vhis:t:o,ry ; ■ - OF TNE 13 ^h: REGIMENT; - vermioht; •yQfcUHTEERS : ; 19ia- Ralph Orson Sturlevant Car mi LathrGp Marsh c^rh l-'IKSX CORPS BADGE First Division. Red; Second Division, \\'hite; Third Division, Blue. Second Vermont Brigade was in the First Corps, Third Division. The 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th \'ermont Regiments constituted the Third Bri- gade in the Third Division. X^. '*«'. '•XX^. ■»f'rJ(X^.'»«',i»X.».i.'i i'. "X.Jn, '*(!'. "SA^.-^f*. ^5. PICTORIAL HISTORY Thirteenth Regiment X- Vt< ■ wv jr* V*, ■ i.x'y^ V*> ■ •■^■>*'' ^*' ■ " w^ ■ it. • wx> w • Jt, • wV ^ L. .,>J f- , L-.-j-i f V. L-..>J fS L%,>J fS Lr;rJ cS L;--! f Vermont Volunteers WAR OF J86I-J865 «sey*;t-^>*,''.XJfWVt.''.X')<'w>t,''.X>r^>fc'!?« RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT, Historian ^■C' ^^ \Jy Dedicated to the sacred memory of the brave boys that vokmteered and served in the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment for the preservation of the Union and tlie hfe of the Republic in the war of 1861-1865. PREFACE CHE principal reasons that induced and actuated the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association to have written and published a history of the Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers in the Civil War were to place on perpetual record the names and some of the deeds of the brave boys that volunteered at Country's call in defense of the right, the preservation of the Union and the life of the Republic. The author deems it proper to say in view of the brief term of service of this regiment that quite likely a smaller book would have been in better taste, and large enough for all proper mention of the part taken by the 13th Regiment \'t. Vols, during its career as a regiment in the Civil War, had it not been de- sirable to make the book a pictorial issue with genealogical and biographical mention, personal reminiscences, a history of each company, numerous engrav- ings, an account of the annual reunions of the regimental association and dedica- tion of monuments at Gettysburg, Northfield and Colchester. Because of this plan the historian found it impossible to issue the book so it would correspond in size to the modest claims of this regiment for the part taken in the preserva- tion of the Union. This history is only a part of the events and daily occurrences while in camp, hospital, on the picket line, the weary march, and on the battlefield of Gettysburg. For forty-five years the survivors have anxiously waited for some familiar pen to reproduce and place on record the story and experiences of those who volunteered into this regiment. Yes. when all that served in this regiment have joined the silent majority, then the sacrifices they made, the hardships and dangers they endured, the courage and fortitude they manifested, the heroic conduct they evinced and displayed, shall forever remain a just tribute and deserving remembrance to their unselfish and patriotic devotion to home and country. Not only the names and deeds herein mentioned but the forms and faces so familiar in the old days when we wore the blue, and since the war will be found indelibly printed in this book of history. The old camp scenes, landscapes, springs, brooks and streams, once familiar, long since forgotten, will be repro- duced in such vivid likeness and accuracy as to awaken afresh the memories of the strenuous days when following the stars and stripes for the defense of the right and preservation of the Union. Seven hundred pictures engraved by the most skilful artists of the very best workmanship will appear interspersed through the book regardless of cost, and etifort to procure them. Sketches, biographical and narrative, also quite extended company histories are made prominent i:i the book. An elaborate roster will appear, furnishing valuable information concerning those who served in the Regiment. Also a sketch of our Regimental Association rmd c|uite a number of engravings of large size with the 6 Tlw 'riiirtrciitli h'cf/nncnt l'cr]nont I'oliiutccrs. names of all tiiat appear in the gruii]) pictures. The dedicatory ceremonies of the monuments to Col. PVancis V. Randall, Lieut. Col. William D. Munson and the Regimental Monument on the battlefield of Gettysburg will be herein published. Much indeed will a])pear of interest that need not be mentioned in this preface. We re.ijret that much of the material furnished is necessarilv abridged to a\i)id making the book too largt'. Your Historian has realized from the (irst. the lal)or and responsiiiility involved in preparation of a history that would tully tell the whole truth of the creditable and distinguished part taken by this regiment during their term of service. There are others among the survivors that could have done far better. But because selected and at the earnest request of some enthusiastic comrades your historian was induced to accept the flattering compliment of writing a regimental histor}'. Impossible for any to regret more sincerely than myself the long delay of publication. Excuses, ever so meritorious avail but little and therefore idle to make them. The task was greater than any surmised, and the labor attending has been quite difficult and much more time has been required than anticipated. All have been more than anxious for the distribution of this historical work, because when we reflect that forty-five years ago, 1862-3, we were following the stars and stripes, and the lapse of three score years and ten has been reached by many of us. and we realize how short the span and brittle the thread of life that nmv separates us from eternity and are apprehensive we may be deprived nf the privilege of seeing and reading the creditable [lart taken while serving our country. The aim and desire has been to erect l)y the publication of this book a monimient to the memory of the valiant heroes that in early manhood laid aside their cherished hopes of success and honor, in civil life, and as true patriots volunteered to fight in defence of lil>ert\- and the L'nion of States. The story herein told of the conduct of this regiment at Gett^'sburg in the final charge into the valley of Plum Run against General George E. Pickett's charging columns, must forever remain glorious historv and unique conduct in battle, a priceless legacy of valor and victory, as brilliant and ini|)ortaiit in its consequences as any chronicled on the page of histor). It was given to no single regiment during the civil war to render such distinguished services and accomplish as much as Colonel Randall's Green Mountain Boys at Gettysburg. What the Thirteenth ^^ermont Regiment did will ever be glorious and familiar history of state and nation. .\nd as long as civilization shall last will the heroic charge of the Second \'ermont Brigade stand as the most important and far reaching in its results of any during the Civil War. The Thirteenth Regiment by its deeds fully justified the erection of a monument on the battlefield of Gettysburg as a just tribute to heroic valor and sublime fortitude in defence of equal rights and the perpetuation of the Union. The author fully realizes that much has been said in this book of praise, but in no sense to make invidious comparisons with other regiments from \*ermont or other states. The true history of the Thirteenth Regiment though it took part in only one great battle (Gettysburg), won sufficient glory in a single hour in its charge against General Pickett's flank to justify all that has been said by your historian. There was plenty of glory on that bloody field, and those who saw the closing scenes, (the officers of both armies) say that General George J- The Tliirtccnth Regiment ]'eymont I'oluntecrs. 7 Stannard's Second \'erniont Brigade in its charge on General Pickett's right flank secured final victory at Gettysburg, and turned the tide of battles for the Union. The Thirteenth Vermont Regiment was on the right of General Stannard's Brigade and first on General Pickett's right flank, and hence won its full share of glory in the most important and the turning battle of the Civil War. The author is pleased to announce that the history of the Thirteenth Regiment \'ermont \'olunteers is written, and hopes when examined will meet approval and expectations. Many unexpected questions have arisen interrupt- ing progress and delaying publication at the dates promised. It was the judg- ment of the Committee that the pictorial feature of our book be made as complete as possible and therefore a large number of pictures have been added to the list since the annual session at Waitsfield in June, 1907. Companies B, C, H and I are quite complete, especially B and I. Impossible to procure a complete list of all that served but the number .secured is much larger than at first thought possible. This feature is the most valuable and attractive. The engravings are artistic and reproduce the comrades (the living and the dead) perfect in form and feature. In some cases old photos, and tintypes dim and scratched could not be retouched by the engravers so as to give a good picture ; no one to blame, and the few imperfect prints herein are thus accounted for. The pictorial part of our book of history will not fade or grow dim and will be as lasting as ink and paper. It is a source of satisfaction and pride that, when (in the distant future) as these pages are turned will be seen the gallant heroes of the Green Mountain State that won world-wide renown and immortal glory on the battle- field of Getty.sburg. Proper tribute and loving memory is made of the slain and mortally wounded in battle, and those who died of disease contracted in the service, during and since the war. The survivors, too, have received their just and due meed of praise. The author does not forget the valuable assistance rendered him in the preparation of this book of history, nor the kind admoni- tions, words of cheer and encouragement, the loyal support, financial and other- wise, and for all of which, tenders his sincere thanks. The author would not omit to mention the valuable assistance generously given by the son of Lieut. Bancroft, of Co. I., Charles DeF. Bancroft, of Montpelier, for his diligent search and successful eflr'orts in securing a large number of pictures of those who served in Companies B, C, H and I, also for valuable work on the rosters of these companies. His interest and zeal and adaptation have contributed much to the pictorial value of our history and will I know be appreciated by all. The for- bearance and patient waiting of my comrades has been a solace in the weary hours of labor and discouragement in the endeavor to discharge the difficult and responsible task so generously committed to my charge. Your historian hopes and expects that when you shall have seen and read this book of history you will accord him the tribute of faithful endeavor to perpetuate the true story of the part taken by our regiment in the Civil War. And if my humble efforts have in a slight degree satisfied your expectations and contributed a little of the honorable service rendered to our country, then may I well felicitate myself and my com- rades in the laudable enterprise of publishing a history of the Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers in the War of 1861-1865. BATTLE-HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord : He is tramping out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on. I have seen him in the watch-tires of a hundred circling camps; They have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps; I can read his righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps; His day is marching on. 1 have read a fiery gospel, writ in burnished rows of steel: "As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal; Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel. Since God is marching on." He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment-seat; O, be swift, my soul, to answer him I be jubilant, my feet! Our God is marching on. In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in his bosom that transfigures you and me; As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free, While God is marching on. Jui.iA Ward Howe. ILLUSTRATIONS CHE pictures furnished from which engravings were to be made to print the lialf tones for our book were generally good, especially those of recent date. Many of the old war-time ambrotypes, tintypes and photo- graphs were in bad condition, bent, wrinkled, scratched, faded and otherwise injured, making it impossible to secure good results. Only a few were discarded as useless by the engravers which was a disappointment and regret. Others had to be retouched at considerable expense in order to produce fairly good half- tone pictures. The utmost attention was given that the half-tone pictures should be first-class, considering this feature of the work very important. The engrav- ings were considerably larger than at first intended and therefore much better, tliough more expensive. Pictures of comrades, camps and battlefields, inter- spersed in connection with important events mentioned and in which the comrades took part in the sanguinary struggle for humanity and the preservation of home and Country, are of the most valuable modes of illustrating and perpetuating military history. The utmost care therefore actuated the committee in making the contract for the engravings, with an experienced and reputable firm regard- less of cost. The Albany Engraving Company of Albany, N. Y., were given the contract. The number of pictures large and small that will appear in this book is 700. The size of the portrait pictures is 3^0 >^ 2V1; inches and the larger ones are mostly 8 x 5V2 inches. The larger pictures take a single page and of the portraits four will generally appear on a page. The portraits are square, oval and half round finish, so made to give variety and because condition of original pictures, in some cases, requiring it to obtain better half-tone prints. War-time pictures of old camps, only a few could be found and these appear. I am quite sure none were taken of Camp Vermont when the regiment was there, nor of our Camp at Fairfax Court House. Some of recent date have been secured by Comrade Marsh of the Committee at considerable expense, of the several camps as they now appear and will be printed in the book more because of sentiment and historical reference than because anything about them to remind one of the old camps occupied forty-five years ago. Time has made such great changes that it is difficult to even locate the old camp grounds. ABRAHAM LINCOLN THIi SIXTEKNTll PKKSIDKXT UNITED STATES, 1861-1865. AS HE LOOKED IN 1 8^)2. IVcir President of the United States, iS6i-i86=, ii HBRAHAM LINCOLN was a self-made man, born in obscurity, reared in poverty, and unaided, forged his way from a log hut in the wilderness of Kentucky, onward and upward, until he attained the Presidency of the great American Republic. He was inaugurated March 4th, 1861, assassinated April 14th, 1865. only a few days subsequent to the surrender of the Confederate Armies and declaration of peace. He was twice elected President of the United States of America, and successfully sailed the Ship of State through the tempestuous seas of secession and rebellion, and with patriotic courage and devotion, and masterful ability overcame and subdued the most gigantic inter- necine war of history. He was a man of the people, the conspicuous commoner of his generation magnanimous, honest, and born with a heart that ever pulsated with sorrow for the unfortunate, and distressed. His lofty ambition culminated in the immortal proclamation of the Emancipation of American Slavery. No man ever accomplished so much for the immortal principles of humanity and ju.stice. He still lives in the hearts of all that hate bondage and love liberty, and will until the end of time. His sublime conviction of right and wrong, his noble aspirations, his mighty grasp of the great problems that agitated the public conscience and the affairs of government, and threatened to assail and dissolve the union pre-eminently qualified President Lincoln for the herculean and super- hiunan task of saving the Union. This great man of the Republic from early manhood had given his brilliant mind to the careful study of the questions so forcibly expressed in the Constitution that bound us together, that made him above all men of his day the safe commander of the Ship of State. His brilliant career, and what he did, unquestionably gives him a place second to none of the great and distinguished Presidents of the United States of America. He zealously sought to be right and just and had the courage of his convic- tions. His life and character has ever been, and will continue to be the inspira- tion for the youth of this land to emulate and magnify. Such men leave behind them a legacy of inestimable and imperishable value. The goal of his sublime ambition was equality and justice. These immortal attributes prompted and controlled his public and private life. This great leader of the Republican Party as President of the United States so directed the affairs of government in the early days of his administration, when assailed by treason and almost overcome by disaster and discouragement, as to save and preserve the Union. His conduct of the war fully justifies the statement that he was the foremost man of his day and generation. He was truly called for the great work he accomplished. His solicitude and great anxiety during the Gettys- burg Campaign, his wrestling with the God of battles for victory, demonstrated his sublime faith in an overruling Providence. He was a Christian Hero and believed in the efficacy of prayer. His glorious memory, his deeds, will be cherished by all true patriots for ever and ever. He had accomplished his divine mission. His work was finished and he was prepared for the great and awful sacrifice on the altar of his country. Not one of all the good and distinguished men of this mighty and magnificient Republic has left behind a more inspiring and elevating influence upon the world than Abraham Lincoln. His greatness is measured by the needs of the whole human family to hasten the day of the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God. KRASTfS i"aiki;anks. war (•.(>\t:k.\"or OF \i:KM(i\r. iS6t. ll'ar Go:-cniors of I'crinont. iS6i. 13 eKASTUS FAIRBANKS, of St. Johnsbury, was the first war Governor of \'ermont, and was elected in September, i860, and held office for one year. He had served the State as Governor previously for one year, being elected in September, 1852. His second administration was attended with the most important questions that had occurred since Vermont's admission into the Union. The announcement of secession and adoption of ordinances of state sovereignty was a realization that Governor Fairbanks did not expect, and was very slow to believe though treasonable would culminate in war. Therefore, when the first hostile shell that was sent hissing and screeching over the blue waters of Charleston Harbor in the early gray of morning against Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, Vermont was not prepared to respond as promptly to President Lincoln's first call for troops as other states. However this overt and wicked act dispelled every doubt and aroused the Governor to immediate action that Vermont ni'ght be ready to respond when called upon. Governor Fairbanks was a fine Christian gentleman and of the old type of highly honorable citizens and as firm and steadfast in his convictions of right and wrong as the green hills among which he lived. The people of ^'ermont as with a single voice rose to the importance and necessity of strenuous action, party lines found no place among the people, only one thought animated all. namely, suppress the rebellion and punish the traitors. Governor Fairbanks now issued a proclamation calling a special session of the Legislature which was the first of any governor convening its Legislature to prepare for war. And from this time until the close of his term of office, none more assiduously applied honest effort and devotion that his state might be ready to respond to each and every call promptly, and to the uttermost discharged every duty in order that the dark and wicked scheme of treason might be des- troyed, the L^nion preserved and the reputation of the Green Mountain State sustained. He entertained the hope that the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 troops would be sufficient to restore peace and order. So sanguine was his conviction that war would be ended in 90 days, that he disbanded a company recruited by W. D. Munson of Colchester for artillery service, thinking it un- necessary to be at the expense to purchase cannon and otherwise equip for the field. It is proper to here state that Governor Fairbanks both in and out of office put forth his great influence financially and otherwise in prosecution of the war until the enemy was subdued and peace declared. While he was not the most able of Vermont's distinguished Governors, yet he was second to none in philanthropy as evidenced by his many generous bequests. His administra- tion was creditable, patriotic and satisfactory. He stood high in the estimation of all Vermonters, and maintained this reputation to the end of life. I'KKDKKICK UOLHROOK, SIvCOND WAR GOVERXOR OF VURMONT, 1861-1863. JVar Governors of Vermont, 1861. 15 fREDERICK HOLBROOK was elected Governor of Vermont in Septem- ber, 1861, re-elected in September, 1862, serving two terms. The Second Vermont Brigade was composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th \^ermont Regiments, and recruited under the administration of Governor Holbrook. The urgent call made by President Lincoln on Governor Holbrook for Vermont's quota under this particular call was so promptly complied with as to- assure the President that \'ermont's war Governor was fully alive to the mighty struggle for National existence and the great responsibilities resting on him as Governor of Vermont. The war had been in progress only a few months at the- date when Governor Holbrook first assumed office, October 10, 1861. First Bull Run, July 21, 1861 was the only great battle that had been fought, and this a humiliating defeat and in fact the mighty contest had just begun, and Governor Holbrook in common with the other war Governors of the New England States comprehended the magnitude of the fearful struggle that must ensue in order to- preserve the Union and sustain the integrity of the administration of President Lincoln and therefore as a true patriot he addressed himself with great energy- to the single and most important question, the preparation for the preservation of the Union and defense of Country. He was the trusted adviser of President Lincoln during the darkest days of the Rebellion from October, 1861, to October, 1863. It is claimed that more volunteers went to the front from Vermont under his administration and more commissions were signed by him than both of the other war Governors of our state. He was Governor when the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 1 6th regiments were recruited and sent to the front, and the boys of the 13th regiment who rendezvoused at his home town, Brattleboro, Vermont, on their way to Washington were encouraged by his cheering words of advise and the glad and hearty welcome given on our way to Washington, and on our return to be mustered out. His words of praise for the distinguished service rendered on the great battlefield of Gettysburg, was an eloquent compliment, for he said "you have accomplished wonders and the Second Vermont Brigade is given the credit of the defeat of General Pickett in the sanguinary struggle at Gettysburg, and final victory in General Lee's last great effort on that momentous battlefield. He fully realized that these regiments though young in years and" inexperienced in battle accomplished more in a single hour at the close of the three days of fearful struggle when they met the flower of General Lee's great army led by his especially chosen officer. General Pickejit, than some brigades during their term of service. Governor Holbrook during his two terms of office fully met every respons- ibility and discharged every duty to state and nation in such a manner as to- secure deserving credit to himself and honor to the state he served. This grand old man still lives in Brattleboro, Vermont, and is the oldest of the surviving- War Governors of that most eventful period of our National existence, the Civil \\'ar. JOHN GREGORY SMITH, WAR GOVERNOR OF VERMONT, 1863-1865. IVar Governors of Vermont i86j-i86j. 17 JOHN GREGORY SMITH, of St. Albans. \'ermont, was elected Governor in September, 1863, and re-elected in September, 1864, serving two terms. He was representative from St. Albans in the Legislature convened in annual session, October, i860. He was at this time a rising, and one of the leading lawyers of the State, and also trustee of the Vermont and Canada R. R. His ability, suavity, commanding presence and business relations secured to him at once a prominent position in the political and business affairs of the state. He was an influential member of the Legislature assembled in annual session, October, i860, and took an active and conspicuous part in the deliberations of the extra session called by Governor Fairbanks only a few days after the assault on Fort Sumter to consider measures pertaining to the then pending conflict Ijetween some of the Southern states and the general government. Mr. Smit'h, of St. Albans was speaker of the House for the annual sessions of 1861 and 1862 in which capacity he displayed that wonderful executive ability that made him a successful man in the management of great business enterprises, especially railroad developments in Vermont and the great west. From the commence- ment of the Civil \\'ar to its close, he with patriotic devotion gave his ability and untiring energy to the prosecution of the vi'ar in order that the wicked rebellion might be subdued and the L^nion preserved. His commanding position in the political, social and business affairs of the State frequently called him into the councils of the nation during the progress of the war. President Lincoln often consulted his war governor, John Gregory Smith of Vermont and entrusted to him the mighty problems that burdened his heart for his opinion. Governor Smith was a frequent visitor in Washington and at the White House. He visited the hospitals, the camps, especially where the boys from \'ermont were to be found, ever on the alert to see what could be done to improve conditions, to encourage and cheer Vermonters that were in the service. Governor Smith was very proud of the valiant service and unparalleled record made by the sons of Vermont on the man}' battlefields in which they took part. He appreciated their unselfish devotion to their country, and never forgot to recognize and reward, so far as possible, all who volunteered from the State of Vermont. The uniform was a pass on his railroads to the soldier on his way to the front or returning home from the dreaded hospital, or wounded from the field of battle. He was one of the noble men of our state that did much to buoy up the hopes of President Lincoln during the last two years of the war. Nearly all of the military organizations from Vermont had companies or parts of com- panies from St. Albans, the home town of Governor Smith, and the long list of boys from St. Albans who received commissions was a flattering compliment to their valor, and appreciation of their services by the Governor. The writer was personally acquainted with Governor Smith from the time he was Governor to the end of his remarkable career and knows whereof he speaks. Of his many virtues and noble characteristics, I have mentioned only a few. It is proper to say that Governor John Gregory Smith was one of the great men of Vermont and the peer of any in his day and generation. DREVKT MAlOR-r.EXERAL GEORGK JERRISdX STANXARD Tlic Thirteenth Rajimcnt rcniioiit 1 'oliintecrs. 19 6FX)RGE JERRISON STANNARD was born in the town of Georgia. X'ennont, October 20, 1820. Educated in the common schools and at Bakersfield and (ieorgia Academies. As a boy worked on his father's farm summers and attended school winters. Also taught district schools and acquired quite a reputation as such. In early manhood a martial spirit developed and he joined the military organizations of his day becoming quite noted and was at the commencement of the Civil War, Colonel of a regiment of the State militia. \\'hen the news of firing on Fort Sumter reached St. Albans, \'ermont, where he then lived and was engaged in business, he at once tendered his services to Governor Fairbanks, anxious to take part in the suppression of the pending rebellion, and it is said was the first man in Vermont to volunteer. He was commissioned Lieut. Colonel of the first three years regiment from the State, the Second ^'ermont \'olunteers; was commissioned on June 6, 1861, and was present with his regiment in the sanguinary battle of First Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ; was promoted and commissioned as Colonel of the Ninth Regiment Ver- mont Volunteers, May 1862; was commissioned in March 1863 as brigadier general of volunteers and assigned to the command of the Second Vermont Brigade composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments. It was while in command of the Second Vermont Brigade he won his greatest honor, though his career from first Bull Run to Fort Harrison was brilliant and highly creditable. He was endowed with the same indomitable courage and intuitive knowledge of right and justice that was born and bred in the hero of Ticonderoga. Ethan Allen. History gives General Stannard the credit of originating the manoeuvre against General George E. Pickett's right flank that secured victory at the greatest and most important battle (Gettysburg) in the Civil War. His fame as a military genius and intrepid leader extended beyond the boundaries of his native land. His name will ever be associated with victory at Gettysburg. He was the most distinguished officer in the volunteer service from Vermont. His native .state, Vermont, was ever proud of his achievements and as a tribute to his valor and soldierly career, by its Legislature made an appropriation for the purchase of the spot where born and the erection of a monument to his memory. He led the advance with the Tenth and Eightenth Corps against the defences of Richmond and captured Fort Harrison, and his gallant conduct was recognized by being commissioned a Brevet Major General of Volunteers. It was at Fort Harrison while resisting an assault by Generals Hoke and Field to recapture, he lost his right arm, but continued in the service until February, 1866. General Stannard's military career was quite remarkable and very successful. His merits as an honorable and upright citizen was recog- nized after the war by civil positions of honor and trust. He was modest, unassuming and generous, and never forgot the common soldier that served in his commands. Titles and honors did not change his manly qualities or lead him to forget his friends and acquaintances of youth and early manhood. He was a true patriot, a splendid soldier and honest man. Editor. ciii.iim;i. iKwris voltairE Raxdai.l. 1862. The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers. ?RANCIS \'OLTAIRE, the fourth child of the twelve children of Gurdon and Laura Scott Randall, was born in Braintree, Orange Countj', Vt., on the 13th day of February, 1824. He died on March i, 1885, at Northfield, Vt. His education was such as the common schools and academies of that early period aflforded. It was sufficient, however, to enable him to teach school in the winter, when quite young, a habit both helpful and entertaining. Summers he either worked on a farm, or with his father who was a carpenter and builder by trade. But young Randall was not designed for either or any of these occupations as a business for life; and chose rather to enter upon the study of law, which he did in the office of Heman Carpenter, Esq., a practitioner of eminence at the time. Admitted to the bar he soon found himself engaged in a lucrative and agreeable practice at the Washington County liar. Of a naturally hopeful disposition and buoyant spirit, lie made friends everywhere, having a cordial greeting for everybody whom he chanced to meet. Being a democrat of the old school in those early days, as was his father before him, and living in a town where old fashioned democracy was popular, it was but natural that this young lawyer of force and purpose should find his way to a share in political preferment. Prominent among these were state's attorney, member of the legislature, and in the administration of Franklin Pierce, postmaster. The independent quality of his tliought and action was made the more manifest when at the call of his country for men to put down incipient rebellion, Mr. Randall, notwithstanding his party affiliations, made prompt answer and offered himself for the service. The 2d Vermont Regiment was mustering at Burlington where he reported for duty, and entering Company F, was chosen to be its captain. The regiment had its first sanguinary baptism at Bull Run : it was indeed a baptism of blood, but Capt. Randall came out of it with some new light on real warfare and a settled purpose to see fmther service. Indeed, military life seems to have become a fascination with him, and when the 13th \'ermont was organized he was selected to take the command. His earlier e.xperience with the 2d \"ermont now stood him in good stead; for the battle of Bull Run, though rated as a defeat for the Union arms, was in fact a real success; for the reason that though victory seemed to be with the enemy, the fight had shown to both officers and men that the success of an army depends not only on courage and high purpose, but strict discipline and care- ful drill. On that di.sastrous field, and in the face of an enemy who had been for a long time trained for real service, there was born to the Union army a new thought, and to the people of the North as well. Some of us still remem- ber how glibly it was predicted that 75,000 men would suppress the rebellion; we recall, too, with what mortification the morning after the battle we read of the inglorious result. LIEUT. COL. -VNDRKW C. BROW.N'. 1863. The Tlurtccntb Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 23 But that lesson was just what was needed on the north side of Mason & Dixon's line. To the country and the great cause really before it the experience of defeat at the very threshold of the struggle was not defeat, but victory. The loyal people of the Union had now begun to realize the magnitude and determination of the rebellion that confronted the government. Secession was no bluff; its defeat would be no child's play. But there was no faltering. Men were called for again and again and again ; the army was organized, troops were drilled, and ecjuipment provided as rapidly as possible. It is a matter of civic pride with Vermonters that she stood foremost in prompt and complete response to every call. In due course the 13th Vermont was recruited and organized, and as before stated Colonel Randall took command. It does not perhaps become this paper to speak more than in general terms of the wisdom of the choice. Better that the men who served under him should testify of his soldierly qualities, both in camp and in battle. That he won, and never lost, the fullest confidence of the regiment has been told and retold by those who knew him under the trying ordeal of actual warfare ; and as a lasting tribute to his memory his comrades in arms have erected a monument over his grave, speaking forth to all who shall look upon it, the loyal devotion and affectionate regard in which Colonel Randall was held by them. At Gettysburg the 13th Vermont had its opportunity. Other regiments in the old Vermont Brigade wrought valiantly, but none, at that critical moment when the fate of the Confederacy was sealed, eclipsed the heroism of the 13th; but there was glory enough on that July day for all who took part in that decisive battle. In all future time Gettysburg would stand conspicuous in the annals of the world's great battles. But armed resistance to lawful authority was not yet wholly overcome, for as the event proved, there was yet to be nearly two years more of dreadful strife before the work so heroically set forward on that bloody field would be finished. In that time progress was making toward the ultimate overthrow of organized rebellion. General Grant had now been placed in command of the entire military force of the nation, and early in 1864 took immediate over- sight of the army under General Mead in what was locally called the Wilder- ness; from which circumstances the battles fought there have been known in history as the Battles of the Wilderness. In preparation for this campaign fresh troops had been ordered out, and to hasten this forward Colonel Randall had been called home to recruit the 17th Vermont. So great, however, was the urgency for more men at the front, that raw recruits were pushed forward in squads to be absorbed into depleted commands, and in their turn slain so rapidly that when the full number of the regiment had been enrolled, if memory serves well, the Colonel's commission was issued by special order. He then joined the regiment at the front, remaining with it and sharing its fortunes before Petersburg, at its capture, the fall of Richmond, and so on to Lee's surrender, on April 9th, 1865, at Appomattox. Thus the active military career of Colonel Randall came to an end. The great army, on being mustered out, returned to peaceful avocations — the LIliUTEN'AXT COLoXKL ANDRKW C. IJKuW.N. 1907. Tlw 'J'hirtccnth Rcijiiiicut I'cniiont I'olimtcers. 25 Colonel with the rest. The remainder of his life was spent in the jiractice of law, in farming, and miscellaneous pursuits, but always with intelligent pur- pose and useful results. He at length settled in Xorthtield, and for a period acted as president of Norwich University, which had recently been established there. Never losing his interest in the old comrades in arms, he frequently made tours among them, lecturing before their local organizations, as occasion might be; and there was nothing he enjoyed more than to meet with them, re- counting the many interesting incidents of camp life and battlefield. At last, however, the strain had been too great ; the strong man had become weakened. Absent from his home on one of his tours, he was smitten by disease, and hastened back to his family, where after a few days, the end came. On a winter's day, with suitable military honors and religious service, his body was borne to its last resting place among the hills that had been so long familiar to his eye and so dear to his heart. Colonel Randall had been twice married. By his first wife he had two sons, Charles W. and Francis V., Jr., both well known to the old soldiers, and a daughter who died quite young. By the second, three sons, Phil. Sheridan, Gurdon Colby, and Luther Volney. "Charley" was a lieutenant in Companies G and C, 13th and 17th Vermont Regiments. Seriously diseased in the service, his health was so impaired that on his return to his native state, and after a brief career in business, he was obliged to succumb, and passed on to his reward. Francis V., Jr., familiarly known as "Jim" or "Jimmy", having followed his father to the front — without invitation — was enlisted as a drummer, and was one of the very young lads — if not the youngest of them all — who were in the service. He will be remembered by the veterans as a somewhat remark- able boy. Rev. Edw.\rd Herbert R.-\ndali<. LUX'T. COL. WILLIAM UAV MLNsiiN. 1863. The ThirtccntJi Rcijuncnt Tiniionf I'oliiiitccrs. 27 eOLOXEL RANDALL^S Green Mountain Boys of The Thirteenth Ver- mont Regiment in the War of 1861-1865, volunteered from the Counties of Cliittenden, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille and Washington, in August and September, 1862. They were bold and sturdy sons of patriotic horny handed fathers and mothers and intensely loyal to State and Country. From childhood they had listened morning and evening to earnest and eloquent appeals to be divinely led in the path of right and duty. Their love of home and its associations were so strong and holy, they would freely sacrifice even life in defence of honor and right. There was no place so dear to them as where born and reared. They were pure in thought, honest and lofty in purpose, generous and kind, anxious to fulfil to the uttermost every honorable duty regardless of consec[uences. They had been brought up in the fear of God and practice of the golden rule. Sainted mothers had told of the landing of Liberty, immortal Liberty, at Plymouth Rock, and all it cost to secure and maintain it. Yes they were quite familiar with all that had occurred from the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus to the firing of the first hostile gun at Fort Sumter, and therefore all that was noble and sublime in their manhood was stirred with patriotic solicitation for the life and preservation of the Union. The Stars and Stripes, that glorious emblem of freedoin and union, had been tattered by shot and shell by a wicked and designing foe on many a gory field, and now these valiant sons of the Old Green Mountain State were ready to lay aside the pursuits of peace and happiness and go forth in mortal combat in the defence of home, freedom, honor and the preservation of the Union. These stalwart boys were of the first families of Vermont, free born and well bred, upright and in every way honorable, full of life and fun and all fresh from the plow, shops, stores, schools, pulpit and bar, and without experience on the field of battle; and yet courageously stepped to the front in response to Abraham Lincoln's urgent call for 300,000 nine months' men. This regiment and four others from Vermont werfe recruited under President Lincoln's call dated August 4, 1862, urging the loyal states to hasten troops forward to Washington for there was imminent danger of the capture of the Capital City of the Nation. The great and important battles thus far fought by the Army of the Potomac were signal failures, and President Lincoln was disappointed, almost overcome with grief and sorrow ; his mighty and valorous army of the Potomac had been vanquished on many sanguinary fields and many thousands had been killed and wounded, and thousands more died of disease. Fort Sumter's walls had been leveled to the sea ; and its buildings fired by shot and shell. Harpers Ferry with its millions of munitions of war had been abandoned and burned without an effort to defend or protect. The two great battles of Bull Run had been fought on the gory plains of Manassas, and the federal armies under the command of General Irwin McDowell and General John Pope had been defeated with fearful loss of life and property, utterly dismayed, routed on the field of battle and driven in confusion back within the defences of Washington. General George B. McClellan's campaign to capture Richmond by way of Yorktown and the Peninsula gave promise of success, and animated the heart of President Lincoln and strengthened his confidence that the Confederate Capital LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM DAY Ml'NSUX. 1900. The Thirteenth Reijiiiieiit I'enuont J 'olinifeers. 2y wimkl lie captured, the enemy defeated and dispersed and armed rebellion over- thriiwn and peace restored. But this attempt to capture Richmond was an awful failure and a great calamity to the nation, a humiliating and grievous disappoint- ment to the President, his cabinet, the officers, and rank and file of this magnificent army, and the patriotic people of the loyal states. The war of the Rebellion had been waged for more than a year, a million volunteers had been mustered into the army and navy, numerous battles had been fought on land and sea, mighty efforts had been put forth, great armies equipped, drilled and mobilized and ready for aggressive operations that treason might be subdued, and peace declared. General AlcClellan in his campaign "of on to Richmond" had an army of more than one humircd thousand strong, and well prepared for offensive warfare. It was a grand and might}' army, intelligent and patriotic, and no general ever had such a soldiery, so devoted and with implicit confidence in their leader, never doubting success and impatiently waited to be led on to Richmond. This army was believed to be well nigh invincible and with General AlcClellan in command the administration and the loyal people confidently looked forward to the capture of Richmond, submission to civil authority, and the restoration of peace. General ]\IcClellan was an educated soldier, and had fought in the Mexican War and was one of the first commissioned major-generals after the fall of Fort Sumter, and in his first command, the campaign of Western \'irginia, dis- tinguished himself with great ability, commanding the respect of President Lincoln, and General Scott, and was called after the defeat of Bull Run, to the command of the army of the Potomac, and by the President and his cabinet given full power to make and execute his own plan of campaign, and yet the Peninsula Campaign was an awful failure and a great calamity to the Nation, and this magnificent army of the Potomac was defeated, driven back in confusion with fearful slaughter, many thousands killed, wounded and captured, and thousands more died of disease contracted in the pestilential swamps along the Chick- ahominy. The morale of this valiant army was suddenly changed to doubt and apprehension, disappointment and sorrow was an open book reflected in every face. The battles of the campaigns to capture Richmond by the way of the Peninsula and the valleys of Shenandoah and Northern Virginia were signal failures, and it does not matter here who was most to blame. The hard fought battles at McDowell, Front Royal and Winchester, and in front of Richmond, especially of Malvern Hill gave evidence of as good fighting officers and men as had ever fought on any field ; they had been put to the supreme test of ability and courage, and proved themselves equal to every demand. The plan of the campaign to capture Richmond was better, it would seem, than its execu- tion. It was a deplorable and expensive lesson. The administration, the valiant armies, and the loyal people whose hopes and trust were so implicitly placed in General McClellan and his mighty army of the Potomac were huiniliated and disheartened. No one had looked for such reverses, and all were deeply dis- appointed. Notwithstanding the deplorable condition of affairs, the loyal citizens had no thought of compromise or surrender, nor did they doubt for a moment the defeat of General Lee and his heroic armies, the final capture of Richmond and honorable peace. Buoyed up with such high hopes of success on the opening of the campaigns in the spring of 1862, it is no wonder that the disastrous and MAJOR LAWRKXCli D. CLARK. 1862. 'J'lic Thirtccntli Regiment Vcnnont I'oUtntccvs. 31 terrible defeats, retreat from before Richmond, the defeat and ronte of second Bull Run and the probable invasion into Maryland and capture of Washington fell like a pall over the nation. Such in fact was the situation when President Lincoln sent forth his anxious and hopeful proclamation for 300,000 volunteers to serve nine months implying that tlie war would be over before their term of service should ex|)ire. Under this call, the Thirteenth Regiment with four others from \ crn-iont w ere quickly enrolled, equipped and hastened forward to Wash- ington. The lo}al sons of the Green Mountain State nobly responded under this urgent call, and within a few short weeks the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments were recruited, mustered, equipped and sent forward and placed on the front picket line near Bull Run battlefield in active service and holding important positions. While these regiments were being recruited, General Pope, with his army of Mrgiiiia, supported by the army of the Potomac, just returned from the Peninsular campaign in the last days of August and the first day of September, fought the battle of second Bull Run, and again on this fatal field, the union army met unaccountable disaster and in confusion retreated back to the defenses of W'ashington. Gen. Pope was not properly supported. The signal and unlocked for victories of the Confederate armies had a depressing effect, and many hesitated to volunteer into these \'ermont regiments now being recruited. Only the more courageous and brave stepped forward, signed the enlistment rolls, laid aside their occupations, gave up their cherished hopes and laudable ambition, abandoned homes, dear friends, surrendered all for the single purpose of taking part in the sanguinary struggle for the preservation of the Union. Each volunteer as he signed the roll and promised allegiance silently said to his government "Here am I, take me, do with me as you please, count not the cost of my life, my country I hold most dear." Those who enlisted from Vermont into these regiments were (nearly all) composed of such volunteers. They were intelligent, educated, honest, well bred, sturdy sons of the best families in the Old Green Mountain State. Because of these requisites no better soldiers fought in the battles for the Union. The State of Vermont was justly proud of these regiments, and the Government more than thankful for the prompt fulfilment of Vermont's quota under the President's anxious call. Some have attempted to make invidious distinction and comparison because the term of service of these regiments was only nine months. President Lincoln said. August 4th, 1862, "Nine months will end the war." The sentiment and ardent hope of the loyal citizens was that the Rebellion would be crushed and peace declared before the end of another year. Those who enrolled under this call and into these regiments sincerely believed the war would be over before their term of enlistment expired. All would have as freely volunteered for three years or during the war as for nine months. The motives that actuated the individuals were the true test of patriotism and devotion. There was no time during the war when the cause for the Union seemed more discouraging, and when there was greater need of unselfish devotion for present and future welfare of the nation than the period when these five regiments were recruited. They were all enrolled under th same call from all parts of the MAT. TOSEPH J. BOYNTON. 1863. Tlic Tliirtccnth Kcijiiiiciit Vcniiont J'oliintccrs. 33 State during the months of August and September, and the regiments were all organized ready to be mustered into the U. S. service before October ist, 1862. The Field and Staff Officers of these regiments were equally competent, and this statement applies more particularly to the Colonels of these regiments, all of whom had seen service in the earlier Vermont regiments. The Line Officers as well as the Rank and File of these five Regiments were all of the same general character and type and equally qualified, and suitable for arduous warfare. No claim has ever been made of superiority of one regiment over the other or that there was any difference in the military ability and prowess of the Colonels of these regiments. Opportunity, it is true came to some during the service that others did not have, and it would be presumptuous to claim that under like conditions and circumstances that all would not have shown the same ability, courage and bravery and won like honor and approbation on the battle- field. The Historian of the Thirteenth Regiment is delegated with the responsi- bility, of preparing a true history of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment for publi- cation. And he is expected to write somewhat in detail concerning the incidents, peculiarities, character, and efficiency of the officers, the rank and file, soldierly qualifications, and the daily happenings in camp, on the march, on the picket line, in the hospital, the drill, routine duties, movements from place to place, and the part taken, and service rendered, as a regiment while in the service. In fact to prepare such a history as will refresh the memory, awaken scenes when we wore the blue, bring to mind dear comrades, brave and true, long since passed toj realms above, to make suitable mention of such, in fact to tell the story, pertaining to this regiment, including that long weary and terrible seven days' march from Virginia to Pennsylvania, and the part taken by this regiment in the battle of Gettysburg. In my endeavor to faithfully and impartially discharge the duties assigned, I trust the reader will pardon special mention of some events, and persons, and excuse omissions of others, for more than forty years have passed since those eventful days, and we are compelled to rely almost entirely on memory, in refer- ring to the less important matters and incidents connected with this regiment. Immediately after receiving President Lincoln's call for \'ermont's quota of nine months' men. Governor Holbrook's general order number 13, dated August, 1862, was forwarded to the Selectmen of the several towns of the State, furnish- ing information as to procuring the required number under the President's "call dated August 4th, 1862. ]\Iass meetings were held in most of the towns of the State under supervision and direction of the several boards of Selectmen, to devise ways and means, to secure a sufficient number to avoid a draft. These meetings were held in halls, churches, school houses, in such places as would best accommodate the largest number, for the citizens were intensely interested, and exceedingly anxious to do everything possible to sustain the State and government, (and in haste) and, therefore, attended in great numbers. Public speakers were engaged, that the people might be aroused to a realizing sense of the impending danger, and duty, and to procure volunteers and avoid the humiliation of a draft. SURGEON GEORGE NICHOLS. 1862. The Thirteenth Keyiinent I'ennoiit J'oliinteers. 35 In this manner the whole State was suddenly aroused and awakened, and stirred with patriotic devotion, and prepared for united effort for the preserva- tion of the Union, regardless of cost and sacrifice. Fathers and sons, friends and acquaintances, preachers and lawyers, business men, the farmers and laborers, men and boys, old and young, gathered (intense emotion and determina- tion could be seen in many faces) to listen, and in some way to take part in the important and pressing business at hand. No boisterous demonstrations characterized these assemblies. Solicitude for the life of the Nation brought them together. The speakers were patriotic and eloquent because of the subject that animated every heart and inspired every tongue. The Copperhead (and occasionally one was present) did not raise his vi;nomous voice in opposition, knowing full well that silence was his only safety. Some too, were present that had participated in the blunders of the battles of Big Bethel. First Bull Run and Warwick Creek, and passed through the san- guinary battles of Lees Mills, Seven Pines, Williamsburg, Golding's Farm, Savage Station, Whiteoak Swamp, Malvern Hill, who from expiration of term of service or on account of wounds and disease had returned to their homes. The silent reserve of these veteran heroes and their animated faces were more eloquent and convincing than the earnest speeches of the anxious and enthusiastic citizens. The one thought that pervaded every brave and loyal heart was, "Let us go forth at once in response to the President's urgent call, and in defense of home and country." These gatherings of the people were different than those in the spring of 1861 ; experience of bloody battles, defeat and disaster, the prowess and bravery of the enemy, their success on many a battlefield had wrought great changes and candid sober thought no less patriotic than the impetuous spirit and devotion of the boys of 1861, now controlled judgment and action, and they could see and comprehend more clearly than ever before the gigantic struggle before them. None but the truly, self-sacrificing and brave now came forward and freely offered their lives upon the altar of their country. Such enrolled from Vermont in August and September, 1862, and such were Colonel Randall's Green Moun- tain \"olunteers. They had in them born and bred in the bone, the stuff' that heroes are made of. In a few brief days the necessary number for the Thirteenth Regiment had volunteered and on notice by the Selectmen and recruiting officers, assembled at convenient places and oraginzed into companies. Medical examinations soon followed, and then preliminary instructions in military tactics. The several companies which were soon to be organized and mustered as the Thirteenth Regiment were comparative strangers to each other, but were noble volunteers that were soon to be united to make enviable and glorious history for the State and Nation. These companies weif made up of two of the uniform militia (the Emmet Guards of Burlington and Lafayette Artillery of Calais), and eight of volunteer militia, all raised imder Governor Holbrook's general order No. 13. The Emmet Guards and Lafayette Artillery on the organization of the regiment were given the letters of A and H respectively. The other companies, SURGEON GEORGE NICHOLS. 1900. The Thirtccutli Regiment I eniiont I 'oliuiteers. 37 B, Moretown Company, C, East Montpelier Company, D, Colchester Company, E, Morristown Company, F. Riclimond Company, G, Bakersfield Company, I, Mont- pelier Company, and K, Highgate Company. The companies were organized, and examined by expert physicians appointed for the purpose prior to September i6th, and the officers of these companies were ordered to meet in Montpelier September 24th, 1862, to elect Field Officers. And here at the Capital of the State on the 24th of September, begins the history of this Regiment as an organized body. At this meeting for organization, there were aspirants for office and con- sJd'Mable interest manifested, more or less talk as to qualifications, but no settled plan among the officers of the several companies present had been arranged, though it was generally understood who would be chosen Colonel. After the company officers had assembled it was soon evident there would be a contest over the offices of Lieutenant Colonel and Major. It was rumored that Captain Lewis C. Coburn was being urged by his friends for Lieutenant Colonel, and his candidacy for the position was well received (and judging from his record as Captain and his valiant conduct in the charge across the valley of Plum Run Gettysburg, to recover captured cannon and up the slope to Emmits- burg Road and along it to the Rogers House which was surrounded by his and other companies of the Thirteenth Regiment, capturing many Rebels and then on, leading his company to left and right in search of the enemy until the shades of night fell on the scene), if he had been chosen would have reflected credit to himself and honor to his regiment. And also the name of Captain Lawrence D. Clark of the Highgate Company was suggested as better qualified, he having ser\'ed as Captain of Company A, First Vermont Regiment three months men, and his general appearance and experience, made him a favorable candidate, and he was being urged by his friends, some of whom were anxious for his promo- tion in order to make way for laudable ambition of aspirants in Highgate Com- pany. Also the name of Captain William D. Munson of Company D was mentioned, and his friends of Company D and others declared him the best man for the place, for he was a graduate of the Norwich University, had recruited a company in Winooski and vicinity for a battery early in 1861, under Governor Fairbanks, but when all ready for equipment, the Governor decided the war would likely be soon over, and it would not pay to purchase cannon, etc., and Munson returned home from St. Johnsbury where he had been to confer with Governor Fairbanks, disappointed and considerably disgusted, and was compelled to disband his company, that he had anxiously hoped to take to the front in i86r, as the First Artillery organization from Vermont. It was conceded that Captain Munson was by far the best qualified for the position, and in view of his previous activity to early engage in the service, and being turned down by Governor Fairbanks and having a military education, he should now be elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment, but Captain ^lunson was an extremely modest man and would not express in any manner, preference or ambition for the place. During the forenoon of the day of the election, the name of Captain Andrew C. Brown, recently elected Captain of the Montpelier Company was urged and endorsed by quite a number of Company officers of the other companies, and Qr.VRTKKMASTER XELSOX A. TAYLOR, 1862. The Thirteenth Reijiiiieiit rennoiit I'olunteers. 39 everything indicated a spirited contest and election. Conferences were Ireld between those responsible for the bringing forward of these men, and just before the hour of election an understanding was reached, a kind of an armistice between the friends of Brown and Clark, namely. Captain Brown's name was to be presented for Lieutenant Colonel and be supported after the first ballot (if no choice) by Captain L. D. Clark and his friends, and in case of Brown's election as Lieutenant Colonel, then Captain Clark was to be presented for Major and be supported by Captain Brown's friends, also allowing Captain Clark to suggest the selection of Adjutant for the Regiment. Captain Coburn was not a party to this plan of procedure nor was Captani Munson. The officers of the line agreeable to the notice sent them, assembled in the town hall for the purpose of election of Field officers and organization of a regiment. Those who were to do the voting and make the selections were comparatively strangers to each other, and had not since their arrival at Mont- pelier had opportunity to confer and ascertain preferences for the several positions, sufficient to form any particular judgment, how to act in the business then at hand. The calling of the meeting to order was deferred ff)r some time, that the officers who had met for the first time might be introduced to each other, become acquainted, talk over the question of election of officers and size up the situation before entering upon so important a duty as election of Field Officers. General Jackman of Norwich Lniversity had been authorized by Adjutant and Inspector General Peter T. Washburn to preside at the meeting called for the organization of the regiment and after reasonable delay called the meeting to order, read the call, and stated why present and what for, expressed apprecia- tion for the honor conferred on him and congratulated the officers present upon their good looks and appearance, their zeal and devotion and the importance of brave men and valiant leaders and the urgent demand for such at the front, and then announced he was ready to proceed with the election and said "Prepare your ballots for some one to serve as Colonel." The only name presented was that of Francis Voltaire Randall, and he was declared unanimously elected as Colonel, and enthusiastically endorsed by all present (and the hall was full) by cheers, clapping of hands, waving of banners and handkerchiefs. They were then requested to prepare and forward their ballots for some one to serve as Lieutenant Colonel. To the surprise of many the name of Captain Andrew C. Brown was presented, also Captain Lawrence D. Clark, Captain William D. Munson and Captain Lewis L. Coburn, which ballot resulted in no choice, but with Captain Brown in the lead. On the second ballot Captain Brown received a very complimentary majority, and was declared duly elected Lieu- tenant Colonel, and on this announcement a spontaneous acclaim filled the hall as evidence of hearty endorsement by the friends of Captain Brown in his home town. Next in order came the announcement to prepare and forward ballots for some one to serve as Major. Everybody now knew about and had seen Captain Lawrence D. Clark, and when the ballots had been counted. Captain Clark was proclaimed unanimously elected Major of the regiment, and the paeans of appro- bation that rang out were indeed a very flattering compliment to this grand old CHAPLAIN KKV. JUSICI'II SAKC.ICA.VT. 1862. The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 41 man. (An historic reference to Major Clark may not be out of place at this time.) Major Clark's commission as Captain of Company A First Regiment Vermont Volunteers was dated July 30th, 1859, as Captain of the Green Moun- tain Guards of Swanton, which company was given the right of the regiment, and therefore letter A and his commission antedated that of any other volunteer officer that served from the State of Vermont in the war 1861-1865. His com- pany (the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton) was the first tendered to Governor Fairbanks as ready for service under President Lincoln's first call for 75,000 men. He was the oldest officer and soldier in the first Vermont Regiment. He was also the oldest Field Officer (with one possible exception) commissioned, who served in any military organization from Vermont during the war of the Rebellion. Captain L. D. Clark's Green Mountain Guards were well drilled, equipped and prepared and ready to go when the news of firing on Fort Sumter aroused the nation and the world, and because of his prompt action in tendering the service of this company to the Governor (which was accepted) belongs the honor of being the first in the State enrolled for the suppression of the Rebellion. The officers of the Field being elected, General Jackman declared the Thirteenth Regiment of \'ermont Volunteers duly organized and ready to com- mence business. And thus quite auspiciously began the important and thrilling history of this regiment. Under the rules and regulations only the elective officers of the companies designated, were permitted to take part in the organization. Many besides officers however were present and deeply interested, some of whom were in- fluential in the aiTairs of the State that advised and otherwise assisted in the selection of the officers of the Field and Stafl:', having in view the best possible efficiency of the regiment when in the field. The next in order to complete the organization was the appointment of the commissioned and non-commissioned staff which was quickly and harmoniously accomplished, for these positions had been quite thoroughly canvassed and agreed upon prior to the election of the officers of the Field, and this statement in part accounts for official favors in the Field awarded Company K. After the announcement of the appointments came speeches by Colonel Randall, Lieutenant Colonel Brown, Major Clark and others, all of which were appropriate to the occasion and well received. None, however, were more eloquent and patriotic and aroused greater en- thusiasm and emotion than the earnest and thrilling words of Major Clark. Several orders were read and notices given as to future action of the companies, and the regiment, the probable time and place of rendezvous, muster in to U. S. service, date of leaving the State and the probable destination as Washington, D. C. The meeting adjourned and the first day's history of the regiment as such was made, and the future only would reveal how wisely the work had been done. AX\ present who were in any way interested expressed satisfaction in the selections made and congratulated the officers of the line in the choice of their Colonel and assured them that no better man for the place could have been found in the State of Vermont. CHAPLAIN REV. KDWAKn IIKRHERT RANDAF.!.. 1863. The Thivtccntli Regiment J'eniiont J'ohtntecrs. 43 The officers returned to their companies to report, and prepare their com- mands for concentration at Brattleboro to be uniformed and mustered into the U. S. service, with instructions to keep their several companies well in hand for the news of the War Department urging haste would likely necessitate an order of twenty-four hours notice to make ready to start for such place as might be designated by the Governor for final preparation and inspection before muster- ing into service and leaving the State. Because of promotions of Captain Andrew C. Brown to Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain L. D. Clark as Major, elections were ordered in these two com- panies, Montpelier and Highgate to fill the vacancies. This was attended to as soon as the boys could be notified. It was generally expected the First Lieutenants of these companies would be advanced to the positions of Captain, and it was conceded that such a course was in line of military precedent, but it must be borne in mind that the boys who had taken part in previous elections and were again to have a chance to vote had no care about any military rule or action, and proposed to do just what pleased them best. Some had been disappointed in the first election, and now as there was another chance were quite determined to make an effort to elect their choice regardless of rule or precedent. The Montpelier company either because they wanted to advance the First Lieutenant, or persuaded it was their duty to conform to military rule, had no contention and with harmony and best of feeling advanced Lieutenant Thatcher to the position of Captain, and this was agreeable with the understanding entered into on the day of the regimental organization. But the Highgate Company whose position must be changed on account of Captain L. D. Clark's promotion and a new election of Captain, were in no mood to brook any interference or dictation from any source or be influenced by any rule as to who should next be chosen their Captain. They were thankful for Captain Clark's promotion and yet were sorry to lose their revered and highly respected Captain, having great confidence in his ability and bravery. Major Clark had been delegated to preside over the election to fill the vacancy, and notices were sent out and the boys were summoned to appear at Frank Johnson's old hotel in Highgate at nine o'clock, September 27th, to elect another Captain. There had been, since the news reached the boys of Captain Clark's promotion, considerable activity and a good deal of interest among them, as to who should be now elected Captain. Disappointed ones at the first election were the most active, buried the hatchet and united their efforts and quietly arrayed themselves against the idea of regular promotion, but were not able to harmonize on a candidate. All the talk on the line that the company was now a part of and had been organized with others into a regiment, and should respect military rule, had no effect, for the boys were still in Highgate, and so far as choosing another Captain to lead them, were a law unto themselves, and were determuied to do just what suited them best. Everyone was present on the hour, except Major Clark who was to preside, and for him, all patiently waited, but in the meantime the boys were busy arranging for the contest, were quite careful to whom they made known their plans. The air was full of rumors, and the author for one tried his best to find CHAPLAIN REV. KDWARD HERBERT RANDALL. 1906. The Thiiicciitli Regiment Vermont J'olunteers. 45 out what the programme was, but being one of Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown's friends and in favor of his promotion, could obtain no reliable information. I thought at the time (and never have had occasion to change my opinion) that Major Clark was influenced to delay the hour of voting until certain aspirants whose plans he favored were ready. Notice was finally given by Orderly Sergeant S. S. jMorey to forward ballots for some one to serve as Captain. Several were voted for on first ballot, result- ing in no choice, but on the second ballot Third Sergeant George G. Blake received a good majority and was declared by Major Clark as duly elected Captain of Company K. As soon as the officers returned from Montpelier where they had been in attendance of election of Regimental officers, they said the situation demanded great haste to go into camp at Brattleboro for medical examination, muster in, to be uniformed, equipped, paid and fully made ready before leaving the State for Washington. Everything was now hurly burly, furloughs not to be extended more than 24 hours, and assured all that they must be near at hand for liable to receive marching orders any moment. The officers too were arranging their business affairs, htirrying up the tailors, for not a few were yet without uniforms, and of course all w-ere anxious to appear in their bran new blue broadcloth miiforms with gilded buttons and soldier straps that dazzled the eye and appealed here and there to the vanity and pride of the wearers. Orders were issued from headquarters to all the companies to report at Brattleboro on the 29th of September prepared to leave the State, for the seat of war. The several companies on September 29th took the cars at convenient stations on the Central Vermont Railroad line, Companies K and G from Franklin and Grand Isle counties at Swanton and St. Albans in the early morning, and so along from place to place until all were on their way down the Connecticut Valley to Brattleboro. Arriving late in the afternoon marching from the depot, in companies over to Camp Lincoln, situated about a mile southwest of the village all tired and hungry, ^^"e were assigned to quarters in long, narrow, low, new wooden buildings prepared for the purpose and were informed that while in Brattleboro here would be our homes. We found the Twelfth Regiment already there having arrived some few days ahead of us, and on guard duty about the camp, and on inquiry Were told that Colonel E. H. Stoughton of the Fourth Vermont was commandant of Camp Lincoln (the same who for a few felicitous days was our doughty Brigadier General and captured at Fairfax Court House, Virginia.) The barracks were 74 by 22 feet, each designed for one company of 100 men, doors at each end, a narrow hall through from end to end and on either side bunks built about 4 by 6 feet, two stories high, each calculated for two persons, and made out of boards, simply a box six inches deep nailed up to posts, just space enough between for one at a time to pass and climb over in and when in, must lie down, no room to sit up for would hit their heads on the bottom of the bunk above, or the roof overhead. Some had straw for their bunks and others none. Likely this was the first experience of any of the regiment sleeping on bare boards, quite a change from feather beds and white linen, home-made \ ' •VHP! \ ASSr. SURG. JOHN IJ. CRAXDALL. 1902. The Thirteenth Kcgiincnf reniiont roliiiitccrs. 47 quilts and blankets in a cozy little bed-room at home. Some found fault, others stoically submitted thinking these might be palaces in comparison to what we must soon be contented with. We had been from early morning on the way, and most of us were making inquiries for supper, (we had not been taught to say rations) and could see no reason for so much delay. We were soon marched over to a long, low wooden building with stationary tables running through, benches for seats and into these all pushed rapidly along jostling each other, anxious for something, anything to eat. Of course it was known we were on the way and would be there for supper, and extra preparations likely had been made to give us an appetizing and a bountiful spread. Tin plates and cups, iron knives and forks and spoons adorned the bare tables that we sat down to and soft bread and cold beef and poor coffee was the meal. No bread and butter with strawberry preserves, doughnuts and cheese, pie and cakes, hot biscuit and honey, jelly tarts, tea and coffee with cream any where to be seen. The familiar custard pie and twisted doughnuts we sought did not appear, only in imagination. Some of the boys did not seem to relish the supper nor the general sur- roundings. No one felt inclined to offer a blessing and silently and sullenly the boys ate becavise hungry, and returned to their sleeping barracks for the night. This was the first supper in Camp Lincoln. All were too tired for running about and preparations for sleep must be made. The night was cool and no straw for a bed nor blankets for covering, made the proespect for sleep very discouraging. A few found straw for their beds and all tried hard to sleep with clothing all on, and some had small parcels in which they had brought a few extra articles, woolen shirts, etc., that served for pillows. It was soon dark, but few candles or lanterns to be had. The boys had to select bunk mates, choose bunks, etc., before crawling in for the night. Orderly Sergeant Morey called the roll of Company K, and orderly Sergeants of the other companies did the same, but the answers that came showed the boys to be in a bad temper and not inclined to be obedient and respectful. No one paid much attention to the order of "No talking." The night was not quiet, nor dreams pleasant, bare boards for feather beds were disappointing, and up and down the barrack hall on either side all the night long the boys were turning over from one side to the other to change positions, and the curses and imprecations that some uttered showed on what they were sleeping, and how they were covered. Some in their mid-night efforts attempted to sit up for a rest and change, but in so doing hit their heads against the bunk above, or the timber and roof overhead. The night was long, the wind whistled through the cracks, and there was commotion all about, some were taken sud- denly sick and hurried out into the black darkness seeking what they could and did not find. No one had thought to inquire nor had information and direction been given, and the situation demanded immediate attention. Daylight, to the relief of all. finally came and we crawled out with sore backs and sides, aching heads, shaking with cold, and this was our first night in camp as a regiment. The officers" quarters were more comfortable, and many now began to realize that privates were not officers, and the straps on the shoulders com- HOSPITAL STEWARD CHARLES P. Til AVER. 1906. At Camp [.inrolii, Brattlcboro, rcnitonf. 49 maiided attention, and not the fellows who wore them. Lackeys white and black were seen every where fawning with patronizing attention to officers, think- ing only of the scrip and green backs that some in their vain pride and prodigality foolishly gave them for the most trifling and silly attention. September 30th opened with lowering clouds, drizzling rain, and a dense fog and it was cold. The boys ran up and down the hall to limber up their stiffened limbs and to warm their bodies, whooping and jumping like wild Indians, caring but little for appearance and utterances, evidently were shaking oft' refinements of civil life and working up courage for deadly strife. A few went out but soon returned saying, "No place to wash, brush up and get ready for breakfast." One fellow said he was told a brook ran through the camp just over beyond the cook house, and another suggested that it was not far to the Connecticut River, and another said we would find water with which to wash our hands and faces (and surely they needed it) near the barracks where we were to go for our breakfast. We fotind water, but no soap or towels, and only now and then one who had soap and towels that a thoughful mother had hurriedly tucked into the satchel as he left home for Brattleboro. Some washed and others waited for a more convenient time and place, but all fell in when the Sergeants gave the word and hurried across the field for breakfast. There were now two regiments in camp, the Twelfth and Thirteenth, and all could not be seated at once, not sufficient table room, and some must wait, and therefore there was strife among the companies as to who should be first fed ; and on the first morning in camp the Thirteenth Vermont demonstrated its alertness, and were the first at the regimental hotel ready for rations of soft bread and coffee, Jim Hagan, of Company K, who sat near by, called for flap jacks, nut cakes and mince pies and w-as disappointed when informed that it was not on the soldier's bill of fare. The bread was good, and coft'ee hot, and better than the evening before, and there was plent)'. Our coming appetites were satisfied and we returned to quarters feeling better and quite happy and contented. We w-ere told not to undertake to pass the guards without written permits from our Captain, but to remain near by our barracks, as we w'ere liable to be called for at any hour. This was per- mission to go about and look over camp, but not to stray far away. On this first day in camp most of the time was given over to looking about the place within camp, mingling with the .several companies of our regiment, that we might become acquainted and to see wdio, of our acquaintances, if any, were in the regiment, and nearly all were particularly interested in the parade ground, the orderly way the camp w-as laid out, the guard about it, and how the boys of the Twelfth performed their duties for it was known that we soon would be called to like duty, and the boys were anxious to learn so as to be prepared when called u])on. The weather was not pleasant, and many remained in the barracks arranging the immediate surroundings of their bunks, stopping up the crevices to keep out wind, rain and cold, bringing straw for beds, securing stoves, etc., procuring blankets and otherwise making things tidy and comfortable. Quite a few of the more curious and restless secured passes and went over to the village stopping on their way to look over the village cemetery. During HOSPITAL sr:;\\AKn ciiari.ks p. tii\>i;r. 1868. HOSPITAL STLWAKD K U K H M A X lUXIlY. 1864. Q. M. SLCRC.KANT iWY SMITH. 1863. M. SLRi'.KAXT CUV SMITH. 1906. At Caiiih Lincoln, Brattlcboro. J'eniioiit. 51 the afternoon, the cloiuls 1)roke and cleared a\va_v. and everything appeared more pleasant in and about camp, and as we looked to the south and west the wooded hills and mountains beyond and the beautiful and thriving village with its white painted houses on the high banks of the broad Connecticut River on its way to the sea made an attractive picttire, and commanded for the moment our admira- tion. \\'e could see that this was a beautiful location, and well adapted for a military camp for equipment of regiments on their way to engage in the struggles being waged in the vicinity of the capital city Washington. Officers were busy, moving rapidly from place to place in making due and necessary preparation for comfort and protection from the inclemency of the season, to distribute blankets and guns, straps, etc., to be ready for drill, guard duty and dress parade, medical examination and inspection, and a thousand and one little details necessary to bring order into the ranks of this regiment of raw recruits. The scene in camp was lively and unique, and the hours of the first day passed swiftly by. Late in the afternoon orders came to get ready for regimental parade, and soon we heard the bugle call and then the fife and drum, and the way we went and gathered for the first time on the parade ground as a regiment eager to learn the cause for which we were called out. Under the animation of martial music, the boys moved in good step and form, and came up into line under direction of the officers of the Field and Stafif in good style, the companies vying with each other to do their best and secure attention, and the approbation of our esteemel Colonel. They were indeed a fine looking body of young men, and of as good material as ever entered the army from Vermont. The boys did not look much like soldiers, for none but officers appeared in uniforms. When all in place and in line, some general orders were read by Adjutant Whitney, and Colonel Randall spoke briefly expressing his pride and satisfaction for their manly conduct and appearance, and the progress made in military tactics in preparation for active service, that our stay in Brattleboro would be short and cautioned all about doing anything that would in any manner disgrace themselves or reflect on the moral standing and honor of the regiment. The day had been replete with many an amusing episode, but nothing serious. The rations for this day were about the same, only potatoes added, but no milk gravy or cream, and the boys ate in silence thinking of home, and at the close of the day much had been accomplished towards arranging for comfort and convenience and also for duty. The boys were rested and quite reconciled to the surroundings and were now determined to make the best of the situation. and were quite content and happy and ready and willing at the sound of tattoo to turn in for the night. On the morning of October ist, the camp was alive early, though cold and rainy, the boys were up and out much refreshed by sound sleep and quiet rest, and evidently now ready for fun or duty, it mattered not which. Springfield rifles were given out to the regiment during the day, and when it did not rain, there was company and squad drill in the forenoon and battalion drill in the afternoon. The boys had to be told how to carry their guns, though most were quite familiar with the old shot guns that hung on the wall, at home, with which, as boys, they had hunted and killed sc|uirrels. skunks, woodchucks. etc.. and some SITTING. Lieut. Cdl. P)ro\vii. Col. Randall, IMajor CUirk. STANDING. v^urg. Nichols. Adjt. Peck. O. M. Taylor. .If Caiiil^ Lincoln, Brattlcboro. J'crmont. '^2) of the Montgomery, H\-de Park, Stowe, Waitsfield and IJerlin boys had hunted and slain wildcats, panthers and bears. None, however, had had drill in the manual of arms, except a few who had served in the First Vermont Regiment. Spring- field ribes were heavier and different, and had bayonets attached that were dangerous in the hands of a raw recruit, and much caution and careful instruc- tion required in handling these rifles. In most every company there was an officer or private that had seen a little service, and they were generally the instructors, although I believe there were some in camp that had been sent to this post for the purpose of giving the necessary instructions in handling the guns and other duties. Occasionally some one was accidentally pricked with the bayonet during our first drills, but not seriously. While we were in this camp most every day there were pressing demands for passes to visit the village, insane asylum, organ manufacturing establishment and other places; these were the reasons given, but not always the correct ones, and the highway between camp and village was alive with teams and footmen from early morning till late at night. Twenty passes a day granted from each company were given out with permission to be absent two hours, some returned on time and others forgot and had a plausible excuse, and thus the days and nights were spent with little variation while in Camp Lincoln. The first three or four days were foggy, cold and rainy and many remained inside reading the news from the front, writing letters home, and the officers, especially of the Line were hard at work to qualify themselves for duty, for as a matter of fact they were as green and awkward as the rank and file. We took our rations only three or four days at the regimental hotel, which was run by some enterprising Yankee as reported, for the money there was in it, and the boys soon tired of the same bill of fare and clamored for the privilege of cooking their coffee, pork and beans by companies, and it was so arranged. Each company detailed cooks, utensils were furnished, rations of fresh beef, sugar, rice, beans, tea and coffee, salt pork and soft bread, salt, pepper, vinegar, and all in abundance were parceled out to the custody of the cooks, and this proved a desirable change. It was more homelike and independent. Every- thing was pretty well cooked, and we had plenty and all seemed better pleased and each company ate by itself, and all went well. The rations and duties of each day were much the same, company drill forenoon, battalion drill and dress parade in the afternoon and guard duty when called. Our camp was thronged with visitors from all parts of the State of high and low degree, beautiful women and red cheeked girls and their anxious faces revealed the cause of their presence, doting mothers and loving brides were there to make the farewell visit and say good bye, and some too, had come from distant homes that the nuptial agreement might be solemnized by the sacred rites of church before it was too late. I recall to mind two instances of this kind. Sergeant Edwin H. Reed of Company E, a schoolmate of the writer at Bakersfield Academy who had become engaged to a young lady by the name of Miss Sarah Williams of Bakersfield before he enlisted, and true to his vows wrote her to come to Brattleboro to be CAMP Vi:RMn\T, \i:\i; \ 1. 1; \ \ \ 1 )IO \. \\.. I'imj. THE OLD SPUING, CAMP VERMOXT, I9O4. .It Ciiiiip Liiiciilii. BrattU'lutro. I'cnnont. 55 married if she wished it so. Miss WilHams came and they were married only two or three days before our departure for Washington. Captain Merrit Wilhams of Company G was her brother. I knew them well and cannot forget the scene at the depot as this young bride of a few happy hours was ruthlessly and suddenly separated from her loving husband. The parting was affectionate and very sad. Her brave young soldier boy husband she never saw again. He died at Camp Vermont, December 12th, 1862. There were other instances but none so sad. I recall one that occurred in Company K, the company to which I belonged, DeForest W. Hatch who had become engaged to a Miss Vaughn, she followed him to Brattleboro and they were there married on the same day that we left for Washington, and only a few hours before we left the State. This marriage was sudden and no ti'mc for nuptial celebration. The bridegroom started south for Washington with his regiment, and the bride north for home, and all was well. The next day, October 4th, was a very busy one in camp, the Twelfth regiment was to be inspected by Governor Holbrook, Adjutant General W'ash- burn, O. M. General Davis, and Colonel Stoughton, commandant of the Post. This review and inspection, the Thirteenth boys were given permission to see, for it would soon be their turn to pass through a similar inspection. It was a beautiful and impressing sight, 1,000 men all in uniform, flags fluttering in tne breeze, horses caparisoned in gaudy colors, riders dressed as became their rank and station, made a grand and attractive moving picture as it passed in review. We had never seen anything like it before. Our camp was filled with dis- tinguished visitors from over the State, who had come to see their friends and acquaintances in these regiments before their departure to Washington. Our first Sunday in camp Lincoln we foimd was not a day of rest, for in- spection we must prepare for with care. Gun, straps, clothing, face and hands all must be neat and clean, comb and brush must be used,_ everything trim and tidy. The inspection of arms in the forenoon and divine service in the afternoon. The regiment was formed into a hollow square, and addressed by the Chaplain from the center, who reminded us that life was fleeting and admonished us to be prepared, for no one could tell the hour that would be our last, and likely some there present who would never see home and friends again. These statements were literally true and yet not consoling and encouraging in these early days of our service. The inspection and divine service and other duties made it the busiest day of all. Each day's drill made the Thirteenth more soldierly in appearance and proficient in military tactics, and all were proud of the progress made. A large detail of carpenters and joiners were made to assist in completing and building the barracks for the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth regiments soon to arrive, and the Fourteenth was on their way and would arrive during the day which would make three full regiments in camp, with only sufficient accommo- dation for two. Our regiment met the Fourteenth at the depot and escorted them over to camp with drum and fife, to the music of the "Girl I left behind me," which brought tears to the eyes not yet dry from the home parting of the morning. ruKI LVoX NEAR ALEXANDRIA, VA., 1904. IIorSE WHEKi; r.Rir,. general KOWIN H. STOUGHTON was CAPTtRED MARCH 9. 1863, FAIREAX COIRT HorsE. \A. At Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro, I'crniont. 57 It was long after dark before they reached Brattleboro, and they were tired, hungry and sad. The next morning after the arrival of the Fourteenth in addition to the usual orders of the day, were two others, one for medical examination, and to escort the Twelfth Regiment to the depot on their way to Washington. We had been examined once by physicians, and pronounced sound, and some of us could see no good reason for further examination, and were inclined to object, but it made no difference, for the U. S. Surgeons were the physicians who were to look tis over this time and some of the boys trembled for fear they might yet be thrown out. We were marched by companies to a commodious hall on the camp ground, one of the many new buildings recently built, and about fifty at a time were admitted and the doors shut, and then we were told to remove all our clothing as quick as possible and stand in a line up and down the hall. This was a new deal that we had not been told of, and some demurred, but no use, strip we must and so we did, and when we were all lined up in a row we hardly knew ourselves and especially each other. Though there were two surgeons we thought them very slow, the room was cold and no fire and we were growing chilly. This examination was critical and reminded me of the careful and scrutinizing, examination of the horse buyer when about to purchase a valuable animal for market. Eyes, ears, teeth, arms, thumbs and fingers, legs, feet and toes and required to go through various motions with hands, run and jump over a common empty flour barrel laid down on the floor, and many similar antics, nothing escaped their attention. If symptoms of hernia of any kind appeared, their fingers would press hard on the spot. It was a very unceremonious procedure, but necessary, for no use of taking one who could not stand the life of a soldier. This was the manner of Company K"s examination, and I assume the rest of the regiment fared just as well. The boys' teeth chattered and they shivered with cold long before the surgeons finished their scrutinizing task, but the running and jumping warmed them up and none took cold. None of Company K was thrown out, nor of the regiment to my knowledge. Corporal H. P. Bullard had a defective eye, and Cadmus S. Gates was not a good high jumper. The eye of Corporal Bullard they did not see and comrade Gates' sprawling jump lighting on the barrel and his ride on it almost across the hall, so amused the surgeons that they said '"You are all right." As a matter of course this examination took place before the distribution of clothing, etc. The rank and file only were required to undergo this final test before being mustered into the U. S. army . The general appearance in and about camp. Colonel Randall moving from place to place, and his frequent conferences with the officers — everything indicated urgent preparation to be ready to leave Brattleboro on an early date for Wash- ington. On October 8th, uniforms were given out to each company, each soldier one pair of trousers, one dress coat, a blouse coat, overcoat, cap and shoes if needed, socks, woolen shirts and cotton drawers. This was a slow job, for not all of the same size and must guess and then try on, and after beine fitted •niK iiLn JAIL, Fairfax rm/RT ihh-sf, va. 1904. COURT HOUSE SQUARE AND At Caiiil' Lincoln. Brattlcboro, Vcnnont. 59. must sign a receipt for whatever taken, and the same was charged up in account to be deducted from regular pay, if clothing and blankets exceeded a certain amount, and we were so informed. This was a wise provision and made the boys more careful with the clothing, etc., furnished by the Government. The clothing was all of good material, all wool and very well made and warm and comfortable, and when care was taken in the selection, fitted very well the averaged sized boy or man. Some were very tall and others very short, some were large, broad shoulders, long arms and legs, and some very corpulent, and to secure good fits for such was found to be quite impossible. The Government did not have in mind the stalwart Yankee boys of the Green Mountain State when giving out the contract for the manufacture of army clothing, for a number could not find dress coats large enough nor trousers long enough. It was a beautiful day and the boys now were less modest since the medical examination, and were taking ofif their civil garb and donning the blue any where that suited their convenience best, inside or outside of barracks, regardless of those passing to and fro (there were no females permitted in this part of our camp at this time, and if one chanced to be riding near by, the boys scampered for cover.) At dress parade this night for the first time the regiment appeared in uni- forms, and the appearance of all were much improved, and the boys were pleased to know that they too were dressed in blue with glistening brass buttons on cap, sleeve and breast. Colonel Randall as he stood in front looking from right to left, up and down the line facing his boys for the first time neatly dressed in new uniforms taking in the living picture before him, was the most interested and proudest man of all. He responded to the salutation of the regiment with an uncovered head and the wave of the hand, but said not a word, and as he turned to go, took from his pocket a handkerchief and wiped away the fast falling tears. He had seen service in the deadly swamps along the Chickahominy, in the battles of First Bull Run, Lees Mills, Williamsburg, Golding's Farm, Savage Station and White Oak Swamp, and realized keenly that in all human probability many of the brave boys before him would die in hospitals or fall in battle and could not conceal the emotions that controlled his kind and manly heart. On the following day gun straps, knapsacks, haversacks, tin cups and canteens, waist and shoulder belts and straps were given out and orders to pack knapsacks and appear in dress coats, knapsacks on, for inspection and review by Governor Holbrook, Adjutant General Washburn and their staffs. The packing of a knapsack properly, required both skill and taste, and only now and then one among us that had had experience, and on these we had to depend for instruction and assistance. To pack a knapsack in good style, roll up blanket and overcoat and strap them on top of your knapsack, and have it compact in good shape, neat and trim, requires practice and our first efforts were bungling jobs, and our appearance on the march and drill thus equipped and loaded down was attended with many ludicrous, awkward and amusing incidents, and it was the first time, thus equipped, and more we were now passing in At Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro. I'cnnoiit. 6i review bt-furt- tlie Governor and his staff, and aids and officers of tiie other regiments and many others who had gathered to witness the mihtary display. Colonel Randall fonnd not a word of fault, but ]iraised us for doing so well, remarking we would likely do better next time. The Governor con- gratulated us on our fine appearance and hoped to hear of brave conduct and an honorable record in the field. Orders were read at dress parade on this day for muster into U. S. service on the next day, and all must be present at their company barracks ready when called, no passes to be issued until after muster in, also notice was given that as soon as mustered in the amount due each as State pay would be at once paid over unless assigned or some other disposition made of it. This had been a very busy day, many of the boys had made arrangement for having their pictures taken as soon as uniformed and were anxious to secure passes out for that purpose, and many secured passes and had their pictures taken before leaving Brattleboro, and sent them home, that their fathers, mothers, sisters and sweethearts might see them in soldier dress. October loth was like an Indian Summer day, warm and still, an ideal day for the business at hand. The Thirteenth Regiment was early astir and up and making preparations for muster into U. S. service. The several companies were called out, carefully looked over and counted, and ordered to wait in position of rest for the mustering officer. Each com- pany remained near its headquarters, and the several companies were to be mustered in separately. Major Austin, the mustering ofificer, accompanied by Colonel Randall and Adjutant \Miitney passed from Company to Company and on being presented to the Captains by Colonel Randall, made the inquiry in each case if all was ready, and being informed they were, proceeded to read the oath of allegiance to serve their Government as soldiers for the full term of nine months, and each with his right hand raised heavenward solemnly promised he would. The officers of the Field and Staf? took the oath at head(|uarters. A few of the regiment, who were absent, took the oath as soon as they returned. The several companies as soon as mustered in were marched to a nearby building where, each giving his name and being vouched for by the Captain, was given their State pay then due, unless it had been assigned or some other disposition made of it, also Selectmen from towns who had promised bounties were present at this time and paid as they had agreed. All this business was expeditiously accomplished, and the boys were now full iledged soldiers, ready and anxious to join the army and that of the Potomac, because to that belonged the First Vermont Brigade in which were many relatives and friends. The regiment was notified to make due preparation for leaving cam"' on the next day. The several companies, through their officers, were ordered to pack knap- sacks, provide themselves with two days' rations from the cook tents, and be ready to march to the depot and take the cars for New Haven, Conn., by ten o'clock in the forenoon the following day. Only a trusted few now secured passes out of camp, after muster in, not because apprehensive that any would desert, but to avoid delay and confusion. At Camp Luiroln, Brattlcboro, I'crinont. 63 Tlie boys delegated some of their officers commissioned and non-commis- sioned to take mone\', clothing and other personal belongings to the express office, to be sent home, and in the evening, wrote their farewell letters from Camp Lincoln. The Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth had now arrived and the guard and other duties were to remain in their hands. The Thirteenth had been released from guard, police, and special detail for a number of days on account of medical examination, drawing of clothing, inspection, muster in, and being paid off and other details preparatory for leaving camp. The day of our departure had been publicly announced and many of the relatives and friends of the boys of the Thirteenth hastened to Brattleboro and were now present to speak words of advise and encouragement and with hand to hand and heart to heart say good-by. October iith was our last day in camp and in the State, before leaving for Washington. The regiment was up early and breakfast was ready and served before the usual hour. The company cooks had been busy all night making ready the two days rations the boys were to store in their haversacks for the trip. The whole camp was an animated and busy place long before the hour fixed for leaving. Many citizens from the village and from up the State were in camp through the forenoon, though cold and damp and looked like rain, but no one seemed to care for weather. The majority of those who came, found their way to the location of the Thirteenth Regiment where the boys, some had come so far to see, were anxiously waiting their arrival. All were ready to leave as soon as the call of bugle and fife and drum gave the order, "fall in" ; knapsacks and guns all ready to put on were in the barracks, but until notice given were permitted to freely mingle with friends that had come. There were quite a number now donned in blue here and there to be seen, affectionately holding the trembling hand of a sweet faced pretty girl of sixteen or twenty summers whose cheeks blushed in changing colors as she, with eyes cast down, listened to the renewed vows of abiding love and promised marriage on return. Some were brides of a day shedding tears of sorrow because so soon to part, and as they feared forever, and could not be comforted. Mothers too, so kind and true would throw their arms around the neck of an only son and impart the accustomed kiss as if it was the last and in many cases it was. These were frequent scenes on that day of parting, and none were ashamed or tried to hide and conceal their emotions and demonstration of affection. The sound of bugle, fife and drum suddenly changed the scene and there was hurrying to and fro, and orders "Fall in, Fall in", and every one made haste to shoulder knapsack and gun and get into line, and soon were keeping step to the stirring strains of martial music as they moved from Camp Lincoln through the village to the Railroad Station to take the cars and begin their journey to Washington. The cars were late, and here we waited until late in the afternoon. ]\Jany followed and gathered around to wait our departure. The whole town turned out, old and young, boys and girls in recognition of their appreciation of and sympathy with the purposes that we had volunteered to On the Way to U'asliiiu/ton, D. C. 65 vindicate and uphold until all were on board and packed away to the full capacity of each car. It was a long line of cars up and down the track, two engines attached wait- ing the signal to start. On either side of the long train from end to end stood the citizens of Brattleboro, Gov. Holbrook and Staflf, the escort from Camp Lincoln, and our relatives and friends soon to return home and all busy in earnest conversation, handkerchiefs in hand ready to wave the last good-by. Colonels Randall and Brown passed up and down on both sides of the train to see if everything was in readiness to move on. Our Colonel ever vigilant for the comfort and welfare of his boys had ere this commanded our love and respect and him we cheered as he passed to and fro. In him our confidence we felt was not misplaced, nor did we believe it would ever be shaken. Colonel Randall when fully satisfied all was ready, walked up to the Governor, saluted and reported. They clasped hands, and then the Colonel waved his hand to the Conductor, the whistle blew, the cars moved and then the cheers loud and long from the assembled multitude filled the air and resounded up and down the valley. The waving of hands and handker- chiefs seemed the spontaneous action of all, and as far as we could see, the white handkerchiefs were still fluttering in the breeze as we passed down the valley out of sight on our way to New Haven. The last tokens of high regard, love and devotion that animated their bosoms was fully expressed by their cheers and waving of hands and handkerchiefs. These demonstrations more fully awakened the manhood within us, and all were inspired with the confidence imposed, and each mentally promised then and there to do his utmost in the struggle for the preservation of the Union. What shall be said of these smooth faced youthful intelligent looking boys of this regiment leaving home and their beloved State for the first time, now on their way to fight for home, flag and country. This regiment was recruited during the darkest days of the Rebellion, im- mediately after General McClellan's disastrous campaign up the Peninsula to capture Richmond and General Pope's defeat at Second Bull Run, and flight and stampede over the plains of Manassas back to the protection of the guns and Forts around Washington. The perilous condition of the Union at this time appealed to the best man- hood and bravest hearts of our State, — a high standard of citizens, genuine patriots, noble and loyal, and in response to the recent urgent call of 300,000, only the bravest sons of the Green Mountain State, promptly and cheerfully, came forward and volunteered into the 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 regiments. The average age of the boys of the 13th was 23 years, sturdy sons of vigorous fathers and mothers who lived on the hills and in the valleys, the hamlets and villages of the State they loved and honored. Most of these boys were born and reared on the farms their fathers owned and tilled. Educated in the district schools and academies, a few in colleges, all were intelligent and fairly well prepared for the various walks and avocations of life. Some were merchants, others clerks, mechanics, artisans, teachers, students, a few full fledged lawyers, and partially matriculated physicians, and ministers of the Gospel, ardent, zealous, loyal, all inbued with exalted duty and On the Il'ay to U'ashiiuitoii. D. C. 67 honor of serving their country then assailed by designing traitors at home, and ambitious Governments from across the sea. The majority of each company were as well qualified in every respect for office as those that had already been commissioned, and some better, (subsequent service demonstrated the truthfulness of this statement.) They were inexperienced and raw in service, with little apprehension of the hardships and dangers of war. But bred in the bone from generation to genera- tion from a long line of noble ancestry that had been taught from the cradle to the grave to fear God, to love liberty, stand for the right and fight for home and country. Their forefathers were with General Allen at Ticonderoga and fought at Bennington and Plattsburg, and in other battles of glory and renown, indeed, many were direct descendants of Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, and inherited their love of ju.stice, patriotic devotion, indomitable courage and fear- less bravery. Of such were the boys of this regiment, and they could be depended upon to face danger wherever duty called, regardless of exposure. They believed their country had the first claim on their young manhood, even death on the battlefield, to preserve the Union and the life of the Republic. The reverses we had met before Richmond and at second Bull Run stimulated their loyalty and awakened their deep solicitude for the Nation. The unselfish devotion of these youthful patriots reflected pride and honor on the State that gave them birth. They had breathed the pure atmosphere of home and been moulded under the watchful care of loyal mothers, and morning and evening had listened to father's eloquent petitions to the Most High to be kept in the path that leads to immortal victory, and the earnest pleadings for freedom, happiness of home and direction of the affairs of the Nation. Of vices they had but few, but virtues many. A majority of these boys belonged to evangelical societies, and believed in the efficacy of prayer. Though some, from lack of proper training and because of unfortunate environments, were wild and careless, minds poisoned with impure thoughts and profane and vulgar speech, a loosening of the restraints of civil life dominated, and the new life of a soldier made them heedless of individual example and inconsiderate of the reputation of the regiment. They were with all, kind hearted and patriotic, zealous, honest and brave as any, but seemed to think because of present occupa- tion no occasion. to be careful, and particular about petty vices and good de- portment. Nearly all of these were good soldiers and made an honorable record. In a general way have I spoken of the officers of this regiment, and yet my apprecia- tion of them commands further mention. Colonel Randall was of undoubted ability as a lawyer, and in the affairs of civil life, an earnest, enthusiastic and honest man, energetic, always combining rare executive ability with great courage and singleness of purpose. As a military leader, Vermont furnished none better or more valiant. His anxious care was first and always the comfort and welfare of his regiment. He loved his boys as he called them, and they adored him. His general appearance and soldierly bearing was the pride of the regiment. All had implicit confidence in his honest purpose to do all within his power in the struggle for the preserva- I (- i ' ri&iaH ^^^^^E THE OLD MILL, OCCOQUAN, \A., 1863. Near Camp Widow ^'iolet. On the Il'ny to U'lisiiingtoii, D. C. 69 tion of the Union. His word was law, and accepted without a nnirmur. His example was an inspiration to courage, devotion and bravery, and all were ever rcadj- and willing to follow wherever he might lead. His great kind heart as quickly responded to the wants and solicitation of the lowliest in his regiment as to the highest in rank. He regarded each true soldier animated by the same high purpose that controlled him, and his regard for the soldiers of his regiment always depended upon the manner in which they performed their duties. The full measure of confidence and expectation of prowess and leadership, he most valiantly and courageously demonstrated on the great battlefield of Gettysburg, and there won for himself and regiment imperishable honor and renown. ^^'ere it not that more able ]jens have written of the officers of Field and Staff, would not pass on without contributing my feeble efforts in suitable mention of the part they took while in this regiment. The boys after leaving Brattleboro rode in silence for miles absorbed in thought of the past and future. The excitement of the last few days in Camp Lincoln at Brattleboro, the parting with friends and now leaving their State for the seat of war, produced a reaction, and faces, but a few hours before glowing with excitement, were now pale and thoughtful, hardl)' speaking to each other. \\'e soon crossed the boundary line and were in the State of Massachusetts, but this fact attracted no particular attention, and but few took interest in the panoramic view of tinted forests, green hills, moimtains, streams, beautiful hamlets and villages on either side of the swift rolling waters of the Connecticut as we moved rapidly along down the beautiful valley on our way to New Haven. We made brief stops at Vernon, Northfield, Deerfield and North Hamp- den, but no one was permitted to leave the cars at these places. We next arrived at the thriving villages of Holyoke and Chicopee. These villages were close together and hundreds of people thronged to the railroad station to see the Vermonters pass through. The boys were now rested and eager to see the new places and the long line of beautifully dressed girls with flags and handkerchiefs in hands on both sides of the cars singing patriotic songs and waving their banners in token of hearty welcome to their cities, as we slowly passed along, was indeed a sight such as we had never seen before, and we appreciated the patriotic attention. Our first stop when permitted to leave the cars was at the city of Spring- field, and here we remained for some twenty minutes or more. Our coming had been announced, and the city was out, factory girls and all, dressed and prepared to give us a cordial and hearty welcome. They cheered and sang and waved their tiny flags of stars and stripes as we slowly rolled into the station and extended their hands of welcome as we jumped from the cars as if we were old friends just returned. Their kind greetings, words of cheer and the bewitching smiles and en- chanting eyes that lighted up the pretty faces of red cheeked and well dressed lovely girls, so animated, cordial and solicitous for our comfort and happiness, and anxious for our future (and some I thought for our return), was indeed an appreciated oasis in our journey to the sea. -2rE- lOth V t. Vol. 13th \ t. \V,1. General Hancock wmmded and assisted from horse to the gnnmd ; see groii]:) of aides and horses. Flank attack of Gen. Stannard's Brigade, Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1S63, on Gen, Pickett's advancing columns. On tin- Way to irasliiin/ton. D. C. 71 Sandwiches and coffee, cake and fruit in abundance freely offered. Love's swift arrow pierced many a throbbing heart at first sight, a dangerous place long to linger at, for some might forget that they were on their way to take part in the struggle for the right and be tempted to remain behind, manhood and devotion only kept us on our way. We never forgot the grand and bounteous welcome of Springfield, and it was often the topic of discussion around camp fires during our time of service. The signal was sounded, clasped hands held fast until the last moment, and then with speaking eyes and rosy lips some (not all) sealed the parting salute. Many cast long lingering tokens of love and regret as the train passed from sight, and looked forward to promised letters from soldier heroes in the army and their return. Pretty faces and bewitching smiles had captured some of the hearts of Go's A and K. We soon reached Hartford. Conn., only a brief stop and on we went down the valley passing through Aliddletown and arriving at New Haven about eleven o'clock, tired and sleepy. We were required to remain in the cars until the boat for New York was ready, and a little after mid-night we marched on board the steamboat and were soon on our way to the metropolis of the United States, the great city that we knew of, but few had ever seen. This was the first experience of nearly all on the briny sea, and though pro- tected by Long Island, the waters were rough and some were sick. We arrived in the harbor of New York in the early gray of the morning and the great city with its harbor thronged with numerous ships, the flags of the world from masts and bars fluttered in the breeze and greeted our astonishing gaze, and we were entranced with wonder and amazement. It was a panoramic view, grand, picturesque and fascinating. The whole regiment were up and were spell-bound by the sight. We, after some delay, reached the dock on the Jersey Shore and were soon marching in the .streets of Jersey City, a place that none of us ever forgot. The morning was cold and breezy, thick dust filled the air. We marched and counter marched through streets and alleys for a long time, as it seemed to me, but finally halted in the street covered and blinded with Jersey dust, and were here informed that we were soon to be served with a hot breakfast, and this was welcome news for our haversacks contained nothing very tempting. We impatiently waited, for now we were hungry, though we had pork, cold beef and soft bread in our haversacks, preferred to wait for a warm breakfast with hot coffee, of which we had been assured. In course of an hour we discovered approaching, wagons loaded with large barrels. As they came near, one of the boys nearby remarked, "It must be, they are the fellows that gather up the morning swill of the city for the hogs", but when in front of our regiment they stopped, took oft' the heavy wooden covers of the barrels and with long handled dippers in hand announced, "Hot soup, boys, come right up and we will fill your tin cups with nice hot soup", and up many of us went and held up our cups to be filled, which were quickly and liberally supplied, but before eating we made some inspection. The appearance of the barrels and dippers and men in charge was not very inviting, the smell was oft'ensive and the looks too much like common swill, and the taste was MANSION HOUSE WHERE CHAPLAIN REV. JOSEPH SERGEANT DIED. CAMP CARUSI, VT. On the ll'ay to W'ash'uKjton, D. C. y^ unsavory, we had never seen or tasted anything Hke it before. It was liot, but what was it, we inquired of each other. It was porridge, a combination of vegetable and animal, so blended, cooked and mixed that none of us could make out what to call it, and for want of a better and more proper name called it Jersey Soup. It looked like a mixture of potatoes, sweet and Irish, rice, barley, peas and beans, calf, lamb and ram, pork and fish, cooked and cooked, warmed over again and again, evidently from the same barrels had been dipped da}' after day the supply for other troops passing through the city. Some ate of it sparingly, others disgusted threw it out on the ground saying it was no better than home made swill that filled the troughs of the pig sty at home. Most of us resorted to our haversacks and made our breakfast on cold beef and soft bread, and called it good, and we knew of what we ate. We waited a long time for the cars until about ten o'clock when we started on our way to Philadelphia, arriving in the Quaker City not far from two o'clock in the afternoon, and were here marched direct to the commodious building at the foot of Washington Street where all sat down to a fine, appetizing spread, and it was much enjoyed, and we long remembered this banquet dinner that we ate in Philadelphia, and the philanthropic and patriotic citizens that gave, and the beautiful and fine appearing ladies that prepared and waited on the tables. This eating house was supported by volunteer contributions and attended by the first ladies of the city. The refreshments and surroundings here were not much like the Jersey soup at Jersey City. For some reason we were delayed here until six o'clock in the afternoon, and finally were packed into freight cars to make the trip to Baltimore. These box cars had board seats, the road was rough and dangerous, but none found fatilt. \Miile waiting in Philadelphia, companies L and M of the First \'ermont Cavalry, which had recently been recruited in Vermont, passed through on their way to join their regiment, then just across Long Bridge between the cities of Washington and Alexandria. Some of these we knew and recognized, namely my uncle Josiah Sturtevant, C. H. McCarroll, Lieut. Willard Farrington, Lieut. Stewart Stranahan, Capt. Parsons, John W. Newton and others. The ride to Baltimore was cold, slow, hard, dark and dismal, some of us had not forgotten the attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in the streets of Baltimore on their way to Washington, April 19, 1861, and we knew that Balti- more was full of Rebel sympathizers, and the country arovnid was rife with rumors that General Lee \vas moving by way of Baltimore to capture Washing- ton, which made some of us quite uneasy and apprehensive, and some feared we might be attacked in Baltimore. We arrived in Baltimore about three o'clock in the morning. Engines detached and cars moved by horse power across the cit}-. This we thought very strange, but were informed that this course was adopted on account of danger and rumor of attack. We left the cars and marched with fixed bayonets in close order in wind and rain along the dismal, slippery streets to a large brick building and up a flight of winding stairs where we were served with soft bread and boiled ham and hot coft'ee. CAMP WIDHW \IOLET IN I9O4. On tin- Way to Washington, D. C. 75 We remained in Baltimore until mid-forenoon, before we commenced our journey to Washington. The train from Bahimore to Washington moved slowly and cautious, soldiers were^n guard along the railroad in some places, to guard against raids and surprise, the battles of second Bull Run, Crampton's Gap, South Mountain and Antietam were fresh in memory still. When within a few miles of Washington, Butterfield of Company K, whose head had been out most of the way night and day, cried out "Boys see there, that must be the capitol", every head was out and we for the first time saw that grand imposing building, a beautiful and magnificent structure of stone, iron, marble and glass. We arrived in Washington late in the afternoon and were placed in a build- ing called the Soldier's Retreat for the night, a large wooden building near the grand and imposing structure where were assembled the wisdom of the Nation devising ways and means to carry on the war. Hot coffee and chocolate was here furnished, and with the remaining contents of our haversacks we made out a fairly good supper, and then spread down our rubber blankets on the bare floor, knapsacks for pillows, overcoats and woolen blankets for a covering, laid down for rest and sleep, all in the same building. We were weary and had had but little sleep since leaving Brattleboro, and therefore were soon sound in sleep, oblivious of the tumult of moving cars and screeching engines and constant marching all about, tramp, tramp, throughout the night. The boys slept soundly, though nothing but a rubber blanket on the bare floor upon which to lie, but in the morning, all were much refreshed and in very good humor. Everyone was now in haste to see the city, especially the capitol building, Smithsonian building. Patent office and the White House, where Presi- dent Lincoln lived, but we were soldiers and could not go anywhere except on a regular pass from our Colonel or some other officer. We soon discovered that we were nearby the capitol building and this we could see without a pass from where we were. Red tape orders were now more strenuously enforced and we demurred and submitted. Our company officers informed us that we must not leave the building, that hot coffee and soft bread and cold meat would be served where we were for breakfast, and then we would be marched a mile or more east near where the Twelfth regiment was then in camp, where our regiment also would go into camp. Each soldier as he gazed upon the capitol building was dumb with amaze- ment because of its grandeur and architectural splendor, its magnificence as a whole entranced all with wonder and admiration and we longed to make it a visit and see the majestic rotunda, historical paintings that adorned its walls and ceilings, hundreds of feet above, and the men of renown who made the laws of the nation, then in the Congress; all with just pride and curiosity were anxious to see and hear. The drum beat, and the order came "Fall in" and we marched up the hill on the north side of the Capitol building passed the old prison, where were confined Rebels as reported, prisoners of war, and then along the street eastward for a mile or so and on an open field of pasture land on the south side of I'ne street in plain view of the Potomac and the navy yard not fa^" away., and liei-e made our camp. At Caiiil> Casey, ll'ashimjtoii, D. C. 77 This was an ideal spot for a camp, but not a building or tent or any provis- ion whatever to protect us from wind and storm. The only thing in abundance that we saw about us were hogs and goats, hucksters, darkeys and clouds of dust that filled the air and covered all. During the day fly or shelter tents were given out, simply a piece of cotton cloth one yard wide and two long with metal eyelets to fasten together, given to each soldier and two of these fastened together and then supported by gun and bayonets or sticks made a covering over our heads against sun and dew, but no protection against wind and rain, and in twos and fours we arranged these cotton strips as best we could, for tents, beneath which we soundly slept for the first night in Camp Casey. On the following day we were supplied with A and Sibly tents, and these were fine and roomy, and when properly put \\\i were a sufiicient protection against cold, wind and rain and these, (the A tents), were about six feet scjuare on the bottom and running to a peak like the shape of the letter A, six feet high in the center, supported by a pole at each end with a pole on top over which was placed and stretched, the well made cotton tents and all around except a small opening on front end w'ere fastened down to the ground with wooden pegs or pins made for the purpose. Four and sometimes six occupied one of these tents. The Sibly tents were circular and much larger and commodious. We were green and entirely ignorant of the manner of putting up such tents, for it was our first experience, but like true Yankees soon had them up in rows according to military style and in them packed away our knapsacks, guns, straps, etc., and were quite happy and contented. We were hardly settled down in this camp before the Captain and other officers were urged for passes to visit the city, camps and hospitals about Wash- ington, but only a limited number at certain hours of the day and evening from each company obtained them, and each must take his turn, and during every day while in Camp Casey, the streets leading to the Capitol building were lined with blue coats, brass buttons, commission and non-commission officers, and privates, hurrying to and from the city, and so it was each day unless rain, squad and company drill in the forenoon, and regimental and battalion drill in the after- noon, review and dress parade interfered. The Thirteenth was kept very busy during these early days of service, because Colonel Randall was ambitious to bring his regiment into a condition of perfection as quickly as possible. On the i8th we were in a grand review under General Banks, and it was rumored that we were to go with him to the Gulf which turned out to be only rumor, and we were thankful it was rumor. On the 19th, our first Sunday in Washington, we were informed that after breakfast would be Sunday Inspection at eight o'clock sharp, after which many visited the city ostensibly to attend Church, but more particularly to s*e the places of interest and gratify curiosity. The First Vermont Cavalry was in cam]) just across Long Bridge, and the Tenth V^ermont was near Chain Bridge, in which regiments many of us had relatives and acquaintances which we were anxious to see, and to these places some visited on the passes given to attend church in the city. Bible classes COURT HOrSK. FAIRFAX COURT HOVSF, VA. OCTOI'.KK 14. HJO4. //; Ciniip Casey. Il'ashiiic/toii. D. C. 79 were organized in some of the companies, and religions service held, also prayer meetings at the close of the day, and some went over to the Twelfth Regiment and joined with them in religious services. The regiment as a whole observed the day as one of rest and worship. On Thursday, the 23rd, came that storm of wind and rain, lightning and thunder, (such a pour down of rain we had not seen before), that flooded our camp ground, softened up the earth and then blew over our tents and scattered things about in a hurry, and nearly all were suddenly tentless and wet to the skin. A few of the tents did not blow down and into these the boys huddled until the fury of the storm was over and passed, and our camp had the appearance of contact with a cyclone, and some parts of it which was low and flat was covered with muddy running water from two to six inches deep. It soon, how- ever, ran off and the sun came out and before night tents were all up again in better shape than before and everything in order, and the boys congratulated each other that no serious damage had befallen them. We stood in the sun till our clothing dried, our blankets, overcoats, etc., we hung up to dry on the ridge pole of our A tents. This exjierience was not without profit for we learned the nature of the soil and was more careful about driving in the pegs and pins to hold the tents down firm to the gromid thereafter. Some of the boys were in the city during this storm, and on return found their belongings scattered about camp and their tents flat on the ground, but soon, with the assistance of others, up went the tents and generally their things were all found. The next two days were pleasant and warm, and we were ordered out in brigade drill. On the 25th and 26th it rained most of the time, and we could not drill, so the boys secured passes and spent the days in the city at the capitol building which was the chief attraction and at Smithsonian Institute, Patent office and Treasury Ihiilding, White House, and up and down Pennsylvania Avenue, of which .\venue we never tired of visiting. Some went to the navy yard, and others Georgetown, and in the evening attended theatres and other places of amusement. The city and all about was teeming with busy life, night and day, an in- creasing and never ending flow of regiments of Infantry and Cavalry and Batteries moving through the city and passing across Long Bridge to the front. The streets of the city were full all the time with mounted officers with their aids and orderlies, moving rapidly to and from the many headquarters within the city, making necessary arrangements incident to active service. Every branch of the service seemed actively engaged to prepare against an attack from Lee's army. All ostentatious display had disappeared, it was business, more light and less show. The army of the Potomac, October 28th was in the vicinity of Warrentown, Virginia, and that of the army of northern Virginia under General Lee just across the Rappahannock and Rapidan ready to question and resist any attempt to cross or advance. At Camp Casey. Waslnni/tDii. D. C. 8i General AlcClellan was cautious, fearful he nii^ht lose his partially restored prestige, secured at the battle of Antietam, aud did not uuflerstand General Lee as well as Lee understood him, and was too cautious or timid to advance. President Lincoln had returned from a visit to McClellan's headquarters near Antietam and was now very anxious that .McClellan should push General Lee to a fight before he reached and passed through the passes of the Blue Ridge into the valley of Virginia. McClellan hesitated and the situation between the two great armies facing each other was such as to create great apprehension at Washington, because lack of confidence in General McClellan, and therefore the utmost energy was mani- fested by the administration to hurry troops across the Potomac into Virginia to be ready for any emergency. The administration on November 7, 1862, for reasons relieved General ]\IcClellan and placed General Pairnside in command of the arni\' of the Potomac. This move created much feeling, and Presiden.*- Lincoln was by some bitterly assailed and yet McClellan"s course after Antietam fully justified the change though the high hopes in General Piurnside were not realized. Xo one could tell where and when to look for General Jackscm, (Stonewall Jackson) McClellan was not. evidently. General Lee's equal and it was so generally conceded, and this sentiment in and about \\'ashington on the last days of October and the first days of November accounted for the haste of the second \'ermont Brigade, and other troops to take the field. The Sixteenth \''ermont Regiment arrived in Washington on the 27th of October, and went into camp near us on East Capitol Hill. We invited them to take supper and lodging with us, and in the morning they took breakfast with the Twelfth \"ermont Regiment. About this date an order was issued to form a brigade to be composed of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments to be known and called the Second \'ermont Brigade. The news of this order was very gratifying to all of these new regiments, for in this case would remain together. It was rumored that we should soon leave the city for the front, the rank and file knew not where, nor just when we were to start on the march. These regiments were concentrated on the 29th and started on the morning of the 30th, marched down Pennsylvania Avenue through the City crossed Long Bridge before noon, and was now in old \'irginia on our way to some place unknown at least to the rank and file. We passed Arlington Heights from which in plain view could be seen General Lee's grand old mansion home, (since the war used as a National Cemetery), before we stopped for the night we were away to the southwest some ten miles from East Capital Hill. It was our first juarch ;i.nd we thought it long and hard, all were pretty well jaded out. The weather of this day was hot and roads dusty, and our knapsacks, guns, etc., seemed heavy, and we were tired and hungry and ready to stop long before night. \\'e passed several forts after crossing the Potomac on which were mounted cannon ready for business, the names of which forts I do not recall, but some one said that two of them were named Fort Albany and Fort Richmond. They were what v^'as called dirt forts on cjuite elevated hills, commanding the approach to Washington from the south. CAPT. lOIlX LOXERl'.AX, CO. A. 1862. (APT. JDllX LllNRRGAX. CO. A, I QOO. FIRST LIKUT. loliX T. SIXXilTT, CD. .\. 1863. -KCuXD LIEL T. UA\ lU MCDi;\riT, Co. A. 1863. At Camp Scz.'ord. J'a. 83 At Camp Casey on East Capital Mill occurred the first death in our regiment, Isaac X. Brooks, Company F. a young boy of 18. His body was embalmed and sent home to Vermont by his company comrades. The sad news of his death spread quickly through camp and all were sad for we had become as one family and it seemed sadder to die of disease than in battle. On the 2gth of October, First Lieutenant Nathanial Jones, Jr.. of Company B died of TA-phoid Fever. His body was also embalmed and sent home to \'ermont by the company to which he belonged. Lieutenant Jones. Jr. was the first Officer of the regiment that died, and he within twenty days after being mustered into the L'nited States service at Brat- tleboro. This death was cause of deep regret and sorrow among his company comrades, and all who knew him. These two deaths so near to each other and so sudden was indeed a sad reminder of the havoc of disease from exposure in army life, and warned us all to be careful. We were now in a camp that we called Camp Seward : a delightful spot in an oak and pine grove with a swift running brook of pure water near at hand, the bubbling music of which reminded us of the mountain streams of our own native State. On our first day here we put up our tents thinking we would remain some time. It was a nice place for a camp, rolling ground near plenty of timber, and running water, near by, cool, clear and refreshing, the best we had found since leaving Vermont. On the morning of November ist, orders came to strike tents and be ready to march. We moved about noon, the Twelfth X'ermont going with us, and in the direction of Alexandria City. It was hot and dusty, and woolen clothing and heavy knapsacks made marching hard, and we were obliged to stop and rest quite often. Tt was new business to most of us and though hard, none com- plained. We passed through the city of Alexandria just at night, crossed the little muddy stream of Hunting Creek and on its low flat banks, camped down for the night ; and on the following day moved south on the main road leading in the direction of Mount Vernon a mile or more, and went into camp on quite an elevated plain covered with brush and laurel bushes and timber in abundance, and near a large spring of water and just west of the highway leading south, and about eight miles north of ]\Iount \'ernon. The elevated wood land and flowing spring influenced Colonel Randall in the selection of this camp. This place was called Springbank, an estate owned by one George Mason. He claimed to be neutral and objected to his grounds being used for camps and stopped the boys from work until Colonel Randall convinced him that he was under orders to select a suitable camp in that locality and that spot suited him the best of any and must, for the present, locate and camp there, and would use no more wood and timber than necessary for comfort and winter quarters, and would do as little damage as possible. We cleaned up grounds for a camp and put up fly or shelter tents and waited for the wagon train to arrive with the A tents, etc' It was rumored we were to remain in this camp for some time, and the boys were so delighted with it that they christened it Camp Vermont. C)n this day while cleaning up the ground we distinctly heard booming of cannon in the distance, apparently in the direction of south and west, and a rumnr spread SURCT. JAMF:s I!. SCULLY. CO. .\, 1862. %^ .\ II. HA M.I.N. l8(>_>. At Camp Vcnnont. J 'a. 85 thrcHigli camp that General AlcClellaii and General Lee were having a battle. No one paid much attention to this cannonading, it was too common, and besides Colonel Randall evidently did not believe McClellan would press Lee for a battle, and yet some listened and appeared apprehensive of impending danger. The papers from Washington reported General Lee and his army on the south bank of the Rappahannock and in the Shenandoah Valley and McClellan at a safe distance in and about \Yarrenton. south of Bull Run battlefield, so those who read, and the knowing ones, paid no attention to the wild rumors lloating about camp. It was said that General (Stonewall) Jackson was still well down the valley near Harpers Ferry bringing up the rear of General Lee's army, and that General Hancock was watching him in the passes of the Blue Ridge and were almost daily e.xchanging complimentary cannonading in some of the numerous passes through the mountains into the valley. Our A tents arrived, and on the 4th of November we built our village of cotton tents in Camp \'ermont and settled down for the winter, supposing we were to stay here until the Spring campaign. Timber was plenty and near by, and now the camp was active in building stockades for tents and laying corduroy floors, making bunks, and filling them with pine and cedar boughs for beds, digging shallow drains to keep water out of tents, hurrying from Alexandria with axes and hatchets, sheet iron stoves, spiders, cups, etc., for individual use and comfort. All were busy that we might be prepared for rain and snow, and the approaching winter. This camp ground was beautifully situated en the high banks of the Lcjtomac, about a mile southwest and in plain sight of Alexandria near by, and Washing- ton some eight miles further up the river. One could see up and d(_)wn the Potomac from the City of Washington most to Mount \'erncn. and a wide stretch of the country way to the north and east, and we often heard the signal bell of Mount \ ernon as steamboats passed up and clown. The broad river nearby dotted with white sails, steamboats, tugs and numerous tiny craft were passing up and down the river night and day with soldiers, prisoners of war, the sick from the numerous hospitals, munitions of war, food and clothing for the army, made an ever changing ])icture of which we never tired, a ra\ishing sight indeed for it was new to nearly all. This camp reminded us of Champlain \'alley, and we were contented and happy. Quite a good many farmers lived in this locality and most of them at this time owned and kept slaves who did the work on the plantations and in the houses. I recall the name of one nearby camp, as that of Johnson. He had ten slaves, and these colored folks were intensely loyal, but at this time extremely cautious. Most of the old families about sympathized with the Rebel cause, (no matter what they claimed about the pending conflict. ) As many of the boys as could, secured passes and made almost daily visits to Alexandria and Washington, and the first place visited at Alexandria was the Marshall House where Colonel Ellsworth of Ellsworth Zouaves was shot by Johnson, the owner of the hotel, while on his way down stairs from hauling down the Rebel flag that floated in the breeze from the top of the hotel, ^fay 24, 1861, f»*s.l HEMAN W. ALLEiX, CO. A, 1862. At Camp Vermont, Va. 87 the day the city was captured, and then would visit the docks, wharfs, eating houses and the numerous camps nearby. The industry and ingenuity of the boys made tents and camp quite home- like and the whole regiment was content and very well satisfied with this sightly- and apparently healthy location. A few were sick, and some longed for home and yet the morale of the regiment was good, and nearly all were enthusiastic in the cause that induced them to volunteer. To our great surprise as well as the Natives about, we awoke on the morning of November 9th. with the ground covered with snow and still falling fast, and continued most of the day. Wind from the northwest and growing cold, and there fell at this time from six to eight inches of snow, a regular New England snow storm, only earlier than it usually occurred in Vermont. It was unprecedented in that region so early, as the Natives informed us. It certainly was cold and we were very fortunate, in that our tents were all up in snug condition and there was plenty of wood and rails for fire, only a few, however, had any means for warming their tents, but fires were built just outside near tent openings and around these and the blazing fires at the cook tents we gathered and hovered until warmer weather, which came in the course of two or three days. Cotton tents were not much jjrotection against cold weather. Ijut we huddled together, put on our overcoats covered up with woolen blankets and managed to keep comfortable. None were prepared, but no grumbling to any extent. Some in camp were always finding fault and we had some of that class in the Thirteenth Regiment. The unpleasant thing about this snow storm for the l)oys, was guard and picket duty, which must be attended to ; a large detail was made each day for the picket line, a mile or more south of our camp, extending from the Potomac low lands westward for a number of miles, and on this picket line for twenty- four hours in such a storm was not so pleasant an experience. We had no tents on the picket line and we must do as best we could. We were not even permitted to make fires on the picket line, but some did. We were on the front line and must be vigilant, for Mosbey and other bushwhackers infested the country to the south of our line and occasionally made raids in the night time within our lines to keej) the "Yanks" as they called them, stirred up. The second Vermont Brigade were now all camped near each other and all doing the same duty, the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth having arrived two days before the snow storm. Here besides picket duty and work on Fort Lyon we resumed regimental and brigade drills under direction of Colonel Blunt of the Twelfth, he being the ranking Colonel of the Brigade, and therefore in charge. This fort building business, the boj^s resented, saying they were ready to fight, but digging Virginia clay in mud and water was not in the contract, and some were sullen and ugly, and contrary, and were not a success in building forts with spade and pick. Some three hundred a day from the Thirteenth, and I presume an ecjual number from the other regiments, for a number of days were detailed to work on this fort. Fort Lyon was situated southwest from the city of Alexandria, and it seemed a great folly, at least the boys of the Thirteenth thought so, and we made HEMAN W. ALLEN, CO. A, 1906. At Caiiip Vcniiont. I'a. 89 a poor show for the time spent there and were ghid when told no nKjre wt)rk would be reqitired from our brigade. From information considered reliable, it was said we were to remain in this camp for the winter, and therefore the boys renewed their efforts in preparing for the winter, which e\idently was near at hand. We had just passed through one genuine New England snow storm and it was as cold as any X'ermont snow storm in November, that any of us had experienced. We stockaded more of our tents, plastered uji the crevices with \'irginia red clay mud, thoroughly policed the ground of the camp and its drainage was made better, new sinks dug and well located and protected, all precautions taken as suggested by Surgeon Nichols to avoid any epidemic of fever or other diseases, for it was the experience of many northern soldiers that had seen Virginia winters, especially along the Potomac, that chills and fevers and enteric troubles caused many deaths, filled the hospitals and quite rapidly depleted the ranks on accotint of the long lists that were discharged and sent home. We were supplied while in this camp in great abimdance, and our regular rations was soft bread, pork and beans, rice, tea and coffee, sugar, molasses, Irish potatoes, fresh beef, salt, pepper and vinegar, and with such rations and out door life with guard and picket duty, drills, fatigue work in camp or at Fort Lyon, gave us craving apjietites and we ate and slept well and grew fat and strong. The routine duties were much the same each day. but varied now and then by genera! reviews, battalion drill and rifle practice at long range. I think that the first death that occurred at Camp \'ermont was that of Homer C. Fletcher of Company G, musician, died in camp hospital, November i8th, 1862, and Company G, escorted by the drum corps marched to the hospital, a brief religious service held, sermon by Chaplain Sargent. This was the first death in Company G. Three more of this company died in this camp, Orange Lackey, November 23rd, Orville K. Rogers, November 25th, and Captain ^Larvin White, December 13th. Captain ^^hile was the only Captain mustered in at Brattleboro that did not return to \'ermont alive. His body was sent to his home in Enosburg, Ver- mont, and it is my recollection that all who died at Camp Vermont out of the Thirteetnh Regiment were sent home by subscription raised in the respective companies to which they belonged. We had many visitors while here for we were nearby W'ashington and Alexandria, and numerous camps, and officers and privates (\'ermonters) belonging to other regiments, made frequent calls for a day or so to see some old friend and comrade. A soldier t'lat Company K boys from Swanton called Stub Lawrence, who went west from Swanton and now belonged to a western regiment, came from the hospital at Washington to see his Swanton friends. At this camp the wives of Burton Dean and James Kinsley of Company K, and some others joined their husbands and remained until we moved to Fairfax Court House. November 20th, we started with the rest of our brigade to take part in a grand review, a division review as it was said. W'e marched a mile or more beyond Alexandria, and the mud was awful deep, roads almost impassible for TORRKY \V. SIBLEY, CO. A. 1862. TORREY W. SIP.I.EY, CO. .\, 1906. WILLIA.M K. WOODRUFF, CO. .\, i86g. WILLIAM R. WOODRCFF, CO. A, I 906. At Camp J'crnwnt, I 'a. 91 marching, it had been raining for two days and the Virginia clay stuck to our shoes so that it was hardly possible to lift our feet on the march. We were halted for rest and soon an order came to return to camp with which we gladly and cheerfully complied. It was a dirty, nasty march, and we were covered with Virginia red clay mud to the knees. It rained hard and fast before we reached camp, and continued all night and the next day, and then cleared off cold with fresh northwest wind, and again the boys were busy fixing up tents for winter quarters, for now we began to believe that here we should remain until the Spring campaign opened, unless General Burnside, who had just superseded General McClellan undertook to move against General Lee and capture Richmond, which rumor said was his ptirpose. But this was doubted, however, owing to the condition of the roads and the low flat country oa er which he would be obliged to march his army in order to reach Richmond, and the moving of artillery and wagon trains over the country at this season of the year had already been found to be very difficult. When all our tents were fixed up and we were settled down for winter, sure that we were to remain, to our surprise and great disappointment on the evening of November 25th, an order came about six o'clock in the evening to pack up and be ready to march. This was business and no use of asking questions. We obeyed and were soon on the march in the rain and mud, and the night was like Egyptian darkness, could not see but a few feet in any direc- tion, but on we marched until two o'clock in the morning, and arriving in a small grove of pine trees remained until day light. We had with us on this march, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth regiments and all under the command of Colonel Randall of the Thirteenth, and were on our way to occupy a front picket line along the upper Occoquan and Bull Run river. Fires were built, and around these the boys huddled to warm and to dry their water soaked clothing. j\Iany laid down near the fires, exhausted and were soon sound in sleep, regardless of mud, rain and cold. The ground was wet and damp beneath, and the rain was falling fast overhead. We had marched many miles in the darkness of the night and were tired out, and sleep the most and pretty much all did, (but the guard about the camp), until aroused by the din of camp making preparations to continue the march. Soon after daylight we lunched on soft bread and boiled pork from our haversacks, and took up the line of march, and arrived at Union Mills about noon, where we went into camp, and here we did picket duty along the upper Occoquan and Bull Run. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth regiments were all near each other, and nearby Bull Run battlefield, the slaughter house of two great battles, both humiliatmg and ought not to have occurred. Union Mills which was the headquarters of our present location was situated on the railroad, running from Alexandria south. There was plenty of timber in this locality and the numerous camp fires necessary for comfort made our camp in the night an attractive sight. Our tents were left at Camp Vermont and did not reach us for a week, and therefore camp life at this spot doing picket duty was far from pleasant or attractive, — the novelty of picket duty at the front was fast disappearing. PKTKR SHIATT, CO. A, 1862. PETER SHIATT, CI. A, 1906. ALLEN G. FRISCIE, CO. A. 1863. ALLEX G. FRISI'.IE. CO. A., 1906. At Camp Vcnnont, J 'a. 93 Many of us while here visited Hull Run battlerielcl. and we found plenty of evidence of deadly struggle, carnage and destruction, and in many places, the dead had not been properly buried, and the shallow graves and trenches evidently were hastily and carelessly covered, and the rain and wind exposed to view those who had been slain in battle some three months before. And some had on the blue and some the gray, friend and foe sleeping their last sleep together, and no one knew who they w.ere, only that they belonged to the armies of General Lee and General Pope, who fought the battle of second Bull Run in August and Septemljer, previous to our visit there. We shrank from the horrible sights. We knew these brave boys had been buried less than ninctv da_\s. and our hearts were sad. because we felt here was neglect and lack i_>i proper care of the heroic dead. W'e knew at this time but a little of the hard and streruious realities of desperate warfare. ( )ur A tents and other camp equipage arrived by cars from Alexandria on the 29th, and we soon had up our tents around about L'nion Mills, and now again were piotected from the unusual inclemency of the season. (_>n December 2nd and 3rd, some three or four New York regiments came to relieve us. and on the morning of the 4th we received orders to move back to Camp X'ermont. W'e struck tents on the 3th and, with everything on board, took cars for Alexandria on our way back to Camp \'ermont, arriving at Alexandria about dark. Xo teams were there to move our baggage, many of the boys of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth regiments left the cars and marched up to their old (|uarters, which they had hurriedly and regretfully left on the 26th of November, reaching camp in the face of a blinding snow storm, necessarily leaving their tents on the cars at Alexandria. Those who marched back to camp that evening were welcomed and accom- modated with supper and lodging by the Twelfth and Sixteenth, which we had left behind only a few days before, quite a numerous guard remained with the tents and baggage on the cars, and managed to pile up boxes and tents on the flat bottom cars to protect them from the blinding snow storm. Colonel Randall and a number of other officers found comfortable quarters in a house nearby. In the morning snow covered the groiuid from four to six inches, and it was cold and raw, wind blowing blizzard-like from the west. Colonel Randall was out early in the morning making arrangements to move up to Camp Vermont. Teams were soon on hand and our tents and other baggage in a short time were moving across Hunting Creek Bridge, winding up around the hills on the west side past Fort Lyon, on the way to our old Camp. We found our stockades as we had left them but a few days before, all in position, and each squad of tentmates knew their old quarters, and it did not take the boys long to spread their tents over and fasten them down to the logs as before, and long before night our cotton city of white was again built and occupied, and though tired, all were happy and glad to be back in Camp Vermont once more for the winter, this time sure. This was Saturday, and we made haste regardless of snow, mud and cold or wind to be ready for rest and quiet on Sunday. The regiment had been on the run so much from place to place since setting our feet on \'irginia soil, it 94 The Thirteenth Regiiiient reniioiit I'oluiiteers. was difficult to keep track of even the days of the week. Sunday morning opened clear and cold and the boys were vexed to think the orderly Sergeants should disturb their siuiuhcrs at six o'clnck in the morning by that now familiar sound "Fall in. l-'all in for roll call"', but no one stood long in line and c|uickly after rcspunding to his name, crawled back into his tent. We soon learned that there would be no Sunday inspcctidu on this day, and for this we were very thankful, for we could not have arranged to have appeared in decent condition as to arms and clothing without working most of the day. ()ur Ccilnnel tdok in the situation and issued orders to omh tliL- u^ual .Sunday ins]X'Clion. On our return from Union .Mills and lUiIl Run. where we had been for two weeks doing picket duty, the bo}s began to receive boxes from home contain- ing chicken pies, roasted and stufl'ed chickens and turkeys, mince pies, fruit cake, butter and cheese, etc., which were Thanksgiving dinners sent from our homes. These were welcomed dainties and came in due season, and in pretty good condition, some of the boxes had been roughly handled and contents considerably mixed up, but nothing was wasted, though jammed and a little stale, but all good. These palatable edibles brought fresh to mind the scenes of the old New England Thanksgiving Dinner and those who gathered around the well laden tables at home, and our eyes moistened, and for the moment we wished our- selves back mingling with our acquaintances in the merry making and festivities of the season. We had Thanksgiving dinners though a little later than usual, but on the installment plan. The boys in each tent that had been so fortunate as to receive a box, a special spread was made, and if any comrade had been forgotten or a promised box had not arrived, stich were sought out and invited in, and so from day to day as boxes arrived from Washington and Alexandria, brought to our camp by our regimental teams, we continued our feasting while in Camp Vermont. We heard by letters that boxes had been sent and most of them reached us, but some never, and though we went by delegations to Washington and Alexandria and searched the carloads of boxes received and stored in express companies' warehouses, did not find all, and these boys were bitterly disappointed, for in some of these boxes that were lost were boots from the home shoemaker, woolen socks that mothers had spun and knit, writing paper and envelopes and postage stamps, loaf sugar and brandy for cold and diarrhci-a, and other thuigs, we had found c|uite useful and had written home for. We had jslenty of army food in this camp, but the change to home-made was agreeable, and above all it was cooked and made and packed under the loving care of mothers at home, whose solicitude for their boys in the army was the absorbing thought day and night. r.cnedict's History of \'ermont in the Civil War says that General E. H. Stoughton visited Camp \'ermont on Sunday, the Jth of December, the very next day after our return from picket duty near Bull Run battlefield. The news soon .spread throughout camp and all were making an.xious incjuiries con- At Camp Teniioiit, J 'a. 95 cerning him and his purposes. The knowing ones doubtless were aware whv he made this visit to our cam]> at this time, but the officers of the Line and the rank and file were e(|ually surprised wlien it was announced that he was present. We were informed that he had been made a Brigadier General and had been assigned to duty and placed in command of the Second \'ermont Brigade. This was a great surprise, and to some of the ofificers a grievous disappointment. The Thirteenth Regiment believed their Colonel was the man for the place, and that the selection should have been made from the Field officers of the several regiments of our brigade, and in fact rumor had mentioned Colonels Randall and Blunt, as likely to be made Brigadier General of volunteers and placed in command of the second \ermont Brigade. But influences of which we knew not of (always mysterious) had prevailed, and an officer that we knew nothing of, nor he of us, was now in command of our brigade and all were disappointed, and some disgusted. We had of course expected a Brigadier General, l)Ut 1 think the advent of General Stoughton among us was a complete surprise. He was known to (|uite a number of the Field Officers of our Brigade who had served with him in the old Vermont Brigade, while he was Colonel of the Fourth \'erinont and com- manded that Regiment during the Peninsular Campaign and in the battles of Crampton Gap and Antietam, with ability and bravery, and had won for himself, an enviable record as a commander of a regiment on many bloody fields of desperately fought battles. He had been educated at the United States }\lilitary Academy, West Point, and served as an officer in the regular army. All of which justified his recommendation and appointment as Brigadier General oi Volunteers. The Thirteenth Regiment was considerably disai)p(jinted for they had become much attached to Colonel Randall and sincerely believed that ability, experience, age and more than ordinary prowess made him an ideal candidate for promotion to the position of Brigadier General, but such was not to be, and in the light of subsequent history, perhaps it was well that Colonel Randall remained in com- mand of his own Regiment. General Stotighton was now in command and he was anxious to demonstrate his fitness for the distinguished honor conferred. Scarcely anything else was talked of in camp on this Sunday, but General Stoughton and what would be now done, and whether we should remain in Camp \'ermont for the winter or go elsewhere. Notwithstanding rumor, we commenced again on Monday morn- ing to rechink our stockades with red clay and make ready ( as fast and well as possible), our tents and surroundings with the expectation of remaining here during the winter, and in a day or two all was ready again for winter and the routine of camp resumed. Some of the boys had returned from Union Mills sick, sufifering with bad colds and diarrhoea from exposure and some had been injured on the midnight march on the way to Union Mills. We began now to realize the strenuous life of being a soldier and looked forward with apprehension concerning the future, not because of cowardice, but rather, whether we should be able under all circumstances to acquit ourselves as good soldiers with credit, and honor to our regiment. State and Nation. But few of us I think (perhaps not any), regretted their enlistment, and these if anv. 1 900. E mm % ° ^H ^ £j M sjkj^^ ^^^1^ LIEUT. .NATHAN n;i. jnNl'.S ]\i.. v-Ti. i;. l.li:iT. ClJ-SSiiN K. .McrLKHV, Cll. I!, 1862. 1863. At Camp J'cniioiit, J'a. 97 there were, said not a word, and made the hest of the situation, and did their duty faithfully and well. Une ean imaj,fine our surprise and disappointment after being assured we were most likely to remain here until Spring, when the order came for the second time, now from General Stoughton, on the evening of December nth to be ready to march at daylight on the morning of the 12th. Before we could go to sleep our knapsacks and haversacks, and everything must be made ready to strike tents before daylight, and be ready to move at the word "Fall in." We had been back in our old cam]5 about one week and it now seemed like home, and all were comparatively haiipy, the very name (X'ermont). gratified otir pride and gave contentment. Cainp \'ermont was indeed a beautiful spot, on an elevated table land over- looking a broad stretch of the Potomac Valley from Washington to Blount Vernon with the wooded hills and fertile valleys of Maryland to the east, the still running waters of the broad Potomac at our feet, a living picture by night and by day, carrying up and down soldiers, munitions of war, prisoners, sick and wounded, constantly reminding one of desperate warfare. The city of Alexandria was considerably dilapidated and neglected, but now was the great depot of the government for shipments of food and other supplies to and for the army, and the city of \\'ashington some ten miles up the Potomac in plain view, and on both banks of the river as far as the eye could see the whole country seemed covered with white tents, the homes of the great army of soldiers preparing for aggressive warfare and the defense of Washington. All were .sorry to leave this delightful place so accessible to Alexandria and Wash- ington, numerous camps, Mount \'ernon and other places of historical interest. When the order came to move again so soon, many of our boys were absent on passes, visiting Washington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon and nearby camps, two from each company had been sent to Washington for mule teams, for those we fir.st had for some reason, were turned over to the government when we were out at Union Mills. Mule teams we must have for tents and other baggage could not be moved, and hence a detail of twenty. ( the author being one), were sent on a mission to Washington for mule teams. We reached the city of Washington and found the place where the mules were harnessed and hitched up for distribution, but others w'ere there also, for teams and we were informed must wait until our turn came. We, Yankee like, out of curiosity watched the niggers, catch, harness and hitch up these green raw mules and saw how they acted wheti turned over to other details to be taken to different camps. and our curiosity was fully and suddenly satisfied, and were now anxious to find some manner of escape from duty, for a ride back to Camp Vermont with raw mules hitched up for the first time we were anxious to avoid. We held a con- sultation and it was agreed so far as driving and riding green mules from Wash- ington to Camp Vermont, that distance from such mules was our only safety. Even the niggers who grabbed the mules by their long ears in their endeavor to handle and harness in the rough and tumble scramble were not able to keep top more than half of the time, and it was difficult to tell some of the time as they rolled and tumbled about which was mule and wdiich nigger. It was about ,ii:rT. i:i)\\i\ i-. paumuk, co. b, 1862. LIEUT. EDWIX I--. I'AL.MKK, CO. li, 1900. siiuc.i'. ci-oKc.i'; (I. iiovcK, CO. u. 1864. SERC.T. CKORCE O. IlOVCK. Cn. I: 1905. At Camp Vermont, Va. 99 an even thing, and we decided to return as we came and report that we had to wait and come again. We were sick of our job, not so much of a picnic as we had anticipated, and from what we knew and saw of mules rather be shot than kicked by a green mule. We remained over night at the Soldier's Retreat where we were cordially received after showing our passes, disclosing the purpose of our visit to th* city. \\'e. the detail, had decided to return without mules and spent the day in the city, started back in season to reach camp about nine o'clock, when our approach would not be seen. The author was to make the report and give the reasons for returning empty-handed. We reached camp about ten p. m., and learned that an order had been made to move at daylight next morning. This was we thought fortunate, and we said not a word, only no mules ready and must return another day. The regiment started at daylight and in the haste and confusion, not a word said about teams. The whole brigade was on the march as reported for Fairfax Court House twenty miles away. The detail reached Camp Vermont late in the afternoon, tired out and anxious too, for the air was full of wild rumors as to the location of the Rebel Army. It had been reported some days before that General JMcClellan had been dismissed in disgrace and his army from the highest in rank to the humblest private were indignant, and there was much excitement because of the change when in the face of the enemy, making ready for battle with General Lee. It was claimed that General McClellan had been removed because of his dilatory pursuit of Lee. He had proven himself an e(|ual with Lee at Antietam or Strasburg and had been following General Lee towards Winchester and Warrenton under the urgent directions of President Lincoln, not to permit General Lee to get away without engaging him in battle. We of the 13th and the whole of the Second \'ermont Brigade as well, were informed through the newspapers and other sources as to McClellan's and Lee's movements subsequent to the battle of Antietam, and every camp was full of exciting stories concerning the two great armies, and we who were fresh and green in the service were much wrought up and somewhat alarmed at each rumor of approaching battle, and it was not strange that many believed we were on the way to take part in another Bull Run defeat. We knew nothing as to the plan of campaign now in progress, and were soldiers for a purpose and were ever willing to go whenever and wherever directed. Not one enlisted, expecting a holiday pleasure trip to Washington and return. We arrived at Fairfax Court House late in the afternoon tired out, and the surroundings were not inviting, all was confusion, troops moving in direction of Centerville, Manassas and Warrenton in support of General Burnside now in command of the army of the Potomac, and no one seemed to know what was to be done with our brigade. We made ourselves as comfortable as possible and patiently waited for further orders. The weather was quite fine and we got along very well with shelter tents, and the houses we built with pine boughs in the woods. During the night of the 15th, rain in torrents fell, and long before daylight those who were not well tented and covered, were wet to the skin with dripping clothing, cold and shivering, standing about our campfires with rubber blankets Wolf Run Shoals. I'a. 113 to tliis place. The 14th, i^th and i(>th with tlie Connecticut battery remained at and near Fairfax Station, to which place was sent forward from Alexandria, food, clothing and other supplies for the troops in that section. The 13th was satisfied to make the change, for it seemed to be (the Court House) an unhealthy location, such had been the case with our brigade. The land about was flat and the water suppl)' very poor, many were down with typhoid fever, measles, colds, and many suffered with enteric diseases, and some serious cases of chronic diarrhaa. Many had died and some quite suddenly and the surgeons advised a change. No one regretted leaving the Court House village behind, for there was nothing in sentiment or scenery or past success, no ties of any kind save our dear comrades sick in the hospital, to hold us there. The long list of boys who had been placed under arrest, by order of General Stoughton, and marched off to the guard house, for neglecting to attend brigade drill was not ])leasant to think of, and these were anxious and willing to get out of sight and hearing of our Commander. The rain had made the hauling of tents and other baggage an almost im- possible task, and it was raining the day we started for W'lilf Run Shoals, and our nnilc teams could take only small loads, the wagon wheels were so loaded down with \ irginia mud that it was quite load enough, and hence only a part of the tents could be taken on that day and a detail was made to remain behind as guard of the camp until teams retiirned. The author was one who remained behind, two from each company remaining to watch, guard and care for the property left in camp, and see that everything was properly loaded when the teams returned. Our regiment had accumulated quite a large quantity of rations for many were sick and none cared for pork, salt beef and hard tack, and each company owned the e.xtra rations left on hand. I recall that company K had on hand at this time, when our regiment left for Wolf Run Shoals, nine barrels of nice salt pork, two barrels of salt beef, three or four boxes of hard tack, fairly good and quite free from worms, a quantity of rice, and unless all of this extra food was disposed of before camp finally abandoned, then the nearby pretended Unionists would appear like buzzards and carry it away, and therefore those who remained in charge would generally dispose of it to the citizens in exchange for corn meal, apples, sweet potatoes, cider, milk, butter, honey, etc., and always at ruinous prices even when in exchange for the barter they brought. The citizens knew we would not draw it off so were reluctant to buy, rather wait till we had gone and then help themselves. We never could get money from those who lived near our camps, for they had none unless Confederate bills, which we sometimes took to send home as curiosities and souvenirs. A darky or an old man would come in driving a broken down mule or played out horse with a few pounds of corn-meal, a gallon or two of milk, a few pecks of apples, a little apple jack, or cider, and we would sometimes give a barrel of nice salt jjork for a small quantity of their barter, and they would return happy with a full wagon load, and we managed to dispose of the extra rations left over in this manner. Our teams did not return for the remainder of camp-belongings for a number of days. We had no particular fear, for other troops had taken the place of our Ai.oxzo imrcK, co. i;, 1862. AI.ONZO BRICE, CO. I! 1900. 0\ ^ 3. _jytff (?, J A ^i^i^^f 'tej '"'H B^5 ^9 1^^^ i^^ ^^^Hr^^^J^fl ■ UiiNAL H ASKING, Cn. I:. i8r.2. ROVAI, IIA^KI^.--, C(l. 1:, 1900. At Camp Wolf Run Sliouls. fa. 115 brigade, and our headquarters with General Stoughton in command was still at the Court House and surrounded by a strong guard, day and night. January 22nd, teams came for the remainder of the tents, baggage, mess chests, etc., but mud so deep they could not take all on this trip, and some of us had to remain until their return. Speaking of the sale of the rations of Company K left behind, I recall that I sold one bushel of nice rice for one dollar and took my pay in a Confederate bill, as they called it, and as it looked to me, but the next fellow to whom it was offered thought it good and it must have been or else it would have been returned. The teamsters or mule drivers as we would call them, informed us the roads were awful, brooks high, and beyond Fairfax Station, in places, had been built, and were building, corduroy roads in order to keep on top of the ground, and it wa,s with difficulty that even an empty wagon could be drawn in some places. January 23rd and 24th, were pleasant and much like Vermont Spring in May. The birds appeared and sang their notes of love and joy, and our hearts were gladened for now we should surely have teams to move the rest of the tents, baggage, etc., to our new camp, and we were anxious to join our comrades, for we had been here alone for the better part of a whole week (that is the detail left as guard), and on the watch, night and day, expecting to be gobbled up at any time, and we were anxious to join our companies and leave this unhealthy camp. On the evening of the 24th, teams arrived and with them orders came to strike tents in the morning and load up everything left behind, and move on to Wolf Run Shoals. This was welcome news, and we set about making prepara- tions early in the morning of January 25th, and the mule teams were on hand and we loaded them up as quickly as possible and were soon ready to start on our march to our new camp. It was a delightful day, warm, a gentle south wind, the air fragrant with the scent of pines in the great forest to the south, the harbingers of spring seemed at hand. \\'e were disappointed because no ambulance came to take the convalescent who were not able to march so long a distance. Some of them had come down to the old camp not knowing the regiment had moved, and a few were at the Court House, anxious to return to duty and join the regiment. None could ride because no room, and those who could march must make the journey on foot. Our knapsacks were placed in the wagons, we carrying only guns, cartridges, haversacks and canteens. Lieutenant ]\Iarsh of Company K had recovered from fever and learning that some of his company were at the old camp ground near by made his way down from the hospital thinking there would be an ambulance or teams in a day or two, and that he could ride over to our new camp to join his company from which he had been absent for about four weeks. He had been dangerously ill, but now was well on his way to health. His great anxiety was to join his com- pany and buoyed up with the prospect of seeing the boys induced him to make the fifteen miles march to camp Wolf Run Shoals. On the last day of December, Lieutenant Marsh was taken to the hospital with a burning fever, and was much cast down and apprehensive that his death WILLIAM NELSOX, CO. I! WILLIAM XKLSON, CO. B, IQO7. .ii;kci.mi-; lisk, cd. iv At Camp Wolf Run Shoals. I'a. iiy was near at hand for ciiiite a number of our regiment had died at tliis camp witli fever and many moi'e were dangerously ill in the hos])ital. (Jur young Lieutenant was thankful for recovery and a happier boy, (and he was only twenty), could not have been fotmd in our brigade. The loaded teams started down the pike round by the way of the Court House, and we the guard, and Lieutenant Marsh across the fields to avoid mud and water, and soon we were separated as we then hoped forever from the scenes, (not recollections) of this disagreeable and unhealthy camp. Before passing on to mir new camp, must call attention to some facts asso- ciated with our six weeks sta}- at Fairfax Court House. Company A lost one by death in this camp. Alden Richardson, December 26th, 1862, and one by deser- tion, Joshua Fiske. Joseph Avers was left at this camp and died January 27th, 1863. Company V> lost by death, Carlos \\'. Turner, a drummer boy. January 5th, 1863, a lad of sixteen, John C. Canerday, January 20th, only eighteen. Oscar C. Reed, December 26th, 1862 and by discharge, Franklin M. Atkins. January T5th, James M. Thayer, January 22nd. Company C by death, Charles C. Coburn, January 26th, 1863, (am not sure he died at Fairfax Court House). Company D lost by discharge, Seth W. H. Grififin, January 12th, 1863. Com- pany E lost by death. Corporal Hiram C. Wolcott, January i8th, 1863 and by discharge, Henry E. Sherwin, January loth, 1863. Company F lost by death, John C. White, January 13th, 1863, Hall Woodworth. a drummer boy, January 9th, 1863, Reuben M. Babcock, January 29th, 1863. Company G lost by death, Joel W. Bliss, January 8th, 1863 and by discharge, John B. Fassett, January 13th. Company H lost by resignation. Captain \\ in. C. Peck. Company I lost by resignation, Charles E. Bancroft, January 15th, 18(13 and by discharge, Asa C. Atherton, January i8th, George A. Peck, January 12th. Company K lost by dis- charge, Edgar F. Sisco, January 12th, Charles Burnell, January 20th and one by desertion. Burton Dean, January loth, making a loss by death of eleven, by discharge 10, by desertion 2, by resignation 2, a total loss of 23 nf the rank and 2 officers of the line, making a total loss, while in this camp, of 2^. This was a sad record for forty days and many others were sick in hospitals in this camp or transferred to Alexandria and Washington, and some sent to Vermont. The most of those who died at this camp were sent home by the companies to which they belonged on a mutually agreed arrangement, the plan of assessment. One was buried at Fairfax Court House, Hiram C. Wolcott of Company E, and at his rerjuest, for he said his wife could not endure the sight of his dead body and didn't want it sent back home. He was a volunteer from Morristown, \"ermont. Disease had made sad havoc in our ranks here, and we w'ere glad to move from the camp that had filled our hearts with so much sorrow. Our comrades had made the supreme sacrifice and died for a noble cause, but they ardently looked forward with high hopes of return to the scenes and associations of boy- hood and looked forward to a life of success and happiness. But why they premattirely cut off and life so short, and we rettirned and still survive, is beyond comprehension, doubtless it was all for the best, possibly eternity will reveal and make plain. Camp Fairfax Court House was no longer our home, and we faced about and by the left tlank marched southerly on our way (said camp rumor) to join LATHAM T. SEAVER, CO. IS, 1862. LATHAM T. SEWER, CO. n. i8Q2. C.ILM \.\ (,. FOSTi:r, CO. 11 1862. C.ILMAN C. EOSTEK, Ci i. I: 1907. .4t Ciiiii[^ Wolf Run Shoals. I'a. 119 General ilurnside and his great army of the Potomac now stuck in the mud, January 20th and 21st, 1863 at Fredericksburg, on his way to capture Riclinmnd. The 13th and 14th regiments at the close of the day's march, January 20th, 1863, halted on the north bank of Upper Occoquan River some fifteen miles southerly from Fairfax Court House which place we called Wolf Run Shoals, because that was the name of a ford in the Occoquan a few rods above our camp which had been, and was constantly used by cavalry and other branches of the service, passing to and from the front line to the army along the Rap- pahannock. It was generally believed that this was only a temporary camp, and our assignment for picket duty up and down the Occoquan would last oitly a few days. It w^as an important position, it being the outer picket line between Washington and Fredericksburg where the great armies of the Potomac and northern Virginia were facing and watching each other on the banks of the Rappahannock. The last trip of our mule teams brought from our old camp near the Court House, everything but the accumulated rations that we were not able to sell, reaching our new camp late in the afternoon of January 25th, and with them came a part of the guard and a little later the convalescent and the rest of the guard and with them came Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh of Company K. The march had been hard and difficult because of the mud, particularly after passing Fairfax Station, and the teams and guard and all were pretty well used up. Lieutenant Marsh who was completely e.xhausted on arrival was taken suddenly ill. Surgeon Nichols was summoned in great haste, and on examina- tion said he was suffering with a relapse with symptoms of cerebro spinal meningitis, and could give no encouragement of recovery. We moved him into our new csmp hospital just at night, January 27th, where he could have better attention and care by the surgeons and nurses. January 28th, commenced that unusual storm of rain and snow and wind; a genuine Vermont blizzard, first rain saturating our cotton tents, then snow, wind and fearful cold. We were in the woods but with all our efforts with axe and hatchet many suffered on account of the severity of the weather. The snow covered and stuck to our tents and drifted about, and under the bottom of them. We put rubber blankets up at the flap openings and with our coats on and laying down on the ground, small trees split into halves, and limbs and bushes to stand and sleep on, managed to pass through the day and night, and the following day without freezing — the ground all about camp inside and outside of tents was a soft porridge of Virginia mud, water and snow. It was fortunate that the mud began to freeze before the wind was high, or else many of our tents would have pulled their stakes in the ground that held them and blown down and away. As it was, a number blew over and one on a stockade collapsed. We did not have umbrellas in the army, so must cut our wood and do other duties without protec- tion, save the rubber blankets which were awkward garments in which to chop down trees. The author well remembers his efforts to keep dry and warm during this storm. Our fires were in the company streets in front of our tents, except now and then one who made a stone and mud fire-place inside of their tent with a stick chimney outside which some of the more enterprising and ingenious boys had already done, and in such cases those inside were cozy and warm, and WII.LIAM HATHAWAY, CO. 1862. A CHARLKS D. HII.LIXGS. CO. li, 1861. .TAMES WILr.ER, CO. I; I S62. .i.\Mi:s \\iLi;i;u. co. r. i8q8. At Camp Wolf Klin Shoals, I'a. 121 these tents were fully occuj^ied until the storm was over. We were passing through an unexpected experience and no one seemed to enjov it. We had heard of General Burnside's campaign at Fredericksburg, and could now see and realize the utter impossibility of moving artillery or wagon trains in any direction at this season of the year. Our duty here was principally picketing along the north bank of the Occoquan river, a small swift running stream tumbling over stony rapids and falls on its way to tidewater and the Potomac, and in such weather as we were now having, such duty was not a very pleasant and eas\- task. Xearly everyone that went out for twenty-four hours returned with a bad cold causing a constant cough from the boys in camp day and night, and the attendance on the surgeon's call was large and increasing daily. January 29th. snow fell six inches deep and with it came a culd northwest wind, all of which reminded us of our w^intcr homes in \'ermont. While all was cold and dreary all about, and every one in camp was shiver- ing with cold and huddled around the slow burning camp fires, we were suddenly and very unexpectedly cheered by the good and welcome news that spread through camp on this morning that the long looked for paymaster had arrived and was to pay off the boys who had been, (many of them) with scarcely a five cent scrip in their pockets for weeks. The I2th regiment was to l:)e paid first, and then our regiment. There was running to and fro from tent to tent anxiously inquiring if the good news was actually true ; we had often heard like news before, and no paymaster came. It had been a long time since we were mustered for pay. and the boys were short of money with which to buy postage stamps, letter paper and envelopes and other little necessaries, and had been disappointed repeatedly and did not at first believe the rtmior that a paymaster was actually in camp with green backs and scrip with which to pay off the boys. We had been mustered for pay at Camp \'ermont, October 31st, and at Fairfax Court House, December 31st. ex- pecting to be paid each time immediately after muster, but not a cent. \\'e had not even icceived a shin plaster since we left Vermont, and the officers a- well as privates were short of green backs. The only circulating medium for weeks were Sutler's checks, little pieces of paste-board, i by 2 inches in size, usually red, figures indicating value and signed by the regimental Sutler and a few promises to pay (ordinary notes), for there was now and then a Shylock among us that had a few dollars to loan at high rates of interest who cared not how many pounds of flesh exacted, for use of a dollar until pay day. The presence of a paymaster this time was a fact, and he paid off the 12th regiment in the forenoon and in the afternoon commenced paying otT the 13th, but did not finish. Company K being at the bottom of the list had to wait. The boys were thankful and happy to once more see a little money to settle up old scores with Sutler and comrades, and have some left to buy tobacco, con- densed milk, butter, cheese, apples, etc. While we had generally plent}' to eat, yet a little change in bill of fare was quite agreeable and much enjoyed. The most of the boys drew their own pay, but many had bought checks of the Sutler, and he was on hand and stood beside the paymaster and got every cent due him whether the soldier had an\- or not. n;rin:x iiii!x?;!.\. c i86s. s'i'i:i'iii:.\ JOHNSON. CO. v., i8Q2. LUCIAN W. WHITE, CO. i; 1869. LUCI.\N W. WHITE. CO. n, 1907. At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 123 The boys who had bought Sutler's checks so freely and lavishly now, for the first time, began to realize the folly of paying fifty cents a pound for butter, twenty-five cents a pound for cheese, fifty cents a can for condensed milk and when they stood by and saw the Sutler take every cent due them, swore by all that was good and great never to play the fool any more by working for the Sutler as they called it, but would thereafter subsist on pork and beans, hard tack and coffee which was good enough, and generally plenty oT it. The pay- master finished paying us off this 30th day of January, and returned to the Station leaving the boys quite happy and contented. It was almost impossible on account of the snow and rain to move in and about camp, mud everywhere, were obliged to build corduroy roads in our company streets and in our tents to keep on top of the ground. The boys were all busy these days laying floors in their tents made from small pine trees split in the middle then laid down split side up, driving down stakes with crotches at the top, lay poles crosswise and lengthwise and cover with pine boughs, and in this way we had a dry place to sleep, but not a very soft bed, but only in this way could we avoid sickness and prevent being almost buried alive. We had many among us good with an axe, and they built miles of corduroy road between our camp and the railroad station, other- wise the supplies could not have been hauled by our mule teams. It is sur- prising how much a regiment of a thousand men would consume each day. The M. D's. (mule drivers), wagoners, had plenty to do all the time and we were occasionally short of food because of the condition of the road from the railroad station to our camp. The first ten days in camp Wolf Run Shoals were the most trying of all our camp life. It was rain, sleet, snow, wind, cold and often down to zero, and disagreeable weather every day. We were on the front line and were required to be vigilent every hour. Our picket duty was down the Occoquan for two miles which was attended with danger and much exposure. No tents on the picket line, and had to be careful about fires, for just across the stream the country for many miles was infested nightly with Mosby's or other guerilla bands and spies on the alert watching our movements for an opportunity to break through our picket line that they might kill, capture, plunder and destroy. The severity of the weather and unpreparedness for the unusual winter, the exacting duties and long marches since crossing Long Bridge, October 30th, numerous changes from camp to camp and the urgent necessity of fitting our brigade for the expected emergency of a great battle between the army of the Potomac and that of Northern Virginia, was unexpectedly strenuous, especially for raw recruits. All this had most thoroughly tried our physical endurance and tested our patriotism, courage and loyalty. Our experience thus far had revealed how superficial was our knowledge of army life when we volunteered. Many had been sent to the hospital, quite a number had died and an unusual number had been discharged, even officers had resigned, and now on the last day of January, 1863, our regimental hospital was crowded and many sick in their company quarters, and were there visited by surgeons Nichols and Crandall. General Burnside's defeat at Federicksburg, the blunder resulting in fearful slaughter of thousands of his bravest veterans, and thousands more wounded and taken prisoners and with such a valiant army 116,000 strong, almost twice LKVI \V. SI'.WIIR. ti). i: i860. Ll'Vi VV. SK.WI-R. CO. U, 1907. WILLIAM M. •irKNKK, lO. 1; 1882. D.VXILI. P.\S.\KTT. CO. B. 1862. At Camp Wolf Run Shoals. f'(/. 125 the number of the enemy, and under such circumstances to be vanquished and out generaled was discouraging in the extreme filhng our hearts with doubt and fear as to what would come next, and the final result of the campaign. The most of our regiment were intelligent and fairly educated and read the papers and were well informed of the progress of the war and could comprehend the full meaning of the repeated and continuous defeats and disaster to the army of the Potomac from the very beginning, from First Bull Run, July, 1861, to Fredericksburg, January, 1863. Even Antietam was only a victory in the sense of preventing the consummation of General Lee's plan to captiu'c Washington. Surel_\- General [McClellan and his brave heroes were entitled to great credit for the service they rendered to their country on the bloody battlefields of Turner's Gap, Fox Gap in the Catoctin \'alley, the desperate charges up the precipitous heights of South Mountain and the great battle on the banks of Antietam creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland in September, 1862. Although these battles were quite even, so far as actual field operations and fighting were concerned, yet General Lee was thwarted in his purpose and obliged to retreat across the Potomac back to Virginia. The condition of our regiment for an aggressive campaign \va.s as good and strong as ever and equally so in the whole brigade. We had not lost heart, nor had our faith weakened as to final result, but could not avoid thought con- cerning the part that we were now likely to take in the then impending contest between the two mighty armies waiting for the spring campaign. These ques- tions were the theme of thought and conversation among us, but the final analysis and conclusion of every thought and discussion was duty still to country regard- less of individual consequences and every other consideration. (Jur regiment had of necessity spent much of its time, aside from picket duty, in building corduroy roads to the railroad station and i)re])aring our camp grounds and tents for winter quarters. The month of February opened with more comfortable weather, and all were comparatively cheerful. Among the quite important events occurring in the regiment during January were the promotions of Adjutant Orlofif H. Whit- ney to be Captain of Company H, Orderly Sergeant Albert Clark of Company I promoted to First Lieutenant of Company G, and James S. Peck advanced to Adjutant. These changes and promotions were made on account of considera- tions of well deserved and meritorious conduct and ability for the places, and they each assumed their positions on February 3rd, and entered upon the dis- charge of their duties, and it was a matter of talk in camp, freely expressed, that these promotions were well deserved. Here for the first time in our history as a regiment arrangements were made, and we commenced target practice, in which all were required to take part. Sickness only, accepted as an excuse. The father and mother of Lieutenant ]^Iarsh of Company K arrived in camp and found their son much improved with prospect of recovery with suit- able care. ^Ir. Marsh and wife were much elated and cheered on arrival, and were very thankful for what had been done by Company K, and the hospital attendants in care of their only son. A tent had been fixed up and floor laid out of s])lit logs and otherwise made comfortable and convenient as possible in c^^ OTIS C. MII.ES, CO. B, 1888. SAMUEI. S. KEVKS, Co. B, \ JOHN RICHAPDSUX, CO. B, 1862. uakm:v imccarron. co. it, 1865. At Caiiif' Wolf Run S.'ioals. J 'a. 127 camp, for the accommodation of Mr. Marsh and wife by Company K, for which attention Mr. ]\Iarsh expressed his appreciation for such unlooked for kindness and attention. Company K boys to the very last man were ready to do everything to promote the comfort of Mr. Marsh and wife, to sympathize with them and encourage the recovery of their son, still in a very critical condition. In the course of a day or two Mr. Marsh arranged with Dr. Nichols' consent and advice to have Lieutenant Marsh moved to a comfortable dwelling house then owned and occupied by a lady by the name of Mary E. Wilcoxson, and this lady was secured to act as nurse. This change from cotton tents to a comfortable old fashioned roomy plantation dwelling house and the procuring of the services of this kind hearted and experienced lady undoubtedly saved the valuable life of a brave Union officer, Ivieutenant Marsh of Company K, though the nurse was in sympath}- with the cause of the Confederacy. On the 1 2th or 13th, we crossed the river and climbed the hills crawhng through the laurel bushes by winding paths up to an old fort or earth works and rifle pits made by the Rebels to guard the ford the year before, and with spade and pick we quickly demolished and leveled them with the ground. We found no guns and saw no Rebs, and therefore no one hesitated. This was the only fort that we took by assault, and the boys wrote many letters home telling of their thrilling experience and the hair breadth escapes on this occasion. We built one fort at Camp Vermont, (fort Lyon), and captured and destroyed one at Wolf Run Shoals. Our life in camp had its bright side as well as dark, for almost daily the teams brought boxes for some of us from our homes filled with chicken and mince pies, fruit cake, butter and cheese, currant jelly, etc., all of which dis- appeared like the morning dew on a hot summer day. When a box arrived to any one in a tent there was a spread at once. The cracker box table covered with rubber blankets for a table cloth was set, and as soon as 'the contents were out and spread and the amount received sized up, a sufficient number of comrade chums, sometimes officers, were invited to come into a Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner. Our boxes started from home in season, but did not reach camp as soon as expected, so we necessarily had to postpone our dinners until the boxes did come, and judging from the loads that were hauled to camp, nearly everyone must have been remembered. And what Christmas dinners these were sent from our homes prepared by willing loving hands, how kind and thoughful were all we left behind and how considerate and anxious for our welfare and happiness. These mid-day dinners were occasions of homelike peace and plentitude once seen once known never to be forgotten. The dear dead, past, gone forever, yet the dear memory of those days as 1 recall them wells up in my heart and I sigh, the eye moistens as I think of the dear comrades of the old days when camping on the banks of the Occoquan. My dear surviving comrades roll back the wheels of time, open wide the gates of memory and whisper the names of tentmates so kind and true long since reunited with the silent majority and it may be that your awakened memory shall be recognized by the immortal spirits of the loved ones waiting on the other shore. ORSON C. TURXKR. Cu. i: I9C7. JOHN llAIRD, CO. B, 1861. CORI'. ZlllA KEVU-S, JR.. CO. I!, 1907. At Camp H'olf Run Shoals. I'a. 129 Our first dress parade in tliis camp was on the 21st. The snuw. rain and mud had interfered since our arrival here, but target practice was an ahiiost daily order, and rewards were offered for such as showed best skill in hitting the bull's eye on the hill across the valley 300 yards and more away ; a few succeeded (accidentally most likely), and were excused from all duty for a week on account of their skill as marksmen. Company K had two so excused, George H. Sunderland and Oliver Parazo. Here too commenced the school for sword instruction, and Colonel Randall suggested that it was quite important to become familiar with the proper use of handling the sword, and that Sergeants, from whose ranks oflicers Vk-ould be chosen to fill vacancies, should cjualify themselves, for in making selections this re(|uisite would be taken into considera- tion. The school was opened on the i8th and a large class was promptly on hand, nearly every sergeant and some of our more zealous and ambitious corporals also joined the class for instruction, their desire to become proficient was commend- able, and their ambition for office, laudable ; this school furnished any amount of fun for the boys that watched the thrusts, strikes, plunges and guards and parries at each other with their little wooden swords. Those who held commissions did not take much interest in this preparatory school. This school of instruc- tion continued from day to day with unabated zeal regardless of weather or other duties. During the rest of the month there was plenty of snow and rain, freezing and thawing, cold and disagreeable. Snow ball battles were frequent and much enjoyed. Company was arrayed against company, battalion against battalion, right wing against the left. It was friend against friend, and all seemed to enjoy this mimic war, many wounded and some captured, some blood flowed and the pure white snow indicating great slaughter, but none reported killed or mortally wounded. The vanqitished in this fight were front and fore- most and full of fight at Gettysburg, and therefore none could teii from conduct in camp who would acquit themselves best in a genuine battle. There was quite a scare at guardmount on the morning of the i6th, and the parties responsible for it no doubt, on reflection, were ashamed. Such episodes were liable to break out most any morning in such weather, and sur- roundings as we had in this camp. The bone and carving disease broke out in all its intensity, and fury and grewsomeness in this camp. Some had heard that the Rebels were wearing rings and charms and making crosses and sending them home to sweethearts as souvenirs made from bones of our .soldiers that fell in the battle at Second Bull Run. In consequence of such stories, and we had good reason to believe there was foundation for them, and therefore a party from our regiment made the trip to Bull Run battlefield to ascertain if any indication of any such hellish desecration. We knew that graves once covered now exposed the remains here and there on that field of the dead of both armies, for we had visited the battlefield of Bull Run while in camp at Union Mills and the Court House. Some of the party returned claiming to have found evidence that substantiated the story and brought with them bones, they said, of dead Rebels, but this likelv was not true. The bones they brought were those of Rebel mules and cows from which many 1IAK\KV M. WAIT, Cd. i; 1862. HARVEV M. WAIT. CO. IS, 1904. At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 131 were busy night and day making rings and crosses, charms and other trinkets to adorn fingers and watch chains to be worn and sent home as souvenirs of the battlefield of Bull Run. Quite a number of the boys of ingenuity and skill with the jack knife were busy here making pipes from laurel roots in great variety and designs, carved on them heads of dogs and other animals in bass- relief, lettered and otherwise ornamented. This occupation raged for weeks like a fever, and finally the boys tired of the innocent amusement and gave up the business. In this dismal and lonesome camp, numerous cases of sickness on account of exposure prevailed, n'lOStly troubles incident to army life. The army itch broke out among us and it was evidently the genuine old fashioned kind such as some of us had when young boys. None of us had forgotten the symptoms, also parasites appeared in great numbers and like the thief at night demanded their share of flesh while we slept. No one could avoid noticing the scratching and contortion of the boys as they walked the company streets or stood in line at roll call ; for want of a better name we called these active crawling midgets "graybacks." Their coming we did not discover, but their staying ([ualities were never forgotten. Our regimental washerwoman Freeman H. Sunderland of Company K made a study of their habits and discovered a remedy that was sure death, and we thanked him then, and remember him still with gratitude. And this kind hearted generous gentleman of the old school still survives, maintaining a home for himself and invalid daughter in the town of Georgia, Vermont, living on the very farm where his highly respective commander General George J. Stannard was born and reared, and only a few rods from the monument erected by the State of Vermont to the memory of this most notable General from the Green Mountain State. Some of our regiment had measles at our last camp near Fairfax Court House, but here it was a regular epidemic for some time, and all who had not had this disease were afflicted with it, and those who were careful not to take cold recovered all right. Most everything that anyone ever had. we had in this camp. The weather seemed to breed disease, and yet our camp was high and on rolling ground, and we took pains to build corduroy roads in our streets and floors in our tents and in front of the headquarters and in nearly every place where necessary to travel. On the 19th of February, Company K lost by death its first soldier, Peter Bovat, a Highgate volunteer. This was the second death in this camp. Comrade Bovat died of congestion of the lungs, would now be called pneumonia. Chancey O. Parker, musician, Company E, died February 5th. Captain Blake of Company K called out his company, and by vote it was arranged to send all home that might die in camp on a plan of individual assessment, and comrade Bovat's body was taken to the railroad station and sent to his home by express to Highgate, Vermont. Quite a serious accident occurred in camp on the 23rd, by the falling of a tree on to an occupied tent of Company E, John H. Mudgett. brother of Henry E., was in the tent and quite seriously injured but recovered and marched with us to camp Carusi, April 2nd, 1863. It was almost a miraculous escape from sudden death. DA.XIHL c.RA.NUV, Cii. V. 1862. DAMICI, (.KANDV, C(>. 1!, 1898. AI.LADUREN STOWKLL, CO. B, 1879. ROWLAND T. ^^LKl•:r.^:^■. en. ii. 1907. At Camp Wolf Run Slifuls. I'a. 133 Our regiment was very much and ha]ipily surprised to receive orders for muster to be paid. No one was looking for the paymaster again so soon, for it was on the last of January when we received two months pay. but so it was and on this last day of February, the 28th, we were nuistered for ])ay and manv of the boys were glad, for it took nearly all. when last paid off. to square up accounts with the Sutler who got the lion's share. To be a regimental Sutler in winter quarters when the boys are frequently ])aid oft' was a lucrative business. The sales were enormous and the profits large and the Sutler soon returned home rich. They, the Sutlers, seldom followed where it was dangerous or where liable to be gobbled up by raiders — they were not soldiers, but parasites in fact of the army ever diligent in reaching out for the few dollars allowed the soldiers for their arduous service. The whole month of February was most disagreeable and trying of any thus far, because of the unusual winter, and only the most hardy could stand cotton tents in camp and shelter tents and bush houses on the picket line in such a winter, and yet there was but little grumbling, for we were becoming acclimated and careful, and cheerfully faced wliatever came as duty necessary to be done to accomplish the great and important work before us. March opened with pleasant weather and the warm sun and south wind dried up the deep mud, but the weather was changeable, rain and snow, light- ning and thunder, gentle wind and furious gale, cold and hot, freezing nights and thawing days. It seemed more disagreeable than the month of March in Ver- mont. The unusual stir on the picket line, the moving of cavalr}' in s(|uads. com- panies and regiments, the vigilance maintained, the constant changes, the rumors of onward movements of the army, the firing on and capturing our videttes and infantry on the picket line, and the wild rumors in camp day and night led us to believe that we should soon be on the march to participate in some great battle. Battalion drill on the 3rd. and then house cleaning in tents and cam]) every where, careful inspection of cook tents and sinks, our water supply, all places in and about camp. Surgeons Nichols and Crandall. and their assistants, giving directions here and there, as occasion demanded, to avoid an epidemic of fever in the approaching Spring. There was indeed much sickness and Surgeon Nichols was putting forth his best efforts to improve the condition of camp and its surroundings to avoid sickness, and to make the boys ready for the more active duty that he well knew was sure to come as soon as the weather permitted. Two regiments, the 12th and 13th were still here, while the 14th, 15th and 1 6th were at Fairfax Station with headquarters at the Court House some four miles from the railroad station. During the 3rd day of March Colonel Wynd- ham, with quite a large body of cavalry, crossed Occoquan just above us at one of the fords on his way back to Fairfax Court House, having been in pursuit of ]\Iosbv and his gang who had captured a picket post on our line west of us between Brentville and Mannassas Gap. Mosby. with his faithful few, could travel faster than \\"\ndham with a large command, hence Mosby was not captured. Mosby was making his almost nightlv raids with considerable success, and he and his bushwhackers knew the countr\- thereabouts and the settlers kepi them full}- infijrmed. and these nightly WILLIAM IIACKIS, CO. I'., 1885. JAMLS M. TIIA^1.I< 186;. WH.rjAM MCDONALD, CO. B, 1870. WILLI A.M MCDD.V ALU. CO. I!, 1906. At Camp Wolf Run Shoals. I'a. 135 forays were becoming quite annoying, but he was alert and resourceful and could not be captured or frightened. Colonel Percy Wyndham was mad because of his failure to overtake and capture ]\Iosby, though in no manner to blame. Mosby was a brave, dashing, and desperate foe, and took many chances and early won his spurs and was rewarded with a commission. On the morning of the gth, news reached our camp that Mosby with his guerrilla followers had passed through our lines and captured and carried away General Stoughton, his stafif and guards, but little credit was at first given to this wild, though important, rumor. It seemed incredible that a raid through our well guarded lines had occurred and none were inclined to believe it. The rumor was however soon confirmed, and our brigadier general and his staf? and guard had been stealthily surprised at midnight while sleeping and dreaming of victory and renown, and unceremoniously hastened rapidly within the Rebel lines on the way to Richmond. Not even a gun or pistol fired nor an alarm of any kind in season to be of any avail. A strong guard was on duty at the Court House; Colonel Wyndham's cavalry between the Court House and Centerville and quite a large force at and about Centerville, notwithstanding, Lieutenant IMo.sby with his twenty-nine selected daring guerrilla heroes (except one Sergeant Ames of a New York cavalry regiment who had deserted and joined Mosby), rode boldly into the little village of Fairfax Court House, passing our picket line between Chantilly and Centerville unmolested, not even challenged, not suspecting them as an enemy and single handed and with cool and daring deliberation gathered four times their number, mounted all on their horses, also captured and placed General Stoughton in the lead with a trusted man by his side holding the bridle of the General's horse and quietly and quickly escaped flanking Wyndham's cavalry on their way, swinging on to the pike boldy rode and passed around Centerville (then strongly guarded j just before day light, our forces supposing them to be Federal Cavalrymen no attention paid to them. They rode deliberate- ly along as if in no hurry. No one dared to utter a sound for each knew it would cost him his life. All had heard of Mosby and knew none would be allowed to escape, and any attempt would likely mean death. They rode leisurely along, reached and swam Cub Run and struck the pike ol Groverton and not having been pursued were safe with the General and some 'of his stafif and orderlies and guards. (Some in the haste and darkness had escaped from Mosby before reaching Centerville; Lieutenant Prentiss and others). Mosby now moved rapidly along and arrived at Culpepper Court House in the early morning turning his prisoners and captured horses over to General J. E. B. Stuart, who, after receiving Mosby's report, congratulated him on the almost imprecedented, bold and daring raid and capture. (A feat as Stuart said unparalleled in modern warfare). To be captured under such cirmuctances by so small a band and by guerrilla Mosby, who was known to be in that locality, was humiliting in the extreme and should not have occurred. We regretted the incident, but very little sympathy expressed for General Stoughton. At least we of the 13th had no comradeship ties that were broken or seriously strained, though Charles Barr of Company K and others of the guard were among the captured. Neither did we of the 13th have any particular alTection I'RANKLIX I). C.KIl-I-rrH, CO. I! 1862. TRAXKUN D. CRIFI-ITH. CO. l). 1907. EDiMUXD WHITCOMIi, CO. li, 1862. Al.r.l.KT U. C11.\SK. CO. 1;, 1875- At Caiiil' Wolf Run Slioals. l'VIA'A.\LS KKVKS, CO. i; 1900. Jt Caiiif^ Wolf Run Sbools. I'a. 141 officers best able to judge said \vc wniild likely for the present remain on the banks of the Occoqiian on picket duty, but there was no question but what an aggressive onward movement was about to me made ; spring was at hand, • ground drying up, roads becoming passible and streams fordable, and the administration of President Lincoln had been putting forth herculean efforts, making every possible preparation for a vigorous campaign, hoping and expect- ing signal success and the close of the bloody war so awful thus far in loss of life and property. President Lincoln grieved over the awful slaughter of Second Hull Run. South Mountain, Antietam and Frederisksburg, and comprehended better than his Generals that but little had thus far been accomplished in van(|uishing the foe and bringing the war to a close. March 28th, rainy and dismal, Sunday the 29th, warm and summerlike, the 30th, cold north wind, the 31st, rain and snow all day and all who could, re- mained in their tents. April ist, a cold freezing morning, and we crawled out to answer the early morning roll call chilled and shaking in the cold blast of wind from the north. Everybody ugly and low spirited on account of the sudden and unusual change. In the afternoon we received marching orders to go down the Occoquan to be ready to strike tents and march at seven o'clock in the morning. Some said this was an April fool and the news too good to be accepted. All were anxious to leave this camp, for here had been much sickness and suiifering on account of the severity of the weather and the arduous duties of camp and on the picket line. ( )ur rations here had been good and plentiful, and vie had soft bread and fresh beef twice a week. Our hard tack was better, not so old, but before eating we broke each open to see if it was still alive and kicking. Some of us soaked our hard tack in coffee before attempting to eat it and from habit examined our coffee to see that there were no worms in the bottom of the cup. April 2nd was a beautiful spring day, a balmy breeze from the south, the woods were fragrant with the coming spring, numerous birds of beautiful plumage and melodious song flitted from limb to limb and filled the air with their glad songs of praise, the king of songsters, the mocking bird from tree-top joined his carolling melody and we of the Northland were entranced by these harbingers of spring and summer. The new camp was indeed to us an earthly paradise; and the boys of the 13th were happy and expressed their joy, too, in merrj' songs, jokes, hearty laughter and smiling faces. When all was ready, we leveled our city of cotton tents, shouldered our knapsacks and guns and started on the march at eight o'clock down the Occoquan. We marched through the open fields and thick groves of pine and oak along the uneven banks of the river nearby, while our mule teams went around b>- a traveled highway. Though glad to- leave this camp, and hoping never to return, there were many incidents that likely wotild never be forgotten. The author will, however, mention some of the facts of our regimental history at this camp. Wolf Run Shoals, before passing to other scenes and a new camp. Major Lawrence D. Clark of the Field resigned March 31st. and started for Washington where he had been (|uite frequently in consultation with General Casey about joining the navy, and to his disappointment on arriving KUCAR A. IIASTIN'CS, CO. H, 1862. EDC.AR A. HASTIXGS, CO. 11, 1907. (.i:iiKC,K S. CH.\r.MAX. en. B, 1896. CII.\RI.i:s I). •I'nWI.K. CO. 1; 1885. At Catnp IVolf Run Shoals, Va. 143 at Washington found that he had jtist a few days before passed the age Hmit for admission into that branch of the service, and now much grieved and dis- appointed returned home to Vermont and resumed his occupation of farming and usual place in society, taking no further part in the suppression of the Rebellion as a soldier. Further mention will be made of him in connection with the company history of Company K. Company A lost by death, at camp Wolf Run Shoals, Joseph Ayers, died January 27th, 1863, by discharge, Barney Breslin, January 24th, Company B, lost by discharge, James ]\I. Thayer, January 22nd, Horace Trask, January 31st at Brattleboro, Vt. and Wm. AI. Turner, March 6th at Brattleboro. Company C lost by resignation. Lieutenant Geo. S. Robinson, February i6th, by death, Charles C. Coburn, January 26th, Milo L. Frost, March 6th, Abraham Lezer, March i6th, by discharge, Samuel Crozier, February 20th. Company D lost by resignation, Lieutenant John M. Rolfe, January 30th, by discharge, John A. Greenough, February ist. Company E lost by death, Chajicey O. Parker, February 5th, Cornelius V. Sessions, March 20th, by discharge, Joshua Luce, February i8th at Brattleboro, Ranson B. Goodell, February 15th. Company F lost by resignation, Captain John L. Yale, February 6th, by death, Rueben Babcock, January 29th, by discharge, Harmon H. Ballon, February 28th, Charles H. Dunton, March 17th, Willis T. Wells. February 2nd. Company G lost by discharge, Edwin P. Brown, March 29th, Norman Hogaboom, March i6th, Charles Levelette. March i6th at Brattleboro. Company H lost by resignation. Captain Wm. V. Peck, January 25th, by death, Eli A. Richard, February 25th, Walter Bush, March 4th, Hiram Foster, March 25th, by discharge Charles R. White, February 3rd, Jasper Lyman, February 17th, at Brattleboro, Eben F. Perkins, March 29th. Company I lost by discharge. Consider W. Brink, January 31st at Brattleboro, Isaac K. Davis, February ist, Wm. Noyes, February 28th at Brattleboro, Alva Rowell, April ist, Prentiss C. Wright, January 31st at Brattleboro. Company K lost by resignation. Second Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh. February 17th, by death, Peter Bovat. February 19th, Wm. Burgess, March 24th, by discharge. Homer A. Burnell, February 25th, Welling- ton Clark, March 29th, Lorenzo L. Pomeroy, Jr., February i8th, making a total loss by resignation five, by death twelve, by discharge twenty-five, a total of forty-two. It will be observed that death and disease made a far more sad and serious depletion in our ranks in this camp (Wolf Run Shoals), than at Fairfax Court House, there twenty-five and here forty-two. All were thankful to leave this winter camp. The very name Wolf Run Shoals fitly characterized the place and none of us ever after referred to it even to this day with any degree of pleasure or satisfaction, and now after forty-four years of reflection recalling to mind in detail all that occurred there, am I able to state a single act or deed of any kind (except those of humanity), that command praise or admiration, unless it be patience, courage, endurance, fortitude, devotion and determination to remain steadfast and loyal to the end. We arrived at our new camp late in the afternoon of April 2nd. elated and joyous with so pleasant a location, beautifully situated, a broad open field of meadow and pasture land surrounded with groves of pine and oak on an CORP. JOHN Di'I.I'lI. CO. I!, Recent date. I,. TUdMPSOX SI'iiDDAIU), Co. I: 1862. K.\TON .\. IIKATII, C(i. l8f)3. At Camp Canisi, Va. 145 elevated plateau overlooking the Occoquan less than a mile south and many miles of the broad Potomac in the distance and a facinating view of miles of farm lands to the far south and east. It was indeed a charming spot, an ideal camp ground. Nature had lavishly surrounded this locality with its richest attractions of river, creek and brook, hills and valleys, forests of pine, cedar, oak, chestnut, walnut and cherry, bushes of laurel and hazlenut with mistletoe hanging in festoons from tree and bush and running pine nestling among the brown leaves of autumn, dotted with quaint old dwellings large and small, scattered here and there, convenient to great springs and flowing streams of pure water overlooking the broad Potomac for many miles toward the sea. It was all we could ask for as a camp-ground, and only some 30 miles to the Rappahannock where General Hooker and General Lee were preparing for battle; some of the more timid among us said would willingly remain here until the war was over. No particular danger here at this time. We were near the public road leading from Fairfax Court House to the flat country on the north side of the low banks of the Occoquan, Pohick Church and Mount Vernon, also the direct road to Fredericksburg and to the South counties. It seemed to us as we gazed west and south that we were now out of the wilderness and in sight of the promised land, and looked forward anticip- ating better days. Our surroundings were much better than at our old camp. Wolf Run Shoals. We named this new camp Widow Violet, Camp Carusi, and Camp Occoquan and each used the name that pleased him most. The first two were of local celebrity, once owners of the land we occupied, and the Occoquan, the one we liked best, named on account of the river and village nearby. We were near what was once the great thoroughfare of Fairfax County, over which General Washington and others of the F. F. V. often travelled in those early days to and from Fairfax Court House and Mount Vernon, and when journey- ing to Fredericksburg, King Williams Court House and Richmond. We had heard and read of those that once owned and occupied this attrac- tive part of Virginia and could now realize why the early settlers of our country selected this location for homes. There was still evidence here and there of former thrift and activity. Old mansions and churches erected in the days ot Washington were still to be seen in this section, some of which were in a good state of preservation. We camped for the first night in a small pine grove. Our tents did not arrive in season nor had Colonel Randall fully decided where to locate and lay out his camp ground. In the morning we discovered black snakes crawling around evidently having been warmed up by the many camp fires we had built and kept burning during the night. They were not agreeable bed-fellows but said to be harmless, but just the same ever after we were on the lookout for these long black snakes as we were told were quite numerous in this locality. They were six or eight feet long and some of us preferred Johnnie Rebs in camp instead. Colonel Randall selected a plot of land adapted to our convenience and necessity, to which we moved, cleared, and cleaned up, laid out in regular manner, and erected our tents all in military style. More than usual care was taken to have tents and company streets on straight lines, everything done JOHN" HIXKS, CO. II, i860. Wll.I.l \.\l II. IK \SK 18X4. i-U.\XCIS VKKNON CR.WK, dl. I'., 1862. At Camp Canisi. I'a. 147 agreeal)le to previous instruction as to laying out camps that it might be all right when complete. The boys took special care and pride in laying out this camp ground, having each company street the same width and straight and tents on a line at equal distance from each other and everything at right angles so when up it would be attractive and convenient, each company vieing with the other in having their work well done. Our cotton A tents and wall tents that we occupied as our living quarters were situated at the east side near the timber, on a large plot of meadow and pasture land that had been in use for many years before the war in raising cotton, corn, sweet potatoes and other crops. Not far away were groves of small pine and oak.. All about, the land was quite level and well adapted for battalion and regimental drill and for dress parades. Here the cherry and persimmon seemed to flourish which grew much like the horse plum and black cherry in our Northern homes. In rear of our camp was a slow running brook sufficient for our purposes that wound its way among the trees to the flat marsh land on its way to the Occoquan. There were a number of fine springs of good water near by for drinking and cooking purposes, plenty of growing pine and oak for fire and other pur- poses, and all abotit us were pitch pine fences which made a quick hot fire. The natives protested against our using their fences and we were told to let the rails alone, but the fences gradually like the snow, melted away, di"y pine rails more convenient and we could not always wait for green wood with which to cook and make our coffee, especially when hungry and cold, and some of the boys were indolent and lazy and had no respect for the Neutrals (as they called themselves) or the rail fences. At the close of the second day tents were all up and in good shape for keeping house again, and we waited quite anxiously for our teams to come with rations. Our haversacks and stomachs were empty and some were impatient and unnessarily anxious. The usual guard was at once stationed around the camp and quite a laige detail sent down the river on picket duty about a mile south. Our camp was busy for a number of days fixing up bunks made of small poles raised about twelve inches and supported at four corners by crotched sticks driven into the ground covered with pine and cedar boughs which we used for tables, chairs and beds. To keep our guns, straps and clothing clean required constant atten- tion and this was a daily duty not to be omitted that we might look neat and tidy and avoid criticism on Sunday inspections. Our tents were up none too .soon for in the morning, April 5, the ground was covered with a foot of snow and a cold blast of wind from the north drifted it into piles outside and inside our tents. This was a great surprise to us as well as to the natives, for they said, had never seen a storm like it so late in the sprmg. It was like a genuine March blizzard in Vermont. The buds and leaves had started, fruit trees almost ready to blossom and the inhabitants were putting in their garden seeds and preparing fields for cotton, sweet potatoes corn and other crops usually grown in this section. This snow storm was like many we had in that lonesome and dreary camp, Wolf Run Shoals, but it lasted only a day or two. for on the 7th the warm south ^vind and hot rays from a tDWIN I',. ATKINS, CO. 1862. KDWIX r.. ATKIXS, CO. 1!, 1907. EUGK.NK NICHOLS. Co. H 1863. ECC.KNE NICHOLS, CO. II, 1895. At Camp Canisi. J 'a. 149 cloudless sky suddenly melted the snow, dried up the mud and again every in- dication of Spring. Fair ladies having now arrived in camp the boys took pride in having every- thing in and about camp tidy, orderly and clean. We resumed battalion drill again on the 8th. Our Colonel was bent on having his regiment the best drilled of any in the brigade, and when weather permitted we were out on the parade ground being instructed in all the military evolutions and manoeuvers laid down in Hardees' Tactics. Fast day came on the 9th and Colonel Randall, accom- panied by officers and ladies, with the drum corps for music, went for a sail down the Occoquan as far as Potomac. It was a lovely day and they reported a pleasant trip long to be remembered. Our gallant and genial Colonel as all remember, was a very courteous gentleman and extremely partial to the ladies and he of course furnished them with every attention that their visit and stay among us might aliford them exictement and pleasure; and some were so much taken up with camp life they remained until June and departed with regret. The weather continued warm and pleasant, frost and winter gone and the boys when not on the picket line, battalion drill, or guard about camp, when passes could be obtained were visiting farm houses, Occoquan village. Mount Vernon, only ten miles to the northeast where many went, Alexandria and Washington and occasionally a strong guard would cross the river at Occoquan Village travel miles south, visit plantations in search of Rebels that they believed belonged to Mosby's guerrilla band, but we captured none that could be indenti- fied as belonging to his bold and lawless raiders. We believed that they were all the while acting under orders from General J. E. B. Stuart and other officers. They were acquainted with every road and path and hiding place, and we were not, hence our failure to overtake and capture any. We saw some old men and young boys and plenty of maidens and occasionally a darky. The al- most nightly raids along our picket line gobbling up a picket post here and there was the cause of the beating of the long roll in camp so often, generally in the dead of night. The quick call to arms expecting a sudden attack from Mosby, with whom we were now quite too well acquainted, was always attended with more or less confusion in camp. He, Mosby, and his minions would come and go like a thief at night and we could not capture or find their secluded rendezvous or hiding places. All doubtless remember the hurried call from the Ferry down to Occoquan Village to protect and support cavalry that were on the other side, the river having risen they could not ford or swin and the ferry boat had broken away and floated down the stream. The cavalry thought a force of Rebel cavalry was in pursuit to capture them. Company K went on a double quick down to the ferry, remained until night and then Company E relieved and K returned to camp. Not a Rebel cavalryman came in sight. Our fellows across the stream were a little rattled and that is all, and it may well be doubted if any force within twenty miles, for General Stoneman with 10,000 finely equipped and well organized cavalry was on his way to cross the upper Rappa- hannock and move around Lee's left flank and rear. Rumor reached us that Colonel George J. Stannard had been promoted and made a brigadier Genera;l and assigned to the commajid of the 2nd Vermont JOHN C. CAXKRDV. Cn. i: 1862. CIIAL'XCKY r. CAKPKXTKR, CO. B, 1862. .) AMES SIIANLKY. CO. 1:. 1862. JAMES Sll ANI.l'A. 1890. At Camp Canisi, J 'a. 151 Brigade, which had the liearty approval of every soldier in the 13th regiment and the brigade. He was a Vermonter that we knew and wonld not hesitate to follow. He had shown himself to be made of the genuine Ethan Allen stufl:' at Harper's Ferry, when Colonel of the 9th Vermont, at the time of the useless surrender by Colonel Miles of his whole force without making an etiort to fight or escape on September 15th, 1862. General Stannard was a native of Georgia, \'t., and from St. Albans, and we of Company K the 13th and Comapny E the 12th (many of us) were per- sonally acquainted with him and had full confidence in his prowess and ability and would unhesitatingly follow wherever he might direct or lead. No state furnished any better material in the volunteer service than General George J. Stannard. of St. Albans, Vt., and none made a more brilliant record I saw him often during the battle of Gettysburg, especially at the time and place of General Pickett's famous charge. General Stannard originated and made the order (General Pickett's manner of advance having furnished the opportunity) during the charge, namely, "Change front forward on first company," this brought his brigade on General Pickett's flank at Short Range and his Green Mountain boys, (every one of which) were good shots fired volley after volley in quick succession, strewing the ground with .'t thousand of Pickett's heroic dead in less than thirty minutes. It was the comprehensive foresight and native inspiration that made and executed this now famous order that resulted in the great slaughter and defeat of General Pickett's intrepid veterans, and the complete vanqui.shment of General Lee's mighty army on this field which was covered at the close of the 3rd and last day of fighting with 20,000 and more of the dead and wounded in about equal numbers of those that wore the blue and gray. April loth again reported that we were soon to join Hooker on his way to take Richmond. Many say, nothing to this rumor for only veterans would be accepted by Hooker and the papers said he had already a mighty army of 125,000 with 400 cannon and cannoneers sufficient to handle them and did not want any more men ; that he was now only waiting for an opportune moment to cross the Rappahannock, give General Lee battle and push his army back and capture Richmond. Notwithstanding the silly rumors afloat we remained at Camp Occoquan, daily drilling and guarding with vigilence our picket lines and preparing as well as we could for marching and fighting at any moment. Many in camp sincerely believed that General Hooker would vanquish Lee's army and march into Richmond and end the war before June ist, and there was much indeed to encoitrage such a prediction. General Burnside had failed, but the administration manifested great confidence in General Hooker's ability to accomplish what the army of the Potomac had in two years of campaigning and hard fighting failed to do, and so on this beautiful Spring day, Sunday. April 19th. all is quiet along the Occoquan. Considerable sickness in camp, many of the sick have been sent to Alex- andria and placed in the hospitals. Our Chaplain, Rev. Joseph Sargant, died at mid-night. April 20th, and his body was taken on the 22nd by Captain Bostwick to Washington to be sent home to W'illiston, \'ermont. , R()\ AL URDWAV, Co. n. 1862. •ROYAL (IKDWAV. CI). P., IQ06. CORP. CHARLKS P. CARPKNTKK. Cd. I: 1873- II i;nr\ m ' K'i \ l8()2. At Ca)np Carusi, J'a. 153 In less than six weeks, Captain Bostwick was taken down with fever, re- signed, and died before reaching home. Not an officer of the hne more universally loved and respected or one who gave better promise of fulfilling every requirement as an officer and soldier. His mother learned of his illness. hastened from Vermont, reached our camp and started with her only son for home, but too late. The mother, broken hearted, soon followed and side by side they have slept these many years awaiting for the final resurrection. The author, though not of the same company, soon became well acquainted with this young officer of charming personality. To see and know him was a rare privilege. The recollection of him has been a precious legacy. This untimely death was much regretted. A loyal, brave soldier that loved his country and laid down his life for its preservation. Conditions now permitted two from each company daily, to be given passes to visit Mount Vernon, Occoquan Village. Fairfax Station and the citizens outside our picket lines. The author in com- pany with Fernando C. Wilett of Company G on the i6th made the march to Mount Vernon and returned on the 17th in a rain storm, stopping over night about a mile this side of Mount Vernon at an old mansion then occupied by ; Mr. Mason which was kept as a sort of a hotel to accommodate the boys when making visits to and from Mount Vernon. Our regiment received information about this date that our Brigadier General, George J. Stannard, would make us a visit about the 25th. Great preparations were made to have everything neat and clean and in good order. We policed the grounds, set out rows of small pine and cedar trees around our camp and in the company streets, fixed up tents, scoured and burnished our guns and bayonets, etc., brushed up our dress coats and caps and blacked our army shoes. Everything was done that we might the better show respect to our distinguished guest. On Sunday April 26th, about nine o'clock, General George J. Stannard made his first official visit to our regiment, accompanied by a large body guard, a part of the 7th Michigan cavalry. A perfect day, warm and pleasant, and all were happy and in high glee because our Brigadier General was making us an official call. The order came "Fall in," and the way we went led by our Colonel out on the parade ground and there under the steady gaze of our General went through the various evolutions for an hour or more. The 7th Michigan cavalry gave an exhibition of drill that pleased all, for it demonstrated how perfectly horses could be taught military drill and evolutions by sound of bugle and use of bridle and spur. After the drill was over our regiment was formed into a hollow square into which rode General Stannard, led by Colonel Randall. He was introduced by our Colonel in a brief and eloquent speech to which General Stannard responded in his quiet and modest manner praising us for soldiery appearance, fine drilling and good looks, the neat and orderly appearance of our camp grounds, and said, "I have no fear if ever it should be my privilege to lead you into battle, but what you will be brave and fearless and acquit yourselves with credit and honor to Vermont" ; and in closing heartily thanked us for the very flattering and agreeable reception ac- corded him. Three hearty cheers spoke our appreciation of him and the com- pliments given. The drill and ceremony were over and the General and his 1862. WALTER C. Dl-MICK, Cd. i: DAVID GLKASON, CO. li, 1862. DA\1D C.I.EASDX. (.( 1886. At Camp Carusi, J'a. 155 guard moved out into the highway rapidly down the road out of sight and on their way to Fairfax Station. This had been a great occasion for the boys and all were elated and proud because of such a fine display, creditable appearance and orderly conduct and on account of the complimentary remarks made by our General. The officers of the line praised the rank and file and they, in reph'. com- plimented their officers. This had been a busy day and thoughts of home and our immediate future had not for a single moment engaged our attention. The review was over and night came and we laid down to rest and to dream of home and desperate struggles on the field of battle. These two subjects now burdened our thoughts night and day. On the next day after General Stannard left us, all were agreeably sur- prised to learn of the presence of the paymaster. The boys had been short of green backs and scrip for some time. The visits to Mount Vernon, Alexandria and out among the settlers after milk, butter, etc., had made an unusual demand on our pocket books and nearly all were flat and empty. We received the four months pay ($52.00) with pleasure and hearty thanks to Uncle Sam. The 29th, drill and routine duties, and on the 30th, battalion drill and muster again for pay. The army regulations required a monthly muster on the last of each month, and this was called being mustered for pay. It was a full and complete statement on blanks furnished for the purpose in duplicate of the standing of every member of each company and all in any way connected with each regiment by way of enlistment. The mustering officer, unless someone especially provided. was the commandant of each camp or post. This tabulation when made up was called the muster roll containing a complete list of names of each company whether present for duty, sick in hospital, or away on detail duty, or absent for any cause, deaths, discharges, resignations. It did not follow because mustered each month for pay that we were paid monthly. Various reasons effected dates of pa3ment. It was now spring in Virginia and if ever a lot of fellows were gald to see it they were the soldier-boys of the 13th Vermont Regiment. The duties of a soldier at any time of the year during active campaigns is an arduous life, especially in a Virginia winter like that of 1862-3; only those, the most hardy and stalwart and with an unyielding determination, uncomplainingly responded to every duty and cheerfully and manfully did their very best to ad- vance the cause that induced them to volunteer. May ist, being I\Iay Day at home, our camp was early astir for breakfast, guard mount, etc., hoping in some manner to celebrate the day in camp as we were accustomed to do at home. The harbingers of spring had come and moved Northward to the green hills we adored and loved so intensely. Colonel Randall in the goodness of his heart, (for if any Colonel ever loved his boys, it was he,) gave orders and permission to roam about and go and do whatever pleased us most, but not to stray far away nor play any tricks or pranks on the settlers ; to behave well, and be sure and not go m small squads outside the picket line, and take any chances of being shot or picked up by some of Mosby's bushwhackers. Even our mules long before sunrise commenced the celebration of the day with their melodious brayings just outside in the edge of the woods to the right and rear of our tents. All seemed, to enjoy this day; there OSCAR A. STEARXS, CO. P. 1880. LOREN li. REKD, CO. B, i860. BVKOX J. SIOCKWKLI., CO. 1:, 1861. CHARLES C. INGALLS, CO. H, .It Camp Cunisi. I 'a. 157 was ball playiny, running, jumping, and wrestling in and about camp, roaming in the woods, down the Occoquan fishing, some visiting the settlers in search of bread and milk, butter, ham, etc., and a mid-day meal outside of camp, of hoe cake and bacon, and also some were anxious to see the girls to whom they had already become quite friendly at least. The girls were a little reserved and shy. Had evidently seen and heard of the Blue Coats before and quite probable some had lovers in the Rebel army. These Southern girls were most bitter to\\ards those who wore the uniform of a soldier and evidently true and loyal to the cause of the Confederacy. Our boys, as a rule, were courteous and well- behaved to the dwellers thereabouts and paid well in good money for what they had, and at this time we had plenty of money and were always free and liberal in the use of it. We had no occasion to save it for the future, for the life of a soldier was too uncertain, but little thought w'as given as to what we should do when the war was over. I verily believe every intelligent soldier in our regi- ment (and most were intelligent) fully realized at this date the uncertainty of ever returning home. Impending battles, were surely near at hand. The philosophy of the soldier (it is said) "Be merry and happy to-day and take no thought of the morrow", and too many of us acted accordingly. This Ma\' Day in \irginia w-as much enjoyed and one still fresh in memory. It was indeed one of the golden days of our soldier life. The close of this May day brought all back to camp without an accident, and all were happier because of a day of freedom of thought and action outside of camp. It was the universal expression that this was by far the best day we had seen since we crossed Long Bridge into old Virginia. There were at this time ladies in camp from \^ermont, wives of officers, who with their husbands, with our Colonel as leader, enjoyed the day in and about camp. Colonel Randall was alert and vigilant during these active and strenuous times at the front and at the same time very gallant to the ladies in camp but did not propose to furnish Mosby and his guerillas any opportunity to ride into his camp day or night and gobble him up as General Stoughton had been. On the 2nd, day of May our curiosity was aroused as to what was occurring to the south of us, for we could distinctly hear the heavy, deep rumbling of cannonading in the direction of Fredericksburg. A move of General Hooker's army forward had been for some time an- ticipated, and we thought from the roar of cannon it had commenced; every- thing about us, the movement of troops, changing positions, strengthening the picket line, hurrying the sick off to hospitals, inspections, continuous drills, all were indications that a vigorous spring campaign all along the line had already com- menced. Our camp was intensely excited and aroused in consequence of the booming of cannon in the direction of Fredericksburg knowing full well the situation of the army of the Potomac and General Hooker's contemplation to push on. General Hooker, had assured the President on his recent visit to Falmouth that his army was ready and equal for the task, and that he could do what other Generals, McDowell, McClellan, Pope and Burnside had failed to accomplish. He encouraged and assured President Lincoln of the vanquish- ment of General Lee's army, the capture of Richmond, and the end of the war. This indeed was a noble ambition, and up to the 2nd day of May, 1863, General At Caiiil^ tarusi, la. T50 Hooker's maneuvering of his great army gave promise of success and the con- summation of his laudable and burning desire to defeat General Lee and end the war. It is true he had the best organized, equipped, officered, largest, bravest and in every way most efficient army that ever had been mobolized on this continent ; and there appeared to be no good reason, if well handled, why the mighty and valorous army of the Potomac should not succeed. On the morning of May 3rd owing to the cannonading south of us, that we heard on the previous day, our camp was up early, anxious to ascertain what news, if any, from General Hooker and his valiant army at the front, and if any orders to move ; every soldier in camp was alert and anxious, but only rumors of battles, victory and defeat were rife throughout camp. During the after- noon, Sutlers with their teams and goods reached the ferry at Occoquan \'illage seeking passage across on their way back to Alexandria and Washington, anxious to be out of danger to themselves and possible loss of their goods, and they informed us that General Hooker had crossed the Rappahannock with his whole army and a great battle was being fought and that General Lee was on the retreat. This news coming fresh from Falmouth and vicinity and was con- sidered authentic and reliable. It was indeed encouraging and welcome news and it spread through our camp like the beating of the long roll, and smiling faces and cheering words spoke the hope and gladness of every heart. We momentarily, and I may say anxiously, awaited for orders to strike tents and follow on in support of the army of the Potomac. There were many in our regiment since that little affair at Fairfax Court House on the 28th of Decem- ber, when General J. E. B. Stuart charged in against us, that were anxious to try their courage and skill in a good square genuine fight, and some said this will be our only chance, and we can march to Hooker's army in 24 hours, and be in season to assist in fighting our way into Richmond. We intently listened to the rumbling sound of cannon all the day long and those, the more familiar with the sound, said that our army was on the advance. Monday, the wind being directly from the south all day long, we distinctly heard the continuous roll of artillery and we now knew a battle was in progress between the great armies of the Potomac and Northern Virginia, and all in our camp felt confident of victory for our side. During the day of May 4th, our regiment received marching orders and it is said our brigade was to start in a few hours, that other troops were to take our places on the picket line, that General Stannard had been ordered to advance his command as fast as possible to the front. No definite information however obtainable to what division or corps we had been assigned, but many seemed to think and expressed the hope that we should be assigned to General Sedgwick's corps the 6th, in which was the ist Vermont Brigade. No possible change would have suited the 2nd Vermont Brigade so well as to have found this rumor to be true. Many of tis had relatives and friends in the old Vermont brigade ; and were considerably elated over the prospect of being with them. Though it was certain a great battle had been in progress at the front with every prospect that we should be on the march any hour, yet Captain Thatcher of Company I started for Washington with quite a large sum CAI'T. LliWIS L. CUUUR.V, CD. C, 1862. 1ST. LIEUT. CEOROK S. KdUlX^nN, CO. C, 1862. 1ST'. I.IEUT. WILLI. \M E. M.\RTIN, CO. C 1863. At Camp Cant si, Va. i6i of money to send to Vermont so says Peter Dewey's diary of that date, May 4tli, 1863. Captain Thatcher was a scholarly gentleman, and no doubt the patriotic impulses of his heart were as solicitous and honorable as any officer of the Line, but it was evident that he was not as well calculated for the desperate struggle of battle as his associates. It has been demonstrated again and again to be a physical impossibility for some to go into battle. Captain Thatcher returned from Washington on the evening of the jt\\ bringing papers containing news of a great battle and the defeat of General Hooker at Chancellorsville, and the withdrawal of his whole army back across the Rappahannock. We had expected to move on the 4th, 5th, and 6th, but did not, and it was now evident why. Defeat at Chancellors- ville and the retreat back to the north banks of the Rappahannock and Falmouth explained why. There was nothing talked of in our camp for days only about General Hooker's defeat. Some in their charity said, "Not a defeat but a change of base," others, "A sharp fight and a retreat in good order to make ready to fight on some other day," and similar remarks. The fact was (and the officers knew it as well as the rank and file, but all were careful about criti- cising superior officers) that we had suffered a most humiliating defeat. The public press, though conservative, admitted as much, and it fell like a thunder- bolt from a clear sky on the Union cause, and no satisfactory explanations given. President Lincoln and his Cabinet were amazed, alarmed, and deeply afifected, and could not account for the unlooked-for disaster. There was no good and sufficient reason given (nor has there ever been one offered) why the army of the Potomac should not have been successful in this battle unless it be the lack of ability in General Hooker to properly man- oeuvre and light so great an army as he then commanded. He was simply out- generaled by Lee, and that is likely the full explanation. General Hooker's literary executor, Samuel P. Bates, in his aritcle page 218 \'ol. 3, "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," reports what General Hooker said while on a tour of examination of the battlefield at Chancellorsville in October 1876 on approaching a certain pine tree and pointing it out said, "It was under that tree that Lee and Jackson planned the mode of attack and devised the mischief which routed and came near ruining my army." This statement is an admission of one of the causes of defeat, and want of ability to handle a great army and fight the same to its best advantage was another cause. In fact as a commander he was not in the same class with such officers as General Lee, General Longstreet, General Jackson and Generals Grant, Sher- man, Sheridan and Meade. Hooker had an army of 130,000, as it was claimed, 404 cannon, were well drilled and fed, and in the best condition for offensive operations and under him were many able and distinguished officers, corps commanders of experience, while General Lee had about 60,000 with 170 pieces of artillery. Hooker took his own time to prepare for this important movement, selected his positions for the attack and battlefield and surprised General Lee and crossed the Rappahannock without his knowledge, placed his army as suited him best. SKRGT. DIKIIAM A. M AUMLE, CO. C. 1862. . SERGT. DrRHAM A. M AKHLK, id. C. 1896. At Camp Canisi, Va. iC^;^ reached the held of contest in splendid order and good fighting trim. His men were as brave and the eqttal in battle as those of General Lee, and his guns were better and he had nearly two to Lee's one of men and guns. General Howard on the right was not to blame because General Lee sent Stonewall Jackson to attack the right flank then held by the nth army corps and commanded by General Howard, General Hooker blundered in sending General Sedgwick with the 6th army corps to that awful and useless slaughter of Marie's Heights, and for ordering General Sedgwick, who was miles to the left, to hasten to his support when he had 80,000 with him at Chancellorsville and neglecting on May 3rd to put the First and Fifth army corps both fresh, in good fighting condition, into action, and to have so arranged and made known his plans to others so that his combined forces could have been brought into united and active co-operation on the field of battle. To be sure General Hooker was injured in the forenoon of May 3rd at the Chancellorsville House and the army for a while was without a leader. General Couch, the next in rank, should have been more fully instructed by General Hooker before the battle to provide against a contingency of death or disability. The attacking party must not omit a single detail and no excuse can be oft'ered for such negli- gence. General Couch should have been fully advised that he might have assumed command sooner after Hooker's disability on the battlefield. J lie Hooker was a good, fearless, and brave fighter, but when called to handle and fight a larger force than a corps, was not equal to the demand, and this statement is fully warranted by the way the Chancellorsville battle was fought, the Union army being hurled and driven back in great haste and con- fusion to the north bank of the Rappahannock. The consensus of opinion among military writers of to-day is, that it was a mistake to have given General Hooker command of the great army of the Potomac. General Hooker as a Commander of a great army had not been tried. His subsequent career demonstrated his fighting activity, his true devotion to cause and country. The death of that brave, conscientious, and indomitable fighter Stonewall Jackson may have been the Providential incident that saved our army from more humiliating defeat, and possibly, capture. Thomas Jonathan Jackson was ever ready and willing to do his duty to the utmost, not for him to question why, but to obey. He was not a great General like Lee, Joseph E. Johnson, Albert Sidney Johnston, Longstreet, Hill and J. E. B. Stuart, but an unyielding dashing intrepid fighter of great magnet- ism and prowess. Quite a number of changes occurred in our regiment while at Camp Widow Violet, and perhaps the most important was the resignation of Lieutenant Colonel A. C. Brown to accept, at the earnest request of Governor Holbrooke, the position of Commissioner of the Board of Enrollment of the First Con- gressional District of \'ermont. This was a general disappointment, for the Colonel had fully demonstrated his fitness and courage to command when he had charge of our regiment in the night attack of General Stuart at Fairfax Court House, December 28th. He was a fine man of good character and well thought of and we were sorry to have him leave us. We knew of course there were plenty of others who could take his place and fill it with credit. Captain SERGT. CHARLES A. WATSUX, OK C, SEUr.T. CllAKLES A. WATSOX, CO. C, 1863. 1898. SERGT. CHARLES SHKPARU, CO, C, 1863. SERl.r. CHARLES SHEPARD, Co. 1906. At Camp CiirKsi, I 'a. 165 Wni. D. AJunson, of Company D was promoted to the position of Lieutenant Colonel on Alay 5th. The whole regiment was pleased with the promotion of Capt. jMunson. Everyone recognized his superior qualifications for the place, he being a graduate of Norwich University. Major Clark had resigned on the last of March and Capt. Boynton of Company E was promoted Major and entered at once upon the discharge of his duties as such. Also Colonel Randall's brother. Rev. Edward H. Randall had been appointed Chaplain on the 5th of May to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Rev. Joseph Sargent, who died April 20th. These promotions made vacancies in the offices of the Line which were in due season filled, mention of which will be found in the final statement of events at this cam[). Colonel Randall having been apprised of General Stannard's intention of making another visit, issued an order for a general policing of our camp and other preparations, and hence on the morning of the 9th down came the A tents and a general house-cleaning took place and everything was in order again before noon. General Stannard rode into camp about two o'clock in the after- noon accompanied by some of his staf¥ and orderlies and a mounted guard. The drum corps was called out to furnish music for the occasion. On the nth quite an amusing episode at dress parade ; the Colonel was absent and Lieutenant Colonel Muson had not yet arrived to assume his position as Lieutenant Colonel and the right of Major Boynton to command the regiment was questioned by Captain Lonergan of Company A. Captain Lonergan claimed that Captain Bo\nton's commission as Major had not been received, and for that reason he as the ranking captain was in charge of the regiment and post and this view was seconded by Captain Coburn of Company C, who felt that the rule of pro- motion in advancing Captain Boynton of Company E had not been strictly followed and seemed quite willing to stand by Captain Lonergan in his con- tention, and so at dress parade, both Major Boynton and Captain Lonergan took positions as commander of the regiment and attempted to discharge the duties of Colonel. Two in command and both giving orders to the Adjutant and he, the A.djutant, refusing to recognize Captain Lonergan's claim was ordered under arrest and his sword demanded. This, Adjutant Peck refused to obey and after considerable sharp talk, and without proceeding further, Major Boynton, realizing the awkward situation, without further ceremony dismissed the parade, and the several companies returned to their respective quarters con- siderably excited and disgusted with the foolish and boyish exhibition of Captain Lonergan, who sullenly returned to his tent loudly proclaiming his right to command. Major Boynton had been left in charge by Colonel Randall and the mere fact that his commission had not arrived as Major ought not to have been questioned. It was at least in bad taste and an exhibition of insubordination. The Colonel arrived about ten in the evening and when informed of what had occurred ordered both Captains Lonergan and Coburn under arrest. This made considerable excitement in camp and furnished food for talk and wise opinions for a number of days. After some explanations and apologies the whole matter was dropped and nothing more said about it : onlv a slight SERCT. LORKXZd D. CUTLER, CO. C. 18^12. CORP. ELI S. PITKIN, CO. C, 1862. CORP. EDGAR A. KELTON, CO. C, 1862. CORP EDCAR A. KI-lLTilX, CO. C, 1869. At Caiiil^ Cantsi, Va. 167 difference of opinion as to strict military regulation, that and nothing more, therefore all were exonerated and restored to good standing and harmony and goodfellowship, and social relations continued as before. Alay 13th, Lieutenant Colonel Munson arrived in camp and assumed the duties of this office to which he had been promoted. On the morning of the 14th. about nine o'clock, a mounted horseman rode into camp much excited and somewhat frightened and cried the news "iMosby has captured our teams on the road to Fairfax Station; twelve mules and four horses, wagons, etc., and seven soldiers and have started in great haste back across the Upper Occoquan." This piece of news spread like a fire alarm. The long roll beat and the regiment appeared promptly for all had heard the news and three or four companies were sent in hot pursuit on the double quick to overhaul and re-take our prop- erty and men, and capture if possible the marauders, but after arriving at the supposed place of crossing the Occoquan which was pointed out by one of our captured boys that had escaped, concluded that they might as well return to camp, for Mosby and his followers were doubtless far beyond our reach. They were mounted and we on foot and we had already learned no use of infantry to attempt to capture cavalry though we were fleet of foot. These teams and mule drivers and others belonged to our regiment and were on their way to the Station for rations for our post and to visit Alexandria and Washington. Our teams were captured just after leaving camp some two miles out by a party of guerrillas under command (as it turned out) of Lieutenant Smith of the 4th Virginia cavalry. Our boys were given a bare back free ride to Gainsville and there paroled and returned to camp as good as new except sore and tired. The captured said they hurried them as fast as possible and that bare back riding on a sharp mule or horse thirty or forty miles, fording rivers and through bush and timber, in paths and no paths, up hill and down was an experience anything but agreeable. They remained in camp and kept very quiet for a number of days. I do not think any of them did duty afterwards, and yet it was possible an exchange was arranged and their parole cancelled. Those taken were Sergeants Boyce and Silsby of Company B ; Sergeant Fuller G. Wood- worth and J. Griffith of Company G ; S. Austin of Company H ; J. Carr of Com- pany I and Hubbard J. Searl of Company K. I am under an impression from a memoranda at hand that these persons were sent forward to a parole camp at Washington there to wait an exchange. Oscar Hubbard of Company K died from typhoid fever on the i6th, and Stephen G. West of Company I on the 17th. About this date a large company of boys went over on the south side of the Occoquan as a scouting party and returned with eight horses and one man. The boys now claimed to be about even for those we lost on the 14th. Some of the horses were good, but most of them were played out, unfit for work or riding. The weather had been fine and warm most of the month and our camp had been the scene of quite a number of social gatherings, principally on account of the \'ermont ladies in camp, and they were of course accorded due attention by our Colonel and his associate officers. The officers, rank and file were born gentlemen and were ever courteous, except when occasion demanded different treatment. CHRISTOPHER H. WAKKKI ELD, Musician. 1862. HKISTiiIMIKK 11. WAKEITKLD, Musician. 1006. At Camp Cariisi. I'a. 169 On the 2 1 St, General Stannard made another visit, and we had a dance in the evening given by the officers in camp in htmor of our distinguished guest, and to this gathering our General on urgent invitation consented to grace the occasion with his person. Captain Thatcher returned on the 30th from Union Mills where he had been attending a court martial hearing, and reported that the Rebel guerilla Mosby with a large force had captured a supply train at Catletts Station about fifteen miles south of Fairfax Station on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, consisting of ten cars of forage, a quantity of soft bread and Sutler's supplies ; had taken what they wanted and destroyed the rest, and were on their way east and might be expected at our camp any hour, and he had hastened back to camp to bring the news. This stirring news made excitement and some conster- nation in our camp ; we had frequently heard of Mosby, now called Major Mosby, because of his successful and daring raid at Fairfax Court House and capture of a brigadier general, staff, aids, orderlies and guards and we did not doubt but that the report was true and hence all necessary preparation was made to give him a cordial welcome and warm reception. No one in camp seemed to be rattled or looked pale with fear, all hoped to have an opportunity to even up with him for his repeated visits among us since we had been in charge of the picket line from the Potomac up the Occoquan, along Bull Run to Centerville. We waited all day expecting to hear the signal gun on the picket line, but none came, and all appeared much disappointed. It was re- ported that Mosby, meeting with so much success and finding a good supply of what was most needed in his camp, had returned back to the mountains from whence he came. It was also reported that the First Vermont Cavalry were in pursuit with which fact we were well satisfied, for they were Vermonters and were sure to do Mosby evenhanded justice according to custom if captured. Being now sure that Mosby would not be seen in our camp, we resumed our usual daily duties and occupations. Our routine duties thus far in this camp have only in part been told. Much of our time was devoted to letter writing, making notes of each day's hapenings in and about camp in pocket diaries. Quite a number of our regiment made arrangements with the 7th Michigan Cavalry in camp nearby, and borrowed their horses for a day to visit Alount Vernon and to scout the country in the direction of Dumfries and Fredericks- burg, impelled by curiosity instead of anxiety to fight. Quite a number among us, when not otherwise engaged, gave their atten- tion to the study of text books for they were college students and appeared anxious to make the most of their time and oportunity. The ambitious among us still engaged in sword and bayoiiet drill. Some of the boys daily engaged in playing cards, dominoes, checkers and chess, pitch- ing quoits, pistol practice, fishing and hunting, gathering berries and cherries which grew in abundance in this locality. It was no unusual thing for a large squad headed by some commissioned officer or Sergeant to obtain permission and cross the Occoquan, search the country, (always keeping well together), in pursuit of pleasure and to ascertain if there were any suspicious looking persons in that region. SKKCT. J. IILUSiiN KinDEE, CU. C, 1862. ciiKr. siCRKxu wKicirr coi.i.u, 1862. W. II. II. \V.\K1:FIKLD, CO. c, Fifer, 1862. W. 11. 11. W AKIU-IKLD, CO. C, Fifer, 1887. At Camp Carusi, J 'a. 171 The last days of May brought news indicating that we should soon be on the move which led us to look over our clothing, knapsacks, etc., that we might see what we would likely most need, pack the remainder with trinkets, souvenirs, etc., we had on hand and send them home. A few were planning and still hoping for official honors long looked for and too long delayed. Some were attending the sick in camp of whom Captain Bostwick of Company F and Captain Whitney of Company H were seriously sick, and their friends and comrades were much alarmed. Captain Bostwick's mother had arrived hoping to return to \'ermont with her devoted son. Surgeon Nichols had told Captain Bostwick that his only chance of recovery was to reach Vermont as soon as possible. Captain Whitney was taken to Alexandria in a critical condition with a raging fever and every heart in the regiment was sad for he had been our tirst and much beloved Ad- jutant. The month of May had been the most exciting and busy of any, since we crossed the Potomac the last of October, and too it had been the most enjoyed on account of weather and location. These were indeed the halcyon days of camp-life in old Virginia and all had become much attached to camp Carusi and almost wished that when war was over and peace declared we might settle down in this lovely spot. June opened with a warm and siunmer-like day, our camp was up early, airing tents and blankets, policing streets and camp ground, standing around the cook tent fire waiting for pork and beans with acid vinegar, hard tack and coffee. Some were making their own coffee in their individual tin cups thinking they could do better than the cook. True, the flavor of the coffee occasionally was a little off made in those sheet iron kettles, boiled for twenty or thirty minutes, the same kettles that were used for pork and beans and general cooking. There was added to our rations in this camp desicated potatoes, pressed, dried vegetables for soup and other nick-nacks of that kind, and therefore enough to eat that was good. On the morning of the 5th of June the sad news of the death of Captain Orloff H. Whitney reached camp and the circumstances which attended it added much to our grief, for we thought he had been neglected by those in charge. In his delirium he had jumped from his window to the street and was taken up in a dying condition. The nurse in charge made some plausible explanation, but the Captain's friends and comrades were not satisfied. He was gone and no investigation would restore him to life. His comrades of Company K mourned the death of this great hearted, brave and zealous officer whose career thus far, gave much promise of achieving a full measure of success and honor. This 10th day of June, Dame Rumor says, arrival of orders to be ready to fall in at the sound of the bugle, and everybody expecting now an onward march. That General Lee is evidently contemplating another move north, and flushed with pride on account of his success at Chancellorsville, and because of the season of the year and the condition of his army, and on account of General Hooker's waiting policy on Stafford Heights inviting him (General Lee) to try again to capture Washington. M |N> ^H^^'i^^^^^^J ^^ ■ i^^M y WTI.I.I AM II. I.KWIS. Cn. i_ , 1863. WILLIAM 11. LEWIS, CtJ. C, 1904. %^. ■ifSBa^ lOIl.V K. CROSS, CO. C, 1862. JOHN K. CROSS, CO. C, 1900. At Camp Cariisi. I'a. 173 The imymaster has again arrived in camp, and all seemed happy with the prospect of two months' pay in green-backs and yellow scrip. The Sutler, as ever, is on hand for his share, which is always the lion's share, evidently making preparation to close up his business and return to Alexandria or Washington out of danger. News reaches camp that General Lee is again moving down the Shennan- doah \alley on another invasion of Maryland, hoping this time to capture Washington. General Hooker's army has started north, east of the Blue Ridge and up the Potomac Valley to intercept General Lee and protect Washington. The van of General Hooker's great army arrives on the 14th and crosses the Occoquan on a pontoon bridge laid across at Occoquan Village near our camp. We assist in laying the bridge and then for a number of days sit on the bank and watch the moving army, infantry, cavalry and artillery, a whole army corps cross here, reported to be the 12th under the command of General Slocum. It was said fighting Joe Hooker and staff passed by near our camp on this occasion — it was not my privilege to see him pass, but did see him later at Frederick City, Maryland. The 6th corps, in which was the old Vermont brigade, crossed the Occoquan at the ford near our old camp ground at Wolf Run Shoals. An army of 100,000 could not all pass on a single road and hence occupied all the roads from Fredericksburg north between the Potomac and Bull Run and Manassas Junction. The diaries of Peter J. Dewey and John Brough say "General Hooker and staff passed our camp on the 15th of June. " The 14th, 15th and i6th were very warm days, roads dry and full of dust, great clouds appeared wherever troops were on the march. That part of this great army passing us appeared well and in good fighting condition, but it was evident from remarks made as they passed that a battle was near at hand, and that it would not be this time a Bull Run. All were mad on account of defeat at Chancellorsville. The old Vermont brigade bivouacked for the night, June iSth at Fairfax Station. Some of our regiment who were at Fairfax Station reported meeting a few they knew, and they made inquiries about friends in our regiment and brigade. We were on this day ordered to take down A tents and load them to be hauled to Alexandria and use instead fly tents. Everything foreshadowed that wc had marching orders and would soon follow, and yet many were sure that our time was so near out that we would not be sent on any long march or into any great battle. It was of course true that nearly all our regiment had been serving already more than nine months since the date of actual enlistment and the timorous and fainthearted argued much and long trying to convince themselves and others that when we left this camp it would be for Washington on our wa}- to \'ermont to be mustered out. Colonel Randall, when asked for his opinion, said our term of enlistment would date from the time of muster in, October loth, and hence would not expire until July loth, and if any battle was to be fought, it would not surprise him if our brigade had a chance to take part in it, that it was quite certain we would not be discharged before our term expired and surely when the capital of the nation was in danger of capture, as it then seemed, no one would be sent home or left behind and that we might rest assured, with the acquired reputation of \''ermont Soldiers with a lighting WILLIAM K. LAWSdN. CO. C. 1862. WILLIAM E. LAWSON. U)04- At Camp Cartisi, ]'a. 175 brigadier General like Stannard in command, if the army of the Potomac had another chance for a chnch with General Lee every regiment would be on the ground to fight and fight hard and he advised if we had any things to send home or letters to write better attend to it right away, for we should likely follow immediately after the army had passed, and if a long march, must get rid of all unnecessary luggage in order to endure forced marching. All were much engaged in watching the great army pass and in endeavoring to obtain information where going and what for, etc., etc., but the rank and file of the passing hosts were no wiser than we, and would reply "we are after old Lee who has given us the slip and gone up to Maryland again to redeem his reputation lost at Antietam when he was up there before, "and some confidentially would say that" we were down on the Peninsula campaign with General McClellan and if they will only put little ]\Iac at the head. General Lee and his army will never see Richmond again," etc., etc. Nearly all who served under ]\IcClellan in the battles about Richmond in the (On to Richmond Campaign) and at Boonsboro, South J\Iountain, Crampton and Fox Gaps and at Antietam had great confidence in his ability as a commander. It was now summer in Virginia and we were given plenty of drill and scouting across the Occoquan the better to prepare us for any kind of service no matter how arduous and long the march or desperate the struggle. On the 19th or 20th we heard heavy firing in the west and in the direction of F.uU Run and south towards Aquia Creek. The wise and timid were now sitre that the Rebs were coming up the Potomac Valley by way of Dumfries to make a dash into Washington. We had heard of General J. E. B. Stuart often since our first introduction at Fairfax Court House, December 28th, and were prepared to expect him at any time and from most any place. The con- tinuous firing created considerable excitement in our camp each having his own opinion as to the cause. No one appearing we thought it practice firing. Simday, the 19th, was our last inspection in this camp and on the 23rd we received orders to be ready with six days' rations to march. Our haversacks would only hold four days' rations and we had no way of carrying rations only in our haversacks. We however stuffed our haversacks, took a hearty break- fast of pork and beans and on the morning of June 25th, 1863, with feelings of mingled gratitude and sorrow took a long lingering farewell look of our now deserted camp and its surroundings where we had spent the happiest days of our soldier life, and said good bye to this delightful camp on the sunny banks of the Occoquan, turned our faces northward, fell into line and at the familiar voice of our faithful commander as he said "Forward March" commenced that memorable long and weary seven days' march that ended on the battlefield at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863, amidst the booming of cannon, the rattle of musketry and the piteous moans of the wounded and dying. Before writing of the march to Gettysburg will give a brief summary of some of the changes and conditions while in Camp Widow Violet on the Occo- quan that may serve the purpose of interest as well as reference to some of the incidents that occurred while this camp was our soldier home. Lieutenant Colonel Andrew C. Brown resigned May 5th and Captain Wm. D. Munson was promoted Lieutenant Colonel on the same day. May 5th, but / RUKUS II. FAKR. CO. C, 1862. RUru,'^ II. I'AKK, 1905. ALKX.WDI-R DI.VCWALL. CO. C. 1862. JOSKPil Si.MMONS, CO, C. 1862. 0;( tlw March to Crttyshtiri/. ijy did not assume the duties until a later date. Rev. Joseph Sargant. Chaplain. died April 20th at the nearby dwelling house on the way from our camp to Occoquan Village, and Rev. Edward H. Randall, a brother of Colonel Randall, was appointed Chaplain, but he did not for some reason accept the commission. Company A lost none at this camp by death or discharge nor was there any change in the Line officers of this company. There were changes in the non- commissioned officers, namely, Alvin H. Henry was reduced from First Sergeant to Second and James B. Scully promoted from Second Sergeant to First Sergeant, April 30th, a strange coincident. No better boy in Company A for Orderly Sergeant than J. B. Scully. Company B lost by death Charles D. Billings, May 19th, Cyron G. Thayer, May 20th and Lorin B. Reed. Alay 30th : and by discharge, Jerome Fiske, June 27th, Stedman D. Moulten, April _'4th. making three by death and two by discharge in this company. Company C lost by death only one in this camp, Francis F. Taylor who died April i6th. Com- pany D lost by death Thomas Calvert, May i/th; by discharge Sergeant George Stevens, May loth, Henry H. Talcott, A'Tay 2nd. Company E lost by death L,eonard C. Fuller, May 27th and George B. Hebb, May 22nd. and Luke Flem- ing, June 8th who died at Brattleboro. Captain Joseph J. Boynton. uf Com- pany E was promoted Major, May 5th, and Orderly Sergeant Sidney S. Morey of Company K promoted Second Lieutenant June 4th. It is evident that privates Edward L. Hibbard of Company K and Hiram Shattuck of Company F had a strong pull with the Colonel or they would not have been promoted from the ranks to positions of Lieutenants in Company D, considering the material in the company from which to select, but the motives that influenced the appointments were not known. No cjuestion, however, ever made but what Hibbard and Shattuck were well qualified and entitled to promotion and honor. It seemed a little strange and Company D boys were not pleased, but found no fault with comrades Hibbard and Shattuck. Company F lost by resignation Captain Bostwick. June 12th who died at Washington on his way home; by death Wilson A. Bentley, June 25th, Erastus Powell, May 25th and by discharge, Melancthon S. Lee. April 4th, Eli N. Peck, April 6th, Ziba Pixley, May i8th at Brattleboro. Company G lost by death Thomas Longly, June 17th, Orville Wheeler, May 20th. Company H lost by death Captain Orlofl:' Whitney, June 4th, Sergeant Charles M. McKnight. May 24th, Thomas Slayton, April 7th, John K. Dow, May i6th, Seth S. Moore, May 24th; by discharge, Henry Hobert, April 25th, Isaac Kimball, June 3rd, and Russell Wheeler, April 18th. Company I lost by death, Stephen G. West, May J 7th; by discharge, George H. Davis, May 6th, Wm. H. H. Whitney, April 6th. Company K lost by death, Oscar B. Hubbard. May i6th. and one by discharge, Martin L. Clark, April 4th, making a loss of officers by resigna- tion two, by death two, of the rank and file by death 17, discharge 11, making a total loss by death of T9, by resignation and discharge 13, a total loss to the regiment at Camp Widow Violet 32. It will be observed that on the date of leaving Camp Occoquan, June 25th, 1863. our regiment had lost from all causes about ^25 (in this estimate is included those captured and paroled and in parole camp.) MARCUS F. TUCKER, CO. C, 1862. MAKCrS F. TrCKI-.R, C(K C. 1872. DAVID IlL'NTINGTON, CO. C, 1907. WII.I.I AM U. oUMt^l'.Ki:. Ci>. c, 1882. On the March to Grttysburf/. 179 Ouiti- a laryc number were sick in the hospitals at Alexandria, Washington and X'ermont, some were on special duty and some at parole camp and taking into consideration all the losses up to June 25th the effective force of the several companies would not exceed on an average over j^ each. The morning report of Cotnpany K on this date reported three officers of the Line and 70 of the Rank and File present for dut} , and not over that num- ber of Company K started on the march, June 23th, and in this estimate two musicians, one wagoner, two cooks and one Inigler is included. I assume that the other companies were about the same in number. There had Ijeen since muster into United States service. October lotli. 1862 to June 25th, 1863, by death, resignation, discharge, desertion. T18. Captured and in jjarole camp, sick in hospitals, detailed in battery and on detached dut}- about 70, making a total of 188, leaving of the regiment present for duty including the cooks who acted as guards to wagon trains, drum corps, ambulance, detail and hospital corps and the officers of the Field and Statt, non-commissioned staff and of the Line about 760. Our total when mustered in was q^Ti. Some were mustered in after we reached Washington, do not know h()w many, but am siu'e of two. Company K had two cooks, 2 musicians, I bugler, i nurse, i in a battery, 1 in th.c ambulance corps. 2 wagoners and therefore of this company not over 65 of the rank and file shouldered their knapsacks and started on the march June 25th. We had also our Captain and First and, Second Lieutenant, making the total fighting strength of Company K in line on this date not more than 68. I am quite confident that 68 is a fair average of all the companies that fell into line on the morning of June 25th and started on the march in pursuit of General Lee's army. The sick, convalescent and otherwise disabled had been gleaned out and sent forward to Alexandria and Washington so that those who did start on the march be\'ond question were physicially vigorous and strong and capable of much fatigue and endurance. It is true that there was quite a number that believed we were to march directly to Alexandria and Washington and be placed on reserved duty and remain in the defences of Washington until our term of service ex])ired and then sent forward to Aermnnt to be mustered out and for this reason sonje were in the ranks that morning which if they had known where we were going and what was before them would have been sick, lame, or had some other excuse and not have started on that seven days" march. Some in fact were unfit for such a task. Colonel Randall gave out no information concerning our march or its desti- nation or probabilities of a fight. He wisely kept all knowledge received . from General Stannard and was very careful how he answered the anxious inquiries of those who now believed there was no danger of being sent into battle. The officers and a large majority of the rank and file knew full well that a great battle was near at hand. We had been, through the papers and other avenues, sufficiently apprised of General Lee's march northward and his ultimate pur- pose was said to be the invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania for supplies and to go to Harrisburg and Baltimore and then on to capture Washington. r^ 1 t^. 1 E.,^ 1 J EDWI.X I.. WKIC.Hl'. CO. C. 1862. EDWIN L. WKK.HT, CO. C, 1897. GICORGE Sli.VTTUCK, CO. C, 1897. IIE.NKV A. MiEKS, CO. C, i8(>^. On the March to Crtty.sbiiif/. i8i General Lee, in consummation of that burning ambiti(jn to which end lie had given his great abihty, unremitting toil, and singleness of purpose, night and day since he was given the command of the great army of Northern Virginia, was the capture of Washington, establishment of a Confederate Government and return to his old home on Arlington Heights and to accomplish all this before the army of the Potomac could reach Washington to intercept, was now his hope and determination. General Lee had met Burnside and Hooker at Fredericksburg and Chan- cellorsville and was now familiar with Hooker's capacity and mode of man- oeuvering and therefore fearlessly and boldly made his plans and started early in June again for JMaryland. That a more comprehensive and better under- standing may be had as to some of the reasons that led to our transfer from the 22nd army corps defences of Washington under command of General Hentzle- man and assigned to the ist army corps under Major General John F. Reynolds, it may be well to review briefly the several events, surroundings, and circum- stances that had a bearing on the plans of the campaign of both of the great armies and the outcome that followed. After General Hooker's defeat at Chancellorsville lie recrossed the Rap- panhannock and waited on the defensive until after General Lee had started his army down the Shenandoah Valley ostensibly for the purpose of invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania and the capture of Washington. General Lee's plans were made as early as June 3rd. General J. E. B. Stuart and cavalry had crossed the Rapidan and arrived at Culpepper Court House. Brandy Sta- tion and some as far north as W^arrenton Junction. General Longstreet's corps had been sent forward and General Ewell's corps had started, and on the 9th of June Longstreet had joined General Stuart at Culpepper Court House and Ewell was crossing the Rapidan while General A. P. Hill's corps was left in plain view purposely at Fredericksburg intending to deceive Hooker as he did in the movements of Lee's army. General Hooker, wishing to stir up Lee's camps at Culpepper Court House ordered General Pleasanton to move his cavalry in force for that pur- pose, thinking that General Lee would not remain idle at this season of the year and lose what appeared to be a golden opportunity to steal a march down Pennsylvania Avenue in the capital of the nation and establish his head(|uarters in his old home in the Lee mansion on Arlington Heights. During the month of May subsequent to the battle of Chancellorsville, General Lee had strengthened and re-organized his army into three army corps and his cavalry as a grand division with batteries of horse artillery under com- mand of Major General J. E. B. Stuart, the most able of all his fighting cavalry commanders, General Longstreet having command of the ist army corps. General Ewell, the 2nd army corps and General Ambrose P. Hill, the 3rd army corps and the artillery under Major R. F. Beckham. Lee had selected, being governed by his personal knowledge accitiired on many battlefields, those he considered the best for the several positions for the consummation of his plans already matured. While General Hooker had been resting and quietl}- waiting on the north bank of the Rappahannock in the vicinity of Fredericksburg and Falmouth fc.ir / Ai.ANSdN A. ^•^■I•:. I'o. c. 1862. ALAXSOX A. NYK, CO. C, 1892. ^ ^i Ml k3 W ^"^^^^^l hb ^E '^^^^^^^^H SAXUKI. I'KATT. CO. C, 1863. ;.\.\iri:i. I'KA'n , in. c. 1889. On tlic March to Ccttysbitrfi. 183 Lee to attack him there, doing nothing in particular to improve the strength of his army or the morale of the rank and file which at this time was in a deplor- able condition. They had lost confidence in General Hooker because of the result at Chancellorsville. Hooker had lost by expiration of term of service about 25,000 effectives and these had not been made good only in part, and not by soldiers of so much experience and it therefore will be seen at once that he was not in as good condition as before the battle of Chancellorsville, and it was very evident that General Hooker was no equal to General Lee in planning a campaign and manoeuvering and fighting a great army. Lee was ready and on the first week of June was on the march by way of Culpepper Court House twenty miles or more west and north of Falmouth when Hooker was yet watch- ing General Hill's corps making as much show as possible to attract attention on the Heights south of Fredericksburg. (jcneral Pleasanton on reaching Culpepper Court House and lirandy Sta- tion June loth, found General Stuart in force supported by infantry and artillery and after a few dashes and clashes having ascertained to his satisfaction the information wanted, considered discretion the better part of valor and (|uietly recrossed the Rappahannock sustaining a loss of about 1,000 killed, wounded and missing and hastened back to General Hooker's headquarters near Fred- ericksburg ar.d surprised the General with information of great moment to him and his army as well as the Nation, informing him that General Lee was in force and on the move north at Culpepper Court House and Brandy Station at this date. June loth. that Stuart and Ewell were at Brandy Station and Long- street at Culpepper Court House. General Hooker at this time was still resting quietly for Lee to attack him, apparently not suspecting Lee's flanking movement, though only 20 miles to his right, that is, 20 miles westerly from General Hooker's army. General Hooker suddenly awoke to find his right flank turned and Lee on his way down the Valley towards Harper's Ferry, and that he must now act, and therefore at once faced about and sent his cavalry towards Warrenton Junction, a corps of infantry to follow expecting to intercept Lee's progress, but this move was too late for on the 12th of June, General Ewell had already passed down the valley as far as Manasses Gap, two days' march from any of Hooker's infantry corps. General Hooker started a part of his army on the march, which reached Bealeton on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad just north of Brandy Station with some of his cavalry at Warrenton Junction. .\11 the rest of his army was still within ten miles of Falmouth. From this day. June 12th, it was a race between both armies for Harper's Ferry. Lee down the Shenandoah 'Valley and along the east side of the Blue Ridge, and Hooker up the Potomac Valley, by way of Dumfries, Occoquan, Centerville, Manassas Junction, Fairfax Court House, Chantilly, .\ldie. and Leesburgh, and on the 13th of June Ewell's corps had reached Winchester and Martinsboro. Longstreet and Stuart were still at Cul- pepper Court House and .\. P. Hill was now on his way to Culpepper Court House. General Hooker was still on the north bank of the Rappahannock with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th corps extending for a few miles west of Falmouth to the northeast of Bealeton with the nth corps at Catletts Station, and the 12th and r\ JOSHUA M. IIAII.KV. t". C. 1862. JOSHUA M. CAILUV, Ct). C, Standing. 1889. WILLIAM SLADK. CO. C. 1S87. CHARLES C. TKWKSr.LKV, CO. C. 1906. On the March to Gcttysbiiri/. 185 6th corps at Dumfries and his cavalry at Warrenton Junction all moving rapidly north. On the 17th, a part of Ewell's corps and Stuart's cavalry crossed the Potomac into Maryland and were near Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania, moving eastward and the rest of his corps was crossing the Potomac at Shepherdstown, with Longstreet having just passed through Ashby's Gap into the Shenandoah Valley and Stuart on the east of the Blue Ridge near Ashby's Gap and Aldie, while Hill's corps had just reached Culpepper Court House. General Hooker's corps were scattered between Occoquan River and Hern- don Station just south of Dranesville. The ist was moving on the Alexandria and Leesburgh pike. , The second corps was crossing the Occoquan at Wolf Run Shoals, the 3rd and 5th were at Manassas Junction, the 6th and 12th at Fairfax Court House and the nth at Centerville. On the morning of the 25th day of June, the 2nd \'ermont Brigade broke camp and started on what was one of the most exciting and unprecedented marches (as to distance covered in a given time) during the war. The Con- federate forces on this date were far ahead, having crossed the Potomac, that is. General Ewell's corps and Jenkins's cavalry, as early as the 15th and had already visited many places in Maryland and Pennsylvania collecting supplies and pushing on as rapidly as possible towards Harrisburgh, were in fact in com- plete control of Harper's Ferry, the Upper Potomac and Maryland (on the west of South Mountains) and the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania extending east as far as Greenwood a few miles northwest of Gettysburg. Ewell's corps on the morning we broke camp at Occoquan, was north of Chambersburgh mov- ing rapidly up the Cumberland Valley towards Carlisle and Harrisburgh. Longstreet's corps in Maryland at and north of Hagerstown, and Hill with hia corps was at and north of Boonsboro, Maryland. General Lee's whole army was on this date north of the Potomac except General Stuart with his cavalry who was on a raid passing around Hooker's army between W'ashington and Edwards Ferry on his way to join Ewell at Harrisburgh. The army of the Potomac at this date, June 25th, had not yet crossed into I\Iaryland and were occupying the southwest valley of the Potomac between our camp on the banks of the Occoquan River and Leesburgh near Edwards Ferrv moving in all haste to cross the Potomac into Maryland and Pennsylvania to intercept General Lee and force a battle before he could cross the Susquehanna and occupy Harrisburgh. The I St corps, commanded by General John F. Reynolds, to which th« 2nd Vermont Brigade had been assigned and ordered to join as soon as possible after Hooker's army had passed, was on the day we left Camp Occoquan, June 25th, crossing the Potomac at Edwards Ferry fifty miles in advance, two full days' march ahead of us. General Reynolds who was regarded as one of the best in the army of the Potomac was in command of the ranking corps, the ist, and was taking the lead and was to command and take control of all manoeuvres and engagements of battle as occasion demanded until General Hooker should arrive and therefore he was alert and vigilent to intercept, as soon as possible, General Lee and bring on an engagement (a battle) with General Lee's army to check its on- ward movement knowing that as soon as an attack was made, Lee would be GEORGE S. LAWKKNCi;, CO. C, 1862. george s. lawrence, co. c, i88q. ciiARi.i:s c. C()ui;iu.\. ci 1862. HENRY WAKKl-Iia.I). Cc 1. C. 1862. On the March to GrttysbiDy. 187 compelled to stop and fight or retreat back into Virginia. Hence, it will be seen that the 2nd \'erniont Brigade and especially the 13th Regiment was called upon to execute and fulfil a most extraordinary and unprecedented order, namely, "wait on the picket line at Occoquan until General Hooker's army has passed, cavalry, artillery, wagon and pontoon trains and then break camp and join the First army corps under General Reynolds" who was in the lead of the army making all haste to thwart Lee"s ambitious plans and if possible encom- pass and vanquish his army before it could recross the Potomac. None of the 2nd \'erniont Brigade ( even the officers) realized the great task before tliem, nor did we stop to consider or inquire but in the early morn- ing of that never-to-be-forgotten June day. enthusiastic and light hearted, as any soldier could be on receiving orders (attention, route step, march) as one man with steady step moved down and determined to do their very best, think- ing only of duty in the then impending danger. Our regiment was c(.)nversant with all that had been published as to the pending campaign, and also of what had been thus far accomplished on both sides, the battles fought and the success and failure of Generals in command and intelligently recognized and comprehended that the supreme effort of the nation was now in the balance and depending on the outcome of this campaign. which as it then looked, must end in a great battle north of the Potomac. General Lee had crossed the Potomac into Maryland and Pennsylvania and thereby challenged battle, and the army of the Potomac was now in his rear following as rapidly as possible for the sole purpose of accepting his offer of challenge and engaging him in a mighty struggle for a signal victory. General Lee's success at Fredericksburgh and Chancellorsville encouraged him in the belief that it was an opportune time for the Confederate cause before any changes made in commanders of the army of the Potomac. To cut loose from the environments of Richmond, and move at once on to Washington knowing full well, as matters then stood, the fate of the Confederacy depended on the outcome of his deeply laid, thoroughly prepared, bold and desperate plans. Succeed he must. The whole plan of campaign had been laid before Jeff Davis, the President of the Confederate States, and fully considered, and both realizing that if a great victory could now be won there would be hope of recognition of the Confederate Government and final success, and, with this in view, he had prepared his army, selecting those only who had fought and won on many bloody battlefields, placing them under his most able and valiant commanders, having inspired all with the confidence of sure success and promise of immediate and final establishment of the government they had long hoped for and valiantly fought to secure, and under such auspicious circumstances and surroundings, he left General Hooker with his mighty army on the north banks of the Rappahannock, with Richmond almost defenseless, and, thus prepared, boldly moved northward with his great army of 75,000 strong (the flower of the Con- fedreate army), the largest, best, and most thoroughly equipped in every respect of any that Lee had led on to battle since the firing of the first hostile gun at the stars and stripes that waved over Fort Sumter on that dismal early morning of that eventful day. .April 12th. 1861, sincerely believing in his ability to take l:K\ JAM IN :;. IlKXJAMI-N. CO. C, 1862. - 1 A 1^ J^ ^1 dj^ J^^ . #,^ ' £hL «a(^X|^^PMHkl - ^'jjS W ^u&i 1.^ 1 * • w^ BKNJAMIiV r.. I'.EN.l \.M1N 1882. CO. c. f < CURTIS C. COLIK'KN, Cll. C. 1864. .LKll.-^ C. CULliUUN, CO. C. 1906. Oil the yfarch to Gcttyshiin/. 189 care of his arni\- and win every battle, devontly hoping that the long cherislied desire of his heart would be the resiih. General Hooker, after his disastrous defeat at Chancellorsville and retreat across the Rappahannock, from May 5th, quietly waited for General Lee to advance and attack him manifesting no intentions of moving against Richmond, though he largely outnumbered Lee, nearly two to one, convincing General Lee, that he, Lee, could safely leave Richmond calculating that as soon as he was well on his way down the Shenandoah \'alley, the Government at Washington would become alarmed and the army of the Potomac would be ordered forward to protect the city of Washington and engage him in battle. And such was the situation when we started on our memorable march of seven clays, covering a distance of at least 20 miles, putting to the test jjliysical endurance to over- take and join the First corps before the clash of arms that we knew w^as sure to occur very soon^ The most of our regiment had jirepared for a long march and discarded everything that we could get along without, experience having taught us that guns, forty rounds of cartridges, haversacks stuffed with rations, with canteen and shelter tent, rubber blanket, an extra shirt and pair of socks, letter paper, testaments that had been given us before we left home, needles, thread, etc.. etc., tucked away in our knapsacks would be quite enough to carry. Some of the homesick and anxious hoped that our destination when we started on the march would be Washington, and therefore they packed their knapsacks, full, loaded themselves down with overcoats, woolen blankets, etc.. that they might carry them home, not because of value but as mementoes and souvenirs of the service ; but before we reached Union Mills on the first day's march now and then, one sweating and ptiffing beneath the noon day sun, threw away his overcoat and woolen blankets and when we left Union Mills, taking the direct and nearest road to Centerville, leaving Fairfax Court House far to our right and the pike that led to Alexandria and Washington, the line of march was strewn all along the way to Edwards Ferry with overcoats and blouse coats, blankets, extra pairs of shoes, cooking utensils, in fact nearly everything that could be spared was left behind. ( We were not allowed to throw away knapsacks, haversacks, canteens and cups, guns, cartridge boxes, straps and ammunition, fly tents and rubber blankets, for these were absolutely essential and necessary on the march). The unnecessary articles were strewn along the travelled way of the 2nd A'ermont Brigade on the first two davs of their march. Referring back to our last camp on the Occoquan, it will be remembered that we took the road leading to Fairfax Station and after a few miles took a road running nearly parallel with the Occoquan River leading direct to Union Mills, where we had been ordered to concentrate and from there moved on as a brigade under General Stannard's Command. General Stannard was anxious to comply with General Reynold's request and join the First corps as soon as possible, which was already in Maryland. We arrived at Union Mills about two o'clock in the afternoon where we found the I2th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments awaiting for our arrival. We halted for about an hour for a little rest and to complete a few preliminaries before taking up the line of march as a brigade. ;.\RDNKR P. KOWEl.L. Cli. C, 1862. ;.\KDNKK 1'. KdWKLL. CO. C, 1895. HORACK F. DARLINC. CO. C, 1862. HORACE P. DARI.INC, CO. C. 1897. On the March to Ccttysbiirfj. 191 The army nf the Potomac was far ahead of us except here and there laggards who for some cause fell out, or squads of cavalry on the watch for information that might be of advantage. On leaving L'nion Mills, we travelled for about two miles almost due north and then bore off to the left in a direct line to Centerville. leaving Fairfax Court House far to our right, crossed the Alexandria and Warrenton turnpike at Centerville just before sundown taking the road that led to Chantilly and wester- ly to Gum Springs, and there finding a suitable place for camp grounds, a mile or so beyond, went into camp for the night having travelled (the 13th Regiment) full 25 miles and nearly all the way from Union Mills in the rain and mud, and some of us were thoroughly tired and willing to lie down for rest and sleep, though wet, hungry, and tired. The first thing, after halting for the night, was to post guards around the camp to guard against surprise. Each regiment was given ground to occupy, and then parceled out to each company, the fly tents were spread just above our heads to keep off the rain then falling fast. All this was <|uickly done, ( it was for the night only), and the next quite important dutr was to examine the contents of haversacks and decide what we would have for supper, (if we could make a fire, and some did,) we had coffee, otherwise we must get a canteen of water which was always handy by because camps were selected with a view of being near plenty of good water. Our haversacks even at the close of the first day's march, were not part- icularly inviting. We were not long in deciding what we would have for \<'e mtist decide between boiled pork and hard tack, or hard tack and boiled pork. A few had baked beans and boiled rice during the first day's march. An empty stomach and a craving appetite never permitted much delay or care as to the food we ate, if wholesome. We threw nothing away and ate sparingly of what we had. for we knew not when nor where we should find more ; our wagon trains were not able to keep up with us and they carried the extra food. As soon as the supjjer was over the whole regiment involuntarily laid down on the wet ground in pairs (so rubber blankets could be had to lie on and one to cover over to keep us dry.) That first day was a hard march for the 13th regiment, having had some ten miles longer march than the rest of the brigade. When we awoke in the morning none were happy. It had poured down rain all night and nearly all were wet through to the skin, and some of the boys appeared and talked as if they felt ugly, but it mattered not, breakfast must be prepared in haste for we were to be on the march at si.x o'clock, and at the bugle call we were all ready to fall in. We were a little slow in moving on the morning of the 26th for the rain during the night made the condition of the roads bad and that caused delay. We directed our course this day toward Edwards Ferry where the army had crossed and were crossing the Potomac on pontoon bridges and reached Herndon Station on the pike from Alexandria to Leesburgh and here camped for the night. We passed Aldie on our left late in the afternoon where General J. E. B. Stuart and General Pleasanton had a sharp cavalry fight only a few days before and we were moving cautiously along our line of march, and therefore had not iitK?" w 11,1.1 \.\i i;laik. CO. c, iSr,2. W II.I.AKI) M. .\l"STIX, CO. C, 1879. ■ 1 E^ i«, ■ ^M p 4 y ^^ i. ^^^^^^^B -^^^^^^^^^M k. ^^^^■J(B.>JK.I h2£ ■l} v^^^^^^^^^^l ^^^ ' m Kj^^^^^H ^K ■ ^^^^^^^^^H ^n-'^ ■ ^^^^^^H H 1 ^H M.MMI.X I,. Cll.\NUl.i:i(, Cli. C, 1862. MARTIN I.. CH \.\I)I.i:k. 1900. Oil the March to Gettysburg. 193 covered as many miles on the march as we otherwise would have done if we had not expected Stuart's cavalry to attack our flank or rear. It was reported that Stuart was on our right making trouble among our wagon trains, creating considerable excitement for fear that he might make a dash into our rear at any moment, in fact, some of Stuart's cavalry came near enough to satisfy him that we were in sufficient force so that it would not be prudent to attack. On the morning of the 27th, we started on the march at daylight and reached Edwards Ferry and crossed into Maryland and as soon as a suitable place could be found, went into camp for the night. Here we found many troops, the 6th corps had crossed just ahead of us and were in camp nearby. We saw some of the old or ist Vt. Brigade, especially the Colonel of the 6th Vt. (Elisha Barney) who came to see Captain Blake and others of Co. K who he was well acquainted with. None of the 13th Vt. at the close of this hard day's march had any desire to do any unnecessary marching. We had now reached Maryland where the inhabitants were generally loyal and appeared more prosperous. Their fields were cultivated and everything indicated thrift and prosperity. The south side of the Potomac was Virginia and had been the battle and camping ground for both armies during the last two years and occupied by one or both all the time, so it was no wonder that fields were neglected and that cows, horses, sheep, hogs and hens were not to be found only here and there hidden away where they would not likely be seen or heard. On the Virginia side we were not able to buy or beg a canteen of milk or a loaf of soft bread, pie, hoe cake or anything that could satisfy our hunger. We were glad to cross over, as some said, into the promised land, where apparently the in- habitants were more civilized and thrifty, and where there was a fair prospect of procuring food, for we were anxious for a change having been for some days confined to boiled pork, salt beef, hard tack and a little coffee. We found a mile or more after crossing Edwards Ferry, a convenient and suitable place for camping and were glad to lie down for rest. Some of our regiment had already fallen behind not being able to endure the heat, rain and march- ing. We had now marched sixty miles in three days. We had thrown away many things and were now under what we called light marching orders, carry- ing nothing only what was strictly necessary. The doubting ones were now convinced that we were not on our way to Washington to do guard duty for a few days and then go home to Vermont. The country all about us was full of marching troops, infantry, cavalry, artillery, baggage and ambulance trains, and General Lee with his whole army also on the same side of the Potomac, but north and west of us pushing up the Cmnberland Valley as rapidly as possible towards Harrisburgh, Penn. The next day, the 28th of June, was Sunday, but that did not matter for if not a sin to shoot and kill our fellowmen on Sunday, it could not be a sin to march and overtake if possible the enemy and protect our friends from danger and their property from devastation and capture. Before we start on this day's march let us see where the Rebel forces are and where each army is located, what has been done and what the chances are for battle. First, let us see what has become of General Lee's army since JKRD.MK li. HALLOU, CO. C, 1865. DOX H. CILLKV. 0>. C. 1903. m *^. WUJ.IS p. STKWAKr, CO. c, 1862. Jdlil , !.\, HI. L. 1862. On the March to Gettysburg. 193 he crossed into Maryland. General Ewell's corps on the 28th of June was in the Cumberland Valley near Carlisle, some twenty or thirty miles directly north of Gettysburg, and Early of Ewell's corps was at York and Wrightsville on the Susquehanna below Harrisburgh, some twenty-five miles east of Gettys- burg. Generals Longstreet and Hill with their corps were in the vicinity of Chambersburgh and Greenwood about twenty miles northwest from Gettysburg and Imboden with his cavalry at McConnellsburgh and Jinkins and White with cavalry on the west bank of the Susquehanna near Harrisburgh and General Stuart with a cavalry force at Brockville a few miles northwest of Washington moving in all haste north to join Ewell at Harrisburgh. The several corps or our army were between the Potomac and Fredericks City and Middletown, Maryland, the foremost some forty miles south of Gettysburg. The ist, iilh, and I2th corps were at Middletown moving up the valley between the Catoctin and South Mountains and the and, 3rd, 5th and 6th corps were near Fredericks City moving northeast between Catoctin mountains and the Monocacy River and Kilpatrick, with cavalry in the lead some forty miles south of Gettysburg. Both armies being thus situated it will be seen that Gettysburg was near the center between these two great armies with a fair prospect of meeting within a zone of twenty or thirty miles with Gettysburg as the center, unless one army or the other retreated. General Ewell with his corps had been north of the Potomac since the 15th and Jinkin's cavalry brigade was sent forward up the Cumberland Valley by the way of Chambersburgh to collect supplies. He also levied large contributions from the inhabitants which was paid as an alternative rather than sulifer loss by fire. General Ewell, it was claimed, met with great success, levying money and supplies on this invasion into Maryland and Pennsylvania. There was nothing to oppose or prevent Ewell having his own way in the \'alley clear up to Harrisburgh and he could and did help himself. He captured on his journey, after passing the Potomac, thousands of prisoners, cannon, and small arms, eleven colors and three hundred loaded wagons, as many horses, a considerable quantity of stores of all descriptions, with little loss in killed, wounded and missing. Ewell's corps had lived on the fat of the land for two weeks and collected sufficient for Longstreet and Hill's corps when they should arrive. This was a bold and desperate move on the part of General Lee, leaving Richmond to the mercy of General Hooker's powerful and magnificent army without provid- ing for any base of supply and marching his veteran army one hundred and fifty miles into a densely populated country, thinking perhaps the fortunes of war might favor him as it did Napoleon in his early campaigns. A time had arrived, as General Lee evidently thought, for unusual and unlooked for action and that now a desperate, strategic move, so bold and daring that his purpose could not be understood, must be adopted. He had lured General Hooker across the Rappahannock and severely punished his army leaving Hooker dis- appointed and his army discouraged, while Lee's army had been victorious under circumstances that warranted implicit confidence in their leader and their own prowess and fighting skill to overcome double their number on any- field. HCirS I). NTTK, e-(). c. 1868. I^UCU'S D. M'TK. i-'O- C. 1903. On the Marcli to Gettysburg. 197 The condition and situation was opportune, no better time or opportunity was likely to present itself to General Lee than the present. He, General Lee, must have believed it the only chance for the success of the Confederate cause, or otherwise so great a man and general would not have planned and attempted the execution of what is known as the Gettysburg Campaign. The 2nd Vermont Brigade on this 28th day of June was marching north just east of the Potomac, on their way to the Monocacy River and Valley, passing through Poolsville in the early morning, and then Bellsville, Brownsville, and crossing the Monocacy at Greenfield Mills. At this place it will be remembered that Captain Lonergan of Company A fell into the turbulent and now muddy waters of the Monocacy, but with no serious result, simply a needed bath and nothing more. This incident Captain Lonergan was never allowed to forget, and among the rem- iniscences that Captain Lonergan often referred to at our camp fires since the war, was his plunge into the Monocacy, and nothing did he seem to enjoy more than when he was, with wit and eloquence, delighting and convulsing with laughter his comrades with vivid descriptions of his tumble into the muddy waters of the Monocacy. He remarked at the time, on reaching shore "Too much liquid on the outside, and not enough on the inside, or it would not have happened." He was mounted at this time on a horse he had procured on the march. Other line officers, who could, had done the same and these horses served to give many a tired soldier a ride and rest for a few miles on our way to Gettysburg. We stopped for dinner soon after crossing the Monocacy and discovered at this time that our haversacks were growing light and rations short, pork and beans and boiled rice had disappeared before we left Virginia, having nothing left in our haversacks but boiled pork, hard tack, coffee and sugar and but little of that and were apprehensive as to when and where we should get more. We had long since left our wagon train far to the rear and the daily marches from sunrise to sundown had developed a growing appetite for food and plenty of it. We were now the fourth day from our camp on the banks of the Occoquan, and all had voracious hankering for food and were not over particular about the quality or age. You must remember we found some of our cracker boxes dated i860 and these boxes contained what we called our marching hard tack, which like the Sutler's cheese sometimes crawled, but on this march, likely none would have objected to hard tack sandwiches with %vorms dead or alive. Our noonday halt of an hour was over, we were now refreshed and pushing on as fast as possible for Frederick City, Maryland, where General Hooker had established his headquarters. We reached Adamstown late in the afternoon and every girl young and old was out to greet and cheer and in every way to express loyalty to the Stars and Stripes and sympathy for those who wore the blue. Beautiful young ladies with flags in hand lined the streets, some with their hearts in their hands, and as a good looking Green Mountain boy came along lovingly extended their hands and said, "Be brave, God bless and protect you. Good-bye." We had seen nothing like this since we left Springfield, Mass., on our way to Washington. Some of the boys were given bouquets and pressing invita- tions to return after the war was over. Love at first sight had captured not l-KANCIS I". ■I'AVLdR, CO. C, 1862. SARGENT R. EMERSON, CO. C, 1897. CII.\RI.i:S 11. CARSON, CO. c, 1862, WILI.ARD C. SNOW. CI I. C. 1862. On the March to Gcttysbiiry. 199 a few. Private Henry E. Meigs, of Company K, was among the number that often spoke of the lovely girls of Adamstown and hoped we might return that way. This quite enthusiastic and loyal greeting cheered our hearts and rested our weary legs and gave us new courage for the rest of the march. W'e passed tlirough Adamstown and bivouacked for the night about two miles beyond, having marched twenty miles or more during the da}-. The weather had become hot and sultry, rain and sunshine nearly every day, the roads were muddy and full of small sharp pebble stones and many of the bo}> had become footsore with blistered feet and were well nigh exhausted, but only a few of our brigade had thus far fallen out. Xews of devastation and fighting to the north of us ran through cam]i and there was occasion for similar rumors from what we had heard fnmi Lee's army up in the Cumberland \'alley. It was said that there were Confederate troops to the west, north, and east of us and not far away, and no one was able to guess when and where we should meet them. General J. E. B. Stuart, we knew, was somewhere between us and Wash- ington on his way north ( and only a few miles directly east on the road to \\'est- minster. On the morning of the 29th after a good night's rest, we took up the line of march at seven o'clock and about twelve o'clock were passing through Frederick City, Maryland, cjuite a pretentious and thriving city, but inland and a nearby railroad station some two or three miles from the city. The clouds seemed to open and the rain fell fast as we reached the city. Orders had been passed down the line not to leave the ranks or molest or in any manner disturb or annoy the inhabitants, that the officers of the line would be held accountable for the conduct of their companies. We were in a loyal state and the majority of the dwellers of this city were supposed to be in sympathy with the Union, as it was claimed. Both armies hitherto had passed through Frederick City and because sympathizers of the gray as well as the blue resided therein, were inclined to be discreet and quiet, but still along the line of march on both sides of the street from open doors and windows we saw fluttering in the breeze the Stars and Stripes and many a fair hand waved her white handkerchief as a token of friendship and expression of loyalty ; and whenever we saw these evidences of welcome and encouragement hearty cheers from our ranks rang out along the line making answer to the welcome and expressing our appreciation to the brave and loyal hearts that dared to show their colors under the existing circumstances. ^^'e had heard of the open sympathy given to Stonewall Jackson when he passed through along the same streets in September before, and now proposed, as best we could, to encourage every exhibition of loyalty that attracted our attention. Old Frederick City was the home of Barbara Frietchie made famous by Whittier's poem. CHARLES A. DAVIS. CO. C. 1862. CHARLES A. D-WIS, CO. C, 18-C. ERANKLIN 1. TAYLOR. CO. C, 1863. On the March to Gcttysbiircj. BARBARA FRIETCHIE. Up from the meadows rich with corn. Clear in the cool September morn, The clustered spires of Frederick stand Green-walled by the hills of Maryland. Round about them orchards sweep, Apple and peach tree fruited deep, Fair as a garden of the Lord To the eyes of the famished rebel horde. On that pleasant morn of the early fall When Lee Marched over the mountain walk- over the mountains, winding down Horse and foot into Frederick town. Forty flags with their silver stars. Forty flags with their crimson bars, Flapped in the morning wind; the sun Of noon looked down, and saw not one. Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then, Bowed with her fourscore years and ten: Bravest of all in Frederick town. She took up the flag the men hauled down '. In her attic window the staff she set. To show that one heart was loyal yet. Up the street came the rebel tread, Stonewall Jackson riding ahead. Under his slouch hat left and right He glanced: the old flag met his sight. "Halt!" — the dust-brown ranks stood fast: "Fire!" — out blazed the rifle-blast. Quick as it fell from the broken staff Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf: She leaned far out on the window sill, And shook it forth with a royal will. "Shoot, if you must, this old gray head. But spare your country's flag," she said. A shade of sadness, a blush of shame. Over the face of the leader came: The nobler nature within him stirred To life at that woman's deed and word: "Who touches a hair of yon gray head Dies like a dog! March on!" he said. All day long through Frederick street Sounded the tread of marching feet; All day long that free flag tost Over the heads of the rebel host. Ever its torn folds rose and fell On the loyal winds that loved it well; And through the hill-gaps sunset light Shone over it with a warm good-night. Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er. And the rebel rides on his raids no more. Honor to her! and let a tear Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier Over Barbara Frietchie's grave, Flag of freedom and union, wave! Peace and order and beauty draw Round thy symbol of light and law: And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick town! It shivered the window, pane and sash : It rent the banner with seam and .John Greenleaf Whittier. LUCIL'S II. I'.ARRETT, CO. C, 1862. LUCIUS M. I' l^l'l I I . * •'• '■"• 1896. |()ll.\ S. ■ir.MPI-KTON. CO. c, 1862. JOHN s. ti:mi'i,eion, co. c, 1904. Oil the March to i^cttysbnr;/. 203 This piieni is based on sufficient facts to have warranted Whittier in the historical reference made and expressions used. There was such a person as Barbara Frietchie and her home was in Frederick City. Md.. and she was living there when Stonewall Jackson led hi^ rebel hfjsts through the streets of Frederick City. September 6th. i8()2. and she, Barbara Freitchie, owned, and had in her possession on that date a United States flag, that she was old and gray, being at the time almost gO years of age, that she was devoted and fear- less and earnest in her country's welfare, was well known in Frederick City up to the date of her death which occurred Decemlier iSth, 1862. in which city she died and was buried. She ever fearlessly expressed her views and sym- pathy for the Union and doubtless waved the Stars and Stripes from her home as General Jackson and his army passed b\. Only a few days later. September 12th, 1862, she stood on the porch of her home and waved her flag of Stars and Stripes as General Burnside's troops passed through Frederick City and this fact is authenticated by numerous witnesses. Barbara Freitchie was a true, noble, concientious woman and sorrowfully spoke against the wicked folly of the Rebellion. She was of that mould and education that would have prompted her to do just what is represented she did do when Jackson was marching through her home city. She was born in Colonial days, a school girl at the time of the Declaration of Independence and a young lady when Wash- ington was elected President. She lived in Frederick town when Washington spent a night there in 1791 and the cup from which he drank and the flag she waved as the armed hosts passed through her home city in 1862 are still among the heirlooms religiously cherished by the Freitchie descendants. Her old man- sion home was pointed out and we devoutly cheered and uncovered our heads as we passed. There was cheer upon cheer from the ]iassiug Itatlalions express- ing their love and respect for her who had lived and died a true j^atriot and devoted Christian, loyally supporting her country's cause with her latest breath. While we were marching through Frederick City, rumor of a change of commanders of the army of the Potomac reached us and was at once the sole topic of discussion and there was a great diversity of opinion concerning the propriety and advisability of a change. ]t was said that General Mead was to succeed General Hooker. General Mead was only known as one of the able and successful corps commanders in the army of the Potomac. General Hooker had not been a success thtis far and but little confidence existed as to his ability- to properly handle and fight a large army. The .\dministration. especially President Lincoln, was now more anxious than ever before. Another defeat like Chancellorsville must be avoided, and therefore heroic measures, though in the midst of a campaign and in face of the enem\-, must be adopted if by so doing more certain of success. It was the almost unanimous expression, (though a critical moment) that the change was wise and best. General Hooker was a hard and desperate fighter and had won deserved praise on many battle- fields as a commander, but had not fulfilled the expectations of his associate officers or the Administration at Washington as a commander of the great army of the Potomac, and some of his most able corps commanders had refused to serve under him after the Chancellorsville defeat. M. I.. FROST, C(l. C, 1862. CLAKK D. CRKSSV. CO. C. 1862. CKRS.MOV HANCOCK. CO. c, 1862. CKKSMCX IIA.NCOCK, CO. C, 1880. (hi tin- March to Ucttysbiiri/. 205 General Couch, ccmimander of the Second corps, because of General I h:x>ker's conduct in management of the Chancellorsville campaign, especially from the ist to the 5th of May, peremptorily refused to serve longer under him, and this same feeling was shared by others of the corps commanders, and therefore when the news reached the army at Frederick City on the 29th of June that General JMead had succeeded General Hooker and was then in com- mand, a general feeling prevailed that it was a wise and important change. General Mead had been known as a cool, careful, and conservative leader, though ever brave and active, never refusing or hesitating to lead and fight his corps when asked, and his associate corps commanders recognized him as equal at least of any who had been connected with the army of the Potomac and heartily and enthusiastically endorsed the change, believing the whole armv would be better satisfied and encouraged to contest to the uttermost the enemy in the then approaching battle. General Hooker was a little sullen and disappointed though he had already sometime before tendered his resignation. He, Hooker, realized better than ever before the great responsibility of the command of the great and mighty army of the Potomac and doubtless his experience at Chancellors- ville made him apprehensive as to the result. The whole responsibility (if success rested with the commander. Ever}'thing about us on this 2gth day of June indicated great activity and that changes were being made in the plan of campaign and that a new commander was at headquarters vigorously directing every move and change, manoeuvering the army to the end of making every possible preparation for the coming struggle. The 2nd Ver- mont Brigade had passed through Frederick City and was now forging ahead to overtake and join the First corps to which they belonged, now at and near Emmetslnirgh. Maryland, thirty miles or more north. We had now been on the march since the early morning of June 25th, and many were foot sore with blistering and bleeding feet. The water, mud and gravel found way over the tops of our low army shoes and through holes in sides and bottoms and this with scalding heat caused tenderness and blister- ing and pain, and some limped and hobbled along though apparently determined to remain in the ranks to the end. We did not halt for dinner until three or four miles beyond Frederick City, and it was an hour or more past the usual mid-day lunch. We were obliged to leave a few of our brigade behind that had been over- come with heat and hard marching. We met just outside of the city General Hooker and other officers traveling south towards Monocacy Junction and it was said he had just turned over the command to General Mead and that he was on his way to take the cars for Baltimore. He looked downcast and sad and his whole appearance and surroundings and his attendants confirmed the rumor that he had been relieved from the command while on the march and in the face of an invading foe with every prospect of immediate battle, and when he too vvas more than anxious to again cross swords with General Lee to thwart his purposes, vanquish his hitherto victorious army and possibly end the war and restore confidence in the armv of the Potomac and at Washington HIRAM W. SCRII'.XKR,- CO T862. iiosi:.\ I'.. oRMsi'.Kr,. en. c. 1890. .IdSHl'II II. SILI.()\\■.\^•. CO. c, 1862. On tlic March to Gcttxsbunj. 207 and slmw ti) the world that he was greater than Lee. The resuhs of this campaign meant everjthing to the Confederate cause and much to the Union. We in the ranks knew but little that led to the sudden change and cared less if it increased the chances of success and signal victory. General Hooker went to Baltimore and General Mead to Gettysburg. All this day we marched through mud and water, rain and sun alternately pouring and shining down upon us, but undaunted on we moved hoping to join our corps still miles ahead between Emmetsbnrg and Gettysburg. General Stannard comprehended the urgency of haste and put us to the test of human endurance. In order that nothing should impede his progress he issued an order that none should leave the ranks, while on the march, to procure water. This order under the circumstances seemed cruel, because of the weather 90 degrees in the shade and marching from dawn to sunset at our utmost speed stopping only at mid-day for rest and to eat a sandwich of hard tack and boiled pork. We camped for the night, June 29th, about twelve miles north of Frederick City and three or four miles south of Lewiston in a little valley on the west bank of the Monocacy. \\'e had patiently waited for orders to stop for the night for nearly all were exhausted and hungry. Boiled pork and hard tack pretty much gone, no wagon train to supply us and to buy, beg or make personal requisition was the only alternative. Food and water on such a march are indispensable. Many of us had greenbacks and could buy. The price was high, but the food was the very best. The great loaves of wheat bread and large fat cherry pies hot and steaming from the outdoor oven we deemed cheap at any price and quickly exchanged our greenbacks for bread, pies and milk bantering not a word as to price. I paid one dollar a loaf for bread and fifty cents a piece for cherry pies. We were hungry and cared not for money. Some of the boys would say, "Xo use to save our money, may be killed to-morrow." The grim philosophy of the soldier was (uppermost in mind), namely, "'Let us eat and be happy to-day for to-morrow we may be killed in battle." We freely parted with our greenbacks and script and the thrifty Marylanders as freely parted with their pies, cakes and bread, butter, cheese and milk and their pockets we filled with money and our stomachs with the food we bought and both were satisfied. I did not learn of any pilfering by any of the boys of our brigade while passing through Maryland all seemed to conduct themselves in an upright and honorable manner, realizing the fact that they were in a loyal state and where a large percentage of the people were loyal, steadfastly upholding the cause of the Union. On the morning of the 30th of June, we were awakened early by the bugle call and at six o'clock were on the march. The weather was still cloudy and the rain had fallen during the night and the roads were almost impassible even for infantry. It did seem there was more rain than we required for the business at hand, and yet had it not been for the cloudy days and copious showers many more would have fallen out. We reached Lewiston about eight in the morning hungry for our morning meal was thin and little of it, and halted for a brief rest. The enterprising residents of this village were prepared for our coming and nunienius hucksters AMOS A. WIIlTINc, CO. C, AMOS A- WIHTIXC. CI). C. 1906. VV1I.UI.\.M W. WII.LKV. CO. C 1862. On the March to (irttvslviru/. 209 appeared along our line of march hawking their tempting pies, cakes, etc., urging us to bu}- (which was unnecessary.) We soon had their delicious food stored away in our stomachs and haversacks, and they of course had our money. Some of the boys that had been improvident and careless were fast becoming short of cash, but others shared with their comrades as long as the money and food held out. The 30th of June was, as I now recall it. the hottest day's march thus far on our journey. The weather and roads had been much the same since we crossed into Maryland. We were, as it seemed to us, marching faster and faster each day ; the regiment in the rear often had to double quick in order to keep up. The roads were now full of cavalry, artillery, infantry, ammuni- tion wagons, ambulances and frequently bunched and parked in such a manner as to impede our onward march, making our officers mad and progress slow and disagreeable. We of the 13th on this day were in the rear of our brigade, and the i6th in the lead, and it seemed to us that the i6th were marching faster than usual, keeping us now and then on the double quick in order to keep closed up. General Stannard evidently was determined to join the First corps to which he had been assigned before a battle commenced. He sent his aid, Lieutenant Benedict, forward to find General Reynolds and notify him of our position and approach and ask for orders. We reached Mechanicstown late in llie afternoon and bivouacked for the night just south of Emmitsburg a few miles south of Pennsylvania state line. Permit me before starting on another day's march to consider briefly where the two great armies were at the close of this last day of June, where bound, and where a battle was likely to occur and when. General John F. Reynolds commanding the First corps was near Black Horse Tavern, Marsh Run, about five miles south of Gettysburg with all his command except Stan- nard's Second Vermont Brigade which was at Mechanicstown pushing on as fast as blistering and bleeding feet and weary bodies wottld ])ermit. General Winfield S. Hancock in command of the Second corps was at Union- town, just west of A\'estminster, south of Gettysburg about thirty miles. General Daniel F^. Sickles in command of the 3rd corps was just north of Taneytown, Md., and about sixteen miles due south from Gettysburg and some three or four miles south of the Pennsylvania State line approaching Emmitsburg and Gettysburg over the Taneytown Road. General George Sykes in command of the Fifth army corps was at Union Mills, Maryland, just west of Manchester about thirty-five miles south of Gettysburg and a few miles east of Pike Creek. General John Sedgwick in command of the Sixth army corps was at Winches- ter, south and east of Gettysburg, about thirty-five miles. General O. O. Howard commanding the Eleventh corps was in the vicinity of Emmitsburg, perhaps twelve or fifteen miles south of Gettysburg. General Henry W. Slocum commanding the Twelfth army corps was at and near Littlestown, Penn., southeast of Gettysburg about fifteen miles away, four or five miles southwest from Hanover. General Alfred Pleasanton in command of the FKAXCIS 1-. STdDUAlUi. 1862. I-K.\XC1S F. STciDDAKl). CO. T905. PLUMMKK II. KUIIAKDSON, CD. C. 1862. I'MMMIK 11. RICHARDSON, CO. C. 1907. On the March to Gettysburg. 211 cavalry corps had his several divisions at different places, the first division under General John Buford was at Gettysburg along Wiloughby's Run, west and southwest of Gettysburg Village. General Kilpatrick was at Hanover. General Gregg at Manchester. General Henry J. Hunt in command of the artillery was moving the artillery along with the several army corps and hence it will be seen that on the evening of June 30th the army of the Potomac was located as here stated, which is approximately correct in the following order, the better to be concentrated at Gettysburg, namely, the First army corps at Marsh Run, the Eleventh at Emmitsburg, the Third at Bridgeport, the twelfth at Littlestown, Second at Uniontown, the Fifth at Union Mills, Md., Sixth at Manchester, cavalry in divisions at Gettysburg, Hanover, Manchester, and some regiments and battalions at different places as the exigency demanded, with General Mead's headquarters at Taneytown, Maryland, twelve or fifteen miles directly south of Gettysburg encircled as it will be observed by his eight army corps and artillery and all within ten miles of his then headquarters, and on both sides of Pike Creek, which had been considered by General Mead as a suitable spot to engage General Lee in battle. The Confederate army on the evening of June 30th was situated as follows: General Richard S. Ewell in command of the Second Corps south of Hiddlesburg at Cashtown and Greenwood some eight miles west of Gettysburg. General Ambrose P. Hill commanding the Third corps about six miles northeast of Gettysburg. General Longstreet commanding the First corps at Chambersburgh west and distant some twenty-five miles from Gettysburg, General Stuart in command of the cavalry was with a part of the cavalry at Hanover and the rest was with Longstreet, Ewell and Hill's corps, and the artillery attached to the several army corps under command of General E. Porter Alexander. The distances here given are direct lines and not the roads that were traveled to reach Gettysburg. The location of the two great armies and their proximity to each other on the evening of June 30th foreshadowed beyond question a mighty and sanguinary conflict, — a battle was imminent at or near Gettysburg unless General Lee would admit defeat and ignominiously retreat, which, under the circum- stances, was very improbable. General Lee had planned this campaign with deliberate care and con- summate ability, bringing to bear his valuable experience and his quite intimate knowledge of the army of the Potomac, its commanders, especially General Hooker, and at the same time, owing to the disheartening condition that the defeat at Chancellorsville produced in the army of the Potomac, and doubt and confusion in the administration at Washington, determined on the bold step of invasion, with greater and more ambitious objects in view, than ever before. His long cherished hopes were the main spring of action and his successes seemed to warrant and justify his present campaign and he started fully prepared to engage the army of the Potomac no matter who in command or its strength in numbers, but expected to meet General Hooker, but now June 30th he knew he must fight with General Mead in command of whom he knew but little. He had been fully informed that General Mead had crossed the Potomac and was in hot pursuit with an army of 90.000 strong harassing his CALVIN W. KKHAKDSON. CO. C, 1905. HKNKV K. MSIIN. CO. C. 1863. IIK.NKH k. \L?ri.V. CO. c. 1907. On the March to Gettysburg. 213 rear and threatening to cut off his only possible way of retreat and escape. The situation gave him no alternative. He must face about and accept the challenge of battle. He, General Lee, had from the first anticipated that General Hooker would follow him, as soon as the administration and Hooker divined his purpose, but not so rapidly nor had he likely thought it probable that Hooker would be relieved and General Mead placed in command on the march and on the eve of impending battle, but being apprised of the rapid and near approach of the Federal army now commanded by General Mead suddenly suspended his plan of campaign and ordered General Ewell to face about and move towards Cashtown and Gettysburg, undoubtedly confident of success. General Lee never planned for defeat, but like an able, fearless General always planned a way of retreat. He well knew that he must now fight, and realizing the ad- vantage of selecting a field of battle, it was done, and there at Gettysburg the great battle that meant so much to both sides was fought. While it is true • hat General ^lead's headquarters were at Taneytown on the evening of June 30th with all his army corps about him within a radius of twelve or fifteen miles, yet they were only halted for the night and their onward march in pursuit had not been for any reason or purpose held back and every preparation and cal- culation was onward, march, and during the night General Mead issued orders to march directly towards Gettysburg in the morning. General Lee knew of the fine roads leading from Gettysburg west to the Cumberland \'alley over which his army had come and that Gettysburg was an important strategic posi- tion and here he arranged for a battle and was first on the field and chose his position. I have been thus particular that you of the 13th Vermont Regiment might see and comprehend our situation as a regiment and brigade on the night of June 30th. We had gained a day's march and more from our camps along the Occoquan \-et the First corps to which we had been assigned was still miles in advance toward Gettysburg. General Stannard sent his aid, Lieut. Benedict during the late afternoon of June 30th forward to report to General Reynolds, our corps commander, our near approach and ask for orders. Lieut. Benedict returned to General Stan- nard"s headquarters near Emmitsburg during the night and reported that General Reynolds was at a small country tavern some five miles this side of Gettysburg and sent an urgent request to join his corps as soon as possible for it was likely that all would be needed before many hours. This quite important piece of news did not reach the rank and file until the following day. General Stannard comprehended the full import of the message and made all possible preparations for joining Reynolds as early on the following day as he could and have his brigade in condition to fight. The last night on that memorable march before the battle, we were bivouacked just outside of Emmitsburg apprehending that a battle was at hand, and likely before the setting of another sun many now buoyant and hope- ful of success and signal victory would be offered up a willing sacrifice for humanity and preser\'ation of the L^nion. W'e were well nigh worn out with our long weary march, day following day, from sun to sun. in almost a tropical heat, over bad roads and through fields, straining every nerve to overtake and join our corps two days the start of us in the march, and the whole Potomac ABRAHAM I.i:zi;R. 1(1. l', 1862. l-lCI.lx V.WXEY, ^■i 1862. JAMES CLARK, CO. C, 1862. GEORGE E. I'lERCE, CO. C, i8q2. On the March to Gettysburg. 215 army was hastening forward to intercept General Lee before he could cross the Susquehanna. The 2nd Vt. Brigade passed by many troops of other corps on our march to Emmitsburg and at the close of the day, (June 30th) was only a few miles (perhaps 10) behind the First corps to which we belonged, which corps was now in the lead and nearest to Gettysburg. We were un- usually tired, hungry and foot sore at the close of this 30th day of June, and only because of the power of mind over matter had so many been able thus far to remain in the ranks and with a determination to continue until the field of battle was reached. We ate of what remained in our haversacks and quickly laid down to rest, reflect and sleep. A few wrote brief letters home by the glimmering light of a far spent candle held by a reversed bayonet stuck in the ground, but very soon all was comparatively quiet and we thiough footsore and weary thought only of the consequences of the impending battle, of home, friends, and whether we should ever return to our native state or be captured or left dead and wounded on the field of battle ; such was the burden of thought and conversation. We slept the sleep of the weary and awoke at dawn of day refreshed and ready to take up the line of march at the bugle call and push forward, manfully determined to do our part to the uttermost, regardless of danger of capture, wounds or death. The morning rumor in our brigade was that General Stannard's Aid Bene- dict had brought an urgent message from General Reynolds to General Stan- nard to hasten forward his brigade, for likely in a few hours his corps would be engaged and he should need every soldier in his command. The morning of July 1st was cloudy and gloomy, all was commotion and confusion and the vast army all about was moving forward in the direction of Gettysburg, cavalry, artillery and infantry, a grand, sublime and imposing spectacle of 100,000 bravely hurrying forward to mortal combat. Every road was filled with a moving mass of soldiers occupying every available avenue, path and field over which an army could march and all moving with elastic step, stalwart forms, upright and bold, with faces beaming with courage and determination. Every- thing seemed to be on the move, the forest, cattle dotted meadowlands, fields of waving grain, herds of spotted kine feeding on the hills and in the valleys, the clouds above and land beneath apparently all moving in the same direction, was indeed a most ravishing and beautiful sight. An army of 100,000 equipped, arrayed for battle and on the march surpasses in grandeur and sublimity all other spectacles ever witnessed by man. We, the 2nd Vt. Brigade, impatiently waited at Emmitsburg for a chance to take up our line of march. General Stannard made known his information from General Reynolds and his orders to hasten forward, but not until ten o'clock were we able to pass ' through the moving mass on our way to join our corps which we supposed was anxiously waiting for us at Marsh Rim. The 13th regiment was placed in the lead on this day and with spirited and elastic step moved rapidly, courageously forward with ranks all well closed up and every soldier in his place (a few had fallen out,) now left at Emmitsburg, each seemed determined to cover the few miles that separated us from our corps with the least possible delay. We expected to join General Reynolds before noon knowing his location and the distance as reported by Lieutenant Benedict, for it was said to be only about DAVID C. SILLDWAV. CO. C, 1863. WILLIAM H. liuWLAND, CO. C, 1863. JAMES S. CASWELL, CO. C, 1908. SAMUEL W. IJEXIAMIX. CO. C, 1862. On tilt- March to Grttysbiin/. 217 eight miles or iwn hours' march at the rate we had Ijeen moving when not impeded by other troojis in our way. We hastened along for two hours and about noon arrived where the First corps had camped for the night and then learned that General Reynolds had put his corps in motion at daylight and was miles away and likely at Gettysbtirg while we were resting in his camp of the previous night, evidently vacated only a few hours before for the smottldering camp fires were still burning which we used and here made and drank our last cup of coffee and ate our last hard tack on this memorable march from the banks of the Occoquan to Gettysburg. \\'e. on every rise of ground, as we hastened forward looked anxiously expecting to see our corps i for we could see miles in advance) being ignorant of the orders issued during the council of war, held while we slept, that caused General Reynolds to hasten on so early in the day. We were at nt9wt' ^'^^ ||4r£ msJ ' fe< -. _. .-. Bfcy^* 9DN'i,i^[P^^^^2 OUir.IXAI, Sl'RCKANTS 01- CO. D, 1862. No. I. Alaninis F. Marrs. No. 2. Julius F. Densmore. No. 3. Henry O. Clark. No. 4. George Stevens. No. 5. William L. Blake. On the Battlefield of Cetlyshnnj. 225 crowded coiiditidn of every avenue at travel with troops that impeded his advance. There was some confusion and excitement when we arrived on Cemetery IJill near Douhleday's and Howard's headquarters. Our forces had been driven Ijack and now occupied Cemetery Ridge as a strategic strong position. General Reynolds, to whom had been gi\cn the evening before by General Mead special directions to advance and assume command when he should find the enemy, had been killed. This great loss i:ilaced General I )onbleday in command of the field until about noon, when (icnt'ral llowarfl of the Eleventh corps arrived. He outranking General r)oul>led;i\' look command and remained in command until General Hancock arrived diri'ct from neral Mead, (and after General Mead had learned of the death of General Keyu'ilds) with particular directions to take charge of the battlefieUl and so informed General Howard, but General Howard outranked General Hancock and was in command as he claimed, until General ]\Iead should arrive. 'J'he situation was critical and both Howard and Hancock realized that there was no time for any discussion as to rank, but only what was best to be done. ( k-neral Howard had lieen driven to his present position, and General Hancock while in conversation with General Howard surveying from Cemetery Hill the coinurx- all about, said, "General this is a good place to fight a battle." Howard agreed and then Hancock said, "We will locate here for the final battle", and then every effort was put forth to so locate artillery, cavalry and infantry to be ready for General Lee's army which was sure to attack as soon as daylight, if not liefore. The Federal army was so well and skilfully placed on and about Cemetery Ridge as to be quite secure against a much superior force, on account of location and sin-roundings When our brigade reached the field July ist the army was (|uite well |)repared to hold the jiosition selected and then occupied. Our corps, the First, was now alto.gether on and near Cemetery Hill, the Eleventh corps was also on Cetiietery Hill. The Third corps, in command of General Sickles arriving, took position between Little Roinid Top and Ceme- tery Hill and the Twelfth was near by rapidly approaching the battlefield. Besides we had General Bnford's cavalry and many batteries in position. The close of the first day's fight found General Howard with the Eleventh corps on Cemetery Hill holding the front and center, the First corps holding both flanks with Buford's cavalry on the Emmitsburg Road near the peach orchard, the Third corps about a mile south on the Taneytown road, and the Twelfth near Little Round Top. Though we occupied a strong and almost impregnable position, we were largely outnumbered at this hour and almost completely surrounded and the Confederate army had been successful during the day and compelled us to select our present position. General Ewell's corps was at our front and right close up to the base of Cemetery and Gulp's Hill. A. P. Hill's corps was on our left, supported by General Longstreet and his corps, and therefore it will be seen we were at the close of this first day's battle almost completely surrounded by General Lee's whole army which, owing to the success of the day, made them confident of final victory. It was quite fortunate for our side that Generals Ewell and Hill did not follow up their vantage ground at four o'clock in the afternoon of the first day. We had in SERGT. HENRV (>. CLARK. CO. D, HENRY (I. CL.\RK, CO. D, 1862. igo6. Clark on the left; John Welch of Co. I on the right. CORP. GEORGE X. WRIGHT. CO. D, 1862. GEORGE X. WRIGHT, CO. D, 1906. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 227 fact been badly whipped during the first day because of superior numbers. Only the First corps and some of Buford's cavalry on the field until about noon to meet and fight Ewell's and Hill's combined commands. The first day was a sad and hard day for we had been driven from position to position and compelled to retreat and take refuge on Cemetery Hill. We had during the day suffered great loss, though we had succeeded in making the progress of Lee's army very expensive in dead, wounded, and captured. Generals Ewell and Hill with their corps, 40,000 strong, now flushed with victory, had they followed up their golden opportunity, it is more than likely the great battle would have been fought to a finish in the vicinity of Pipe Creek south and east of Gettysburg. Great Generals make mistakes and General Lee made them on this field. Our position on Cemetery Ridge was very strong; General Hancock when he first arrived saw at a glance it was a very strong natural position equal to thousands of men to resist an attack, and his selection at sight of this position was an inspiration and contributed much towards the defeat of General Lee and of the victory of General Mead. We had at four o'clock on the first day of the battle only the First and Eleventh corps which had been badly depleted during the day and General Buford's division of cavalry and a part of our artillery and on the other hand the whole of Lee's army was on the field with the exception of Longstreet who was near by and rapidly approaching on the Chambersburgh road. Our position was such at this hour that we might have been driven from Cemetery Hill if General Ewell had been permitted to have carried out his plan of attack at four o'clock in the afternoon, but General Lee quite naturally waited for General Longstreet with whom were the selected and the flower of the army of Northern Virginia, besides General Longstreet was first in council, first in battle and first when a mighty battle was pending involving such im- portant consequences as on this occasion, and he had not yet reached the field, and General Lee now believed that General Mead's army was all up and in position on Cemetery Ridge and Gulp's Hill, Big and Little Round Top, ready and waiting for a defensive or offensive contest, determined on, at any cost, victory. It is literally true that our regiment was hungry, thirsty, tired and well nigh physically exhausted when we reached position on Cemetery Hill ; and down the line came the order not to build fires to make coffee, but lie down with equipments on ready for action, for the enemy were near by to the north, east and west and had been successful during the day. Our corps, the First and Eleventh had been forced back, though by hard and desperate fighting from early morning until night, contesting every foot of ground, making the slow advance of General Hill's division expensive, with fearful slaughter; our corps too, suffered great loss, as we were driven from position to position by the overpowering numbers of the enemy, falling back however in good order neither rattled, unduly frightened or panic stricken in the least, on our reserve then on, and holding Cemetery Hill. Our first and almost desperate inclination as we halted was to quench our awful thirst, our canteens were empty and had been nearly all day and much of the time for the last three days, for as all must recollect an order was issued on the march through Maryland prohibiting any one to leave the ranks for water while on the move, and only when halted for OSCAR J. TOMJJNSOX, Cn. U, 1906. JOHN W. l-ORKHSI", CO. D, 1902. On the Battlefield of Gcttyshunj. 229 rest and at noon and evening. Some of our regiment because of fainting had in passing an overflowing and nearby spring left the ranks for water in viola- tion of the order, choosing rather to obtain water and remain in the line of march than fall out and be left behind. We had been taught by General Stan- nard two days back while marching through Maryland that orders must be obeyed and would be enforced to the letter irrespective of rank, humanity or any other cjuestion save the military necessity that might demand a suspension or change, and so we thereafter obeyed and sufl'ered the misery of unquenched thirst on a rapid march rather than disobey. First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K prompted only by motives of humanity after repeated re(|uests for permission for some of the boys of his company to leave the ranks for water and discovering the fainting condition of some, took private C)liver Pariso of Company K loading them- selves with all the empty canteens they could carry and started for a nearby spring for water which they found in charge of a mounted safe guard, who informed Lieutenant Brown that his orders would not allow him to procure water at that spring. Lieutenant Brown said, "My men are fainting from thirst and must have water, and water I have come for, knowing what the order was, and with or without your consent water I must and will have." He gave his name, rank, company and regiment to the safe guard who immediately rode off in haste and Lieutenant Brown and Private Pariso filled their canteens with water and returned to the company and quenched the thirst of many a thankful private, and for this act Lieutenant Brown was placed under arrest and relieved of his sword ; but IJeutenant Brown continued in his place, marched to Gettysburg on to the field, procured a common camp hatchet that belonged to a comrade and went into battle with this hatchet as a substitute for his sword, and no one was foolish enough to object to Lieutenant Brown taking part in the fight, though only armed with that ancient and barbarous and savage weapon of warfare. Lieutenant Brown's release from arrest had been procured in the early morning of July 2nd, but his sword was miles distant in the wagon train where it had been placed when taken and could not now be restored. The hatchet answered Lieutenant Brown's purpose and he made good use of it during the battle. As a matter of fact on the last day of battle, and while on the charge against General Pickett's charging columns, with raised hatchet in hand captured from one of General Pickett's officers a sword, scabbard, belt and pistol in the presence of the author which was then and there in haste buckled on and thereafter worn by Lieutenant Brown during the battle, and carried by him to his home in Swanton \'ermont, where he hvmg it on the wall where it re- mained for many years after the war was over, and this sword and scabbard he cherished as mementoes of General Pickett's famous charge, and in remem- brance of the battle that was the turning point in the mighty struggle for the preservation of the Lmion and the principals of freedom, humanity and justice. The sword and scabbard is now in charge of the historical Association of Ver- mont and among the relics at the State House at Montpelier, \'t., carried there by Lieutenant Brown a few months before his death. JOHN E. WlIF.Er.OCK, CO. D, 1862. JOHN }■:. \\iii-;elock, co. d, 1 90^). MOSES A. WHEELOCK, CO. D, 1862. HENRV MC.WOV, CO. D, 1862. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 231 By the time our brigade settled down in its location it was quite dark and none of us had any knowledge of springs or streams of running water and did not know where to procure any water, but on inquiry were told by going east a short distance would strike an over flowing spring. Six or eight from each company were allowed to go in search of water, taking as many empty canteens as they could carry. A half dozen or more from company K started for water. We soon reached the banks of a brook, but it was now mostly dry and the holes we found contained only warm, muddy, dead water, and we thought also animals, (not fish) and on we went following down the brook until we found a small running stream, and in the woods it was quite cool and fairly good. We satisfied our thirst, filled our canteens and hastily returned to our thirsty com- rades. Perhaps some had, after reaching our position on the field something to eat, but sure it is many of us did not have a morsel left in our haversacks and there was no wagon trains in sight or any where to be found. All had been sent off to the east to avoid capture. It was exceedingly fortunate for the First and Eleventh corps and Buford's cavalry that General Lee had no accurate knowledge of the numbers before him during the first day's battle. He knew the army of the Potomac had all crossed at Edwards Ferry and thereabouts, some days before and that the First and Eleventh corps under Generals Reynolds and Howard were on the battlefield vigorously contesting the advance of Generals A. P. Hill and Ewell's corps during the first day's fighting, and therefore concluded that the whole army of the Potomac under its new leader. General Mead, was in position on Cemetery Hill and Ridge, Gulp's Hill, Big and Little Round Top, waiting for him to advance. He had ordered both Hill and Ewell not to bring on a general engagement until his whole army was up. General Longstreet who commanded the First corps (which was con- sidered the best and most important) had not yet arrived, nor was his artillery all at hand. The able, skilful and tenacious manner in which the First corps under General Doubleday had fought and held the field on Seminary Ridge and west of it against General Hill's overpowering numbers until General Howard arrived with the Eleventh corps early in the afternoon, and then the manoeuvring of the First and Eleventh corps and the desperate fighting during the rest of the day with General Howard in command fully justified General Lee in the opinion that a much larger force was before him than actually existed. In fact only Buford's cavalry and the First corps and some of our artillery were on the battlefield at Gettysburg until afternoon of the first day of the battle and they met the advancing hosts of General A. P. Hill's corps and held their position against a great disparity of numbers until the Eleventh corps arrived. General Howard and staff took a more direct road from Emmitsburg. leaving his corps in charge of General Churz, and reached Gettysburg about noon some little time before the arrival of his corps. The first days battle had been fought from early dawn until afternoon by General Buford's cavalry and General Reynold's First corps and the rest of the day had the assistance of the Eleventh corps under command of General Schurtz, General Howard being in command of all the forces after his arrival on the field. And thus it was the First and Eleventh corps numbering less than 18,000 men with General Buford's division of cavalry and some artillery had courageously and successfully fought 1 E% { ^ ' M p^^^^^ ir^W^^^% ^^B ---' '^^^^^^ ^^^ ■HE ^afefej*.^^^ -i^^^j^. MVUON P. SCULLIX, CO. D, 1862. MVRON P. SCULI.IX, CO. D, 1905. JOSI.\H M. CARKV, CO. D, 1863. JOSI-\U M. C.\RKY, CO. D, 1906. Oil the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 233 and held in check from sunrise to sundown the first day's fighting, Generals Ewell and A. P. Hill's corps outnumbering us on the field more than two to one. The First corps to which the Second Vermont Brigade belonged was made up as follows : Corps Commander, General John F. Reynolds ; First Division, General James S. Wadsworth, First Brigade, General Soloman Meredith, Second Brigade, General Lysander Cuttler ; Second Division, General John C. Robinson, First Brigade, General Gabriel R. Paul, Second Brigade, General Henry Baxter ; Third Division, General Abner Doubleday, First Brigade, General Thomas A. Rowley, Second Brigade, Colonel Roy Stone, Third Brigade, General George J. Stannard ; Artillery Brigade, Colonel Charles S. Wainwright; General Stannard's brigade was composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th Vermont Regiments and commanded by Colonels Asa P. Blunt, Francis Vol- taire Randall, \Vm. T. Nichols. Redfield Proctor and Wheelock G. Veazey respectively. After General Stannard was wounded on the last day of the battle, and after General Pickett's charge. Colonel Randall of the 13th \'ermont was placed in command of the brigade and so continued in charge until July loth. when his regiment, the 13th, was ordered to \'ermont to be mustered out on account of expiration of term of service. It will be observed that the battle was opened so far as infantry was con- cerned by the First division of the First corps commanded by General Wads- worth about ten o'clock in the forenoon of July ist and at this hour there was no infantry of General Mead's command on the field at Gettysburg only those that belonged to the First corps. The Eleventh corps did not arrive on the field until about one o'clock p. m. The Third and Twelfth corps arrived at the close of the day between sundown and dark. There can be no question but what the First corps was in a desperate situation many times during the first day's battle, even after the arrival of the Eleventh corps, and had it not been for the timely arrival of General Howard and his corps what would have become of the First corps and Buford's cavalry and their artillery support may be well conjectured. General A. P. Hill's corps was advancing against the First corps from west of Gettysburg and Ewell's corps from the north and east of Gettysburg with great persistency, and this was the situation when the Eleventh corps reached the battlefield of Gettysburg. General Howard exhibited most excellent military judgment when he occupied Cemetery Hill as a position of great strength. Notwithstanding the determined efiforts of Doubleday and Schurtz to hold in check the corps of Hill and Ewell, they were obliged to gradually give way and take position on Cemetery Hill and Ridge which as a defensive position was first occupied by the First and Eleventh corps about four o'clock in the afternoon. General Hancock reaching the field and Cemetery Hill at about the same hour with orders from General Mead then at Taney- town. Generals Howard and Hancock quickly placed batteries and infantry on Cemetery Hill and along the ridge in such a manner as to make their position quite secure against superior numbers. The First corps and the Eleventh with Buford's division of cavalry had been driven back inch by inch and finally com- pelled to seek a strategic and commanding position thereby hoping to hold in check the victorious legions of Hill and Ewell who had thus far been successful during the da\' and now flushed with victory and no doubt supposing they had WILLIAM CROSBY, CO. D, 1862. 1906. LEOX II. DKAKi:. CO. D, 1804. LEOX H. DR.XKE, CO. D, 1906. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 235 been driving the whole army of the Potomac from the battlefield and backwards towards Washington. Nothing had transpired during the many engagements of the day on any part of the field that furnished any indication of weakness, lack of numbers or willingness to accept every opportunity of the Federal forces to engage in battle. The Confederate forces had been so hotly engaged and resisted all day long that General Lee had a right to believe, as no doubt he did that General Mead's army was present in force, and it would not do to be too hasty. He knew very well the Federal army would now fight more desperately than ever before, that they were prepared and anxious to meet him and fully determined to vanquish his great army, and would if need be sacrifice every soldier rather than retreat or surrender. There was in fact only one thought that now animated every soldier of that valiant army that had been so often humiliated and defeated from General Mead down to the most humble private that carried a gun, namely. Victory or death. The time had come for a full and final settlement of the old scores of many battlefields, and the army of the Potomac was enthusiastic and determined and anxious to meet once more General Lee and his valiant and thus far victorious army in battle, believing that they now had a commander in General Mead, able to handle and place in battle lines to the best advantage every regiment if required to insure success. Arbitrament on any battlefield wherever it might please General Lee, he having boldly challenged the army of the Potomac by invasion, which challenge was willingly accepted, confidently believing that the God of battles would be with justice and the right, and that the time had come for the army of the Potomac to decide the supreme and all important questions, the preservation of the Union and the principal of government by the people. General Lee realized when he ascertained that the army of the Potomac had crossed into Maryland and was following in such haste that he could not reach Harrisburg and avoid General Mead, menacing his communica- tions and base of supply, and his only way back to the valleys of Shennandoah was to face about and prepare for battle, choose a desirable field and wait for an attack, which he knew was certain under the circumstances, to follow. He therefore ordered General Ewell on the 29th of June to leave the west banks of the Susquehanna and return to Cashtown in all haste for concentration near Gettysburg, for the great army of the Potomac had already crossed into Mary- land and were now marching north of Frederick City in the vicinity of Taney- town and Emmitsburg rapidly pushing up the valley of the Monocacy and a battle was imminent and peril great. On the 30th of June, Ewell and Hill were near Gettysburg and Long- street at Chambersburg and J. E. B. Stuart with cavalry at Hanover some ten miles east of Gettysburg, and the army of the Potomac was mostly concen- trated near Taneytown and Emmitsburg except General Reynolds with the First corps at Marsh Run ten miles south of Gettysburg, and Kilpatrick with cavalry at Hanover and General Buford with his division of cavalry rapidly approaching Gettysburg from the south on a line west of Gettysburg village. Ml"UR\\' W. TIKiMPSON. CO. D, MUKRAV \V. THOMPSOX, CO. D, 1864. On the Battlefield of (iettyshKri/. 237 Gcncral Mead mi the evening of the 30th of Jmie had arranged to advance his army and gave orders to General Reynolds to move on the morning of Jidy 1st to Gett}'sburg with his corps and General Hn.sc(|iiciiccs of the coming day. Two mighty armies equally daring and brave, heroes of many bloody battles and each army about 100,000 strong were face to face making every possible jjreparaticjn for renewing the battle in the morning. (jcneral Lee's army was cxnllant and Hushed with the successes of the l'"irst day. C.cncral .Mcad'> aini\ kiu-w and realized they had been overwhelmingly outnumbered and iiad not Iiad an e\cn chance and were an.xious to try again. General Mead and staff arrived insi |)a>t midnight, examined carefully the field, manoeuvred his corps, divisions and brigades which had arrived, to meet the situation. All reached the field before ten o'clock except the Sixth corps, which was reported on the way, and before sunrise, General Mead was ready to receive General Lee and to give him a warm reception. There was much com- motion and changing of jjositions. moving of artillery, cavalry and infantry, aids hurrying in every direction near our i)osition all uight long, and tliosc of us w^ho did not sleep heard and saw the strenuous preparation for the deadly struggle at hand, and as the long lines of blue arrived and took position and the artillery was arriving and being placed in ])Osition our hopes were buoyant anti our confidence restored. The night of July ist was perfect, a gentle breeze from the south, clear and warm, the moon and stars reflected their borrowed light advantageously for the locating of battle lines and placing cannon where they could the most effectively, use shrajmel and canister when attacked. Tiie arduous labor of the commanding officers during the night revealed, as the first rays of the morning sun shone on the field, an almost miraculous change from the jjrcvious evening. The whole army was astir as .soon as light. The ])osition of the 13th on the early morning of the second day of battle was in a wheal fielil about live hundred yards south of the present location of the Xational Monument and a few rods west of (jeneral Mead's head(|uarters on the west side of the Taney- town Road; an elevated position that commanded an almost tuiobstructed view of the battlefield from Big Round Top way to the south, then along Seminary Ridge to the west and north of Gettysburg village and as far to the northeast as Cul])'s Hill and the cultivated fields, woodlands, hills and valleys and moun- tains beNond as far as the eye could see. .V grand and picturesque panoramic view of nature's most attractive scenes among the hills and mountains of north- ern Maryland and southern rennsylvania. No more ideal s])ot could have been found for the consecration and sacrifice of the thousands of precious lives than that charming field Gettysburg. Tiie wliole regiment seemed to have taken a standing ])osition simultaneously as if by military orders, anxious to see and realize our immediate surroun".• the vigilant picket line-, and in the On the Battlefield of Gettysburi/. 241 immediate front and rear of the artillery in position, the double battle lines of blue in support ready to resist any charge or at an opportune moment advance against the enemy. The arrival of General Alead and Chief of artillery, Henry J. Hunt, during the night of the iirst day's battle was prompt and timely, and before daylight of the second day General Mead carefully inspected the chosen field, visited every part of the field, conferred with his corps commanders, ascertained fully the results of the first day's battle and how his army had been manoeuvred and placed in position, making such changes as seemed advisable in order to be better prepared for the desperate contest that he knew full well was inevitable. General Lee's army had been successful as a result of the first day's battle and they, from General Lee to the humblest private were flushed with victory and anxious to renew the battle at the break of day, fully determined on, and ex- pecting (as often before) to vanquish the army of the Potomac and place on their flags and banners an unparalleled victory that would be the last, and secure to them (at least) division of states and a separate Government. But the con- summation of such high and ardently longed for hopes so long deferred were not to be realized on this field of supreme efi^ort between two brave and valerous armies about equal in numbers, each thoroughly equipped, and commanded with consummate skill and great military ability; the prowess and bravery of one, was like the other. The cause of the Union was right and that of the Con- federacy wrong, and other things being equal it is the verdict of history in all great emergencies the right prevails. We of the 13th were up in the gray of the early morning, no drum or bugle necessary to awaken and summon us to duty. We had lain down on our arms on an open field ready for action and now for the first time gazed around in order to see where we were and what was about us. Our position was elevated and on Cemetery Ridge just south of Ziegler's Grove commanding a view of country for miles in any direction. It was an at- tractive and charming picture of cultivated fields of ripening grain, of meadow and pasture lands, wooded hills and valleys, mountains to the west, and the rising of the sun developed one of nature's grandest and most enchanting views. No more lovely place to be found at this season of the year, July, on earth to die for principal and in defense of home and native land than Gettysburg. Yes, in any direction could be seen the deadly cannon pointed and ready for action, moving lines of blue where the brave had bivouacked on the field of battle, mounted officers and aids were hurrying to and fro completing the lines of battle, making all possible preparation to resist the expected advance of the enemy and to hold the position selected. We read in the faces of the com- manding officers the desperate situation of the army of the Potomac on this morning of July 2nd. Their hurried movements and anxious faces revealed to the rank and file their grave apprehension and great responsibility, for the mighty army under their command. Nearly all except the Sixth corps had reached the field during the night but there was confusion, and day light necessary to arrange the army to be in prime condition to fight a battle which was im- minent at sun rise as all believed. UEUT. FRANK KENFIIXL), CO. li, 1862. LIEUT. IK.\NK KE.Nl'IELD. CO. E, 1906. LIEUT. SIDNEY S. MOREV. CO. E, 1863. LIEUT. SIl)Ni;\ >. MdKEY. CO. E, 1888. On flic Battlefield of Gettysbiiry. 243 The expected early morning advance of Generals Hill's and Ewell's corps did not occur and all were thankful. General Longstreet had not as yet reached the battlefield and therefore General Lee was not ready though two of his three army corps were present in full ranks and in position and anxiously waiting for orders to advance. The First and Eleventh corps were in position on Cemetery Ridge and Gulp's Hill before sundown. The Twelfth corps under General Slocum and most of the Third under General Sickles had reached the field and taken position south on the Taneytown Road east of Little Round Top, also Stan- nard's brigade of the First corps had reached the field and been placed in position on the west side of Taneytown Road on the crest of Cemetery Ridge just south of Ziegler's Grove in a wheat field before dark of July ist. General Stannard's brigade reached the battlefield by the way of Emmitsburg road just west of the Round Top about six o'clock in the afternoon. The fight- ing of the day was pretty much over and Generals Hancock and Howard were directing the placing of troops on and about Cemetery Hill and Ridge with all possible haste to be ready for General Lee's advance which was expected at any moment. Generals Ewell's and Hill's corps being in force in Gettysburg vil- lage, the northern slopes of Cemetery Hill and Gulp's Hill and the plains east and northwest where the fighting of the day had taken place. The Second Vermont Brigade moved deliberately from Emmitsburg Road across the field along the valley of Plum Run past the Peach Orchard through the copse up the western slope of Cemetery Ridge passing over the same ground that we occupied during the night of the second day of battle and all the day long of the third and last day's battle and from place to place till finally given a position near the crest of Cemetery Ridge. There was considerable confusion of orders among officers in charge as to where General Stannard's Brigade should be placed. General Stannard had sent Lieutenant Benedict of his staff forward on approaching the field to report his presence with his command and for orders, and had returned with orders from some subordinate officer belonging to the First corps and con- ducted our Brigade as best he could to the position indicated. There were many troops arriving about this time of day and there was much confusion. General Slocum with the Twelfth corps and General Sickles with the Third corps both making strenuous efiforts to bring their commands to Cemetery Hill as urged by General Howard when he, General Howard, was obliged to fall back and take position on Cemetery Hill. General Mead had sent out orders to concentrate the army at Gettysburg and the several corps were endeavoring to reach that locality at the earliest possible moment ; and because of so many arriving about the same hour, infantry, cavalry and artillery and all approaching from the south it was almost impossible to avoid confusion and delay, and this accounts for the different recollections and opinions as to the exact position on the battlefield occupied by the 13th the first night. The most of us recall that we were marched about considerably after reaching Cemetery Ridge which seemed to be without any particular purpose, and it was said that General Stannard swore like a piper and Colonel Randall filled the air with his accustomed and peculiar dialect because so much moving about when their boys were all tired out from the long day's hard march and wanted to rest. I am not able to say just where, how much and how many times we CORP. HENRY C. PARSONS, CO. E, 1862. CORP. JOSEPH M. CllAl'LIN. CO. E, 1906. On the Battlefield of Gcttysbnnj. 245 halted after we reached the vicinity of Cemetery Hill that tirst evening before we were finally ordered to a position, but do recall to mind the fact that when we awoke in the morning there was a burying ground near by and north, and that we could see Gettysburg village less than a mile away in the valley below. As we watched the congested mass of soldiers near by, we saw others beside the 13th, 14th and i6th wearing the First corps badge and now were sure that we had finally after seven days of weary marching found and joined the First corps to which we had been assigned before leaving the banks of the Occoquan some twenty miles east of Bull Run battlefield, \'a., having traveled during the seven days about one hundred and fifty miles. I am sure there can be no question but what our position on the early morning of July 2nd was on the west side of Taneytown Road and a few yards westerly from General Mead's headquarters. Our position was changed early in the morning to the east of Cemetery Hill where we found for the first time the Third division to which we belonged then in charge of General Doubleday, and here we were given opportunity for breakfast. It was only an opportunity. Some of the boys did find a little ground ' cofi^ee in the bottom of their haversacks, procured some tnuddy water and made coffee. I do not recall that any distribution of pork, hard tack and cofYee was made that forenoon to our regiment, though it may be true. I am sure that none of my company made coffee or ate any breakfast that morning. My haversack was empty and stomach too, and had no opportunity to replenish either. The surroundings, the scenes, the battlefield, the expectancy of immediate engagement drove away any desire for food and generally so far as I observed, but little if any preparation for, or eating that morning by the 13th regiment was made. If any rations were given out, the boys of the 13th did not get any share of them. Such is the recollection of those who have spoken and written of our rations during the battle. I do not assert that rations were not brought out and distributed to our brigade, but that the 13th was not fortunate enough to share in them. Nearly every haversack was empty before we reached Gettysburg, and some of us were hungry and thirsty and looked for food and water at the first opportunity, and more the 13th regiment had a goodly number who from ex- perience could scent food far away and were neither timid or modest, and if there had been any rations of salt pork or hard tack and coffee any where within sight, scent or reach would have had a share, and such good luck would have been an incident under the circumstances that would have been indelibly impressed on the memory of some of us. Of course we had among us a little coffee, salt pork and hard tack and this was divided up among the boys from hand to mouth as long as it lasted, and if any of our regiment had any food during the last two days of the battle it was not Company K. No one needed more convincing evidence of long fasting than the appearance of the boys on the morning of July 4th when a wagon loaded with boxes of hard tack appeared among us. It has been said that the Second Vermont Brigade marched and counter marched for a couple of hours after reaching Cemetery Hill on the evening of July ist, and was finally placed on the right of General Birney's division of General Sickles" corps and there Musu'iAX, TiiAiinius w III I'i'ii , (II. i; 1862. M I >n I \.\ , III Miiii;i > w II irri.i:. cn, i-;, i9o(). JONATHAN W . DAMKLS. CU. E, KINATIIAN W. DAMKLS. CO. E, On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 247 remained during the niglit. This statement I believe is error for Birney's divi- sion of the Third corps during the night of the ist of July was south on the Taneytown Road nearly fifteen hundred yards from Cemetery Hill. The Third corps was situated between Cemetery Hill and Little Round Top from which it advanced westward to its slaughter-pen in the afternoon of the second day. The First corps bivouacked on the night of July ist on the western and southern slopes of Cemetery Hill, and at Gulp's Hill and General Doubleday with the Third division to which the Second Vermont Brigade belonged occupied a position immediately south of Cemetery Hill, and we marched only a short distance on the morning of the 2nd which brought us near by and east of Cemetery Hill. If we had been placed on the right of General Birney's division of General Sickles' corps as claimed then our early morning march to the east of Cemetery Hill would have been a mile or more. The Second Vermont Brigade did not belong with the Third corps and no occasion for our being placed with them. We did belong with, and had been, with all our might for seven long weary days marching to overtake and join the First corps to which we had been assigned, and that was in position on the evening of July ist nearby and south of the village burying ground which was located on top of Cemetery Hill, and this place we reached sometime before dark. General Stannard had made every possible effoirt during the day especially after being informed of the death of our Corps commander, General Reynolds, and informed by General Doubleday of his desperate situation, and urged to hurry forward as rapidly as possible to reach the battlefield and join the division and corps that he had been assigned to on the field. General Doubleday would not have sent General Stannard a rnile away into General Sickles' corps, nor would General Stannard have submitted to any such disposition of his brigade. It is a reflection and therefore should not stand as a part of our movement on that field, though perhaps quite unimportant. It is more likely the 15th regiment that was with General Birney during the night of July ist, for it came on to the field with General Sickles' corps and joined our brigade in the early morning of July 2nd. On the evening of June 23rd while still on the outer picket line along the lower Occoquan expecting to move any hour (some thought homeward) and others to follow in the wake of the army of the Potomac which had passed us mostly four days before, an important order pregnant with unlooked for glory and renown reached our brigade and regiment attaching General Stan- nard's Second \'ermont Brigade to the First army corps commanded by that high spirit and patriotic soldier General John F. Reynolds, urging General Stannard as soon as the army of the Potomac had passed through his picket line to hasten on and join the command then near Gum Springs a few miles south of Edwards Ferry. The determination and ambition of General Stan- nard was to fulfil to a letter the orders received and unite his command with the First corps before the first gun of the impending battle aroused the heroes of the blue and gray to deadly conflict. And nothing but death or unforseen contingency would swerve him from strict compliance of such an important military order, and therefore our brigade joined Doubleday's division on the evening of July ist and there remained during the night instead of being on the ikXIl.l.l': CIIOATH, CO. K 1862. ou\n,[.K I'uo.vn-:, co. K I goo. B.aK.Mm .>. I L l.l.l.M.luN, 1862. li.\KNKY S. FUIJJM'.TiiX, CO. E, 1904. On the Battlefield of Cettysbiir;/. 249 right of General Biniey's division of the Third corps. General Sickles claimed that he brought the Vermonters with his corps to the battlefield of Gettysburg, but this claim was not true only in part as will be noted and explained herein later. There was confusion everywhere and it could not have been avoided on that last daA-'s march. .\n army of 100,000 concentrating in all haste at a given point and from the same direction through a section of country where the highways were not adequate for the purpose and all under the direction of a commander only two days in charge of the great army of the Potomac ac- counts for delays and confusion. I agree it does not matter much just where we lay that first night on the battlefield or in whose command we were tem- porarily located. If lost in the darkness and moving masses on the evening of our arrival daylight of the second day and the morning salute of the enemy's cannon found us in the morning on Cemetery Hill surrounded by the several brigades of our division. When in position east of Cemetery Hill where we had moved with our division early in the morning it was evident that a demon- stration was soon to be made for the picket lines revealed vigilance and activity of the two armies thus early in the day, and an occasional shrapnel whizzed, screamed and exploded over and about us, all of which indicated preparation of the enemy for the delivery of battle somewhere or every where along their five miles of battle lines, but just when or where was unknown and difficult to judge. The proximity of Ewell's corps on the north and east of Cemetery Hill prompted General Mead to prepare for an advance of the enemy against our right. The First corps was now in command of General Newton and the Twelfth corps under General Slocum was placed on the extreme right to guard it, the right wing, against being turned and we driven from position by General Lee's second corps commanded by General Ewell. General Mead and his staff were seen rapidly moving from place to place to be ready for the charge that was expected at any moment. Every corps except the Sixth had reached the battlefield and were being placed in position, and before mid-day were quite ready. The defeat and forced retreat of the previous day determined Mead to prepare fully for a defensive battle. Let us call attention to our position to which we moved in the early morning just east of Cemetery Hill where we remained until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. It was evident that there was urgent need of placing General Doubleday with his division here — an attack was expected from General Early and the rapid firing of the enemy said as much. General Mead was now confident that his position could be held and maintained against the bold and desperate efforts of General Lee and his valiant and victorious army, and therefore impatiently waited for General Lee's delivery of battle. The Second Vermont Brigade was sur- rounded by veteran troops and receiving its first instruction on a great battle- field in the art and science of war fully realizing ard comprehending the great and important consequences that must inevitably follow, victory or defeat to the cause of the Union or the Confederate states. The army of the Potomac was not a machine soldiery, for in the hilt of every sword and behind every gun was the best blood of the nation, and in equal numbers the most intelligent and best educated and knightly patriotic heroes of the Republic. Not a soldier boy in the ranks of Stannard's brigade but what was familiar with the record ^UMNKK A. ANDREWS, CO- E, 1865. SUMNER A. ANDREWS, CO- E, 1905. RANSOM I!. COODKLL, CO. E, 1862. RANSOM B. C.OODELL, CO. t, 1896. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 251 of valorous deeds on many a bloody field of the old Vermont brigade of the Sixth corps and now said to himself "I will do my utmost to keep good the enviable reputation of Vermonters on the field of battle." Actuated by noble impulses of duty, inspired by ancestral glory, pride of state and nation, love of home and country and solicitous for the preservation of the Union and perpetuation of the Republic, Stannard's brigade undaunted by fear boldly, courageously, and with determination in every look and act steadily moved reck- lessly, into battle. General Lee planned an attack for the morning to be delivered by General Longstreet and Ewell, supported by General Hill against our center and right, confidently expecting to capture Cemetery Hill and hurl us back in confusion toward Washington. The army of the Potomac was never better prepared for a fight, every branch of service well and amply equipped, the officers united and harmonious, the morale of the army better than ever before, and all, from General Mead to the humblest drummer boy anxious to try once more the supreme test of courage, prowess and endurance in battle, and these intensified conditions General Lee had failed properly to consider, relying more on his experience with the army of the Potomac and his own military genius, his veteran officers and soldiers that had never failed him or sutfered a humiliated defeat when he was present. The boys of the 13th regiment during that long forenoon of anxious sus- pense while east of Cemetery Hill supporting batteries remained there in battle line hardly speaking above a whisper and then to some comrade nearby, unless for permission to leave the ranks for water. The day was hot and water scarce and only obtainable at risk of being picked off by some sharp shooter, a nearby branch of Rock Creek containing only pools and holes of dead water and the pure cool spring water of Spangler" Spring was on the east side of Gulp's Hill in dangerous proximity to Ewell's battle lines and we therefore sparingly quenched our thirst with the warm, muddy dead water from the pools and holes nearby. We were cautioned against approaching Springs within range of sharp shooters, for now a single soldier was of the titmost value and life must not be lost by unnecessary ex- posure. The mighty struggle was near at hand and the life of a nation hanging in the balance and every precaution must be used that we might in the supreme hour of hand to hand struggle succeed. Not many of our regiment left the ranks even for water that long forenoon, and all who did quickly returned not- withstanding the temptation to skulk behind rocks and trees. There was but little firing in our immediate vicinity, only now and then a shell whizzed by or exploded in our midst. A few of the boys (who had it) made coffee and drank that for their breakfast and they were fortunate. It is said acting quartermaster Chas. Field of the 14th, came on to the field during the evening of July ist with hard tack and coflfee for our brigade. He must have omitted the 13th or we were asleep when he arrived or marching from place to place to find our division headquarters. Company K boys of the 13th say that no rations given out to them until the forenoon of the 4th of July and then only hard tack. If quartermaster Field had only four wagons of rations it is quite easy to see that that would hardly make very much of a supply for ^^ AMBROSE C. COLLINS, CO. E, IS62. LEON'ARD PORTER IllTTS, CO. E, 1906. AMBROSE C. COLLINS, CO. E, 1905. On file BatUcficld of Gcttysbnry. 253 three or four thousand hungry soldiers that had been on the march for seven days and short most of the time. I did not see any of the wagons or have any of the supplies. Must have been all given away before Company K was reached. Even Hi. Smith of Company K, champion forager of our regiment and brigade, did not hear or scent the rations brought by Quartermaster Field. Many of us know that we laid down that first night on the field tired and hungry, and that we woke up in the morning hungry and thirsty, and beside from what little we brought onto the field in the bottom of our haversacks we received not even hard tack until after the battle. We found Colonel Proctor and his boys of the 15th with us when we reached the east side of Cemetery Hill, having arrived the evening before un- expectedly and we were glad, for we realized that there was trouble prowing for our brigade and we were anxious to have all our brigade together. We soon learned how it happened that the 15th regiment had rejoined us and how glad they were to be present. The little tilt among certain officers because Colonel Proctor had succeeded in reaching the field of battle with General Sickles corps on the evening of July ist as it seemed to us when we learned of the particulars, uncalled for. General Sickles and Colonel Proctor were entirely right, under the desperate need of every regiment, especially a full regiment like the 15th, all good fighters and well officered. There was no press- ing necessity for two of our regiments, the 12th and 15th to be sent off to Rock Creek Church to guard wagon trains, and Colonel Proctor so informed General Sickles who as an experienced officer took the responsibility and said to Colonel Proctor "No occasion for only one regiment so large to remam to guard wagon trains, and you fall in with your regiment with my corps and go with me to the battlefield." The situation on the field demanded the presence of all available fighting regiments and thus it was that Colonel Proctor with his regiment reached the field and took his place in our brigade. General Sickles had interfered with a previous order and some officer was dissatisfied, and though in the face of the enemy when there was dire urgency for fighting soldiers, foolishly insisted on the return of the 15th back to Rock Creek church to guard wagon trains. We were sorry to part company with the 15th regiment that left us about noon of the second day to return to Rock Creek Church to guard wagon trains. Colonel Proctor when interviewed by General Sickles some four miles south of Gettysburg late in the afternoon of the first day of the battle convinced General Sickles that there was no occasion for two regiments to remain behind to guard wagon trains when one would answer just as well and succeeded in having his regiment ordered by General Sickles to fall in with his corps and march to Gettysburg. But General Sickles had interfered with somebody's orders and they did not propose to submit to it and therefore Colonel Proctor was ordered to take his regiment back to Rock Creek Church. This Colonel Proctor did not relish and sought the aid of General Stannard for the revoca- tion of the order to return him and permission to remain with the brigade on the field of battle, but without success, and at about noon the 15th with Colonel Proctor at its head took up the line of march by the way they came, back to Rock Creek Church. HENRY C. M. SHKRWIX, C(i. F.. 1862. IIHNKV L. -M,. MIKKVMN. 1.(1. K, Father and son on the right — 1906. HENRY E. MUDGETT, CO. E^ 1862. HENRY E. MLDi.inr. ld. E, 1906. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 255 Colonel Proctor was disappointed and his officers, rank and tile were all vexed and justly indignant because compelled to leave the battle lines in the midst of a fight which they evidently were anxious to take part in. General Stannard was very anxious to retain on the field the 15th regiment, especially his stalwart friend Proctor who had served as Quartermaster of the Third Vermont regiment and Major of the Fifth Vermont regiment and had partici- pated in the battles of the Peninsular campaign under General McClellan in the spring and summer of 1862 and had resigned late in July, 1862 to accept the Colonelcy of the 15th regiment. General Stannard knew of his soldierly con- duct and qualifications to handle his regiment and render important service in his brigade in the great battle then at hand and urged these views to his superior officers, but without avail, and he reluctantly parted with him more than vexed with the folly of strict compliance with orders which a change of ;ircumstances made it folly to obey. The 13th, 14th and i6th learned of the manner of the 15th regiment's arrival and was thankful that four of the five regiments were to fight side by side in the pending battle, and when at about noon the 15th started to return, the three remaining regiments were disappointed and sorely vexed. The ex- planations made failed to satisfy Colonel Proctor or any one else connected with these Vermont regiments. There is reason for believing that there was foun- dation to the rumor that General Stannard said after he had failed to secure a change of the order returning Colonel Proctor with the 15th regiment to guard wagon trains, that he wished the battle would open at once on the right that he might take his brigade into action before the 15th was actually de- tached, knowing that would end the controversy till the battle was over and then it would not matter. It was noticeable that Colonel Proctor was very deliberate in lining up his regiment to leave the field and did not appear to be in any great hurry and moved slowly up the slope into the Taneytown Road, then south crossing the field passing near Little Round Top on his way to the Emmitsburg Road returning over the same path and road by which he had reached Gettysburg, but when nearing Devil's Den between Round Top and Emmitsburg Road a stafif officer sent by General Sickles warned him that Em- mitsburg Road in that direction was in possession of the enemy. This was I believe a welcome surprise to Colonel Proctor. He however halted his regiment and sent one of his staff back for orders which were slow in reaching him. While here waiting for orders as to what direction and course he should now take General Sickles was preparing to advance the Third corps against General Longstreet's picket line near the Emmitsburg Road and at the same time General Longstreet was making careful preparation for a general advance against our left flank hoping to capture Little Round Top and Cemetery Ridge and therefore Colonel Proctor and his regiment were silent and in- terested witnesses to the preliminaries of the desperate battle between General Sickles and General Longstreet in the afternoon of the second day, and it is said by Lieutenant Benedict in his history of Vermont in the Civil War that as Colonel Proctor and his regiment passed over the ridge between the Round Tops on his way to Rock Creek Church the cannonading which preluded the opening of the battle July 2nd was seen as well as heard by the 15th regiment. .inilX II. MUDC.KTT, CO. E, 1862. EDWARD W. CLOL'C.Il, lii. K 1890. -,5^ LVM.\N J. SI'ICLKV, CO. E, 1861. LYM.\N J. SEELEV, CO. E, 1905. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 257 It is quite evident that Colonel Proctor in view of the reasons given for refusing his regiment permission to remain with the Second Vermont Brigade after he had been brought there by the orders of General Sickles without his fault that he would now wait for orders before proceeding further hoping some situation might arise (and there was immediate prospect of it at that hour) that would take his regiment back to Stannard's brigade, that was sure as he believed to have a conspicuous part in the struggle then at hand, or to take part with General Sickles' corps nearby and about to be engaged, with which he reached the field the evening before. He, Colonel Proctor, evidently was dissatisfied to return under the existing circumstances. No doubt Colonel Proctor used all honorable means to reach Gettysburg, for he knew a great battle was inevitable and the struggle would be terrible and unyielding, and that every soldier that carried a gun would be needed before the contest ended. Colonel Proctor reached the battlefield of Gettysburg on the night of July ist, remained with the Third corps until daylight of July 2nd, and then reported with his regiment to General Stannard, who with his brigade was then in the valley between Cemetery and Gulp's Hills expecting an attack from General Ewell's corps every moment. It may be proper to say here that General Lee's neglect to order Ewell to attack the right wing of the Federal army early on the morning of the 2nd of July was fortunate for the First corps and the Second Vermont Brigade, for General Wadsworth with the First divi- sion was on Gulp's Hill and General John C. Robinson of the Second division and General Doubleday with the Third division, in which was Stannard's brigade, occupied the valley between Cemetery and Gulp's Hill with their regiments, and all (except Stannard's brigade), badly and sadly decimated by the fearful slaughter of the previous day. In fact both wings of our army on the early morning of the second day afforded advantageous opportunities for General Lee's advance at any point except Cemetery Hill. Before noon, however, the situation had changed, and our forces had arrived and were so placed on right and left and cannon all along Cemetery Ridge from Ziegler's Grove to Little Round Top that put us in a condition to fight a successful defensive battle. I recall with pleasure the disappointment revealed by the faces and conduct of Colonel Proctor and his brave boys as they marched from our presence on their way back to guard wagon trains ; to be sure such duty must be done, but Vermonters never liked such a job and were seldom found doing it. General Sedgwick of the Sixth corps had reason to say (referring to the old Vermont brigade), "Put the Vermonters ahead and keep the ranks well closed up." Very soon after this episode relating to the 15th regiment, and while Colonel Proctor was still waiting for orders, the sharp cracking of musketry all along the picket lines and booming of cannon, too, were more frequent, indicating advancement of battle lines and preparations for the con- tinuation of the sanguinary struggle of the day. It was now past noon, as I recall the fact, but the 13th regiment made no arrangements for a noon day meal, but remained in battle line ready to promptly obey any orders given. It is said that the desperate and sanguinary battle between General Sickles and General Longstreet of the second day opened between two and four o'clock in the afternoon. It is difficult to keep track of KDl.Ak ll, WlMiL), Ll). E, 1862. 1.1)1. AK U. WOOD, CU. E, 1904. GEORt.E I.. WiiniNG, CO. E, 1862. .i:oK(.K 1'.. wnniNc, CO. e, 1906. On the Battlefield of Getlyshni-,/. 259 the passing hours in battle, and only from the rising to the setting of the sun is of consequence as a measure of time in the struggle for victory. Many of us, however, carried watches but few examined them to mark the exact moment and hour of the day. More serious and important business demanded and engaged attention. The cracking of carbines on the advancing picket line, the buzz and hissing noise of the sharp shooters' bullets and the ricochet of cannon balls bounding along all about us, and the bursting shrapnel overhead quite fully absorbed our attention. We only noted the passing occurrences in our immediate locality, watching the aides and orderlies on their foaming steeds galloping over the field bent on reaching some given point, paying no attention to shot or shell that filled the air. It must have been near two o'clock in the afternoon when we realized unusual activity along Seminary Ridge and Emmitsburg Road then occupied by General Longstreet's and Hill's corps. About this hour, while our brigade was still in rear of Cemetery Hill in support, one of the many shells that passed over the hill on its errand of death and dismay burst in the ranks of the 13th regiment mortally wounding Captain Merritt B. Williams, of Company G; others also were injured but not as serious- ly. The author of these pages calls to mind the vivid scenes of this occasion still fresh in memory. Captain Williams was a schoolmate at Rakersfield Academy in i860, '61, and '62, and was an intimate and abiding friend, and I hastened on observing some commotion in the ranks of Company G nearby to as- certain the cause and found Captain Williams lying on the ground in mortal pain apparently struggling in the throes of death surrounded by his comrades tenderly and anxiously rendering every possible attention to revive the fainting hero. Lieutenant Albert Clark of his company gave him brandy and he opened his eyes and feebly said, "I am shot and feel as if my last hour had come." This was indeed sad, but such scenes were common sights before the battle was over. Captain Williams was placed on a stretcher and carried to a nearby field hospital for surgical attention. I never expected to see him alive again, but he lived to return to his native state, town and home where he was affec- tionately nursed and cared for by loving wife and doting mother and sister dur- ing long weeks of pain and suiTering until death the 27th day of Sept.. 1863. His immortal spirit passed silently and peacefully to the Beyond where sound of cannon and carnage of battlefield is unknown, and there our brave dear comrade is watching our coming. I was again at Bakersfield Academy in the fall of 1863 and a frequent visitor at the bedside of Captain Williams and watched and administered to his wants the last night of his life. His funeral was at- tended by Colonel Randall, many others of his regiment and we followed his remains to the city of the dead where we sorrowfully and lovingly paid the last tribute of respect to this dead hero of the Republic. While Captain Wil- liams was being carried from that part of the field where he fell, a whole regi- ment (what was left of it) came running down from the top of Cemetery Hil! to escape the deadly shower of shot and shell that hailed down among them. They were simply frightened and were seeking cover against danger, regardless of duty. Our brigade, just previous to this unusual occurrence in front of us, had been advanced nearer to the base of Cemetery Hill to avoid the numerous exploding shells that came over the hill and scattered their deadly missiles among GEOROK M. FARRINGTON, CO. E, 1861-5. GEORGE M. FARRIXGTON, CO. E, 1904. •;;p^ t«^ fly JAMES E. REYNOLDS, CO. E, 1862. JULIUS D. SAl-ruKD, CO. E, 1879- On the Battlefield of Gettysburii. 261 us. Colonel Randall placed himself in front of these boys seeking shelter behind the Hill and checked their stampede and tried to shame them and restore con- fidence by referring to his boys of the 13th, saying to them loud enough so all not too far away could hear, pointing to his regiment, "See these boys, they don't run and they were never in a battle ; you ought to be ashamed to run because a few shells are being fired over this way, better hasten back to your position on Cemetery Hill." The officers of that regiment, with Colonel Randall's assistance, induced them to return to their position and back they went up the hill in good order no doubt feeling ashamed for their momentary undue weakness and folly. While this episode was pending, orders came from General Stannard, who was then in charge of infantry supports of the troops on the left brow of Cemetery Hill, to Colonel Randall to detach five companies of his regiment and hasten them under command of Lieutenant Colonel Munson to him on Cemetery Hill. The left wing was thereupon made up of Companies D, F, H, I and K, and the same were expeditiously detached and hastily sent to General Stannard, and by his direction placed in support of a battery on the west front of Cemetery Hill leaving the other five companies of the regiment, together with the 14th and i6th regiments, behind the hill where they remained until late in the afternoon. The author was with the left wing of the 13th on Cemetery Hill where it remained until later in the day and had no opportunity to observe what took place behind Cemetery Hill during the rest of the after- noon. The five companies detached moved directly up the south slope of Cemetery Hill into the Taneytown Road, marched up the road towards Gettys- burg village a short distance and filed to the right over a tumbled down stone wall and took position, at first, in rear of a battery on the very crest of Cemetery Hill where we were much exposed to enfilading cannonading of the Confederate batteries west, north and east. The batteries west and front of our then position occupying a commanding situation on the east slope of Seminary Ridge distant perhaps one-half mile and in good range, were evidently handling their guns with great skill, judging from the accurate and rapid landing of shot and shell about us. Although during the forenoon while in the rear of Cemetery Hill we had heard and seen plenty of shell as they whizzed and passed overhead, some exploding near the ground, but here in our new position there was nothing to protect us save the stone wall nearby. We of the left wing were on the very top of the hill where we could see and be seen. It seemed as if we were, when approaching to posi- tion, marching into the very jaws of death. We were glad when the order was given to lie down in line of two ranks and there remain without firing until ordered. This order was obeyed to the letter and no one hesitated. We soon discovered why there had been a break and scamper down the hill just before we started for this position. Those boys who came running down the hill, before we started up, were likely veterans and knew when to run for cover to escape being shot, without waiting for orders. It was really a hot place ; every shell evidently exploded where the gunners in charge of the battery calculated. They were good marksmen, horses were hit and taken to the rear disabled. The ground plowed up in furrows, the grave stones nearby tumbled and shattered to the ground, cannoneers killed or wounded #-« llENKV A. SPARKS, CO. K, 1862. SIDNEY C. CADV, CO. U, 1862. SIDNEY C. CAD\', CO. E, 1894. On the Batth-ficIJ of Gcttyshiiy;/. .263 in quick succession, the pieces of shell fell thick and fast among us, and so frequently and numerous that some were quite apprehensive of being killed and prudently hugged the ground and raised neither hand nor foot to unnecessary exposure. There must have been a large number of cannon concentrating their fire against the west slope and crest of Cemetery Hill. We of the Second battalion had not been long here before we observed Generals Doubleday and Stannard hastily approach and examine the surroundings, evidently expecting, because of the severity and persistent shelling against Cemetery Hill, that prep- arations were being made for a charge at that point. The nearby batteries just across the valley and directly in our front said in the language of a battlefield, "We will disable those batteries on Cemetery Hill, scatter and frighten the raw recruits supporting, and then charge and take the hill.'" And because of these indications Generals Doubleday and Stannard were on the alert. They did not seem to pay any attention to the bursting shells or bullets that whizzed about them, they sought the most elevated position, climbed up and stood on top of the wall with their field glasses, eagerly surveyed the field from right to left (the battle lines of both armies were in plain sight from this position) to dis- cover if any advance of the enemy toward the position in their charge (Cemetery Hill) was in progress. We watched them closely and noticed that they held their field glasses in one direction for some moments as if some movement of the enemy particularly attracted their attention. They dropped their glasses and pointed across the field and held what appeared to be a hasty conversation, and then came directly past where we lay in position stopping a movement to converse with Lieutenant Colonel Munson and then passed down towards General Stannard's headquarters. This was late in the afternoon and still the cannons on both sides were as spirited and determined as at first. Some changes were made. Lieutenant Colonel Munson moved his battalion forward and close up to and behind the stone fence of the Taneytown Road. We expected every moment to hear the Rebel yell and see the lines of gray coming up the hill, and we calculated just how and where we would stand to use bayonets if any should attempt to scale the wall ; our bayonets had been fixed to guns before we took position. We had been thoroughly instructed in bayonet drill during the winter and spring and were ready to take a hand at making or parrying a thrust if occasion required it. Our position here was of the best to see the manoeuvering of the troops and the fighting ranks for miles along the battle lines and on the field of both armies, especially to our left, west of Little Round Top. The fighting in that locality had been incessant and desperate for hours. It was in plain view and not over three-fourths of a mile away. We could dis- tinctly see, (except when too much smoke) as well as hear the continuous roar of cannon, the rattle of musketry and the yell and cheer as the lines swayed to and fro, as one side charged and then the other. While intensely watching the fighting in this direction, endeavoring to ascertain whether we were being driven back, our attention was called to the fact that a nearby battery had for some reason suspended firing; only two or three gunners stood beside their guns steadily gazing across the valley, apparently as fixed in position as the cannon beside them. 264 I he ihirlcrnth h'ci/iiiiciit I'crininit I 'dliiutccrs. l-ieiileiiaiii Slcpheii F. llnnvii of Company K saw the forlorn situation and liastcneil to thcni to ascertain the trouble, (only a few yards, away), and after a brief interview, which we of Comi)any K watched with interest, came running back and reported lo Captain JJlake and suggested assistance and asked per- mission to take some of the boys and go up and help them fire the guns of that battery. 1 fenry Meigs, Smith Decker, Daniel Alanaban, James Hagan and probably others of Com])any K promptly \olunteered, and led by Lieutenant Brown ran to iheir assistance. Some carried shells from the Caisson situated just down the hill, part way up, and the others to the gunners and assisted them in firing their guns until the chest of that Caisson was empty. Our battalion heartily cheered as our hoys actively supported that battery, and enabled it to send its compliments to the cannoneers across the valley that had slain their comrades, and for a time silenced the guns of the battery in their charge. Lieu- tenant Brown and his boys returned to our position safe and sound with powder- smoked hands and faces. Some had holes and rents in the clothing they wore. They had a thrilling experience, and which with great animation and pride each enthusiastically related to his immediate comrades on their return. The author, as an eye witness to this incident, recalls it as one of the most daring, unusual and valiant incidents that he witnessed during the battle. I have many times wondered what those statue-like gunners thought when they first saw Lieu- tenant r.ruwn approaching them uniformed as an infantry officer with a com- ;non camp hatchet in his right hand swinging it in the air as he leaped, Indian like, to their side. They must have thought him crazy, or that he belonged to a regiment of wild Indians from the plains west of the Mississippi. Lieutenant Brown, as before referred to. carried a hatchet because he had no sword at the time. He had been for a trivial reason placed under arrest and deprived of his sword, and therefore was now armed with his comrade's camp hatchet as a necessity. This incident is mentioned in Benedict's History of Vermont in the Civil War, also in Colonel Albert Clark's address at the dedication of the 13th Vermont regimental monument at Gettysburg, and by the historian in detail in his sketch of personal reminiscences of the battle of Gettysburg, and need not make further mention in this connection. It was about the hour that Lieutenant Brown aud his boys went to the assistance of that battery that a regiment or a part of one, came rushing up the road from towards Gettysburg village not in very good. order indicating that a charge was being made by the Rebs towards our position. We of the Second battalion were advanced to and filled the breach and held the position and line that they abandoned. General Ewell's corps was occupying Gettysburg village and the northwest slope of Cemetery Hill and the plains west, and had all that day, and made some demonstration to move against that part of the hill that we occupied about five o'clock in the afternoon. General Rhodes' division of Ewell's corps and General Fenders' division of Hill's corps moved out south of Gettysburg village quite near the foot of Ceme- tery Hill to take part in the general advance that was planned at that hour, being flushed with some show of success by General Longstreet against our left, and this situation was discovered by Generals Doubleday and Stannard when they were near us on top of the stone wall fence. On the Battlefield of Gellysbitr(/. 265 \'ei"v soon after and about seven o'clock in tlie afternoon we could see that our lines way to our left were being slowly driven in though every inch of ground was desperately held until overwhelmed with Longstreet's solid columns and his 100 guns in battery. We on Cemetery Hill could plainly see the battlefield left and south of us and the desperate fighting being waged by Longstreet on the Rebel right. We saw regiments and brigades hastily moving from our right wing and double quick across the field to the support of our battle lines in front of General Longstreet, and the numbers and haste indicated a desperate need of immediate help to prevent Longstreet breaking through and possibly capturing Cemetery Ridge and Hill. Among those we noticed, that passed in our immediate rear into the Taneytown Road just south of our then position was the Second Vermont Brigade with Colonel Randall of the 13th in the lead, moving rapidly down the road, passing General Mead's headquarters into the field beyond, up over the ridge in the direction of our left center that appeared from our observation to be in great danger. U'c of the Second battalion recognized our Colonel by the familiar colored horse he rode. It was a pretty sight, flags fluttering in the breeze, bayonets glistening in the setting sun as they passed. We saw them disappear down the hill into the valley in the direction where only a few moments before we heard the Rebel yell which told us of a charge and hand to hand combat. We knew our brigade had been ordered in great haste because of the manner it crossed the fields, we also saw distinguished officers riding over the fields leading columns of soldiers in the same general direction, and in fact the most sanguinary fight- ing was evidently to our front and left in the vicinity of Emmitsburg Road west of Little Round Top near the Peach Orchard, and here the awful carnage continued until almost dark. The most of us, including rank and file, were well informed as to the army on both sides on that day, and where located, and also with the battles fought and the commanders on both sides. Generals Lee, Longstreet, Ewell, Hill, J. E. B. Stuart of the Confederate armies were quite as familiar to us as Generals Mead, Reynolds, Sedgwick, Sickles, Howard, Hancock, Doubleday, Pleasanton and were pretty well acquainted with the results of the battles thus far fought, and who the fighting officers were and the corps each commanded in the two great armies. We, in fact, were quite familiar as to what had been accomplished and by whom up to Gettysburg; that the army of Virginia had fought many battles with the army of the Potomac and victorious in all except Antietam, and that was about an even drawn battle. The battles of Chancel- lorsville were fresh in mind and our defeat there was humiliating. The death of Stonewall Jackson was a severe blow to the Confederate side, but likely was an incident that saved the Potomac army from greater loss in killed wounded and captured on that inglorious field. We were in the army as common soldiers but most were intelligent and read and thought and talked of but little else besides war, so the history of each of the commanding officers and the part they had taken were very familiar to the rank and file of the Second Vermont Brigade, and the boys of the 13th had a pretty good understanding of the manoeuvering and fighting of armies and why the advantage was first with one side and then with the other. Every CAPT. LUCirS II. IIOSTWICK, CO. F, TSC3. LIEUT. jfSTIX N.\R.\MORK, CO. F, LIEUT. .\RNOLD C. 1-AV. Ci 1. 1' 1863. I.IKII. AHNULU L. I'.W, Co. F, 1906. On the ButtlcfcUl of CcttysJviiuj. 267 one knew that General Lee was one of the greatest of military leaders and that Generals Longstreet, Hill, Ewell and Stuart were his bold, daring, cool headed corps commanders. We knew that General Longstreet as a matter of course commanded the right wing of the Confederate army in this battle and Ewell the left and Hill the center, and therefore at Gettysburg we did not need to inquire who was making the attack against our left, right or center. The most able, experienced and successful genera! always took charge of the right wing in every battle, and so when the battle raged with such boldness and fury on our left in the afternoon of the second day, all knew who was in command of the Rebel columns in that part of the battlefield. It was equally true that General Ewell was in command of the left wing of Lee's army and that General Ambrose P. Hill the center, and our officers from General Mead down knew with whom they must contend in any part of the held. The Confederate army of Xortlierii \'irginia consisted of only three army corps of infantry and one of cavalry with artillery attached to each, but the army of the Potomac had marshalled on the field of Gettysbiu^g seven army corps of infantry and one of cavalry with artillery attached to each, but it must be remembered that General Lee had a less number of corps in his army but more brigades in each division, so that his three army corps of infantry were in numbers almost equal to General Mead's seven army corps at Gettysburg, but General Lee's artillery outnumbered General Mead on that field of battery at any time during the battle and because of the advantage of ground could place more guns in battery along his position on Seminary Ridge than was posible for General ]\Iead, whose battle lines were shorter and on the inside of the semi-circle and more cramped and on uneven ground, more difficult to secure proper range, and at the same time protection against unnecessary ex- posure or probable capture, and in this respect General Lee had the advantage; experience had taught him that an army of 100,000 could be handled at a better advantage and with greater celerity when divided up into three corps instead of more. He had only three corps commanders and General J. E. B. Stuart of the cavalry to give orders to while General Mead had seven besides one of cavalry and reserve-artillery. General Mead was fighting a defensive battle of necessity and fortunately had secured an almost impregnable natural position on which to fight it. As befere stated we saw our brigade pass over the field and down into the valley of Plum Run on the double quick and therefore knew a breach had occurred or our lines there, were in imminent danger ; and while we were intensely watching with the endeavor to learn the cause and what had become of our brigade an order came to Lieutenant Colonel Munson to follow with his command (Companies D, F, H, I and K) the brigade to the front battle line on the left of the center in the same direction taken by Colonel Randall with the First battalion of the 13th regiment. We obeyed this order very promptly, and I am sure not one desired to remain longer on Cemetery Hill in support of batteries where shot and shell filled the air momentarily ex- pecting to repulse or make a charge. It has been well said that it requires more courage and firmness to support a battery when hotly assailed by the enemy than to be more actively engaged on the firing line. This movement of our brigade was near the hour of seven o'clock in the afternoon and after SEKGT. l.UCrUS M. HOO'lll. CO. F, 1862. >KU(.T. LUCIUS M. I;(ioriI, CO. F, 1906. CORP. I,0.\"DUS 1- TKKRII.I.. CO. F, 18(12. CORP. LONDUS F- TKRRILL, CO. F, 1905. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 269 General Hancock had taken charge of the Third corps and General Sickles had been wounded and as near as I can judge Companies D, F, H, I and K, followed over the same course that had been taken by our brigade only a few moments before. We of the Second battalion may have been thirty minutes behind the First battalion. I do recall the impressive fact that when we left the Taney- town Road and struck across the field, as we ascended up over the crest of Cemetery Ridge that the cannoneers of one of the batteries across the valley sent their shell plowing right through our marching columns, exploding among the ranks of Company K, knocking over and injuring quite a number, which inclined us to hasten down the hill toward the enemy into a more protected position and not so much exposed by a hundred or more cannon along the crest of Seminary Ridge. We knew other troops were with us on this charge from Cemetery Hill over to the left center where our line had been broken, and occupied by some of General Wright's brigade of General Hill's corps, but whether of Doubleday's division or some of General Hancock's brigades who were in that part of the field cannot now say. We reached the broken lines in season to welcome Colonel Raadall and the other five Companies, A, B, C, E and G, who had at the request of General Hancock charged down the slope and secured the cannon that General Wright had captured and was attempting to haul olif to a position within his lines. Colonel Randall was not satisfied with this bold and daring deed of the enemy, his horse had been shot and he injured by the fall, and he was mad and, looking ahead, could see the enemy in and near the Emmits- burg Road behind fences and buildings and being now down in the valley, though he had no direct orders to advance, did not like the way those up behind the fences and buildings were firing bullets into the ranks of his brave little band some distance in advance of the front battle lines, and without consider- ing consequences gave the order forward, double quick march, and on they went Colonel Randall and Captain Lonergan in the lead, side by side, and reached the Emmitsburg Road without losing a man. The Rebs retreated and in haste took refuge behind the fences and buildings along the Emmitsburg Road. We of the Second battalian, Companies D, F, H, I and K reached the broken lines about the same time that Colonel Randall returned with prisoners captured in the vicinity of the Rogers House, now between sundown and dark. Just how far out between the lines the Johnnies had hauled our captured cannon or how many re-taken or if Rebel guns captured and where and how far Colonel Randall and his brave boys of the First Battalion, Companies A, B, C, E and G, advanced after re-taking the cannon and just where they captured prisoners and how many were taken and who of the company or officers rendered most conspicuous and daring service your Historian is not able to say, for he was not present with these companies being in Company K of the Second battalion, and only knows from what was said after we of the Second battalion reached the broken lines and heard the boys tell the details of that most thrilling and valiant charge immediately after they returned and took position in the line that our brigade had been called to restore and occupy. CHARLES H. DUNTON, CO. F, 1862. CHARI.KS 1[. DUNTOX. CO. F, 1906. CAI.Ki; 1'. NASH, CO. F, 1862. CALEB P. NASH, CO. F. 1906. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 271 The position out where they went and how far none seemed able to tell with any certainty, each one relating some individual part, in the advance, — who reached the cannon first, and hauled them back and what companies sur- rounded the building in which the Rebels fired on them as they approached, was in doubt, it was on a charge and excitement prevailed, some said they went across and beyond the Emmitsburg Road in pursuit of the retreating battle lines of General Wright and Perry's brigade or some other regiments of General Anderson's brigade and how many fell as they fired into their frightened lines could not be told. Some said Colonel Randall and Captain Lonergan were first at the guns, and others said that Sergeant Scott of Company G was the first to lay hands on the cannon. From all that was then and there said, and the rather conflicting stories told (for each vied with the other in giving a glowing account of all that happened in that brief twenty or thirty minutes while thus engaged), being well acquainted with Captain Lonergan's logy run and Sergeant Scott's fleet of foot so many times seen in camp and drill am inclined to think it highly prob- able that Sergeant Scott was the first man that reached and laid hold of our captured cannon.- One thing is certain there were only two in our regiment that could outrun Sergeant Scott, and neither of these belonged to the First battalion, and for one I need no further evidence than what was there told to convince me that Sergeant Scott of Company G was the dashing hero that led all the rest on this bold and daring run for the guns, and to him I cheerfully give the glory for reaching the goal first, and while there was enough glory for all in this incident and much to spare let Sergeant Scott head the list until better evidence shall change this claim. And what Sergeant Scott done on the following day as Sergeant in charge, in building a breastwork out of fence rails in the immediate front of our regiment in an open field exposed to sharp shooters and shell is further corroborative evidence of his prowess on that field when- ever and wherever opportunity opened the way. More, Sergeant Scott has always and still claims that he was first at the guns expecting every second that because in the lead to be instantly shot by the Johnnies who determinedly held on to the guns until our boys reached the moving wheels and with vengeance in their eyes released their hold and run for their comrades who were tumbling over the Emmitsburg Road fence and down behind it to escape the bullets our fellows were sending after them. Had I no other evidence would con- fidently accept Sergeant Scott's word, and record it. as a fact connected with this daring deed in the capture of guns in the face of a numerous and victorious foe. The author was with companies D, F, H, I and K on Cemetery Hill under Lieutenant Colonel Munson from about three p. m. until near sundown and did not see only at a distance the gallant charge of Companies A, B, C, E and G led by Colonel Randall and therefore cannot give the details as if with them, but from what I saw and was fully described to me then by Scott, 'Willett. and others the statements here made are correct. It will be remembered that as the Second battalion of our regiment in its charge from Cemetery Hill ascended the ridge our right flank was exposed to a raking fire and that cannon balls and shell fell thick and fast about and ^11, AS J. Kvn\i;j.i., CO. F, 1864. SI I. AS J. ROWIU.I.. i,ii. !•• 1 (jqC^. Al.l'.l'.ur VVALSTOX, CO. F, 1862. AI.r.KUr \V ALSTON. CO. F, 1906. 0)1 the Battlefield of Gettysbuiy. 273 among us, plowing up the ground and moving down our ranks as if we were targets of the consentrated fire of all the belching cannon in the Rebel line. It was about this very spot where Colonel Randall's gray charger fell with its gallant rider leading on to recover captured cannon. It was on this charge poor John Mollo of Company K had a hot invitation from the scenes of strife and car- nage to the fields of peace and calm repose, and loudly called on Captain Blake as a solid shot came bounding along and struck a stone that Mollo had placed his foot upon and said "Captain Blake, I am killed sure, help." Captain Blake turned and saw all that had happened, took in the situation and discovered that poor Mollo was badly frightened but not dangerously and said "You are all right Mollo, come on, hurry up." Mollo thought he was hurt, threw down his gun and up his hands and cried for help. He no doubt was much frightened and sank to the ground not like a wounded soldier but like one who was afraid. We did not stop to investigate, for we were on a charge. His tentmate Jerry Vincelette, did go to his relief and as I thought on the following day was glad of an opportunity to help his comrade Mollo to some retired place where there vvas less danger. I saw the spent shell as it came bounding along over the ridge throwing the dirt high in the air as it hit the ground expecting it would explode before it reached our line. The next day after the battle was over and General Lee said to be on the retreat, Mollo returned safe and sound and could not show a mark where in- jured. Mollo was half and half Indian and French and was anxious (too much so) to return to his hunting and fishing grounds on the banks of the Missisquoi where he had left his wife and numerous children. His first inquiry on re- turning was "Where can I find some pork and hard tack, and when do we discharge for home", and when assured the battle was over he was happy. Just after the occurrance of the above incident I noticed that Captain Blake had been hit on the leg below the knee and called his attention, and he looked and quickly placed his hand on the spot and as quickly withdrew it saying "No stains of blood", looked up and smiled and said "That was a close call, I did not feel it, when did it happen?" We knew it occurred on that charge between Cemetery Hill and the place where we discovered it. It is true a part of his left leg had been carried away by a shell or a piece of one on that charge, but fortunately it was a part of his trousers leg and nothing more. A strip just below the knee three inches by five cut out as clean and regular as by a tailor's shears. The captain speculated somewhat on his fortunate escape and realized too how close the mortal call. Captain Blake, as Surgeon Nichols appeared, reported and exposed his wounded leg (trouser's leg) and asked for an examination. Surgeon Nichols saw and heartily laughed at the joke. Captain Blake did not try to hide or repair the rent that exposed considerable leg, and he was a very modest man, but wore it as it was cheerfully replying to all inquiries made as to how it happened. Evidently the Captain was proud of the exposure. He wore the leg as it was, back home and for many years the trousers with sword and scarf were hung on the wall and zealously guarded as mementoes of his military career. The sword and scarf still adorn the Captain's modest home and are ALFRED W. ISIIAM, CO. F, 1862. ALFRKD W. ISHAM, CO. F, 1893- H' ■ ^ . m £ I j^'^f^. 1 •- — r*^^^^ _■" ■'-^••^*-. .^^^^tl EZRA M. ISHAM, CO. 1', 1862. ..KOKl.K A.NUi:i<.--ll.N IMNK, CU. F, 1863. On the Battlefield of Gettysbnvg. 275 the pride and joy of numerous children and grandchildren to whom he tells the story of the battle of Gettysburg. On the last day of battle Captain Blake and the author came very near losing their legs as I will relate elsewhere in the incidents of that day. We reached the breach in our left center line, that some of the regiments of General Anderson's division had made, about sundown and were soon joined by Colonel Randall with the First battalion from which we had been separated about four hours while on Cemetery Hill supporting batteries. We welcomed them back from their charge across the valley and to the Emmitsburg Road with hearty cheers, as they returned with the prisoners they had captured. It was now growing dark, the struggles of the day were over except on our right near Gulp's Hill, and all was quiet save now and then the crack of a gun on the picket line, and the moaning of the wounded and dying that lay scattered over the field around us. While the 13th regiment of Stannard's Brigade had been called to im- portant and responsible positions during the day and had filled them with conspicuous bravery and success, charging General Longstreet's Confederate columns that broke through our lines at the close of the day recovering our captured cannon and many prisoners and driving the foe from our front back across the valley and beyond Emmitsburg Road to Seminary Ridge, and yet though the honors of battle during this day were more equal than the first day, the advantage as a whole was greatly with General Lee. We had not lost a single position of any importance and had in just the nick of time planted our cannon on Little Round Top and held it against the desperate and repeated assault of Generals McLaws and Hood's divisions of General Longstreet's corps composed of the legions from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and South Carolina who came very near turning our left flank. The fact must not be overlooked here, however, that General Lee had been all day long pressing forward his battle lines with great skill and persistent effort. Fortunate indeed for the army of the Potomac that we occupied a strong natural position, otherwise our Generals would have found it difficult to have held their positions. Though the fighting for the day was over, except on our extreme right where the roar and rattle of musketry and boom of cannon told us that another attempt was being made to storm and carry Gulp's Hill under the cover of darkness in order to escape the deadly cannonading that had during the late afternoon swept the charging columns of Generals Jubal A. Early and Johnson's division of Ewell's corps from the field hurling them back within their protected lines and supports with awful slaughter when they sought to occupy Cemetery Hill and Gulp's Hill and the valley between. We had only a brief hour before left that locality and for hours had seen and experienced the infilading fire of Ewell's artillery. We saw many troops passing from our rear while on Cemetery Hill crossing the Taneytown Road over to the left center where General Longstreet was pressing hard against our battle lines of infantry and artillery in the locality now known as the Peach Orchard, and we knew our right had been weakened to protect the left and center, for our brigade and others of Doubleday's division left Cemetery Hill and its slopes about seven in the afternoon to fill a breach and check the enemy's progress. Fll-IiK 1-KJiDliKlCK A. SLATER, CO. K, 1864. Fll-ICR I'KEDICRICK A. SLATKR, CO. F, 1904. UVKO.V U. .MAI'I lli:\\ S, CD. F, 1863. i;\ i;i ix 1). .^iA r rni:v, s. cn. F. 1904. Oil the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 277 So we were apprehensive at the continuous rattle of musketrj- long after sun- down over on our right. Our regiment expected orders every moment to return back to our right which was in charge of General Newton, that is, our brigade and division and corps was in charge of General Newton. After the fighting was over along the line we came over to restore, and our regiment was again all together, an inquiry was sent out by Colonel Randall to the several Captains of his regiment to ascertain the casualties of the day. Quite a number had been seriously injured but none reported killed. Corporal Skinner of Company K who was one of the color guard, and therefore with Company C was reported shot and left on the field near the Emmitsburg Road not far from the Rogers House, so called. Captain Blake called for volunteers to go out in search of corporal Skinner, and Sergeant James Halloway and private R. O. Sturtevant at once went across the valley to the Emmitsburg Road governed in their course by Captain Coburn's directions, and searched as best we could the battle ground in and behind buildings and wherever we thought a wounded soldier might be. We, Halloway and myself (for it was fast growing dark), and though our search was vigilant, did not find our missing Corporal. We found numerous dead and wounded of both armies on our journey. The buildings at the Rogers House were crowded with the wounded, some dead and others in the last struggle of life side by side and most of them were of the Rebel army. Our examination here was brief for we wore the blue and were a little timid and apprehensive that some wounded Rebel might in desperation satisfy his vengeance by shooting us. We had heard how a wounded Rebel while lying on the ground fired at Major Boynton just after he passed him on the charge, and we hastened out of the building and con- tinued into the fields west of Emmitsburg Road for some distance until halted by a sharp shooter who inquired where we were going, and on being told said, "Better go no further in that direction, for the Johnny Rebs are only a few rods away, it is not safe to be roaming about here, none of our boys charged out so far." We hastily retraced our steps back to the road, but we were not now able to see the position from which we had started because dark. It was soon evident that we were too far south. The field here was thickly covered with the dead and wounded of both the gray and the blue and that we must be on the ground where we saw from our position on Cemetery Hill the desperate fighting near this locality about six o'clock. The moanings and imprecations of the wounded and dying, their pleadings for water and assistance were hard to endure, impossible to but faintly describe the horrid scenes of a battlefield just after a battle is over, only those who have seen and heard can realize the awful condition where thousands are slain and wounded and the living mangled and torn, suffering with pain and crying for help demanding your attention as you pass over the field. Because of the many entreaties so pathetically made our progress back to position was slow. All were strangers, and yet humanity led us to succor as far as possible. I stop here to mention only one of the incidents to illustrate our experience on the battlefield that night. It was a young man not more than twenty-two and as I recall belonged to a Georgia regiment. He had been shot through both legs above the knees in the charge during the afternoon and had laid there on the field for hours as the battle WILLIAM F. WrilTNEV, CO. F, 1862. JAMES PATTKX, CO. F, 1862. F.LI N. I'ECK, CO. F, 1905. CORXELUS S. r\L.MEK. CO. I", I goo. 0)1 the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 279 raged and the solid lines moved forward and backward to the advantage of Dne side and then the other tramping over him as they passed. He wore the uniform of a southern soldier and declared his home was in Georgia, that he had father and mother and brothers and sisters and a happy home, that he had been in battle before but none so terrible. His agony and pleadings removed every thought of a foe and appealed to our humanity. We gave him water and tried to carry him from the field. He showed us the butt of his gun that he had placed at his head to guard against further injury, however, a bullet hit and broke it into pieces but protected his head, and for the time saved his life. His pressing request was to be taken from the field, for said he "The battle is not over, there will be awful fighting here to-morrow and I do not want to be run over and crushed to death by horses feet and cannon wheels. We made a stretcher out of our shelter tent and tried to carry him, but he could not endure the pain in that position. Then, we, one on each side attempted to carry him in an upright position, but his wounds were serious and he could not stand the pain, and at his request we moved him a little ways where the dead were not so near and thick, made him as comfortable as possible and cheered him with the hope that an ambulance would find and take him to our hospital for surgical care before morning. This brave young hero appeared to be well born and quite intelligent and inquired if we were Masons. He evident- ally belonged to that order, and when he learned that I was a member he more freely told me of his home life, and soldier life, the part he had taken on that field and the regiment, brigade and division to which he belonged, claimed his corps commander was General Longstreet. We stretched forth our hands to help this unfortunate soldier as freely and anxiously as if a comrade of our own regiment, forgetting that he was at the time a misguided enemy of our country. Sergeant Halloway and myself finally reached our regiment tired and de- jected and sorrowful. We had passed over a battlefield in the night thickly strewn with the dead and wounded, an awful experience that can never be effaced from memory. On our return Captain Blake said Corporal Skinner was all right, and not dangerously wounded, that he had walked in from the field where he was shot and passed to the rear for surgical attention. The far spent minnie ball that felled him struck the center of the buckle of his waist belt making a deep depression in it, and the buckle saved his life, but left discolored flesh on his person beneath the buckle which he showed his comrades after the battle was over. Corporal Skinner was the son of a Methodist Minster and therefore believed in Providential intervention, and that for some good reason his life was thus spared. In this belief he was sincere. He cherished the buckle as the armor of defense that saved him from death on the battlefield, and this thrilling incident in the life of Corporal Skinner has ever been cherished and by him feelingly told around the home fireside and at camp fires since the war. These incidents are here mentioned because they make up a part of our reg- imental history, not for the purpose of illustrating any unusual prowess or bravery. WILLI. \1M M. XAKAMOKH. CO. F, 1863. Lieut. Searlcs of Co. I, on the right. WILLI. \M il. .N.\H.\.MUKK. CO. 1', 1905. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 281 The second day of the battle was over and the 13th Vermont had had an unusual experience considering that they had never before taken active part and mingled in the deadly struggle of securing victory by killing their fellow- men. We fully comprehended the savagery of war and realized what General Sherman said of it in his letter to the Mayor of Atlanta, Ga., that it was "hell." This day was occupied with desperate fighting all along the battle lines of both armies, but not until afternoon did the fury of the storm reach its climax. General Longstreet against our left, General Hill, our center and General Ewell the extreme right and language is too tame to describe the sanguinary struggle in many places during that long afternoon. The 13th Vermont displayed in a high degree the characteristics of good soldiers, and fully performed their part in the several important and trying positions called to fill during the day. \'ermonters had gained a reputation as hard fighters with staying qualities and General Stannard who commanded them was known to the corps commanders as of the bravest and best in battle which facts doubtless accounted for our being called to Cemetery Hill by General Stannard to fill a breach and support a battery, and by General Hancock to charge and take our guns- that had been captured by General Wright's brigade. Those quite prominent positions that we were called to fill during the day when the great battle was in its most critical position and desperate struggle (we being raw troops) was a great compliment to the Green Mountain boys that fought on that field and that it gave us an unusual opportunity of making a conspicuous reputation and winning imperishable honor as soldiers. The exigency of the field of battle brought us under two corps commanders Generals Newton and Hancock, and in one instance the unusual happened, namely, when General Hancock then being in command of two corps, his own (the Second) and General Sickles', (the Third), and personally gave orders to Colonel Randall of the 13th regiment and sent him down into the valley after cannon that were being drawn by the enemy towards their battle lines. The 13th regiment was ever proud of such conspicuous attention and for being called upon to charge into an open field between the battle lines of the two armies to perform a desperate and what appeared to be a forlorn hope. The cannons were captured and restored and Colonel Randall personally thanked then and there by General Hancock for his brave and valorous deeds. Being sent to occupy the breach in General Hancock's line on the left center brought our brigade into that part of the field and under General Hancock, where we remained until the battle was over. Our position was now on the left center in the Second corps under General Gibbon. The Third corps was now in command of General Birney, General Sykes the Fifth corps and General Sedgwick of the Sixth corps on our left, and in support General Howard of the Eleventh corps. General Newton with a part of the First corps_and General Slocum of the Twelfth corps on our right in the order here mentioned. The several engagements of the day had been sanguinary and the struggle fierce, and we of the 13th was so absorbed with the scenes about us and so apprehensive as to consequences that none thought of food or water until night fall. The continuous fighting at different sections of our battle lines and the changes and activity of our regiment and brigade during this second day of the AUIXZO II. SllEKMAX, CO. F, 1862. ALOXZl) H. SHERMAN, CO. F, 1905. BERTRAM E. BROWN, CO. F, 1862. BERTRAM F. I'.ROWX, CO. F, I9OI. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 283 battle did not create much of an appetite for hard tack and coffee, (and it was well for we had none). On our immediate left and only a few rods away was a large flowing spring and from its cooling waters we quenched our thirst dur- ing the night and filled our canteens before day light for the coming day, and here on the front battle line we laid down to rest on our arms and slept for the second night on the field of awful carnage and great slaughter surrounded by thousands of the dead and wounded. We realized that the coming of another day would open a renewal of the contest for victory. We were nearly ex- hausted and gladly obeyed the order to lie down and rest for the night. Our thoughts were of home and friends and whether we should ever return, and our dreams were of the hand to hand struggle in battle, and yet we slept the sleep of the tired and weary soldier and our last conscious thoughts and prayers were victory on the morrow and that we should not be left among the numerous dead on that gory field of strife. The reveille that awoke us on the early worning of the third and last day of battle was the martial music of General Longstreet's booming cannon now pointed along the low ridge that he gained the afternoon before. We could plainly see the flash of powder and pufif of smoke and then hear the horrid crash and crack of exploding shell as they passed over or fell among us, and very soon it seemed as if everyone of the 250 guns in battery from right to left were firing a morning salute as if warning us to be up and ready for they were eager to renew the combat and would not brook any delay. The cannonading from General Longstreet's artillery continued for an hour or more with deadly affect, for our battle lines in front of General Longstreet's numerous cannons were on the west slopes of Cemetery Ridge mostly in plain view of the enemy, but flat on the ground to avoid so far as possible the explod- ing shell of the foe. Their nearest batteries were less than nine hundred yards away. Our batteries along Cemetery Ridge from Ziegler's Grove and up to and upon Little Round Top vigorously replied with telling effect, and those on Little Round Top had an admirable and commanding position and opened with a raking fire on General Longstreet's long line of cannon in plain view, which must have convinced the enemy that we too were up and on the alert and pre- pared for any thing they had to offer, and accepted their early morning challenge with ardent hope of victory. Our brigade was partially concealed by the copse to our left and the tumbled down stone wall in our front. The 13th regiment which was on the right of our brigade hugged the ground close up to the stone wall, and the most tidy of the boys gave no heed to the soft muddy ground that now soiled their hitherto trim looking uniforms. We were not now out on dress parade for show, but on a field of battle where life was our vigilant care and death and wounds to be avoided by every reasonable care and protection, and such were our orders and we were told not to move about until called upon to do so. It was fool hardy to stand erect and expose ones self to sharp shooters; commanding officers and their staffs, aides and orderlies as a matter of duty moved about and over the field everywhere at all times, wherever and whenever duty called regardless of danger, not in reckless display of courage, but to fulfil to the uttermost the duty of the hour. We watched with wonder and pride the cool and deliberate conduct of officers during 1 ri.ll s i:i.l>S. I o. F, iS(>3. JUl^lL^ ULISS. C(i. I- 1906. DRl.M.Ml.K. II \l.l, U. UmmUWORTH, CO. F, 1862. FRANIIS VIII.TAIKK KANDAI.I. JR. 1863. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 285 the hours of cannonading, and we of the rank and file did not care to change posi- tions with them. General Stannard apparently paid no attention to exploding shell or whizz of bullet, and moved about in the direction of duty, carefully watching the enemy and giving directions that his brigade might be ready to promptly respond to any call. His eagle eye saw every movement within his range, and his intelligence and intuitive military knowledge and experience quick- ly comprehended the stragetic point of contact and advantage. After a while General Longstreet's guns on our left and front ceased firing, but those on our extreme right near Gulp's Hill, Rock Creek and the Baltimore pike continued with such persistent energy as to indicate an advantage ol General Ewell's veteran columns against our right. General Mead had comprehended the purpose of the enemy the evening before when they took advantage of our withdrawing troops from our right to protect our left and center against General Longstreet's persistent and desperate assaults to break through and reach Cemetery Ridge, and General Mead had during the night made due preparations to hold his position on the eastern slopes of Cemetery Hill along the valley to Gulp's Hill and on the north and east slopes of Gulp's Hill and the banks of Rock Creek to Baltimore pike and was ready for business at daylight, and as soon as Longstreet's artillery announced to General Ewell that all was ready, and to commence the pre-arranged attack. General Williams then in command of the 12th corps opened the day and battle with his artillery against General Johnson's division who was about to move against our right flank It was a great surprise to Generals Johnson and Early who were fully prepared and confidently expected to capture Gulp's Hill, turn our flank and by the Baltimore pike to reach our rear. General Mead was on the alert and fully alive to every part of the field and failed not to understand General Lee's plan of battle and points of probable attack, and strengthened his lines and positions accordingly and as will be seen was fully prepared at every point for the supreme effort of the day. The Sixth corps had arrived and had taken position on our extreme left in rear of Big Round Top to protect our left flank and support any part of the field that occasion might require. General Mead's army of the Potomac was now all up on the battlefield in position and ready to cross swords with General Lee and his veteran army of Northern Virginia. The morale of both armies was never better and the rank and file of each were full of hope and confident of victory. General Mead had been in command only four days and yet the boldness of decision and consummate skill and ability with which he mastered the essential details and manoeuvering of his forces inspired his associate officers with great confidence which gave promise of complete vanquishment of the Rebel host. General Mead had fought in the army of the Potomac under General McClellan in the Peninsular campaign, at Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Maryes Heights, Chancellorsville and hence was quite familiar with General Lee's ways of fighting battles, whereas General Mead was a new Commander of the great army of the Potomac and of his ability to manoeuvre and fight General Lee had no knowledge and could not anticipate General Mead's probable course further than certainty of fighting whenever opportunity offered. .,*3Pr? HORACE L. ELSWORTH, CO. F, 1862. JULIUS J. MORSE, CO. F, 1862. MONTRAVILLE ROSS, CO. F, 1862. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 287 General Lee was doubtless disappointed when he learned of General Hooker's removal and General Mead taking his place at Frederick City, Mary- land on the evening of June 28th, and thereupon issued orders to Generals Hill and Ewell to face about and move hastily back and consentrate in the vicinity of Gettysburg. A new commander was now in charge and directing the army of the Potomac and he, General Lee, must be more careful until better acquainted with his ability to successfully handle and fight a great army. As before stated the cannonading opened before sunrise on our immediate left and front by Long- street's batteries directed against our cannon on Cemetery Ridge from Little Round Top to Cemetery Hill, also against our battle lines of infantry in front and support of our batteries. The 13th was more exposed to Longstreet's early morning salute because further up the slope and in plainer view than the 14th and i6th regiments who were further down the slope to our left protected by bushes, small trees and rocks. The shell from the enemy and from our own guns passing over our heads screeching as they passed and the occasional meeting of shell in mid air bringing both to the ground to explode made our position, though somewhat protected by the old tumbled down stone wall in front, a very interesting place to observe, hear, and feel the effect of battle. The pieces of exploded shell that fell and struck the damp ground all around inclining the boys to move a few inches this way or that way and flatten out and hug the ground was rather skittish sur- roundings, but we were becoming use to 't and remained pretty quiet and carried on conversation without lifting heads or hands above the tumbled down stone- wall that partially protected us. The experience of the previous day warned all that such cannonading presaged preparation for advancement as soon as the shelling ceased, and thus we waited for about two hours and witnessed a hot and lively duel between the miles of cannon stretched in almost parallel lines along Seminary Ridge and Cemetery Ridge perhaps a half a mile apart. The cannon on our left and front stopped as suddenly as they commenced, and then we eagerly watched for the expected advance and charge, but no solid lines of gray appeared and only the increased firing on the picket line indicated that General Longstreet was endeavor- ing to secure an advantageous position for his infantry to make a dash across the valley and with that awful yell and glistening bayonets send consternation among our serried battle lines. We watched, waited and listened to the more distant thunder of cannon and roar of musketry over on our right near Gulp's Hill and watched the curling clouds of smoke constantly ascending from the hills and valleys between the eastern slopes of Cemetery Hill, Gulp's Hill and along Rock Creek to Baltimore pike and we knew full well that for the time the objective point and principal delivery of battle was in that locality where General Ewell had advanced his lines under the cover of darkness the evening before and our officers said that Generals Early and Johnson's division were endeavoring to carry Cemetery and Gulp's Hill, but that Generals Churtz, Carrol, Robinson, Wadsworth, Greene, Geary, Colgrove and others of Generals Howard's and Newton's and Slocum's corps would be able to hold that part of the field 288 Tin- Tliiitccntlt Rcijuiicnt I'cinuDit I'olunteers. and satisfy Early and Johnson that there was something more tlian Pennsylva- nia militia of raw troops on that field, and our fears of attack from the rear therefore were dispelled and we turned our attention to our immediate sur- roundings where all at the time was comparatively quiet. We listened with gratification to the music of the battle on our right for hours and the sound seemed gradually moving further away, and we knew by this the enemy had been driven back and our lines re-occupied and fully restored and likewise Generals Early and Johnson had paid the penalty of thousands of their veteran heroes in slain and wounded in their desperate and vain attempt to carry Cemetery Hill, capture Gulp's Hill, turn our right flank and secure position in our rear And for the success of this bold and desperate move which was the beginning of General Lee's great plan of battle for the day we can imagine General Longstreet like a caged lion riding his battle lines for hours of the forenoon of the last day, stojjping now and then as he passed along, steadfastly gazing in the direction of Gulp's Hill and intently listening to the conflict there raging to catch the sound that would tell him that General Ewell's lines were aproaching. General Longstreet in his published description of the battle of the last day said that he impatiently waited the opportune moment for firing the signal gun that opened the last mighty effort of General Lee on that bloody field already covered with more than ten thousand of the dead and mortally wounded thus far sacrificed because of the wicked and barbarous purpose of perpetuating the great national crime of American slavery. General Lee saw through the smoke of battle, and knew better than any other what was involved in the contest on that field, that defeat would be the doom of the cause of the Confederacy, blast the hopes of his armies and people, and humiliate and disappoint all. This day was his great opportunity and succeed he must, or all was lost, and with such thouglits he had planned foi the last day of battle. Returning to the position of 13th, 14th and i6th regiments -of Stannard's brigade while the noise of battle continued on our right, we were deeply interested and impressed with the manner of fighting a great battle. The gigantic task of the commanding Generals, the discipline required, the manoeuvering on the field, harmonious action, necessary celerity of massing at. any given point and all this only partially explained by the signal stations on the hills, and the numerous staff officers, aides and orderlies swiftly and continuously moving over the field in every direction bent on reaching a given point in the shortest space of time regardless of bullets or shells. To witness a great battle is a grand and imposing sight, sublime in its awful carnage never to be forgotten nor can it be adequately described, and thus we lay all the forenoon of the last day of the battle, silent and intensely interested witnesses of the scenes about us. We gave but little heed to the many dead scattered over the field in every direction as far as we could see, only those near by, and those we temporarily and tenderly covered over with their blankets to hide from view the horrid bloated, mangled corpses with open eyes constantly crossing our vision and distracting our atten- tion from the important duties at hand. Our lines were continuously menaced by sharp shooters and we moved but little in an upright position unless re- quired. The burning heat demanded water to quench our thirst and one at a On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 289 time would volunteer to go a few rods to the left of our then position to a Spring for water taking as many canteens as he could carry and then crawl along on the ground dragging the canteens after him to the spring, wait his turn and flat on the ground fill his canteens and in like manner return, all the while exposed to the shell and bullets that filled the air. Moving along the ground in this manner could not be seen by sharp shooters, but at the spring the increased com- motion attracted the attention of sharp shooters and hence a hazardous under- taking to procure water. The most of us suffered the pangs of thirst rather than be targets for those fellows behind stones and fences and buildings and in tree tops with their telescope rifles watching an opportunity to shoot any thing within range. Many fell by the hand of sharp shooters, especially cannoneers and officers, and those whose duty constantly exposed them to this unavoidable danger during the progress of battle. The sharp shooters on each side vigilently watched for each other and many a poor fellow came tumbling down from tree top because his hiding place, revealed by flash and puft' of powder was dis- covered and located. Lieutenant Brown of Company K deliberately walked to the spring loaded with empty canteens, filled them and returned in safety, but only once, and then advised the others not to try it and they did not, for quite a number had been killed procuring water at that spring. There was but little firing of cannon between eight in the morning and one in the afternoon along our left flank and center. The unusual activity of the picket lines indicated that Longstreet was pressing forward with some purpose in view. Save the constant firing of sharp shooters all was comparatively quiet and no particular danger after the morning salute up to about one in the afternoon in the position we occupied, at which hour the great duel of cannon opened. The boys of the 13th moved about but little and patiently waited for the ex- pected charge against our immediate front. While waiting and soon after the noise of battle ceased on our extreme right. Lieutenant Albert Clark in command of Company G saw that a nearby rail fence might be readily converted into a low breastwork and placed considerably in advance of the stone wall that then protected us, and be of great advantage in repelling any charge against us and called Colonel Randall's attention to it, and obtaining his consent called for volunteers to go out and do the work of building a breastwork with the fence rails. Sergeant George H. Scott was first to volunteer and then others followed until some twenty or more of our regiment largely of Company G as I recall, led by Sergeant Scott charged the rail fence, carried the rails about one hundred yards in advance and further down the slope and laid up a temporary bulwark of rails perhaps two feet high parallel to the battle line then occupied by the 13th regiment. Sergeant Scott and his assistants were cast in a like mould and of similar clay and animated by the same high and noble purpose as Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, or they would not have so promptly sallied out into the open field midst the leaden rain of rifle bullets that hissed through the air from house and tree tops across the valley among them. The work was quickly and well done and timely, and the protection it gave us later was complimentary to the rare foresight and cool calculation of Lieu- CAPT. MERRITT B. WILLIAMS, CO. G, 1862. Oh the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 291 tenant Albert Clark of Company G. General Stannard saw the boys at this work and approved it with a nod and smile, while Colonel Randall and the regiment encouraged the enterprise with cheers and congratulated the boys on their safe return. For this brave deed medals of honor should have been awarded by our government and no doubt would have been long ago had applications been made. The author regrets that he is not now able to give the names of all those that participated in this incident. I saw them and knew most if not all at the time. Private Willett, Corporal Hitchcock of Company G, and Smith M. Decker and Henry Meigs of Company K were among the number. Two or more from each company. Just after the above incident Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant of Company E, 14th Vermont Regiment, my cousin and playmate from birth to early manhood came from his regiment only a few rods to the left to see me and this is a part of what he said, "I shall never see home and dear friends again, something tells me I shall be slain in this battle, and I cannot drive away the awful thought. I have come to tell you and request that you tell father and mother, brothers and sisters and dear friends for me and say good-by. That I would like to be buried in Weybridge, my native town, that I have done my duty thus far and have not flinched or been much frightened so far in this battle; that when awakened this morning by the roar of cannon and the noise of bursting shell that passed over me, I was dreaming of the consummation of long anticipated joys, and in it I read 'death' and it so impressed me that it is impossible to think of any thing else. I have not felt so until to-day though under fire all day yesterday and many fell dead and wounded about me. I have asked of my Father in Heaven forgiveness for all, and am at peace and all is well, but how I long to live and return home to walk in the path that my desire, hope and ambition had marked out. I am so sure that my life will end on this field that I have come to ask that you explain all to father and mother, take these letters and return them and tell her not to weep for me, that my heart almost breaks to think I must give up all my cherisTied plans of life. I could not tell these matters or speak of them to my company comrades, so come to you." And more he said of like import. In every way I endeavored to dispel the awful thoughts that held and controlled him, but to no purpose. All his life he had listened to the interpretations of his mother's dreams who was a firm believer in such impressions. The author having often heard this sainted mother ex- plain her dreams and knowing of their fulfilment do not wonder that her oldest child and most beloved son, though educated and intelligent was impressed with the idea that there was some mysterious connection unexplainable between natural and immortal life that revealed to the living premonitions of the future. I cannot forget how anxiously he listened hoping (as I now believe) that some explanation might break the spell that engulfed him. My efforts were all in vain. With deep emotion he extended his hand and said "Good-by" and hastily and deliberately walked back to his regiment nearby paying no heed to the deadly missies that filled the air. The author was not a believer in dreams and gave the incident but little thought during the remainder of the day. Before my cousin reached his regiment, which was in sight and not two hundred yards away, two signal guns in quick succession from General Longstreet's artillery LIEUT. ALBERT CLARK, CO. G, 1863. LIEUT. ALBERT CLAKK, Ct). G, 1907. • On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 293 broke the awful silence that had for an hour or more hovered over the entire field. General E. Porter Alexander who was in command of General Longstreet's artillery says "That by his watch the signal guns from the Washington artillery were fired at one o'clock and Colonel William Mullen Owen of the Washington artillery who gave Longstreet's orders to the gunners to fire, claims that it was half past one o'clock. The consensus of opinion as to the time the signal guns were fired and the battle opened in the afternoon of the last day is between one and two o'clock. \Mthin a minute after the firing of the signal guns 150 cannon in battery along Seminary Ridge as far as we could see were belching forth their deadly storm of solid shot and shrapnel shell consentrated against our left center battle lines and in another moment almost simultaneously from Round Top to Ceme- tery Hill one hundred cannon or more of the Union side replied, and a blazing stream of fire from hill top to hill top and along the valley, accompanied with 1 deafening roar, signaled back to the foe that we also were ready for the final struggle. The grandeur and sublimity of this artillery duel impossible to even faintly describe. Those who were present and saw and heard have some concep- tion of the mighty and determined contest between the miles of cannon that faced each other continuously vomiting forth the deadly missiles that went screeching across the valley on errands of death and destruction. We of the front battle lines lay flat on the ground between the long lines of cannon on the right, in front and rear, and were intensely interested not only in the artillery combat but in the prospect of the coming hand to hand struggle that we knew would surely follow. The blowing up of Caissons first on one side and then on the other were frequent and greeted with cheers from the side that caused them. The missiles of hurtling shell struck thick and fast among our prostrate ranks with deadly effort and the dead and wounded remained on the field until the battle was over. For two long awful hours (and more I judge) this unparalleled artillery fight raged without apparent advantage to either side. Both armies were well matched in cannon and skill. General Longstreet to whom General Lee had given in charge the culminating act of this great tragic drama on this field incessantly consentrated his fire at a given point which was notice to General Mead and his officers where the final charge would be made, and anticipating the enemy's plan due preparation had been made and on the center of this objective point where lay the stalwart forms behind the recently built bulwark of rails, stone wall, rocks, bushes and trees, General Stannard's Green Mountain Boys, and like the lion in its lair ready to spring forward when called and grapple in the deadly struggle for victory. This was the first real battle of these Vermont regiments, and their conduct in the baptism of fire on the previous day under the direction and eye of General Hancock gave promise and assurance to him, that they were the boys' to occupy and hold the front battle lines in the impending charge and final struggle. This was indeed a flattering compliment from so distinguished and able a fighter as General Hancock to General Stannard and his command. It is LIEUT. CHARLES RANDALL. CI'. SERGT. GEORGE H. SCOTT, CO. G, 1864. REV. SERGT. GEORGE H. SCOTT, CO. G, 1906. On flic Battlefield of Gettysburg. 295 said that this artillery duel continued for two hours without any signs of weak- ness or yeilding. While the cannon roared and the bursting shell filled the air. the boys of the 13th crawled carefully along the ground to the rail fence westward that was built in the forenoon, in order to change our front battle line that had evidently been located by the cannoneers and to be ready when the cannonading ceased. This forward movement of the 13th regiment was not according to strict military rule, but a helter skelter zig zag croutching, crawl and run each taking his own way to reach the rail breastwork as best he could and as quick as possible and take position in companies on reaching there. The stone and bushes and rails and smoke on the way obscured our move and no one was killed in making this change. This new position was important. We were further down the slope and in less danger from the enemy's shell, and there was a clear open field in front right and left, and an admirable chance to fire on approaching columns. Some of the boys were a little frightened and others slightly wounded in this advance and all as soon as they reached the rail breastworks flattened out behind them to await the end of the artillery battle. General Stannard's brigade was still in General Hancock's corps on the very front battle line, full one hundred yards in advance of the battle lines in support. While waiting for the next move of the enemy we saw about us on Cemetery Ridge and its slopes a grand and imposing sight, magnificent in military array, mighty in numbers and equipment of destruction, skilfully arranged and masked in long rows of battle lines from valley to crest and from Cemetery Hill to Round Top, every available elevation covered with batteries, wheel to wheel and their caissons to the rear and handy by, protected as much as possible from the enemy's view and range of fire. Artillery officers moved rapidly over the fields followed by a retinue of aides, horses and riders, mounted and dressed for the occasion dotted all along wth cavalcades all ready to gallop to the rescue or charge of gun or battery on the bugle call of limber up. Orderlies on their foaming steeds swiftly moving i'l every direction over the field in discharge of their duty, delivering orders from officers in command, the stars and stripes and standard colors of regiment and battery, ensigns denoting the official rank of corps, divisions, brigade, regiment and battery amidst thundering roar of 250 cannon that echoed and re-echoed over the hills and through the valleys, the carnage of battle, the strenuous efforts to destroy and overcome presented a battle scene, the like of which has never been witnessed on this continent or any other in the history of ancient or modern warfare, and likely never will be. Two mighty armies 100,000 each, composed of the best, most intelligent and the flower of the grandest and most progressive civilized nation of the world equipped with every known appliance of destruction spread out over an open country of cultivated fields as far as the eye could see. The whole battle- field could be plainly viewed from Round Top to Cemetery Hill, and much of the preparation for the final and desperate struggle on the last day was in plain view of the 13th regiment of Stannard's brigade. General Stannard's brigade saw and heard and were in the midst of the very center of the fiercest struggle, and witnessed and realized that which no pen can possibly describe SERCT. JOHN H-.DWYF.R, CO. G, 1906. .CORP. CHARL.ES F. OVII'M', CO. (', ■ / ' 1863.' CORP. JOSEPH W. HITCHCOCK, CO. G, 1862. REV. CORP. J.(.)SKrH W. linCHCOCK, CO. G, IQO('). On till- Battlefield of Gettysburg. 297 so as to paint and convey the awful scenes of the closing I-.ours of that great battle. Let us briefly note in passing, our location and what troops surrounded us on the afternoon of the last day of battle. Our location in the afternoon was about one-third of a mile south of Cemetery Hill between Taneytown and Emmetsbuig Roads, almost at the foot of the west slope of Cemetery Ridge some two hundred yards from its crest, just at the left and in advance of the place now called the High Water mark of the Rebellion, and the charge against General Pickett's columns must have taken the 13th and i6th regiments full half-way down into and across Plum Run valley and further out than any other regiments went in this charge. On our immediate right and in the same front line were Generals Alexander S. Webb, Norman J. Hall's brigades of General John Gibbon's division Hancock's corps and Colonel Thomas A. Smith's brigade of General Alexander Haye's division, Hancock's corps, and in rear supporting were Graham Ward and DeTrobriand's brigades of the Third corps, and at the immediate left and front of our brigade was an open field for con- siderable distance. Our nearest supports on the left was McGilvery's reserve artillery which was well up the slope to our left and rear, advantageously situated to send death and distraction into the ranks of any charging columns that might cross the open field before them from any direction with a raking fire of shell, grape and canister. The left flank of General Stannard's brigade was well down on the low flat ground of Plum Run behind thick copse that lined its banks and mostly out of sight of the enemy, and therefore sufifered but little from Longstreet's artillery. The troops of the First, Second and Third corps were closely massed on and about this central position with the Eleventh and Twelfth corps on the right and the Fifth and Sixth corps with Kilpatrick's cavalry on the left and artillery planted over the whole field where it would be best in hand for most effective use. And all arranged and placed to make our position impregnable and secure, against the Rebel host. And such was the situation and the sur- roundings of General Stannard's brigade when General Longstreet's signal guns announced all was ready for the beginning of the culminating and desperate struggle on that field for victory. It was summer, the day was perfect and all nature about seemed dressed in its richest color, for the slaughter of precious lives and passage of thousands of immortal souls from that field of glory to realms beyond. Everything had been determined and nothing could prevent the carnage soon to follow. The artillery opened concentrating its fire against the left center the salient point of which, was occupied and held by the Vermonters of General Stannard's brigade. The tremendous roar of cannon, the crack and crash of shell, the exploding caissons here and there, the horrid whizz of shrapnel, the consternation and anxiety, all this held us prostrate and fast to the ground anxiously watching and waiting for the guns to cease firing. The two long hours of cannonading was so appalling and fraught with constant apprehension, that the passing of each minute seemed a life time. We of the 13th now realized the value of the low breastwork of rails that protected us during the deadly storm and were grateful to Lieutenant Albert Clark and CORP. OKVILLK SMITH. Co. C. 1862. CORP. OKVILLE SMITH. CO. G, CORP. Joll.N J. 11 ILL, CO. C. 1862. CORP. JOHN J. HILL, CO. G, 1904. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 299 Sergeant George H. Scott and their associates for their foresight and timely efforts. Suddenly the cannon ceased on Cemetery Hill and from battery to , battery all along our lines until every Federal gun was silent, followed in a few moments with complete suspension of Confederate cannonading. We knew the time had come for the final charge, and eagerly gazed and watched the crest of Seminary Ridge across the valley, expecting each moment to see the long lines of gray with tilted bayonets glistening in the sunshine rapidly approaching. Every eye was scanning the open fields directly in front of Stannard's brigade beyond the Emmetsburg Road as if momentarily expecting to see moving columns pressing forward in the final charge. Commanding officers with their staffs and aides on elevated positions with field glasses to their eyes were intently looking westward along the crest of Seminary Ridge to catch the first glimpse of the expected foe. Not one in General Mead's great army knew who had been chosen by General Lee to lead his brave heroes on to victory or defeat, or how many thousands had been selected to make the charge. Our commanders knew that General Lee had selected the bravest of the brave, the veteran heroes of Bull Run, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, the tried and true, the very flower from his mighty army for this charge. He, General Lee must have realized that the hour of the supreme effort of his matchless career was at hand and all depended on the result. For three long days he had fought many desperate battles on that field and yet the Union army held fast to its positions. He, General Lee must now win, or the cause of the Confederacy would be lost, and therefore his careful preparation for the final struggle. His hopes and fears hanging in the balance, weighted with questions of more moment and greater consequence, than on any other occasion of his event- ful life. General Lee at the head of a hitherto unconquerable army, had boldly entered the enemy's country for an expressed purpose, and to return without its consummation would be more disastrous to the success of the Rebellion and morale of his armies than the slaughter of thousands and defeat in battle. A battle was the only alternative, and hence his untiring and indefatigable attention, demanding his best efforts in the preparation for the mighty struggle. Likely no man of modern times could under similar circum- stances have done better. It was now about 3:30 o'clock in the afternoon, comparative silence prevailed over the field, and the Union army was intently watching and waiting the expected charge. The dread spell of silence suddenly gave way to excitement and activity, from Cemetery Hill to Round Top and like the rush of a mighty wind the word came down our lines, "See they are coming." Involuntarily every eye was quickly turned to the undulating crest of the low ridge across the valley that extended from west of Gettysburg village around to Big Round Top nearly parrallel to Cemetery Ridge and between the two ridges, the low valley of Plum Run, distant from ridge to ridge three-fourths of a mile. Where all was still and motionless before was now animated, with excite- ment and hurrying to and fro on every part of the field. Hurried orders came from commanders, and almost at the same moment the officers and the rank and file were told of the approaching charge, before it could be seen only by those on Cemetery Hill and Round Top. Not one of the many thousands that wore CORP. THOMAS T. SN'KLL, CO. C"., 1862. loliii S. liavcs or. the left. CORP. THOMAS T. SNELL. CO. C, 1906. CORP. iii'..Mn' 11. wici.i.s, CO. o 1 861. CORP. HENRV II. WELLS, CO. C. 1905. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 301 the blue but what were ready and anxious for the mortal combat (knowing it must come) to commence that it might be settled then and there, who should be crowned with victory. The long day of suspense was terrible and all longed to see the charging columns attempt to cross the open field which we believed to be an impassable gulf in the face of one hundred cannon belching forth solid shot, exploding shells and grape and canister, and the solid lines of infantry thickly massed on the slopes from crest to valley prepared to mow down General Lee's approach- ing battle lines when in range of musket ball. We saw them first as they reached the crest of Seminary Ridge a full half mile away, at first horse and rider, then glistening bayonets and then flags and banners waving and fluttering in the sultry air could be seen. Suddenly a battery opened on Cemetery Hill with deafening roar, and sent hurling across the valley into the approaching columns the first compli- mentary salute that warned them that all of our guns had not been silenced by their hundred and fifty guns during the early hours of the afternoon, but on they come regardless of exploding shells hurled against them, turning not to the right or left climbing the fences and walls, quickly reached the Emmits- burg Road, passed on both sides of the Cadora House and other buildings in that locality making momentary openings in their lines as they passed. They crossed the road, reached the open field before them, moved rapidly forward in solid columns the first and second divisions in advance, and then the third in support in short echelon as they moved down the slope into the valley from the Emmitsburg Road. The charging columns were now in plain sight and range of our guns from Round Top to Ziegler's Grove which with an infilading fire made numerous gaps in their lines which were quickly closed, but on they came as if impelled by some unresistless force, paying no attention to the grape and canister that made gory swaths through their battle lines. This was the ani- mated opportunity for our artillery and with a flash and roar they improved it. We of Stannard's brigade against whom the right wing of General Pickett's charg- ers seemed to be pointed for, wondered if it would be possible for any to pass through the iron storm that assailed them. They were now in plain view, but we only knew that they were the selected veteran heroes of General Lee's great army. We soon learned that these serried columns coming down the slope into the valley of slaughter and death were the gallant warriors that on many a sanguinary field had made the charge that secured victory, now being led by General George E. Pickett, the one of all the veteran ofiicers of the great army of Northern Virginia personally selected by General Lee to command and lead the flower of his army in whom was centered all his hopes on this field, — they were to him like Napoleon's body guard at Water- loo. The right wing was General Pickett's old division of Longstreet's corps 4,900 strong, composed of the three brigades commanded by Generals Garnet, Armistead and Kemper. The left wing was General Heth's division. General A. P. Hill's corps then being led by General J. Johnston Pettigrew and com- posed of three brigades estimated at 5,000 with General Trimble in command of General Pender's division with Generals Lane and Scale's brigades of Hill's corps 2,500 strong forming a close second battle line in support, making in numbers fully 12,000 bayonets. General Pickett's division had thus far GEORGE C. CUKSE, CO. G, 1862. JOIIX S. HAVES, CO. G, 1862. Corp. Tliomas T. Snell (ni the ri_i;lit. FERNANDO CORTEZ WILLETT, CO. G, 1862. FER.N".\Nni) CORTEZ WIULETT, CO. G, Oh the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 303 taken no active part on this field, being held in reserve for special service, and therefore were fresh and anxious to make the dash for victory. Pettigrevv and Trimble's brigades had been severely punished by the First corps under General Doubleday in the first day's battle and were not quite so hopeful though flushed with victory and flattered with being selected to take part in the final charge, with steady step and undaunted courage boldly pushed forward down the slope across the valley into the very mouths of belching cannon, leaped the wall among the cannoneers and mingled with gunners and infantry men of the blue with sword, pistol, musket and bayonet in a life and death struggle for vantage ground. And such was the composition of the column rapidly aproaching. What a grand, magnificent and sublime array 12,000 strong making a dash across an open field in the face of one hundred cannon into the very jaws of death to save the day and secure victory. No such sight in all the history of battles had ever been seen. On they came re- gardless of the carnage among them, nearer and nearer until horse and rider, officer and private, standards and banners waving in the lead were plainly seen, and almost within musket range, the right wing now face to face with the right wing of Stannard's brigade. Down the line of the 13th regiment comes the order from company to company "Steady boys, hold your position, don't fire until the word is given, keep cool, lie low till order is given to fire, make ready, take good aim, fire low." Then like an electric flash came down the line the order from Colonel Randall quickly repeated by every officer in the line "Fire", up rose the Green Mountain Boys, 3,000 strong as if by magic with forms erect took deliberate aim and with a simultaneous flash and roar fired into the compact ranks of the desperate foe and again and again in quick succession until a dozen or more volleys had been discharged with deadly effect. We saw at every volley the grey uniforms fall quick and fast and the front line hesitated, moved slowly and melted away, could not advance against such a furious and steady storm of bullets in their faces and the raking fire of McGilvery's batteries against their flank and midst this, unexpected fusillade of bullets, grape and canister they halted and quickly in good order massed in columns to our right uncovering the immediate front of Stannard's brigade and with an awful menacing yell dashed forward with the evident purpose of carrying the crest of Cemetery Ridge at our right and rear. Pickett's massing of columns and verging to his left and our right opened a clear field in front of Stannard's brigade, furnishing a golden opportunity for a flank advance attack against General Pickett's advancing battle lines. General Stannard ordered the 13th and i6th regiments. of his brigade to move forward (the 14th to remain in position in support) toward the enemy, and these two regiments the 13th and i6th, advanced about one hundred yards in quick time, the 13th on the double-quick and moved first, the i6th being at the left of the brigade did not receive the order as soon by some minutes as the 13th, and this advance movement while the 13th was still in motion was quickly followed by a more important order which was given first to the 13th regiment. As General Stannard looked over the field his quick eye discovered the salient angle, and like a flash of lightning came the inspired thought that evolved the m n^ SUIIXER WARNER, CO. G, 1862. SUMNER WARNER, CO. G, 1905. It ^ \ Mu\RTIN II. DODGE, CO. G, 1862. J()Si:i'll KinUKK. CO. G, On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 305 famous and now historic order (unique in manoeuvring in the midst of battle) "Change front, forward on first company." Colonel Randall repeated this order to Captain Lonergan of Company A and sent it along the line. Captain Lonergan on receiving the order halted his company which was the right of the line, placed First Ser- geant James B. Scully in position and quickly swung his company around into position, and thus each company was brought into line facing the right flank of General Pickett's advancing heroes and each company as it faced into line saw in their immediate front not sixty yards away General Pickett's com- mand, charging forward up the slope and at once opened a deadly fire on their flank which surprised and disconcerted officers and rank and file alike, some turned about and returned our fire, but knowing their objective point moved on. This was at short range and the concentrated fire of the 13th into the moving flank before them thickly covered the ground with the dead and wounded until General Pickett's command had lost most of its distinguished ofiicers and a large per cent, of its rank and file. It was while our regiment was firing into Pickett's flank that brave General Garnet fell from his horse pierced with a minnie ball, and General Armistead too as he scaled the wall fell into the ranks of the blue with cap on his sword urging his men to follow. Not until the dead and wounded covered the ground so as to make progress almost impossible, did they seem to realize their awful situation, and then they waved handkerchiefs, and threw up their hands as evidence of surrender. It was at this juncture that Colonel Randall at risk of his own life from the muskets of his own regiment passed rapidly down the line and shouted "Stop firing." Then we advanced and captured nearly all that still survived of Pickett's old divi- sion. It is claimed that of all the field officers in Pickett's division, only one, (a Major) came out without injury. It is said by Colonel Longstreet in his article found in the publication of the "Battles and Leaders of the Rebellion" that more than 2,000 of General Pickett's command were killed and wounded in less than thirty minutes, and that two-thirds of General Pickett's division lay dead and mortally wounded on the field being almost literally annihilated. The numbers we here captured were so large that Colonel Randall detailed Com- panies G and I to take the prisoners to the rear. From the moment General Pickett's command crossed the Emmitsburg Road and started on its perilous charge, to the time we of the 13th returned to our position just in the rear of the breastwork of rails, full two hours must have passed. Every moment was so appalling and the horrid scenes all about us so dreadful we took no thought of swift passing time. The carnage was ter- rible but wonderful and glorious the results. As the 13th charged forward from its last position where it had been pouring in volley after volley at short range from musket and pistol, (the officers of the line now had an opportunity to use their pistols with deadly effect and right well they improved it and many of them were skilled and ac- curate marksmen) realizing (though many had indicated their willingness and anxiety to surrender), that some of the more revengeful and desperate con- tinued to fire in our faces as we advanced. We opened fire again and then rushed up against them with bayonets pushed forward revengefully determined CUV \V(I(IL)V\ AKD. CO. C, ,l;v WdiiinvAKii, 1906. HAKTl-ORn p. WOODWARD, CO. G, 1862. LE\[ LAFLEUR, CO. G, 1905. 0)1 the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 307 to slay the very last man unless they would heed their proffered offer of sur- render. Bayonets were crossed and the desperate thrusts exchanged, and the hand to hand struggle followed. Many fell wounded and bleeding pierced with bayonet, sword and pistol and musket balls. This was the final struggle and was soon over. We were now in their front and rear and escape was im- possible. The croutching rose up and all the living including the slightly wounded hurriedly and anxiously passed through our ranks to the rear turning over their guns, pistols and sabres as they passed on. The author was there and fully alive to duty and self preservation and saw for himself the dreadful havoc before him. If there was any spot on that great field of battle that approximated more nearly than any other the malstrom of destruction, this was the place. They lay one upon the other clutched in death, side by side. The dead, dying and horribly wounded, some had on the blue, but nearly all wore the gray, for on a few square rods one could hardly step so thickly lay the dead. A thousand could have been counted on less than two acres of ground. This was indeed the great slaughter pen on the field of Gettysburg, and in it lay hundreds of the brave heroes who an hour before buoyed up with hope and ambition were being led by the brave and intrepid General Pickett against solid phalanxes of infantry, an hundred belching cannon and the strong bulwarks of their foe, as they fully believed, to victory. General Pickett's divisions seemingly melted away as if swallowed up by opening ground under the steady gaze of General Longstreet who silently and sorrowfully watched as he believed the forelorn hope and needless sacrifice, among them were many of the veteran heroes of his old brigade that he had drilled on the plains of Manassas before the first battle of Bull Run, but as a true soldier when he saw the battle line of blue push out into the field and open fire upon General Pickett's flank, he directed his artillery in that direction knowing that friend as well as foe must suffer alike from his raking fire, and we who were at the salient point saw the direction from whence came the spiteful shells and wondered at the desperate act. Much history was made on this charge that can never be known, and much, though seen and realized that can never be adequately described. The author being in the ranks in this charge situated so as to see and know what occurred and how, and because none of my regimental comrades have written of it, and because as Historian and commissioned to tell something of the thrilling scenes connected with this unparalleled and world renown charge are my reasons for recounting some of the incidents seen and realized in the last act of that bloody drama on the fields of Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. Brave General Garnet who was shot from his horse while leading his brigade fell only a few paces in the rear of the stone wall where General Armistead was shot and no doubt from bullets fired from the 13th Vermont Regiment who at that moment was on Pickett's flank firing at short range in that direction. First Corporal Londas S. Terrill of Company F claims the honor (if it be an honor to shoot so brave a soldier) of firing the bullet that so suddenly ended the brilliant career of this young Rebel officer. Corporal Terrill says he took deliberate aim fired and Garnet fell. It was as likely Terrill's gun as any, but no man could possibly tell whether the gun he fired ALr.KRT \\i;LLS. CO. (', 1862. ALBERT WELLS, CO. C, 1903. WAKD IMPEK, CO. I',, 1862. WARD PIPER, CO. C, 1905- On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 309 fell the person aimed at or not. Seven hundred rifles in the skilful hands of the 13th regiment were sending a contmuous rain of bullets in the same direc- tion. Private Oliver Pariso of Company K (and there was no better shot in the regiment) claimed that he too about the same time took aim at a mounted ofificer and saw him fall while looking along the sight of his gun barrel, Fariso's honesty and veracity was never questioned, and it may be true that his deadly aim reached the very mark, but the surroundings and flying bullets that filled the air removes every probalility of certainty. Private Cadmus S. Gates of Company K also was confident because of peculiar situation that one officer fell as the result of his careful aim. Indeed many of the boys claimed just after the battle they had felled their man and some a half a dozen or more. The author also took good aim and saw many a poor fellow fall, and the bullets he fired into the solid ranks of General Pickett's brave boys may have killed one or more, but he has ever since been happy in the thought that he could not tell the result of his firing; Eternity alone can reveal the fact. It is enough to know that hundreds fell by the hands of boys that fought in the ranks of the gallant 13th on that memorable charge. Quite a number of the boys brought from the field pistols, sabres and guns and other mementoes recovered in the charge or scattered over the field, but all to no particular purpose excepting in the case of Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K who was armed up to the end of this charge with only a common camp hatchet (having been relieved of his sword while on the march some days before, the particulars of which are mentioned elsewhere in this book) and he wanted a sword, and as one of General Pickett's Lieutenants approached and was about to pass as a prisoner within our lines, Lieutenant Brown demanded his sword. The officer in gray hesitated, saw the upraised hatchet as it glistened in the sun and then quickly unbuckled his belt and passed belt, sword and scabbard and pistol to Lieutenant Brown, said not a word and passed on. Lieutenant Brown buckled on the belt, dropped the hatchet and took the sword and thereafter carried it until mustered out. The author was near and saw this singular and timely capture of sword and pistol, and exchange of an aboriginal implement of warfare (a hatchet) for the more- modern and less savage, a sword. Marvelous and unusual incidents occurred in connection with General Pickett's charge, one of which was General Stannard's original and famous order "Change front forward on first company" has already been mentioned, and I call attention to a more unique and strange occurance while out on General Pickett's flank. The 13th regiment being on the right of the brigade General Stannard gave his order to Colonel Randall first, who promptly ad- vanced and swung his regiment into line on the double-quick, and was on Pickett's moving right flank rapidly firing into his charging columns for some minutes before the i6th regiment could execute the same order and take its position in line on the left of the 13th. Colonel Veazey had to move his regi- ment backward and pass around in the rear of the 14th regiment, left in posi- tion as support, and then charged down the slope into the valley passed into the rear of the 13th and then into position, on the left of the 13th, extending the line well up the slope toward the Cadora House on the Emmitsburg Road or pike, ^wt-a-- w . ,^r^^m ' J^ xi:lsox s. DAVIS. c'( 1862. NELSON S. D.W'IS. Ij 1905- iK.\ A. s^r^r^. ^( 1904. iir.xr!\ McN \i.L. to. G, 1901. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 311 where it at once opened fire on General Pickett's demoralized and broken battle lines and on those who broke and run to escape capture. Very soon after the i6th passed in the immediate rear of the 13th into position, there appeared some four hundred yards to the rear having just crossed the Emmits- burg Road and moving rapidly down into the valley charging forward in the direction of Cemetery Ridge a large body of soldiers who we at once recognized by the uniforms they wore and the flags and banners they carried and the yell they made, as the enemy, exposing their left flank to our view in passing. At this juncture the unheard of happened, namely, those standing in the rear rank of the 13th and i6th regiments who had been firing into General Pickett's flanks as they turned half way around to load their guns discovered the pass- ing Rebel column in the rear and without orders faced square to the rear and opened fire causing dismay and confusion and hesitancy, and thus it was while the front ranks of the 13th and i6th were sending bullets thick and fast into General Pickett's right flank causing fearful slaughter, because of good aim and short range, the rear ranks of the 13th and i6th regiments at the same time were facing in an opposite direction and with steady aim firing as rapidly into the charging left flank of the belated columns that had come in support of General Pickett's right flank with equal effect. For a time the 13th and i6th stood in line in double ranks across Plum Run valley extending from near the base of Cemetery Ridge to within a few rods of the Emmitsburg Road, the front rank facing northerly towards Gettysburg village and firing into Pickett's huddled struggling ranks and the rear rank facing southerly towards Peach Orchard, Devil's Den, Big Round Top deliberately and steadily firing into the left flank of what proved to be General Wilcox's brigade and command. This was an accidental situation, but who unless inborn fighters would have so suddenly taken advantage of so good an opportunity and made use of it as an expected duty. Yes, as once before said, the boys of the Second Vermont Brigade who carried guns in that memorable charge inherited the same in- tuitive ability and prowess as shown on that field by their beloved and highly respected commander General George J. Stannard. He created orders to meet an unlooked for situation, the boys in the ranks without orders fired into the ranks of the coming foe, whether in front or rear it mattered not to them if only they wore the gray. General Stannard saw the situation and sent an order to Colonel Veazey to face his regiment about and charge against the approach- ing columns as he gallantly did with great credit to himself and the boys he led. Likely Lieutenant Brown had no thought of such an exchange of weapons until the opportunity came. He made no inquiry thereafter for his sword nor never knew or cared what become of it, nor was anything ever said or done about Lieutenant Brown forcing a safeguard at a spring on the march to obtain water for his famishing boys which was the cause of his being relieved of his sword. Lieutenant Brown was prompted and impelled to go for water on grounds of humanity alone, and the order that followed relieving him of his sword was simply for an example of discipline and nothing further was thought of it. The author from what is above said does not want it understood that Colonel \'eazev of the i6th did not receive the order to "Change front forward WILLIAM OAKLIiY BKK^IIAM, CO. G, 1862. WILLIAM U.\KLI-;\ I;KI(,II\.\I. to. <; 1904. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 313 on first company", but that he did not receive it until after it was given to Colonel Randall of the 13th, and considerable time elapsed before the i6th took position in line on the left of the 13th, for after Colonel Veazey had gathered his regiment on the left of the 14th for the formal movement, General Stannard ordered him to join the 13th in its flank attack, moving around in the rear of the 14th, and then by the flank to the left of the 13th which took the 1 6th down the slope across the valley, its extreme left near the Emmitsburg Road. This required a march after passing the right of the 14th of some fifty rods directly to the front. While Colonel Veazey was making this move- ment the 13th having received the order first to "Change front forward on first company" had promptly executed it and was in line on Pickett's flank pouring into his crowded columns volley after volley as fast as possible when Colonel Veazey and his brave boys were charging down the slope to the rear of the 13th to position which it reached some minutes after the 13th was in position. It was in season to take part in firing into the retreating ranks of General Pettigrew and Trimble and also gathered in some stragglers that had reached the Cadora House on their return that belonged to General Pickett's division. Hence, it will be noted that General Pickett's division had suffered much in dead and wounded before the i6th took position on the left of the 13th. The 13th covered General Pickett's flank, the center and right, were nearly opposite the point where Garnet and Armistead fell, and as advance was made the boys of the 13th reached the huddled lines of the gray first and then and there captured many prisoners, a majority of those taken on this charge. A considerable time was spent in gathering up prisoners and sending them under escort to the rear. And while thus engaged we saw quite a large body of soldiers some distance to our left well out in the field from Emmitsburg Road advancing directly towards the position that we of the 13th had just left. We saw the i6th regiment face about and take position in line and then with an exhulting yell charge acrose the field on the run right up to and against the left flank of the approaching columns many being killed by bullets, grape and canister fired into their compact ranks massed in column and many of them taken prisoners by the i6th but most of them hastily retreated and escaped. This body of the enemy were General Wilcox and Perry's brigades of General Richard's and Anderson's divisions, A. P. Hill's corps, who were General Pickett's support of his right flank but was slow in following up Pickett's command and therefore were too late to render any assistance as has been seen. No occasion to now speculate what would have been the result if General Pickett had been promptly supported as planned, by Generals Wilcox and Perry's brigades. We of the 13th watched with deep interest the gallant charge of the i6th and heartily cheered them as Wilcox and Perry were driven back across the Emmitsburg Road behind Longstreet's artillery. As soon as Wilcox and Perry's brigades had opened the field, Longstreet's guns opened fire again on the 13th who had gathered in the captured and were waiting for further orders, and while here after Companies I and G had ben sent to the rear with prisoners, we took a hasty account of casualties and found only a comparative few had thus far been seriously wounded. Sergeant Halloway of Company K had been hit on the leg and Pariso and Richardson of Company 314 '//'"' 1 hirtccnih Rcgiiiiciit I'l-riiunil I'diintccrs. K had IjLcii slightly wounded with pieces of shell on breast and shoulder and Lieutenant Albert Clark of Company G on the ankle, not dangerous, Lieu- tenant Kentield of Company E quite dangerously wounded though not mortal. Soon after Companys I and G left the field in charge of prisoners. Colonel Randall received an order from General Stannard to move his regiment back to position, and as we were ascending the (ipeii licld U> reach our f( inner ])osition, a shell exploded in the ranks of Company K killing Corporal William Church and wounding privates James Monroe ITogaboom, and Clark H. r'utterfield and others slightly. Quite a number were stunned and thrown to the ground by the concussion of the exploding shell. Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown stopped to see what could be done for Corporal Church who he found dying on the ground. His body scattered about and others killed and injured in that immediate vicinity among which were Sergeant Major Henry H. Smith, killed and Lieutenant Colonel Wm. D. Munson. injured, and while Lieutenant Brown was on his knees endeavoring to assist his fallen comrade another shell likely from the same gun exploded directly over his head and pretty close and the concussion prostrated and stunned him but Brown was soon able to reach his company and take his position, but not able to stand, and yet he remained on the field until the battle was over and the regiment relieved and ordered to the rear. The shelling that the 13th received when returning to position was accurate and destructive, and it was miraculous almost that more were not killed and wounded. We reached the position from which we started on the charge about six o'clock some little time before the sun disappeared behind the distant mountains. The battle of the day was evidently over, nothing to indicate its renewal. Gneral Longstreet's batteries on our left still held their position and continued firing principally in the direction of the position ocupied by General Stannard's bri- gade as if seking revenge for their discomfiture and destruction of General Pick- ett's command that had proceeded from that locality. We were now again flat on the ground and having become quite familiar with the crack of giin and screech of exploding shell carefully watched the enemy and the direction of his firing to guard against needless exposure. We knew the battle was o\er and looked for no further assaults from across the valley. That apprehension of death and feeling of fear seemed to have left us while mingling with General Pickett's boys in the last desperate struggle for victory. We had been under fire for two days in the front lines and in the thickest of the fight of the culminating effort of General Lee to win the day. But few of our regiment had been killed or seriously wounded, and we were thankful and much elated by reason of the important positions we had been placed in. The courage evinced by our comrades and for the crucial opportunity of render- ing valuable service to our country at a time when most needed. The hopes deferred had returned, and we now began to think of home and friends and build again the castles of the future. Our hearts were sad because of the thousands slain strewn over the fields before us, and at the loss of dead com- rades that had fallen, but the struggle was over and there would be no more carnage and death on that field. We heard the roar of musketry and the booming of cannon in front of Little Round Top, and the charge and crash of arms when General Elon J. Farns- On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 315 worth led his brigade in which was the ist Vermont Cavalry over rocks and ditches and stonewalls all about them, against the solid battle lines of General Iver McLaw's brigade of infantry to death, knowing full well it was a forlorn hope and to no purpose, a mere demonstration against brigades of infantry protected behind stone walls and supported by General Longstreet's batteries. The battle was all over and General Lee had been vanquished and this charge was a useless sacrifice. It did not even divert attention from the main purpose of General Lee to capture Cemetery Hill and divide General Mead's army. This occurred at about seven p. m. It is said by Captain Parsons of the 1st Vermont Cavalry in his published article on this charge, (see Battle and Leaders of the Civil War, page 393) that before the charge was even ordered an orderly dashed by and in the presence of General Kilpatrick shouted, "We turned the charge, nine acres of prisoners." This in view of what was known at that hour, was ample notice of victory, and the charge by General Farnsworth ought not to have been made, is the criticism of well informed writers on this battle. As we lay on the groimd watching the moveemnts of receding battle lines of General Longstreet's divisions on his extreme right, their bayonets glistening in the last, rays of the setting sun, a battery to our front and left in plain sight re-opened fire against our then position as if they had discovered a line of blue behind stones just in front of a clump of bushes in the line of our rail fence breastwork now pretty much shot away. The author saw the first puff of smoke (all had been quiet in that direc- tion for some time) and then a shell whizzing and screeching passed directly over close to the ground where Captain George G. Blake of Company K, and the author lay with heads behind a good sized boulder as we thought secure against the random shots that now and then came smoking and screeching across ihe valley. From what I now know am of the opinion that the shells that came in our direction were from the same Washington battery that fired the signal guns that opened the artillery duel in the afternoon commanded by Major B. F. Eshleman and attached to General Longstreet's corps. My attention was with cor.:. SLAVTOX, CO. II, On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 317 before was occupied by our legs. It covered us with dirt as it passed exploding a few feet to our rear. Captain Blake exclaimed "Gosh, that was a close call." I thought so too and hugged the ground raising neither hand nor foot until that battery went out of business for the night. We examined the ground when it was prudent to do so and concluded had we not moved, our legs would have been cut off, and we numbered among the dead. This incident before referred to shows how near Captain Blake and the author came to losing their legs and lives at Gettysburg. Swanton, Vt., August, 1907. The above mentioned incident as to probable loss of legs and lives by Private Sturtevant and myself is still fresh in memory, and the time and cir- cumstances were as above described. It has been a frequent topic spoken of when referring to close calls and hairbreadth escapes at Gettysburg. GEORGE G. BLAKE, Captain of Co. K. 13th Regiment, \'t. Vols. As soon as it was dark enough so there was no danger from sharp shooters we begun to look up the casualties in our regiment during the battle. I presume the number mentioned in Benedict's History of Vermont in the Civil War, Vol. 2, page 487 is correct as to persons, and yet believe that quite a number who were wounded were deemed at the time so slight that no mention was made of it in the reported list that was procured that evening on the battlefield. A full and complete list of the dead and so far as known the wounded, will appear in the Roster in this book, which I have no doubt will be more complete than any heretofore published. As soon as the battle was over and darkness fell on the field and the count- ing up the dead, wounded and missing and talking over some of the more thrilling incidents and exciting scenes, suddenly the thought flashed on my mind what of my cousin Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant of Company E, 14th Ver- mont with whom I had the interview just before the cannonading in the after- noon. I wondered now if his premonitions of death had proven a reality. I could not wait and hastened to the 14th to ascertain if dead or alive. Just before reaching his company I met some of his tentmates that were then on their way to find me. They took me only a few steps further and there on the ground as he fell was the mangled body of my cousin W. C. Sturtevant having been shot through the breast by a solid shot or a shell. His comrades told me that he fell just as the regiment rose to take part in the advance against General Pickett's charge, being instantly killed. Only about three hours after his most remarkable conversation and lamentable expressions of premonitions of death on that field. Whatever may be thought concerning warnings of future events, in this case at least there was a perfect fulfilment of what Corporal Sturtevant told me about one o'clock that afternoon. His comrades, Lieut. Andrew J. Childs and others, said that up to the very moment of his death he had showed as much courage and bravery as any one among them, and therefore it was not fear that had awakened and firmly impressed him with death on that field. All I.IKCT. HIRAM Pl-.UKI.X^, Cu. 11, 1863. LIEUT. VVALTKR A. PHILI,I1'^. CO. H, SERGT. CHARLES R. WHITE, CO. II, 1862. SERt.T. CH.\KLES R. WHITE. CO. H, 1903- On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 319 had reason to apprehend sudden death at any moment, and many thousands were there slain, and on General Pickett's charge more than 2,000 fell in thirty minutes. One of the inspiring and encouraging sights on that field was the dash of General Hancock coming down the line near us followed by a single aide or orderly — the front line where General Stannard stood which was at that moment immediately in the rear of the battle line of the 13th regiment. We saw him coming and we knew who he was for we had seen him many times during the battle. He was shot while conversing with General Stannard by a sharp shooter as was said. General Stannard and his aides Benedict and Hooker and Lieu- tenant S. S. Morey of Company K and E, 13th regiment, and perhaps others nearby assisted General Hancock from his foaming charger to the ground and there he lay during Pickett's charge watching and giving orders to General Stannard and other Generals in the Second and Third corps then under his command. General Stannard had given the order to move out on General Pickett's flank only a moment before the arrival of General Hancock. No braver man or better fighter or more perfect speciman of manly beauty and soldierly appearance took part on that field than General Wilfield S. Hancock. This sight and scene was so indelibly impressed that it is as vivid now as then. While Colonel Veazey with the i6th was charging against the left flank of Wilcox and Perry's brigades General Stannard was wounded in the leg, but did not leave the field until the battle was over and his brigade relieved from the front line. General Stannard was continuously with his brigade and much of the time near the 13th regiment which was on the right of his brigade, and we of the 13th therefore saw him often as he moved from place to place as duty prompted apparently without fear, as cool and deliberate as if on dress parade or brigade drill. He, General Stannard, showed like prowess and in- tuitive genius to command as his prototype Ethan Allen of Ticonderoga fame. We of the 2nd Vermont Brigade were proud of him as a commander and because of his quick foresight and prompt action on Pickett's flank that secured to him great credit and honor to the Green Mountain State, and military renown, and the Green Mountain Boys that he led unstinted praise for their valiant con- duct displayed, and services rendered in meeting and vanquishing the flower of General Lee's magnificent army in his last and final effort in which was centered all his hopes and ambition, (commanded too by Generals Pickett, Pettigrew and Trimble) confident they would scale the ramparts of Cemetery Ridge and close the day with a great victory. Distinguished officers of both armies who witnessed Pickett's famous charge, give the credit to General Stannard and the Vermonters in saving the day and putting to flight the hitherto unconquered army of Northern Virginia. The 13th Vermont was first and last on General Pickett's right flank and received the surrender of the heroic survivors of Pickett's division, that day commanded by the brave General Garnet. This decisive battle secured to the army of the Potomac world-wide renown and much glory, and Historians have with high praise awarded to General Stannard's 2nd Vermont Brigade the immortal glory of victory in the decisive and turning battle of the Civil War. It was long after dark when orders came to move back to the reserve lines for SKRGT. ClI.\KLi:s M. MCNU'.UT, C(J. II, 1862. CORP. DORXIAX COXXER, CO. H, 1862. SKRCT. THOMAS J. SLAYTON, CO. H, SERGT. KDWIX CIDWORTII, CO. H, 1862. I861. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 321 refreshment and sleep. We were given a position directly back and over the crest near the Taneytown pike in an apple orchard and near a large barn and told we could lie down and sleep. Rations did not come, but sleep did, and though now we were very hungry and thirsty every one laid down where he was and soon were sleeping the sleep of the victorious. The lightening flashed, the thunder roared and the rain poured down and drenched us, and still we slept on until morning. All were exhausted, sleep was a necessity, the flash of lightning and roar and rattle of thunder and drenching rain disturbed us not. It was the first night's sound sleep we had had since we broke camp on the banks of the Occoquan nine days before. The morning of the 4th of July was dark and the rain fell .is if the clouds had burst and though there was running water on the ground and sheets of rain falling fast upon us, many still slept on till awakened by the occasional shell that came over screeching and cracking in the air just above us. While but little attention was now paid to bursting shell or the sharp shooters' deadly bullets that hissed as they passed, all were soon up and astir to learn the news and look for the promised hard tack and coffee. There was plenty of water in every little hole, rivulet and brook with which we quenched our thirst and filled our canteens, though every body from rank and file to commander had been without regular rations for days, and there was much suffering about us, and thousands of our brave had fallen, not a murmur or any grumbling was heard, stoically and patiently waited for the commissariat to appear. Aides were flying over the field from headquarters to headquarters, officers attended with their quite numerous staff were passing to and fro, the musical notes of the calls of artillery and cavalry from Round Top to Gulp's Hill resounded on the morning air. Ambulances rapidly moving out on the field and slowly and carefully returning laden with precious anguishing lives on their way to the many field hospitals, that the dangerously and mortally wounded might have immediate attention. Squads of soldiers armed with mattock and spade slowly and silently marched out on the field where strewn with the dead, to cover over, in shallow trenches all that remained of the immortal heroes that had fallen in battle. The great struggle was over and the news of victory had already filled the land, and every loyal heart was animated with new courage and devotion and pulsated with pride and exhultation that the rebellious enemy of the Govern- ment and the Union, had been defeated at Gettysburg, and General Lee and what was left of his great army were on the retreat down the valley of the Cumberland to the fords of the Potomac at Williamsport and Falling Waters to escape up the valley by the Shennandoah and avoid capture and destruction. Deep sorrow filled our hearts because our dear comrades, relatives and friends had been slain, and yet mortal man cannon tell how thankful were the survivors that the awful struggle was over and victory secured. We could now see in the near future, prospect of peace, and every face beamed with joy, every tongue sounded the praises of his comrades that had been brave and strong during the long days of continuous fighting. Officers praised their commands and the rank and file heartily cheered in response. The stars and stripes waived from every regiment and battery on hill and in valley, everywhere on the field occupied by the soldiers of the Union army. All were now more than thankful for what had been acomplished. ^ JX SERGT. THEODORE STOW^ CO. II, 1862. ^KKiVI'. TIIKoDiiKJ-: STOW, C'l. H. 1905. f ^ '. SERCT. FREDERICK CORLISS, CO. H, 1862. CORP. .\\DRi:\V J. SL.WTO.V, CO. H, 1905- On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 323 The army of the Potomac were having a new experience, celebrating on this anniversary' of National existence its first and only signal victory, and we of the Green Mountain State were happy because we had been transferred from the defences of Washington and assigned to the army of the Potomac and thus fortunately participating in the campaign and battle of Gettysburg, and were thankful that we had been so placed on the field of battle as to contribute conspicuous service in securing the great victory. General Stannard's brigade fully justified and demonstrated the propriety and fitness of raw volunteers for the most arduous and exacting duties of a soldier in active warfare, especially when manor born, on the hills and in the valleys of the old Green Mountain State. It was about nine o'clock in the fore- noon of July 4th when we saw loaded wagons approaching on the Taneytown Road, and they brought us rations which were quickly distributed and all now had a royal feast of hard tack and rain water. It was good and we were thankful and heartily cheered the assistant quartermaster as he halted his wagons in front of our brigade. The fighting was over and an unusual craving for food seemed to prevail among all. I doubt if any of the 13th had much of anything to eat for more than two days. I recall the fact of extreme hunger on this morning after the battle, and have no recollection of any distribution of rations until then, after reaching Gettysburg. It is true many of us had bought and otherwise obtained Maryland bread and milk and pies and cakes all the way from Frederick City to Gettysburg. The rush for hard tack on the arrival of commissary wagons in- dicated the pressing desire for food. During the forenoon details from the several companies were made up to go in search for and bring in and bury those of our brigade that had fallen in battle. This was a sad and solemn duty, but none hesitated to respond. The dead lay scattered over the field where they fell and the black and bloated condition of the corpses made it diffi- cult to recognize in all cases unless an intimate comrade, and no one was re- moved until fully identified. Those of the 13th were buried near the position now occupied by us on a slight elevation, near a stone wall at the south end of an apple orchard near us. We buried them as they were, without removing their clothing, covering them over with their blankets, for shrouds and cofiins, and then sacredly and carefully filling the shallow graves with mother earth. The solemn rites of the battlefield were observed, though we expected all would be removed soon to their homes, and so far as I know, all of the 13th regiment among the slain were found and taken home for final burial. Each grave of our comrades buried at Gettysburg was rudely marked with inscription of name of com- pany and regiment and date of death carved on a cartridge box cover or pieces of boards from hard tack boxes that their remains might be found, should occasion require it. The author was with the squad that brought from the field and buried. Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant of Company E, 14th regiment. The temporary monument that marked his grave was a cartridge box cover on which I carefully cut with my jack knife, name, company, regiment and date of death, which marker was taken with his remains to his home in Wey- bridge, Vt., and by his mother affectionately cherished during a long life and CORP. wii.i.iA.M II. uiirn:, en. n. 1 86 1. CORP. WILLIAM (I. WIIITL, CO. II, 1900. CORP. WILLI.SM II. IT.KTCHKR, CO. H, 1866. CORP. \VILLI.\M II. I-LKTCHER, CO. II, 1902. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 325 by her delivered to me the last time I saw her, which marker is now sacredly cared for as one of the precious mementoes of my army life. The rest of the day was spent in writing letters home to relatives and anxious friends and talking over the incidents of the battle, the horrid sights where the most desperate fighting took place, the probable conduct and loca- tion of the enemy, the prospect of immediate pursuit, the number killed and wounded and whether General Lee would reach Virginia with his army. Com- pany comrades and tentmates were listening to thrilling stories of brave and desperate deeds performed during the battle. Each was sure he had killed an officer, and a dozen or more of the enemy. All had been heroic and had seen numerous officers and those of the rank and file fall thick and fast as volley after volley was poured into General Pickett's approaching battle lines. It was impossible for any one to know the precise result of his aim and firing. The general result of the firing of the 13th regiment being mostly at short range was fatal and many fell, during our rapid and indiscriminate firing. We aimed low and the compact front before us in dead and wounded was fearful. Most of the boys abandoned the idea of certain knowledge of killing any one. Our regiment was pretty quiet all day of the 4th of July. The excitement of battle was over and a relapse followed, and we now began to realize how ex- hausted and worn out all were. The army of the Potomac had been on the march for some eighteen days before reaching Gettysburg, and while still on the march a battle was pre- cipitated and commenced at day light July ist by General Ambrose P. Hill's corps atacking General Buford's cavalry, and under such circumstances, it could not be otherwise that all had been urged to the limit of physical endur- ance. Not a regiment on the morning of July ,4th in a condition to move out across the field to an attack, much less to pursue a wail'.ng and slow retreating and now revengful army. General Lee's batteries still in position on the crest of Seminary Ridge were a significant warning that though defeated, the army was not demoralized and routed and were waiting and expecting to be attacked, and did not in fact as stated by General Longstreet take up the line of march homeward until late in the night of July 4th. The tremendous storm of lightening, thunder and rain during the late afternoon and evening of July 4th likely delayed them. General Lee's army was in better condition for fighting on the morning of July 4th than General Mead's, for it had been resting among the mountains before the battle, and the whole Cumberland valley had been requisitioned and both man and beast had plenty to eat. If all the regiments were as thoroughly worn out and faint with hunger as the 13th Vermont (and there is no reason why) then it is certain it would have been madness to have assumed the aggressive on the morning of July 4tn charged up the slopes of Seminary Ridge into the face of 150 cannon in posi- tion ready to fire grape and canister into the ranks of any that might attack them. General Mead had won a great, important and significant victory, and the judgment that resisted the temptation to pursue, placed him among the first CORP. SII.AS JolIXSdX, l(). 11, 1863. i'ki;]:ma.\ wilshn. co. h, iqo6. JOHN TROWNII.I.K, CO. H, 1900. ALFKKD \V. Wl'.r.r., CO. II, 1904. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 327 Generals of modern times and at the head of the commanders of the army of the Potomac. We fixed up our cotton tents as best we could, but the wind and rain during the afternoon and night of July 4th was so severe they furnished us but little protection, and in the morning we were drenched to the skin. A cool breeze came from the west, and the morning sun soon dried our clothes and all were now very much refreshed and quite well prepared for any duty. Rumors were rife that the whole army would soon be on the move to intercept General Lee before he could cross the Potomac. While there was much about us to justify the rumors afloat, the army remained in position dur- ing the 5th of July except cavalry that was pressing forward, and the 6th corps under General Sedgwick moved out on the Hagerstown Road during the day of the 5th to find Fairfield Pass strongly fortified and a large force of Lee's army present. A general move of the army commenced on the morning of the 6th of July in hot pursuit, and our brigade now commanded by Colonel Randall took up the line of march across the field where we had our most desperate fighting with Generals Pickett, Pettigrew, Tremble, Wilcox and Perry's division during the last hours of the day of July 3rd, passing the Peach Orchard near where we struck the Emmitsburg Pike followed the crest along which Longstreet's artil- lery had been located, passing on our left the places since named, the Slaughter Pen and Devil's Den, little and big Round Tops and over the field where General Lafayette McLaws and John B. Hood's division of Longstreet's corps had the desperate fighting on the afternoon of July 2nd to capture Little Round Top and against General Sickle's flank and then westerly through fields and over Willoughby and Marsh Run to the same road that had brought us to Gettysburg on the ist of July, reaching Emmitsburg about mid-day and halted for dinner and rest where we bivouacked for the night. We had not been urged on this day's march as when marching to Gettysburg, and we had marched only some twelve miles and were in very good condition for we were rested and now had plenty of hard tack and coffee and all were in high spirits, for we the victors were in pursuit of the vanquished which made quite a difference in our feelings and more, we knew our time would be out on the loth, and we should soon be on our way to Vermont and home. Those of our regiment that were counted after the battle as missing (most of them) came straggling in after the fighting was over, and before we left Gettysburg. Quite a number of these fell out on the last day's march to Gettys- burg overcome with heat and fatigue and faint because of thirst and hunger, and some when we first heard the roar of cannon were suddenly stricken with symptoms of cannon fever, and could not march any further in the direction of the battlefield, and some even after arriving at Gettysburg when looking for water wandered too far away and lost themselves behind trees, fences and walls and the banks of the brooks and forgot to find themselves and return until after the fighting was all over. John Mollo and Jerry Vincelette of Company K were prostrated with heat and fear on the charge at sundown of the second day, and Silas Mozier, of Com- pany K during the severest of the cannonading of the last day became so MARCUS AlNSWiiIMII. Cn. II. 1862. I.FANDER KIRBY, CO. H 1904. lAKS. CU. U, On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 329 excited and bewildered that he charged to the rear (instead of to the front) in good time, throwing his gun as he ran and returned on the morning we started on the march in pursuit of the retreating enemy without a scratch or even a bullet hole through his cap, but he had on a new uniform which had evidently been exchanged with a dead soldier. Similar examples of dastardly conduct were rumored from other companies, perhaps without foundation, and only two or three of Company K lacked sufficient courage to face mortal danger until the end. Those of Company K thus afHicted were born in Canada and of French descent, and yet nearly all of French descent in Co. K, were good fellows and as brave and loyal as any in the regiment. The only desertions from Co. K were Yankee born, two; one at Brattleboro the next day after muster in, and the other after a long sickness when weak in body and mind. There were, so far as I know or ever heard of, no native born cowards in the 13th Vermont Regiment. Likely it is true that now and then a person found it physically impossible to face impending danger like a charge against belching cannon, and for such the common soldier who has experienced the desperate charge has much sym- pathy. We had one soldier (who had disgraced the uniform he wore) and in extenuation of his conduct said that "I had rather be a live coward than a dead hero." Few of this kind were found in the ranks of Vermont soldiers. We left Emmitsburg early on the morning of the 7th in good marching condition, buoyant with hope that we might intercept General Lee's army before it crossed the Potomac, for it was said that the heavy rain had so flooded the Potomac that it was imposible to cross at the fords. Our line of march this day was south down the jMonocacy valley over the same roads that we hurried north on the week before and then west over the Catoctin mountain on our way to Middletown, Maryland. The roads were muddy and part of the way blocked with moving troops of infantry, cavalry and artillery, making progress very slow and tiresome a part of the way. The march over the mountain of six miles was a hard one, and part of the time in the rain. We must have marched more than thirty miles this day before stopping for the night, and some were not able to keep up and did not reach camp until morning. It was the longest day's march by us made on this campaign. We bivouacked on the west slope of the mountain and near its base, in an open and very uneven field of pasture land near the highway. It was long after dark when our regiment received orders to halt for the night. The boys tried to build fires to make coiTee, but the rain had left everything so wet a quick fire was impossible, and hard tack with hot coffee was a little late, but it was good and now we had plenty. All were tired and as soon as we could arrange our shelter tents, laid down on the wet ground with a rubber blanket beneath and a cotton shelter tent over head and soon were sound in sleep regardless of the storm that burst against the mountain side during the night. The night was hot and the rain warm, and some who lay in shallow hollows were awakened by a flood of water that came down the mountain dashing and tumbling and running over and about us, even into the ears, and mouths of some, compelling a change to more elevated ground. It was Egyptian darkness and only by the rapid flash of lightning could we see in what direction it was safe to move. It so happened that Captain 1^ KDVVARl) K. AISTIN, I'D. 11, 1868. f'DU AUD 1;. Al SIIX. ID. H, 1907. EzivKiEL i'ii:uti:. c(j. ri. 1862. I-'KKGIS CANNON. CO. II. 1880. On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 331 Blake and myself slept this night beneath the same shelter tent, and before we were aware of it water was running over our feet but this was nothing com- pared to what we had endured, and the danger if any was to those down in the valley. All were drenched with water, our boots and shoes were full. We paid but little attention to this inconvenience and made hasty preparation for breakfast which for a change consisted of rain water, coffee, hard tack and raw pork, Some, however, with a sharp pointed stick broiled their salt [lork in the slow blazing spitting fire and smoke. It was better this way, though black with smoke and begrimed with ashes. Notwithstanding our clothes were soaked with the rain of the night and previous day, the boys were happy, full of fun and cracking jokes, telling funny stories and relating some of the ex- periences recently passed through at Gettysburg. The missing during the battle who were now back in the ranks listened in silence wlien any reference made to Pickett's charge, and I am sure regretted sincerely their absence in this important crisis of our seryice and the war. The weather cleared and the sun appeared, though late, for we were on the west side of the mountain and near its base, but it was unusually welcome on this morning for in its warm rays our belongings could be dried, and our knapsacks packed for the march of that day. Rumor said the waters of the Potomac were high and that General Lee's army could not cross, and there was expectation of fighting, and we were to start for Boonsboro over south Moun- tain, through Turner's Gap with the rest of the infantry now in the vicinity of Middletown. This rumor of following up Lee's army did not meet with very hearty ap- proval by the 13th regiment, for we knew our time would be out on the loth and that there was no pressing need for our regiment to remain in pursuit longer. The 12th regiment whose time expired on the 4th uf July had been detached and sent home and there seemed no good reason why the 13th should not follow, and all expected an order to that effect would be received before the loth of July. It was true, however, that the regiment would, to a man volunteered to remain as long as there was urgent demand or any danger from General Lee's army. It was generally believed that General Lee having reached the Potomac with his whole army which was not demoralized and had fortified, he would be able to cross on pontoon bridges if the water remained too high for fording, and that there was no probability of another general battle north of the Potomac. General Lee would fight no more battles away from home unless attacked. He had had a new experience and learned an important lesson. It was nine o'clock before we started on the march down the steep mountain road and as we hastened were as happy, gay and musical as boys could be who had proven themselves heroic and victorious in battle, and now were on their way home conscious of performing the full measure of duty during the time of their service. We soon reached the beautiful little village of Middletown, Maryland, nestled beneath the slopes of the Catoctin mountain in the lovely and fertile valley between the Catoctin and South Mountain and as we had ample reason to believe the homes of brave men and women loyal to the stars and stripes, for from many a window and house top waved the stars and stripes we had volunteered to defend. The porches and front rilOMAS MUUWAV, Cii. u KP4- CHARLES O. ESTK?, Cn. 11, TIIKODDKI'. M. Sl.AVinN. CD. 11, 1863. THEODOKK M. SLAVTDN. i-i). II, 1908. In Pursuit of General Lee and His I 'anguished Army. 333 yards of tlie 'houses and streets were crowded with lovely girls and beauti- ful women who greeted us on every hand with waving handkerchiefs and banners, enticing smiles, patriotic songs and hearty cheers. These gaily dressed girls reminded us of those over the mountain in Adamstown that captivated our hearts when we were on our way up the valley of the Monocacy to Fred- erick City in search of the army of Northern Virginia only a few days before. We marched through the village and a mile or two beyond into an open meadow field commanding a beautiful and extensive view of the country for miles around. The Catoctin and South Mountains loomed up to the east and west and to the north and south, and as far as the eye could see were cultivated fields and farm buildings indicating thrift and contentment. We reached this posi- tion during the forenoon and were ordered to rest and prepare for dinner. No one found fault with this order for the march of the previous day down the valley and over the mountain in rain and mud thirty miles had told on our endurance almost to the limit, and we were thankful for the much needed rest. The valley seemed filled with troops on the move and we were informed the Sixth corps was near by to the north and west, having just arrived. In this corps was the first or old Verrhont brigade, and many of our relatives and friends were there, and many hastened for permission to go and see them, and many did, and quite a large number from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th regi- ments visited our camp while here during the afternoon of July 8th. The old veterans and yet many were boys under twenty, had fought under Little Mac as they called him in the Peninsular Campaign and at Antietam, and at Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville under Burnside and Hooker, and we welcomed them as the heroes of many battles and were right glad to see them again, for we too now, could boast of duty done in battle. They heartily congratulated us on the record we had made at Gettysburg. The author was one of quite a large delegation that visited the camp of the old brigade, especially to see his brother of Company C, 5th Vermont Regiment. Rumor said that this was our last camp and that orders had been received to detach the 13th regiment from the brigade and send it to Vermont to be mustered out. Hucksters from Middletown village passed through our camp with well filled baskets of lucious berries and cherries, pies and cakes, which were tempt- ing to all, but few only, could buy because our green backs and scrip were pretty much spent on the march to Gettysburg. We could not borrow of our comrades, for they too were short, and it would not now do "to adopt the requisition plan without pay, and besides the inhabitants here were loyal and their rights must not be infringed upon. Even Hi Smith, Jim Burns, Dick, Hatch or Ed. Curry of Company K did not attempt to appropriate from the women and children that peddled in our camp. We were furnished by the commissariat hard tack and other rations in abundance of good quality, and there was no occasion now to even buy and no possible excuse for stealing, and none did steal. The rumor of being detached was soon verified by Colonel Randall who came riding in among his regiment, having turned over the command of the brigade to Colonel Veazey of the i6th regiment. There was no longer doubt as ADO.NIKAM U'DSDX STOXK, CO. II, 1863. ADOXIKAM jfDSON STON.E, CO. H, i8q8. SETH A. MOOKi;. CO. H, 1862. w Ai. 11:1; i;l KKi;, CO. II, 1862. In Pursuit of General Lee and His Vanquished Army. 335 to the direction of our next day's march. Late in the afternoon came orders to be ready -to march early the next morning over the mountain to Frederick City and to Monocacy Junction to take cars for Baltimore. Every face now beamed with hope and every tongue spoke words of joy because of the welcome news that the next day's march would find us on our way home where we knew an affectionate welcome awaited our coming. Our camp was soon a lively scene, for the boys of the 14th, 15th and i6th came to bid us good by, and good luck, and expressed the hope they would soon follow. We now speedily closed the hastily written letters with the news that we were on the way home. Our knapsacks were now packed with care, our haversacks supplied with rations for the long anticipated journey. The veteran boys of the old brigade having learned of our home going came in squads to congratulate us on our record made at Gettysburg and to send messages home and bid us farewell, and at the same time expressing encourag- ing prospects that the war would soon be over. General Lee had met his first. Waterloo, and was disappointed and humili- ated, and his valiant army had experienced its first real and substantial defeat, and were now endeavoring to escape across the Potomac up the Shennandoah Valley through the Blue Ridge Gaps across the Rappahannock into the valley of Northern Virginia back home to rest, reflect and plan for the future. The boys of the old brigade ardently expressed high hopes that they too would soon be marching home. That last afternoon and evening of camp life was full of hope, joy and recurring anticipations of plans made before we volunteered. The uncertainties of war during the previous nine months had firmly held in obeyance all hope of realization of laudable and ambitious plans so ardently cherished before we decided to serve our country as soldiers. Now as we were about to leave the army and return to civil life new questions came rushing in for consideration ; ought we to re-enlist and continue in the service until peace was declared, or having served our full term of enlistment and rendered faithful and valuable service could we say that we had experienced the hardships and dangers of strenuous warfare and performed our duty to country and justify returning to the fulfilment of individual preparation for the responsibilities of civil life. The subject of future action had often been a topic of conversation and some had said they should re-enlist but nearly all preferred to return home and then decide. All must remember how happy we were that last evening in camp, how the army songs rang out with unusual spirit and emotion, with what zeal and feeling the whole regiment sang "John Brown's body is marching on." We were for a moment lost to every thought and care of the gory fields of Gettysburg, and the struggles for victory and restoration of the Union, thinking now only of home and its associations. The song, jest, and merry laugh and animated conversation awakened the sentiment of anticipations so long dormant, and renewed the hope of all, officers and rank and file alike. This night in camp was unlike any we had experienced, unusual buoyancy and gladness pervaded every heart and we laid down for rest and sleep anxious for the coming day. There was much moving of troops and commotion about during the night indicating a general advance of the armv, but we knew our next march would be toward the Green Hills and MAKiTs i)i:.Mi:Kn'. cci. u, IIJOJ. Rcturnimj Home from the li'ar. 337 fertile valleys of our native state, and we slept on, dreaming of loved ones left behind inlpatiently waiting our return. It was not expected at this time that General Lee and his army could be captured or hindered from crossing the Potomac, and nothing further of any importance in this campaign was likely to be accomplished, and therefore we of the 13th had no particular desire to follow in the wake of t'-'e retreating army of General Lee. Before the morning sun began to light up the eastern sky the boys were up making preparations for breakfast and for the march over Catoctin Moun- tain to Frederick City and then to Monocacy Junction to take the cars for Baltimore homeward bound. The hour for breaking camp was fixed at seven o'clock in the morning and all planned accordingly. Knapsacks were carefully looked over, arranged and packed for the homeward march, haversacks were filled with rations, our uniforms, straps and guns cleaned and brushed up as best we could under the circumstances. We were at this time a pretty seedy, dirty, hard looking set of soldiers, and our pride was aroused now that we were to journey through Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, New Haven and then up the Connecticut valley, through Springfield where we saw so many pretty girls when on our way to Washington in October before, and we did our best to improve our appearance. We had been on the march and in battle for fifteen days in sunshine and storm, mud and dust, camping down on the ground wherever overtaken by night, no oportunity or time to wash up or change underwear, sleeping all dressed ready to respond at a moment's warning to the long roll or the roll call, and it is no wonder that some of the boy's fouid grey backs, (body lice) on their persons at the end of the march, but we were soon rid of these busy crawling, biting grey backs, and then we could sleep in peace. Some of us left our underwear behind for it was too much alive for use or comfort. It was quite a common thing to find grey backs and woodticks on our person, and it was no disgrace, but to keep them was. The, morning meal was finished, knapsacks packed ready to be thrown across the shoulders and strapped and buckled on, haversacks and canteens well supplied and all were ready long before the hour more anxious than ever to take up the line of march. It was a lovely morning, and the hills and moun- tains that held the valley and the thousands of soldiers moving westward over the mountain towards Sharpsburgh and Boomsboro and where the army of Northern Virginia were held at bay by the high waters of the Potomac in front and General Mead's menacing army in the rear. All made an inspiring and attractive sight and the boys expressed the wish to follow the old Ver- mont brigade as it passed us on its way in pursuit, thinking there was some probability of capture of General Lee and his army, and were desirous of being present at the surrender that some believed at hand. We had to retrace our steps back near Middletown in order to reach the national road leading easterly over the Catoctin Mountain to Frederick City and by so doing we met the old \'ermont Brigade now commanded by General Louis A. Grant who had been dubbed by the boys who loved and admired him and his heroic courage as "Aunt Lydia." They were on their way over South uK\ l^ I'. K' l^ i,i,>, ro. u, 1862. Rri-TS II. SI.ANTiiN. to. II 1864. AIRA lA I'liKI). CO. II, lX()_'. Returning Home from the War. 339 Mountain through Turner's Gap to Boonsboro and the valley of Antietam then filled with General Lee's army waiting to cross the Potomac. Our friends in the old brigade congratulated us because so soon again to see the green hills of Vermont and home and friends and by us they sent mesages to their friends. We waited for them to pass and then marched in the opposite direction through Middletown village ascending the mountain some miles east of Middletown. And this march was over and not through any natural gap in the mountain. The road over had been made at great expense and with care, and in the ascent run along the mountain side quite a number of miles gradually ascending before reaching the top in order to make a pass- able highway. As we ascended from the valley a grand panoramic view con- tinuously passed before us changing and expanding as we climbed the mountain side. The valley that we had just left in addition to being dressed in Nature's best was now covered with a great army in camp and moving cavalry, infantry and artillery and white cotton covered wagons loaded with supplies, parked here and there in the valley below moving across and up and down towards Harper's Ferry. We reached the top about noon and there we were halted for rest and refreshment. It had been a long hard climb, the weather was hot and our progress was slow meeting troops hurrying forward in pursuit of General Lee's army. We rested for about an hour and though on our way home were slow to leave the attractive scenes of the valley, streams and moun- tains behind. As we looked southwest down and across the valley not more than twenty miles as the crow flies was Harper's Ferry, Va.. situated on the Peninsula made by the Potomac and the Shennandoah rivers in and among the mountains of Blue Ridge. We could see and tell its location by Maryland, Louden and Boliver Heights which loomed up to view and then and there in- voluntarily the book of memory opened and we began to read some of its more important history. And first, and the most far reaching in its consequences in relation to humanity and national crime was American Slavery, the doom of which was hastened by the thrilling episode connected with John Brown, who on the 17th of October, 1859, with his sons, five negroes and others entered Harper's Ferry, seized the LTnited States Armory and Arsenal with the devowed purpose of freedom to the colored race held in bondage. The overt and foolish act inspired by John Brown, a brave, heroic- and courageous man because of his solicitude for his fellowmen in bondage aroused suddenly the nation and in fact was the first gun fired that precipitated and hastened the war of the Rebellion and accomplished what John Brown sought to do, the freedom of the slaves and destruction of American Slavery. A strange coincidence occurred here on this momentous occasion. Colonel Robert E. Lee, Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart then ofiicers in the regular army of the United States were hastened from Washington to Harper's Ferry to sup- press a reported insurrection and protect government property. Colonel R. E. Lee and Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart became later the most distinguished and able Generals of the Confederate army. They led the attack that resulted in the death of two of John Brown's sons and others, and the hanging of John Brown on December 2nd, 1859'. To the everlasting credit of Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart it can be said he endeavored to convince John Brown of the utter folly CIIARI.K? ADAMS. 1,'u. H 1895. Returning Home from the War. 341 of his mission and urged him to surrender and avoid capture by force and the shedding of blood. While the fire still burned among the ruins of Fort Sumter a plan was consummated at Richmond to capture the Arsenal and its contents and shops at Harper's Ferry on the i8th of April, 1861. General Harper in command of the state militia by the direction of Governor Letcher marched in and took possession of the Arsenal, work shops and their contents. And it was here in the first week of Alay, 1861, that Thomas J. Jackson after- wards called Stonewall Jackson first appeared on the theatre of actual warfare and took charge of his first command which was Virginia militia, and here too Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart, the greatest of cavalry leaders of the army of Virginia and Confederate forces, received his first command as Lieutenant Col- onel, and was here assigned to his first duty by General Jackson (Stonewall Jack- son) in May, 1861. It was at the battle of First Bull Run that General Jackson was given the sobriquet of Stonewall Jackson by General Lee because his brigade stood as solid as a stonewall when General Lee's troops were fleeing in fear to the rear of a stone bridge. This name passed from the brigade to its commander and he was ever after called Stonewall Jackson. Harper's Ferry was the scene of early active operations of both Federal and Rebel forces being on the Potomac that was the natural as well as the political boundry lines between the loyal and the so called Rebel States. General Joseph P. Johnston came to Harper's Ferry in May, 1861, and took command, and here Johnston and Jackson remained organizing an army until the battle of First Bull Run, July 21, 1861, and it was from this vicinity that they hastened to General Beauregard's assistance to save the day and win the battle of First Bull Run, or battle of Manassas, as called by Confederate His- torians. Harper's Ferry again loomed up into much controversal importance because of the surrender by Colonel Dixon S. Miles soon after General Pope's defeat at Second Bull Run battle August 29th, 30th and 31st, curiously enough by circumstances the 9th Vermont having been hastily enrolled, organized and sent to Washington were within thirty days from muster into the L^nited States service placed on the front line near Winchester, Virginia midst the scenes of most strenuous ofTensive, manoeuvering and operations on the part of Colonel Lee following his victory over General McClellan on the Peninsula before Richmond. General White in whose command was the 9th \'ermont on the approach of General Lee's army on orders retreated from Winchester to Harper's Ferry and here because of neglect of General McClellan again in command of the army of the Potomac were General White and Colonel Miles with their com- mands left until surrounded by the advance of General Lee's army, and were rather disgracefully surrendered by Colonel Dixon S. Miles to the great disgust of Colonel Stannard and his regiment. Some of the ist Vermont Cavalry fought their way out and Colonel Stannard would have done the same if given per- mission. The battle of Antietam, fought immediately after this surrender ofifered no consolation to the \'ermonters of the 9th then on their way across Maryland to a parole camp at Annapolis. Maryland. ISAM KI.MI;AI.L, (.11. II. 1862. CORP. DORM.W LONNKKS. CO. 11. 1861. Returning Home from the War. 343 Colonel Stannard was mad because Colonel Miles surrendered and would not allow him an opportunity to attempt to fight his way out of Harper's Ferry. The boys of the 13th were quite familiar with all that had occurred in and about Harper's Ferry from John Brown's invasion to free the slaves held in bondage down to the time we were on the top of the Cotoctin Mountain watch- ing the moving troops in the direction of Harper's Ferry to intercept General Lee's army from crossing the Potomac and reaching Virginia, hoping at least that this campaign would be so disastrous as to end the war. We had heard how Colonel Miles surrendered and what General Stannard then Colonel of the 9th said to him on the occasion, and we were sorry that our brave commander had been wounded at Gettysburg and was not present with his brigade march- ing now towards Harper's Ferry. All these incidents passed rapidly through our minds as we sat on the mountain top on that noon day, July 9th, 1863, lunching from our haversacks on our way to Fredericks City and Monocacy Junction. It was no wonder that when the order came to fall in the boys all along the line involuntarily commenced to sing the familiar lines "John Brown's body lies moulding in the grave," as it seemed to me with more fervor and great emotion than ever before. Harper's Ferry was less than twenty miles away and the gentle wind from the southwest that floated over among us seemed to be still laden with an inspira- tion of dauntless courage and solicitude for those in bondage of this grand old man who suffered martyrdom on an ignominous scaffold at Charlestown, Va., December 2nd, 1859. John Brown was indicted and tried for murder and treason, but in the broader sense he was not guilty of either. Men of like mould who were not afraid to die and were willing to lay down life on the altar of right saved the Union in its mighty struggle for existence. The author has no desire to burden the reader with opinions that are remote from the subject at hand. We continued our march across the mountain and down its eastern slopes in a zig zag course to the valley below arriving at Fred- ericks City, Maryland late in the afternoon. We marched into the city by the same road that we had marched out ten days before on our way north. Just before we reached the city, perhaps a mile outside, a rumor run through the regiment that the same sweet singer that sang patriotic songs in our camp while at East Capitol Hill, Washington, D. C, and who sang as you must remember a piece which ended in the chorus "From many a spire in Richmond" had been convicted as a spy and was now hanging by the neck to a tree nearby. It was intimated at the time that he was in our camp he might be a spy, and some of us who remembered him well and what was said and who listened to him, bought his songs and sent them home, were curious enough to fall out and go into the open fields some sixty rods back from the road where stood a large apple tree where it was said he was still hanging, to investigate and see if the fellow who had been caught and found guilty as a spy the day before was really the same fellow. Quite a number went out to see, the author with the rest. We found a man dressed in citizen's clothes on the ground, a rope around his neck, but some one had cut the rope by shooting and the man lay as he fell. His size and general looks justified the claim that he was the same man that we saw in our camp on East Capitol Hill in October. 1862. There was no doubt but what THOMAS 1. SLAVTDN', ic i. H. C.UKC.OKV I-LOOD, CO. H, 1880. HENRY FASSETT, CO. 11, 1863. HKNRV FASSETT, CO. H, 1C)06. Rctitvniny Home from the War. 345 he was a Rebel spy and therefore had justly earned the punishment inflicted. We hastened awav from the gruesome sight, overtook our regiment before it reached the city. Troops had been passing through the city for many days, night and day, and yet windows and piazzas, front yards and walks were covered with the curious to see us pass, and many anxiously inquired who we were, where we had been and where bound. If we had been in the fight at Gettysburg, and some, yes many, seemed equally interested to converse with us because we were first from the field of battle and victory to pass through their city. We recognized again and passed by Barbara Frietchie's old home and all now seemed to understand that in the dwelling so long her home was the vacant chair. The whole regiment respectfully and silently passed by with uncovered heads at the sound of muffled drums. It was evident from expression and appearance that many there, were disappointed because of the defeat of General Lee and his army. Others were making demonstrations of joy and gratification by clapping of hands, patriotic songs, waving of flags and handkerchiefs and hearty cheers, and not a few pressed forward and took us by the hand and feelingly expressed their appreciation for what had been accomplished at Gettysburg and seemed happy over the privilege of grasping the hand of the boys that had taken part in that great battle. The whole city was out to see and greet us, and it seemed to me there were more loyal citizens now than when we passed through on our way to Gettysburg ten days before. The girls in short dresses gave us posies, the maidens roses and their sweet smiles, the boys gave us fruit, and the matrons cake and coiTee and all vied with each other in expressions of good will. Quite a number of the boys stopped to make love to the girls they could not pass by, and were left behind, for as you know we were on our way to Monocacy Junction and must reach there before dark to take passage for Balti- more. Though I believe Colonel Randall did halt the regiment for thirty minutes just after we passed through the city to give his boys (as he always called us) a chance to see the sights — the girls, and buy knicknacks, etc., before leaving the city. Yes, the boys wanted to buy, but most of us had spent our last shin plaster on our march up the valley and we could not buy and it would not now do to practice army tricks and habits in what now appeared to be a loyal city. We spent a very pleasant hour on this our second visit in their city. We finaly reached Frederick or Monocacy Junction just before sundown jaded out from the long hard march over the mountain of twenty miles or more, but with few stragglers, though some were lame because of slight wounds received in battle and the exhausted march to Gettysburg, none complained. Lieutenant Albert Clark of Company G and Sergeant James Halloway of Com- pany K limped all the way from Gettysburg and Emmitsburg to Monocacy Junction, but nothing less than the shooting away of a foot would deter such men from remaining with the regiment in the performance of duty to the end. I could not avoid observing some of Company K (likely not so in other com- panies) that lagged behind and fell out before we reached the battlefield, they were now the best on the march of any, and really showed the best endurance and anxiety to reach the goal (home). They uttered not a word of complaint Home of Mrs. W'ilcoxson near Camp Wolf Run Shoals, \'a., where Lieut. Carmi L. Marsh was sick January and February, 1863. Returning Home from the War. 347 or faltered in the march from Gettysburg to Monocacy Junction. It does make a difference now and then in soldiers whether marching to or from battle. All are not born courageous, and I sincerely believe it to be impossible for such to face belching cannon or make the desperate charge. Such should never volunteer as soldiers. As a complete illustration of this view, one of the best officers in our regiment, likely the best educated and polished gentleman of any and well liked by all who knew him fitted for the position he held with the single and most important exception, namely, courage ; the sound of cannon and prospect of battle involuntarily prostrated him so he could not go into action. He had my pity, and in some degree my sympathy, for I knew full well one must bring to his aid the very best element of manly courage, fortitude and devotion or else he could not deliberately march into battle, facing grape and canister and hand to hand struggle. The boys for the present had finished their marching and all were now in the best of temper and seemed happy and jovial though ragged and tired. We had arrived at the railroad station, and the last day's march was at an end, we were thankful and were soon to take the cars for Baltimore. We had a right to manifest happiness for we were soon to see home and friends and as a regi- ment had performed manfully every duty, and accomplished as much in a single hour at Gettysburg as some regiments that followed the flag wherever duty called during their term of enlistment. We had maintained the well earned reputation of Vermont soldiers and were justly proud of our conduct in General Pickett's great charge and there fully vindicated the right to be called after our ancestral heroes as the Green Mountain Boys of 1861, 1865. At Monocacy Junction we indififerently lunched from the contents of our haver- sacks, realizing that likely it was the last supper on army rations, with ground for tables and chairs, and haversacks, canteens, tin plates and cups, iron knives, forks and spoons for dishes. We had become used to this manner of eating and were somewhat attached to its simplicity and rude and careless etiquette, and truly a sentiment of peculiar feeling had developed around our camp fires during our term of service that now as we sat around eating our last meal in true army style all grew sad and reflective to think though on our way home the ties that had bound us together stronger and stronger each day must now be severed, and that the chain of comradeship each link of which had been cemented around the camp fires, on the weary march, the lonely vigils of the picket line and on the battlefield must for the present be broken and dear comrades parted with, perhaps forever, and we deeply regretted the parting and almost wished it might continue a little longer till the war was over, which we then believed, some of us, would soon be declared. The back bone of the Rebellion had been broken at Gettysburg, and even the common soldiers could now plainly see the end of the war and the restora- tion of the Union. General Lee and his mighty and valiant army, the flower of the veterans of the Confederate soldiers had met with an overwhelming defeat and likely now for the first time began to realize they were not invincible, and might yet be compelled to abandon their high hopes of a new and independent govern- CAl'T. JOHN M. THATCHER, CO. I, 1862. LIiaiT. CHARI.KS U. I'.ANCROFT, CO. I, 1862. ..4«v?vi-^i;*S*'v. LIEUT. SAMUEL F. PRENTISS, CO. I, 1862. LIEUT. JAMES S. PECK, CO. I, 1862. Returning Huiuc fvoni the IVar. 349 ment with the wicked, cruel and disgracefid institution of human slavery, as the chief corner stone of its foundation. Humiliation and disgrace, as they looked upon it, had come like a clap of thunder from a cloudless sky, at Gettysburg, and the rank and file no longer relied on the assurances given, and promises made, that the Yankee army, the mud sills of the north, were hirelings and not their equal in battle, and would surely be concjuered and surrender and the Confederate government would establish a new order of things and distribute munificently to those engaged in the war of the Rebellion the wealth of the northern states. All such ground- less and foolish inducements held out which had long been used to maintain the morale among their ariTiies, Gettysburg had convinced them were not good and reliable, and all from Jeff Davis down, that could read the lessons of the last campaign saw the handwriting on the wall that foretold the doom of the Confederate cause and government in the near future. No profit or seer needed to be summoned to interpret their hopes and dreams of conquest and glory, wealth and ease, and the enthraldom of a race of people in slavery for- ever. All such high hopes in a single hour vanished in the valley of Plum Run, Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863, forever. It was not long after reaching Monocacy Junction that it was announced "No transportation cars ready to convej' us to Baltimore", not a passenger car anywhere to be seen. Only a few old dirty cattle cars here and there about the station could any where be found. Colonel Randall was indignant and wrought up to a condition bordering on the verge of wrath and profanity because no preparation for passage to Baltimore. He had urged his regiment from Middletown over the mountain, through the mud, tropical sun in order to reach there at a given time, being assured transportation would be in waiting. When the Colonel was aroused he was not slow to express his disappointment in strong terms, never lacked adjectives to give vent to his feelings of disgust and disappointment, and when he was told that the old nasty cattle cars nearby were provided and to be used for taking his regiments to Baltimore, he was mad and said it was a shame to ask his boys to ride like cattle in such old cars, dirty and nasty from recent use in bringing cattle to the army, after having been on the march and in battle every day for fifteen days and be if he would submit to it ; would sooner march to Baltimore than be crowded helter skelter and be obliged to stand up or wallow in the dirt and offal that covered not only the floor but sides of the cars; that his boys would march home to Vermont if necessary before riding in cars besmeared with manure, hair, mud, etc., and all were dangerous cars besides, li his regiment must ride in a box and half open cars he wanted some that were safe and decent His boys had fought at Gettysburg and did not propose to have them killed now by cars. It was soon evident that those in charge of the cars did not like the way Colonel Randall expressed his pent up contempt and his threat to ask for better cars and began to stir to see what could be done. In the course of an hour or so some very good looking box cars came in from the east and into these we piled bag and baggage fifty or more in each car no seats only the floor. We sat our guns up in the corners and made seats of our knapsacks, those that had any, and we were on our wav to Baltimore soon after dark. We SERGT. GEORGE W. BLANCHARD. CO. I, 1862. SERGT. GEORGE W. BLANCHARD, CO. I, 1880. Returnimj Home from the War. 351 stood up and sat down with our backs against the side of the cars as suited us best. The road was rough ^nd we could not stand without holding on or standing against the sides of the cars, but we were quite content for it was better than marching in the mud and hot sun and any kind of a car was a palace compared to what we had had for sleeping quarters for the last fifteen days. Some of the boys remarked it was all right for it would not be healthy to change from marching to riding in good passenger cars too suddenly, and that we were on our way home and not as particular as when we first entered the service. As we journeyed all joined in telling stories and cracking jokes and relat- ing experiences of march and battle, and some by what they said, had already began to build air castles and plan again for the future. It was a slow rough ride, but far better than marching and carrying your own baggage. We arrived at Ellicott City, Maryland after mid-night and here we were delayed for con- siderable time in waiting for moving trains and for orders, however, we reached Baltimore before day-light fully satisfied that that journey was at an end. We stacked arms on the platform of the depot and anxiously waited for day-light and the opening of the bakers and other shops of the city. Some of the boys had carefully hoarded up a few dollars to be used in case of necessity, and many of the regiment were in a condition as to food and raiment that demanded immediate attention. Haversacks and stomachs were empty and shirts and underwear dirty, not having had a chance to wash and change since we left Camp Carusi, Va., June 25th, and quite a number threw away their extra shirts, socks and drawers on the march thinking what they had on would answer until a battle was reached, and some likely would not need another. Going so long without changing was rather bad business, for body lice, or gray backs as we called them, took up their abode on our persons which made us anxious to buy an extra shirt and find a bath house. The little money we had was soon spent, but we came out of the bath houses and barber shops so changed in appearance that even tentmates hardly recognized each other. It was a relief to be rid of dirty tattered under gar- ments as well as body lice. We left our discarded clothes in the bath rooms, having no further use for them or what was on them that had taken refuge in the seams and folds while camping on the old camp grounds on our way to Gettysburg. We spent the day in Baltimore cleaning up and doing our best to improve our general appearance and comfort. Rations of coffee an soft bread were furnished during the day which answered all right, and it was in fact an im- provement on what we had for the last ten days, and all were satisfied. Those who had green backs and scrip bought pies, gingerbread and cakes, and lemon- ade and beer to wash it down. Permission was given to visit places of interest in the city with the injunc- tion to be back in two hours, for we expected to start for Philadelphia on short notice. We were on our way home and there was no danger of stragglers, for it left behind no money to pay fares. We had not forgotten what had occurred in this city thus far during the war, and had no desire to travel about the city SKKC.T. AI.l'KKll I'.. TlUiMI'SnX, C( i. I. 1863. SERGT. ASA C. ATHKRTi iN'. Co. I, 1862. SERGT. CHARLES L. \ ARM-.\ , CO. I, 1862. SERGT. CIIAKLES C. VARiN'EY, CO. I, 1864. Rctinitiiiij Home from the War — at Baltimore. 353 or mingle with the inhabitants, a majority of whom were at heart in sympathy with the cause of the Rebellion. Baltimore during the war was full of rebel spies and Confederate sym- pathizers and our trips about the city were in squads as a precaution. We were not afraid, but preferred not to have a clash with any one, for we were not in a temper to take back talk from man or woman that hoped for the defeat of our armies and overthrow of the Union. To our disappointment we remained in Baltimore over night waiting for Surgeon Nichols to arrive from Washington with those that had been sent to Washington and Alexandria into the hospital before we started on the march. We left Baltimore on the evening of the ith and reached Philadelphia in the early morning of the 12th. All had lotted on a visit once more to the Quaker City, for the handsome cordial treatment and sumptuous supper given us when we passed through on our way to Washington just nine months before was still fresh in memory. No one doubted that a nice breakfast was waiting for us at the same old stand, though regiments often a number each day had been passing through Philadelphia during the last year to and from the seat of war and not one but what was furnished a good square meal, kind treatment and encouragement by the loyal citizens of that patriotic city. The first women of the city waited upon us at the tables and with sympathetic hearts and earnest solicitations made inquiry as to our health and our part at Gettysburg and eagerly listened to our stories of the great battle. We sat long at the sumptuous laden and attrac- tive tables for we were hungry and it was the first time we had sat down to a table to eat since we left their city October I2th, nine months before, on our way to the front. We had been on short rations for fifteen days and army fare too, and it is no wonder that we did ample justice to the luxurious spread before us. The regiment made a record here too, for capacity and attention. Our deeds on the battlefield at Gettysburg reached Philadelphia before us and especial attention and hearty congratulations were accorded. They gave us fruit and boquets and cheered us as we passed through their streets. The 13th Vermont was the first regiment that passed throught their city that was in the fight at Gettysburg, and their manifestation of joy and satis- faction for victory and the driving of General Lee and his great marauding army from their state they seemed to appreciate, and tried in every possible way by words and deeds to show how grateful they were for the signal defeat of the rebellious hosts of the Confederacy. We certainly appreciated this warm and hearty reception and left the city feeling that we had not volunteered in vain. We arrived at Jersey City a little past noon happy and refreshed neither tired nor hungry. We had not however forgotten the sight, smell, and taste of the soup they fed us on, when we passed through this city on our way to Washington. There was not a soldier in the regiment that had any desire for Jersey Soup or Jersey food of any kind. We roved about a little while wait- ing for the boat, to take us up the sound to New Haven, Conn., and finally went aboard the steamboat just before sundown and for some reason did not SERCT. MASON P. CAKPKNTKR, CO. I, SERl.T. CIIRISTOI'IIKR PUTNAM, CO. 1, K)06. I()06. SERGT. WALLACE II. PALLOU, CO. I, War time or soon after. CORP. GEORGE H. DAVIS, CO. I, 1865. Rctitniiiiy Hume from tlic JVar — at Jcrsry City. 355 leave until the next morning. We had expected to wake up at New Haven, but it was all right and far better for we rode the harbor and up the sound by day, which was interesting and attractive all the way. We saw the numerous craft in New York harbor and beautiful shores as we passed up the sound to New Haven where we arrived in due season anxious to be on our way home- ward. Our destination first was Brattleboro, Vt., to be mustered out, and all seemed in a hurry to be on the way up the Connecticut valley though some because of worn out tattered dirty uniforms anxious for a change, and yet I am confident nearly all were proud to say this is the uniform I wore in the battle at Gettysburg. The Great Eastern, the largest leviathan that had ever rode the sea was an object of attraction and admiration then in New York harbor, and we passed quite near to it on our way out. It was so large that all others looked like pygmies in comparison. We had heard and read of it and to see it was an unexpected privilege. The journey up the sound was delightful, and all were thankful for the delay because the trip was in day light. We arrived at New Haven, Conn., about noon. The journey up the sound by steamboat gave us a pleasant ride on the water, and all were now ready and anxious to take the cars that would with greater speed hasten us up the Connecticut valley where we could once more rest our eyes on the Green Hills and fertile valleys of our dear old Green Mountain State. Our delay at New Haven was short and interesting. It was in the night time when we passed through on our way to Washington the October before. Our home coming had been announced in the newspapers, and every hamlet, village and city we passed through were out in great numbers waving handker- chiefs and flags and with smiles and cheers enthusiastically welcomed us on our way home. Some of the boys claimed they saw the same girls they made love to when we passed through on our way to join the army. It mattered not how strong our inclination to respond to the urgent invitations to stop, we were now on our way home where lived our girls who had anxiously waited our return, and besides we had not a cent in our pockets and did not look very neat and tidy. Quite a number regretted because they had agreed and pledged that they would surely stop on their return from the war. The same fair maidens were out waiting and watching to welcome those who stole their hearts when on their way to Join Uncle Sam's army, but time and circumstances were now different. We reached Springfield, Mass. about eight o'clock between sundown and darkness, and here as before we made quite a long stop. The wheels had hardly ceased to turn before the cars were filled with loyal citizens, lovely girls with baskets of ham sandwiches, pies and cakes, and pails with hot coffee and freely gave us all we wanted, and the boys cheered and thanked them for their kindness and generosity. These were the same that so bounti- fully supplied us with refreshments when we passed through their city on our way to fight in the army. General Stannard's charge against General Pickett's charging columns on the last day and hour of the day of the bloody battle of Gettysburg had been heralded by the press throughout the land and the 13th Vermont Regiment of General Stannard's brigade and its heroic conduct was even now a familiar cdur. cHAKLi:s ii. uiiEui:, co. i, 1862. coKr. ciiAKi.r.s II. r.Kr.Di:. co. i, 1906. • CORP. .AUGUSTUS L. FISIIKR, CO. I, 1862. CORP. .AUGUSTUS L. FISHER, CO. I, 1897. Kctiiniiiu/ Home from the War. — N eiv Haven to Brattlcboro. 35;^ story in every patriotic home of New England, and hence the unusual demon- strations as we journeyed homeward. It was a continuous ovation from New Haven to Brattleboro, every town and city seemed vieing with each other in their efforts of appreciation. We reached Brattleboro, Vt., just before mid- night and to our great surprise the whole town seemed to be at the depot waiting and as we rolled into the station cheer upon cheer expressed the hearty welcome to their own Green ■Mountain Boys now fresh from the battlefield of Gettys- burg. Governor Holbrook and Adjutant General Washburn and Colonel Blunt with the I2th regiment (which had arrived a few days beforej were out and with torches and music and banners gave us a royal welcome, and escorted us to camp Lincoln to the music "Home Sweet Home," "Yankee Doodle Dandy'V etc., and after the reception were assigned to the same barracks we occupied when waiting to be mustered in as soldiers the October previous. Some of the boys selected the same bunks that they occupied before. It was considerable after mid-night before we were ready to lie down for the night. All were now tired, not from marching, but from want of sleep, excitement and sight seeing on our home journey. Not a word of complaint now made because only bare boards for beds. These bunks for sleeping quarters were luxuries compared to what we had had, and were obliged to be contented with while in the service in good buildings and up from the ground where neither woodticks nor black snakes could crawl in during the night. We were now for the first time since we left camp on the Occoquan, June 25th, given a comfortable place to sleep and rest with assurance that neither long roll, bugle call or booming cannon would disturb our slumbers or dreams of home and the dear ones we longed to see. We were now far away from the strife of contending armies. No vigil- ance required on the picket line, and we slept the sleep of the warrior returned who had faithfully and courageously performed his whole duty, having served his term of enlistment and returned with the grateful appreciation of his state and country for distinguished service in the greatest and most important battle of the civil war, Gettysburg. We left the state for the front, expecting to participate in the sanguinary struggles for the supression of the Rebellion and preservation of the Union, realizing the dangers attending life, in the then great struggle before us, and every care, ambition, hope of success, pursuit of happiness in the avenues of civil life were for the time being held in check and our thoughts, anxiety and lives fully fconsecrated and devoted to the cause that induced us to volunteer, and now that we had returned having survived the arduous duties of soldiers in active warfare and desperate and sanguinary struggle for the right and again permitted to breathe the pure air and look upon the green hills of our native state, and again to open the book of aspira- tion and ambition where we shut it just nine months before, it is no wonder that our sleep on this first night in camp Lincoln on our return was sweet and sound and that our dreams again were of noble aspirations for knowledge and success in the busy walks of civil life. How different the first night in camp on our return compared to the first night in Camp Lincoln when we rendevoused for muster in. We were then ^ ^^^^^B^^^^^^^ B^^m ^^K-*-' [ i^PKi < ... f j^^^^^^W CliKP. III'C.II H. ('.RISWdl.D. CO. I, 1863. iKT. mi. II II. (.Kli^WOLD. CO. I, 1875. CORP: WILLIAM II. HOLDEN, CO. I, 1862. CORP. WILLI.\M H. HOLDEN, CO. I, 1906. Arrived at Ctinip Lincohi. Brattlcboro. Vt. 359 ignorant of the strenuous life of a soldier during active campaigning, the dangers in camp, the march and the battle, and with anxious zeal to participate in the struggle to settle forever the great question of human slavery and state sovereignty. Not one of us went forth prompted by revenge, hate or malice. We loved our country and its institutions dearly and therefore were impelled to the rescue that the same ship of state might sail on from shore to shore, country to country, proclaiming the immortal principles of freedom and equal rights looking upward and onward to that time at no distant day when the nations of the world should be bound to acknowledge constitutional govern- ment as best calculated for progress and the happiness of mankind. The civil war was the supreme test of the stability of the unique form of government originated and promulgated by our forefathers the patriots of 1776, and the gigantic and awful struggle of 1861-1865 fully demonstrated the wisdom of the makers of our constitution and its adoption for the control and happiness of the human family. Notwithstanding the prophecy of our sister nations when we launched our ship of state on an unknown sea that our days were numbered, for no people could long continue when such liberty of thought and action was relegated to the individual, but yet our glorious republic still stands challenging the world for its unparalleled success in all that makes a nation great. Any people or government must and will succeed when its watch- word is Justice and Equity. The secret of Governmental prosperity is honesty of purpose "All for each, and each for all." If any nation shall be so fortunate as to rightfully and in the true sense of the saying to attain the proud distinc- tion as "mistress of the world," it will so rise because founded on the immortal principle of right and justice, and the same even handed square deal to all irrespective of wealth, distinction, title or family prestige. The thousand battles and more of the war of 1861-1865 vindicate the principles for which we fought, and the permanency of the union of states to perpetuate which we freely offered our young lives as willing sacrifices on our country's altar. We were ever buoyed up by the strong hope that the right would prevail, and Abraham Lincoln's proclamation marshalling the patriots of the Nation on the field of battle would in God's own time vanquish the enemy of the Union, secure peace, re-unite the north and the south, proclaim fr'-edom to all and establish a better and more solid foundation for the growth of a mighty nation and so actuated by deeds of humanity, purity of thought and honesty of purpose that the nations of the world willingly accord our right to lead until the goal of the setting of the sun of time is at hand. Thus far, since the close of that eventful war have we as a nation justified the position of leadership among the governments of earth. Though past mid-night when we reached Camp Lincoln, yet most of the boys were up the next morning with the rising of sun because of anxiety to see by the first gleam of the morning light the dear old Green Mountains which had morning and evening from birth to the time we left for the war acknow- ledged our greetings and devotions. Many too were expecting loved ones who had hastened to Brattleboro to welcome home their dear boys, husbands and fathers and the soldier boy whose friendship had ripened into love while wear- ing the blue, and by the dim and flickering light of the camp-fire had weekly CORP. CHARLES (>. Ill' M I'll KKV. CI I. 1. CORP. H. DWIGIIT SMITH. CO. I, I861. WILI.I.AM .\LLEN WORCESTER, CO. I, 1864. At Caiiif^ Lincoln, Brattlchovo. 361 written oi his soldier life and with language known only to the hearts beating in imison and longing for the consummation of plighted vows of love; such were expected and many were there, and the greetings we saw of loyal wives, mothers, fathers and blushing maidens told the story of devoted mothers, affectionate husbands and wives, and the future hopes of the soldier returned now joy- fully holding the welcome hand, the same so reluctantly and sorowfully re- linquished when parting to fight for home and country. These scenes were even more numerous and surely more happy than on the day we left Brattle- boro for Washington to join the army. My thoughts went back to the day we left and of some I knew and saw when they parted, and wondered if they would be here now to extend the glad welcome to those who had manfully and courageously followed the stars and stripes on the great battlefield of Gettys- burg participating in that victory, defeating for the first time General Lee and his veteran army in an open field and a fair fight. Some had come and thft same shy, timid and blushing girls that because of youth and beauty I noticed the parting, was here again to meet but older now, but gay and happy and proud of her soldier lover returned from the war with an honorable record made in battle, and it was my privilege to witness the affectionate greeting of this particular couple as I did the parting, but all did not return. I recall Sergeant Reed of Company E, who died at Camp Vermont and married a sister of Captain ]\Ierrit B. Williams at Brattleboro just before he left the state for the war. Her sorrow was deep and found sympathy in ever\ heart that knew the great sacrifice oiifered on the altar of her country, a yt)ung husband and a dearly beloved brother. Captain Williams of Company G. The husband died in Camp Vermont, the brother and Captain of mortal wounds received at Gettysburg. They were all my schoolmates at Bakersfield Academy and intimate friends, and the grief and sadness of this broken-hearted young wife and sister, though she died only a few years ago, was never fully recon- ciled to her great loss. There were others, but not so distressingly sad. The untimely death of Captains Bostwick, Whitney and White, Chaplain Sargent. Lieutenants Sinnott and Jones, highly respected and loved by their comrades in arms were extremely sad, and each was sincerely mourned and there is not a survivor, though forty-four years have passed whose heart does not sadden when he thinks of them and the distressing circumstances under which some of them died. They died before the cares and burdens, vicissitudes and disappointments overtook them, and for their country, battling for God and humanity. Certainly we should have enjoyed their association along the devious windings of life's pathway since that distant day had they survived, and yet who dare say it was not better for them to have crossed the silent river then rather than to have lived ever burdened with increasing care, anxiety, meeting unlooked for disappointments on every hand, realizing treachery, deceit, wickedness and dishonesty in the affairs of business and the eagerness for wealth and position in utter disregard for kith and kin, forgetful too that side by side they followed the same old flag on land and sea shoulder to shoulder and in the desperate and awful charge facing cannon and around our guns of men-of-war belching forth grape and canister. Had they lived, the journey of life would have been far dififerent than what their youthful minds had planned, and with hope and ardent desire anticipated and expected to realize. JOHN J. \.\.\ OKMAN, CO. I. 1862. Jllli.N J. VAN OKMA.N-, CO. 1, 1866. Mir.o K. c.K.w, CO. r, 1862. Ml 1.0 K. C.K.W. CO. I. 1906. At Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro. 363 Those who did not return died in a glorious cause, having attained honor and fame and distinction among men and immortal glory, because the shackles that bound and held were broken and four million of the human family were made free. The inscrutable ways of God are beyond our comprehension and we cheerfully welcome his guidance and control in the affairs of mankind. Our friends and acquaintances had come from up the state to greet us, and we were happy and glad to see them. Our joy and gladness was manifested in many ways. We were back in our native state to be discharged because of expiration of term of service. Our duties had been fully and manfully per- formed. We had demonstrated in every relation (especially at Gettysburg) fortitude, courage, devotion, skill, prowess equal to any who fought on the field of Gettysburg, and the regiment to which you and I belonged (The 13th Vermont Volunteers) for deeds done, were given unstinted praise by the officers of both armies who witnessed the work accomplished and to this day we have ever been accorded the distinguished honor of doing more in our charge on General Pickett's flank to accomplish victory than any other regiment in General Mead's great army of 100,000 strong. Because of our part in the signal victory over General Lee at Gettysburg, we were justly proud. We had faced the iron hail of shot and shell, charged the veteran heroes of General Pickett's advancing columns, crossing bayonets with them on the open field in the hand to hand struggle, strewing the ground all about with the dead and wounded, capturing flags and standards, compelling all in our vicinity to sur render forgetful the while of danger, bent on victory at any cost and sacrifice Our regiment, as you who still survive, must recall, at the critical time and of the greatest slaughter was the only regiment on General Pickett's flank, (the i6th was moving past into position on our left), and it was our regiment that first charged against General Pickett's flank and met his brave veterans face to face, crossed bayonets, and thus compelling surrender and because of our part in the closing drama of this important battle we were rightfully proud and perhaps too vain, but were fresh from the battlefield and at Brattleboro on our way home had read with just pride the glowing accoimts of victory and all it had secured to our cause. The universal praise given General Stannard and the Vermonters under his command likely led some of us to talk large ana claim much as to the conduct of the boys of the 13th and the manoeuvring of om- brigade by General Stannard at the crisis of General Pickett's great charge. We were in the bloodly angle and great slaughter pen on that mighty field of crossing swords with General Lee for the preservation of the Union and the country we loved. We had been in the hottest of the fight and had. as said by officers high in command, with undaunted courage rendered important service at Gettysburg, and we were now back in Camp Lincoln to be mustered out. Most of us were no doubt, a little puffed up, claiming more credit than we were entitled to. The Historians, however, who have written of that battle and who participated as Generals on both sides say that the charge made by General Stannard's Green Mountain Boys on General Pickett's right flank ended the fight and secured victory. BKXjA.MIX X. WRHiUT, CO. I, l.\niii, CO. I. .-// Camp Lincoln. Brattlchovo. 367 The regiment had experienced very active and arduous service from the first. The winter was unusually cold and severe. General Stuart and Lieu- tenant Mosby were on the alert regardless of rain and mud and the outer picket lines which we guarded was almost nightly attacked at some point. No one could tell when or where to look for or expect them for the bushwhackers were continuously informed and were familiar with every road and path stream and ford. Could make a dash, gobble up the picket line, seize loaded wagons and then hurry back into their own country beyond reach and out of sight before day light, and our frequent pursuit across the picket lines were generally fruitless. We had fully realized a soldier's life in active campaigning, and become accustomed and familiar with its duties and dangers, had passed through seven days' march day after day, and the battle of Gettysburg and then three days of marching in pursuit of General Lee's vanquished veteran heroes after which, detached and marched over the Catoctin mountain to Frederick City and to Monocacy Junction and then by cars and steamboats hurried forward to Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, to be mustered out. A\'e had seen much of warfare in a short time, and the most of us now comprehended thfe desperate struggle that must ensue before the Confederate government would finally surrender. Indeed the situation was a subject of earnest thought with many, in what direction duty called. A goodly number was inclined to re-enlist, but said "Will go home first before deciding." The burden of thought and conversation was of the war and how much longer it would last, and the more intelligent and conservative (though since Gettysburg the prospect was much brighter) were of the opinion that many battles would be fought before the war was over. The boys of the 13th had met the Johnnies in the valley of Plum Run between Seminary and Cemetery Ridges in the struggle for victory and were now convinced of their bravery, heroic conduct, physical ability and skill as well as their sincerity in the cause that actuated them and realized they were a foe equal to any ever marshaled on a field of battle, and we were not so confident of immediate surrender and peace as before the fight. The vain conceit wherever it existed vanished with the roar and echoes of cannon, the Rebel yell and desperate charge they made, and the boys of the blue were now satisfied that the task of subdueing and conquering was still a stupendous undertaking, and hence we of the 13th viewed the situation from a different standpoint than when we volunteered. Experience begot wisdom, and wisdom conservative thought and action and all said "Let us go home and make a visit and then see." Yes, our first day in Camp Lincoln was a busy one. Officers were preparing pay rolls and ac- counts for final settlement, and the boys were looking up to see if guns, straps, etc. charged up in their account were in hand ready to be turned over to the government. Everything was charged up against us and unless we could return all must be deducted from what was due us (that is guns, belts and straps.) Some had foolishly left their guns behind (not many) expecting no further use for them, and some were lost (so claimed) and some had picked up good rifles on the battlefield and placed them in the hands of the boys who lost their guns, and in this way managed to reach Brattleboro as the HKRSCHEL F. SMITH, CO. I, 1862. HERSCHEI, F. SMITH, CO. I, 1906. ^^'^SjBSflj HOWI.A.ND P. KNF.EL.WD, CO. I, 1862. HOWEAND P. KNEELAND, CO. I, 1906. PETER 1. i-ii:\\i:\-, ci>. I, 1862. PETER .1. I.)i:\Vl{-|-, CI 1906. FRED M. GALE, CO. I, 1863. FRED M. GALE, CO. I, 1906. JKRRY lirTCHlNSDX JK.. C(i. r. 1862. jl'Kin' IH'TllllXSDX IK.. Cd. I. 190ft. JOHN P. FL.ANDKRS, CO. I, JOSKPH H. DEMERIT, CO. I, 1863 At Caiii/^ Lincoln. Brattlcboro. 371 owners of two guns, but when it was sure every soldier must account for his gun, straps, etc., the owners of extra guns generously gave them to such as had brought them to Brattleboro, as an accommodation, and in this way but few were short of guns or straps. A few of the boys retained their guns, straps, etc., to take home as mementoes of service in the Civil War, and quite a number of the survivors have them still and are by them so dearly prized that money is no temptation to part with them. Every one naturally was anxious to go to the village, but the seedy condition of our uniforms and no money yet to buy clothing kept most of us in camp. The holes in our uni- forms were for the most part, where if made by bullet shot or shell we likely would not have returned, simply worn out by strenuous campaigning and there- fore none were ashamed, though leg and hip might be exposed. Most of the boys as yet had no use for a razor, but each had demanded shears and sham- pooing for we had been on the march for some time, and even in camp no barbers or any one that could do a decent job. All were anxious to improve personal appearance, but we must wait for settlement with Uncle Sam and the state before fixing up very much. The officers too, were in the same con- dition and equally anxious to improve general appearance because of their positions, honors secured since leaving for the war, (many left the state as privates and now were commissioned officers.) These honors no doubt were wisely bestowed because of meritorious service. All were given more liberties, in camp than when we gathered here on our way to the front. No need of passes for the camp-guard knew full well that none would leave till mustered out and paid ofif. Our stay in Brattleboro for a week seemed much too long, for all were anxious to reach home, and yet no fault found and all appeared to enjoy their second visit to Camp Lincoln better than the first. We had been to the front, met the enemy and done our full share in driving General Lee and his army of veteran heroes from the Battlefield of Gettysburg, and each felt that he had rendered honorable service and discharged a large measure of obligations to country and to conscience, and yet the topic of frequent discussion among the boys while waiting to be mustered out was whether duty and honor demand- ed our immediate re-enlistment. The "high water mark of the Rebellion" was reached at Gettysburg (and we were in and at it) and it was self evident that the ebbing tide set in motion by General Mead and his valiant army of the Potomac would continue to recede until overwhelmed and lost in the great and mighty ocean of triumph and victory and honorable and glorious peace. President Lincoln and his administration were much encouraged by reason of General Lee's signal defeat and were now making preparations for raising sufficient force on land and sea to bring to speedy end the awful conflict. Flattering inducements of honor and money were made to the boys of the 13th to re-enlist, accept commissions to recruit for the 17th Vermont Regiment which was soon to take the field as a veteran regiment with an implied promise of commission, and in fact a goodly number did return as officers and in subordi- nate positions. The majority however returned to the occupations and pur- suits where they had left them when they volunteered well satisfied and feeling that duty had been performed, and yet the conviction of nearly all was that if WILLIAM C. SMITH, CO. 1, 1862. WILLIAM C. SMITH, CO. I, 1906.- MUSrCIA.V, CLARK I'.OCTWF.LL, CO, I, 1877- ORVA.ND A. STONK, CO. I, 1862, * - A R. PLUMMKR P.HNJAMIN. CO. I, 1862. R. PI.UMMKR i:i:xjAMIX, CO. I, 1895- EVAXDKR CRKE, CO. I, 1862. EVAXDER CREK. CO. I, l88v PRKNIISS C. VVRICilT, C(l. I, 1862. i-i" J Mu ,^^tni Wm^ m- Mi C^^^^^^^^H^^^Ak . t\r ^^^H ^&J ^_ ii ^H pi m. ^^^1 B''^'?iaBB j^jjjj^ k .^I^^Hil^HI CHARLES A. ii.\KK. LO. K, 1876. ORANGE A. COMSTOCK, CO. K, 1863. CADMAS S. CATES^ CO. K, 1900. JAMES HAGAN, CO. K, 1904. DANIEL MANAHAN, CO. K, 1886. OLIVER PARAZO, CO. K, 1902. RODXKV ORCUTT. CO. K, 1865. RODXKY ORCUTT, CO. K, I9OI. JOHN J. WINTERHLRN, CO. K, 1862. JOHN J. WINTERBURN, CO. K, 1906. ELI II. RICHARDSON, CO. K, 1862. FREEMAN II. SINDERI.IN, CO. K, 1862. PHILIP R. SMITH, CO. K, 1862. lAILEY B. BRONSON, CO. K, 1862. On the left. MARTIN POPE, CO. K, 1865. MARTIN POPE, CO. K, 1906. HENRY ROBY, CO. K, 1862. On the right. HENRY ROBY, CO. K, 1890. FREEMAN H., AND HIS SnN, GEORGE H. SUNDERIJN, CO. K, 1862. CHARLES A. MANNING, CO. K, 1905. JAMES MONRO IIOGAUOOM, CO. K, 1862. JAMES MONRO HOGABOOM, CO. K, 1906. HE.N'RV If. MEIC.S, CO. K, 1S62. HE.XRV B. JU-:ir.S, CO. K, 1906. • SMITH M. DECKER, CO. K, 1865. SMITH M. DECKER, CO. K, 1904. RALPH URSON STURTEVAXT, CO. K, RALPH ORSON STl'RTi'VANT, CO. K, 1861. 1864. PHILIP R. SMITH. i;D(.AR CURRIK, JAMICS N. BURNS, CO. K, 1862. DRUMMER, LEWIS c;. LABOUNTy, CO. K, 1907. DAVID QUEBEC, CO. K, 1907. CHARGES A. MARVIN, CO. K, 1906. IlKMAX W. ALLEN, Burlingt(jn, \'t., Historian of Co. A, Lith \'t. \' Biographical and Historical Co. a Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated to the loving memory of our brav'e Lieut. John T. Sinnott, slain in battle at Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 425 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY A. THE Emmett Guards of Burlington was one of the Thirteen Companies of Uniformed Militia who first responded to order No. 12 viz: The Emmett Guards of Burling- ton and the Lafayette Artillery of Calais, with eight of the Companies of Volunteer Militia named in general order Xo. 13. On the 24th of October the Company OfiBcers met at Montpelier and elected the Field Officers of the 13th Regiment. The Emmett Guards became Company A by virtue of its Captain, John Lonergan, holding the oldest Commission. The Company was recruited at Burlington, Rutland and Westford and while it was regarded as an Irish Company there were some twenty- five Americans and French Canadians among their numbers; most of these were from the town of Westford in Chittenden County. About forty Irishmen were recruited in Rutland and West Rutland. Men of strong physique, quiet enough when not aroused and were ready on a slight pretext to defend their honor and yet were good soldiers and good comrades. Captain Lonergan's speech at Gettysburg before the hottest part of the battle was to this effect. "Boys you have been quite anxious for a fight ever since you enlisted, now you have got a chance to fight and show what kind of stuff you are made of." Company A was never accused of shirking duty except In the matter of attending religious services: a large majority being Roman Catholics, they naturally did not take kindly to the chaplain's services. The Company's rendezvous was at Burlington while it was being recruited. The Westford men were quartered at the old Howard Hotel where the Van Xess House now stands. The proprietor, the late Daniel C. Barber was most kind and considerate, and he appeared at Brattleboro to bid the boys good-bye when they were leaving for the South. In remembrance of his kindness and as a token of friendship a handsome silver water service was presented to him which he treasured highly. The other recruits were fed and quartered as far as possible at the old Murphy Hotel on Water Street. The days were passed in drilling on the Battery or the old Fair Ground, and the nights in telling stories and reading war news from the front. The election of Officers was held in a hall in Baxter Block on College Street. Jobs Lonergan was unanimously elected Captain and John T. Sinnott, first Lieutenant. There were three Candidates for second Lieutenant. Alvin H. Henry of Westford, James B. Scully of Burlington and David McDeavitt of Rutland. McDeavitt finally won the prize much to the disappointment of a respectable minority. The wisdom of withdrawing by the Westford contingency and joining one of the other Companies in the County was seriously considered, but finally in the distribution of non-commissioned appointments, harmony was to some extent assured. I shall not attempt to give details regarding the sojourn at Brattleboro, the difficulty of getting trousers long enough for Corporal John Patten or short enough for Paul Segar which required shears, needle and thread. The unusual orders we were given while the Company was drilling were like "Cover your file leader behind" or "Fall In yees." (Some of the non-commissioned officers were as Ignorant and awkward as any of the privates.) The boys from Rutland were promised a bounty of $100.00 each which was not promptly forthcoming. This fact with a little whiskey, caused what at one time promised to be a small sized riot and established the reputation of Company A, in one sense, as fighters even before they left Vermont, a reputation which subsequent conduct at Gettys- burg did not tend to diminish. Captain Lonergan's remarks spoken of previously when about to have some real fighting were, no doubt, an incentive to many to show them- selves true men. While the Regiment was encamped at Wolf Run Shoals. Company A was located on a side Hill in support of a Battery of Artillery from Connecticut to defend the ford, an eighth of a mile or more in front of the location of the regiment. Here, aside from strict guard duty, we had little part in the work of building forts, etc with the rest of the regiment. We succeeded during the rather cold weather in making our- selves very comfortable doing some foraging as we were not strictly under the sur- 426 Till' Thirteenth Rc(/iiiiciit I'cniiont Volunteers. veillance of the Regimental Officers. Some of us thought the reason for our detail might be that Camp was not less quiet and peaceable with the "Irish Regulars" away. Our soldiering with the exception of this detail was like that of the other Companies, except possibly being wakened occasionally In the night to witness a ruff and tumble scrap in the company street. The part which Company A had In the battle of Gettysburg was one of which the survivors are justly proud. Captain Lonergan received a medal of honor for dis- tinguished bravery in the recapturing of cannon belonging to a regular U. S. Battery from the enemy, the only one given to any member of the Regiment. The advance to the Rogers House and the capture of prisoners was valorous and creditable: in fact their conduct as brave and loyal soldiers from muster In and especially from the time they reached Gettysburg until the end of the battle, was most worthy. I do not claim that Company A did all the fighting, but I do claim that we did our full share. It is expected that quite a number of individual sketches will appear as a part of our company history by those better equipped than myself. Much indeed might be said in ])raise of the boys of Company A. officers and privates alike. Their conspicuous deeds of i)rowess and daring courage during the battle secured a fame more lasting and honorable than possible in any other walk of life. No sacrifice so great, no deed so noble and sublime as dying in defence of home and country. Lieutenant .Tohn T. Sinnott. Sergeant Thomas Blake. Patrick M. Corey and Michael Mclnerny freely offered there young lives on the field of battle that the country they loved and honored might be saved. Our historian has asked me to prepare a short sketch of Company A and trace as far as possible the members. I shall not attempt the latter but refer the reader to the individual sketches and the revised Roster on the last pages of tliis book. H. W. ALLEN. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CAPT. JOHN LONERGAN. COMPANY A. MANY incidents with their mixture of humor and pathos, many disappointments, which if properly looked at. contain the key to their own solution, group them- selves round every undertaking in a soldier's as well as a civilian's life. The record of these incidents, even if on a comparatively small scale appeals to all. as the reader, according to his constitution, race and upbringing sees himself reflected therein and almost unconsciously finds his pulse quicken as their recital proceeds to a successful ending. What is here stated has an apt illustration in the circumstances that led to the formation of Company A. It is the plain record of duty done, of patriotic impulse perservered in. of principles applied as they were understood, of an estimation that lives and is cherished round many firesides. It to a Vermonter there are no homes like Vermont homes, he may be pardoned for thinking there are no men like Vermont men. no soldiers like Vermont soldiers, either native or foreign born, who look to that state as to a land they love, even for its very ruggedness of nature, its hills and moun- tains that have inspired her sons with something of their own strength and stability. The record of Company A is the record of a blend of races, the officers and major portion of men being Irish-Americans, the remainder being composed of native Ver- monters. with a sprinkling of French Canadians. The following account will show they were all good soldiers, all good Americans, and valiant defenders of the Union. How the company was not organized till the war had been in progress a year, ancf how it was finally sent out, and became hardened soldiers l)y camp life, picket duty, and skirmishing for the great drama of Gettysburg, is the object of these pages. The way was not strewn with roses, and if the habits of character are catching, if patriotism, to he of value, has to be properly nursed and disciplined then Company A. owes no small share of its success to the officer who recruited it. fought with it and was mustered out with it. at the close of the campaign. The late .lohn Lonergan. Captain of Company A. 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry, was born in the town of Carrick-onSuir, County Tipparery. Ireland, April 7th, 1839, being the eldest son of Thomas and Mary Lonergan. Captain Lonergan received his preliminary education from the Christian Brothers. His schooling was BioiirapUical and Historical of Co. ./. 427 however cut short by emigration, and coming to Vermont in 1S48 with his parents, who settled in Burlington, he was soon at the bench helping to support a large family. In these young years, the work of the day being over, he busied himself at night by studying and reading, with the occasional assistance of a private teacher. His military instinct developed itself early, and in 18.59 he was a member of the Allen Greys, of Brandon, Vt., in which organization he learned some useful military lessons. In 1860 he started in the grocery and i)rovision business at Winooski, Vt., and organized Company E, 4th Regiment, uniformed Militia, of which at that time George J. Stannard was colonel. By these means Caiitain Lonergan had acquired a good training for the coming conflict, and when President Lincoln, on April 15th, 1861, issued his proclama- tion, convening Congress on July 4th, and calling upon the several States tor seventy- five thousand men, "to aid in the enforcement of the laws and the suppression of insurrection", he at once offered his services to Colonel Stannard. and was ordered by him to attend the first war meeting of the officers of the state militia held in Burlington April 19th. 1861. Though only four days had elapsed since President Lincoln's call for troops, yet the meeting promptly supported that demand with armed assistance. There were present Adjutant-General Henry Baxter who presided and Captain Peter T. Washburn, as well as the representatives of the thirteen companies throughout the state. It was resolved to take the ten best prepared companies and form the 1st Regiment of the three months' men. Captain Lonergan received his commission to recruit a company for the 2nd Vermont Regiment, which read as follows: State of Vermont, Adjutant and Inspector General's OfiBce, Rutland. May 7th, 1861. John Lonergan, Sir — You are hereby appointed a recruiting officer to be stationed at Winooski, in this state, for recruiting and enlisting one company of able-bodied volunteers to "serve this state and the United States, when duly called for, for the period of two years, from and after the first day of June, 1861", in accordance w^th the provisions of an act of the Legislature of this state approved April 26th, 1861. By order of the Governor and Commander-in-chief. H. HENRY BAXTER, Adjutant and Inspector General. The receiving of a commission to recruit volunteers must have thrilled the spirit of a young man, twenty-two years of age. Thus while the war was still in its infancy, Captain Lonergan, throwing himself with his accustomed energy into whatever he was doing, enlisted as a private on May 7th, and recruited Company K, of which he was chosen captain June 1st. On that day he reported the full complement of enlisted men, and received the following order: State of Vermont. Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Rutland, June 3rd, 1861. Captain John Lonergan, Co. H, Winooski. Dear Sir — You will herewith receive orders to report with your command to Lieutenant Colonel Stannard. at Camp Underwood. Burlington, on or before Thursday next. You will receive your commission on my arrival at Burlington. Yours, H. HENRY BAXTER, Adjutant and Inspector General. Captain Lonergan reported at Camp Underwood, on the old fair grounds, which was surrounded by a high fence, and many a young soldier, thus brought under restraint for the first time, took delight in jumping it, being anxious to get back for awhile to town life. Captain Lonergan was assigned to quarters by Colonel Stannard, and received the letter K, instead of H, as by order. But an unexpected event then occurred; Captain Lonergan had not spared himself in getting his men together, nor in shaping them into soldiers, and was now not a little surprised and annoyed by the receipt of an order issued by Governor Fairbanks, on June 18th, 1861, disbanding the company on the ground that the regiment was delayed in consequence of Company K, not having the requisite number of men. As Captain Lonergan and sixty-five men had been sworn into the service of the United States, and were in consequence rather 428 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. beyond the jurisdiction of the Governor, he felt an Injustice had been done to him and his command. The following afl3davlt shows the view taken of the disbandment of the company by General Stannard: St. Ai-bass, Vermont. November 7th, 1864. I, George J. Stannard, formerly Lieutenant Colonel 2nd Vermont Infantry, take this occasion to say that I know Captain Lonergan, and that he was under my command at Camp Underwood, Burlington, reporting to nie under orders with his company on the 4th of June, 1861, and assigned his position in line, — his company being designated by the letter K. Captain Lonergan performed all his duties well and his company was considered a good one. His company was disbanded, the reason of which I never knew. I considered this act at the time a piece of injustice to Captain Lonergan, and was sorry to lose him and his company, and more especially after their having been Inspected, accepted, and sworn into the United States' service. Captain Lonergan spent considerable time and money, and in my opinion was dealt with unjustly, and ought to receive a compensation for the same. GEORGE J. STANNARD, Brev. Major-General Volunteers. After the close of the war Captain Lonergan, entering a claim against the State, was awarded the indemnity referred to, by a si)ecial act of the Legislature. Meanwhile protesting but submitting to the Governor's order, and seeing for the moment his hopes dashed to the ground, in the early part of the summer he followed the regiment to Virginia, taking with him thirty five men, recruited mostly by Captain Burnham, Company H. Captain Lonergan was welcomed Ijy officers and men of the 2nd Ver- mont, and was under fire with them several times, at Lewinsville, Falls Church and Munson's Hill. But finding himself in the peculiar position of not being recognized by the regimental roll, he secured a pass from 'Baldy" Smith to go to Washington to interview Simeon Cameron, Secretary of War. After listening to Captain Lonergan's statement of the disbandment of Ills first com- pany. Secretary Cameron extended his pass to Vermont, at the same time advising him to report for duty, very often to Adjutant-General Washburn, as also to every U. S. officer he met on the way. Captain Lonergan followed tliis advice faithfully and as it created quite a stir between Washington and Woodstock. Vermont, the result ' anticipated was obtained. Previous to the outbreak of the war, as he was a captain of a company of state militia (the Emmet Guard), Captain Lonergan, after repeated demands was finally again called upon to report for duty with his comi)any of 101 officers and men. These instructions were issued in a general order by Adjutant and Inspector General Peter T. Washburn, on August Sth, 1862, declaring 4,898 militia to be Vermont's quota of the 300.000 men summoned to the colors by President Lincoln. This order of the Adjutant-General, which brings to mind the stormy and threatening days of the war, enjoins in substance, that all companies of uniformed state militia be detached for service in compliance with the proclamation of the President. Furthermore, the com- manding officer of each of the said companies is directed to report with his company for active service, as the law requires, at such place of general rendezvous as shall be named, and in the meantime each such officer is notified to hold himself in readiness, with the company under his command, in the town in which such company is located, until further orders. When Captain Lonergan received a copy of this order, as com- manding officer of a company of militia, he was in an awkward position. His personal wishes, and hopes long deferred, were now gratified, but he had in fact no company, as after disbandment the members of it had been scattered or absorbed by the other companies of the 2nd Vermont. But Captain Lonergan, taking a practical view of the matter, set to work recruiting more men. He attended war meetings and from Bur- lington. Winooski. Westford and neighboring towns, enrolled the names of those who were willing to enlist. Going to Rutland where he was fortunate in getting Lieutenant Sinnott and Lieutenant llcDevitt to join him. he addressed the Irish quarr.vmen there, and enlisted nearly a score of men on the spot, securing in all over forty recruits in the same city. The result was that forty-eight hours ahead of time the company's ranks were complete. The election of officers resulted in the unanimous choice of John Lonergan as captain and John T. Sinnott as first-lieutenant. There were three candidates for second-lieutenant, namely. Alvin H. Henry of Westford. James B. Scully of Burlington, and David McDevitt of Rutland, the latter finally being chosen. As some friction had arisen in the appointment of the second-lieutenant, the wisdom of withdrawing by the Westford recruits, and joining one of the other companies of the county was discussed, but harmony was restored by the distribution of places to non- commissioned officers. Upon making known the organization of his second company, Captain Lonergan received on September 26th, the following order by telegraph from the Adjutant-General: "Report at Brattleboro. with your company, on Monday next." Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 429 With this concise command begins the connection that united Captain Lonergan to Company A. 13th Vermont, for the ensuing year. Previous to leaving Burlington there took place on September 28th, 1862, a very complimentary affair, by which Messrs. D. C. Barber, proprietor of the Howard House, John B. Wheeler, City Attorney and S. C. Crombie, at a private dinner, presented Captain Lonergan with a handsome Colt's revolver, and the following word of en- couragement for which he was ever grateful to those gentlemen: To Captain John Lonergan, (Emmet Guard.) Dear Sir — We beg your acceptance of the accompanying revolver, as a slight testimonial of the regard we entertain for you as a man, and the confidence we have in you as a soldier and an officer. With a steady hand and a quick eye, we trust the revolver will never tail you in the hour of danger. At Brattleboro came the leave-taking and the final preparations to start tor Washington. With the company now fully organized some reference to their make-up as they turned out for drill seems opportune. An examination of the original rolls, preserved among the papers of the late Captain Lonergan gives interesting results. The medical inspector's report, dated Burlington, September 17th, 1S62, shows 103 men on the list, with 11 rejected and 17 minors. According to this report 42 men enlisted from Rutland, 35 from Burlington, 21 from Westford, and one man from each of the following towns: Georgia, Vergennes, Essex, Benson and Wallingford. When the company reached Brattleboro to be mustered in on October 10th, the thinning out of undesirable recruits began. There are shown in these rolls 116 names, of which 11 are marked deserted, 8 not present at muster, and 14 re.iected by the medical inspector, leaving 83 officers and men accepted. Of the 8 men not present at the muster-in, a subsequent report dated three weeks later declares that three men had deserted, and one was ill. A misplaced initial would account for the presence of another private, giving a remainder of three more not reported. Upon comparing this roll with previous ones, one supplementing the other as to details, it is found that some 20 native Vermonters were mustered in, of which about 15 were from Westford. There were besides 5 French-Canadian citizens accepted, making in round figures 60 Irish-Americans, 1 from Burlington and Rutland, and 25 native Vermonters and French- Canadians, who marched shoulder to shoulder in Company A. The journey to the South, the arrival at Baltimore, and the camp at Capitol Hill, in Washington, together with the marches into and in Virginia must be passed over. All this and the clashes with the enemy served the purpose of moulding Company A, into what Colonel Randall was accustomed to call his Irish Regulars. This phrase does credit to their efficiency, as it also records an attachment existing between captain and rank and file, that prompted him in the height of the battle of Gettysburg to decline to leave the company, and assume the duties of the lieutenant colonel, who had been reported wounded. Besides he also felt, though the matter is a delicate one to mention, that he had not been promoted at the proper time, and this with the recollection of earlier difficulties, made him determined to stand by his men. who in fact always stood by him. In this connection an Incident, regarding an unintentional encroachment on the liberty of conscience requires mention. When the first Christmas came around the usual orders were issued to attend divine service. Knowing the feelings of his men, most of whom were Catholics, and while declaring afterwards, the day might have been better observed under the circumstances by going to a non-Catholic service than by idling in camp. Captain Lonergan objected to being forced to go, and refused to turn out his company. For this breach of discipline captain Lonergan was placed under arrest and relieved of his sword. This occurrence, which attained much celebrity in camp at the time, ended in the honorable return of the sword, and in a modification of regimental orders to the extent that in future attendance at church services was made voluntary. Such incidents go far to show that the following address presented to Captain Lonergan in Virginia by the company, with a sword and belt, was no unmeaning bit of phrasing, but was on the contrary a genuine testimonial of affection and regard: Occoquan, Virginia, May 9th, 1S63. Captain Lonergan — Sir: It is with pleasure and with pride that this duty devolves upon me. to perform which I have been deputed by the members of your company. They have long had it in mind to present you with some token, however, small, to represent to you the high opinion they have of your gallantry and courage as a soldier, the great respect they entertain for you as a man of upright integrity, and faithful and fearless attachment and devotion to what is right and just: but above all, to express to you their appreciation of your conduct towards them as "OUR CAPTAIN." Sir. though you have always performed your duty without fear or favor, yet you have tempered it with kindness and forbearance towards those under your command. It has been your endeavor to soften and mitigate the hardships of the camp, the march. 430 'I'lu' Tliiiti'ciith Regiment J'cnnout I'oliiiiterrs. and the bivouac. You have. Sir, done all in your power to make us good soldiers; you were always watchful of our good name and welfare; you saw that nothing was left undone, which ought to have been done to make us contented and comfortable. Sir. you have been kind to us. Receive, then, from us. this sword and belt, as a mark of our appreciation of that kindness, as also of your conduct as a man and a soldier — as an officer and a gentleman. We know you will carry it with gallantry and courage; and when it Hashes and gleams on the battlefield, we have the proud satisfaction of knowing that this trusted steel cannot be propelled by stouter arm. nerved by braver heart than yours. Long may you live to wear it! Lieut. John T. Sinnott. •• David McDevitt. Sergeant James B. Scully. Thomas Blake. Joseph Weeks. F. W. Burtch. Corporal John Patten. " Thomas Traynor. Thos. J. Cullegan. " Timothy Cummings. Torrey W. Sibley. Allen G. Frisbie. " Jacob S. Drew. John Crowley. Private Paul Seegar. Israel Videlle. Albert Tisdelle. John Ashey. Albert Swan. John Lang. Terrence Tully. James Knowles. Michael Quilty. '' Peter Gaherty. William Woodruff. Joseph McLaughlin. Private Lewis Martin. Michael Moylan. Joseph Wallace. Thomas Farrell. Julius Goodrich. Edgar H. Woodruff. David T. Hard. Otis X. Rublee. Patrick Corey. John Shannahan. Patrick Ready. John Nugent. Martin Maloy. Edward McXellis. Michael O'Loughlin. Peter Shiette. " Nicholas Lamb. Edward Lyons. " Michael Mclnerny. " James Corey. " William Ryan. " John Collins. John Hanlin. Patrick McMahon. Patrick Mclnerny. This touching and manly address was written by Lieutenant Sinnott. who left his school teacher's desk in Rutland to go to the front with Company A. His death at Gettysburg was much regretted. Before the battle both lieutenant and captain agreed to write but not to mail their letters home, so in case anything happened to either of them, one would know what to do. It became the sad duty of Captain Lonergan to take charge of Lieutenant Sinnott's letter, wherein were instructions as to the disposal of his effects, and a word to his betrothed. The grave was marked and later the remains were brought to Vermont for interment in West Rutland, where a monument has since been raised to his memory by the town authorities. A short time previous to the presentation of the sword and belt Company A, was detached from the regiment, and supported by the 2nd Connecticut Battery, was placed to guard Wolf Run Shoals. What attracted much attention at the time for its daring capture of a Union general in camp, is referred to in the following order: Head Quarteis 12th Regiment. Vt. Vols. Near Wolf Run Shoals. Va.. Feb. 6th. 1863. Captain — You will detail from your company one (1) lieutenant, and fifteen (15) men to occupy the upper part of Ford's barn to-night. One man will be kept continually on the lookout especially towards morning. By order of, COL. A. P. BLUNT. P. S. — This detail will be relieved at 7;.30 o'clock a. m. to-morrow. This order, which was repeated three days later, relates to the capture of General Stoughton, by Mosby's guerillas, at P'airfax Court House. The ob.ject of sending a detail of Company A. to the barn was to make a prisoner of Miss Ford, who was supposed to have been instrumental in the capture of the Union general, by making known to Mosby's men the countersign of the picket line. She was subsequently arrested Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 431 but was released owing to lack of evidence. Interesting as these events are. with their unmistakable touch of camp life, the skirmishing and the strange feeling of being in the enemy's country, they can only be briefly referred to. It is but necessary to say that Company A, with the other Vermont companies, had all the while taken advantage of every opportunity to fit themselves for the great battle that was now to burst over their heads with a shock, the echo of which will long be heard in American History. (Company A, was time-expired as some claimed by nearly two months when the federal and confederate armies began to converge to a central point, to decide supremacy at Gettysburg, but to a man they decided to go into the fight.) What led up to the battle need not here be related. It is a matter of general history, as is also the marvellous attempt made by General Lee to invade Pennsylvania, and threaten Washington. It would however give a very inadequate idea of what was going on not to mention that the 2nd Vermont Brigade, under the command of General Stannard, was fully aware of the importance of the seven days' march they completed before arriving at Gettysburg, at sunset, on the first day of the battle July 1st, 1863. On the afternoon of that day, Company A, with other Vermont troops came within earshot of the cannonading. The certain proof that the enemy was now in front, and that there was work to be done outweighed every recollection of fatigue, crowded their minds with fugitive thoughts of home, of the peaceful view of nature that lay on each side of them, but above all with the sense of duty, that none but a soldier could know, at that moment when duty became more personal and imperative to them as the hours wore on. The mounted courier that brought the news of the death of General Reynolds, and the determined stand the Confederates were making, acted on their minds with a premonitary effect, and as they felt the battle was to be no common one, they girded themselves for the conflict. The canvas here becomes so large, the number of eminent generals and officers on both sides so great, and the feats of heroism so numerous, that to confine the great panorama to the doings of one brigade and to one regiment, and to one company, seems a task bound to result in failure. But as each company and each regiment and each brigade are units, performing in miniature the simi of deeds done at Gettysburg, it is obvious that, providing the proper perspective be observed, the record of one regiment nay of one company, cannot but prove of interest. As regards Company A, Captain Lonergan always had reason to feel proud that he and his men performed their full duty. Two achievements stand out above the rest in this record; the part taken by the company in the re-capture of 4 guns of a U. S. Battery. Turnbull's or Weir's of the Reserve Artillery and the capture, by the company of sharpshooters and infantrymen in and about the Peter Rogers house on the Emmltsburg road. As to the re-capture of 4 guns of a Battery U. S. Artillery Reserve when the order to charge bayonets was given. Company A, was not behind the other companies under command of Colonel Randall. The boys of Company A. were among the first to reach the lost battery and covered themselves with glory in that brave and daring incident. As creditable as this was, and though the honor of re-capturing the guns of that battery is shared by those who took part therein, Company A, was now called on to perform a most gallant deed, one in fact that only brave men could hope to accom- plish. (Benedict, Vermont in the Civil War, Vol. II, p. 457.) When it was noticed that the regiment was sustaining severe loss from firing that came from the Rogers house on the Emmltsburg road. Colonel Randall, turning to Captain Lonergan said: "that house is full of sharpshooters, take your company and capture them." There was no hesitation to comply. Captain Lonergan afterwards wrote an account of the part taken by Company A. in the battle on reaching the house. "Near the door I saw an officer with a rifle in his hands and called for his surrender, demanded and received his sword and shouted: 'Come out here, every confounded one of you.' My order was obeyed instantly, for the Confederates came tumbling out until we had a large number of prisoners. Each man laid down his gun, until I had a considerably larger number of men as prisoners than I had in my entire company." Colonel Randall wrote the following letter to Captain Lonergan soon after the war. It was apparently in reply to a request for a statement of the company's record, and coming from such a source it must long be held in estimation for its fair discrimina- tion as regards Company A. Montpelier. July 13th, 1869. Captain : Your letter is received. I shall always be found ready to do justice to old Com- pany "A" of the 13th Regiment, ranking officer and all. I have on more than one occasion particularized that Company for their efficiency as soldiers, and particularly for their zeal and bravery at Gettysburg. Some interested parties have tried, and are still trying, to rob the 13th Regiment of the laurels fairly won by them at Gettysburg, 43- //''■ I liirtccnih Regiment rennoiit I Oliiiileers. or to parcel them with other regiments who had no pari in them. It any act entitled the brlprade to commendation during the fight, it was the retaking of Hancock's guns and the capture of two guns from the ret)els. and the capture of prisoners on the afternoon of the second day of the battle. To you and your company belongs the immediate honor of capturing i)risonerss at the Roger's house on the Emmitsburg road. And on the following day. when the ll'tli led and made the flank attack on the rebel column that attempted to break our center. Company "A" being the right company of the Regiment, nobly stood and formed the pivot on which the Regiment swung as we changed front under the most murderous fire of the battle, and I have not forgotten, too. that it was here that the noble Sinnoll fell. The |)osition of your Company at that moment was most trying of all. being at a standstill, while the other companies were in motion. This was a daring movement to perform and we lost several lirave boys in its execution, but I shall always believe the result of the battle of Gettysburg turned on the circumstance of General Stannard and his Second Vermont Brigade holding the front battle line against which General Pickett with his 12,000 gallant heroes made their desi)erate and last charge; and in this opinion I am sustained by many good oflRcers, among whom were Doubleday and Hancock, the latter of whom has so assured me by his autograph letters, which I have. Now. Captain, I hope you do not think that I laid up anything against you per- sonally on account of the Ranking Officer affair, for I never did. All colts have to be halter broke and then we get good horses of them. 7 had some colts. Truly. F. V. RANDALL. The concluding paragraph of a statement prepared by Captain Lonergan on the subject of Company A, about which he talked but rarely, except when strongly moved as on this occasion, deserves to be quoted:"! trust I may be excused" he says, "for using the personal pi'onoun so often. It is not easy to separate me from my company. I have in this letter given testimony of the valor of Comi)any A. Heman Allen was there, .las. B. Scully was there, Sibly, Hanlin, Shannahan and others were there. God alone saved you boys, and long may you live to enjoy the blessings of your great nation, to behold her as she is, great, glorious and free." Out of a total of 11 killed in the regiment at Gettysburg, Company A. lost 4 men. to which should be added the name of Sergeant-Major Smith who fought with the company in the battle on .Tuly 3rd. in the capacity of lieutenant. The killed of Com- pany A. were: Lieutenant John T. Sinnott. Sergeant Thomas Blake. Patrick Corey and Michael Mclnerny. The wounded were: Corporal T. W. Sibley, John Hanlin, Martin Maloy. Michael Moylan, John Shannahan, William Woodruff, and Joseph Wallace, making a total of 12 casualties. (Benedict: Vermont in the Civil War. Vol. II. pp. 4SS. 494; also attached list.) Among the papers of the late Captain Lonergan is the following comment on the discharge of the company, between whom and the writer there was always a strong bond of affection, in fact more than is usual between officer and men: "After the gallant work done and the remarkable achievements of the 1.3th Vermont, and by my boys in particular, as stated by the colonel above, the 13th Vermont may well retire to their own green hills, having so nobly finished their term of enlistment." The regiment having been ordered home a few days after the battle of Gettysburg, was discharged from the service of the United States at Brattleboro. Vt., July 21st, 1863. On arrival at Burlington, Vt., Comijauy A, was royally welcomed. An address on behalf of the citizens was read to Captain Lonergan by Sol Adams. It was a joyful occasion to see loved ones again, and though the ranks had been thinned by death and disease,- their reputation had gone before them, to the responsive hearts of generous minded people, "all of whom turned out to receive us", wrote Captain Loner.gan, 'all work being suspended for the occasion, that I and my men will long hold in grateful remembrance." Though the late Captain Lonergan was never wounded, he sustained internal injuries that incapacitated him for a time after his return to Vermont. But to the call of duty he was ever attentive. What is known as the St. Albans Raid roused up the people of Vermont to the danger that lay near their doors. The news that an armed force had crossed the line from the Dominion of Canada into the State, and had looted several banks, caused emergency meetings to be held, and as the Dominion was the home of many Confederates, with whom the Canadians were in symi)athy. it was deter- mined to take active measures to repel any attack that might come from that quarter. Captain Lonergan was chosen to recruit Burlington's quota of 1.5 men, and enlisted himself as a sergeant, on May 3rd, 1S6.5, in the Frontier Cavalry, (26th, New York), and was on duty near Saxe's Mills when Lee surrendered, being discharged from service June 27th, ISfi.'i, at Burlington. In civil life Captain Lonergan was twice appointed a deputy collector of V. S. Customs. The last occasion was in 1886 when he was sent to Montreal, Canada. It Biographical and Historical of Companx A. 433 was while living in that city that deserved recognition was made by the U. S. Govern- ment of his services as a soldier. Upon recommendation being sent to Washington by the friends of Captain Lonergan. at the head of which was Senator Proctor, the much coveted medal of honor was granted to him as is referred to in the following letter: Record and Pension Office. War Department, Washington City, Oct. 28th, 1893. Captain John Lonergan. late of Co. A, 13th Vt. Vols., Montreal, P. Q., Canada. Captain — I am directed by the Secretary of War to inform you that I have this day forwarded to you in registered mail a medal of honor, awarded you for distinguished gallantry in action at Gettysburg, Pa., .July 2, 1863, in accordance with the act of Con- gress approved March 3rd, 1863, providing for the presentation of the medals of honor to such officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates as have most distinguished themselves in action. Very respectfully, F. F. AINSWORTH, Col. V. 8. Army. The full inscription on the reverse side of the bronze medal reads as follows: "The Congress to Captain John Lonergan. Company A, 13th Vermont, Volunteers for distinguished gallantry in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863." In the official circular published by direction of Secretary of War Taft in 1904, giving the list of names of those to whom the medals of honor had been awarded, with reference to Captain Lonergan, it is declared the award was made for "Gallantry in the re-capture of four guns and the capture of two additional guns from the enemy, also the capture of a number of prisoners." * Captain Lonergan held his position in the U. S. Customs till failing health obliged him to retire. He died August 6th, 1902, in Montreal, and was buried at Burlington, a place towards which his heart ever turned. In politics Captain Lonergan was a Democrat, and in religion a Roman Catholic. Any sketch of him would not be complete without a reference to his adherence to fixed principles, an instance of which may be mentioned. After losing his first political ap- pointment, he piciied up his tools and worked at his trade for some fifteen years till his party went into power again, when he was re-appointed. Conduct of this kind and his war record won him friends among both parties, wherever he went. His sense of humor, quick wit, and command of ready effective speech, made him as much at home on the public platform, as he was a welcome guest at the camp-fire and banquet table. He is survived by his wife, one son and two daughters. It may not be out of place here to remark that Captain Lonergan, in 1864, published and edited in Burlington during six months, a weekly paper called "The Irish Watchman." THOMAS F. LONERGAN. ■ lo.=;t by General Lee during the battle of Gettysburg. 434 ^ ''<' I liirlcciitli Rcyimciit I 'cniunil I 'ohinlccrs. HEMAN W. ALLEN Was born in the town of Wcstfoid. ChiUenden County, Vermont, 1844. Enlisted 1862; joined Company A, Captain .John Lonergan, KUli Vermont Regiment; served as Com- pany Clerlt, discliarged at Brattleboro witli tlie Regiment. At time of enlistment was clerk in a country store at Westford. Fall of 1SG3 entered Eastman's Business College at Foughkeepsie, New York. After graduation was employed as a teacher in that Institution for a few months. Returned to Vermont spring of 1864; entered the employ of Edwaid Lyman, a dry goods merchant, at Burlington. Formed a co-partnership in 1869, the firm being Lyman & Allen, continuing until 1890. when, upon the death of Mr. Lyman, the fiini became H. W. Allen & Co., so remaining until the present time. Married in ISSl to Miss Juliette Keeler. One son, Edward Lyman Allen, named after an old friend and business partner; is 16 years old and a member of the Class of 1904, St, Paul's School, Garden City. N. Y. Edward Lyman Allen, assisted Miss Lois K. Clark, daughter of Colonel Henry O. Clark in unveiling the monument of the 1.3th Veiniont Regiment at Gettysburg. MILITARY RECORD. Eighteen hundred and sixty-two and eighteen hundred and sixty-three, private Company A. K^th Veimont Regiment. 186.")-1S68, First Lieutenant Company I, 1st Reg- iment Vermont State Militia, Colonel William D. Munson. 1894, Inspector Rifle Practice Vermont National Guard, with rank of Colonel on the Staff of Governor l'. A. Woodbury; elected Delegate to National Encampment Grand Army of the Republic 1899: again elected Delegate in 1901. 1899. appointed Aide-de-camp on the Staff of Wm. C. .Johnson, Commander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic: was elected Ti-easurer of the, 13th Vermont Regiment Association at its organization. Is the only officer of the Asso- ciation who has held same office since its formation: served as President of the Associa- tion June 1890 to June, 1901. 1902 chief of Staff Commander R. E. Hathern, Depart- ment of Vermont G. A. R. 1903, reaiipointed by Department Commander Frank Kenfield to same office. FINANCIAL Eighteen hundred and ninty, elected a Director of Merchants' National Bank of Burlington, Vt.. 1902, chosen Vice-President of same, probably the strongesst Financial Institution in the State. The foregoing is Comrade Heman W. Allen's contribution to this History. He has held important political positions. The most exclusive doors of society are open to him. His business methods and achievements are the admiration of his friends. He has never turned a deaf ear to the demands of charity. His character is good and worthy of emulation. He devoted some of the best portion of his life to the service of liis country. His personality has impressed itself upon his State. He was Treasurer of the Sub-Committee on the Gettysburg Monument of the 13th Vermont Regiment. His prudent counsel and generous benevolence helped to make that Monument i)ossible. The writer, therefore, believed that his comrades had the right to a more extended biography: But. knowing that modesty is not his least prominent characteristic, wrote Colonel Allen for pei mission to amplify the foregoing record. The following is his reply in part: "1 assure you I appreciate your kind interest and will be very glad to have you smoothe out the rough places in the statement 1 submitted. Don't make it too broad: If I have lived honestly and soberly among my fellow-men. and can continue to do so until the end. leaving a good name as an inheritance, with a record of some good and little mischief, I ought to be satisfied." If modesty is the measure of merit, the foregoing record and this characteristic reply are suggestive. In the life of every man with strong predilections for a certain vocation, there are found early indications of a preference for that work, and these instinctive express' .ms may sometimes be traced through an entire life. During Napoleon's banishment to Elba and St. Helena he was planning fortifica- tions and laying out harbors safe in stoims, and that could be easily defended from assault. The ruling passion could not be suppressed. There are facts in the life of Comrade Allen that furnished evidence that those who have distinguished themselves as soldiers and poets are not the only men who were born to their avocations. The record shows that he was clerk in a country store at 18, when he enlisted. During his term of service he was Company Clerk. His intimate relations with his officers would naturally have given him the !)reference, had he desired Biographical and Historical of Coinpany A. 435 a non-commissioned appointment, and there were vacancies; but he accepted none and cared for none of these. He lvei)t his gun clean and his powder dry. and in the days of battle he took his place in the ranlart of our company was boarded at the Howard House kept by Dan Barber. In a few days we were ordered to Brattleboro to be mustered into the service. We were there in camp about two weeks. We were then sent to Washington. D. C. and camped on Capitol Hill. They made a teamster of me and in about two days the quarter- master went with us to get our teams. Well, we arrived safely to where the horses and wagons were. I got my rig consisting of four horses, wild as hawks, never had a harness on. Well after about two hours of hard work with four or five men we succeeded in getting the animals hitched to the wagons. I mounted the seat which consisted of a rough board without springs or cushion. I was ordered to take a load of bread to camp and after considerable manipulating I got started with my rig and bread, pretty soon my steeds wanted to go faster and I had to let them go. kept them headed towards camp. The patrolmen were after me with drawn sabers, ordering me to drive slower, but I stuck to the wagon and let them go. Well I got into camp my bread scattered all along the road for three miles. I turned the team over to the quartermaster and resigned my position. At the request of the surgeon. Doctor Nichols. I was detailed to drive ambulance. They managed to keep me going from camp to the city every day. I generally had the company of the assistant surgeon, the chaplain and the colonel, we had pretty good times. When I found anything loose in the streets that I thought my tentmates would like I would pick it up and take it in. I presume the boys remember Charley Barr, of Company K, well Charley was with me one day in Washington on our return to camp. I think the chaplain and others wore Biographical and Historical of Company A. 441 along. On the outskirts of Alexander there was a grocery store kept by an old gray back. Near his store I stopped to water my horses, well Charley got out and went into the store. We could see him talking with the proprietor and some of the others went over to see what he was doing. As they went in they began to talk with the old man and Charley skipped out but not without bringing a cook stove with him. 1 protested about doing things that way but it did no good; he put the stove in the ambulance and we took it to camp. July 3rd, 1863, I was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg and that ended my service. If you can make anything out of this you will do well. Yours in F. C. and L., DAVID T. HARD. David T. Hard still resides in Alameda, Cal. He was appointed by Department Commander Frank Kempfield an aide de camp on his staff and rendered excellent service at the national encampment in San Francisco. He is a notary public and is familiarly known as Judge Hard. He is a brother of the late Hon. E. R. Hard, of Burlington, one of the best known lawyers in Vermont. At the time of the earth- quake in San Francisco comrade Hard helped materially in looking after and caring for the sufferers and describes the scenes as most dreadful. H. W. A. JOHN HANLIN I was born in the old city of Limerick. Ireland, December 25, 1846, on the sunny banks of the still running waters of the dear old Shannon. I left my Shamrock home when a small boy with my parents and sailed over the sea to America and settled down in Bur- lington, Vermont, and here I attended school and lived until President Lincoln made a call for 300,000 nine months' men to enlist and put down the war. I watned to go into the aimy so volunteered on the 2nd day of September, 1862, and joined Captain Loner- gan's Company A, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. This company was then called the Emmet Guards. I was only 16, but quite large, rugged and strong, and was bubling over for a chance to fire a gun and help put down the wicked rebellion. Though born in Ireland I knew no land or home except the United States of America and though a meie loy was anxious to go to the war and fight for my adopted country. I read the papers and could see the rebels were whipping us in every fight, and unless we all pitched in to help, those fellows that wanted to buy and sell niggers would soon conquer and make a government to suit themselves and come North and tell us what we must do. I thought this a good country and was ready and willing to do what I could to save it. I had a pretty good time and never saw a day that I was sorry that I joined the army. Company A men were mostly Irish and of course now and then had little disagreement among ourselves and sometimes a saucy boy got a hit on the head with a shillalah which usually ended the scrap. But these little differences were soon forgotten and forgiven and all were jovial and ready and willing for duty on the picket line, the march, and at all times anxious for a fight with the enemy. I do not believe there was one coward in Company A. Soldier life agreed with me and I grew strong and waxed warm for a chance to be in a big fight. The one we had at Fairfax Court House when General Stuart thought he was going to gobble us up in the night only just whetted my appetite for a genuine battle and I did not have to wait long before a big one was on at Gettysburg. I was in the fight from early morning to late evening each day and on the last day when we made the charge against General Pickett was quite seriously wounded, a rifle ball passed through my jaw. I did not pay much attention to it at the time, but blood filled my mouth and run out pretty fast. Could not eat or talk very well for several days. I could fight and march just as well as before and stuck by to the end and was mustered out with my company July 21, 1863. I soon recovered from my wound and worked for a while with my father at the trade of coopering. The war continued and I enlisted again July 20, 1865 with the first U. S. Artillery and served 22 months in Battery A. After I returned worked at my trade, coopering. I married May A. Slattery, of Montpelier, February 3rd, 1868. I now reside in Bristol, Vt., am a member of Walter C. Dunton Post No. 110, G. A. R. Now comrade Sturtevant I have complied with your request as well as I can. If It does not suit throw it in the waste basket and it will be all right. JOHN HANLIN. 442 riic Thiflcciith Rajimciit I'cniuml I'olunlccrs. WILLIAM R. WOODRUFF was born in Keeseville. County of Clinton. State of New York, in the year 1840, residing there until the year ISiJS, when with his parents moved to the town of West- ford. County of Chittenden. State of Vermont, in .July. 1SG2. he enlisted in the 13th Vt. Vols.. Company A, Capt. .lohn I^onergan. After stopi>ing in Burlington for about six weeks, he was mustered in at Brattleboro. reieiving his necessary etjuiitment. among which was a pole about 10 feet in length to carry when on guard instead of a gun with strict orders to shoot the first i>erson who attempted to cross the line. His first ex- perience while acting in this i-apacity in strict compliance with orders, was when he managed by lowering sights a little, to knock the underpinning from under one Culligan as he was crossing his heat. In the second day's tight he was slightly wounded in the fingers of his right hand which made him wholly unable to ca|i or load his gun. He came home with tlie regiment and was mustered out the 21st day of .July. 1863. He re-enlisted in the Oneida Cavalry and was detailed in the Quartermaster's department until the close of the war when he was discharged .Tune 29th. 1865. By reason of sickness he was moved to Augar General Hosptal near Alexandria the day on which he was ordered to turn in his horse, from whiih he was discharged when able to return home. PETER SHIATTE was only 19 years of age when he volunteered into Captain Ijonergan's Company A. 13th Regiment Veimont Volunteers. Was born on tile Sth day of May. 1843. I-iis education was limited to the common schools of Vermont, and adverse circumstances prevented continuous attendance even on the district schools. He was a solid healthy young man and to all a])pearance at time of enlistment well calculated for a soldier. He was on hand to do his full duty at all times night or day — never shrank from duty' or complained of hardship. He was company cook for a while but was not a success at that so some of the boys claimed. His comrades thought he should prepare cake, pies and pudding occasionally and found fault because he could not make pies, cakes and puddings out of beans, rice, hard tack and salt pork. It was not a soft job to cooli for 100 hungry boys and satisfy all. Comrade Shiatte was better on the pi'cket line, march, and in the battle than running the comjiany cook tent. He graduated quite early as cook and took up the more suitable duties of a soldier. He never allowed anyone to cross the picket line night or day. friend or toe until they had advanced and given the countersign in a proper manner. Every officer though stars, bars and eagles glistened on breast and shoulder must submit to the same rule when desirous of cross- ing the picket line he walked and guarded. He obeyed instructions to the letter. He made an exemplary soldier and returned home with his share of honors won on the battlefield of Gettysburg. He was mustered out with the regiment .July 21st, 1863. On return to civil life learned the trade of tinsmith and metal worker, settled down to business, becoming an industrous liardworking. successful mechanic. He married and six children blessed the union. .Josephin Ida, Felix Frederick. Frank. George. Eddy and Tlieodore. all living and jirosperous and happy. He says that he shall want one book for each child. Comrade Shiatte has moved about some to better his situation and satisfy his desire and curiosity and to see and know sonietliing about this land that he faced cannon to save. The company clerk H. W. Allen says. "He was a pretty good man and soldier, but mighty poor oook!" His present post office address. 127 .Main St., Fall River, Mass. EDWARD A. FISK, VVaitsfield, Vt., Historian of Co. B, 13th Vt. Vols. Biographical and Historical CO. B Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated in sacred remembrance of First Lieut. Nathaniel Jones, Jr., who died at Washington, D. C, Oct. 30th, 1862. The first Hfe of the regiment offered up on the alter of country for the preservation of the Union. Bio(jra[i)ointed by the judges of the Supreme Court, reporter of its decisions. He reported and published eight volumes of the Vermont Law Reports, commencing with the 53d Vt. Report. In 1888 he was elected by the Legislature State Superintendent of Education and was re-elected in 1890, serving four years in that capacity. Mr. Palmer is the author of several important statute laws. In 1888 he introduced three bills, one to "sui)press bucket-shops, gambling in stocks, bonds, grain, etc." another to "prevent (he sale of fermented cider." and a third that affords "a better protection to the homestead." These became laws. In 1890 and 1892 he collected many statistics, and i)ub!ished them in his reports to the Legislature, which showed the gross inequality of taxation for the support of the common schools. In 1890 he wrote a bill and caused it to be introduced, which appropriated about $100,000 from the state treasury, to be divided equally among the legal schools. This was passed and became a law. In 1892 he wrote another bill and caused it to be intro- duced which abolished the old district system, and adoi)ted the town system of schools. This also became a law. In both his reports to the Legislature he strongly urged that these measures were absolutely necessary for any real improvement of our schools. In 1896 he introduced a bill which became a law. that put the school-houses as to "lighting, heating, ventilation and other sanitary arrangements." in the control of the State Board of Health. Lieut. Palmer was married June 1.5th. 186.5 to Miss Addle D. Hartshorn, daughter of Hon. Wlliam H. Hartshorn. Guildhall. Vt. Their children are: Edwin V. Palmer, .Ir.. born February 24. 1868; Annie D. Palmer, born March 23. 1870; Alice D. Palmer, born May 23, 1872; Mabel Palmer, born August 15, 1874: John H. Palmei-, born June 9. 1877: Charles C. Palmer, born April 8. 1879; Robert W. Palmer, born July 9. 1884. HENRY ALBEE DEWEY. Sargeant Dewey's ancestors were of the old Puritan stock and came to New England at a very early date, he being the seventh in direct line of descent from Thomas Dewey, who immigrated from Sandwich. Kent, England in the ship Lion's Whelp, landing at Boston in May, 1633. He settled in Dorchester. Mass., and after- wards at Windsor, Conn. Henry Dewey, father of Albee. was born at Hanover. N. H. He married Amelia Dutton. of Berlin. Vt.. and died at Waitsfield. Vt., in 1875. aged 96 years. Simeon, brother of Henry, was grandfather of Admral Dewey. Henry Albee Dewey, was born at Montpelier. Vt.. April 28, 1832. He married Lucy I. Whitney at West Abington. Penn., October 2, 1855. They had one son born at Westchester, Jay County, Ind., September 8, 1858. The most of Serg't Dewey's boyhood was passed at Waitsfield, where he attended the common schools of the town. For several years prior to the war he had been employed in an agency which took him away from his early home. He traveled extensively in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Missouri and his opinion regarding the condition of the society in the latter state is forcibly expressed in a letter to an old friend In ISoS. At about the beginning of the war Mr. Dewey returned to Vermont and in August. 1862. enlisted and helped to organize Company B. He was appointed first sergeant of that company, which position he held throughout our term of service. According to his descriptive list, he was five feet. 11 inches high, dark complexion, black hair. At first, for some reason, he was not extremely popular with the boys, but we believe that he ever performed the duties of his difficult and responsible position as orderly sergeant of the company faithfully and well and, after a few months his intrinsic worth became manifest more and more and at the last there was not a non-commissioned officer in the com- pany who stood higher in the estimation of his comrades. After the battle of Gettys- burg he wrote his sister, "I am well and in good spirits, have passed through some terrible scenes since I last wrote you, hut I came out unharmed for which I trust I am truly thankful to God, tor t seems that It was only by a miraculous Interposition of Providence that any ot us are here. How a regiment could be shelled tor six hours as we were and so few injured is to me incomprehensible. God protected us — perhaps In answer to iirayer. Throughout the whole time my almost constant prayer was 'God protect us.' " After the regiment was mustered out Comrade Dewey went to Pennsylvania where his family was at the time, and there re-enlisted in the Signal Corps, Oct. 23, 1863. He was sent to Newburn, N. C, January 1st. 1864. Soon after he was placed in command of a signal station at Fort Gaston. He was attacked with Biographical and Historical of Company B. 453 yellow fever September 26. 1S64, and died September 29. Buried in soldier's cemetery, Newburn. His last letter written only two weeks before his death, showed the same patriotic spirit that he ever evinced. He says: "I do think that it looks more like a termination of the war ,iust now than ever before. It does seem to me that if Lincoln Is re-elected the Reb's last hope will be dead, that 'last ditch' will be within 'hailing distance' if they are not already in it. We solders here are all going to vote for Abraham and mean to elect him." A COMRADE. GEORGE ORANGE BOYOE Second Sergeant Company B, 13th Vermont Volunteers. My fathers name was Artemas Boyce and my mother Lucinda McCloud Boyce. I was born at Fayston, Washington County, Vt., August 15th. 1834. My paternal grandfather. Nathan Boyce, came to Fayston from Rochester, N. H., a pioneer among the early settlers. My maternal grandfather, John McLoud participated in the Revolutionary War. and later in the second war with England. 1812-14, losing a leg at the battle of Lundy's Lane, surviving many years thereafter, dying in good old age 85. I married Laura Brigham, daughter of Elisha and Sophronia Ryder Brigham, at Waitsfield. Vt., November 22nd, 1855. Six children were born to us, Lenore, Ida L., (Mrs. M. B. Kantz, New York), Alice M., Ada L., Lou L., and Clayton Brigham, of whom Mrs. Kantz, Lou L., (Mrs F. A. Haydan, Montpelier, Vt), Clayton B., Montpelier, Vt.. now survive. The last named served as 1st sergeant. Company H, 1st Vermont Regiment in the Spanish-American War. I grew to manhood on a farm, had the usual experience of farm-life, my education was in the district school. Soon after marriage I bought a farm on which 1 lived and conducted successfully until the outbreak of the Civil War. The patriotic blood of my grandsire was stirred, and I could not long resist the call "to arms", and on the 25th day of August, 1862, I enlisted in Company B, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Captain O. C. Wilder commanding, and was mustered into service at Brattleboro, October 10th, 1862. I shared the vicissitudes of camp-life with my comrades with no exceptional experience until the, to me memorable day. May 14th, 1863. On that date in company with Sergeant Silsby and Private Griffith, started to visit Alexandria, utilizing the commissary teams, being sent to Fairfax Station for camp supplies, as an easier mode of conveyance than the proverbial "Shanks horse", to which we were only too well accustomed. We left our arms in camp, even to our revolvers, and the teamsters were also defenceless, it being supposed that the enemy had no forces in this section. We had only proceeded a short distance from camp when a party of guerrillas swooped down on us a defenceless trio of soldiers and our comrades, the teamsters, and making us all prisoners, siezed the horses and mules which was the direct object of their raid. They had use for the teams but none for their prisoners. Quickly unharnessing the teams they gave the boys their choice between a horse and mule to ride. I chose a mule thinking it might be more endurable to ride bare back than a horse, though I pretented to my captors that I was afraid to ride a horse, and chose the mule because if I should fall off, as I was sure would be the case, it would not be so far to fall. I acted the country bumpkin as well as I could answering their questions as to the number of men still left in the north, etc., in a way calculated to convince them and inspire them with wonder at the hordes of yankees still waiting to pour down upon the south. The Rebels gave us but little time to prepare for the .iourney being in a hurry to get safely beyond the reach of the regiment before they were discovered, and they rode as if it were indeed a matter of life and death. Through the tangled woods, brambles and hedges, fording the rivers several times where the water was over the backs of the horses and mules, they forced us unwilling captives at breakneck speed until they reached Gainesville; here feeling secure of their booty, they paroled us prisoners certain we could not get back to camp in time for the regiment to overtake them and wrest their plunder from them. Left alone, we boys began to realize the emptiness of all things mundane, including their stomachs, and to long for some of Uncle Sams' hard tack and coffee, having been without rations since our morning meal. Wandering about in search of some place of entertainment we came to an old plantation on the old Bull Run battlefield. The house was inhabited by women only, all of the sterner sex being in the rebel army no doubt: the house showed plainly the ravages of war, several having been killed here at the first battle of Bull Run, and one woman was shot in the house, and many afterwards took refuge in the cellar. This information was given us by the women who were themselves "Secesh" but were not averse to changing eatables, and a night's lodging (on the floor! for Uncle Sam'3 greenba.cks. Though almost too lame to move we started in the morning to try and find our way back to camp, which we reached at night weary and footsore, where we met a cordial welcome from our comrades who had given us up for lost. I, Boyce received an honorable discharge from service at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, by reason of expiration of term of enlistment. I contracted fever before reaching 454 ' ''<' llni'tcciith Rcijiiuciit I'cniioiil I'ohiiitccrs. hoMie, though was able to get there, but was ill for sonio weeks after. 1 resumed work as a farmer after my return and have always followed that oc-cupation. I am a member of the Washington County Veterans' Assooialloii. 1 have been honored by many offices, constable, justice of the peace, overseer of the poor for many years, and rep- resented the town of Fayston four terms in the General Assembly of Vermont. 1 have also been deputy sheriff, high baliff and county commissioner. In fact have had more than my share of ofJiccs. In 1SS4 I removed to .Montijelier where I reside I am com- paratively happy and as 1 grow old and realize in a measure what the boys who wore the blue accomplished in saving this "happy land of ours", am exceedingly thankful that I volunteered and joined the 13th Vermont Volunteers. Company B had the best captain and best lot of boys in the whole regiment. They were good fighters as well as good fellows. I hope my comrades and friends will excuse the personal references. I am a farmer and not an author or scholar but have comidied as best I can with the request of our Historian. GEORGE O. BOYCE. SERGEANT RUSSELL D. SILSBY was born in Middlesex and enlisted from .Moretown. At the organization of the com- pany he was a|)i)ointed sergeant which office he held through his term of service. He was a faithful soldier and every duty was performed in a conscientious manner. I do not think that he was sick enough to be off duty to any extent at any time. On the nth of May. ISfi?,. in company with Sergeant G. O. Boyce and the teamsters of our regiment he was captured by a hand of guerillas who took them nearly to Gainesville where they were paroled and permitted to return. Soon after the war Mr. Silsby went West and we have little regardin.s; his life since that time. He is reported to have lived in Omaha. Neb. He died a few years ago. ARETUS THAYER was born in Warren and enlisted from that town at the age of 22. He was six feet, two and one-half inches in height, very nearly the tallest man in the company. He had light complexion, dark eyes and light brown hair. At the organization of the company he was appointed sergeant, and w'hen Lieut. Jones died and. the company was given the chance to elect a second lieutenant. Sergeants Thayer and E. F. Palmer were the principal candidates and Palmer was elected by only a bare majority. He was always a general favorite with the boys. He was ever ready to sympathize with them in their troubles, and help them if possible, and anyone in sickness was sure to call forth his tenderest feelings, and he would use his strength to care for. or he would go out of his way to obtain some little delicacy for such a one. Like many in the regiment the close of the Gettysburg campaign found him exhausted to such an extent that he could not rally. He came home with several others a day or tw^o in advance of the company on account of illness. On the way from Brattleboro he made light of his own ailments but was anxious for others. He said that if there was no one to meet him at Roxbury he thought he could come over the mountain afoot but those who were with him knew that he could scarcely walk even a few rods, but they little thought that these were his last ivonls to them. Doubtless he found those who were ready to carry the sick soldier to his home with the tenderest care, but he could not rally and passed away. He was a son of Obed Thayer. MERRILL 0. LUCE enlisted from Middlesex, and at the organization of the company he was appointed first corporal and after the death of Lieut. .Jones he was promoted to sergeant. He was six feet. 1 inch in height, light complexion, blue eyes and light hair. He was born in Middlesex and was eighteen years old at time of enlistment. He served faith- fully through his term of enlistment and was discharged with the regiment. Later he re-enlisted in .'ird Battery, August 28, 1S64. He died in Haverhill, N. H.. some years ago. HON. JOHN DOLPH editor of the Brighton Xews, published at Brighton, Iowa, was born in Essex county, N'ew York. His father was a Methodist preacher. .\t the age of seventeen Mr. Dolph commenced teai hing school, and the following twelve years he spent in school either as a student or teacher. He graduated from the Plattsburg seminary in Plattsburg. N. Y. For 27 years he was a travelling preacher in the Methodist church. In 1S74 he was transferred from the Northern New York to the Upper Iowa M. E. conference, by Bishop Gilbert Haven. His first pastorate in Iowa was at Cresco. the county seat of How-ard county, and his last pastorate was at Eldora, the county seat of Hardin county. Biographical mid Historical of Coiuf^aiix B. 455 He is still a member of the Upper Iowa M. E. Conference, although not in the active ministry, having been for the last 15 years engaged in newsi)aper work. In a mem- bership of nearly 40 years in a Methodist conference, in which every preacher's char- acter undergoes an investigation every year there has never been anything brought against Mr. Dolph's moral, religious or ministerial character. Mr. Dolph served as a Union soldier in the l.'Jth regiment, Vermont Volunteers, and was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Mr. Dolph has been a Republican from the organization of the party, and has voted the straight Republican ticket at every election except one. In that one instance he scratched one name on the ticket for which he thought he had a good reason, and about half the Republicans in the county did the same thing. He served two terms in the Vermont legislature, was elected .Justice of the Peace in St. Lawrence county. New York, for five years, one to fill a vacancy and for the full term of four years, (the term of .Justice of the Peace in New York is four years) and was twice elected Superintendent of schools. He served two terms in the Iowa legislature, having been a member of the House from Hardin county in the 23rd and 24th general assemblies. In the spring of 1S97, Mr. Dolph was appointed postmaster at Brighton, Iowa, w'hich position he still holds. He took possession of the office May 9. 1897, and in May. 1901, was reappointed for another four Vears. He is also proprietor of the Brighton News, a weekly paper published in Brighton, Iowa, and his son is editor. Corporal John Dolph was detailed to act as a member of the color guard and thus was in a very exposed position at the battle of Gettysburg, where he received a severe wound which confined him for some months. DORRIC SMITH STODDARD was born in Waitsfield, Vt., October 21, 1833. He was a farmer until 21 years old. Afterwards farmer and carpenter. He taught a few terms of school in the states of Vermont, Illinois and Kansas. First incident of recollection was when he was 21 years old. His uncle, Chester Smith, hearing the outcries of an older brother ran to the rescue in time to save the subject of this sketch from drowning in Mad river, thereby saving a soldier for Uncle Sam. He married Jan. 22. 1860, Diantha M. Dudley and settled in Fayston. Hardly had the honey-moon passed when from south of Mason's and Dixon's line came fearful mutterings and threatenings of secession should Lincoln be elected president. Like thousands of others he halted between home ties and his country's call until Aug. 2.5, 18C2. when he enlisted and was dubbed Short Corporal of Comijany B. At this point an extract from a poem written for a different time and occasion. may not be inappropriate as showing the conditions and circumstances under which men went to war. and women were left to fight at home. War came at last, he donned the blue And when there flashed along the To join the bloody fray. wires With tearful eyes and aching heart. That third of July day She saw him march away. The news the thirteenth regiment Then turning back with heaving Was in the bloody fray breast. At Gettysburg, her heart sank down. Most wishing she might die. In secret depths did moan — Her eyes fell on the cradle where "My children may be fatherless! Two little ones did lie. Who knows but I'm alone?" She nerved her heart and prayed for But soon there came a beam of light; strength A letter told her well That heavy load to bear. Of husband and of father safe That for the sake of him that's gone Though many comrades fell. She might those loved ones care. And when again he reached his home How true it is that woman's lot — From scenes of war's alarms; Suspense, uncertain, dread — Could joy be more supreme than when Is harder than the lot of those He clasped her in his arms? The battlefield who tread. Returning from the army brought a return of the work dropped at the time of enlistment, the monotony of which was broken by two years of travelling in the Interest of Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown's Insurance Agency in 1874 and 187.5: and one term of service. 1876, in state legislature as Fayston's representative. . The spring of ISSl saw the Fayston farm sold, the home camp broken up; but this time the father did not gather up his gun and cartridges and march off alone, but gathered his carpenter kit and household belongings and with the family started on the march together. A halt of two years was made at Winooski. Vt, and the scene of operations F. A. 45, when he returned to the Company. Wo had almost given up the thought that we should have him with us again during our term of service, but we were mistaken in this, for from the time of his return onward he was tough and hearty, lie stood that last hard march and the battle remarkably well. I shall always remember him as I saw him at Gettysburg, especially during that daring charge of our regiment on the second day of the battle. Near the beginning of the charge his cap flew off but there was no time to stop for that and he rushed onward with a yell and much of the time he kept a little in advance of the boys on either hand whom he seemed to think were altogether too slow. He picked up a cap marked 19, Me., later which he wore the rest of the time. CHARLES P. CARPENTER was born .July Sth, 1842, in St. Johnsbiiry, Vt; my wife, Elizabeth J. Carpenter of St. Johnsbury. Vt; my son, Horace Carpenter, born May 30, 1874; his wife, Ethel Baker Carpenter, Lynn, Mass. My father was Don P. Carpenter, born Dec. 8, 1808. My mother. Hannah F. Hutcliins Carpenter, born July 3, 1808. My paternal grandfather, Nathaniel Cari)enter, grandmother, Abigal Waterman Carpenter; maternal grandfather, Timothy Hutchins; grandmother, Hannah Cross. 1 enlisted from Moretown, Vt., August 1862 in Co. B, 13th Vt. Vol. Discharged .Tuly, 1863. Occupation at time of enlistment, farmer. Occuiiation since, various. Twelve years mechanic; twelve years postmaster at St. Johnsbury, Vt; nine years hardware merchant; since, mechanic. Have lived in St. Johnsbury, Vt. I know of no members of my regiment living in this vicinity. I have no pictures of anything. I was brought up as an ardent hater of slavery in every form, and consequently took great interest in the great political contest raging in the fifties. As I w'as the only son 1 was kept at home to help on the farm. I was wounded on the 3rd of July at Gettys- burg by a piece of shell, but did not leave the field or ranks. I was able to be ini at the finish when Pickett's charge was encountered and hope I did my little to smash the attacking column. Was badly used up by my wound and the hard subse- quent service, but stuck to my regiment until we arrived at Brattleboro where 1 went to the hospital but was mustered out with the regiment. This in brief covers my ex- perience in the Civil War. Disabilities caused by disease prevented my re-enlistment. For two years I was disabled from performing manual labor. Since then I have enjoyed fair health, with only occasional returns of disease contracted. CORPORAL JOSEPH POTWIN was born in Stours, P. Q., enlisted from Middlesex. He was appointed corporal at the organization of the company. He was a stout built, athletic man who seemed to be capable of an immense amount of endurance, but for some reason, possibly because he thought he could stand anything and so did not properly care for himself, he was on the sick list more than many others who were not as strong. Still he was a good soldier and did good service. He died at Worcester, Mass., September 26th, 1896. CORPORAL ZIBA KEYES, JR. was one of the three brothers who enlisted from Moretown and served in company B. At the organization of the company he was appointed corporal, which office he held through his term of service. He was 5 ft. 8 In. in height, light hair, blue eyes, rather slender and straight. After his discharge he lived most of the time in Orange. Vt. He married Alvira Barnet. of Middlesex, who survives him. Three children. Will, Charles and Nellie; Will in West Topshani, the others in Orange. Mrs. Keyes lives with her daughter Nellie (Flanders) in Orange. He died June 21, 1895. Biographical and Historical of Compaiiv B. 457 CORPORAL FORDES 0. BUSHNELL. In response to circular letter from comrade Sturtevant our Historian and at his earnest solicitation 1 attempt a personal reference. I was born at Waitsfield, Vt., October 20th. 1839, volunteered August 25th, 1862, and later became a member of Company B. 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers and at the organization of Company B. was dubbed with the distinguishing honor of corporal at the bottom of list. I was a farmer boy and had seen but little of life at the time of enlistment. My education was limited and mostly in the old red school house down in the valley near the swift running waters of Mad River. 1 was like most, yes, all of the boys of Company B, anxious to enlist. I was old enough, had read enough and seen enough to feel it my duty to go and fight for the preservation of the Union. I performed my duty, served the full term of my enlistment and was mustered out July 21, 1863. I was sicl< on my return home and have never been a well man since. I left my native town in the fall of 1863 and went to Worcester, Mass, where I still reside. I learned the wood working trade and continued at it for a good many years a part of the time as foreman. Indoor confinement did not agree with me. I have been for a number of years and am still employed by the city as foreman on the street department of the city. I am a member of Post No. 10, G. A. R., and have been since its organization and is now said to be the largest Post in the United States. I was honored with election of Commander of this Post tor the year 1901 which I considered a very flattering com- pliment. I have not seen many of my old comrades since the war, but I am thank- ful I have not forgotten them. My heart is sorrowed as I hear (quite often of late) of the death of my comrades of old Company B most of them have crossed the bar and are at rest. In a few brief days we the survivors will also be with them and what a happy reunion it will be. I wish I might attend one of the reunions of the old 13th before I am called. What a pleasure it would be to grasp by the hand once more my dear comrades of Company B. Of my children, Mary A., died May 30, 1903. My son, Fordes Bushnell, .Tr., lives in San Francisco, Cal. Alice M., now wife of J. Elmer Hall, resides in Worcester, Mass. Dear comrades of the 13th Vt. may you live long to enjoy the countrv you helped to save, FORDES O. BUSHNELL. CORPORAL OTIS G. MILES only son of the family of eight children of Elihu and Sally (Bliss) Miles, was born in Calais, Vt, September 23. 1830, and his early life was passed there. His home was in Middlesex. Vt., from about 1861 to 1864 and he enlisted from that town August 25, 1862, drilled and mustered with Company. December 11, 1862 he was promoted to corporal. He was wounded July 3, 1862 at Gettysburg while attempting to aid his comrade. Dexter Parker, who was severely wounded. James H. Wilson, who was also trying to help Parker was Instantly killed. He was mustered out with the company. For several years he worked at carpentry and bridge building for the C. V. R. R. Co., and about 1867 entered the employ of Lane Manufacturing Co., of Montpelier where he was machinist for nearly 20 years, leaving there in 1886 to work for the Thompson-Houston Co. in Lynn, Mass., his family removing to Lynn a short time afterwards. He remained with this company until his death, December 23, 1894. His widow died in 1897. Comrade Miles was a member of Brooks Post 13, G. A. R., Montpelier. and of Gen. Lander Post 5. Lynn Mass. He marled November 10. 1853 at Burlington, Vt. Mary Alvira Smith (daughter of William and Mary (Wilson) Smith) of that city. They had twelve children as follows: only five of whom are living. Eva Jane, born December 18, 1854, died 1865; Charles William, born January 5, 1857, died 1862; Julia Arabelle, born May 8, 1859, married Martin W. Wheelock, of Montpelier, now resides there; children, Mabel E., Ernest W., (dead) Carroll M., (dead), Florence M., Winona M., (dead), and Rachel E.; Cora May, born May 28, 1861, died January 7, 1904; married Frank Dawley, of Montpelier, Vt., January 1, 1882, children, Eva M. and Angle R., (dead); Clara Helen, horn May 14, 1863, married Wm. S. Keeler November 29, 1881, (Mr. Keeler died in 1906), children, Frederick (dead), Forrest W., Florence C Raymond S.. Dorothy A.; George Lincoln, born May 19, 1865, died May, 1866; Frederick Byron, born March 29, 1867, married Rose Gallagher, (dead); married Minnie Adams, (dead), one son, (dead), machinist, Pittsburg, Pa.; Minnie Belle, born October 14, 1869. married Howard A. Littlefield. of Lynn. Mass. resides there, children. Olivia, (dead). Ralph Leslie, Roy E.. Ernest M.; Forrest Ethan, born December 18. 1871. died August 8, 1885; Harry Ellsworth, born April 19, 1874, died May 30, 1900, killed in bicycle accident at Waltham, Mass.; Etta May, born August 27, 1876. died May IS. 1894; Clyde Leon, born May 17, 1881, employed by Thompson-Houston Co.. Lynn. Mass. 458 I lie Thirtccntli Regiment I'ermoiit Volunteers. EDWIN G. ATKINS was tiorn in Duxbuiy and enlisted from that town. He heliied to organize tlie (onijiaiiy and was with it from first to last, doing good duty as a soldier. He married Laura Griffith just before he left for the war. Children. Franl< C. Sidney E.. Roy C. His residence was Duxbiiry for some years after the war. Occupation a farmer and sawyer. His present home is in Moretown where he has lived about ten years. M. FRANKLIN ATKINS enlisted from Duxbury in which town he was fjorn. He had seen previous service in the 2nd Vermont. Company D. from which he was discharged for disability, but having recovered his health in a measure, he was very anxious to try it again. Soon after reaching the front he was detailed as teamster, but his health failed him again and January 6th. 1863, he was sent to the general hospital where he was discharged for dis- ability January 15th, and died only a few months later. ORLANDO BILLINGS enlisted Sejiteniber Sth from Warren of which town be was a native. He is a carpenter by trade. He had the measles. 1 think, which left him in bad shape and he was sent to Campbell Hospital. Washington. I). C. March 21, 1863. and was not again with the coni|)any till it returned to Vermont. When our state organized its first extensive militia force soon after the war Mr. Billings enlisted into it and was chosen second lieutenant. He went west many years ago. Present address, Kasson, Minn. CHARLES D. BILLINGS was born in W'arren, but enlisted from Fayston. He was a son of C. D. Billings, a prominent lumberman of that mountain town. He was only .5 ft. 4 in. in height and slender at that and was hardly equal to the hardships of army life. Still he bore them verv well till attacked by measles which left him in such a weakened condition that he could not rally and he died May 19, 1863. This was the second death in our company on that day. The other was Cyron G. Thayer. Charlie was a general favorite with his comrades, and it was hard Indeed for them to part with him but he was only one of many thousands whose young lives full of promise were cut short by the war. ALBERT D. BARNARD private. Company B, 13th Vermont, was born at Waitsfleld January 27. 1842: enlisted August 18. 1S62; helped organize company August 2.i. He was never in hospital and did good service through his entire term of enlistment, but like so many others, those last marches and the battle proved to be more than he could endure, and he reached home sick and died August 12. 1863. He was an only son and his life was a costly sacrifice for his parents to make, but their patriotism is fightingly expressed by this simple inscription placed upon bis tombstone. 'We have laid thee on our country's altar." E. A. F. WILLIAM E. BACKUS enlisted from I-ayston but was born in Biidgewater. Vt. He was 6 ft. 1'/-. in. in height, sandy com|)lexion. red hair and blue eyes. Although only 22 years old at the lime of enlistment he was married and had two children. During all his service he was a great hand to scout around on his own hook and find out the lay of the land around our camps, and where all the roads led to. and after the capture of our teams in May he was detailed, with one or two others to act as a scout, with the object to prevent, if possible a repetition of such depredations. In after years he told a good many stories about his adventures during that period and I will relate one which he told me shortly before his death. "One day he was scouting around south of the Occoquan when he stopped at a house and got into conversation with a fair Rebel who did not hesitate to avow her principles. The siege of Vicksburg was then in progress and she said very confidently. ■Grant can never lake Vicksburg.' Backus was a great lover of poetry and before he came away he borrowed a book of Tom Moore's poems and said in parting, 'When I bring this book back 1 hope to bring you a paper containing an account of the capture of Vicksburg." "But the looked-for news was long delayed and one day the regiment had orders to march the next morning; then Backus thought that it would be dishonorable not BuHji-al^liical and Histovical of Co in puny B. 459 to return that boiTowed book and started out with it. When he had nearly reached the house he saw all at once a squad of Rebel cavalry, who also saw him and gave chase. He sprang over the fence, leaving the book on it as he went and took to the woods. The rebels fired at him and followed a short distance but he struck swampy land and gave up the chase. After a time he came out on the banks of the Occoquan where it widens out towards the Potomac. How to cross was a puzzle but he found an old barn from which he pried a large door and constructed a rude raft and paddled himself across though nearly upset by wind and wave. He soon came to the house of a Union man where he had stayed before and stopped for the night. The next morning early he came into camp, reaching there just as the regiment was falling into line for that long march. His comrades gave him the name of 'Scout of the Occoquan'." Comrade Backus was twice married. His first wife was Mary Whittlesey, who died about 18S0. By her he had a large family several of whom died in infancy. Those who lived to maturity were William, Fred, Mary, Annie, Eva and Calvin, who has served five years in the Xavy and is now in the arsenal at Springfield. His second wife was Elizabeth Baird, who survives him. They were married March 4, 1882. By her he had one son, Carl. Comrade Backus lived in various places after his discharge, but finally located in South Fayston where he died December 7, 1888. ALONZO J. BRUCE enlisted from Duxbury. in which town he was born April 1, 1842. His great-grand- father, Moses Bruce, was one of the first settlers in Newburyport, Mass., and was quarter-master in the old Continental Aimy under General Wolfe when he made his raid into Canada. His grandfather, also Moses Bruce, born in Newburyport, moved to Barnard where his father. Moses Bruce, was born who afterwards settled in Duxbury. His grandfather was six years old and could remember the battlt of Bunker Hill and often told about seeing the red coats cross the Charles river. Comrade Bruce was a good soldier but came through his term of service without special incident to mark it from others. He was sick and in regimental hospital a few weeks about December but was soon on duty again, and was with the company to the end. He married Mary Fairman, of Greenfield, Mass., in 1865. She died February, 1900. Children, Mary Helen, born in Duxbury, .January 1, 1866, married James R. Dunkerson, of Kentucky, has two children: Alice Martha, born in Deerfield, Mass., December 15, 1869, married James Hanlan, has three children: Howard Percy, born in Deerfield, Mass., December, 1871, married Gertrude Robinson, has two children; Myrtle Maud, born May 2, 1S78 in Town 5, Ranch 6. Elm Island, Nebr., married Chas. G. Fair- man, assistant editor of the Springfield Union, one child; Edna Atha, born in Elm Island, Nebr., January 5, 1882; Georgia Viola, born in Gibbon, Neb., July 20, ISSa; Hazel Adella, born in Burdette Springs, Colo., Sept. 20, ISSS. Mr. Bruce lived in Vermont till he entered the army, after which he lived in Greenfield and Deerfield, Mass., from 1866 to 1876, when he went west and took a homestead on old Fort Kearney Reservation and remained there till 1887 when he went to Burdett Springs, Colorado and filed a preemption and tree claim and lived here till 1889 when he came to Montague, Mass,, and bou.ght a farm in the Connecticut valley where he lived till 1900 when he removed to Greenfield, since which time he has been connected- with the Montague City Rod Co. ROLAND T. BULKLEY was born in Duxbury, enlisted from Moretown August 26, at the age of 25. He was with the company from its organization through all its movements till the middle of December and did his full share of the duties that fell to his lot. At that date he w-as detailed to serve in the ambulance corps and continued in that place through his term of service and was mustered out with the regiment. During most of his term the rest of the company saw but little of him on account of his being on detached service, though for a time at the last he was stationed near us but our acquaintance with him was sufficient to convince us that the detail was that of a capable and faithful man to an ini])ortant place. He removed to Illinois soon after the war and engaged in farming. Sold his farm a few' years ago. Present address. Minonk, 111. JOHN BOWEN was born in Charlotte, Vt., but enlisted from Warren. He was 42 years old. but strong ■-ind healthy, and he endured the hardships of a soldier's life better than most men of his age. I think that this was largely because he knew how to take care of himself and did not expose himself or use his strength unnecessarily like too many of the 4(10 The Tliirtccnth Rcyiiiiciit I'cnuoiit I'uliintccrs. boys. While we were lying behind that bieaslwoik of rails duriiiK that leirilic cannon- ade on the last day at Gettysburg, Comrade Howen thought he would peep over and see what was going on. .lust then a round shot came bounding along and just ticked a rail only a few inches from his head and on it went. Heads along the line kept low for a time after that. Comrade Bowen re-enlisted December 10, 1863 in U. S. Sharp- shooters. Died May 1.^, 1864, of wounds received at battle of Wilderness. JOHN BAIRD was the son of William and Isabella Baird. He was l)orn in New York City. Enlisted from Fayston at the age of 20 years. He was a sturdy hearty boy of Scotch-Irish descent and made one of our best soldiers. He was always genial and pleasant and ready for any duty, and was thus a general favorite with his companions. I think that he was seldom sick enough to be off duty but the hardships of our march to Gettysburg together with the experiences of the battle and the march that followed it were too much for him and he reached home in a debiliated condition. Once or twice he seemed much better and was ambitious to go to work, but overdid, and was worse than before and died September 19, 1S6S. MATTHEW BLAIR was born in Ireland and had seen .serviie in the English aimy. He enlisted from Fays- ton and was 27 years old and married. He passed through his term of service in fair health and re-enlisted in .SB Massachusetts and was killed. WILLIAM W. BARNET enlisted from Middlesex and was born in that town. He was 28 years old and married. He was with the company through all its experiences doing service to the best of his ability. Of his life since his discharge we can learn nothing. CHAUNCEY CARPENTER enlisted from Fayston. He was 6 ft. 1 in. in height. 34 years old and married. He was a faithful soldier, passing through the varied experiences that fell to the lot of ..lost members of the company with credit to himself. After our return he re-enlisted in the 17th Vermont. He has since resided in Granby. Vt. Died in Brookfield, Vt. FRANCIS V. CRAIN enlisted from Moretown. his native town. He was 19 years old and 7, ft. 'iVz in. in height. While the company was drilling at W'aitsfield Comrade Crane got hold of a large cucumber nearly ripe and ate it all down. This gave him the name of "Cucum- ber" which stuck to him till we came home. He participated in the hard march and the battle though well used up at the last and was mustered out with the company. He re-enlisted and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. JOHN C. CANERDY enlisted from Duxbury, his native town at the age of IS. He was one of the first to succomb to disease. While we were encamped at Fairfax Court House, he was attacked with typhoid fever and died at the post hospital January 20. 1863, the day the regiment moved to Wolf Run Shoals. GEORGE S. CHAPMAN was born in Stockholm. N". Y.. and enlisted from the town of Moretown. He was 3.5 years old and married. He was -5 ft. 10 in. in height and well proportioned. He made an excellent soldier, one of the best. He was kind hearted and true and ready for every duty as it came along. He was a farmer and resided in the easterly part of Moretown both before and after his army service. He married Miss Strong, two children. Lizzie and .Addie were the fruit of tliis union; second wife, Amelia Alexander, 1 son. Perley. He died in Northfield. February 24, 1899, but had lived most of the time since his dis- charge in Moretown. ALBERT H. CHASE enlisted from Middlesex and was 18 years old. He passed through much the same experiences as his comrades until we came to Gettysburg. Here on the second day of the fight he was hit in the side of the head by a piece of shell, probably a part of the same shell that killed Colonel Randall's horse. He fell and those who saw him thought that he was killed but he soon began to crawl away and was helped off by his comrades. Biographical and Historical of Company B. ' 461 He went to the hospital but when we reached Brattleboro he had so far re- covered that he was able to come back to the company and was mustered out with the rest, and it was then thought that his wound would not prove so very serious after all. He lived some twenty years after this and shortly after his death his brother told us that ever after that wound he had had a great many headaches, and that during his last sickness there came a running sore upon his head at the very point where he was struck by the shell, so that he thought that there was no doubt that the wound was the cause of his death although it was so long delayed. MYRON M. DAVIS enlisted from Warren, his native town. He was G ft. 1% in. in height and thus belonged to the tall squad on the right of the company. Early in our service he received an injury which incapacitated him for long marches and as his difficulty grew worse rather than better, he was sent to the general hospital the 6th of January, 1863, and was discharged for disability at Mount Pleasant hospital February 4, 1863. After a long struggle he was able to establish his claim to a moderate pension. He is a blacksmith by trade and resides in Moretown but has not been able to be in active business for some years. He married Laura Palmer and they have one son, Julius D., who carries on an extensive tin and hardware business at Waitsfield. WALTER C. DIMMICK was born at Woodstock, Vt., and enlisted from Warren. His age is set down at 44. As a rule those who had nearly reached the age limit did not endure the hardships of army life as well as the boys who were under 18 even. Rut Comrade Dimmick seemed to be an exception as he "stood the racket" very well and did good service. Some time in the winter his home in Warren burned and he was very anxious to get a furlough but did not succeed. He married Mary Tyler. He had one daughter, Kate. Soon after the war he went West and we are unable to trace him further. Died at Fort Collins, Colo. JEROME FISK was born in Stowe, Vt., and enlisted from Moretown. He was 20 years old and 5 ft. 9 in. in height. He was of rather slender build and the army duties proved too much for him. Early in January, 1863, he was sent to general hospital and discharged for disability February 1st. He has since resided at Crown Point, N. Y. EDWARD A. FISK son of Anson Fisk, was born in Waitsfield. February 1, 1842. My father was of the old Puritan stock, his ancestors coming to this country and settling in Salem, Mass., about 1637, and he traces his lineage back more than 200 years further to one Lord Lymond Fisk of Suffolk County. England. My great-grandfather was one of the early settlers of Waitsfield. I was married November 28, 1876 to Lillian A. Ramsay, of Waitsfield, who was born in St. Johnsbury, Vt. Children, Annie L., born September 2, 1878, Charles E., born March 25, 1880, Anson H., born November 5, 1882, Harold H.. born November 24, 1890. 1 enlisted August 18, 1862, and helped to organize Company B. I was never sick enough to be in the hospital, or off duty for any length of time. At Gettysburg I was slightly wounded by a piece of spent shell, which struck my right knee, just as the regiment started on its charge of July 2nd. Though bruised and lamed I did not leave the field and took part in all the movements of the regiment to the last. I was utterly exhausted by these hardships and was sick at Brattleboro with what proved to be typhoid fever when I reached home. This nearly cost my life but careful nursing brought me through. I am a farmer and resided in Waitsfield till 1895 when I removed to the neighboring town of Fayston where I lived till 1906 when I returned to Waitsfield. I was selectman six years in Waitsfield, also school director three years. Chairman of school board in Fayston seven years, also auditor. I represented Fayston in legislature in 1902. Present address, Waitsfield, R. F. D. You ask for stories and incidents and I send you the following which you can use if you see fit or not as you please and I shall not feel aggrieved. E. A. F. 4^)2 The 'l'liirti\'iilli Rciiiuiciit I'cntiont I'ohiuU'crs. NOTES FROM A SOLDIER S DIARY Feb. 20, 1863. I wciu on pirkct. Was stationed at what we call "Sally Davis's Ford." about two iiiilcs down the Ofcoquan t'loni our eanip. This is an iiniiortant post and there are some twenty men to guard it. though there is not much danger of any one crossing the river to-day as the water is nearly bank high owing to heavy rains. It is a pleasant day. but cold — almost like a bright winter day in Vermont. We have a cavalryman at this post to act as messenger in case of need and about noon the new detail came from down the river. The i)ath led across a little brook or "run." as they call it here, just below our post. Usually there is not much water in it. though near the river it has a sunken channel with rather steep banks, but now the water had set back from the river so that it was quite deep in the center. At first as the horse stepped into the water the i)ath semed all right, but the water was roily and as soon as he was beyond the bank horse and rider were in the water all over. After swimming a short distance the feet of the horse caught in some bushes and the man was thrown off but he struck out boldly and soon reached the shore, a distance of several rods, although encumbered with arms and accoutrements. The carbine, caitridge bo.x. belt and revolver, .saber, etc.. weighed him down so that it made one think of the Roman knight who swam from the Tiber with his armor on. The horse was rescued at length, by means of a long pole with a hook which we managed to catch into his bridle. It was a bitter day for such a bath, but we had a good fire and got the man to it as soon as possible, where he wrung out his wet clothing and hung by the fire all he could spare, while he dried the remainder by turning first one side and then the other to the fire, but he was one of the sort that could not be kept still long at a time and soon without coat or boots he was riding his horse back and forth to prevent his taking cold. I often wondered what effect this exposure had upon this man but 1 never heaid from him again. It was such hardship and exjiosures as this that cost us more lives than the bullets of the enemy. R. A. F. DAVID GLEASON enlisted .August 2.'). 1862 in Company B, 13th Regiment, and was mustered out October 10 of the same year, and was discharged August 21, ISti:!. lie was in the hospital a large part of the time during his enlistment. He went to general hospital in April. He returned to Waitsfleld and later w-ent to JIassachusetts to reside finally returning to Waitsfleld where he lived for a number of years, moving to Waterbury. Vt.. w^here he died May 26. 1S99. Mr. Gleason was a carpenter by trade and was fairly successful financially. He leaves no family. DAN GRANDY enlisted from Waitsfield and was born in that ttnvii He was 21 years old and nearly 6 ft. high, but rather slim. For some reason he did not seem to endure hardships as well as some and was sent to general hospital in March. .Mustered out with the regiment. He married Laura Parker of Waitsfield who survives him. He died at Waitsfield June IS. 189.i. Children Nellie. Angle. Fred and Frank. FRANKLIN D. GRIFFITH enlisted from Duxbury. his native town. He was 21 years old. .') ft. 9 in high. He was a strong, well built man capable of great endurance. The 27th day of December he was detailed to act as brigade teamster and he continued in this jiosition until captuied by Rebel guerillas wtih our teams in May. an account of w'hich Sergeant Boyce gives en another page. Mr. Griffith married Sallie Oillett, of Duxbury, who died some years ago. Children, Kmmie, married Ed Tracy; Betty, married .Merrill Childs: Birney. married Mr. Sleeper; Eunice, married ,Ied Haskins, ,Iosie, married Chandler McAllister. WILLIAM H. HATHAWAY was one of the boys whose age is set down at is but who was iirotiably considerably under that. He was a small, slender light-haiied l.oy. plea>ant and patient under hard- ships which he was not able to cope with successfully. He was universally liked by his comrades who tried to favor him as mu(h as possible. He was taken sick and went to general hospital in March. I think that he was one of those who had measles. He lived to ccme home but died a few months after our dischaige. He enlisted from Moretown, his native town, and was a son of Hiram Hathaway Bioijvaphical and Hisfurical of Coiiipnuv B. 463 ROYAL S. HASKINS enlisted from Faystoii. his native town. He was 21 years old at tlie time of enlistment and w-as about tlie smallest man in the company. His height is given at only 5 ft. l-l in. When he enlisted he had scarcely recovered from a serious illness and looked very pale and thin so that it was not strange that the sarcastic remark should be made by an observer, "Well! that fellow will make a bully soldier." And yet that funny looking boy made an excellent soldier and possessed an endurance equal to the best of them. The pale color soon changed to a healthy brown and one would hardly have been able to recognize him as the same boy. The name the boys gave him was "Little Skip." Comrade Haskius married Mary J. Wheeler, of Fayston. soon after his discharge and emigrated to Wisconsin, where he remained till some ten or twelve years ago when he sold out his farm there and went to Western Nebraska where he invested largely in land, hoping that the value of real estate would increase and give him a competency, but those seasons of doubt, which spoiled so many similar plans, come on and he had a hard struggle for a time but he still continues to reside in that State. Post office, Bertrand, Nebr. EATON A. HEATH was born in Waitsfield, enlisted from Warren. He was a son of Lyman Heath. He was a tine appearing soldier and did excellent service with but little sickness till near the last when he was taken sick and was sent (with others who were not judged equal to a long march) to general hospital on the day that the regiment started towards Gettysburg. Comrade Heath has since resided in Warren, for the most part, where he has been a prominent manufacturer and dealer in lumber. He represents his town in the legislature during the present term. He married Adaline Dumas. He has held the office of town clerk, constable and various other offices in town. JOHN HINES enlisted August 25, 1862, mustered in October 10. 1S62. mustered out .July 21, 1S63. Died April IS, 1S79. He was a good soldier, always doing his duty. He married Mrs. Sarah (Dana) Jones. CHARLES C. INGALLS enlisted from Fayston in which town he was born. He did good service as a soldier. He was ready for duty and was always good natured whatever the event that came to him. He went through his term of service in good health and re-enlisted in Company G, 6th Vermont, September 1, 1S64. Since the war he has resided in North Fayston, Vt., and Northfield and other places in Vermont. He married Martha A. Johnson, of North Favston. STEPHEN JOHNSON was born in Fayston, April 1.5th. 1841, enlisted from Fayston. He was .5 ft. 10 in. in height and well proportioned. He was among the number who had the measles at Wolf Run Shoals but soon recovered except that he lost his voice entirely for about two months, but during that time he had charge of the cook's stand and got along very well. Before our march to Gettysburg he was all right and was with the company doing good service to the last. He re-enlisted August 26, 1864 in Co. G, 6th Vt. He enlisted for Waitsfield but by arrangement between the towns he was sent to the town of Weybridge, Vt. He was with the regiment in all engagements till it mustered out. Since the war he has followed the carpenter's trade and has lived in North Fayston. He has enjoyed the confidence of his fellow townsmen as shown by the fact that he has held some town office almost constantly. He has been lister for over 2.5 years. Also school director, justice of the peace, road commissioner and town grand juror for varying terms. He represented the town of Fayston in 1882. He married Jennette Boyce, of North Fayston, who died in 1906. He has three sons. James M.. Herbert and Martin L. Comrade Johnson is commander of Ainsworth Post, G. A. R., at Waitsfield, which office he has held for several years and he is seldom absent from a meeting although he lives five or six miles away. SAMUEL KEYES enlisted from Moretown, born in Middlesex, February 26, 1829. "Bloody Sam", as the boys called him, was only 5 ft, 3 in. in height, but rather thick set, red cheeks. He was a sturdy soldier and did good service. We remember that on that trying march to Gettysburg as we were all about fagged nut. all at once a clear laugh rang out, loud 4^4 I lie Tliirtccnth Rc(jiinciit I'cniioiit I'olniitccrs. enough for half the company to hear, and we wondered what Sam could And to laugh at, but it acted like a tonic to us all and we felt refreshed and went on with nerw courage. Since the war Comrade Keyes resided in Moretown. He niaried Cordelia Clark, of Duxbury, November 29, 1852, and had by her two children. Ida and Lucy. He married for second wife Mary Campbell, of Berlin, one child, .Mary. He married for third wife, Lucy Cady, who died in 1906, one child, Agnes, born September 3. 1876, died in Montpeller, December 25, 1906. Samuel Keyes died November 4, 1905, !n Moretown. SYLVANUS KEYES brother of Samuel, was born in Middlespx. April L'lith. 1831. Enlisted from Moretown. He was 5 ft. S'/4 in. in height, had light hair, light coini)lexion and blue eyes. As a soldier he was one of the best. A man that could be relied upon at all times. Since the war he has resided in Moretown. P. O. address, Montpeller. R, F. D. 3. He married Rhoda Crain, September 11, 1852, four children, Chauncey W, born July 3, 1853, Mary ,T., born December 31, 1857, died December 31, 1857, Frank F.. born December 19, 1859, Elmer V.. born September 12, 1864. Comrade Keyes married for second wife Susan A. Smith, of Berlin. Vt., maiden name Susan Ayers. born in Claremont, N. H., May 10, 1847. JOHN LEE was born in Ireland, enlisted from Moretown at the age of 36. He passed through the various army experiences encountered by most of his comrades doing his duty faithfully and was discharged with the regiment. Present address, Worcester, Mass. CHARLES W. LISCOMB was born in .Jay, N. Y., and enlisted from Moretown. His age is set at 18. but this was probably rather a high estimate. He was 5 ft. 8 in., but rather slender. However, he bore the hardships better than some older and stronger built men and was present during the march and battle though well-nigh used up by these experiences, like many others. After the close of the war he went to Boston and was stationary engineer four years, since then nothing Is known of him. DARIUS MAYNARD enlisted from Duxbury. was born in Colchester, Vt. He passed through his term of enlistment without any serious sickness and was able, as well as willing to do his full share of the duties as a soldier that fell to his lot. He was discharged with the company and re-enlisted in Company L, 1st Cavalry. .January 1, 1864. HENRY MURRAY was born in Moretown and enlisted from that town. Most members of the company- did not become very well acquainted with him as he was detailed as provost guard No. 10, and did not return to the company till March 18. but he was with us at "the finish" and was discharged with the Company. Re-enlisted Company C, 1st Vermont Volunteers. Never married. Has since resided at Walnut Creek. Cal. P. O. address Oakley, Cal. WILLIAM McDONELL. was a sturdy little chap, one of the shortest in the company. He enlisted from More- town, but was born in Ireland. He was 30 years old and did good service through his term of service but was sick and sent to genera! hospital .June 24. Since the war he has resided in Moretown until 190fi; now lives with his son in Michigan. DeESTING S. MIX enlisted from Warren and was a native of that town. He was a little fellow only 5 ft. 4 in. and 18 years old, but he made a good soldier and went through his term of service in good shape. He re-enlisted in Company A. .Sth Vermont. December 12, 1863. Since deceased. BARNEY McCARRON enlisted from Middlesex, born in Roxbury, Mass. He was only 18 years old but good size, 5 ft. 10 in. and well proportioned. I remember him as very pleasant and genial boy that ail his comrades liked and one that never shirked duty. He had the distinc- tion to be the first one in the company to have the measles. He was not much sick Biographical and Historical of Company C. 465 and did not know what ailed him till he broke out. Thus being around with the Com- pany he had a good chance to scatter the distemper and improved it so well, that it was supposed that he gave it to some twenty or thirty of his comrades. He re-enlisted fn Company D, 2nd Regiment, August 16th, 1S64. Residence, Chicago, 111. STEDMAN D. MOULTON enlisted from Middlesex, born in Lyndon, age 30, 5 ft. 7 in. high, stout build. Comrade Moulton enlisted September 3rd, 10 days after the Company was organized. Army life did not seem to agree with him very well and he was sick a good deal and about the 25th of March he went to General Hospital and was discharged for disability, April 24th. After his discharge he resided in Moretown. He was a shoemaker by trade and for a time he owned a small farm and worked at his trade to fill out the time. Then he bought a large farm which he managed for a few years, after which he opened a shoe store in Moretown village and carried on the business for some years but died at that place. LEVI NELSON born in Payston, enlisted from that town. He was 5 ft. 9% in. high, rather slender and was not able to do very much service. December 12th, he was sent to general hospital and was not again with the company, and was discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863. WILLIAM NELSON brother of Levi Nelson, enlisted from Fayston. He was 26 years old, 5 ft. 10 in. in height and was strongly built, and a man of good endurance. Some time in the winter while carrying fire wood he fell upon an axe and cut his hand In such a way as to disable him from duty for a long time. He is a farmer and resides in North Haverhill, N. H. EUGENE NICHOLS was born in Middlesex, and enlisted from that town at the age of 19. He was one of the liveliest boys in the Company, and his sense and non-sense often served to cheer the drooping spirits of his comrades and tide them over rough places. He was given the title of "Magus" presumably on account of his words of wisdom. He did good service and was discharged with the regiment. He re-enlisted February 4, 1865 in Company D, 2nd Vermont Regiment. After his return he had a law-suit with the town of Middlesex to recover the full amount of his bounty which was carried at last to the supreme court and decided in his favor. He has lived since the war in the West. His address is Evansville, Wis. He marled Miss Vie Lee of that place. He has one daughter, Grace. ROYAL ORDWAY born in Vershire, Vt., enlisted from Middlesex. He was 30 years old, medium size, dark complexion and black hair. He was a carpenter by trade. He was an able-bodied man and a faithful soldier. For a time he acted as Company cook. His residence is Wash- ington, Vt., where he has lived most of the time since the war. DANIEL PASNETT born in Ireland, enlisted from Fayston at the age of 49. He was only 5 ft. 41,0 in. in height and rather slim, though he bore the hardship of army life as well as could be expected considering his age and size. He had seen service in the British army. There were times when he was crippled by rheumatism to some extent but he was never away from the Company long and was with It at the last. He died in Fayston, November 25th, 1881. ALSON D. PAGE born in Barre, enlisted from Waitsfield. He was a tinner by trade. For a time he acted as Company cook. He was with the Company through its term of service. He went West, but present address unknown. DEXTER PARKER was born in Newport, N. H., February 7th. 1841; my father removed to Fayston, Vt, 1843. Occupation farmer, at enlistment, and since discharged. Married March 24th, 1868 H. Marva Hutchif.on of Lempster N. H. Children, Fred Carlton Parker, born July 16th. 1870, his occupation shipping clerk. He 466 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. married November 25th, 1899 Hallie A. Hinsilwood, of Liberty. Iowa. Children, Stanley Warren Parker, born September 6th, 1901 ; Vernon Geo. Parker, born November 2l8t, 1904; Geo. Hoyt Parker, born November 21st, 1873, graduate of Newport High School, occupation book-keeping; Ida Marva Parker, born April 11th, 1876, graduate of Newport High School, occupation, teacher; .lessie Laura Parker, born November 29th, 18S1, a graduate of Newport High School, occupation, stenographer; Angeline Lockwood Parker, born July 6th, 1888, a pupil of Newport High School; Ethel Madeline Parker, born September 11th, 1891, a pupil of Newport High School. I enlisted from Waitsfield, Vt.. August 22nd, 1862, served as a private in Company B, 13th Vermont Regiment, mustered in the U. S. Service in Brattleboro, Vt., October lOth, 1862. Mustered out. July 21st. 1863 with the Regiment. Wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3rd, 1863. Left hand disabled by the bursting of a shell. It was found that a number of my company had been hit by balls, or pieces of shells, and only one killed, James Wilson, a good soldier and a fine young man while supporting me from the battlefield My wound was the most severe of any in the company. I neglected to say at first that Dexter Parker was the son of Stephen Carlton Parker, born in New^ Boston, N. H., 1813, died 1893; and of Angeline Lockwood Parker, born in Springfield, Vt., in 181.5, died 1896. They had a family of ten children. Dexter being the second. I would like to trace the family, and in fact make a genealogy, but am not able to do so at this time. I have lived in Newport, N. H., (with the exception of one year) since my discharge, so think there are none of the boy's of the 13th in this vicinity. I cannot recall any of the incidents that happened in army life of particular interest except that mentioned as to my being wounded, as I have not been a citizen of Vermont since 186-}, and have had no opportunity to talk over and recall the events with old comrades. See page 104. DEXTER PARKER. LOREN B. REED enlisted August 25th, 1862. Mustered October 10th, 1862. Died in Hospital at Camp Carusi. Vt., May 3rd, 1863. Comrade Reed was a fine musician and was detailed to play cornet in the Brigade Band and was playing there when taken sick. He was born in Waitsfield. Vt., and was 21 years old when he enlisted. Son of Ben,iamin and Arethusa Joslin Reed. His body was brought hnnie for buriel by Ziba W. McAllister OSCAR C. REED a cousin of Loren B. Reed, enlisted in Company B, 13th Vermont Regiment. August 25th, 1862; was 24 years old. He died in Hospital at Fairfax Va., December 26th, 1862. His body was brought home for luiiial. Son of Timothy and Susan Reed. WINFIELD S. RICH was born in Marilla, N. Y., and enlisted from Fayston. He was a sawyer by trade and 24 years old. He was an excellent soldier, on hand for every duty, pleasant and kind in all his relations with others, and thus he held a high place in the esteem of his comrades. He was miustered out with the regiment. After his return he engaged in tin and hardware business in Waitsfield for several years and later removed to Hard- wick, Vt., where he carried on the same business, and where he died from the effects of the kick of a horse. He married Lucetta Lockwood. He had one daughter. Cora. JOHN W. RICHARDSON born in Waterbury, Vt., enlisted from Waitsfield. at the age of 43. He w-as with the Company from organization to muster out. He was a carriage builder at time of enlist- ment and conducted a thriving business at Waitsfield. He was a good citizen and a good soldier. About the middle of February. 1863. he w'as appointed regimental post master, which position he held till we started on our march towards Gettysburg. So far as we can learn he performed the duties of this office to the entire satisfaction of all. He was twice married. First to Eugenia Joslin who died shortly before he enlisted. By her he had 3 children, Cyrus of Montpelier; Flora Richardson Benton of Vergennes and Charles W.. a prosperous clothing merchant of Burlington. He married, second. Asenath Hadley. He held for some year.s offiir of constable. He died July 20. 1873. at Waitsfield. L. THOMPSON STODDARD was born in Waitsfield and enlisted from that town at the age of 18. He was a tough wiry little fellow, capable of great endurance. For several months he acted as laundry- man for the Company and did good work. Thus the boys were able to keep their clothing in good condition at a small cost while comrade Stoddard worked hard but added to the contents of his pocket-book to quite an extent, and his comrades were Biographical and Historical of Company B. 467 willing that he should be excused from guard and picket duty so that he could do this work. At Gettysburg he was slightly wounded July 3rd. He re-enlisted in Company C, 17th Vermont and was appointed Corporal. Later he became one of the color guard of the regiment. Into that ill fated charge at the explosion of the mine in front of Petersburg, July 30th, 1S64, he went and was shot down while protecting the colors. He was taken prisoner but lived only till August 7, 1S64. He was one of four brothers who were soldiers. OSCAR A. STEARNS enlisted from Warren, was bom in Waitsfield. He was 20 years old, had dark com- plexion, black hair and black eyes. He was 5 ft. 7% in. in height. He was rather slim but stood a soldier's life well. Soon after the war he went West and located at Lone Creek, Nebraska, where he died. He married Janet Persons and left two children. He was a photographer by trade. THOMAS 0. SMITH born in Monkton, Vt., enlisted from Warren. He was nearly 6 ft. tall though not very heavy and for some reason he did not seem to endure as well as some. About the 5th of April he was detailed to act as safety guard and April 14 he was sent t» general Hospital. P. O. Address Bristol, Vt. LATHAM T. SEAVER born in Moretown, August 30th, 1844, and enlisted from that town. He was rather short but stocky and made an excellent soldier. He came through his term of service in good shape and re-enlisted in Company C, 1st Cavalry, August 17, 1864. After the war he lived at various places in this state, Montpelier being his last place of residence where he died, January 4th, 1900. He was twice married. First to Miranda M. Jones, daughter of Lieut. Nathaniel Jones, Jr., second to Hattie Palmer. Children, Edwin N., 10.5 Pearl St., Middleboro, Mass.; Jennie M., Mrs. A. E. Carr, Montpelier, Vt; Lora May, Mrs. A. C. Palmer, Jonesville, Vt.; Lena Belle, Richmond. LEVI W. SEAVER enlisted from Waitsfield, August 25th, 1862 in Company B, 13th Regiment; was mustered in October 10th, 1862, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863, at Brattleboro, Vt. He also served in 96th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers; enlisting in April 1865, and was mustered out February 15th, 1866. Since the war he has lived in Waitsfield and is engaged in the lumber business. He married Miss Katie Hoffman June 19th, 1870. Three children were born to them; Frank, Abbie and Clayton. Abbie and Clayton died. When our regiment was on its way to Washington, it reached Baltimore in the night, and all will remember that night march through the city and the weary hours of waiting for the train to take us onward and how we tried to sleep on the hard platforms, wind swept by chilling breezes from the bay. At length the train was in readiness and as the roll of Company B was called. Levi W. Seaver failed to respond. What could have become of him. no one knew, said Captain Wilder: "He has not deserted, I know." It was thought that he might be asleep but every corner was searched without avail and the whistle sounded "all aboard", but just as the wheels began to move, Levi appeared on the track in front of the train all out of breath, coming as fast as he could run. He said: "There were some passenger cars standing in the depot and I went into one of them and the seats looked so comfortable that I sat down, not meaning to stay there long, but the next thing I knew the cars were in motion and we were already out of the city. The conductor stopped the train and let me off and I hurried back as fast as I could, but I found so many tracks as soon as I got to the city that I had a hard time to get the right one sometimes." Levi had the measles while we were at Wolf Run Shoals and later had a relapse and came very near dying, but a strong constitution pulled him through although he was not much more than a skeleton after he could walk about. He was 17 years old at the time of enlistment. ALLADUREN STOWELL enlisted from Moretown, his native town. He was 20 years old, 5% ft. in height but rather light built. He got along very well however till attacked by measles. He had a relapse and a fever which nearly cost him his life. For days we expected any moment to hear that he had passed away, but the spark of lite still lingered and at length he began to amend very slowly. He was scarcely more than a living skeleton and had numerous bed sores caused by the hard cots of the regimental hospital. After 468 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. a time as he became a little stronger, Sergeant Thayer of our Company manufactured a crude reclining chair which was a great comfort to him that his position could be readily changed. Some time early In June It became apparent that we should probably have marching orders, and It seemed necessary to send sick ones to general hospital, and It did not seem possible that Stowell could endure to be carried in an ambulance, so his comrades to the number of 8 I think volunteered to carry him to Alexandria, a distance of about 20 miles on a stretcher. This they did and he bore the journey very well, and soon began to gain more rapidly. At the end of our term of service he came home and was soon all right again and re-enlisted in Company C, 1st Vermont Cavalry, August 17th, 1864. He lived some years after the war but died a good while ago. WILLIAM D. SMITH born in .Middlesex, enlisted from Morctown. lie was 21 years of age, .5 ft. '> in. In height, dark complexion, dark hair and eyes. 1 remember him as a quiet well behaved boy ready for duty and no grumbling. In the spring he was sick. (I think measles were the beginning of it) and was sent to general hospital June 3rd. Discharged with Regiment. JAMES SHANLEY born in Lowell, Mass.. enlisted from Moretown. He was 20 years old, 5 ft. 71/4 in. In height, solid built, light complexion, blue eyes and light hair. I do not remember that he was sick during his term of service or that there was any special incident to distinguish him from other soldiers who did their duty well. ROSWELL S. SCRIBNER born in Fayston, enlisted from Duxbury; 23 years old: 6V2 ft. in height, and the tallest man in the regiment. He was a strong, well built man and did good service. Dis- charged with Company. ALMUS STEVENS was born in Warren: enlisted from that town and has lived there ever since. He was 30 years old at enlistment. I think that he enjoyed good health while in the service. At the battle of Gettysburg he had his rubber blanket rolled tightly and the ends were crossed on his breast and tied with a string. A single man in the Rebel ranks was seen to raise his gun and fire. The bullet struck the rubber blanket in front of Stevens' breast nearly at the point where the ends were crossed and made 19 holes through the blanket but Stevens was not Injured in the least. CYRON C. THAYER enlisted from Waitsfield, August 25th, 1862. in Company B. mustered with the Regiment October 10th, 1862. He died of measles May 20th. 1863. His age was 20 years. JAMES M. THAYER was born in Warren: enlisted from Waitsfield and was 21 years old. He was of medium height but rather slightly built. He had not been in good health previous to enlistment but he felt an ardent desire to have a part In the strife and hoped that army life might benefit him. He was accepted with some misgivings by the inspection officers, who admired his courage and hoped for the best. Soon after we reached Virginia, however, it became apparent that he could not long endure the hardships of army life, although bore up against the thought and did his best to keep up. January 6th, he was sent to general hospital and was discharged for disability January 31st. After reaching home he recruited somewhat and was able to labor for a time, but he soon grew worse and died November 29th, 1865. During his last days he was tenderly cared for by Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Barnard the parents of Albert D. of this Company who was an only son and only lived three weeks after he reached home. HORACE TRASK born in Braintree, Vt.. enlisted from Wai ren. His age is set at 45, but he was well preserved and it was hoped that he could do service. He was 5 ft. 9 in. in height, light complexion and blue eyes with hair already turning grey. After a few marches, however, he seemed to be breaking down and was detailed to assist in the regimental hospital, but even that proved too much tor him and he was sent to general hospital January 6, and was discharged for disability January 31st. He returned to Warren where he died. Biographical and Historical of Company B. 469 WILLIAM H. TRASK son of Horace, enlisted from Warren. Age set at 18 years. He was 5 ft. 8 in. in height, but slim and immature and yet it was such hoys as these who often showefi great endurance and made the best soldiers, and comrade Trask was no exception to the rule. He came home all right. For many years he has been engaged in business In Lynn, Mass. GEORGE J. TRASK son of Horace, enlisted from Warren, born in that town. Both his age and that of his brother William are set at 18 years, but we are sure that they were not twins. George the younger one, was rather heavier than his brother, but was half an inch shorter. He endured army life well increasing in height, and in weight till that last march. Since the war he has in creased his stature in height and breadth so that he could scarcely be recognized as the slight boy who enlisted in Company B, in '62. For many years he was in business in Lynn, Mass., but a few years ago returned In broken health to his old home in East Warren, Vt. CHARLES D. TOWLE born in Duxbury; enlisted from that town at the age of 18. He was a dark coan- plexioned black eyed boy, 5 ft. 7Vi in. in height and solid built. He was a good soldier. He was mustered out with the regiment and died some years ago. See Roster. WM. M. TURNER enlisted from Duxbury and was born in that town. He was 29 years old, and nearly 6 ft. tall. Though apparently rugged he was taken sick in December and was sent to general hospital January 6th, where he was discharged for disability March 6th. He recovered his health, however, so that on July 2Sth, 1864 he re-enlisted in Company G, 6th Vermont. He represented Duxbury in legislature one term. He died at. See Roster. HARVEY M. WAITE enlisted from Waitsfield; was born in Warren; was 22 years old, 5 ft. 8 in. tall and well built. For several months he acted as Company cook and he made an excellent man for the place. Once I recollect that while we were at camp Vermont the whole Company was ordered to report at Fort Lyon some miles away to labor on the construction of earthworks. We started early and were short of rations which would come later in the day. So we had the uninviting prospect of a meagre dinner after hard labor, but just as we were released at noon we saw an army team coming which proved to have on board a good supply of beans well cooked and other rations with comrade Waite to dish them out. He had hard work to get a team for the purpose but told those in charge that if the boys had to work they must have some dinner. Near the close of our term of service he was taken sick and just before we started on that long march he, with several others unable to endure the march was sent to the general hospital. Soon after his return he married Ella Parker, a sister of his comrade Dexter Parker, and purchased a farm in Waitsfield which by hard work and good management he greatly improved, building a fine barn and greatly increasing the production of the farm. Later he sold his farm and located in Waitsfield village where he owns a fine residence with land enough to furnish him some employment. JAMES H. WILSON was born in Warren and enlisted from that town. He was 20 years old and 5 ft. SVz in. in height, a fine well proportioned young man with light hair and blue eyes. He was prompt and active, and a boy who was universally liked by his companions. He was the only member of the company killed at Gettysburg. Dexter Parker received a very painful wound from a piece of shell which cut through one of his hands and he was in such agony that Corporal O. G. Miles and James H. Wilson started to help him to the rear, one on each side. They had only gone a short distance when a shell struck in a pile of stones and burst. All three fell to the ground and it was found that a small piece of shell had pierced Wilson's heart, killing him instantly. Parker was not further injured but Corporal Miles had splinters of stone driven into his back which were a great anoyance but not dangerous. Wilson's body was buried on the field with a carefully marked board placed at the head of his grave. ' Late in the fall of 1863, S. J. Dana of our company was sent to Gettysburg to bring his body home which task he successfully accomplished and he lies buried in the little cemetery at East Warren. Some of his comrades tell the story that while on the march 47° I ^"^ Thirteenth Kegiment Vermont Volunteers. towards Gettysburg they said to Wilson "Our time will soon be out and we shall go home." To which he replied "1 shall never go home alive. We shall have a fight and I shall be killed." This story comes too direct to be doubted but It it had not proved so true we. probably, should never have heard of it. Again, the missile that pierced his heart, like cases without number in the war. slew also anotlicr in the home town, who was to become his wife on his return. She lived only a few months after tbe terrible news reached her. JAMES WILBER enlisted from Duxbury; was born in Canada. He was 45 years old but was a man of good endurance and was usually well until attacked by measles in march. Like most persons who have this disease at his age, it went very hard with him and left him very weak, but so many were sick that he was put on duty before he was really able to perform it. and but for a fortunate circumstance he might not have come out of it as well as he did. About that time while we were at Wolf Run Shoals, we practiced target shooting at stated intervals, and at least on one or two trials the best shot was excused from guard and picket duty for a fort-night. Comrade Wilber was an excellent marksman and succeeded in hitting the bulls-eye one day and thus gained the much needed rest at the end of which he was in good trim to resume his usual duties. He married Emily Shonio about 1S44. She died in 1888. Children, Eliza, born 1845. married Henry A. Miner, resident Waitsfield. Elvira, born 1847. died 1857. Almeda. born 1848. married Frank Pero. Althesa. born 1850, deceased. Arminta, born 1853, married Sylvester Armington. deceased. Chester, born 1859. Willis, born 1862. Eldora, born 1864, married Sam Thompson of Barre. Cyrus, born 1867. Mr. Wilber died at the home of his son-in-law H. A. Miner in Waitsfield, April 16th, 1898. ALBERT WILLEY enlisted from Middlesex born in that town. He was IS years old. •") ft. 8% in. in height. He passed through his term of service without special incident and was discharged with the company. P. 0. address, Montpelier. LUCIEN WHITE born in Middlesex, enlisted from that town. He was 23 years old. He enlisted September 1st, being one of the few who .ioined the Company after its organization. March 21st, '63, was detailed to serve in a R. I. battery and we can find no record of his return to the Company. Present lesidence. Middlesex. He married Hattie I. Carpenter. EDMUND WHITCOMB born in Waitsfield, enlisted from that town at 19 years of age. Only 5 ft. 4i.j in. in height He was with the Company from start to finish doing good service. After his discharge he went to Northern N. Y., where he married and lived for some years. Then his wife died and he removed. Present address unknown. BURT JOSEPH CHAMBERLIN was born in middlesex, \'t.. August liHth, 1S42 and have always led a farmer's life in Middlesex, that being still my address. When President Lincoln's call for 300,000 men came my father said to me, "One of us must go." I enlisted in Co. B, 13th Vt. Vol. from Middlesex. I remained with my regiment until we were mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863. I was not absent from my company one day during the time. History tells of the part our gallant old 13th took at the battle of Gettys- burg and I have not forgtten the awful carnage of that battle. 1 was in the charge against General Pickett. March 8th. 1865. I married Miss Verona V. Vaughan. also of Middlesex, Vt., who was born in Pomfret. Windsor Co., Vt., January 4th. 1846. Four chil- dren were born to us (all of whom are living! as follows: Rufus N.. born January 24th. 1869; Wells J., born December Sth. 1S72; Edwin B.. born March 3rd. 1875; Mary A., born May 1st. 1877; all born in Middlesex. Vt. My father. Solomon Wells Cham- berlin. was born in Greenfield. Mass.. March 21st. 1807. was a farmer; died November 29th. 1871. My grandfather. Rufus Clesson Chamberlin. was born in Durham. Conn., August 31. 1770. Died in Middlesex, Vt., March 12. 1855. SAMUEL J. DANA. was born in Warren. Washington county. Vermont. May 18, 1833. When he was thir- teen years of age his parents moved to Fayston, where Mr. Dana still resides. October Bioyraphical and Historical of Coinpan\ B. 471 5, 1853, he married Adaline W. Benton, of Fayston. They had seven sons, six of whom are now living. She died October 24, 1886. On January 10, 1888, Mr. Dana married Mrs. Miranda Davis, who died April 24, 1889. He was married February 27, 1894, to Miss Mary J. Fisher, his present wife. August 2.5, 1862, he enlisted in the United States service and was mustered in October 10, 1862 as a private of company B, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He was with the regiment all through its service except when it left Fairfax Court House. Being sick at the time, he was left In the care of Lieutenant McElroy and Harvey M. Wait until an ambulance was sent for him from Wolf Run Shoals. He was wounded in the left arm by a piece of shell at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. At the expiration of his term, Mr. Dana returned to Brattleboro where he was honorably discharged July 21, of the same year. He was one of six brothers who served in the I'nion Army and came home with honorable discharges. His grandfather served in the War of 1812-1814 and his great-grandfather fought in the War of the Revolution. Mr. Dana represented the town of Fayston in the legislature of 1872-1873 and has held nearly all the town offices, acting as town clerk for 26 years. In company with his son, Henry W. Dana, he has been manufacturer of clapboards and shingles for several years, and is carrying on the business at the present time. He held the office of Assistant Judge of Washington County Court from December, 1902 to December, 1904. J. JULIAN DUMAS. It is with a full sense of my inability that I attempt to give you anything that will be of sufficient interest or worthy of a place in the history of the 13th regiment. Realizing to some degree the difficult task you have undertaken and doubting very much its accomplishment without the co-operation and mutual interest of every sur- vivor, I feel it my duty to assist, to the best of my ability, in making the enterprise successful and interesting to the present and coming generations. With this brief preface I will endeavor to give you in a condensed form my history before and after my enlistment. I was born in the town of Waitsfield, Vt., April 21, 1840, where I lived with my parents and attended the common district school until I was twelve years of age. I then commenced to work with my father, learning the carpenter and joiner's trade. I worked with him until September. 18.5.5. when I started out to make my way through this world, working at my trade in Vei-mont until December, 1859. At this time I went to St. Johns, P. Q.. where about two years after, in the fall of 1861, I was admitted as a member of a company of dragoons and drilled as a cavalry man until May. 1S62, when we were about to be enlisted and mustered into service; consequently I would have been obliged to swear allegiance to the English government. This I could not do; knowing of the conflict going on in my native land, and believing my duty (and life, if need be) was due to the defence and protection of the old Flag. I made my intentions known to the captain, (who recognized the fact that I was not bound in any way) and without further ceremony I packed my belongings and on the eve of May 6. 1862, reached my old home in Waitsfield. On the 16th of August. 1S62 I enlisted in Co. B. 13th Regiment, and served my country the best I could until July 21, 1863, when we were mustered out and I returned home with all the honors of a private. I re- mained in Waitsfield until August 10. 1863. when I went to Boston. Mass.. obtained employment with Chickering & Sons, manufacturers of pianos and stayed with them until Jan. 1869. when my contract with the firm terminated. I then opened a small jewelry and notion store in Watertown, Mass.. where I soon learned at a cost of $2,000 that I had made a sad mistake; closed out the business and started for a visit to the West. I wandered around the country but after a few months returned to Boston. Soon after I secured a situation with Geo. Woods & Co.. Cambridge. Mass.. manufac- turers of parlor organs, and remained with this firm until 1876. October 12, 1870 was married and made my home in Cambridge. In January, 1874, we were blessed with a daughter who is still with me. April, 1877, we removed to Bristol, Vt.. and I en- gaged with the Bristol Mfg. Co.. manufacturers of coffins and caskets, until in the spring of 1880 I severed my connection with this firm to take the position of superin- tendent with Baer Bros, of New York city, manufacturers of piano cases, with whom I remained until May, 1882. I returned to Bristol and entered into business for myself as dealer in house building materials. In 1888 my health failed and was obliged to sell out my business. In the summer of 1889. having regained to some degree my health, I entered the insurance business which I have followed to the present time. Thus, my comrades, in a few words I have given you my history, covering a period of sixty-two years. As to my success in life I have but little to say. only that I have in all these years secured a pleasant and comfortable home and a small building and lot on the business street in the town of Bristol ; but the greatest success I have made is that I have secured one of those mansions not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens to which I am looking forward with joy; and I recommend to all who have not secured one of those mansions that they do so at once for that is the greatest 472 Tlie Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. success any one can attain, ever bearing in mind that we shall pass through this world but once; any good therefore that we can do our fellowman, let us do It at once; let us not defer or neglect it for we shall not pass this way again. 1 enclose a recent photograph but have none prior to my enlistment. Died at Bristol, Vt., 1904. See page 110 and Roster. Fraternally yours, J. JULIAN DUMAS. JAMES K. HARTWELL. It is with none other than emotions the most pleasurable that I avail myself of the opportunity you so kindly offer to place myself on the "roll of honor" among those who will give their testimony as to the fidelity, the heroism and the soldier-like bearing that has always characterized the old i:Uh regiment Vermont Volunteers. In the summer of 1862 when on a visit (from my native city. Boston) to my family then sojourning in the town of Warren, Vt., I attended a war meeting, which had been announced to take place at the village church. I had no idea of becoming a soldier, but before the meeting closed my name was on the list, and from that time until we were mustered out at Brattlehoro I have never had occasion to regret taking the step that led me to don the blue. The reminiscences incident to our campaign, are many that might be recounted but "War Stories" have been told so "many times and oft" that they have become rather stale, and not a little threadbare, consecpiently in the little that I have to offer I prefer to confine myself chiefly to the mention of a few of the bright lights whose sterling integrity, whose fidelity to duty, whose fitness for the position they held have placed the old 13th on a pedestal to which every Vermonter can point with feelings of pride and pleasure. I am sure that I but voice the senti- ments of every member of the regiment when I say that no regiment in the service had a commander more gallant, more brave or more self possessed under the most trying circumstances than Col. Randall. It would seem invidious to particularize in a case where so many won distinction by an exhibition of noble, manly qualities, but I cannot omit to mention one who by his elevation to the best interest and comfort of those under his command, won the esteem, respect and confidence of every member of Co. B, Lieutenant McElroy. Let us cherish and keep green his memory until we meet him for an exchange of friendly and fraternal greetings on that 'eternal camping ground towards which our feet are rapidly hastening. All of the scenes and incidents of our campaign are still fresh in my mind, especially do I recall the event of December 28, 1862, when the boys of the 13th regiment shouted themselves hoarse at the unex- pected and welcome appearanc of Col. Randall when we stood in line awaiting the threatened charge from Stuart's cavalry. Another episode to be remembered and never forgotten occurred at Fairfax Court House, when Col. Mosby favored us with his presence and bore away his unwilling captive in the person of General Stoughton. Never shall I forget what little regret was manifested when the announcement was made to us. Neither will I forget with what unbounded enthusiasm we welcomed his sucessor. Gen. Geo. J. Stannard and who so heroically led us to victory at Gettysburg. Again on the evening of our first day at Gettysburg. The firing had ceased for the day and nothing was heard save the groans and prayers of the wounded and dying. I espied a short distance from where I was standing four women on their bended knees with bandages and cooling drinks, doing all in their power to lessen the pain and prolong the lives of those who had fallen. God bless them for they passed none by. not knowing or caring where they were born, at what altar they knelt, or whether they were clad in blue or gray. It was enough for them to know that these suffering men needed help, and their prayer was tor sufficient strength to enable them to give the needed relief. Upon enquiring I learned that they were called (and rightly too) Sisters of Mercy, and if I ever breathed to Heaven a heartfelt, soulful prayer it was then, that their life of self-sacrificing devotion may be their passport as they bow before our Supreme Commander to receive the approving sentence. "Well done good and faithful servant." 1 might continue indefinitely to relate stirring scenes that we all witnessed on that gory field during our three days' struggle, but there are others better qualified to do it than I. and tor that reason will draw^ my rambling story to a close, thanking you tor the privilege of contributing to a work that will be an inspira- tion to the rising generation. JAMES K. HARTWELL. JAMES K. HARTWELL enlisted from Warren. He was born in Boston. Mass.. and was 36 years old at date of his enlistment. In the summer of 1.S62 when on a visit to Warren. Vt.. he attended a war meeting at the village church. He said that he had no idea of becoming a soldier at that time but before the meeting closed his name was on the list as a volunteer from Warren and from that time until we were mustered out at Brattlehoro. July 21. 1863 none did better. Because of this visit by Comrade Hartwell, Company B gained Biographical and Historical of Company B. ' 473, an excellent soldier, ever ready at the call of duty and being more mature than some, his speech and action was worthy of imitation. Also his case was another example of the fact so often noticed in our late war that a clerk from a store endured the hardships of a soldier's life even better than a farmer's boy. Since the war Comrade Hartwell has resided in Cambridgeport, Mass., and has been an extensive dealer in hats, trunks, etc. His wife died some years ago. Children, James T., Sarah S., and Theresa R. Present address, 190 Green St., Cambridgeport, Mass. Of Mr. Hartwell Col. Randall wrote as follows and here is an extract from a letter dated at Montpelier, Vt., January 24, 1864. "I have a very distinct remembrance of Mr. James K. Hartwell and take pleasure in saying that he was one of my most faith- ful and trustworthy soldiers, displaying at all times those qualities so important in a good soldier, viz.: courage, fortitude and a ready obedience to and respect for superiors in office; and I regard him well qualified to hold an office in the line in any regiment." FRANCIS V. RANDALL, Late Col., 13th Regt., Vt. Vols. Because of a personal sketch by Comrade Hartwell, deem it wise to make no further comment. E. A. F., Historian, Co. B. EDGAR A. HASTINGS was born in Fayston, December 27, 1838. Enlisted from Waitsfleld, August 18, 1862. At Fairfax Court House Comrade Hastings was detailed from the company to act as brigade herdsman, and continued in that position sixteen weeks. Of that period he writes: "While acting in this capacity we found ample opportunity to enjoy the good things of this life. The larder was always kept replenished. Turkeys, chickens, eggs and honey forming a part of our menu, all of which was gathered by foraging. None of us went hungry or dry." He returned to the company March 12th, and continued with it to the end, doing such guard and picket duty as fell to his lot and taking part in the battle of Gettysburg. Since the war Comrade Hastings has lived in Waitsfield, Vt., in Ayer, Mass., and Lawrence, Mass., his present residence, where he is employed in the Farwell Bleachery. He was married March 15, 1864 to Addie C. Bodflsh, of Brandon, Vt., and has three living children, Albert Jerome, Cora Bell, and Estella May. ziBA McAllister was born at Waitsfield, Vt., August 27, 1841. Enlisted into the United States service August, 1862 at Waitsfield, Vt., and assisted the authorities of the town in raising their quota of nine months' men; were organized on the 25th day of August, 1862, served as private during the entire service with the company. When the regiment was at Brattleboro for muster into the service, he was detained at regimental head quarters to serve as the orderly for Colonel Randall and was kept there during his entire service with the regiment. He went with the regiment to Washington, D. C, to Camp Vermont in Virginia, thence Fairfax Court House to Wolf Run Shoals and to Gtettysburg, Pa. On the morning of the second days' fight he was ordered to take Jim (Francis V. Randall. Jr.) and the two extra horses and go to the rear and stay there until he was sent for, the Colonel then said, "Ziba, if anything happens to me you see that Jim gets home all right, for this is going to be a liot fight and I do not know what will happen." So in obedience to orders he went to the rear, back I think on the Baltimore Pike near a large red barn that was being used for a field hospital. There they remained during that day and night. On the morning of the third day, being anxious to hear from the regiment he left Jim there near the hos- pital with orders not to leave until he returned. Then he started in pursuit of the regiment and fortunately found them lying at the left of the cemetery, lying closed column by division and flat on the ground. The shells from the enemy's guns were dropping in there pretty fast, about this time Private Stoddard discovered his ap- proach and raising himself so that he could be seen, shouted, "No dodging there, Mac." The colonel came to him, made some inquiries, told him to send Asst. Surgeon Crandall (who was near by at the time) to the regiment, then go back and find Jim and to stay there until after the battle. On the morning after the Battle they .loined the regiment and were finally discharged with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt. In November, 1863. he again enlisted, this time in Co. C. 1st Regt.. Vt. Cavalry, Joined the regiment at Stevensburgh. Va.. in January, 1864. Did picket duty on the Rapidan River, was with Gen. Kilpatrick on his famous raid to Richmond in February. Went with Sheridan across the rivers when the army moved for the Wilderness. Was with Sheridan when he with his cavalry passed around Lee's right and appeared In their rear at Beaver Dam station. Was with Gen. Wilson in his famous raid around Petersburg. Went with Sheridan into the Shenandoah Valley; was at the 474 '^^'t' fliii'icciitli Rcgiincut I'crmant Vohtiitceis. battle of Winchester and all subse(|Ueiil inoveinents of his until Oct. 7, when he waa finally disabled by a pistol shot in the left side fracturing three ribs from which he did not recover in season to do further service at the front. Was in the hospital at Wilmington, Del., at 13rattleboro and Montpelier, Vt., and was finally discharged from the service with the regiment at Burlington, Vt.. in .luly, I860. He was in the West for three years after which he leturned to Waitsfield where lie has since resided. He was married to Betsey A. Jones of Waitsfield. December 7, 1870, had one son, Harry, who died December u, 189.^. He was constable of the town from 1880 to 1885; served on the school board; was assistant door l^eeper of the Vermont Senate Session, 1882; was commissioned postmaster at Waitsfield November 29, 1SS9, and he is still at the work. He was associated with the Good Templars of the state for twenty- five years and served as (!rand Marshall of the Grand Lodge for two terms; is a Mason and a Knight Teni))lar: has been a niembei- of Ainsworth Post No. :'6. G. A. R. since its organization in 1871. See page 108. BYRON J. STOCKWELL was the son of Cephas and Clarissa (Perkins) Sioclvwell, was born in Moretown. March 24th. 184,3. His grandfather David Stocl / III- I hirti'citth Kcyiiiiciit I 'cniiont I oluntccrs the company and regiment were mustered out July 21, ]8(i3. His age at enlistment was 34, a vigorous, able-bodied man, weU calculated in every respect for a soldier in time of war. Was on hand and ready at all times to perform his duly to the utmost, active, zealous and faithful in camp, on the march, picket line, and in battle. He tool< rank as among the resolute non-commissioned officers of the regiment. His manly appearance attracted attention and he was looked upon as a model officer and Boldier. After being discharged he resumed his occupation and continued an upright, valuable citizen of Vermont until .\pril 1st, 1.S94. He died in Marshfield and was there buried, and is remembered by his old comrades as a brave soldier and a respected citizen. He was a tyi)ical Green Mountain boy and made good the record of Vermont soldiers on the field of battle at Gettysburg. His death was untimely and his com- rades sincerely regret that he could not have longer enjoyed the glorious land he so ardently fought to save from hostile foes of liberty and union. To only a few mortals is given the privilege of successfully standing in the breach where the weal or woe of national existence depends on devotion and genuine patriotism. In the crisis at Gettysburg Sergeant Pitkin and his comrades of the Second Vermont Brigade met and vanquished General Pickett, making a desperate charge with ten thousand of the flower of General I.ee's mighty army, and won the day and battle and turned the tide for the cause of the union. Too much cannot be said in praise of such. The generations of the future will more fully realize and appreciate all that was accom- plished in saving this land from destruction in the war of 1861-6.5. A fine picture of Comrade Pitkin is on ]iage 161'.. CORPORAL EDGAR A. KELTON volunteered in August, 1862, at the age of 19, and enrolled under Capt. Lewis L. Coburn of Company C. He was born in the town of Calais in 1843. He was made corporal as soon as the company was organized and later as soon as a vacancy oc- curred was promoted to sergeant February 2S, 1S63. This single act w^as an exhibi- tion of his good standing and high appreciation with the officers of his company. He did not disappoint those responsible for his promotion but made good their faith in him on all occasions. He was an enthusiastic boy and soldier, anxious to discharge his every duty no matter how exacting and laborious. Few indeed, in Company C that gave better promise of fulfilling to the letter the required responsibilities and duties of a soldier in time of war than Sergeant Kelton. His pictures on page 166 of this book fully justifies unstinted praise for the manner he performed his duty throughout his strenuous service. He was a sober, thoughtful and careful young man, indicating observance of moral training and watchful care and love of a devoted Christian mother and patriotic father. His education was in the district schools of Vermont, where in those early days boys were not only taught to read, write, spell and cipher but a code of moral conduct that governed their actions in whatever calling or occu- pation in life they might be placed in. It need not be mentioned here that he ac- quitted himself with great credit on the battlefield of Gettysburg. Not one returned to his home in Vermont more thankful for having served his country, and in the 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Comrade Kelton resumed his place for a period in the home he loved. Init soon he was grown up and ready to grapple with the responsibilities of civil life, circum- stances changed his surroundings and while home, the hills and valleys and streams were dear, the far West beckoned him to wider fields and greater opportunities to make for himself a home and reputation, and therefore left the scenes of childhood, bid good bye to friends and comrades and settled down in the Golden West. He was living in Portland, Ore., in 18S6. The author has not been able to ascertain whether living or not. His last visit to Vermont was in 1S69, and his picture on page 166 was taken in Oakland, Cal., on that date. Nothing definite has been heard of him of late. He is supposed to have joined the silent majority some years ago. His manly quali-. ties and comradeship is still green in memory among his surviving associates of Company C. CHARLES E. SHEPARD I was born in Marshfield. Vt.. .\pril i;2, 1S37. My education was poor and obtained In the common schools of my native town. I grew up with and like most of the boys I associated with. Nothing very remarkable in my youthful career prior to my enlist- ment August 29. 1862. This was the commencement of my hitherto uneventful life. When the news eame_of the fall of Fort Sumter by rebel shot in .\pril. 1S61. 1 was. a young man at work at my trade in Marshfield. making boots and shoes and was the village cobbler, and my shop was the resort of yoimg and old and the news of the war was the principal subject we talked about. I became interested and awakened and soon began to believe it my duty to enlist and my thoughts by day and dreams by night were about the pending conflict between the North and South. My first vote had been cast for Abraham Lincoln for president and when he called for volunteers it appeared to me like a personal invitation to enlist and go and help put down the Hiotjraj^hical and Historical of Company C. 487 wicked rebellion. My conviction was volunteer and join Uncle Sam's great army and fight for the right and freedom. My young wife held me back for said she, "You will never return alive and I cannot let you go." It was indeed hard to leave wife and home and friends believing it quite probable that I should never see them again. The battles up to the time 1 enlisted were all against the Union army and many thous- ands had been killed and wounded and thousands more had died in the hospitals, and surely the prospect of returning was doubtful ;and yet my country called and patriotic devotion said volunteer and help save the life of the government then struggling for existence. That parting day when we left for Brattleboro on our way to Washing- ton was sorrowful and could not and have not forgotten it. The opportunity came and 1 signed the roll to go with Lewis L. Coburn. who was recruiting a company for the 13th Regiment and on organization Lewis L. Coburn was elected captain of the East Montpelier Company and given the letter of Company C. It was a fine company and our captain was as good as any captain ever sent from Vermont. Some of us thought he should have been elected Lieutenant-Colonel when the regiment was organized, but a majority of the officers thought different and elected Andrew C. Brown, of Montpelier. He was all right and made a good officer. I was made third corporal on the organization of the company, but in January when the 2nd Vermont Brigade Band was organized was on my own request reduced to the ranks and was then detailed in the band at Fairfax Court House January 12, 1863. I was taken sick at Union Mills with a fever but soon recovered and joined the band which I enjoyed much. My wife came to see me six days before we started on the march in pursuit of General Lee and his army, June 25, 1S63. She returned home and I went to Gettysburg. Here is one incident of army life in camp. Comrade Woodcock came Into camji one day with a pig under his arm. Colonel Randall saw him and called him to account and asked him if he had forgotten the order about shooting pigs, and he said no, but this is no pig, but a rabbit. The colonel said "no fool- ing, and you may report to headquarters immediately." The result was that the colonel had some of that rabbit for his dinner the next day and asked the cook where he got that fine pig and ordered him to send for more. This illustrates one side of the colonel's character and why the boys thought so much of him. I have two children, Burt M., of Montpelier and JNIrs. Geo. F. Bliss, of Marshfield. Since the Civil War I have resided in Marshfield. The majority of the old boys of Company C have re- sponded to the last tattoo and one by one passed over that silent river into the great beyond where in a few brief years the last of the immortal heroes that fought at Gettysburg will join that great army now bivouacked on the Elysian fields of heaven. CHARLES E. SHEPHARD. Sept. 24, 1904. CORPORAL ELI T. MARSH I was born in Montpelier, Vermont, 1834, and enlisted Into the East Montpelier Company C, and on the organization was made corporal, but acted as sergeant with the color guard much of the time and was on duty all the time except two weeks wlien in hospital at Fairfax Court House. A good many were sick at this place and the hos- pital was full of sick with fever and lung trouble and an officer by the name of Lieut. Marsh was very sick while I was there and a man by the name of Bliss from Company G, died on the cot next to me — quite a large number died at this camp. Our regiment moved from this camp January 20, and marched some ten miles and camped at a place called Wolf Run Shoals. I was glad to go to the Shoals for so many of our regiment had been sick and quite a number had died. When at Wolf Run Shoals camp we had many days and nights out on the picket line up and down the Occoquan River. The Rebs often came down to our line to see what we were doing and who we were. Bushwhacker Mosby and his gang were out most every night to break through our picket line somewhere and that kept us on the watch day and night. Mosby got over a number of times and stole some forage and other stuff that had been sent to us from Alexandria on the cars, but he was off before w-e could catch him. He and his men knew where to go and hide and we did not know wliere to find them. We had a hard, cold, long winter here and it was snow, mud and rain and cold wind and all kinds of weather most all the time in this camp. Most of the boya were sick and many had measles and here too, some of the boys begun to "itch," scratch, and on looking over themselves found body lice on their person and in the seams of their blouses and shirts and drawers, and it was a hard job to get rid of them. There w-as a comrade, an old man of Company K by the name of Sunderland, that was the washwoman for the regiment and he knew how to fix the busy, crawling graybacks (as we called them) and so we hired him to wash and kill the graybacks in our clothing and in this way we were soon rid of them. I was happy to leave the miserable camp of Wolf Run Shoals for we had a hard time here, many were down sick; hospital full all the time, and many sick remained in the company tents and were taken care of by their tentmates. It was now April and the coming of spring cheered up all. We marched down the Occoquan to our new Camp some 6 miles on 488 The Thirteenth Rcgiinent I'eniiuiit I'oliintcers the 1st and 2nd day of April. It was a lovely place and all about was beautiful and interesting. It was only about ten miles to Mount Vernon and many of us planned to go and see the place where President Washington lived, died and was buried. There were a good many old mansion homes in this section, evidently before the war it was inhabited by the F. F. V. of Old Virginia. Our duty here was still on the outer picket line. It was now warmer and pleasant and the boys roamed about and had a good time. We stayed in this camp until .lunc 2^>, and then we took up the long march in pursuit of General Lee and his big army. This was a great march, 7 days from early morning to late night but we reached Gettysburg the first day of the battle just at night, and though played out and hungry, were ready for a fight. We could hear the cannonading, and see the smoke long before we reached the field and just as we arrived on the southwestern side of the battle ground west of Hig Round Top we met wounded soldiers fresh from fighting and they told us what had occurred and how they had been compelled to retreat. We halted for orders and then marched across the Emmitsburg road and up on to Cemetery Hill, where we remained all night, ex- pecting the enemy any moment. The next day as soon as light the cannon began to talk and the shell to come over and explode all about. We got behind Cemetery Hill, but the shell came from different directions so we were hit just the same. In the afternoon of the second day the Rebs broke our front battle lines and our brigade was sent on a charge. General Hancock came galloping on his foaming steed and asked our colonel if he could go down in the valley (pointing in the direction) and get those guns that the Rebs were hauling off. Colonel Randall looked in the direction and replied, "Yes sir. here are the boys that are ready to try and will do the job or die." Then Colonel Randall gave the order. "Forward, double quick, march," and the way we went down the hill and across the valley with a cheer and yell for the guns. We did not keep a very straight battle line for all seemed anxious to get there first. Company C boys were all good runners and were in the lead with the flags waving. About the time we reached the cannon the rebels dropped the cannon. Captain Coburn was in the lead of our company. Captain Lonergan and his big, tall Irishmen, could not run as fast as Company C, so we were first at the guns. The Rebs started on the run just as we got to them; they fired at us a few times and we at them and they skedad- dled and got behind the fences and houses out of danger and we drew the cannon back up the hill within our lines. General Hancock came up and thanked Colonel Randall and said, "That was well done! Give me Vermonters for a charge." Colonel Randall's horse was shot on this charge but he was soon up at the liead, sword in hand, pointing the way and urging and encouraging the boys on. Who took hold of the guns first I can't tell for we were all there about the same time. I saw Captains Coburn and Lonergan and others at the guns and we drew them back part way up the hill and turned them over to the cannoneers, to which they belonged and then Colonel Randall said, "Boys, those fellows are firing at us; we will drive them d Rebels out of those buildings or kill them — about face charge," and then we went again and surrounded the buildings and captured some prisoners. Colonel Randall sent Captain Coburn with his Company along the road south towards the place they called the Peach Orchard, after more cannon, but when we got there what we supposed was rebel cannon was caissons that had been hit by our guns and blown up. so we returned back to our position in the front battle line that the Rebs had broken through when they captured some of our cannon. It was now almost dark. But this charge was nothing like the General Picket charge on the next and last day of the fight. I was acting as sergeant with the color guard and five out of eight of the color guard were woimded. I had five bullet holes through my clothing and a flesh wotmd on my neck that drew blood and that was near enough to satisfy me. Webster Benjamin was hit and I cut oft the straps to see where and how bad he was wounded. He was hit In the side and had to be taken off the field to the hospital, but he was up in a few days so he went home with us and was mustered out. It was a close call for him. Henry Wakefield and Willard Snow were wounded in this battle. On the 4th of July I helped bury some of our dead. This was a sad duty, but had to be done. Of all the sad sights I saw was the battlefield next day after the battle, 20,000 killed and more than that number wounded, many of them mortally and died before assistance could in any way care for them. In many places the dead and seriously wounded lay side by side, some wore the gray, but the larger part in that part of the field had on the blue. The bloated corpses and stench and moans of despair and pleadings to be taken off the field were awful to bear. I have complied with your request, but I guess It would be just as well to leave it out of the book. ET.T T. MARSH. COT?POEAL NORRIS W. FLINT was a volunteer from the town of East Montpelier, counted on the quota of his town and enrolled in Company C and on the organization of the company was made one of the corporals and served in this capacity until discharge. .July 21, 1863. His age was 2o. and in all appearance physically prepared for soldier life. He w^as a good. BiograHiical and Historical of Coinpaiiy C. 489 faitliful man, made good every expected requirement and secured and enjoyed the confidence of his superior officers and associate comrades. A man of few words, of upright conduct and ready and willing to do his full duty on all occasions. He made a good record and returned home at the end of his term of service and again took up his occupation where he left it when he enlisted. He is supposed to be dead, but no definite information have we been able to secure of him of late years. We can bear testimony of his good and valiant conduct while a member of Company C. His age was 25 at enlistment and was looked up to as one of our company whose example we were to copy. CORPORAL SERENO W. GOULD volunteered August 29, 1S02, and counted on the quota of the town of Marshfield, joined East Montpelier Company and when fully organized was made corporal. His age was 39, and a robust, well preserved man; just the kind for a military life in time of war. Evidently endowed with courage, health, endurance that made him an ideal person for soldier life. He was no brag, nor did he court danger or opportunity to demonstrate prowess on the battlefield. It was evident from his general appearance and careful speech he would not run at the sound of the first cannon or retreat imtil ordered. He volunteered because his country called and for no other reason. He did well his part from first to last, making a good record. He lived a number of years after the close of the war and often referred to his career as a soldier, as the only act of life worthy of particular mention and this was the pride of his life. He moved to Medford, Mass., and there died quite a number of years ago and is buried in the public cemetery. His picture may be seen on page 170. CORPORAL ROLLIN D. STEWART enlisted August 29, 1862, and counted on the quota of Berlin, and enrolled in Company C. His age was 23. After the election of company officers was appointed a corporal, in which position he served until discharged July 21, 1863. His education was in the common schools of his native town. He had grown to manhood surrounded by in- fluences that made him respected, a useful citizen and upright in all his relations to society. He was just the age for army life and when President Lincoln called for volunteers he responded cheerfully, willing to serve his country and lose his life if required. He made a good record and returned home happy that he had volunteered and served in Company C, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He resides in Berlin, Vt., and his picture is on page 168 of this book. CORPORAL AZRO A. PLATT was born in East Montpelier, educated in the common district schools and grew up to manhood like the most of the boys of Vermont, brought up on a farm. His age at the time of firing on Port Sumter was 28, hence fully realized that the country was in danger and war was sure to come. After due consideration, volunteered into East Montpelier Company under Captain Coburn and because of age and other good qualifications was appointed Sth corporal. He was not a natural born soldier, but still acted well his duty during his term of service. He died at Waterbury, Vt., No- vember 22nd, 1906. and is buried at Barre, Vt. CHRISTOPHER H. WAKEFIELD I was born in Montpelier, Vt., September 3rd, 1838, son of Ellas and Relief Eddy (Ornisby) Wakefield. Enlisted from East Montpelier August 29th, 1862 in Company C as fifer and on the organization of the regiment at Brattleboro was placed on the right of drum corps which place was held by me during my term of service. I well remember our leaving Camp Vermont at 9 p. m., November 25, marching through rain and mud for Union Mills, and our return December Sth through a storm of snow and sleet. The appearance of Camp Vermont that night was anything but pleasant for camping. Several of us secured lodgings in a negro shanty on tne plantation of Mr. Johnson near by exchanging coffee for hoecakes which the negroes baked. After a hearty supper we had a fine night's sleep on the floor. I married Mary E. Warren, of Middlesex, May 28, 1864; of this union there are three children, all of whom are living, Fred J., Nora E., and Jennie W. C. H. WAKEFIELD. Comrade Christopher H. Wakefield resided in Swanton about ten years and there- fore had an opportunity to know him quite well in civil life and often talked over the old days when camping and marching and doing duty on the picket line between Bull Run Battlefield and the Potomac river. He was a fine musician and good car- penter and joiner, of good habits, a genial disposition, a quiet, peacable and reliable citizen. His only daughter married the only son of Hon. Henry A. Burt, of Swanton, and is now living in the town of Pickerel, Neb., as the widow of H. A. Burt, Jr. 490 I he Tliirtci'iitit Kccjiiiiciit W-ninnit I 'oliintccrs Comrade Wakefield died in Montpelier Vt 190.. His brother, W. H. H. Wakefield, of Company C, died May 3, 1905. They freely offered their lives for the preservation of the I'nion. All honor to these brave sons of the Republic. May the generations that shall dwell in our beloved state emulate the patriotism of her brave sons that volunteered at Country's urgent call to fight the battles of the Union. For pictures of Christopher .sec page 1G8. K. wlio gave up all for his country. A picture will be seen on page 204. JOHN KIMBALL CROSS 1 was born in .Montpelier. Vermont. December 17, 1S44, but enlisted from the town of Berlin. Was the son of Jonas Parker and Phebe Cross. I was brou.ght up on a farm and taught by my father how to do all kinds of farm work. 1 attended school winters and falls and worked on the farm summers and at the time of my enlistment had acquired an average common school education as well as a fair knowledge of farming. As soon as the war cloud aiipeared above Fort Sumter I was uneasy and began to wish tl;at 1 ctiUld be a soldier. There was nothing in the papers except news of war dow^n in the Southern States. Everybody was up in arms about the firing on Fort Sumter and the wicked and foolish conduct of the rel)els trying to secede and break up the Union. I was young and knew b\it little about war or the causes that led to it. M,y father and all of his neighbors were outspoken for President Lincoln and stood strong for him, and the course he had adopted, and favored war rather than sur- render principle. I listened and read the newspapers, attended war meetings and very soon decided to enlist if 1 bad a chance. From the way my father and mother talked 1 believed thev would give their consent though 1 was not 21. It was about the 29th dav of August, I was in the field mowing oats, a young man called to me from the road and soon came over where I was and asked me if I did not want to enlist and go to war. His name was Geor.ge S. Robinson, of Berlin. 1 was quite well acquainted with him and thought him a good fellow to go in a company with to the war. I at once Biographical and Historical of Coiiipaiiy C. 497 said I was ready to sign the paper and would go if my fatiier and mother would con- sent. They said, "Yes, go if you want to and do the best you can." I dropped the scythe, signed the roll and the next day went to Bast Montpelier, where we organized into a company called Company C. Lewis L. Cobum was elected captain, and my townsman and friend, George S. Robinson, first lieutenant, and William E. Martin second lieutenant. Here we drilled every day for three weeks and about the last of September started for Brattleboro to be mustered into the United States army and go to Washington to help guard the city from capture. We were mustered in Oc- tober 10 and on the next day started for the seat of war. We took the cars at Brat- tleboro, arriving at New Haven, Conn., in the night and went on board of a steam- boat and reached New York City the next morning in good season. None of the boys had slept much for it was all new and were all anxious to see the sights. We crossed over into Jersey City when we were told that a good breakfast would be served up in good style. It was awful and we never forgot it and never wanted any more Of the same kind. Those who served it called it soup, but the boys called it swill. It was served in the streets out of dirty looking barrels poured into our coffee cups hot and steaming. It did not taste or smell good and no one could tell what it was. We called it Jersey soup and the taste and smell we never forgot. We ate but little and threw it away. On our arrival at Philadelphia we were given a grand spread and a fine place to sit down and eat, and we did ample justice to the generous dinner set before us. We reached Baltimore in the night; the streets were dark, gloomy and slippery, and some of us were timid, for rumor said the city was full of rebels and fhey might shoot and kill at any time. We reached Washington the next day at night. We were marched about a mile east of the capitol building and a green flat of ground to camp on. After the regiment crossed over Long Bridge into Virginia the first night we camped at a place we called Camp Seward, some ten miles from Wash- ington, we received new orders and then marched to Alexandria, crossed Hunting Creek and camped down on the low. flat ground for the night and on the next day marched a mile or more south and located in the woods on a hill near a large spring, and this was a beautiful location, and we named it Camp Vermont. Here we did picket duty and worked on Port Lyon. The boys did not take kindly to the shovel and pick and said they did not enlist to build mud forts; our regiment was not a success at fort building. We now belonged to the defences of Washington and remained on the picket line near Washington until sometime in June, 1S6.3. I well remember the march we made in mud and snow in the night to Fairfax Court House called "Ran- dall's Raid." The day before Thanksgiving being anxious to have a chicken pie went out among the nearby farmers and tried to buy some chickens but none were sold, but the next day a number of good sized chicken pies were served up in good old Vermont style, and we were satisfied, but the natives were mad and came to camp, but no one had seen or heard of chickens though feathers in plenty could be seen about camp. The most of these nearby farmers were rebels and we had but little respect tor them or their chickens. We had a hard time on the picket line during the winter and suffered from cold and storm. Many were sick and quite a large number died before spring. As soon as spring opened we began to prepare for battle, for it was evident that Gen- eral Hooker was about to ci'oss the Rappahannock and strike for Richmond but Gen- eral Lee, always alert was on the south bank watching and waiting and making every preparation to give General Hooker a warm reception, if any attempt made to capture Richmond. About the time w^e started on the march for Gettysburg I was detailed to guard the wagon train, and therefore was in rear of the marching army. There were no thrilling events in my soldier life. I was mustered out with the regiment, remained in Vermont a short time, and then went to Clinton, Mass., where I have lived for some 38 years, being employed as an overseer in a woolen mill. I married in September, 1S6S, Sarah Elizabeth Soumby, and we had three children. Dr. Albert E.. born August 23, 1872, and now resides in Worcester. Mass.; Edward M., born February 20, 1876, now residing in Cambridge, Mass.; and also Mildred, born December 21, 1890, and now living at home. I have ever been proud because I volunteered to serve my country at a very critical time and very thankful because I joined Colonel Randall's regiment. It was a good regiment and did good fighting at Gettysburg. JOHN K. CROSS, Company C. P. S. Dear Comrade Sturtevant: — Excuse this rambling sketch; I have compiled with your request as best I can. Our army days were many years ago. I have lived away from my comrades and have forgotten most of the funny incidents of my army life. Use this or throw it aside as you may judge best and I shall be satisfied J. K. C. See page 172 for pictures of Comrade Cross. Edt. SAMUEL CROZIER was from the tow-n of Berlin, and volunteered in August. 1862, and joined East Mont- pelier Company. His age at this time was 30. A ripe age for a soldier, but his phy- sical constitution was not equal to the arduous life and exposure necessary during an ^yj< riu- Tliirtci'iilli Rt-yuiii-nt I'cniwnt ]'oUiiilccrs active campaign. He was discharged February 20, 1863. He is report.-d as having died quite a number of years ago but just when and where cannot say. He at least showed his anxiety and solicitude for the preservation of the land that gave him birth. HORACE P. DARLING was born in the town ot Elmore, Vt., .lanuary 28, 1840; educated in the common schools of Vermont and at the age of 22 volunteered into Capt. Lewis L. tobi'ms coninanv. called Company C on the 1st day of September, lSt>2, and from enlistment to musl'er out at Hrattleboro, Vt.. .July 21, )S6:{, was always with his company partic,- Dating in all its duties, hardships, marches, picket duty, drills and raids and battles. Was of the right age. 22. for a soldier. His physical and mental qualifications w'ere all right for the duties required at the front at this time of active warfare. The company record shows that Comrade Darling was on hand for duty at all t>mes not a mark against l.im; a clean r( cord, which tact goes to thow he was a good, laithtul soldier He returned home to Vermont with an enviable character as a brave vol- unteer' He counted on the quota of Worcester and, at enlistment, was a resident of that town. He returned and lived in Worcester, and on April 3rd, 1903, responded to the final call and joined the silent majority. He is buried in the village cemetery of Worcester. Pictures of this comrade will be found on page 109. CHARLES A. DAVIS volunteered from the town of Marshfield and counted on its it and returned home, but the battle of Gettysburg, Biographical and Historical of Company C. 501 though the turning one did not end the war and our aged and enthusiastic comrade felt impelled to volunteer again and did, into Company I of the 11th Vermont Volun- teers, December 3rd, 1S63, and remained in the service until the mighty army of Gen- eral Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox, April 9, 1S65. His devotion to principle and country was of the Ethan Allen quality. He remained steadfast until the foe was subdued and the stars and stripes again fluttered in the breeze above the ruins of Fort Sumter. He was discharged July 17, 1865, by reason of the end of the war. He returned home and quietly resumed his place in society and lived and died a respected citizen. He died at Berlin, Vt., February 1st, 1891, and was buried in the village cemetery of Worcester, Vt. Because of the patriotic devotion of this dead hero of the Republic, and those like him, a mighty and glorious land is still the in- heritance of the patriots of 1776. Turn to page 204 and you will be convinced of the truthfulness of all that has Ijeen said in praise of my esteemed comrade, Cresmon Hancock. HORACE L. HILL volunteered from the town of East Montpelier August 29, 1862, and joined Company C, at the age of 21. He was a clean, nice looking and appearing young man with a good character. Evidently well born and brought up. His ambition was satisfied when mustered into the army to fight for the preservation of the Union. He made a good soldier and returned home w'ith an enviable record on the march and in battle. Young men made good soldiers and were as brave and valiant as any. This youthful hero of 1863 is now the old man of three score and ten, but still thankful that he volunteered when his country was assailed and in danger of being overthrown. May my dear Comrade Hill live many years to enjoy this glorious land he faced the belching cannon and the bayonet charge in the valley of Plum Run, Gettysburg, to save. See page 220 for the pictures of one of Company C's valiant heroes in General Pickett's charge .luly 3rd, 1863. His descendants will ever read with pride the record made and honor won. WILLIAM H. ROWLAND volunteered from the town of East Montpelier, August 29, 1S62, at the age of 22. and joined Company C. All of the boys of East Montpelier were made of the right kind of clay that quickly developed into first class soldiers. Their opportunities for an education were better than the average. They were intelligent and well informed as to the war and what was expected of them as soldiers. Young Howland in age and all other qualifications was adapted to the calling of a fighting soldier. He met every requirement and faithfully served out his term and was discharged with his regiment, July 21, 1863, and returned home but could not be content so long as the war was Btili pending. He re-enlisted as a veteran September 14, 1863, into Company E, 17tlii V'ermont Regiment and went again to the front in the spring of 1864. Was mortally wounded in the battle of the Wilderness May 6 and died May 10, 1864. Many of this regiment were killed and wounded in these battles of the 5th, 6th and 7th of May. Comrade Howland was a true son of Vermont and a brave soldier or he would not have re-enlisted. His picture may be seen on page 216. DAVID HUNTINGTON voluntered from the town of Marshfield and counted on its quota on the 29th of August, 1862; joined Company C, serving the full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863. His age at the date of enlistment was 28. He returned and resumed his place in society and has ever been a good and respectable, law abiding citizen. The one act of life to which he often refers with pride was that of a soldier for his country when it was in peril. His residence in Plainfield, Vt. His picture will be found on page 178. GEORGE S. LAWRENCE was one of the Middlesex brave volunteers that enrolled on September 15, 1862, and joined Company C. His age at this date was 22. He was a robust, fine appearing young man and by his officers and associates considered well fitted for the arduous duties of a soldier in active w^arfare. He served with credit and returned with honor and heroism in battle. His patriotic heart led him to enlist into the Second Vermont Regiment in the summer of 1864 and became a member of Company D, where he dis- played unusual bravery in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, and Peters- burg, Va., March 25, 1865, in both of which battles he was wounded, and in one quite seriously. Was discharged July 19, 1865. He returned home after the war with a record that demonstrated he was one of the valiant sons of the Green Mountain State. He died April 29, 1892, at Middlesex. Vt., and was buried in the Lewis cemetery of that ~,02 Tlic riiirti'cntli Rcqiinciit l\-niioitt I'oluntccrs town. His conirados and accinaintances were ever proud of him as a soldier and citizen, and sincerely mourn his loss and sympathize with relatives and friends. His death was too soon for only oO. For one who had served so well it is a pity thatj he could not have enjoyed the blessings of victory longer. It is not for us to reason why not. His pictures will be seen on page 186. WILLIAM E. LAWSON son of William and Eliza (Marshal) Liiwsoii. was boru in Kast Montpelier, Vt., April 11, 1841; died at Montpelier, October 21, 1904. He enlisted in Company C, 13th Regi- ment Vermont Volunteers, August 36, 1862, receiving his discharge at Urattleboro, July 2], 1863, having served as private during the regiment's term of service. At the time of his enlistment he was 22 years of age. stood six feet one and three-quarters Inches in height and had followed the occupation of farmer. His mortal remains now rest in the family lot in the Cutler cemetery in his native town.. February 26, 1868, at Karre, Vt., Mr. Lawson was married to Miss Sarah M. Dodge, eldest daughter of Robert and Alma C. Dodge, of East Montpelier, who survives him. Mr. and Mrs. Lawson never had any children. He was a charter member of Brooks Post No. 13. G. A. R., of Montpelier, holding offices up to and including Senior Vice Commander, and a member of Vermont Lodge No. 2, and Thomas Wildey Encami)mcnt No. 11, I. O. O. F. "Ed" Lawson. as lie was known among "the boys," to the day of his departure from this life like many of his associates was fond of foraging, rarely missed an oi)portuuity to add a toothsome bit to the regular bill of fare. It is told of him that on one occasion while at Union Mills he was in search of poultry. Geese were scarce — and shy. Somehow "Ed" discovered a small flock in a farm yard, but as the owner was friendly to the Union cause, orders had been given not to molest them. "But if I should be passing and one of those geese should chase me into camp, no harm would come to me?" "Certainly not," said Captain Coburn, than whom no better man ever commanded a company. Late that afternoon "Ed" bethought himself of the days when he caught bull frogs in Sodom pond, and having a fish hook he secured it to one end of a small but exceedingly stout fish line, and baiting the hook with a kernel of corn he cast it among the flock of geese. An instant later a big white gander had swallowed the hook. Just as "Ed" started to leave the premises, his web-footed game following a few feet behind with outstretched neck, the good woman of the house appeared upon the scene shouting, "Don't be afraid of that old gander, young man; he always chases strangers out of the yard, but he won't bite you." That evening "the goose that chased 'Ed' Lawson into camp" was served "a la Virginia." Respectfuly submitted, P. C. DODGE. (Brother of Mrs. W. E. Lawson.) His picture will be seen on page 174. ROCK LEMWIN volunteered from the town of Plainfield, Vermont in August, 1862, and at once joined Company C. His age at this time was 42, and though well along in years was a robust, vigorous looking and appearing man and calculated tor the hardship and danger attending the life of a soldier during active warfare. He did in fact make good in the service on all occasions, and returned home with a good record. The war was not over and Comrade Leniwin still was anxious and again volunteered October 2nd, 1863. and joined Company E. 17th Vt. Vols., as a veteran. Mustered out on the 3rd day of March, 1864, and died of disease March 7. 1864. These dates are from the Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers. WILLIAM HENRY LEWIS I was born and bred in East Montpelier and from that town volunteered on the 29th day of August, 1862. and joined Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers. I did not have a very good chance for an education and like many other boys did not improve the opportunity as I should. I was at the district school which was good. The date of my birth was .\ugust 20. 1S4.'{ ard hence just 19 when I enlisted My father was a farmer and as a boy followed that occupation. I was i)retty fresh at the time of enlist- ment and knew nothing about the duties of a soldier but was quite willing and anxious to go and do my part. I was healthy and strong and from all T could learn thought it a duty to volunteer and help put down the wicked w^ar. My father and mother were willing and I left for Brattlelioro with my company to be mustered in with a light heart, throbbing for a fight with those Southern cha))s who were trying to destroy the Union and establish slavery. Though soldier life was hard at times and we suffered much in the late fall and early winter of 1862, from storm and cold, wet weather and plent.v of snow, 1 never saw a day that I regretted my enlistment. Company C was Biograpliical and Historical of Company C. 503 made up of a fine lot of boys and our officers were number one and notwithstanding the strenuous life of a soldier w^e had many happy occasions. Camp life was all right as a rule. Picket duty, building forts, midnight marches in mud and rain was hard, but seldom any of Company C complained. Captain Coburn was always on hand and was ever kind, and anxious for the welfare and happiness of his boys. We thought him the best captain in the line, and surely was a brave soldier and knew and per- formed his duties on all occasions as well as any. Captain Coburn, Lieutenants Robin- sou and Martin were as fine looking and appearing as could be found in our regiment. We were the company that carried the colors on all occasions and we believed we could guard and protect them better than any other comjjany in our regiment. 1 was detailed at Camp Fairfax Court House and sent out as special guard at the farm house of a Mr. Fox, said to be a Union man. I remained there six weeks and then joined my company in camp at Wolf Run Shoals. This duty of special guard was not to my liking for it was watching our boys to prevent any one taking any property that belonged to Mr. Fox. I suppose my experience in the Gettysburg campaign and our journey home to Vermont was similar to that of the other boys and I presume you have plenty of incidents of the battle by those who can tell of the final struggle far better than myself. I re-enlisted into Company M, First Regiment, Frontier Cavalry, January, 1864, and was discharged June 27, 1865. Nothing to mention in this last ser- vice only had a good time. The name of my wife is Addle P. Lewis, and we have one son, Ernest H. Lewis. WILLIAM HENRY LEWIS, 12 Adams St., Worcester, Mass. See page 172 for his pictures. His. ABRAHAM LEZER volunteered August 29, 1862, and joined the East Montpelier Company, commanded by Captain Lewis L. Coburn. His age was 44, an able bodied, strong, vigorous man, just the kind and make up to meet every requirement of army life during an active campaign, but the camping on cold wet ground in the open and marching in mud, snow and rain soon undermined his strong constitution and was sent to the hospital where he died March 16, 1S63. He was sent home by his comrades and was buried in the Catholic cemetery, Montpelier, Vermont His picture will be seen on \m^f 214. OLIVER LUCIER was born as it is said in the town of Berlin, Vermont, and volunteered in August, 1S62, at the age of 21; joined Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, and was mustered in and out of the United States service with his, the 13th Vermont Regiment. His age build, character and general make up well 'fitted him for a soldier, and he had courage, devotion and pride and with all was not afraid to meet the enemy in any spot, night or day. These requisites he had and therefore was a valiant soldier and fought well at every opportunity. It is said he died quite a number of years ago, but when and where cannot ascertain. HENRY H. MARTIN volunteered from the town of Bast Montpelier and counted on its quota, on the 29th of August, 1S62; joined Company C and served his full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863. His age at enlistment was 20, and of a prepossessing looking and ap- pearing j'oung man. Was a bright, active and well behaved young fellow as carried a gun in Company C. Was intelligent, generous and kind and on hand for duty at all times. He seemed to enjoy the life of the army and the duties of camp, march and picket which were cheerfully accepted and performed. N'ever found fault and responded when called. He was wounded in the battle of Gettysburg and on this field he exhibited those elements of character that helped to win honor and fame for himself and the nation. Turn to page 196 and you will see the pictures of a valiant soldier and fine looking and respectable Vermonter. The 13th Vermont Regimental Association are proud of all such. HENRY A. MILES was one of the enthusiastic volunteers from the town of Berlin. His age was 20 and joined Company C. He was of fair complexion, and rather of a jovial disposition, in fact a good looking young man. He was a good soldier on hand at all times for duty or fun. A raid outside the picket line was a delight and generally returned with some- thing found among the natives near by — bought of course with a promise to pay as soon as the paymaster came. He endured the hardships and enjoyed the pleasures of army life day and night as they came. He was wounded in the battle of Gettysbtirg July 3rd. 1863. was mustered out and with his regiment July 21, 1863. returned home 504 / lie 'I'liirti-cntli Regiment I'eniioiil I 'oliinteers and settled down to business. He died April 16, 1881, and was buried In the village Cemetery at Worcester, Vt. His picture will be found on page 180. LUCIUS D. NUTE enrolled from the town of Marshfield August 29, lSti2 and Joined East Montpelier Company commanded by Captain Lewis L. Coburn. He was an enthusiastic volunteer anxious to go to the seat of war and fight for the preservation of the Union. He was well equipped pliysically and mentally for the arduous duties of a soldier in ac- tive warfare. Had plenty of courage and had fully consecrated his life to the cause of defending old glory before lie enlisted. His associates from Marshfield, lierlin, East Montpelier, Worcester and Plainfield was a jolly brave set of men and boys that had volunteered because invited by old Abe as they called him, to come down to Wash- ington and defend his home, the capitol city of the nation and punish those who sought to destroy the mighty republic established by the patriots of 1776. Were happy to go under Colonel Francis V. Randall, who had shown himself a fearless and competent leader and fighter in the first battle of Bull Run. Our Comrade Nute was one of these and he made a fine record and returned home to Vermont thankful that he had ac- complished a little towards satisfying those gallant followers of General Lee that Vermonters were as bravo and fearless as any that had ever been born. See page 196 for the pictures of Comrade Nute. ALANSON NYE I was born in Plainfield, Vermont, April 27, 1840. My grandfather was Joseph Nye, who came to Plainfield from New Bedford, Mass. In Plainfield he was a man of some influence, representing the town in the state legislature for six years when rep- sentatives were chosen yearly. His sons were George, Gerry and Vinal, the latter being my father. My mother w-as Betsy Crocksford. who was of Scotch descent. I enlisted from East Montpelier August 18, 1862 in Company C, 13th Vermont Volun- teers, leaving the plough to take up arms; was discharged in July 18C3, coming back to the tilling of the soil, which occupation I have ever since followed.- I w-as married in North Montpelier to Maria J. Town, of Montpelier, February 18, 1869. I owned a farm in Plainfield which I sold, lived a year in East Montpelier, and in 1872 bought a, farm in Calais on which w^e resided for over thirty years, when I sold, and we moved to East Montpelier, where we now live. Of our comrades Francis F. Stoddard lives flear me. William Ormsbee died some years ago and lies buried in the Cutler cemetery in East Montpelier. He left a widow who has since married, and a daughter, now Mrs. Burt Witham. of Calais. Alexander Dingwall died in December. 1908 in East Mont- pelier Center, where his wufe, Mrs. R. D. Dingwall, and son. Cortez A., still reside. Their address is Montpelier, R. F. D. His daughter, Miss Inez B.. is employed in Mont- pelier. Mr. Dingwall is buried in the Cutler cemetery. I could fill a book with remini- scences of that year's experience as a soldier, and hardly know what to choose to relate in this brief attempt. When we reached Gettysburg battlefield, the Cavalry had fought over the ground and pressed on to Cemetery Hill. We were tired with our long march the last day of which had covered perhaps 20 miles. I was wounded in the leg but did not know it until I tried to move with my comrades, when I found myself unable to get along, and looking dow-n. saw my boot leg torn to pieces. Then I lay down behind the breastworks, we had hastily thrown up, and from there fired four rounds. Two generals rode up. and one of them asked me why I was not with my regiment, I replied. "I am wounded. General, but I mean to do what I can here. As the close of the hot day drew near I was terribly thirsty, and hobbled towards the old barn on the hill, improvised as a hospital, near which was a well. On the way I heard a strange, loud noise like nothing I never heard before or since. I dropped to the ground; it passed on as it seemed. I arose and sought the cause. I found a horse ■which a man was leading with its head shot off, and upon examination found the mlssle to be a piece of railroad track which had been fired from a cannon. It was embedded in the ground where it finally struck. I w^ent back and informed the Colonel who said. "If they're shooting railroad track, they're about out of ammunition, and will need a new supply to keep up the fight." While in the hospital I was able to help alleviate the sufferings of those who were more seriously wounded than myself, working certain hours, and when not thus employed, was able to go outside and look over the battlefield. Time and space will prevent me from writing more, but I have a mental store house where are many incidents interesting to myself of those war days and war comrades. I re-enlisted in the 17th but was thrown out by the exam- ining surgeon. ALANSON NYE. See page 182 for his pictures. Bioyrapliical and Historical of Company C. 505, HOSEA B. ORMSBEE enlisted August 29, 1862, from the town of East Montpelier, and joined Company C at the age ot 22, and was tlie older of two brothers in the same company. He seemly was a good soldier and on hand at all times for duty for was promoted to Corporal January 12. 1863. He served his term of enlistment and was mustered out July 21. 1863. He was a brave, dashing, courageous soldier and did himself proud in battle, flinching not a bit when facing General Pickett's charging thousands in the valley of Plum Run, Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. Any soldier, even if the hero of a hundred battles might have hesitated in the crisis of this charge when crossing bayonets. The scenes were awful and carnage great. But the Second Vermont Brigade led by General Stannard wa.s too much for General Pickett, destroyed his command, killing hundreds and cap- turing hundreds more. See page 206 for his picture. WILLIAM H. ORMSBEE volunteered from the town of East Montpelier and counted on the quota for that town August 29, 1862, and united with Company C. His age was 18. Though 4 years yoimger than his brother, Hosea, of the same company, was as brave and alert and ready for duty night or day as he and no doubt rendered acceptable service. He stood the test and returned home and was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863. The war was still raging and this young hero was eager to try again so volunteered in February, 1864, and in Company E, of the 17th Regiment, under his First Lieutenant George S. Robinson, now captain of Company E, was promoted to corporal for bravery in battle and in this regiment experienced many hardly contested battles, namely. Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House. North Anna. Totopotanioy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and Petersburg Mine, Weldon Railroad. Poplar Springs and Hutchins Run and against Petersburg April 2nd, just before General Lee's surrender. It was fight from the Wilderness May 5th, 1S64. to Petersburg. April 2, 1865. all the time. This regiment, the 17th, likely saw more desperate fighting from May, 1864, to April 2nd, 1865, than any other Vermont regiment in the same space of time. Comrade Ormsbee returned to his home with a record as good as any from Vermont. He died November 3rd, 1883 and, was buried in the Cutler cemetery. East Montpelier, Vt.. The picture of this gallant hero will be found on page 178. GEORGE E. PIERCE volunteered August 29, 1862, and counted on the quota of East Montpelier and joined Company C. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment at Brat- tleboro July 21, 1863. His age at enrollment was 25. He was a substantial citizen and a man of upright conduct. He was well born and taught the difference between right and wrong. He served his country as a duty, anxious to defend and preserve. Was a good soldier and acted well his part on all occasions made a good record and re- turned thankful that he had volunteered and joined Company C and the 13th Regiment. He died at Cady's Falls, Morristown, Vt., April 10, 1S96, and was buried at Elmore, Vt. A picture of him appears on page 214. SAMUEL PRATT was a volunteer from the town of Worcester and enrolled in Company C under Captain Lewis L. Coburn on the 29th of August, 1862. His age at this date was 31. Comrade Pratt, like nearly all from Worcester was a substantial citizen and keenly realized that it was a duty to respond for the army in order to put down the wicked rebellion. He was wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3, 1863, but not seriously. He was a good loyal soldier obedient and cautious at all times on hand and anxious to do his full duty. At the end of his term of enlistment was mustered out and returned home feel- ing he had shown his devotion and done his share in the suppression of the Rebellion. He resumed his occupation and place in society, taking at all times a lively Interest in the progress of the war. He died in Worcester, Vt., December 18, 1892, and buried In the cemetery at Elmore, Vt. His picture may be seen on page 182. CALVIN W. RICHARDSON I was born in the town of Vershire, Vermont on the 12th day of March, 1842. My father's name was John, and grandfather was one of the first settlers. Was brought up on a farm but did not like the business — required too much hard work to get a poor living. As a small boy attended school summer and winter and could read and write and cipher as far as the rule of three. As I grew up I rather go to school than work on the farm. My father said, "Work in the summer and go to school In the winter," so I did. I enlisted August 24, 1862, in Worcester, Vermont, at the age of 20- 50<) I lie 'ritirtcrnth Kctjiiiiciit rcniioiit I 'oliiiilccrs years and 5 months, and joined Company C. We elected Lewis L. Coburn captain and he was a good one. We comuionrcd diilliiiK after the company was organized and was at it most every day till we started for Urattleboro, Vermont, to be mustered into the United States army. We reached Brattleboro on the last day of September and was mnstered in on the 10th of October and started for Washington on the 11th. I was a high private in the rear ranlt and carried a knapsack and gun. We camped down on East Capitol Hill, Washington, U. C, a few days and were organized Into a brigade called the Second Vermont Brigade, composed of the 12th, i:Uh, 14th, 15th and 16th regiments. We had a few brigade drills and a grand review and then on the last day of October crossed the Potomac on Long Bridge into old Virginia to do duly on the front picket line. We passed a place on a hill called .\rIington Heights and some of the boys who were up in history said it was General Lee's old home. It was a fine looking mansion and in plain sight of Washington. We marched this first day some ten miles and stopped for the night and named the place Camp Seward. Remained here a day or two and then turned to the h-ft and marched through Alexandria just at night and little beyond (•am|)td down for the night on the low banks of a little creek. The day was hot and the roads dusty and our guns and knapsacks grew heavy long before night and we all were tired and hungry and glad o£ a chance to stop and rest for the night. The most important event of life happened just after I enlisted, namely: 1 was mar- ried September 13, just two weeks and one day after I enlisted. And on this occasion I enrolled for life, and promised to love and protect as long as I lived. The result of this happy marriage was five children, a boys and two girls. I made no mistake when I volunteered to defend my country nor when I enlisted for life in the holy bonds of matrimony. In the spring of 1863. while in that lovely camp on the banks of the Oc- coqiian there was every indication of a battle between General Hooker and Gen- eral Lee and rumor said that we should have orders to join General Hooker's Army of the Potomac now on the north bank of the Rappahannock on his way to caiiture Richmond. Many doubted this because our time of service was near the end and besides we had had no experience in fighting and General Hooker would not accept any raw troops when about to lock horns with General Lee. We then thought General Hooker was the best man and we had the largest and best equipped army and many of our boys were anxious to go, and it was only some 30 miles to Fredericksburg and we could make the march in a single day if nece.'^sary. I wanted to have one genuine fight before I returned home. Was not satisfied with the fight we had at Fairfax Court House when General J. E. B. Stuart attempted to capture us on that December night when Colonel Randall was down at Alexandria. We heard the cannonading at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville when Genera! Hooker started for Richmond but no orders came for us to go. We heard in a day or two that General Hooker and his mighty army had been badly whipped by General Lee and our army was obliged to retreat back to the north bank of the Rappahannock. In a few days the whole Potomac army was on the way north to overtake General Lee and his army, who had gone down the valley of the Shenandoah into Maryland on their way to cai)ture Wash- ington. Then we were sure that a great battle was at hand and our brigade would likely have part and share in it, and so we did. General Stannard was now our briga- dier General and w-e were willing to fight wherever he might lead. It turned out that the boys of Company C that reached Gettysburg had a good chance to fight to their full satisfaction. I know I did. The long march day a. 1S63. This volunteer was 35 years old at date of enlistment. His general appearance indicated a man of character and fairly well equipped for active service in time of war. He was on hand and cheer- fully answered every call for duty. He served his country well and never found fault. His courage was good and bravery sufficient for the business then on hand. He served out his term of enlistment and was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt.. July 21, 1863, and returned home to family and friends with duty discharged and a clean, valiant record attached to his name. He quickly resumed the vocation of life and lived happy for many years. Was exceedingly proud of his soldier life. He died March 2nd, 1898 and was buried in Northfield, Vt., where his brave Colonel, Francis V. Randall and many of his old comrades are at rest waiting for the bugle call to summon the brave to everlasting peace and joy. His picture will be found on page 216. Biographical a)id Historical of Coinpan\ C. 509 JOSEPH SIMMONS was a volunteer from the town of Marshtield and joined Company C on the 29th day of August, 1862. His age at enlistment was 40, was a rugged, sturdy son of the old Green Mountain State, full of fight tor the right, and for the Union, and was anxious to reach the seat of war to help defend the capitol of the nation and punish the Rebels for hellish conduct. He was eager for an opportunity to show his devotion for the life of the Union, and cause of freedom. He was a soldier for his country had called for help and duty said go. It was business that commanded his attention. The dis- solution of the Union was the price of anxious solicitude for its preservation, no matter how great the sacrifice. He had volunteered for a single purpose and could not be swerved from it by prospective hardship, prison pen or death on the battlefield; all had been anticipated and duly considered before he left home and family. Freedom and Country was hanging in the balance and unless loyal men responded to Abraham Lincoln's urgent call for 300,000 men, the glorious land that gave him birth would surely pass away forever. Comrade Simmons was alert on the battlefield and gave but little heed to shi'apnel shell or Rebel yell, but took deliberate and deadly aim at the ap- proaching heroes of General Pickett's command until mortally wounded. He died at Gettysburg July 4. and was buried in the national cemetery at Gettysburg. WILLIAM SLADE volunteered from Middlesex. Vt., September 10, 1862, and mustered into the United States service October 10. 1862. His age was 42, pretty old we younger boys thought for soldiering, but one in Company C older and but five in the regiment. Was one of the stalwart, substantial men of this company. He enlisted because called and was not able to answer his conviction in any other way. He was a good soldier and was in the army for one single purpose, to fight for the preservation of the Union. Was a man of character, never hesitating to do his full duty regardless of consequences. He was mustered out when his term of enlistment expired and returned home as clean and upright as when he enrolled. He died some years ago and is buried at Northfield. Vt. On page 184 will be found a picture of Comrade Slade. WILLARD C. SNOW volunteered from the town of East Montpelier and enrolled with Company C. His age was 22, rather slight in stature and not a vigorous looking young man, but was at all times able to perform duty and never grumbled when called on. He was re- served and quiet and inclined to rough or uncouth. Faithfully followed the wan- derings of his regiment during the fall and winter of 1862-1863, and was able to stand the long march from Occoquan to Gettysburg. This march and battle was the true test of every soldier in the 13th Regiment. On the battlefield was alert, cool and brave. Undaunted, he met General Pickett's veterans in the valley of Plum Run and won the praise of his captain and comrades. He was seriously wounded on the 3rd day of July and died from his wounds July 19, 1863. His body was returned to Vermont and was buried in the Cutler Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. He died In a glorious cause for a glorious country, and no man can die with more glory than he who dies on the field of battle for home, liberty, right and to perpetuate the just government of a magnanimous republic. Comrade Snow freely offered his young life on the altar of his country; gave up all he had and passed over and is now waiting for the survivors of his old comrades. The picture of this noble patriot may be seen on page 198. WILLIS P. STEWART at the age of 19 volunteered and joined Company C. Was a fine looking young man, and of a good family, and entered soldier life anxious to do his utmost to subdue the ■wicked rebellion and help defend his country. It almost seemed out of place to accept boys so young for the hardship, danger and awful realities of army life in times of active warfare. But in fact they made the very best of soldiers, perhaps because Vermonters and enured from early boyhood in the strenuous occupations of farming and lumbering. The young boys of C did their part on all occasions as well as the older one. He was from the town of Berlin where all men and women, boys and girls were pat- riotic and brave. No copper-heads born in Berlin. All were solicitous for the life of the Union. Our comrade was struck down with fever at Camp Carusi and removed Into a hospital at Alexandria, Va.. where he died and was buried in the national ceme- tery, Alexandria, Va. A picture of this young patriot taken shortly before his sickness ■will be found on page 194. jIO / /'(• 'I'hirtccnth h'n/iiiiciit I ' crtnont I ' uluntccrs FRANCIS F. STODDARD at the ago of 22 volunteered uutler I'le.sidiul Lincoln's call of August, 1SC2, for the 300,000 nine months' men and joined Kast Montpelier Company on the 29th of August, and at once took his place in line and commenced to drill. His education was princi- pally in the common schools of his native town. Was of the class of young men that enlisted, prompted only by the behest of duty. It was enough for this young patriot to know that his coimtry was being assailed by southern leaders that were bound to rule or ruin. He was tall, straight, active, robust and well fitted to endure all that might be recpiired of him as a soldier in active campaigning. His character was well founded and intrenched by early training and he did not depart from rules of propri<-ty and honesty though a soldier. His every duty was promptly discharged and the record he made was worthy of the state that gave him birth. Was mustered out with his regiment .luly 21. 1S63 and returned home proud that he had served his country in her darkest day and on the hills and in the valleys of Gettysburg helped to secure a signal victory that saved the life of the t'nion. .A fine sijecimen of Colonel Randall's Green Mountain Boys, developed into a manly man and if you would see him as a soldier and citizen look on a jiage of this book, about 21 n. ALBERT S. STOCKWELL volunteered from the town of Calais in August, 1862, and joined Company C. His age at this date was 30. He presented every appearance, as well equipped physically and mentally for a suitable man to engage in the arduous life of a soldier during active warfare. The medical board said he would answer and subsequent conduct in camp on the picket line and march and in battle fulfilled and made good every expectation. He was in fact equal for all that was required of him. His old comrades do not see or know much of him of late. ARTHUR W. TAYLOR volunteered from the town of Berlin in .Au;r\ist. isiij, at the age of- 19, and at once enrolled in Company C. It was claimed that Berlin was his native town. His educa- tion evidently had been confined to the district schools of his native town. He seemed to understand full well why and for what purpose he had volunteered and w-as ready to go to the front and do all in his power to defend the right and preserve the Union. He was a good, brave young man and discharged his soldier duties in a creditable manner. He served his full term and received an honorable discharge from the Gov- ernment and returned home thankful he had served his country when its life was in danger. FRANKLIN J. TAYLOR volunteered from the town of Worcester August, 1862, at the age of 19, joined Com- pany C, and was mustered into the army October 10, 1862, and started at once for the seat of war. He was young, robust, with a happy disposition and yet eager for the life of a soldier. His heart seemed to be on fire to fight for the Union. Had no ex- perience, but plenty of courage and patriotism. He was large and strong for a youth of his age. He fulfilled the expectations and did much good under all circumstances. At the expiration of his term of service received an honorable discharge and returned to his native state proud that he had been in battle in defence of the right and preser- vation of the Union. See page 200 for his pictures. FRANCIS F. TAYLOR was a volunteer from the town of Jliddlesex. Vt., at the tender age of IS. He counted on the quota of his native town and joined Company C. 13th Regiment. He was a smooth faced, bright looking young man, too young for such a hard and serious life. It almost seemed wicked to permit such to engage in the business of killing each other: but as a matter of history, the young men and boys made the very best soldiers and stood by the stars and stripes as valiantly as the best of them. Young Taylor was a born patriot, ready to fight with all his might and main for the land that gave him birth. It was indeed a pity that he was struck down with disease and had to die before his time. He died April 16, 1863, heart broken because deprived of the great duty of a genuine soldier to contend with the enemy in the struggle of battle. The nurse said his last words were of the dear ones he left at home. His picture can be seen on page 200. He died in Virginia. ALBERT C. TEMPLETON was one of the brave boys from the town of East Montpelier and volunteered in August, 1862, at the age as was claimed of 18, and joined Captain Lewis L. Coburn's BiiXjnif'liiial and llistoncal of Coiiipaiix C. 511 Company C. He was a bright boy with a happy disposition. Evidently had been care- fully instructed by loved ones around the fireside at home. By nature patriotic and enthusiastic, an.xious to take part in defending the right. He was quite a favorite and all were kind to him. So far as possible he discharged the duties assigned to him. He served out his term and received an honorable discharge. A picture of him will be found on page 206. JOHN S. TEMPLETON enrolled from the town of Worcester, and counted on its quota, and joined the East Montpelier Company, which was when organized Company C. Young Templeton at date of enlistment was called IS. but likely was younger. Was a twin brother of Albert C. Templeton, but one had volunteered from East Montpelier and the other from Worcester. According to the common course of events both were born in the same town, and yet it is possible one was born in Worcester and the other in East Montpelier. These towns join and the town line might have passed through the bed- room in the house where these rollicking young heroes were first brought to light. Stranger things have happened and therefore do not see in which or in both towns these boys were born, either could well afford to claim the honor. They were well born and of fruitful parents is self evident. Both were good soldiei's and reflected honor and fame on the state that gave him birth. .John S.'s picture will l)e found on page 202. Residence, Wahoo, Neb. CHARLES C. TEWKSBURY was born as he claimed in Calais, Vt., in 1S42; volunteered in August, 1862, and joined Company C. Was mustered into the United States service October 10, and started for the seat of war October 11, arriving at Washington, D. C, on the 13th. His age at date of enlistment was 20 and therefore born in 1842. Company C was the name given the company he joined. All these Calais recruits were good, raw material to make fighting soldiers out of and it is evident Charles C was one of the best for he was promoted to Corporal January 12, 1863. Was well liked by the officers as well as the privates. Was proud of his position, but always kind and courteous to all. Was on hand for duty and never shrank from it no matter how arduous or exacting. Was fully equal to his associates on the long, weary march and in battle. Any soldier that could face General Pickett's desperate charge was brave and heroic. Corporal Tewkesbury gallantly performed his duty throughout his term of enlistment. Was mustered out July 21, 1863, and retui-ned home proud of the record he made and thankful that he had responded when called. He remained home for a season and then volunteered and this time joined Company I, of the 11th Regiment, being en- rolled and mustered in August 30th, 1S64, and here he saw plenty of dangerous service, namely, Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek and Petersburg, but said nothing like the battle of Gettysburg. The war was now over and our valiant comrade was mustered out June 24, 186.5, and is now living in Worcester, Vt. May he live many years in this glorious and bapjjy land he so freely offered his life to save. His picture will be found on page 184. MARCUS F. TUCKER volunteered from the town of East Montpelier in August, 1862, and at once united with Company C. His age at this date was 19. He was fair looking, rather slim, and hardy, robust and rugged enough for a soldier in active warfare. Was enthusiastic and anxious to join the army and take part in the pending confiict to save and preserve the Union. His education was quite limited though perhaps as good as his associates that had no chance only in the old district schools in his native town. He was apt and readily acquired sufficient knowledge of military duties to enable him to fulfil all requirements made on him. Though cheerful and ready for fun or duty, was not boisterous, profane or untidy. Evidently had been carefully brought up. Was a nice young man and a good, brave soldier. Served his term and was mustered out July 21, 1863. Since the Civil War has resided in Washington County, and is a respected citizen. His pictures taken in 1S62 and 1S72 will be found on page 178. HENRY W. WAKEFIELD volunteered from the town of East Montpelier in jiugust, 1862, and enrolled with Company C. His age on this date was 20. Was one of the three brothers in this com- pany. Henry, like his older brothers, was well disposed, and of the same suitable, raw material out of which the very best of fighting soldiers was quickly and easily trans- formed into. Christopher and William H. were first class fifers, but Henry pre- ferred to carry a gun and did so, and soon was one of the best shots in the regiment. Henry was a quiet young man, apparently well brought up, and surrounded by good in- 51-2 I III- Thirteenth Kc(/iinc)it I'crmoit Idluntccrs fluences at home and in the society where he lived. A genial dlsiwsition, kind hearted, respectful and obedient. Was loyal to his comrades and cheerfully divided with them when short of rations or scrip. Physically and mentally he was well equipped for the business of soldiering and was just as well satisfied when on the march as in camp waiting for orders to move. He ever responded to duty when called and fulfilled all expectatiiuis. Was mustered out with his regiment July lil. 1803, and returned to his home with a clean record and proud of having served his country when in need. Comrade Wakefield volunteered again in September, 18C3, very soon after his first discharge and joined Company E, 17th Regiment. Was taken prisoner at Petersburg Mine, September 30, 1861, and died in prison at Richmond, Va., February 20, 1865. It is supposed his remains were interred in some of the cemeteries near Richmond but no authentic Information was ever received. Thousands who died in Southern prisons ar<> still as to place of buriel unaccounted for. See page 180 for this valiant hero. FELIX VALLEY voluntered from the town of Plainfield, Vt., in August, 18t)2, at the age of 23, and Joined Company C. Mustered in and out with his company and regiment and was given an honoralile dischai'Ke. Me w.'is a vigorous, liealtliy youun man, well (lualilied for a soldier and only required training to fit him to be one of the best. None in Company C donned the blue with more pleasure and greater pride than Comrade Valley. Was fearless and bold, and the march, picket, or any other duty was accepted as a matter of course and he was on hand when called. He was an active, hustling, useful soldier Was obedient, obliging, kind and generous. His tentmates had food and money as long as it lasted. His comrades remember him because of his tidy looks and cheerful disposition. He returned home but the war was not over and he again volunteeved and this time into Company I, 17th Vermont Volunteers. Was mustered in July 6, 1864; joined his regiment in front of Petersburg, Va., and in a few days was sent Into the Petersburg Mine assault where he was taken a prisoner with a few others that escaped death in this awful blunder and carried to Salisbury, N. C, where he died December 1, 1864, and was interred in the National Cemetery in that place. What a pity that so many lost their lives by uncalled for and useless mistakes, and then in addition to capture think of the horrors of the prison pen at Salisbury. We can forgive, but to forget, never. See page 214 for the picture of this hero who died not in battle but far from home and friends, literally starved to death and scarcely any clothing to protect him from the cold blasts of Decemlier in that open prison pen of Salisbury. N. C. AMOS A. WHITING son of Joseph and Susan (Jennings) Whiting, was born at Calais, Vt., June 24, 1845. I was married in Calais, Vt., the 3rd day of August, 1868, to Cora L. Ide, of Calais, born January 14. 1851. Died June 30, 1899. We were blessed with four children. Ella L., George J., Alice E., and Bernie H. Whiting. George died May 10. 1889, and Ella L. died February 19, 1896. Alice and Bernie reside in Burlington, Vt. My father was born in Nottingham, N. H., April 1. 1802, and one of the first settlers of the town of Wood- bury, Vt., going to Hardwick, Vt., by marked trees for his groceries, and I enlisted in Calais the 24th of August, 1862, in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, Captain Lewis Coburn. After my term of service expired I enlisted in Company I, 11th Vermont Regiment, and served till the close of the war. Have lived in Calais and W^olcott most of the time since my discharge. Farming has been my occupation. When in camp at Alexandria, Va., a corporal and four privates were detailed as orderlies at head- quarters. General Stoughton was in command of the brigade. We soon moved to Fairfax Court House. The general and staff established their headquarters at a brick house owned by Dr. Gunnell. T was told by an old negro who had always lived with the Doctor, and was quite well informed, that at the first battle of Bull Run a Miss Ford acted as aide-de-camp on J. E. B. Stuart's staff, with the rank of major and pay. I well remember the night Stoughton was captured, it w-as the 9th of March, .^bout half past two in the morning when I was aroused by a troop of cavalry gallop- ing by should say 25 or 30, I looked toward the telegraph operator's tent, which was a few rods below on the other side of the street. The flap of the tent was thrown back and a gun set against it. It appears that Mosby first went to Stoughton's house, gave the guard the countersign, which was "Abercromby." Then went to his room and took Prentiss. Stoughton and his orderly. Colonel Asa P. Blunt of the 12th took command of the Brigade with headquarters at Fairfax Station. About the 1st of May the 12th Vermont was ordered to Warrentown Junction. A part of the regiment stO[iped at Catlefs Station and the rest three miles l)eyond Warrentown Junction. Mosby struck a detachment of DeForesfs cavalry brigade consisting of ISO men of the 1st 'Virginia Loyal Cavalry. I was sent down to the 12th with orders from head- quarters. The train arrived there a short time after the fight and the wounded men of Mosby's command lay on the grass around a house. The man that guided Mosby In there wore a black suit and fine shirt. He was shot through the heart; close by him Biograpliical and Historical of Company C. 513 lay a young lad not more than 16 mortally wounded; he begged to see his mother and sister, but with almost his last breath he cursed the Yankees. If I remember right there were 20 wounded ones lying around the house. They were the first wounded men 1 had seen and I wished I was at home for they seemed to be very careless with fire- arms. It was my misfortune to be on the train the 30th of May, a supply train loaded with forage for the cavalry at Rappahannock Station at or near Catlet's Station. Mosby derailed the train; a young lad, I do not remember his name, had a supply of sutler's goods to sell the boys. We both jumped at the same time, but he broke his leg but crawled into the bushes and escaped being captured. He said they ate and took away all of his supplies, but forgot to pay him. Mosby destroyed the train, but was closely followed by the 1st Vermont Cavalry and 5th New York and the howitzer was captured. It was just right for a fourth of July celebration. Many of Company C have gone over the river. They sleep beneath the shadows of the clouds, careless alike of the sunshine or storm, each in the windowless palace of rest. A. A. WHITING. ORSON WOODCOCK son of Peter and Eliza Woodcock, was born in Danville, Vermont, January 5th, 1833. My father was born in Marshfield and my grandfather, Ebenezer Woodcock, was also an inhabitant of Marshfield. I was married to Ruth Austin, of Marshfield in 1857, and one child was born to us, a boy, who died at the age of three years. For the past thirty-seven years we have lived in Randolph, which is my post-office address. I am now 72 years of age and my wife is 65. I enlisted August 25th, 1862, from Marshfield, Vermont, and served in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, being discharged July 21st, 1863. Occupation at enlistment and for the past 50 years a carpenter and builder. Being a carpenter I was detailed to go to Brattleboro to help build barracks for the soldiers, then was sent back to my regiment, and went to Washington, where I was again detailed to work on hospitals part of the time and for the rest did camp and picket duty. I was on guard duty at East Capitol Hill a very rainy and windy night; the rain did not come down from the sky, but came sideways so I had my boots full of water in a short time. That night I caught a severe cold and at the time of the so called Randall's raid. I could not find the surgeon to get excused so I followed the regiment to Union Mills. I could not march the next morning and was taken to the hospital and when I was better I was detailed to work in the hospital and stayed with them until mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863. I well remember when 20 of our horses were captured by Mosby's men, when we were on our way to Fairfax Station for supplies, leaving us without horses; we went down in Prince Williams county the next day and took 42 horses from the plows and harrows of the rebels. This giving us a goodly number I had one to ride to Mount Vernon. I was connected with the hospital nearly all the time until discharged. Though not in any battle I am sure I saw and experienced the saddest part of army life. Many were sick, re- quiring constant care and many died. ORSON WOODCOCK. WILLIAM W. WILLEY volunteered from the town of Berlin in August, 1862, and joined Company C, at the age of 45. He was too old, but a vigorous appearing man and stood the test of march, camping out doors, and picket line as well as younger men. Was a reliable, civil and a good substantial citizen at enlistment. He found no fault and fell into line promptly when called. Served out his term and received an honorable discharge July 21, 1863. His record was good and no fault to he found in any place. Was brave and cool, and not afraid to face death in a charge. The war was not over and Comrade Willey volunteered again and this time into Company H, 11th Vermont Regiment in January, 1864, and counted this time on the quota of Marshfield. He had an opportunity to see plenty of fighting while in the 11th, and it is presumed he did. Was not in the 11th, BO cannot say If present in the battles of Cedar Creek and Petersburg. He was mustered out at the close of the war and returned home and settled down and re- sumed business as before. He died at Montpelier, Vt., September 15, 1880, and Is interred in the cemetery at Northfleld, Vt. A picture will be seen of him on page 208. EDWIN L. WRIGHT volunteered from the town of Middlesex, Vermont, and counted on its quota. Enrolled in Company C, in August, 1862, at the age of 27. He had duly considered the subject since the firing on Fort Sumter and keenly felt it a personal duty to join the army, and as soon as President Lincoln made his urgent call of August 4th for 300,000 men for nine months, hesitated no longer, made as far as he could all arrangements to provide for the future in case he did not return. The second Bull Run battle had been fought and General Lee had invaded Maryland on his way to capture Washington. There was occasion for serious apprehension and President Lincoln and his cabinet 514 '■"''' I'liii'ti'i'iitli Nrijiiiii-iit I'riiiioiil roluiitrcrs were doing their utmost to summon troops to Washington to defend the Capitol City from capture. It was thought 300. 000 with those in the field woiild suddenly subdue the rebellious enemy and enforce peace. I'nder this call five Vermont regiments were quickly enrolled and eiiuipped and sent to Washington. The 13th Regiment was one and within GO days was recruited and on the outer picket line near Bull Run battlefield doing picket duty as full fledged soldiers. Enlistment at this time was slow for the war cloud hung over the land dark and forboding. Thousands had been slain in battle and thousands had succumlied to disease. Only the brave came forward under this call and hence the 12th, ]3th, 14th, l,^th and 16th regiments were made up from the best material in Vermont. Comrade Wright realized the situation, left home and family that he might aid in the suppression of rebellion and save the Union. He was of the type that was ready to fight for the right. He was in deed a faithful and valiant soldier and acquitted himself with much credit, received an honorable discharge and returned to his home very iiro\id of the fact that he had assisted in defending home and country. Comrade Wright moved West and died at Anamoose, North Dakota, June 7, 1901. Look on page ISO for the pictures of Comrade Wright. HARPER A. DENMAN volunteered from the town of Watt-rbury, Vt., in August, 1862, and joined Company I. But for some reason do not recall what, was on the next day after muster into the United States service, transferred from Company I to Company C. We of Company C knew nothing of him prior to muster in and it would have been better if Comrade William W. Holden. historian of Company 1, should have written of this comrade. He was at time of enrollment 42 and in fact too old for the business we were then about to engage in. Company I had more than its full complement in its ranks and likely this circumstance led to the transfer of Comrade Denman to Company C. Cannot say where born or comment on his early life or education. We of Company C cordially extended the hand of fellowship and gave an aged comrade a place among us. and endeavored to make matters pleasant and homelike. Comrade Denman was entitled to our respect because of age and his anxiety to take part in the pending conflict. He was a faithful soldier and performed his several duties acceptably and had an intelligent comprehension of the reasons that precipitated the war. Was patriotic in devotion to maintenance of the Union. Never faltered in face of danger or duty of any kind. Served his full term and was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1S63, and given an honorable discharge and returned home proud that he had had an opportunity to serve his country when assailed by a wicked force within. Of his career since the war I have no definite information. Has been dead for some years. CALVIN NOURSE was one of the stalwart young men of the town of Calais and volunteered about August 29, 1862, and joined East Montpelier Company on the day of its organization. His age was at this time 27, a suitable time in life to engage in any strenuous calling or vocation. He enjoyed good health, rugged nature, an even temper, generous dis- position and a liberal supply of inborn common sense. He was not changeable like the wind, but on all questions of right and wrong his views were as fixed as the hills of his native town. Was not opinionated and called no man a fool because he did not agree with him even on the all important questions of the impending conflict between the North and South. From youth he had been taught to revere the Constitu- tion and the inalienable rights it conferred, and because of the attempt of certain Southern leaders to overthrow the government and destroy the Union felt impelled to volunteer and fight for its preservation. Comrade Nourse took up the work and busi- ness of soldier life with energj- and determination to fit himself as well and quickly as possible, the better to be ready to meet the enemy in the crisis of battle' realizing that death was the awful price of the battlefield. He was a good soldier and yet loved peace and hated war. Would not be swerved from the path of right and duty, but with his life would defend the principles secured by the constitution. These views induced our brave comrade to enlist, and made him a valuable and valiant soldier. He was always on hand and ready and acquitted himself like a true man and patriot. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment and resumed the pursuits of civil life until his death. May 10, 1894, and is buried in the cemetery at Kent's Corners, Calais. May we never forget our brave comrade who gave up all to fight for the union. He fought not for glory, wealth, or renown, but only for the preserva- tion of the glorio\is Reimblic. SEROT. IlKNIiV 0. CLARK, icstiT. Yt. K.-ist (»r;iiitri'. X. J. Ilistoriiius of Coiupauy D. 13tli N't. \'iils. SEKGT. .TOIIX H. LYOX ( Biographical and Historical CO. D Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated to the loving memory of our brave hero, William March, slain in the battle of Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. Biogyaphical and Historical of Company D. 519 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY D. WHEN the call of Abraham Lincoln came August 4th, 1S62 for 3UU,U00 men to serve tor nine months to fill the depleted ranks of the Union army, our state pro- posed to send a brigade of five full regiments. Immediately following the proclamation of the Governor, the towns of Colchester and Milton called town meet- ings, and appointed recruiting officers. These in two weeks enlisted forty-seven men in Colchester and thirty-seven in Milton. The recruits assembled at the village of Winooski in Colchester, elected officers and became Company D of the I3th Vt. Regiment. The Company was filled by the addition of ten men from Essex. Richmond. South Hero and Bolton. William D. Munson, of Colchester, was unanimously elected captain. He was twenty-nine years of age; a man of charming personality and a graduate of Norwich Military Insti- tute, consequently familiar with military tactics and regulations. The rest of the company, with two exceptions, were entirely ignorant of military drill, discipline or usages. Milton, having thirty-seven recruits, was considered as entitled to the second commission. On recommendation of the Milton boys, and in opposition to his wish, George Bascom was elected first lieutenant. He was thirty-one years of age, having been for some years a merchant at Milton he had had an opportunity to study human nature, which as a commander of a company of boys was a great advantage. While ignorant of everything military, he was quick to learn and far seeing to decide for the best interests of the company. He possessed sound common sense and grew in popularity as he became better known. Later as captain of the company he was a valued officer and on our discharge no one was more beloved by his men or respected by the regiment at large. John M. Rolfe, of Colchester, was elected second lieutenant. He like the rest was devoid of military training, but like all was quick to learn, and by his unfailing good nature became a popular member of the company. Those comprising Company D were mostly of Vermont birth and came mainly from the farm, though the professions of law and medicine were represented, as also the various trades. They averaged less than twenty-two years of age, ana they enlisted entirely from patriotic impulses. Promise of a large bounty, preferment in rank, or fear of a draft did not enter into the matter in the least degree. Young, resolute, fearless, in perfect health and filled with patriotic ardor, they entered the army with a fixed resolution to do their full duty under any and all circumstances, and this resolve remained with them till their discharge. After the formation of the Company it was quartered at Winooski awaiting orders. The days were passed in drill and instruction, and most of the nights in visits to their friends and newly formed acquaintances in the village and vicinity. When ordered to the State Camp at Brattleboro, the Company was in better condition as to drill, and the first lessons in soldierly conduct than probably any other of the regiment. The tew days there were spent in equipping in blue, obtaining the necessary arms and in battalion drill. October 10th the Regiment was sworn into the service of the United States and on the following day started for the front. Of its reception in Jersey City, Philadelphia and Washington, the regimental history will tell. Company D passed through the vicissitudes and privations common to the service, and which were endured with that cheerfulness which comes from the knowledge that such were to be expected in a soldier's life. Many amusing incidents, and some pathetic ones occurred, which can be said of all the companies. Company D did neither more nor less than others of the regiment. It was always ready when called and it was well understood by the officers commanding the regiment that it could be depended on in an emergency. The social life of the company was one of its best features. It was as one family. The interests of one was the interest of all. Dissensions and quarrels were unknown. Each helped his comrade and many friendships were formed that have endured to the present day, becoming stronger as the years pass away. To make Individual mention, when all were good, would seem improper. While there was more or less of sickness caused by change of form of living, exposure, etc.. the health of the company was uniformly good. AVhile it was not considered that the men were In better physical condition than those of the other companies, they were certainly more fortunate. The regiment lost by death, from disease, during time of enlistment, fifty-three men. Of these, one was from Company D. From the regiment there were discharged for disability seventy-three men. Of these five were from Company D, showing the loss from this Company to have been less than from any of the other nine companies. 520 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers After the Gettysburg Campaign the regiment returned to Brattleboro and were mustered out July 21st, 1863. Company D returned the following day to Wlnooski, from whence they had gone, and were there met by the entire population escorted to the church, in the basement of which they were presented with a hearty welcome and a bountiful supper. Whether those assembled to meet them were more glad than those returning home from the campaign, would be difficult to determine. The day following, the members of the company returned to their homes. Of the survivors at this writing, forty-two, more than one-half remain citizens of Vermont. The balance are living in thirteen of the United States they helped to preserve. In nearly every individual case the survivors of Company D are prominent and respected citizens In the community in which they reside. Serot. Hbsby O. Clabk. GEORGE BASCOM. was bom in Milton, Vt., November 19. 1S3U. and was the only son of Lewis and Caroline Washburn Bascom. He was educated in the common schools finishing with a course at Fairfax Academy. His life was spent in Milton, excepting only the term of service in the 13th Vt. Regiment. In 1S62 he was engaged in the mercantile business at Milton Falls. At the call of President Lincoln for more men in July 1862, he was one of the first in the town to enlist. In the formation of the company some of those that knew him suggested to him that he take the office of lieutenant. To this he objected, claiming that he had no knowledge of military life or tactics whatever — and there were others who had some experience in the 1st regiment. His friends per- sisted, claiming that while he might be then ignorant of the requirements, he could learn, that he was older than many of the boys, and that he was possessed of cool, sound judgment, a qualification that might be of the first importance. He finally acquiesced and was elected first lieutenant, and. commanding the company during most of its time, fully justified all that had been claimed for him. Courteous to all, careful of his men. and to see that they were provided for. firm in discipline, and rigid in the full execution of his duty, he received and had the affection, and the respect, not only of his company, but of the whole regiment. He was promoted captain of company D In 1863. No better officer, or more perfect gentleman in the 13th Vt. than Captain George Bascom. After the discharge of the regiment he returned to Milton and resumed the busi- ness he had previously been engaged in. He married in 1S6.T Clara E. Clark, of Milton, and died February 17. 1874. leaving a widow but no children surviving. H. O. C. JOHN HOVEY LYON the subject of our sketch, was born In Colchester. Vt.. April 4th. 1840. His father was one of the substantial farmers of the town, and his boyhood days were spent, as were those of a majority of the members of the regiment, on the farm, where he fulfilled all the duties incumbent on the boy of that period, interspersed with the pleasures that belong to that favored class. He received a common school and academical edu- cation, and when the call came for 300.000 more soldiers, among the first to enlist with those, that later, were formed into company D. He was appointed corporal which place he filled so satisfactorily not only to his superior officers, but to his com- rades, that when a vacancy occurred he was promoted to be a sergeant and. as such, served till the regiment was discharged at the expiration of its term of service. Quiet and unassuming, but always willing and cheerful, he was one of the most popular men in the company and one of those who are more liked as they are better known. After his discharge he returned to his home, and December 9th. 1S63, was married to May A. Day, sister of his friend and tentmate, Mark Day, of company D. She died May 14th. 1877, leaving three children, only one of whom now survives. Some years later he married Clara E. Bliss, of Colchester, who with their three children now com- prise the happy family circle. Three years ago he sold the farm where he had lived so many years and removed to the village where within two miles of his birthplace he now resides a respected and honored citizen. In 1S92. soon after the organization of the 13th Vt Regiment Association he was elected its secretary and every years since to 1906, he has been unanimously re-elected to that responsible position. His work in this connection has been arduous and untiring and to him especially, and more than to any other member, is due to-day. the standing of the Association as the best in the state. Two years ago he was elected assistant judge of the Chittenden county court, which position he now fills with honor, to the state and to himself. In all places and at all times his integrity, honesty of purpose, and loyalty to his friends, his state and his country, has never been questioned. The writer of this sketch, having known Judge Lyon as schoolmate, comrade and Intimate friend for a period extending over fifty years, may truly be said to know the "facts whereof he writes." H. O. C. Biographical and Historical of Company D. 521 SERGT. HENRY 0. CLARK. Sergeant of Company D. only son of Orville M. and Martha (Pullam) Clark, was born In Milton, Vt., 1844. He was educated in the common schools of his native town, and in the academies of Swanton and Georgia, Vermont, He graduated in the Commercial College at Buffalo, New York, In 1861 he was a clerk in a store in Chicago. When President Lincoln called for more men in 1862, he gave up his clerkship and returned to Milton, Vermont. There, at a town meeting, he was appointed a recruiting officer, and enlisted a part of Company D, 13th Vermont Regiment. Upon the organization of the company, he was made a sergeant, and served as such until the regiment was mustered out. During the winter of 1862-3, the regiment was picketing the outer defences of Washington, on the line of the Occoquan river and its chief tributary. Mosby's guerillas had become very troublesome tliere; many of them resided in the vicinity and knew certain fords on the river, and all the by-ways beyond it, of which we were ignorant. The inhabitants were disloyal. Rebel guerillas could make their way through, and operate within our lines without our knowledge. It they were confronted or pursued by a superior force, they would evade it and scatter like young partridges, disappearing as if by magic, hidden in the homes of the disloyal inhabitants. The Second Vermont Brigade. Wyndham's Cavalry and other Union troops were kept out of winter quarters, and were on the qui vive during the entire winter, watching Mosby and his freebooters. Notwithstanding our utmost vigilance, they captured our Brig. Gen. Stoughton, who was twelve miles distant from us at the time, but within our lines, at the headquarters of Wyndham's Cavalry whose commander they were seeking to capture, when they got General Stoughton. They also stealthily captured our regimental teams, when on their way for supplies, within our lines. Under the military system then in vogue, the utmost sagacity and vigilance of the Union forces could not prevent their successful raids. Our government accorded the homes of these disloyal inhabitants during war the same rights that are guaranteed to every home within its boundaries in times of peace. The next year all this was changed. This section of Virginia was embraced in General Sheridan's Military Department. Martial Law governed. Every house was searched and every male inhabitant capable of bearing arms was arrested and treated as a prisoner of war. All forage on which guerillas could subsist their horses, was captured or burned, and Mosby's occupation was gone. Under the mistaken policy of the Government during our term of service in Vir- ginia, we were struggling with the impossible; but we did the best we could. Early in the spring of 1863. Colonel Randall appointed Sergeant Clark to command a party of scouts, carefully chosen from among those deemed best fitted to perform that duty, and sent them to operate within Confederate territory beyond the Occoquan River. They were ordered to report to him twice a week anytliing they saw or heard in respect to the enemy or his operations. Several of these scouts were soon captured, and Sergeant Clark's command was reduced to two — himself and one other — who had become a neces- sity to the natives by keeping their clocks in repair. When the spring campaign opened, Mosby and his guerillas were called to operate on other fields, and all that remained of the native population were old men, women and children. Sergeant Clark and his scout now enjoyed a greater measure of peace and safety. Mars had yielded the field to Venus. The scouts had acquired horses and spent their time in visiting among the natives and having a general good time beyond our linew. They organized riding parties, in the enjoyment of which the old men and children are not supposed to have participated; but they kept a keen eye out for anything suggesting danger to them- selves or their country, and the survival of these two boys, under conditions that had overwhelmed their comrades, demonstrated that they had keen eyes. M'hen the Regiment was ordered to change camps from Wolf Run Shoals to Occo- quan, Va., Sergeant Clark was notified. His tent, like all others, housed an accumula- tion of articles calculated to increase the civilizing comforts of life. He disliked either to abandon these or to carry them the required distance. Both camps were on the Occoquan River, and he conceived the idea of transporting them by water. He easily obtained tlie consent of his military superiors to his project, for no officer or soldier in his regiment had ever been known to refuse Sergeant Clark anything he wanted, within (or beyond) the bounds of reason. He now commenced the study of navigation. He had no boat and could neither buy, beg, borrow or capture one; tlierefore. he had to build one. He selected men for a crew who knew something of woodcraft, and could use an axe. He transformed them into ship carpenters, and his transport was soon completed. Her bottom was lier only deck, there were no cabins. Her architect never designed her as a home for luxurious indulgence. When liis regiment broke camp, his household divinities and those of his men, were put on board, and his transport started down the river, manned by Sergeant (now I Commander Clark and his crew. It was their maiden effort in navigation. They knew nothing whatever of the river below them — of its tortuous, treacherous channels, its rocks, shoals, whirlpools, cataracts, or falls, or whether they would encounter Confederates along its south bank; but they were as cheerful and reckless a lot of young dare-devils as ever sailed. 522 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont I'oluntecrs After a time these navigators disiovcn-d cavalrymen on a i)roniontory on the south bank. Confederates were often disguised in our uniforms; and when the boat neared that head-land, the troojiers ordered her crew to conic ashore. This order was not complied with. t)ut the "sailors" "talked off", and alleged one pretext and another, until the curi-ent carried them wiOl under the i)rojccting rocks of the shore; then they told the cavalrymen to go to a place more celebrated for heat than comfort. The current bore them along past the ledge where it veered to the south and nearly landed them upon the bank where the troopers stood with loaded carbines, cocked, aimed, and ready to fire; and they had to land. Their captors proved to be a picket of Union Cavalry, to whom satisfactory explanations were soon made, and our skipi)er8 were allowed to resume their voyage. Further on. the distant sound of falling waters broke upon their ears, and caused them to deliberate. None of them linew whether the river fell, there, ten or forty feet; they could only guess from its roar. The Commander and a minority of his crew projiosed to sail straight on and take the chances. The majority were exceedingly anxious to land above the falls. They said that, judging from the uproar ahead, there must be rapids and falls on which they would come to grief and lose their guns, baggage, boat and perhaps their lives. They proposed to land and unload the boat above the falls, and promised to carry the cargo over the hills to a point below, where the Commander and the only one of his crew who endorsed his views on navigation could go ahead with the boat and wait for them. The boat was accordingly put ashore and relieved of a majority of her crew and most of her cargo. During her voyage hitherto she had often been strained near to the breaking point, and her condition as now revealed made it plain to her occupants that she had not been modelled after the design of Russian Ice Break- ers, for service in Northern seas; but her Commander and his etiually reckless mate, seated in her stern, pushed her into the current, and started down the river. The swift flowing waters carried them quickly around a curve and into the rapids. There they lost control of their craft. They saw before them a perpendicular fall of about ten feet over a natural rock dam. They confronted the inevitable! But these daring spirits neither feared their fate nor attempted to raise any question with the inevitable. Each tried to keep the boat straight ahead, as they sped down the rapids, intending to take the fall "head on." But fortune, that is said to favor the brave, (and sometimes the reckless) averted the catasrophe that such sailing would have invoked. Just on the verge of the fall the boat hit a rock, swung half around, and went over, broad-side on, and right side up. Filled with water, she was swept down the rapids below-. Having taken that "drop"? our navigators made no further efforts to save their vessel. Such efforts would have been vain. Shipwreck was inevitable and imminent I As if a Virginian Sesesh River-God. angered because an unchristened Yankee Craft had "in- vaded the sacred" waters of the Occoquan. determined to end her voyage, had seized the helm, and after steering her safely past a dozen boulders in as many rods, ran her upon a rock "head on." and like Oliver Wendell Holmes' "One Boss Shay." she went to pieces in a second. The wreck, in many fragments, the Commander and his mate, went down the river separately. About twenty rods below the place where they had so suddenly and unceremoniously parted company with their boat, they managed to reach the shore. They were decorated with many contusions and wet to the skin. Except for these trifles their recent immersion seemed not to have affected them "spiritually" or otherwise, or even to have dampened their cheerfulness. They felicitat- ed themselves upon having water-proof match boxes, and were able to start a fire. Before the arrival of their over-burdened comrades, they had dried their clothes, and were ready tor any further adventure that might offer. Night coming on. they cooked a hearty supper to which they did full justice. They discussed their adventures of the day around their camp fire and finally, without posting any guard or taking the least precaution against surprise or danger, these fearless boys stretched themselves on the ground near their fire, in plain view of the Secessionist on the ojiposite bank, and slept as soundly and with as little concern for their personal safety as they could have done in the cosey and comfortable bed-rooms of their paternal homes in Vermont. After breakfast next morning they went back from the river to the road over which their regiment had marched, and found it making camp about a mile below. Several of their comrades went with them to the river and helped to bring in their baggage. They had. at least, succeeded in changing camps without heavy march- ing, carrying, or abandoning their baggage. And. from their view point, they had en- joyed a good time. Comrade E. O. Johnson who died in Colchester in the fall of 1902 was (except Colonel Clark I the last survivor of this boating party. Commander Clark's argonauts were disbanded, and he resumed the pleasures and perils of scouting beyond the lines. He continued to perform this service until his regiment started on its Gettysburg campaign, when he returned to duty with his Com- pany, participated with it in the battle of Gettysburg, and the hardships and sufferings incident to that series of desperate forced marches by which the 13th Vermont Regi- ment reached that battlefield. Biographical and Historical of Company D. 523 There is elsewhere recorded, in this history, an account of the valuable and humane services Sergeant Clark rendered a disabled comrade on his journey from Baltimore, Md., to Brattleboro. Vt., where the 13th Vermont Regiment was mustered out. In the fall of 1S64 he went to New Orleans, and was for two years employed by a firm of wholesale grocers and cotton factors of that city. He then returned to Ver- mont and engaged in merchandising in Milton as a member of the firm of Ladd & Clark. He sold out his business in Milton in 1871; went to New York and became a member of the Importing House of Davis, Clark & Co., where he prosecuted a success- ful business until 1S86, when he retired. In 1878, at Jlilton, Vt., he was married to Miss Kate Clark Rixford, with whom and three daughters he is now living at East Orange, N. J. His loyalty to Vermont lias been as unvarying as her mountains. She has been the Mecca of all his pilgrimages. He has large property interests in the State, and always maintains a home in his native town. There is no more enthusiastic or devoted member among the survivors of the 13th Vermont Regiment than Colonel Henry O. Clark. He was president of the Regimental Association and of the Committee and of the sub-committee on Regimental Monument, the erection of which was largely due to his exhaustless energy and intelligent and persistent efforts and liberality, ably seconded by his co-workers on the subcommittee. He is a member of Lafayette Post, G. A. R., New York, and has held various positions in the G. A. R. and is now president of the Association of the 1st Army Corps. Two facts in this sketch must have attracted the attention of the most casual reader. No consent to navigate the Occoquan River was given to any other, and no general consent could have been given without in- volving results that no regimental commander could have sanctioned. Ergo, Sergeant Clark was a favorite with his military associates. Scouts wear their uniforms and are not disguised; but, except one other whose skill had made him a necessity to the natives, Sergeant Clark was the only one they tolerated. He was therefore a favorite also with Virginians. I shall attempt no analysis of this record, or comment further upon it. But, It I were to picture my own ideal of the best type of a Green Mountain Boy nearing his majority, I would present a healthy, vigorous, strong limbed, broad shouldered, full chested, strong spined, broad headed, rosy cheeked, stalwart, athletic specimen; clear eyed, patriotic, intelligent, honest, fearless, active and brave; endowed with fortitude, courage, invention, enterprise and strong common sense. A pessimist seems like one, who having a choice between two evils, takes them both. My Green Mountain Boy is no pessimist. He is cheerful, hopeful, confident, and always expects that good will come. If ill comes instead he makes the best of it. His politeness does not consist in the adoption of certain set rules and ceremonial forms; it wells up from the basis of all true politeness-natui'al goodness of heart. It is a pleasure to him to be kind and helpful to others. By the most eminent authority, therefore, he never lacks friends — "he shows himself friendly". Every survivor of the 13th Vermont Regiment will easily recognize one of the originals of this picture. It is for the general reader to determine whether it is discernable in the foregoing record. During the battle of Gettysburg there were none in his regiment who fought more bravely, or entitled themselves to more glory than Sergeant Henry O. Clark. And the 13th Vermont Regiment fought desperately on that field, and history accords it much glory. S. F. BROWN. Note — While the writer was tracing this sketch (Feb.. 1903) Colonel Henry O. Clark wa"! enjoying a winter cruise on the Mediterranean with members of his family, but there is no data at hand to show that lie is commanding the shij). The writer sincerely wishes for him and his family Bon Voyage! in which all the survivors of the 13th Vermont Regiment earnestly join. S. F. BROWN. J. F. DENSMORE. Among the killed or fatally wounded in Company D at Gettysburg, was Sergeant Julius F. Densmore. No better man served in the company than he, nor any that were more universally esteemed. He was a fine physique of about 170 pounds, rugged and healthy, abounding always in good nature and of a uniform sunny temperament. His age was about twenty-five. His intercourse with all the members of the company was most friendly and companionable, but especially so with Captain Munson and Lieutenant Rolfe in whose neighborhood he was raised and with whom his youth and early man- hood were spent. With the exception of an accident before Gettysburg was reached his service was in no way different from others. This accident in which he nearly lost his life was the accidental discharge of a revolver in the hands of Captain Basconi at Camp Carusi, Va. The ball took effect near the top of his forehead and ploughed a furrow across the head under the scalp. The wound under the skill of Surgeon Nichols soon healed and Densmore was able to march to Gettysburg with the regiment where he was destined to receive another wound of a more serious character. In the afternoon of 524 The Thirteenth Regiment I'ennont I'olunteers the third day of the battle while the regiment was luoviug iu the execution of the order "change front forward on first eoniiiany". Sergeant Densuiore fell forward on his face. The writer saw Lieutenant Hlbbard raise him sufficiently to see who had fallen and heard hlni say "poor Jule" and we passed on. After the repulse of the enemy at this point he was seen to have raised himself to a sitting posture and leave was granted at once to remove him from the field. His wound was a shattered sliull by a fragment of an exploded shell. He was able after a few days to be taken home to his parents In Colchester, Yt.. where he died August 31st, 1S63. His funeral was attended by most of the members of Company D. An impressive service was conducted by his pastor. Rev. Samuel Whiting and his remains were borne to the grave by his comrades with sincere grief. And now each year as we place flag and flowers on his grave he appears in our meiuoiy as wo Ivnew him in his rugged man- hood and we say "poor Jule." JOHX H. LYON. LEON H. DRAKE. I received your letter requesting every member of the old Thirteenth Vermont Yolunteers to write something for the history you ai-e preparing, and take pleasure In sending you some memories of forty-one years ago. One morning in May. when we were encamped on the Occoquau River our wagons started out to go to Fairfax Station for rations. When going through a piece of woods our horses and men were captured by Jlosby's guerillas who bore them oflf into rebeldom, leaving us to go hungry for the want of hard tack and sow belly. This raised the wrath of our old fighting Colonel Randall and he vowed he would have as many horses from the rebels as they had; taken from us. He called for a hundred volunteers, ordered them to make a raid into the enemy's country and not to return until we had the necessary number of horses. Vfe left camp in the early morning on foot with a few cavalry lueu, traveled fast as possible, taking as many horses as we could find. About noon I saw a man working ■with a team about a half mile from the road. Colonel Munson was riding near me — I asked permission to get the horses taking a young man with me — cannot remember his name or company. \Ye climbed fences, crossed fields and came up to our friend Johnny who was dragging in wheat. After passing the time of day to make it easy to approach him. 1 asked him to loan us his horses to ride into the country, which we knew he would not do. He said "No, 1 am late getting iu my wheat and besides you will not bring them back." 1 replied that we would return them if we came back that ■way, that we were tired out and must have them. 1 then asked him to unhitch his team, which he flatly refused to do. 1 then handed my gun to my comrade telling him to watch Johnny while 1 look the harness from the horses, threw it upon the ground, climbed upon the fine bay mare and my comrade took the other horse. We bade good bye to our friend Johnny as we rode away — leaving him still hanging on to the lines and damning the Yanks from away back. I then rode up to his house and asked a woman standing In the door for their saddle, but she said they had no saddle. There was a small piece of carpet on the floor by the door, which she allowed me to take, but ■svith a look that nearly froze me to the horse. We then started over fields and fences as fast as the horses could take us to catch up witli the rest of the boys — we found them halted making coffee. By this time they had found quite a number of horses and mules, but the boys who were not so fortunate as to have any were well tired out — the Colonel said they could remain to await our return while we would press farther on into rebeldom. We dashed down the road as fast as we could go. I had been riding all this time with no saddle and must say 1 felt as though 1 were sitting on a lot of sharp pointed tacks. 1 looked at every plantation for a saddle — was bound to have one if it could be found. Soon 1 noticed a large plantation about a mile away, I asked Sergeant Henry 0. Clark of Company D. who was so fortunate as to have both horse and sjtddle to ride with me over to this place. We left the command and started across the fields. A man who was standing in the yard as we drew near ran around the house. We ran our horses up to the house, asked a little boy about ten years old where they kept the saddle, he replied, "up stairs." I told him to get it quickly which he did. As 1 was about to put the saddle upon the horse a woman appeared and grabbed hold of it — that meant war. Talk about F'icUetfs charge at Gettysburg, that was nothing compared to this woman's charge. She had hold of one stirrup. 1 of the other. She began to cry and said the saddle belonged to her dead husband who was buried on yonder hill. 1 told her he would have no further use for it in this war. however, she protested and 1 found the hot southern tears more effective than bullets and though I needed the saddle sorely, was willing to compromise. She said she would tell us ■where there were eight or ten government saddles if 1 would leave her saddle. Then she told us that the Sunday before some of our cavalry had had a fight about four miles south of their place — several of our men were killed, and their saddles lay there beside the road. We did not take the bait, however. Comrade Clark and I held a counsel of war and decided to leave the saddles and join the boys along the road where we left them. By fresh tracks in the road ■vx'e knew they had turned back toward camp and we concluded that we too had better get out of the country, so w» Hiiii/rdpliiidl and JJistorical of Coiiifxiny J). 525 Btaited al a Kood iiaco down tli rough the woodK. Clark (oiild outride im- aw he had a saddle. 1 felt aB If I were rldliiK on a red hot Ktove. Ah we came to a hend In the road Kotne one shouted, "Halt", I tliouRht Honie of the JohnnleB were taking Clark In, 80 started my horse at full Hjieed, hoping to run through and eseape. 1 met Clark coming back after hlu gun which he had dropped in the road as he drew his revolver at a man who was standing in the road. Whi-n the man saw Clark he ran away toward a small settlement nearhy to take us Yankies in, we thought, so we let our horses fly overtaking the command as they had stopped lo make coffee. Our boys nearly ran Into a rebel camp of 10,000 on their way back. We found the rebels were on our trail and that was when the woman wanted us to go for the saddles. We rode all night after the twenty-four hours' hard ride, returned to camp with as many horses and saddles as the rebels had taken from us. We were a tired lot of boys. I couldn't sit down for a week. The fine mare that I captured on that trip was shipped to Vermont by Colonel Munson who wanted her for his private use. LRON DRAKK. JOHN NAY HARMON. was born In Milton, Vt., August 2\h\, 1S42, on a larnj m-ar the village of Checkerberry In said .Milton, Vt., received my education at district school No. 7 at said Checkerberry. Attended school one term at St. Albans In 1802. Henry Harmon (my father) was born In Belfast, Ireland. Emily (Nay) Harmon, mother, was born in MUton, Vt, .Tohn Nay Harmon married Helen Fay eldest, daughter of K. .1. Fay and Mary Ann (Peterson) Fay of Burlington, Vt. Of children there were four, three now living, Edward Fay born ./anuaiy 10th. 1874. now residing in St. Louis, Mo.; Ada S., born January 6th, 1876, teacher In public schools, Nashua, N. H.; Harry Wlllard, born March 29th, 1882, locomotive fireman, B. & M. R. R. My anxiety became so strong In wanting to enlist in the summer of 1862, that I was talking about it all the time. 1 had one clium of a boy that wanted to enlist as bad as myself. Neither of our fathers would listen to a word of It. Well the time came to raise the 10th Vermont Regiment. We met on the green or common of the village one Saturday afternoon and had a long talk and decided to go to Burlington and enlist that night, walked to the depot 2Vj miles, boarded the last train for Bur- lington. Arrived In town about half past nine o'clock, did some enquiring around about recruiting officers, was informed we would have to go to the company ground about two miles towards Shelburne. We decided to wait until morning, went to a friends house to stay all night. Wi' had an evening visit with the family, so did not return until 11 o'clock. 1 awoke about twelve or half past, and heard a sobbing in the dark, asked what the trouble was, the complaint was that he had left home with- out saying anything to his father and mother and he was going home in the morning. Well we decided to go right off, got started about one o'clock. On the way home we had one of the heaviest thunder storms of the season. We came to a farm house and tried to get under a shed but the dog had the best right and we did not dispute his right very much. Well we arrived home about half past four in the morning. When I went through the gate I saw my father going up stairs to call my brothers (which there were 2), I got a pail and went out milking the cows; my father came out to the yard, asked me where I stayed last night. 1 said I stayed with Leon. Well in the course of the forenoon father saw Mr. Drake, he asked father if Leon stayed with ./ohn last night, father said .John says he stayed with Leon, then there was an investigation. We had a good long walk of about l'> miles that night. About a month or six weeks the call was made for the 9 months' men, then 1 asked my father to give his consent, said he would think it over. I could not wait for that and enlisted with H. O. Clark, My experlenca and anxiety the day that we were mustered into the United States service. (I was jdaced on guard in front of General Stoughton's headquarters way down under the hill towards the village of Brattleboro), was not relieved until about three p. m. when I got Into camp mustering was all over. Being green 1 did not know what to do. so I did not do anything. I thought I would keep mum and go along with them; the next thought was, would I get any pay; was rather anxious until pay day came around; pay came also. .lOHN N, HAR.MON, 113 East Hollis Street. MARK DAY. I was born in 1839. reared on a farm in Essex, Chittenden County, Vermont, I was corporal in Captain Munson's Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, enrolled on the nineteenth day of August. 1862. At the final examination at Brat- tleboro I was rejected, but after talking with Captain Munson about being able to draw my thirteen dollars per month he told me that It would be all right. My desire to serve my country was too strong to take any advantage of the examining physician's mistake. I went all through the service without missing a single duty on that account. 526 J he Tliirtceiitli Regiment Vermont Volunteers On our way to the soat of war we slopped at New Jersey for breakfast; they had soup made up In barn-Is for the boys; we stuck up our noses at that fare but later we saw the time we would be glad to get that. I remember the review while we were encamped at Capitol Hill. Washington. D. C. We were out nearly all day with all of our eiiuipments on. It was a grand sight to see the soldiers as they marched by companies, their bright guns glistening in the sun. In thinking over our camp life there are many little incidents that I recall, trading coffee for a warm meal or a dish of bread and milk. At one place they gave us a large saucer filled with lobbered milk with molasses poured on top. What a treat it was to receive a box from home filled with good things to cat. I often think of the little raids we used to make foraging, going sometimes six or eight miles after milk. On one expedition we acquirtd a little sheetiron stove which did us good service. At the time of Randall's raid when we went from Camp Vermont to Fairfax Station and back to Camp Vermont through the snow and mud it was the only stove in the company. 1 recall the time when with four comrades I was detailed to go to Wash- ington with twenty-five or thirty contrabands, we went in a box car. On arriving In Washington we formed them in line and marched them up to the contraband camp and turned them over to the officer in charge. We were given a short leave of absence and we improved the time uj) to the limit. I can never forget our long and arduous march to Gettysburg, the many little episodes that happened on the march and the evening we arrived on the battlefield. Our exi)crience which followed while laying on the ground guarding the batteries during the terrible artillery duel, or when we moved forward to meet Pickett's men when they made their desperate charge to break our lines. I recall helping Comrade Harmon carry Octave Marcell, who was shot through the head. We carried him to the field hospital some distance to the rear. Night coming on before we were able to find our company again, we slept under an appletree that night, re-joining our Company the next morning. The fourth the different bands of music came out and played patriotic airs to celebrate our victory; some of the bands had dwindled down to two or three men. There arc many Interesting incidents that I do not recall. Doubtless some of my comrades who have had the opportunity of attending the camp fires and reunions of the old 13th can give a more interesting account. Soon after the battle our time having expired we left for Brat- tleboro and were mustered out. I can assure my old comrades at the 13th that no one will read the regimental history with more interest than your old comrade. MARK DAY, Co. D. MYRON P. SCULLIN, private. Company D. 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Infantry, born .July 17, 1S41, at Essex, Vt., enlisted at Colchester, Vt., Sept, 6, 1S62. Clustered out at Brattleboro. Vt.. Oct. 31, 1S63. Was wounded at Gettysburg .Pa., in Pickett's charge, .July 3, 1S63 by a musket shot in the ankle .ioint making a compound fracture. Right foot amputated July 17, at Newton's University Hospital, Baltimore, Md., from which I was discharged and sent to Vermont to be mustered out. When discharged from the hospital, Maj. C. W. Jones, surgeon in charge, told me that it was a most remarkable recovery, that I was the only one in that hospital from the battle of Gettysburg who had lived after having a limb amputated, that he had my foot preserved in alcohol and I could have it if I wanted it. At that time I did not want it, and he said that he would have it mounted and send It to the Medical Museum in Washington,' and there I found it. I was horn on a farm and attended the common school of my own town. When I enlisted I was a mechanic. After the war in 1S71 was employed as shipping clerk for the firm of Henry Johnson and Lord, of this city until 1SS7. since that time have not been engaged in any active pursuits. I am still living in Burlington. I am Past Post Conmiander of Stannard Post No. 2. G. A. R.. of Burlington. A Past Grand of Green Mountain Lodge No, 1, I, O, 0. F., of this city. A Past Chief Patriarch of Green Mountain Encampment No. 3. I. 0. O. F.. of this city and Past Grand Patriarch of the Grand Encampment of Vermont I. O. O. F.. and Past Captain of Canton Lafay- ette, No. 3, I. O. O. F.. Burlington. Vermont Patriarchs Militant. MYRON P. SCULLIN. Burlington, Vt., May 17. 1902. Co|)ied from the Free Press and Times of the date of Oct. 31, 1S99. HOW MYRON P. SCULLIN FOUND HIS LOST FOOT. in. SI IS 11 idn iiii iiKsi iiMi. i\ riiii;ivsi\ vi:aks. "Thirty-six years ago last July Myron P. Scullin of this city was fighting on the Gettysburg battlefield in company D, 13th Vermont Regiment, and duiing the three days' engagement was wounded in the foot and had a limb amjiutated just above the ankle. I^ast week in Washington Mr, Scullin found his lost foot and examined It for the first time since the surgeon's knife and saw separated It from the rest of his bod.v. Bioi/rupliiciil and Histt>riial of Coiiipaiiv D. 527 "The story although apparently incredible is true. The toot or bones of foot are now on exhibition in the medical museum where such are kept in Washington. When the foot was amputated after the wound the surgeon suggested to Mr. Scullin that he preserve it. This Mr. Scullin did not care to do but owing to the peculiarity of the wound the surgeon preserved the bones and in time they were placed la the museum where their former owner saw them. "Mr. Scullin accompanied the party which went to Gettysburg to attend the dedi- cation of the 13th Vermont regiment's monument and later went to Washington with the Intention at least of making a search for his lost foot in the museum where he had been told it was placed. On ari-iving at the Caiiitol he hurried away to the museum and after some search stood for the first time in 36 years with his two feet nearer than a mile apart. The bones of the foot are neatly mounted on a pedestal and are boldly placarded with the owner's name." JOHN W. FOREST. I was born at Winooski, Vermont, October 20, 1S45. In August, 1862, I enlisted at Winooski as fifer of Company D, 13th Vermont Regiment. Served a full term of service and later was a government telegraph operator for nearly two years, being stationed in Alabama and Tennessee. Remained in the South until '67. then came to Vermont, and in 1870 went west as civil engineer for the Northern Pacific Rail- road. Came to Kansas in '71 and in '73, settled in Thayer, Kans., as a hardware merchant. Married a Vermont girl in 1876. In 1886 sold my hardware store and have since been engaged in the banking business, my present occupation. I have always cherished a warm regard for my native state and her brave sons of the 13th ^'ermont, especially of Company D. I recall with enthusiasm the many cheerful and amusing incidents of army lite and still think with regret of the sad events, particularly the long, hard march to Gettysburg and the terrible havoc of those three days, July first, second, and third, 1863. I remember with especial distinctness some of the incidents of the very dis- agreeable stormy season of December, '62. Our regiment had been stationed for some time at Camp Vermont near Alexandria, but after a fortnight of alternate rain and snow and when the roads were consequently very muddy, we were ordered to break camp. Early in the afternoon we were ready to go but the order to march did not come until almost night. We were soon on the road to Alexandria, but before we reached town it was very dark and the cold, drizzling rain did not improve the situation greatly. Officers carrying lanterns rode at the front and the rear, but our progress was painfully slow. After leaving Alexandria we found ourselves in a strange country. Not knowing where the road led, we could only follow those in front of us; but we kept togethe^r fairly well until midnight when the line broke at a cross-road, and in the darkness and rain about half of the regiment wandered down the wrong track. .-Xfter what seemed ten hours, we found our comrades again and plodded on wearily until we were turned into some woods to spend the rest of the night. No matter what the circumstances or surroundings, soldiers will build fires; so very soon the logs were blazing cheerily and we lay down to sleep. In the morning we awoke to find our- selves covered with snow and frozen mud. but we marched on to Fairfax Court House and were then ordered into the woods a mile away. All this time nothing was known of our baggage train with our rations, and though it was exptected any hour, it did not arrive for ten days. For shelter we made bough houses which if not elegant served their purpose quite well. To the regulars of to-day such a camp would present a ludicrous appearance. The little bough houses were everywhere, no regularity being observed in their arrangement or construction. Some were fairly large, some small, and most of them were pieced out with shelter tents. Anything that could afford protection was put up wherever a suitable space could be found. And the regiment was as hopelessly mixed up as were the streets of the camp. Regardless of the companies to which they belonged the men had formed squads to build and occupy houses in partnership. Though this confusion was soon to cause me no little bewilderment and worry, it troubled us very slightly then; the missing baggage train and supplies caused far greater anxiety. We were in a country almost destitute of the necessities of life and though probably was not a day but that every soldier had something to eat, there was surely never a day that any man had a full meal. After ten days a part of the longed for train arrived and our cook drew rations of beans for the entire company, secured the necessary kettles, built fires, and the beans began to boil. It was ten o'clock at night, however, before the cook pronounced them done and sent out tjie welcome call "beans on the trencher". Three or four rods from the cook's fire, my cht^m, Charles Stannard, and myself occupied a small shelter tent. When the call came Stannard said, "Here, Forest, take my plate along and don't be slow about getting back!" When I reached the fire, I found that the beans were being dished out on the further side, so around the fire I went and waited my turn. After somq 528 I lie Thirtccntli Regiment I eniiont I (ilidtleers little time 1 received my double rations and mindful of Stannard's words started for our tent in a hurry. In my haste and hunger 1 quite forgot that 1 had come around the tire; consequently when I started directly away from the fire 1 went in exactly the wrong direction. I soon discovered that I was lost but there was nothing to guide me home for everywhere were the bough tents and Ijcfore each lent there was a fire just like the one in front of my own. With a full plate of beans in each hand, I wandered vainly around for a long time. Asking for information was worse than going hungry for in answer to my question "What company is this?" I was always told, "Company 1, you d nd fool." It was fun for the soldiers for they saw at once that 1 was lost and they guyed me unmercifully. Indeed my appearance must have been ludicrous in the extreme. Imagine a big, overgrown boy, nearly six feet tall, stumbling around at half past eleven at night, with a plateful of beans in each hand, but too badly scared to have sense enough to sit down and eat them although he had been hungry for a week! At last 1 heard someone explaining with a great deal of emphasis, to an amused group how his bloody-minded comrade had stolen his rations and sneaked oft to eat them, and what dire retribution would befall that comrade should he ever dare re- turn. It was the voice of Stannard and overjoyed to find my lent again, I braved his vengance and soon two tired, desi)erately hungry boys were enjoying their mid- night supper of cold beans. EDWARD FREEMAN. In answer to your kind and welcome letter will be pleased to tell you all about my old army days. I would have answered sooner but it was because I never received circulars N'o. 1 and No. 2. I enlisted in the United States service as private under, Capt. William D. Munson, in Company D, i;5th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry, September 6, 1862, Brattleboro, Vt. The regiment was equipped with the latest pattern of Springfield rifles, was mustered into the service October 10, 1862. September 11 left for Washington, arrived there on the 13th and went into camp on East Capitol Hill, where on the 27th it formed a part of the 2nd Vermont Brigade. We at once went into active service and I participated in the following battles: Fairfax Court House, Va., December 28, 1862. There we were called out at midnight to meet a large force of rebel cavalry under command of General J. E. B. Stuart. We fired a few volleys with rifle and cannon and made them retreat and that was all of that fight, and while at Fairfax Court House we had a pretty good time, stealing hoe rakes and sassafras beer and kissing the country girls. That was all the fun I had in Fairfax and from there marched back to Camp Vermont, near Alexandria and stayed there a few weeks and then marched down to Union Mills near Bull Run battlefield, where the Vermont troops in two great battles retreated to avoid capture. We remained here about a w'eek and were ordered back to Camp Veiniont and stayed there a week or two and from there ordered to Fairfax Court House where we remained until January 20. 1863 and then marched to Wolf Run Shoals where we remained until spring. This was a bad camp yet we had some fun and plenty of picket duty. The right wing had a snow ball fight with the left. The left won the honors. We stayed at Wolf Run Shoals about ten weeks and then marched down the river Occoquan near the village and had a great time there fishing and playing ball and pitching horseshoes, etc. We were now and then around the farmers' houses stealing chickens and drinking milk and had a great time with the girls. I had a fine little girl by the name of Violet and came pretty near marrying her and that was the end of my fun I had in that part of the country. I can remember the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.. .luly 1, 2 and 3. 1863, and after the battle my comrade shot a rebel right in the head because he would not give up his gun. After the war I married Alice Goiett. both of Colchester Point: have been married thirty-seven years. We have two children now. adopted, one's name is Albert Paridice and the other Leo St. John. Albert, a.sjed 23: Leo. aged l'). Leo is a school boy. His great grandfather was at the battle of Waterloo. From Comrade Edward Freeman. JOSIAH M, CARY, Comrade Sturtevant, Colchester, Vt., May 17, 1905. Dear Sir: Perhaps I am too late with my reply, but if so. little will be lost. I enclose a photo taken a short time after our discharge, also one just taken. I am not a ready writer and age, and poor health oblige me to keep moving to make a living. My history is brief. I am the 2nd son of Jesse and Sarah (Greenough) Gary. Both of whom were born in Colchester and always lived here. I was 29 years of age when I enlisted In Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, a widower with one child, a son 18 months of age who died at the age of 27 years. I served in the ranks for a time then was detailed as nurse and served in that capacity the remainder of my term. Bioyrof^liical and Historical of Cuinpany D. 529 The term of our enlistment expired soon after the battle of Gettysburg and when the regiment started for Vermont I was left with the wounded. I had special charge of Comrade Densmore till he reached home, then helped care for Comrade Marrs till his death from fever. My occupation was farming before and since the war. In 1S70 I married Miss Lucy M.. daughter of James M. and Mary A. Wheelock of Milton. We settled in Brandon. Vt., but at the close of the year removed to Milton, where we lived 13 years when we came to Colchester where we still reside. Our family of 3 sons and two daughters were born in Milton. All are living. One son Llewellyn D., served in the Massachusetts 2nd Regiment, Company 1. in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. He now lives in Springfield, Mass. One son lives in Connecticut. The others here in Colchester. This is of no interest to any but you can eliminate what is use- less or burn the whole. The card picture my wife wishes to keep as it is the only one in the family. Hoping this will serve your wants, I remain very respectfully yours. JOSLAH M. CARY. LEWIS BARTTRO, son of Joseph and Mary Louisa Barttro, was born at Point Du Lac, P. Q., January IS, 1829. Julia Plicia, his wife, was born at St. Pierre Les Becquets, P. Q., November 1, 1831. Lewis'enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 17, 1862, and served nine months in Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, and was a good and faithful soldier. I was a shoemaker, by trade, at time of enlistment. Was honorably discharged from the army July 22, 1863, and lived in Richmond. Vt., forty-two years (42) after discharge, working at my trade two years, then had to give that up on account of disability and worked at farming and carpentering, till about five years ago, since when I have been disabled to do any kind of work. I can tell but little of my grandfather, all I can say is that he came from the city of Sorel, P. Q. to Point Du Lac, after the French and Indian war in 1700. I don't know as he had any relatives, for none ever came to see him and he never spoke of any. My mother's people came from France before the French and Indian War, to Quebec. My great grandfather Baribeau was scalped by the Indians in Quebec, and his skin nailed to the door of his dwelling, while his wife was at sea. Before my grandfather was scalped, his wife and six children and six hundred persons more were sent out on the broad sea to perish. They were six weeks at the mercy of the waves, and during that time peace was made. After peace was declared, a ship was sighted and the people of Quebec thought it the same ship that was sent out to perish, so men were sent out to have the ship brought to shore and it proved to be the same ship that had been sent out to perish. All that were on board that ship were saved except one child that died on ship during the six weeks it was out at sea. My father was a British soldier during the war of 1812-13, serving thirteen months in that war. I was in the battle of Gettysburg and just as we were advancing to where the charge was made a grape shot hit Loomis Bentley in the wrist, the shot lodging between the bones of the lower arm. At the same time one of the shots hit Harry Tomlinson in the shoulder. About that time a piece of iron about two inches thick and ten inches long was seen coming towards us, the ends striking the ground now and then. Just as I was going to call to the boys to look out, the iron struck William Crosby in the forehead. He was lying on the ground near George Fenwick, where he raised his head just in time to be hit by the iron, Fenwick at the same time saying "Oh! My God, Willie, are you hurt?" When he saw the blood come from the wound, Fenwick took his handkerchief and put it on the wound, and saying, "lie down Willie, lie down." At that time the order was given to go to where there were a few rails, laid along for protection, and I left them. Crosby being still unconscious. A few minutes later, some one came along and said, "One of your company boys is wounded", who proved to be Wm. Marsh of Shelburne, who had both ankles shot off, of which he died in about tour hours afterwards. John Johnson was hit in the hip by a piece of shell that was buzzing in the air, but did not cut his flesh as it struck on the flatside of the shell. Another one that was hurt was Octave Marcelle. who was hit in the temple by a minnie ball and died the next afternoon. M. P. Scullin who was standing by me, was hit on the instep by a ball, which since his foot has had to be amputated. After Crosby was hit, I advanced a few rods ahead of him, towards the rails and did not see him again, nor inquired about him tor I thought him dead, but when I reached Baltimore on our return home, who did I see as we passed by the car that carried the sick and wounded, but Wm. Crosby sitting by the window with his head in bandages. During the battle of Gettysburg I also saw a corporal of another company, which I thought was Company K, hit by a shot while he and another fellow were getting water for a wounded soldier, the ball striking him in the back and passing through his stomach. He died instantly. We were mustered out at Brattleboro and I returned home on the eve of July 22. 1863. Lewis was married to Julia Plicia, eldest daughter of Maurice and Matilda Plicia, of St. Pierre Les Becquets, P. Q., September 23, 1849 at Worcester, Mass. 530 7 Vir I'liirtct'iitli Ri-ijiinciit J 'cniiont I 'oluiitci'is Of their IS chikiipii six are dead, (lilil.ji. .luiiius. born August. IS.').', and died in May. 185G, Josepti 1'.. born March. 18r)9 and died June. ISOl: .Joseph C. born September 12, 186."> and died May 23. 1894; Lewis born .June 19. IS.'.:} and died .July 2:i. 1896; Thomas F., born March 31, 1877 and died October 13, 19(10: and Martha, wife of .John Root, born October L'3. 1SG7 and died February 8. 19bl. The children that are living are Julia, wile of S. Desany, was born .July 2.^, 1S.'jO; Fannie wife of Lewis Christmas, born September 19. 1851; Junius born .lanuary 4. lS.'i7; Eleanor, wife of Geo. Dumas, born March 29, 1858; George H., tiorn March 29, 18(;0; Louisa M.. wife of L. .1. Uockwel!, born March 28, 1861; Sarah E., born November 26. 1869; Agnes M.. born June l.'i, 1.^71; Addie. wife of E. J. Zens, born January 7, 1874; Demaris. born March 29. 1876; Ocha, born June 14, 1878 and Enlalia. wife of John Root, born February 3, 1879. WILLIAM CROSBY. When the Civil War broke out I was very enthusiastic about going to the front, but as I was not of legal age. my father hesitated about giving his consent, however. I enlisted in the Ninth Regiment and drilled under Captain Beebe. but was taken out by my father, just as we weie ready to start for the front. My second attempt to enlist was in the First Vermont Cavalry, which also proved a failure, but my i)arents finding I was so determined to fight for my country that they gave their consent and I. at the age of sixteen, enlisted in the 13th Vermont at Winooski Falls. Vt.. drilling in what was known as Weaver's lot. and then went to Brattleboro and was mustered into the I'nited States sei'vice and proceedt^d to Washington to the front — my desire to serve my country at last being realized. ' We encamped at Wolf Run Shoals. Va.. where we did considerable skirmishing and. in the meantime, had an encounter with Mosby's guerillas. From there we went to Occofjuan and then proceeded to Gettysburg and engaged in that great battle which you are all so familiar with. I will not describe but will add that I was wounded in the head on the third day by the bursting of a shell. It has been my great pleasure to visit several times of late years, these famous battle grounds where I have met old friends and s|n>nt many hours talking over the past and enjoying the present. My picture in this book, the smaller of which represents me' as a boy of sixteen, as I le/t my home at Burlington. Vermont. Sei)t. 6. 1862. and enlisted in the I'nited States service as a private under Captain William D. Munson. Co. D. 13th Vermont Regiment. The regiment was mustered into service at Brattleboro. Oct. 10. 1862. after which we were ordered to Washington. D. C. where we camped on East Capitol Hill, and formed part of the Second Vermont Brigade. With my regiment 1 participated in the following battles: Fairfax Court House. Va.. Dec. 28. 1862. Gettysburg. Pa.. July 3. 1863. On the evening of July 3rd 1 received a wound in the head and was taken to the field hospital w-here I had my wound dressed. Twice I was surrounded by Mosby's cavalry, but escaped each time. 1 was honorably discharged July 21. 1S63. The latter and larger picture represents me as I am to-day. a plumber, at my home in Vergennes. Vt.. where 1 have lived ever since my discharge, enjoying good health with the excei)tion of the wound in my head, which causes me a great deal of trouble at times. One of my greatest pleasures is attending the. reunions of my regiment, where 1 meet so many of my comrades, and renew old acquaintances. ■ An important reunion of my regiment was held in October, 1S99. at Gettysburg, where we met and dedicated a monument. This was a i>articularly imiiortant meet- ing, and a sad one as we bade each other good-bye. as each one realized that perhaps it would be the last time we would all meet together again. JOHN M. ROLFE at the oryranization of Company 1) was elected second lieutenant. He had had military training at Norwich Military School and was thus qualified to be and was an efficient officer. But his service was short, ow-ing to the death of a brother at home and the infirmities of his father he resigned January 30th, 1863. Since the war his life was spent as a farmer; represented his town in the legislature, held the various town offices and was an honorable and respected citizen. He died September 13. 1902. CHARLES W. ATHERTON The tall private at the head of the cunipany roll of privates was one of my tent mates and a kinder, better friend I never had. He was always able to do his own work and if I was in any wav disabled, do mine most willingly. 1 have felt all the years since an indebtedness to Wesley for his extreme kindness to me and the helps re- ceived from him. In the spring of '63 he was detailed to serve as nurse in our regi- mental hosi>ital. There he contracted typhoid fever and was taken to genera! hospital at Alexandria. Captain Bascom visited him there. I suppose he went as near the brink Bioyraf^liiidl and Historical of Coml^any D. 531 as any man ever does and lives. From this time his service with the regiment was ended. He regained his health and after a time was married and lived in Underhill, Vt. He died there about 1890. JOSEPH BARABY A healthy, robust, good feeling young man, always ready for any duty that came to him. Stayed with the regiment to the muster out without a break. I do not remember any particular incidents connected with Joe except that I traded watches with him and got the worst of it. The last I knew of him, years ago, he was in Troy, N. Y. J. B. BEAUCHEMIN was of French extraction of Canadian birth. He was physically as fine a specimen of young manhood as our Company contained and was mentally and by education well equipped. He was in every sense a good soldier. He enlisted with us as a stranger and at the close of our term disappeared and none of his company have seen or heard of him since so far as I can learn. WILLIAM BLAKELEY One of the Colchester boys of American stock and birth, was a cousin of Lieutenant Rolfe. His service as a soldier was entirely creditable. Possessing as he did, a some- what pugnacious disposition by nature he was well fitted to do valiant service in battle. After the war he engaged in railroad work and while employed as passenger conductor his health failed and he died in JIarch, ISSl, Fort Wayne, Ind. A. J. BEEMAN My recollection of Jack is not so pleasant as of most of the others. Irritable in disposition and apparently devoid of any patriotic sentiment. But the least said the better in such cases which were happily rare. He returned without injury and followed the trade of carpenter. He died in Plattsburg, N. Y., many years ago. WILLIAM CROSBY As a soldier boy was a good type, quiet and modest in manner, willing and faithful in the execution of all duties that came to him. He served the full term of the regiment and came home with the respect of his comrades and he has never lost it. He has been a regular attendant at our regimental reunions and at G. A. R. gather- ings. He has been located many years at Vergennes, Vt., and I suppose is rich, for his business is that of plumber. At any rate he appears to be well fed and wears good clothes. Long live William. GEORGE FENWICK was an Englishman by birth and early training. He was one of the older men of Company D. His soldierly bearing and general conduct in the ranks and out was very marked among his comrades. It was said that he had seen service at home in the British army. He was ready, prompt and obedient. These qualities were noted by the company officers and he was promoted corporal in February, 1863. He died in 1909 at the age of 80 odd years. UDNEY FARNSWORTH was one of Colchester's native sons. At enlistment he was a youth of 17 years, but in physical size and strength a young Hercules. As a soldier there was nothing lacking, never complained at hardships or shortage of rations or their quality, answered every roll call except for a short period when the measles claimed his closest attention. From this he recovered in time to take the memorable seven days' march to Gettys- burg and in the battle fought with bravery. After reaching home he attended one term of school, then engaged in railroad work as section hand in Highgate, Vt., for a time. In the fall of 1864 he with a few other young men went to the state of Iowa. On arriving there young Farnsworth at once applied to the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad for work. He was promptly given a job as freight brakeman which he filled for three weeks, then was set to firing. In three years he was given an engine and for about 40 years he has been driving a passenger locomotive back and forth on the lines of the same company he first engaged with, and 1 will venture that he is rated one of the best engineers in their service. His faithfulness as a soldier has been conspicuous in the service of a great corporation, in a most responsible position where honest, careful work commands a premium. 532 I'lic Thirlcciilh Kciiimcnt I'cniwitl \' oluitlccrs SETH A. H. GRIFFIN was called the laziest man in ••!)." With a niininnmi amount of exerxise. it was under- stood that he could eat more beans than any man in the company. I'ntidy in the care of himself and careless as to his equipments, slow to respond to calls to duty. Not a favorite in the daily rounds of camp life. Hut lo his credit — l)e it said — and I know it from my own ol)servation — he fought in t)attle manfully and with seeming disregard of what might be the result to him. .My feelings underwent a change favorable to Crawford, and I concluded it was not always the sleekest man that was of the most worth in emergency. Elliot had a brother, Stephen, in Company A. They went West and were there the last I knew of them. SETH W. H. GRIFFIN Although a large, strong looking man was not able to endun- the hardships and ex- posure of soldier life in the field. His health failed to such an extent that he was discharged from the service Jan. 12, 1863. He died Sept. 13, 1897. R. J. GRIFFIN Second corporal, was a very tall, slimly built man. His service was in every way creditable. His health not the best but was able to serve with the regiment to the end. The only peculiar incident that I remember now about him was the loss of his voice, which he went without for some months. He died December 31, 1902, at Northfield. where he had made his liome for several years. SAMUEL HAND was the oldest man in Co. D. He wanted to go with the boys and although about 60 years old was passed by the inspector. His case well defined the saying. "Old men for council: young men for war," for he was utterly unable to march or perform any of the harder duties. He was a very genial man and well liked. Was detailed for most of the time as cook's helper. When the regiment started on its long march Uncle Sam was left behind and we did not see him again until after our arrival at Brattleboro, when he came to us there. He was in a somewhat battered condition for on his way home he reached Xew York while the great riot was in progress and his uniform betrayed him to the fury of the mob. and he was roughly handled. He thus had an opportunity to witness a period of mortal combat, the scenes of which he related to us in his quaint way. He died a few years later. E. 0. AND JOHN JOHNSON In Company D there were eight pairs of brothers; the Johnson boys were one. Both good soldiers, always well, marched with the regiment to Gettysburg, fought through the battle and returned unharmed exce])t a slight wound received Ijy John. John went West soon after the war, last heard of in t'tah. more than thirty years ago. Eben O. remained here, succeeded to his father's farm, was prominent in town affairs many years. He made many friends. He died Jan. 14, 1903. JOHN KELLEY was next to the oldest man in Co. D. being. 1 think, about fifty, .\lthough past the age limit, I do not remember that he failed to perform his share of the duties right through. He was a quiet man, ntttnded to his own business and had no trouble with his comrades. ANTOINE LAROSE enlisted in Company D from South Hero, Vt. My remembrance of him is one of robust health and strength, a splendid specimen of young manhood, capable of endurance in the hardest service, even tempered, willing and obedient to every call. But sick- ness overtook him and the last we saw of him was, I think, the morning of the 25th of June when all was activity in preparation of the great march, when two men were assisting him down the company street to be taken with the other sick of the regi- ment to some general hospital. It is recorded in the Revised Roster of the state that he died July 18. 1863, and was buried in the National Military Cemetery. THOMAS CALVERT of Essex, 20 years of age, enlisted at Colchester, and became one of Company D, bright, cheerful and good-hearted, he was the friend of all. Seemingly in perfect health, he Biograpliical and Historical of Company D. 533 was prompt and ready at all times for duty, or for fun. Probably from exposure in the spring of '63 which was a cold and rainy season, he contracted typhoid fever, and though he received the best care possible in the regimental hospital he died June loth, 1863, at Camp Carusi, near Occoquan, Va. He gave his life at his country's call. His remains were returned to Vermont and now rest in the Cemetery in his native town. JOHN ANDRESS was a native of Milton and at the alleged age of 18 enlisted in August, 1862, in Com- pany D of the 13th Vt. Regiment. He was a boy full of fun rather inclined to reck- lessness, always ready to have a good time and equally ready to perform any duty to which he might be assigned. He was one of those who accepted circumstances as they came, and found no fault. If rations were short, and the march hard he made no complaint, but was cheerful and contented. In camp with plenty to eat, little work, pleasant weather, and a good place to sleep he was equally happy. He now resides in Burlington and though not so strong and hearty as 48 years ago, is just as cheerful and happy as in the days of lonn ago. LOOMIS M. BENTLEY twenty years of age, enlisted in August, 1862. and became a member of Company D. He was a quiet man, strict in obedience to orders and made a good, reliable soldier. He lay with the Company in the front line of battle at Gettysburg and during the terrific cannonading preceding Longstreet's assault July 3rd, Rentley was hit by a grape shot which passed through his left arm breaking both bones," and placing him on the retired list for that day and fight. He was discharged at Brattleboro, returned to Milton where he remained for some years. At the issue of this book he is reported as dead. WILLIAM P. CALVERT enlisted at Colchester, at 22 years of age in Company D. August, 1862. He was a quiet man and a good soldier, though lacking in those qualities that made his brother Thomas popular with his comrades, he was a straight and true man. He served the full term and was discharged with the regiment at Brattleboro. After the war he lived in Colchester and died at Winooski many years ago. OLIVER CHERRIER enlisted In Company D in September, 1S62. He was older than most in that Company, being over 30 years of age. Different from most of French extraction he was a quiet, unobtrusive man, who attended strictly to his own affairs. Extremely neat in his personal dress, he kept his gun and equipments polished to the highest degree. He commanded the respect of his comrades and in the early part of 1863 was promoted to be a corporal. No officer in the company appreciated the honor more, or was more rigid in carrying out the duties devolving upon him. He was a first class soldier in every respect. After discharge with the Company he located in Fairfax, and died there in 1892. ROYAL S. CHILDS enlisted in Milton, at 19 years of age, and became a member of Company D. Tall, thin and with a boyish face he certainly looked to be about 17, and it is possible that his desire to do his part in the great struggle, induced him to advance his age a couple of years, to be accepted as a soldier for the Union. He was always ready when called, and made no complaint. Served through with the Company, was mus- tered out at Brattleboro July 21st, '63 and is now living at Clinton, Mass. He cherishes a warm feeling toward his former comrades and frequently attends the annual meet- ings of the Association. JOSEPH CROTO was of French extraction and at 33 years of age, enlisted in Colchester in September 1862, in Company D. Although an entirely new avocation for him, he being by trade a shoemaker, he took kindly to military life and discipline. Met the various changes of hard marches and poor feed, followed by idle camps, and fresh oysters at 10 cents a quart, solid meats, with equanimity, and made no complaint. Serving out his full time he located in South Hero, where he followed his trade for many years. Later he moved to Leadville, Colo., since which we have no record of Joe Croto. JOSEPH DOUGLASS enlisted at 19 years of age in Milton, and became a member of Company D. 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Strong and hearty, always ready and willing, he was 534 llii^ 'fliirlcriitli Rci/iiiiciit I'crmont I'uhtiitccrs one of the best soldiers in the company. That he could milk a Virginia cow, and in Ihc night, would indieato that he possessed other, and persuasive |)ower. as well as strength. He was always on hand at roll call, marched with the regiment to Pennsyl- vania, went through the battle of Gettysburg without a scratch, returned to Vermont and was mustered out with his comrades July 21st, 1863. Since the war he has lived in Milton and is now a prosperous farmer there. ANTOINE GARROW enlisted in Company D, at .Milton in S.-i.tiinlMi-. i;_-. lining 20 years of age. He was an easy going boy of French descent and not over fond of work, a characteristic which has remained with him to the present time. He marched with the Company to Gettysburg and no fault can be found with his work on that terrible afternoon of .luly 3rd. "63. After his discharge at Brattleboro he returned to Milton, and lived there for many years. At this writing he lives in the enjoyment of a liberal pension, at Sodom, a village in Georgia. Vt. JAMES D. GERMAN was born and bred in Milton, enlisting from that town at 19 years of age in Company D. He was a good soldier, though preferred to scout around outside, doing a little foraging for private requirements, to standing camp guard or attending regimental drills. It is said that he was an expert in "poker," which game, in a small way pre- vailed in camp about pay day. He served with the company during its term and was with it at Gettysburg escaping without a wound, and was discharged July 21st, 1863. Leaving Vermont he entered the employ of the Central R. R. of New Jersey, and died in Jersey City in 1904. JOHN GREENWOOD enlisted at the age of 26 at Colchester in Sept. r,2 and became a member of Company D. He was one of the most quiet men in the Company. There were times when there was considerable confusion, noise, loud talk and some fighting in the Company, but Greenwood was never a participant, sometimes in the dead hour of night, when a tuimcil began and the Captain appeared with the query. "Who is making all the racket?" a dozen voices would reply much to the surprise of both parties "Greenwood." He was a model soldier served his time and was discharged with the regiment. He visits Vermont to attend the reunions of the regimental association, and is a pros- perous farmer at Saranac, N. Y. JAMES 0. HARMON was raised in Checkerberry, la village in Milton I. educated in the common and select schools there, and enlisted at the age of 19 in August. '62. in Company D. He was appointed by the town, a recruiting officer, and by his efforts many of his friends joined the 13th Regiment. At the formation of the Company he was made a corporal, and from his strict attention to duty, and his natural ability he was promoted Sergeant and served with the company till discharged with the regiment by reason of expira- tion of term of service. He was wounded at Gettysburg Jtily 3rd, '63. Later he studied medicine, was admitted to practice, married and located in Westford After some years of successful ])ractice he moved to Rantoul. 111., where he died in 1906. He several times returned to Vermont to attend the annual reunions of the regiment and was a loyal member of the .\ssofiation. THOMAS HODGKINSON enlisted at Colchester in September, '62, in Company D. He was a tall, thin man, aproaching 40 years of age, and living entirely within himself. Xot inclined to be social he seemed more contented when standing guard at a post far removed, and in self communion to be entirely satisfied. He was prompt at roll call, faithful in discharge of any duty to which assigned, cool in battle, and made a tlioroughly good soldier. He was discharged with the regiment, and lias not since been heard of. at least bv the writer. HOSEA T. HUMPHREY was a resident of Richmond and in September, 1862, he joined Company D. The writer has no official knowledge but he seemed to be about 40 years of age. To most of the company he seemed an old man. He was not a very companionable man. made no advances toward friendship with his comrades, but lived in himself. Prompt and ready, he always answered to roll call and obeyed all orders, .\fter his discharge he returned to Richmond and a few years later removed to Pipestone, Minn., and died there in 1900. Bi(i(/rapliical and Historical of Coiiil^aiix D. 535 DAVID KILEY aged 18 years, enlisted at Milton in Company D, in August, '62. He was small in size, and rather delicate in health, and must have been born under an unlucky star. He always claimed that luck was against him. On a long march, in a dark rainy night he fell in a well, the only man in the regiment with that exijerience. From the tact that this accident happened while he was straggling three rods off the road, it may be said that this was from lack of judgment rather than hard luck. At Wolf Run Shoals he had. strictly against orders, acquired three chickens, evaded the guard and gotten them safely into his tent, dressed and cooked them, and was just ready for a good dinner. Evidently luck was with him so tar, the fact that he had scattered the feathers in front of his tent, just then led to his detection, confiscation of his dinner, a merited punishment. Surely a lack of sound judgment. He did not make the march to Pennsylvania. Having unnecessarily exposed himself, he contracted typhoid fever, during which he went as near the bottom the the valley of the Shadow of Death as ever a man goes, and returns. After his discharge he returned to Milton, living there with all kinds of luck, mostly ill, until his death in 1905. He was sick of an incurable disease and suffered greatly for three years. Though of irritable disposition, he was generous and not one-half as bad as he tried to make himself appear. JAMES MARCELLE was born of French parents in Milton. At nineteen years of age he enlisted in Com- pany D, went with the regiment to Virginia, performed every duty to which he was assigned, making no complaints, enduring the hard part and enjoying the easy, he marched with the company to Gettysburg, went bravely through the fight, returned with the regiment and was mustered out July 21st, 'fi3. He went at once to Milton, soon married, bought a farm, and lived a quiet, respected life till his death in 1901. MITCHELL LUCIA was a native of Milton and there, at the age of 21, enlisted in August, 1S62 in Company D. Accustomed to hard work on a farm he made a good soldier. Of a rather sour disposition, he was much inclined to find fault, and claimed if there was a hard detail, or unpleasant duty it always fell to him. Much of his trouble, however, was imaginary. He did his full duty, served his time and was discharged at Brattleboro, with the company July 21st. '63. Returning to Milton he married, raised a large family, and is now a prosperous farmer there. ANDREW LUCIA a brother of Mitchell. Andrew Lucia enlisted with him in Company D, being 19 years of age. Of large, compact build, great strength and activity, he was a valu- able man in the Company. Of a bright, sunny disposition, full of fun and jokes he added much to the social life, and brightened the weary march, and dull days of cold and rainy camp life. He had a tremendous appetite and the writer has seen him consume his entire day's rations of 22 ounces of warm, fresh baked bread, with 12 ounces of salt pork, at one sitting. He served his term without a day's illness, made the Gettysburg march, fought through the battle, returned with the company to Ver- mont, married and settled down in Milton, where he now lives with his family on his own place, and though much crippled by rheumatism, with the aid of a liberal pension, in comfortable circumstances. CHARLES LADUE was born in Milton and resided in that town all his life excepting only the time he served as a soldier in the 13th Vermont Regiment. He enlisted at the age of IS. in August, 1S62, in Company D, and served with the Company till discharged at the expiration of his term of enlistment. His father was a blacksmith, and he followed in that occupation, and was considered one of the best in that essential industry. Leav- ing a widow, and several small children, he died at the place of his birth in February, 1907. JAMES McKOWEN at the age of 20 enlisted at Colchester in August, 1S62, in Company D. He made a good soldier, never lost a day from illness, answered every call promptly, and could be depended on to execute any order given him. He was of an ingenious turn of mind and could construct a stick and mud chimney that was proof against cartridges thrown down it by mischievous comrades outside. He returned to Vermont with the com- pany, emigrated to Tennessee, in which state he died previous to 1892. 5.V' /''«' I'^iirtcciith Ri-ijinu-nl I'cnitoiit I'oliiiilccrs ARNOLD MORTON enlisted In September, 1SG2, from Milton, and became one of Company D, 13th Regi- ment, being at the time 24 years of age. Though not of a strong constitution he was every day on duty cheerfully obeying orders, and finding no fault. Of a quiet and peaceful turn of mind, he was never engaged in any of the occasional squabbles in the company, but wlien the time came for action, he was in the front rank, cool and collected, with an intention to make every shot tell. After his discharge with the regiment he returned to Milton whore he. at this writing resides, a quiet, respectable, and respected citizen. LEO MUZZY at 21 years of age enlisted in Milton in Company D. Of a quiet nature, he was thor- oughly reliable, trusty and dependable, attending strictly to his own duties, and he made no trouble for himself or others. Leo was always ready when called and obeyed orders cheerfully and willingly. He was a good soldier. Returning to Milton after his term of service had expired, he worked in a tannery there, and later in Johnson. Afterward moved to Swanton where he died about 1899. JOSEPH PRIM was born and raised in Milton and at the age of IS enlisted there in Company D. He was a good, honest boy who had never been out of the county till he went to the state rendezvous at Brattleboro. Everything interested him. He probably enjoyed the campaign from first to last. He was always in good health, ate well, slept well and performed the duties assigned to him without murmur or protest. After his discharge he returned to Vermont, re-enlisted, and after the end of the war lived for a time in Milton. Leaving there he was lost sight of but it is generally under- stood that he is not living. JOSEPH SANDERS At 21 years of age enlisted in August. '62 in Company D at Milton. He was an exceedingly lively young man and even at this writing, travels a rapid pace. If there was any frolic in the regiment, or any foraging outside. Sanders was one of the fore- most. He did his full duty though with much grumbling in hard times. Much in- clined to argument, he was always in a wrangle, and added variety, at times, when otherwise, it might have been monotonous. Serving out his full term, he re-enlisted in a battery and was severely wounded. After the war he located in Milton, later moving to New York, and is now a prosperous farmer in Vermont. MORTON H. SANDERSON was a native of Milton, and that town was his place ol' residence during his life. At l.s years of age he enlisted in .-\ugust, 'tember Sth, 1S62, at Morrlsvllle. you would hardly think that he could distinguish a two horse team from a lady dressed as the style was at that date, wearing largcsi/.ed hoop skirts on the streets of Morrls- vllle. so of course he was thrown out. The other lieutenant elected at the first organization had symtoms of varicose veins, and a desire to have them show very prominent upon examination day, which was near at hand, which would occur ui)on Monday. September Sth when the com- pany was to be called together for examination, and to form the second organization, and being fully convinced that there was not the least possible chance for his re-< election at the coming organization, he was planning as it seemed between August 28th and September Sth. to have the above dissability aid him in being dropped from the company as it was not his desire to serve as a member of the company in a position beneath the rank of a commissioned officer, and with proper planning to bring about the re(iulred development of said dissability. to that extent, that it would partially incapacitate him for serving as an infantry-man. so under those circumstances the examining surgeon was justified in rejecting him from the company. As previously referred to. that the comijany would be called together at Morrls- vllle Monday. September Sth. 1S62. for examination and also to form the second organ- ization, and we accordingly met on that day and first went through a slight examina- tion. All stood the test In very good shai>c. only three of that number were rejected two of them were the first and second lieutenants, elected at the first organization, with both of them their disabilities had develoiied so rajiidly during the few intervening days after being fully convinced that neither one of them could be elected at the coming organization. Then they jilanned to a|)i)ear before the examining surgeon with disabilities so prominent that he. although an elderly gentleman and minus one arm. would readily observe that they were wholly unfit to perform the duty of soldiers. The result was. they were upon examination immediately left out. The examination was brief and as soon as through with, all assembled at the town hall to organize. Everything passed off smoothly causing no great jar. There was one man In the com- pany, a volunteer from Morristown. who was anxious to be 2nd lieutenant, but when it was found he could not be elected to that position the captain and lieutenant, told him they would give him the orderly sergeant's berth. He said. "No. if he could not be 2nd lieutenant he would be a i)rivate." The officers being of a peaceful turn of mind kindly let him have his own way. so he served as a private in Company 13. The company organization was finally completed with the officers to be commis- sioned and also the non-commissioned were elected from the different towns that fur- nished men to make up the company, and the intention was seemingly judging from outward appearances, to share the company offices with the boys from each town according to the number of men furnished by their respective towns. Stowe furnished the largest number of men of any town, so the Captain. Joseph J. Boynton: Isl Sergeant. Harvey H. Smith: 4th Sergeant. Orlo L. .ludson; 2nd Corporal. .Joseph S. Collins; I'.rd Corporal. George W. Hodge, were elected from the Stowe delegation. Cambridge next in line as furnishing the next largest number of men: 1st Lieu- tenant. Andrew ,J. Davis: 2nd Sergeant, Edwin H. Reed: 1st Corporal. Charles H. Miner: 6th Corporal. Unite W. Keith, were elected from the Cambridge members. Next in order of number of men furnished was Morristown. from which 2nd Lieutenant. Frank Kenfield: 3rd Sergeant. Horace H. Cole: 5th Sergeant. Carlos E. Cheney: .^th Cori)oral. Hiram C. Woleutt; Sth Corporal, Joseph M. Chaplain, were elected. One elected from Wolcott: 4th Corporal, Moses J. Leach. The 7th Corporal from Johnson was Henry C. Parsons. After the company organization was completed the company were all assigned to their boarding places. About one-half of the comjiany took up quarters at the hotel, under proprietor Whipple, (not our friend and comrade T. S. Whipple.) The balance of the company boarded in private families. Several of the Morristown boys resided in or near the village of Morrlsvllle. The next thing in order was to be put under charge of Urban A. Woodbury, as drill-master. He was captain of Company D, the 11th Vermont Regiment, that being the Lamoille County Company recruited for that Regiment. Captain Woodbury was a Lamoille County boy from the town of Elmore. He enlisted from that town, May 25. 1S61 in Company H. 2nd Vermont Regi- ment at Fletcher. At the company organization he was elected Orderly Sergeant of the company. At the battle of First Bull Run he was wounded, loosing his right arm, and taken prisoner July 21. 1S61. Paroled October 5th. 1S61. discharged October ISth, 1861. but remained a paroled prisoner until November. 1862. He was elected Captain of Company D, 11th Vermont Regiment, in August. 1862. He was an experienced drill-master. He gave army tactics through study with a taste for the military part of the business, and seemed to take iirlde in having a company well drilled. He had drilled two or three companies from our county. Company A. Sth Vermont Regiment, at Hyde Park, that being the Lamoille County Company of that Regiment. The next was Company H, the 9th Regiment, next Company D. the nth Regiment. Then in hof/raf'hical and Historical of Coiiipaiix E. DO' order Company E, 13th Vermont, our company, was drilled in good shape three weelcs at Morrlsvllle by our drill-master. Captain Woodbury. One day previous to the holding of the town fair at Elmore, he extended an invita- tion to the company to have the whole company march up in a body the day that the fair was to be held at Elmore, for he felt an interest in the fair, on account of its being his home town, for his father resided at Elmore Pond village. The company nearly all marched up when the day arrived in good style, for that was the way company E, had of doing things. Soon after reaching Elmore the news spread through the company that there was a prize up of ten dollars to be won in a foot race. There were always more or less members in company E that had an eye out for all sucBi games of luck and chance, so three of our crowd notified the manager that they would just take a shake at that game, so drill-ma.ster. Captain Woodbury. Sergeant Cheney, bass drummer. Orlo C. Perkins, entei-ed for the race and won the prize money; first prize, five dollars, won by Captain Woodbury, the other two prizes won were three dollars and two which w-ere won by Cheney and Perkins. Company E began drilling Monday. September Sth and drilled the week days of the next three Vv'eeks. closing up Saturday the 27th of September, 1862. preparatory to starting for Brattleboro the following Monday morning, September 29th. The Cam- bridge boys went direct to Essex Junction to take the train and would join us at Waterbury. Johnson. Eden and Wolcott boys met at Morrisville and started from there in company with Morristown boys for Waterbury by way of Stowe. and there fell in company with Stowe boys and met Cambridge boys at Waterbury. and that formed the full company. Then proceeded on to Brattleboro, arriving tliere Monday night the 29th of September, together with the other nine companies of the Regiment, where they met for the first time as a full Regiment. When the 13th Vermont Regiment reached Brattleboro and stepped from the train and formed in line to march to the parade ground, and as the regiment started off from the station escorted by the 12th Vermont Regiment under command of Colonel Blunt, keeping step to the music of fife and drum it would not require a very sharp critic to observe in that body of soldiers comprising two regiments of Green Mountain boys, a class of men that would do credit to themselves and also do their full duty in keeping up the proud reputation established early in the war by the Vermont troops who took the field early in the summer of 1S61 and have fully sustained the same reputation during the year and a half that the war had been going on prior to the date of mustering into the service of the 2nd Vermont Brigade. The powerful march- ing done and long distances covered by the first Vermont Brigade, when placed at the head of the line with the order from General Sedgwick to keep the ranks well closed up. The above doings of. and the record of the 1st Vermont Brigade had been published from Maine to California and across the great waters of foreign countries. At the time the 2nd Vermont Brigade entered the service, without doubt it was the personal desire of many a member of not only the 13th Vermont but with other Regiments the same throughout the 2nd Vermont Brigade. If life was spared them to serve through their term of service to be ready and willing to do their full duty where, when or whatever it might be, either in camp or upon the march or uixju the lone picket post, surrounded by rebel bush-whackers, or upon the battlefield in line of battle it should be their lot to be called upon to be in that position and if it was the lot of theirs to any or all of the different kinds of duty above mentioned which was liable to fall to the lot of any true soldier ready to perform his duty at any time when called upon, he would have a desire to perform his duty in a way tliat when his term of service expired and he received his honorable discharge from the army with a record just as clean and honorable according to the length of his term of service as with Vermont soldiers who had gone into the service earlier in the war. Company E reached Brattleboro with one hundred and nine men. including officers and privates. Company H reached there the same day with only forty-eight men which had to be made up to a whole company from the other nine companies, each furnishing men according to the number of men in each company respectively. In mingling with and being one of the company for three weeks. I had an oppor- tunity to become quite well acquainted with all those that became familiar upon short acquaintance and they proved to be a fine, well behaved company of men. as bright and intelligent and well appearing as it will be the good fortune of any person to meet. There were a few men who enlisted in Company E just as we left for Brattleboro which made not only an addition in way of numbers but were of the right make-up to help keep up the highest standard of reputation that the company had already gained during their three weeks' stay at Morrisville. Our drilling-master. Captain Woodbury went with Company E to Brattleboro to help them along in good shape in way of drilling the company and he knew just what had got to be done before leaving the State and knew how to have the company appear at muster. The company drilling of Company E and also witnessing the drilling of the other companies through the regiment were both interesting and instructive to both those drilling as well as the onlookers. After a few days of drilling and planing, (and getting the hang of the barn, as the Irishman said, when he was getting ready to commence threshing, by 55-J The Tliirtcctith Regiment I'eniiont Voliiitleers hand in olden times) soon the talk commenced in regard to the number of men each company would be obliged to transfer from their respective companies to flll up com- pany H to an average number of men. Company E's number to furnish was eleven. By the commissioned oflBcers having an opportunity of being in the company three weeks at Morrisville, together with the men daily both upon drill and during leisure hours, they had become fairly well acquainted with most of the boys who had been together since orKani/.ation. They had by ciDse oliservation of the different men and also of the companies in full, and by having friendly conversation with all of the men and being ui)on a level with the private soldier who was a member of that com- pany, the same as with a commissioned oflBcer. By receiving the above named treat- ment daily from each and every one of the officers both commissioned and non-com- missioned, the whole company became strongly attached to them and strictly adhered to and promptly obeyed every order with willingness and kindly feeling toward their superiors, and under those circumstances the commanding officer, whoever might be In command of the company had full confidence in eveiy member of the company doing his full duty each and every time strictly according to orders and that was the state of feelings betw^een the officers and all members of Company E of the 13th Vermont Regiment. When they all met at Waterbury railroad station. September 29th, 1862, and with that state of feeling existing in and throughout the entire company the commissioned officers were fully .lustified in feeling a certain degree of pride in the general appearance of the company. As previously stated Company K reached Brattleboro with one hundred and nine, officers and men. They were recruited from the following named towns of Lamoille County: Cambridge, 33 men; Eden. 3 men; .Johnson, 7 men; Morristown, 21 men; Stowe, 42 men; Wolcott. 2 men; Westford, 1 man. Xext in order was the examination of the regiment by companies. When the day arrived for examination the one hundred and nine men were drawn up in line in the room tor the same, and thoroughly examined and every man in the company accepted as being all right. After deciding the question as to the number of men each company should furnish, it was decided that the quota of Company E would be eleven, which were draw-n from the above named towns as follows; One from Cambridge. Napoleon B. La Monda; Eden 3, Leonard W. Leach. Marcus Demerrit, Charles J. Chamberlin; Morristown 1, Jerry O. Bisconner; Stowe, G, Amos C. Chase. William Emerson, .lohn B. Kusic. .Toseph Merritt, Elisha Xorris, Edward Taylor. One man Volney C. Babcock of Stowe was left sick at Brattleboro. when the regiment left the State and was discharged there November 27th. 1862, for disability. The above twelve being taken from the companies. Com- pany E had ninety-seven officers and men when they left for Washington. Xext in order comes the muster. We had a number of hoys in Company E who could perform like first-class circus men, and drill-master Woodbury enjoyed their practice and helped to carry it on anytime between hours for drill. He made it a point to have all of that class of men and boys make a good showing on those lines when taking their run on day of muster before Adjutant General. Peter T. Washburn, for which he complimented them very highly, for both their activity and skill in maneuver- ing, in turning regular summersaults and gymnastic performances. Adjutant General "Washburn thought si)unky Lamoille was all right as yet and the company furnished therefrom. Every man passed muster O. K. The calls and visits by members from different companies back and forth, were .greatly enjoyed, by keeping them up while in camp, at our different places. There were members from Company F and K who were acquainted with members of Com- pany E. The writer has in memory the names of Lieutenant Xaramore and W. A. Xaramore, Erastus Powell and others of Company F. Comrade R. O. Sturtevant of Company K w-as acquainted with some members of Company E. Sergeant Edwin H, Reed, Sydney C. Cady. private. His visits were greatly enjoyed by those wiio w-ere acquainted with him, and had at the same time an opportunity while visiting those- whom he knew to become acquainted with otiiers. Biographical and Historical of Company E. 553 CAPTAIN JOSEPH J. BOYNTON of Company E, 13th Vermont Regiment, was born in Stowe. Vt.. in 1833 and had always resided in his native town up to the date of his enlistment in 1862. When he en- listed he was 29 years of age. He was a very worthy upright man in every day life from either a social, moral or religious point of view. He won the respect of not only his own company of men, but all who had occasion to be placed under his command either before he was promoted to Major, May 5, 1863, or after, it was all the same as far as the writer had any personal knowledge of the matter. He served through his term of enlistment with credit to himself, state and town. While in the service he was studying medicine and afterwards completed his course and began the practice of medicine and through the influence of Comrade S. A. Andrews he secured a position and located at South Framingham. Mass., where he was soon the leading physician in that place, there being seven others in practice at that time. He was very prominent in his business, as a practising physician, and resided there until his death which occurred .June 17. 1897. aged sixty-four years. FIRST LIEUTENANT ANDREW J. DAVIS of Company E, 13th Vermont Regiment, was the first man to enlist from the town of Cambridge under the call of August 4th, 1862 of President Lincoln for 300.000 nine months' men to volunteer. He served as first lieutenant from date of company organ- ization September Sth, 1862, until May 5th, 1863, when he was promoted to captain of Company E to fill the vacancy caused by promotion of Captain Boynton to Major of the Regiment. He was a good officer, wide-awake, energetic and ambitious to do his duty every time and look out for his men and their welfare. He made the march from Virginia to Gettysburg and commanded Company E upon the march and through the battle with credit to himself and the company in full. He returned to the State ■with the Regiment and to Brattleboro and was discharged with Company E on the 21st day of .July, 1863, and returned home to Cambridge. He was anxious to render still more service to the government, so early in the winter following he went to Bur- lington and began i-ecruiting Company B of the 17th Vermont when they organize(J the company he was elected Captain of the company and in April following, he waB ordered with his company to the front and were put into immediate action and was wounded June 3, 1864, and died ,Tune 19, from the wounds he received the 3rd of June, 1864. SECOND LIEUTENANT FRANK KENFIELD was promoted to 1st lieutenant. May -oth. 1863. Wounded July 3rd, 1863 at Gettys- burg. Discharged July 21st, 1863. He recruited a company for 17th Vermont. It was organized as Company C. At organization he was elected Captain of the company. Was wounded May .5th, 1864, at the battle of the Wilderness, second day of the fight. He was taken to Fredericksburg, Va., to Georgetown, Va. After a thirty days' furlow to come to Vermont he was captured July 30th. 1864: was taken prisoner at Petersburg, Va. Paroled March 1, 186.5. Discharged May 1.5th, 186.5. SECOND LIEUTENANT SIDNEY S. MOREY was very highly respected in Company E for so short acquaintance, as the time he was with the company allowed only a brief associating with him, being upon the march when he Joined the company from Company K, which seemed quite near to Company E in many respects. FIRST SERGEANT HENRY H. SMITH was elected 1st Sergeant at the company organization. September Sth, 1862, and served In that position until February 23rd. 1S63: was promoted Sergeant Major. Was killed July 3rd, 1863 in General Pickett's famous charge. He was second to no orderly in the 13th Vermont Regiment tor neatness and promptness in attending to business that came within his line of duty. He had to hurry up mornings as a rule to have roll-call In Company E as early as Company K. SECOND SERGEANT EDWIN H. REED was from the town of Cambridge, was highly respected. He died December 12th. 1862 of disease at Camp Vermont, and his remains were sent to Vermont for burial. THIRD SERGEANT HORACE H. COLE was from the town of Morrisville, served through his term of enlistment and mustered out July 21st, 1863; and died at Brattleboro in 1863, 534 /'''' Thirtmilli Ri-(/iiiu'iit ]'crinont I'oliintccrs FOURTH SERGEANT ORLO L. JUDSON was fioui the town of Stowe, served through his term of enlistment and was dis- charged at Brattleboro July '.'Ist. isr,;; nicd in Stowe. Juno L'Oth. 1904. FIFTH SERGEANT CARLOS E. CHENEY was from the town of Morristown, was promoted to 1st Sergeant and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in the Frontier Cavalry, was elected as Ist Lieutenant of Company M, Frontier Cavalry and mustered out June 27th, 1865. FIRST CORPORAL CHARLES H. MINER was from the town of Cambridge, mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted August 22nd, 1S64 in Company B, 1st Vermont Cavalry. Dischargi-d June 21st, 1865. SECOND CORPORAL JOSEPH S. COLLINS was from the town of Stowe, promoted to Sergeant llarch 1st, 1865. Wounded July 3rd. 1S63. Discharged July 21st. lSfi3. THIRD CORPORAL GEORGE W. HODGE was promoted to Sergeant, .March 1st, 1S63. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Now lives in Butte, Montana. FOURTH CORPORAL MOSES J. LEACH was from the town of Wolcott, was a valualjle addition and O. K. for neatness and promptness for duty and took more pains and gave the tactics more study than any other man in Company E, beneath the rank of commissioned officers and if necessity required he could have drilled either a company or a regiment. Mustered out on July 21st, 1863. FIFTH CORPORAL HIRAM C. WOOLCUTT was from the town of Morristown. Died January ISth, 1863, in the service at Fairfax Court House. The writer in company with Freeman R. Alexander, placed a board at his grave to mark it, the following day after his burial January 19th, 1863. SIXTH CORPORAL UNITE W. KEITH was from the town of Camliridge. .Mustered out July 21st, 1S63. Died March 22nd. 1892 at Cambridge. Vt SEVENTH CORPORAL HENRY C. PARSONS was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com- pany E. 17th Vermont. March Sth. 1865. Mustered out March 8. 1866. In after years he went- West, where he died in an insane asylum at Topeka. Kansas. April 24th, 1899. EIGHTH CORPORAL JOSEPH M. CHAPLIN was from the town of Morristown. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company C. 17th Vermont. October Sth, 1863. Wounded May 12th, 1864; taken prisoner July 30th, 1864. Paroled February 22nd, 1865. Dis- charged Julv 26th. 1865. CHANCEY C. PARCHER was a fifer from the town of Stowe. Died February l.'ith, 1S63. of disease. THADDEUS S. WHIPPLE was a drummer from the town of Cambridge. .Mustered out July 21st, 1863, is now- living at Underbill. Vt. ELI B. GILE was a bugler from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1S63. Biographical and Historical of Company E. 555 ORLO C. PERKINS was a bass drummer from the town of Stowe. Clustered out July 21st, 1S63. JOSHUA LUCE .was a wagoner from the town of Stowe. Discharged February 18th, 1863. Died June 9th, 1883. EPHRAIM E. ALLEN was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company D, 5th Vermont. August 21st, 1864. Mustered out June 19th, 1865. FREEMAN R. ALEXANDER was t"rom the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, ,1863. Died many years since at Cady Falls, Vt. SUMNER A. ANDREWS was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company F, Frontier Cavalry, January 4th, 1865. Mustered out June 27th, 1865. Died June 16th, 1905 at Johnson. HIAL ATKINS was from the town of Stowe. He served as a scout from Company E, part of the time while in Va. Mustered out July 21st. 1S63. Died at Stowe. November, 1905. VOLNEY C. BABCOCK was from the town of Stowe. Discharged November 27th, 1862. at Brattleboro, Vt., never left the State with the company. GEORGE W. BATCHELDER was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Lives at Underhill. Vt. EUGENE BELLOWS was .from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died at Eden twenty-five years ago or longer. CHARLES R. BUTTS was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com- pany M, Frontier Cavalry, January 4th. 1865. Promoted to Corporal, April 30th, 1865. Mustered out June 27th, 1S65. Resides at Minneapolis, Jlinn. LEMUEL PORTER BUTTS was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company D, August 18th, 1864. Discharged June 19th, 1865. Lives at No. Hyde Park, Vt., where he has been a resident for thirty-five years. E. DARWIN BUTLER was from the town of Cambridge. Wounded July 3rd, 1S63. Mustered out Julv 21st, 1863. GEORGE H. CADY was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Lived at Sutton, Companv M, 1st Vermont Cavalry, December 17th, 1863. Mustered out August 9th, 1865. ORSON S. CARR was from the town of Stowe. Killed in action July 3rd, 1863. SS*^ '^'"' 'I'liirtrottli Kccjiiiicnt J'riiiioiil J'oliintccrs DAVID A. CHESMORE was from the town of Jolmsoii; wiui W . -i . mii1.i1 hi Kansas. Reported dead. ORVILLE CHOATE was from the town of Morristown. Dischaised July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted In Company C. 17th Vermont. January Ist. 1,S(;4. Discharsed October 12th, 1865. LYMAN N. CHURCHILL was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Date of death un- known. SYDNEY C. CADY was from the town of CanilnidL;.'. .\l\isiir.cl din .liilv lilst, 1863. Lived at Sutton, Vt.. died 1908. EDWARD W. CLOUGH was from the town of Stowe; detailed as driver of team in ambulance corps. Dis- charged July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Morrisvillc. AMBROSE C. COLLINS was from the town of Morristown. .Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died April 9th, 1904 at Hyde Park. JONATHAN W. DANIELS was from the town of .Morristown. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July 21st, 1S63. Resides at Morrisville. JOHN M. DAVIS was from the town of Cambridge. Miistered out July 21st, 1863. Died May, 1903 at Chadwick, Carrol Co.. 111. DENISON M. DICKINSON was from the town of Cambridge, Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company A. 6th Vermont, March 1st, 1865. Mustered out June 26th, 1865. ORRIN H. DICKINSON was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company A, 6th Vermont March 1st, 1865. Mustered out June 26th, 1865. NATHAN DODGE was from the town of Johnson. Promoted to Corporal March l.'>th, lSt'.3. .Mustered out July 21st. 1863. Re-enlisted in Company E, 7th Vermont. March Sth. 1S65. Dis- charged March Sth. 1866. BARNEY S. FULLINGTON was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out .Inly 21st, 1803. Re-enlisted in Company M. 1st Vermont Cavalry January 2nd, 1S64. Transfered to Company F. June 21st, 1865. Mustered out August 9th. 1865. GEORGE M. FARRINGTON was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted as sub. August 11th, 1864. Transfered to Company M. 1st Vermont Cavalry. Discharged June 12th. 1865, for wounds received April 8th, 1865. LUKE P. FLEMMING was from the town of Cambridge, discharged .lune S, 1863. Located in the West. Biographical and Historical of Company E. 557 SIDNEY P. FRENCH was from the town of Cambridge. Detailed as nurse in hospital for Company E. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Cambridge. LEONARD C. FULLER was from the town of Stowe. Dif'd in tlie service May 27th, 1863. ORLANDO F. GERRY was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company C, 17th Vermont, September 23rd. 1863. Wounded May 6th, 1864. Mustered out July 14th, 1865. LEONARD GILLMORE was from the town of Stowe. Re-enlisted in Company C, 17th Vermont, February 27th, 1864. Absent in general hospital since April 18, 1864. No further record. RANSOM B. GOODELL was from the town of Morristown. Discharged February 15th, 1863. Died in Morristown. WILLIAM GOODELL was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted December 8th, 1863 in Company I, 11th Vermont. Transfered to Company A the 11th. Mustered out June 29th, 1865. Died August 30th, 1892 at Stowe. JOHN H. HALL was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, .1863. Re-enlisted in Company 0, 17th Vermont January 2nd, 1864. Killed in action June 20th, 1864. GEORGE G. HEBB was from the town of Cambridge. Died May 22nd, 1863 in the service. JOHN D. HITCHCOCK was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now in Cambridge. EDWIN W. HOLMES was from the town of Cambridge. Died in the service May 30th, 1863. HENRY H. HORNER was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now at Hyde Park. JOHN P. HULL was from the town of Cambridge. Tailor by trade in the Company. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died April 3rd, 1867. In Corning. Adams Co.. Iowa. GUERNSEY R. JORDAN was from the town of Westford. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com- pany B, 17th Vermont February 23rd. 1864. Killed in action April 2nd, 1865. WILLIAM KELLEY was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died about 1900. SAMUEL S. MARSHALL was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com- pany D, 5th Vermont January 12th, 1864. Killed in action May 6th, 1864. 558 The Tliiitct-iilli Rccjiincnt Vermont Volunteers ALMER H. MONTAGUE was from the town of Caiiibiidst'- Aliisteii'tl out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company M, 1st Veiniont Cavalry January 2nd, 1864. Proniolefl to Corporal March 1st, 1865. Transfen-d to Company K. .hine 21st. IKfi.',. .Mu.'ileii-d out August 9th. 1865. ANDREW H. MORGAN was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company E, 1st Vermont Cavalry. August l?.th, 1864.. Mustered out June 1st, 1865. HENRY E. MUDGETT was from the town of Johnson. .Mustered out .luly 21sl, 1S63. Resides now in Johnson. JOHN H. MUDGETT was from the town of .loliiison. Discharged .Inly 21st, 1863. Lost his life at the time of the btunins of a hotel at Morrisville. Deeeniher 13th, 1893. LOOMIS E. PAINE was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com- pany C, 17th Vermont October 13th. 1S63. Died August 7th, 1864. ORRIN D. PECK was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Lower Cabot, Vt. HENRY A. PIKE was from the town of Stowe. lJis 21st. ISt;:',. Died a few years The Historian of Company E, Henry E. Mudgett, out of extreme modesty, only mentions the name of his town and date of muster out, as will be seen, leaving his comrades no information as to his soldier life or as a citizen since the war. The Regimental Historian finds it a privilege to say that Comrade Mudgett was a con- scientious, faithful soldier, and discharged with care and promptitude every duty throughout his term of service. Nothing occurred that he did not observe and dot down in his unfailing storehouse of memory, and to-day, the incidents of camp, march, picket and battle, with day and date are readily called to mind. Not a survivor who can relate so well and fully the incidents of interest relative to the 13th Regiment while in the service. Our esteemed comrade during the great duel of cannonading between the two armies in the afternoon of the last day of battle just before General Stannard's charge against General Pickett's right flank, amidst the roar and carnage, deliberately calculated the number of explosions during each minute of time as coolly and accurately as if at his own fireside at home. Such was the peculiarity and bent of mind of this quite imique character. In civil life he has manifested the same original characteristics and ever sustained a good reputation at home and among his comrades and acquaintances. I am under great obligations to Comrade Mudgett for valuable information appertaining to the 13th Regiment, for which I am thankful. R. O. S., Historian. ll'DC.I'. C( iRXl'.lJl'S S. IWl.Mi-.k. l'iurlinL;tiin, \ t. LIEUT. AKXUIJJ C. ¥.\\. Deceasetl. 1906. ] listoriaii-^ ELI .\I':ES( )\ I'l-XK. I'.urliiigtin). \ 1. )f Co. E. i;,ili \'t. \\)ls. Biographical and Historical CO. F Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated to the sacred memory of Corporal Menry C. Russell, slain in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.. July 3rd. 1863. in the famous charge of the Second \'ermont Brigade against Gen- eral Pickett's right flank. Hioijniphicol and Historical of Coiiipaiiy B. 565 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY F. THE Richmond Company was recruited by the selectmen as provided liy the Gover- nor's order and the different towns with the nuniljer of men each of them furnished are as follows: Williston, 24 men; Jericho, 20 men; Underhill, 19 men; Huntington, 13 men; Essex, S men; Richmond, 7 men; Bolton, 6 men; St. George, 2 men; and Starksboro, one man; making a total of one hundred men. The Company lost three men, one by transfer and two were rejected by the medical examiner at Richmond, Vt. Three men enlisted into the Company before October 10, 1862, making up the loss, and was organized at Richmond, September 10th, 1862, by the election of ,John L. Yale, captain; Lucius H. Bostwick, first lieutenant; and Justin Naramore, second lieutenant. A hundred boys brought together from the farms, stores and shops of Chittenden County, all full of fun and frolic made Richmond a pretty lively place during our stay there. Yet I don't believe there was a low, dirty or mean act com- mitted, just simply boyish frolics, the overflow of youth, of which no doubt some ac- counts will appear in the personal sketches of the boys. The next Monday morning after the organization of the company the members assembled for duty and drill by the company oihcers. Some of the men that enlisted with the selectmen in .August had received Instructions in part one. School of the Soldier. October 10th we were mustered into the United States service and took our position as Company F, of the grand old l.jth Vermont Volunteers, where we were ever found thereafter, ready and willing to perform any and every duty required of us. Captain Yale was sick m the winter and fearing he would not be able to again command his company, he resigned. We were very sorry to part with him as he was well liked by all the regiment. Bostwick was promoted to captain, Naramore to first lieutenant, and your humble servant to second lieutenant; the boys very kindly presented me a fine sword and belt, which to- day holds a place of honor in our parlor, a constant reminder of the generous donors. In the spring Captain Bostwick, a model officer, a true gentleman well beloved by the entire regiment sickened and died. Thereafter Lieutenant Naramore had command of the Comnany, it being so near the close of our service no more promotions were made. Company F made very little history apart from the regiment, but when our train was captured at Camp Widow Violet, we as a company went down to the Ferry and out some five miles into Rebeldom to head off the rascals, but finding they were ahead of us and mounted, thought it useless to pursue further, as we had double quicked it most of the way out. we leisurely returned to camp without any particular incident. I should like to give personal sketches of the 101 members of the Company, but have neither the time or the ability to do them justice, of course there were 101 different characters and it would require the pen of a Dickens to eliminate them, but I will say we never lacked for sport nor any of the fruits to be found in the surrounding country. For liquids we generally looked to the Huntington boys and they seldom failed us, but the other boys soon caught on and whatever of good things the country afforded, Company F was pretty sure to have her share. I think we lost 8 members of our company by sickness; 7 discharged, and 2 killed at Gettysburg, making a total of 17 missing from our number, 10 of whom had answered their last roll call, giving their lives for country, all good and true men whom their comrades sadly mourned, and after these many years the comrades living feel it no disgrace to drop a tear to their memory. There are 61 who have responded to the last call since our return; having lived to see the glorious Union restored and its mighty advancement in all things that make a nation great and powerful. They departed with the consciousness that they had in some measure aided this great work. What more need be said of them? They were good soldiers and after their return good citizens and their names are written high on the nation's scroll of honor. There are according to our best information, 40 of the company yet living, many of whom, no doubt, have written personal sketches, which will probably appear in whole or in part in the forthcoming history. To these I will say the hand of greeting is ever extended to welcome to our humble home on the shore of beautiful Lake Champlain, any of you who may deign to give us a call. I thank you for the courtesy and kindness always shown me while tenting together on the old camp ground. My entire remarks apply to every mem- ber of Company F. I feel like old Mother Laport, she said she had ten children and not a black one among them. It is thus with Company F, 101 members and not a black one among them. Your names will undoubtedly appear at the head of the Company history to tell the future generations your deeds of valor; that when your country called you were not found wanting, l*ut staked your lives that the nation might live. Should other historians give their companies greater praise, do as you did of old — take it. Ever remember that your old orderly has a warm spot in his bosojii lor you and may Gods richest blessings Ije with you one and all. S^^i I lie 'riiirlrriilh h'ri/iiiiriil \',-niioni I'oluittccrs JOHN LYMAN YALE son of William L. and Adelia (Strong) Yale, was lioin in Charlotte. Vt., October 28. 1840. Educated in the Academies at Williston. Vt., and Watertown, N'. Y. Enlisted from Williston, Vt., under the call of August, 4. 1S()2. !)>• the i)resident and the gover- nor's order Number i:{, of August 13, 18B2. Hy direction of the selectmen acting as recruiting officer.s the volunteers from the several towns assembled at Richmond, Vt., September 10, ]8fi2, and after the meeting had been officially organized iiroceedcd to the election of officers. The Rev. Joseph Sargent, a volunteer from Williston, nominated .John I,. Yale for the office of captain and he was unanimously elected captain of the Richmond Company. .Xfter the election of the two lieutenants Captain Yale called the conii)any to order and after appro|)riate remarks, informed the com- pany that they were in the state service, under jjay and would be furnished with board and lodging at Ransoms hoti i and furloughed until .Monday morning next. The company assembled as ordered and commenced drilling. The company passed the medical examination by Dr. Knox fairly well. The line officers met at Montpelier, Vt.. Sep- tember 24. and elected Field Officers and the company was thereafter Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.. and left for Camj) Lincoln. Hrattleboro, Vt.. September 29. 1802. During our stay at Camp Lincoln the company passed the second examination by a United States sm-geon without any rejections. The many interesting incidents that took place here and during the regiment's i)assage to Washington will be told by others. While on Capitol Hill, death made its first entry into our ranks. At the regiment's first dress parade in Virginia at Camp Seward the company boys were pleased to see Colonel Rolla fJleason. of Richmond. Vt. The company received its first lesson in picket duty of four days time from I've of November first, 1862. The description of Camp Vermont and many incidents connected therewith will appear in the many personal sketches. At Union Mills the Company did duty at brigade headquarters, where some of the members received their first lesson working on a railroad. On the 12th of December the company left their log huts at Camp Vermont and camped in a pine grove near Fairfax Court House where it remained until January 20, 1863. The company was with the regiment in all of its actions while at Camp Fairfax. Two men died while in camp here. On account of continued illness. Captain Yale resigned, which was accepted February fi. 1S63, and taken home to Ver- mont by his father, who had taken care of him from the time of being taken sick. In July, ISiil commenced to recruit for Company K, ITth Vt. Inf: commissioned captain September 22, 1864. Mustered in Octol)er 8. 1864; mustered out of the service July 14. 186.5. Married Effie J. Lewis, of Williston, Vt.. April 1. 186.-,. Five children have been born to them. Has been in the lumber business a large portion of the time in Burlington. Vermont. Now resides at Bedford. Mass. LUCIUS HOYT BOSTWICK Only son of Julius Hoyt and Columbia (Chadwicki Hostwick was born September 24, 1837, at Jericho, Vt. Mr. and Mrs. Bostwick were married at Cambridge. Vt., Novem- ber 26, 1833. Their only daughter, Mary C. born September 23, 1835, married Samuel M. Walton. May 3(i, 1860. and now resides in Montpelier, Vt. Lucius H. Hostwick was a student at Burlington High School and the seminary at Fort Edward, N. Y. After which he taught school and then was associated with his father in the care of a large farm, banking and speculating, he was universally respected by his fellow citizens for his sterling worth and patriotism, a devoted churchman, taking part in the ser- vices in the absence of a rector at Calvary Episcopal church at Jericho, Vt. When the call came for volunteers in July and August. 1862, both father and son were active in helping the selectmen to fill the town quota, generously offering $uO and the son's bounty of $50 to the next ten men that should enlist. The selectmen of the several towns having complied with the Governor's order No. 13. of August 13, 1862. the vol- unteers of said towns assembled at Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862, and with the Hon. E. D. Mason, as presiding officer, proceeded to organize the Richmond company by the election of officers. This company was assigned as Company F. 13th Regiment of Vermont Volunteers Infantry. Lucius H. Bostwick was elected first lieutenant: promoted to captain .^Larch 3, 1863. A good soldier, a model officer. On account of continued illness it became necessary for him to resign, which was accepted June 3, J863. He was taken from camp to a hotel in Washington. D. C. and later to a private family (a Mr. Prentice) by his mother, who tenderly cared for him through his illness. His father reached Washington the day before his death which occurred June 4, 1S63. Together they took him to his old home in Jericho. Vt., where a last farewell was taken by his iiiany friinds. The funeral services were held in the same ehnrch where he had so often attended. His body was taken to Montpelier, Vt., and placed in Green Moimt Cemetery. The father and mother soon after his death removed to Montpelier and made their home with their daughter, Mrs. Mary C. Walton. Madam Bostwick. bom November 14. 1S14, &wA of tyi>hotd fever October 14. 1880. Mr. Bostwick bora June 10. 1805, died of old age February, ISSV; both of them were buried in Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. Bi(i(jra[^liiciil and H isfurical of (.'njiipaiiv [■ . 567 JUSTIN NARAMORE son of Hawley A. and Fanny Martin Naramore, was born in Underliill, Vt., July 4, 1S40. Kducaied m me common scnoois and Academy ot liis native town. Eniistea under tlie call lor nine months' men and was elected second lieutenant ot the Rich- mond Company, September 10, 1S62, at Richmond, Vt.. which became Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., September 24, 1862. The company history has been written by others and only a tew tacts remain to be noted. Upon the resignation of Captain Bostwick June 3, 1S63, the command of the company devolved upon me as first lieutenant. The company ot luu men increastd by one rtcruit January 1, ISuS, making 101 men, was reduced to S7 men iVIay 31, 1S63, as shown by the monthly report of that date on file at Montpelier, Vt. It is impossible to give account of the company's record because the company morning report book is not available for reference as it ought to be. Every man who was a member of the company has a right to see the book. The company's record will compare favorably with the other companies of the regiment as to age, physical ability and military discipline. When the order that assigned the brigade to the First Army Corps came, the cori]S was at Edward's Ferry, en route to Barnesville, Md.; this was sufficient to show that a rapid march was necessary in order to join the corps. The Company left camp in heavy marching order but the order w'as soon changed. Many incidents occured on this march which indicated the individual idea of a soldier's duty to himself and country. That the march of an average 18 miles a day for seven days in the rain, would be a severe test on the men. was expected, and their ability to fight not improved, but General Stannard reported that the "Officers and men behaved like veterans." I am certain that the patriotism of the men of the company who staid on the firing line during the battle, was not tainted with commercialism. Others have written of the company's doings and the return to Vermont for muster out. Company reached Richmond on the morning of July 23, and was given a royal welcome by the citizens, and broke ranks, and went to their homes. Twenty-five members of the company entered the service in defense of their country the second time. The seven men who left the company because of physical disability never fully recovered. Several of the men were mustered out, ■were physically unfit for military duty. Lieutenant Naramore commanded the com- pany during its period of history, making and well earned the rank of a captain. He married Jennie Metcalf of Underbill. Vt.. November 15, 1864, and followed the rail- roading business most of the time in New Jersey and the South. Died at his home in Philadelphia. Pa.. February 27. 190S. and was buried in Arlington Cemetery, Lansdown, Pa., leaving a family of a wife, tliree sons and two daughters. ARNOLD C. FAY was born March 4th, 1840. in Essex, Vt., the son of Nathan and Polly (Colby) Fay, the grandson of Nathan and Mary (Safford) Fay. Nathan then a boy of 17 was in the battle of Bennington, his father, John, was killed in said battle, and his father, Stephen, was owner of Catamount Tavern, the headquarters of the Aliens and other liatriots during that stormy period. Was reared on the farm at Fay's Corners, in Rich- mond, attending the common school, also the academy at Underbill and Williston. In August, 1862, enlisted in what proved to be Company F, 13th Vermont, organized at Richmond September lUth. from the towns of Bolton, Underbill. Jericho, Essex Willis- ton. Huntington and Richmond. J. L. Yale was captain and as good a lot of boys as ever went out in the defense of our country. The story of our marches, picket duty and fighting will be told by better pens than mine, also the scenes of fun and frolic and rest assured that Company F was always there. We lost by sickness several fine fellows, among them Captain Bostwick, as fine a gentleman as the regiment mustered. Reared in luxury, the hardships of campaigning and camp life were more than his constitution could endure. Corporals Russell and Baldwin answered the last roll call at Gettysburg, and in a few years more the last one of the grand old regiment will have been mustered out. I was first sergeant at the organization of the Company, promoted to second lieutenant March 3rd, 1863, and mustered out with the regiment. During the following year was most of the time in recruiting service. In August, 1864 again enlisted and helped to recruit Company K. 17th Vt. Inf.. and was commissioned first lieutenant September 22. 1864. date of the company organization and was sent to New Haven, Conn, soon after. Mustered into the service October 8. 1864. and went to the regiment as soon as the rolls were ready, reaching the regiment and brigade October 27, 1864, which was then stationed in front of Petersburg. It had suffered severely in its seven months' service and our company numbered as many as were there present for duty. Guard and picket duty kept us pretty busy through the winter. The regi- ment was in the grand charge April 2nd. finding tort Mahone too big a mouthful for us. After several attempts we lay down and chewed on it till next morning when we w-ent over it and into Petersburg, howling: took breakfast without any special invita- tion in General Pryor's dining room. We then follow-ed up Lee and were at Burkeville at the final collapse; returned to City Point, thence to Alexandria, Va., where we 5^iX I lie 'ihirtcciith l^r(/iiiiriit W-nnmit I'oluiitccrs iiMiiaiiK'd till after the grand review. I was In coniniand of Company A during most of my service in the 17th. Was promoted hrevi t captain April 2, ISti'., for meritorious conduct in charge on Fort Mahone. Promoted captain of Company D June 2(i. lS6r>. Mustered out as first lieutenant of Company K. The regiment was mustered out July 14, 1865; reached Hurlington, Vt.. on the isili; paid off on the 24th of July and dis- persed to their homes. In Xoveniber, 18(;.'), my brother who had k» rved in a New York regiment, and myself, bouglit a farm in Irasburg, Vt., and in October, 1866 1 was married to Helen M. Webster, of St. Albans. We sold out in the fall of 1868, and bought the farm on which I now live in Milton on the Lake Shore and between fishing and farming manage to eke out a fair living. The door latch is always out and we are more than glad to greet any of the old comrades. In 1881 my wife died and in 1883 1 married Flora J. \\ iliiams, of Richmond, \ t. We have never been blessed with any childreti of our own, but have endeavored to make ui> for that by helping others and making as much sunshine in life as possible. I have held the office of lister, selectman, and represented the town in the legislature of 1890, commander of Reynolds Post No. .'>9, Department of Vermont, G. A. R.. in 1904. and in closing, will say. God bless all the old 13th boys. Died at his home March 17, 1907, after a short illness, burial in Miltoi', Vt. LUCIUS M. BOOTH son of Samuel C and Eunice Woodworth Hooih was born in Essex, Vt.. in 1841. Edu- cated in the common schools and Academy of my native town. In September, 1861, I went as cajitain's waiter in Company 1, 6th Vt. Vols., and returned home in March, 1862. Enlisted from Essex, September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Int.; ap- pointed corporal and promoted to first sergeant March 3, 1863. I was always ready for duty when the company or re.giments had anything to do. Was with the com- pany in Dunifrie's raid and the entire Gettysburg campaign. Mustered out July 21, 1863, since which time I have followed the lumber business in Essex, Vt., Canada, Michigan and Illinois. Married Jennie A. Hand, of Colchester, Vt., October 4, 1864, and by this union four children have been born to us, two sons and one daughter are now living. Residence 2820 Hermitage Ave., Chicago. 111. JOHN B. ELLIS son of John and Katherine (Bunker) Ellis, was born at Huntington Center, Vt., Octo- ber 12, 1823. Educated in the common schools. Occupation a farmer. Married Sylvia Gotham October 23. 1844. Enlisted from Huntington September 10, 1862, in Company F, loth Vt. Vol. Int.. and mustered into the service as second sergeant October 10, 1862; was with the company in all of its actions. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Again married in October, 1889, to Julia Farr. One son and three daughters were born to him. Died March 14, 1896, and was buried in Huntington, Vt. JOSEPH H. SMITH son of Nathan and Lucy (Hall) Smith, was born in Jericho, Vt., September 12, 1822. Educated in the common schools. Married Mary Hall December 8, 1842. Enlisted from Bolton, Vt.. September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a sergeant October 10, 1862. Sergeant Smith's first night on picket, which was also the company's first picket duty, after an all day's march, leaving Hunting Creek Hay soon after siindown, the last of the company, a sergeant, two corps, and one private reached their post on the corner of a road crossing the Tele- graph road at the Mason farm, southeast of Vernondale, Va., about 2 o'clock a. m., November 2nd, 1862. A sharp fight was on southwest of us. and the roar, rattle and smoke, caused us some anxiety. The experienced orderly from General Casey's staff who placed us on duty, staid with us a short time, soon after he left the corporals rolled up in their blankets; this made the private anxious of course. The sergeant says go and get some of the dry brush and throw it down here and then smash it down and cover it with dry leaves, while 1 cut some green boughs and soon the private was rolled up in his rubber sheet, enjoying his bed of brush, leaves and boughs, while the sergeant did picket duty, sitting on a root at the foot of a tree, smoking his pipe as happy an any soldier could be. Soon the sergeant and private changed jobs, the officer took the ready made bed and the private shouldered his musket, and did picket duty, having learned that soldiers who wore stripes on their arms were exempt from guard duty. Sergeant Smith knew how to live a soldier's life on the tented field in active service. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Occupation a farmer. Died at his home in Bolton, Vt., November 21, 1S91; burial in West Bolton, Vt. NORMAN J. ROYCE enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862. at the age of 33 years. Mustered into the service as a sergeant in Company F. I3th Vt. Vol. Inf., October 10, 1862. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died at Holyoke, Mass., date unknown. Biographiiiil and tlistorual of Coinpanx F. 569 HIRAM SHATTUCK enlisted from Huntington, Vermont. September 10, 1862, at the age of 37 years, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service as a sergeant October 10. 1862. Served as Drum Major until promoted second lieutenant of Company D, June 4, 1863. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died; date unknown. LONDUS FULLINGTON TERRILL son of Asaph L. and Ruth i Fulliiij;toiu Ttrrill, was born in ruderhill, Vt., April 13, 1837. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of Underbill and in Barre Academy. He taught school four winters. Enlisted from Underhill September 10, 1862, and appointed first corporal in Company F, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and with it participated in all of its actions and in the battle of Gettysburg. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Was postmaster at Underhill from 1868 to 1879. Was town representative and has held various other town offices, a director of the Burlington & Lamoille Railroad many years, senator from Chittenden county in 1888. He was a member of Post 10 in Cambridge until L. H. Bostwick Post 69 was organized in 18S3, of which he was the first commander. A delegate from Ver- mont to the National Encampments held in 1882-3 and 4. Since the war has been a mer- chant in Underbill until 1898, and then w^as in a jobbing business at Jericho to 1902. Married at Lowell, Mass., in 1860 to Miss Susan A. Fernald. Four sons were born to them; three are now living. Mrs. Terrill was the first president of the Woman's Relief Corps in Underhill, Vt. She died in 1901, loved and respected by all who knew her. Comrade Terrill was a member of the 13th Vermont Regimental Association, Vermont Officers' reunion society, and the Congregational Church at Jericho. Married again in Wakefield, Massachusetts, where he resided until his death, which occurred December 1.0, 1907, -iji-, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Mass. Funeral services and burial were held'^'St Underhill. Vt., December 12, 1907. GEORGE P. BURNHAM son of George and Abigal P. (Bui^lli Hurnham, was born in Burlington, Vt.. July 1, 1827. Educated in High School, Detroit. Mich. Occupation a farmer. Married Abigal Pierce February 3. 18.53, two sons and one daughter were born unto them. En- listed from Huntington, Vermont, September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died June 13, 1873, and was buried aS Huntington, Vermont. OSCAR F. PHELPS enlisted from Wllliston, Vt., September 10, 1862. at the age of 27 years, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.. and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at Williston, Vt., February 3, 1898. LOREN P. BENTLEY enlisted from Jericho, Vt.. September 10. 1862, at the age of 24 years, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862, and mus- tered out of the service as a private July 21. 1863. Now resides in New Bedford, Mass. JOHN C. WHITE enlisted from Underhill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 38 years, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862. Died of pneumonia at Camp Fairfax, Va., January 13, 1863. HENRY C. RUSSELL enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862. at the age of 30 years in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862, and assigned to duty with the regimental colors. Killed July 3, 1863, at Gettysbiirg. just before the regiment made the flank attack on Pickett's charging columns. After the regiment returned to its place in the line, the body of Corporal Russell was buried on the field by his company comrades, and the grave marked by a head-board prepared by Corporal B. F. Brown. After the Company had been mustered out and returned to Richmond, Vt., Private Amos Brown went to Gettysburg and removed the body of Corporal Russell for its final resting place. 5/0 'J In- 'I'hirlcciith Ncf/iincnl I 'cniuml I 'oluiitccrs HOLLIS P. TOMLINSON son of Eliphlet and .Mary (Stiei'ter) Tonilinson was Ijoiii in Kden. Vt.. August 30. ISIi.'j. Educated in the loninion schools. lOnlisted from Holton, \'l., September IM, ]86:i, and mustered into the service as a corporal Octoljer 10. 1862. Was with the regiment in all of its actions. .Mustered out .lul.v 21, \m:'>. Married .Jennie Wade February 22, 1866. and by this union six children have been born to them. Occupation a farmer. Resi- dence, West Bolton, Vt. HALL WOODWORTH son of Lysander and Martha (Cilii Wood worth, was born in Essex. Vt., July 22, 1845. Educated in the common schools. Occupation a farmer. Enlisted from Essex Sep- tember 10. 1862, as a musician in Company F, i:Uh Vt. Vol. Inf. .Mustered into the service October 10, 1S62; on duty with his company until taken sick. Died of typhoid lever at the brick hotel luiildius used as a regimental hosjiital. Fairfax Court House, Va., January 9, 1863. liody sent home and buried in the cemetery at Essex Center, Vt. Young Woodworth's death was the second to occur in the company, an only son. leaving father, mother and five sisters to mourn his loss. FRANCIS VOLTAIRE RANDALL, JR. son of Francis V. anil Caroline E. (Andrews) Randall, was born in Montpelier, Ver- mont. April 3, 18.")1. On my father's side the ancestors were of Welsh descent. My grandfather served in the War of 1812. My grandmother. Laura Warner, was a de- scendant of Seth Warner, of Revolutionary War fame. My father within one month after the firing on Fort Sumter left his profession as lawyer in Washington County, recruited and drilled a company of which he was chosen captain and assigned as Company F, 2nd Regiment, Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service of the United States June 20, 1861. and left the state June 24th. I went with father to Washington. The regiment went over into Virginia and commenced its history, making captain Randall become a colonel by promotion. September 24. 1862. and assutned command of the 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., which was mustered into the service of the United States October 10, 1862. Young Randall's introduction to the men of the regiment was under the title of "Jinimie." son of the colonel. Jimmie was given much attention by the young members who always sympathized with him in his boyish fun and frolic, also because of his being without the influence of a good mother, home and the schoolroom. Young Randall enlisted and was mustered as a musician January 1st, 1863, and as- signed to duty as a drummer iii Company F. While the regiment was in camp near the Occoquan he had several narrow escapes from being captured by bushwhackers while carrying dispatches. Was personally thanked by General Stannard for staying on the field at Gettysburg. Mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. .Again enlisted from Montpelier, Vt.. January .S, 1864. and mustered in March 3. 1864 as a musician in Company E. 17th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. The company left the state with the batallion .April IS. 1864. and reached .Alexandria on the 22nd, and was assigned to second brigade, second division of the Ninth .\rmy Corps. The regiment joined the brigade .Ajiril 2.5th, and started on the 27th of .\pril. 1S64. for the Wilderness battlefield. .Mustered out July 14, 186.5. Have followed various occupations since I left the service. Married and have a daughter, Rowena M. Randall. Now reside at West Medwav, Mass. FREDERICK A. SLATER son of Augustus and Laura D. (Littlefiekl) Slater, was l)orn in Essex, Vt.. .\ugust 10, 1843. I was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools and Essex .Aca- demy. Enlisted from Essex, Vt.. September 10. 1862. as fifer in Company F. 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10. 1862. and was with regiment in all of its duties. At Gettysburg the bursting of a shell so close to my ear caused total deafness of the left ear. Mustered out of the service July 21. 1863, and re-enlisted December 24, 1863, as fifer in Company 1, 6th Regt.. Vt. Vol. Inf., and joined the regiment at Brandy Station, Va.. and was with the regiment in all its engagements luitil mus- tered out June 26. 186.5. Married Miss Cynthia S. Chappell at Wayland, Mich.. .April 10. 1867. By this union eight children have been born to us of whom six are living. I have served 20 years as township clerk of Royalton township, Ohio, secretary of Masonic Lodges for several years here, also quartermaster of Baxter Post No. 238, G. A. R., about 15 years. .A manufacturer of harnesses and dealer in horse goods and carriage trimmings at Lyons' Ohio. THOMAS J. LEE enlisted from Williston, Vt . at the age nf 21 years. Septemli(>r 10. 1S62. as a wagoner in Company F, 13th VI. Vol. Inf.. on duty with the regiment at all of its movements. Bioi/nipliical and Historicul nf Coinpanv P. 571 Mustered out of service July 21, 1S63. Occupatiou a carriage maker and with his family lives in South Manchester, Conn. JAMES J. AMBLER was born in Huntington, Vt., Xoveniber Hi. 1832. Enlisted from his native town Septem- ber 10, 1S62, as private. Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Clustered in October, 10, 1862, was with the company in all of its engagements. Mustered out July 21, 1863, and went West soon after. A mechanic by occupation, author of several good songs. Died at Wapello, Iowa, February 23. IHI).',. leaving three children. ALBERT B. ATCHINSON enlisted from Underbill. Vt.. September 10, 1862, at the age of IS years, as a private. Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1S62. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Resides at Eastford, Conn. REUBEN M. BABCOCK son of Selah and Prudence B. (Buxton) Babcock, was born in Jericho. Vt.. June 30, 1843. Educated in the common schools, a farmer's only son. Enlisted from Jericho, September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Died of Typhoid pneumonia January 29, 1863, at the brick hotel, branch of Green Mountain Post Hospital. Fairfax Court House, Va. lUiried in Church Street cemetery. Jericho, Vt. GEORGE L. BALDWIN son of Charles G. and Rachel (Downer) Baldwin, was born in Williston, Vt., March 9, 1S40. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupation. Married Lucy Cooley August 28, 1862. Enlisted from his native town September 10th, 1862 as a private, Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Promoted to corporal March 3. 1863. Seriously wounded during the cannonade on the afternoon of July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa., and was carried to the rear by his company comrades. Died July 30, 1863, of wounds received July 3, 1863, and is buried in the national cemetery at Gettysburg. HARMON H. BALLOU enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 32 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was discharged February 28, 1863, for disability. Died in 1893. WILSON A. BENTLEY son of Shelley and Abigal (Stevens) Bentley, was born in Jericho, Vt., May 5, 1841. Educated in the common schools of his native town, from which he enlisted Septem- ber 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and performed faithful service in defense of his country until he died of typhoid fever, .June 25, 1862, in a hospital at Alexandria, Va., and was buried in the national cemetery of that city. JULIUS BLISS born in Jericho, Vt., April 1.5. 1833. Educated in the common schools. Occupation a farmer. Married Helen A. Balch, and by this union four children have been born to us. Enlisted September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteer Infantry, leaving a wife and two children, which was the hardest battle I fought. Mustered in October 10, 1862, and was with my company always ready for duty when called on; was in the seven days' march to Gettysburg and in the battle, being slightly wounded in Pickett's charge. I did my whole duty, and was mustered out of service at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863; re-enlisted and was rejected. A charter member of Post 4, G. A. R., Morrisville. Followed farming with fair success and am now living with my son on a large farm in Morrisville, Vermont. GEORGE S. BLISS enlisted (rom Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 19 years, as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10. 1862, and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Educated in the common schools ard Essex Academy. Resides at 190 June St., Worcester, Mass. 5/2 The riurtc.'iilh Rcgiincut I'cnnoiil i'olunlccrs CASSIUS M. BOOTH second son ot Samuel C and Eunice (Wood worth) Booth, was born in Essex, Vt., August 7, 1843. Educated in the common schools and Academy of Essex. Enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, Kith Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in the service of the United States with the regiment at Urattleboro, Vt., October 10. 1862. He was a i)erson liking excitement and as a soldier preferred active duty rather than staying in cam)). An expert forager he had many close calls in borrowing from the enemy or their friends, when rations were short or a need of changing the diet. Scouting in the enemy's co\intry is always considered hazardous duty. Private Hooth was taken quite sick at Camp Occoquan and refused to go to a Hospital and requested to be allowed to remain in quarters, which was granted and he was soon able to do light duty. .lune 2.'Jth when the regiment started on the Gettysburg campaign being convalescent was detailed as guard to the wagon train, obeyed orders and performed the duty in a faithful manner as any good soldier would. .Mustered out with the regiment at Hrattleboro. Vt., July 21. 186.3. Again entered the service, enlist- ing October, 1864, as ordinary seaman in the Volunteer Navy, Mississii)pi Squadron, under Commodore Foote, was assigned to duty on the gunboat (ieneral Thomas of the Upper Tennessee Fleet, of which Captain Gilbert Morton was commander; was pro- moted to ijay master steward and acting in the capacity of assistant paymaster on the gunboat. Officer Hooth was in all of the engagements that the gunboat General Thomas took part in. Captain Morton highly complimented Officer Booth for his coolness and braveiy in action, valuable service as a volunteer scout, and meritorious conduct during his term of service. Honorably discharged from the naval service June 25, 1865. Married Miss Julia Hunt, of Essex. Vt., November 21, 1865. A member of Sherman Post 86, G. A. R. A faithful official in the Customs service tor many years, he was serving as deputy collector in charge of the port at Alburg. Vt., at the time of his death which occurred June 24. 1903. .Mr. Booth leaves a wife and daughter living at the village home at Essex Junction and two sons that reside in Burlington, Vt. Funeral exercises of Cassius M. Booth were held on the afternoon of June 26, 1903, in the Congregational church at Essex Junction, Vt., there being a large attend- ance of friends, relatives, members of his Post, delegation from Stannard Post G. A. R., and Custom House officials from Burlington, The services at the grave in the village cemetery were in charge of R. S. Sherman. Post, G. A. R. ISAAC N. BROOKS son of Christopher and Mary (McColum) Brooks, was born in Richmond. Vt.. Novem- ber 8, 1845. Educated in the common schools and Underbill Academy. Enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a .private in Company F,.13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mus- tered into the service October 10, 1862:- Died at the regimental hospital on Capitol Hill, Washington, D. C, October 28, 1862, of typhoid fever, the first death in the company and the regiment. His death caused much sadness among his company com- rades, who realized that rebel bullets were not the only enemy they had to contend with in their defense of the nation. Private Brooks was a good soldier and gave his young life in defense of his country before he had reached his seventeenth birthday. The body w-as sent to his family and friends and buried in the cemetery at Underhill, Vermont. AMON BROWN enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, ]S62, at the age of 20 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Was with the company and regiment in all of its actions and engagements during its term of service. Mustered out July 21. 1S63. Last known residence, Montreal, P. Q. BERTRAM F. BROWN born in Essex, Vt., Decemlier 5. 1839. My part^nts moved to Fletcher, Vt., aljout 1848. on to a farm where I lived until 19 years of age, and then went to Cambridge to learn the carriage maker's trade. In the spring of 1862 I went to Williston and opened a shop with John L. Yale. Enlisted from here as private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. September 10, 1862, at Richmond, Vt.. where we were drilled in the school of a soldier until September 29th, 1862, on which date the companies of the regiment rendezvoused at Brattleboro, Vt. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862; reached Washington, D. C, on the 13th; camped on Capitol Hill and while here reviewed by Generals Banks and Casey. From this time until mustered out I was with the company in all of its guard and picket duty at every camp and on every march made. Promoted to corporal June 20, 1863. At" the battle of Gettysburg we arrived at Cemetery Hill on the afternoon of July 1st. 1863. The next day while supporting a battery on Cemetery Hill a solid shot after killing one artilleryman and horses, buried itself in the ground Biographical and Ilislorica! of Company P. 573 between Lieutenant Naramore and myself. July 3, during the heavy artillery fire before the charge, Corporal Baldwin, one of my tentmates, was wounded by a shell within two feet of me, while we were lying on the ground. I helped to carry him back to a barn used as a hospital and never saw him again. After the battle we had two hard days' march. We took the cars at Monocacy Junction for Baltimore, M!d. Mustered out July 21, 1S63 and went to Cambridge, Vt., and went to work at my trade. Was married to Olive E. Stearns March 22, 1S64, five children were born to us; lived here six years and then bought a farm in Brookfield, Vt., where I now live. Mrs. Brown died here February 13. 1902, leaving three children, Wm. E. Brown, ot Burlington, Rollin H. Brown, of White River Jet., Vt., and Hattie M., who lives with me at the family home. North Williston. Vermont. BUEL BURT enlisted from St. George, Vt., at the age of 44 years, Sept. 10, 1S62, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in with the company and mustered out July 21, 1S63. Died at the home of his son, Norman Burt, May 11. 1S94. LINUS BURT enlisted from St. George, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 18 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21. 1863. A mechanic by occmmtion, and with his family now lives at 54 Mechanic St., W^estfield, Mass. JESSE P. CHIPMAN enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10. 1862, at the age of 21 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1863, and again enlisted July 26, 1864 and mustered into the service as second sergeant of Company K, 17th Vt. Vol. Inf., August 22, 1864, and out of service July 14, 1865. Now resides at Friend, Saline Co., Nebraska. MYRON D. CUTTING enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1S62, at the age of 21 years as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted August 11, 1864, for one year in Company K, 7th Vt., Vol. Inf., and mustered out August 18, 1865. Resides at Starksboro, Vermont. ALONZO J. DOUGLASS son of Joseph and Alma (Hall) Douglass, was born January 5. 1841, in Richmond, Vt. Educated in the common schools. Enlisted from his native town September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service with the company. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Mary E. Edwards February 17th, 1880. A farmer by occupation. Residence, Morrisville, Vt. CARLOS C. DOUGLASS enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 18 years, as a private in Company F, ,13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Detailed as officer's orderly. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Died in Washington, D. C, about 1905. TIMOTHY DRINKWATER enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 34 years as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died at Worcester Center, Vt., February, 1901. PETER DUBIA enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 25 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at Bethel, Vt., in 1898. CHARLES HOWARD DUNTON born in North Underbill, Vt., in 1844, and enlisted from Underbill September 10, 1862. In February, 1863, at Wolf Run Shoals I suffered a severe attack of pneumonia. After six weeks in camp hospital Dr. Nichols thinking quick consumption would ensue, a 374 11'^' Tliirlrt-iilli Kci/iiiu-iil ]'criiu>nt I'cituittccrs dischai-Ke was grantid Marcti 17. l.sO.i. Prepared lor college at New Haiiiploii liislilu- tioii. Fairlax, \ t., Graduated from I'liiversity of Vernioiu in IS'iU, and took a post graduate work for one year at Hoston University. I then entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, and joined Troy Conference. 1 wan stationed for two years in .Manchester where 1 was superintendent of schools. In 1874 was appointed teacher of mathematics in Troy Conference Seminary. In 1877 became princi- pal of that institution. In 1897 resigned tliis position and became county examiner for Rutland county. Spent the school year of 1899-1900 as dean of Clafiin I'niversity, Soutli Carolina, In 1900 was recalled to the principalshij) of Troy Ccnference Academy, and am now holding this position. For nine years ending 1892 was slate examiner of Normal schools. In 1881 a representative of Vermont in the Inte --State Kducational Convention at Louisville, Ky, In 1898 representative of the town ol Poultney in state legislature. Commander of ,loyce Post No, 49, Driiartmeiit of Vermont, G. A. K. 190G-7-8. Hesidence Poultney, Vt. HORACE L. ELLSWORTH son of Aaron and Roana (Klmer) Kllsworth, was born in Cambridge, Vt., May 1st, 1839. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupation. Married Sarah C. Sheridan .January 12, 1862. Enlisted from Underhill, Vt., September 10, 1862. and mustered into the service as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 186.3, Died May 16, 1909, and buried :it Pleasant Valley, Vt., leaving a wife and son, JOSEPHUS ELLSWORTH son of Aaron and Roana (Elmer) Ellsworth, was born in Cambridge, Vt.. May 6th, 1842. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupation. Enlisted from Underhill. Vt., Sejitember 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Int, Mustered in October 10, 1862, Wounded at Gettysburg; mustered out July 21. 1863. .Again enlisted August 31, 1864, in Company A, 2nd Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out June 19, 1865. Married Ellen P. Dickinson November 26, 1863, and by this union lour sons and one daughter have been born to them. Died at his home in Cambridge, Vt.. Octolier 1, 1892, and is buried at Pleasant Valley, Vt. JAMES N. GATES enlisted from Essex, Vt,, Septtnibtr 19. I8tj2. at the age of 19 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service October 10, 1862. He was with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. DwA at his home in Essex, Vt., April 13, 1903. DANIEL GORTON enlisted from Huntington, Vt.. September lo, 1862, at the age of 27 years, as a private in Company F. 13th Vt, Vol, Inf,, and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at his home in Hunt- ington, Vt,, -August 1, 1S91, MORRIS L, GRIFFIN son of Jasper and Parmelia (Holti Griffin, was born in Jericho, Vt.. October 28. 1842. Educated in the common schools, enlisted from Jericho as a private in Company F, 13lh Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Was with the regi- ment in all of its duties until mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Margaret Peverly September IS. 1871, and by this union two children have been born to us. Occupation a sash and blind manufacturer. Resides at Westford, N. Y. HARMON HALL son of Asher and Hope (Lyman) Hall, was born in Bolton, Vt.. March 24, 1830. Edu- cated in the common schools and Underhill Academy. Married Aiuia Seeley, March .">, 1851, and by this union four sons and a daughter were born to them. A farmer by occupation. Enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10. 1862. and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Difrt July 7. lS7.'i. and l)uriPd at West Bolton, Vt, CHARLES A, HARPER enlisted from Williston, Vt„ September 10. 1862, at the a.ge of 20 jears, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt, Vol, Inf, Mustered into the service October 10. 1862, and served with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Died in San Francisco, Cal., January 11. 1904. Bioijrapliifdl and Jlisforiral of Ci^iiipany F. 575 JOHN F. HARPER enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 24 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Served as company cook a portion of the term of service. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Occupation a groceryman. Resides at 592 Pawtucket Ave., Pawtucket, Rhode Island. NELSON HARPER enlisted from Williston, Vt., SeiittnilxrT ](i, 1802, at the age of 21 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was on duty with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted from Morristown, Vt., July 28, 1864 as a private in 2nd Vermont Battery. Light Artillery. Mustered out of service July 31, 1865. A member of Henry Post 27, G. A. R. Died at Chester, Vt., August 29, 1887. ALFRED W. ISHAM son of Milton and Julia Isham, enlisted at the age of 21 years fmm Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Occupation fruit grower in Ventura, California. MILTON E. ISHAM son of Milton and Julia Ishani, enlisted from Williston, Vt., at the age of 18 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.. on September 10, 1862. Mustered into the service October 10. 1862, and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Occu- pation fruit grower in Ventura, California. JOHN W. JACKSON son of William and Laura (Williams) Jackson, was born in I'nderhill. Enlisted from Underbill, September 10, 1862, at the age of 19 years, as a private In Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July"21, 1863. Again entered the service August 25, 1864, as a private in Company A., 2nd Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered out of service June 19. 1865. A farmer by occupation. Married and died at Underbill Center, Vt., May 12, 19oi. •- -. '/ ■' '• NATHAN JOHNSON born in Jericho, Vt.. in 1844. Enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, on detached duty most of the time. Mustered out, and again enlisted December 15, 1863, in Company E, 1st Vt. Cav., and discharged Jlay 5. 1865, for disability. Married and occupation lumber business. Died January 4, 1S70, and buried in Williston, Vt. THOMAS JOHNSON born in the parish of MuIIin, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1827. He came to this country in 1837 and the family settled in Williston, Vt. Unmarried: he made his home with his sister, the late Mrs. Maurice Sullivan, in Willislon, Vt. .Occupation a farmer. Enlisted October 9, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. V'ol. Inf. Mustered in with the regiment and was on detached duty as an orderly a largt portion of his term of service. He spent several years in the West and Burlington, Vt. A good soldier and citizen: an honest man wlio had the respect of his feliow men. Died February 4, 1908, and the funeral services were in St. Mary's Cathedral, with burial in St. Joseph's cemetery, Burlington, Vt. GEORGE W. JONES enlisted from Huntington. Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 29 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out with the regiment July 21. 1863. Died, date unknown. LAWRENCE KELLEY born December 3, 1836, and enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10, 1862. and was with the regiment in all of its movements. Wounded at Gettysburg, and mustered out July 21, 57^ J lie Thiitcciith h'cijiDiciit rcrniDiit roliiiiti\-is 1863, and again enlisted December 19, 180.'}, as a private in Conipaiiy D, 8th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out June 2X. ISti.'i. Died May is, ins:!, liurled in St. Joseph ceme- tery, Hurlington, Vt. THOMAS P. KELLEY enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 18B2, at the age of 22 years, as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inl. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mus- tered out July 21, lS6:i, and again enlisted September :!, 1864, as a private in Company A, 1st Vt. Cav. .Mustered out June 21, 1S65. Died at Underbill Center, Vt., date unknown. ANDREW C. KENYON eiilistt'd I'roni lluiuingtoii, Vt., Sfptciiibri- l. and mustered out August 9, li565. A pajjer. maker by occupation. Resides in Bellows Falls, Vt. HARMON LEE born in Williston, Vt., December 29, 1844. Enlisted from Williston, September 23, 1862, as private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was with the regiment in all of its services. Mustered out July 21, 1863. A mechanic by trade; now lives with a daughter in So. Manchester, Conn. MELANCTHON S. LEE enlisted from Williston, Vt., Sei)t ember 10, 1862 in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mus- tered in October 10, 1862, and discharged for disability April .">, 1S63. Died in Los Angeles, Cal., February 13, 1902. BYRON D. MATTHEWS born in Essex, Vt. Enlisted from Jericho. Vt., Seijleuilier 10, 1S62, at the age of 30 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. On duty with his company and regiment at all times. Wounded at Cettysburg and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Died at Morrisville, Se])teniber, 1906. FRANKLIN MARTIN enlisted from Underbill. Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 21 years, as a private in Comi)any F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mus- tered out July 21. 1863. .\gain enlisted from Jericho. August IT, 1864, as a private in Company A, 17th Vt. Vol. Inf. Was taken prisoner September 30. 1864. and released July 6, 1865, and mustered out July 23. lS6.'j. Resides at Waterbury, Vermont. _ _ HIRAM MARTIN enlisted from Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 23 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863. Residence, Waitsfield, Vermont. BicHjraphical mul fl istoriral of ('d to duty in the ambulance 5/8 I he 'I'liiitcriilli Rctjiiiioil I cniioiil I ' ulnnlccrs corps and had a varied experience. One of the incidents was being captured by a scouting party of rebs while stucl< in a Virginia nuidhole with my team. Mustered out July 21, ]8(i3. Again entered the service as sergeant in Company K, 17th \'l. Vol. Inf., AugUbt 1.1, 18G4, and mustered out July 14, 18Ga. Married .Medora L. Porter, and by this union two sons and a daughter have been born to us. .A merchant by occupa- lion In rnderhill. and then ri iikiv( d m Uakcrsni'lti. \'t., where I now reside. CALEB P. NASH son of Ansel and Clarissa (Parker) Nash, was born in Jericho, Vt., July 31, 1844, a farmer's son. .\ly ancestors were in the revolutionary war. Enlisted September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., from Jericho, Vt. Mustered into the service October 10, 18()2, and was with the regiment in all its duties during its term of service. While in camp on the Occoquan a Virginia citizen complained to Colonel Randall about his men milking his cows. He is said to have denied this because the regiment was comi)Osed exclusively of theological students. The most satisfactory guard duty 1 ever performed was my last two hours guarding the person of General Stannard while he slept like a common soldier on the field of Gettysburg. Mustered out July 21. 1863. Married Celestia Chainberlln August 28. 1871. Came to Brattleboro, Vt., in 1896. Conmiander of Sedgwick Post Xo, 8, G. .\. R., in 1902. Employed in the United States postal service as a rural letter carrier at Hrattleboro, Vt. ALFRED D. OLMSTEAD enlisted from Essex, Vt., at the age of 19 years as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., September 10, 1862. Mustered in October 10, 1862; was with the company in all of its duties: did my part in borrowing from the enemy, marching and shooting when we had it to do. Fifer Slater and Private Gates were schoolmates of mine, and tentmates now. During the second day when the shells were bursting all around us. Slater came to the Company, having picked up a gun and cartridge box, and took a place in the ranks and refused to go back to the drum corps where he belonged. A shell burst so near our heads as to deafen Slater in the right ear and myself in the lelt ear. Mustered out July 21. 1863, and went to Wisconsin soon after and have been farming most of the time since. 1 am quite deaf and can do only light work. Died at his home in Clear Lake, Wis., October 7. 190:;, leaving a wife and son. JAMES PATTEN son of John and Nancy (Brewster) Patten, was born in WiUiston, Vt., September 23, 1833. Educated In the common schools. Enlisted from WiUiston, Vt.. Sejitember 10, 1862. as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10. 1862, and did a gun soldier's duty uutil mustered out July 21. 1863. Married Septem- ber, 1863, Mary Ann Wilson, and by this union three children have been born to us. A farmer by occupation. Residence, WiUiston, Vermont. CORNELIUS S. PALMER was born in Underhill. Chittenden Ccmnty, Veinioiit, .Xdvember 2nd, 1844. Parents, Jonah Ferris Palmer, Chloe iMead) Palmer. Tlu're were four sisters and one l)rother, Martha M. Palmer married Edwin Wood, Burlington, Vermont: Sarah A. married A. F. Chapin, Essex, Vermont; Freelove W. married RoUin Smith. Essex. Vermont; Carrie W. married Silas Smith, (deceased), and William TroUinger. Cassville. Mo.; Simeon M. Palmer married Hattie L. Tyler, Underhill, Vermont. Jonah F. Palmer died April 14th, 1871, aged sixty-ei.c;ht years. Chloe (Mead) Palmer died May, 1869, aged sixty- four' vears. Both are buried at Underhill, Vermont. Cornelius S. Palmer married Annis R. Fassett in Jericho, October 30th, 1870. Annis R. deceased in Minneapolis. December 2.")th. 1901. Of this union there were two children. Chloe E. and Louie A. Chloe E. mairied Hiram E. Ross of Minneapolis, Minn and she deceased in 1909, leaving three sons. Palmer. Donald and William Ross Louie manied V. S. G. Cherry of Sioux Falls. South Dakota, and has one daughter, Annis Virginia. Cornelius S. Palmer was again united in marriage with Marv K Marshall of New York City and now resides in Burlington, Vermont. The subject of this sketch in 1862, being then seventeen years of age was frail iihyslcally and for three years had suffered many periods of severe illness. Simeon M the brother, and four years the elder was the mainstay and chief reliance of an aged father and mother, struggling to save a heavily mortgaged farm. Both boys at that time were fuUv charged with the spirit of that day. thinking by day and dream- ing by night of the great conflict then in progress. The natural parental opposition was present, Simeon could not be spared from the farm and Cornelius was too young Biographical and Historical of Company f. 579 and t'lail- In the quiet of the farm both l)oys saw thr force of such reasoning, but it came about one day after the haying was done in 1862, Simeon could not resist the patriotic enthusiasm of a war meeting at Underbill, and he enlisted. In the days following the boys engaged themselves with the great problem of weighing up Simeon's duty to his country on the one hand, and his duty to father and mother in the scale opposite, with the result that the boys decided that for the then present Simeon ought not to have enlisted. But his act was past recall, and the situation was accepted. At this point Cornelius began to quietly plan to take Simeon's place. As steps to accomplish this end he secretly procured some old papers bearing his father's hand writing, and at times when he could be alone practiced imitating his father's signature. Then a formal consent was given out and his father's name was forged to it, and with this accomplished he went to Lieutenants Bostwick and Naramore, of Company F, 13th 'Vermont, and pledging them to secrecy, unfolded his plan. Both these officers promised to say nothing, if no one else did. But they told Cornelius he would have to get his father's consent in wi'iting. to which he replied. "I have it." He then went to Dr. Edward P. Howe, then living at Underbill, and who had successfully carried him through two attacks of lung fever, and also pledging him to secrecy, requested the doctor to make a thorough physical examination and afterwards answer if possible two questions. First, if he could pass the medical examination, and second, the doctor's opinion whether he could stand the exposures of the life in camp. Doctor Howe g'ave as his judgment that there was no organic lung difficulty, and that he would probably pass examination, and gave his opinion that the camp life would either kill him quickly or it might greatly benefit his health. Cornelius replied, "I take the chance," and the latter prediction was correct, (he never being off or absent from duty but two hours during his period of service, and that time being spent in the guard house for dodging a brigade drill. 1 Shortly following this Simeon, who was home on furlough, received notice to report at Richmond, Vermont, on a certain Sunday to start for the front on Monday morning. Sunday came and Cornelius (as he expected), was told by his father to hitch up the team and "drive his brother to Richmond." This he did after witnessing a portion of the parting scene between Simeon and his father and mother and sister. Arriving at Richmond Sunday ni,ght the boys slept together with the rest of the Company on straw thrown upon the floor of the dance hall of J. H. Ransom's hotel. Cornelius anticipating the conflict when his purpose was first made known to his brother, slept but little, arose early and before Simeon awoke, had donned the uniform and awaited events. About the break of day the boys began to "stir out," and when Simeon awoke and searched for his uniform, finding it upon his brother inquired what it meant and Cornelius replied, "1 am going to the war and you are going to sta.v with father and mother." Simeon's reply would not look well recorded in this narrative. From that moment the battle was on, and it lasted for Just one hour. The subjects of loyalty, duty to country, duty to home, physical ability, age, endurance, and all kindred questions w-ere vigor- ously discussed and no irrelevant language used. Cornelius having a bit the best of the argument from the fact that he had on the uniform. Finally Simeon said, "Go," and if you ever get back, I shall enlist again." When the company formed to go to the station on the way to Brattleboro Cornelius "tell in" and when Simeon's name was called he answered "Here," was mustered in and mustered out as Simeon M. Palmer, with a descriptive list and discharge that of Simeon M. Palmer. And when the regiment returned Simeon made good his threat by again enlisting in Company A, Second Vermont Infantry, and served therein till the war closed. Thirty years after the war it occurred to Cornelius, then in Dakota, that it was due to his family, that the record in the War Department should be corrected. Going to Washington he submitted his story to Senator Edmunds who became interested in it, and who suggested that he thoiight Congress had recently passed an act which, would allow the correction of the record, and referred Cornelius to Redfield Proctor, then Secretary of War, who he said would know certainly about it, and promised to secure special act of Congress, if the act referred to was found inadequate. Secretary Proctor directed Cornelius to procure an affidavit of some soldiei- who served in Company F, that he w-as the person who I'endered the service and forward the same to him. This was done and in December, 189any C, June 13, 186.5. Supposed to have been mustered out December 1, 1865- Was with the regiment in all of its engagements, after Joining same. Died at West Lynn, Mass., March, 1907, age being given as 92 years. CHARLES C. TILLOTSON born in Waterville, Vt., October 14. 1839 with his parents moved to Lowell. Vt., in 1853 A farmer by occupation. Married Eliza A. Taylor. December 18, 1861. Enlisted from Underbill, \t.. September 10. 1S62 as a private in Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf Mustered in with the regiment; promoted Corporal. January 19, 1863. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Represented the town in general assembly, 1890, and held other town offices. Died after a long illness, February 8, 1905, leaving a wife, two sons and a daughter. STEPHEN W. TILLISON enlisted from Underbill, Vt, September 10. 1862 at the age of 29 years. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1863 and again enlisted from IW^oretown, Vt-, February 10. 1865 as a private in Company K, 8th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out of the service June 28. 1865; went west and died; date unknown. FRANK J. C. TYLER enlisted from Williston, Vt., Septcmbei- 10. 1862 at the age of 21 years. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. On detached service as a clerk most of his term of ser- vice. Mustered out July 21, 1863. While residing in Burlington. 1868 joined Stan- nard Post No. 2 G. A. R. at first meeting July 20, 1868. and was elected first quarter- master. Went West in 1870 and was an inmate of the Soldiers' Home, South California, March. 1909. ALBERT WALSTON son of James G., and Roxana Green Walston was born in Richmond, Vt., July 17, 1842 and lived here until early summer of 1862- Educated in the common schools. Occu- pation a farmer. Married Annie E. Baty, August 26, 1862 and two children have been born to us. Enlisted from Williston. Vt.. September 10, 1862 as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10, 1862. I was with the regiment in all of its movements. At the battle of Gettysburg 1 was knocked down three times in quick succession by the bursting of shells near me in our flank movement on picket charging columns, but not seriously injured. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Moved to Milton, Vt. about 1891. I served as town representative, 1906, and held other town offices. Residence, Milton, Vt. ROYAL C. WARD enlisted from Bolton, Vt.. September 10. 1862. at the age of 39 years as a private in Comi)any F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service with the company and mustered out Jul\ 21. 1863. Last known residence. Boston, Mass. WILBUR F. WARD enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862 as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Age 18 years. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863. and died, date unknown. 584 'Jli>: Tliirtccntli Rcyiiiwiit I'cniioiit J'oluiitccrs WILLIS T. WELLS enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862 at the age of 42 years. Mustered Into the service October 10, 1862. Owing to th st-vere duties of a soldier's life and advanced age he soon became crippled with rheumatism and discharged for disability, February 2. 1S63. A shoemaker by trade. Married and had a family. Died at Starl. A member of the Masonic Order. A post commander of Post .")0. G. A. R. Had served as town representative and assist- ant door-keeper of the senate. A prominent citizen of his town- Died February 22, 18!I6. only two members of his family survive him. WILLLAM F. WHITNEY son of Kdiiuinil and Fstlier Klagg Whitney, was born in Williston. Vt.. October 17. 1S42. Educated in the common schools and Williston Academy. Bnlisted from Williston, September 10. 1862. Mustered into the service October 10. 1862 as a private in Com- pany F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out of the service July 21. 1863. Married Tesiiah F. Brownell December 18, 1866, and by this union three children have been born to us- By occupation a farmer. Xow reside at Essex Junction, Vt. HENRY W. YORK son of Harvey C. and Roxanie Wliile York, was born in Underbill. Vt. Enlisted at the age of 2.5 years from Jericho, Vt.. as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.. was with the regiment in all its movements. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Educated in the common schools and academy of I'nderhill. By occupation a farmer. Married Miss Annette P. Sabens. September 28, 1^63. By this union four children have been born to us. Residence, W^est Bolton. Vt. SAMUEL YORK son of Harvey C. and Roxanie White York, was born in Underbill. Vt. Educated in the common schools of his native town. A farmer by occupation. Enlisted from Jericho, September 10. 1862. as a private in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. A good soldier, always ready for duty. Married Mary A. Sabens. Died February 24. 1906 at his home in W'est Boiton. Vt.: age 65 years, leaving a w-ife and one son; burial in the village cemetery near his home. KKV. GEORGE H. SCOTT, HistDi-iaii of Co. G. 13th ^■t. Vols. Biographical and Historical Co. G Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated in loving rememberance nf Jude Xewcity. killed in the great battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd. 1863. This youthful hero of 18 was among the bravest of the brave. Because of what he and his comrades did on this Battle- field the life of the Union was saved. Bioyraphical and Historical nf Coiupan\ G. 589 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY G. THIS Company was made up of volunteers from the towns of Bakersfield, Enos- burg, Montgomery, Richtord, Berkshire and a few from some of the other adjoining towns. The place of rendezvous and organization was Bakersfield and the date. September 11th, 1862; and therefore at first called the Bakersfield Company, but subsequently known by the letter G, and by this letter given its place in the line at time of regimental organization. It was known and called during its term of service Company G. It was indeed quite fortunate in the selection of commissioned and non-commissioned officers because of a large number of able young men from w'hich to choose. There were many in the ranks of Company G equally as well qualified for officers as those who were originally elected and appointed. Nearly all who volunteered into this company were of the best and most reliable class of citizens from the several towns that furnished recruits for the Bakersfield Company. Subsequent history of Company G during its service demonstrated on all occasions its stalwart men. brave and alert, and was at the end of its service recognized as having won as much credit during the battle of Gettysburg as any company in the 13th Regiment. This statement is made from quite intimate acquaintance with the rank and file and knowledge of the distinguished part contributed in the struggle for victory, especially in the 2nd and 3rd days. Captain Merritt Williams was mortally wounded early on the 2nd day and then the command tell to 1st Lieutenant Albert Clarke, and his quick comprehension and grasp of the situation, and his deliberate manner and inspiring conduct encouraged every man of his company to do his very best. Colonel Randall, while his regiment was dow'n in the valley of Plum Run gathering in the prisoners of General Picketts defeated heroes, very properly turned to Lieutenant Albert Clarke and said "Captain take your company and conduct these prisoners to the rear and return as soon as possible." Colonel Randall knew upon whom to call for this dangerous and important duty. I would not make invidious comparison or distinction for quite likely any would have executed this important order with promjjtness, skill and satisfaction. To Company G must be given the credit of being first and foremost in the building of the breast-work out of a rail fence to the front of our then position in the forenoon of the last day of the battle in anticipation of a charge of the enemy against our then position. This forethought and conception originated with Company G. Lieutenant Clarke saw the opportunity and called for his daring Sergeant who was then acting as a Lieutenant and requested that he seek volunteers to go out on the open field and erect the breast- work, and it was quickly executed with Ser.geant George H. Scott in command. This move proved to be of great importance in the desperate charge made by General Pickett in the last hours of the battle. There are many lengthy sketches of individuals of this company and I fear some will prove a tiresome task to read. The soldiers written of are entitled to all that has been said of them in this comjjany history, and yet I realize some of the articles might have been much abridged. The author has been embarrassed in the preparation because of not having for the last few years a more intimate touch with the survivors of this company, and because his letters have not been answered by the comrades when w^ritten to. Hence it some appear to be slighted such must understand the reasons are lack of better and more accurate information. The author regrets his inability to do justice to the dead and livin.g of Company G. and with reluctance agreed to accept the task, but have done his best to meet expectations. I was warned against long sketches but I find it impossible to mention each with a line or two of reference. To express briefly and accurately a few w-ords concerning each one, and tell of duty done in the service and in civil life, and avoid criticism could not be exnentpd. I would have said more of some and less of others and not so much of all. The comrades of Company G will excuse omissions, errors and accept thanks for information furnished and preparation of individual sketches. William Oakley Brigham, Lieutenant Albert Clarke and others have furnished interesting articles that appear in this company history, and to those your attention is called. The object of the regimental historian is 1 trust attained so far as Company G is concerned for one and all have been men- tioned. 590 Tin- Tliiiti\-iith h't-i/inuiil W-niumt I'i'hintccrs CAPTAIN MARVIN WHITE. Vour liisloiiai> lias loiiiul it (UlTiciilt to piocure details of tlie early life of Captain Whiti-. Coiiiiade H. II. Stevnis has secured for him after c-areful inquiry the following: He was born in Rlfliford, Vt.. had few advantages lor sfhooling in his boyhood.— learni-d the tiade of a blacKsinilh and set up a shop in Knosburg. People speak of him as a good bla( ksmith— and "like other boys of his stamp." He married a Hanister girl of Riihford. by whom he had two daughters. These survivi- him. His widow has never married. His daughters, both married. All have left Enosburg. and our in- formant could not ascertain what has become of them. When the call came for ;;U0.000 nine months' men. White was ready to leave his trade and bid good bye to his family and fight for his country. He was thi- first man to enlist in Knosburg and by his exami)le and coun.sel did much to induce others to enlist. When in a public meeting volunteers were being called for and "some one from West Enosburg said, the first one to enlist would command the company. White walked right up and put his name down." For the above reasons doubtless, the Enosburg quota felt bound to nominate him for the office of captain, though older and abler men remained in the ranks. It should be said of him he was kind hearted, patriotic and tried to be a good officer, and thoughtful of his men. but he lacked some of the iiualities necessary to one in command, while he could not do his best, because he felt his company did not respect him as their Captain. When death entered our ranks and Homer Fletcher was called home, he showed his thoughtful kindness by making the arrangements necessary for the funeral, and went to Washington to arrange for sending the body home. Soon after while the regiment was at Camp Vermont he sickened and was taken to the hosi)ital. When the regiment left that cam|). Captain White was left behind, and Comrade Ward Pijier was detailed to care for him. In a few days he died. December 13th, 1862. The same ser- vices were rendered him that he rendered to Fletcher. His remains were sent home, and now repose in the cemetery at West Enosburg. The nurse who attended him in his last sickness, paid this tribute to his memory: "In justice to Captain White let me say that while he may not have been all that was desired as a company commander, he impressed me as a man who had a very kind heart." Surely he died for his country as truly as his successor Captain Williams who fell mortally wounded on the battlefield of (iettysburg .July 2nd. ISfiS. SKETCH OF CAPTAIN WILLIAMS, CO. G, 13th, VT. i;v coiii'ui:.\i. .i. w. lUiUKotK. Captain Merritt Bates W'illiams was born May 9th, 1S40 in Bakersfield. Vt.. son of George W. Williams a faiiner and prominent citizen, and Emily Williams, his wife, daughter of Zebulon and Luna Leach. He was my own cousin. Early life was spent on his father's farm, where he grew up, industrious, temperate and conscientious; re- ceiving a common school and academic education. He was large-hearted, observing: shrewd and practical rather than analytical and scholarly: naturally social, vivacious and winning: being a favorite among the young people of the town, he was a con- spicuous and leading spirit. In childhood he became a Christian. Sometime previous to enlistment he united in marriage with Miss Jennie Hooker of Bakersfield. The beginning of his military service was in the fall of 1862, when he enlisted at the age of 22. for nine months, from Bakersfield, Vt. At the organization of Company G. Kith Regiment Vermont Volunteers, he wae elected First Lieutenant. After Captain White's illness in the latter part of November, and subsequent death, command of Company G devolved on Lieutenant Williams. In February, 1863, he was iiromoted to the rank of Captain in command of Comiiany G: filling that position with credit until luortally wounded by an exploding shell, at the head of his companv on the battlefield at Gettysburg. Jiily 2nd. 1863. eight days before expiration of the time for which he enlisted. He was removed from the battlefield to the home of Thomas Hooker, his wife's father in Bakersfield. Harvey Barns accom- panied him as nurse and assistant. The shell that wounded him exploded above, in front and a little to the right of him: a small fragment entered the right breast, taking a downward and backward (ourse to the liver, as was su|)posed. although it was never exactly located. Evervthing possible was done by devoted friends for his comfort and recoveVy: and for sometime he was very hopeful. A fatal result was doubtless inevit- able After eleven weeks of suffering, patiently and heroically endured, death brought relief. He viewed death calmly and said he was ready to go. in hope of Christian im- mortality. "Like cue wlio wraps the drapery cf his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams" He gave minute diretticns for his funeral, requesting that Company G nlight be there and that Rev. E. A. Titus preach the funeral sermon. It was held at the Con- gregationalist church in Bakersfield. attended by a very large gathering of citizens and soldiers, with impressive services, and many demonstrations of love and mourning. His body reposes in the now beautiful cemetery of his native town. Bioc/raf^liical and fl istorical of Coiiipany C. 591 He was greatly beloved, and lived in the hearts of his friends: as a citizen was highly esteemed. As an officer he was ever attentive to duty, solicitous and self-denying for his men; bravely standing at his post at all times, winning the love and confidence °^ ^"- REV. JOSEPH W. HITCHC3CK. LIEUTENANT ALBERT CLARKE. "Who's who in America" gives the following sketch of Colonel Clarke. Albert Clarke, lawyer, economist, secretary Home Market Club, Boston, since .luly. J889; born Granville, Vt., October 13th, 1840; son of Jedediah and Mary (Woodbury) Clarke graduated at Bane, Vt., academy, 18.59; (honorary A. M. Dartmouth College. 1888; studied and practiced law. Montpeiier, Vt.. 1859-6.5; married at Rochester, Vt., January 21st, 1864, Josephine Briggs. Enlisted 13th Vermont Volunteers Infanti'y. August, 1862; thrice promoted, commander of company at Gettysburg and captured cannon and prison- ers. Member of Vermont senate, 1874; Massachusetts House of Representatives.. 1896- 7-8. chairman of committee on Ways and Means; delegate National Reimblican Con- vention, 1892; colonel on Governor Dillingham's stalt, Vt., 186.5; judge advocate general, G. A. R., 1897; president Vermont and Canadian R. R., 1885-6; member United States Industrial Commission. 1899-1900; chairman. 1901-02. Editor and most of the time proprietor of St. Albans (Vt. ) Messenger. 1868-80; on staff Boston Daily Advertiser, 1883-5; editor and manager of Rutland (Vt.) Herald, 1886-9; editor of Home Market Bulletin (now Protectionist Manager) since 1889. Author of many addresses and pamphlets, etc. Residence, 879 Beacon St.; office, 77 Summer St., Boston. There are fuller sketches in Lamb's Biographical Dictionary, in The National Cyclopedia of American BiograiJhy. and in several other biographical and genealogical publications. From these sketches and from jiersonal knowledge the writer has been able to prejjare the following: Albert Clarke was born in Granville, Addison County, Vermont, on the 13th day of October, 1840, and he had a twin brother, Almon, who resembled him so closely that for 60 years they were mistaken for each other. They descended from Richard Clarke, who came to this country from Rowley in Yorkshii'e, England, in 1638 and settled in Rowley, Esse.\ County, Massachusetts. The line of descent is Richard. John, Richard, Ebenezer, who removed to Connecticut. Timothy, who removed to Rockingham, Ver- mont, and became a Revolutionary soldier, participating in the battle of Bunker Hill. Jonothan Rogers, who removed to Rochester, Vei-mont, Jedediah and Albert. On his mother's side his first ancestor in this count) y was John Woodbtny "ye old i)lanter of Salem", who was a prominent citizen and was sent by Governor Endicott on a mission to England. The line runs thus: John Woodbury, Peter. Peter. Benjamin, Peter, who was captain in Colonel Job Cushing's regiment in the Revolutionary aimy and marched to Bennington to reinforce General Stark: Peter, who was a member of his father's company and who removed to Bethel, Vermont, in 1792; Ruth, Maiy. the wife of Jedediah Clarke and the mother of Dean. Albert and Almon. Mary's parents were both Wood- burys, her father, Daniel, being sen of Gideon, son of Joshua, son of their common an- cestor, Benjamin- Nearly all of the Woodburys in this countiy descended from John, including former Governor U. A. W^oodbury of Vermont and Hon. Levi Woodbury of New Hampshire, who was judge, speaker of the house, governor, secretary of the navy, secretary of the treasury and justice of the U. S. supreme court. The father of the Clarke boys was a shoemaker and farmer, who had but small means and a limited education, his father having died when he was but eight years old. Nevertheless, he did what he could to make U]) for his early disadvantages and helped his sons to obtain good educations, though the financial crisis of 1857 and the gathering storm in the South led them to give up going to college, after having prepared at West Randolph and Earre academies, and to take up professional studies instead. Dean and Almon choosing medicine and Albert the law. AInion. having graduated in medicine at the University of Michigan, became Assistant Surgeon of the 10th Vermont Infantry and after two and one-half years was promoted Surgeon of the First Vermont Cavalry, with which he served until the close of the war. Then he practised for 20 years in Sheboygan. Wis., became president of the Wisconsin State Medical Society, professor in the Milwaukee Medical College, and Surgeon for several years of the National Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee. He died at Pensacola, Floi-ida, May 1st, 1904. Albert, the subject of this sketch, read law at Montpeiier and began practise there in partnership with Hon. W. G. Ferrin, who was afterwards State Auditor. He en- listed August 25th, 1862, in what became Company I, 13th Veimont. He sought no office but was appointed sergeant and before leaving the state first sergeant, and he was in command of the company during the legimenfs advance at Union Mills. January 22nd, 1863, he was promoted first lieutenant of Company G. and held that office until 5<.)J I'hc Ihirtcciilli h'lV/iinoit J'cniioiit rdlitiitci-is musfpied out. Owing to the illiipss ami death of its ia|)taln the conipaiiy had fallen behind some of the others in drill. The new taiitain. Menitt B. Williams, devolvi-d mucli of the drill of the company and the care of its accounts upon Lieut. Clarke, and gave him all needful sujiport. The comiiany rapidly im|)roved and was soon equal to the others in efficiency. When the cai)tain received a mortal wound in the second day's battle at Gettysburg, and was taken from the field. Lieutenant Clarke of course succeeded to command, .\fter Weir's or Turnhull's batleiy was re-captured by the right wing of the regiment. Colonel Randall, supjiosing that Captain Williams must have died, and wishing to reward the lieutenant for what he spoke of as gallant con- duct, promoted him as captain and addressed him as such until it was learned, after the battle, that Williams was still living. As he lived until after the regiment was mustered out. of course Clarke rfsenlatlves of the state and became legislative correspondent of tlie St. Albans MessenRer. This led to his beconiinR an editor and soon proprietor of that journal and also of the Transcript which had competed with it for some years, althouRh he had no thought of leaving the law except temporarily. The exacting nature of the business, however, changed his career and for twelve years he was a recognized leader in Verniont journalism and politics. In 1S70, while reporting the Fenian raid from Franlilin, Vt. to Ecdes Hill in Canada, he came under fire and narrowly escajied. He there made the acquaintance of ,lohn Boyle O'Reilly, which in later years was renewed in Boston. The fighting occurred after noon. Having gathered the main particulars, he drove twelve miles to St. Albans, writing whenever the road was smooth enough to permit, issued a three column account at five o'clock and wired a full report to the .New York Tribune, for which he received $8(1 and a complimentary letter from Whitelaw Held. The most noteworthy feature of his newspaiier life in St. Albans was a ten years' battle royal with the men then in control of the Vermont Central Railroad and of the politics of both jiarties in Vermont. One phase of it was the starting by the railroad faction of on op|)Osition ncwspajjer. Able writers were brought from Washington and Boston and more brilliant controversial writing has seldom been seen in New England than marked the editorial i)ages of both pai)ers for several years. As an incident of the controversy. Clarke was elected after a hitter fight to the state senate in 1874 but he declined a second term on account of the exactions of his business. Former Governor J. Gregoiy Smith was jjresident of the railroad and one year was desired, by many Republicans for first delegate at large to the national convention. Clarke was chair- man of the St. Albans delegation and became chairman of the Franklin county dele- gation. It was thought to be a delicate matter to ask him to favor his leading opponent and especially to present his name in the convention. Finally a mutual friend broached the subject to him and Clarke promptly replied that if the home delegations desired it, he would with pleasure nominate Governor Smith, for he recognized his eminent fitness for the service. This was done and before long newspapers began to mention Clarke for the next lieutenant governor. For some time the railroad people acquiesced but because Clarke refused to pledge any change of policy in the conduct of his news- paper, their opposition began to appear and he declined to be a candidate. AH this, of course, was public but a year or two later something occurred which never became publicly known, and of which even now 1 lack full knowledge. It was rumored after a peace or lull of some months that Governor Smith had sent for Clarke, proposed to him a consolidation of the newspapers, offered him the printing and sta- tionery business of their 700 miles of railroad, on which a reasonable profit, coupled ■with the newsi)apers, should yield at least $10,000 a year, and reminded him that but for their opposition he could have been lieutenant governor and in -due time governor, leaving him to infer that with their opposition withdrawn those honors would yet come. Whatever offer was made, if any, failed. Whenever he has been asked about it since. Clarke has always replied that the talk was confidential and he had better continue the confidence, esjjecially since the governor has deceased and cannot speak for him- self. It is believed, however, that Clarke felt that he could not bring his friends into the proposed peace and he would not even seem to desert them. In 18S0 he sold the business to Mr. S. B. Pettengill, a former editor of the Rutland Herald, and removed to Boston. He continued in newspaper work and also became a director and a little later president of the Vermont and Canada railroad company. After the Supreme Court of Vermont had decided that the Vermont and Canada had become jointly liable for the debts of the Vermont Central to which it was leased, a consolidation followed, and Clarke devoted himself wholly to work on the staff of the Boston Daily Advertiser, until 1SS,T, when he was called to be assistant to the president of the Boston & Lowell railroad. He with others soon began a negotiation for the purchase of the Rutland railroad and this led to his going to Rutland as editor and manager of the Herald. The effort to a((iuire the railroad failed because the Delaware & Hudson offered more than his friends offered, and in 1889 Clarke returned to Boston and was elected Secre- tary and Manager of the Home .Market Club, and has been annually reelected ever since, at this writing his service having continued nearly 18 years, during which time he has made more than a national reputation as an economist and as a writer and speaker for the protective tarift. This work has brought him into close and con- fidential relations with many of the principal men of the country, especially in the Rei)ublican party. In 1896-7-8. Clarke was a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives, where he became chairman of the committee on ways and means. When the Si)anish war broke out he prepared an api)ropriation bill which was enacted and signed by the governor in 20 minutes, under a suspension of all rules. He was also author of the law under which the soldiers and sailors of that state were paid seven dollars a month by the state. A framed copy of the bill and the quill with which it was signed hangs in his office, accompanied by this certificate: Hiotjra tallica! and flistoriral of i'oiiif'aiiy G. 595 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Department, Boston. June 23rd, 1898. This is the pen with which I signed the bill granting seven dollars a month state pay to Massachusetts soldiers and sailors in the service of the United States, and I have presented it to Representative Albert Clarke, who introduced that feature of the bill, and who. as chairman of the committee of ways and means, had charge of the measure in the house. (Signed) ROGER WOLCOTT, Oovcrnor: Clarke naturally took pride in having induced Massachusetts to adopt a policy which worked so well in Vermont during the civil war. He was author of other im- portant laws, among them the one which put a stop to prize fighting under the dis- guise of boxing matches. In 1S9S and again in 1902 he was a candidate for tlie Republi- can nomination for congress in the Fourth Massachusetts district. The first year his leading opponent won on the fifth ballot by one ma.1ority in the convention and the next time another man won on the third ballot by two majority, in both cases methods having been employed to which he would not stoop. In 1899 President McKinley telegraphed him. asking him to accept an appointment on the Industrial Commission, to fill a vacancy. It was nothing that he had sought or thought of. but with the understanding that it would not necessitate his resignation from the Home Market Club, he accepted and served to the end. The commission was composed of five U. S. Senators, five Representatives and nine men from private life, appointed by the Pres- ident and confirmed by the Senate. Among them were two former members of con- gress and General Harris, the present governor of Ohio. Clarke, by reason of joining after all committees had been appointed, had to take places at the foot of such as he was assigned to. Before long it was discovered that he could e.xamine witnesses and when sub-commissions went to Philadeljjhla, Chicago, Boston. Providence and New York to take testimony, he was chosen to preside. On the death in 1902 of Senator Kyle of South Dakota, who was chairman of the commission. Clarke was unanimously chosen his successor. The commission was created to investigate all the great in- dustries — agriculture, manufactures, mining, transportation, telegraphy, the trust prob- lem, immigration and irrigation, with power to recommend legislation to congress and the states, it examined more than 700 witnesses, most of them leaders and experts in industry, finance and labor, and its reports filled 19 volumes, aggregating more than 17.000 pages. Its term expired in February 1903 and ever since then the principal topics considered by congress have been those investigated by the commission. Profes- sor Alfred Marshall of Cambridge University. England, spoke of its reports as "the best prepared and most instructive ever issued by any similar body." In 1897 Clarke was .ludge-Advocate General of the Grand Army of the Republic, which was another honor that he did not seek. Several difficult cases, involving points of law. drew from him written opinions, of which a committee of lawyers, each of whom had formerly held the office, reported as follows at the National Encampment: •'The committee, having carefully considered the work of the .ludge-Advocate General, report that the opinions, some of which are elaborate and long, requiring very con- siderable labor and research, evidence unusual care and scholarly ability in their prep- aration and form a valuable addition to our Grand Army opinions. We recommend the adoption of the following resolution: Resolved. That the Encampment hereby extends to .ludge-Advocate General Clarke its thanks for his able, earnest and conscientious performance of the duties Imposed upon him." Many other honors came to him from time to time, among which were his election seven years in succession as president of the Wellesley Club, and his election as dele- gate to the Republican National Convention in 1892. in 1905 he was president of the Vermont Association of Boston, of the Vermont Officers' Reunion Society and of the Thirteenth Regiment Association in Vermont, of the National Staff Association In Massachusetts, and was first vice-president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac. At this writing (1907) he is president of the company which owns the franchises for an Independent telephone system in Boston and seme other Massachusetts cities. He is also president of the electric light company in the town where he was raised. The writer knows it would be against his wish to have these positions mentioned, but they are appropriate here as showing the esteem in which he is held by his association In various relations. He has published no books but his writings published in newspapers and magazines and official reports would aggregate many volumes if brought together. His earliest speech to attract considerable attention was delivered in the Vermont Senate in 1874 against the free pass abuse and in favor of the right of the state to supervise railroads, thus showing that he grappled a present problem more than thirty years ago. The y)Ct I lie I'liirtccnth h'r(/iiiiciit W-niunit I'dhintrcrs next year he delivi-red an address before the National I'riscn As.soiiation in Sleiiiway Hall, New York, against capital imnishnient, whith was published in their annual volume and has been (|UOted from many times sinri' in various state legislatures. In 1896 he was invited, (perhaps challenged would be a more appropiiali- word), to address the New ICngland Free Trade Leagui-. and he a Scott of Bakersfield. He was the grandson of Robert and Hannah (Hazelton) Scott and Oliver and Sally (Start) Shattuck. His grandparents were among the first settlers of the town of Bakersfield. The subject of our sketch was born In Bakersfield, April 23d, 1839. where he spent his boyhood. His parents were ambitious for their boy and encouraged him to get an education. His maternal uncle, Erastus Shattuck. while a member of Burlington College, often made his home in the Scott family, when George was a mere boy, and by precept and example inspired him with a desire to go to college. His first school was held in the little log school house, soon sui)erseded by the "little red school house." He prepared for college in the academies of Bakersfield, The Fort Edward Institute and East Hampton ( Mass. 1 Academy. How could he meet the exi)ense of a college course? His father promised all the help he could render — $200 a year he thought. But there were other children to educate, and a farmer's income was small. So George refused all help and decided to pay his own way; determined to earn the money before spending it and dreading college debts. When in his 17th year, he went to California, where he taught school for nearly three years, spending his vacations farming or cooking to add to his income. He thus acquired sufficient to meet his expenses in college with a handsome surplus to aid him to pursue his professional studies. On returning from California and completing his preiiaratory studies, he. with his friend and cousin Fernando C. Willett. joined hands and hearts and entered the Troy L'niversity, Troy. N. Y. Here they remained for two terms. Foreseeing the failure of this Institution, they withdrew and entered Williams College, at Williamstown, Mass., In the class of '64. In college began and grew that somewhat unique Intimacy between these two friends. They were room-mates and class-mates, as they were tent-mates and mess- mates In the army. No brothers could be more loyal and loving. Their life-long Biographical and Historical of Company G. 599 fi-llowsliiii kni-w no .jealousy oi- luisuiulerstandiug. Xo fiuarrel ever separated them. Their trust In each other was absolute. In a report by the Class Secretary, some years after graduation, he said. In speaking of them. "Willett — I never think of him without thinking of Scott, nor of Scott without thinking of Willett." The subject of our sketch was a close student. What success he achieved was the result of hard work. He ranked well in Scholarship, won the respect and affection of both teachers and students, and graduated with honors. His college course was broken in two by his service in the army. On account of absence for a year he dropped back a class, and graduated in the class of '65, as did his friend Willett. In college he was prominent as a writer and speaker. Some will remember a public debate he had with his fellow-townsman Jackson Tupper. It took place in the town hall in Bakersfield, during one of his college vacations, while the war was going on. Tupper was a pro- slavery man and a Democrat, and had the reputation of being a "copperhead", and prophesied the certain dissolution of the Union. The college boy was an abolitionist, hated slavery and dared to challenge the doughty champion of the South to a public discussion of the subject "Is Slavery a Divine institution?" The college boy had this advantage: besides the justice of his cause he had a college library to aid him. No vote was taken. No doubt the friends of each thought their favorite had the weight of argument. HIS MILITARY RECORD He entered college before the war began and left it after its close. During the Bprlng vacation of his first college year, while in Bakersfield, he heard the news of the fall of Sumter. The whole country was ablaze; Bakersfield was no exception. The war had actually commenced. The citizens in goodly number.s gathered on the com- mon. Somebody must make a speech. Scott was called upon and lifted into a wagon near by. Xo reporters were present, and the speech was lost to posterity. It appears to have been the first gun of the campaign fired in Bakersfield. The war was on. The three months' men were in the field, but other men must go. The president called for two years' men. Bakersfield was enlisting its quota. The call came to him and his friend with compelling force. They enlisted and joined a regiment which rendezvoused at Burlington. After two weeks an order came from Washington disbanding the two years' regiments and asking its members to re-enlist for three years. This released all from their engagement, and it was optional with them to re-enlist or not as they deemed best. Again George and his friend confronted the question of duty. A three years' enlistment would break up their college course, and doubtless change their plans in life. They could enlist later If the country needed them, so they resumed their studies in college. At the close of this second college year, Scott was again in Bakersfield with his friend. The naticn was in jeopardy. Lincoln issued a call for :jOO,00ii nine months' men. Enlistments were in the air. Bakersfield young men were responding, and Scott and Willett enlisted. According to an agreement between the towns whose quota made up what became Company G of the 13th Vermont, Bakersfield was entitled to First Lieutenant and one sergeantcy. The Bakersfield quota nominated Williams and Scott for these offices and they served as such during their term and was acting First Sergeant at Getty.sburg. While in camp he improved his leisure time in study and mastered the art of shorthand. He recalls some incidents of the service. Just before we broke camp at Camp Vermont to make that needless, all-night march In the rain and mud to Fairfax Court House, he and his friend received a four feet square box of all sorts of goodies from Bakersfield, with eatables enough to last them a month as a supplement to army rations. They had hardly opened it when the order came to fall in. Light marching order would permit but few extra rations, so the boys were told to help themselves, and they did, pies, cakes, etc., were soon distributed. The return to Camp Vermont was by freight train. The box cars were soon filled, but many — among them George and Fernando had to ride on tops of cars, facing a driving snowstorm. Arriving at Alexandria after dark, too late to get back to camp, they were left the alternative to shiver beside a campfire through the wintry night or to sleep on the floor of a hotel filled with soldiers. They chose the latter and escaped the pelting of the storm. While at Camp Carusi, typhoid fever became epidemic and many suc- cumbed to the disease. Scott came down with intermittent fever, bordering on typhoid. Deaths were so frequent in the hospital he declined to go there but engaged a rebel family by the name of Davis to board and care for him. The mother and daughter were not specially trained nurses but they were kind hearted and nursed our com- rade as well as they knew how. They Ivnew many remedies for rattlesnake bites, but had to be taught how to prepare milk toast and eggs for sick people. The mother boasted of sons in the rebel army and the daughters were greater adepts at snuff dipping than the Yankee soldiers at pipe smoking. Will power, more than quinine, helped George back to health. He vowed he would walk out daily during his sick- ness. When too weak to walk without help he would throw his arm over the shoulder '^lOO The 'J liirtcciith Rcyiiiioil \\-iiiu>iit Idliintccrs of Fernando and h\ his help stagger across the piazza. This friend visited and cared for him daily, and he owed much to this tender nursing. He recovered in time for the seven days' march to Hettyshurg. While the regiment was doing guard duty along Wolf Run Shoals. George and Fernando did a little scouting on their own hook. One day they i)assed a mile or so beyond our lines, and being hungry, they called at the house of a widow and her daughter, who had lost 'M\ slaves and whose home and estates near Fredericksburg had been devasted. They needed Yankee money and gladly got supper lor the boys. They were ladies of culture, and Ceorge evidently had his double in the Southern army, for these ladies believed him to be a rebel surgeon who had often visited them a few months previous, while his regiment was encamjied near by. They thought the surgeon must be disguised as a spy within the I'nion lines. They were not convinced of their mistake till these friends visited them again, as they did later. Our term of service was drawing to a close with little prospect that we should meet the enemy in battle for we had been within sound and a day's march of two great battles without having been ordered in. Scott, wishing to see active service before he left the army, sought a commission in a negro regiment — the Government having just begun raising such. General Casey was chairman of a commission, sitting in Washington, to examine candidates for commissions in such regiments. He told Scott he would in due time cite him before the Commission, but before he did so we were making our seven day's march witli the army of the Potomac to Pennsylvania. Two days before Gettysliurg. while resting for an hour. Scott received a letter in an official envelope. It contained an order and pass from General Casey authorizing him to come at once to Washington and api)ear before the Commission. "When did you get this?" asked Scott of Willctt. who had handed him the letter. "Just as we were break- ing camp to start on this march", was the reply. "Why did you keep it from me?" "Because I had no idea of leaving you behind and taking this march without you." So this joke of a friend iierhaps changed the whole future of our comrade. With the prospect of a great battle soon to occur. George stuck to his regiment and shared its fortunes at Gettysburg. He was actively engaged at two great crises of the battle — on the second day when a part of the 13th re-took a battery and restored our lines, in the rapid rush Srott was the first man to reach the guns. As the regiment pursued the enemy towards the jjeacli orchard, he passed over a wounded confederate who was crying — 'O. boys give me some water!" Unable to stop, Scott tossed him his canteen and hastened on. Earlier In the day he had seen Captain Williams fall and carried from the field. On the third day of the battle Sergeant Scott did his share in the attack on Pickett's flank, as appears by the following extract from the history of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment in Adjutant General Peck's "Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers"; During the fornoon a volunti'er detail of ten men from each comiiany under Command of Sergeant Scott of my company gathered some fence rails and placed them in line about forty-five yards In front of our regiment. The object was not then apparent but It became so later. Though there was a sharp fire of sharp shooters, the men cheerfully volunteered for this work, all led by Sergeant Scott of Company G. W'hen Pickett's charge was well advanced. General Stannard ordered the 13th, which held the right of his brigade, forward to the slight Ijreastwork of rails. On arriving Randall ordered them to halt, lie down and hold their fire. Soon the 13th received the welcome order to lire. The men had a short range and steady aim and as the smoke lifted it was seen that they had done awful execution. " It was awkward work to load lying dow'n behind those rails, and soon most of the line arose, without orders. Previous to this charge and during the artillery duel, while the company were hugging the ground a storm of fragments of shell tell among our men and wounded many. One struck the ground within arm's length of the sergeant's head, plowing into the earth, but a boy's curiosity led him to dig it up with his bayonet. He was one with others who fell asleep during the cannonade — the sleep of utter ex- haustion. After the rebel lines were broken. Sergeant Scott, seeing a rebel officer just over a fence, demanded his sword. The officer tendered it. While the Sergeant wa.s scaling the fence to get it. a Second Lieutenant steiiped in before him and secured the prize. As the eneni\ began to give way. Sergeant Major Smith, whom we all loved, came up to Sergeant Scott and clapping his hands exultantly said. "Scott, aren't we giving them h — "? A moment later a cannon ball struck him, taking off his leg next his body, instantly killing him. His remains rest in the battlefield cemetery at Gettys- burg. After Pickett's lines were broken, the confederate artillery reopened fire, endanger- ing friend and foe. Both were anxious to get off the field. Hastily we gathered up the prisoners and Companies G and 1 were delegated to take them to the rear. A North Carolina confederate wounded in his leg and unable to walk without help, begged Sergeant Scott to help him off the field. The Sergeant bade him throw his arm about his neck and so helped him to a place of safety. The poor fellow in ■■ci"acker" Biographical and Historical of Com ['any G. 601 dialect kept expressing liis gratitude for this simple act. He said he would not believe any longer that the Yankees were such a hard lot as he supposed. While locked in each others arms, they passed near an artillery tiain. A solid shot struck one of the horses in the breast killing him instantly, and he came near falling upon them. "Hurry up", said the Sergeant, "that must have been meant for us." Hastening en to over- take his company, he passed an officer, finely dressed, leaning against a tree, with his hat pulled over his face. Was he dead or asleep? The Sergeant lifted the hat, and behold! — O horrid sightl — the head was gone — a headless trunk. After returning from the prison camp to the line of battle, the Sergeant sought shelter behind the now historic stonewall, as the enemy were still keeping up a desul- tory fire. Locating the enemy's battery, he would watch the flash of the gun and then dodge behind the wall till the ball passed over his head. During the 4th of July our regiment remained upon the battlefield. A telegram came flashing over the wires "Vicksburg is taken." How we threw our hats in the air and cheered: Though it rained hard, our Sergeant had thoughts of the wounded. He went out upon the field, over which the battle had raged for three days and where bodies of horses and men, swelled to twice their natural size, were festering in the sun. The path of Pickett's first line of battle, as it marched by the left flank was marked by a winrow of corpses. In places bodies were so thick that a man could step from one to another. iMost of the wounded had been taken off the field, but some supposed to be dead, had reived and were in terrible need. One poor fellow said he had lain there fearfully wounded, unable to move, for three days and within touch of a putrid body. He begged of the Sergeant to drag away the body. This he did and ministered to the wounded man and others as he was able. One poor confederate had evidently sought the comforts of religion in the dying hour. His body lay upon its back, and on its breast lay a Xew Testament, upon the fly leaf of which was written "from your sister." Had name and place been given he would have written her words of comfort. He made sure that an ambulance came down to collect the remaining wounded. Every house and barn for miles around was converted into a hospital. He visited some of them and saw the wounded lying so thick he had to step over their bodies to walk among them. On the outside of these hospitals were usually rows of corpses of those who had died the night before. After the battle. Colonel Randall sent to Sergeant Scott a sword and requested that he act as Second Lieutenant, which he did till the regiment was discharged. After reaching Baltimore. Scott paced the depot platform for two hours to determine the question of duty — whether to use his pass and go to Washington and secure a commis- sion in a Negro regiment, or return to his home and his studies. Again he stayed with his regiment and returned to 'Vermont. While at Bakersfield, Colonel Randall visited him and urged him to raise a company and command it in the ITtfi. He de- clined the offer and returned to college, where he graduated in 1865, After the war he made the battle of Gettysburg a careful study, making prominent the part the 'Vermont troops took in that action. He corresponded with many prominent Generals, and secured their opinion of the gallantry of the Green Mountain boys. The result of his study was a lecture on Gettysburg, which he has delivered scores of times. At the meeting of the 13th Regimental Association, at Essex Junction, he by invita- tion delivered this lecture. While in college he partly prepared himself by extra study for admission to the Bar. After an additional study of a year in Bakersfield, in the office of Judge Wilson, he was admitted to the Franklin County Bar at St. Albans in 1S66. He opened an office the same year in 'Vergennes and won a good practice. He was much sought to prosecute claims of soldiers and their widows and children for bounties and pensions, and was uniformly successful. He practiced law for four years. Meantime he married Miss Celia Goodspeed of Charlestown, Mass., October 23rd, 1867. She died February 6th, 1870, at the birth of her child. This child, George Celian Scott, who is his only child, married Miss Susan B. Jacox. They have two daughters, Ruth Marian and Celia Katherine. The death of his wife re-awakened in Mr. Scott a desire to preach the Gospel. Though he had a lucrative practice, he left it to enter the ministry. After three years' study at Andover Theological Seminary, he received a call to the Congregational church in Plymouth, N. H., one of the largest churches of the State, and was ordained over that church, September 3rd. 1873. During his ministry of eight years in Plymouth, he gathered in 124 members, greatly strengthening the church. While there he again married, June 1st, 1874., Mrs. Lydia (Tucker) Cutler. After closing his first pastorate, he took a year of extra study in Andover. While in Andover he was called to the pastorate of Plymouth Congregational Church in the city of Lawrence, Kan., the oldest and at that time the largest congregational church in the State. Here he remained for two years. Re- turning east, he became acting pastor of the church at Rockland, Me., for one year, after which he was installed pastor of first church, Ipswich. Mass. Here he remained for six years, till 1892. In 1893 he began lalois in Atkinson, N. H.. where he remained .as long as he lived, enjoying a long and happy pastorate. (>02 The Tiiirtccntli Rajiiiicnl I \-niuitit I 'uliinlccrs His denomination lionored him frequently. Wlille In Plymouth he servi-d on the executive conimittfe of the New I-lampshire Home Missionary Society and was Moderator of the State Association. The Kansas State Assotiaticn sent him as delegate to the Triennial National Council at Concord. N. H. He was elected by his New Ham|>shire conference to represent them in the same Triennial Council In Portland. Oregon. While In Plymouth. N. H., be was su|>erintendent of schools. In Atkinson he worked hard for and secured the establishment of a free town liurary. While in Plymouth. N. H.. his health failing, his church gave him four months' vacation and continued his salary. He improved the opportunity and took a trip abroad, visiting most of the countries of Europe. He attended the Grand Encampnient of the G. A. R. in San Francisco. Cal.. in 19U3, and visited the Yosi'mite Valley and the Yellowstone Park. He delivered before his people many lectures on his travels. He attended the regimental reunion in 1906 and greatly enjoyed it. He looked younger than most of his comrades and gave promise of many years of usefulness, but on Sunday. March 10. 1907. he was stricken in church with apoplexy. He lingered unconscious until Tuesday, the 12th and peacefully passed away with the setting sun. Thus it has been shown how "the boy is father to the man." The ambitious and diligent student, the moral and upright youth, logically became the brave soldier, the devoted minister of the Gospel and the worthy citizen. Although he had long resided outside of Vermont, he was extensively known in his native state and was universally admired and respected. The following account of his death appeared in the Exeter, (N. H.) News Letter of March 15th. 1907, under the head of Atkinson news: At the close of a veiy impressive sermon on old age suggested by the death of Mr- Thomas Little, the oldest member of the church, the pastor, Rev. G. H. Scott, leaned upon the Bible in his usual attitude for the closing prayer, but no word was spoken; fi lends rushed to his side and the stricken man was tenderly carried to his home. He scon became unconscious and passed away with the setting sun of Tuesday. His last sentence was "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." And now the hush of sorrow broods over the town, for every one has lost a friend. The following account of the funeral and remarks upon his life, appeared in the same newspaper, March 22: In accordance with the wish of the family, the funeral service of Rev. G. H. Scott was of the utmost simplicity. It was conducted by the Rev. G. H. Hubbard, assisted by Rev. .Toseph Kimball. The attendance was very large, and an unusual number of ministers were |)resent from the Rockingham conference, and from the Essex North association, of which Mr. Scott had long been a member. His former church at Ipswich, Mass., was represented by pastor and deacon. The flowers were very beautiful and many of them. At the Sunday n;orning service a letter to the church from Rev. H. A. Merrill was read, expressing sympathy for the people, and an appreciation of the work and worth of our late pastor. In the evening a sketch of Mr. Scott's life, written by his friend and comrade in the Civil War. Colonel Albert Clarke, was read; this paper dealt with his life in the army. Mr. Scott was not only a soldier but a very successful lawyer before he responded to the call to be a minister, bo that he brought discipline, breadth of culture, and a knowledge of men to the profession which was really the choice of his heart. A college classmate writes: 'A man of fine spirit and fine mind, adoring his high calling, and honored of his divine Master in the blessing which has attended his ministry. And his was an ideal translation voicing the gospel of the Savior he so devoutly served, and then called to his great reward." Another, a ministerial neighbor, says, "He had all the good qualities of the best ministers." Mr. Scott had the advantages of travel at home and abroad, of a wealth of books which he so devotedly loved, of a sense of humor which sometimes makes hard things easier to bear, of a ready wit. and a dramatic power as a story teller which made him a desired acquisition at any social function. In common with many men of literary habits Mr. Scott w'as very fond of his garden: early morning found him there at work, and twilight found him watering his shrubs and flowers. The parsonage grounds were his care before he was settled in the new home and trees and vines set out at once. As a pastor Mr. Scott was fond of young people and children: he was "comfort- ing to old people," very attentive to the sick, and to those who suffered and sorrowed he brought from his own rich experience and sympathy, a moral support, as well as the ministrations of a pastor. All this he has been to Atkinson for 14 years! Mr. Scott held the church in "a fine spirit of respect and love." and was so identi- fied in every way with the town that it was "home." and here he planned to spend whatever time of waiting there might be. So it is fitting that he rests in the cemetery Biofjrapliical and Historical of Coin pony G. 603 here with other pastors who have given themselves to the church and the town: Rev. Stephen Peabody. the first minister: Rev. Mr. Pierce, who fell almost before the race began; Rev. S. H. Tolman, twice a resident, and Rev. Jesse Page, "who filled a large space in the history of his native town." Numerous instances have been recorded in American history of the bravery dis- played by the troops on both sides during the civil war, and many stories have been related of the personal valor of soldiers in the important engagements between the forces of the north and south. These stories have been told by the veterans of 1861-5 in their reminiscent talks, and it has been due to the latter that many soldiers of the rebellion have been awarded medals of honor for their conspicuous bravery. With the excitement attending engagements on the battlefield the gallantry of many soldiers is often overlooked, and it is only in after years that the feats performed which played an important part in deciding conflicts between warring forces are re- called. This is true in the case of Rev. George H. Scott of Atkinson. N. H., who twice figured prominently during the battle of Gettysburg. It is seldom that such bravery as his has been shown in the face of an enemy on the battlefield, and the members of the old 13th Vermont Regiment believe that he is justly entitled to recognition from the government for the valor he displayed in one of the greatest battles of the civil war and which until now has escaped the historian, having been recalled by his company commander. Colonel Albert A. Clarke, secretary of the Home Market Club of Boston. Often since the civil war. Rev. Mr. Scott has delivered lectures upon the battle of Gettysburg, but never has he referred to the prominent part which he took. When he was questioned regarding the incidents in which he figured during the repulse of General Lee's invasion of the north by the union soldiers at Gettysburg, he was loath to talk and it was only after he was assured that his bravery had become known after 41 years that he consented. "My part in the Civil War," said he, "was a very humble one. I was a schoolboy at Williams college when the war broke out. I remained Impatiently at my books until 1862. I had previously spent two years in California teaching school to earn money to defray my college expenses. My father was a Vermont farmer with six children to support and educate. He was unable to assist me, and so I was forced to work my own way when I decided to go through college. "I therefore shrank when the civil war broke out from sacrificing my ambition for an education, but when the call came from my native state (I was a native of Bakersfield, Vt.), for a brigade of nine months' volunteers, which was formed into the 2nd Vermont Brigade, I and many other schoolboys saw an opportunity of serving our country, aind, if spared, to return and complete our college course. ■'That call swept many young men from Williams and other colleges into the ranks, some of whom, and 1 was one of them, lived to return and complete our education by dropping back a year. ■During my summer vacation in 1862 I decided to enlist, assisting In raising tu company from the ciuota of five towns, including my native place. This company be- came Company G, of the 13th Vermont Regiment, Colonel Randall commanding. Our services during the fall, winter and spring were with the department of Washington, and we only saw actual fighting at Gettysburg. "As our regiment was in at the two great crises of the battle of Gettysburg and helped to turn the tide in our favor we were naturally proud of it. Two or three days before the battle I received from Washington a pass authorizing me to appear at once before the Casey commission as a candidate for a commission in a colored regiment which they were organizing at that time. "Knowing that a great battle was impending at Gettysburg, I refused to leave my regiment until the conflict came. After a forced march of six days we reached the battlefield and joined the 1st corps. After the defeat of the first day at Gettysburg, during which our corps commander. General Reynolds, was killed and our forces driven from Seminary Ridge and the town, we took up a position on Cemetery Hill. "On the morning of the 2nd there was brisk skirmishing. But each side was de- laying the decisive battle, waiting for its forces to gather and scheming for favorable positions. General Sickles had thrown forward his lines a half-mile in front of our main position. "When the battle began it raged with great fury. The shot and shell fell among us and Captain Williams fell mortally wounded. Lieutenant Albert Clarke, now secre- tary of the Home Market Club of Boston, succeeded to the command led his company most gallantly during the remainder of the battle. "Longstreet, with the flower of the rebel army, attacked Sickles, and after a stub- born resistance Sickles gave way. Many left the northern ranks and went fleeing pell- mell to the rear. Artillerymen cut loose their horses, abandoned their guns and were flying to escape capture. General Wright had thrown a brigade upon our main line and broken it. The rebel had seized a battery and were dragging it from the field. C04 i Iw '1 hirtcciilh Rc(iimciil I crmoiil I nlKnti-rrs "To us in reserve it seemed our retreat iiad alri'ady l)eguii. and if tlie disaster was not at once retrieved tlie retreat might l)e converted into a rout. Hancock calied upon i:)oul)leday lor reinforcements. Douljleday rode toward our regiment and meeting Colonel Randall he said: " "Colonel, where is your regiment," "" "Near at hand, sir.' was the reply. "'"Can your legiment fight?" said Uoubleday. "" "Yes,' replied Colonel Randall, "I personally have been in most of the battles of the army of the Potomac. My regiment has seen little fighting, but 1 have the utmost confidence in them." ■" Then go in.' repli<'d Doubleday. hut first introduce me to your regiment." "They both rode down to where we were impatiently wailing our summons to adion. Said Colonel Randall: "Boys, this is General Doubh^day, our cori)S commander." "■".Men of V'erniont.' said the general, 'you are about to be led into battle. Yoxi will have hard fighting, and much will be expected of you. To-day is to decide whether Abraham Lincoln or .lefferson Davis shall rule this country. The jiraises of the old Vermont brigade are upon every tongue. You will sustain the honor of your native state." ""Our colonel longed for the fray. He at once commanded "attention, by the right flank, march.' As we were marching up the incline under fire, our colonel's horse was shot from under him and fell. His foot was caught under the horse. The regiment faltered. " Go on, boys: go on,' shouted the colonel. "I'll be at your head as soon as I get out of this d — d saddle.' "In a moment he was up on his feet, running, with a limp, around his regiment to the front. Swinging his sword in the air, he cried, 'Come on, boys. I'm all right.' ""We were thrown into the breach, deployed in line of battle, and fired into the enemy 10 or 12 rounds, and were then ordered to charge. The confederates were sur- rounding our guns and dragging them from the field. "After advancing to. say. within 10 rods of the guns, we halted. Volunteers were called for to retake the guns. This incident I remember with most vivid satisfaction. I si>rang forward and called for ethers to follow me. Perhaps because 1 could run faster than those who followed me. 1 was more than a rod in advance. Then. only. 1 feU that rebel muskets were aimed at me and that 1 should fall before I reached the guns. "1 reached the first gun. Others followed and we dragged it to the rear. The artillerymen came back with their horses and thanked us for the recapture of their guns. The enemy did not await us. They abandoned the guns and retired. "'Colonel Randall then did a little fighting on his own hook without orders. He continued the pursuit of the enemy over the field from which Sickles -was driven, and surrounded a house filled with rebels and captured S'i of them. After the capture we retired half way across the Held over which we had advanced and he ordered a halt. "An aide to General Stannard rode down to see what we were up to. Our colonel was not the most modest man in the world, and. as the aide approached, said: "Captain, reiJOrt to the general what we have done. We have recai)tured four guns, taken' two from the enemy, driven theiu a half mile and captured 200 i)risoners. Tell him we piopose resting upon our arms until he acknowledges our achievements.' "Back rode the aide . Our colonel soon discovered a movement on the part of the enemy to flank and capture us, and, preferring to lose his laurels to imprisonment in Libby prison, he led us back to our main lines. As we approached our troops, the soldiers who had witnessed our achievenientt gave us cheer after cheer for the gallant nine months' boys in their first engageiuent. "In the meantime Wright's brigade was driven out of our lines and our lines restored. This closed the battle for the day on our front. During the night our regi- ment occupied the first line of battle on our left centre. This was fronting an open field, as our lines extended along a low ridge between Little Round Top and Cemetery Hill, It was the weakest part of our line. "The second day at Gettysburg was a drawn battle. Neither army had wholly succeeded or wholly failed. True. Sickles had been driven back with frightful loss. Johnson had i)enet rated our lines on the right, but the Round Tops had been saved and our main lines held intact. "On the third day occurred the supreme effort of the rebellion — the greatest artillery duel of the war — and by many believed to be the greatest charge, Pickett"s famous charge on our left center. "Lee determined to make one more desperate attempt to break through our lines. Longstreet spent the forenoon making his combinations and selecting his troops. In the meantime there was heavy skirmishing, as shar]) shooters behind trees and rocks were picking off our men. We were lying prostrate behind a low ridge and some of us behind a stone wall. 'Over the ridge and in front of the enemy was a rail fence. "We were expecting an attack upon this point. That rail fence could be utilized. Let the rails be taken down, piled up in line, say two feet high, and they would serve as a breastwork. Our lU'xjraf^l.ical and Historical of Coiiif^any G. C'05 troops could advance and get nearer the enemy by lying down behind this breastwork and await the charge which we felt sure would come. "Acting Captain Clarke of Company G called tor 10 volunteers. It was dangerous ■work to go out in the open and become targets for invisible skilled riflemen concealed behind rocks, hillocks, and trees, whose delight it was to practice their skill upon Yankees. There was not much glory in tearing down a rail fence, carrying the rails upon your shoulders quite a distance and making a breastwork, but danger and wounds and death are a pait of a soldier's experience, and duty is as imperative before thq call of arms as in the midst of it. "No one evaded the job. As sergeant under Clarke. I felt it my duty to respond to his call and stepped forward and called for others to follow me. A sufficient number responded to do the work. If bullets whizzed by us we could not see them, and they did not hit us. In that service there was no laggard. "It was no effort to work fast, and the lails were soon in place, and right gla•-• CORPORAL JOSEPH W. HITCHCOCK. I am (tilt, ill rassed in atleniptiiiK to write of inysell. Tli.' task seems more rUtiiiK tor aiiotlier. Tliere is no lacl< of incident. altlioiiKti miicti is of minor iiu- Iiortance. Some of tlie details are Kiven tjy special reiiuest. 1 was Itorn in Hakers- Held, Vt.. .July 2:ird, 1X41. and named .losepli Williams Hitchcock, after my uncle. Joseph Williams. My lather was William liingham Hitchcock, son of .luliiis Hitchcock and Huldah Powers, his wife, of Westminster. Vt .\!y mother was Lovina (Clark) Williams, married to William B. Hitchcork Septemher. 1X41). She was a daughter of Ebenezer Williams, the first practicing physician in Makerstield. He traced his ancestry through .loseph Williams of Sharon. Vt.. to Thomas Williams of Rhode Island A, D. 1667. His wife, my mother's mother, was Keziah Perham. Her ancestors were from Croton and Pepijerel, Mass., and Koyalton. Vt. Her mother was a Shattiick. and my grandmother was first cousin to the father of the late I.ysander Shattiick of Kakersfield, Vt. At the age of nine years I removed with my father and mother to Knosburg. Vt.. and thence to the State of Wisconsin, returning to Pakeisfltld Vt.. in October. IS.'/J. Responding to President l>in(oln's call for iiine months* soldiers in August. 1862, I volunteeifcd. at the age of 21 years, and became a member of Company G. Kith Regiment Vermont Volunteers, and was intimately associated with it until July 3rd, 1863. when 1 received a severe wound on the battlefield of Gettysburg, after which 1 was under hospital tieatnifiit and detached from my company. Having el.sewhere written for this work sketches and incidents in our army life 1 will now give attention to the battle of Gettybburg and what followed, a glimpse of it, and nothing more. I remember being profoundly impressed, the second day of the battle, with its magnitude and importance while both armies were concentrating their forces from every side for a terrible conflict. The Confederates were the attacking force, the I'nion atniy the defensive. There was no fighting of importance until well along in the afternoon. While we were in reserve back of Cemetery Hill a vigorous attack was made in front. What a ghostly sight as wounded men and horses trooped over the ridge seeking shelter: men with arms or legs disabled, jiierced in the head, the face, the bodies or extremities stained with blood, hobbling along supported by com- rades, or alone. Horses covered with blood, wounds and gashes on head, body or legs: limping, some of them on three feet, the fourth gone or dangling in the air. A little later the 13th Regiment was ordered forward to retake Battery C. .'jth I'nited States Artillery, captured by the Confederates, an account of which I have given elsewhere. July 3rd, the last day of the battle, we formed a part of the main line on the Union center. There was fighting to the right and the left of us early in the day. Rebel sharp-shooters kept up a merciless fire. The thunder of artillery oh both sides shook the earth. A tornado of shells swept over us while we laid flat on the ground a little below and back of a ridge that afforded protection. Most of the shells swept over us with a frightful jirolonged 'swish,' some so closely we felt their breath. A few exploded near, doing damage. An ammunition supply wagon for a battery, not far away, exploded with a shock like an earthquake. For a time there came a lull, the silence of a sabbath reigned. After noon the rebel batteries opened again on the I'nion center. .\ot less than l.-iO cannon were heard in assault and reply. It was more terrific to the imagination than in destructive effect since the greater pan of the shells exploded at too long range. It ceased. Picket's divisinns advanced from the Confederate main line, in a last desperate attempt to break the Tnion center. The Union army arose to attention. Just then one of General Stannard's aides rode in front of us and said, in a ringing tone. "Men. you know what this means; We, must uhii) them." Our line advanced to the top of the ridge. Union batteries rapidly shifted position to accomtiiodate the new order of things and take most effective positions, horses galloping with the guns to their places. We opened musket fire at long range on the advancing Confederate lines. They passed on close up to us before they replied, contintially closing up the gaps we made in their columns. It was a terrible sight to behold two armies stubbornly standing at short range and pouring their volleys into each other's faces, pushing nearer and nearer. It would be idle to say that the Confederates were not valiant and we w-ere not hard pressed. Our lines in places, were broken, annihilated, but. i)rovidential1y. reserves were at hand to fill up the gap. The Confederate force and endurance were not etjual to the task they had set for themselves. Taking advantage of some confusion in their ranks a Union force, in which the 2nd Vermont Prigade acted an im|)ortant part, at an opi)ortune moment charged their flank with telling effect. The Confederate attack was a failure all along the line and they fell back with great loss. It was a little before this charge that I received a bullet in my left thigh which was not extracted until three years, nine months and seven days afterward, although diligent search by experienced surgeons w^as made for it. I have the bullet still, a treasured relic of the war. A comrade supported me from the ranks to a tree nearby Bioijr,i['lii,-al (,iu/ llistciriral of Cmnf^any C. 609 ■".n the rear, where 1 sat upon the srouiid partially shielded from flying bullets. A little later, leaning on my gun for suijport. risking danger from flying missiles above and all around, 1 forced myself, limping, farther to the rear on lower ground to a place of less danger near a small stone dwelling house then occupied for a Second Corps hospital. Theie I could receive no attention, as I belonged to the First Corps, and laid on the ground with a multitude of wounded as helpless as myself. A light rain fell some time in the night. Spreading my rubber blanket over nie. folded over my shoulder during the battle, I "let it rain.'" It rained again before noon the next day. I asked help to reach the barn nearby, for I could not walk, and took the only vacant place, by the open door, beside a wounded rebel soldier. A bullet had entered his mouth. He could not articulate a word plainly. His mouth, chin and flowing beard were covered with clotted blood. Wounded, blood-stained men, filled the barn floor and covered the ground outside. I saw a young man walking about the ground. 1 called him and requested that he would find my regiment and company on the field and inform them where I was. This he faithfully performed. God bless him. Comrades Charles Ovitt, Oakley Brigham and Henry Wells from Company G came to see me. They looked sleepy and haggard, having guarded rebel prisoners all night after the battle. Helping me into an adjoining shed, where straw was stored, where I had a good shelter, a soft bed and plenty of room, they went to seek needed rest for themselves. Sergeant George H. Scott came twice to see me, bringing .\ssistant Surgeon Crandall who bathed and bandaged the wound, then sent an ambulance with Sergeant George Ladd in charge, that evening, removing me to a First Corps hospital in a straw-thatched barn, four miles away. The w^ounded limb had become very sore and the ride was exceedingly painful. There were many wounded there, all strangers except one from my company, John Teague from Bakersfleld. A bullet passed entirely through both his thighs, back of the bones, making four ugly looking wounds to outward appearance. Notwithstanding his sore and helpless condition he was irrepressibly mirthful, con- tributing much to the cheer of others. We sat and lodged on the ground in an empty bay: a bed of chaff, hayseed and thistles under us, which was more comfortable outside our clothing than it was after working its way inside. July 10th we weie all taken to Gettysburg and then the next day to Baltimore by rail. Sitting all night on the floor of a freight car with just a little hay spread under us, jolting and bumping along, for men whose wounds had reached a stage of e-xtreme sensitiveness, was mild torture. What could not be helped must be endured and so we made the best of it. Little wonder it was when morning came and we w-ere carried out on stretchers placed in a row along the street that many a poor fellow was too much exhausted to sit up. For myself, all I cared for was rest. Every attention and kindness possible for our comfort was freely given by the ladies and citizens of Baltimore. Let it be recorded to their credit. After a good bath and a clean shirt gratitiously supplied, for my knapsack was left on the battlefield, I was borne on the shoulders of four men to AVest's Hospital, in the city of Baltimore. It was a large two story brick warehouse near a wharf on Chesapeake Bay, capable of accommodating one thousand wounded men, temporarily used for a hospital. I must hasten to close this narrative. Good beds, good food and nurses with competent medical and surgical service were provided. The missile that wounded me was some- where deep in the flesh of my left tbigh; it baffled surgical skill to locate it. The wound suppurated profusely, sometimes amazingly. I was confined to my bed unable to walk. In October malarial chills and fever attacked me, seriously affecting my appetite and digestion. Advising with my attendants, I decided to go home to Vermont while I was able to make the journey and wrote my father to come or send some one for me. As he was confined at home caring for my invalid mother. Comrade Oakley Brigham engaged to go. If the reader is interested to follow our journey home. I refer to his narrative. To the best of my remembrance, we left Baltiiuore evening of October 29th, arriving at home afternoon of December 4th. Strong and willing arms in every place lifted and carried me. From Brattleboro I laid on a mattress. I desire to express appreciation of and gratitude tor Comrade Oakley Brigham's kind and con- stant attention to my every need. Home again, delightful! yet exhausted by the journey, obliged for a time to seek complete relaxation and rest. Dr. George D. Stevens attended me. The wound continued constantly discharging more than two years. In the winter following my return an abscess formed beside the original wound which, when lanced, discharged a pint. A little later, in February. Dr. Hiram F. Stevens of St. Albans operated to extract the ball but without success. A year and a half on crutches followed, with very feeble health. February and March. 186.5. I was confined to my bed with bilious fever and threatened inflammation of the bowels, the following summer prostrated some weeks with inflammation of the liver. Before winter (1865) the wound healed without extractiffsr the ball. Nine months later another abscess, which did not heal until the bull^ was extracted six or seven months later. These abscesses were a severe experience, confining me some weeks to the house, for a time to my bed, and placing me under medical treatment. The winter of 1865-6 ^>IO The I'hirtccutli k'n/iiiiriil I' ciiiikiiI I'nluntfcrs I taught a school at Stoneville successriilly although with foelile health, following which I entered upon a course of study in bookkeeping, business methods and tel- egraphy ar Hryant & Stratton Coniniercial College, llurlington, \'t. Obtaining api)ointnieni as Inspector of Customs with headquarters at East Frank- lin, I went thither in December. ISdfi. The tenth of Aiiril. ISd", the bullet in my leg had worked itself so near the surface that I located it and with my pocket knife cut it out myself, no thanks to professional skill. Within ten days it had healed. At the end of one year resignf d as Inspector of Customs and engaged in teaching the school at WesI Berkshire. In January, ni-ar the middle of the term, was again completely prostrated with another abscess and under care of a physician, unable to finish the school, a cause of great disapiiointment to myself and I believe to the pupils also. On recovery studied and practiced photography at Franklin. St. Albans and Bakersfield. spending a number of weeks in the city of Philadelphia under instruction of a professional iihotographer. October fith, lSfi9. I was married to Miss Cornelia Higgins of Logansport, Ind., a niece of .ludge .lohn K. Whitney of Franklin, Vt., who, until her death, February Ifith, 190,1, was my beloved companion nobly sharing and helping in my work and affectionately ministering to nie in ray sickness. In 1S7.3, yielding to the call of the church of which I was a member, I engaged in the work of the ministry and the pastorate, serving at North Hero. Eden, North Hyde Park, Fairfax, Pittsfield and Stockbridge Common. From overwork, the summer of 1884 came near being my last on earth. Slowly rallying, we removed late in the fall to Pittsfield, Vt., residing there in feeble health until my wife's death whin I went to live in Serena. III., with my sister, Mrs. A. K. Dean, also bereft of her companion, Erasmus P. Dean, son of the late Deacon Asa Dean of Bakersfield. Vt. A daily record of events made at the time in Pittman's phonetic shorthand. i)reserved through all the vicissitude of war, has aided in writing these sketches. A stiff knee, permanently imiiaired health and a government pension are constant reminders of my former military service and of my debt of gratitude to those who ministered to me in time of need. J. W. H. THOMAS T. SNELL. I was boin in the town of Enosburg. Franklin County. Vt.. December 8th. 182^. My father, .lohn Snell was a native of Addison. Addison County. Vt. He married my mother and settled on a farm in Enosburg. where both parents died. The homestead descended to nie and I have occupied it all my life. In September. 1862. I enlisted and became a member of CcmiJany G. 13th Vermont Regiment, and was apjiointed Corporal. 1 did not get the stripes taken off from me until 1 had served I'ncle Sam nine months, and then I resigned and served him one month as a private. The 13th Vermont arrived in Washington in due time and then our new life as soldiers began. We en- camped for a time on Capital Hill. My first duty as corporal of the guarti was the saddest of my army life. One of the boys without the password knocked down a comrade on guard duty, and ran to the city. He was arrested and landed in the guard house, and I was directed to hang him up by his thumbs to the ridge pole: so he was obliged to stand on tip toe. It was not for me to say when he was punished enough. The Colonel soon left us. The culprit was soon in actual pain, and begged me to let him down. 1 found the Colonel to get permission to relieve him. He finally told me I could cut him down when he became limber in his knees and not till then. I felt bad for the fellow, but think he got no more than he deserved. It was a warm- ing to us all. and I am glad to say it was the only case of the kind I knew of in the regiment After crossing the Potomac, we were kept very busy on camp and picket duties. A stiuad of men were sent to the front to work. 1 was in charge of them. I am of the opinion the boys did not lose much flesh frotn overwork. I told my Ifi men if I caught cue of them sweating I would send him to camp and detail the other 15 men to take him there. 1 am of the opinion there is but one place where you can get a soldier to do much with a spade and pick, and that is when he is placed at night on guard near a rebel picket line and has to dig a hole before day light to protect him- self or loose his head. Then he will lay to and dig. but as the hole grows bigger, he stops to see if it is not big enough, and when he decides that it is. not another spade full of dirt will he lift. That is my experience as a soldier. THOMAS T. SNELL. Comrade Snell, either through modesty or because he loves a joke, has left out any mention of the most interesting event in his service, but fortunately I can supply it. Being one of the oldest men in the comjiany, he was looked up to for wisdom and sense. He was a prosperous farmer and by letter he directed his farm operations from the front. The seven days' march and changes of water made him ill. but he would not fall out. When the order came to advance to flank Pickett, he told his company commander that if any running was to be done he could not go. He was told there would probably be very little running, but a good deal of fighting, and he said he Biographical and fJisturical of Coiiipaii\' G. 6ii would try to keep up. At the first halt, when he was aiming, a bullet struck his fore- head, above and at the left of the center, and he instantly fell. Lieutenant Clai'ke was surprised when he looked up and was able to speak, saying that he was wounded, and he caused Sumner Warner to help him to the rear, not expecting, however, to see him again. After the battle was over Clarke found him at a hospital, writing home. It seems that the bullet glanced and did not penetrate the skull, though ever since then headaches have resulted in hot weather. Snell has continued one of the best farmers in Enosburg. and at the reunion of the regiment in 1906, he told some of the comrades that, although in his SOth year, he intended to ride the horse rake as usual that summer and that during the past year he has milked seven cows twice a day, missing only fourteen milkings in the year. He was very proud of his company, his regiment and his country. ALBERT CLARKE, Lieutenant of Company G. HENRY H. WELLS, By his daughter, A. L. Stewart, as dictated by her father. son of Eli Wells and Betsey Fullington was born in Bakersfleld. Vt.. October Ut. 1840. He acquired such an education as the schools of Bakersfield could give him. He was brought up on a farm, and acquired the strength and practical experience which the farm gives. When Vermont began to raise her quota of nine months' men, he at once enlisted. It is said that he was the first man in Bakersfield that enlisted under that call. He was soon made corporal and served in that capacity during his term of service. He was actively engaged in the battle of Gettysburg. He still carries the Bear made by the exploding shell that mortally wounded Caittain Williams. He well remembers when Colonel Randall's horse was shot from under him and when the command came to retake a battery and Sergeant Scott cried "for God's sake, boys, take that cannon." After his discharge, he returned to Bakersfield and resumed farming. On December 1st, 1863 he married Sarah S. Ovitt. In 1867 he entered the firm of I. F. Dean & Co.. general merchandise. Bakersfield. In 1871 he returned to the farm. On account of failing health he with his family in 1879, moved to Ness County, Kansas, and settled on a homestead 35 miles from a town or railroad. He was soon active in the civil life of the settlement. He helped organize the first school district and was chairman of the first school board. He was a charter member and worked in the first Sunday school, and heliied build the first church — with improved health and hard work he obtained a competence, and in 1899, he retired from labor on a farm and settled in Hutchinson, a beautiful Kansas town of 15,000 inhabitants. He now owns a comfort- able home surrounded by all one could wish in his declining years. The city soon discovered him, and elected him to the offices of poor commissioner and made him probation officer of the Juvenile court. In this capacity he has served for four years. His keen sense of justice, his warm sympathy, his Christian charity eminently fit him for this office. His three children are well and happily married and prosperous in business. Addie L., is wife of D. A. Stewart, he runs a meat market in Abbyville, Kansas. Elmer E. Wells Is cattle buyer and has a meat market. Byron I. Wells, general mer- chandise, Langdon, Kansas. He feels the government has been good to him. As his health declined his pension was increased till now he draws $24.00 per month. He and his wife are active members of the Congregational Church. His wife is vice- president of the Reno County Sunday School Association and spends much time in visiting Sunday Schools, and attending conventions. This incident of his army life should not be omitted. He says: As we were coming in on the 2nd day from the charge. Major Boynton and I were walking side by side; a rebel soldier lying on the ground wounded, fired at the Major. I sprang forward and would have pinned him to the ground with my bayonet, but the Major caught my gun and would not let me kill him. HENRY H. WELLS. Henry was a comrade honored and beloved. His company was proud of him. He was a faithful soldier. As a corporal, he did his duty with efficiency — as a comrade he was kind and generous — ever ready to divide his rations with a needy soldier. As a christian he "let his light shine", and carried back to his home and his church the simple faith with which he went from them. Since the war he has lived a strenuous life. His constitution has been frail. His health has often failed him. Illness drove him to the frontier in middle life; but failure was not in his vocabulary. He worked on — struggled on — and won out at last. Now as he approaches the sunset he finds himself in a happy and delightful home of his own enjoying In retirement from busi- ness the competence he has gained, his children near him, settled and prosperous, and he wearing the honors and doing the duties, even in feebleness of an office with which his fellow-cltlzens have honored him. This much is due to supplement the sketch which only gives facts in outline. 6iJ 'J lie riiirlcriith k'ri/iuinit I'niiwiil I' olunlccrs CHARLES F. OVITT. This tomradi- was om- of the choU-e men of Company G. To know him was to love him. His royal good fellowship, his ov( rflowing good cheer, his pleasant address, won all his comrades. He combined marked business ability with intense activity which won him success. Few got on in life better than he. lie was quick to help a comrade whose necessities were greater than his. He sought them out and relieved them. As a soldier whatever duty was assigned him he did well and at Gettysburg he won the admiration of all his comrades by his imllinching courage and zeal. Nobody could question his jjatriotism. When duty called he did not shrink at sacrifice. He left his wife and children and a business that demanded his |)resenfe to succeed and entered the ranks with no ambition beyond serving faithfully his country. He had, however, no strong hope that the I'nion armies would succeed in crushing out the rebellion. He would often remark, "The rebellion will never be put down by fighting." His sister and his brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Wells ol Hutchinson Kan., have furnished me the following facts. Charles V. Ovitt, son of Daniel Ovitt and Mazy Fox, was horn in Fairfield, Vt., Novenil)er 12th. 1.S2SJ. He learned industry and econcmy and acquired steady habits on his father's farm. But the farm did not content him. With a good business education he entered the mercantile life and began business in Bakersfield before the war. .January 1. 18.")4. he married Matilda E. Foster. The fruit of their happy maniage were three children. Charles L.. Eddie D.. and Wesley Ray. Eddie died in early childhood. On retiring from the war he resumed work as merchant in Bakers field. His army comrade, H. H. Wells, was for a time associated with him. After a few years he left Bakersfield and settled in West Enosburg. Here he kept a store and ran a grist mill. Here he spent the rest of his life and accumulated a handsome property. He died at his home .June 20th, 1SS7. after a long and painful illness from a complication of diseases contracted while in the army, yet he never asked for a pension and often said there were many others that needed it more than he. His wife and two sons still survive him. His sons are every way worthy such a parentage and training as they enjoyed. They are successful and respected bus- iness men in Enosburg and worthy members of the church. Charles is owner and manager of the telephone at Enosburg Falls and lives there: Wesley has inherited the mill and store of his father: both are married. Mrs. Ovitt still resides at West Enosburg with and near her children, enjoying a serene old age, happy in the memory of "ideal husband and father, a perfect moral character and a devoted Christian." Our Comrade's life long friend. W. O. Brigham. says of him. "I am intimately ac- o.uainted with him and prized him very highly. 1 usually tented with him and marched in the same rank. He was fearless in battle, generous and kind to all in need of help, ready to divide the last crust with those in need, but he had no patience with those who sought to shirk duty." His keen sense of justice was illustrated in this incident: "In one of our regi- mental drills, early in our service, we were thrown into confusion and our guns were not in line. The commanding officer became very angry and cursed and swore at us and declared "we hadn't brains enough to make a monkey of." Ovitt was very indignant at such treatment. He determined to beard the lion in his den. He sought out the officer and told him, "The soldiers were not accustomed to such treatment at home" and in strong terms expressed his disapproval. The officer saw his mistake and apologized. "On the third day when Pickett began his charge we were ordered to move forward and lie down behind some rail breastwork which we had previously built and in this jjrotected place load and fire, lying down. Charles was the first to jump to his feet and said, 'Boys, we are here to whip the rebels, so let's go about it.' He stood erect, loading and firing. Inspired by his example the whole company •without command sprang to their feet and poured a deadly fire into the enemy's flank." Comrade Wells gives this incident; "After the enemy had surrendered. Colonel Randall called on 20 volunteers from the regiment to go and take in the prisoners. This was dangerous work for after the charge of the enemy failed the rebels opened upon us with their artillery. Ovitt was the first to volunteer. I was second, and 12 of us went and gathered them up. Upon this the Colonel ordered the 2nd Company to guard the prisoners to the rear. T^^pon that I^ieutenant Searles of Company I ordered his company to go. Then I said. 'Your company does not happen to he the 2nd Company to-day.' Then T.ieutenant Searles asked the colonel which company, by letter, he meant. He replied. 'Company G are the ones that took the prisoners.' PMnally the honors were shared by both companies." In early life Charles joined the Methodist Episcopal church and continued an active and constant member till his death. Thus far his children have followed his example. SAMUEL CUTTING ■was a good soldier, always on hand for duty, was married before going to war: had six children, four sons, two daughters. The oldest, Lottie, married Stokes Start and has BiiKjrapliual ami Historical of Company G. 613 six boys. The second married a son of Ransom Holmes. I thinlc liis name is Fred. Mr. Cutting's wife, I think, died before him. Mr. Cutting was not apparently as anxious to secure an abundance of this world's goods as many but lived at peace with friends and neighbors. Mrs. Cutting was Elizabeth Brown, born in Bakersfield. Mr. Cutting resides in Massachusetts. JOHN COMBS, the son of Caleb Combs and Abigail Gross Combs, was born in Richford, March 19, 1833. His father was a farmer and he had the usual experiences of a farmer's boy. Before the war he made his home in Montgomery. After his discharge his places of residence were Montgomery, Vt., and Leominster, Mass. He could turn his hand at many things and at different times he was farmer, millmau, wheelwright, etc. July 4th, 1S5.5. he and Sophronia L. Wellmau became one in marriage. They became the happy i)arents of five children: Ernest E., of Montgomery, Vt., John H., Montgomery, Vt., Minnie J. Fogutz, Worcester, Mass., Emerson W., of Montgomery, 'Vt., and Lillian M. Ccmings of Richford. All these are married with homes of their own. John was steady and industrious, a devoted husband, kind, loving father and a good citizen. His patriotism showed itself in deeds, not words. That his young and growing family depended on him for support did not deter him from joining his country's defenders. When the call came for nine months' men in the fall of 1S62 he enlisted in Montgomery, Vt., and became a member of Company G. He soon won the respect and esteem of his fellows. He was a good soldier, he shrank from no duty however hard ; he feared no danger, he was kind and tender hearted, ever ready to "lend a hand to assist a comrade, and in the test proved himself as brave upon the battlefield as he was faithful in camp. The wound he received on the 3rd of July shows he was in the thick of the fight. A bullet passed through the left arm into his side, struck a rib and glanced out. removing a nipple. This wound so weakened his constitution that the government gave him a pension of $14.00. Whether in peace or war he lived his life well. He was the best marksman in the company. After a painful and lingering illness he received his final discharge. His wife survived him till Seirtember, 22nd, 1906, when she followed her husband into the world of spirits. HARVEY BARNES was a member of the Methodist Episco|)al church of his town. He was a somewhat nervous temperament, but of good intentions. He left one living daughter, Sarah, who is a w-idow now living in Patton, Province of Quebec. He was born in Bakers- field; his father's name w-as Joshua; his mother, Nabby Weston. His wife, Esther Downs, died a year or two previous to his death. WILLIAM OAKLEY BRIGHAM. I enlisted August 19th, 1S62, and joined Company G. The company gathered at Enosburg and was organized. After a few days we marched to Bakersfield where we were drilled by Colonel Ladd of Enosburg Falls and by Sergeant Ladd, who had seen some service in the 1st Vermont. We left Bakersfield for St. Albans and Brattleboro September 28th, about 12 p. m., reached Brattleboro September 29th, 4 p. m. and marched one mile to our camp ground. Here we received our blankets and spread them upon the bare floor of our barracks. The next day brought some straw for our bunks. We were thankful for this improvement on the soft side of a board, a taste of worse things to come. Our military duties commenced October 1st. I was detailed as camp guard. Our rations for dinner were salt beef and stale bread. For a week we spent our time drilling, policing the camp and keeping guard. On the 9th our knapsacks and guns were inspected, on the 10th we were mustered into United States service and received $6.7.5 State pay. We left Brattleboro for Washington on the 11th via H. & N. H. R. R. and Long Island Sound and the Pennsylvania R. R. We rode on freight cars from Philadelphia to Baltimore. While marching through Baltimore at 1 o'clock at night we thought how the Massachussetts troops were attacked in this city and wondered if some stray brickbats might be hurled at our heads. During our first night in Washington each company slept in line with knapsacks for pillows, our guns being stacked in front of us. We camped the next day on Capitol Hill. It being very rainy many of us contracted rheumatism, diarrhoea and the like, from lying on the damp ground. I was on the sick list and was excused from marching. At length we left Capitol Hill, crossed the Potomac and settled down at Camp Vermont. While here 1 seldom failed to do duty on account of sickness. At about Christmas time several of the boys had boxes "from home. The depot was three miles away; we went after them on foot. Our way of transporting these boxes was primitive. We fastened one to a pole and then with a comrade at each end of the pole marched back to camp. And, thanks to the goodies in the boxes, we were able to observe Christmas. 6l4 I lie 'riiirU'ciilli Rcijimcnt I'crinont I'ohinlccrs Once we wore on picket in the woods beside a road. In the night we heard horses approachinK on the run. We called a halt twice. They halted l)ut getting no reply, we crept down near them and found they were horses without riders — not a dangerous enemy. The dialect of the natives was amusing to us Yankees. 1 once inquired ot a woman how far it was to camp. She replied. "It is three hollars and a right smart walk beyond." Women would come around with jties to sell. At home •we would hardly feed a dog with them. Hill Dwyer was quite a wag. He told one of them that her pies were too rich and hearty and he wished she would make a dozen for the next day with crusts a good deal thicker and not near so rich. The pies were made, she was promptly on hand and went from tent to tent in pursuance of her customer, but no Dwyer could be found. At the junction of the Otcoquan and the Potomac there was a ford, not passable at high water. As the water went down it was suspected rebels were secretly crossing it, so I was placed as guard at that point with instructions not to allow any passing. Marcus Andrews and Edward Cantwdl were with me. One night, June 23rd, I saw two men in a boat crossing to the opposite shore. Immediately I commanded, "Halt." They rowed all the faster. I ran down the bank and again cried. "Halt," two or three times. As they did not stop I raised my musket and fired. The ball came unpleasantly close to them. Andrews raised his gun to continue the rifle practice. Seeing their danger, believing that "discretion is the better part of valor," they about-faced and rowed toward us. The water near the shore was shallow and the bottom muddy so they were obliged to leave their boat and wade ashore. They proclaimed their innocence, but I believed them to be spies. I then undertook to do what I believe was very foolhardy, to march them through the woods two miles to our reserves under Lieutenant Canfield. So. ordering them in front of me. 1 alone marched them through the woods and delivered them to the Lieutenant. If they had had pistols they could easily have shot me. This was my last picket duty. The next day, June 25th, at 7 a. m. we broke camp and commenced the long seven days' march to what proved to be Gettysburg. Many of us, as our term of service had nearly expired and not knowing our destination, believed wo were starting for home. So we loaded ourselves down with all manner ot truck which, with 40 rounds of cartridges, five days' rations, a canteen of water and knajjsack with blanket and overcoat, soon began to tell upon us. And so we began to throw unnecessary things away at first and then the more valuable till our line of march was bestrewed with souvenirs, keepsakes, blankets, shirts, etc., as the result of the first day's march. I had made a large blister on each foot. I then threw away my socks and went without any till I reached Bakersfield. Wherever opportunity offered 1 would bathe the sore feet in water till they finally healed. I stood the march very well till the last day which was very hot and muggy. I came near prostration from the heat but I kept up with my company and a cup of coffee and a night's rest prepared me for the next day's battle. I was near Captain Williams when mortally wounded. I assisted in repressing a rebel regiment which had broken our lines. I helped recapture a battery and roll back a cannon into line and to pursue and capture about eighty rebels. July .'?rd. in the forenoon, I assisted in laying up a breastwork of rails. While laying behind a battery a piece of shell struck within a few inches of my head. When Pickett began his famous charge we were ordered forward to lie down behind that breastwork of rails. ■When ordered to fire we could not do it well lying down. Charles Ovitt said. "We can't do anything so." He was the first to rise and fire standing. Soon the whole company were on their feet. In attacking Pickett's flank some of the boys had close calls. Harrison Wells had his rubber blanket rolled up and hung over his shoulder. A ball went through the whole thickness of the roll and his clothes beside and dropped down next his skin. After the repulse of the enemy I assisted in gathering up the prisoners and marching them to the prison camp and guarding them till S o'clock a. m. On returning to camp I found the bands playing and h.^-ard that the rebels were retreating and the Sixth Corps and the cavalry were pursuing — a great 4th of July for us. On October 26th I was in Bakersfield and went to Baltimore to get Joseph Hitchcock of Company G. He was wounded and taken to the hospital in Baltimore. I found him discouraged and losing ground. He had great difficulty in getting his discharge papers. I was able to make affidavit to the facts they required to give the discharge. Having his discharge, on the 3rd we started for home. On reaching New York Joseph seemed perfectly prostrated. Securing an ambulance I took him to Howe's Relief Hospital where he remained from Friday till Monday. On that day we went on to Brattleboro where he was mustered out. thence we went to Bakersfield. By means of boards across the seat and a straw tick on the boards we extemporized a bed on the car till he reached St. Albans. From there an express wagon with a bed in it conveyed him to Bakersfield. I think he would have died had he remained in Baltimore. Bioyraphical and Historical of Company G. 6is I was born in Bakersfield, Vt., May ICth, lS6:i. My pai-ents were Samuel S. Brigham, a native of Bakersfield, and Mary Powers, a native of Templeton, N. H. They were farmers. My grandjiarents were Eli Brigham and Mary Houghton. My great-grandfather was Jonas Brigham. Esq. He was a man of marked ability. Bakers- field elected him as her first representative to the legislature and re-elected him for 17 consecutive years. I spent my boyhood at home on the farm, attended the district school and several terms at the Bakersfield and Barre academies. My football and base- ball education were sadly neglected, but instead work on the farm hardened my muscles and gave me good health and helped me to form industrious and temperate habits. I taught district school for a few terms. I then went to Illinois and engaged in mercantile business for two years in the cities of Quincy and Warsaw. In the spring of 1S60 I returned to Bakersfield and, being the only son, resumed w^ork on the old farm. When the call came for 300,000 nine months' men I obeyed the call with many young men of my acquaintance and tried to serve my country well during my full term of service. On my return from the war I again resumed farming which was my life work till I retired from the farm to the village. On February 17th, 1864, I married Nellie M. Perkins. Three children were born to us, Clarence, Clara and John. Clarence and Clara were twins, born February 5th, 1867. John was born July 18th, 1872. They were all graduates of Brigham Academy. Clarence and Clara for a time taught in the same school. Clarence took a four yeais' course at the University of Vermont and a three years' course at the medical school. He now resides in Leominster, Mass., in successful practice. He has been married twice. His first wife was Anna Tracy, a graduate of the university, by whom he had two children. Paul and Hellen. She died suddenly of apiiendicitis. His second wife was Mrs. Jennie Tilman McKinney, cousin of Senator Tilman. She died in 190.J. Clara took a three years' course in the Boston Art School. Afterward she married C. M. Boutell. Their residence is Shrewsbury, Mass. They have two children. Doris and Charles. My son. John took one year at the university and three years at the dental college in Boston, where he graduated at the head of his class of 60, receiving a prize of $"25.00 and delivering the valedictory address. He is now practicing dentistry in Winchendon. Mass. He mariied Mabel Powers of Bakersfield. a graduate of the Brigham Academy. I have been honored with most of the offices of the town, selectman, lister, trustee of public money, overseer of the poor for 20 years, and superintendent of Poor House Association. I represented my town in the legislature in 1892. My wife, Nellie, died December 10th, 1893. October 22nd, 1895, I married Mrs. Rilla (Field) Worthing. I now reside in Bakersfield village, measurably free from the infirmities of age, serving, as I am able, my town and my church. William Oakley Brigham. LEWIS BOVAN was born in Canada but early moved to Vermont with his parents and here his educa- tion, ambition, aspirations, patriotic feelings were largely the result of his youthful environments and when he arrived at the age of 21 was a good Vermont citizen ready and willing to fight for his adopted country. He volunteered in September, 1862, from the town of Bakersfield and joined Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He was a good soldier, ever on hand and ready for duty, was full of tun and had a pleasant disposition. His broken speech because of his native tongue often was the cause of amusement among his comrades. He was 21 at date of enlistment, rugged, vigorous, active and horny handed like most of his nativity who had followed the occupation of a farmer. He was glad to lay down the plow and scythe and take up the gun for home and country. He delighted to visit the farmhouses near our cam]) either night or day and chickens had to roost high, pigs run fast to escape Bovan's sharp eye and nimble feet. Fricassee chicken and pork chop was almost a daily repast with Bovan's tentmates and it was said that Captain Williams quite often found chicken and fresh pork, ham and eggs ready for the kettle and spider. It was a mystery to the captain but he prudently avoided an investigation, taking for granted that his cook had supplied the necessaries for his table with the money he furnished him for the purpose. Comrade Bovan would march all day and as soon as dark start out to beg, buy or make requisition on the farmers along our long journey to Gettysburg. He was a good forager and never returned to camp empty handed. He stood the march well and arrived in pink condition, neither hungry or thirsty. He flinched not in the hour of danger and stood up boldly side by side with the bravest until the battle was won. Since the war Comrade Bovan has roved about considerable and like nearly all of his nationality has acquired but little for a rainy day. But the magnanimity of the glorious country he helped to save provides him with a generous pension in his old age. He now resides in St. Albans city. Vt., and is often seen on Lake street 6i0 The rhirtcciith Rcijiinciit I'cviiioiil I'oluiitccrs looking and watching for some old couiiadi- to talk abmit lln- days when down on the sunny banks ol' U2 he enlisted in Company G, 13th Vermont Volunteers. Soon after the regiment reached the front he was detailed from his company to serve in the Ambulance Corps, and was assigned as an ambu- lance driver. He was the oldest man in the detail, having the full confidence of the surgeons and hospital attendants. He was always in demand when they wanted a careful prudent man. He was looked up to by every man in the corps as a model to go by. He served his full time, came home and resumed farming, but in February, 1865, he again enlisted, was credited to the town of Fairfield and was assigned to Company K, 17th Vermont Volunteers, joined the regiment in front of Petersburg, Va., in fore part of March. At the time he joined the regiment there were seven recruits that were assigned to Company K. The first time he went on picket duty our lines were driven in by an assault in the nii;ht. Soon after this the storming of Fort Steadman took place, and then April 1st the assault upon the forts in front of Petersburg. Comrade Corse and one other of thesi' seven recruits were the only ones who were not hit with bullets; the company went into this battle with one commissioned officer and 2S men. Lieutenant Henry was killed and ten men wounded. Comrade Corse came home at the close of the war. resumed farming for a number of years. After the death of his first wife he lived in the village of his native town for a few years, was married again to Mrs. Sophia Squires. Wakefield, established a home in the village and lived a quiet, contented life tor a number of years. He died June 29th, 1903, and is buried in the cemetery at Bakersfield, Vt. Of his family, Mrs. Corse lives in Bakersfield, a son, E. C. Corse, in Underbill; two daughters, Mrs. Laplant lives in Enosburg and Mrs. Reed in Bakersfield. Vt. I was one of his comrades in the Ambulance Corps in 1S62-3 and a sergeant in Company K, ITth Vermont Regiment, in 1865. WILLIAM M. NARA.MORE. Bakersfield, Vt.. January, ISO."). EDWARD CANTWELL. Edward was a native of Montreal, Canada. His father died in that city when his boy was only four years old, left fatherless and with a mother unable to support him. He was given to a Mr. Wheeler living in New York state. As Edward retained the name of Cantwell. Wheeler could not have adopted him. He had scant opportun- ities to obtain an education. During his boyhood, about ISoO. he moved to Franklin county, Vt.. where he spent the rest of his life. His occupation both before and since the war has been that of farming. To his adopted country he was loyal and patriotic. In the summer of 1862 he enlisted in the town of Berkshire and joined Company G. 13th Vermont. He served through his term and was discharged with his regiment. As a soldier he was obedient to his superiors, faithful in the discharge of duty and respected by his comrades. At an early age he married Mary Scofield of Sheldon, Vt. The fruits of their marriage were Hannibal, now residing in Enosburg; Anna, wife of Thomas Longe of East Highgate; Clara, wife of James Hancock. Waterville. Me.; Charles and Edward Who reside in Swanton. For the past twelve years his family have lived in Swanton. His health had been poor. He passed away. August 22nd, 1903. A few comrades fol- lowed his remains to their last resting place in Riverside Cemetery, Swanton. Com- rade Sturtevant says of him that he appeared to be a well disposed and kind hearted man. May he rest in peace. His wife and children survive him. JUSTIN C. CONVERSE. .Justin was a Bakersfield boy. He was the son of Arad Converse and was born September 6th, 1838. With other Bakersfield boys be enlisted for a term of rine months and faithfully served his country during his term of service. He was nronght up on a farm. He was reserved and diffident but deported himself well as a soldier On his return from the army he resumed his occupation as a farmer. He has lived »n Bakersfield and Cavendish, Vt., and Springfield. Mass To him and his good wife. Sabina Converse, there have been given three children. These are all married an<} settled in Springfield, Mass. Their names are Fred F. Converse. Wallace J. Converse Biographical and Historical of Coiiipany G. 617 and Flora (Converse) Gray. Justin's constitution was impaired in the army and he drew a pension of twelve dollars. Of late years he had been quite broken in health. The end came at last. The tinal muster out occurred August 9th, 1905. His wife, Sabina, and his three children survive him. NELSON S. DAVIS. I was born at East Enosburg. Vt.. July 2nd. 1S3S. I am a son of Daniel and Lucy Davis. My father's parents were Richard Davis and Laeah Garfield. My mother's parents were Stephen and Lydia Davis, she did not change her name by marriage so I am a thoroughbred Davis except a little Garfield blood. At the age of 21 I married Lydia K. Perkins. July 14th, isr)9. She was born July 18th, 1S3S. There were born to us five children, two daughters and three sons: Mrs. C. E. Kilburn, Pittsfield, Mass.; Mrs. A. N. Bingham, Lawrence, Mass.; A. N. Davis. Rowley, Mass.; Edward N. Davis, Hazelton, Iowa; Oscar B. Davis, North Cambridge. When President Lincoln called for 300,000 men to serve for nine months I enlisted with seven others from the east part of Enosburg in the fall of 1862. We entered Company G of the 13th Vermont Regiment and were taken to Brattleboro for drill, equipment and muster. While there eight or ten of us went outside the camp guards for the purpose of having a prayer meeting. On our return the guard would not allow us to go into camp as we had not the password, it having been changed while we were absent. So we were marched to the guard house. When matters were ex- plained we were allowed to go free. Later on I w^as taken sick and was removed to the hospital; while there I was mustered into the United States service on my back. The next day we started for Washington. On arriving there I was left at the Sundry Commission Rooms, between the depot and Capitol, where I remained over a week. Meanwhile the 13th was encamped on East Capitol Hill. Being somewhat better, I obtained a pass, thanks to the lady in charge of the ward, to join my regiment. Soon we broke camp, crossed the long bridge over the Potomac and established ourselves at Camp Vermont. While there I recall this incident; A straw stack on the flat between the camp and tlie Potomac was set on fire and burned. Three ot my tent mates were suspected, as they had some trouble with the guard about getting some straw for their tents. I endeavored to do my duty in camp, on the march and in battle. When discharged at Brattleboro I returned home and resumed work on my farm until November, 1885. when I sold my place and came to Clinton, Mass., where I now reside. No. 88 East street. NELSON S. DAVIS. MARTIN N, DODGE. I now reside in Jeffersonville. Vt. I am a son of Nathaniel and Abigail Dodge, grandson of Enoch and Joel Dodge. I can trace m.v ancestors back two hundred years. They took part in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812-14, the Mexican War, and the Civil War. When I look over the genealogy of the Dodge family I am proud of the record. I was born in Eden. Vt., August Sth. 1840. I was married to Charlotte A. Barnes March 3th. 1862. I have no children. I enlisted in the town of Bakersfield and served in Company G, 13th Vermont; rank, high private in the rear rank, and served till I w-as mustered out at the close of my term of service. M.V occupation before enlistment was farming. Since the war I was a farmer for a time then, for over fifteen years, a marble worker at Proctor, Vt. My wife is of patriotic stock. Her grandfather was in the war of 1812. She had two brothers and four brothers-in-law in the Civil War. She is a great admirer of Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley, but doesn't like Cleveland because he went fishing on Memorial Day. I am a member of the I. O. O. F. and was Noble Grand of Beaver Lodge, No. 47, Proctor, Vt. Am a member of the Grand Army and have been for two years. The experience of our short term of service I shall leave to more able pens than mine. Jeffersonville, Vt., April, 1905. ilARTIN N. DODGE- DENNIS S. DOW, son of Benjamin and Deborah (Gilman) Dow. was born in Enosburg, Vt., September 18th, 1825, married Harriet E. Dunton. daughter of Hiram E. and Lucy Dunton, in December, 1854. One child was born to them, a son, John E.. born January 1st, 1855. He enlisted from Enosburg in September, 1862, becoming a member of Company G. 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. Was discharged in November, 1862, because of illness. His occupation before enlistment was carpenter and joiner. Since discharge has been a farmer, living in West Enosburg. Vt. While in Washington a comrade asked a stranger where the office was where they filled out the transportation papers, and was directed to a gambling den. Being in *'if^ ill'- riwrtcoith Regiment W-rmoitt I'oluntccrs suih a hiiiry to get his iiiiulc out first, he did not wait fof his conirades but t-ntcred and made his wants Itnowii. One of the men directed him to the right i>lacc and wrote something on a paper and told him to present it to the man at the desk vvfil, glasses on. I pon rearhing the otlice he did as he had been diiected and the man. after reading the paper, laughed very heartily and slapped his Itnee and then passed the paper to the other men in thi- room, causing much laughter. As a result they made a mistake in making out the papers which was not discovered until he got to the station and he was obliged to go back again. He knew that he could not return in time for the train so he could not start for home that day. He felt so Ijadly that I pitied him and stayed with him. He then went to the Sanitary Commission and asked if we could stay all night but were refused, so we had to go to the barracks which we found deserted. But as we had no money it was the only place for us two men alone in such a i)lace. unarmed and supperless. During the evening a man entered the building. He was dressed in a long cloak and asked if we had drawn our pay. I spoke uj) and told him it was none of his business. He replied. "I'll show you." Then my comiade spoke to a bloodhound that had followed us and we had made friends with, and said. "Look after that man. don't take your eyes off him." The man did not stay long after that. About midnight a company of .Massachusetts men entered the barracks and I said to the caiitain. "We claim your protection, we are unarmed men." so he ordered a number of his men to lie down around us while he proceeded to the city with the rest of the men. In the morning the report came to us that one poor devil was dead outside the barracks, robbed and murdered. Died at ■West Enosburg, Vt.. November 14th. lOiiK. and there buried. His widow and son, J. E. Dow, live in Enosburg. Vt. JAMES A. EDWARDS was a son of Joel Edwards and Eliza Strong, both of Lowell, 'Vt. He was horn In Lowell December 2nd, 1SS2. He has spent most of his life as a farmer in his native town. He married Mary S. Tillotson. The fruits of this union were two daughters, Emily and Hattie. Emily married Sam Crofts and lives in Rumney. N. H. Hattie married Lincoln Bowin. .lames enlisted in Bakersfield with the nine months men and served in Company G till his time of service expired. Of his life and character only words of praise can be spoken. As a soldier he was ever found in the paths of duty, obedient, patriotic, upright, a worthy example to all his comrades. As a citizen he was a man of strict integrity and enjoyed the respect and love of all who knew him, a kind neighbor and a loyal friend. In his home he was a devoted and loving husband and father. His days w^ere not long. He passed away in Lowell April .ith, 1889. His widow followed him February 0th. ]9"2. in the home of her daughter, Mrs. Crafts. HOMER C. FLETCHER ■was from Enosburg, Vt.. and was one of the musicians of Company G. He was a fine appearing young man and liked by all his company associates. He volunteered in September and on the organization he was appointed fifer. His place of birth ■was said to be Enosburg. The march to Camp Seward and then to Camp Vermont and exposure in canij) on Capitol Hill induced typhoid fever from which he died in the hospital at Camp Vermont November ISth. lSfi2. It was the first death in Company G. Every heart was sad because of this untimely death. Every thing possible was done that he might live. He was taken to Alexandria by Captain White and sent to his home in Enosburg where he was buried November, 1862. JOHN S. HAYES was born in Enosburg in the year 1S3.5. He was the son of H. D. Hayes and Delia Snell and nephew of Corjioral Thomas T. Snell. He married Eliza Cutler and had by her two children. Harley and Hattie Hayes. He has resided since the war in Enosburg and died at his home there December 2oth, 1893. His two children survive him. He was a good soldier, patriotic and brave. He was pleasant and genial and added much to the life of the camp. He had a peculiar, ripling. musical laugh. Though In his tent it could be heard all over the camp and often the boys would try to Imitate him. Corporal Snell says of him. "John lived up to orders the nearest of any man I knew. He was ever ready for duty In camp or on the march. When on the march to Gettysburg he was detailed to guard our train. That kept him in the rear. On reaching Frederick he came to camp and told the captain he believed we were going to have a fight and he wanted to be in it and requested that another man be detailed to take his place. But his friends berated him. Sumner Warner called him a fool for wanting to risk his life in battle, while his uncle advised the captain to send him back to his detail. Overborne by his friends, he resumed his duty as guard of the trains, to his lifelong regret for that kept him out of the fight. On his return Biographical and Historical of Company G. 619 home whenever anybody asked him if he was in the battle he would reply, 'No, I was three miles in the rear guarding a pork parrel kicked out of camp by my uncle. He was a warm friend and a bitter enemy.' " Had his heart's desire been gratified and he been permitted to meet the enemy face to face, his friends have no doubt he would have been among the bravest of the brave. After the war he resumed the business of farming and lived an industrious and respectful life. His wife passed on before him. NORMAN HOGABOOM was born in Highgate, Vt., September 1836. His parents were farmers. His training on the farm taught him habits of industry and economy. Before the war his resi- dence was Berkshire, Vt., from which town he enlisted September 20, 1S62, and .ioined Company G. While he remained in the service he acquitted himself with credit. He was a good soldier, obedient and faithful and won the respect and confidence of his comrades. But his military service was short. The hardships of army life under- mined his health and on March 16th. 1863, he received his discharge on account of disability. His marriage to Susan Woodard occurred March 4, 1862, only a few months before his enlistment. His newly wedded wife gladly welcomed home the invalid and nursed him back to health. They both are blessed with length of days. After his service he took up his residence in Richford. where lie now resides. He resumed farming. His fellow citizens have respected and loved him. He has held many of the offices and appointments in the gift of the town. He is no believer in race suicide. He has reared up a large family and lived to see his children married and settled in the world. They are Lora, Ethan, Albert. Horatio and Flora. The first three live in Richford, Horatio in Chelsea and Flora in Montgomery. Horatio married Carrie Woodworth; Ethan married Ines Combs; Albert married Pearl Fletcher; Flora married Charles Barnes. Jlay his children and grandchildren gladden his age. H. R. HEATH, son of Elisha Heath and Mary Noyes, was born in Richford. Vt., February 14th, 1845. His father was a farmer and so was he. His native town has always been his residence. The war stirred his soul and fired him with patriotism and at the early age of sixteen he enlisted in Richford for nine months. He was retiring and diffident but kind hearted and generous, ever ready to lend a hand to a needy comrade. He was brave and cool in action. At Gettysburg he acquitted himself with credit. On the third day he was wounded in the leg by a piece of shell. After serving his time in the 13th he again enlisted for one year and was assigned to the 6th Vermont Infantry and rendered faithful service till his discharge. The war ended, he resumed labors on the farm and continued there till failing health compelled him to leave the farm and move to Richford village. Clara E. Smith was the loved one of his choice whom he married March 2nd, 1872. One child blessed this marriage, who survives, unmarried. In his later years he was a great sufferer from rheumatism and often required help to get around. The government was good to him and as health failed him increased his pension till it reached $.50.00 per month. His final muster out was on September 4th, 1903. His wife survives him and lives In Richford. To her I am indebted for the above facts. LEWIS A. HIX. This young man was known for his exuberant spirits and his love of fun. On the great march the brigade halted one mid-day to make coffee and some of the boys climbed some cherry trees near by. General Stannard sent an orderly to command them to return to the ranks, but they told him he was nothing but a private and he might go back to headquarters. Then the General sent one of his staff officers, who ordered them to get down. They obeyed, but as soon as his back was turned they climbed back. Then the General went himself and that was effectual. Some hours afterward, on the march, having talked about many other things. Hix said to a com- rade: "I like the old General; he don't take on any airs, he isn't above speaking to a private." "Has he ever said anything to you?" asked Sergeant Scott. "Yes. he has once." "What did he say?" "May be I can't repeat it all. for it kind o' took my breath awaj-. but I remember this much, ' your eyes, get out o' those cherry trees!' and I didn't wait to hear any more." After the war Hix drifted away to some other part of the country and bis comrades have not heard of him since. MUNSON L. HULL, son of Francello Hull and Sally Fairbanks, was born in Fairfield. His parents after wards settled in Bakersfield where Munson was brought up, educated and resided till (^2Q 'I lie 'I'liirliCiilli liiiiuiicnt I'lniumt I'uhtiilccrs his death. The bride of his choice was Olive llaiiiiltcii of IJridport, Vt.. wjioiu he married in 1855. To this marriage three children were KJven. Flora, who married Ceorge Atkinson, Erving, Mass.: Hattie, now .Mrs. William Prouty, Itolton Springs, P. Q., and Cora, who died young. Mimson was a first class mechanic ol' more llian ordinary skill. He drew the architectural plan of Hrigham .Academy. He «as a worthy, useful citizen, a lueniber of the Congregational church, a kind neighbor and devoted husband and father. He was a good and faithful soldier and helpful in cases of sickness and need. During part of his term he was nurse in our regimental hospital. On his return home he resumed work at his trade. He met wiih an untimely death by drowning in Hakersfleld April :50th, 1872. His wife and two daugliters survive him. His widow resides in Liolton Springs, P. Q. SILAS LAROCK, son of ,Iohn Larock and Julia Lumbra, was born in Montgomery, Vt., 1840. When the call came for nine months' men he caught the war fever and enlisted in Berkshire and joined Company G, 13th Vermont. He loved his country and served her well. .As a soldier he was faithful, steady, obedient to superiors and respected by his comrades. After his term of service exi)ired he was drafted October Tth, 186.3, and was assigned to Company G, 5th Regiment. Vermont Volunteers. .After the war he married Elizabeth Lumbra, in 1867. The fruits of this marriage were seven children, Frank, Willie, Mary, Jessie, Sadie, Jennie. Hennie. These children are married and reside in and near Mont- gomery. Silas was a good father and loving husband and a respectful citizen. After a lingering illness he passed away in 1887. .After a widowhood of four years his wife married again and is now residing in .Montgomery, Vt. OCTAVE AND LEVI LAFLEUR. They were of French descent but of .American adoption. They were brothers, born in .Montgomery, Vt.. Octave in 1836 and Levi, Octover 29. 1844. They were genuine Americans in language and thought and were as patriotic and loyal as the descendants of the Pilgrims. In the fall of 1862 they both enlisted at .Montgomery for the term of nine months and became members of Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment. They served till their term expired. They were faithful in all soldierly duties, they were quiet and orderly in camp, respectful to their superiors, bore hardships like good soldiers and were brave and cool on the battlefield. In their boyhood they had had few advantages: in the army their eyes were opened, they learned much of men and life, of their country and its grand opportunities. After their army service their paths soon diverged. Octave w&j! quick to see the large opportunities of the West and in due time made his home in Minneapolis. Levi enjoyed a good degree of health till his last sickness: this was long and painful, lived in Richford for 33 years. He married Julia Reno of Rich ford. He illustrated the fecundity of his race. From this union sprang nine children. Five of these are living, Jennie, Ezra, William. Ella and George. .AH reside in Richford, Vt., their native town. Jennie married Jerry Blanchard. Ezra married Grace I.aHeur. William. Effie Wright and Ella, ilorgan Laywer. George is unmarried. Levi Lefleur was but a lad of IS years. His youth did not deter him from serving his country, so he followed the example of his brother and joined him in the ranks. Levi enjoyed a good degree of health till his last sickness: this was long and painfiil, the result of rheumatism and consumption. The end came June 29th, 1906. He died in the faith of his parents. He was a member of the Catholic church. Levi must have lived a strenuous life with a family to sujiport that would have taxed the ability of any man. He cared for them and secured and paid for a home of his own. His daughter, Jennie, writes me frankly, "He w^as a good husband and kmd father, a good worker and a good provider. His only fault was he got on a spree once in a while. He was a man that was handy at all work, mason work, digging wells, cariientering. farming, in fact, a good all round man." Surely we can commend a comrade who, without any education but with a genius for hard and varied work, could do so well and accomplish so much. Let us judge charitably of his "only fault." His wife, Julia, survives him and resides in Richford. JOSEPH KIDDER was born in Knosburg. Vt., Septenibir 22nd, KM I. brought uii on a farm and educated in the common schools of the state. At the opening of the Civil War in the spring of 1861 Joseph Kidder and his brother. James, were carrying on a small farm in their native town. The chII of President Lincoln in the summer of 1862 for 300,000 volunteers to serve nine months was considered by this loval son of Vermont personal and one that he was in dutv bound to accept and at once freely offered his services, signed the enlistment roll and joined Company G, 13th Vermont Volunteers. He served his term and was mustered out at Camp Lincoln, Hrattleljoro, Vt., July 21. 1863. He returned home and for a short time resumed farming and then went out West, remaining some Diuyrapliical and Historical of Coiiil^aiix C. 621 two years and came back home. On the 29th of Xovember. IsTO. married Caroline E. Hatch of Fairfield. Vt. To them was born two sons. Lorenzo, .James and Harley Nathaniel. Lorenzo resides in Waltham. Mass., and Harley Nathaniel in Enosburg. Vt. Comrade Kidder died at Enosburg March 11th, ISS.i, and is buried in his native town. His widow survives and makes her home with her sons. In the winter of 1863 at Camp Wolf Run Shoals our deceased comrade contracted disease of the lungs from which he never fully recovered. The strenuous service of the winter of 1863 and the Gettysburg campaign was too much for young Kidder's rather deli- cate constitution and hence he died long before his time. This upright, zealous and iiatriotic young man was an excellent soldier, faithful, honorable and true, discharging his full measure of duty on all occasions. He was generous, kind hearted, loyal to friends and just to his country — a noble e.xample of sacrifice for the preservation of the Union he loved and served. His comrades that knew him best since the war say he was an indulgent husband and father and an honorable citizen. He died respected and is missed. May this tribute to the memory of a valiailt soldier of the Republic be an inspiration to defend home and native land, to the lovers of freedom and justice- See jiage of this book 304. August, 1909. R. O. S. JAMES McENANY was one of the Bakersfield quota in Company G. As a soldier he acquitted himself well, he was neither a coward nor a shirk. So far as known, he never married. When last heard from he was living in Chicago keeping a saloon which has been his occupation much of the time since the war. The writer can get no response to letters sent to Chicago. JOHN McMAHON. H. O. STURTEVANT. My Dear Comrade: I have read your notice through and will try to tell you something of myself and at least say a word in appreciation of work you are doing so well. I am no literary character and my memory fails me when I sit alone away from my comrades and try to put anything on paper; but if I was able to meet with them once again and talk over old times I could recall things that occurred which now escape my memory. Thirty-three years is about the lifetime of an ordinary man and if by reason of great strength we are some of us spared to the allotted age of three score and ten years the most of us get there with an impaired memory. I was bcrn in Bakersfield. Vt.. my parents were Hugh McMahon and Bridget Owens. 1 enlisted in Company G. 13th Regiment, Veimont Volunteer Infantry, as a private in 1862. Company G was known as the Bakersfield company. 1 went with the boys to Enosburg, Vt., where we elected officers for the company. We went into camp at Brattlebcro. Vt., the last cf September. 1862. and were mustered in by Major Austine. In a day or two we got our guns and felt as though we were equipped in great style. We staid in Brattleboro until October 11th. as I remember it. when we started for Washington. While at Brattleboro we had a wrestling match one evening, when I threw 17 men. We wrestled the old fashioned "collar and elbow" hold. I have won several hard contests at wrestling since then; but then and even now when I think of it. thai evening seems to be the best work I ever did in that line. When we first got to Washington we were Inigadcd with two New .Jersey regi- ments and, I think, the 12th Vermont but soon an order was read to us that brigaded the Vermont troops together. I remember the pleasure with which we heard the order. We went from Washington to Camp Vermont and from there to Fairfax Court House. We heard that it was warm there before we went South, but the snow came at Camp Vermont earlier than it came in Vermont that year. While we were at Fairfax Court House Stuart's Cavalry came down near us and we could see their camp fires at night. We exjjected trouble. Some of the men in Company G of the 12th Veimont under a captain, if I recollect. Captain Ormsbee. went up there to see what they were doing but they were all gone. We went down to Wolf Run Shoals and our regiment and the 12th Vermont were together. Colonel Blunt of the 12th had charge of us. He was a worker and we had the hardest and meanest work we ever did. We had to lay corduroy road from the Shoals to Fairfax station to get our supplies into camri and through the company streets and dig rifle pits down by the Occoquan to jirotect the ford. We were sick here with malaria and colds. After that the 13th Regim.ent went down on the Occoquan and some of the ]3th and a courile of supplv wagons got .gobbled up by Mosby while on the way to Fairfax station for supplies. Mosby hung around some before that and got General Stoughton at Fairfax Court I-Iouse. He was three miles from his troops *'--' I III' I'liirtccHth h'rijiiiu'iit Icnuoitl I'olunlcers and had a small guard. Of course that Is all history now; Mosby came in the night and quietly took him away. Stoughtoii hail 14 horsps himself and Mosby got forty in all. We heard that President Lincoln said that lie could make another brigadier general but that the horses cost him $12r> apiece. The boys were disgusted with l\\>^ Ceneral for getting gobbled up so foolishly and said the reason he had his headquarlers so far from camp was because he enjoyed female society so well, but I don't know. After that General Stannard was appointed our brigadier general and we went to Gettysburg. We started .June 2oth. While (in the march we jiassed a house where officers were assembled at dinner. We privates could not get in. I was a pretty good forager and got into the window with the help of one of the ladies in the house. I thi-n bought and handed out stuff to the boys. They had about .'lO canteens full of whiskey and a lot of food. I did not get out until dark and did not know where my company was until 1 heard an officer call out an onier to a sroved fatal was sugar diabetes. He passed away February 23rd, 1902, and was buried in Brooksiit- Cemetery in Westford. Vt. A large circle of friends mourn his loss. Soon after the war he settled upon a farm in Westford. Here he lived and prospered. His heart was won by Elvira Dunlap of Westford whom he married February 2nd, 1869. Children and grandchildren came to him and he rejoiced in them all. He valued religious influence for his family and regularly accompanied his wife and children to church on Sunday. His marriage was blessed by five children. Their names were Harry G., Myrtle H., George W., Bertha E.. Sadie A. and Frankie. Harry owns the home farm in Westford and has four children. Myrtle died in 1903. George is a farmer in Westford and has two sons. Bertie is married and lives in Fairfax. Sadie is married and lives in Essex. Vt. Frankie died in childhood. Henry's funeral bespoke the love and esteem he received from friends and neighbors. Four clergymen were present, several adjoining towns sent representa- tives. His three brothers and two sons were bearers. From a clipping in a news- paper I quote. "He bore his sickness and suffering with great patience. He will be greatly missed in this and many adjoining towns, being a good citizen and a kind and obliging neighbor, while his genial and pleasant manner made him many friends. He was a devoted father and grandfather. Joel McNall was born in 1842 in Enosburg. In this town he lived and died. He did not marry till late in life. In the fall of 1890 he married Emma Tracy of Enos- burg. Four children survive him. Eva, Lottie. Ella and William. He was a worthy and respected citizen. In August, 1903, he went to his reward. He received the sacra- ment of his church a short time before his death. His widow with her children occupy the old homestead in Enosburg. See page of this book 310. WARD G. PIPER. In the death of Ward G. Piper we lament one of the noblest of the noble band of men in Company G. After a brief illness from gastric ulcer he died October 19th, 1905. in his home at West Rutland. For details of his life I refer to his i)ersonal sketch. Something should be added, for his modesty prevented him from saying much we would like to know^ I knew him well as a boy in Bakersfleld. His father, an able and godly man, was my pastor during my childhood. Ward was a playful, mischievous boy, but guileless as country boys ought to be. At the beginning of the war he was but a lad of 18, but during that first year of conflict boys developed Into men very rapily. At 19 he was zealous to serve his country and enlisted into the ranks as a soldier. He was faithful, dutiful, brave and loyal — a Christian soldier. As a comrade he was kind and generous, ready to lend a hand, full of sympathy and help for the sick, a good talker and the best of company. He added much to the social life of the company. At Gettysburg he acquitted himself nobly. After his honorable discharge we separated and did not meet again for thirty years. At the grand encampment in Boston we met. Thanks to the thoughtful generosity of our self-appointed committee of arrangements, we had long talks together during our excursion to Nantucket and the home of Comrade Clark. I noted quickly his manly bearing, his growth of character, his worthy life— and his reasons for pride In his devoted wife and worthy and able children. He had no political ambitions, he did not aspire to be rich: he was content to live his life out worthily, to do his work faithfully, be all in all to his family, and to do society what good he could. Since his death I have received letters from his widow and personal friends in West Rutland. From them I learn that Ward united with the Congregational church at 17 years of age. In 1875 he joined by letter the same church in West Rutland of which he remained a loyal and constant member until his death. He held several offices in the church and made a special point in welcoming and caring for strangers. He was a member of the Free Masons and of the Grand Army, in both of which he had held important offices. At his funeral the Grand Army post had charge of the services at the house and the Free Masons at the grave. He was <^'-4 //'I' 'r hilt cent It Rcijimcnl I'rniKnil roliiiitci-is highly prized Ijy his employers for cfficienry and faithfulness. He was public spirited to a marked degree. His love of flowers was a niarlth, 1SG3, was detailed as fifer in place of Homer Fletcher, deceased, and served in that capacity the remainder of my term of service: participated with the regiment in the skirmish at Fairfax Court House with Stuart's Cavalry and with the re.gimeiu in all its various marches and counter- marches, including the battle of Gettysburg, and was mustered out at Brattleboro at expiration of my term of service. The first death in Company G was that of Homer Fletcher. I reniembei well the morning when Company G fell in, without arms, and escorted by the drtim corps with muffled drums, marched to the hospital tent where religious services were held. Our hearts were very sad for Comrade Fletcher was loved by all and we also felt some of those left might have a similar fate. For me it was particularly sad from the fact that of my own tentmates Fletcher was dead and the others. .lohn B. Fassett and Henry Stevens, were sick in the hospital. I collected all the little keepsakes and other articles belonging to Fletcher to send to his dear ones at home and went to Washington with Captain White to arrange to send his remains to Vermont. A few weeks later when the regiment left Camp Vermont I remained behind with Captain White, who was sick in the hospital, and who died a few days later. In justice to Captain White let me say that, while he might not have been all that was to be desired as a company commander, he im- pressed me as a man who had a very kind heart. Of the many little incidents of our regimental experiences I would like to mention one that occurred at Wolf Run Shoals. One beautiful morning we were alarmed by the beating of the long roll. After we had fallen into line Colonel Randall rode over in the direction of the 14th Vermont Regiment to learn the cause of the alarm. After a short time he came back saying that it was caused by a fool belonging to the 14th who was born just outside of the State of \ermont. The first gun of the battle was fired before we got there. I have been most of the time engaged in mechanical pursuits. Was married .lune ISth, 1874. to Cornelia L. Howe. Had three children: Sara E.. a teacher in the graded school at West Rutland: William H., an architect in San Francisco: and Charles A., residing in West Rutland. Am a pensioner at the rate of |8.00 per month. My physical health is fairly good with the exeption of a slight lameness caused by a dislocation of my left knee in February. 1903. In fact, I have had much to be thankful for in my life of 62 years and sincerely wish that all my comrades of the 13th Vermont may be equallv favored. See ])age 308 for pictures. WARD G. PIPER. ISAAC S. RANDALL was son of George and Emily Randall ol Franklin. Vt.. enlisted in Bakersfield. was a good soldier and did his duty. The writer can learn little of him. At the time of his death he was living in Xorthfield. He had married but was not living with his wife. There was some mystery surrounding his death. He was drowned. Possibly he accidentally fell into the water, some fear he was thrown in by some drunken companion. We regret that such an untimely end should come to one of our com- rades- who served his country well. Biogiapliical und Historical of Coinpaiiy G. 625 SOLOMON RUSSELL was born in Danville, November 17th. 1.S42. His parents were Ira Russell and Laura Heath. They were farmers and Solomon received the usual edu- cation and training of a farmers boy. At the early age of 19 he felt it to be his duty to join his country's defenders. He enlisted September 11th, 1862, at Mont- gomery, as did his brother, Ira. and with the quota of that town was assigned to Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment. He was one of the youngest men in the company, a mere boy, but a good one. He brought to the service of his country a pure heart, a clean life and a noble purpose. He was a Christian, a member of the Methodist church, and was not ashamed to let his comrades know where he stood. He was one of that little band who held prayer meetings in the woods, near by, in the earlier days of the service and was known often to go alone into the woods to liray. With him to serve his country was to serve his God. The rougL chaffing of his fellows could not swerve him from duty. During his service in Company G he was as true and loyal to the Gospel flag as to "old glory." Whatever he was called to do he did cheerfully and well. He was a light hearted, fun making, pleasant spoken soldier boy. At Gettysburg he fought with his company during the second and third days of the battle. He was as cool as the coolest, as brave as the bravest. He served faithfully till the close of his term of service and received an honorable discharge. He returned home and remained for a time. His patriotism flared up anew, and under a call for one year's men he re-enlisted March 20th. 1865, and was asigned to Company B, 3d Vermont Regiment, and served till the close of the war. On his return to Montgomery he married the loved one of his choice. Miss H. ,T. Russell, September 4th, 186.5. His occupation has been that of farmer. He resided some years in Montgomery, six years in Minnesota and 20 years in New Hampshire. His present residence is Hillsboro Bridge (Goshen Mills), N. H. He has been blessed with four children; all are living and well married; Byron Russell, Gorham, N. H.; Charles Russell, Heniker, N. H.; Georgia, wife of S. J. Pike, Goshen, N. H. With advancing years his health is broken and he can do little work but his faith is strong and bright as ever. After his second enlistment some of his Company G comrades learned that he had made shipwreck of his faith and were saddened by it. They will be glad to read an extract from a letter he wrote to the author of this sketch: "1 think I have done as well as 1 could for myself. I was called a go^d soldier and I did what I believed to be duty to my country. You spoke of my giving up my religion. I did get discouraged for a short space of time. But, thank God, I started anew in a few months after. A little while after our marriage my wife and I attended a religious service and heard a powerful sermon on the text, 'Blessed is the Man that Walketh Not in the Counsel of the Ungodly, &c.. &c.' The text rang in my ears. I was reclaimed, began anew my religious life. My wife and I went home and erected the family altar and it never has fallen since, the fire is still burning. The good old book is a lamp to my feet and a light to my pathway. My children were brought up under the influence of prayer morning and evening and a blessing asked at our table. I am still on the old ship. I believe it will sail straight to Glory." In great feebleness, with trembling hand and palpitating heart, he penned me the above. It is better than a sketch. Would that we all may have as strong assurance of faith as we face the final muster out. ELEAZER RUSHFORD ■was the son of Joseph Rushford and Isabel Ariel, was born April 4th, 1840, in Sheldon, 'Vt. He was of French extraction but was full of love tor the land of his birth. His home, before and since his military service, was Montgomery, Vt. He was a farmer and left to his family a valuable farm. January 9th, 1868, he married Matilda Domney. The children by this marriage now living are Lizzie Mae, Alvah A. and Henry H. Lizzie married Corlis M. Foley and lives in Montgomery Center. Alvah married Minnie A. Corregan. Henry married Elsie Maynard. Both sons reside in Montgomery. Since the war he has suffered much from ill health, yet with his pension of $17.00 which a grateful Republic gave him, he has prospered. He was a devoted husband and father and a patriotic and useful citizen. In the fall of 1862 he responded to his country's call and enlisted for nine months at Mont- gomery and became a member of Company G, 13th Vermont. He completed his term of service and was discharged with his regiment. As a soldier he was steady, loyal and faithful. He won the respect and love of his comrades. .\t Gettysburg he was cool and brave and acquitted himself with honor. His final muster out occurred March 10th. 1900, at Montgomery. He died in fellowship with the church and leaves the blessed memory of a worthy life. His wife survives him and resides in Montgomery Center. The above facts were furnished me by a daughter, Mrs. C. M. Foley. (>2it 'J 111- 'I'hirtccnth Ri-i/iiiicnt I rnitnnt I 'uliiiitrrrs ARTEMUS ROCKWELL was a native of West Broome, I'. Q. H>- was oi Welch descent and had niany of the sterling virtues of that nationality. His occupation has been that of a farmer. In this he has prospered. Since the war he has resided in Montgomery and Highgate. At an early age, in 184G, he married Elizabeth Austin. From this union sprang six children. Of them only two survive, Lorin, married and a farmer in Montgomery, and Lester, also married and a farmer in Highgate. He enlisted in the fall of 1802 with the nine months' men and joined Company G. He was one of the older men in the company and left behind him wife and children. He won and held the respect of all. He passed away at Highgate May 31, 1904. His wife survives. HENRY H. STEVENS. I was the son of S. H. and Klizalieth Stevens and born in Enosburg, May 1st, 1840, attended district and high schools in H;nosburg. September 11th, 1X02. enlisted under a call from President Lincoln for 300,000 men for nine months. He had prom- ised that if the war was not stopped before a stated time he would issue a proclama- tion freeing the slaves. My neighbors and friends enlisted and I put my name down with theirs in answer to my country's call. We met at Enosburg Center to choose the company officers. We drilled and boarded at Sjwoner's Hotel for about a week and then went to liakersfield for about the same length of time. On our way to Ilakersfield we passed Mr. F'ay Hrigham and as we were passing he said, "Good-bye, boys. I don't expect to see you again." 1 asked him if he expected the boys would kill him before we got back. He was what we called a "copperhead" in those strenu- ous days. From liakersfield we went to Hrattleboro, where on October 10th, 18r)2, we were mustered into the service and soon started for Washington. We stayed the first nights in a place called, as I remember, "The Soldiers' Retreat," nearby the Capitol building, and then pitched our tents on East Capitol Hill. Others will tell of what happened at the different camps and of Colonel Randall's march with his boys to Union Mills. I remember well one interesting incident that happened while at Camp Widow Violet. I, with about twenty other boys, were picketing along the Occoquan river in .lune, about the llth. We saw troops on the other side of the river. We called to them, asking what troops they were, and found that they were of the Army of the Potomac- We crossed over to them in ferryboats. Colonel Randall going with us. We moved back to our post and saw them place the jiontoon bridges and the army crossed on this and at the fords on their march to (Jettysburg. We broke camj) and followed them, crossing the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, a march of seven days to the battlefield of Gettysburg. The battle and its results are recorded. Some of Company G boys stole a cheese from the sutler, w'ho had an officer search the regiments. He searched all but Company G. He said that Com- pany G did not know enough to steal cheese, and so passed by. At the battle of Gettysburg, as we charged the rebels, about fifty of them stopped under cover of a house and barn. As we came to the buildings they ran for the woods a little way back. The Colonel said,"Halt!" twice, without effect. Then he very emjihatically said, "G d d n you boys, stop that running." They stopped, threw down their guns and came back prisoners. .My father, Samuel H. Stevens, and grandfather, Samuel Stevens, and .great-grandfather. Oliver Stevens, are buried in the cemetery here at Enosburg Center, marked on each tombstone. I married Cornelia, daughter of Stephen T. and Olive Anderson. My wife died in 1S90. leaving two children, Mabel M. and Irving H. Stevens. HENRY H. STEVENS. IRA ALDEN SMITH. My parents, who were Asa Smith and .\nianda Taylor, though .\merican born, for a time resided in Dunham, Que.. Canada, where I was born Ai)ril .'ith. is:!ft, but removed to Montgomery, Vt., in 1S44. I received a public school education. In early manhood 1 learned the trade of carpenter, the trade of my father, and was at work at my trade when I enlisted. Since the war 1 have been both architect and builder and have resided in Chicago and in East Berkshire, my present home. .My wife, Amelia, and 1 have had three children, Leon and Leroy. twin sons, they are com- mercial travelers: and Maud, now Mrs. A. H. Seaver, and residing in Taftsville. My health is poor and am unable to attend the reunions of the regiment. I enlisted at Montgomery September llth, lSfi2. for the period of nine months and became a member of Company G. I will relate some incidents of the war. When we had orders, about June 2.5th, 1S63, to break camp and overtake and join the 1st Corps, many thought we were starting for home. 1 was in poor health but succeeded in remaining with the company. But as 1 was half sick I was allowed to march as I pleased, so did not march any of the time with my company. After a. day or two 1 noticed the boys began to throw away their cartridges and the night Bio(jraph'ual and Historical of Coinf>aH\ G. bjy before reaching Gettysburg the boys of some regiment in front of us must have thrown away nearly all they had left as they were scattered along the ground. About the niifidle of the afternoon I succeeded in running onto General Stannard. I saluted and told him what I had noticed and, pointing toward Gettysburg where we could see smoke and hear cannonading. I told him "we are in bad shape to meet the rebs." Then a smart aide asked to see my cartridge box. I lifted the flap, it was full. The General very soon called a halt and ordered up ammunition and all cartridge boxes were filled. On July 2nd one of General Howard's Dutch regiments gave way and w'ere falling back on us. Colonel Randall swore at them awfully, as I suppose he was afraid we would break also, but soon the order came to fill a gap they had made and we started on the run, like wild Indians. Just here the Colonel's horse was shot dead and fell so as to catch his left leg and pin him to the ground; some fellows caught the horse's head, I seized his tail and we pulled the horse over so the Colonel's leg was freed. He jumped up and ran out in front and cried, "Come on boys, all right." I wonder he did not get shot by his own boys. He soon saw he was out of his place, lowered his head and walked to his position. We chased the rebs half a mile over their own ground and took some of their guns besides recaptur- ing our battery. I went as one of the guard to the rear with the prisoners and some of them told me that the yelling of our boys led them to think that a great re-inforce- ment had come up to help us and they broke and ran. I was in the third day's fight with the rest. IRA A. SMITH. East Berkshire, Vt. This comrade has favored us with a sketch. Born in Canada, he chose ■Vermont as his home. His residence in the Windy City, where he labored as architect and contractor for some time, did not wean him from the Green Mountain State. He returned to his first love, Vermont, contented to spend his old age within her borders. He was a good soldier, faithful in duty and brave in action. He acquitted himself with great credit at Gettysburg. He was a genial, pleasant com- panion and helpful and kind to his comrades. In the feebleness of age we wish him well and the satisfaction of a life well spent. MAJOR B. SMITH was the son of Asa Smith and Amanda Taylor. His parents were natives of Vermont but emigrated to Canada and settled in St. Armand. In this place Major was born July 27th, 1822. He received such a practical education as the public schools could give him. In due time he reversed the course pursued by his parents and emigrated to Vermont. His trade was that of his father, that of a carpenter and joiner. Not till October 2nd, ISSO did he take to himself a wife. Lucy A. Smith. From this union came four children, Jane, Hurlbut, Albion and Lillie. Hurlbut resides in Enosburg and Albion in Norwich. Conn. His wife died in 1S88 but his daughter. Jane, remained with him and continued his housekeeper till July 4th, 1906, when she died suddenly. Two days before this death Truman Hurlbut, the husband of his daughter, Lillie, died in Springfield, Mass. Lillie. being childless, returned to her father's and now cares for him in his old age. Major belonged to a patriotic family. Five brothers served in the Union army. His brother, Ira, belonged to Company G, three others served in other regiments. One of them died in Libby Prison. Since the war our comrade has resided in Enosburg. His military record is a worthy one. When the call for nine months' men came, he was quick to respond. He was past forty and one of the oldest men among the volunteers. He enlisted September 10th, 1862, and became a member of Company G, 13th Vermont. At heart he was as young as the youngest. As a comrade he was genial, kind and helpful. He was faithful in the discharge of every duty and served his country well. At Gettysburg he received a wound in the abdomen which made a semi-invalid and gave him a pension. But it did not shorten his life. At the advanced age of 84 his handwriting shows no tremor of age. I take pleasure in adding a short sketch sent me by his (then) lieutenant. Colonel Albert Clarke. "Major B. Smith — This man was a carpenter in Enosburg. Not being very tall his position was near the left of the company. His name was some- times the occasion of the joke. For instance, when there was a dispute as to which was in command of the regiment. Captain Boynton. who had not received his commission as major, or Captain Lonergan, who claimed by rank. Smith is said to have remarked that 'nothing but modesty kept him from claiming command, as he was the only and original 'Major' present.' " In the field south of Cemetery Hill when under artillery fire on the second day he met with a narrow escape. Suddenly he nearly doubled up and turning to Lieutenant Clarke be said, "I'm killed. My bowels are all coming out." The officer pulled his hands from his stomach and saw that there 628 The Tliiitrriiflt Kcfiiiiwiil I i-niiniil I 'and was lurking across the river to find a place to cross. We built no fires and silently watched and waited for them to come. Our guns were loaded of course and we were ready to fire at sight of any one on the other side. On the last day of the fight at Gettysburg, in the forenoon, I was one that volun- teered to go out between the lines in plain sight of the rebel sharpshooters and cannonaders and build a breastwork out of common fence rails. Lieutenant Clarke called for volunteers and Sergeant George H. Scott jumped up and said. "1 will be one," and then others from Company G, Corporal Hitchcock. Oakley Brigham, the rest I do not remember their names. Quite a number from the other companies joined and we did a good job and quickly, too. for the bullets and shells made us hurry. A bullet hit a rail being carried on the shoulder of Fernando C. Willett that brought him to the ground, rail and all, but it did him no harm. It was a hot place to be in and we were glad when it was through with. I came out of the battle all right and returned home, completed my house, and have never been sorry I enlisted. I had a brother in the same company. Joseph W. Warner, he was born on the same dav and he and 1 are twins but 1 do not remember or know which saw daylight first. " SUMMER WARXER. ELI TRUDELL was the son of James and Mary Trudell, was born in Enosburg, Vt.. April 28th, 1844. His parents were French and lived on a farm. His occupation before and since the war has been that of farming. He belongs to the goodly number of Company O ■who went West and settled, leaving Vermont in 1865. He lived in Illinois eight years, after which he settled in Kansas. His present residence is Clay Center. Kan. As a soldier he has a fine record. He enlisted September 11th in Montgomery and became a member of Company G. He served faithfully till the expiration of his term. We remember him as one of the boys of our company, IS years of age, small of stature, five feet four inches, dark of complexion, light of weight. He loved his country and served her well. He was a good uatured, kind hearted comrade and won the respect of all. With his company he was actively engaged in the battle of Gettysburg and fought bravely. He has been married twice, first in 1866, secondly, in 1879, to Ada B. Goodwin. In one respect he has been patriotic beyond his comrades. He has giiven to his country nine children — James, Laura, Guy, Charles, Louisa, Harry, Ethel, Frank and Joseph. All are living and reside in Kansas save James, who lives in North Dakota. None are married save Laura, who married Asa Killen. Eli and his wife are both living and enjoying together a comfortable old age. FERNANDO CORTEZ WILLETT I am asked to give a sketch of our lamented Comrade Fernando Cortez Willett. I am glad to pay this tribute to my life long friend. By blood he was my first cousin, but I loved him as a brother. Our love for each other was like unto that of Uamon and Pythias of classic story or that of David and Jonathan of Bible history. For near- ly eight years we were almost constantly together. No misunderstanding ever clouded our fellowship, no unkind nor ugly word ever passed between us. Our tastes, ideals and ambitions were singularly alike. We had warm discussions, we practiced all sorts of jokes upon each other but never to the jeopardy of our friend- ship. Each "grappled the other to his heart with hooks of steel." Biogvapliical and Historical of Company G. 033 We were room-mates and classmates together during tour years of college life, then mess-mates and tent-mates while together in the army. Again in the theological seminary we roomed together and were in the same class. To be with him I left my seminary in Andover, Mass., and joined him at Lane Seminary in Cincinnati, O., where we studied together our Greek and Hebrew Bible. He was a member of my council which ordained me to the ministry. I think I was the last friend to bid him good-bye as he left America to find his grave in Mexico. My sketch of him must be that of a warm friend and enthusiastic admirer yet I am sure I shall say nothing of which he is not worthy. Lest, however, I may seem to over estimate his work and character, I shall quote freely the estimate of others as contained in the press notices given of him at the time of his death. Fernando Cortez Willett was born A. D. 1842, in Bakersfield, Vt. His parents were Nathaniel Willett and Sarah (Shattuck) Willett. His maternal grandfather was Oliver Shattuck of Bakersfield. His parents were prominent members of the Congregational church and parish, the father for many years being a leader of the choir. Fernando inherited from his father a retentive memory, a dry humor and a love of story telling which made him the delight of the social circle. He inherited from his mother his fine sensibilities, his sensitive nature, his high ideals. He owed to both by inheritance and training the sterling Puritan virtues which encircled his character. His maternal grandfather, Oliver Shattuck, one of the first settlers of the town, belonged to the "old guard" of abolitionists. He withdrew from the Methodist church on account of their complicity with slavery and joined the Anti- Slavery M^esleyan church. He held that the United States constitution did not sane tion slavery and to be ready to prove it carried about with him a pocket edition of this charter of our liberties. The writer has the finger marked copy as an heirloom of the family. His example and teaching awakened in Fernando a love of country and hatred of slavery which burst into flame when the war came. Another influence helped to shape Fernando's life — his maternal uncle. Erastus Shattuck was a scholar. He worked his way through Burlington College, accepted a call to a professorship in the Pacific University in the then Territory of Oregon. After teaching for a time he entered the law, was a member of the Constitutional Convention and did much toward shaping the State constitution. After Oregon became a state he was elected judge of the Supreme Court and held the office for 30 years. He was once a candidate for United States Senate and lost the election by one purchasable vote which he refused to buy. He was known as "the just judge." His counsel and his example inspired Fernando's ambition to get an education and make the most of his life. He prepared for college in the academies of Bakersfield and Barre. In these schools he worked hard and stood high. His preparatory course finished, he, with the writer of this article, entered Troy University. At this point commenced the long fellowship between them. They spent two terms in this insti- tution. Then, forseeing the close of the college for lack of funds, they withdrew and entered Williams College at Williamstown, Mass., and joined the class of '64. In this institution he completed his college course. He commanded the respect and admiration of teachers and students. He ranked high in scholarship. He was a hard student. His genius was that of hard work. Athletics did not attract him, he had not time for sports. He despised the petty tricks of college students; he eschewed society, it cost too much time and money. He had a facile pen and ready speech and stood high in debates and other literary contests. His nine months' service in the army compelled him to drop back a year and join the class of '65, with which he graduated. His high rank in scholarship made him one of the "honor men" of his class. Because of his ability as a writer and speaker his class elected hiin to the highest honor in their gift, that of class day orator. His oration was a classic. Its theme was "Honor all men." Its treatment was masterful. Its de- livery was eloquent. His class were proud of him. It was declared to be the ablest class day oration that had been delivered for many years. It was printed and admired by those who read it. During Fernando's junior year a deep religious interest pervaded the college and many entered the Christian life. Among them our comrade of Company G. This no doubt turned his thoughts toward the ministry as his chosen vocation. In his choice of Church he was dominated by reason rather than emotion. It was a matter of principle and duty. He ought to be a Christian — that settled It. Henceforth his religious life was calm, deep, constant, consistent to its close. HIS ARMY LIFE Fernando's college course was with the Civil War and his army service was rendered during that course. He and the writer, after their first year in college, returned to Bakersfield for their vacation The war had -commenced. The three months men were in the field the enemy flushed with victory, were threatening Washington. A call for 300,000 two years' men was issued. Town meetings were being held to fill Bakersfield's quota. Patriotism ran high. Enlistments were in the air. (i_^4 / /'<' Tliiilci-iitli Ri-(j illicit I I i-niiiiiit I'nluiitccrs These college boys faced the question of duty. Should lliey iiiipciil their college course and respond to their country's call? "The Spirit of '?»>" took possession of them and put down all objection, and they enlisted. The regiment met and organized at Burlington. For nearly two weeks we drilled. At length an order came from Washington to disband all two years' regiments and re-enlist them as three years' men. This honorably released them and they could re-enlist or not as they deemed wise. Again they reconsidered this question of duly and the old love for an education was aroused again. The college tugged at their heart strings. They could withdraw without discredit and serve their country at a later period should she ni'ed them. So they decided to return to Williams and continue their studies for the i)resi'nl lime. Another year passes. Our college boys are back in Bakersfield for their summer vacation. The nation is in a great emergency. Our armies must be reinforced. Lincoln calls for 300,000 nine months' men. The spirit of iiatriotism will not down; duty calls; now is their o))portunity. They can give a year to their country and if spared to return they will resume and finish their studies. All objections are swept away and they enlisted with other Bakersfield boys and became members of Company G, and shared the experiences of army life with their regiment. Fernando was there as a matter of duty. He was a scholar rather than a soldier. He had no military ambition. He never sought or preferred the straps of officers. He was content to serve his country as a "high private in the rear ranks." lint in that humble position he was an example to all. 'The deprivations of camp life did not depress nor dis- hearten him. He was never homesick nor discouraged. He would make spirit out of the hardest experiences. He was loyal in duty, obedient to superiors, cool and fearless in action. At Gettysburg he was in the thick of the fight in the two great crises of the battle and no soldier acquitted himself more bravely than he. He was as cool on the battlefield as in the schoolroom. With his self-command and trained mind and his inliuence over men he had all the elements to make him a successful officer. I marched by his side during the long march to Gettysburg. He was not strong, had recently returned from the hospital, below the medium size, not used to hardships, yet he kept in the ranks, refused all help, stuck by his regiment, was cheerful and hopeful through it all. He greeted all with a smile and a pleasant ■word and "lent a hand" to a sick or needy soldier. If he was less in evidence at playing of cards and other sports it was because he did not forget he was a scholar. His leisure hours were mostly spent in the study of shorthand, which he mastered In the army so he could take his lectures on his return to study in that way. When shut up in his tent tew knew what he was doing. He was of medium size, dark com- plexion, black hair and jnercing black eyes and lithe, slender body. His constitution was not strong. The exposures of army life told upon him and he sickened and was sent to the general hospital. For some weeks he was separated from his re,giment, but he would not be invalided home and returned to his regiment as soon as health permitted, and served faithfully till his term of service ended. After our return to Vermont while we were in Brattleboro, our term of service having expired the government in its distress asked the regiment to return to Xew York and help to put down the anti-draft riots that were reigning in the metropolis. It was sub- mitted to a vote. Fernando voted to respond to this call and thought it our duty to go. Here as always duty dominated his action. The regiment declined the call. Our military service having ended, Fernando and the writer resumed their studies at Williams College, grateful to God for sparing them to secure the education they craved. AS A TEACHER. After his graduation Fernando found himself heavily encumbered by debt, the price of his education. He set himself at once to pay this debt. He first took the principalship of Bakersfield Academy. His success was immediate and pronounced. Within a year he received a call to Evansville, Ind., to become principal of the high school of the city. This call he accepted. The school was large with a large corps of teachers. It was in a demoralized condition. He reorganized it, reversed its course of study and introduced new- methods. He qviickly became master of the situation, won the respect of both teachers and pupils and showed his marked ability both to govern and to teach. Unmindful of himself he threw his whole soul into the work. He gave to the school four years of unremitting labor. He was not content with this, but entered the Sunday school of his church and sought to reverse its method. With a constitution weakened by his army experience this incessant toil soon began to tell upon him but he would not admit himself sick till one day when in his school room blood burst from his mouth. This was a severe hemorrhage from his lungs. He was ambitious and very anxious to recover that he might again take up his life long chosen calling and continue as a humble and useful follower of the lowly Nazarene. He was young and remarkably well prepared for preaching the Gospel of Christ. Indeed it was sad and a pity he could not have been spared to fulfil the labor of love and elevation of humanity, but such, for reasons, was not to be. His physicians forbade further work and ordered him to seek a more healthful Bioyraphicul and Historical of Coiiipaiix (.,'. Gt^^ climate. The following extract from the Minutes of the Board of Education explains itself: "To the Superintendent and Board of Trustees of the Evansville Public Schools: Gentlemen; In accordance with the statement of my physician and my own best judgment 1 am compelled to resign my position as principal of the high school. I assure you that I most deeply regret this necessity and it is with great reluctance that I have at length yielded to it. In retiring from your corps of teachers after four years of service allow me to express my grateful remembrance of the uniform courtesy and cordial support 1 have received from all with whom I have been officially connected. Very respectfully. F. C. WILLETT." In accepting his resignation the Board placed on record the following: "In harmony with the general sentiment of our citizens we cannot fail to recognize the earnest and faithful efforts of Prof. F. C. Willett during the past four years to reorganize our high school and place it upon a firm basis of true scholarship. Remembering his constant zeal and un- tiring labor in this behalf and the eminent success with which his work has been crowned, therefore. Resolved, that we deeply regret the necessity which compels his resignation, and wishing him a speedy restoration to health, that we also commend him as a young man of ripe scholarship with a heart for any work he may espouse." Then commenced his brave fight for life and health. The grim spectre of the ■white plague was upon his track. He fled to Colorado. There he could not be idle. He purchased a horse and traversed the state visiting each town gathering statistics and writing up its history, which he gathered into a very readable "Handbook of Colorado." This gave him needed exercise, kept him in the dry. open air and opened to him the finest mountain scenery of the Rocky Mountains. All this hastened his recovery. He felt well again. His college debts were paid. He saw opportunity to realize the darling purpose of his life and prepare himself for the Gospel ministry. He longed to return East and enter the Theological seminary. His physician forbade him to go farther East than Cincinnati. The writer, to be with him, joined him there, and they entered Lane Seminary. With renewed hope and courage he entered upon his theological course. His earnest purpose, marked ability and fine scholarship soon won for him a foremost position among his classmates. Churches sought him to supply their pulpits. All regarded him as sure of eminence in his chosen profes- sion. As his hopes were about to be realized and he felt assured of success in his chosen profession, his heart again gave way. Worn with hard study he suffered another hemorrhage and the prostration and insomnia resulting. The Rev. Mr. Van Wyke, a wealthy resident of the city had him removed to his beautiful home where for some months he received the best care and medical skill obtainable free of expense to himself. The writer visited him daily and was often a watcher by his bedside. Under such treatment he improved rapidly and was able to return for a summer rest to Bakersfield. The fell disease lingered — again he fled to Colorado and engaged in his former work and helped to prepare another "Handbook of Colo- rado." Had he remained in that germ-killing state he might have been spared to a long and useful life, but his ambition to enter his chosen vocation clouded his judgment and after about a year he returned East, and resumed his theological studies and supplied as he was able vacant pulpits. He spent the summer of 1873 with his family friends in Bakersfield. Meantime his Evansville friend. Gen. John W. Foster, our then Minister to Mexico and since then our most prominent diplo- mat, thinking a change of climate would benefit Fernando, offered him the position of Secretary of Legation. Thinking it would improve his health and give him valuable experience, he accepted the office. Late in August he hade his friends in Bakersfield what proved to be a final good-bye. On his way to New York to take the steamer he visited this writer in his home in Plymouth. N. H. While with him he sat in the council which ordained his life long friend to the Gospel ministry. While he rejoiced for his friend's sake that he had reached the goal of all his studies, it must have been a bitter grief to him that his hopes had not been realized and that the future for him was so uncertain, but no murmur escaped his lips and he never appeared more hopeful and cheerful. The writer's last view of him was as he stood on the rear platform of the retreating train waving a final farewell. He went by boat to Vera Cruz and thence by rail to the City of Mexico. As he in a few hours reached an altitude of 8,000 feet^ 636 The Tliiili-riilli h'cijiiin-iil I'cinunit I' olutttccrs the sudden elevation was a great strain iii)on his weak lungs and. no doubt, hastened his death. He had a language to learn and the diitlis of his oTfice to master. He entered upon this work with his usual intensity and zeal. .Xs usual he won for himself a host of friends. The American colony welcomed him to their nienibershlp. He got on bravely for several months but his frail body could not bear the strain of the excessive work, consumption had never relaxed Its hold. Without warning, while on the streets of Mexico he suffered another hemorrhage. The lower altitude which he sought could not save him. Other hemorrhages followed. The best medical skill and attendance failed to arrest the dread malady. He sank ra|)ldly till the end came on the 2i)th day of June. 1874. He fought a good fight, he kept the faith, he was ready to be offered. He fully realized his condition, talked calmly of his approaching death. He met it as bravely as he faced death at Gettysburg. Minister Foster wrote a full account of his sicltness and death to his mother, Mrs. Sarah Willett. It is so interesting and so reveals the character of our friend and comrade that I give it below as taken from the "St. Albans Messenger" of that date: "My Dear Madam: — It is with sentiments of sincerest sorrow I com- municate to you the Intelli.gencc of the death of your dear son, Fernando. He had passed throtigh the winter without any sickness and was feeling quite strong and hopeful. Hut in the last days of April, without the least warning, while walking on the streets of this city (Mexico) he was taken with a slight hemorrhage, but by no means of a serious character. As a measure of extra precaution, he decided to make an excursion down the railroad to Cordova, 4.000 feet lower than this city. But only two or three days after he wrote you his last letter, on Sunday, May 2.'3rd, he was attacked with the most severe hemorrhage he had ever had. We procured for him a large and comfortable room at the hotel and every- thing i)0ssible was provided that could minister to his comfort. The loss of blood had left him very weak indeed and. upon a consultation of physicians, his situation was found to be very dangerous. "I remained with him eight days and upon being called to the City of Mexico, obtained Rev. il. X. Hutchinson, superintendent of the Presby- terian Missions in this country, to stay with him during my absence. He talked very freely with Mr. Hutchinson about his sickness and con- templated death. On my second visit I found him gradually growing weaker, and was satisfied lie would never he able to rise from his bed again. I am glad to assure you that he had everything that could con- tribute to his comfort or restoration to health. When 1 came U|) to this city from my first visit to him, I brought a full written statement of his disease and condition, and with it I had Dr. Skelton. the American Consul General, and Dr. Senieleder, the most celebrated physician in this country, hold a consultation. Also T sent for the American Consul at Vera Cruz, who happens also to be an excellent physician. But he could give us no encouragement. With calm resignation your son submitted to the will of the Lord. To me he said he did not conceal the fact that he would rather live, that he was a young man and he felt he had still much to accomplish in life. But then, if iie was only to recover to have a shattered constitution, it is better he should die; he would be nothing but a wanderer, seeking some spot where he might live, a burden to his friends, without employ- ment and with no hope or ambition in life. He was perfectly settled and clear in his religious views, in his abiding faith in Christ and in his hope of heaven. "While his Illness was tedious and exhausting, it was not very painful. On the evening of the third day before his death he was taken with some- thing like a paroxyni or struggling for breath and these attacks were repeated two or three times each day till his death. At these times he told us there was not much pain, and he was perfectly conscious through them all- He freiiuently referred to you in his last days of his sickness, and with great tenderness and affection. He asked me to tell you that he died in full faith in Christ as his Saviour and that while his death so far away would be a sad blow to you. you must and could find great consola- tion in the faith with which he died. On Friday evening the last attack of the character of which 1 have referred came on. and from the effects of it he never rallied, but lingered till about half past twelve the same night. June 19th. During these five hours and more he was conscious he was dying, hut he did not suffer much pain and was not at all depressed in spirit. About an hour and a half before he breathed his last he took his final leave of the doctor and myself, as well as Rev. Mr. Stevenson, a Methodist min- ister who happened to bo in Cordova. He thanked Dr. A. A. Russell in the most touching manner for all his unwearied kindness and attention, and in a fervent manner asked God to bless him In his leave of me he Biiif/rapliical and Historical of Cniu/'aux G. 637 reminded nie of his message to you, and your name was nearly tiie last on his lips. He then fell into a quiet sleep for about half an hour; awoke again, when at different times I gave him water and wine and bathed his lips with water, during which he was entirely conscious; and then he fell into another quiet sleej) from which he never awoke, breathing out his life peacefully and without a struggle — a separation of soul and body so gentle as hardly to be distinguished — the end of life. His remains were brought to this city and interred at his request in the American Cemetery, in a pretty spot ad.joining the monument erected by our government in memory of the American soldiers who died in the war of 1847. The burial was attended by a large company of friends, in- cluding the entire Diplomatic Corps, officers of the Mexican Government and the foreign society here. It gives me pleasure to inform you that your son had made a large circle of warm friends in this city. I also can say to you that he was always unremitting in his official duties, and was succeeding excellently in his position. His friends among the American residents here very cheerfully contributed a fund of $17.5 to erect a monu- ment to his memory, over liis grave. The cemetery where he is buried is a very attractive place, and is kept in order at the expense of our gov- ernment. I have now fulfilled the sad duty imposed upon nie by your son's death. May the Lord sustain and comfort you in this your deep sorrow, is the fervent prayer of your sincere friend. Johx W. Foster. After his death the press teemed with commendatory notices of him, both East and West. Rev. S. K. Leavitt. pastor of First Baptist Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, In a long obituary notice of him, published in a Cincinnati paper, among many things said. "The death of Rev. Fernando C. Willet has brought sorrow to a large circle of friends and deserves more than a passing notice. When leaving Evansville for Colorado his friends thought he was going there to die, but he felt confident that God would spare him to a useful life. Never shall 1 forget the whole purposes of his life as he freely talked with me in Iowa as he slowly journeyed westward emaciated and weak from loss of blood. His very soul glowed with animation as he anticipated the recovery of his health and his return East to study for the ministry. * * * jj^ willett was a true Christian man of great energy and rare ability. In Evansville he labored earnestly in the Sabbath School and gathered a large class of young men and women whom he taught. He delivered and address at the opening of the new rooms for the Young Men's Christian Association which was remarkable for its vigor of thought and chaste polish. His library was choice and he read for improvement. His mind was well balanced and stored with learning to an extent attained by few of his age. He was a good man and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith." Col. Albert Clarke, his beloved commander in Company G, published an able and appreciative obituaiy notice of him in The St. Albans Messenger, of which the Colonel was editor. After speaking of his entering the army at the early age of 19 he said of him: "He suffered a severe and protracted illness in the army which probably laid the foundation of his ever subsequent delicate health and untimely death, but he rallied from it with more of determination than bodily vigor and fought bravely at Gettysburg where in a station far beneath his worth he won the lasting honor and friendship of his immediate com- mander and all his comrades. * * * Before going to Mexico he engaged to furnish Mexican correspondence to this paper. * * * In a private letter to the editor written from Colorado on the second of Jlay, he conveyed the sad information that two weeks after his arrival at the Mexican capitol he was attacked by a violent hemorrhage which drove him down into the tierra caliente for several weeks. After his re- turn that with the pressing duties of his office, a language to learn, and many strangers to entertain, he was again driven forth and hemorrhage followed hemorrhage in quick succession. However, wrote he: If the good Lord grant me another lease of comparative health I will endeavor to keep my promise to you. Please do not publish these facts in regard to my health, as I do not wish to give my friends any uneasiness.' Poor brave fellow. This was characteristic of his life. We have seen him on the weary march, when he did not look as though he could carry his musket, refusing all proffers of aid. absolutely declining to be relieved from duty. During the night, after a day's hard fighting, who but he should go forth, even beyond the skirmish line, to help pick up the wound- ed, applying a bandage here, giving a draught of water there, making no distinction between the blue and gray, for his brave humanity recog- nized that all were alike the children of God. * * * He was grace- O^S The Thirteenth Ketjiment I 'eniioiil I 'uliiiiteers ful and accomplished in every station, facile as a writer, logical and elo- quent as a speaker. It is an honor to Franklin county to have been his birth place and home. It is an honor to have been his friend. Envied by many, he was respected by all." Services commemorative of the life of our friend were held at Bakersfield in the Congregational Church, August 8th, 1874. The sermon was preached by his pastor, Kev. R. Hicks on the text, Ps. 119:9. Letters were read from Hon. Mr. Foster and Col. .Albert Clarke. His friend and classmate, the writer, was detained from attending this service by sickness in his family. Mr. Hicks paid an appreciative and discriminating tribute to the character of the deceased. "The course the deceased pursued is Iresh in your memories. The traits of character w-hich raised him to the honorable positions he filled are open to your observation. They are concealed by no brilliant dash, no flowery egotism, no accumulated good fortune, no happy hit. no unexpected success will account for the esteem with which you all hold him. His success was won by the old time ways of honesty, prudence and perseverance. » » * jir. Willett's life has been one of unflinching perseverance, may I not say of incredible industry and that too, in face of much physical sickness. .\o son more than he has made a glad father and been the .ioy of his mother. Mr. Willett has not lived and would not have lived to accumulate money. A miserly, grasping mind was the object of his supreme contempt. His life was lived free and happy in no bonds to shame or worldly appro- bation. His first choice was Christ and his service. To this one idea of his life everything else seemed subordinate." MARCUS A. ANDREWS He was a native of Enosburg and born in 1S44. Knlisted September 8. 1862, and had just arrived of age. He joined Company G, and with the 13th Regiment served his full term and was mustered out July 21. 1863. He demeaned himself well as a soldier, and performed his duty from first to last acceptably. He was modest, and of few words, but conscientious and anxious to do his full duty at all times. He served his country well and made a good record. Returned home and took up again the pursuits of civil life, resumed his former occupation and resided in town for some years and then moved away; but where have not been able t« ascertain. RODMAN BESSEY He was a native of Enosburg and born in l.s44. Enlisted September 8. 18C2, /and was one of the young boys of Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. Brought ui) on a farm, attended district school of his day and was much like other boys of his locality. A mere lad only 18 years of age and seldom away from home over night in all liis life prior to enlistment. His young heart beat fast and strong for home and country, and at the first opportunity volunteered. He was an enthusias- tic young man and very anxious to serve in the defence of the Union. Little indeed did he realize the hardships attending the life of a soldier, but he manfully dis- charged every duty and made no comjilaint. He was cheerful and obedient and won the respect of his associates. It was evident that he was well born and bred. He was a model soldier boy. It was quite remarkable that one so young demonstrated the qualities that made him valuable on the battlefield. The boys of his age often displayed more courage when life was in peril than the older ones. He served his term and w^as discharged with his regiment at Brattleboro, July 21, 1863. and returned home thankful that he had served his country when assailed, proud of the record that he and his comrades had made in the mighty contest at Gettysburg.. He was not content because the war was still raging and there was a demand for veterans and on October 21, 1863, enlisted again and this time with Company A, 17th Vt. Regiment, commanded by Capt. Stephen F. Brown. 1st Lieutenant in Company K, of the 13th Regi- ment, Vt. Vols. His company remained at St. Albans during the winter, making suitable preparations for service and did not leave for Washington until early spring of 1864. and in a few days w-as advanced to the front and took part in the battle of the Wilderness where on the 6th day of May, many of his regiment were killed and wounded. He remained in the ranks during the several battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House and until .May 31st, where he was mortally wounded and died January 18, 1864. He gave all that his country might survive and continue as the land of freedom. There is no greater honor than death on the battlefield, defending home and native land. And the author here asserts that had it not been for such like gallant heroes the country we now so justly boast of would have, passed away. Too much praise cannot be given to the soldiers of the Union in the War of 1S61-.". His remains repose in Arlington, Va.. National Cemetery. B'uiijraphical and nistorical of Cum [•any G. 639 EDWIN P. BROWN enlisted from the town of Enosburg, Vt., volunteered Sept. I'.rd, 1S62, and became a member of Company G. He was three years older than any other of Company G, too old in fact for so strenuous a life during active campaigning. His age at enroll- ment was 43. Born in 1819. likely less than 20 in the whole regiment were older. He at least headed the list in Company G as to age. He w^as a good man and an enthusiastic patriot, exceedingly solicitous for the welfare of his country. He was quick, active and strong, and well preserved for one of his age. While patriotism is an essential factor of a valuable soldier, physical powers of endurance are a prerequisite that must be secured. It was soon evident that the strenuous life of soldiering in a Virginia winter, sleeping in cloth tents and on the cold, damp ground, was more than Comrade Brown could endure. Though favored on account of age and anxiety to remain yet he was under the care of the surgeons and in the hospital much of the time during the winter and early spring, and Surgeon Nichols became fully satisfied that Comrade Brown would not be of much if any value in case of an active campaign, which was quite certain to occur as soon as spring opened. He therefore discharged him March 29, 1863, and he was sent to his home in Enosburg. He was loyal, upright and anxious for the preservation of the Union, and evidently willing to fight to save it. He at least, did his utmost, none could do more. HANSON BURLESON He was of the Berkshire boys and enlisted September 4, 1862, and joined the Bakersfield Company. Was born in 1S34 and it will be seen was one of the older members of Company G. A native of Berkshire and educated in the common schools of Vermont. His occupation was a farmer, and like most of the middle class seemed to be filled w-ith patriotism that impelled him to volunteer that his country might not be overthrown and the awful and wicked institution of human slavery extended all over the land so dearly bought by the patriots of 1776. He was a respected citizen and a model soldier, reserved in his conversation and association, mingled but little with only his tentmates. He was upright, honest and ready at all times to do his duty. Ever obedient and courteous to his superiors, and kind and generous to his comrades and unusually sympathetic toward all in sickness and distress. He acquitted himself with honor on all occasions. He served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned to his home and resumed his occu- pation and place in society and died respected by his friends and neighbors and now sleeps in the wayside cemetery in his native town and a modest headstone marks the grave of this noble hero of the Republic. And once a year on Memorial Day his surviving comrades, neighbors, friends and citizens here repair and on his lowly grave scatter the early flowers of spring and raise above his resting place the Stars and Stripes, the flag of his country that he followed on the march and in battle. He offered his all in defence of the Union. ABRAM BENJAMIN was of the Richford contingent, born in 1S40, brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of his town. Was retiring in disposition and association and his tentmates only knew of his thoughts and aspirations. His life as a soldier was uneventful yet always on hand to do his share of fatigue duty in camp or picket duty on the outer lines, was as a good-natured, manly fellow, honest, upright, was no shirk but ever ready to respond when called upon. A scouting trip accompanied with two or three outside the picket line among the natives was to him a holiday much enjoyed. These visits while in Camp Widow Violet up and down the banks of the Occoquan and to Mount Vernon, Pohick church and fishing in the Occoquan for herring, shiners and the beautiful pumpkin seed was Abram's delight and a tonic that drove away foreboding thoughts of pending battle and anxiety as to whether he would ever again see the green hills and fertile valleys of his home and state. Many of the boys were now and then homesick but pills and quinine were no antidote for such morbid attacks. Our comrade remained dutiful to the end and was a good soldier; was mustered out with his regiment and returned home with his share of honors earned as a soldier. He indeed was one of Col. Randall's Green Mountain Boys that did his part to secure distinction and glory at Gettysburg. To have partici- pated in that momentous battle is a record of glory and fame that must ever be the pride of all of the old 13th Vt. Vols. 640 I lie I hirtitiilh h'c(/iiiuiit W-riiunit l' oluiitccrs HORACE D. BLAISDELL was one of the younger boys from the town of Richford and born in 1843; volunteered September 4. 1862. and joined the Hakersfield Company which was letter G. He was a beardless, vivacious, active boy of 19 summers and for one of his age waa handy with ax, saw, spade, scythe and plow. Many of his associates %vere lumbermen by occupation and therefore many of his companions worked in the woods and mills and like all the boys from that section, was rugged, hale and hearty, full of life and ready for a rough and tumble clinch at any time. The Uichford and Montgomery boys were proficient giini chewers and in every box from home a package of spruce gum was sure to be found. They seemed to eat hard tack with less trouble than others, muscles fully developed in their jaws. Horace and bis tontmales when the spruce gum was used u|) secured pitch from the pine tiecs and boiled it and made what they called pitch pine gum. Comrade lilaisdell was the soul of honor and very loyal and obedient to officers in command and was on hand, ever ready to lend a helping hand and take ihe i)lace of a comrade on the picket line when such were indisposed. Never shrunk from any duty and was sun- to do bis best on all occasions. He passed through the vicissitudes of soldier life withotit complaining, though at times during the winter, duty on the picket line was hard and dangerous. In all the mutations from first to last young Hlaisdell deserved well of his comrades and tried to perform his duty in Ihe light of the rules and requirements as made known to him. He made a good record and acquitted himself with honor, and when mustered out at the end of his term of service returned to his home with as clean and enviable a record as any of his company. After remaining home a few months he again enlisted and became a member of Company 1, 17th Vt. Vols. Not able to ascertain why he enlisted from the town of West Pairlee. Vt.. likely some good reason. His second enlistment was May 10. 1864, and in this regiment he saw plenty of fighting from the fith day of May, 1864 in the battles of the Wilderness. Spotsylvania Court House and Poplar Spring Church. Sept. 30, 1864. in which battle he was wounded. He recovered from his wounds and was mustered out .July 14. 186.5. The war was now over and this young hero who had his first experience at Gettysburg was now satisfied and though severely wounded and shattered in health returned to his native state justly proud of his humble efforts to save the Union. His old comrades of Company G. one and all say. "Well done, may you live long, be prosperous and happy in this glorious Republic in that you repeatedly offered your young life to save." JOHN COMBS was one of the older boys from the town of Berkshire. His age at enlistment. Sep- tember .T. 1862, was 28. He joined Company G and remained with it, rendering good service until mustered out July 21. 1863. By reason of manly and soldierly conduct was promoted corporal a few days before we started on the Gettysburg campaign. He was an exemplary soldier, kind, generous and brave; obedience to orders was to him of i>rinie importance. None looked better on inspection or dress parade than Comrade Combs. In any relation, camp, march or battle he was a model. He was mustered out with the regiment. July 2. 1863. and returned to his home in Berkshire and took his place in the industrial offices of his town and continued a legal, upright citizen while he lived. He was married and left children, one Ernest Combs, resides in Montgomery. Vt. Comrade Combs and his wife passed to the land of rest and happiness some years ago. The author regrets that he was not able to ascertain more information concerning this valiant soldier and his family. His life and early manhood was freely offered for the preservaton of the Union in its darkest days. He helped save the day at Gettysburg. General I.^ee was defeated and the Union of States on this glorious battlefield made certain. He and his companions from Vermont turned the tide of battle and secured victory on the last hour of that event- ful 3rd day of July. 1863. WARREN CORSE He was from the town of Enosburg and enlisted September 5. 1862. joined the Bakersfield company and after the organization and muster in was made wagoner of Company G. He was 30 years old at enlistment and a farmer. His education was limited to the old district schools but be by his energy acquired sufficient to enable him to become a useful and well-informed citizen. His life on the farm fitted him for the responsible position of wagoner and in his department he was faithful and on hand night and day. To be a part of the wagon train in camp and on the march, was not only a highly responsible but often extremely laborious position. Such must not only drive but guard the baggage on the march. Comrade Corse was a faithful, honest, reliable man and soldier and discharged the manifold duties of his position with rare tact and good judgment. His kindly nature was manifested in his care and gentle treatment of the horses and mules in his charge. He was quickly Bidyraphii-al and Historical of Company G. 641 aroused when anyone abused a horse or mule in their charge. He did his full duty and was discharged with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21. 1863. After re- turning home and remaining for a few brief months again volunteered on October 28, 1863 and Joined Company A, I7th Vt. Vols., and was made fourth sergeant, a position that he was well qualified to fill. He was mortally wounded at Spotsylvania Court House. Va.. -May 12. 1864 and died May Hth. His regiment was in the battle of the Wilderness May 5, 6 and 7. 1864. Comrade Corse by his second enlistment demon- strated that he was as brave and courageous in battle as he was kind and gentl© and humane as a teamster. ROSWELL A. CHAPLIN volunteered from the town of .Mont.noniery and joined the Bakersfield Company which on organization was given the name and position in the line as G. Comrade Chaplin as I now recall, was a sedate, cool-headed, thoughtful man. His bearing and speech indicated his stalwart nature and rugged manhood. He was a tyi)ical New Euglander. strong in the faith that led the patriots of 1776 to break away from the tyranny of Great Britain and establish on this continent a government of liberty and asylum for the oppressed. He was 33 years of age and by occupation a farmer educated in the common schools of his native State. A man endowed with a strong mind and a wonderful supply of common sense. He acted only after deliberation; and then was true to his convictions, steadfast in his endeavors to execute them. And hence was a valuable soldier and rendered good service in whatever relation he was called to occupy. There were none in the ranks of Company G that acquitted themselves better in camp, on picket, the march and in battle than our worthy comrade Chaplin. The author gladly after 40 years of reflection offers this tribute to one who displayed heroic conduct on the battlefield of Gettysburg. He was mustered out with his regiment and returned home and resumed his place and occupation, feeling he had helped to save the Union. EDWIN CARROLL volunteered from the town of Enosburg September 6, 1862, and joined Company G. of the ISth Vt. Vols. No particular incident marks his career while serving as a soldier in this company. He was born in 1844 and only IS years when enrolled for the war. a mere lad and it would seem too young for the awful struggle and carnage of the battlefield. But it is nevertheless true that nearly all of the young, smooth-faced boys endured the haidships of army life better than older ones. He was brave and useful on the battlefield as any. This youthfuul hero acquitted himself with honor, served his full term, was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned home and the overflowing joyousness of his young heart was more than thankful that he had fought and helped to secure victory at Gettysburg. No act or position in this comrade's life so valuable and honorable as fighting for the Union. GEORGE H. FULLER He was one of the noble band from the town of Montgomery and on the organi- zation of Company G, was made corporal. Born in Montgomery in 1835. just of the age to endure best the hardships of soldier life. He was horny handed, rugged, physically capable of fatigue and exposure. As a non-commissioned officer he was a model, and the mere fact that he was promoted to sergeant was an expression of the judgment of Lieut. Albert Clarke, then in command, of his fitness for so highly responsible a position. He earned his promotion, and as sergeant of the guard in camp or on the picket line, and on the march and in battle convinced all that his advance- ment was no mistake. None were more courageous, cool and fearless than Sergeant Fuller. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21. 1863 and returned home with a reputation as a valiant soldier and officer. He said often when referring to his lite that his "enlistment and service was the act of his career that he turned to ■with pride and satisfaction that he volunteered during the darkest days of the Union cause and when many hesitated to enlist. It is likely true because the discouraging outlook in the summer and early fall of 1862 that many hesitated and only best of material responded to President Lincoln's call for 300,000 nine months' men." JAMES CONKLIN was born In 1841 in the town of Bakersfield but it was claimed he was even younger than 18. He joined Company G. September 11 and with his company went to Brattle- boro, Vt., was mustered into the United States service as a volunteer but did not go to the front — never joined his company and for some reason unknown to the author — deserted. Quite likely persuaded by relatives older not to go The least said the better for the circumstances that influenced him we know nothing about. <)42 7/ti' 'riiiiti-riitli h'l-iiiiiiriil \\-niioiit I'oltmlccrs WILLIAM B, DWYER voluntecri'd fmiii the town of Herksliiro at the aKe of 23 and joined the Hakersfield company and was present at ihe organization of the company Septenilier 11, 1862. It memory lias not lailed me he was a yoiinjier brother of Sergt. John H. IJwyer. He was mustered into the fnited States army October 10. 1SG2 and went with the regi- ment to Washington: crossed long hri. Though more than 4C years has passed, yet on each lecurring Memorial Day the flag he loved is raised on his lowly grave and the early flowers of spring are scattered above his resting place as tokens of love and affection. RICHARD YOUNG was enrolled September 11, lSe2. joint d the r.akrrsfield company, letter G and was mustered into the United States service at Rrattleboro with his regiment October 10 and on the front picket line in the defences of Washington near Mount Vernon, Va., November 2nd and at once commenced the precarious life and strenuous duties of a soldier in an active campaign. Richard ■was born in 1S41 and enlisted from the town of Franklin, Vt.. was a good soldier and obedient to orders and performed his duties faithfully and well from first to last. He won the respect of officers and com- rades and returned to his home after having served his full term, sharing in the honors of the glorious achievement of his regiment and brigade secured in the turning battle of the Civil War — Gettysburg. NELSON GOODSPEED was born in Montgomery, Vt., September 21, 1839. His father was an Intelligent and successful farmer and a prominent citizen of the town. His son. Nelson, had the ad- vantages of the common schools of Montgomery and Fairfax Institute in the town of Fairfax, Vt. Young Goodspeed stood well in his town and was deservedly popular among all classes especially the young men and boys, and to him the volunteers from Montgomery turned and agreed to urge his name for a lieutenancy at the coming organization of the Bakersfield company, and on the 11th of September was chosen second lieutenant with the enthusiastic co-operation of the boys from Berkshire, Enosburg, Bakersfield and Richford. and all expressed themselves as highly pleased with his general apjiearance and looks and soldierly bearing. His courteous conduct and desire to become acquainted with each member of the company at once won for him the respect and affectionate regard of the whole company. Though second lieutenant he was at least the equal of Captain Marvin White, and First Lieutenant Merritt B. Williams for the responsible duties of an officer. His strict attention and anxiety to acquire knowledge of the rules and regulations appertaining to the official relation to which he had been selected to fill, gave promise of efficiency, adaptation and usefulness as a soldier, an officer and one who would courageously do his full duty in the crisis of battle. All were impressed with his eagerness to have Company G fitted for the new life they were then entering upon. The i;Uh Regiment was made ready in haste, mustered in on the 10th of October and on the way to Washington the next day. The untiring attention of the officers of the line and exposure in Camp Lincoln resulted in considerable sickness and quite a number were not able to leave with the regiment for the seat of war. Lieutenant Goodspeed after arriving at Camp Lincoln took a severe cold and on the morning of the day we started for Washington. October 11. was taken to the hospital critically ill with pneumonia, where he lay for weeks dangerously sick, and his recovers- was reported doubtful. His youth and vigorous constitution, and the best of care brought him through, but leaving his lungs so bad tnat the physicians said the only chance of recovery from incipient consumption was the vigorous climate and careful nursing at his mountain home in Montgomery'. The disappointment was bitter and hard (for a young. Biographica! and Historical of Company G. 647 zealous patriotic young man of 22 who had freely volunteered, made all necessary arrangements and with unusual devotiou, anxious to serve his country in its contest for existence) to bear. He hoped to recover and take his place in his company and therefore declined to resign his commission for months, hoping he might recover and join his company and regiment, now on the picket line near Bull Run battlefield. His sickness was long and for weeks was unconscious; his family and friends overwhelmed ■with grief and apprehensive of death. He returned home as soon as able to be moved and when fully satisfied he would not be restored to health so as to take part in the pending campaign on February 6, 1S63, tendered his resignation with sincere regrets that his place in Company G might be filled without further delay. The position was held open hoping and expecting that Lieutenant Goodspeed would recover and join his company and regiment, but all were disappointed and sad to learn of his protracted illness and doubtful recovery, and the news of his resignation, was occasion of sincere regret by such as had become acquainted with him, especially his company comrades. Lieutenant Goodspeed's soldierly appearance in company drill and on dress parade at Camp Lincoln, uniformed and fully equipped, stalwart and erect, six feet in height, gave evidence of a model soldier and assurance of valiant performance of duty in the contest for victory. He fully comprehended, not only the urgent necessity for volunteers at the date of his enlistment, but the probabilities of death by disease and in battle, and yet with buoyant hope and an exultant heart left his home, dear friends and all, to serve his country for the preservation and life of the Union. Lieutenant Goodspeed recovered after a long convalescence and resumed his place in the business affairs of his native town, but has ever felt mortified because deprived of the opportunity of serving his country for the preservation of the Union. Only a few years ago in conversation with Comrade Goodspeed he said that his deprivation of service was a bitter disappointment and a lifelong regret. Our respected friend and comrade declared his manly courage when he volunteered and his extreme sorrow ■when obliged to resign. Sickness only prevented him from continuance in the service. Every act of his life since the Civil War has justified the high regard of his com- rades that he would have made good on the battlefield, their full expectation when he was mustered in at Camp Lincoln, October 10, 1862. For many years he has made his home in St. Albans, where he has led the active life of an up-to-date, successful farmer. Modest and retiring in disposition, conservative in thought and action, at- tentive to business, a man of good character, a valuable citizen, commanding the respect and esteem of neighbors and acquaintances, ever ready and willing to do his part in promoting every laudable enterprise for the elevation and prosperity of the community in which he resides. May he live long and die regretted. THEODORE STOWE. Barre. Vermont. Historiau of Co. H, i:ith Vt, Vols. Biographical and Historical CO. H Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Dedicated to the loving memory of Andrew E. Osgood, mortally wounded in the battle of Gettys- burg. July 3rd, 1863. Biographical and Historical of Company H. 651 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY H. THIS Company in several important particulars differs from tlte other nine com- panies of the 13th Regiment. For some reason the company was not recruited up to the required number prior to organization and going to Brattleboro to be mus- ttred into the United States ainiy. Only about 50 had actually enrolled and took part in company organization, election of officers and these were from Calais, 15; Cabot, 16: Woodbury, Marshfield, Worcester and East Montpelier, IS or 20. making in all some 50 when called to go to Brattleboro for muster in. On arrival the situation was reported by Captain Peck to Colonel Randall, and l)y him to Major Austine, of the United States army, assigned to muster in the new regiments. Colonel Randall was informed that the 13th Regiment could not be mustered in until every company had the required immber present. Company H must be supplied and the situation demanded haste, for the government at Washington was anxiously waiting for troops. While Company H was: short of men the other nine companies had more than they required which co'.'.id be transferred unless too many were rejected by the medical examination to be made by the United States surgeons then present and waiting for that purpose. The medical examination took place and only a few rejected, leaving more or less in each of the other nine companies available for transfer to Company H if it could be arranged Thiugh some of the recruits that had enrolled into the other companies emphatically objected to being transferred and threatened to refuse to be mustered in unless could reuiain with the companies they had joined; considerable friction and contention arose and the commissioned officers of the several companies were in trouble as to the out- come and were not inclined to be responsible or take part in selecting out who should be transferred. Were of course willing to do anything to aid in making up Company H to the required number if harmony could be maintained. It was finally arranged, but not agreeable to all, and in this v,ay Company H was made ready for muster in. On account of this condition Company H was made up by recruits from 30 different towns from Chittenden, Washington, Franklin, Lamoille and Grand Isle Counties. Hence it was truly the only cosrao))olitan company in the regiment. They were mostly strangers to each other and did not mix up pleasantly. The transferred men as a rule were mad and not inclined to submit to the arbitrary proceeding and some spoke their minds in no uncertain language because of such treatment and two. three or more in after years, gave this transfer business as a reason for deserting. It was an unfortu- nate combination and a stormy time followed; no two agreed on any one question sug- gested. Company H boys were thankful for the additions and the commissioned officers of Company H were happy and tried to make matters pleasant for those who came in from other companies, and did. in a measure, smooth the matters over so that proper discipline was maintained. It was a long time before Company H could be denominated a happy family. The raw material transferred was as good as any in the regiment and finally settled dow-n to business, all realizing the high purposes that induced them to enlist, accepted the situation and before the sin-ing campaign opened were friendly and satisfied and was one of the best fighting companies in the regiment. In passing it may truthfully be said that the officers of Company H were not lacking in those qualities essential to inspire, command and lead. Captain Aro P. Slayton was the leading and dominant spirit in Company H and to him more than any other person is due the record made by Company H during its term of service especially in the battle of Gettysburg. Captain Slayton was an exemplary man and officer, a rare disciplinarian and maintained order by tact and good judgment and fair treatment. He was kind and generous and all loved and respected him, a man of principle in eveiT relation of life, was in fact of old Colonial stock that first settled in Brookfield, Mass, emigrating from England early in the 17th century. His grandfather and uncles settled in Ver- mont as amon.g the first settlers during the stirring times of the original Green Moun- tain Boys and from that time have been prominent men in .guiding the affairs of Ver- mont, ever on the side of the right. Patriotic in thought and action. There were six Slaytons of the same family in this company and quite a number more in the 13t!i Regi- ment. The Slaytons were born and bre"d, loyal to home and country and were on hand at all times to defend the right even with their lives. Though this company sailed over a rather stormy sea in its first weeks of service, it finally acquitted itself with credit and honor equal to any company in the line. Though made up as it was of so many different nationalities and creeds of religious views, yet they were among the bravest heroes in the 13th Regiment and their intrepid conduct in the desperate char,ge of the Second Vermont Brigade against General Pickett's right flank won for themselves esteem at home and unstinted praise for daring deeds in battle and were personally commended by General Stannard and Colonel Randall. This company represented more towns than any other and acted with the idea that each must do his best to bravely represent the 65^ 'J'lic Thirteenth Rctiiniciit i'cnitont I'ohintccrs town from which he volunteered. Nearly 6(i of this company have passed to the beyond and joined the silent majority waitins for the grand review that will follow the final muster out of the noble heroes who followed the Stars and Stripes from Fort Surater to Appomattox. "On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread. And Glory guards with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead." WILLIAM V. PECK volunteered from the town of Calais in August. 1862; was elected captain of Company H at its organization, September 23rd. Mustered in October 10th at Hrattle- boro. Vt., 1862. His age at this date was 28. Captain Peck assumed command and remained with the company attending faithfully to his duties until January 25th. 1865, at which date he resigned and returned to his home in Vermont. The service did not agree with hira. was taken sick and was told by Dr. Nichols that his constitution would not permit him to remain longer in the service. (See page 316 for Captain Peck's picture.) ORLOFF H. WHITNEY volunteered under the call of August 4th for 300,0(i0 nine months' men. He was born in the town of Franklin April 19th, 1839, and therefore at the date of enrollment, August. 1862, was 23 years old. He counted on the quota of his native town and joined Highgate Company, so-called, September 11th, 1S62, the date of organization. Was appointed Sergeant and at once took his place as such, and was active in giving instruction to the green and awkward squads of this company. Sergeant Whit- ney had experience, having enlisted into Company C. the Ransom Guards of St. Albans, Vt., under the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 to serve three months. Mustered in May 2nd, 1861 and mustered out August 15th, 1861. Had a good common school education and was an intelligent, fine appearing, good looking, enthusiastic, patrotic young man as could be found in Vermont. Was well born and brought up. Comrade Whitney as a true man, loyal to his engagements, soon after being mustered out on the expiration of his first term of service, married on the 7th day of February, 1862, Cordelia C. Whitney of Franklin, one of the fair and most estimable young ladies of Northern Vermont. To them was born one lovely daughter. January 23rd, 1863, while the husband and father was in the service of his country. Sergeant Whitney attended the organization of the 13th Regiment at Montpelier, Vt.. September 24th, and was appointed Adjutant, in which capacity he served with credit. He was commissioned as Captain of Company H, January 22nd, 1863, an unusual though proper recognition of first-class qualification to command a company. Captain Whitney was prepossessing, ambitious, full of life and push, zealous in the discharge of duty, anxious for a clean service and to accomplish deeds of valor that the goal of victory and success might be reached as soon as possible. His ai)pearance on dress parade as adjutant commanded the admiration of the whole regiment, and his military bearing and fitness pointed to him for early promo- tion, and none were surprised when it was made known he had been commissioned as Captain and assigned to Company H. This position he filled with credit and satisfaction to the company, no officer of the I-ine was more popular, and in fact none gave better promise of sufficient courage and prowess than Captain Whitney. He was untiring in the preparation of his company for the spring campaign and impend- ing battle between the army of the Potomac and Northern Virginia. During the last days of May. 1863. when everything seemed hopeful and propitious, and Captain Whitney was anxiously waiting for and momentarily expecting a clash of arms he was (juite suddenly stricken down with typhoid fever. His case from the first was serious and alarming. That he might be more sure of the best of care, was taken to Alexandria. Va., and i)laced in one of the many hospitals. Was delirous from the first and Surgeon Nichols was very anxious. He was placed in a hospital of good standing and yet in an unguarded moment jumped from an open window to the street below, resulting in death. This was sad in the extreme. Here was a case of gross negligence by those in charge. What a pity that one so brave and anxious to serve his country and help save the Union should be deprived of life under Hioyraphical and Historical of Coiiipanx H . 653 such deplorable circumstances. True it is, however that this noble and patriotic soldier of the Republic offered and gave up his young life on the altar of his country as fully as if shot on the battlefield. His surviving comrades were fully satisfied that the death of Captain Whitney was the result of negligence and no investigation would restore to life or in any manner appease the grief and just indignation of his comrades and friends. Captain Whitney was buried in his native town, where once a year on Memorial Day the heroes of the Republic and wife and daughter and dear friends gather to garland the resting place of the sacred dead with the early flowers of spring and unfold above his grave the Stars and Stripes he volunteered to defend. The widow of this Green Mountain Boy resides with her only child, the wife of Olin Merrill, Enosburg Falls, Vt., Jan. 1909. (See ijage 316 for iiitture. 1 R. O S. ARO PHINEAS SLAYTON son of Bucklin and Sally (Willis) Slayton was born at Calais, Vt., September Kith, 181S, enlisted in Company H, 13th Vt. Inf.. August 19th, 1862; was elected 1st Lieut., mustered into service October 10th, promoted to Captain June 28th, 18G3. and honorably discharged July 21st of same year. Of his war record, I will say but little, as it would be unbecoming for me, his son, to boast of his achievements, but from what has been told me I know that he was a brave soldier, an efficient officer and popular with his men. He was with his company and regiment in the long march to, and the three days' fight at Gettysburg, after which his company was with the Brigade in a forced march in pursuit of General Lee's retreating army over the mountains to Littletown, Maryland, where on the 9th of July was detached and started for Vermont to be njustered out. That he was not the first of his race to fight for his country is attested by the fact that his great grandfather. Phineas Slayton tought three years in the old French and Indian War, and was also an officer in the Revolution; his grandfather, Jesse Slayton enlisted in the Revolution at the age of 14, and his father Bucklin Slayton served in the war of 1812. His great grandfather, Nathaniel Bucklin and his maternal grandfather Edmund Willis, were also soldiers of the Revolution. Going back still further, we find that he was a descendant of the famous Captain James Parker of Groton and Watertown, Mass., whose house was a garrison during King Phillip's War, and for a long time, the only white man with whom King Phillip would confer. He was also a descendant of Comfort Willis of Bridgewater, Mass., who served in King Phillip's War and left a manuscript history of the same which is preserved in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston. There were other ancestors who fought in the several Colonial Wars, which for lack of space we will not mention. But while his ancestors could fight if necessary, they were of the peace loving kind as well. In the records of the Massachusetts "Society of Mayflower Descendants." Boston, he is recorded as a descendant of James Chilton Francis and Samuel Eaton Francis Cooke, and others of the Mayflower pilgrims including Dr. Samuel Fuller. the Mayflower physician. When a young man he learned the carpenter's trade from his father, who is said to have been the first in the State to frame a building by what is known as the square rule. This trade was followed in Vermont and Massachusetts with the exception of a period during which he conducted a starch factory in Calais. In 1S61 he bought a tract of wild land in the southeast corner of Elmore on which is now known as the Eagle Ledge road, and erected a sawmill, the wheels of which were started for the first time Thanksgiving Day, 1862, but his love of country was stronger than the desire for private gain, and turning over the business tor a time to his brother Geo. J., he moved his family back to Calais, and enlisted leaving his wife, a braver and more Christian woman than whom never lived, with five small children to look after with one more to be born during his absence. In figure he was tall, square shouldered, of a decided military bearing, very much of an athlete, and a dead shot, always bringing the gun to his left shoulder and firing almost instantly without seeming to take any aim. He liked nothing better than a good story, and the writer well remembers as a boy sitting up until midnight to hear visiting comrades and himself tell of their experiences. He was an especial admirer of Colonel Randall, and I remember on several occasions of hearing him say that to Randall should be given much of the credit of breaking Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. His account of it as I remember was that Colonel Randall first saw the opportunity and ordered the building of the rail fence, and that General Stannard exclaimed. "That's right. Colonel go ahead, go ahead," and immediately the rail fence breast- work was erected. There are one or two anecdotes relative to his service which I remember so well that I will endeavor to give them. One evening while camping at some point the exact location of which I do not remember, he and one of his lieutenants had occasion to ride on horse back somet distance from camp not returning until toward morning, they discovered much to their chagrin that three members of their Company who had been detailed for picket duty were asleep at the foot of a tree with their guns leaning against the opposite side. 654 I Itc 'I'liirtrciilli h'cjjiiiu-iit I crmaiit I 'olnntccrs After consulting a moment, they crept up to the tree and having secured the guns, retreated a short distance and gave a wild yell. Instantly the pickets sprang to their feet and for their guns which to their consternation were not to be found. After a few moments the officers made themselves Known and after administering a sharp reprimand, informed the men that while the penalty for the offence was death, on account of their previous good record and fatigue from over work they should say nothing about it unless the men themselves spoke of it, in which case all would be liable to court martial. To this one of the men replied, "Guess if you don't say any- thing about it. Captain, we sha'nt," and he never did. Years after when the war was over, the men told of it themselves. I have heard him tell many times in a laughing way, of Stoughton's "Going to the front." One of his men tells me that the captain picked up a niusKet or rifle one day at Gettysburg, and used it quite freely, and that Colonel Randall noticing this exclaimed, "Company H has a new recruit." He had several narrow escapes at Gettysburg, his hat rim was shot off close enough to his head to have the bullet singe his hair, and on another occasion while stooping over to pick up a knife, a shell which would have struck him in the chest had he been standing, knocked him down and exploded killing several men directly back of him. He considered that the knife saved his life and always kept it. He was married in Calais, .luly 22nd, 1846 to Lucy Blanchard, daughter of .lohn and Catherine (Smith! White, and to them were born five sons and four daughters. Seven of his childn-n are now living, viz: Frank L. a farmer in Elmore, Herbert A., a carpenter in Montpelier. Calvin A. an electrician in Morrisville, Mrs. Clara I. Marker and Mrs. Lucy M. Connors of Chippewa Falls, Wis., Orrin L. a farmer in Calais, and William T. the writer of this sketch, a physician in Morrisville. During his residence in Calais and Elmore, Captain Slayton was honored, or burdened, with nearly every town office within the gift of the inhabitants representing the latter town in the Legislature of 1S6S. On his return from the War he moved the family back to Elmore where he followed lumbering, farming and bridge building until iss.i. During this period he is said to have built partly by contract over seventy-five railroad bridges on the Central Vermont, Montpelier & Wells River, Boston. Concord & Montreal, and X. Y. & X. E. railroads. In ISS.j he sold his lumber business to two of his sons and moved back to his native town, Calais, residing there until 1.S9.3 when he moved to Hyde Park where he died December nth. 1899. of valvular disease of the heart, resulting from rheumatism contracted in the service, and is buried in the village cemetery at that place. Honest and upright himself, generous and hospitable to a fault, he allowed others to impose upon him, and died a comparatively poor man. His sword, a priceless heritage, with my membership certificate in the "Military Order of the Loyal Legion" hansrs near my desk at this writing and to look at it is to realize that 1 have done scant justice to this sketch and to wish I could do more to honor his memory as well as that of all others who "wore the blue. " and were not found wanting in the time of need. (See page 316, picture.) Yours very respectfully, W1I,LTAM T. SLAYTOX. Morrisville, Vt., .\pril 10th. ^f^||,-,. SECOND LIEUTENANT HIRAM PERKINS vohmteered from tli.' touu d Calini, \t,, in Au.mist. l.sci'. and counted on the quota of that town. He was aitive in securing i-ecruits and at the organization of what was failed at that time as the Lafayette Artillery of Calais, was elected second lieutenant, and at once took his jiositicn as such and was duly ccmmissioned September 23rd. 1862. Lieutenant Perkins was one of the older officers of the line, and a man of character and influence. The Lafayette Artillery of Calais like the Emniett Guards of Burling- ton were mustered in as Companies A and H of the 13th Regiment, There was considerable confusion and some mix up with Calais com- pany before finally mustered in. This company on arriving at Brattleboro, September 29th for muster in had only some 60 members, and therefore could not be mustered in until the requisite number was made up. Quite a number of the other companies had more than the renuired number, and transfers were made to Company H. and in this manner Company H soon had the required number. This change created some feeling but no other way. Lieutenant Perkins is ertitl-i^d to much credit for the manner in which this mix uj) was arranged. It always required skill and tact to get along with Vermont volunteers for they were quite independent and expressed their minds fearlessly on all questions affecting their comfort and pleasure. I^ieutenant Perkins was cool, sedate, rather austere and well calculated to manage a lot of green, raw recruits just entering into the life of soldiers. Lieutenant Perkins commanded the respect of all and his conduct exemi)lary, a dignified gentleman evidently one of the old school. The mere fact that he was i)romoted to 1st Lieutenant in his own company was complimentary and expressed his standing in his own company, and Bioyvaphical and Historiciil of C()iiif>an\ //. 655 how he was regarded by Colonel Randall who recommended promotions. Lieutenant Perkins was a man of few words, of deep conviction and when satisfied what was right was not to be swerved by feelings of sentiment or theories that had no moral or just foundation to support them. His conduct as an officer was just and fair, worthy of emulation. Was a man of action and demonstrated by his deeds the undaunted courage and high patriotic devotion that induced him to volunteer. On the battlefield of Gettysburg none displayed more sublime conduct or valiant action in the decisive moments of General Pickett's desperate charge against General Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade in the valley of Plum Run, than Lieutenant Hiram Perkins. He was a native born hero, willing to stand by and fight for the right and preservation of the Vnion with his last breath. He served with credit and was mustered out with the regiment with honor and returned home with an untarnished character. Resumed his place in society and died respected and regretted. He is buried at Caljot, Vt. (His picture will be found on page 31S.) SERGEANT WALTER A. PHILLIPS volunteered from the town of Calais. August, IsilL'. and joined Company H, and at its organization was appointed 1st Sergeant, and when a vacancy occurred in his company was commissioned and promoted to Second Lieutenant in Company H. This was a very proper recognition for a young man only 20, and was evidence of excellent quali- fications and merit. Indeed he was a model young man and had been well brought up and stood high with the officers of Company H, and was deservedly popular in his company. He acquitted himself wtih credit on all occasions. Was in fact one of the most enthusiastic and energetic of Company H. Was ready for duty and willing to respond no matter how arduous the task or serious the matter. His disposition was kind and generous, endeavoring to make his associates happy and buoyant and to prepare them for battle which he believed was certain before our term as a regiment expired. He did much on the seven days' march to Gettysburg to keep the boys cheered up and remain in the ranks ready for the impending battle. No doubt it can be truthfully affirmed that among so many valiant young officers of the ISth Regiment, not one made a better record in the Gettysburg campaign and fight than Lieutenant Phillips. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home proud that it had been his privile.ge to serve his country in time of greatest need and in the loth Regiment. Lieutenant Phillips though much attached to his native state and loved the hills, valleys and streams of boyhood days, went into the great west and settled in Chicago, III., where he died February .5th, 1901, and there he is buried. (His picture will be seen on page 318.) SERGEANT CHARLES ROSWELL WHITE volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., August 19th, 1862. but was born in Wheelock. Vt., June 21st, 1832; enrolled in Company H at the age of 30 and at this time was a rugged, vigorous young man, well adapted to the life of a soldier. His occupation at enlistment was a carpenter and farmer and an intelligent well brought up person. Was apijointed Sergeant and performed his duties with credit until taken sick and sent to the hospital. Was discharged February 3rd, 1863 by reason of disability. All of his company regretted his departure, but not one so much as himself. Returned home but never fully recovered. His occupation has been since the war carpenter and bridge builder. Has ever been an industrious, reliable and useful citizen. His present residence is Morrisville, Vt., Xame of his wife, Harriet A. (McNight) White, died May 17th, 1901. Names of children, George E. White, Wolcott, Vt.: Mrs. W. N. Sllloway, Morrisville, Vt.; W. L. White, Hard wick, Vt. (See page 318 for picture of comrade Sergeant White.) SERGEANT HORACE GARDNER volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., in September, 1862, and joined Company H. Was appointed 1st Sergeant June 4th, 1863 because he merited the honor. His age at enrollment was 27. A fine speciman of physical build, every indication of being able to endure the occupation of a soldier in an active campaign. He was a good non- commissioned officer and first class soldier. He did himself credit in the battle of Gettysburg. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Returned home and resumed his place in society and continued an honored citizen. SERGEANT CHARLES M. McKNIGHT enlisted from the town of Calais, Vt., August, 18C2, at the age of 22 and joined Com- pany H. Was appointed Sergeant in which capacity he served until stricken down ■with sickness and sent to the hospital where he died May 24th, 1863. He was a very 65^1 The 'I liirtcciilh k'n/iiiwiil i'cniiotii I'nlnntccrs highly lespecled young man and stood well anionK his comrades. His conduct at Fairfax Court House. rJecember 2Sth, 1862 when our Brigade was attacked by General .1. E. B. Stuart gave promise of sufficient courage for any duty on the battlefield, He was cool, brave iind active (See pas;i' '.',2ii for picture ) SERGEANT THOMAS SLAYTON 2ND volunteered frcm the town of Calais, at the age of 22 in August, 1862, and joined Company H. His education was in the old district schools of the State, and was quite an intelligent person, patriotic and devoted to the cause of the Union. Was appointed .^th Sergeant and filled this position with unusual ability until taken down with sick- ness on account of exposed duties at camp Wolf Run Shoals. Was sent to the hospital where he died April 7th, 1863. He was a young man of promise as a soldier, and all of his comrades mourned his death. (His picture will be seen on page 320.) CORPORAL MARVIN WHEELER volunteered from the town of Unyaltiiii, ami ciiiiiiicd nii tin- ciuota of that town. .August 19th at the age of 4:'., and joined Company H and was ai)pointed corporal and served as such until discharged with his regiment, .luly 21st, 1863. While comrade Wheeler was a good soldier, the life was too strenuous for one of his age, and yet he did his duty well and never faltered on the march or in battle. Returned home and resumed his I)lace in the busy walks of life, and is a respected citizen, proud of the fact that he served his country when there was need of men to stand by the Union. CORPORAL THEODORE STOW volunteered from the town of Woodbury. Vt., August 19th, 1862, at the age of 26, and joined Company H. Was born in Canada January 23rd, 1836. Was appointed 1st Corporal and subsequently promoted October, 1862 to Sergeant., and in this capacity served until mustered out with the regiment, July 21st, 1863. Was in the repulse of General J. E. B. Stuart at P'airfax Court House December 28th, 1862. and in this engagement demonstrated his fitness not only as a brave soldier but as an efficient officer. Was in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., and displayed manly courage and prowess in that great fight equal to any. Was a gallant soldier and did his full share in securin.g victory in the desperate charge against General Pickett's right flank in the valley of Plum Run. His brother, William served in Company F, Second Vermont Infantry and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness May 4th, 1864. His brother Loomis served in Company K, 2nd Vt. Inf.. and discharged October 2nd, 1862. and died two days after his return home. His brother Lorenzo served in the 12th Rhode Island Inf.. and died at Falmouth in the winter of 1862-3. Stow Post Xo. 29 was named after William Stow who was the first man to volunteer from the town of Calais. The subject of this sketch married Hortense A. Batchelder of Walden, Vt.. .luly 21st, 1860. To them were born two children, William L., born August 13th. 1S62 and Frank H., born Xovember 19th, 186.5. Comrade Theodore is a member of Stow Post G. A. R. and the Washington County Veteran Association. His wife is grand daughter of Captain James Wheeler and great grand- daughter of Comfort Wheeler of the Revolutionary War. It is evident that the Stow family were patriotic at birth and continued so through the Civil War, and no doubt the family are still loyal and devoted to the Union. During the charge against General Pickett's right flank. Sergeant Marble who carried the colors was wounded and the flag went down, six of the color guard being killed and wounded. Colonel Randall liicked up the colors and handed them to Sergeant Stow and from that time were carried by Comrade Sergcnnt Stow until niusterod out at Urattleboro. July 21st, 1863. CORPORAL ANDREW J. SLAYTON vohmteered from the town of Vv'orcoster. Vt., September 18th, 1861, Company G, 6th Regt. Vt. Vol., and discharged January 24th, 1862. Re-enlisted into Comnany H. 13th Regiment in August, 1862, and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863, having served his full term and returned to Vermont and remained at home a while, but his ardor for the cause of the I'nion was not satisfied and again re-enlisted and into Comiiany K, Sth Vt. Vol. for one year and was mustered out June 28th, ISfi.'). after close of the war. It goes without saying this comrade was not only a patriot but a valiant soldier. (See page 322 for his picture.) CORPORAL EDWIN CUDWORTH enrolled from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 23. and joined Company H. Was promoted to Sergeant May 29th, 1863. and mustered out July Biographical and Historical of Company H. 657 21st, 1863. The fact that he was promoted is the best evidence of a faithful and efficient soldier. He was at his post of duty always and ready to do his full duty. On the seven days' march to Gettysburg he was cheerful and determined, and on the battlefield alert and brave. (See page 320 for his picture.) CORPORAL DORMAN CONNER volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., in August, 1862 at the age of 24, and joined Company H and served his full term of enlistment, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Was a good corporal and a valiant soldier. (See page 320 fi.ir his picture.) CORPORAL FREDERIC CORLISS enlisted from the town of Cabot. Vt., September ISth, 1862, at the age of 33, and joined Company H;made corporal on the organization of the company and was promoted sergeant June 4th, 1863. He was on hand and willing and ready for duty night and day, anxious to serve his country. Returned home and has ever been a loyal, industrious citizen, and resides in St. Johnsbury. Vt. CORPORAL JOHN W. ROBINSON enlisted from the town of Walden, Vt., September 16th. 1862 at the age of 28, and joined Company H. Was made corporal and later, April 7, 1863, promoted sergeant. Mustered out July 21st. 1863 and returned home and resumed his place in society ever proud of the fact that he served his country as a soldier, when loyalty and patriotism prompted the valiant sons of the Green Mountain State to freely volunteer. Present address, Barre, Vt. WILLIAM 0. WHITE was born at Calais, Vt.. August 5th, 1841. In 1866 went to Lake Village, now Lake- port, N. H. In 1867 was married to Martha J. Cole, daughter of the late Isaac P. Cole of Lake Village, and has since resided in that place which is now known as Lakeport the 6th ward of the city of Laconia. Since our marriage two children have been born to us, Lucy Cole, born June 13th. 1872, and Susie Frazer, born February 1st, 1882. The following is a brief story of my ancestry and something of my army life: My father, John White. Jr., was born in New Boston, N. H., March 21st, 1800. My mother Catherine Smith was born in Williston, Vt., July 5th, 1796. My grand- father, John White was born in New Boston. N. H.. September 21st, 1774. My gi-eat grandfather, William White, for whom I was named, was born in Litchfield, N. H., in February. 1730. His father Henry White came to this country in January, 1730 from Londonderry, Ireland, where he was born about 1706. His great grandfather came from Londonderry. England about the time the Mayflower left tor America. He was wounded at the siege of Londonderry, Ireland. My first enlistment was at Calais, Vt., August 6th, 1S62. I served my time in Company H of the "Grand old Thirteenth Ver mont," which was commanded by Francis V. Randall the typical colonel of Vermont. I held the important position of corporal and was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg July 2nd, where the "Thirteenth " made its famous advance across the Ridge near the wheat field, just at the right of Bloody Run. In 1885 I visited Gettysburg and went over the wheat field and also to the brick house in front of which we lay. Of course my comrades have not forgotten the well- curb. I have had the pleasure but once of visiting the reunion of the old Thirveenth and that was at the time we raised the funds for the Randall monument. I .servi^d on the committee, made the pencil drawing of the monument, and furnished the top or the urn, which I bought at Ryegate, Vt. I then got Captain Aro P. Slayton to contribute the stock for the remainder of the monument. As I am much Interested in the history which is being written, I regret to say that I have no picture taken at the time of my enlistemnt, but will send one before you go to press which is of recent date, and one taken in 1861. If you are interested to know anything of my private life I will say that I was for eighteen years connected with the Union Publishing Co., of Manchester, and lately have had no particular calling. Am too old. From a most In- terested member of the 13th Vt. Reg., who gladly bore with the rest, its ups and downs, and with it all, was in the hospital only one night, just before I came home. (See page 224 for pictures of Corporal White.) Yours, WILLIAM O. WHITE, Lakeport, N. H. 658 The Thirtccnlli Rcfiinicut I'l-nmnit Volunteers ELI A. RICKARD volunteerod from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 24, and joined Coiupany II, and was appointed musician. The winter camps of Fairfax Court House and Wolf Run Shoals with much exposed and constant duty undermined the constitution of Comrade Riclcard, and he was sick and sent to the hospital and died February 2r)th, 1S(;3. ISAAC CLIFFORD enlisted from the town of Calais on the I9th day of August. 1862, and joined Company H. and was made wagoner. His age at this date was 38, and on account of age and other suitable qualification fulfilled the laborious and often dangerous and exposed position with credit. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 18Gli. CHARLES S. ADAMS was one of the bold volunteers from the town of Cabot, Vt., and counted on the quota of that town. His age was 20 and served with credit until discharged July 21st, 1863. He now resides in Marshfield, Vt., a reliable and honored citizen. (See page 340 for his picture.) MARCUS AINSWORTH volunteered from the town of Calais, August litth, 1S02 at the age of 37. and joined Company H. Served his full term in this company and on November 30th, 1S63, re- enlisted into Company I, and was transferred to Company D January 24th, 1865, and mustered out August 2.'5th, 1865 by reason of the close of the war. He was a valiant soldier and had an opportunity to experience hard fighting not only in the 13th Regiment but in the 11th Vt. (See page 328 for his picture.) 1 EDWARD E. AUSTIN volunteered from the town of Rochester, August 2Gth, 1862 at the age of 25, soldiering was too hard for his constitution and was talten sicl£ and sent to the hospital from which he was discharged for disability and returned home where he soon recovered and re-enlisted into Company M, 1st Regt., Vt. Cav., August 9th, 1864, and was mustered out June 21st, 1865. (See page 330 for his pictures.) SAMUEL AUSTIN, JR. enlisted from the town of Warren, Vt., August 29th, 1862 at the age of 32. He had the fun of being captured on the way from camp Garusi to Fairfax Station at the time of the capture of our teams by some of Mosby's bush whackers, but was at once paroled and he returned to camp none the worse for wear except a horse back ride for some 20 miles without blanket or saddle. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. (See picture on page 340.) EDWARD BAILEY volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862, at the age of 23, and joined Company H on the date of its organization. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. JERRY BISCORNER enlisted September 8th, 1862 from the town of Morristown at the age of 22, and joined Company H; served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863, with an honorable and clean record as a soldier. Now resides in Elmore, Vt ORVIS P. BOYLES volunteered from the town of Cabot, September Sth, 1862 at the age of 25, and joined Company H; served his full term and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides in Cabot, Vt. (See page 338 for his picture.) ELI BROWN was from the town of North Hero, and enlisted the 25th day of August, 1862, and joined Company H. His age was 23. Served his full term and made a good soldier, and was discharged July 21st, 1863. Biographical and Historical of Company H. 659 JOSEPH BROWN volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., September 11th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Served his term in the 13th Regiment and returned home; and on the 17th of November, 1863, re-enlisted and into Company D, 1st Vt. Cav. Was transfered to Company C, June 21st, 1865, and was mustered out August, 1865. WALTER BURKE enlisted from the town of Calais, August 19th, 1862 at the age of 21, and joined Com- pany H. Was taken sick at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, sent to the hospital and died March 4th, 1863. (See page 334 for his picture.) FERGUS CANNON volunteered from the town of Montpelier October 10th, 1862 at the age of 38, and joined Company H, transferred from Company A. Served his term and was discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted November 25th, 1863, and joined Company C, 17th Vt. Vols., and was mustered out when the war was over, July 14th, 1865, (See page 350 for picture.) NELSON CATARACT enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 20th, 1862 at the age of 22, ajid joined Company H. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. He now resides in Waterbury, Vt. AMOS C. CHASE volunteered from the town of Stowe on the 8th day of September, 1862 at the age of 43, and joined Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and re-enlisted on the 14th day of September, 1863 into Company C, 17th Regiment. Wounded May 12th, 1864 and September 30th, 1864, and discharged June 12th, 1865. CHARLES J. CHAMBERLIN volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., on the date of September 8th, 1862, at the age of 32, and joined Company H. Served out his term of service and was discharged July 21st, 1863. THOMAS COLLINS volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., on the 11th day of September, 1862 at the age of 42, and joined Company H. Discharged November 20th, 1862, because of disability. HENRY DAKEN volunteered from the town of Montpelier, Vt., on September 27th, 1862 at the age of 44, and joined Company H. Though too old for soldier life served out his full term, and was mustered out with the regiment July 2nd, 1863. He was patriotic and devoted and did his best to serve his country. MARCUS DEMERIT volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., September 8th. 1862 at the age of 29, and joined Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and was honorably discharged July 21st, 1863. (See page 336 for picture.) JOHN K. DOW volunteered from Cabot, Vt., on the 8th of September, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. He died in the service. May 16th, 1863. CLIFFUS DRUGG volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and honorably discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted November 17th, 1863 in Company D, 11th Vermont Regiment, was wounded August 21st, 1864, and mustered out May 22nd, 1865. (See his picture on page 340.) 66o The TItirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers WILLIAM EMERSON volunteered from the town of Stowu. SciJluiiibcr istli. 1SG2 at the age of 27, and joined Company H. Served his term of (-iilistmeiit and was discharged July 2l8t, 1863. CHARLES 0. ESTES volunteered August 19th, 1862 from the town of Calais, Vt., at the age of 27, and joined Company H. Served his term of eiilislniciil and mustered out July 21st, 1863. (See page 332 for his picture.) HENRY FASSETT son of Lorenzo and Laura Webb Fassett was born at Montgomery, Vt., June 23rd, 1827, and at the age of 13 years moved to the town of Rnosburg, Vt. During the war of 1812 two of my uncles served, one as a corporal and the other as musician. I was married December 6th, 187.5 to Ida L. Pepper of Enosburg, Vt., two daughters have been born, Lena V. and Olive F. 1 enlisted September 9th, 1862 in Company G, 13th Regt. Vt. Vol., but was soon transferred to Company H in which Company I served during the nine months for which I volunteered to serve. My first service was in my town and 15akersfield learning how to walk straight and orderly. It was quite a task to form a line with a dozen other raw recruits. It any doubt it let them try it. After leaving Bakerslleid we spent two weeks in Hrattleboro fitting ourselves for army life. Our fare here was very home like, but our first ration outside of Vermont was soup brought in what looked like swill barrels, no one knew whether they had ever been washed or not. If any one wanted a potato the driver would bare his arm and reach to the bot- tom of the barrel and get one. Our next ration was in Philadelphia where everything was fine. From there we were reduced to the level of cattle and loaded into box cars with a few seats for those who were fortunate enough to secure them while the remainder of us could sit or stand on the floor as we chose, and here we rode nearly all night with only the light of the moon to cheer us on our way. As we passed through Baltimore every man was ordered to load his gun and fill his cartridge box for fear we might be fired upon as . others had been before. We got through all right but our train was so heavy we broke apart before reaching Washington. Our first night there was passed on the bare floor of the station. While in Washington, 1 was detailed as Bugler on General Casey's Staff for a short time. After leaving Washington we crossed the Potomac River into Virginia and passed Arlington Heights a few miles and halted at a place we called camp Seward, and from there we went to Camp Vermont near Alexandria, Va. Here we stayed for some time and one night we were ordered to go to Union Mills about thirty-miles distant for guard duty. It was so dark we could not see without a lantern and I slept part of the time while walking. Towards morning a heavy rain storm set in and we went into camp tor the remainder of the night, and I slept sitting at the roots of a tree. The next morning we completed our journey to Union Mills and stayed there a week, then returned to Camp Vermont on platform cars in a smart snow storm in the night, and went into camp in the dark in snow nearly knee deep. As the result of our exposure we filled the hospital pretty well and some graves. We soon had an order to go to Fairfax Court House, Va. Here we had to head off Mosbys Raid which was done with no loss. From there we did picket duty at Centerville and surroundings for some time, then we moved south by Fairfax Station and made a long strip of corduroy road to a ferry on the Occoquan River. Here we guarded the ferry and heights until June. When Lee invaded the north we followed him and overtook him at Gettysburg, and helped to whip him and drive him back across the Potomac River there to stay. Soon after we returned to Brattleboro, Vt., and were mustered out. After which I came home and began farming, which occupation I followed until a few years ago when I retired from active business. See page 344 for pictures. HKXRY FASSETT. WILLIAM H. FLETCHER volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 24. and joined Company H. Served out his full term of enlistment and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st. 1863. Nothing appearing to the contrary it is assumed that he was a good soldier and did his duty from first to last, and ret\irned home with a clean record and a good reputation while in the service. The author is unable to recall anything in particular as to Comrade Fletcher. The mere fact of promotion from the ranks to corporal shows his capacity and fitness as a soldier and how he was regarded by the company officers. He was a resolute and devoted person, and on the march and in the battle of Gettysburg was alert and did his duty in the great charge against General Pickett as well and heroically as the best. (His picture on page 324 show him to have been cool and brave in battle.) Biograpliical and Historical of Company H. 66i GREGORY FLOOD volunteered from the town of Middlesex in August, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. He being the only volunteer from this town to join Company H. It is evident he was transferred from Company B to help make up the required number of Company H that it might be mustered in at Brattleboro as a full company. He was a well behaved young man and discharged his several duties with fidelity and prompt- ness. Served his term of enlistment and was discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned home and settled down in life and became a well disposed and useful citizen. (See page 344 for his picture.) HIRAM FOSTER volunteered from Duxbury, Vt., in August at the age of IS, and joined Company H by transfer. He was not very rugged and pretty young for soldier life. The arduous duties of the fall and winter and exposure was too much for his delicate constitution. Was taken sick, sent to the hospital where he died March 26th, 1863. Such was the fate of many of the patriotic boys who volunteered in this regiment. CHARLES C. GIBSON volunteered from the town of Cabot, September Sth, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Served his full term of enlistment and was mustered out with his regiment .July 21st. 1863. Returned to his home among the hills of his native county happy and proud because he had obeyed the mandates of conscience and responded when his country called for volunteers. Comrade Gibson was one of those enthu- siastic boys from Cabot that laid aside work on the farm and desire for an education left home and friends, gave up all to fight for the preservation of the Union. He was a faithful, loyal and devoted soldier on hand for fun or duty, march, raid, or battle, anxious to do his full share regardless of danger. He moved out west soon after the war and now resides in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. We have not seen our esteemed comrade for many years, and know nothing as to his success in life or how he has been. We regret that he did not furnish a biographical sketch for the book that his old comrades might know of him and his family. It is too bad that the circular sent and calling for material, pictures, etc.. did not reach him. We hope he is still alive and happy, and as loyal and brave as when he followed the Stars and Stripes in the great charge of the Second Vermont Brigade under command of General Stannard against General Pickett's right flank in Plum Run Valley of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863. LYMAN B. HINKSON volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 42, and joined Company H. I do not recall much as to this comrade, I thought too old for a soldier. It seems he was able to endure the deprivations of soldier life and perform his duty as well as the best of his company comrades. He found some fault when detailed to work with spike and pick building Fort Lyon and said he enlisted to fight and not to build mud forts. He was however obedient and faithful and responded when called night or day. Was in tact a good soldier and made a good record. Was mustered out at the expiration of his term of service July 21st, 1863, and returned home, resumed his place and occupation proud of the fact that he had served as a common soldier, battling for right, home and country. (See page 342 for his pictures.) HENRY HOBART volunteered from Calais, Vt., September Sth, 1862 at the age of 18. and joined Com- pany H. He was discharged April 25th, 1863 by reason of disability. Re-enlisted August 11th. 1864 into the 1th Regt.. Vt. Vols., and was assigned to Company I. Mustered out June 24th, 186.5. It is evident he was patriotic and brave. His record made was clean and all right as a good fighting soldier, though a mere boy did his full share to serve the Union. Remained in the service until the end of the war. CHARLES L. HOUGHTON volunteered September Sth, 1862 at the age of 24, and joined Company H. Discharged at Brattleboro, Vt., May 11th, 1863 on account of disaloility contracted in the service. He returned home but never fully recovered from the effect of his army life. 662 7'lit- I'hirtccnth Reijiincnt I'crmonl I'olunteers SILAS G. JOHNSON voluntet-red from the town of Cabot, VI., Sci)tciiiber 8th, 1802 at the age of li.'i and joined Comi)any H. Promoted corporal May 29th, 18G3. Comrade Johnson earned the chevron stripes that adorned the sleeves of the coat he wore and he was proud and thankful. He was a first class man and soldier, and throughout his service dis- played good judgment and was alert, never flinching from any duty no matter how dangerous the service. (See page 326 for his picture.) EZRA KEYES volunteered from the town of Berkshire, Vt., September 9th, 1862 at the age of 23, and joined Company H. Wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3rd, 1863, and was in general hospital when the regiment was mustered out, July 21st, 1863, and was dis- charged from the hospital and from the service October 7th, 1863. He displayed great courage during the battle and was quite seriously wounded in the sanguinary charge against General Pickett's right flank. ISAAC KIMBALL volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 25. and joined Company H, and was discharged June 3rd, 1863 on account of disability. Rtf- enlisted September 17th, 1863, into Third Battery Light Artillery and died March 26th. 1864 of disease. (See page 342 for his picture.) LEANDER KIRBY volunteered from the town of Waterliury, Vt.. .August 2rith, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Served faithfully and discharged every duty from first to last, and was mustered out at the end of his enlistment with equal credit to the best in his company and regiment (Turn to page 328, and see a fine speciman of a man now 60 years old who when in battle was as brave as any that fought at the great battle of Gettysburg.) WILLIAM KIRKLAND volunteered from the town of Barre. Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21. and joined .Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863, returned home but remained in civil life but a few days, and then re-enlisted into Third Battery Light Artillery, September .5th, 1863. and continued in the service until the close of the war. and then was mustered out with a f;ond clean record as a soldier. JOHN B. KUSIO volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., September 8th. 1862 at the age of 21, and joined Company H. Served until discharged with his regiment July 21st. 1863. Re- enlisted December 1st, 1863 into 11th Regiment, Company I. Killed in the battle of Cold Harbor, Va.. June .5th, 1864, and buried at Cold Harbor, National Cemetery, Va. Because of the loyalty and heroism of such as Comrade Kusic the Union was saved from dissolution. PERRY LAKE volunteered from the town of Swanton, October 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H by transfer from Company K, and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted August 19th, 1863 into Company M, 1th Regt., Vt. Vols., at the age of 19; transferred to Company D January 24th. 1S65 and mustered out August 25th. 1865. This comrade was a boisterous, voluble, uneven tempered young man. but was bold and fearless and nuule a good fighter, NAPOLEON B. LAMONDE volunteered from the town of Cambridge, September 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out July 21st. 1863 by reason of having served his term of enlistment. Re-enlisted September 25th, 1S63 into Com- pany B, 17th Regt., Vt. Vols., and was wounded in the battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Va., May 12th, 1864. and was mustered out July 14th, 1865. This was a brave soldier and freely offered up his life on the altar of his country. Biographical a)id Historical of Company H. 663 PATRICK LANE enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt.. Sei)tember 11th, 1S62 at the age of 33, and joined Company H by transfer and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Returned home and resumed his former occupation and place in society. Was ever proud that he had served his country in time of need. JOHN E. LARKINS enrolled from the town of Richford, Vt., September 9th, 1862 at the age of 18. and joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted March 6th, 186.5, into Company E. 7th Regt. Vt. Vols., for one year and was mustered out March 6th, 1866. LEONARD W. LEACH volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 38, and joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out with his regiment, July 21st, 1S63. JOHN LEONARD volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 22, and by transfer joined Company H. Deserted October 11th. 1862. It may be that this soldier served in other regiments, but the references are so uncertain do not care to state further as to his service. The same name appears elsewhere, and I assume that he removed the stain on his character by re-enlistment. AURA LYFORD volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 47, and joined Company H by a transfer made at Brattleboro, Vt., just before muster in. Wounded July 3rd, 1863 at the battle of Gettysburg and in the charge against General Pickett, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. His first enlistment was in the 3rd Vt. Vols., Company K, from which he was discharged December 23rd, 1861. Re-enlisted again for the 3rd time, October 31st, 1863 and into 3rd Battery Light Artillery and died August 9th, 1864. This was an old man, but must have been extremely loyal and patriotic, and a good fighter for he volunteered three times and continued In the service from the -beginning to the end finally dying in the service. His picture on page 338 reflects his determination, a typical Green Mountain volunteer. JASPER LYMAN volunteered from the town of Duxhury, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of :;7, and joined Company H. Died in hospital at Brattleboro. Vt., February 17th, 1863. WILLIAM MAYBERRY enlisted from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 18th, 1862 at the age of 23, and joined Company H, and served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. WILLIAM MAJOR volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., October 3rd, 1862 at the age of 19, atajd joined Company H. Served his full term, and mustered out with his regiment with a clean record and good reputation as a valiant soldier. JAMES L. MARTIN volunteered from the town of South Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 35, and by transfer joined Company H. Promoted corporal June 4th, 1863. Served his full term and mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863. Died July 23rd, 1863, of wounds received July 3rd, 1S63. CHARLES McGLAUFLIN volunteered September 29th, 1862 from the town of Montpelier, Vt., at the age of 17. Wounded at Gettysburg, and in general hospital, July 21st, 1863. Mustered out and returned to his home and resumed his life on the farm. 664 The fliirtcciith Rc(/ininit rrr>iiont I'olitntcers MICHAEL MERCY enlisted September 11th, 1SG2, at the iige of Jl, iiiul counted on the quota of South Hero and joined Company H. and served his full term and mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 18(;3. Re-enlisted August 29th, 1864 into Company K, 11th regi- ment for one year and mustered out .Tune 24th. ISOri. JOSEPH MERRITT enrolled September 18th, 1862 and counted on the quota of Stowe, Vt., at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment .July 21st, 1863. ELISHA B, NORRIS enlisted from the town of Stowe. Vt.. September 8th, 1862 at the age of 36, and joined Company H by transfer. Sick in hospital July 21st, 1863 and mustered out on same day and returned home to Vermont haiii^y that he had volunteered and lived to return to his loved ones at home. THOMAS MORWAY enrolled from the town of W'aterbury. Vt.. .\ugiist 2.5th, 1862 at the age of 29, and joined Company H. and was mustered out July 21st, 1863 and returned home happy and glad that he had volunteered in the service of his country when called and when needed. Now- resides in Waterbury, Vt. (See iiage 332 for his picture.) GEORGE W. NICHOLS volunteered from the town of Barre, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21, and joined Company H. and was mustered out with his regiment July 2nd, 1863. (See page 336 for his pictures.) SETH A. MOORE enrolled from and counted on the town of Topsham. Vt.. August 25th, 1862, at the age of 21, and joined Company H by transfer, and died in hospital May 24th, 1863. (See page 334 for picture.) EBEN S. PERKINS volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., September 8th. 1862 at the age of 30, and joined Company H by transfer. Discharged March 29th, 1863. ANDREW E. OSGOOD volunteered and counted on the town of Cabot, Vt.. September 8th. 1862 at the age of 19, and joined Comi)any H. Died from mortal wounds received July 3rd, 1863 in the battle of Gettysburg on the 7th of July, 1863. and was buried in the National Cemetery at Gettysburg. He gave his young life that his country might survive. (See page 336 for his picture.) STEPHEN 0. PARKHURST volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21, and by transfer became a member of Company H. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. (See page 328 for his picture.) EZEKIEL PIERCE volunteered from the town of Woodbury. Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 40, and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page 330 for his picture.) JULIUS F. REYNOLDS enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the aee of 31, and joined Company H. Was discharged March 29th, 1863 on account of disability. Biographiial and Historical of Company H. 665 REUBEN RICHARDSON volunteered from the town of Fayston, Vt.. August 25th, 1862 at the of 45, and joined Company H. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted November 30th, 1863 and joined Company G, 6th Vt. Inf. Taken prisoner August, 1864 and paroled and discharged May 12th, 1865. WILLIAM ROAKS volunteered from the town of Moiitpelier. Vt., September 29th, 1862 at the age of IS, and joined Company H. Was discharged with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page 32S for his picture.) Wounded at Gettysburg July 3rd, 1863. PHILLIP SCHOOLCRAFT volunteered for and counted on the quota of the town of Bakersfield, Vt., September 9th, 1862, and joined Company H at the age of 18. Was mustered out at the end of his term of service. Re-enlisted November 3rd, 1863 into Company A, 17th Vt. Vet. Reg. Promoted corporal August 26th, 1864. Mustered out July 14th, 1865. He was a brave and valiant soldier. GEORGE E. SHAW volunteered September Sth, 1S62 and counted on the quota of the town of Cabot, Vt., at the age of 20. Discharged November 20tb, 1S62, on account of disability. THEODORE M. SLAYTON volunteered August 19th, 1862 at the age of 44 and counted on the quota of Calais, - Vt., and joined Company H. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page 332 for his pictures.) THOMAS J. SLAYTON volunteered September 1st, 1862 at the age of 44 and counted on the quota of the town of Worcester, Vt., and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. This comrade and Theodore M. Slayton of this company seemed to be of the same age and perhaps were twins: they at least were brave and patriotic and of good stuff for soldiers. (See page 344 for his picture.) RUFUS H. SLAYTON volunteered September 12, 18fi2. at the age of IS. and counted on the quota of East Montpelier, Vt. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863 Re- enlisted August 27th, 1864, 2nd Battery Light Artillery for one year. Died July 31st, 1865 in the service. (His picture will be seen on page 338.) CHARLES SMITH enlisted from the town of North Hero. Vt.. August 25. 1862: at the age of 21. Deserted October 11th, 1862, the very day that the regiment left Camp Lincoln for Washington. A man by this same name enlisted into several regiments and deserted. If the same person he had a mania for joining the army, but not for fighting. There are 8 different references made in Peck Roster, but I am sure it cannot mean the same person. JUDSON A. STONE volunteered from the town of Montpelier, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page 334 for his pictures.) EDWARD TAYLOR volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., September Sth, 1862 at the age of 27, and joined Company H. Mustered out at the expiration of his term of service July 21st, 1863. DR. CHARLES P. THAYER born at West Randolph, Vt., January 22nd, 1843. My father, Samuel W. Thayer, M. D., LL. D., was a descendant of John Alden and Elder William Brewster of Pilgrim fame- My mother was Sarah L. Pratt of Woodstock, Vt., a daughter of John A. Pratt, 666 riic Tliirtci'iilli Rcyimcnt I crmout I 'ulimtcers and grand daughter o( David llailey a revolutionary Boldier. Soon after my birth, my father moved to Northfield, Vt., and remained there until 1854, and became an Intimate friend of Governor Charles Faine, after whom I was named. During the Civil War he was Surgeon General of Vermont, and Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. A., in charge of the Baxter General Hospital at Hurlington. Soon after the battle of Lee's mills I went to New York and brought home the first batch of soldiers to that hospital. My association with those soldiers filled nie with a desire to enlist, and when the ]3th was organized, I enlisted as hospital steward, and was assigned to Company H the "Calais Artillery." Having commenced the study of medicine previous to enlisting, and my duties as Hospital Steward not giving me an opportunity to watch the progress of patients in the hospital, I applied for and was appointed Ward Master, and that position I held until mustered out. After retiring from the army I finished my medical educa- tion and graduated from the medical department of the University of Vermont in June, 186.5. I practiced in Hurlington, Vt., for a while, was appointed Health Officer and City Physician. In 1877 was appointed Surgeon to the Northern Pacific R. R., then in progress of construction and remained there three years. Afterwards returned to Burlington, Vt., and practiced medicine there until 1 moved to Boston, Mass., in 1878, and am still there. I have been secretary oC the Faculty and Professor of .\natomy in the Tufts (College Medical and Dental Schools since their organization. Am a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Vermont Veteran Association, Vermont Association. Gettysburg Post G. A. R., li. P. O. E., mason, etc. DR. CHARLKS P. THAYER, A. M., M. D.. Boston, Mass. Died at Atlantic City, N. J.. February 1st. KMn. (See page 48 for picture.) JOHN TROWVILLE was born in South Hero, Vt., January 11th, 1844, and volunteered September 7th, 1862 at the age of 18, and Joined Company H. Discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863. Was In the battle of Gettysliurg. Resides at South Hero, Vt. (See page 326 for his picture.) MARSHALL TURNER was born July, 1832, volunteered September 11th, 1862, into the Bakersfield Company at the age of 30. and joined Company H by transfer. Promoted corporal January 4th, 1863. Mustered out with his regiment, July L'isl, 1S(;:;. ALFRED WAINWRIGHT WEBB the second son and fourth child in a family of five, of Edward A. and Mary A. Webb, was born in Montpelier, Vt., December 19th, 1844. In 1847 the family moved to Northfield, Vt.. where tor a number of years the elder Mr. Webb was engaged in the stove and tinware business, but subsequently succeeded to the ownership and manage- ment of the Northfield House, which, in its day, was one of the finest hotels in Vermont. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools and academy of his adopted town. His oply brother, Charles A. Webb, was enrolled and commis- sioned as 1st Lieutenant of Company F, 1st Reg't. Vt. Vol. Inf. (3 months) and served until the expiration of the term of service of said regiment. August 5th. 1861 he was enrolled Captain of the 13th Reg't. V. S. Inf., brevetted Major July 4th. 1S6.3 for gallant and meritorious service in the siege of Vicksburg, transferred to the 22nd Infantry July, 1866, made full Major 16th V. S. Inf., 1880, and died at Fort McKavete, Texas, January 31, 1883. Alfred W. Webb enlisted October 1, 1862. and was mustered into the service October 10th, 1862 as a private of Company H, in the 13th Reg't. Vt. Vol. Int.. Ijiut was at once detailed for special service in the medical department where he was retained until mustered out with the regiment July 21st. 18G3. He removed with his family from Northfield to Chicago. 111., in the fall of 1868, and in 1S70 he entered the employ of the Chicago and North Western Railroad Company as clerk iu the office located at Chicago. For the past twenty years he has been cashier, which office he now holds. By his ability, untiring industry and strict personal integrity he has acquired a handsome competence and lives in the enjoyment of his family and surroundings in his home at La Grange, 111., a suburb of Chicago. In 1878 he married Miss Josephine Morgan of which union there have been born two sons, Edward A. (1881) who resides in Battle Creek, Michigan, and Charles M. (1882) who resides with his parents in La Grange. Mr. Webb is an active member of Hiram McCIintock Post No. 667 G. A. R., of La Grange, 111., and has held the office of adjutant, junior vice-commander and commander; the duties of which he has at all times fulfilled with credit to himself and honor to the Post of which he is a worthy member. (See page 326 for pictures.) Biographical and Historical of Company H. 667 TIMOTHY WEBBER volunteered September 17th, 1862, from Goshen Gore, Vt., at the age of 21, and joined Company H. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. FREEMAN WILSON was born in Cabot, Vt., September 6th, 1842, lived at home and worked on the farm until I was 21. attended school when I could and in this manner acquired a fairly good common school education, as I thought. My boyhood days were similar to my schoolmates. The community in which I lived was composed of good citizens, law abiding, patriotic, loyal to principle of state and nation. When rebel guns fired on the Stars and Stripes that waved over Fort Sumter in April, 1861 I began to read and think and ponder over what would be the result, and what was my duty. After reflection my brother and I decided to enlist and soon the opportunity came and we both volunteered September 8, 1862, and counted on the quota of our native town and joined Company H. My brother was 22 and I, 21; both very healthy, rugged and very well calculated to endure the dangers and hardship of army life. The town in which we had lived was very patriotic and devoted to the cause of liberty and the principles of the Union of states and bitterly opposed the attempted secession by some of the Southern states. Nearly all of the 16 that enrolled from Cabot were young men, only one old man, Lyman Hinkson, and he was a nvely old boy, and was happy, active and full of fun as any. My army life was without particular incident until we reached Gettysburg and there we saw the awful and indescribable scenes of a mighty and sanguinary battle between two great armies, the -most valiant and intrepid of the North and of the South. Each side fought with desperation for victory. Gettysburg was a great battle and the result more potential and of greater moment than all the battles that had been fought up to that date. I apprehended death during the battle, and was, I think, a little timid. Many were killed and wounded and the air was full of deadly missies and I realized that death might be my lot at any moment. I tried to do my duty on that field of battle. On the third and last day of the battle I received a wound which might have been fatal had I been a trifle taller, as it was nothing more serious than a brief sleep, the loss of some blood and a mark which it took many years to obliterate. I recovered in a few moments and took my jilace in the company. I was discharged with the regiment July 21, 1863, and returned home and resumed work on the farm for a few years and then went out West and engaged with the American Express Company and continued with this company until September 1st, 1904, in different positions, and was retired on a generous pension by the express company. I was married December 29, 1875 to Nellie D. Crumb, of Harvard, III. My wife was born at Elkhorn. Wis., February 9, 1854. To us were born Harriet Wilson July 8, 1878. My parents were Jesse Wilson and Sophronia Hoyt. My grand parents were Nathaniel Wilson and Kzra Hoyt. I now reside at Pawnee City, Neb. I sincerely wish that once more my surviving old comrades might be taken by the hand and recount the incidents when we as boys served our country. 1 ever turn in loving rememhrance to the scenes of childhood, the hills, streams and valleys, the school mates and comrades, still living in the dear old Green Mountain State. And now I realize that all but a few brief days of my life are behind me, cannot express my gratitude and thankfulness for the lessons taught around the fireside of my father's humble home that induced me to strike for liberty, home and country. It was the single act of life of which I am most proud. Colonel Randall's Green Moun- tain Boys won imperishable glory and honor at Gettysburg, secured victory and made certain the preservation of the Union. FREEMAN WILSON. I was charged by Comrade Wilson to change his sketch so it would appear in the second person. His extreme modesty is uncalled for and the Historian could not forego the temptation to publish it as prepared and submit to the consequences. R. O. S., Historian. JOSEPH WILSON volunteered from the town of Cabot, September 8, 1862, at the age of 22, and joined Company H. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned home and resumed his occupation and place In society. Died in Marshfield September, 1901. He left two sons, Jesse and Clarence, who reside in Marshfield, Vt. RUSSELL WHEELOCK volunteered August 19, 1862, at the age of 36, and joined Company H. Was taken sick and discharged April 18, 1863. The winter camp of Wolf Run Shoals, with unusual ex- posure on the picket line undermined the strong constitution of Comrade Wheelock and he was sent to the hospital from which he was discharged and sent home to Vermont where he regained his health in part. WILLIAM W. HOLDEN, Northfield, Vermont, Historian of Co. I. 13th Yt. Vols. Biographical and Historical CO. Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers civil war 1861-1865 Dedicated in sacred remembrance of Benjamin N. Wright, slaia in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863. Interred in National Cemetery of Gettysburg, Pa. Biographical and Historical of Company I. 671 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY I. THE volunteers that enrolled into this company were from the towns of Montpelier, Barre, Waterbury, Middlesex and nearby towns. Montpelier being the capital town of the state, and having comparatively quite a large population and many eligible young men suitable in every respect for the strenuous life of a soldier in active warfare, and also living in a locality where the tide of patriotism and military spirit ran high, and all, men and women, rich and poor, old and young, were intensely interested and aroused concerning the fate of the Union; for these reasons Company I was fortunate in the character of those who responded under the call to join this company. This was an advantage that the other companies of the 13th Regiment did not have. This primary situation bore fruit in the organization of the 13th Regiment in that more than a proportionate number were selected from this company to positions of honor and responsibility as officers of the field and staff. We do not for a moment claim that Company I as a whole, was any more zealous, patriotic or loyal than the other companies of this quite important regiment. It was, however, more advan- tageously surrounded than the other companies and into its ranks a superb class of volunteers admirably equipiied and qualified for office, had freely and early joined the ranljs of Company I as privates. Because of these circumstances a larger number than otherwise would have been the case, were elected and appointed to take charge of the regiment. The subsequent history of the regiment demonstrated the wisdom of those chosen to command and conduct the affairs of the 13th Regiment. I refrain from the mention of names for I would not make invidious distinction between the companies of this quite famous regiment. The high type of men that enlisted into Company I gave promise of devoted and valuable service in the pending conflict. I know there were volunteers in the other companies educated and of high character that would have gi'aced any position and distinguished themselves in battle it the opportunity had been given them. The test of suitable officers to command is the exigency of a hard fought battle and thus it was during the battle of Gettysburg, on many occasions in the crisis at the salient points of desperate contest those who had from the beginning marched in the ranks and charged bayonets in the face of belching cannon and a desperate foe. exhibited again and again their fitness to command, even a regiment. The volunteers of Company I and all of the other companies were composed of no ordinary class of men, they were of the best of Vermont's noble heroes. They acquitted .themselves with great credit and won unstinted praise in the gory charge against the very flower of General Lee's army, led by that intrepid fighter. General Pickett, down in the valley of Plum Run, where Colonel Randall's Green Mountain Boys crossed bayonets with the desperate and valiant foe. The biographical sketches of Company I that follow, mention the names and individual incidents of those who served in this company. Company I is entitled to all honor and praise not only tor freely volunteering when the Union was struggling for its life, but also for its conspicuous conduct in the great battle of Gettysburg. My dear comrades, sincerely do I regret that language at my command cannot be invoked that would more amply and justly speak of the living and the dead who offered their lives that their country might be saved. Company I was in the van in gathering up the prisoners taken and one of the companies selected by Colonel Randall to conduct them to the rear. Many of Company I in civil life since the war have become prominent in the various vocations, won honor and esteem and gained riches and high standing in letters and politics. 672 The Tliirtecnlli Rcijimcnt I'crmunt I'olunteers CAPTAIN JOHN M. THATCHER. Prior to enlistment was assistant principal of Barre Academy. After serving his term he returned and acted in the same capacity for a time when he obtained a position in tlie Patent Office. Washington, D. C, from there he went to Chicago, and formed a partnership with Captain Coburn of Company C, as patent lawyers, and amassed unite a fortune. He died several years aso. FIRST LIEUTENANT CHARLES E. BANCROFT was an officer well liked by his men, but on account of ill health he resigned January 15, 1863, and died a few years later from disiabilities received in the service. SECOND LIEUTENANT SAMUEL F. PRENTISS never was with the company, being in detached seivice serving as an aide-de-camp on Gen. Stoughton's and also Gen. Stannard's staff, while his company saw. and knew very little of him. he had the reputation of being a gallant officer. He was taken prisoner with Gen. Stoughton. an account of which is given in another part of this history. He removed to New York City soon after being discharged and died several years ago. SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES S. PECK served with the company as sergeant and lieutenant and was promoted adjutant Jan- uary 22, 1863, and served in that capacity during the remainder of our term of service. He re-enlisted and was major of the 17th Regiment. No better or braver officer ever served in any war We all loved Jim Peck, .\fter the Civil War he was Adjutant- General of the state and was prominent in state affairs and from the effect of the service he died May 2S, 1884. at Loon Lake, N. Y., of consumption. Buried in Green Mount Cemetery. Montpelier, Vt. SECOND LIEUTENANT CHESTER W. SEARLES was sergeant in Company G, and acting with the ambulance corps was promoted January 22, 1S63, and assigned to Company I, which company well knowing that there was plenty of good timber for commissioned offices in its own ranks did not give the young lieutenant a very warn reception or very cordial treatment. But by strict attention to business he soon gained their confidence and after commanding the Company through the battle of Gettysburg he always had a warm place in the hearts of the members of Company I. He has followed railroad mail service and farm- ing since the war, and has for a long time resided at Berkshire. Vt. FIRST SERGEANT ALBERT CLARKE when the war broke out was having a flourishing law practice in St. Louis. Mo. When his partner entered the Confederate service he started for Vermont to enter the service of his country preferring to serve in a regiment from his native state. He served very acceptably as first sergeant until January 22. 1863, when he was promoted to first lieutenant and assigned to Company G. His history in that company will be given with the company. Since the war he has been prominent in business, social and Grand Army circles, and is favorably known all over the country. FIRST SERGEANT ALFRED B. THOMPSON was fourth sergeant and promoted January 22, lSii:i to first sergeant and acted as first lieutenant during the battle of Gettysburg. He was a graduate of the University of Vermont and was following the vocation of teaching. He was familiarly known to his comrades as Barrel Thompson. He was a good officer and well liked by his men. One may judge of what stuff he was made when they learn that he went West soon after the war and engaged in mercantile business in Moberly, Mo., he made a success of business and although a staunch Republican living in a strong Demo- cratic city he was elected to the legislature. For many years he was city treasurer. He was mayor of the city and held many minor offices for many years. He has been justice of the peace and has quite a lucrative business in that line. Every one speaks well of Sergeant Thompson. Biographical and Historical of Company I. 673 SECOND SERGEANT GEORGE W. BLANGHARD When the war broke out he was working upon a farm. He was a fine musician and the most beautiful singer I ever heard. Every member of the regiment will remember hearing Blanchard, Wood and Gale sing. Many a time the tears trickled down our cheeks when they sang Marion Lee, Zoula Zong, or Rock Me to Sleep, Mother. And many a time when we all had the blues they were dispelled by their witty songs. He never sang vulgar songs. He was a clean, moral, exemplary young man and a good officer, in short he possessed all the aualities of a good soldier. He re-enlisted into the 8th Vermont and served until the war closed. After the war he in company with his brother, Ora, who served in the 2nd Vt., bought a farm In Williamstown and were good farmers. During the winter he taught music and was a fine singing teacher. He died in Williamstown several years ago. SERGEANT CHARLES C. VARNEY was a builder in the town of Barre. He was a quiet young man of few words, but did everything with military exactness. He was a fine looking, fine appearing officer and always did his duty and was a favorite with the men. After the war he returned to Barre and resumed the occupation of building. He has been a contractor and builder and worked on some of the finest buildings in Barre and adjoining towns, and is considered a fine mechanic. He is still active in business and has been a success financially and otherwise. SERGEANT ASA C. ATHERTON was a good soldier and officer, but his health was not sufficient for the hardships ot a soldier and he was discharged January 15, 1863, for disability and lived only a few years. SERGEANT MASON B. CARPENTER was a student at Barre Academy and enlisted into Company I when he was only 17 years old and served as private until promoted to sergeant January 15, 1863. He was an apt scholar and naturally of a military turn. After his term of service expired he returned to Barre and fitted for college at Barre Academy and graduated at the University of Vermont and studied law at St. Albans, Vt.. and resided there for several years when he removed to Denver, Colo. While at St. Albans he was captain of a company of Vermont Militia, and later was colonel of a regiment ot Colorado militia. He is prominent in all matters which tend to better his adopted state and is a very successful practitioner in the courts. SERGEANT CHRISTOPHER C. PUTNAM was a member of the firm of C. C. Putnam & Sou, extensive lumber manufacturers and dealers at Putnamsville in the town of Middlesex. He served as private until promoted to sergeant January 22, 1S63. As a private soldier and as an officer he knew his duty and always performed it. He was discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and resumed his place in the lumber firm at Putnamsville and is now senior member of the firm which always have and are still doing a very extensive business. He has represented his town in the legislature and also his county in the Senate, and is one of the siihstantial men of the state. CORPORAL CHARLES H. BEEDE was a native ot Orange, and was working on a farm at the time he enlisted. He was short in stature and quite athletic, being the short corporal he usually acted as left guard of the company. After his discharge he returned to Barre and has followed the occupation of farmer and been quite successful. CORPORAL AUGUSTUS L. FISHER A man of happy make up, he had a way of saying and doing tunny things which made him a favorite with all. If the rain poured in torrents you would hear Gus Fisher yell, "Ain't you glad you enlisted?" A little commissary whiskey would set him to preaching and singing gospel hymns and under all conditions he was happy and tried to make others happy. The last I heard of him he was In Oregon In the meat and provision business. 6/4 /'"' J hirtcciith Keyiiiicnl I'crmont Volunteers CORPORAL HUGH H. GRISWOLD enlisted in Waterbury and early in his service was detailed Color Corporal and served in that capacity during his term of service. He was not a very rugged boy; was only 19 years old, and he was off duty frequently from sickness. When he was well wherever the colors went he went. I have known little of him since the war but he died some years ago. CORPORAL WILLIAM W. HOLDEN enlisted from the town of Barre, Vt., counted on the quota of the town of Barre, and was born in Barre in T844. Brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native state. He was one of the young boys of the Barre company and a very en- thusiastic youth anxious to become a good soldier and go to Washington and join the army. His picture on page 358 of this book indicates a vigorous, well-formed, determined looking, manly appearing young man, a typical Green Mountain boy. None of Company I or of the regiment from general appearances gave better promise for the strenuous life of a soldier than Corporal Holden. He was alert, up and on hand for duty, for fun, or an excursion outside of camp among the natives night or day, and always procured his share; and. yes, he paid lor what he bought when green backs and scrip filled his plethoric pockets, which was seldom. He was exceedingly proud of his official relation and put forth his best efforts at all times in the dis- charge of his quite responsible duties. Was prompt, attentive, courteous, and de- servedly popular as a corporal and soldier. He was of good character at date of enrollment, free from vulgar and profane speech, upright and honest, straightforward, discharging his duties to the very letter as he understood them. It is not too much to say that he was a model non-commissioned officer as well as a soldier. Was on hand for duty at all times, never finding fault or hesitating no matter how arduous the task, exposure and danger, never interfered with cheerful performance of duty. He was the youngest of the non-commissioned officers of Company I which fact in- terfered with promotion. Only one vacancy occurred among the list of corporals dur- ing the term of service until after the battle of Gettysburg and that was in May, 1863, and that was filled by H. Dwight Smith, a man 27 years of age and he was well qualified for a lieutenancy. The corporals of Company I as a class were better than any other company in the regiment. And those who were promoted from the ranks to non-commissioned positions were wisely selected as a subsequent career in life has demonstrated. Corporal Holden though the youngest on the list of Company I, maintained and fulfilled his position as well as any of his associates and stood high in the estimation of his comrades at the close of his services. The writer has heard it often stated by Corporal Holden's superior officers "that none evinced better courage and more heroic conduct on the battlefield of Gettysburg than the young corporal of Company I." His comrades were justly proud of him then and have ever been since, in his long and successful career in civil life. Though farming has been his principal business, he has held many positions of honor and trust, securing always esteem and confidence in every relation of life. He has been kind and generous, a dutiful husband and loving, indulgent father. As a citizen of Xorthfield and Washington county his enviable reputation and good character was established years ago. As a survivor of the 13th Regiment and a member of our Regimental Association is one of the foremost in promoting every project for the pleasure of his comrades and cementing the ties of friendship by his cordial greeting and hearty shake of the hand. His council is good, tempered with conciliation, and with a high grade of common sense. He is justly held with high esteem among his old comrades. The author of this article wishes a green old age to our dear Comrade Holden and that his last years may be useful and happy and when finally mustered out will die uni- versally regretted. COMRADE. * • • CORPORAL CHARLES 0. HUMPHREY •was the long corporal, being six feet, four inches and always marched at the right of the company. He enlisted from Waterbury and served with the Company through its term of service: was good-natured, kind hearted and a brave soldier. He returned to Waterbury and followed farming till he died a few years ago. CORPORAL GEORGE H. DAVIS enlisted at Montpelier and followed the fortunes of the company until he was taken sick, not being rugged enough for a soldier, he was discharged May 6. 1863. from disabilities incurred in the service and died some years later. Biographical and Historical of Companv I. 675 CORPORAL JAMES W. MARSHALL was a tall, stalwart fellow and a good soldier. Members of his family dying at home while he was in his country's service and he was unable to be with them, broke him down and he was somewhat disheartened and at times fretful and cross, and the principal theme o^ his conversation would be when our time would be out. but he manfully did his whole duty and was discharged with the regiment and was employed by the C. V. R. R. Co., until he died some twenty years ago. SERGEANT WALLACE H. BALLOU was a son of the famous preacher and editor, the Rev. Eli Ballou. Being small in stature and not being inured to hardship or accustomed to hard manual labor the duties of a soldier was to him a trying experience, but he cheerfully performed every duty and endured every hardship and by his manly and soldierly deportment he won the confidence of his superior officers so that when the Sergeant-Major of the regiment was killed at Gettysburg, he was promoted on the battlefield to the office of Sergeant-Major. But he returned to civil life with his health impaired and fol- lowed in a small way farming and was quite a poultry fancier, raising fancy poultry. He died quite a number of years ago in Bethel, Vt. MUSICIANS. HIRAM T. WHITNEY was a good fifer and a jolly good fellow. He is practicing dentistry in White River Junction and is a success in his chosen calling. DRUMMER CLARK BOUTWELL we younger boys thought was an old man, being forty-five years old when he enlisted but he clung to the ship and beat his drum until the regiment was discharged and returned to Soxith Barre, where he died a few years ago, an infirm old man. THOMAS C. ALEXANDER enlisted at Montpelier as wagoner, but was reduced to the ranks January 1st, 1863, and served in the ranks during the remainder of his term of service. He was not a very healthy man. and was off duty considerable of the time. He died several years after the war. GEORGE BADOR was a farm laborer in Barre when he enlisted and was a faithful soldier. He re- turned to Barre after the war and for many years I have known nothing of him. FREDERICK J. BARNES enlisted from Barre and never shirked any duty, but was a brave and faithful soldier. He went to Massachusetts soon after the war and his comrades know little of him. ORIGIN BATES enlisted from Barre where he was born. He was a rugged, powerful man of a rather crabbed disposition. He had a bad temper and was not a favorite with the boys. He was a very religious man, but the boys used to say that his religion consisted more in quantity than quality. He was unsympathetic and selfish, which cannot be said of any other man in the company: but soldier life is a good place to have such; characteristics Improved and he did his duty and came home a better man. He died In the West several years ago. HORATIO G. BEEDE enlisted from Barre, although a native of Orange. He was a genial, good fellow and never shirked his duties. He was a quiet, honest, faithful, soldier, but he returned to Barre somewhat broken In health and died a few years after the war. 676 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers PLUMMER R. BENJAMIN enlisted from Montpeller and was a good soldier. Whenever his name was called for duty he answered here. He returned to Montpeller and has followed several vocations and for many years he kept a boarding house, nnd has been a success In bis business. WINSLOW L. BLANCHARD enlisted at Montpeller. He was the shortest man in the company, and was familiarly called "Stub," and although small of stature he was always ready to fight If any one cut his corners. He was wounded at Gettysburg, being struck on his cross belt and ended over without drawing blood. The shock rattled him and he screamed and ran and was not seen again until the fight was over. He has resided in Mont- peller since, and is still a familiar figure on the streets. IRA B. BRADFORD enlisted from Barre and had attended school and worked upon his father's farm. He was always a friend to anyone in need. Was very conscientious regarding his duties as a soldier, but laid his scruples aside when it came to foraging. When General Hooker's army started on the Gettysburg campaign he was detailed build- ing roads and was terribly poisoned w-lth poison oak. His condition was such that he could not march with the regiment. I never saw a soldier feel so badly as he did be- cause he could not join in the fight and he talked about it as long as he lived. He re- turned to Barre and was a prominent farmer. CONSIDER W, BRINK was with the company only a short time. Soldier life was not to his taste. He managed to get discharged I suppose he was sick. He has since died. ALBERT J. BURRILL was a gaunt, slender boy. He enlisted in Barre and was a faithful soldier. He was quite a singer and his favorite song was, "Marching on to Richmond," and he sang it until everybody was sick of it. He has followed farming and now resides in Elmore. JAMES CAMPBELL enlisted at Montpeller and was a jolly French boy of 17 years. His witty sayings always amused us. He was a good forager and a true soldier, always ready for duty and a lover of fresh meat, and hogs and cattle often found their way into camp by his influence. He has been a good citizen since the war. Is still living, the same jolly fellow he always was. ORVIS CARPENTER enlisted at Barre. He had to gain a year in order to be eighteen, but he was equal to any emergency which did not require labor in his younger days. He had the reputation of being averse to work. He was a comical genius and everybody liked him. He had always had an easy time and his parents had indulged him in luxury and the hardships and privations of the soldier's life made him very home- sick, but after a time he shook that off and was a good soldier. After the war he learned the marble cutting trade and is a good workman. He has for many years been running the marble business in Saratoga, N. Y., and is a good successful busi- ness man. DAVID G. CARR enlisted in Barre. He served with the company during its term of service and he also served in two other organizations, serving during nearly the whole time of the war. He Is now living in Chelsea. JAMES B. CAVE served In the ranks until January 1st, 1863, when he was made wagoner. He was taken prisoner when our teams were captured between Camp Carusi and Fairfax Station and paroled. He was discharged with the regiment, and followed farming, and was a good farmer. He died in Barre about 1903. Biographical and Historical of Company I. 677 JAMES CRAWFORD was a quiet, honest, conscientious soldier. I have been unable to learn anything of him since the war. He was born in 1840, and educated in the old district schools of Vermont. His record was good, never absent at roll call without being accounted tor. He was one of the every day boys, earned his hard tack and coffee, pork and beans and the $13 a month in green backs. He was a good feeder, and vigilant on picket, good on tie march and brave in battle. LEVANDER S. CREE enlisted at Plainfield, Vt., and was detailed with the ambulance corps, and served In that capacity during his entire term, only when off duty on account of sickness. He had trouble with his lungs, and died with consumption a few years after the war. WILLIAM DANIELS had to add several years to his age, in order to be the required age of eighteen. He was a fat, jolly, fellow liked by everybody, and went by the name of "Dilly Daniels." He was working in a bakery when he enlisted, and like most growing boys had a wonderful appetite which had made a market for many of the good things in the bakery, and a change to hard tack and pork told on him, but he never grum- bled or found fault, but always seemed perfectly satisfied. He was a faithful and brave soldier; after the war he engaged in the meat and provision business in St. Johnsbury, and was a good citizen and a successful business man. He died about ten years ago. ISAAC K. DAVIS was a thin, spare man not very strong and not quite equal to the trials of a soldier. He was discharged February 4, 1863, for disability, and has since died. JOSEPH H. DEMERITT enlisted at Waterbury. He was a very quaint, unassuming man, and did not engage in or enjoy the antics of the boys. He faithfully performed his duty and was a good soldier. HARPER A. DEMMON enlisted at Waterbury, and was transferred to Company 1 soon after we entered the service. His history will be given with Company C. PETER J. DEWEY was working in Cross's bakery at Montpelier when he enlisted. Was nineteen years old, straight and soldier like in all his movements, and very good looking. He was a favorite with both officers and men, always performed his duties faithfully, and was a brave soldier. He engaged in mercantile business, and did a successful busi- ness in Montpelier for many years. He has retired from active business, and is en- joying the fruits of his labors, and is still vigorous and healthy. WALLACE W. DODGE was small in stature, straight as an arrow, nineteen years old when he enlisted. He had ideas of his own on all subjects, and was very set in his opinions. He was always ready for duty, and his share of the hardships of army life. He followed the vocation of painting for many years, and was a good workman. He died about ten years ago. HENRY A. DOW was a farm laborer and enlisted at Barre. when nineteen years old. His comrades remember his peculiar ways and how he used to threaten to scratch our eyes out. He was second to none in the performance of his duties and was a good soldier. He has never attended any of the soldier reunions or communicated with his comrades, and It Is not known to me whether he is living or dead. JOHN G. FARWELL spent his youth on a farm in Barre. When the war broke out he was clerking in J. G. French's clothing store in Montpelier. He exchanged luxurious fare for hard 678 Till- Tliirtfcnlh Kcyuuent I cnnont Volunteers tack and pork and beans. He exchanged a paying clerkship in one of the most flourishing mercantile establishments in the state to carry a gun and knapsack. He was a lover of domestic animals, especially the horse and he was a fine borse- maa. Recognizing these qualifications Colonel Randall detailed him to take care of horses and that fact accounts for the Colonel and Adjutant's horses looking so fat and sleek. He was such a lover of a horse that he had one of his own. How he came in possession of it was never explained. There was a rumor in the company that he did not buy it. There were also floating rumors as to how he obtained teed for it. If you want to know how he got the grain ask Surgeon Nichols. He was discharged with the Regiment and followed the clothing business at Montpelier for several years. When the Wells River Railroad was built he became interested in that, and has been prominently connected with the road since. He may be found at all hours of the day at the old stand the Wells River depot. DANIEL N. FRENCH enlisted from Waterbury. He was a great, muscular, kind-hearted, jolly fellow, a friend to everybody and always ready to help any who needed help. He was a good soldier and a general favorite with all the boys. He returned to Waterbury and fol- lowed variotis callings. He died about twenty year.s ago. JOHN P. FLANDERS was born in Montpelier in 1838 and enrolled from that town. He was not rugged as some and could not endure the life of soldiering. Was taken sick and for some reason was discharged August 10, 1863. MARTIN E. FRENCH was very much like his brother, Daniel X. He was a very muscular man, and when four or five of us smaller men pitched into him at once we soon found ourselves piled in a heap. He attended strictly to his business and always seemed satisfied with his lot. The French brothers, Charles O. Humphrey and James Marshall tented together; no one of them was less than six feet tall and no one of them weighed less than two hundred and their tent was the refuge of every one in trouble. Martin G. French was a good soldier: he was wounded in the thigh at Gettysburg. He is now living in Stowe. FRED M. GALE was working for his uncle in Barre when he enlisted. He was a spare, frail looking soldier, and wore glasses, he laid them aside long enough to pass the examination, but his eyes were bad and we called him old blind Perrin. He was a fine singer, and we all remember the grand concerts we used to have; no better soldier ever entered the army than he was. He was in every respect a true man, and that kind always made good soldiers, although not as robust as some of us, he never shirked a duty. When Calvin Seaver's leg was shot off at Gettysburg and the air was filled with missies of death, and everybody was laying low, he corded his leg and stopped the blood. He re-enlisted in the eighth regiment and served till the war closed. After the war he followed farming for a time in the town of Orange, he afterward went to Chicago and is now one of the members of one of the most flourishing firms in Chicago. WILLIAM W. GOODWIN was a carpenter when he enlisted at Montpelier. He was an athlete, and could per- form nearly all the feats seen at the circus. He was a good soldier and was dis- charged with his regiment. He took up his trade of building and has followed it most of the time since, and is a good mechanic. MILD K. GRAY enlisted from Waterbury. He was the son of a clergyman and one Sabbath morning a party of us were on picket on Cub Riin and it was proposed that we have religious services and he was selected to preach. He objected, but was compelled to do so: it took some vigorous treatment to make him preach, but we applied the treatment until he consented, and i)reached a very good sermon, although his. discourse con- signed some of his hearers to a warm climate. He was discharged with the regi- ment, but I have no knowledge of his whereabouts since, but am quite sure he never followed in the footsteps of his father. Bioyraf'Iucal and Historiiul of Company I. 679 CHARLIE C. GUPTIL was a tall, straight, fine looking soldier, who always tried to do his whole duty. He was somewhat pompous and had a good opinion of himself, but was a good soldier. I have known little of him since the war. He is reported dead, LORENZO B. GUPTIL was the opposite of Charlie; he was rather slouchy in his personal appearance, cared very little whether his gun and other accoutrements were in order or not; shirked duty whenever he could, and was a good soldier only when obliged to be. He was not lacking in courage and when brought to a pinch was not found wanting. He sur- vived the war only a few years. GEORGE F. HARVAN of Barre, gave his age as seventeen, but was not quite sixteen when he enlisted. He was a wild boy but passed all the requisites of a good soldier, and during his term of service was never off duty. When on guard at Brattleboro his orders were to search teams and be sure no soldier was concealed in them. A couple of young ladies were driving out in a top buggy and were very indignant to be halted and told him that he knew very well that no soldier was in that carriage, but he insisted on making a very close examination and felt all around under the seat, around their feet and under the lap- robe, the girls saw that it was a boyish prank and commenced laughing and told him that they were proud of him and enjoyed the manner in which he performed his duty and that if all the soldiers were as conscientious in per- forming their duty the country would be saved. He knew no fear. He was never tired. He would march all day and raise Ned all night. There was nothing he or his comrades needed but what he found, if within ten miles of camp. He was a general favorite with officers and men. He was always known as Cooney Harvan. He re-enlisted into the Vermont Cavalry and was detailed as a blacksmith, which trade he learned from his father; the cavalry was having a fight; he closed his shop, got a horse, and went into the fight and was killed. CHARLES H. HOWARD enlisted in Barre. He gave his age as 17, but on the school register it was 15. He and Harvan were great chums. Their names came together on the roll and they were nearly always on duty together and nothing escaped their attention. Charles Howard was nearly six feet tall, straight as an arrow, of fine proportion, his clothes and equipments were always faultlessly clean, and he was a model type of a volun- teer soldier. He was a young man of good health, although a private, we always called him Lieutenant Howard on account of his always keeping his clothes so clean. He was wounded at Gettysburg, although it was never so reported. He was as brave as the bravest. In the spring of 1S64 he went to Pennsylvania and at the time President Lincoln was shot he was arrested as J. Wilkes Booth and held nearly 24 hours. He died in New York state in 1866 and I always believed his death was the result of the wound received at Gettysburg. FRANKLIN HOYT gave his age as 45; some said he was older, we young fellows thought he was an old man. He enlisted from pure patriotism and he served his term with Company I and re-enlisted in the 17th Regiment. He was shot through his lung, the bullet passing through him I think in the Wilderness, but he lived and came back to Mont- pelier and built houses vintil about ten years ago when he died. ROBERT HUMPHREY enlisted from Waterbury. He was quite a large man, very quiet, always attended to his duty. T suppose he is still living but know nothing of his whereabouts. JERRY HUTCHINSON, JR. was a native of Orange. He was tall and straight, soldierly in appearance, well liked by his comrades, and a good soldier, always doing his duty cheerfully and faithfully. He enlisted at Barre, and since the war he has been a farmer in Barre. He is a good citizen and a good farmer. 68o The Thirlcoitit k'niiiiu-iil I'cniuml Volunteers FRANCIS JANGRAW enlisted from Montpeller and his age Is given as eighteen. He was a rugged, healthy boy, and equal to any emergency. He was a good forager. One day on picket an old sow with ten nice pigs came near his post, his love lor baked pig got the better of him, and he gave chase, he stuck his bayonet through a pig but the squealing brought the old sow to the rescue. With his gun over his shoulder, the pig squealing on the bayonet and the enraged sow in hot pursuit, Frank made pretty fast time for a rail fence. When he came to the fence he threw gun. pig and all over the fence. The pig wiggled off the bayonet, the old sow took a piece out of the seat of his i)ants and he picked, up his gun. looked after the retreating pigs and simply remarked. "That was a mighty close shave." He was a brave soldier; was slightly wounded at Gettysburg; came back to Montpeller and resides there now NELSON JOHNSON was forty years old when he enlisted in Barre. He was not a large man. but very strong and athletic. He seemed to us boys an old man. He endured the hardships better than any of the other old men and was a good soldier. He returned to Barre after being discharged and resided there until his death about ten years ago. DUDLEY B. JONES enlisted from Waterbury at the age of thirty-one. He was a very quiet man always attended to his own business, was well liked by all the boys and was a good soldier; has since died. EDWIN JONES was eighteen years old or less when he enlisted from Waterbury, a man of slight build, but wiry and active, always ready for duty and a good soldier. He has Uved West most of the time, but is now living at Montpeller. JABEZ JONES was eighteen, and enlisted from Waterbury, always did his duty and stood well with both officers and men. He died some years ago. JOHN D. KELLOGG could not stand the racket and was discharged about a month after entering the service. ROWLAND P. KNEELAND enlisted from Waterbury when nineteen years old. His father was a tanner by trade, and How, as he was always called, worked at the same calling. He was a jolly good fellow, and a good soldier, during the spring of 1S6?. he had a hard run of typhoid fever and we all expected he would die. but his pluck saved him. After the war he took up railroading and for many years he has lived in Boone, Iowa, a successful railroad man. JOHN W. LADD alwavs called bv his comrades Dudley, was one of the best of soldiers. Unused to hardships or privation, he accepted the life of a soldier and made the best of It. He survived the war only a few years. JAMES C. LAMB soon after entering the service was promoted to the office of Com. Sergeant and served in that capacity until his term of service expired; giving good satisfaction. He has since died. JOHN B. LANGDON was a very slight, small man. but passed the examination mid did much better as a soldier than one would think possible. He carried the mail lor a time when in the service and was a useful man in the service. He has since died. Biographical and Historical of Company I. 68l EUGENE LAVIOLETTE was a Frenchman and a shoemaker l)y trade, plying his trade in Montpelier at the time of his enlistment. He was a very jolly fellow, tasty in his dress and very par- ticular about his personal appearance. His accoutrements were always in perfect condition, and he was conscientious In the performance of his duty as a soldier. When his term of service expired he returned to Montpelier and his cobbling. He was an industrious and good citizen. He has since died. MARSHALL B. LAWRENCE was a large, powerful man. He enlisted from Barre and served with his company during its term and returned to Barre, where he died a few years later. GEORGE E. LEMWIN was a quiet, unobtrusive man, who always attended strictly to his duties, and was a good soldier. I have never seen or heard from him since discharged, but he is re- ported dead. HOBART J. MARR was a light complexioned, light haired boy less than eighteen years of age. He ran away from home and enlisted in the company, giving his name as William Carr, but his father found him and consented to his enlishment and he took his right name and was a good soldier. I have known nothing of his whereabouts since the war. DAVID MITCHELL was a black eyed, keen looking little French boy. He was a great lover of a horse and a good man to take care of them, and he was detailed to take care of horses and served in that capacity most of the time. When the regiment was discharged he re- turned to Montpelier. Has since moved to Burlington and is engaged in mercantile pursuits. FRANCIS MORRIS was a character, long, lank, uncouth in his movements, but jolly, kind-hearted and a very genial comrade; everybody liked him. He was about seventeen years old with a growing boy's appetite and had the art of always finding something to satisfy it. He was a great forager and many a porker and fowl found its way into camp through his agency. He is still living the same easy going, jolly citizen. WILLIAM NOYCE gave his age as forty-five when he enlisted. He looked much older. Some of the boys said he was over ninety. The exposures of soldier life were too much for his age and constitution and he was off duty much of the time and discharged at Brattleboro February 28, 1863. He has since died. ALONZO D, PECK enlisted at Montpelier. He had been in school and worked as bookkeeper and ac- countant in a store. Carrying a gun and performing the duties of a soldier was quite a change, but he stood up bravely and did his duty and was a good soldier. He re- turned to Montpelier with the company and is still living there. GEORGE A. PECK was twenty years old when he enlisted at Montpelier. He was unused to hardships and soldier life was too much for him and he was discharged January 12, 1863, and returned to Montpelier. He regained his health and engaged in mercantile business and has been one of the firm of Barrows and Peck for many years. He has been a success as a business man and stands high in his community. CHARLES H. PERRY enlisted from Barre and was one of the many who gave their age as eighteen. He took kindly to the rough fare of the soldier and pork or beans or hard tack were 682 'flic Tliirteciith Rcyiiiicnt I'crmont Volunteers good enough for him If the quantity was sufficient. He ate so much pork that he was called Pork Perry. He was a good soldier, always doing his duty and after the war he went to WlUiamstown where he was a Rood citizen until he died a few years ago. LEANDER PERRY brother to Charles, was thirty years old when he enlisted. He stuttered badly and like many who have Impediments In their speech he had many by-words, and made much amusement for his comrades who will all remember how he used to say, "B-B-By g-g-g-gosh a-a-all H-H-Hemlock." He was not very well and did not take good care of himself, but he stuck by and was discharged with the company. He re-enlisted in the Seventeenth Vt. Hegt. and died in the service. WILBER F. PIPER volunteered from Montpelier August 24, 1862, at the age of 24, and was a brave soldier and made a good record on the march, picket line, and in battle. Mustered out July 21, 1863. LEROY PRESCOTT volunteered from Waterbury, Vt., August 25, 1862, and was 19 years old when he was mustered into the army. Was a valiant soldier and was mustered out July 21, 1863. WILLIAM H. RIDDALL, JR. enlisted from Barre when he was 20 years old. He never shirked any duty, was a faithful soldier and was discharged with his regiment. He returned to Tunbridge and was out of health for several years when he died. ALVA ROWELL enlisted from Waterbury and was a good soldier until his health failed him and he was discharged April 1st, 1863. He has since died. CALVIN E. SEAVER had a rough exterior but was at heart a good fellow. He was a good soldier, always doing his duty. He lost his leg at Gettysburg July 3rd, and was discharged. He died In Moretown several years ago. CURTIS H. SEAVER brother to Calvin, was a brave soldier. He served with his regiment well on all oc- casions and was discharged when the regiment's term expired and has since died. DWIGHT H. SMITH familiarly known as Dolphus. embodied all the requisites of a good soldier, always particular as to his personal appearance. His gun and equipment and clothes were In perfect order. He was well proportioned, straight and fine looking. He always made light of hardships and privations. He was generous, kind hearted and brave; no better soldier ever shouldered a gun. He was promoted to corporal May fi. 1S63. After the regiment was discharged he returned to Montpelier and worked at his trade, a plater. The only enemy he had In the world was strong drink. He died several years ago. HERCHEL F. SMITH enlisted from Waterbury. He was a small, spare man. very quiet In his habits, but attended strictly to his duties, doing his whole duty at all times. He served faithfully during his term of enlistment and returned to Waterbury where he has followed the vocation of farmer and is a respected citizen, WILLIAM C. SMITH was one of those who gave their age as 18. He was rather small in stature and like his brother Herchel. was of a quiet disposition, conscientious to perform every duty and was a good soldier. He is still living. Biuyraphical and Historical of Company I. 683 WILLIAM D. SMITH was tall and straight and was a fine soldier. He took pride in doing every thing promptly and well, and was well liked by his comrades. He was discharged with the regiment and returned to Montpelier and for many years worked in Bailey's feed store. He was an excellent nurse and took care of the sick for many years. He died some ten years ago. ORVAND STONE enlisted from Waterbury. He was in the prime of Life, being 32 years old, strong and rugged. He never engaged in the many scrapes of the boys but quietly performed his duty and was a good soldier. He was discharged with the regiment and returned to Waterbury where he has since died. CHARLES D. SWAZEY volunteered August 2.5. 1899 from Montpelier and joined Company I- He was a prac- ticing attorney with good prospects of success in his chosen profession. He served his country bravely and well and returned to his home when his term of enlistment had expired with health impaired and succumbed to consumption a few years later. JOHN J. VAN ORMAN was a shoemaker by trade, and a skilled workman. He was a fine looking fellow, a genial companion, and a good soldier. He served his country well, and came back to Vermont and resumed his vocation of shoemaking, and is still living in Springfield, Vt. GEORGE E. VARNEY brother of Sergeant Charlie Varney enlisted from Barre. He was a good natured, quiet fellow who did his duty on all occasions and could be depended on in any emergency. He went to New Hampshire after the war and died there. CHARLES H. WASHBURN was one of the old men of the company, being 44 years old when he enlisted. His health was not quite equal to the hard knocks incident to soldier life, but he remained with the regiment during its term of service. He returned to Montpelier and died there. JOHN WELCH was a man whom no short sketch of mine could do him justice and as I am limited to a few lines I must simply say that he possessed all the qualities which go to make a good soldier. You might with safety rely on him in any emergency in life. He was content to serve in a humble sphere while he was competent to command a company. He acted as scout outside our lines and rendered valuable service. No better soldier ever served in any army. The history of his after life may be read in another place in this history. STEPHEN G. WEST enlisted from Barre. He did not take kindly to the life of a soldier; he found fault with everything; he was homesick and despondent and finally sickened and died May 17, 1863, at Camp Carusi. SIDNEY G. WHITNEY was one of the many whose age was reported as IS. He was a jolly good fellow, who made the best of every hardship and helped to make life easy for all the others. He was also a soldier who did his whole duty and was well liked by all the company. He is now living in Kansas; has made a success in business. WILLIAM H. H. WHITNEY brother to Sidney was very much the same make up, always jolly and punctual to duty. He was taken sick in the winter and was so bloated that he could not do duty, and was discharged April 6, 1863. He is living in Kansas. 684 'J I'c Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers ALBERT P. WOOD one of the trio who used to give us such fine singing and who all the members of the company remember, enlisted from Barre. Blanchard, Gale and Wood we all remember them for their glorious music but they possessed other good qualities. Wood was a soldier who would never complain or ask for favors. He was far from well but would never ask to be excused from any duty. I bunked with him for months and can from my own knowledge say that he would do his duty, and many times when he was not able to do it. He had pure bulldog grit, and was as good a soldier as ever shouldered a gun. He is now living in Boston, and has a good position on the electric road. WILLIAM C. WOODRUFF volunteered from Waterbury and enrolhil in Coiniiany I at the age of 26. He was a quiet man who just did his duty and gave little heed to others. Was all right as a soldier and as a man; all right on the long march and in battle. WILLIAM A. WORCESTER enlisted from Waterbury. He was a very moderate man and when at home liked to fish and hunt better than work. He tried to do his duty as a soldier and stuck to his job and was discharged with the regiment. He has since died. PRENTISS C. WRIGHT had a disposition to be a good soldier, but his health was not equal to the task and he was discharged January 31st, 1863, and has since died. BENJAMIN N. WRIGHT was a large muscular man, always ready to do his own duty and assist any less fortunate than himself. He tented with three others and none of the four were less than six feet tall or weighed less than 200 lbs. He was large hearted, generous and brave. At the battle of Gettysburg he was shot through the body and died that night. He was shot just before we made the flank movement which made Stannard's brigade famous and as we passed him when we changed front he raised on his knees and while the air was full of shot and shell he bade us good by and many of us shook his hand as we passed him. His funeral was held in Montpelier after we came home and many of his comrades attended it. HALI'll OKSON STUKTKV.aNT, Swaiitoii. Vermont. llistiiriaii of Co. K'. ll^th Vt. Vols. Biographical and Historical CO. K Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers CIVIL WAR 1861-1866 Dedicated in loving memory of our brave comrade Corporal William Church, slain in battle at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863. There is no greater honor than to die in defense of home and country. hof/raplncal and Historical of Coiiil^aiiy K. 689 THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY K. THE writer of this article volunteered August 20. 1862. to appiy on the quota of the town of Swanton. The total number enlisted men remaining after medical examination and election of company officers was 110; (Captain L. D. Clark and Serseant Orloff Whitney having been promoted at the organization of the regiment to major and Adjutant respectively, left a total of 108. Of this number 3 were officers. This company arrived in Brattleboro, Vt., on September 29, 1862, to be mustered into the United States Army. It was at once ascertained that some of the companies did not have the required number of men and some had more; hence transfers were made that all the companies might be made up to the regular com- plement before muster in. Eleieu were transferred from Company K into other companies, mostly to Company H. After deducting two more, who left on account of homesickness, or other reasons, ninety-five men and three officers totaled ninety- eight, and this was the number mustered in October 10, 1862 and started for Wash- ington, D. C, reaching there without further loss or accident. My acquaintance with the members of this company was limited to Stephen F. Brown, of Swanton. a schoolmate at Bakersfleld Academy in the fall of 1860, and Jeremiah H. Searl. of St. Albans, Brown and myself had volunteered in September, 1861. expecting to go in Company B. 1st Vt. Cavalry, but did not succeed in becoming soldiers at that time. We were not satisfied and determined to try again. And when the call of August 4th, 1862 for 300,000 more was made we at once agreed to volunteer under this call and to go into the same company. Stephen F. was designated as one of the recruiting officers of his native town, Swanton. Brown signed at the head of his roll, and many others followed. And at this time my ac- quaintance with those who volunteered into what was after called Company K com- menced, with the exception of course of S. F. Brown and .lereniiah Searl. And from the first day that we assembled at that picturesque and quaint old village in Highgate, and took up our temporary residence at that then antiquated and yet quite conspicuous (owing to its location) hostelry presided over by Landlord Frank Johnson, to the day we were mustered in and out at Brattleboro, Vt., did I mingle almost daily with tliis important, and in some respects, quite famous comjjany. soon becoming very well acquainted with all that belonged to it. The peculiar character- istics of each, their fitness for soldiers, their conduct in the camp, on the march and in battle. The loosening of obligations of civil life and home influences were occasionally apparent, and perhaps under some extreme and pressing circumstances entirely forgotten. The hitherto most upright and best of fellows as soon as they left home and became soldiers seemed to think their relations and obligations were enitrely changed, and acted accordingly. Not that they did anything very bad, but were now living under a military code, and belonged to Uncle Sams' army, and were en.titled to do those things that would not have been even thought of at home. It is not my pur- pose in this article to mention all the little foraging expeditions for hens, pigs, potatoes (sweet and Irish), honey, milking cows, etc.. etc.. for it would not be hardly right, for we were much the same as other companies in our regiment, though it is true that Company K had one or two, perhaps more, who had the credit of being champions in finding things out among the natives, who were regarded as rebels that answered nicely as dessert after feasting on salt beef, pork and beans and hard tack. I thought then, and still am of the same opinion, that nearly all of those native families that lived between the outer picket lines of the two armies were in fact in full sympathy with the Southern cause, though they earnestly proclaimed to be for the Union. We were never able to find among these families only old men and cripples, now and then a darkey, and women folks of the household. The rest were either in hiding, or were in the Confederate army, and we had reason to believe some were of Mosby's command, that made things interesting for us on their forays, night or day, most any time, when oiiportunity was favorable. I am reminded, my comrades, that I too, was of Company K. and am very jealous of the reputation of my associates in this Company, and therefore call to mind what J. D. Rockefeller once said: "There is so much bad in the best of us; There is so much good in the most of us; It hardly behooves any of us To talk about the rest of us." and yet I am expected to give an impartial historical sketch of my comrades of Company K, that will meet with approval of the survivors, and in so doing may fyi)0 Till- I'liirtrcnlli Rcijiinoit I ' crmont I ' oliinlccrs disclose some incident thai my comrades participated in, aJid were connected with, while In the service. None of us had seen much of the world, and hardly had even been out of sight (before enlistment) of the green hills and fertile valleys of our beloved state. Nearly all of us were horny handed farmer's sons, mere boys, mostly between the ages of fifteen and twenty-two, a few older, and John Chappel. the oldest of our company, and in the regiment, was fifty-three. Since the firing on P'ort Sumter in April. 1861 we had heard much and learned something about war and some of us had brothers and fathers who had volunteered, and therefore intensely interested and knew what we were doing when we volun- teered, though soldier life, the camp, the march, the battle, the killed and wounded, the dreaded hospital, the prison pens, were visions now to us. and yet we expected too soon that these visions would surely Income realities. The average age of this company was twenty-three. Yankee born, mostly, and from the best families, active, healthy and strong, good height, good sized, good natured and good looking, happy and jolly always, generous and kind, brave and courageous, many devoted Christians who wore their religion as they did their uniforms, where it could be seen and read by all None were cowards as I am aware of. only a little timid at first in battle. Indeed we were a happy family, and like brothers, ever anxious tor the welfare and hapiiiness of each other, and as such we joined the army at Washington. D. C, in October. 1862. Between about the 20th of August and the 10th of September, possibly some before and a few after, the boys who joined Company K volunteered, and the towns from which they came. Swanton. Higbgate. Franklin. Alburg. North Hero and Grand Isle were saved the humiliation of a draft, with the exception of Grand Isle, which furnished one drafted man and a number of substitutes for Company K. These towns were duly notified that those who had enrolled under the call of August 4th were to meet at Higbgate on September 11th to organize a company, elect officers, and commence to drill, etc.. etc. There had been more or less talk among a few, as to officers to be chosen, but on the whole, but little thought or consideration had been given the question of officers. September 11th, 1862. was a most delightful day, and during the forenoon a large number had arrived and the park in front of Landlord Johnson's hotel was literally covered with boys and men, women and children, to witness the important event of the day, election of company officers. There were present 126 volunteers, selectmen from the several towns, fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters, wives and sweethearts, relatives and friends of those that had enlisted, numbering as many more, all anxious and curious to see and hear, tor nothing of the kind had occurred in this quiet village before. None were officers yet. and all stood on a level and all were very cordial and greeted each other like old friends. We met. the most of us, for the first time, but after a little, freelv mingled in a friendly way. and soon knew each other, and began to talk about war, battles, and the election of officers. It was soon ascertained that quite a number were willing to serve as officers, and a good many were well qualified, but we were to have only a captain and two lieutenants, and there could not be commissioned offices enough to go around, and some must be satisfied with non- commissioned positions. The writer of this article, as before stated, was a total stranger to all. but his friends Rrown and Searl therefore looked on, listened, and took but little part in the preliminaries for election. It was generally understood that Higbgate, Swan- ton and Franklin should have the commissioned officers, namely. Captain, first and second lieutenants, and that Captain L. D. Clark who had served as captain of Com- pany A. 1st Vt. Regiment for three months, and because of experience, age. valor and other qualities ought to be made captain, and the majority rather acquiesced in this view, and in fact he was a man of good presence and military bearing. There was good material from other towns for Captain, and they were quite willing to furnish it. From Franklin there were Orloff Whitney and Kdward Hibbard and Carmi L. Marsh, three of their equal and fitness was not to be found among the assembled recruits from any of the other towns, but the Franklin boys were quite modest and did not urge any one for captain, and said would be satisfied with a lieu- tenant's position, and would agree among themselves who they would name as their choice. There was finally a sort of an understanding between Higbgate and Swanton that Captain Clark of Highgate should be elected captain, and when the question as who should have the honors bad been arranged and agreed upon by the managers, (which took a good while) a man appeared on the piazza of the hotel, waved a Hag to call attention and then said. "All is ready forward your votes for captain." All the l)oys started at once, for it was now mid-afternoon and all had been waiting a long time, but we went pell mell. belter skelter, ballots in hand, for we had been liberally supplied with them, each crowding and pushing to get his vote in first, very much after the manner of voting at town meetings in those days. The votes were quickly cast and HhHiraplncal and Historical of Coiupaiix K. ''m)] tounted. and Caiitain Clark was chosen l)y a handsome niajoiity. and declared by tlic officer in charge duly elected captain, whereupon all commenced to cheer and clap their hands. Soon Caiitain Claris aiipeared, and the speech he made 1 shall never forget. It was eloijuent and ))atriotic. I had never heard him before and was deeply impressed, and thought him quite remarkable, and just the man to lead us in battle. In a few moments announcement was made to forward votes for first lieutenant, and away we went again, ballots in hand, but not so well agreed, and there was considerable excitement and anxiety, for Captain Clark's friends who had kept quiet until he was elected, were now more out-spoken in their preferences, and it was not so certain as to the result, but the count gave my friend Brown a good majority and he was declared elected first lieu- tenant. In short order we were told to forward our votes for second lieutenant, the vote was cast and counted quickly, and Carnii L. Marsh of Franklin, was the unanimous choice for second lieutenant. The clans of Fi-anklin especially East Franklin, were jubilant and content because of so complimentary endorsement of their candidate for second lieutenant. Both Brown and Marsh made nice little speeches, and thanked the boys for the honor, and promised to do their best. The facts are that the boys did not have much to do about this election, and still they were generally well pleased and satisfied. It was really pretty much all arranged by the leading citizens and selectmen of the several towns there represented, before we commenced to vote, and the boys were given the great privilege of ratifying the selections made for us, (the third house, as is said, fixed it up). Some resented this way and thought that those who were to go should have had more say as to choice of leaders. A few were disappointed, but said not a word, and all joined in hearty congratulations to those who had been so highly honored. I doubt very much if the history of any other company of our regiment furnished a more harmonious choice of company officers than Company K. On the whole the first meeting of the boys was full of good will and cheer, and pleasure and satisfaction to all, for on this day commenced many an acquaintance that grew into warm friendship, and the indissoluble ties of comradeship which in after years ripened into that relation, akin to that which existed between David and Jonathan of old, and now with more than forty-five years intervening since that first meeting, there is not to be found on earth any such abiding friendship among men as found among the survivors of Company K. The day was well nigh spent, and we were informed that the officers elect had been considering the question of appointment of non-commissioned officers, (sergeants and corporals) but would not be able to report until after medical examination. We were also told that arrangements had been made with Landlord .lohnson to feed and keep all who wished to remain, but it any wanted to go home, would be given a furlough until the 16th, on which day all must be present for medical examination. We soon found that a furlough involved simply our word of honor, and promise to return. Most of us returned to our homes, realizing now that we were organized into a company of soldiers, and soon would be on the way to take an active part in the suppression of the Rebellion. The papers were teeming now with ominous news concerning General McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, its failure and losses. General Pope's battle of Second Bull Run, and the invasion by General Lee with his mighty army flushed with victory into Maryland to capture Washington, and the urgent calls for troops to hasten on to defend the capital city of the nation. Such depressing news at such a time, and when only just organized was food for thought and meditation, and anxious solicitude for the cause of the Union. We sincerely believed in a few days, that we should be on the way to Washington to take an active part with the army of the Potomac. We were ready for the life of a soldier, and its consequences had been fully considered before we volunteered, such at least was the case with nearlv all. Tuesday, September 16th was a lovely day, and the boys were all on hand for medical examination. As a rule we were a little timid and anxious, for we knew not how rigid the examination would be, or how many of us would be rejected. Dr. Hiram F. Stevens, of St. Albans, had been appointed and was present, ready to discharge the duty assigned him. He looked and appeared like a kind hearted gentleman of the old school and came with a well earned reputation in St. Albans, where he was born and was a prominent citizen and physician. He assured us no one would be harmed, and no occasion to be frightened. We were taken one by one, into the parlor of the hotel, and given such an examination as was required to ascertain our probable fitness tor soldiers. This took all day for there were 126 for examina- tion. The manner of examination was novel and some blushed when asked to strip to the skin. The doctor was full of fun and joked as he carefully handled and looked us over, taking from three to five minutes in each case. Only a few were rejected, thirteen out of one hundred and twenty-six. Some of the rejected were much disap- pointed, and others consoled themselves with the remark, "No danger of being drafted (h;2 Tin- I'liiitcciilli Kcijuiicitt I cniumt I 'oliiiitccrs now." The selectmen ot the several towns were present on this occasion, and deeply interested, for unless enoush of their enlisted men i)assed the examination, they would he obliged to find others to fill up their (luota under the call, (and that verj- quickly), for appearances indicated we sliould leave the state for the front very soon. Most of the boys returned to their homes for the uipht, others remained at the hotel. Just before separation Captain Clark expressed his regrets that any had been found to be physically disqualified for the army, and was very sorry to part with any who had enlisted into his coni|iany. als-o gave notice that he would announce on Friday the appointment of the noncommissioned officers, tliat the medical examination being over, the selections could be made and that the officers would look the situa- tion over and do the best they could to please every one, and was very sorry that the regulations did not permit the appointment of more officers, believing from his acquaintance, though brief, that nearly all would make first class sergeants and corporals, and was grieved to think that some must be disappointed, also said that we must now commence military drill, that there were some in the company who had seen service and would give instructions in marching until sergeants and cor- porals were appointed, and to be on hand at 9 o'clock next morning. All were on hand at the appointed hour and were lined up in front of the hotel for instruction. Xot one looked like a soldier except Captain Clark, and he had on the uniform that he wore when he was captain of Company A, 1st Regiment Vt. Vol- unteers, three months' men. The cai>tain undeitook to loini us In a straight line, but after repeated trials gave it up: it was our first effort, we stood facing the same way, and side by side, but the line was more like rail fences we found at Camp Carusi, that disappeared so quickly after we arrived there He finally divided us into squads of some twenty in each and placed us in charge of Blake, \\liitney. Smith. Church and Sisco, and they took us out on the Common to receive our first military lessons. It was my good luck to be in the squad of Geo. G. Blake, later elected captain, and who had served three months as sergeant in Company X, 1st Vt. Regiment in the spring and summer of 1S61. He took us up opposite of the village cemetery where stood a good stretch of fence and placed us up against it. and in this way formed a pretty good line, placing the tallest at the head of the line and then asked us to count twos. This was Greek to us. None in this squad knew what to do, but were told and did it then all right, and he, Blake, said. "Now when I say right face number one will turn one-quarter way round to the right standing in the same places, No. 2 will, when they turn take one step to the right and forward so as to be on line with No. 1 man, forming double or two ranks:" this was a long order and all were ignorant, but apt and eager to learn. This we practised for some time, and had it not been for the cemetery fence nearby, the line would have been anything but straight. We could see now the reason why placed along the side of the fence. After a little the order was given "right dress." No one moved, but were told what to do and how, and soon had that. Then came instruction how to march and keep step, stepping off with left toot first then the right, and so we started down the road. Sergeant Blake marking time by saying, "Left, right, left, right." and keeping watch to see if all were doing as told. This was the first lesson, and it lasted about two hours. It was hot and the boys began to look red in the face and wanted to rest. It was about noon, and down to the hotel we all went to dinner, well satisfied w-ith the first lesson necessary to fit us for soldiers. As I recall to mind that first lesson. I wonder that we ever became proficient in military tactics and so quickly. Companv K was one of the best drilled companies in the line, and on drtss parade was always prompt, lining up into position in good style. Friday the 19th was a day of considerable interest for all who were on hand to hear the announcement of non-commissioned officers of the company, promised for that day. We were all lined up in front of the hotel, and an order was read in military style, as follows: "Headquarters. Highgate Company. Johnson's Hotel, Highgate. Vt. General Order No. 1. The following appointments are hereby made: Sidney S. Morey. First Sergeant: James Halloway, Second Sergeant: George G. Blake. Third Sergeant: Levi Smith. Fourth Sergeant: Orloff Whitney, Fifth Sergeant; Sumner H. Jennison, First Cor- poral; William Church. Second Corporal: Martin H. Hicks. Third Corporal; EMgar F. Sisco. Fourth Corporal: Harland P. BuUard. Fifth Corporal: Hiraiu S. Smith. Sixth Corporal; Melvin D. Corey, Seventh Corporal: William P. Olmstead, Eighth Corporal: Edward A. Hibbard, Ninth Corporal: Cornelius T. Frink, Tenth Corporal." This announcement disappointed a few, and surprised more, but the luajority was satisfied and were in no sense candidates and did not care. 1 never knew just why two more corporals were appointed than we were entitled to. but so it was. Hibbard and Frink were at the bottom of the list, so had to surrender and take tlieir places as high privates and wait for the future. The most of us remained at Highgate drilling daily until the 26th. In the mean time orders had been received, giving notice of the organization of the regiment at Bioi/rapliical and Historical of Com ['any K. 693 Montpelier on the 24th of September. The commissioned officers of Company K responded to this call, and were present and took an active part in selecting the field officers. Captain Clark of Company K was there and had seen service, was ripe in years, and his general appearance was quite striking, and gave a very favor- able Impression. After arrival at Montpelier, looking over the situation, it was found that the election of Francis Voltaire Randall as Colonel was conceded and for Lieutenant Colonel and Major a number of candidates were talked of, and the officers of High- gate company with Whitney and others of our company, who went down to watch the proceedings decided to try and elect Captain Clark as Major. Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown was auite an aggressive wire puller, and Marsh and Whitney were not slow, and Captain Clark understood the ways of the world and was a shrewd man, and on finding out the situation at once made friends with the Montpelier and Barre Company, suggesting to them they bring forward A. C. Brown, the then Captain of the Montpelier Company, as a candidate for Lieutenant Colonel, pledging their assistance. It was agreed to, after they had gathered tor election and arrangements were at once made for bringing forward A. C. Brown for Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Clark as Major, and it worked like a charm and they were duly elected. Sergeant Orloff H. Whitney was also made Adjutant of the regiment, which was quite a compliment to this company. These changes left a vacancy in our company of a captain and sergeant, and that was the next question that stirred up our boys considerably, and there was no end of talk and differences of opinion, as to who was best fitted to fill the position of Captain made vacant by Captain Clark promoted to Major, in fact every man of our company was now siding up and counting noses for the contest. Some of us who had heard about the military rule of promotion took it tor granted that First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown would be advanced to the captaincy, and Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh, First Lieutenant, and. First Sergeant Sidney S. Morey advanced to Second Lieutenant, and so on, but we were soon informed that a contest would be made for the position of Captain by Third Sergeant George G. Blake, of Swanton, and he had seen service as Sergeant in the First Vt. Regiment three months, and had many friends among the boys whom he had been drilling for some days, besides influential friends outside, wiio were active in his support. The writer who had now become somewhat acquainted with Sergeant Blake and many of the others of our company realized at once that he would be a strongr candidate against Lieutenant Brown, and as a friend of Brown, and. working for his promotion, expressed fears and gave reasons to Lieutenant Brown for them, but Brown confident as ever and remarking that Orderly Sergeant Morey would like to be elected Second Lieutenant, and he had many friends in the company from Swanton and High- gate, who w-ere anxious for his promotion and Carmi L. Marsh's friends, too, would stand by him because they wanted him advanced to First Lieutenant, and he had seen the boys and was sure that it would be all right, and that my fears were groundless. I could see that in view of his now being left in command of the Company as First Lieutenant and fairly entitled to promotion, and Marsh's friends who were en- thusiastic for Brown in order that Marsh might be advanced, and Morey's friends too, were anxious for his advancement, that likely my judgment was a little off and yet I had been daily with the boys since organization September 11th, and had become very well acquainted with most of them, and as soon as we heard the news on the evening of September 24th, that Captain Clark had been elected Major, the boys commenced to talk about who would now be elected captain. Some said Lieutenant Brown and others Sergeant Morey, and a tew of the Highgate boys wanted Sergeant Halloway, also quite a respectable number who thought Sergeant Blake would be the better man for captain. The next day and night and forenoon of the 2Gth was spent by the respective friends of the several candidates, in an endeavor to arrange combinations, programs that would bring victory to the aspirants for office, and it was a very laudable am- bition, for all mentioned were worthy and qualified, and no mistake could be made whoever won out. Naturally my little influence was for Brown, and yet I had in the few days of association with the boys become attached to many, especially Sergeant Morey, Halloway, Blake, Lieutenant Marsh, and privates Best, Meigs, Robey, Hicks, Searl, Butterfield, Comstock, Hibbard, Richardson and others and so mingled with all and conversed freelv concerning the coming event, which bid fair to be more exciting than our first election. September 26th was a grand day for election and all were on hand agreeable to notice, cheerful and happy, enthusiastic for election, and confidence could be seen in every face (but before the day was over some were sadder and wiser too). No one seemed to be in a hurry to commence. It was evident that all were not of the same opinion, and time was given to talk the all important suljject over, and for an hour or two on the little common in front of the old hotel, was seen squads of boys here and there, earnestly engaged in trying to convince each other as to who should be elected captain. It was urged that Highgate had their man at the 694 ' ''•' Tliirlt-riitli h'r(/iiiii-iit I'l-niiciit I '(ihdttrrrs first elec'tuiii, wlicii Caiilaiii Cliirk was chosen, and tliai Franklin liad second lieutenant and Sergeant Whitney of Franklin had heen made Adjutant of the Regiment and they ought to be satisfied, and Swauton should he accorded the captain. This line of argument was ciuite effective, but there was trouble about agreeing as to who should have the place. Sergeant Halloway would not consent to be a candi- date, for he said Highgale was not entitled to it. and that he was not fit for it anyway. Lieutenant .Marsh would not l)e a candidate against Lieutenant Urown under no circumstances, and that l'"ranklin had been given all they asked, and now had all they were entitled to, and he did not feel competent for the position, which he already held, and did not care to advise anyone how to vote. Major Clark was on hand and took an active interest in the tiuestion of the day, and in fact had been authorized to have charge of the election. It was claimed by some that .Major Clark favored Sergeant Mlake to succeed as captain, and the result justified this claim.. The third house or o\itsiders were consideralile in evidence on this election as well as at the first, but of a different composition. It was well toward noon when Orderly Sergeant Morey appeared on the piazza of the hotel and said, "Already, forward your votes for some one for Captain, only those who belong to Highgate company have a right to vote, and no others will be permitted to come into the place where the votes are to be received by those appointed for the purpose, not to hurry or crowd, plenty of time will be given for all to vote." The count showed that Hrown. Hlake and Vorev cnnie out about lu ck and neck with a few scattering for Sergeant Halloway and Lieutenant Marsh, but no one receiving a majority, another ballot was at once ordered. It was now quite sure that a number of the boys had on the first ballot given a complimentary vote to their particular friends, with the promise if no choice, to vote for some one else at the next ballot, and the line up was a little different this time. An effort was made to break the slate, but it was too late, the Franklin boys (the most of them) were supporting Sergeant Blake instead of Lieutenant Brown. The Highgate boys were divided between Brown. Morey and Blake, and those from Alburgh. North Hero and Grand Isle were largely favorable to Blake and Morey, and thus matters stood as the second ballot was about to be taken. The vote was taken and counted, and Sergeant George G. Blake was elected captain by a handsome majority, and the boys cheered and clapped their hands. Sergeant, now Captain Blake, ajipeared and in his quiet and modest manner thanked the boys for the honor and pledged his best efforts to serve the whole com- pany, and that it would make no difference to him in his relations to the individual members of the company as to whom they voted for, that it would be his aim to treat all alike. Among the first that walked up to Captain Blake was Lieutenant Brown, who like a true man and loyal soldier, (and he was that from head to foot), and con- gratulated hini on being elected cajitain, and that he not only cheerfully acquiesced, but having served as sergeant in Company A, First Vt. Regiment (the same company his father was a member of) and had had experience was by far the better fitted for the position than any other man of the comjiany. Sergeant Morey came forward and in shaking hands said that while he had suiv ported Brown, had not the slightest objection or feeling against him, and was pleased to congratulate him on his success, and at once tendered his resignation as orderly sergeant. if Captain Blake had anyone else he desired to jnit in his place. Xo one seemed to feel bad, for all recognized it a most suitable choice. If Marsh had not been quite so modest about being promoted to first lieutenant, and Morey's friends could have been convinced that the only chance for him was to support Brown on the first ballot, then advance Marsh, the company would have been officered Stephen F. Brown, Captain: Carmi L. Marsh. First Lieutenant and Sidney S. Morey. Second Lieutenant. But in the light of to-day the writer is of the opinion that all of the survivors of Company K sincerely believe that no mistake was made when Sergeant Blake was chosen captain. The vacancies in the list of sergeants by reason of Sergeant Blake's and Whit- ney's promotion to captain and adjutant, were filled by appointing Merritt Manzer third sergeant and promoting First Corporal Sumner H. .lennison to fifth sergeant. Jackson Chadwick. the especial friend of Lieutenant Marsh was appointed first cor- poral to take the place of Corpora! .lennison. The election was over and Captain Blake gave all i)ermission to go home, but to be back Monday for we were liable to be ordered to Brattleboro for muster into United States service at any hour, and then the most of us went to our homes, to say good-by to our friends for the last time before leaving the state. Either at the close of this day or on the following, which was Saturday, Captain Blake received orders from headquarters to start with his company on Monday morn- ing for Brattleboro. We were now scattered and at our respective homes, and special messengers were sent out to he at Swauton Monday morning September 29th in season to take the cars for Brattleboro on the early morning train. Nearly all arrived in time. The writer met the train at St. .•Mbans, having come over from BioiirapUical and Historical of Co)ii/^aiiy K. 695 Egypt in the town of Fairfield that morning, twelve miles away. We were the furthest nortii, and therefore took the cars first. Company G, the Bakersfield Company we met at St. Albans, and the Winooski, Colchester and Essex company and Burlington company at Essex Junction, and the Richmond Company at Richmond, and the Morristown and Waitsfield companies at Waterbury, and the East Montpelier company and Montpelier company and other companies at Montpelier Junction. It was a long, heavy train, moved slow, and did not arrive until late in the after- noon. I am not certain that all of the companies of this regiment rode into Brat- tleboro on the same train, but if two, one followed the other arriving at the same time. On our arrival at Brattleboro, we were received by Colonel Blunt with his regi- ment, the 12th, and escorted to the camp groimd called Camp Lincoln, where the 12th regiment had been tor some days. We were assigned to some wooden buildings long and low called barracks, prepared tor the purpose, and in these we took up our temporary residence, and right glad were all that found a place to rest for the night, for all were hungry and tired. We were now for the first time, together as a regiment, and from now on must be considered from new surroundings and asso- ciations, and as a part of the 1.3th regiment. I will now leave for the present further comment on the general history of my company and speak of the individual members of Company K, hoping to revive in the memory of the survivors, incidents connected with our comrades of forty-five years ago when boys, camping and tramping, marching and fighting, as soldiers and patriots, for the preservation of the Union. The implacable foe of man, time, unrelentless as ever has severed the brittle thread of life and many, yes, a majority, of our company comrades of those eventful days have passed over the turbulent river and joined the silent majority where too soon those who remain must follow. I am apiirehensive unless some mention is made here by name of those who belonged to this company, some one may be forgotten. Those who have prepared sketches of themselves and their comrades that served in this company will not need ad- ditional comment in this article, and should such be not further spoken of here, the reason will be because elsewhere in our book of history, ample mention is made. 696 riic 'rUirtmith h'riiiiiirul I'riiiiniit I 'dhiiitccrs CAPTAIN LAWRENCE D. CLARK first cai)taiu of this company, was born in Swantoii, \'l.. In 1812 and died in his native town in 1892. He was the grandson of Tlionias Clarli, one of the early settlers of the town. His father was a captain of a sailboat for many years on Lake Cham- plain, and took with him his son Lawrence while a mere boy, who soon became pro- ficient and attached to the occupation of a sailor and followed it for many years, attaining the then quite distinguished title of Captain on the Lake. Captain L. D. Clark was a leading citizen and took an active part in all matters for the advancement of society. At the time President Lincoln made his first call for troops in April, 1861, Captain Clark was captain of the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton, and was the first line officer of the organized militia of the state to offer the services of this company to Governor Fairbanks in response to the President's call for 75,000 men. This company, the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton was given the right of the line and called Company .Ji, 1st Vt. Regiment, and mustered into United States service May 2nd. 1S61. Captain Clark was mustered out at the expiration of the term of service, and was subsequently active in the organization of Company K. i:!th Vt. Regiment, was elected its first captain, and on the organization of the regiment elected major. He was an able man, and a very fluent talker, and his speeches at town meetings and elsewhere were always eloquent, captivating and convincing. Though about fifty years of age when elected major, yet he was vigorous and active. The oldest officer in the Regiment and in the Second Vermont Brigade, and yet was on hand and ready for duty at all times, night or day. He resigned at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va., March 31st, 1863, with the declared purpose of entering the navy. He had been to Washington a number of times w-ith that end in view, as was said, to confer with General Casey and others, and when he presented himself before the board for e.xamination with his resignation and recommendations, he was told that he was not eligible for service in the navy on account of his age, having a few days previous passed the age limit of fifty, and was for that reason rejected. Failing in this pet desire, and mortified that he had resigned, he returned home and again took up the life occupation of farming, but remained a true jtatriot to the end. CAPTAIN GEORGE G. BLAKE of Swanton. was tte next captain of ('(iiupany K, and was elected September 2(ith, 1862, at Highgate. Vt.. 10 fill the vaiancy by reason of Captain Clark's election as major of the 13th Regiment. Blake at the time was third sergeant. He had had experience as third sergeant in the First Vermont for three months, and the boys liked him. Xo captain of the line was more efficient, careful and prompt and enjoyed the confidence of the officers, field, staff and line, than he, never sick, always on duty and with his regiment and company, until mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1S63. -A. very modett and quiet man, and would neither seek promotion nor permit others to work for him when vacancies in field offices occurred. He was attached to his com- pany and preferred to remain with them. His reports of the business aftairs of the company were models of neatness and accuracy and his watchful care over the company looking to its general welfare was vigilant, maintaining the best of disci))line always without offence to any. He freely mingled with the boys and considered all on the level, so long as they conducted themselves like good soldiers. There was nothing in his appearance and conduct while in the service, though well born and belonging to one of the first families in his native town, Swanton, that indicated in the slightest degree that he felt above associating with the most ignorant and lowly 1 orn man of bis 1 rninany. Was ever kind and indul.cent, and ready to grant favors to leave camp within the limit of the rules and discipline of the regiment, ^\^lile he was outside of the pale and restraints of civil life and polite society, no one ever heard fall from his lips profane and vulgar language or words of unwarranted reprimand. He never spoke in anger. In fact I never saw him aroused with anger but once, and that was in the forenoon of the third day of the battle of Gettysburg when one of his boys, a French- man, ran to the rear over the hill out of sight. He said with much feeling, "The miserable coward, see him run; he ought to be shot. Oh; if one of those shells would hit him it would help him along a little faster and it would not be much loss either." It was reckless indeed, as well as cowardly to run in that direction then, for shot and shell were plowing the ground up where M. ran, but he, as often is the case with such, was not harmed. Will say more of him further on. Captain Blake was third sergeant in an independent company called the Green Mountain Guards located at Swanton when the news of firing at Fort Sumter aroused the nation as never before, at the opening of the Rebellion, and this company after- Bioyraphicid and Historical of Company K. 697 wards called Company A. First Vermont Regiment, was the first company In the state to he inscribed upon the rolls ot honor in response to President Lincoln's first call for volunteers to suppress the Rebellion. These facts are authenticated by Warren Gibbs, Esq.. in his article on the Military History of Franklin County as published in volume eleven, Hjistorical Gazetteer, and also appears in Vermont in the Civil War by G. G. Benedict, volume one, chapter 4. Captain Blake, then sergeant, was with the platoon of Company A when the First Vermont Regiment made a reconnoissance to the village of Hampden, Va., May 22nd, 1S61. The bridge on approaching it had been fired by the Confederate troops, a platoon was selected by Colonel Phelps which was led by Captain Clark and dashed forward on the double quick, reached the center of the bridge, tore up the planks that held up the tarred wood and dumped them fire and all into the river helow, then put other planks across the space and the regiment crossed over, captured a cannon, located so as to rake the bridge and also captured the major and other officers and men in charge. Sergeant Blake, afterwards captain o£ Company K, was with the platoon that made this charge and helped pull up the planks, put out the fire and capture the cannon on this occasion. On the 27th of May the regiment went to Newport News, Va., and made the first permanent occupation ot the sacred soil of Virginia, as was said at the time by the New York Tribune, and here with spade and pick Sergeant Blake, in charge of a platoon of Company A was thrown up the first bastian and rampart on Virginia soil, and Company .A completed their task in their front first, and in this bulwark was located a number of cannon, and Sergeant Blake was detailed and placed in charge of these guns while the regiment remained at New-port News. Further mention is made of Captain Blake in this history in a biographical sketch on page . See roster. FIRST LIEUTENANT STEPHEN F. BROWN First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K, was in many respects quite a precocious boy and young man, a brilliant scholar, applying himself at all times with zeal and determination when at school, and every leisure moment w'hile at home on the farm, to acquire knowledge. He was a teacher at the age of sixteen years in a district school of his native town. In the fall of 1S60 the writer first met him as a student at Bakersfield Academy. He was then eighteen, past, but looked and ap- peared much older. Was here preparing for college and ten to fifteen hours each day did he toil with Greek and Latin and other text books to reach the goal of his ambition. His father and mother were devoted Christians and prominent and leading members of the Methodist Church at Swanton, and therefore. Lieutenant Brown in early life was surrounded by exceptional advantages for acquisition of knowledge, moral and technical. He was born and raised as a genuin^ patriot, confirmed in the belief that there was no country or land like his. Only a mere circumstance prevented him from volunteering into Company A, First Vermont Regiment under the first call made hy President Lincoln for troops. He was anxious to go, and so was his father, but only one could be spared very well from the farm. His father was forty-four years of age, and his son. afterwards Lieutenant Brown, nineteen, and both were anxious to join the Green Mountain Guards and go to the front, but finally agreed that one should go and the other remain to carry on the farm. The father, in order to amicably settle the question, as to which should go, proposed the old arbitrary custom of drawing cuts, and the one who drew the longest to remain at home and the shortest to go. The wife and mother like a true Spartan, said, (with an aching heart for she would not decide between husband and son), "now, the one that draws long to remain; and the one short to go." The mother prepared the sticks and held them firmly grasped and securely guarded so neither could detect one from the other, and the father drew first and won, and volunteered, and the son though sadly disappointed, cheerfully acquiesced in the result and manfully managed the farm until his father returned. Within thirty days after his father's return home he enrolled under recruiting officer George P. Conger, of St. Albans, expecting then to serve in the First Regi- ment, Vermont Cavalry, but on account of an injury to the back in early life, was advised by the family physician that he was disqualified for service as a cavalryman, and therefore was not mustered in with this regiment. The next year in August. 1862. Lieutenant Brown realizing the urgency for troops, and not satisfied to defer longer his cherished desire, and becoming seriously impressed with duty to country, again volunteered, and this time to go into the infantry branch of the service. He with Captain Blake was given authority by the selectmen of their town to raise recruits to fill the quota of the town under the call of August 4th for 300,000 volunteers. Brown and Blake volunteered at a public meeting, and was then and there supplied with recruiting papers and at once started out to 6()8 Tlic Tliiili\'iilli l\c- pointed and placed in command of the Second Vermont Brigade, was ambitious to have his brigade in good condition, and the Thirteenth was daily engaged in battalion and brigade drill beside picket duty. The weather was cold and the low. flat lands were soft and muddy, and the locality was anything but healthy. Many were sick with entric diseases and malarial fevers, colds and other diseases incident to army life in this part of Virginia at this season of the year. At no time thus far were so many of Comi)any K on the sick list as at Fairfax Court Hovise, in the latter part of December. The duties here were exacting and hard, for officers and privates alike. Lieutenant Marsh for ten days before giving up was really uufit for duty, but remained with his company doing his part just the same. Our regiment was sent out to Centreville some six or eight miles away on four days of picket duty on the front line, without tents on the 20th of December, and when Lieutenant Marsh returned was urged by captain I51ake to go to the Court House into the hospital for a few days, but he said no. that he was all right, but the daily drills of the Regiment and Brigade, and the all night in the trenches on the 28th of December, when General J. E. B. Stuart made his raid and attack on the court Hcuse. was tec much for the sick man. and he was taken to the hospital from camp on the last day of December, and there remained until the day the regiment left for Wolf Run Shoals .January 20th. 1863. The writer was left behind with others in charge of tents and baggage, to wait for transportation. Two from each company were left as guards, from Company K. Corp. M. V, Hicks and myself. Lieutenant Marsh learned of the removal of our regiment to Wolf Run Shoals, and being now convalescent was anxious to join his company and regiment, and also having ascertained that a guard from his company were still at the old camp in charge of baggage, waiting for transportation, came down there and found Com- rade Hicks and myself still waiting, but expecting the mule teams any hour to take the remainder of the regimental baggage to our new camp some twelve miles south to the upper Occoquan River. Lieutenant Marsh remained -with us a number of days for the teams to come, expecting an ambulance would also come, there being no other way for Lieutenant Marsh to reach camp without marching. He had seen enough of the hospital, he said, and if he couldn't ride he would march to camp. The weather had been bad, and much rain for several days, the roads were awfully muddy, small streams overflowing their banks. The teams finally arrived, the balance of the baggage was soon loaded and on the way to Wolf Run Shoals, by way of Fairfax Station, there being no chance to ride. Lieutenant Marsh, regardless of rain, mud and high water, started with Hicks and myself and others of the guard, to make the march. We were soldiers and must join the regiment as soon as possible. We had been waiting here five days, rations were growing scarce. We had plenty of salt pork and beef and coffee left behind, but this we had already eaten too much of. After baking a hoe cake in the coals between our tin plates, boiled some rice and made coffee, loaded up the wapons. ))acked knapsacks, were ready to leave for our new camp. This was a hard march through Virginia mud and water for ten miles and more, it was too much for Lieutenant Marsh, who had only just recovered, but he was anxious and determined to go and said he was all right and could stand a short march like that as well as ever. We reached Fairfax Station some four or five miles, all right. Here an officer of the quartermaster's department came along riding one horse and leading another, and the author informed the officer of the extremely exhausted condition of Lieutenant Marsh and asked that he be given a chance to ride to camp, for he had just recovered and left the hospital, and was very anxious to join the regi- ment at Camp Wolf Run Shoals. He was tired and could not march further with safety. Had this officer responded to this appeal to allow Lieutenant Marsh a ride to camp five miles away he would not have had a relapse, and an attack of cerebro spinal menin- gitis that carried him so near the shadow of death where for weeks he lingered on the brink of Eternity, the spark of life by gentle hands and careful nursing continued until restored: a ride to camp on this occasion would have averted this long sickness and retained in the service one of the best and most devoted officers of the 13th Regi- ment. Lieutenant Marsh was obliged to stop and rest a number of times, and his appearance was alarming, and T feared he would not be able to reach Biographical and Hisforical of Company K. 701 cami). but by slow marching and resting often, we did reacli camp, though well jaded and used up. Lieutenant Marsh, especially, was completely tired out, the journey was too much for him. We got him into a tent as soon as possible and made him as comfortable as surroundings would permit for the night, but he could not sleep or rest, and in the morning had a raging fever, and was suffering with intense pain in the head and back. He remained in the tent that day and night, and late in the afternoon of the 27th we took him to the Regimental hospitaf where he could have a better place and better care. The regimental surgeon. Dr. Nichols, said he was suffering with a relapse, and was a very sick man, and was apprehensive about his recovery, and called the case now cerebro spinal meningitis. He was regarded in a critical condition. Lieutenant Marsh's father was imme- diately notified, and the father and mother arrived in camp as soon as conveyance could bring them, reaching camp on the evening of February 5th. My diary of Feb- ruary 6th records the fact that I labored all day in fixing up a tent for the accommo- dation of Lieutenant Marsh's father and mother, but under the advice of Surgeon Nichols, Mr. Marsh found a suitable place about a mile from camp where his son was taken and nursed until able to return with his parents to Vermont. (A sketch of this rebel nurse that likely saved Lieutenant Marsh's life, and how he found her in Virginia 30 years after the war will appear over Lieutenant Marsh's signature on another page in this book, so I refrain from further comment now about this esteemed lady.) Lieutenant Marsh was told that if he ever fully recovered it would be a long time before able to do any kind of work. He resigned on February 17th and when he had sufficiently recovered was taken home by his parents to Vermont. I remember very well the day he left home. I took him by the hand and said good-by, feeling I should never see him again. All who knew him, especially Company K hoys, were sorry to part with him. His company comrades loved and respected him, his genial disposition and kind and generous hearted ways had endeared every one of his company, and they were his strong and abiding friends. I can never forget, nor would f. his words of regret, disappointment, and his sorrowful good-by the day be parted with the regiment and started for home. He returned to his old home, re- covered his health in the course of two or three years, and soon became a leader among his townsmen. He married soon after the war a beautiful and estimable young lady. Miss Delia Pelton ot Highgate, whom he saw for the first time when we were soldiers at Highgate in September, 1S62, and if love at first sight it was excusable. The old home farm which he still owns, he carried on for a number of years with marked ability and success. In the course of a few years he bought a large interest in the Kendall Spavin Cure business, then located at Enosburg Falls, furnished the necessary capital and push, and soon it was a growing and prosperous business. The concern was reor- ganized and Olin Merrill and Moses P. Perley became partners with Marsh and for many years past it has been one of the most flourishing and money making enter- prises in Vermont. It seems quite proper for me to here say that Olin Merrill married the only dau.ghter of our beloved adjutant, Orloff Whitney of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment, and of Company K. Mr. Merrill is an honorary member of our Regimental Associa- tion, and takes a lively interest in the record made by the soldiers of his native state, and especially of this regiment that won fame and imperishable honor on the battlefield of Gettysburg, also because Mrs. Merrill's father, Orloff Whitney, was adjutant of the regiment and Captain of Company H of the Thirteenth Regiment. Lieutenant Marsh has been honored in civil life at home and in the county and the State. When he was elected president of the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association, he said, "that he prized that compliment as more honorable and dis- tinguished, of which he was prouder than any other that had been conferred on him in life, or could be." Those of us who have been quite intimate with him since and before the organization of our Regimental Association, have many reasons for the high regard and esteem that we have for him. None save his more intimate friends know of his deeds of philanthropy for many years past. He has been financially successful, and has widely and liberally dispensed much in a quite unostentatious manner. The friendships formed in youth and early manhood, which include many of Company K, are abiding as the ever green hills that surround the home and hamlet where he was born. Lieutenant Marsh now lives in Enosburg Falls, a beautiful and thriving village on the banks of the Missisquoi, nestled among the hills of Enosburg, county of Franklin, in a beautiful home sur- rounded by wife, children and grandchildren, and everything to make one happy and contented. He still looks young, though born in 1S43, and is as active in business and interested in affairs of life, social, political and philanthropic, as ever. His comrades wish him a green old age, and that he will be the last survivor of the surviv- ors of Company K, convinced that he will see that his old comrades will be tenderly and sorrowfully and suitably buried and some record left that future genera- "O- I'lic Thirteenth Reijinicnt Vermont J'oluntecrs tioiis may read and admire. His iiictures, one as a youiiK officer of Company K, and others of recent date and a liioRraphlcal sketch, found on other pages of this l)ook. See Roster. Lieutenant Carnii l.alluop Marsh was born in the town of Franklin. Vermont, in 1843. The only son of a i)rosperous farmer on tlie eastern shores of Franklin Pond (now called Silver Lake). Educated in the common schools of his native town; by occupation a lainnr. and (or many ycais after tlie war carried on ttie old farm. SERGEANT SIDNEY S. MOREY was made first sergeant at the or.ganization of Comjiany K. He was born in Highgale, Vt., in 1S40, and went to Swanton as a young man ami engaged as a clerk in a store, which was his occupation when he enrolled as a volunteer under President Lincoln's call in August, 1S62, for :'■()(), 000 nine months' men. He was popular among all classes, and had the confidence of his employers, whom he served with fidelity and honesty. He was at the time of his enlistment, August, 1S(>2, 22 years of age. My fii'st acquaintance was after he had signed the roll, and 1 think only a few days before we all met at Highgate, September nth to organize a company. At this time he was young, vigorous, active, enthusiastic, and on hand for any duty, and (better than all) upright and reliable. His whole appearance indicated patriotic de- votion and suflRcifnt courage for the strenuous life of a soldier. As first sergeant he was brought necessarily in close relation with each member of the company, and to get along smoothly with a hundred (a number in each company) of young Ver- monters with peculiarities and notions of their own, and not used to military life and discipline was no easy task, but he maragfd the details for guard and picket duty and the many things to be done each day with such care and skill as to offend none. The i)rompt and courteous manner with which he discharged every duty gained for him early in the service the commendation of his superior officers and the respect of all with whom he mingled. There was no better looking, no more tidy appearing, nor taithful and active among the whole list of orderlly sergeants in the Thirteenth Regiment than Sergeant Morey of Company K, and his company was exceedingly proud of him. He might, and should have had a commission when he entered the service, but this he did not even try to secure. Evidently he had no thought of office when he volunteered. Meritorious service and his admirable qualities pointed him out as proper material for office, and in due season was commissioned Secnod Lieutenant and assigned to duty in Company E. He was ever prompt and on time at company roll call, and his clear cut voice rang out in camp first and often was well down the list callin.g the roll, before any other voice could be heard. Not one of Company K could ever forget the quick time made as he called the roll, alphabetically arranged. It rings in my ears now, and I can see just where he stood morning and evening, and other times when calling the roll. He called it from memory, as I have been much amused since the war to hear hini repeat the old roll call, as when in the service in the old days. We were often awakened from our morning dreams of home and loved ones by the shrill voice of Sergeant Morey, and thus it was, "Fall in Company K; hurry up there boys. Company K fall in, get into line there quick, right dress, attention. Sergeants Halloway, Manzer. Smith, Jennison ; Corporals Chadwick. Hicks. Sisco, Bullard. Smith. Corey. Olmstead: Musicians Brotigh. Labounty. Wagoner Searl; Pri- vates Harney. Pest. Bovin. Brown. Bronton. Burnell, Charles Burnell. Homer. Burns, Burgess. Barr. Butler, Butterfield. Chamberlain, Chappel, Clark, Martin Clark, Welling- ton, Comstock, Currie." and down through the list he went as fast as he could speak the names. He had every name on the end of his tongue and off they fell in rapid succession to the end, and before the last name was fully pronounced would come the command, "break ranks, march," and in a jiffy every one was back in his tent, spitting fire because called out in the rain and wind before day light, simply to answer when called. It was fun to see the boys tumble out of their tents to get into line before their names were reached, many half drssed, trousers in hand, caii on, bare foot, shoes in hand, on the jump and run to be in season to answer to their names and avoid being reported as absent. Sergeant Morey commenced to call the roll as soon as the first man on the list was in line, and would not wait, for it was imperative duty to fall in at once as the order (fall In Company K) was given. The line was formed down the company street on either side of which were the two rows of tents occupied by Company K. 1 was well down the alphabet, and near the end of the list, so had more time than most of them to get into line, and often saw the antics of the boys as they came out of their tents into position. Some would stick their heads out of the tent and answer to their names and some would ask his tentmate to imitate his voice and answer to his name if it was dark, and so on every name was answered to, whether present or not. and the sergeant did not always notice the fact if now and then one was absent. All were reported present and accounted for when the ser.geant ap- peared at headquarters to make his report. He was indulgent, and accommodating, and did his best to please, when within bounds of rules and reasonable discipline. Biof/rapliical and Historical of Coiiipanv K. 703 Morey was a good officer and a brave soldier. ] saw fiiiii in the l)attle of Gettys- burg and can not be mistaken. He was near General Hancock when he was shot out on the front line in the afternoon of the last day, and came running to Company K for a tourniquet (knowing that Clark H. Butterfleld had one), to be applied on the General's leg to stop the flow of blood. Lieutenant Morey has always claimed that he was one of those who assisted General Hancock down from his horse to the ground, and of this fact there is no doubt. The atithor was present and saw the incident. The writer knows that Lieu- tenant Morey came to Company K, and returned to the place where General Hancock was lying on the ground with Butterfield's tourniquet, and so says Butterfield in his sketch. Quite a number hastened to the General's assistance. Lieutenant Morey returned with his regiment, was mustered out July 21st, 1863, and resumed his occu- pation in Swanton and continued business until 1886, when he sold out and went to Kansas City. Mo., where with his family, wife and only child, a son, Raymond Morey, and his wife and child. Dorothy now reside. For some years past he had held a responsible position in connection with the water works of the city. He had always lived in Vermont and most of the time in Swanton. His married life and business career was a ]iart of the history of the town of Swanton, and at the age of 46 he accepted the advice of Horace Greely and went West, leaving behind a large circle of admiring comrades and friends. He had a cousin by the name of George Y. Smith, a prosperous merchant in Kansas City, Mo., who had urged him to come West, and held out very flattering inducements if he would come to Kansas City, and because of these assurances from one in whom he had implicit confidence, sold out his business in Swanton and on the morning of April 21st, 1886 started for the great West. He left behind his numerous friends who grieved over the separation, and many there are yet in old Swanton that like to think of him and his family, and are not yet reconciled to the parting. I am quite sure it Comrade Morey could have seen what was before him. and realized the lonely hours because of distant separation from dear friends and comrades, he would still be in Swanton. The writer of this article felt the loss of parting more than any other, for I was with him in the service and an intimate associate in civil life for many years since, and had become like brothers, knowing each others joys and sorrows and castle buildings of the future. Morning and evening we talked over again and again the old days when soldiers, current events, local and general, and plans for the goal we hoped some time to reach. (How idle, like the will-of-the-wisp ever seen but never reached). He was my dearest friend, and no one can ever realize how much I have missed him. I do not look for one to take his place, nor would it now be possible. We are now both standing on the brink of life's swiftly passing stream, expecting to be summoned any day to join our comrades and friends on the other side. There will appear on other pages of this book pictures and a biographical sketch of Com- rade Morey. See page 242 of this book. SEEGEANT JAMES HALLOWAY volunteered from the town of Highgate in August, 1862, and was made second ser- geant at the organization of Company K. He was at this time a good looking, gentle- manly appearing young man, six feet tall, well proportioned, dignified and reserved. His age was 27 years, occupation a farmer. Was born February 24, 183.5: died September 1, 1897; buried in South Main Street cemetery, St. Albans City, Vt. Married Jennie A. Pierce, January 1.5, 1S71. He was a fine specimen of the typical volunteer from Vermont at this important period. To see him gave ready answer why some of the boys voted for him for captain at the election of company officers. He was a modest and conscientious man, strictly honest and would not allow his name to be used for any position that he did not feel himself qualified to fill. Had never had any military drill or experience. He was a raw recruit and because of these facts reluctantly ac- cepted, after considerable urging, the position of sergeant. He was well thought of by neighbors and acquaintances and stood well in the community where he lived. He had the reputation of standing courageously by his convictions, and the con- stituent elements, prominent in his character made him just the kind of material essential for the life of a soldier. Army life made no changes in his character, and he maintained throughout the service the same dignified, modest and retiring dis- position that was manifest when we first saw him at the company organization Sep- tember 11th, 1862. Every duty was promptly and fully done, courteous alike to oflicers and privates. His clothing was clean and in order, gun and straps, buttons and buckles glistened as new, and when he appeared for duty his tidy appearance was the envy of many a slovenly fellow who wondered how he could keep so neat and trim living in aj cotton tent and sleeping on the ground. His example taught his tentmates and the rest of company K a timely and valuable lesson. "04 J lie Tliirtccntit Rcyiiiiciil I eriiiunt I 'oluiilccrs When Orderly Morey was promoted to second lieutenant, Sergeant Halloway took his place as first sergeant, though by neglect no mention was ever made of his being promoted and conmiissioned to first sergeant, and therefore was discharged as second sergeant. He performed the quite arduous and exacting duties of this position with entire satisfaction of all until the regiment was mustered out. At Gettysburg on the charge against General Pickett's forces, he was wounded. A piece of a shell hit him on the shin causing blood to flow quite freely, the wound looked quite serious, and he appeared to suffer intense pain. This occurred just after the charge had ended and after the Rebels had come inside our lines. I noticed him limping a little and inquired of him the cause, he replied something hit my shin a lew minutes ago. but I am all right. I advised him he had better see what the trouble was, and we made a hasty inspection, and concluded that he was fortunate it was no worse. It was so l)ad that he went to the rear with Companies G and I. who had charge of prisoners captured to have his wound attended to and dressed by the surgeon, and very soon was back again in his place, though now quite lame and white in the face, but not because of fear, for he was as brave and impetous in battle as modest and calm on dress parade. After being mustered out July 21st, 1863 he returned to his home in Highgate, engaged as foreman for Waite and Jennison in the manufacture of turpentine from pitch pine stumps that were found in the stump fences in Swanton and Highgate. He continued in the eniiiloy of Waite and Jennison about two years, and then com- menced work in a foundry at Highgate, and soon after went to St. Albans, about 1867, and engaged for the St. .Albans Foundry Co., and with them he remained for many years until 1SS6, when he was appointed Deputy Collector and Inspector of Customs and located at St. Albans, which position he held until compelled to resign on account of failing health. He met with an accident, breaking some of the bones of his shoulder, which he said was the cause of the disease of the lungs from which he died September 1st. 1897. He married Jennie A. Pierce, a daughter of Hiram Pierce, the old hotel proprietor of the American House, St. Albans, w'ho with two daughters, Catherine M. and Emma survive and reside at this day, January, 1906, at St. Albans City. Vt. Comrade Halloway held many offices of trust and responsibility. He was a prominent Mason and a more zealous one or one who illustrated the principles of the Order more faithfully and conscientiously in his daily life it would be hard to find. A biographical sketch and a picture of Comrade Halloway will be found on pages referred to in Roster. See page 404. SERGEANT MERRITT MANZER volunteered from the town of Albuig al>out .\ugunt 2.jth, 1S62, though in fact he was born and brought up in Swanton which was his home, but he had a right to enlist fn and count on the quota of Alburg. He was present and participated in the organi- zation of Company K September 11th. 1S62, and was at this time connected with a hotel at Alburg Springs, then and since quite a famous resort on account of the medicinal jjroperties of its healing waters. He called himself an inn keeper. His age was 23 years, five feet and nine inches tall, well proportioned, black eyes and hair, good looking, strong and sturdy, just the kind for soldier life in the army. When Third Sergeant George G. Blake was elected captain on September 26th, young Manzer was promoted to fill the vacancy. The boys all seemed pleased with his ajiijointment and cheerfully endorsed and recognized the jiropriety of it. His every duty was faithfully performed from first to last. No one ever heard him say what he would do if he ever had a chance to fight; was no brag, he had an even and cheerful disposition, and was very considerate with the boys when sergeant of the guard in camp or on picket line, and never showed undue authority or acted in any way, but what he considered himself only an equal of the privates in the company. He made an admirable sergeant and attracted attention because of his fine appear- ance. His conduct in camp, and on the march, and in battle was kind, heroic and brave. He returned with the regiment to Vermont, and was mustered out at Brat- tlehore July 21st. 1863. Very soon he again took up the occupation of inn keeper, and for a number of years was proprietor of the Merritt House, Alburg Springs. About the year 18.. he started West and finally settled in St. Joseph, Mo., where he managed the Huxly House, a large hotel, for twelve years, when he was suddenly summoned to join friends and comrades in the great beyond. He never married. The date of his death was April 7>. 18... He was buried among strangers, not a rela- tive or dear friend present to lovingly care for his remains. It is said a mod«(st headstone marks the place where buried, and on it this inscription, "Merritt Manzer, born in Swanton, \'t.. 1839. Died at St. Joseph. Mo.. April 1,'), 18... A patriot and soldier, sergeant of Company K, Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers in the war of 1S61- 1865." Though he died far from his native state among comparative strangers, yet we are told once a year on Memorial Day loving hands scatter flowers and raise the Biographical and Historical of Companx K. 703 Stars and Stripes over his grave in memory of service freely offered, that his country might not perish. A picture and brief sketch of Sergeant Manzer will be found by reference to the roster and page 404 of this Ijook. ORLOFF H. WHITNEY volunteered August 25th. 1S62, and on the organization of Company K was made fifth sergeant, in which capacity he served only a few days, for on the organization of the Thirteenth Regiment, September 24th, was made adjutant, and therefore his career as a soldier with the regiment was as adjutant of the regiment and captain of Company H. On account of his many duties Company K boys saw him but a little, only in his official positions, and yet we always claimed him as one of our company. His age when enrolled in Company K was 23 years, five feet and nine inches high, occupation a farmer, and married, born in Franklin, Vt., in 1839. He was of a good family, well brought up. and had a good common school education. He was intelligent and prepcssessing. ambitious, and full of life and push, zealous in the discharge of duty, anxious for active service to test courage and accomplish deeds of valor that the goal might be reached as soon as possible. His appearance on dress parade commanded the admiration of the whole regiment, and his military bearing and fitness pointed him out quite early for promotion, and he was commissioned cajitain of Company H, January, 1863, which position he filled with ability and satisfaction, no officer of the line was more popular. His premature and untimely death fell like a pall over the whole regiment. He was prostrated with typhoid fever in camp Widow Violet on the Occoquan, Virginia, and removed to Alexandria, Va., and placed in a hospital where the next day in an unguarded moment on account of negligence of nurse, as his comrades believe, and while in a raging fever, without knowing what he did jumped through an open window into the street below, and died in a few hours after, June 4th. 1863. This sad event was a great loss to the regi- ment, as well as to country, home and society. A picture of Adjutant Whitney and a valuable sketch will be found by reference to roster and page 316 of this book. SERGEANT LEVI SMITH volunteered from Highgate August 25th, 1S62, this was his second enlistment, and on the organization of Company K was made fourth sergeant. He had seen service in Company A, First Vermont Regiment for three months, and for this and other good reasons was selected as one of the company sergeants. He was from the town of Highgate, 26 years old, a married man, born in Highgate, was a good citizen and well thought of by those who knew him. I recall with pleasure his kind and generous disposition and his pleasant and manly ways with the boys of the company. No one had occasion to say aught against him. He was a conscientious man and soldier, and at all times satisfactorily discharged every required duty. An excellent sketch of him by his friend. Comrade Meigs will be found on page .... See roster. SERGEANT SUMNER H. JENNISON of Swanton. was born in the town of Highgate, Vermont, March 6, 1843. His father later moved to Swanton and engaged in hotel business and in Swanton the son attended and had the advantages of both district schools and academy of Swanton. His occupation was hotel business when he enlisted. Was the son of Erastus Jenni- son. the proprietor of the Central House, the leading hotel then, and for many years at Swanton Falls. It was situated on the corner of Grand Avenue and First Street on the easterly side of the Public Mall, within a stone's throw of the old Academy and Congregational Church. Young Jennison was brought up in the hotel, surrounded by all the influences of a village hotel in a place like Swanton in those early days, good and bad. The father was quite severe and watched his boys with zealous care. The mother was kind and indulgent, and Sumner, the oldest, often took advantage of the difference of opinion held by father and mother as to bringing up boys, and now and then played the truant and was not very steady at school or church, though nearby. At the time of enlistment into Company K, August 26th, 1862, his age was 20, five feet six inches tall, stout, well built and evidently well fed. He had a jovial, rollicking way and was ready for a good time night or day. In the slang phrase of the day was a hail fellow well met. His hotel surroundings made him quite bold and forward and he knew many things that the boys from the farms had not as yet learned. He came from a good family, and could trace it back to Robert Jen- nison who came from England and settled in Watertown, Mass., in 1636. His grand- father coming to Vermont in 1S03. At the organization of Company K, young Jennison was dubbed first corporal, a position that he was qualified to fill, and when Orloff Whitney was promoted to 7o6 Till- Tliiitci-iilli Kcgintciit I 'criiinut I 'Dhiittrcis adjiitiint. t'orpoial .lennisoii was advanced to fifth sergeant, and was chcvroned with three hhie stripes on the sleeve instead of two, which pleased him Ijotter. He was full of fuu and frolic and kept his tentniates, Sth, 1862, and from the town of Higligate. At the organization of Company K, he was made second corporal because a good man for the i)lace, and also had had three months' experience in the First Vermont Regiment. His ways were never offensive, a quiet manner, and gentle disposition. He was a conscientious young man, had been brought up on a farm, sur- rounded by the best of home influences, was a zealous Christian, and sincerely believed that duty called him to enlist and battle for the preservation of the Union. He was a model soldier, never shrinking from any duty, striving always to do his best. He comnuuuled respect and was htid in bigh esteem by his comrades. His age at this time was 22, five feet, eight inches tall, light hair, eyes dark, occui)ation a farmer born in .loriclio. Vermont. A fine apiiearing soldier, always well dressed, neat and tidy. Took pride and pleasure in discharge o£ his official duties and was among the best in the manual of arms and company and regimental drill. He was always at his post of duty ready to res|iond at any lall His end was sad. vi-t glorious on the :ird and last day in the famous charge made by the Confederate General Pickett. After the battle had been won, and the victory was ours, and we were returning to a i)osition in the front line, a hostile shell hit him and burst causing almost instant death. Among all the bodies that I had seen on this gory field, his was the most horril)ly man.gled. On tlie follovving day we carefully gathered up his remains, moved them to the brow of a hill where we had dug a shallow grave and lovingly and ten- derly placed him in it and at the head we set a mark that the place might be found should occasion require it. In a short time Captain Blake after he had been mustered out returned to that great battlefield where many thousands had been buried, and guided by the mark we left, readily found the grave, opened it, and found the body, and brought it to Vermont, and be was buried in the Church strttt ctiuettiN ac :• • ■uiton raus, and a modest head stone now marks his last earthly resting place. This young life was freely offered a willing sacrifice upon his country's altar. He died in a great cause and not in vain. A brief sketch by the hand of another will be found on page See Roster. CORPORAL MARTIN V. HICKS -was enrolled August 21st. 1862. and was from the town of Swanton and joined Com- pany K at Highgate September 11th, 1862, the date of the election of company of- ficers. His age was 2.5, born in Swanton, Vt., and a married man, five feet six inches tall, sandy hair and complexion, eyes blue, ratlier slight in build, though active and vigorous. He was gentle and kind with a happy disposition. Evidently he had been well brought up. and his occupation was a farmer. He married a daughter of H. fieals, a prosperous farmer of the east part of Swanton. The firing on Sumter found Martin V. just settled down in this neighborhood with his chosen life partner, happy and looking forward to a blissful and honorable life. At the organization of Company K. Hicks was made a corporal. This position he filled with credit to himself and honor to the company. He was reduced to the ranks after he had served considerable time at his own request, while we were in camp at Fairfax Court House in January, 1863. Corporal Hicks made up his mind while in this camp that the honors of office were a burden, and that there were so many aspirants anxious for the few blue stripes upon the sleeve in Company K, that he said to Captain Blake, "Reduce me to the ranks and appoint to fill my place, I am willing to pass the honors around. " Thereafter Hicks was an honorable private, which position he enjoyed and filled all O. K. Hicks was taken sick at Camp Widow Violet with malarial fever, and went into the camp hospital, and subsequently was moved to Alexandria. Va., to a general hos])ital where he remained until the exiiiration of our term of service and joined us at l-)altinu)re on our way to Vermont. He was mustered out with the Regiment at Brattleboro, Vt.. July 21st, 1863. Since the war Comrade Hicks has resided in Franklin County, Vt., engaged in speculation and mercantile business. For the last twenty years or more has resided in Fairfax and has been engaged in the furniture and undertaking business. He has been a very active business man, and his efforts have been rewarded with rea- sonable success. He is well thought of by those who know him. His first wife died a good many years ago. and he is now living with his second wife, apparently happy and contented. When 1 meet him he delights to dwell on the incidents of army life, and the days of his early manhood. Corporal Hicks was for a time my tentmate, and hence I have spoken from know-ledge concerning him. He now looks and appears young and is still as active in business as ever, and if you doubt my judgment look on page 108 of this book where you will see him as he was and as he -is now, January. 1906. Biographical and Historical of Coinpaux K. jog CORPORAL EDGAR F. SISCO was of the Franklin clan, and on the organization of Company K was made fourth corporal. He had seen service as a private in Company A, First Vermont Volunteers, and I was told at the time that was the principal reason of selecting him for one of Company K's non-commissioned officers. My first acquaintance was when our com- pany elected its officers at Highgate September 11th, 1862. At this date his age was 27 years, five feet, seven inches high, dark hair and eyes, and slight in build. Born in Franklin, Vt., and educated in the old district schools of his native town. His occupation was a shoemaker, and was a married man. His disposition was fretty and morose, and evidently he was not satisfied with the distribution of offices made. He was better fitted for the shoemaker's bench with hammer, last and awl, than the arduous life of a soldier in time of war. He mingled but little with the company, save when on duty, was not contented, and like many others, longed tor home and the loved ones left behind. He was seriously affected with homesickness which was at times epidemic in our regiment. The marching, snow and rain, and Virginia mud and sleeping on the cold, wet ground in cotton tents, was too much for him. He was taken sick on January 4th, sent to the hospital at Brattleboro, Vt., and finally discharged .January 12th, 1863, for disability. He returned home, recovered his health, resumed his occupation, and after a few years moved West, where we are told he died quite a number of years ago. but when or where have not been able to obtain any definite knowledge. CORPORAL HARLAN P. BULLARD Fifth corporal of Company K, volunteered from the town of Swanton, August 25th, 1862, and at once became active and interested in the enrollment of relatives and friends and the preliminaries leading up to the election of officers and organization of Company K on September 11th, 1S62. He was at this date 2a years of age and married, five feet nine inchs high, light hair and complexion, blue eyes and a fine looking and a well appearing young man. He had been educated in the common schools and the Swanton Falls academ.v of his native town, was well bred, belonged to one of the first families in town, and as a young man stood high in the estimation of all among whom he had lived. His life was an open book, and there was not to be found on a single page one word against his character. He was a son of George and Achsah Bullard and his grandfather, Daniel Bullard, came from Barre, Mass., and settled in Swanton on the west road in 1800. The Bullard family for many years were among the leading and influential citizens of the town. Corporal Bullard was of a nervous temperament, active and enthusiastic. His accomplishments were varied, which made him very useful in his new life as a soldier. A good musician, and a) fine singer. The captain's tent was headquarters for many an evening concert with Corporal Bullard as leader. The popular army songs of the day, patriotic and sentimental rang out over the camp to the delight and pleasure of the boys of Company K and many others, that were attracted by sentiment and soul-stirring strains of music. Captain Blake, Lieutenant Brown, Corporal Bullard all had fine voices, and the parts each sang harmonized and blended in delightful melody: the best trio in the regiment. In my ears still ring the songs they sang, though 45 years have passed, nor can, or would I forget the memories of home and loved ones awakened as we stood around and listened to the words and music sang. Corporal Bullard devoted a part of his spare time as Captain Blake's clerk, and did much of the necessary writing of the company, daily reports, muster rolls, quarterly returns, ordinance stores, etc., etc., in addition to his regular duties. He was detailed by Colonel Randall as regimental bugler, which position he filled with credit until mustered out. This position was one of responsibility, especially on regimental and brigade drills, on the march and in battle, must always be near the Colonel to receive orders and repeat them on the bugle. Corporal Bullard was a true and faithful soldier, and as brave as any. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863, and returned to his home, and for a while followed the occupation of a farmer. He soon, however, after the war moved to Essex Junction and went into the manufacturing and mercantile business. Subsequently on account of his father's age returned to the old home, and there remained until his father and mother were laid to rest. He remained on the old farm a few years more, and then, believing it would be better for himself and family, some fifteen years ago moved to Buffalo, N. Y., and engaged in the manufacture and sale of mattresses and spring beds in which he has been quite successful. He married Hattie Jennison, sister of Henry G. Jennison, of Company K. Cor- poral Bullard and wife are surrounded by a beautiful and most delightful family of children, one son and five girls. Will, Mabel, Fanny, Sadie, Bessie and Katie, and also grandchildren, more or less. He is at this date. January. 1906, still in business at Buffalo. If you would like to see Corporal Bullard as he was when a soldier, and "lo llic 'rUirlcciitli h'i- of this book. Consult rosier. You will, 1 thiuk, bo convinced that Company K. though at the foot of the alphabet in line and rank, was at the bead in many things. The writer spint many days in caiup with Corporal liuUard in the games of ohess and checkers. 1 thought myself pretty good, but was no match for him. There were many, who like myself, thought they were skillful at the game of drafts, hut could not stand before Corporal Hullard's single corner opening game. The corporal was easily the champion at chess and stood at the head of the list in checkers when we broke camp and started for Gettysburg. Since the writing of this sketch Comrade lUillard lias passed on to his reward. His old comrades sincerely regret his death and deplore the loss and deeply symi>atliize with the widow and fatherless in their bereave- ment. He was a good and noble man and a brave and loyal soldier. He died in 1906, and is buried in Huffalo, X Y. CORPORAL HIRAM S. SMITH was made sixth corporal when Company K was organized. He had seen three months' service in Company A, First Vermont Volunteers, having volunteered in April, 1861, under the first call for soldiers. His enrollment into Company K, Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers, was August 25th, 1862, his age at this time was 28 years, five feet, nine inches hii;h. Ijlue eyes and dark hair and complexion. Birthplace. Highgate and a single man. He was a lean, wiry, active person, and would not weigh over 135 pounds, vigorous and healthy, of sturdy stock, a genuine Y'ankee horny handed farmer boy. Was full of fun and mischief all the time, but a good soldier and attended to duty. He feared no one, yet was respectful to his superior officers and kind and cordial to his associate comrades. He was on hand for any kind of a scrap day or night, in or out of camp. The restraints of civil life and moral codes in government were thrown aside as soon as he left his native state. He was alert, and on the lookout for something to turn up. that might command his attention. The bend of his mind was to play some kind of a trick (and he was not particular what) on any one at) every opportunity. Not to be mean, but for the fun of it. His brain was fertile soil for the growth of plans to acquire whatever the caprice of thought might give him. That kind of i)ilfering that was winked at and tolerated when on the picket line among the so called Unionists, which was a misnomer. He was a successful forager, and in his tent could be found edibles, not on the regtilar list. If he wanted anything, and it was within ten miles of camp, he would ferret it out and appropriate what he wanted, justifying his conduct by saying they were rebels and he was working for the Vnited States Government and had a right to api)ro])riate a little milk and honey, bacon and meal, sweet potatoes, butter, ham and eggs, etc., chickens had to roost high to avoid his outstretched hand. It was rumored on several occasions that the regimental sutler had lost cheese, butter and canned goods, etc., but no one outside of Company K susjjected Corporal Smith, and no one cared much if the sutler did lose, for he charged the boys enormous prices for what he sold. As an expert and successful forager. Corporal Smith had no equal in the regiment, and Coni])any K was at the head of the list in this, as the boys called it. innocent and permissive diversion. Though 1 have drawn you a true picture of army life, only now and then one took part in such amusements. But this is not all. for there is another side of this soldier's army life in all those qualities essential in a soldier, especially in times of danger and battle. Corporal Smith excelled. His attention to duty and determination to do everything that was really required on the march and in battle illustrated his real purpose of volunteering. The sound of the long roll found him up and ready, active and zealous, and promptly in his position. It can lie said of him land my comrades of Company K know as well as 11 that none ex- hibited better and more valiant conduct on the long and weary march from Virginia to Gettysburg, and on that bloody field than Corporal Smith. He was mustered out with the regiment .luly 21st. 1863, and returned home and resumed the occupation of a farmer. He married soon after his return from the army and continued in the occupation of farming until his death. December 2. 1900. He left a widow and two children, who still survive him. He died respected by all who knew him. His family sincerely mourn his loss. In Riverside cemetery at Swanton village stands a modest headstone that marks his grave. A brief sketch and picture of him will be found on page .... of this book. See roster. CORPORAL MELVIN B. COREY was from Grand Isle, in the cotinty of Grand Isle. He was the only drafted man that served in Company K. and so far as I know, in the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment. At the time of his enrollment and his assignment to Comi)any K. he was 32 years old. and a married man. Born in the state of New York and there was educated, but as a young man moved to Grand Isle County and counted on the town of Grand Isle. On the organization of Company K was made seventh corporal, and held the position Biographical and Historical of Coiiipanx K. 711 during our term of service. He was on detached duty in ttie Provost Marshal's de- partment a considerable of the time, but returned to the regiment the first of June and remained with it through the Gettysburg campaign and battle, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Was born in the state of New Yorli in 1830, and by occupation a farmer: was a man of more than ordinary ability and of good character. Was in every respect a good and faithful soldier. He said to the writer that he could have had a substitute, and his wife and her people were anxious to have him procure a substitute, and offered to furnish the money, but he would not consent. He said he was drafted and the Government needed men and a dratted man could do as good service as any. He said to me after Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, "What think you now about a drafted soldier?" I replied. "In your case there is no difference." He was a man of a few words, made the best of the situation and cheerfully submitted to the work at hand. No brag or bluster in his make-up, and evidently believed that deeds and faithfulness spoke far better the worth and value of the soldier. He was drafted in August, and assigned to duty in Company K September llth, 1862, and therefore, the time for which he was drafted, nine months, had expired before the battle of Gettysburg, and yet he said on the march to Gettysburg that he "would not now leave it given permission, for I am convinced we shall all be needed before this campaign is over." He seemed anxious to satisfy the boys that his devotion and sense of duty was as loyal, keen and abiding as any, though a drafted man. There is no doubt but what Corporal Corey felt just a little mortified, because the only drafted man in his company, but he should not have had such a feeling, for he could not be charged with being a hired substitute or in any manner influenced by offers of bounty. He returned home to Grand Isle, resumed the occupation of farming where he lived tor many years, and was honored by his townsmen until his death June 14th, 1901. Corporal Corey's son, W. E. Corey, of Los Angeles, Cal., writes me that his father was one of those "dauntless pioneers that crossed the plains to California in the great gold excitement of 1S49 and remained five years." He was among the first over the Rockies to the golden state. His wife, Caroline Corbett Corey, died March 24th, 1901, and both are buried in the country cemetery at Grand Isle, Vt., where they lived and died. He left four children, one son and three daughters, William E. Corey, in Los Angeles, California; Leona Corey Parks. Grand Isle. Vt.; Flora Corey Stanton, Lake Placid, N. Y.; and Marion Corey, Burlington, Vt. CORPORAL WILLIAM P. OLMSTEAD volunteered from the town of Franklin and from that part where his friend Lieu- tenant Marsh lived, so was of the same clan and likely this accounts for his being offlcialy recognized and honored with the position of eighth corporal. My first in- troduction and acquaintance with him was at Highgate. September llth, when Com- pany K elected officers. At this time he was a beardless, fresh looking chap, just approaching into manhood, well and tidily dressed and rather of a spruce looking farmer (such was his occupation). He was of a good family and the reputation he brought with him was evidence that he had been carefully brought up. His age was eighteen years, and was five feet, eight inches high. He was a well proportioned and well built young fellow, light hair and complexion, dark brown eyes and was good looking and quite prepossessing. He did not strike me as being the son of a horny handed farmer, but such I was told was the fact. Like most boys of that important age, 18. took pride in being nicely dressed on all occasions. His general appearance hardly warranted the exposure and deprivation incident to army lite. He however endured the new life fairly well during the fall and winter, until we arrived at Wolf Run Shoals about January 21st, 1S63. The unusual winter of Virginia, the long marches from Camp Vermont to Union Mills in mud, rain and snow, camping without tents, back again to Camp Vermont in a snow storm and in a few days to Fairfax Court House, picket duty out to Centreville beyond Chantilla and along Bull Run and brigade drill here most every day and then to Wolf Run Shoals where we experienced in February and March the worst possible weather conditions for camiiing and picket duty. All this was too much for Comrade Olmstead's constitution, and not having the best of accommodations in our regimental hospital, and also being crowded in February and March he was sent the last of March to a general hospital at Alexandria. About the first of June he requested Captain Blake to reduce him to the ranks, which of course was done. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to his home and again took up for a brief season the life on a farm. It was not just what he wanted to do, and he went to St. Albans as a merchant's clerk, and filled this ])Osition very acceptably, and in course of a few years engaged in the mercantile business in St. Albans for quite a number of years, finally sold out and went West and settled in Anthony, Kansas, where he is supposed to be at this date, January, 1906. But little has been heard from Comrade Olmstead since he left Vermont, and hence his success in life or misfortunes I am not able to state. As historian I wrote him, "12 'The Tliirtcriitli Regiment I'cntioiit I 'oliiiilccrs 1)111 iipver rt'ceivcd any ri'iily. Ho married a very estinial)le lady from his native town, file daughter of Judge John K. Whitney, sister of Adjutant Whitney of the Thirteenth Regiment. I regret very much not having heard from Corporal Olmstead, and therefore being deprived ni furuisliiiiK inloi mat inn lonieining his life in the great West. EDWARD L. HIBBARD was born in Canada, in 1832, but his parents moved early to Franklin, where he was educated and at the date of enlistment was engaged in mercantile business and a married man. Edward L. Hibbard, of Franklin, and Cornelius T. Frink. of Highgate, for some good reason 1 suppose, were appointed ninth and tenth corporals on the organization of Company K. The appointments were first class, and were appreciated, but when we were mustered into the United States service at Hrattleboro. October 10th. were informed that eight corirorals was a full complement for a company. While Hibbard and Frink were not decorated with the blue chevron on the sleeve, the boys dubbed them as supernumerary corporals, which they did not relish, but of course took it good naturedly or if not would have been hectored the more. Hut both of these worthy comrades were in due season honored according to their merits, and of them something will be said elsewhere. I mention the above historical fact to svibstantiate a statement made that Company K. though at the foot of the list was at the head in many things. No company marched into Camp Lincoln, nrat- tleboro, Vt., with so large a corps of non-commissioned officers as Company K, and there were others equally deserving and more ambitious too. possibly. JOHN W. BROUGH We next arrive to Company K's musicians, the boys that blew the fife ajid rattled the drum. John W. Brough. fifer, volunteered from the town of Swanton August 2oth, 1862. at the age of 19 years, only five feet, six inches tall, but quite stocky and vigorous, light hair and complexion fair, blue eyes. He was born in 1840 in the town of Morristown. Vermont, and by occupation a wheelwright. At the date of his enlistment was learning the wheelwright's trade, and at work for Chester Lawrence, a local wagon builder and quite a musician, and young Brough under the Instructions of Mr. Lawrence had acquired some knowledge of music, and could read and soimd the gamut of musical notes quite readily, and also could play the fiddle, fife, flute and drum, and this being known to Captain Blake, was appointed fifer from the company. John was an industrious and determined fellow, and his efforts on the ffe were soon rewarded with an appointment as a part of the regimental drum corps. Company K. especially Brough's tentmates. and those next to him have not forgotten the incessant strains of fife (not music) night and day for a number of weeks. John soon was able to play some of the marches and finally became one of the best fifers in the corps. He was faithful and on duty from first to last. Was with the regiment in all its marches, and at Gettysburg courageously performed his duty of assisting the wounded from the field to the hospital and places of safety to be attended to by the surgeons. John was a great hand to visit the houses near by our camp, to see the people, but never made only a single visit to a house that did not contain some fair and blushing damsel, and his diary kept by him gives names and ages of fair maidens near by every camp we had. His musical talents were a passport Into the cabins and mansions in the neighborhood of our several camps. John played the fiddle and the colored boys and girls the banjo and bones and some of you who occa- sionally were invited by John to go with him remember still the stamp of feet and clap of hands and animated dance: all were delighted. It was fun to see and hear the colored boys and girls as their bodies from head to foot kept time to the music. Jobn returned home soon after the war and engaged at his trade with E. X. Sunderland for a number of years, and then engaged as a pattern maker for the St Albans Fotmdry Co.. and remained in their employ about 27 years. He is now follow- ing the calling of a traveling optician, fitting and selling eye glasses, and it is said is successful, and doing a lucrative business. He bought a modest little home, ten acres of land and buildings, located near Prospect Hill just outside of the city limits of St. Albans City. He has been married for many years and has lived a hajipy life. 1 see him quite often in Swanton and St. Albans, and other towns of the county. He looks yet quite young and bids fair to live as long as his father who died at the age of 89 years. You will see how he looks now by turning to page .... See roster. LEWIS G. LABOUNTY volunteered from Swanton .\ugust 25th, 1SC2, was only 17 years old. five feet high, light complexion, dark hair and eyes. He was very slight in build and looked too young even for a drummer boy. He was anxious to go and Doctor Stevens said he Biographical and Hisfarical of Company K. 713 would pass him lor a drummer, and to this iiosition he was appointed. He suc- ceeded in making a noise on the drum, but it was a long time before he was able to do much more than beat the time with his drum stick. His first attempts at playing the long roll was amusing to see, and dreadful to hear, but Thad. Whipple, the boss drummer of the regiment said "for raw material he was first class, he never saw any more raw," but he succeeded in course of time in making a very creditable drummer out of LaBounty. He was a good, honest boy and tried to do his duty. Lewis's father died in Canada when he was about twelve, and his mother being very poor with five children, thought best to move, and did move, to Highgate, Vt. Lewis, the oldest, at the age of twelve, found a place with Horace Saxe, a good man with whom he lived doing chores and going to school in winter and work on the farm the rest of the year for his board and clothing until he enlisted. After his discharge he returned to Mr. Saxe and lived with him for many years. He married and has followed the occupation of farming, living in Franklin County all the time. He applied for a pension on account of injury received at Fairfax court House, Decem- ber 2S, 1S62, when General J. E. B. Stuart made an attack on our brigade in the dead of night. Drummer LaBounty staid near the cannon when shells were being fired into the approaching charging columns of Sttiart's cavalry. His ear drum was injured but continued with the sticks until he could beat the long roll as well as the best of them. He was brave on the battlefield and kindly assisted with hands and stretcher many a wounded soldier to the hospital for surgical attendance. A pension w-as granted him with quite a sum of back pay with which he bought a small farm and was happy. His connubial life was blessed with seven children, two boys and five girls, all of which have been well brought up and given a fair education. He has through life been industrious, frugal, faithful and reliable. His word as good as his bond, and has ever sustained a good reputation among his neighbors and friends. In 1905 he sold his small farm in Franklin and bought a larger one in Fletcher, Vt., near Fletcher, Station. I see him occasionally, and he is glad to see and hear about the old boys in Company K. I had quite a nice visit with him this 1.5th day of February, 1906. He is 63 years old, and looks old and gray, but says he is quite nigged and able to do a pretty fair day's work yet. He is very deaf and it is difficult to talk with him. He sold his Fletcher farm and recently, 1909, bought a small farm in Randolph, Vt., where he now resides. I saw him October, last, and he was well and happy. See picture on page 419. GEORGE L. BARNEY volunteered from Swanton, August 25th. 1862. He was born in Swanton in 1840, and was a descendant of a family of that name who settled in Swanton in 1798. His age was 20, five feet ten inches, light complexion, brown hair and blue eyes, and by occupation a farmer, if any occupation at the time. He was good natured, full of lite and in for a good time. He seemed to enjoy soldier's life, except marching, picket and guard duty, building forts and fighting, and the captain hoping to please him had him detailed as teamster. This duty pleased him better, for now he could ride a mule and be where there was generally plenty of rations. After this the boys called him Dr. Barney, for he was an M. D. (mule driver.) He returned to Vermont and was discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863. and resumed work among the farmers In his native town for a while, and then became a railroad man. and this occupation he followed many years and was promoted to the position of passenger conductor on the Central Vermont Railroad, and was a popular and obliging conductor. He was taken sick and died at and is buried at MARCUS A. BEST volunteered from his native town, Highgate. August 25th, 1862, at the age of 21 years, five feet, six inches high, dark hair and blue eyes and light complexion, a farmer by occupation. He was not rugged in build or general appearance. His life had been for a number of years spent in the little village of Highgate, and had the advantages of a common school education, and the surroundings of a Christian home and the blessings of kind and indulgent parents and loving brothers and sisters. The moral training of home and the influences of society in which he mingled made him highly thought of among his friends and associates. He was indeed a very exemplary young man. He was of few words and reserved disposition. He was kind and friendly, but cultivated intimate friendship with but few. Was from the first imbued with the grand and noble purpose that prompted him to volunteer when his country was assailed by foes within and the intrigues of ambitious nations without. He brought to this new life a conscientious devotion that found him ever ready and willing to respond to duty without one word of criticism. There were no loosening of moral obligations and decorum with him because a soldier. He realized fully his obligations to tha Government of the country that gave him birth and had freely laid down his young JI4 Till- riiirtccnth h'iijiiiu-nt \\-nnlticiil and Historical of Coiiil^aiiy K. 729 GEORGE H. JENNISON volunteered about the 25th of August, 1862, from the town of Swauton, and Joined Highgate company September 11th, 1862, the day of the organization of the company. His father had died some time before, and Clark S. Jennison was his legal guardian and gave his written consent to the enlistment. George v.as brought up on a farm and educated thus far in the district schools of his native town. Born in 1842 in Swanton, Vt., occupation a farmer. His conduct showed that his moral training had not been neglected, he was a quiet, unobtrusive young fellow with a retiring, though pleasant disposition. Entered into the necessary drill essential to army life with zeal that he might at the earliest moment become fitted for the duties expected. This new life changed not a single obligation of civil life and his conduct was always upright and courteous. An opportunity came very soon after we were assigned to General Heintzleman's command who was in charge of the defences of Washington while at Camp Vermont on the Mount Vernon road a mile or so south of Alexandria to be detailed in the ambulance department. Private Jennison accepted this offer and was on the 17th day of November, 1S62, detailed as ambulance guard, which posi- tion he liked ver>' much, was soon promoted as sergeant which gave him a mounted position with quite pleasant surroundings, and with less exposure and routine of camp life, than if he had remained with the company. He did not leave Company K only on detached duty, and he was often seen riding into our camp equipped and caparisoned as belonging to the ambulance corps. We only saw him occasionally, but we learned that his service was faithful and efficient and satisfactory. Comrade Jennison remained in the ambulance department until his term of enlist- ment expired, and was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 18(i3. He returned to his home in Swanton and resumed the occupation of a farmer. He subsequently married Addle Potter, of St. Albans, moved West, where he has since resided. He now lives in Mason City. Iowa. He was East a few years ago and at that time paid me a visit and while he is many years older than when in the service, he does not look as old as 64. To them were born two children, a son and a daughter. JAMES JUDKINS was one of the Highgate volunteers from that town enrolled about August 25, 1862, and joined the Highgate company September 11th, the day of the organization of the company. I do not think I had seen him before this occasion. His age at enlist- ment was 38 and was a married man with a family, and his occupation was that of a shoemaker, was five feet, nine inches tall, straight, active, and a good physical specimen for endurance and hardship. He was a man of a few words, and said but little to any one, and only those with whom he mated or to officers and others about duty and business. He was on hand and was always in line when Sergeant Morey called the roll. Likely no more faithful and conscientious soldier found in our company. I do not think we had been out long before Comrade Judkins was permitted to set up a cobbler's shop in his tent, and repair shoes and boots for the boys, and this he continued to do until about the time we left Virginia on the Gettysburg march. Comrade Judkins informed me that he was born in Plattsburg, N. Y., that his father was a soldier in the war of 1812. Since returning home from the army he has resided in Highgate and continued the occupation of shoemaker and is still at the old trade and at the same place with a fair prospect of quite a number of years of active life. There is not a comrade of Company K but what has travelled further away from home and oftener than Com- rade Judkins. He is as regular in his habits of lite as the rising and setting of the sun. perfectly honest, no one doubts his word and is respected by all. He has a picture that was taken with uniform on, but says it is not fit to be used, anc" for that reason does not want it to appear in our book. I am sorry, for I am sure you would at once recognize Company K's honest shoemaker soldier, for he did duty as a soldier and sewed and pegged our shoes and some time took his pay in promises to be paid when the paymaster came. He is now an old man, 85 years past, and yet he walks off ji"st as when he appeared on the march, quick, steady and strong. I saw him here in Swanton only a few days ago, during the month of June, 1909, and his memory of the old days was fresh and that life in the army was spoken of with pleasure, and when I remarked to him, "We all soon shall pass away and be forgotten," "Yes," said he, "but what we did will remain, and tor us it does not much matter." He was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in High- gate, Vt., where he has always lived. Comrade Judkins was born in Plattsburg, N. Y.. November 19th, 1824. He moved early to Vermont and married Mary Ann Wlieelock, of Bakersfleld, Vt., in 1846, and the fruit of this union was three daughters, Emma L., Sarah E., and Abbie M. Emma married a Mr. Sylvester Washburn; the other two never married and remain at home 730 7 /ii" riiirti-ciith Rryiiiicnl I'cnuoiit I'olunlccrs giving care and comfort and joy to father and mother in the sunset of life. 1 am told he still applies his trade with customary satisfaction and promptness. He is now a pensioner at $2U per month and quite hajipy. ROBERT KEENAN volunteered as a substitute lor Henrj' G. King of llighgate and joined the Highgate company some time subsequent to September 23rd. and before we left the state for Hraltleboro to be mustered into the United States service. He was as I thought at the time, an old man, and in fact his age was '.'•l or more, and yet he was a strong, healthy looking, vigorous, athletic man. lie was a Yankee Irishman, born in this country, but his father and mother were from sweet old Ireland. Rob, as we called him. was full of fun and wit, and made lots of droll talk that tickled and amused the boys very much. He was all right and made a good soldier, and was one of the best shots in Company K. if not the best, it was an even thing between him and Oliver Parizo. Rob had two brothers in the army, one who enlisted from a western state, and one from Vermont, who belonged to Company F, I'nited States Shari)sliooters that was recruited from Vermont, both of these brothers are still living in Swanton, Vt. Rob was patriotic and seemed perfectly satisfied with army life. He had a roving disposition, and was seldon found in camp in good weather, unless detailed for duty. Rob, like some others, hankered now and then for liquid rations, and whenever given ovit, which was not often, was on hand for his share, and would not refuse even what belonged to the other boys who did not use liqvior of any kind, and if he could iire- vail upon them to draw their rations and turn the same over to him, he was more than pleased If not fully satisfied. He remained with the regiment in line of duty to the end and showed himself to be a brave, fearless, courageous and aggressive soldier. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to East Highgate where he was em- ployed for many years in O. S. Rixford's Axe and Scythe Mfg. establishment. He died in and is buried in Highgate, Vt. OLIVER L. KEEZER enlisted from the town of Georgia, Vt., as a substitute for Orrin Hubbard, and on October 23, was enrolled and mustered in the same day, the only man in Company K or the Thirteenth Regiment from that town except William Ryan, that joined Company A, 13th Vermont Volunteers. He was an old man and must have been led to volunteer liy some jjeculiar ciicumstances. He was |iast 4.') in Ociol)er. isti2. He joined Company K after we arrived at Washington and while we were in camp on East Capitol Hill, called Camp Casey, and was mustered in on the same day, October 2:ird. lSfi2. .Now you wonder how this irrej^ularity came about. I will explain as I recall and understand the situation. There were two Hubbard boys who enlisted from the town of Swanton. Oscar and Orrin, both all right and acceptable and both went with us to Brattleboro, Vt., on September 29th and remained there until October 9th, the day befjre we were mustered into the United States service. Our uniforms had been distributed and they with the rest of us dressed up as soldiers and partici- pated in the drills and the duties of camp to this date, October 9th. On this 9th day of October word came from home to the Hubbard brothers that death or dangerous illness had suddenly occurred in the Hubbard family, and to come home, if possible, at once. This communication was taken to the adjutant and inspector generals office, Peter T. Washburn, and leave of absence from the company was granted for two weeks, the order being signed by Peter T. Washburn. They returned home to Swanton in haste uniformed, on the same night. Oscar returned and joined his company at Camp Casey October 23rd, 1.S62. and was then mustered into the United States service. Orrin did not return, but Oliver L. Keezer came with Oscar in place of his brother, dressed in the same uniform that Orrin had worn away when he went home on leave of ab- sence. Why Orrin did not return I never knew, but I think on account of death in the family, and it was decided best to get some one to take Orrin's place, and old Oliver L. Keezer was dug up somewhere down in Georgia as a proxy for Orrin. Whether ever examined and passed by a medical examination is very doubtful but Oliver came and some kind of a military necromancy, presto change, took place, and Keezer was accepted and mustered in, good, bad or indifferent, and nothing said. Keezer was a total stranger and the boys thought it was a bad trade, for he was twice as old as Orrin Hubbard and was nowhere his equal in education, general appearance or physical ability to endure army life. Orrin volunteered and was with the company, doing duty like the rest for five or six weeks, and then secured Keezer to take his place in Company K. He took off his uniform that he wore home and put it on Keezer and started him with his brother. Oscar to Washington, D. C, to join Company K in his place. They arrived before their ftirlough expired and he was duly enlisted and mustered in, and all went Biographical and Historical of Company K. 731 well. Orrin remained at home, and lived in Georgia as a prosperous farmer all his life until about January, 1906, when he died. Keezer did duty for a while, but the climate and lite was too much for him and in April. 1863, was sent to the general hospital and never returned to our company for duty. He came with others and joined us at Brattleboro, Vt., coming with Surgeon Nichols, who found him with others of our regiment in the hospitals about Washing- ton. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863. He was not to blame for sickness, for some of our very best were taken sick and were never after able to do duty, some were discharged before the expiration of their service, and others who had spent considerable time in the hospital, were mustered out with the regiment. One thing is certain that Keezer did not serve over time for he enlisted October 23rd, and was mustered out July 21st, less than nine months from the time he was mustered into the United States service. Most of us enlisted in August and were mustered out in July, eleven months in the service and a good many of the boys claimed before we started on the march to Gettysburg, that our time was out, and when we left camp on the Occoquan we should march direct to Washington and be sent home, and that accounts tor a few fellows of Company K starting off on that last march so heavily loaded down. They thought they were on the way home by the way of Alexandria and Washington, but such were doomed to disappointment. The most of us knew full well we should be needed. We knew General Lee was in the Shenan- doah Valley with his whole army moving north as fast as possible and we had sat on the banks of the Occoquan for days and watched General Hooker's army cross the Oc- coquan in all haste on his way north to intercept General Lee before he should be able to reach Washington, and every hour of the day and night for ten days we expected to hear the beat of the long roll preparatory to follow, and thus it was, but that I may not do injustice to Comrade Keezer or my friend, Orrin Hubbard, in whose place he went, am glad to say that Keezer re-enlisted into Company A, 17th Vermont Regiment, and there distinguished himself as a valiant soldier. He was taken prisoner September 30th, 1864, and died in that horrid prison pen at Salisbury. N. C, January 27th, 1865, and was there buried. Oscar Hubbard as you know died in June, 1863, at Camp Widow Violet and that his remains were sent home to Vermont. JAMES KINGSLEY was a Swanton recruit and volunteered about August 25th, 1862, and was present and took part in the election of Company officers on September 11th. His age was 21 and a tanner by occupation, and was a married man. He was short and slight, too puny for soldier business, and yet he was tough and endured army life better than many who seemed better fitted for it. He was much attached to his wife and she undoubtedly was lonesome when left behind in Vermont, and I presume he wrote her to come to Washington, informing her that we were to remain near Washington on guard duty. She arrived sometime in November and joined her husband while we were in Camp Vermont. That made it a little inconvenient for her husband, tor three others occupied a small A tent by themselves and no sleeping room for more. Kingsley hustled around, went and saw Colonel Randall who was always kind and thoughtful, and very cour- teous to the ladies, and taking into consideration the circumstances, at once ordered a special tent for Kingsley and his wife, and in the course of a day or so Kingsley had up a tent all stockaded and fixed up as comfortable as a cotton tent could be in the winter time, and thereafter Kingsley and his wife had a tent by themselves. It was about number four down the company street on the left at Camp Wolf Run Shoals. Kingsley now lived happy and contented and so was his wife. There was plenty of regulation rations for all, such as beans, rice, pork, hardtack, coffee, tea, sugar, molasses, salt, pepper and occasionally soft bread and fresh meat. Mrs. Kingsley seemed to enjoy the outdoor life and for a time had the proud distinction of being the only woman in camp. Quite a number came later while we were in Camp Widow Violet, and a more appropriate camp for ladies to visit than Wolf Run Shoals. Some of you must remember how Kingsley was annoyed because of the boyish capers invented to make fun and bother him, all innocent fun, nothing more. Kingsley got permission from the Captain to do guard duty in the camp and not go out on the picket line, that his wife might not be left alone, but that was entirely unnecessary, for there was never the slightest danger of any of Company K boys planning for an elopement with her. Some said James was jealous. T could never be- lieve it, yet it might have been so. Mrs. Kingsley remained and moved with us to our next camp. Widow Violet. Mrs. Kingsley was the best looking lady in camp for a long time, but when others came society was re-organized, and the social relations of the regiment was run on a different plan. When there appeared some prospect of a spring campaign. Comrade Kingsley was alarmed and was advised to let his wife go to Washington, or home to Vermont, and about the first day of June she left for Washington, and from there home to Vermont. Comrade Kingsley was very lonesome for a while, but soon was all right 73- ^ Z't" 1 Inrtccntit Rcyimcnt I crniuul I ulitiitccrs and did good duty the real of the liuie, but was anxious to see home, and was some afraid he might gel hurt if we got into a fight, lie never was shot or harmed in battle, and was mustered out with the regiment July 2lBt, ISU:'. He lived in Swauton for a number of years after returning home and then moved to Massachusetts, where he was living only a few years ago. 1 liave not been able to ascertain whether he is dead or alive. ISAAC LADUE volunteered from the town of Highgate about September ]6th, 1862, as a substitute for Dennis Wilcox. It appeared that at this time Calvin Drury was his guardian, for he gave permission for the enlistment. Dennis Wilcox was a drafted man from the town of Grand Isle, and procured Isaac to go as his substitute, and yet Ladue was accredited to Highgate and not to Grand Isle on the quota as appears by the Adjutant General's report of the state, and how it was arranged of course I cannot say. Isaac and his guardian, Drury, signed papers to act as a substitute for Wilcox. Isaac was a volunteer just the same, and served under his own name. He was at this date 19, short and quite small for one of his age. He was Rhode Island born and yet evidently had never had the benefit of a common school education, for we observed he signed his name by making a cross for his signature. Though in the same com- pany, we never became much acquainted with Comrade Ladue, as a rule he was seen in the ranks ready and willing to do duty. He was for a while detailed on guard duty away from the regiment. Isaac was with the regiment in all its marches and in the battle at Gettysburg, and was a good and brave soldier, faithfully performing his duties at all times, fulfilling the oath taken to serve his government. He was mustered out with the regiment at Hrattleboro, July 21st, 1863, and returned home to Highgate. I have not been able to find out w^here he is, or if dead, when or where he died. HARDY H. LADUE volunteered from the town of .\lburgh ubout the 10th day of September. 1S63, and joined Highgate Company, and was present, as I recall, when company officers were elected. September 11th. There were four others from Alburg, his associates. Hardy at this time was 20 years old, five feet nine inches tall, well built, muscular and active and his occupation was that of a blacksmith. He was in age, physical make-up and otherwise well adapted to the life he had volunteered to take part in. Was pleasant and jovial, had a kind and gentle disposition, but did not care to have his toes purposely stepped on, and if persisted in, that left hand would come out to remind you to be a little more careful. All knew that it would not do to push Hardy too much or too often, even Corporal Chadwick was careful not to give occasion for offense in his official relation or otherwise. Comrade Ladue was on hand when duty called him. He was stationed on special duty at Fairfax Station for about two months, returning to the company about March Htli, while we were still in camp at Wolf Run Shoals. He and Butler and Sergeant Manzer, who had been at the station claimed to have had pretty good winter- quarters, light duty and quite a pleasant and comfortable time. They were stationed where they could take the cars any day for Alexandria and Washington. I called on them on two occasions on my way from Camp Wolf Run Shoals to Washington. Their tent at the railroad station was a sort of a hotel for Company K boys on their way to and from Washington, often staying over night with them and surely we were always welcomed, and the best the house afforded was cheerfully divided. The latch string always hung out at their tent. This hotel was only an .V tent calculated for four, but six or eight could be accommodated in case of storm or other necessity. Hardy was a good entertainer and was bubbling over with fun and laughter nearly all the time when awake. It seems to me now as I recall individually the boys of Company K none seemed to enjoy the outdoor and army life better than young Ladue. He was sick for a day or so occasionally with disease incident to army life. I think he had the measles, camp itch and jaundice: most of us did. but he foimd no fault with such trifles. Was generally all serene when plenty of rations at hand and not too much marching and sleeping on the cold, wet ground without tents. He stood the seven days" march to Gettysburg as well as any of Company K, and reached there as fresh as any. He was a good forager and he and his associate. Henry Butler were able to buy or appropriate more than most of us. and therefore was In pretty good condition for the fight when we reached the battlefield of Gettysburg. Hardy was no coward for all the day long, July 2nd. he was under fire, and on the 3rd during most of the cannonading of that day, which was fearful where our com- pany and regiment were, but his sympathy for his comrades in distress was ever quick to respond and ready to assist. About noon on the last day of the battle during a brief cessation of flying and exploding shell, one of our ntimber. Edward Gorman, was taken suddenly ill and was suffering cramps and awful pains in the bowels and ■was rolling about on the ground. Hardy came up to Captain Blake and reported Gor- Biographical and Historical of Company K. y^^ man's case and asked what could be done. Captain Blake observed Gorman's condition to be as reported, and hesitated as to what could be done. Hardy pointed to an ambulance some twenty rods to the rear and Captain Blake said, "Take him to that ambulance as quick as possible and return, for we are liable to be called on to charge any minute." I saw Hardy deliver Comrade Gorman inside the ambulance and my attention was then called to a caisson that exploded just at our left and rear, and this made quite a commotion, for a number were killed and many wounded. The air was so filled with smoke that the ambulance and Ladue were hidden from view. We were immediately ordered to advance a few rods to a rail fence breast- work that had been built by orders during the forenoon under charge of Sergeant George H. Scott of Company G, and from that time on the air was pretty full of shot and shell and no one cared to run about very much unless in response to orders; then none seemed to hesitate. General Pickett's charge followed, and the fight was over with the going down of the sun. On the next day Hardy said after he placed Comrade Gorman into the ambulance, he attempted to return to his company, but owing to the blowing up of two or three caissons nearby him and the shell came so fast, could not find his way back to the regiment. It had moved and he could not tell where to go, but found a protected place and there remained until dark. The boys chided Hardy good naturedly when he returned and did not fully accept his reasons for not returning. Hardy did not show any resentment, for at that time it would not have been prudent to do so, but laughingly said in reply, "Well, I would rather be a live coward than a dead hero." The matter was there dropped, for no one could say it was different than explained by Comrade Ladue. Hardy fell in with the company on the march in pur- suit of General Lee's flying army and seemed anxious to overtake the foe and have another opportunity to test his courage in another battle, and I am confident if he had been given another chance would have remained with his company, no matter how hard and bloody the contest, but on the 10th while at iliddletown, Md., received orders to start for home, our time being out, hence none of us had any chance to show courage or redeem damaged reputation. Young Ladue was mustered out with the regiment July 21st. 1863, and returned home. He followed his occupation of blacksmith for a number of years and finally became an engineer on a railroad, and has for many years past been employed in the railroad service as a reliable and courageous engineer. The last I heard of Comrade Ladue he was in Chicago, 111. He is supposed to be alive. JAMES MALONEY volunteered from the town of Swanton about the 1st of September, 1862. He was at this time about 42 years old and a farmer by occupation, a married man, was born in Ireland, but had been in this country since childhood. He was present at the organization of the Highgate company September 11th, 1862. Although he had been brought up under our laws and civilizing influences, he was a genuine bog trotter, and as full of wit and repartee as those who live near the Lakes of Killarney, nearby which he said he was born. He had gray eyes and hair, was of stout build, sturdy, healthy and strong, was a good feeder and seemed to appreciate the abundance of pork and beans, etc., furnished for the soldiers. He was for a time on detail duty at the regimental hospital, but returned to the company after a few weeks and then remained with his company doing duty when called upon. I recall that he was one of the few in Company K who did not refuse whisky rations when issued, which occurred on a few occasions. Some of Company K boys who did not use whiskey were persuaded to go and draw their share and then turn them over to some deserving comrade who thought he needed it as a preventive against small-pox, measles, jaundice, itch, wood ticks and chills and fever, etc., etc., so occasionall.v some one took too much preventive for the best discipline and morale of the company. Maloney was a very good soldier, and like most of his nationality had plenty ot courage on all occasions. He was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to Swanton, and on the 29th day of August, 1863, re- enlisted imder his old friend. Lieutenant Brown of Company K, into Company A, of the Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, this time as a veteran, went to the front in the spring of 1864, taken sick while in front of Petersburg, Va., and died of disease October 6th, 1864. Here again was illustrated the loyalty of the Irish soldier to his adopted country. The Thirteenth Regiment had abundant proof of heroic conduct In battle of those of Irish birth, and those of our regiment of this nationality too much praise cannot be given. DANIEL MANAHAN volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 10th, 1862. His age was 18, dark hair and gray eyes, and a nice clean looking young man with a genial and happy disposition, very friendly and kind and courteous to every one. He was truly a genuine Yankee Irishman, born in Swanton. His father and mother were born In 734 '"'t' I Itirtccitth Rcyiiiiciit I rniionl I 'oliiittccrs Iri-liUid. His father died a niiiuber of years ago in St. Albans, Vt., and his mother still lives, and is often seen on the streets of St. Albans and occasionally in her old home town, Swanton. and as I meet her she always refers to her soldier son, Dannie, and with eyes dimmed with tears and trembling voice speaks affectionately of her first born and dearest beloved child. Comrade Manahan was one of the best and bravest boys of Company K, was always on hand and ready for duty, pleasant and cheerful at all times. I never saw him otherwise. In fact he was quite a favorite in the company, and could be depended upon at all times and was reliable, faithful and true. Mis undaunted courage when exposed to great danger, was grandly illustrated on Cemetery Hill July 2nd, when he and others of Company K went to the assistance of a crippled battery as heretofore mentioned. The manifestation of such heroism in a mere boy of IS was sublime, and an inspiration to his comrades that witnessed it, and in unison spontaneously cheered this daring deed. If any earned a medal of honor for bravery on that field of carnage and glory, it was my esteemed comrade. Daniel Manahan. Young Manahan was mus- tered out with the company and regiment, and returned to his home where he was affectionately received by father and mother, sisters and brothers, and all who knew him heartily welcomed him homo and praised his gallant and manly courage at Gettysburg. The citizens of his native town, Swanton, were justly proud of bis conduct in battle. Daniel re-enlisted in Company M, frontier Cavalry, January 3rd, 1864, and was mustered o\it June 27th, 18G.5, by reason of special order, close of the war. Daniel returned and resumed work on the farm his father owned, and carried it on for quite a number of years. His father. Timothy Manahan was a tailor and carried on business in Swanton village for many years. He went West, remained a few years, returned home and there remained until his sudden deatli. He never married and the last few years of his life was spent in the city of St. Albans where he had three married sisters, Mrs. Cornelius Reagan. Mrs. Michael Barnes, and Mrs. Alfred Dufresnes. and he and his mother lived by themselves. Daniel had two younger brothers, Tim and John: Tim is a long time engineer in the far West, and John is a successful farmer now residing in Fairfield, Vt. Dan was always the same kind hearted, genial fellow, generous and sympathetic. His greatest pleasure in life was the meeting of his old comrades of Company K. These as he grew older seemed to be more dear and near to his great heart. 1 lived neighbor to him after we returned from the war and was quite intimate and knew his every day life, and am now glad to say of him that but few rendered better, more loyal and devoted service to his country than Comrade Manahan. He was respected by all who knew him through life. He is missed and by his comrades, his noble qualities of mind and heart are and ever will be cherished in memory. We shall see him soon and join the immortal army where he now waits the coming of the remainder of his dear old comrades of Company K. Comrade Mana- han died at St. Albans, and is buried in the Catholic Fairfax Street Cemetery. If you would see how he looks, look on page 413 of this book. ASHAEL A. MANNING volunteered from his native town. Alburg, Vt.. September 10th. 1862. at the age of 17, and at once went to Highgate and there joined Highgate Company on the day of election of Company officers. He was only Jive feet, four inches tall, rather small, but an active, healthy looking boy, light complexion, gray eyes and light hair, and had been brought up on a farm. Was the son of Judge A. R. Manning, a native also of Alburg. There were four others who came to Highgate Company from Alburg and they all tented together most of the time, and were quite clannish, and seemed to think much of each other. Were all from good families and all born in Alburg, except Sergeant Merritt Manzer, who was a native of Swanton. Vt. Asahel was a good soldier and a very likely young boy and showed that he was well brought up. He was educated in the common district schools of his town. His endurance for one so young and so small was quite remarkable.. He remained with the regiment and participated in all its marches, raids and battles and demonstrated that age and size are not necessarily essential pre-requisites in a soldier. He was mustered out with his regiment and returned to his home, Alburg, and re-enlisted into Company A, seventeenth Vermont Volunteers, as a veteran on the 22nd day of September, 1863, under his old Lieutenant of Company K, now Captain Stephen F. Brown, and arrived at the front in season to take part in the battles of the Wilderness. May. 1864. also Spotsylvania. North .Anna. Totopotomoy. Hethsada Church, Cold Harbor. Petersburg and Petersburg Mine. Welden Railroad, Papalone Spring, Church and Hatchet Run and all between the dates of May 5th and October 29th, 1864. He was taken sick in December following and sent home to Vermont on a furlough on account of sickness the 1st of March. 1S65, but recovered and re- turned, arriving In Washington. D. C. in .\pril and finally joined his regiment at City Point. Was mustered out July 17th, 186.'.. Biographical and Historical of Company K. 735 Since his return to civil life lie has been engaged in speculation, in farm produce, insurance, builder and contractor, but for the last few years has not been able to da but little labor of any kind. Comrade Manning writes me that he has a family of seven boys and five girls, all able-bodied, good looking, industrious and respectable, happy and contented and proud that their father served as a soldier in the War of the Rebellion. Comrade Asahel Manning has done better than any other of Company K toward preparation for abiding peace or war. Comrade Manning sent me a photo as he looked July 21st, 1905, just 42 years from the date of muster out with Company K. Many of you have never seen him since. It has been quite a number of years since I saw him last. He has suffered with disease for many years contracted in the service. He lived in Tilton, N. H., for quite a number of years past. He died January 9th, 1906. Comrade Manning wrote me June 12th, 1905 that he was very much pleased to hear from one of the old boys of Company K, and in the postscript of his letter used these words, "The boys are going fast. I think fall will wind up my life on this earth, I have had a bleeding spell from my lungs and can't stand many more, Good- bye." He realized his end was near, and I doubt not he was fully prepared for the life beyond. He has a brother now residing in Alburg by the name of Man- ning. A picture of Comrade Manning will be seen on page 417, and a brief biographi- cal sketch written just before his death on page .... The name under his picture on page 417 Is error; Asahel A. Manning, not Charles A., which is a mistake of the printer. CHARLES A. MARVIN volunteered from the town of Franklin and joined Highgate Company on the day of its organization, September 11th, 1863. His age at this time was 29 years, and a married man. He was born in Fairfield, Vt., and had lived there nearly all his life. Had resided in Franklin only a short time when he enlisted. His occupation or trade was a wheelwright, carpenter and joiner. His education was in the district schools of Fairfield. His father was a prosperous farmer and a leading citizen of Fairfield for many years and resided on a large farm located on the north west side of Fairfield Pond. Charles A. was a straightforward man, vigorous looking and appearing soldier. He was detailed as soon as we arrived at Brattleboro for work in building barracks, then in process of construction. He served the most of his time on detailed duty. He was one of Company K's famous cooks. This detailed duty required him to go with the wagon train that carried baggage and food. In camp he was one of the company cooks and attended to drawing of company rations from quartermaster, and on the march was one of the guards of the train and carried a gun. Comrade Marvin was a firm believer in dreams and had been from early boyhood. An incident in his life perhaps accounts for this conviction. His mother was one of a class that in these days would be called a mind reader, a medium, a spiritualistic Interpreter of past, present and future. Her dreams under circumstances were recog- nized as reliable in the community where she lived, while his mother, though a Christian woman, laid no claims to being inspired like Daniel of Sacred History, yet she could see and understand how to interpret what she called dreams, which often proved correct. One instance which is well authenticated by some still living, Comrade Marvin relates as an inciaent in his early lite, and It appears in his biography on page .... and if you take pains to read it, you will not wonder why Company M listened to the dreams of their cook and placed more or less reliance on them, nor why the cook was a firm believer in dreams. Comrade Marvin was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Franklin County and took up the occupation of his father and moved on to the old farm and carried it on for many years, until about twelve years ago. Being broken in health and suffering from rheumatism and infirmity incident to army life, gave up the farm and moved to Swanton and there served as Janitor for church and schools for a number of years. His family of girls and boys grew up, married and went by them- selves. His wife died and he married again, quite a young woman, and she died within a year, and subsequently he married a war widow, Mrs. Allen Potter. Comrade Marvin is now at this date, January, 1909, living with a son in St. Albans City, Vt. His picture as he now looks appears on page 420 of this book. GEORGE A. MEAD volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 1st, 1862, at the age of 19, was born in Swanton and the son of a farmer, and his occupation, as far as he had any, was on the farm. He was a well-behaved young man and attended to duty well and faithfully at all times. I do not recall enough concerning his army life to say much of him, nor do I know of him since his discharge, July 21st, 1863. Have not seen him since that day, nor have I been able to ascertain anything concerning him. jy' Till- Ihirtectiih h'l-ijiinciil l\-nituiit i'olnntccis HENRY B. MEIGS volunteered from his nalive town, HigliKiUe, and joiut-d Higligate Company September lllh, 1SG2. His age was IS, six feet high, had a large frame, but little unnecessary llesh, and was indeed raw material and enough of it for a soldier. Light complexion, gray eyes and light hair. Had always lived at home on the farm, and never strayed away very far. He was exceedingly modest and bashful for one so large, at first he was shy and reserved. He was quite apt and soon learned all the ways of camp life whether essential or not. Was on hand day or night for duty or fun, and was easily persuaded by his chums to go outside of camp limits on a tour of investigation. These trips were made in the day time generally, and if anything was located that tempted their palate, the next trip was made by moonlight, and 1 know from what 1 saw and heard mentioned, Meigs and Company never returned empty handed. There was nothing mean or malicious in Comrade Meigs's disposition or conduct while in the service. It was not in him to do a low cowardly act even to an enemy- His pranks while undergoing a metamorphic process of being converted into a soldier, brought out more latent material than naturally developed in the preparatory course, and lasted only a little while, and the change was quite apparent. He soon began to realize what was exi)ected from him as a soldier, and the responsible part that he had voluntarily promised his government that he would assume and fulfill. He became more thoughtful, and more anxious as to what the final result might be. Patriotic desire was so strong that he waited impatiently for opportunity to take a more active part. He seemed anxious to test his courage and strength in battle (though not a word was ever uttered by him as to what he would do if he should meet the enemy). Comrade Meigs, like all of Company K, had never faced the belching cannon, nor the desperate charge, and dare not say what his conduct would be in such a crisis. His manly conduct and undaunted courage on the seven days' march to Gettysburg, was proof of his unyielding determination to stand by the Stars and Stripes whenever and wherever the supreme effort of mortal combat should occur, which gave much promise of heroic conduct in battle. 1 have heretofore spoken of distinguished service performed by Comrade Meigs on the battlefield of Gettysburg, and need not here say more. The ancestral blood that flowed in his veins stimulated his soul to its greatest effort, that he might in his humble position do his part in subduing and overthrowing the rebellious armies now assailing the flag of his country. His conduct in battle demonstrated that his whole being was imbued with the single purpose of doing his very best. After the battle of Gettysburg none appeared more elated and satisfied, because of the privilege of taking part in the sanguinary struggle that brought glorious victory tor the Union and praise to the Second Vermont Brigade to which he belonged. He returned to Brattleboro and was mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service, and then to his old home in Highgate and resumed work on the farm, but this occupation was too slow for his active and ambitious mind. His soldier life had changed him, and the avenues of thought were now so different, that he became restless and anxious to go forth and engage in the struggle of civil life, that he might do for himself more than the opportunities of life on the old home farm could possibly furnish. In the winter of 1S65-1S66 after peace had been declared he went to the distant West. His pictures will be seen on page 418, and an article by himself on page .... See Roster. JOHN MOLLO volunteered from the town of Swanton September 11th. ISC:;, and joined Highgate Company on the day of the organization and election of officers of that company. He was 47 years old and a married man. occupation that of a day laborer. He was five feet, four inches tall, thick set, short, and a strong man of his age, dark hair, eyes and complexion, and he claimed to be part Injun (as he called it), and that his grandmother was of the St. Francis tribe of Indians that once lived on the banks of the Missisquoi River on land now within the limits of the town of Swanton. His dark complexion, long coarse straight black hair and rugged build, justified his claim of descending from some Indian tribe. I have no doubt he may have descended from the red man of this country. He was a good natured, willing and jolly fellow, and had quite a tame and civilized disposition. He was on hand for duty when called, never sick and in fact was a good soldier. He was one of the few of Company K who when on the march carried his knapsack stuffed so full that when placed in position on his shoulders it towered above his head and thus carried it on every march. Mollo was quite suddenly shook up in the charge on the second day of Gettysburg battle, when charging from Cemetery Hill over to our left front where our line of battle had been just broken through by some of General Longstreet's corps. A shell struck the ground just in front of us. came bounding along, passed through our ranks and struck a small boulder on which John had just put his foot upon, and exploded. This was a close call and John thought he was mortally wounded and called for help. It did bring him down and he had reason to be frightened, as no doubt he was. We Biographical and Historical of Company K. J27 left him still crying for assistance, but we of course, could not then stop, and in tact Captain Blake saw enough to satisfy himself that MoUo would be all right as soon as he recovered from his fright, and called out to him to come on, that he was all right, but Mollo came no further, but sought a place of safety to see where he had been hit. We saw him next, the day after the battle, and Mollo reported that he was so lame that he could not follow on, and in fact was still limping, but no marks on his person could be found. The concussion of exploding shell so near him discouraged and possibly may have caused his lameness. He was all right in a day or two and started on the march in pursuit of Lee"s army as good as new. All the time he was anxious to know if we were now on the way home. He returned and was mustered out as sound as when mustered in, and a happier man when he took the cars at Brattleboro for home was not to be found in Company K. He lived about Swanton for a few years and then moved away, but where we do not know. He is supposed to be dead, but when or where he died, I have not been able to obtain any reliable information. SILAS MOZIER was enrolled by the selectmen of Sheldon, and counted on the quota of that town and joined the Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers. His age was 19, nationality French, though born in Sheldon, Vt. Was good size, five feet nine inches tall, light hair, eyes ana complexion. He looked and appeared well enough, and was not quarrelsome nor of an ugly disposition, submitted cheerfully to military discipline, and seemed to enjoy being a soldier. I never saw him before the day of the organization of our company. I observed on that day that one arm was a little short and said to myself that he would not pass medical examination, and likely will be rejected, but to my surprise he did pass, both company examination by Doctor Stevens of St. Albans and regimental at Brattleboro by a United States surgeon. He must have managed to have kept that left arm so it did not show. I had ample reason after to be glad that he did not enlist from Swanton, and was sorry that he was in Company K. Even his own nationality did not care to tent or associate with him. He was sly, and it was rumored he was inclined to take things that did not belong to him, and now and then a fellow soldier would lose money and some thought it was Mozier who helped himself. He was outside of camp visiting the farm houses in search of something, and his tent was often a storehouse of trash that no one could eat or drink. There was always a code of honor among soldiers that prevented them taking anything but eatables and drinkables to satisfy hunger and thirst, to make a little change from the regulation diet of boiled pork and hard tack. In the forenoon of the last day of the battle of Gettysburg while the shot and shell filled the air, Mozier watched his opportunity and started on the run for the rear, throwing down his gun and other accoutrements as he ran. We saw him disappear over the ridge out of sight. Some of Company K and others nearby who saw him rtm sang out, "Shoot the damn coward; see him run; shoot him," but no one did, but he deserved it, for that was the time for each to stand up and not flinch or run away. He returned the next day after the battle dressed with an almost new uniform on, and sergeant's stripes on the sleeves. When Captain Blake saw this official desecration he was mad and ordered him to take off the stripes at once, and he obeyed. Though we did not know for certain, yet we were satisfied that he had been over the battle- field after the fight was over robbing the dead, not only of money, but the uniform he wore. He admitted to the writer that he had been out on the battlefield, and that he exchanged coats with a dead Sergeant. Very fortunate it was for Mozier that our time was then almost at an end, within a day or two, and we were hastily following up Lee's retreating army, or charges would have been made against Mozier, and likely would have been found guilty, not for being a coward, but for robbing the dead. I am thankful that there were none others like him in Company K. He was mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in Sheldon, Vt. His company comrades would have nothing further to do or say to him and never so far as I know, would recognize him as a comrade. I have seen him occasionally since the war. I saw him about four years ago in the streets of St. Albans, and I knew him at once for that short arm and the way he carried it gave him away. Such fellows often live the longest and likely he Is drawing a large pension by reason of Injury to his left at Gettysburg. GEORGE M. MOTT volunteered from Alburg, Vt., and joined Highgate company September 11th, 1862. at which time he was 23 years old, a single man, and by occupation a farmer, five feet seven inches high, dark complexion, brown eyes, black hair, a good proportioned, trim looking young man. George was not very chummy, and mingled but little with only those who came from the same town. He was generally on duty when his turn came. He found some fault about using a pick and spade at Fort Lyon when we were -^H The Tliiiti-ciillt Ri-yiiiii-ii! I'crmont I'oluiitceis detailed for work on llial fori near Camp N'cruiont, aud claimed that he did not eulist for that, aud objected to that kind of lighting. Virginia clay was miserable stuff to handle, and he was not used to it. The soil was different on the shores of Lake Chaniplain where he was born, but none of us had mucli of this kind of work to do. Comrade Wott was a good, faithful soldier, and manfully and courageously performed his duty to the end. He was mustered out with the regiment July 2l8t, 18C2, and returned to his home in Alburg, Vt., where he has resided since. He married and raised up a family, taking life as it came without worry or particular desire to become rich. 1 see Comrade JVlott occasionally aud he looks quite young yet, and he is hall and happy. His present address is Alburg, Vt. SUMNER A. NILES volunteered from the town of Alburg and joined Highgate company September 11th, 1862. His age at this time was 35, and a married man, and by occupation a farmer. Was to all appearances well fitted for soldier life. He went to Brattleboro with us September 29th, and was mustered into the United States service on October 10th, 18G2, and left us that night and we saw him no more. He returned in due season to Alburg, Vt. 1 have seen him since the war, but have never asked him why he deserted. ROSWELL OLMSTEAD volunteered from the town of Franklin and was one of the clan from the east side of the pond, now called Silver Lake. His age was 19, a single man, and the son of a farmer, five feet nine inches tall, and good material out of which to make a good soldier. My first acquaintance with him was on the day of the organization of the company. He never said but little to any one and seldom a word to comparative strangers, he was odd and very peculiar, hard to get acquainted with. He brought with him a good reputation, and his general appearance was indicative of proper bringing up. His habits were all right, his conduct upright and straightforward. Was on hand when duty called, and was ready and willing to do his whole duty, and never found fault. He seemed to enjoy soldier life, but he was far away from home, and occasionally longed to be there. A little homesick now and then, but that was epidemic and intermittent, and never dangerous. He was a good soldier, and brave, and acquitted himself with credit and honor to his town and state. He was mustered out with his regiment and returned home to Franklin where he has since resided most of the time, following the occupation and in the footsteps of his father until quite recently. I have seen him but few times since the war, though we live in the same county, and not more than fifteen miles apart. He re- mains at home, never attends our reunions or meets with his old comrades as they gather from time to time in different parts of the state. I wrote him and did my best to interest him in our proposed regimental history, but true to his peculiarity made no reply. He bears a good reputation, and is a respectable citizen. I know but little of his success in life, but have been told that he has ever been happy and contented. I have been recently informed that he moved to some town in Massachusetts, not long since, and is there residing with a son. I am however told that he has returned to his old home in East Franklin, Vt. RODNEY ORCUTT volunteered from the town of Swan ton at the age of 18, was bom in Swanton, brought up on a farm in the east part of the town. Was large and tall for one so young. His education was obtained in the district schools of the town, and had never seen much of the world, and likely had never been away from home overnight. Was an over- grown, green looking boy, but honest and willing. My first acquaintance was on the day of the election of company officers, September 11th, at Highgate, Vt. His older brother and father too, were present. Rodney was rather slow, but sure, and could be relied upon to do whatever was assigned to him. He was of a good disposition and kind hearted, and not inclined to boisterous and aggressive conduct, seldom wandered from camp on personal scouting forays, and likely never took anything that did not belong to him. He was present at roll call and was on hand when detailed for duty, and never found any fault. He had the measles at Camp Wolf Run Shoals and was hard sick in his tent tor a number of days. Many of the regiment had measles in this camp, but all recovered. Rodney took part in every march and regimental raid or tramp beyond our picket lines and generally came in as fresh as any. The march to Gettysburg of seven days In rain and sunshine on the macadam roads or across fields, it mattered not to him, he never faltered or fell behind. In the battle of Gettysburg was as brave as any, and flred his gun as often, and with equal execution as the best. He took deliberate aim before he pulled the trigger. The fearful carnage about him seemed not to dismay or Bioyral'hual and Historical of Coinl^aiiv K. 739 frighten him. This was his first experience, and he did not suppose it unusual. It was fortunate for Company K that he was one ot the brave boys that stood firm and helped to win the victory on that now historic battlefield. Rodney returned and was mustered out with his regiment at lirattleboro, and returned home and resumed work on the farm. After a few years moved to Wheelock, Vt., where he still resides. He married and the union was blessed with five children, three boys and two girls. If you would see Rodney as a young man just after the war and now, his face will be found on page 414, also a brief sketch written by himself. See Roster. SIDNEY ORCUTT volunteered from the town of Swanton August 25th, 1862, at the age of 20, and joined Company K on the day of the election of company officers. He was five feet ten inches tall, well formed, a vigorous looking young man, his occupation was farming. Had been educated in the district schools of his native county, was born in Sheldon, Vt., and his father moved to Swanton when Sidney was about one year old. He was an older brother of Rodney, and they were very much alike in looks, ways and general appearance. They were always together and agreed on all questions, occupied the same tent, and stood side by side on the march, dress parade and in the line of battle. Sidney was entirely reliable and never shrank from any duty he was asked to do, acted well his part at all times and in all places, never hilarious or loud and boisterous, but a quiet, steady going, peaceable fellow, attending strictly to his own business, never meddling with the affairs ot others, and hence made no trouble tor the officers of his company. The camp was his home, and the tent was liis castle, and could always be found when wanted. He was courteous and respectful, and anxious to please his officers and be exact and faithful in the performance of duty. He was a good soldiei', brave and true, and seemed to realize why and for what purpose he had volunteered. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned home to Swanton, and there lived for a few years and then went to the state of Maine, and is now living in Conway, N. H. A brief sketch will be found on jiage .... See Roster. OLIVER PARAZO volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 10th, 1862, and joined the Highgate company on the 11th day of September, the time of the organization of the company. His age was 31, was a married man, and by occupation a farmer. He was born in Canada, but came with his parents to Swanton when a child, and had always lived in Swanton and there married for his first wife a Miss Greeno, belonging to an old time, highly respected family, Oliver from youth up to manhood had so lived as to command the good opinion of all classes. He was an honest, reliable and upright citizen, and conscientious in all his doings. He tried to be just to all and likely. succeeded as well as any. At the date of enlistment he was considered honorable and courageous, and of the kind best adapted to the exacting life of a soldier. Inasmuch as a sketch of Oliver Parazo, written by his true and lifelong friend, Stephen F. Brown, appears on page .... See Roster, and his face on page 413, what I would otherwise say of him will be at this time mostly omitted. My acquaintance with Oliver, living in the same village and meeting him nearly every day and being a comrade in the same company, gave me more intimate knowledge of his true character than others could possibly have. A pension was granted him soon after the war on account of a rupture and other injuries received in the battle of Gettysburg. The generous act of his government came at a time when needed, and no man ever appre- ciated it more. He was as loyal in civil life as he was brave in battle. He was mus- tered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and took the first train home where he well knew an affectionate welcome of loving wife and children anxiously waited his coming. The rest of his life was In Swanton, except a brief stay in Massachusetts. His days, though a life long sufferer by reason of injuries received at Gettysburg, were comparatively happy and cheerful. Was content and thankful his injuries, pain and suffering was because of service to his country. His life was honorable and he enjoyed the respect of all. and is now missed. His comrades who knew him best deplore his loss most. I saw him on his death bed during the last hours of his consciousness; he realized that death was near at hand, and felt that he was prepared, and he met the last days of his life, and welcomed It with the same undaunted courage and heroic bravery that he evinced in battle. He lived not in vain, for in a single hour in meeting Pickett's desperate and gallant charge, did more for his government and country than many a distinguished citizen in a life time, in the higher walks of life. Oliver Parazo died April 3rd, 1903, and was buried beside his first wife in the Catholic cemetery of Swanton. The survivors of his company and many other old soldiers stood about his grave, their eyes dimmed with tears as the last solemn rites were performed. A comrade 74-' Ihirlccnth Rcyiiiicnt I cnnont I'oliintccrs llie ways ol the world aud uotbing conceiuing uiilitary life. His educaliou was very limited, but he was quite apt and ac(iiiired the necessary knowledge for soldiering as quicltly as any. His dispostion was pleasant and made no trouble in the company. He remained with the company doing duty until March tZnii, 18G3, when he was de- tailed at his own request, and joined Company II, First 11. 1. Light Artillery, with which he remained until the expiration of his term of enlistment. He returned to Vermont and was mustered out with his regiment, July lilst, 18G3, aud then returned to his home in Highgate. His war experience was an important event in his life, and he had improved much, and was reckoned as one of the brave, reliable boys of Company K. David returned to Washington after a short stay at home, and worked for the government as a teamster, driving mules until the close of the war, aud then returned back home again and moved to Swanton, where he lived for quite a number of years, married, and has raised up a nice family of cliildren, all grown up aud some married and away. The others are living with their parents in St. Albans, Vt.. Comrade Quebec has lived in St. Albans for the past fifteen years, and has been employed as a railroad hand most of the time. He is a respectable citizen and well spoken of by his associates. His present address is St. Albans City, \'t. A personal sketch will be found on page .... See Roster, also pictures on page 420. JOSEPH QUEBEC enlisted from the town of Highgate in the last days of August, 1862, at the age of 19, as he claimed, and joined Highgate company on the day of election of officers, September 11th. He was an older brother of David and like him, short and small, but quick and strong, was born in Canada, but had lived in Vermont and mingled with Vermont boys, so that he was a very good Yankee. He had been to our district schools some, and could speak very good Knglish, but the hesitating and broken man- ner in which he used it made fun for the boys. He was on hand when detailed for duty, no matter what, and was glad when the regiment as a whole or in companies or squads made raids across our lines into tlie so-called neutral country among the L'niouists as they called themselves to us, but no doubt were genuine Rebs, furnishing information to Mosby all the time, and no doubt the owners of these plantations were a part of Mosby's bushwhackers and guerrillas that infected so often our picket line. We had reason to think so, especially after the capture of General Stoughton, and after our loaded wagons between Camp Occoquan and Fairfax Station had been taken in the day time. We thought this bold capture of mules, wagons and teamsters was instigated by these local residents, and we treated them accordingly. The more active the regiment in these forays the better, so far as Comrade Quebec was cou- cerned, for he enjoyed them much. The colonel, or whoever might be in command, allowed the boys to exercise more or less discretion in the inspection made on any plantation we chanced to come upon. The boys generally returned with something good, and never took all they could find. Joseph followed and remained with the regiment to the end. was a faithful and brave soldier. Was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, and returned to his home in Highgate, Vt.. where he lived for some time. I have not seen or heard from him for a number of years. Whether dead or alive I am not able to say. ELI H. RICHARDSON volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 2r)th, 1S62, and joined Highgate company on the day of its organization, took an active part in the orgaization of the company, and was much interested in the selection of company officers. Was at this time 3.5 years of age, a married man, and occupation carpenter and millwright. He was born and brought up in Fairfax, Vt., and married Miss Lucia A. Lowell of Fairfax, in 1855, and moved to Swanton in 1856. He was a rugged and powerfully built man. vigorous and active at the time of his enlistment, five feet seven inches tall, gray eyes and brown hair, a man of very correct habits, a devoted Christian and an honorable and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Likely no man in Company K more tenaciously held to and openly maintained his religous convic- tions and the tenets "of his church than Comrade Richardson. He was strictly honest and conscientious, and practiced the Golden Rule in the army as at home, and could not see any reason for loosening moral obligations while a soldier. He was inclined to be taciturn and only rebuked his careless comrades by his upright and straight- forward conduct. He taught by example rather tlian precept. In his tent the morning and evening prayer was observed, and due attention was given to the customary prayer meeting of his church in different tents, by regular appointments. There were quite a number of the same church in Company K, and in the regiment who co-operated with him in maintaining religious service in the camp. He was a faithful soldier, and a most zealous patriot, and would not favor Bluyra[>hical and Historical of Company K. 743 war only as the last resort to overthrow a great wrong and maintain government, when assailed by foes within or without. He believed that slavery of the colored man was a most wicked institution, and a disgraceful stain on our otherwise humane and magnificent government, and had in early manhood devoutly dedicated his life in the service of his master in the work of human freedom and equality. He, like many others, freely volunteered responding to the behest of strong convictions. He would not be swerved a hair's breadth from the dictates of his well educated and trained conscience, such was Comrade Richardson. His health was generally good and seldom absent from roll call, or asked to be excused from duty. He contracted a severe cold at Wolf Run Shoals, and was laid up with jaundice at Camp Occoquan or Carusi. He was quite sick for a number of weeks, but remained in his tent, and there was attended by the surgeon and cared for by his tentmates. He recovered and marched with his regiment to Gettysburg and courageously did his duty during that severe battle. He was wounded by a piece of shell on the counter charge against General Pickett's serried columns, though not seriously, and did not leave the field until the fighting was over. He carried his arm in a cling for a few days, and followed with his regiment in the pursuit of General Lee's retreating army, until July 9th, when by reason of expiration of term of service, the regiment was detached and sent home by way of Baltimore, New York, New Haven and to Brattleboro, Vt., where Comrade Richardson was mustered out with his regiment, July 21st, 1863. None were more thankful than he, because a soldier in the army during the time of two of the most important events of modern history, namely. President Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation, and the great battle of Gettysburg. Comrade Richardson returned home to Swanton, resumed his occupation and place in society. For a number of years he manufactured and dealt in furniture. Disease contracted in the service and injuries received at Gettysburg developed into catarrhal consumption, which caused his death, March 20th, 1882, A modest head- stone marks the place where we laid him in Church Street cemetery, Swanton, Vt., and on each recurring Memorial Day his surviving comrades raise the Stars and Stripes above his grave as a token of love and affection and respect, for a brave and devoted soldier of the Republic. His widow with an adopted married daughter occupies the old home and still mourn the loss that so deeply saddened their hearts. From the date of Comrade Richardson's enlistment to the day of his death I saw him almost daily, and knew him well, and I know that I have but feebly spoken of his exemplary life and conduct. On page 415 will be seen his face as a soldier in 1862. HENRY ROBY volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers, September 11th. At this time his age was 35, and was a married man. He was born in Highgate, Vt., December 22nd,, 1828, educated in the district schools of his native town, married a sister of Calvin R. Hogle, of Swanton, and moved to Swanton village and at the time of his enlistment was a grocer merchant in a small way, in the building at the foot of the hill next to the old tannery. Roby was an able-bodied, and to all appearances a vigorous, strong man, and capable of much endurance. His trade was that of a carpenter and joiner, and was called a good mechanic. Complexion dark, hair and eyes dark. He was quite an Intelligent man, though his education was limited. He had a very genial and pleasant disposition, was full of fun and funny stories, and enjoyed the reputation of being a likely man and good citizen. He entered heartily and enthusiastically into the new life of soldiering and tried hard to learn the new duties that must be acquired in order to be a serviceable soldier. Military movements and drill, the handling of guns did not come natural to Comrade Roby, and it took him some time before he was fairly proficient, but he submitted cheerfully to instructions and found no fault when cau- tioned and told how to stand, step, march, shoulder and present arms, etc. He was generally liked by the boys, and never inclined to be disagreeable or say or do any- thing out of the way. I found him to be an honorable and straightforward man, fully determined to do his duty at all times. Comrade Roby after a while was detailed as cook of Company K, which was no easy job, for three meals a day for 100, and have all satisfied, not only required labor and skill as well as tact, for some were all the time finding fault about the cooking, because it was not like mother's at home. Comrade Roby filled the place of cook as well as any we had and continued as head cook until taken sick at Camp Widow Violet some time in May. His wife came from Vermont to care for him, and moved him out a mile or so to a house where he had more comfortable quarters, and of course, good care. Was hard sick for some three weeks, but recovered and was soon all right again, but not as rugged as before, but resumed his place and duty and was faithful to the end. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and re- turned to his home and family at Swanton, and continued for a season in the grocery business. He moved to Highgate Springs and then to Highgate village, and for a 744 ■^ /''■ Tliirti-i-nlii Kcyiiiwiit I cniionl I oluntccis lime run a shop munufacturiiig sash, doors and blinds, and then to St. Albans City, and finally to St. Albans Day. and there died April ]4th, IS'Jj. He was buried in the Hay Cemetery between St. Albans City and the Hay. A headstone marks his grave. He was buried with Grand Army honors and many were present to pay their last respects and grateful appreciation to the memory of a brave man and respectable citizen. His widow survived him only a few years, and now their mortal remains lay side by side where husband and wife are re-united and pain and sorrow never enter to mar their immortal bliss. Two sons survive and reside in St. Albans, City, Vt., Oscar and Herbert. On page 41.") will be seen the face of Henry Roby in a war time picture on the right as you look at the picture the shorter and smaller man. The other liailey B. Hronson, associate cook of Company K, and also Comrade Roby, taken a short time before his death. PATRICK SHAHEY enlisted from the town of Highgate about September 11th, 1862, and joined Highgate company on the same day. which was the day of the election of company officers. His age was 19. birth jilace, England, and occupation a farmer. His father and mother were Irish and Pat was 'Irish too. " though born in England. He was the only wild Irishman of our company, and he was a good one. hilarious and bubbling over with Irish wit and funny rhymes and odd sayings all the time. He wrote what he called poetry, a long jingle on the officers of the regiment of Company K, which had some merit, because of the inborn wit and peculiar combination of words and outlandish references, but one was compelled to laugh to hear him repeat his numerous verses, all intended on his part as complimentary, for Pat was the last man that would be discourteous to his superiors. He was the life of our company when weary on the march or homesick in camp. He seemed to enjoy every hour no matter what the surroundings, was happy himself and did his best to make others so. He was the soul of honor in all his relations, and keenly appreciated the purposes expected of him as a soldier. In battle, true to the Irish trait, was a bold, aggressive and fearless fighter. During the battle of Gettysburg was cool, alert and valiant as any. I recall with pleasant recollections his courageous conduct, for I had wondered how he would act under fire, and so took notice of him many times during the battle. While it Is true Company K had many brave boys in its ranks, none displayed more manly courage in the desperate charge against Pickett's charging columns than Comrade Sheahy. In that historic charge he fairly won a medal, though likely never asked for, or was one awarded him. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and re- turned to his home in Highgate. His comrades parted with him with kind regards and good wishes for happiness and success. What became of him I have not been able to ascertain. He is supposed to be dead. PHILIP R. SMITH enlisted from Highgate about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate Company on the day of the election of company officers September 11th. His age was 23, born in Highgate and was by occupation a farmer. He was tall, lank and lean, but able bodied, vigorous and strong, well fitted and adapted for the life required ot one as a soldier at this time. He was good natured, and enjoyed a joke, and was full of fun, always ready for desultory tramping outside of camp in pursuit of knowledge that might later be useful when anxious for a change of diet. Nothing malicious or ugly in his manner, but with others had no confidence in the pretended loyalty of the so-called Unionists that lived near our several camps, and excused small appropriations of sweet potatoes, chickens, bacon, eggs, etc.. on the theory that all such were contraband, and ought to be seized, because the owners ■nere the enemies of our government, whose rights we were not bound to respect. Phil was a good soldier, good fighter and a good fellow, •was slow to anger, moderate in speech, slow in his movements and considered carefully before acting. He was good on the march, never fell out, and would reach the end as fresh as any. The seven days' march to Gettysburg in sunshine and storm through mud and water, across fields of growing grain, over fences and on the gravelly macadam pike was accomplished with comparative ease and without a murmur. I admired and almost envied his endurance. Inasmuch as a well written tribute to his memory prepared by his life long friend and comrade. Henry B. Meigs, appears on another page of this book. I will omit further comment. This article written by Comrade Meigs will be found on page .... See Roster. His picture is on page 415. rr.w^ SAMUEL A. SMITH was a recruit from Franklin, Vt., and volunteered about September 1st, 1862. My first introduction was on the day that -we met at Highgate for the organization and Biographical and Historical of Company K. 745 election o£ company officers. His age was 30, but short, small and thin. He claimed his birthplace was Chateaugay, N. Y., and was a married man calling himself an artist, five feet four inches tall, complexion and hair light, and eyes blue. His general appearance did not augur well for army life, and did not look like a man able ta endure what was then required, and it did not seem to me that he would pass the medical examination, but he did and Dr. Stevens only saying that he was a little short. He was quite active and took considerable interest in the drills we had for the eighteen or twenty days we remained at Highgate. He was older than the most of us, and was wiser too, and did make himself quite agreeable. He went with us to Brattleboro September 29th, and was there again examined and was mustered into the United States service. 1 remember very well when Company K stood up in line in that long wooden building prepared for the purpose, all stark naked for medical examination by United States surgeons. Samuel A. was with us and had it not been for his good running and vaulting leaps over the high box prepared for the purpose, I believe he would have been rejected. They looked him over pretty carefully and had there not been several of the same measure, etc., no doubt would have been finally rejected. Comrade Samuel A continued with the company doing duty like others all right until about the time we marched to Fairfax Court House in December. On the march in the night from Camp Vermont to Union Mills about November 25th or the return, am not certain. Samuel claimed he stepped into a hole amd sprained his ankle; no one knew anything about it only what he claimed. From that time he began to limp, but no outer signs of break or sprain, and yet he insisted that his ankle was hurt, and he complained of continuous pain. He hopped around on one foot for a while, then with a crutch and cane, moved carefully, using his injured foot and ankle but little. He remained in camp a long time because he was not able to convince the surgeons that there had been any such injury as represented. He soon began to walk on one side of his foot in such a way that he must have suffered each step taken. All of Company K must remember how he hobbled to and from the cook's tent, but he could eat his share and grew fat, notwithstanding his injury. Some of the boys were incredulous and thought he was playing off, in order that he might be sent to some general hospital in Alexandria or Washington. Some claimed when he was where he could not be seen, he had no trouble about walking. I only know he limped about camp for a long time and was finally sent to either Alexandria City or Washington and iilaced in a hospital. The most of us believed he was fishing for a discharge and expected he would succeed. We saw no more of Samuel A. until about two days after we arrived at Brattleboro on our way home. To our great surprise and disgust into the barracks occupied by Company K walked Samuel limping still. The boys were mad at the sight of him and began firing questions as to how many battles he had been in. and if he had been shot in the foot and so on, made it so warm for him that he sought protection of Captain Blake. The boys had served their time and faced the deadly cannon at Gettysburg and endured the seven days' march, and suffered hunger and thirst and were now home again and had no use for one who they thought had played off. Captain Blake knew about Smith and felt about him as did the boys, and did not try to stop the gibes so freely made. The captain heard the disturbance, came and peeped in through the door and watched the pro- ceedings. Smith was earnestly requested to stand up on both feet and walk a crack. He pleaded, begged, saying he could not, but none were in a mood to be longer fooled by him. He walked the crack as upright and well as any could and then how the boys cheered and clapped hands and stamped feet and urged him to enlist and apply for a pension, until we were all tired. We did him no personal injury, but had some fun at his expense. We warned him that he must not be seen limping any more. He walked all right after that and was mustered out with the rest of the regiment and returned to Franklin where he remained for a short time and then moved out West. The last heard from him was some fifteen years ago he was in the state of Missouri. He wrote to Captain Blaice for assistance about procuring a pension for injuries Incurred in line of duty. Captain Blake answered in substance that he had while in the service succeeded in deceiving him, the regimental surgeon and those at the general hospital so completely that he did not believe he needed any of his help ■ to procure a pension. None of us, to my know-ledge, have heard from him since. We presume he is still alive, for such as he seldom die young and quite likely he is in receipt of a good liberal pension. RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT volunteered and counted on the quota of the town of Swanton, August 20th, 1862. Was present and took part in the election of company officers of Highgate company, September 11th, 1862. Was born in Wey bridge. Vt.. September 3rd. 1838. My parents moved to Fairfield, Vt.. in March, 1S60. I entered Bakersfield Academy September 1st, 1860, attending school from term to term and teaching until volunteering .\ugust 20th, 1862. Was educated in the common schools (district and select) of my native town and Bakersfield .\cademy. At the time of enlistment I called myself a teacher, though 74^ 11'^ Tliirlcenth Regivient I'ermont I'uluntcers brought up to the occupation of a farmer, and by trade a iiainter. My height was live feet ten inches, fairly well proportioned, straiglit and active, healthy and vigorous, light complexion, brown eyes and blacli hair, fairly well fitted for any reasonable amount of endurance. From the day of enlistment took an active interest in all ni:itl<-rs connected with Highgate company, subsequently called Company K, and was with the company and regiment from date of enrollment until mustered out July 2lBt, 1803. In camp studious and somewhat reserved. 1 was easily engaged in argument and was quite earnest and tenacious, and was called by the boys of Company K as its lawyer, though at that lime had no thought of following that profession. Military drill, squad, company and regimental, brigade inspection, dress parade, picket duty and marching I enjoyed, but guard duty in and about camp I abhorred, and generally escaped it; was quite willing to do most anything else. I was often given a furlough to visit Washington, Alexandria. Mount Vernon, nearby battlefields, camps of other Vermont regiments, and other places of interest. Was with the com- pany and regiment on the seven days' march to Pennsylvania, and participated in the great battle of Gettysburg. I came out all right, though considerably frightened many times during the battle. 1 was in it and happy when the battle was over. Have wondered many times since why I was able to remain in the ranks until the battle was over. 1 had enlisted understanding fully the consequences, and realized that in a fight the rank and file were expected to stand up, face the danger and do their best. I have never claimed only ordinary courage, and I am thankful it was sufficient for the crisis of battle. My parents, Jeremiah Sturtevant and Sarah Sturtevant, were born in Vermont; father in Wey bridge and mother in Fairfield. They were married in ISS."?, April 12th. Father was born in 1812 and died October 29. 1888. Mother born in 1813, June 7, and died November 10, 1893, and both are buried in the South Main St. Cemetery, old ground, St. Albans. Vt. Grandparents born in Vermont. Great-grandparents born in Fairfield, Conn., and were among the first settlers of Vermont, about 1773, on the banks of Otter Creek, within the limits of what is now Weybridge. My father's family consisted of four girls and four boys, Orissa, Abbie, Ralph O., Mary Ann, John H., Rosaltha, Ryland and Jed A.; all dead except Orissa, Ralph O., and Jed A. John H. died from a mortal wound at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, and is buried in the South Main Street cemetery in the family lot. I was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned home to Fairfield, Vt., and in the fall resumed study at Bakersfield Academy. The Gettys- burg campaign disqualified me for further service. I commenced the study of law in the fall of 1865, and was in the office with Judge Wilson and M. R. Tyler of Bakers- field, and Edward A. Sowles of St. Albans, and was admitted to the Franklin County Bar in July, 1867. Opened an office in Swanton, November 11th, 1S69, at this date, January, 1909, am still engaged in the practice of law. My sketch of personal experiences will be found on pages ... and .... See Roster. My pictures taken in 1861 and 1864 are on page 420 and one of 1908, see Roster for page. I was a private in Company K, carried a gun and used it at Gettysburg as well as I could. I have never fired a gun since the battle, and have had no desire to do so. I was a soldier, not for money or office, glory or renown, nor because I expected to enjoy the fighting or the horrid sights and scenes of battle. I was young, single, physically able, and my country was assailed, and 1 felt it a personal duty to respond and therefore volunteered. Hundreds of thousands did the same; I commend them for it. It was a duty. I joined the Masonic Order after enlistment and before being mustered into the United States service, and have since the war attained many degrees including the 32nd degree of Scottish Rights. I also joined early in life, 1865, the Independent Order of Good Templars, held some of its offices, and was for two years Grand Worthy Chief Templar of the Grand Lodge of Vermont. I represented Vermont Good Templars at the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of the world at its session held at London, England, July. 1873. I am also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Am still an active member in all of these organizations, to which I have given much time and hearty support thus far. I am also a member of the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association, and for one year was its duly elected President, which position I considered honorable and complimentary. At the annual reunion of the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association, held at Burlington, Vt., was elected historian of the regiment and authorized to write the history of the regiment and cause the same to be published for distribution. .\ brief genealogical sketch will be found on page .... See Roster. FREEMAN H. SUNDERLAND volunteered from the town of Highgate about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate company on the date of its organization, September 11th. His age at this time was 40, married, and occupation a farmer, carpenter and joiner. Five feet seven inches tall, a well built, strong and active man. complexion light, blue eyes and brown hair. He was born in Highgate and his education was acquired in the district schools of B'wgrapliical and Historical of Coiiipany K. 747 his native town. Was a man well spoken o£ by his neighbors, of good habits, honest, faithful and industrious, courteous, a generous disposition and always aimed to do right. While still active, the march, drill and the manual of arms seemed difficult to acquire, and was excused from regular duties in part, and permitted to act as company washerwoman (in this he was a success). He did the washing for Company K and for many others of the regiment, officers as well privates, but Company K boys came first, charging only a small fee for his labor. He had some pretty difficult jobs, especially when woolen shirts and seams of trousers were alive with body lice and nits, as occasionally was the case with the careless. These body lice were called graybacks. and were a kind that few, if any, had had any experience with or heard about before enlistment, but our washerwoman soon learned the only way of exter- mination and save the clothes. He would wash thoroughly, then dash them into boiling water, and then out into cold water as quick as possible, backward and forward a few times, w'as sure death as he said. His knowledge was the result acquired by repeated experiments. This sudden change was as good as fire and completely cleansed the garments and killed the parasites.. Comrade Sun- derland had a tent nearby a brook or spring where he successfully and satisfactorily washed and dried for all that applied, and he was kept busy most all the time. He took pains not to mix up the clothing, for only a few of Company K were lousy, and they not long. Perhaps it would be a little invidious to call names here as to who enjoyed that distinction; most of you know, especially those who experienced the night exploring by candle light in searching their garments for the cause of so much itching. Some went to Surgeon Nichols and he said, "You have got parasites," and John Mollo, of Company K wanted to know what kind of disease you call him. The doctor smiled and replied, "Lice, body lice." Mollo said, "O: nie know now, much no harm, them little fellows, just make scratch all night, some." It was risky to camp even for a single night on an old camp ground, and it was always avoided by our Colonel when he knew. After Gettysburg battle quite a number of us for the first time discovered a ravenous grayback or two roaming around in search for a company or a tender spot to camp and feast. Surgeon Nichols after the battle of Gettysburg and when the regiment had reached Baltimore by order of Colonel Randall, returned to Washington, visited the several hospitals, gathered up all of our regiment and started with them for Vermont, arriving a day or so after the regiment had reached Brattleboro, among which was Comrade Sunderland, glad and happy to grasp the hands of his comrades and patrons. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st. 1863, returned home to his family, and resumed his occupation and was for many years a busy man. His son, George, who was with him in Company K, and a few years after the war, was taken sick and finally went to Florida seeking health, but soon died. This was a great sorrow and continuous grief for the father. George was his dearly beloved son, and his death almost broke the parents' heart. Comrade Sunderland has ever lived an honorable and respected life. He is still quite hale, and active for one so old. I see him often. He lives in Georgia, Vt., about two miles south of St. Albans City. A generous government has paid Comrade Sun- derland a pension for many years, and is now receiving $24.00 per month, sufficient to furnish him the necessities and some of the comforts of life. A war time picture and one of later date will be seen on page 4iri-417, also an autobiographical on page .... See Roster. GEORGE H. SUNDERLAND volunteered from his native town, Highgate, on tlie 29th of August. 1862, and joined Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers at the age of 16, but erroneously reported on the rolls as 17. He was tall, lean and appeared and looked older than 16, was an active, fine looking young man, and appeared very anxious to be a soldier and join the army. He was a quiet and peacable boy and at all times did his best to comply with the exacting duties of soldier life, talked but little, and was inclined to bashfulness and shyness. He tented with his father, and mingled but little with the company, except when on duty, but always friendly and pleasant. He took pride in keeping his person clean, and his clothing neat, tidy and in order. His gun. straps, buckles and buttons were always bright and glistening. He was a good shot, and for hitting the bullseye at target practice at Wolf Run Shoals camp, with one other of the regiment, was excused from duty by order of Colonel Randall for two weeks. Comrade Sunderland was taken sick with measles in camp at Wolf Run Shoals, but remained in his tent and was cared for by his father and soon recovered. He stood the march to Gettysburg very well, though like nearly all was nigh tired out and used up before reaching that field. I was near him during the battle and am now pleased to say that he was brave and fought as valiantly as any, and won for himself an enviable name and unstinted praise from his officers and comrades. It is difficult, as I now recall the scenes of that fearful struggle and all that we passed through to comprehend how one so young could have so manfully and courageously endured such a test of impending danger. 74^^ /lit' I'hirU-cnth Rcyimcnt I'crmoiit Volunteers Comrade Sunderland was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned home, went to school for a while, and in due season married, and was happy. Ills health failing he went to Florida in 1S75, hoping to re- cover, and died there December 13, 1875, and was there buried, and re- liable information comes from friends there that on each Memorial Day beau- tiful flowers are scattered over his grave and the flag he so valiantly defended is raised above his remains as a token of respect for one who volunteered that his country might survive. A war time i)icturc of George H. will be seen on page 417, taken with his father while they were l)()t!i in the service JOHN THIBODEAU volunteered from Highgate, but counted on the quota of the town of Grand Isle, as a substitute for James H. Donaldson, of Grand Isle, on the ]6th of September, 1862, and on the same day joined Highgate company. His age was 23 and married, occupa- tion a farmer, born in Canada, fair complexion, light hair and blue eyes, short but stout in build, very active and vigorous, nationality French, but could speak very good English. Comrade Thibodeau was the happiest recruit and most vociferous Frenchman in Company K, and likely in the regiment. He was full of the "Old Nick" awake or asleep, not quarrelsome or ugly, but seemed bound to keep something stirred up all the time. It was a wonder when he took time to sleep for others in the same tent or near him surely could not sleep. He was on hand for any duty and was willing to go on any call anywhere, night or day. He had no fear about being shot or captured, certainly was no coward. He was inclined to be hilarious, and was pushing and hauling some of the boys around all the time, which was not agreeable at all times. John, on one occasion, returning from Washington and Alexandria, was more happy than when he left camp, the cause 1 need not mention. Comrade Thibodeau was never happier than when outside of camp visiting farm houses to see if anything about could be apjiropriated. He claimed, especially if any girls about, that he was a single man. He was quite cute and cunning and tried to appear honest and innocent, but could not always succeed in this role, for chickens, etc., were too often his ration, and were found now and then in his tent. I presume that he bought them, if he had money, otherwise he made some trade or dicker by which he obtained possession of them. He was a genial, generous, good natured fellow, ever willing to divide his last hard tack, chicken or bone with any of his com- rades. Often went on duty to accommodate some one else that had been detailed for picket or guard duty, that did not feel well enough to go. He was never absent from roll call, dress i>arade. or on the march. Likely no one of Company K had a better time than Comrade Thibodeau while he was in the service. When cautioned or chided would say. "I am one of Vncle Sam's boys, and have a right to confiscate just a little hen and bacon when tired and hungry." On the seven days' march to Gettysburg he was often seen carrying some over tired comrade's gun to encourage and help him along. He was at his best in action, and as brave and courageous in battle as hilarious and boisterous in camp. His real purpose for which he volunteered was as well and faithfully performed as by any of his comrades. He was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in Highgate, where he now lives. He has through life been a hard working, indiistrious man, having followed the occupation of a mason. I see him quite often and he always refers to the good old days when we were in the army, and what a nice time we had in camp, on the banks of Occoquan River. He is much the same now, so far as happy disposition, and is bound to have a good time when out for a day's recreation. His reputation for honesty and industry is on an average with men generally. Pictures of him will be found on page .... BYRON TULLER volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 28th, 1862. and joined Highgate company on the day of election of company officers. His age was 22. and a married man. five feet nine inches tall, solid in build, active and strong, blue eyes, rather dark complexion and brown hair. He was born in Swanton and his education was acquired in the common schools of his native town. His father was a thrifty man and farmer and Byron was his only son. He had been quite carefully and tenderly brought up. and had lived at home, enjoyed many privileges that other boys did not. The hardship and vicissitudes of life he knew but little of. At the time of his enlist- ment he was living on the Isaac Comstock farm, and near neighbor to Comrade Corn- stock of hospital fame About 1878 he sold the farm on which he had lived many years, and moved to Highgate, Vt., bought out and run a saw mill until 1890. and then moved to Brook- lyn, N. Y.. and there engaged in business for a number of years. He died quite sud- denly in 1S93. and was buried in He left a widow. Fannie Jackson Tuller and two sons, Edward and Howard. His two sisters, Bertha Stilphen, of Biographical and Historical of Company K. 749 Swanton and Abbie Marvin, of New York, are still living. Comrade Tuller was very much inclined to be reserved and did not mingle very freely with his comrades, except those of his tentmates and particular friends. He was at times homesick and very melancholy. On the whole his disposition was uneven, yet was always pleasant and kind and enjoyed the good will and respect of all of Company K. He was promoted to Corporal just before we started on the long march to Gettysburg. His shoes wore out on the march and for a while went barefoot until we arrived at Adamstown or Emmitsburg, where he bought or procured a new pair. Hi Smith found them as I recall in some store, but Byron reached the battlefield in average condition for fight- ing. His pride and courage enabled him to face cannon and bristling bayonets. Pat- riotism indeed, induced him to volunteer. High regard for discipline made him faithful in the discharge of duty in camp, on the march, and the picket line and secured pro- motion. He was conscientious to the cause of the Union which made him brave in battle. JEREMIAH VANCELLETT volunteered from the town of Swanton August 29th, 1S62, and joined Highgate com- pany on the day of its organization, September 11th. His age was 37, and a married man. Was born in Canada, but came when a boy w'ith his father to Swanton and lived there until his enlistment. Nationality French, and occupation Jack of all trades. He was six feet tall, straight, strong, lean and lank and at this time still active and sup- ple. He had a kind and generous disposition and was always ready to lend a helping hand when opportunity occurred. Was desirous of doing his full duty, and ready for work ■or drill at any time. Was patronizing in his way, and thought there never was a man like Captain Blake. He was the best man in the company with ax, hatchet or spade, and could build a log house, stockade a tent, split trees for flooring, and make corduroy roads and fix up fire places and build stick and mud chimneys, clear up camp ground, etc., better than any other man of Company K. All of this he seemed to enjoy, and was generally busy in doing some of this kind of work. If the cooks wanted any trees cut down tor fire wood, Jerry was the man first called. He was a very useful soldier in camp, ■was always peaceable and submissive, attended strictly to his own business, never' said much unless unduly harassed and bothered by some one who wanted to stir up a little commotion. Jerry never wandered alone tar from camp. He heard of Mosby and his gang, and did not propose to be gobbled up if he could avoid it. He thought a good deal of home and was anxious to return, and looked forward to the time with anxiety and hope. He seemed to have the usual amount of courage and gave promise of facing the cannon's mouth when that day should come. I never thought him anxious to go into battle. He remained with the regiment and performed his duties faithfully and well and endured the long hard march to Gettysburg as cheerfully as any. He knew with the rest that we were on the way to intercept the army of General I.,ee and in all probability would see plenty of fighting. Jerry stood up well in the fight, until his tentmate, John MoUo, was shook up and knocked down by an exploding shell, when on a charge from Cemetery Hill to the broken front battle line on the left center, about sundown on the second day of the battle. Here Jerry stopped to ■console his tentmate, Mollo, on his escape from sudden 'death, and while doing so. Company K moved rapidly ahead leaving Jerry and Mollo behind. Soon after dark Jerry came and reported he had assisted Mollo to the rear, and that he was more scared than hurt. The next day when the order was given to move up to the low rail fence breastwork that had been placed there during the forenoon, Jerry remained behind the stonewall for a little more opportune time, for shrapnel filled the air with deadly missies, and it was dangerous to move, or even stay anywhere about that part of the field. When the order was given to advance on General Pickett's approaching columns, Jerry did not hear it (so he said), and when he lifted up his head to take a look his company and regiment could not be seen and Jerry lost the honor and glory of standing side by side with his comrades in the famous charge, but Jerry reported next day to Captain Blake that he started to follow and fell in with the Sixteenth Regiment, and fought with them till the battle was over. Captain Blake inquired, "Did you get hit?" "No," said he, but came gol darn close to it." I thought from Captain Blake's looks that he did not take much stock in poor Jerry's gallant fighting in the Sixteenth Regiment. The Sixteenth Regiment was near by and in sight of us only a little to our left all the while, and pretty well mixed up with us when we met and crossed bayonets with the most advanced of Pickett's dashing and valorous heroes of many battles. None could dispute Jerry's story, nor could any one as we could find confirm it. He appeared a little ashamed and mortified because most were decidedly incredulous concerning his story, but Jerry had stood up and fought well most to the end at least, and w-e allowed his version to pass. He was in the line of march' in pur- suit of General Lee's army retreating to Middletown, Md. He was happy when the order came to start for "Vermont. Jerry took good care not to be lost again. He arrived with his company at Brattleboro, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863, and returned home thankful that he was alive. 750 I hi' Jliirti-ciilli RcyimcHt I cniioiil I itlnntccrs Jerry was not fully satisfied with the past. His patriotic zeal and undaunted courage and the gory Held of Gettysburg did not prevent him from enlisting again December 30th, 1863. He was now assigned to duty and it does not appear that he was over mustered into the United States service again. He stands in the Adjutant General's reports as an unassigned recruit. He was discharged from the hospital at Burlington, Vt., April 20th, 18G5. What Jerry was doing or where he was, not able to ascertain with certainty, after his second enlistment. He returned to Swanton and resumed his place in society, claimed he went as far as Baltimore, was taken sick, went into a hospital where he received medical care, and was put to work and re- mained there for a considerable time, drew pay for some time, and was sent from there to Burlington, Vt., and placed in a hospital there. Here he remained for a while, and was finally discharged as above stated. That he was not assigned to any company or regiment, and did not go as far as Washington, was not able to explain why. He supposed he was in the service as a regular soldier. He was not ever able to say whether he w-as ever mustered into the United States service or not. He remained in Swanton a few years until about 1880, then moved with his son, Joseph, to Massa- chusetts, where he died some twelve years ago. JAMES WALKER volunteered from the town of Highgate about August 30th, 1862, and joined the High- gate company on the day of the election of officers, and was mustered Into the United States service at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10th, 1S62. His age was 38, five feet nine inches tall, rather dark complexion, blue eyes and brown hair, and by trade a black- smith and a married man. He was born in Scotland, and said his mother was Irish, and therefore James was a Scotch Irishman or an Irish Scotchman. The peculiar traits of both nationalities appeared in his character. 1 never saw a more perfectly built and well proportioned man. The muscles of his arms stood out and appeared as strong as bands of steel; his whole makeup indicated one of the best possible specimens of physical development and strength capable of the severest tests of endurance and hardship, a model recruit for the active life of a soldier. He was in the prime of life, and his trade or occupation had inured him to continuous feats of strength and exhaustive tests of endurance. Such was James Walker physically. His education was limited and yet an intelligent person, quite w-ell informed and conversant with the causes leading up to armed rebellion. He had the wit of an Irishman, acumen of a Scotchmen, and yet he was gentle and kind, frank, outspoken, generous and courteous always. He never shrank from, or tried to escape duty, w-as never overbearing or aggressive with his comrades, nor tried in any manner to use his great strength to the disadvantage of his associates. He took pride and pleasure in reciting jioems of Bobby Burns, as he called him. He was ardent and faithful and in his place at all times, was somewhat reserved, but never morose. He was cheerful, and tried to make others the same, was sympathetic and companionable. The march, raid, picket duty and battle had no terrors for him. The seven days' march to Gettys- burg was made with comparative ease and without a w'ord of complaint. I saw him often on the march and envied his physical endurance. He was generally seen assist- ing some tire.d comrade of our company in carrying his gun or knapsack. In battle was cool and fearless, giving no attention to the dreadful carnage about him. An army composed of such would be well nigh invincible on any field of battle. His prowess and example insi)ired courage and stimulated the faltering in the crisis of the dashing bayonet charge against the foe. I here crown him with the well earned title of noble and valiant. He was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., 1863, and returned to his home and occupation in East Highgate, where he resided for quite a number of years. He died in in IS... EDWIN C. WILSON was one of Franklin's enthusiastic volunteers and enlisted about the last day of August, 1862, and joined Highgate company the day of the election of officers, Sep- tember nth, 1862. His age was 31. and a single man. horn in Franklin, and educated in the common schools of his native town. He was brotight up on a farm, and that was his occupation at the time of enlistment. Five feet ten inches, stoutly built, and was active and vigorous, and to all appearances well fitted for life in the army. I remember him first as very much interested in the election of his friend, CarmI Marsh to office in our company. He was quite persistent and a determined fellow, and had a mind of his own, and on all questions he freely offered his opinions. He was older than the most of us, and therefore wiser in all matters, except the business we were then engaged in, of war. He was green as the rest of us. He was mustered into the TTnlted States service at Brattleboro, October 10th, 1S62. Comrade Wilson never ran away from duty, and yet he never refused a pass or furlough or a day or two off to visit Washington and other places in interest. He and Adjutant Whitney Biographical and Historical of Company K. 751 were warm friends, and for a long time Comrade Wilson was detailed at Adjutant Whitney's tent for duty, but soon after Whitney's promotion to the captaincy of Company H, the last of January, 1863, Wilson returned to the company for duty, and thereafter remained with them until mustered out. He was promoted corporal just before we started on the march northward to inter- cept General Lee's army, then marching down the Shenandoah valley on their way to capture Washington. Though this promotion was of no particular honor, it was evidence of the appreciation that the captain entertained for his faithful service and qualifications for such a position. He would have made, no doubt, a good commis- sioned officer, but there were not enough commissions to go around, and some of Company K must therefore be disappointed. If Comrade Wilson had continued in the service to the close of the war, he would have been advanced step by step until shoulder straps adorned his person. He was active on the march and could scent a battle far away. Not a comrade of Company K who saw Corporal Wilson in the fight at Gettysburg will question his intrepid conduct during the mighty struggle for victory. Because of him and those like him, we were able to stem the tide and win the turning battle for the cause of right and the Union. Comrade Wilson was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, "Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned home to Franklin where he still resides. I see him occasionally. He is still hale and happy and with an ever increasing pride, is more than thankful that he volunteered and served his country in the darkest days of the Rebellion. Since the above was written Comrade Wilson has responded to the final call. He died in Berkshire, Vt., in 1908. JOHN M. WINTERBURN volunteered from the town of Highgate August 29th, 1862, and joined Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers, September 11th, 1862. His age was 17, born in St. Armand, Canada, blue eyes, brown hair, five feet six inches high, but very slim, and weighed less than a hundred pounds. He was an active boy and ready and willing. At the time of his enlistment was an orphan and a sister was his only relative living. His father was born in England and his mother in Ireland. Comrade Winterburn's father moved to Kranklin county when John was one year old, so he was about the same as having always lived in Vermont, and in fact was in a border town in sight of Vermont, and where he breathed Vermont air as it came from the south. His education was in the common schools of Vermont, and his impressions as to right and wrong and teachings as to honesty, sobriety, morality and reverence were those that characterize the natives of the Green Mountain State. Young Winter- bum was a very zealous volunteer. He had heard his father tell of being a British soldier for many years, and this left impressions that no doubt made John a more patriotic boy, and filled his heart with ambition to serve in the war of his father's adopted country. He had the appearance of being well brought up, and at once took active part in all matters pertaining to the new life before him. He was mustered into the United States service at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10th, 1862. Colonel Randall detailed him while at Brattleboro as one of the regimental markers, and he of course drew a flag to carry Instead of a gun. We all remember him on the run from place to place, the little flag fluttering in the breeze as he has- tened to plant his guidon on the spot indicated by Colonel Randall. He was faithful and trusty and held the position until the regiment was mustered out at Brattleboro, July 21st, 1863. His position in the regiment was often arduous and sometimes dan- gerous, but Johnnie, as we called him, never flinched or faltered. An autobiographical sketch of some length appears on page .... See Roster which will account for my not commenting further here. As he looked when a soldier and now will be seen by turning to page 414. WILLIAM A. WRIGHT volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and became a member of Highgate company at its organization, September 11th. He was at this time 26 years old and a married man, born in Massachusetts, five feet eight inches high, straight, well built, sturdy and strong, physically calculated for hardship and great endurance. He was a comparative stranger to all the boys in the company, not having resided long in Swanton prior to his enlistment. He appeared and acted like a man of good character and intentions, and was at all times a faithful soldier. Was not as social and full of life and fun as Company K boys generally, but was good natured, pleasant, and made no trouble. He was, when in the ranks on inspection or dress parade, a fine looking soldier, neat and clean, attended strictly to business, never lopping and stumbling about or talking when military decorum demanded attention. He was promoted corporal from meritorious considerations. He stood the great march from Camp Carusi, Widow Violet or Occoquan to Gettysburg, Penn., as well as any, and showed fortitude and tenacity and determination to a sublime degree. No one of his company looked to see how exploding shell, the roar and din of battle, the furious charge, the rebel yell, the hand to hand struggle affected him, for none -^2 The Tliirtcriilli h'tyiiiiriit I 'criiumt I 'ulinili-rrs of lis expecti'd that he would bo overcome with fear or in auy manner hesitate to perform the full measure of duty reciuired in battle. Nobly and bravely did he fulfil the expfctalioiis of the officers and comrades of his company. Any man who passed through a battle like GettysburK is entitled ever after to be called valiant and heroic. He was mustered out with the regiment July lilst, ]8()3, and returned to civil life and was employed by the railroad and lived in St. Albans a few years and then went West, and the last heard from him he was in SpriuKfield, Mo. My letter to him dated March 8th, 1905, was not called for and returned, hence, I have not been able to ascertain if alive. JEREMIAH H. SEARL volunteered from the town of Swantoii. coniint; from his home in Fairfax, that he might go with some one he knew and liked. lie had lived in St. Albans for a year or more before enlistment, and worked in the railroad shops there, building and repairing freight cars., etc. My first acquaintance with him was in the summer of 1861. We attended for a short time the same church and Sabbath school, and were soon quite friendly. After 1 had volunteered I assisted Comrade Stephen F. Brown in looking up suitable persons to go with us. When I saw Hub, as we called him, he decided to go. Hub at the time of enlistment was 21, and a single man, six feet high, solid built and a strong, healthy young fellow, gray eyes and brown hair, fair com- plexion. He had a genial disposition, was kind hearted and generous, had been well brought up and was a devoted Christian. He was educated in the district schools of Fairfax, Vt. He had brothers and sisters and all have been dead for many years. Comrade Searl entered heartily into the duties of the new life and was anxious and zealous to become acquainted with all the duties required of him. He was quite large and logy, and a little awKward in drill, and in handling a gun agi-eeable to the rules laid down. He was upright and conscientious as a soldier, the same at home, and could not be induced to depart from home teachings on any account, nor wovild he take part or share of the amusements, he considered wrong, or join any pilfering excursion out among the so-called Unionists, who lived in the vicinity of our several camps. Soldier life did not influence him to change his creed, or code of morals. He used no vulgar or profane language, and no one ever heard him tell a story unfit to be heard. He had plenty of occasion during his army life to use cuss words, for he was one of our mule drivers. If any man could drive any of those three span mule teams, hitched to a great big wagon, heavily loaded, through Virginia mud and over corduroy roads from ten to twenty miles a day, with a yerk or single line, astride the off pole mule and not swear, his disposition would certainly approach the angelic. I saw^ him between Union Mills, the railroad station and our camp at Wolf Run Shoals with his team loaded down with food for the regiment who were anxiously waiting for it. but the wagon was stuck in the mud to the hubs, and the mules kicking and floundering in the freezing mud and water, and with all his efforts at coaxing, scolding and jerk of lines, lash of whip, and not able to move an inch, nor induce the mules to pull a pound and four miles from camp and almost sundown, and yet he used under such circumstances, no profane language. I suggested to him that the pole mules did not respond or understand his language, and likely the fellow that broke and drove them before they were turned over to him swore loud and long, when he wanted them .o do their best, and if it was my job I should try it. "Very- well," said he, "here is the line and whip, go in, I will get a pole and pry up this fore wheel and you may try the driving." We got out of that mud hole and reached camp a little after dark. No use trying to drive mules unless they understand what is wanted. It often happened when mud was thin and deep and mules were small and short, that Hub's feet when astride the off wheel mule would drag in the mud, but he then held up his feet in order to stay on. Comrade Searl was taken prisoner on the road from Camp Carusi to Union Mills or Fairfax Station, mules and all. but after giving him a few miles of mule back ride, the mule tired out and fell and Hub escaped and made his way back through trees and bushes to camp some time the next day. more frightened than harmed. He said the mule that he was compelled to ride was poor, raw boned, and balky, and had to ride bareback through the woods and on the jump and run. 1 observed that he stood up the most of the time for a day or two when about camp, and he was careful when he sat down, it was unnecessary for him to explain to me his trouble. We called Hub Doctor Searl, because he was an M. D. (Mule Driver) . It was claimed that Comrade Searl excelled in this most disagreeable and exacting branch of the service. He had been detailed for it and would not refuse or beg to be re- turned to his company. He continued in this branch of the service to the end. to the full satisfaction of those in charge of the wagon trains. He was mustered out with the regi- ment at rsrattleboro, Vt.. .Tuly 21st, 1863, and returned home, and in a little while com- menced work again for the railroad, company at St. Albans. In IS., he married, and lived very happy for a number, of years. One child, a son, was born to them, now living in The wife dipd and in a few years afterwards Comrade Searl married Cornelia Morey, sister of Lietitenant S. S. Morey, and in the year of .... Comrade Searl died and was buried in Richford, Vt. His picture will be found on page .... See Roster. i ^^ ■<< > ''■ --Si ; •i X -I. 4^' ^ G»»a!U>-;j>«ilr,ir ISO*. : .« ' » .jj, y».7v:A ;^x.- 13TH VERMONT PARTY AT HANCOCK STATUE, GETTYSBURG, PA., OCT. IG, 1908. 1. Hancock Statue. 17. v.. 13th Vermont Monu- 18. ment on Hancock Av3 . 19. T. l<\ Lonergan. 3. George D. Wright. 20. 4 J. N. Harmon. 21. 5. Z. H. McAllister. 22. Li. H Drake. (i. W. W. Holdeu. 23. 7. A. C. Brown. 24. S. H. O. Clark. 25. 0. S. W. Beni'amin 20. 1(», H. B. Meigs. 27. 11 K. J. Ormsbee. 2S. 1'>, C. S. Palmer. 29. 18 H. W. Allen. 30. 14 Albert Clarke. 31. J. U. Parwell. 1.T C. L. Marsh. 32. 16. Frank Kenfield. 33. in Merrill. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. I. Johnson. W. Towne. Mrs. A. H. Ryan. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 6&. 85. Charles Stone. 69 70. 71. 72. 7.S. 74. 70. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. Mrs. E. K. Sibley. 78. 79. 95. 96. Mrs. H. O. Clark. 80. 81. 97. 9.S. 82. W \v . Thompson. !)!). 83. !•; s Towne. 100. 84. 'flu- Tliirtccntli Rcqinicnt J'cniiniit I 'oliiiitccrs 753 THIRTEENTH VERMONT ASSOCIATION. IX the early summer of l.SSS. a consultation among a few members of the Thirteenth led to the following notice: "A reunion of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment will be held at Underbill. There will be a meeting of the surviving officers and mem- bers of the 13th Vt. Vols., at the Custer House, Underbill, Vt., June 15th, 1888, at one o'clock p. m.. for the purpose of forming a regimental association." The call was signed by Wm. D. Munson, L. F. Terrill, John H. Lyon, T. S. Whipple, H. W. Allen, J. B. Ellis, A. D. White and James B. Scully. The meeting was held as called and an association formed that has since met yearly. The results of the re-uniting, in a formal organization of this grand old regiment have been large. In the first place it was done in time to save the members from becoming strangers and from entire forgetfulness of each other. Indeed twenty- five years had so changed the personal appearance of the men that recognition in. many cases was impossible. But a renewed acquaintance and the most harmonious and cordial comradeship has been re-established by most of those living. Even those of our number residing in distant states have been located and communicated with from time to time. The object of this chapter is to record a history, in brief, of the work accomplished by this association, the places where reunions have been held and a recital of the principal acts performed at each. The first meeting, as mentioned above, was held at Underbill and was called to order by Lt.-Col. Wm. D. Munson. Lieut. Albert Clarke, Co. G, was elected chairman and James B. Scully, Secretary. Later Surgeon Geo. P. Nichols was made president: Col. Munson. vice-president; H. W. Allen, of Company A. treasurer. An executive committee of five members and a committee on constitution and by-laws was elected, Lieut. Clarke being a mem' her of the last named committee. The writer remembers a remark made by him at the time to the effect that it might be well enough to have some rules for our government, but he rather thought that "the small silken cord of affection would hold us together and govern our acts." True prophecy! No rules or by-laws were ever presented and none ever needed. Much business has been done with the utmost harmony prevailing. No bonds have been asked or given; none needed for our men are men of highest honor. The next meeting of the Association was held at Cambridge June 12th, 1889. Captain O. C. Wilder was elected president. Although this was a very pleasant and enjoyable meeting no business of especial importance was done. At Essex, June 18th, 1890, the third annual reunion was held. Lt.-Col. Munson was elected president. An important move was made at this time. A committee was elected, composed of one man from every company. Each was to supply the secre- tary with the names and post office addresses of the members of his company. Rev. Geo. H. Scott. Company G, gave an address on a theme most interesting to us, Gettys- burg." At Waterbury we next met June 17, 1891. E.x-Governor Dillingham welcomed us in a pleasant address and Comrade Albert Clarke gave an address on the service of the regiment. Captain John Lonergan was elected president for one year. At Montpelier June 1.5, 1892 the association next met and by this time had got into good working condition. Lt.-Col. Brown was made president. The present secre- tary was elected on the voluntary retirement of J. B. Scully from that office. Comrade Wm. O. White of Company H proposed that the 13th Regiment erect a monument to mark the grave of Colonel Randall and to commemorate the valor of a brave and loyal man. The matter was fully discussed after which Sergeant Gard- ner of Company H moved the election of a committee of ten to solicit funds for the purpose. The follow-ing were elected: James B. Scully of Company A; Z. H. Mc- Allister, of Company B; S. W. Benjamin, of Company C; John H. Lyon, of Company D; Captain Frank Kenfield, of Company E; L. F. Terrill, of Company F; Geo. W. Ladd. of Company G; J. .\. Stone, of Company H; Wm. W. Holden. of Company I: and R. O. Sturtevant, of Company K. There was also appointed a committee of three consisting of Surgeon Geo. Nichols, Wm. O. White and Captain Stephen P. Brown to select a design for the proposed monument . The committee of ten .-eported their organization as follows: S. W. Benjamin, treasurer; L. F. Terrill, chairman and John H. Lyon, secretary. The sixth reunion at Northfield June 22 and 23, 1893. was an important meeting. Dr. Nichols offered, at the opening the following resolution — the first and only one ever passed for the government of the association. Resolved — That the officers of this association are hereby empowered to exercise the functions of their respective 754 ^ '''' 1 liirtcciith Kcijitiiciit I 'cniioiit I 'uliiiilccrs officios until the dose of this iiMinioii. and that lieicallei- the tenure of office of all elective officers shall be from the final adjournment of the reunion at which they were elected until the close of the next succeeding reunion of this association. James H. Scully was elected president, and after other routine business was dispensed with, it was announced by President Brown that money sufficient to defray the cost of building and erecting a monument to the memory of Colonel Ilandall had been raised and tliat the monument was in place. The association proceeded with the exercises of dedication. The presentation to the regiment was made by Colonel lirown, and accepted by Wni. W. Holden in behalf of the regiment; remarks ai)pre- ciative of the generous action of the association were made by Rev. E. H. Randall; an oration on the life and work of Colonel Randall was then delivered by Lieut. Albert Clarke. The exercises were interesting and impressive. A iileasant incident of this meeting was the appearance before the association of Mrs. 11a Marsh .Johnson, who in 18U2, as a young girl attended by her father, sang to the officers of the regiment at Brattleboro and by them voted the "Daughter of the Regiemnt." At this second appearance, as a mature women, now also attended by her venerable father, she sang again to all the boys to their great delight and by whom she was greeted most cordially. A few months later when her untimely death was announced, an appreciative resolution of sorrow was passed thereon. At Rnosburg Falls, June 7, 1894, the next meeting was held and while no especially important business was done, the meeting was characterized as one of the most delightful and pleasant in some particulars of any yet held. The attendance of our men was large, w-hich with the citizens filled the opera hall in the evening where the cami>fire was held. Rev. E. H. Randall delivered an able address followed by other short addresses. A fine program of musical selections interspersed. The success of this reunion was largely due to the efforts of Lieut. C. L. Marsh who was elected president for the next year. At this meeting a contribution of |25 was voted to the Gen. Abner Doubleday monument fund. The association next met at Barre June 18, 1895, with an attendance of eighty- five Thirteenth men; a good meeting. In the afternoon an excursion was taken to the celebrated granite quarries by train. Wm. W. Holden was elected president for the coming year. Voted to meet next year at Underbill on the invitation of Comrades Whipple and Terriil. Accordingly met July 2, 1896. On arrival we were welcomed by the booming of cannon planted in a nearby field and flags waving in the breeze. R. O. Sturtevant of Company K was elected president. A measure was introduced at this meeting that has proved to be of far reaching interest to the 1.3th Vermont. It was as follows: Moved by H. O. Clark, of Company D— That the 13th Vermont Regimental Association erect a monument on the Battlefield of Gettysburg; that the incoming president shall appoint a committee of ten. exclusive of the president, secretary and treasurer, who shall also be members of the committee, with per- mission to increase the number as he may see fit; that this committee shall have full power to solicit and collect subscriptions, to select a site, to adopt a design and to erect a monument at Gettysburg at as early a date as is prac- ticable. An amendment offered by Z. H. McAllister, that this committee should not incur any debt or liability for the association, and should not incur any expense until the money to pay the same is on hand or pledged. Amendment accepted and motion passed unanimously. Subsequently President Sturtevant appointed a committee pursuant to the above vote as follows: James B. Scully, of Company A; Ziba H. Mc- Allister, of Company B; Lucius D. Xute, of Company C; Henry O. Clark, of Company D; Thaddeus S. Whipple, of Company E; Eli N. Peck, of Company F; Wm. O. Brigham, of Company G; Chas. R. White, of Company H; John G. Farwell, of Company I; Carmi L. Marsh, of Company K. At a meeting of the committee held at Montpelier October 29, 1896. called by the president, a motion was made by Z. H. McAllister that a sub-committee be elected to select a site, inspect designs, estimate expense etc., for a monument to be erected on the field of Gettysburg, and report to the full committee at a future meeting. Motion was passed and a sub-committee elected as follows: R. O. Sturtevant. H. W. Allen, C. L. Marsh, H. O. Clark and S. F Brown. On July 1st, 1897, the meeting of the association was held at Swanton This was the tfrth meeting. R. O. Sturtevant presided. Seventy-seven veterans present, among whom were all of the commissioned officers of Company K: Captain G. G. Blake, First Lieutenant S. F. Brown, Second Lieutenants C. L. Marsh and Wm. A. Cooper. The only comi)any in the regiment whose officers all survive at the date of this meeting. This reunion is remembered for the general excellence of all its exercises. The learned address of welcome by Cai)tain Brown whom none could excel; the full report of the subcommittee on questions pertaining to the proposed monument; the excellent and varied selections of music rendered, and the address of Rev. E. J. Ranslow. By vote the monument committee was continued with instruc- tions to complete the work. Henry O. Clark was elected president. At Essex Jimction June 29, IS'.IH. was bpld the eleventh reunion. Present, eighty- two. Sumner A. Andrews was made president for one year. The interest in these The Thirteenth Kcgiuiciit I'cnnont I'oluntcers 755 yearly gatherings of the old "boys" of the 13th does not lessen. Some fall each year, but others are brought in so the numbers are held so far about the same. Especial interest attached to this meeting which was due to the fact that the commitee reported the monument in the hands of the builders, money raised for its payment, site selected for its erection, plans being made for its dedication in early autumn at Gettysburg, and an excursion thereto, being arranged for the association and its friends. It may be said here that no mistake was made in the selection of a sub-committee to do this work. From first move in 1896 this committee was at work, circular letters were sent twice to all the members asking for contributions and giving full explana- tions. Three journeys were made to Gettysburg in settling questions of site, design and inscriptions. Many obstacles were met and finally overcome. September 12 word was received that the monument was ready for inscription. Accordingly on the 14th Col. A. C. Brown, C. L. Marsh, James B. Scully, Z. H. McAllister, John G. Farwell, S. W. Benjamin, Wm. W. Holden and John H. Lyon went to Ryegate, Vt., inspected and accepted the work and ordered it shipped forthwith to its destination for erection by the contractor, J. H. Walling, of New York. The committee at once began arrangements for the dedication on October 19 next on a large scale. Circular letters were issued to the members with information as to special trains, exercises of dedication etc. On October 17 one hundred and twenty-six veterans, guests and friends took train for Gettysburg, arriving there at night, the 18th, without accident. The next morning all were gathered at the historic spot on the field where the men of the 13th so conducted themselves at the critical period in the great battle as to merit the title of "Green Mountain Boys" in emulation of the men of an earlier genera- tion who bore the name. All honor to those earlier heroes from whom we are proud to take the name. As we approach this place — many for the first time since those July days in 03 — with what emotions we are filled in contrasting the present peaceful time with the tumult and carnage of the scenes enacted thirty-six years before. In the words of another, "How changed the scene, now all is peace, sweet peace." A stand had been erected for the speakers and seats provided tor all. It was a perfect October day, bright and balmy. The exercises were able and lofty in char- acter, and participated in with deepest interest by all. The order was as follows: Henry O. Clark, presiding; prayer by President W. H. Buckham of the University of Ver- mont ; historical address by H. O. Clark: singing — Star Spangled Banner: address by R. O. Sturtevant in presenting the monument to the Park commissioners; accep- tance by commission Major Robbins, of the 4th Alabama Regiment; address by Lieut. Albert Clarke; singing. In the evening a camp-fire was held in the historic village of Gettysburg, partici- pated in by members of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 1st Vermont Cavalry and 4th Alabama Regiments. Sumner A. Andrews, of Company E. 13th, presided. A most fitting close to a day happily spent in roaming at will over this great battlefield, undisturbed by shot or shell ai.d un;-estiicted by bounds or commands. The twelfth reunion was held at Northfield, June 25th, 1900 with S. A. Andrews in charge. H. W. Allen was elected president for the coming year and after the other routine business was through with H. O. Clark, chairman, submitted the final report of the monument committee and H. A. Allen made his report of the fund for monument as follows: Paid J. H. Wallirg in full for monument complete $3,718.9.5 All other expenses 447.93 Total $4,166.88 Subscriptions and accrued interest $4,166.88 At this time the association began to consider the question of publishing a history of the regiment and in pm'suance thereof the following resolution was presented by Comrade Sturtevant, and after discussion was adopted. Resolved — That the president appoint a committee of ways and means, of which John H. Lyon shall be chairman, to w'hom shall be referred the matter of publishing a new regimental roster, history of the regiment and regimental association, giving account of the dedication of the monument at Gettysburg with addresses, etc. The same to be published under the auspices of the association without expense to the association. Pursuant to above resolution John H. Lyon, Stephen F. Brown and R. O. Sturtevant were appointed a committee of ways and means. After adjournment of the business meeting the comrades and friends visited the cemetery and grave of Colonel Randall, where Sur- geon Nichols gave a short address on incidents in the life of the Colonel and of our service in the field. The association next met at Burlington June 19, 1901. with eighty-four members present. President Allen in a pleasant manner bade us welcome. A report by the ways and means committee was made giving plans and style of the proposed history of the regiment with estimate of cost. After discussion of the subject at some length, H. O. Sturtevant was elected historian and directed to write and publish a full and 73'' / ^'i' I liirtcciitli Rt-i/iiiu-iit I rniiinit I (iliiiilii-rs oompU'ti' liislmy of the regiment during its term l Claik. of .Milton, was also jireSi-nt. Two daughters of General Stannard, Mrs. William .1. Stone, of South Hero, and Miss Georgiana Stannard, of Burlington, and a niece of the general, Mrs. Samuel E. Everett, of Hurlington. were the guests of honor. Ex-Gov. Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, chairman of the monument trustees presided at the exercises and after music by LeClair's Orchestra the following program was carried out: Prayer, the Rev. C. W. Clark, of Georgia; singing, A. J. Maxhara, of Burlington; presentation of monument and lot to the state, ex-Gov. B. J. Ormsbee, of Brandon; acceptance of monument and lot for the state of Vermont and turning over the same to the town of Georgia for care and safe keeping, subject to any future legislation, Gov. G. H. Prouty; acceptance of the responsibility by the town of Georgia, George W. Cleveland, first selectman; singing. A. J. Maxham; address. Col. Albert Clarke, of Boston; original poem, W. C. Clark, of Lyndon. All the speakers were cordially received by the audience and the program was carried through in excellent taste and with a deep, patriotic spirit that manifested itself in generous applause. Colonel Clarke's address was a scholarly and just estimate of the essential characteristics of one of Vermont's natural, untutored military geniuses, and was given close attention. The poem by W. C. Clark, of Lyndon, was read by his father, the Rev. C. W. Clark. ADDRESS BY COLONEL ALBERT CLARKE. Colonel Clarke was then introduced and spoke as follows: "It is to the credit of the state of Vermont and the town of Georgia that they have united in erecting at his birthplace a memorial of the leading soldier of this state in the war for union and liberty. The passing stranger may at first wonder why such a monument stands alone in such a place, but when he sees upon it the name of Stannard. he will know. The name preceded the monument and will outlast it. Cato said. '1 would rather men should ask why my statue is not set up than why it is.' Xo one who is familiar with the history of this country, although it is a great country and has had many great men, will ever ask why this monument is. Twenty years ago Stannard's statue was set upon a classic pedestal at Gettysburg. Twenty-flve years before then he had won imperishable renown upon that spot. Another might well be reared on Chapin's farm, on the outskirts of Richmond, but the empty sleeve that he afterwards wore and the fort that he captured and held there against the repeated assaults of a superior force under the eye of General Lee himself, have emblazoned his figure in a nation's gratitude and glory. "It is an interesting fact that three major-generals of the Union army were born and raised in these three adjoining towns— George J. Stannard in Georgia, Israel Bush Richardson in Fairfax, and 'Wiliam Farrar Smith in St. Albans. Smith and Stannard survived the war. but Richardson died of wounds receved at Antietam. He and Smith were graduates of West Point, but Stannard had only an imperfect militia training. All rendered conspicuous service and won high places in the roll of .great commanders. "There was a somewhat similar instance further south in this state. Five brilliant soldiers, three of whom lost their lives in the service, were born and raised, not in adjoining towns, but within thirty miles of each other — Maj.-Gen. George C. Strong in Stockbridge. Col. Frank Aretas Haskell in Tunbridge, Maj.-Gen. Thomas E. G. Ransom in Norwich, Maj.-Gen. .Joseph A. Mower in Woodstock, and Maj.-Gen. William D. Hazen in Hartford. It would be foreign to this occasion to particularize concerning them, but they added greatly to the renown of Vermont valor, although they did not serve with Vermont troops. Like Smith and Richardson, some of them were in the regular army and the others had settled in other states where they volunteered. It was the good fortune of Stannard continuously to have lived here and to become a Vermont volunteer, in fact, the first volunteer in the state not only in point of time, but in brilliance of service. "And yet he was one of the least pretentious of men. It could be said of him as truly as it was said of Washington that his modesty was equaled by only his bravery. Shortly after the battle of Bull Run, when offered the colonelcy of the Third Vermont regiment, he declined it because he thought his service had been too short to qualify him for it. By no maneuvering in politics did he ever seek to gain promo- The Thirteenth Regiinent J'ennoiit I'oluiiteers 763 tion. He rose upon merit alone and his praise was sounded by others, never by him- self. Unlike many ambitious men. he did not claim more than he achieved, did not detract in the least from those with whom he served, and never built history upon imagination or prevarication. When one or two of his subordinates and one of his superiors claimed credit which belonged to him, he only smiled and patiently awaited the verdict of history. His truthfulness, his fidelity, his courage at all times, and his quickness to act when occasion offered, were his distinguished traits, and they relate back to his birth and nurture, to the soil and surroundings where we now stand, and to generations of New England character building. "His ancestors came from England to New England, from Connecticut to Ver- mont and from Fair Haven to Georgia. His father settled here upon soil that orig- inally belonged to Ira Allen. Most of the first settlers here had known the Aliens in Connecticut and were imbued with their spirit. George Jerrison Stannard was the sixth son of Samuel and Rebecca (Petty) Stannard, and was born in Georgia on the 20th of October, 1S20, six years after the battles of Plattsburg and Cumberland Bay, the smoke and sound of which were distinctly seen and heard here. Those events and the Revolutionary ancestry of some of the inhabitants left a martial spirit in this community which survived for many years. In this spirit young Stannai-d was raised. "Life to the average farm boy in that day meant toil and privation, scanty educa- tional advantages, vigorous rivalries in accomplishing tasks, self-denial without mur- muring, stories of valor at Plattsburg, Ticonderoga and Bennington, and many a mimic battle in which the British flag went down. Stannard made the most of the district school and of one term each in academies in Georgia and Bakersfield, working on the farm in summer and teaching in winter, and then he became a clerk for the St. Albans Foundry Co., in which he became an owner and manager in 1S60. From his first residence in St. Albans he took an active part in the life of the town, especially in the militia, and at the age of IT he was first sergeant of his company when it guarded the frontier against possible complications incident to the Papineau rebellion in Canada. The state had long neglected its militia and soon every semblance of an organized force was lost, but the military spirit survived here and there, and in 1856 we find Stannard active in organizing an independent company in St. Albans, which was the original Ransom Guards and he became first lieutenant. Two years later he was chosen colonel of the 4th regiment of militia, and immediately after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1S61, he tendered the service of himself and regiment to Governor Fairbanks and obtained the consent of the companies later. In less than a month he was chosen colonel of the 2d Vermont Volunteers. After serving in this capacity one year, he accepted the colonelcy of the 9th Vermont, which he soon raised and drilled and took to the Shenandoah valley to resist Lee's advance into Maryland. "Unfortunately, at Harper's Ferry, on the 15th of September, 1862, his regiment, with others, was surrendered to the enemy without a fight, by Col. D. P. Miles of the regular army, who had command of the post, and Stannard became almost insub- ordinate by protesting against the surrender, by begging for permission to take and hold a height, or to cut his way out, and by refusing to sign the parole for his men. Before long, with many other paroled prisoners, they were sent to Chicago, where Stannard soon became commander of a brigade. It was a trying position, for officers and men were discontented, and It took great tact and firmness to prevent outbreaks, but he was equal to it. On the 1st of January they were exchanged, were kept at Chicago until March, guarding a large camp of Confederate prisoners, and then they were ordered to North Carolina, though Stannard himself was appointed a brigadier general and greatly to his delight was assigned to the command of the Second Vermorit Brigade, which he speedily joined in Virginia. "Up to this time there had been nothing very remarkable in his career. The same may be said of the next three months — a time which he improved in getting acquainted with his new command, in looking after its discipline, and in keeping an eagle eye out for Mosby. This period revealed certain of his characteristics which tended greatly to promote his popularity. When George W. Hooker, the wag of his staff hitched six army mules to an old family coach found in the neighborhood of Fairfax Station, and with a few companions drove through the camp and bugled up to headquarters, the general came out, and seizing the leading mules by the bit, commanded Hooker to descend from the box. Hooker obeyed and walking to the general in a stately manner offered him a coin, saying, 'When a brigadier general is willing to hold my horses, I am not so mean that I will not pay him.' Authority yielded to fun that time and the story goes that the boys received their discipline inside the general's tent. "It was Stannard's theory that volunteers were to be governed by flexible rules and common sense rather than the rigidity of the martinet. His predecessor, a West Pointer, had tied a man up by the thumbs for neglecting to salute an officer. When such a case was brought before Stannard he quietly talked to the man, as though both had come from the same neighborhood, arousing no bitterness, but receiving an assurance that the offense would not be repeated. There was a case of disputed authority in one of the regiments. The army regulations provide that in the absence 764 The Thiilci-nlh h'rf/iiiii-iil I i-niiont I ' ,ilin\ti-crs or disability of a ooiiiinaiuliiit; ollici-r Uie oiii' in'Xt in raiilt sliall coiiiMiaiul. In the case referred to the colonel was koIiik away for the day. designated a captain, who had been promoted major, but whose commission had not arrived, to command in his stead, in the absence of the lieutenant-colonel. When the regiment was formed for dress parade, the captain thus deslKiiated took his place as comniandinK officer but found it disiuited by the raiikint; captain of the rcKiiiient. Kach ordered the other away and both gave orders to tlie regiment. The scene would have been highly amus- ing if it had not involved an element of danger, and it was ended by the promoted officer ordering the |)arade dismissed, in obedience to which most of the company commanders tooli their companies back to camp. Shortly the colonel returned and the next day the new major's commission arrived, but the ranking captain ajipealed to the general for a ruling that should vindicate his conduct and sootlie his wounded pride. The general visited the camp and spent most of the time in seeing the regiment put through an arduous drill which he had ordered. .lust before departing he called the colonel apd the contestants together, and, after giving them time to mop their brows, remarked that he was too i)ractical a man to decide (jtiestions that belonged to the past and would not be likely to come up again, and if they kept busy, very busy, they would soon have a chance to show their qualifications for command by fighting the enemy and not each other. "His stern sense of duty, thus sometimes relaxed by humor, was also tempered by mercy. When Lieut. Stephen F. Brown, who was under arrest for violating orders by getting water for his famishing men from a guarded well, went to the general at Gettysburg and asked for the privilege of participating in the battle, it was promptly granted and the confidence was so well justified that nothing more was ever heard of the impending court martial. Bravery and zeal and unselfishness always appealed to him and he never kept anybody from service for the sake of discipline. "Reaching Gettysburg just at the close of the first day's battle. Stannard's brigade was stationed back of Huford's cavalry, near the copse of trees, which has since been known as the high water mark of the rebellion, where it remained over night and the next morning was massed on the south of Cemetery hill, where it supported the batteries of the 11th corps, which occupied the center of tlie I'nion line. From this position they witnessed away off to their left the terrific conflicts on Little Round Top in the Valley of Death, around the Devil's Den. in the Wheat PTeld. the Peach Orchard and along the Kmmittsburg road, the tide of battle drawing ominously nearer their position, until about sunset, when Stannard received an order to deploy into line at his left and hasten to the support of General Hancock. \X a double quick they moved down the Taneytown road and then, facing to the right, advanced to meet Wright's Georgia Brigade, which had Captured Turnbull's and Wier's batteries and had broken the Union line. Stannard restored the Hue and five companies of his right regiment, the Thirteenth, under Colonel Randall, charged and recaptured the lost guns. Then the brigade moved a little further to the left and took position for the night where it distinguished itself the next day. "The story of Pickett's charge and disastrous repulse has been so often told that I do not need to repeat it here. Stannard's jiarl may be briefly recounted as befitting this memorial occasion. Two of his regiments had been sent away to guard supplies, but with the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth, he occujned that portion of the front line where the ermont monument now stands. Xext on his right was Gibbon's division of Hancock's second army corps, consisting of Harrow's. Hall's, and 'Webb's brigades, and on his left were the 3rd. 5th and 6th corps, the last being out of sight, east of Round Top. Behind Stannard. on a low ridge, were the Union batteries, as thickly as they could be placed, from Ziegler's Grove to Little Round Top. The field in front had been fought over the day before, and Stannard always regardful of the health and comfort of his troops ordered the dead buried. He discovered that about fifteen rods in front of his right regiment the land descended a few feet into the shallow valley, and he ordered some rails stretched along that low crest, as a sort of half breastwork against a possible need. The Sixteenth Regiment was deployed as a skirmish line, covering more than the brigade front, from 40 to 60 rods in advance along the Emmitsburg road. "Stannard busied himself conversing with his officers, speaking cheerfully to his men, and studying through his glass the enemy's formations so far as they could be seen. Under the terrific artillery duel, whicli began early in the afternoon and lasted an hour and three-quarters, the infantry line lay prostrate and silent. Then Longstreets's corps of 17,000 men came into view, and when the front central line, consisting of i^ickett's division, reached the Emmitsburg road and began moving to the left so as to have its objective point more immediately in front. Stannard was quick to see that the brigades of Wilcox and Perry on Pickett's right, did not follow- his move- ment to the left and there was opened a gap in his line. Instantly Stannard advanced the Thirteenth Regiment into this gap as far as the line of rails and then the Sixteenth fell back from the skirmish line and formed on the left of the Fourteenth. The brigade opened upon Pickett, firing somewhat to the right, and shortly after Gibbon's division opened directly in their I'lices. The enemy returned the fire with both mus- 'flic I'liiitccnth Kcyiincnt I'cniiunt I'oliinti'crs 765 ketry and artillery, the air was filled with missies, the din was such that few orders were given or heard, and through the thickening pall of smoke the most that we could see was that men were falling like autumn leaves and yet our lines held firm. "Longstreet's supporting columns were coming up but were still beyond range of our infantry. General Hancock rode down and took position near Stannard, between the 13th and 14th regiments, but soon fell wounded. Stannard had already given an order to the Thirteenth to change front forward and strike Pickett squarely on his flank, and then he ordered the Sixteenth to hasten and form on their left. The zeal of Colonel Randall led him so near the enemy that Stannard feared that the Thirteenth might be captured, and so he sent Lieutenant Benedict of his staff to overtake and warn him, but before Benedict reached the line the Thirteenth was gathering in prisoners. "A breeze lifted the smoke and as soon as Stannard saw that the Sixteenth had nothing more to do on Randall's left, he ordered Colonel Veazey to face about his regiment and charge upon the left flank of Wilcox and Perry, which was rapidly and successfully done with the aid of four companies of the Fourteenth, and by that time the supporting columns of Longstreet had ceased to advance and were joining in the retreat. "While Stannard was recalling his regiments, he was wounded in one thigh by a piece of shrapnel, but he declined to leave the field until the battle in that part was over, his wounded were brought in, and his brigade was relieved by other troops. Thus had transpired a brilliant manouvre which was wholly of his own ordering, and which history recognizes as a contribution of great value to the repulse of the enemy. Stannard received the enthusiastic commendations of both superiors and subordinates and he bore his honors with modesty, giving most of the credit to his officers and men. "Being busy as a line officer in the Thirtenth, I had but momentary glimpses of General Stannard during these movements, but I remember how, with hat in one hand and glass in the other, he emphasized his orders by gestures and sturdily faced the destructive fire without showing the least concern. His nearness to the firing line, his alertness and firmness were inspiring. Although we knew that we were but atoms in a tremendous convulsion, somehow we all felt that he could make the most of us, and he did. Officers of both armies subsequently bore testimony to the originality of his concept in throwing his brigade into a gap in the enemy's line and to the effec- tiveness of his impetous onslaughts upon their flanks. Col. William Allan, a Southern historian, who witnessed the charges, said: 'Pickett was overwhelmed, not by the troops in front, but by those on his flanks, especially by those on his right flank,' and those were none other than Stannard's brigade. "Before his complete recovery. General Stannard reported for duty and was as- signed to the command of forts in New York Harbor. In May, 1864, he returned to the army of the Potomac and was soon in command of the first brigade of the second division of the 18th corps, which was then commanded by Maj.-Gen. W'. F. Smith, and thus were tw& former townsmen, both of whom had become distinguished, brought into a close relation. Benedict, in his history of Vermont in the Civil War, says: " 'In the bloody battle of Cold Harbor he again greatly distinguished himself, and was again wounded in the thigh by a minnie ball. Two of his staff were killed and three wounded, and with but one regimental commander in his brigade left unhurt, Stannard, wounded and alone, rallied and brought off, under fearful fire, the shattered regiments of his command.' "On the 14th of ,lune, without waiting for his wound to heal, he led the advance of the 18th corps to within three-quarters of a mile of Petersburgh and was soon placed in command of the first division. There he received a painful wound in one of his fingers by the accidental discharge of a pistol in the hands of one of hi^ officers, and from this he suffered so much, he was obliged to take a short leave, hut in a few days he was back at the front. "On the 29th of September the 10th and 18th corps moved north of the James river and Stannard was assigned to capture Fort Harrison, which was on Chapin's farm, four miles north of Richmond. Having heard tnat the order came from General Grant, Stannard went to him and asked to have his division relieved, as it had already led more than its share of forlorn hopes. General Grant replied: "It is very essential that we take that fort and I know you will do it.' This was the end of argument and the order was obeyed with alacrity. The tort was strong, was heavily armed and manned, was in a position of great importance to the Confederate army, and was fronted by an open field across which Stannard must charge. Here we see another exhibition of his generalship and his great regard for the safety of his men. En- gaging the guns by a small portion of his command, he moved with great celerity the larger portion against the "northeast angle, which he stormed and captured, but with the loss of General Burnham, Colonel Stevens, and nearly one half the men in the storming party. Once inside, they captured many of the Confederates and drove out the rest. General Grant soon rode into the fort and complimented General Stan- nard on his behavior and the success of his division. Stannard then fortified the rear of the fort, which had become his front, and before the opening was fully closed, 766 Tilt- ilurtCi'Hth Rctiimcnt Vermont I'oluntccrs he had occaskui to repulse three Ueteiniinecl assaults by the reinforced enemy. In this he was greatly aided by the fact that one of his regiments was armed with breech loading rifles, which was almost their hrst use In infantry. The fort was never retaken, but Stannard's defense of it cost him his right arm. He was pacing a parapet near the firing line, sword in one hand and hat in the other, watching every movement of each .side and cheering his men to their deadly work. Gen. Kd- ward H. Ripley, who commanded a brigade jtist at the left, told me that every one in sight was watching Stannard with great admiration and concern, and that when he went down a groan went up from all that portion of the army. The same officer wrote: ■■ '1 have often said that General Stannard held Fort Harrison against desperate odds, of men fighting under the inspiration of Lee's own presence, by the sheer force of personal character. And there was not another division or another general of the Army of the .lames that could have done it. He was an army in himself in such supreme moments.' "cm the 2Sth of October, 1864, for gallant and meritorious services at Fort Harri- son, Stannard was brevetted a major-general of volunteers. The following December, after the St. Albans rail, and because his arm had not yet healed, he was transferred to the command of the Northern frontier, with headquarters at St. Albans, where he lived. In February. 18G6, he was ordered to report to General Howard and was as- signed to Freedmen's bureau work at lialtimore. The war was over and his military career was closed. The following June he resigned to accept appointment as collec- tor of customs at lUirlington. "In 1850 he had married Emily, daughter of Jeremiah Clark, of St. Albans. She was a beautiful woman, as lovely in character as she was attractive in appearance. They had three daughters and a son, all of whom grew to maturity. The son, Jerrison Clark Stannard, died in Burlington in 1S83, aged 25. Mrs. Stannard passed away at her home in Burlington June 20, 1902. The three daughters survive, with the men he had led. A suitable monument stands at his grave in Burlington. "After passing through such great events as those of the Civil War, almost any man's subsequent career seems like an appendix to a book. We read it or not, as its importance demands or as time and inclination may serve. Stannard's last years were spent in Washington, where he renewed many army acquaintances and became friendly and even intimate with some of the most distinguished ex-Confoderates who were in Congress. The differences having been fought out, those men seemed to him almost like comrades. On all public occasions in Vermont, he felt the warmth of the people's gratitude and on Memorial Days nothing pleased him better than to march with the men he had led. A suitable monument stands at his grave in Htirlington, the cost of which was contributed by former comrades and by grateful citizens, and the state monument at Gettyburg. which stands where the Second Brigade fought, is surmounted by a bronze statue of General Stannard, modeled by Carl Gerhardt. of Hartford. Conn. This is one of the most classic and conspicuous memorials on that field of more than 400 monuments, and is generally spoken of as the Stannard monu- ment. Now comes this further recognition of his valor and great services, by his native state and town, erected at his birthplace, 89 years after his birth and 23 years after his death, and dedicated by these high officials of town and state, in the presence of distinguished surviving comrades and this company of grateful and admiring people. Worthy as these memorials are. I cannot help thinking that there is one more enduring "than either granite or bronze, and that is the historic record of his great service to the country in the most crucial period of its history. "Those deeds rose so far above the ordinary plane of life that, like the sunset rays between yonder lake and the overarching sky, they seem to connect him with the realm of eternal light. O, fortunate town of Georgia, to possess the distinction for which this monument is reared! O, proud Vermont, whose heroes have made thy fame surpass thy sizel O. country, redeemed and indissolubly cemented by the blood of such noble sons! As the generations shall come and go across this upland scene, may the modest marker here placed serve to. remind them of a modest man whose soul exi)anded with his country's need, until their souls shall likewise be exalted, and a glory shall irradiate these hills that may fitly arch with the resplendent cene that Nature paints above the watered vale, and God and country shall be their daily thoughts." Tlic Thirteenth Rcg'uncnt ]'cyuiont J'ohiiitccrs AT STANNARD'S BIRTHPLACE The following original poem was read by \V. C. Clark, o£ Lyndon. Near to the hill whereon we stand to-day, Full eighty years ago a child did play; His birthplace still, the farmhouse old, we see; Among these fields he roamed with foot- step free; With neighbor's children well he loved to meet, And mingled with the boys at Georgia Street; And when his eager mind to learning bent, Down to the old Academy he went. When manhood came, he sought for hon- est work; In near-by town he found a place as clerk; Upward he climbed from where he thus began, Till he became a full-fledged business man; One of the yoeman true in which our states abound, Who carry with them from their native ground To growing town and busy marts of trade Integrity and courage undismayed. With martial movements ever his delight, Deeming it wise that men be taught to fight. He joined the state militia, volunteers, Where soon his able leadership appears; He won his men with zeal and love un- feigned. And thus ere long to colonel's I'ank at- tained. So Providence prepared this man indeed. To serve the nation in a time of need. For soon the war clouds gathered grim and low, And ill forebodings fell of coming woe; Against Fort Sumter came a thunder crash. Throughout the North went forth a light- ning flash; And Stannard then, with loyal blood and warm. His duty seeing in that swift alarm. Gave forth his pledge for service at the front; The first of all the men in old Vermont. ■We read it in the books, we hear it told. Passed on to younger men by voices old: The cannon's roar, ApoUyon's fiendish yell. The sulphur scented smoke, the fire of Hell; Upon the field an ever widening flood, A deep and gory stream of brother's blood; Four years of war to purge our land of dross. And teach our people how to bear the cross. Among the foremost in the dreadful strife. In dangers oft, and thoughtless of his life, Our valiant hero stood, our Stannard brave, Who spent his strength the Union cause to save. Upon the line of fire in battles ten, A soldier true he stood, and cheered his men; Though four times wounded, yet each time the same To his command again he quickly came. At Gettysburg his rank was brigadier. Though long delayed, the fateful hour drew near; Second Vermont Brigade, left center front ; Green Mountain Boys must bear the bat- tle's brunt: On came the foe, Virginia's choicest men ; Alert and keen was our brave general then; He struck a blow which none foresaw or planned; To wheel and charge, he boldly gave command. As through the wood a cyclone tears its way. So through the ranks of Pickett's men that day The swift and deadly Northern bullets flew, Until the foe, defeated, faint and levi. Threw up their hands or turned in hasty flight : And so was finished that terrific fight; For on the third long day ere set of sun The Northern soldiers knew the field was won. The charge of our brigade which saved the day For other victories prepared the wav. At Gettysburg the tide of war was turned; Vermonters there a nation's praises earned. By long campaigns the Union armies won ; And thus at length the costly strife was done; Tilt- Tliirti-ciitli Rcyiiiicnl W'nnont \'«liinlccrs The weary soldiers louiid a sweet re- lease; The worn and bleeding nation hailed the peace. Into its sheath the bloody sword was hurled; The war-beKriined and tattered flags were furled ; With chastened joy and low pathetic shout The army veterans were mustered out. Northward a remnant came, with visage marred. With haggard face, and l)ody deeply scarred. On whom the war its cruel marks did leave; Our hero brave brought home an empty sleeve. After the end of war and bitter strife, For twenty years he lived a peaceful life; In public service well discharged his trust. A citizen respected, wise and just; Until there came to him a higher call, As comes to nionarchs great and heroes all; And through the gates of death he marched at last. Just as the vanguard long before had jiassed. Upon his grave beside the blue Cham- plain There stands majestic now and will re- main, Within the graceful modest burial plot. A fitting monument to mark the spot. That they who in the future come and go. Those born in gentler, peaceful days may know ■ A patriot brave and noble sleepeth there, A soldier tried and true, a leader rare. To-day we meet upon this sightly hill, (Which Stannard in his .boyhood used to till, From which ere now his kindred all have gone I. To dedicate this monument of stone, Krecled by the people of the state, Wherewith they fittingly commemorate The gallant deeds and valiant service true Of him who bravely led our boys in blue. Standing beside the busy thoroughfare. Its site adorned with Nature's graces rare. Let this memento mark the native place or him whose steps in history we trace; .Attracting notice from tlie passerby, 'I'liroughout the future let it signify Vermont does honor to a worthy son. And i)raise bestows for duty bravely done. No more is heard the call for volunteers. Nor on the sky the fiery cross appears; .\'o more secessionists our flag would rend. Nor jealous Hotspurs would the Union end. The North and South are reconciled at last. The erstwhile toes their friendly hands have clasped; In sweet and blessed peace our people dwell, And cheerful proijhets tell us all is well. But still our country calls for heroes brave From subtle, stealthy foes our land to save. For men of nerve in civic life who dare To stand for equal rights and dealing square. As we the valiant deeds commemorate Of veteran men whose prowess saved the state. Remember this; in war they found their test; And so, in time of peace, must all the rest. w. c. c. The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 771 A TRIBUTE TO THE DEAD FROM THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE. IT stands upon the battle line ot the third day and marks the spot where General Stan- nard's Vermont Brigade moved into the gap between General Pickett's Division and his right support ^General Wilcox's division) executing a brilliant and difficult move- ment under fire which enabled them to discharge volleys right and left upon the flanks of the enemy. It is surmounted by a bronze statue of General Stannard, located on Han- cock Avenue, National Cemetery, Gettysburg. It is hereby the monument of the 13th Ver- mont Regiment, as appears. Just in front of this monument and between it and the rail fence breastwork built by the 13th Regiment is where General Hancock sat on his horse conversing with General Stannard when quite seriously wounded during General Pickett's impetous charge. Here, too. during this charge General Stannard was severely wounded, but he, like General Hancock, refused to quit the field until the battle was over. It was near the spot where stood General Stannard and dis- covered the gap in General Pickett's right flank and as quick as thought envolved and gave the imique order, "Charge front forward on first company." Its prompt execution secured victory then and there. The hundreds of thousands that have and do visit the battlefield of Gettysburg, one and all, are attracted to this location. It was in front of this monument and between it and the Emmitsburg road where the veteran heroes of General Lee's mighty army (the very flower selected for the pur- pose), led by General Pickett in hostile array made their last and desperate charge to capture Cemetery Hill, determined on victory. General Lee's golden opportunity on this field had passed. It was now a forlorn hope; General Longstreet realized it; General Pickett when he saw General Stannard's Vermont Brigade on his right flank and his officers and men falling thick and fast all about him manfully comprehended defeat. Generals Garnett, Armistead and Kemper of his command had fallen and only a few with General Pickett escaped slaughter and capture. "The high water mark of the Rebellion was reached in this charge. A few of General Pickett's com- mand scaled the stone wall in a vain attempt to capture cannon and the foremost of the slain that wore the gray, marks the spot now called 'the high water mark of the Rebellion.' " The great and sanguinary battle of Gettysburg was gloriously closed by the brave and noble boys of the Green Mountain State commanded by General George J. Stannard, of St. Albans, Vermont. The Th'utccnth Rciiiincnt l\-niiont J'oliinteers 773 SIXTH ANNUAL RE-UNION OF THE THIRTEENTH VERMONT VOLUNTEER ASSOCIATION Held at Northfield, June 22d and 23d. 1893, WITH ADDRESSES AND POEMS ATTENDING THE EXERCISES OF THE DEDICATION OF THE MONU- MENT ERECTED TO THE MEMOBT OF The Late Colonel Francis V. Randall. The Inscriptions are as follows, on front of die: FRANCIS V. RANDALL. Feb. 13th, 1824, March 1st. 1885. Capt. Co. F. 2nd Vt. Vols. Colonel 13th Vt. Vols. Colonel 17th Vt. Vols. On the 3rd base: COL. F. V. RANDALL. On the north side is: Erected June, 1893, by the surviving comrades of the 13th Vt. Vols. On the south side is: CHARLES W. RANDALL. 1st Lieut. Co. C, 17 Vt. Vols. Born May 14th, 1847. Died Oct. 20th, 1868. PRESENTATION. With deep emotion and appropriate words Lieutenant Colonel Andrew C. Brown of Montpelier, chairman of the committee of construction, in his presentation of the memorial to the regiment and town of Northfield, eloquently mentioned the military achievements of Colonel Francis Voltaire Randall. The editor regrets that the ex- temporaneous remarks of Colonel Brown were not taken and kept for publication. ACCEPTANCE OF THE MONUMENT ON BEHALF OF THE REGIMENT BY W. W. HOLDEN, OF NORTHFIELD. Mr. President, Comrades and Friends: — In behalf of the survivors of the Thirteenth Regiment and the citizens of North- field, I accept this fitting tribute to the memory of a brave man. And in their behalf I express to you (the Committee of Construction) their satisfaction and gratitude for the manner in which you have performed the arduous duties to which you were called one year ago, and tender to you and the firm of Cannon Brothers our sincere congratu- lations on the symmetry and beauty of design and the artistic taste and skill displayed in its construction. Yet, as I gaze upon and admire its magnificence and beauty, I am forcibly reminded that it is none too grand. It is but a fitting tribute from his late comrades in arms to mark the resting place of one whose heroic actions in defense of the nation's honor ivere grand. It is but a merited testimonial from the survivors of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment that the name and fame of Colonel Francis V. Randall has not sunk into oblivion, but that after thirty years have passed away he still lives in our hearts. His tender sympathy for those in trouble, expressed in actions as well as words, still lives in the memory of many a comrade. His heroic acts and emphatic language in condemnation of treason and secession and all manner of evil, have rung in our ears for thirty years to incite us to lofty motives and noble actions. 774 '//'t' 'I'hirtcciith Rc, and Major Reynolds, all but one of whom were killed — it participated in more great jattles and lost more men than any other regiment of the Tnion army that had been no longer in service. Five of its ten captains. Its adjutant and several of its lieutenants, one of whom was the Colonel's son, had served in the Thirteenth. Finally, more recruits having been secured, the Colonel was per- mitted to be mustered in on the 27th of October. 1SC4, and was soon placed in com- mand of Fort Davis and a brigade, near Petersburg, in which position, subject to frequent annoyances from the enemy, he was compelled to remain in comparative inaction (or about four months. When the spring campaign opened, he and his regiment participated in the closing scenes of the war, took part in the great review at Washington, and returned to civil life only because there was no more fighting to be done. Colonel Randall resumed the practice of law in Montpelier. But many things, like himself, had changed. It was a tame and hum-drum life. He panted for the open air and removed to a farm in Brookfield. and finally returned to Northfield, where he engaged in various activities. During the closing winters of his life he travelled about the State somewhat, giving before Grand Army Posts. Uy their request, some very vivid descriptions of the battle of Gettysburg, and he was listened to with great interest and rapturously applauded, not so much for what he said as for what he had done. It was on his return from a visit of this kind that a severe cold aggra- vated an injury which he had received in the service, and as a result he died in North- field. March 1, ISS.'i, at the age of 61. He had been twice married, first to Caroline E. Andrus of Massachusetts, by whom he had two sons, Charles W. and Francis V., Jr. The former was a second lieutenant in both the Thirteenth and Seventeeth. and is believed to be the youngest commissioned officer in the Union Army. He was cool and brave in battle, although only 16 or 17 years of age. He died shortly after the war from the effects of smallpox, which it was believed he had taken from infected clothing, supposed to have been sent to Wash- ington in part execution of an infamous Confederate plot. The younger son. who was a drummer boy in the Thirteenth, and was also a daring scout and familiarly known to the whole regiment as "Little Jimmy", now resides in Putnam, Conn. Early in 1864. while raising the Seventeenth regiment. Colonel Randall married Fannie E. Colby of New Hampshire, by whom, also, he had two sons. Phil Sheridan, the elder, graduated at Norwich University and is now a lawyer in Ellendale, North Dakota. Luther Volney. the younger, is living with his mother, in South Dakota. Of his brothers and sisters — all of whom enjoyed prominence in their respective localities — only two are now living, the Rev. Edward H. Randall of Poultney and Mrs. Charles H. Joyce of Rutland. In stature Colonel Randall was 5 feet 714 inches and his weight was about 160 pounds. His eyes were blue and his hair and beard a dark brown. The latter was worn as a moustache and imperial. There were few better horsemen in the army. Mental and physical activity, love of enterprise and good fellowshii). were his prominent characteristics. He was fond of music, and in early life was a good amateur player upon the violin. He attached importance to good music and to all possible sociability in the army. He believed that the happier men were, the more they would endure and the better they would fight. 1 have alluded to the magnetic and inspiring quality of his voice. Every man who served under him will testify to its sustaining effect in moments of peril. Many now present will recall the night of Stuart's raid upon Fair- fax Court House, in December, 1S62. Colonel Randall was in Alexandria. The long roll called us from our bunks into line of battle, and we were led on the double quick by Lieutenant Colonel Brown to a rifle pit that crossed the Alexandria pike east of the town. The approach over the frozen ground of a large body of the enemy's cavalry was distinctly heard. A small detachment charged down the pike, but were repulsed by our skirmishers. Positions having thus been verified, we expected an immediate attack in force and our feelings can be better imagined than described. Hut instead of the attack, a single horseman came down at full gallop, halted a moment at the skirmish line and then dashed within our lines. We were electrified to hear the voice of Colonel Randall, and have never ceased to be astonished that he could run the gauntlet of the enemy and come safely to his friends from the enemy's direction. We had confidence in our other officers, but somehow the relief that came with his calm tones will never be forgotten. The tact and readiness which characterized him at the bar were even more notice- able in the army. An incident illustrative of this, and which, so far as I know, has never been recorded in history, occurred at Gettysburg on the morning of the second day of the battle, when his regiment with many others was supporting batteries on The Thirteenth Rei/iiiieiit I'eniiont J'ohinteers /// Cemetery Hill. A Pennsylvania regiment further to the right and front broke in a panic and came pouring back near our position. Colonel Randall put spurs to his horse and with outstretched arms intercepted squad after squad and helped their officers restore the line. Then he both rebuked and reassured them, saying among other things, loudly enough for us to hear — and I have always thought he said it more for our benefit than for theirs — "Aren't you ashamed of yourselves, old troojjs, run- ning away from a little shelling? L,ook at my boys, most of them never under fire before, and there they stand as firm as rocks." No one can ever know how much the country was indebted to him for thus aiding to check an incipient rout at a critical moment, in the very center of our army, ai»,d for the strength which he thus incidentally gave to his own and other adjacent troopg. Again, he always acted upon the principle that it is the duty of a leader to lead. When his horse was shot beneath him on the charge to recapture the battery, he ex- tricated himself as soon as possible and ran with all speed until he had overtakea the line and placed himself in front of the colors. The same was true the next day, during the famous movement upon Pickett's flank. After the enemy had unmasked our front, he gave the order to change front forward on the first company; but the din was so great that the order was not heard; so he sent word to the captains of the left wing and moved along the right wing himself, saying; "By the right flank, follow me." And thus he led to very close quarters with the enemy and wheeled his regiment by companies into line. It may be doubted it anything less than such actual leadership, adapting commands to conditions, would have crowned with success such a difficult and dangerous movement. He was not only an adroit leader and brave fighter, but he was also a merciful man. He saw before his men did that Pickett's men were throwing down their arms and he gave the order to cease firing. The order was not heard and thereupon he broke through his line and faced it, waving his hat and sword and shouting until he was understood. By thus seeking to save the lives of enemies, he exposed his own life, not only to their fire, but to that of his own men and of the Union troop at right angles with them just above. Fortunately he was spared and he went among the struggling Confederates and brought 243 of them within our line, most of whom and doubtless many more would have lost their lives but for his brave and timely act. Such comrades, were some of the characteristics and services of our distinguished friend, better than almost any others, we knew his worth. History, even the history that exalts others, accords to him just eminence; but I have long felt, and I believe that you feel so too. that the rivalries for rank and honor during and since the war, and the misfortune of his not having been able to lead in the battles of 1864 the? regiment that he had raised, deprived him of that complete success and higher rank to which he was entitled. But be this as it may, the book is closed. Few men equal their opportunities. He equaled his and would easily have equalled greater. All human responsibility ends there. O, grave, where is thy victory'? Thou art but a crucible, whose office is to change and not destroy. All life shall live. We see not the immortal part that follows thee, but the immortal part which goes before is noble service for the world. The memory that irradiates this spot enlarges as we go away. "For to famous men," said Pericles over the Athenians who died in the Peloponnesian war, "all the earth is a sepulchre — not wherein they lie buried, so much as wherein their glory is laid up, upon all occasions, both of speech and of action, to be remembere^i forever." But, is glory all? O, no, indeed. Glory may be common, and its just measure Is sometimes enlarged by favor. The memory that lives is the memory that leads. The service which connects with an undying cause, and which o'erleaps the bounds of mere duty and perils all for the utmost, transmits a voice, as by a phonograph, which will go ringing through the halls of time. When Randall, being asked by Han- cock if he could retake a battery, replied, "We will do it or die trying, " the keynote of his success was sounded, and we hear it still. And so in future emergencies, when something dangerous or great awaits the doing, long may our children and our child- ren's children, to the remotest generations, rise to the dignity of their inheritance and say, "We will do it or die trying." BY D. S. STODDARD. Dark clouds hung o'er the Southern A cyclone gathered all Its force sky And swept the nation clean; In eighteen sixty-one. Her forts and arsenals were lost A nation gazed in agony ~ As though they'd never been. And cried, "What shall be done?" Her ships were spirited away. The storm-swept wave was at its height. Her guns were missing too; Secession was the cry; And a great nation quivering lay. And not one single ray of light Scarce knowing what to do. Shone from that darkened sky. 'I'lic 'rhirtccnth Regiment I'ermont I'olunteers The Southrons askrd one little whim To just be "let alone," And they'd dissolve the Union In A process of their own. The Southern States then merrily Sereded one by one. And raised their banner boastingly When e'er the deed was done. They wanted Sumter for their own They wanted Moultrie, too, And gave the gallant Anderson A taste of what they'd do. Weak kneed ones said the South must go, 'Twill never do to fight; Those warlike southern bloods, you know Would whip us out of sight. The president and congressmen Were standing all aghast, Because the ship of state just then Was going to pieces fast, "Who shall calm the angry storm And bid the tumult cease? Who the mighty task perform" And give us lasting peace? Ah, look! A brilliant ray of light Shines o'er that darkened sky — A new-made president in sight: He'll know the reason why. His voice rang out in tones that gave Xo vague, uncertain sound; It thrilled alike the gay and grave Throughout the nation's bound. "We want five hundred thousand boys To this rebellion quell; For In this glorious land of ours Two nations cannot dwell. Glad Hope sprang up to hear the sound, The patriots bosom thrilled. But while so many hearts rebound Some aching hearts were chilled. Our fathers, mothers shuddering heard What banished all their joy; They gloried in that startling word, But, will it take my boy? The youthful mother sat and rocked The cradle of her child; Dread thoughts her inmost being shocked And drove her nearly wild. For men are wanted. Who can know? The partner of my life Perhaps himself will need to go And join that deadly strife. Then there was hurrying to and fro As legions gathered there. And In the numbers met to go Were old, and young, and fair. And as they gathered east and west, Xo better troops displayed On march, in fight, or camped at rest Than First Vermont Brigade, There he who sleeps beneath this shaft Led forth a hundred men, And quickly learned the warrior's craft. Though but a captain then. His voice rang out in cheering tones When fighting at their head; (He steeled the hearts of drooping ones Among the comrade led. And when the Thirteenth Regiment Was ready for the field. It was agreed with one consent, He should their scepter wield. Comrades, the Thirteenth here I view I need not further go. His record as our leader true Too well these comrades know. But halt! Please keep your rank and file And linger round his bier. Just for a single moment, while You this "acrostic" hear. 'Twas in tlie summer si.xty two Hung stormy clouds our country through. In vain the baffled Union troops — Resting themselves in warlike grotips- Tried to destroy the rebel strength. Eager to meet them on the field. Each to his gun or saber wield. Xever despairing but hopeful still. Trusting in time, our country will Have victory and peace at length. Verily our time had come to go. Each felt his country calling, so Regardless of all danger near Men go to aid those brothers dear. Onward three hundred thousand more. Xine months they trod those fields of gore Till Pickett's legions felt their power. Crested wave of victory. On thee write immortality. Long may our country's banner wave Over the land we helped to save. Xever forget 'tis patriots due Ever to land and home be true. Loving them more each passing hour. Foremost among those heroes true Ranging along that line of blue Amid the fiercest battle strife Xever to halt for limb or life. Crashing through the cannon's smoke In clashing steel and saber stroke. Standing firm with lines unbroke. The Thirteenth Regiment ]'ermont J'ohmteers 779 Veering not to left or right. "Onward, Thirteenth? The foe's sight! Loiter not, but run, boys, run! Now charge! and take their every gun!" E'en lilje the cyclone's fatal breath Ye rushed to victory or death. Round this plain shaft to-day we turn In And patriot fires within us burn. And as this monument we see Live Colonel Randall, Francis V. Long in each loyal memory Never to cease while life shall last. Dedicated to grand memories past. MEMORIES. Written for the Fifth Re-union of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment, at Montpelier, June 15th. 1S92, hy D. 8. Stoddard of Company B. 'Twas In the summer sixty-two. The fights for Richmond all were through, And back had fell the Union lines From Savage Station, Seven Pines, Until at Malvern Hill at last The rebel columns stopped aghast. The nation gazed with bated breath Upon that scene of strife and death; And as the wave rolled back and forth From North to South, from South to North And spent its force at Malvern Hill The nation's heart almost stood still. Then leaped the northern patriot's vein As ringing out o'er land and main Our glorious Lincoln spake this word, Above the din of battle heard: "We want three hundred thousand men From prairie, wood and mountain glen. Three hundred thousand gallant boys Will now insure our noble cause. The grand success we've striven for These eighteen months of cruel war." Then comrades, we Thirteenth Ver- mont, Began enlisting for the front. Our brothers of the First Brigade On many fields their record made. And brothers of the gallant Seventh. The Eighth and Ninth, the Tenth and Eleventh. Had shown the world Green Mountain Boys Were heart and hand in Union's cause. And on each hard fought battlefield Had never learned to rebels yield. And with their proud example seen Could we expect to honors win? aU, ye who think tne older boys Were all the patriots in our cause Will wait awhile, your verdict hold Till Thirteenth's record has been told. These men enlisted, knowing well That storms of rebel shot and shell Would greet them on the battlefield; But to those facts their hearts were steeled, As tens and hundreds joined the strife To fight and die for nation's life. The Twelfth and Thirteenth, Four- teenth, too. Sprang up as if naught el.se to do. The Fifteenth, Sixteenth also came, All honor to Vermont's proud name. And of these five combined was made Our own Vermont's Second Brigade. At Brattleboro where we met To rendezvous and training get. We found a thousand stalwart men From every hill, and vale, and glen. Each ready at their country's call To do and dare, to fight or fall That this grand land of ours might be In truth and right forever free. 'Twas Colonel Randall at our head Who through it all us proudly led. As in this sequel we shall show What all these comrades full well know. Next came Lieutenant Colonel Brown To take command when Randall's - gone. And on the left was Major Clark To stand by us through light or dark. The Thirteenth's right was Company A. All ready for the bloody fray; And at their right Cap Lonergan, Who'll lead them through if any can. The left was held by — all could see — Mad River Valley. Company B. Its right was Wilder, Cap O. C, Its left, short corporal — that was me. And here we have a right to brag Of C. in center with the flag. Its right was Coburn. Cap L. L. Its left, the colors, guarded well. Then Captain Munson, Company D Were there to fight for you and me; And Captain Boynton, Company E, Filled well their place twixt K. and G. And with us from Winooski's vale Were Company F and Captain Yale; And Captain White with Company G Held honored place by Company B; 78o 77/(- I'lurtccnlli Raj'tincnt I'cnittntl I'oluittccrs And Conipaiiy II with Ciiptain Peck Stood by thr colors neck to neck. And Captain Tliatcher. Company I Could witli the best their honors vie. And last, not li'ast. we truly say Were Captain Blake and Company K. A few short days in drill and camp And Thirteenth took its southward tramp. Vermont with all its scenes adieu. These boys will to her name be true. Brave Allen's State shall point with pride To these brave sons from her moun- tain side. With clasping hands and moistened eyes They bade adieu to native skies. And in Virginia's sun and shade They pitched their tents, a new brigade They're soldiers now. in quiet camp Or on the march's weary tramp. On picket in the storm and sleet The vidette walks his lonely beat. And thinks of the friends that he never may see. Or starts at the wind in the old hollow tree As it howls on its way so dreary and lone Through the boughs overhead with its moaning tone. He imagines each sound is a warning of dread; And the rustling leaves do but echo tne tread Of the midnight assassin, the venge- ful foe. Who is waiting to strike him the fatal blow. Thus he passes the night, but his spirits revive As he finds in the morning he still is alive. Camp Violet and Camp Vermont Remind us of our winter's haunt. The midnight march to Union Mill Lives vivid in our memories still. That night at Fairfax Court House too, ■When Colonel Randall campward flew Because of danger from a raid By Stuart's cavalry brigade. How quick the long roll brought us out To fall in line, the country scout. Perhaps some tremble then to know We faced that night an ugly foe. They planned to on us silent creep And take our camp with us asleep; Their scheme miscarried, they were foiled. And from our front they soon recoiled. But later we can recollect A rebel raid of more effect. That on one early springtime night Removed our General from our sight, And all bcause his camp out there AVas just beyond the "Thirteenth's care. 'Twas in his place our Stannard came, He placed our record high on fame. Comrades, perhaps we'll m-ver know How much to him we really owe. But winter passed and springtime came. The pent-up fires burst out in flame. We listened long one bright May day To rumblings forty miles away At Fredericksburg, where cannoDS loud Wreathed o'er its fields the battle shroud. And as the sound came heavier, clear- er. How we all wished it never nearer. Delusive wish. One bright June day We struck our tents and marched away. Long dreary days through mud and rain. O'er hill and dale, o'er field and plain. Till on the seventh our leading ones Commanded, "Haiti Inspect your guns!" And as we looked few miles ahead We saw the smoke of battle red. The Colonel said in cheering tones, ■Remember, boys, your State and homes. The fight is on. there's danger near. But for your record I've no fear." The Thirteenth on that bloody field No disposition showed to yield. When on their left the line gave way To rebel charge the second day. Quick from their place in line they s|irung into that deadly breach they swung. And mid that storm of shot and shell His horse went down, tne Colonel fell. His hat was lost — he gained his feet. His voice rang out his men to greet. "Come on. my boys! I'm yet all right. And still will lead you in the fight." "Colonel, can you retrieve tne day. Retake those cannon dragged away?" Said Hancock, gazing o'er the field. Seeing the guns that had to yield. "We'll try", said Randall, "Here's the men Vermonters from her mountain glen. Forward, Thirteenlii ! and run like heur Ran through that din of shot and shell. His springing feet, his naked head'. His waving sword the column led; And as he reached the captured guns. As though he weighed an hundred ton<=. His waving sword came rushing down With thundering voice ind warlike frown He cried. "Surrender ! We're the ones, Vermonters, who will take these guns." "V'et not content. "Come on, my boys. Those rebel guns must stop their noise. The Tliiiii-riilli Kcyiiiicnl I cniuiiil I ohintccf: 781 They've bothered us quite long enough ; We'll show them now we're up to snuff." Thus Randall thought, "I know its rash. But we can take them with a dash." Forward again across the field. And those two guns were forced to yield. Then night came on, the war notes closed. The war worn troops in sleep reposed. Next day the war dogs spoke again As Longstreet tried with might and main To break our center, drive us back, And send destruction on our track. An hundred cannon roared and screamed Their vengeful noise, until it seemed The air was full, and e'en their breath Was freighted with the blight of death. For hours those howling missiles fiew. And louder, nearer seeming grew Till all at once 'twas quiet still. And e'en the stillness brought a chill. What now? See men all standing thick! They're coming on a double quick! They'll soon find out of what stuff made Is Stannard's new Vermont brigade. 'Tis Pickett's legions, veterans all. Through many storms of shell and ball They've marched with an unbroken front. Now coming on as they were wont To come before. The.y walk! They run! Intrepid heroes, every one! The quickened movement of their pace Fast narrows up the little space Between our lines. Each grips his gun With nerve and muscle tighter strung! Now close behind our cannon broke That awful silence! And the smoke And din of war rolled on again Across that blood-stained battle plain. Those gaps where Pickett's heroes fell. From roaring cannon's grape and shell. Were quickly filled, and on they came Through storms of bullets, shot and flame. Now comes the clash of glittering steel As back and forth the columns reel Until that valley bright and vernal Resembled but the pit infernal. Hold. Comrades, look! Now on your right Is seen the fiercest of the fight. Stannard commands. "VermoiUcrs, wheel! And give that foe your strongest steel!" The brigade wheeled, and on their flank Sent swift-winged death from rank to rank. They broke, they hailed, quailed and fled Before that reeking storm of lead. That front and flank ong afterwards Gen. Lafayette was entertained here by the Masonic Lodge, and lodged at this house during the festivities incident to his visit. Few of the old colonial buildings of Virginia left standing have more interesting historical associations than the old Carlyle Mansion, which forms a portion of the Old Braddock Hotel, on North Fairfax Street, built by .lohn Carlyle in 1745, and is still in a good state of preservation. Fairfax Court House is fourteen miles distant, Manassas twenty-seven. Winchester ninety, Fredericksburg fifty, Richmond one hun- dred and ten, and Norfolk two hundred and ten miles. Leaving Alexandria we soon cross Hunting Creek, a familiar name to the 13th Vermont. On the left in the distance is the site of Old Camp Vermont, and near by Fort Lyon, which we with pick and shovel constructed. We remember around it, in almost every direction, the plains and hill slopes were white with tents of the gathered regiments, brigades and divisions of Union soldiers. Everywhere over the suddenly populated region was heard the drum's wild beat, the fife's shrill notes, the bugle's echoing calls. The numerous remains of their intrenchments. including our own old Fort Lyon, earth works and other defences, are still prominent at every turn for miles around, attest the melancholy certainty that great preparations were made for the impending conflict. Near by is Bailey's Cross Roads where was manneuvred by the Union forces, one of the grandest military reviews under General McClellan. of any country or time. All of the estates hereabout in old colonial days were large. The Mason estate on Hunting Creek, the site of Camp Vermont, originally consisted of two thousand acres. Thomas Mason, a son of George, the patriot, hereinafter referred to. built the mansion here, and resided there after the Revolutionary War, the original mansion house was destroyed by fire about 1824. The Thirteenth Keijiiiient I'erniout I 'oiiiiiteers 787 Arriving at Fairfax Station we were met by Mr. Edward Hamill with nine teams. (And right here it will be interesting to explain that Hamill, when we were encamped at Camp Widow Violet in the spring of 1863, was the tenyman in the Government employ at Occoquan, and well known at that time to many members of the regiment). Mr. Hamill as guide and trainmaster transported us, first, to Fairfax Court House. The very name of the place calls up many interesting associations, adventures and experiences. To describe scarcely any of these would occupy too much space for this article. At Fairfax Court House we visited the County Clerk's office and Court House. Court was in session, but many of us took a look within at the room we had visited nearly forty years preceding our present excursion. We drank at the old well, but not from "the same canteen." and lived over again the events so indelibly impressed upon our memories. We finally repaired to the front yard of the house wherein our doughty General Stoughton had his headquarters and from whence he started on his enforced excursion to Richmond, Va., with Mosby and his men as an escort. In this front yard our Regimental Association held a meeting, a report of which follows this article. Here an address was made by Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh, late of Company K, who in well chosen words rehearsed the experiences of our Regiment at this point, as follows: "December 12th, 1862, the Second Vermont Brigade, to which the 13th Vermont belonged, marched to this place from near Alexandria and camped in a grove north- west of the village. They suffered much from cold before their tents arrived, which was several days later. They remained here five weeks, the regiments taking turns in going forward to Centreville, for a few days, holding the fortifications there and picketing along the Bull Run, in connection with other troops. Our time was taken up by Guard Mount, Company, Regimental and Brigade Drill. Early on the eve of December 27th, the long roll sounded, and the regiments hastily formed in line. "The outpost had reported that Stuart's Cavalry was moving rapidly upon the village from the south and east. Colonel Randall was in attendance upon a court- martial at Alexandria, but Lieutenant Colonel Brown led the regiment on a double quick through the village and into a rifle pit which crossed the Alexandria pike, a quarter of a mile to the east. "When the men became silent the approach of the enemy over the frozen ground could be distinctly heard in the clear frosty air. Apparently they had reached the pike and were forming, to charge from the east. A solitary horseman having passed the Union picket, came dashing down the pike from that direction, paused a moment by General Stoughton, and then passed in the rear of the 13th. This was Colonel Randall. When the voice of Colonel Randall was heard, the anxious men experienced relief and reassurance. He had heard of the raid and had ridden with all speed from Alexandria. It was only by strategy, that he made his way through the fore- most of the Confederates along the pike. "A charge by the enemy's advance was soon repulsed by General Stoughton's skirmishers, and when our artillery opened General Stuart moved away, and flanked the town to the north. The 13th regiment was moved rapidly to intercept him, but only to become very warm by running and then nearly to freeze before returning to camp in the morning. On the 20th of January, the regiment marched south, twelve miles to Wolf Run Shoals. "There are other interesting facts which occurred here later, which I will leave for Colonel Clark to relate at our next stopping place, not wishing to appropriate all of his thunder." Following the address by Comrade Marsh three old-time cheers were given him and given with a will, and here we elected as an honorary member of our Association, Mr. Philip Sheridan Randall, son of Colonel F. V. Randall, of glorious and blessed memory. Mr. Randall was touched to the heart by our action. In a few well chosen words, and evidently from the heart, he thanked the Association for the great honor •conferred upon him. With three more cheers tor the son of our old Colonel, we adjourned and re-embarked in the conveyances of Mr. Hamill for our next encampment. The scenes and condition of the country about Fairfax Court House and Fairfax Station were little changed from what they were when we were lords of that country thirty nine years ago. While passing en-route from Fairfax Court House to Wolf Run Shoals, we passed one especially fine farm, now occupied by a Dr. Brooks. The writer of this sketch for the space of a week or ten days was a private guards- man at this house to keep our comrades from conflscating chickens, lambs and pigs. It was then, as now, the finest farm in all that country. The road from Fairfax Station to our old camp at Wolf Run Shoals is little ■changed in thirty-nine years. The first three miles of the road from Fairfax Station to Four Cross Roads (now called Wood's Store, a small store, a couple of houses and a blacksmith's shop) is a continuous forest, there being only one or two houses in small openings in all of this distance, looking tor all the world precisely as it did thirty- nine years ago. From Wood's Store to Farr P. O., another cross roads a couple of miles farther on, there are a few more houses of the most ordinary kind in small openings 788 7/m' Tliiitrriilli h'tu/iiiu-iil I'criiuint I 'dlitiilcrrs in the forest. At tlif Four Corners, now Farr Post Office, is tiie |ioint wfiere the 12th Vermont Keginienl joined us when we were niakinK our nienioraljle niarch to Gettys- burg. Tlie Henderson Pilie crosses the road from Fairfax Station to Wolf Run Shoals at this |)Oint. From these four corners into our old camp Wolf Run Shoals, were many houses still standing that were familiar to us from old association. — houses where we sometimes foraged and sometimes bought of the natives then residing there, and at one of which our good Comrade Marsh was sick nigh unto death. Arriving at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, of course the hills were there as we knew them^ but it was very hard to locate definitely and exactly our old camping ground. A fairly well kei)t farm owned by a Mr. Fairfax now nccu])ies the site of our old camp. In the past, when we occupied this camp, the hills beyond the Hull Run stream were not wooded. To-day they are densely covered with a pine forest, while on the side of Hull Run where our camp was situated the hills and ravines are there as we knew them, but the woods and the cleared ijlaces have entirely changed, as have the maps of our own faces in the two score years that have intervened since we knew them. Here we had refreshments that had been provided by the committee in charge. Comrade H. O. Clark made an interesting address, as follows: "Comrades: Again we are on the spot where we camped and slept nearly forty years ago. Many changes have come to each and all of us but there has been little- change here. We found it woods, we laid our company streets in corduroy, we built our stockades from the white oak, which, as you remember, cut, split and burned readily, even the day it was cut, and when we were ready to move from here instead of dense woods we left a clearing, with only stumps to show where trees had been; now we come back and find the stumps gone, the corduroy streets and stockades gone, and again the woods as if inviting us to make our camp. Hut while nature has- renewed the surroundings here it has not renewed or invigorated us. In our hearts we are as young as forty years ago, but physically we are getting to be old men. The hardships we endured then and thought little of would be disastrous to us now. One week of camp life here would bring us all under the surgeon's order rather than the colonel's. The regiment came from Fairfax Court House to this spot .Tanuary 20th, '63. We formed camp on this hillside. The company streets running from the main track down toward the creek. The colonels', lieutenant colonels' and other field officers' tents were on the summit of the knoll. Company A was where they supported a battery of artillery, and was permanently located at the ford about a mile south. The regiment occupied the outer line of the defences of Washington, and its main duty here was keeping guard on the fords in this vicinity on the Occoquan river. We had winter weather, some snow, and plenty of rain and mud. We had few drills, but used to have a daily dress parade on the field south of the camp, also frequent practice in target firing. Notwithstanding the inclement weather I do not remember that we had any unusual amount of sickness, nor do I remember that any of us suf- fered from cold or other causes. Most of our tents were stockaded and in all there was some kind of a device for heating. Some had stoves, many had stone fireplaces, some holes in the ground with an underground flue connecting with the chimney outside. These chimneys were unique affairs, built of small sticks like the cob houses of our childhood days, and plastered with mud inside and out. usually about five- feet in height. You will remember a playful custom that prevailed when a man had company in his tent and was apparently having an especially good time, some envious chap would step up on the outside and drop a few cartridges down the chimney. This pleasure created confusion inside the tent, with loud and violent language, and threats of sudden death or disablement at least of the perpetrator if caught, which seldom resulted. "Perhaps you will remember our theatre,— at least the structure built over in that direction and pretending to be a theatre for the use of the boys. I did not know then, nor do I now know w^ho it was that originated this scheme. I know it was proposed that we build a theatre, and the idea meeting with favor, two or three hundred of us set to work, some digging a trench around a piece of ground about thirty by forty feet, others cutting down the white oaks and splitting them in half; others carrying them in and standing them close together in the trench which was then refilled, and the cracks were plastered with mud and made tight. A door was put in and the whole covered with flies from wall tents; benches were put in, a platform built and in a couple of days the theatre was ready for occupancy. We had worked hard and now- expected to get some benefit from our labors, but no one seemed to take any steps toward theatrical or other amusement, and our theatre threatened to become rather a useless structure. Some time after completion, however, a couple of boys coming into camp about 10 p. m.. were surprised to see that it was occupied. The lights inside showing through the canvas roof plainly indicated that at least there was some- thing doing. Thev tried the door and found it fastened on the inside. After knocking, it was opened by a man with a drawn sword who asked what they wanted; replying that thev wanted to come in.' they were refused admission, and ordered away. Pro- testing that they had helped build the theatre and had a right to enter, an officer appeared from the interior, (not of our regiment), who hastily inquired by what right The Thirfccnth Rryimciit J'cnnont I'oUiiitccrs 789 they were out of camp at that hour, and ordered them to return to their quarters forthwith, or take the penalty of being absent from camp without leave. Argument in this case was out of the question and the boys returned to camp. Inquiries were started next day, however, which resulted in showing that this was not a theatre, or intended tor a theatre. That some of the officers and older men were members of the Masonic fraternity, and having a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Vermont to organize a lodge here, had gotten up the theatre story to get the boys, most of them under twenty-one years of age, and therefore ineligible to join the Masonic order, to build them a lodge room. They were entirely successful in their scheme, and none of us boys were ever permitted to enter the structure we had erected, after its completion. It was a clear case of bunco. "Our supplies were brought here by wagons from Fairfax Station. You will all re- member the corduroy road we built and perhaps some of you have ridden over it in an army wagon. The ride down the hill with the mules on a run. the mud flying up between the logs twenty feet high and the wagon wheels only hitting every third log is an experience that one does not forget in forty years. It was while we were at this camp that General Stoughton was captured, March 9th, at the Court House. You saw the brick house where he was quartered; many of those here have been there at Brigade Guard Mount. You may remember there was a young lady. Miss Ford, whom we used to see frequently with General Stoughton. We always thought he was as you may say, 'sweet on her.' and I presume he was. She was of 'secesh' pro- clivities and it has been alleged that it was through information from her that he was captured. A year or two afterward she married a Union officer, a Vermonter, Major J. Willard. She died a few years later, leaving a son who now has a residence at Fairfax and is at the present time Lieutenant Governor of the state of Virginia. He also has a house in Washington, owns the new Willard Hotel, and is said to be the richest man in Washington. After Stoughton's capture Colonel Blunt commanded the brigade till Stannard was appointed Brigadier General. "While encamped here the boys used to scout around considerably, and pigs, calves, etc., found their way to camp much to the annoyance of the resident people in the vicinity, who made loud complaints to the Colonel, He finally issued an order forbidding foraging of all kinds. Still complaints came in, mainly referring to loss of poultry. The Colonel claimed it must be the men of the 12th regiment camped over there. They had some bad men and it must be they. Finally an old gentleman came one morning in a high state of Indignation, stating a soldier had been at his house that morning and stolen his last two chickens. The colonel said it must have been one of those bad 12th regiment men. The old man said, 'no, it was a 13th man,' as he saw him and ordered him to drop the chickens, which the soldier refused to do, and more than that he used "disrespectful and insulting language' to him, and he demanded that the soldier be punished. The Colonel said it could not have been a 13th man as he had issued orders forbidding such conduct, and he knew none of his men would disobey any order he issued. The old gentleman insisted that it was a man of our regiment as he had '13' on his cap and he would know the man' and insisted on his punishment, or he would complain to headquarters. The Colonel said he could not believe it was any of his men, but that the old gentleman could look around the camp, and if he could identify and provel the case against any of his men he would see that he was severely punished. Accompanied by the officer of the guard, the old man proceeded to look over the camp. In one of the company streets in front of a tent they saw feathers; lifting the flap of the tent, there sat a soldier, '13' on top of his cap, one chicken dressed and cut up, a. second one in hand from which he was just picking the feathers. The old gentleman identified the man and the chickens, and both men were taken to the Colonel's tent. He at once flew into a rage greater apparently than that of the old gentleman, ordered the man placed with his back to a tree, and a gun strap passed around both binding him tight to the tree; then had the long roll beat, and as the men assembled, he walked up and down, pulling his long moustache, he addressed them to this effect: 'You see this miserable rascal — been caught stealing chickens. You know I issued an order forbidding such things, and when I issue an order I want it obeyed. Now take notice, if any of you steal any more chickens from this respectable and loyal gentleman, and use insulting and disrespectful language to him or any other like him, and leave the feathers in front of your tent, I'll have you hung up by the thumbs. I will.' It is hardly necessary to add that none of the 13th Vermont was ever caught stealing chickens, or with feathers around his quarters. "We remained here till April 2nd, when the regiment moved to Camp Widow Violet, five miles down the river. The march was made on a bright, warmj day, and was fatiguing as the men were somewhat out of the habit and were heavily loaded with accumulations of three months' camp life. "It was forty years ago to-morrow since the regiment was sworn into the United States service at Brattleboro, October 9th, 1862." And with three cheers we turned our backs upon the place once so familiar, and wended our way, via the Henderson Pike by the same route that we took thirty-nine 790 Till' Thirteenth Rcyiiiicitt I cniiont I 'ohintccrs years ago to our Camp Widow Violet, a mile and a half from Occoquan. Here there have been comparatively few changes in the fields and timber round and about. The field where our camp was situated looked as familiar as if it were only last year that we were there. The Davis house, with its large stone chimney at the end of the house, was a familiar object recognized by us all, though there has been an addition built to it in recent years, and here we were addressed by Comrade H. W. Allen, in the following happily chosen words: "Comrades: On April 2nd, 1863, we moved from Wolf Run Shoals some six or seven miles away to Camp Carusi, a half mile or so in the rear of this field. The camp becoming unhealthy, we moved to a field on the farm of the Widow Violet, after whom the camp was named, to the right of where we now stand, taking the place of a cavalry force which had been stationed here. Our duty was to guard the ferry at Occoquan village, a mile or so distant, and the several fords up to Davis' ford, three miles below Wolf Run Shoals. Capt. Munson as Brigade Provost Marshal, as 1 remember, remained at Fairfa.\ Court House for a time and made a search for firearms, finding all manner of things which the owners relinquished with great reluctance. On May \\, three army wagons and drivers and three men about two miles out of camp were captured. "Captain Munson took three companies and went out to Brentsville capturing horses to replace those taken. Sergeant Clark of Company D, had charge of a detail of scouts who scoured the country across the river, having many adventures and doing good service. "Broke camp June 2.oth, marching to Union Mills where we joined the brigade on its march to Gettysl)urg. It was from this camp that Lieutenant Colonel A. C. Brown left us. Chaplain Sargent died in the corner room of this house which we knew as the Davis house. The Cth Michigan cavalry were eucamped to the right of where we now stand. I would be glad to talk longer but our chief guide, Mr. Edward Hammil, in charge of the teams and proprietor of Hotel Hammil, at Occoquan, (who, by-the- way, was in charge of the old ferry at the river in 1863. and whose good wife is a niece of General Ashby, of Confederate fame) says a good dinner is waiting for us, and I am sure you would prefer that to a more lengthy address." What will be more interesting to the surviving members of the 13th Vermont, with reference to these old estates that existed hereabout in Colonial times, is Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason, the distinguished patriot, whose name is very prominent in early Virginia history, and especially in that portion of it which relates to the Revolutionary conflict. He was not a soldier and had no aspirations for authority, dignity or honor, but he was a thinker, and a most forceful writer, and better than all, a man of good principle and honest purpose. Gunston Hall is one of the very few dwelling places of the Upper Potomac tide water region that are still standing as in the past, one stone upon another. Its interior of spacious apartments with their high ceilings, wainscotings and elaborate stairways, has been put in pleasing order, and its exterior of quaint roofs and gables, and dormer windows and tall chimneys has been well cared for. This manorial domain consisted of seven thousand acres and extended along up the Occo- quan river to the village of Occoquan, and our encampment — Camp Widow Violet- was on the border of this estate. The estate was divided into numerous plantations, namely: Gunston, Occoquan, Pohick. Stump .Neck, Hallowing Point, and Dogue Run. It was George Mason, the lord of this valuable estate, who drew up the Bill of Rights; he also wrote the constitution which declared Virginia independent of Great Britain, and which was adopted on June 29th, 1776. The first draft was written at Gunston Hall, and was there considered by George Washington. Thomas Jefferson, and other great men, before they submitted it to the delegates. This George Mason, of whom we speak, was the fifth descendant from George Mason, member of Parliament, who took refuge in Virginia from the hate of Cromwell in 1651. He afterwards commanded a regiment under Charles II. and fought at the battle of Worcester. He fled to Virginia in disguise almost a century before the time of Washington, and was the founder of the Mason family in the Old Dominion. A rough hewn granite stone marks the site of the grave of George Mason, of Revolutionary fame, and reads as follows: GEORGE MASON, author of the Bill of Rights and First Constitution of Virginia. 1726-1792. The Thirtcciitli Regiment Vermont J'olunteers 791 Another large estate in this vicinity was that of Belvoir, the home of the Fairfaxes, and consisted of several thousand acres. In 1814, that portion of the walls of Belvoir which were left standing from a previous fire, was leveled by the shot from the British fleet of General Gordon, when retreating down the Potomac from the partial destruction of Washington and Alexandria. Old Mount Vernon estate, the mecca toward which thousands of patriotic feet are turned annually, consisted of eight thousand acres, which in Washington's time was divided into five main farms or plantations, and extended ten miles along tide water. Six miles from the Mount Vernon Mansion, and four miles from the Potomac river, stands the old Pohick Church, the second building of the parish, erected in 1772. The first edifice was erected in 1732. Doubtless there are but few of the members of our regiment but what will recall this quaint old church and some may have, as the writer has, some relic of it to this day. Since the war, by the munificence of various individuals, the old church has been restored to its original appearance and condition, and regular service is being held within its walls. Another historical landmark, now largely overgi'own with trees, but still readily traced, and situated about seven-eighths of a mile south of our encampment, Camp Widow Violet, is the military road. It crosses the Potomac on the Mount Vernon Estate northward at a point then known as Clifton Ferry, and extended southward via Gum Springs, thence through the Woodlawn estate, through Accotink, passing about one-third of a mile south of Pohick Church, thence in a direct line to Occoquan village, and as above stated, about seven-eighths of a mile south of our encampment, Camp Widow Violet. Not in all of the thirteen colonies was there a more historic road than this which coursed down from the mountains, over to Occoquan, and southward to the Carolinas, and northward to the northern colonies. Over this road many historic scenes of old appear and vanish as we look and dream of the events that have transpired in its pathway. Over it Washington and his friends, in times of peace preceding the Revolutionary War, often passed: over it Braddock passed northward to his disastrous battle with the French and Indians: over it Washington often passed in going to the house of the Burgesses at Williamsburg. In our mind's eye we can see sitting on a well bred steed, slick, prim and matronly looking, and attired in silk and laces. Lady Washington, formerly the widow Custis. Our dream carries us farther, and we see the immortal host of Washington, of Greene, of Lafayette, and of Wayne, commanding their continental armies, marching along this highway going to the closing act of the great Revolutionary drama at Yorktown. Boarding our conveyances again we went along the road familiar to every member of the regiment when we were encamped here to Occoquan, to the hotel kept by Mr. Hammil, where his good wife had provided bounteously for us in the old Virginia fashion — fried chicken and ham with accessories galore. It is interesting to say in this connection that Mrs. Hammil was first cousin to the celebrated Ashbys. those dashing Confederate officers, who, perhaps next to Lee, Stuart and Mosby, were first in the hearts of Virginia Confederates. After we gathered about the table in the Hotel Hammil and stood uncovered, our Reverend Comrade, S. F. Gale, of Jack- sonville, Fla., gave thanks. As he poured out his soul to the Great Commander in thanksgiving that we were permitted to return again to these familiar scenes after two score of years: that God had preserved our lives and granted us this unspeakable privilege of visiting again those scenes where our comradeship was cemented amidst fire of battle, suffering of march and bivouac, it goes without saying that all of our hearts most enthusiastically joined him in that petition. The very well springs of our hearts overflowed as the good comrade brother poured out his soul to God in those well chosen words of thanks and praise, following a hearty dinner for which our stomachs were well prepared. Addresses were made by Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown, Judge C. S. Palmer, James B. Scully, W. W. Holden, Dr. John B. Crandall, and D. S. Stoddard, who recited an original poem, two verses of which we insert: Another thing we'll ne'er forget. While on this globe we stay: Our thanks are due and tendered those, Who foot the bills to-day. Now thirteen cheers for our comrades three Who've brought this meeting round; Thereby enabling us to see Once more, our old camp ground. Other addresses were intended, but the time was so short when we must take the train three miles distant and return home again, that this privilege and pleasure was denied to several, and so we returned again to Washington, late at night, after having enjoyed a day with joy unspeakable, such as is given to but few men to enjoy 79^ The Thirtccitth Kcijiiiicitt I 'cniiont I 'oluiitccrs in this lifetime. In these sacred hours spent in revisiting the places made sacred by the things we did there, how our hearts welled up within us. It is not too much to say that each one for himself and al! for each one. thought in his heart that as some- times the clouds in the western sky are gilded with a golden brilliancy even after the sun is lost to view. — a brilliancy which no artist can iniitate-so were the memories born of the occasion as lasting and beautiful as the gilded clouds we sometimes see in the western sky, — memories that we will carry with us until the last one has marched down Into the valley of death and crossed over to the Eternal Camping Ground, to rest beneath the low green tents whose curtains swing no more back forever. While enroute from Fairfax Court House to our old camp at. Wolf Run Shoals, evidences of our handiwork were apparent all along the road way. The very logs were there that we cut and |)laced in corduroy and we drove over them as we were wont to drive and march in the days so long ago. This was remarkable to all. but from the natives we verified the facts that they were the same logs that we laid, only here and there they had been replaced as time had decayed them in places. There were forty-one of the old comrades in the parly, viz: — Field and Staff. Lieut. Col. A. C. Rrown. Assistant Surgeon J. B. Crandall. Q. M. S. Guy Smith. Montpelier. Vt. Sterling, 111. Boston. Mass. James B. Scully. Heman W. Allen. 1st Sergeant. Private, Burlington. Vt. O. C. Wilder, D. S. Stoddard, Byron J. Stockwell, Captain, Corporal, Private, Waitsfield, Vt. Sullivan P. Gale, S. W. Benjamin, 1st Sergeant, Private, Jacksonville, Fla. Montpelier, Vt. Henry O. Clark, William Crosby, Mark Day, George N. Wright, Myron P. Scullin, Sergeant, Private, Corporal, East Orange, N. J. Vergennes, Vt. Rockford. lU. Colchester. Vt. Burlington. Vt. Lemuel P. Butts, Henry Mudgett, No. Hyde Park, Vt. Johnson. Vt. Co. P. L. F. Terrill. Fred A. Slater, George S. Bliss, B. F. Brown. Cassius M. Booth, Caleb P. Nash, Cornelius M. Palmer, Corporal. Musician, Private, Jericho. Vt. Lyons. Ohio Worcester. Mass. Williston. Vt. Essex Junction. Vt. Brattleboro. Vt. Chicago. 111. Co. G. Wiliam O. Brigham, Private. Bakersfield. Vt. C. W. Searles, Charles C. Varney, William W. Holden. George A. Peck, 2d Lieutenant, Sergeant, Corporal, Private, W. Berkshire, Barre, North field, Montpelier, The Thirteenth Regiment ]'erniont Volunteers 793 E. C. Wilson, C. L. Marsh, W. A. Cooper, A. J. Chadwick, Henry B. Meigs, Phil Sheridan Randall, M. D L. Thompson, Ira C. Morse, Frank C. Forbes, A, H. Hershey, George M. Lane, Henry C. Smith, Private, 2d Lieutenant, Corporal, Private, GUESTS Ellendale, Co. C, 12th Vt., Captain, Co. E, 9th Vt., Co. A, 1st Vt. Cav., East Franklin, Enosburg Falls, West Berlin, Enosburg Falls, Baltimore, Md. South Dakota. Burlington. Jericho, Williston. Sterling, 111. Springfield, Mass. Burlington, Vt. REPORT OF ASSOCIATION MEETING. At a meeting of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association held at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, October 9th, 1902. President S. W. Benjamin, presiding, on motion of C. L. Marsh, Phil Sheridan Randall, of Ellendale, South Dakota, a son of our late Col. F. V. Randall, was unani- mously elected an honorary member of this Association. Mr. Randall responded in a neat speech, thanking the survivors of the regiment for the evidences of regard and respect shown for the memory of his father, and for the honor conferred upon him. At a later meeting the same day, on the train between Occoquan and Alexandria, President Benjamin presiding, on motion of H. W. Allen, Henry C. Smith, of Burling- ton, (Co. A, 1st Vermont Cavalry) was unanimously elected an honorary member, to which he responded in a happy manner. On motion of Surgeon J. B. Crandall, Captain A. H. Hershey, of Sterling, 111., a guest of the Committee of this "Day in Virginia" excursion, was unanimously elected an honorary member, to which he fittingly responded. H. W. Allen explained regarding the United States Flag, the Silk Guidons and Banner carried during the parade at Washington, and on this excursion by Orderly Sergeant James B. Scully, of Company A. and Comrade William Crosby, of Company D, saying the Association should own them. Col. A. C. Brown made a motion which was carried unanimously, that the treas- urer be directed to pay tor these articles and they become the property of the Associa- tion and be placed with the secretary for safe keeping. A subsequent motion was made by Col. Brown that the markers be inscribed "A Day in Virginia, October 9th, 1902." The excursion was conceived and planned by a self-appointed committee of three. Forty-one survivors and guests left Washington, October 9th. at 8 a. m. in a special car for Fairfax Station, on the Southern R. R.; at the station they took carriages or Virginia wagons, nine in number, making first stop at Fairfax Court House, returning to the station, thence to Wolf Run Shoals, where a light lunch was served; thence to Occoquan via Camp Carusi and Widow Violet. At Occoquan Village dinner was served at Hotel Hammil. At 6:2.5, took the train for Washington on the Southern R. R., where a special car was ready for the party, reaching Washington at 7:40 p. m. The weather was superb, the railroad accommodations excellent and the teams according to contract. Numerous expressions indicated a most enjoyable day for all concerned. The party was so large that it was not deemed expedient to take the ladies. A drive about Washington was given them under the direction of Mrs. C. L. Marsh, which was thoroughly enjoyed. H. W. ALLEN, Acting Secretary. Note — The U. S. Flag, the Silk Guidons and the Banner, suitably mounted and inscribed as directed: "A Day in Virginia, October 9th, 1902," were afterwards pre- sented to the 13th Vermont Regiment Association by Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown, and are in the keeping of the Secretary. The Thirteenth Rcy'uncnt J'crmont Volunteers 795 PERSONAL SKETCH BY CAPTAIN FRANK KENFIELD. ABOUT the year 1792 my grandfather, George Kenfleld, moved from Bow, N. H., and settled in Morristown, Vt., and was one of the early settlers of this town. He built a log house on a farm, which I now own, west of Morristown corners. Here my father, Asaph Kenfleld, was born June 26th, 1794, being the youngest of eleven children, also being the first male child born in Morristown. When he was ten years of age grandfather moved to Sterling, an adjoining town, (which is now a part of Morristown) and here built a house and cleared up the wilderness to make a farm. My father lived with his parents until both passed away, and then married my mother. Miss Eliza Ann Shephard, who was born and raised in the state of New York. My grandfather died July 24th, 1821, aged 85 years. My grandmother died January Sth, 1S23, aged 65 years. I was born March 13th, 1838 on this farm in Sterling, where I lived until 17 years of age, when my father repurchased the old farm where he was born, and moved onto it. I had one brother, Horace and one sister, Jane Ann, both younger. Previous to this my advantages for school were poor, the nearest school house being three miles away, which I attended during the winter term, walking this distance night and morn- ing over bad roads, and many times through deep and drifting snow. In our new home the advantages for school were much improved, as near by was a district school, which I attended, and finished my education at the People's Academy at Morrisville. I attended the fall and spring terms, and taught school in the winter to help out on expenses. In the fall of 1858 I went to Massachusetts and that winter taught school in West Sutton, and at the close of the term went to Boston, and worked through the summer until fall, when I went West. The first stop was Chicago. At that time Chicago was a small place, and little did 1' think that it was destined to become the large and commercial city that it is to-day. I continued on my westerly course until I reached the Mississippi river at Prairie du Chien. In those days the Mississippi river was the great thoroughfare between the west and south, and most of the transportation was done by steamers constantly plying up and down this river, as at that time steam railroads were in their infancy. Prom here my course was down this river, stopping at all the prominent places until I landed in New Orleans. La., in December 1859. I remained in this state, working in different sections, both on the cotton plantation, and in the pineries until the next spring, and the 12th day of April, I860, I took a steamer at New Orleans for the north and home, where I arrived the first of May. During my stay in the south, I improved my opportunities to learn the ways of the people, and their institutions. At that time the institution of slavery was at its height, and I saw the workings of this great curse in all its form. I saw men, women and children, sold and traded in the same ^ as cattle. Husband and wife separated and each sold to a different master. Children sold and taken from their mothers, all of which was a common occurrence in those days in the South. In New Orleans as in other large places where slave marts or pens, where human beings were traded in the same as other goods and chattels, both at auction and private sale. The price of these goods varied in the amount according to age and conditions from a very low price up to $2,500. and in some cases perhaps more. Usually the men brought a higher price than the women. I had always felt that American slavery was a great wrong, and was a blot and a stain upon our nation, that should be wiped away, and during my stay as I saw the workings of It I saw nothing to change this theory, but on the contrary, to intensify it. The people of the south at that time as a general thing were rich and there was no good reason why they should not be as the slaves did the work without expense except for food and clothing, which was of the cheapest kind, and they raised large quantities of cotton and sugar which brou.ght good prices and made their income a large one, and not only this the slaves themselves represented fortunes which could he readily turned into money. The people were generous, kind and hospitable, and during my stay with them I can but have a kindly feeling towards them for the true hospitality I received at their hands. They believed that the institution of slavery was right. They had been brought up to believe this, that the colored man was made to be the slave of the white man. This doctrine was preached from the pulpit, taught in the schools, and discussed in the home circles, and by this training through all their lives, for generations, they were sincere in this belief. There existed a bitter feeling towards the anti-slave element of the north and war was threatened on every 796 The Thirteenth Re(iiiitcnt I'ernuDit I'olitnteers hand provided the next president elected was opposed to slavery. At this time the black clouds of war were gathering, and I was fully convinced that soon it must come, and in one year from the time 1 left, it burst forth In all its fury. On my return home I built a saw mill and commenced the lumber business. In April, 18C1, Fort Sumter was fired u|)on and the whole north was aroused as never before. Volunteers were called for and recruiting soon commenced. On account of having lost two fore fingers on my right hand I could not be accepied. This was a bar to enlisting during the early stages of the war, but when the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment was raised I enlisted as a private in Company K, and soon after that the com- pany was organized at Morrisville. and I was elected second lieutenant. On my first medical examination I was rejected on account of the loss of my fingers, but later was accepted and mustered into the I'nited States service with the Company. Here at Morrisville we drilled for some time and were then ordered to Brattle- boro where we joined the regiment and were nuisterd into the United States service October :ird. 1862. On the llth of October we left the state lapitol for Washington, arriving there on the 13th. Here we encamped on Kast Capitol Hill, which at that time was a tract of uneven pasture land, but to-day it has become an attractive part of that beautiful city of Washington, completly covered wih nice buildings with well laid out asphalt streets and avenues. October 30th we left here and marched across Long Bridge into Virginia and encanii)ed the first night on Arlington Heights, the abandoned home of General Lee. The next day we marched to the heights south of Alexandria and formed a camp which we called "Camp Vermont." Here we did fatigue duty working on Fort I..yon, picketing and drilling until November 26th, when we broke camp marching through Alexandria to Fairfax Court House, arriving at Union .Mills the next day. Here we guarded the railroad and maintained a strong picket line along liiill Run. On the 5th of December we were relieved by other troops and returned to Camp Vermont going to Alexandria on flat bottom cars in a big snow storm which will long be remembered by all who took part, arriving at Camp Vermont the next day. December 12th we again marched to Fairfax Court House and en- camped north west of the village. Here we again did picket duty along Bull Run, and other guard duties. Here we remained until .January 20th. when we went to Wolf Run Shoals. This camp we fitted up for winter and occupied it until the first of April and then went to Camp Carusi. This last was a beautiful camp near the Occoquan river. Here we remained until we took up our march for Gettysburg. Here I was promoted to first lieutenant and received my commission dated June 12th. 1S63. On the mornin.g of July 2.Tth we broke camp and took up our march for Union Mills where we arrived some time after noon. This was an extremely warm day and through some unknown cause my face had become so swollen and jjuffed up that I could hardly see, and it was with difficulty that 1 could march. When we came to a halt I sent for the surgeon and he said "T had got poisoned, and the thing for me to do was to go to a hospital." I did not relish the idea of leaving my company at this lime, but saw no other way out of it, and as there was a string of flat bottom cars going to Alexandria, and by the aid of some of the boys I mounted one of these cars, and arrived at the hospital that evening. I remained here but one day and two nights when I had recovered. Then the great question was how to reach my regiment. I went to the provost-marshal, and was told that Lee was marching with his army up into Pennsylvania and not a train went six miles out of the city, and he could tell me nothing about my regiment. Everybody was excited. I went from here to Washington and found the excitement greater it possible. I was determined to reach my regiment if by any means I co\ild do so. Our term of service was about to expire, and we had never been called into action, and I felt sure that there was to be a battle in which my re.giment was to take a i)art, and I wanted to be with them. Not that I was anxious to go into battle and face the cannon's mouth, but should there be one, as there was. I did not want to go home and have it said that I showed the white feather and was at the rear when I should have been at my post and duty. The man that tells you that he has no fear when going into battle, my experience is that he is the first man that will desert his post in time of battle, as there is a dread about it that few, if any, can overcome. There is a great difference in mankind as to bravery, but the bravest are not over anxious to take a hand in a battle like Gettysburg. I found in Washington a train going to Frederick City, Md.. to take troops to join our army. I took this train and when I arrived at Frederick City I was as much at sea as before. The train I came on took General Hooper back, as he had just been relieved and General .Mead placed in command, and quite a little excitement prevailed on this account. I found troops everywhere marching northward but no one knew their destination. I could learn nothing in regard to the 13th Regiment, so 1 took up my march with others. On the night of the 30th of J\ine I arrived at Emmitsburg aiid halted for the night. The night before V had been to General Mead's headquarters but could find out nothing about my regiment. The next morning, July 1st. I started towards Gettysburg. This was the day on which opened the great battle which was to be the turning point of the Civil War. T trudged on with the uppermost thought The Thirteenth Reyiiuent I'eriiiont I'olnnteers 797 in my mind being where is my regiment and how can I find it. The houses along the line were all deserted and I turned up to one and sat down on its veranda, and re- viewed the troops as they marched by. Soon I saw General Sickles and staff coming up the road. I went out and saluted him and inquired if he could tell me where the Second Vermont Brigade was. He said, "Yes, they are about three miles below here and will soon be along." This indeed was a great relief to me as I expected there was to be a battle, and in fact artillery firing could at this time be heard and that great battle had already commenced, and I was anxious to be with my company. After waiting some time I saw the 13th Vermont marcliing up the road, and it never looked EO good to me as it did at this time, and shall always remember what Colonel Randall said as 1 went out to meet them, "Good God, Kenfield, where did you come from?" and as I took my place in the company the boys gave a cheer, as they too supposed I was back in the hospital at Alexandria. We marched on and the sound of battle grew louder as we advanced. When we arrived at Gettysburg it was nearly dark and the first day of the great battle was ended. General Reynolds killed and our forces driven back. After a hurried scant supper of hardtack and coffee, we laid down our arms tor the night, little dreaming what was in store for us during the next two days. The next morning was bright ana clear and firing on the picket lines soon commenced, and a little later the battle opened in different parts of the field, but I am not going to attempt to write an account of this great battle as history has recorded it far better than I could, should I attempt it, and then 1 feel that this sketch is already too long and still I have more 1 wish to say. I will note a few things that came under my observation during the battle and let that suffice. During the day we were ordered to guard a battery, later we were called into action charged a rebel force which had broken through the Union line, drove them back and recaptured seven pieces of artillery and captured a large number of prisoners. That night the regiment lay in the front line. After the battle was over and all was quiet, but the groans of the wounded and dying, I went over a part of the field, and 1 never shall forget the sight I saw by the light of the moon. The groans that I heard haunt me to this day. The ground was literally covered with the dead and wounded, rebel and Union soldiers side by side. The wounded begging for water and 1 did what 1 could to alleviate their sufferings, although it was but little. The ambulance corps was at work taking off the wounded as fast as possible, and by morning nearly all had been cared for. The next morning opened up as the day before, not a cloud to be seen. Soon the battle opened on our left and later it became terrific. We still lay in the front line expecting every moment to go into the fray. The day was terribly hot and as we lay in the open field without shelter the fierce rays of that July sun beat down upon us with such force that it was almost unbearable. Our captain A. J. Davis, was struck down by this heat and taken from the field. This left me in command of the company which I held until the close of the battle. Here we lay until a little past one when the signal gun gave the alarm that the closing scene of that great drama, the battle of Gettysburg, was about to be enacted. Nearly two hundred and fifty cannon from both sides sent forth that terrible rain of shot and shell, which continued for two hours, when that famous charge of Pickett's was made. On they came in our front and we were ready to receive them. Soon the fighting became terrific and not a man in the regiment wavered, but on the contrary everyone seemed determined to check the advancing foe. The steady and rapid firing of our boy's sent death and destruction into their ranks which could not last long. Our loss was heavy but nothing to theirs, and as they came nearer the bayonets were resorted to, and in some instances crossed, but soon they threw down their arms and begged for mercy. We took scores of prisoners and sent them to the rear. I captured a Confederate sword which I still keep as a trophy of that great battle. This charge closed this great battle, the greatest battle of the Civil War, and the Union arms victorious. The 13th Vermont Regiment did nobly, none did better, and here they won for themselves lasting fame which can never be blotted from the pages of American history. After this charge as we were changing our position to the rear I was wounded by the bursting of a stray shell over our heads. This shell killed a number and wounded many more. Here I left the regiment and went to the hospital, and did not see them again until we met at Brattleboro and were mustered out of the United States service. This hospital was an old barn on the field, and w-as filled with wounded. I remained here but one night, and then went to a stone house where some of the surgeons stopped. I remained here a few days and was taken to Philadelphia to a hospital in a church where 1' remained until I went to Brattleboro. and was mustered out with my company July 21st, 1863, and all returned to our homes. Thus ended my first term of service. I had been at home but a short time when I received a letter from Gen. P. T. Washburn asking me to come to Woodstock as he wished to see me. I went and met him at his office and he said he wished to raise two more regiments from the five that had just been mustered out. These to be the 17th and ISth, and he wished me to raise a company for the 17th. I told him I felt that it was quite an undertaking, as I doubted if those men who had just returned would he willing to re-enlist and 798 riic Tliirtcciitli Rcyiiiiciit I'crmont Volunteers go back to the front so soon again, and then these were the darkest days of the rebellion for the north, and it seemed to me that all had enlisted and gone to the war that could he induced to do so. General Washburn did not seem to look at it in this light, and said he thought quite a share of these men would be willing to go back, but if they did not he would have to resort to a draft, as the men we had got to have to nil the state's quota. 1 accepted the appointment and went to work with a will determined to raise the company if possible. I found as I had anticipated, that men did not wish to enlist and then quite a share of the young men were already in the army, so the enlistment was slow, but at last I succeeded in getting my com- pany. On the 2nd day of February, 1SG4, I had a full company and was commissioned Captain of Company C, ITth Vermont V'oluntecrs, my company being the third to organize. We were soon mustered in and on the ISth day of April, 1864, we left the state as a battalion of seven companies under command of Lieut. Col. Chas. Cum- mings, for Washington. Here our stay was short. We were assigned to the 9th Army Corps, and took up our march for the Wilderness where we arrived the night of iVfay .")th. This was the first day of that fight. The next morning the battle opened up again and we were ordered in. Hard lighting continued through the day. About 4:00 o'clock in the afternoon I was again wounded and went to the rear, being shot through the left arm. The next day I rode in an ambulance to Fredericksburg, Va., where I remained in a hospital two days and was then sent to a hospital at Georgetown, Va. After remaining here a week or ten days I received a furlough for thirty days and went home where I remained until it expired and then returned to the regiment in front of Petersburgh. I found a second sergeant in command of my company, and less than twenty men fit for duty. This was a sad sight to meet, both lieutenants dead and first sergeant sent home sick and never able to return. Less than two months before we left the state with a full company of one hundred and one men. I took command of these few men and did picket duty on the front line until the battle of the celebrated mine explosion. The position we held in the picket line was not over ten rods from the line held by the rebels, and the men could easily talk with each other. On the morning of July 30th the mine was exploded and we made that fatal charge. There were only eight officers that went into this assault with the regiment, five of which were killed, one mortally wounded and two taken prisoners, of which Lieutenant Pierce of Woodstock, was one. and myself the other. This was a terrible hot day and the fighting was fierce on both sides. We were sur- rounded and captured about four o'clock in the afternoon and taken to the city of Peters- burg. There was a division of negro troops put into this fight and a large number of them taken prisoners as well as white men and officers. When we were captured I saw many a hva.\" negro soldier bayonetted without mercy by the rebels and left to die on the field. The rebels took from us whatever they wanted, our hats, shoes, watches, knives, money, etc. They took my hat and would have taken my watch, but just before I was captured I put it into one of my boots, and they were poor, so they did not take them and thus 1 saved it. My sword I drove into the ground but they got my pistol. That night they surrounded us with a strong guard just outside of the citv. The next morning. (Sunday), was bright and clear, but we were far from being happy. There was a terrible bitter feeling with the South on account of the arming of the negroes, and an order had been issued that white officers commanding negroes, if captured, should be executed. This caused a feeling of doubt among those officers that were captured, as to what their fate would be, and many of them gave their names and regiment to which they belonged before they were assigned to the command of negro troops. Thus the rebel officers did not find the number of negro officers that they felt sure they should, by the number of negroes captured, and on account of this they decided that all of the officers captured should receive what they considered a gross insult, by forming us in four ranks and every alternate five being negroes. In this way we were marched through the inMncipa! streets of the city of Petersburgh receiving taunts and insults on every hand from the women and old men who thronged the sidewalks to see the Yankees and their colored associates. I shall always remember the little episode that occurred on this march. As we were passing one of the houses an old lady stuck her head out of the window and cried out "Ah birds of a feather will flock together. " and a small lieutenant near me replied, "Yes, but we don't mix in the nest as you do down here." At this one of the guards near us drew his gun and cocked it and says. "You insult our ladies and I will blow your d d Yankee head off." To which the lieutenant straightened up and said, 'Shoot yoi, (J (J rebel, and then boast you have killed a Yankee, as you will never kill one by going to the front." 1 expected he would shoot, and felt that it was a rash thing to take such chances situated as we were, but this lieutenant was mad clear through at the treatment we were receiving. The guard did not shoot and we marched along. This lieutenant was from the 31st Maine Regiment, but I do not recall his name. The next day we were loaded into box cars and taken to Columbia. South Carolina. The negro officers, those that they found, were put into the same car with the negroes Tlic Thirteenth Regiment I'ernwni Volunteers 799 and they filled the car full, and then closed the door and fastened them on the outside. One of the officers told me afterwards that he nearly suffocated, and that the stench was terrible. At Columbia we were at first confined in Richmond County jail. We ocupied the sec- ond floor. This was divided up into eight cells, and I occupied one with eight others. There was not a piece of furniture of any kind, nothing but the bare floor, and it did seem that the bed bugs and other vermin would eat us up alive. Our rations were corn meal and sorgum, and now and then a little piece of magotty meat. The cooking was done out- side of the jail yard. Our allowance was very small and the sorgum I could not eat at it did not agree with me, and with these rations I felt as though 1 should starve. Those that had money could buy some provisions, but 1. like many of the others, had none. My watch and chain I still carried secreted in my boot, as I knew if the rebels found it they would take it from me. One day a rebel lieutenant came into the prison and I found he was a brother Mason, and I told him what I had, and wished him to take it and sell it for me, and he said he would, and I let him take it. He was gone some days when he came in again and said he had not sold it because he could not get what it was worth. I said to him, "You can get something for it," and he replied he could. I told him to sell it as I should starve to death on the rations I received. Again he was gone several days w'hich seemed like months to me, and 1 began to think he was going to prove a traitor and keep the watch, but at last he came and brought me $700 in Confederate money, and said it was the most he could get for it, but it was not what it was worth. I oltered to pay him for his trouble, but he would take nothing, and I presented him with a Masonic pin which I had also secreted when I was taken. This watch was a gold one and with the chain had cost me before the war $12.i). With this money, through the guard, I could buy something to eat, which with what was issued 1 could get along. Had it not lieen for this watch I feel sure I should not be here to write this tale, but should be sleeping on southern soil, like thousands of other Union soldiers who starved to death in rebel prisons. No one can tell what they suffered, and no one knows w'hat it is to feel the gnawing pains of hunger day after day unless he has had the experience. To let you know what things cost I will name a few of them, potatoes, $36 per bushel; meat, from $1 to $3 per lb.; eggs, $6 per dozen, and other things in proportion. As it grew colder I needed something for covering at night, and I bought a thin blanket for which I paid $75 and a coarse pair of shoes $100. Most of those in the cell with me had no money so 1 divided with them, but we were as prudent as possi- ble, as we did not know how long we were to remain in rebeldora. There were many things that happened while I was in jail, that I might relate, but I feel that I am making this story too long and will pass over them. On the night of December 12th, 1864 we were taken from this jail and turned into an open stockade on the outskirts of the city. All of the officers that had been confined at Charleston. N. C, had been brought here and all told we numbered about one thousand, all officers. Inside of this stockade there were two old buildings which we used for a hospital, and there w'ere sick and wounded enough to fill them. Outside of these there was no shelter of any kind. When captured ! was clad in my thinnest clothes as it was .luly, and I had to walk all night to keep from freezing as it was very cold and froze hard that night. The next day we went to work and dug out a place in the ground and| banked it up with a piece of canvass which we procured for a roof, and made things as comfortable as possible. This enclosure contained about six acres, surrounded with a stockade built of small logs set upright in "the ground close together some 12 feet high. A strong guard was stationed at intervals on a staging placed about three feet from the top of this stockade so they could overlook this camp of prisoners and here they walked their beat night and day, so there was but little chance for escape, still many attempts were made by digging tunnels but none of these were successful, as each morning a rebel officer with a squad of men came in and looked us over, and if new dirt was found the tunnel was soon located. Many a dark day did I experience as no one could tell when we were to be liberated. The rebel papers that we got hold of said they would continue the war five years longer were it necessary to gain their independence. While here we resorted to almost anything for excite- ment. First it was a fight over some trifling thing, then a song from some good singer, as we had plenty of them, and frequently we would have additions to our number by some new prisoners being turned in who were recently captured. These were called "fresh fish" and when this cry was heard a grand rush was made to see them. We had a string band which did much to help pass away a lonely hour. This band consisted of two violins, a clarionet, and a bass viol. This band gave us some fine music as they were splendid musicians. Many a dance was had here on a smooth piece of ground, but no ladies were allowed to participate. The people from the city built a platform outside the stockade high enough to look over, and came down often to hear the Yankees play and sing, and they would sit on this platform and by the number that came would say they enjoyed it. One of the songs that was frequently called for was "Sherman's March to the Sea." This song and music were both com- posed in this stockade. We remained here until about the middle of February when 8oo 'I'lic I'hirtccnlh Hajiincnl I'cniunit I'ohintccrs one night we wen- hustled out of liere in a hurry and taken to Charlotte. N. C. The cause of this was that Sherman on his famous march was nearing this place. Here we remained a few da.vs. Here we siened our parole papers and this was the first ray of light to dawn upon us towards freedom and liberty. From here we went to Goldsboro, N. C, where we remained a short time and this W'as our last stop in rebeldom, as soon we were to bid adieu to prison life and once more breathe the inire air of freedom under the American flag. While here I saw a sight that beggars all description. There had been brought from .\nder- sonville. Ga.. a train load of prisoners and turned into an open field near by. No tongue can tell the sad tale; no pen can write the story in terms sufficiently strong; no brush can paint this terrible scene so that one can fully comprehend the misery, woe and suffering here depicted. Here was but few of the thousands that had endured this terrible torture. These men were but skeletons, black and scurvy; they hardly resembled human beings, with scant clothes to cover their nakedness. Many had become idiotic and some insane. Many could not walk without assistance, and all that I found they had to eat was a little dry corn on the cob, which they were trying to roast or burn over a little fire so they could eat it. These men had been literally starved to death, and but few of them ever reached home and friends. There can be no excuse for such barbarous and inhuman treatment to these prisoners of war, and it leaves a blot on the so called Southern Confederacy, that can never be wiped away. February 28, 1865, we left here for Wilmington, X. C, where we went through the Union lines and thus ended my experience as a prisoner of war. For seven long months I had endured many privations, from the confinement as well as cold and hunger, but the suffering I experienced was light compared to what those poor fellows suffered that I have already spoken of, and my watch and chain, which 1 was so fortunate to save was indeed a godsend to me. And as we went through our line and once more beheld the Stars and Stripes the scene that followed was beyond description. These men some of which had been prisoners for more than two years could hardly contain themselves. All wept for joy, shouts went up from a thousand throats, they sang, they laughed, they ran, they danced, and all acted more like lunatics than sensible men, and to me it was the happiest event of my life. From here we went by boat to Annapolis, Md., where I remained in the hospital some two weeks and then went home, but never again returned to my regi- ment for duty, as these were the closing days of the war, and I was discharged from the United States service May 1.5, 1865. This closed my military services and the War of the Rebellion ended and now forty years afterwards as I behold this great nation and the wonderful progress it has made during this time, and every old soldier, as I do, should be proud of his country, and consider it high honor to be counted as one of its defenders, as the Civil War did much to make this nation what it is and with such bright prospects tor a grand and glorious future. On my return home I entered the mercantile business, but later returned to farming which with stock and produce buying has constituted my principal business since the war. In jiolitics have always been a Republican. Have held many important town offices and in 1884 was elected by my town to represent them in legislature: in 1894 was elected by Lamoille County to serve them in the Senate. AVhile in the House of Representatives I served on the general and military committee. Took an active part in securing the appropriation for a soldiers' home, was appointed one of the trustees, which office I still hold. In the Senate I served on the railroad, and chairman of the military committee. Served on the railroad commission two years. Was president of the Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Assn. for four years. Have been commander of the ,7. M. W'arner Post, and in 1903 was elected Department Com- mander of the Vermont G. A. R., and conducted the department across the continent to San Francisco, where the national encampment was held that year. I belong to the Vermont Commandery of Loyal Legions, and Mount Vernon Lodge No. 8, F. & A. M. Have been married twice; first time September 5th, 1866, to Miss Lamotte C., daughter of Loomis and Catharine Wheelock; she died in 1872. leaving a child. Katie B., who was born September 1st, 1869, and being my only child. She married Carl Smith and lives at Montpelier. They have tour children, Harold K.. Lamotte C, Clifton and Frank Kenfield. 1 was again married February 9th, 1874 to Mrs. Margaret Lvman, daughter of David and Ann Cruller. My father died October 11, 1866, and my mother died September 29, 1900. She was born April 12, 1807. FRANK KENFIELD. 13TH VERMONT INFANTRY AT GETTYSBURG, PA., DEDICATED OCTOBER 19, 1899. 2. S. F. Brown. 8. Alben Clarke. 4. A. C. Browu. 5 Frank Keutiekl «. A. C. Fay. Y E. N. Peck. 8. J. G. Farwell. 9. IT. 0. Clark. 1i». K. (). Sliirtevant 11 .1. n. Sc-ull.v. ^^^. II w Allen. -in ('. L. Marsh. 14. 'J\ s. Whipple. 15. J. u. Lyon. 10. S. E. Andrews. 17. (1. C. Wilder. IS. \v lliam Crosby. 111. l\l. P. Scullin. 2(1. c. C. Varney. 21. M. B. Carpenter 22. J. Hutchinson. 23. W. W. Flolden. 24. James Hagan. 2f). H. B. Meigs. 20. Z. H. ilcAllister 27 J. J. Dumas. 2S. E. A. Pisk. 29. B. J. Chamberliii :H). K. W. lieniamin. 81. J. A. Cliaclwlck. 82. C. H. Wakefield. 83. (ieo. N. Wright. 34. Henry McNall. W. (). JiilKliMin, I'". O. I!u.-ilii].ll. 'I'homaM Juhn»uii Oliver l^arlzo. The Thirteenth Regiment I'ennont Volunteers 803 MONUMENT DEDICATED Survivors of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment Gathered at Gettysburg. HISTORICAL address by Col. Henry O. Clark of East Orange, N. J. — Statue un- veiled by Miss Clark and Master Edward Allen — Presentation address by Ralph O. Sturtevant of Swanton — Monument accepted for the Government by Commis- sioner Major Robbins of the 4th Alabama Regiment — -Oration by Col. Albert Clarke of Boston. Gettysburg, Pa., Oct. 19. — This has been a most beautiful day for the dedicatory exercises of the monument of the 13th Regiment of Vermont Volunteers in the Civil War. The Vermont party breakfasted early and were soon on their way to the national cemetery. The official party, numbering over 30, left their headquarters at Eagle Hotel in two large barges about 9 o'clock. Quite a crowd had assembled when the following gentlemen took seats on the platform which had been erected just south of the monu- ment: National Commissioners Richardson and Robbins, Col. Albert Clarke, Capt. Brown, Col. A. C. Brown, President M. H. Buckham, S. A. Andrews, Henry O. Clark, Heman W. Allen, Carmi L. Marsh, James B. Scully, R. O. Sturtevant, J. H. Lyon and John Farwell. Chairman Henry O. Clark of the committee then called upon President M. H. Buck- ham to offer prayer, after which an historical address of the regiment was delivered by Mr. Clark, as follows: Col. Clark's Historical Address. Aiter prayer by President Buckham, the chairman, Henry O. Clark, made a few remarks and then read a regimental record, as follows: In response to the call of President Lincoln of August 4. '62 for 300,000 men to serve for nine months, in which time it was then thouglit the war could be ended, the State of Vermont raised five regiments of infantry, the 12th. 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th. The 13th regiment was recruited from the counties in the Northern part of the State. It was raised within 40 days and the several companies rendezvoused at the larger towns engaged in the preliminary company drill as a ground work for that later battalion and regimental drill for which it was so well and favorably known. September 29th the companies were assembled in the State camp at Brattleboro and formed into a regiment where uniforms and equipment were issued, and they entered into the regular duties of a soldier and of battalion and regimental drill, guard and police duty and the usual duties that appertain to the life of a well ordered soldier in camp. October 10th it was mustered into the service of the United States and on the 11th it left the State for the front. By rail to New Haven, thence by boat to Jersey City and from that place by rail to Washington, where it went into camp on Capitol Hill with the 12th regiment which had but a few days preceded it. It was joined by the 14th, 15th and 16th. when the five regiments were formed into the 2nd Vermont Brigade. October 30th the brigade crossed Long Bridge into Virginia, and established a camp in the woods near Alexandria known as Camp Vermori't. It remained there four weeks doing picket duty and at work on the earthworks of Fort Lyon. November 26th the regiment, together with the 14th and 15th marched to Union Mills, where it was employed on picket duty till December 5th. It then returned to Camp Vermont arriving there in a severe snow storm, and without tents or camp equipage. From this camp December 12th the regiment marched to Fairfax Court House, and made camp a mile beyond the Court House from which place it took its • regular turn with the other regiments of the brigade at picket duty on Bull Run Creek in the vicinity of Centerville. January 20th, '63 the regiment marched to Wolf Run Shoals, where it made a camp in the woods and was employed in guarding the fords and much engaged in battalion drill and target practice. April 2nd it moved five miles down the river to a point a mile back of the village of Occoquan on the river of that name where it made camp known as Camp Widow Violet, named for a widow w,ho owned the property at that place. At this time the season was so far advanced that the cold and stormy weather of the previous months had passed and the warm sun- shine had dried the mud we had been struggling with during the winter season. As our colonel had somewhat relaxed the drill, camp and other duties the men wert not slow in taking advantage of the same and while the rigid picket duty was well main- tained, parties were daily made for visiting Mt. Vernon for fishing, bathing in the river nearby and scouting in the country both on our side and on the other side of the Occo- So4 The Thirteenth h'cf/iiiwnt I'cniumt I'ohtntccrs (luan. A volume could be written on the adventures and escapades of the bovs during the time of our occupancy of Camp Widow Violet, but aside from the ca|)ture of some of the more careless by Mosby's Cavalry who were frequently In lis vicinitv, nothing of a serious nature occurred. May 2nd it heard the thunder of the cannon at the battle of P'redericksburg and a few days later the army of the Potomac itassed us on its way north. To us who knew nothing of the movements of the enemy their destina- tion was unknown, .luue 21th we received orders to break camp the next morning. There had been much discussion in the regiment as to the date of the expiration of our time of service. Many contended it dated from the time of our enlistment, others from time of muster into service of the United States. The latter was, of course, correct, but when we started on June 2r,th many thought it was a start for home. Hence all the articles the men had acquired during their term of service they desired to take with them. Of old horses and mules discarded as useless by the army in passing over a hundred had been i)iluntccrs mediately in our left and front. Horsemen Kalloped to our position and Stannard was ordered to deiiloy to the left and support (ieneral Hancock. The movement was executed on the double-ciuick and it took u.s into the midst of a hissing storm of lead and Iron. Five companies of our regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Munson. which had been sent to the west slope of the hill to guard a battery, were unable to leave It. but the rest of us pushed on. The Sixteenth and Fourteenth Vermont led on to our left. When we were descending the slope towards the copse of trees where the Con- federate coUimn under General Wright had pressed back and penetrated the Union line, but had in turn been repulsed, an abandoned battery in the valley was dimly seen through the smoke and a strong column of Confederates was pushing for It. Stan- nard had got too far to receive an order. There was not a second to be lost. Dashing to Colonel Randall. General Hancock said: "Colonel, can you retake those guns?" "Yes. or die trying", replied our heroic leader, and we ran yelling down the slope. It was a race for the guns and the Yankees won it, though the Confederates got so near that It seemed for a moment as though there would be a clash of steel. We had hardly started when Colonel Randall fell with his wounded horse. His son Charles, though only 16 years of age, was my lieutenant. He saw his father fall and begged permission to go to him. which I granted. But in a moment he returned smiling, saying "He is all right, it was only his horse", and before we had gone many rods, the colonel, hatless but with sword in hand, had overtaken the line and was lead- ing in front of the colors. When we drew the guns up the slope I relieved my men of as many of their rifles as I could carry and I presume other officers did the same. Private John McMahon of my company (who afterwards Vjecame the champion wrestler of the world) then made a remark to me which I forbear to quote but which I shall always cherish, for not even a medal of honor by Congress is so much prized by an officer as the commenda- tion of his men. When we were met by relief, some soldier called out 'What troops be you fellers?" Many of the boys proudly answered "Green Mountain Boys", "Well, I thought", said he. "you must be green, or you'd never gone in there". This greatly amused and also encouraged us. As soon as we turned over the guns we reformed in line and charged back across the valley in pursuit of the fleeing enemy. After crossing a ditch, we were fired upon from the rear by a Confederate who had been supposed dead. The bullet just missed Maj. Hoynton, at whom it was doubtless aimed. Three men of Company G turned to bayonet the man but the major saved his life. When we reached the Peter Rogers cottage we were fired upon from its windows. Company A swung around it. Com- pany (J stood in front, and there S3 prisoners were captured. Adjutant James S. Peck bravely going to the door and demanding their surrender. While this was transpiring. Company C. under Captain Coburn. went to the left as far as the Peach Orchard. Ito bring in what were thought to be abandoned guns, but which proved to be only some broken down caissons. He then moved around our right and over the ridge in front to explore for the enemy, but on reporting that no line was in sight, and as it was be- coming dusk, we returned to this ridge and after some changes of position, and having been rejoined by the other companies of our regiment, we lay down upon our arms for the night, our right resting a little in the rear of where we now stand. The Fourteenth was on our left and the Sixteenth beyond them, though most of the latter regiment was soon advanced and deployed as a skirmish line. The next morning dawned clear and beautiful but ushered in a heavy cannonade along our front. It was only a diversion, to prevent us from going to the support ef General Slocum. over back of us on Culp's Hill, where soon began and continued much of the forenoon one of the most terrific encounters of the battle. We heard the roar and the shouts, saw the great clouds of smoke roll above the trees and for hours ex- pected an order to face about and hasten to the scene, but happily this proved un- necessary. Then there was a long lull, during which the birds sang as sweetly in the trees as though the air were not heavy with stench and as though two great armies beneath them were not panting for the coming fray. During this period a large trench was dug in rear of our left and the dead of the day before in our immediate front were gathered and buried. The sight was not calculated to inspire courage or ambition for military glory, but it was borne without a shudder because it afforded some relief. Our front was infested by sharpshooters and prudence required us to hug the earth. Many, however, were so thirsty that they crept or crawled to a spring in rear of the Fourteenth to replenish their canteens and some men of other commands were picked off in doing it. Then came an order for ten men from each company to gather some fence rails that were strewn in our front and place them in line along the verge of the low plateau 4.'j yards in advance. It took extraordinary courage to perform this task. For a moment nobody moved. Then Sergeant George H. Scott of Com- pany G. who had left Williams College to enlist and who is now a Congregational clergyman at Atkinson Depot. N. H.. sprang to his feet and said: "Come on. boys. I'll go, who will go with me?" There was a quick resijonse from all the companies, the work was rapidly and well done, under a constant fire of sharpshooters and for a wonder all the men, so far as I know, returned unharmed. We were then allowed to The Tliirtcoitli Regiment I'crmont J'oluiitccrs 8ii be quiet until the middle of the afternoon; meanwhile our line and the Confederate line opposite were being constantly strengthened. At a quarter past three o'clock a shot from the Confederate artillery west of the Peach Orchard was the signal for opening fire along the line for more than a mile in our front. One hundred and thirty-eight cannon on the Confederate side and ninety on our side, along the crest of the ridge just back of us, opened their brazen throats and shook the solid earth. The roar was terrific. It was distinctly heard 143 miles. It was never equalled before or since. The air was filled with screeching missiles, the smoke was dense and the frequent explosion of caissons added volcanic fury to the hideous scene. Horses reared and plunged and fell. The plain in rear of the batteries was swept of every vestige of life. Battery after battery was disabled and replaced. Eleven caissons were exploded between Zeigler's Grove and Little Round Top and in the southern half of that distance the five batteries of Cushing. Woodruff, Brown, Rorty and Hazard, lost 250 horses and more than half their men. The shells exploded over us so fast that we could not count them. Since then it has been computed by artillery ofiBcers that the discharges of the guns and the bursting of the shells must have made ten loud explosions every second. About ten feet behind us a broad and shallow trench was dug by the plunging impact. After the battle the peaceful farmers gathered along the left centre more than 11 tons of iron hail. After this artillery duel had continued an hour and a quarter. General Hunt, the chief of artillery, ordered the Union batteries to cease firing and to cool their guns and replenish ammunition. The Confederates kept up their fire, and, supposing that they had destroyed the Union artillery, pushed their guns further to the front and started their infantry on the most famous assault of modern times. Longstreet's splendid corps of 17,000 men, of which Pickett's division formed the centre, moved forward at a quick pace and in "battle's magnificently stern array." Not one of us who saw it can ever forget the beauty of the spectacle. The line was nearly perfect. The men moved as if by one impulse. Their burnished arms glistened in the sun. The battle flags and the sabres of ofllcers waved in front. Almost as soon as they came in sight solid shot and shells from our batteries on Little Round Top tore great gaps in the line. We have since learned that one shell killed and wounded ten men and that hundreds of others took fatal effect. Then a voice rang out from the batteries im- mediately in our rear: "No. 1, fire! No. 2, fire! No. 3, fire!" and then there was a blaze and roar the entire length of this now so peaceful ridge. Nearer and nearer pressed the gray legion, but when the Emmitsburg Road was reached, Pickett saw that his division was further to the right than he had intended and ordered it to move to the left. This order failed of observance by the brigades of Willcox and Perry on his right and thus a gap was opened in his line. General Stannard saw in an instant the opportunity of his life. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth were immediately advanced toward the breach. Our regiment was halted at the line of rails already mentioned and the Fourteenth formed an obtuse angle on our left. As soon as the Sixteenth retired, firing, from the skirmish line and fell back through our line to rally on the left, we opened fire. By this time the enemy was in the valley, our range was short and our aim so perfect that the havoc on Pickett's right hastened his movement to the left. Of course we suffered in our turn, but time forbids the rela- tion of the painful incidents. You recall them in all the companies. General Han- cock had ridden to the left of our regiment and was there wounded. He was assisted from his saddle by Captain Wilder and some of his men and by Lieutenants Benedict and Hooker of General Stannard's staff. Very soon our front was so completely un- covered that Colonel Randall gave the famous order to "change front forward on first company," but the din was so great that the order was not heard. Then he ran along the line and gave the order, "By the right flank, follow me." This movement was executed on the double quick and we moved 200 yards. When close quarters were reached. Company A was wheeled into line where our "Marker No. 3" now stands, Sargeant Scully taking position and holding his rifle at "present" as though he were on battalion drill, and rapidly the other companies advanced into line upon its left and opened another destructive fire upon Pickett's right flank, then hardly ten rods away. The main line from which we had advanced, and with which we then stood at right angles, consisting of Hall's and Webb's brigades — from Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania — had already opened in the face of the assailing force and with such effect that very soon all of Pickett's regiments became a confused mass and every man was fighting regardless of position or orders and on his individual account. Sooner than it has taken to tell it, the assault was repulsed. When the Confed- erates began to throw down their weapons and wave their hands. Colonel Randall gave the order to cease firing, but it was heard by only a tew. Thereupon he did one of the most daring and humane deeds of the civil war — rushed in front of his firing line, turned his back to the enemy, almost in their midst, and with outstretched arms made himself understood. Then he moved among the Confederates and drove them singly and in squads into our line. Meanwhile the Sixteenth had formed upon our left, but seeing that the business was practically over, it faced about and charged against the 8i2 Till- Thirteenth Regiment I ennont I ulnnteers right of Wilcox's brigade, and thus completed the double flank movement which made Stannard's brigade famous throughout the army and gave It a place In history as unique as It is resplendent. As we had captured 243 prisoners, who were gathered in rear of my comi>any, I was ordered to conduct them to the rear. After we had started, a larger guard was thought desirable, so we were joined by Major Boynton and Company I. The rest of the regiment returned to its original position and suffered in doing so from the Con- federate artillery. Shortly after this occurred the famous charge of a part of Kilpatrlck's division of cavalry against the intrenched Confederate infantry west of Round Top. in which the First Vermont cavalry i)erfornied [jrodigies of valor and suffered heavy loss. With this the battle ended and here 1 should end this address. The whole world knows the rest; and. as President Lincoln said over the graves of our dead on yonder hill in the November t'ollowlng the battle, "The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but It can never forget what they did here." And yet, my duty Is not quite done. We have always felicitated ourselves that our loss was small, considering the hazards that we took. But our killed and wounded were nearly IS per cent, of our number engaged. This is more than any United States regiment has sustained in all the battles in Cuba, Porto Rico and the Phillippines. It is nearly 6 per cent, greater than the average losses in all the great European battles tor more than a century. It Is .') per cent, greater than the average losses of the Union troops in eleven of the greatest battles of the civil war, and it is 4 per cent, greater than the average Con- federate losses in the same battle. It embraced some of our best officers and deprived every one of us of some dear friend. The sacrifice consecrates this ground. We linger upon it. loath to say farewell. Many of us will never see it again ; but we have left our mark here and it is not a small one. even on the face of a nation grown twice as great as when we fought to save its life. The integrity of the Union and the rights of man were made secure by the events we commemorate and a broad new vista of the world's progress was opened before our eyes. The flag that we upheld has gained more stars and signaled forth new messages of duty. We love it too well not to read and heed the call, and we make our own the words of our soldier President when he said at Aberdeen, South Dakota, one Saturday, that "Wherever that flag is, it stands for liberty, humanity, and civilization." The Thirteenth Rci/iiiicnt I'cniuint J 'olinitccrs 813 SKETCH OF CASSIUS M. BOOTH. CASSIUS M. Booth, second son of Samuel C. and Eunice Booth was born in Eessex, Vt., August 7th, 1843. He enlisted as a private in Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vols., and mustered into the United States service with the regiment October 10th, 1S62. He was a person liking excitement, and as a soldier preferred picket duty to the quiet camp life. An expert forager, never apprehensive of danger, going unaccompanied and alone in the dead of night "to borrow," as the soldier called it, a few necessaries, for instance, the last chicken of the roost, a pig, an entire line of garden vegetables, or would be seen coming into camp just daylight loaded with his comrade's canteens, having stripped to the last drop of milk the few cows of some near by planter; never return- ing to camp but once without his reward. One night returning from such an expedi- tion, following a narrow path through a dark spot of cedars about one mile from camp, he was stopped by a voice, "Who cames there?" he answered, "What do you want?" the answer which seemed near by was, "You are my prisoner." Booth having revolver in hand, replied, "not this time," and fired, but hearing several voices and tramp of horses and thinking perhaps he was up against too large an opposition took a right angle cut from the cedars into the oak woods for camp empty handed. He met one of his comrades in the winter of 1S9S, whom he had not seen since the close of the Civil War. His friend when learning that his name was Booth, asked him if he was the Cash Booth of Company F, 13th Vt. that stole chickens and the devil and all when South. "Well, yes, I am that Cash Booth, but I never stole the devil, or a chicken while in the South that 1 could not reach. Whenever I saw one that I could, I simply borrowed it, always expressing a desire to repay it when convenient." At one time a Southerner complaining to Colonel Randall of missing his chickens, the Colonel started on a round through the regiment ostensibly to detect the thief. Booth at his tent was engaged in cooking some fowls got the night before. The Colonel stuck his head in the tent, and said, "I'll swear those chickens came from Vermont, I know by the smell." The night before there was some left at his head- quarters, of course he knew. Booth's idea was that the Southerners brought on the war and must help support it. Booth was taken quite sick at Camp Occoquan and the lieutenant and orderly sergeant (the captain had just died in the hospital at Washington), came to his tent and told him they had the papers made to take him to a general hospital. He with what emphasis a person in his condition could, said, "I will not go. I know 1 will die if taken to the hospital." Booth had a dread of the hospital. Then changing his voice to a pleading tone, said, "Let me stay here. I'll be better in a few days; 1 came with the boys; don't take me to the hospital. If I can't live let me die in company with the boys." They left him to be cared for by his tentmates, and the next day he was better and was soon seen in the company grounds able to do light duty. It was not many days after when the regiment was ordered on the long march to Gettys burg. Cassius M. Booth being convalescent, was detailed as guard with the regi mental teams, which made it easier, as he could place his knapsack in the wagon and secured him the privilege of marching with the boys and regiment on to Gettysburg, but not the pleasure, fortune or misfortune, as' the case might have been, of being engaged in the battle. Having served the full term of his first enlistment and honorably discharged, C. M. Booth entered the service again, enlisting in October. 1864, as an ordinary seaman to serve until the close of the war in the United States Volunteer Xavy, Mississippi Squadron, under Commodore Foote; and being assigned to duty, was promoted to paymaster steward, acting in the capacity of assistant paymaster on gunboat General Thomas of the Upper Tennessee Fleet, of which Captain Gilbert Morton was commander. The boats comprising the fleet were, namely, "General Grant." "General Sherman," "General Sheridan," and "General Thomas." They each patrolled certain assigned distances of the Tennessee River between Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Muscles Shoals, Alabama, a distance of over 150 miles. The duty of Captain Gilbert Morton with his boat and crew, to which C. M. Booth belonged, was to picket the lower part of the river above the Shoals. Many lively engagements, minor and larger, took place between the rebel forces and the gun boat, in all of which C. M. Booth was engaged. Some were the bombardment and burning of Gunters- ville, Ala., Beard's Bluff, the battle of Decatur in the fall of 1864, at the time of Sherman's march to the sea, when General Hood retreated from Sherman and came against Decatur, Alabama, with a force of 55,000. (Greely's History, 2d Vol., page 678 and 679) and made an attack on the fort and Union forces stationed there under General Gordon Granger. The gunboat General Thomas was ordered to his assistance. 8l4 '"'^' 'J'l'iitccnth Rcyimoit I 'cniioiit I 'olnntccrs General Hood's army had semi-circled the town from the river three miles below the town to a bend in the river five miles above at which point on a hinh bluff (except one battery) were stationed rebel batteries comprisinR •!(, cannon, commanding the river and to keep the fleet or any part from goins to the assistance of the Union forces stationed at Decatur. A cavalry scout had been sent down the river to spy out the situation, and on re- turning, said to Captain Morton, "you cannot pass Hood's batteries, they will blow you out of the river." Captain Morton replied. "It makes damn little difference to me what they do or may try to do; I came down here to fight and we cannot fight in a better cause or sink, it sink we must. 1 have been ordered to the assistance of General Granger and I will go, or make the attempt if they blow us to Hell." They started and soon the battle was on. The land forces did not know they were m-ar by until they heard the roar of their cannon. To them and the rebels it was a surprise, and both armies ceased fighting to witness from their rifle pits the terrible duel that had commenced between the gun boat and rebel batteries. The land forces and rebel prisoners taken, who wit- nessed the fight, said, "it was a terrible and magnificent sight; one continual stream of fire from the cannon of the gunboat, with no less activity and energy displayed by the rebel batteries." The gunboat was ordered to cease firing for an instant and the land forces thought they were silenced. The smoke cleared, they saw their position, and the gunners with more determination, fiercer the fight if possil)le. with an activity and will that ever gains a victory, sent destruction and death into the ranks of the enemy, one shot disabling a cannon, bursting a caisson of powder, killed and wounded sixteen men. They had obeyed orders, went to the assistance of General Granger, passed and silenced the batteries rounded into Decatur and saved the town. Cap- tain Morton, of the gunboat immediately reported to General Granger who said, "Captain Morton, if you had been sent from Heaven you could not have come at a more opportune moment. Had I not heard your firing and seen your boat in the bend of the river I should have hauled down my flag in less than fifteen minutes." The gunboat received six shots, one killed, two mortally and a few slightly wounded. Rolin R. Sherman, from Essex, Vt., was mortally wounded stand- ing beside C. M. Booth by the bursting of a shell, from which he afterward died Hood's purpose in attacking Decatur was to get possession of the pontoon bridge that spanned the river at this point. He retreated down the river that night, built his own bridges, forded the river at the Shoals, and marched on toward Nashville, and was repulsed by the Union forces on the bloody fields of Franklin, Tennessee, from which he never afterwards recovered during the war. In fact the rebel army had almost ceased to exist when General Hood was relieved at his own request, January 23rd, 1863. (Greely's History, Vol. 2, page 689). The following is an extract from Captain Gilbert Morton's letter to the liurlington Free Press April, 1883: "All of Hood's batteries and his whole army were between us and Decatur at the foot of the bend four miles distant, not a shot or shell passed through our magazine, only a few bursting on board, as we were going, passed them at the rate of fifteen miles an hour, but our upper works were riddled with musketry. They could not get our range. Now I had a little experience during that unpleasantness, entering the service early in 1861, was in nearly every engagement on the upper river, from Fort Donaldson to the close of the war, and passing those batteries was the hottest place I was in during the four years. C. M. Booth, of Essex, was entitled to much credit tor his coolness and bravery both before and during the action. We were patrolling the river to watch Hood's army and learn if possible where he was going to cross the river. Booth volunteered to act as scout and crawled through brush near enough to the enemy's line to watch his movements. Booth i|Vent night after night, always choosing the darkest, and returning to the gunboat at daylight, when we would start oft a mes- senger with the information to General Thomas's headquarters. In this way Booth brought the first news that General Hood with his whole army were moving down the river. One of General Thomas's officers carried the information to headquarters at Huntsville and telegraphed the information bringing back the thanks of the com- manding general to the gunboat for our vigilance in i)atrolling the river and for valuable information given, with order tor us to proceed at once to the assistance ot General Granger in command of the post at Decatur. We spoke to a transport above Decatur who reported in these words, 'Captain, you cannot go to the assistance of General Granger, for Hood's whole army and batteries are in the bend.' Said I in reply. 'There is no better place to sell these two gunboats than right here. I am ordered to go to General Granger's assistance and I am going. You follow me.' She was close to our heel and close to the rebs. but we were going so fast that they could not keep our range, but half an hour hesitation and Hood would have gobbled up General Granger. When I reported to him after silencing the batteries nearest the Union lines, he said to me, 'Captain, if you had been sent from Heaven, you couldn't have come in a more opportune moment, for the enemy has taken all my outer works.' The Tliirtc'ciifli Rc(: miles from Point Prescott on the Mississippi river to Superior on I^ake Suiierior. He was there two years, making the preliminary survey the first year and locatin.c; the road the next, and then for two years he was surveyor for the county of St. Croix in Wisconsin. Enginiering opportunities in that vicinity being then exhausted, he returned to Vermont and engaged in surveying and farming until the outbreak of the Civil War. "In ISi')! he recruited lliP iiie-n lor ;i battery of artillery and was elected captain, but after he had drilled the comiiauy for one month it was disbanded by order of Governor Fairbanks, because he with many others, believed that the war would soon end. The next year, when the Thirteenth Regiment was recruited. Munson was elected captain of Company D. and in that capacity most of us first knew him. Somehow we did not hear of his military education but we saw his soldierly bearing and it did not take us long to discover the efficiency of his company. Others of us would not Tlic Tliirtcrnth Ri-f/iiiiriit I'l-niumt 1 iiliuitccrs 825 admit then, however, nor will admit now, that Company D was any l)etter than the other companies, but if it was, the superiority was due to him. "Hy the resignations of Lieutenant-Colonel Brown and JIajor Clark in the spring of 1S63, there was created an opportunity for promotions, which engaged the serious at- tention of Colonel Randall and some of the captains and lieutenants. The regular army rule was to promote according to rank and rank was determined by the dates of commis- sions in each grade. There is reason for the rule in the regular army, where the officers are all educated in military science, but in the volunteer service, where in the beginning officers are elected by the men, often, without any knowledge of their mili- tary fitness, the rule is sometimes more honored in the breach than in the observance. At the time referred to, our ranking captains were Lonergan of Company A, Wilder of Company B, and Coburn of Company 6. Colonel Randall recommended Captain Munson for the lieutenant colonelcy, chiefly on account of his military training, and at the same time he recommended Captain Boynton of Company E, for major, not on account of any superior fitness, but to wholly ignore the rule of rank. The recom- mendations were forwarded to the governor and it was learned by telegraph that commissions had been made accordingly and were on their way to Virginia. "One day when Colonel Randall was to be absent and Munson was otherwise engaged, Boynton was designated to command the regiment. Nothing out of the ordinary occurred until the line was formed for dress parade, and then Captain Loner- gan asserted what he considered his right and undertook to displace Boynton as regimental commander. Standing near together, both issued orders — the customary dress parade orders — which were partly obeyed until they became so conflicting that the company commanders did not know what to do, and then Boynton ordered the parade dismissed. Some of the companies promptly marched to quarters, aitd there being only a minority left. Captain Lonergan wisely concluded to trausler the contro- versy from the field to brigade headquarters. General Stannard came to the regiment to investigate, but as the new commissions had by that time arrived, he did not deem it necessary to subject anybody to discipline, and thus what might have become a very serious incident was closed with as little feeling as could have been expected. "Happily Lieutenant-Colonel Munson was in no way blamed for his iiromotion and he had no part in the event just related. His invariable politeness and consideration for others won and held for him the respect of those who had felt entitled to his place and in every respect he 'made good.' On the second day of the battle of Gettysburg, as this tablet states, he had command of the left wing of the regiment, which was detached on the south of Cemetery Hill and sent to a more exposed position on the west front to support some batteries. While he and one-half of the regiment were in this position they had an opportunity, near sunset, to witnf «is the briUiart da!:h made by Colonel Randall and the other five companies, at some distance to their left, down past the copse of trees which became famous the next day as the 'high water mark of the rebellion,' and where a battery which was aboiU to be seized by the enemy was bravely recovered by them and drawn to the rear, amid tihe cheers of many thousand men. Munson and his men had every reason to be just as proud of this achievement as though they had been in the charging column, for they were keeping back a body of the enemy which otherwise might have overwhelmed Randall and his little band. I say this as commander of one of the charging companies and I give equal credit to the presence, not far to our left and rear, of General Stannard and the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Vermont regiments, ^yhich constituted all the rest of our brigade that took part in the battle. "After nightfall the regiment was reunited and the brigade took the position which it held the next day until it moved forward to meet and help to repulse Pickett's charge. That thrilling event has been described so many times that there is no occasion for me to repeat the great story here, but I hope it will not be thought amiss for me to say to the civilians, and especially the young people here, that this group of comrades before me now- went through that blazing, hissing, roaring hell of fire and death, doing deeds that shine resplendent in all the %vorld's great feats of arms and contributing their full share to the decisive result of that turning battle of the war. Colonel Munson discharged his duty to the utmost, and though slightly wounded, he did not leave the field. The people of Colchester may forever take pride in point- ing to this grave as that of an officer without reproach, a hero tried and a comrade true, and let us hope that in future trials and emergencies his example will inspire other youths to stake their all and to do their best when country calls.- "Having been mustered out with his regiment at the ex])iration of its term, he devoted himself to home duties for a year and then accepted an appointment by Gov- ernor Smith to recruit colored volunteers in the State of Georgia and Alabama, to apply on the quota of Vermont under the call of ,7uly IS, 1S64. for .■JOO,(.lflO men. Pro- ceeding to Nashville, Tenn., and Marietta, Ga., he and the other agents, of whom there ■n-ere more than fifty from different states, learned that General Sherman was strong- ly opposed to such recruitment, although it had been authorized by act of Congress, and the provost marshal informed them that enlistments would not be allowed and if they obtained any recruits no transportation would be furnished lor them. In fact, as 8j*» 77/(- I'liiitci'iith h't-(/iiiii'iit I'cniunit I 'oliinti-rrs fa.-'t as able-bodied men eaiiie within the I'nion lines they were ylven employment by General Sherman at Rood wages in building and repairing roads, bridges and earth- works and in the transportation of siipiilies. consequently it was impossible to obtain any recruits, and as soon as Colonel Munson had satisfied himself of this, he con- scientiously returned to Vermont, so as to save the state expense. In 1866 he was elected by the general assembly a brigadier-general and |)laced in command of the first brigade of the first division of the formidable militia force which the state then maintained but soon reduced to a peace basis. Thus closed his military career, which had not been great but was in all respects creditable. •Thenceforth he devoted himself chiefly to the duties of private life, although he was sheriff of Chittenden County for four years in the late sixties. From boyhood he was fond of music and became an acconii)lished player, leader and teacher. For many years he conducted the music in his church. He excelled as a violinist and was the organizer and leader of the Munson orchestra, whose fine music is such an attractive feature of this occasion. In the spring of 1878 he went to South Carolina and for seven years was occupied in teaching music and managing a music store. After returning to Vermont he spent the remainder of his life in surveying and in assisting his son with whom he lived. "Colonel Munson was married in Cleveland, O.. on the 22nd day of January, 1857, to Julia A. Henderson, of Sherbrooke, Canada, with whom he lived happily until her death in 1878. Many of us remember what a handsome couple they were. Of the four children born to them, two died in infancy. The others, Mr. William li. Munson and Mrs. Minnie M. Wright, reside in Colchester. Colonel Munson was a member of Webster Lodge of Masons in Winooski and of the Burlington commandery of Knights Templar. 1 cannot say for a certainty but 1 think it probable that he was also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the .Military order of the Loyal Legion of the T'nited States. He was a man of fraternal feelings, of warm sympathies and of many social accomplishments. When he i)assed away, on the 2oth of October, 190.3, all his townspeople felt that they had lost a friend. Throughout his life of 70 years he had enjoyed the fullest confidence and the warmest personal regard of all who knew him. What more or better could have been said if he had become greater or richer. He was too modest for his merit, but he rose upon merit alone to a rank above that of most of us who survive. The fact that we are here in such large numbers, and that so many of his fellow citizens have thronged to participate with us in paying this tribute of affection and respect, is the crowning triumph of a worthy character and a well spent life. "Here, so far as this dedication is concerned, I might bring this address to a close. Tint this is our annual reunion, and it brings to us other thoughts than those which iiertain to the final muster-out that awaits us one by one. Happily many of us, I hope that none of you, my comrades, have ever encountered or ever will encounter a disposition to relegate you to the past. Let us show our fellow countrymen that, while we can talk over great experiences which most of them did not share, there are no citizens younger in spirit or more alert to promote every new cause that is good than are the veterans of the Civil War. Not long since I heard a young and able man offer as an explanation of Vermont's small growth in population and industries in recent decades that for years the one theme in her popular assemblies had been the glories that she won in the Civil War, — just as though a success like that, instead of being a spur to further achievement, could satisfy a host of young men who had yet their fortunes and their homes to build and their families to rear! Have any equal numbers of other men done more towards the development of industries than the young men who gained a broader outlook and had their ambitions fired by taking part in the Civil War? Does an occasional reminder of struggles and achievement tend to discourage human endeavor? The very statement of the case shows how illogical is the explanation. No. The real reason why Vermont has not grown faster since the war is that so many of her ex-soldiers and other young men have found in newer states and large cities ojiportunities that did not then exist here. They went out and leavened a great lump, and Vermont's best growth and truest triumph has been in Impressing her principles and habits upon those rising commonwealths of the great West and in making homogeneous a population gathered from the four quarters of the globe. The tide is now running more this way, not because an intelligent, patriotic and grateful people has ceased to talk of events which will forever be their pride and inspiration, hut because most of the corner lots elsewhere have been taken up and because better ojjportunities are opening here. "At our reunion in Montpelier last year I went down from my room to the hotel office at half past four in the morning and there I found three men of my old com- pany, two of whom were eighty years of age, in close conversation. I exclaimed: 'What in the world is Company G doing at this before-reveille hour of the morningi' and one of them replied, 'We are just jiutting in every minute of our time.' I joined them, and what do you think they were talking about? Battles? Xo. silos and gasolene engines. They were also telling about this comrade and that, where they had gone and how they had done in civil life. We took a walk together, and passing a Tlic Thirteenth Rciiiincnt I'cnuont ]' oliiutccrs 9-2J large, well-kept lawn, one of them remarked what a fine crop of grass could have Ijeen harvested there if it had not been sacrificed to beauty. Think of such utilitarianism from a son of Mars I Every town in Vermont contains more than one Cincinnatus like that. AVe mourn to-day the death of Captain Wilder. Some years ago he lost an arm while cutting feed tor his cattle. On the 2Stli of last March he lost his life by falling from a loft in his barn while doing his morning chores. He might have lost his arm or his life at Gettysburg, but we are thankful that he lived to do something tor his family, for his horses and cattle and for the industrial life of his state. "You may look from one end of Vermont to the other and you will find that her principal industries have been and in many cases still are manned by her soldiers of the Civil War. Who for a long time successfully ran a factory at Bennington and became president of the knit goods association of the United States but the late Major A. B. Valentine? Who but the brave and optimistic Colonel George W. Hooker established one of the lar.a;est industries in Brattleboro? Who but Captain W. H. H. Slack has built up at Springfield what has become the largest wool recovering estab- lishment in the world? Is there not at Derby Line a most prosperous steel die estab- lishment, founded and still conducted by the brothers Butterfield. both Vermont sol- diers? Who has done more for Burlington, not only in lumber, its chief industry, but in the hotel business and other enterprises, than the one-armed hero of Bull Run. ex- Governor Woodbury? The late General Wells was long at the head of a great business there and our own comrade of Company A. Heman W. Allen, as youthful and handsome as ever, is still the prosperous owner there of the largest department store in Ver- mont. Was it not General Perley P. Pitkin who developed the largest manufacturing business in Montpelier. and did not our own comrade. Colonel A. C. Brown, do more to introduce the telephone over a large section of the state than any otner man? Who for years did the largest lime manufacturing and hay pressing business in Sw'anton but the late Colonel Erastus W. Jewett, and who built the largest mileage of railroad in the state since the war but his late brother, Col. A. B. Jewett? Who made successful and is still at the head of a large proprietary esablishment in Enosbur.gh Falls, but our own enterprising comrade. Gen. Carmi L. Marsh? Was not the late Gen. William Y. W. Riiiley for a long time one of the greatest employers of labor in the marble business at Rut- land, and was not Colonel John A. Sheldon another? And who has built up the largest marble business in the world but Colonel and since Governor and Secretary of War and now Senator Redfield Proctor? I have cited only cases which readily come to mind, but there are many more in all parts of the state, every one of which goes to show Vermont owes her greatest progress and prosperity to the men who occasionally get together and talk over the scenes of the camp, the march and the battle. "It is undeniable that our elder comrades are passing, but most of us are to be reckoned with for a long time yet. How does anybody suppose New York could get along without Henry O. Clark, or Xorthfleld without Billy Holden, or Underbill with- out Thad Whipple? Political honois may not seek us. or we them, but if there is a search some day for a candidate who will not corrupt the electorate, he can be found under an old blue coat. Men who have faced the cannon's mouth for their country are not going to poiscra their country's spring. "You remember, comrades, that when General Doubleday briefly addressed us on the second day at Gettysburg, upon the tremendous importance of the issues at stake, he said among other things that our success or failure would determine not only which should win. Abraham Lincoln or Jefferson Davis, but whether the country bequeathed to us by George Washington should continue to 'exist. How our young hearts swelled with the realization of our great oi)portunity and responsibility! The world knows the result but it does not always stop to measure it. Washington and Lincoln were vindicated and perpetuated. The South was restored to the Union and has been .grad- ually becoming restored to her right mind. She is to-day. in spite of all the loss and exhaustion of war. richer in every way than she was before. Her freed people are worth more to her than they were as slaves. She has more churches, libraries and schools, more cultivated acres, more smoking chimneys, more railroads, more banks and more in them, and she has a vastly great future as a part of this imperial nation that she ever could have enjoyed as a separate country, hampered by a relic of the outgiown past. The country of George Washington consisted of thirteen states, with a ijopulation of three millions and an area of 372.365 square miles, besides a vast territory fraught with dangers as well as with bright possibilities. Since the Civil War we have annexed ten States, with a present |)opulation of a million and a half greater than that of the original thirteen and with an area more than twice as great, and this very month Congress has provided for the admission of two more. In every material sense, our inheritance and all its additions have undergone such growth and development as the world had never seen before, thus continually adding fresh laurels to the brow of Washington and Lincoln, and giving us, as humble instrumentalities in a part of the great work, all the serene reflections that ever come to solace advancing years and all the bright hopes that nation builders see through the golden twilight of a glorious day." 828 The Tltirtcciith Rcijiiiu-nt I'criiiout I'ohtutccrs Captain Meigs. following tlu' addies.s Ijy Colonel Clurkc hriel' leniarks wen- made bv ex-Gov. r. A. Woodbury of liiirlington and Rev. K. J. Kanslow of Swanton. Capt. i^ciirv B. .Meigs, who canie to Colchester from Baltimore, was called ui)on and resitonded iii th«* following words: "Comrades:— It was my pleasure to land en the shores of my native Green Moun- tain State a few hours since, where sleep several generations of my soldier ancestors. We are heirs, joint heirs, with the republic's children in the inheritance of freedom left by our sires. We are i)roud of all the past; and. although w<> are facing a future pregnant with tremendous possibilities, yet we lace it with a strength and hope and assurance born of an unswerving pur|)0se. and in the belief that the generation that comes after us w^ill measure up to their standards, and as we go hence, we will calmly droi) our mantles on the shoulders of the boys who will worthily wear them, and doubt not our country will find in them nothing wanting. "When I awolje this morning I loolved out of njy cliamber window, and on a near by roof I saw the pleasing sight of some doves billing and cooing, and I immediately thoti.ght tliose doves love one another, and how typical they are of my comrades of the old llUh. and there came into my mind visions of Marsh, Allen, Clarke and others of the old guard. "I bring you greetings from the Southland, from 'Maryland My Maryland." one of the states kept in this mighty Union by the valor of you and your comrades' arms. I am very, very glad to be with you — to look into your faces — the maps of which have vastly changed since the days when we drank from the same canteen. I feel that it Is a great privilege to be here to-day. to grasp the glad hand and look into your windows that are growing dim; indeed it is a great thing to live in this, the most wonderful, the most enlightened age of all the world. It is a great thing to have been a member of the old 13th Vermont, a regiment that made so nuicli of history, and did so much to turn l)ack the tide of rebellion at its highwater mark at Gettysburg. It is a great thing to have lived more than two score of years after the close of that great war In which we were participants, a war that cost mountains of gold and rivers of blood, and to see this, our nation, two score of years after the stirring events of our young lives, the foremost of all the nations. It is a pleasant reflection to think that we have lived In an age of the world's very greatest progress: all or ncai-ly all of the great modern inventions have been conceived and brought forth within our lifetime. "I esteem it a very great privilege to return here to the old Green .Mountain State annually for a few weeks of rest and recreation. I believe it is true tliat a son of Vermont never forgets to think with joy of his boyhood spent amid these mountains and hills. " 'But fervently while life shall last, tho' wide our ways decline. Back to the Mountain-Land, our hearts w-ill turn as to a shrine! Forget Vermont? By her cliffs, her meads, her brooks afoam. By all her hallowed memories — our lode-star while we roam — Whatever skies above us rise, the hills, the hills are home!' "My path in life has led me far from the home of my boyhood, but my tenderest memories are associated W'ith it. and anything that concerns it has never been, or can be a matter of indifference to me. When your summons came to me, I felt that 1' must needs obey it, though I shrank from it, tor I knew that this occasion would bring up most tender and painful memories that I preferred to keep within the silent chambers of my heait. I knew that I would miss here many of the old faimliar faces of foi mer years. "Comrades, we who were privileged to wear the blue more than two score of years ago. and are still living to tell the story, and are permitted to meet at this our annual encami)nient. owe a debt of gratitude to the giver of all gifts which we here must acknowledge. Listen! the youngest of us are nearing cami). soon, very soon, we must answer the call to go down into the valley, and cross over the dark river by the i)ontoon that reaches to the other shore, and we will bivouac there with the great majority who are sleeping beneath the low green tents whose curtains swing no more back forever. "Vermont has been indeed a mighty mother, and her children have shown them- selves entitled to their birth-right of greatness, yet in no boastful spirit do we come to exalt ourselves or our native state. Like the fair tablet that we unveil to-day, and like Cornelia of old, we simply say — 'These are Vermont's jewels.' "'Our lieutenant-tolonel sleeps in a grave with the Nation's dead. With tree tops a requiem sighing. While yonder en a staff ever his head. The flag of his country is Hying." "" The Thirtccutit Kcaiiiu-nt I'cniiont I'niiintccrs 829 Resolutions to Captain Wilder. The following resolutions to the nieniory of Captain O. C. Wilder, of WaitstieUl, were presented and were unanimously adopted: Resolved. That while we are Ijowed in sorrow at the sudden death of our late comrade. Orcas C. Wilder, eaiitain of Company B. 13th Vt. Regt., and we mourn our loss with sincere and heartfelt grief, we shall always retnember with pleasure all our acquaintance with him and we have ever regarded him as a good citizen, a patriotic soldier, an able and gallant officer, and a true friend to all his old comrades. Resolved, That we considered him one of the most prominent members of the association and we believe there are few whose loss would be more generally felt by all. Resolved. That in this sad event we see a call to be watchful and strengthen the ties that remain, and. if there is any duty or labor of love that we would perform to do it quickly ere the call comes to remove us to the other shore. Resolved, That these resolutions be placed upon our records and a copy of them sent to the children of our deceased comrade Resolutions of Thanks, The association passed the following resolution of thanks; Whereas, We of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association assembled in annual meeting at Colchester on the 43rd anniversary of the day w'hen our beloved regiment did things ■ — accomplished so much to perpetuate and preserve this Union of states, immortalized itself and covered its state with honor at Gettysburg, turning back the tide of rebellion. having to-day been most royally entertained by Company D and the citizens of Col- chester. Resolved, That the thanks of each and every member of this regimental associa- tion are due and are hereby tendered to the comrades of Company D, to the citizens ot Colchester, especially the masterly and magnificent welcome 1)y Miss MacBride and associates in behalf of our hosts. Upon the return of the party to the village from the exercises at the cemetery. ice cream and cake were served by the ladies of Colchester. The Thirteenth Rcyimcnt I'cnnont I'olnntccrs 831 DEDICATION OF SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AT MILTON, SEPT. 6, 1909. THE dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Milton took place on Labor Day, September 6, 1909, with fitting exercises amid the cheer of old soldiers and gathering of over two thousand people from all parts of the county and state. The members of Stannard Post of Burling on and the members of Sherman Post of Essex .lunction arrived about 10 a. m.. and were met at the train by the Reynolds Post of Milton, the Modern Woodmen, the Colchester band and many citizens. They were escorted to Odd Fellows' Hall. The Hurlburt Post from St. Albans arrived at 11 a. m.. and were likewise escorted to the Odd Fellows' Hall. Automobiles brought Gov. Geo. H. Prouty. Lieut. Gov. .lohn A Mead. Congressman D. J. Foster. Ex. -Gov. r. A. Woodbury and others from Burlington about 11.30 a. m.. and all were entertained at the home of Col. H. O. Clark. Dinner was served at Odd Fellows' Hall at noon to the greater part of the town's invited guests and many others besides. The ladies of the Village Improvement Society served dinner to nearly two hundred on the Congregational church lawns. The exercises took place promptly at two o'clock from the stand erected beside the monument in the village square. The monument was draped with the Stars and Stripes. Col. Henry O. Clark. 13th Vermont Regiment, presided and made the introductory remarks. Rev, E. E. Herrick. l.'ith Vermont Rt-giment. offered prayer. The unveiling of the monument then took place by a daughter and a granddaughter of veterans, Misses Elsie H. Clark and Gladys M. Perry. The transfer of the monument to the town by the monument committee. Col. H. O. Clark, J. Monroe Perry and Frank E. Cormia then took place. Col. Clark then presented the monument to the town with the following speech: Col. H. 0. Clark's Speech. "This is the largest assemblage that this town has ever seen, even in the stirring days of the Civil War no such body of people ever met together here. Never before has a Milton gathering been honored by the presence of the chief executive and so many of distinction from other parts of the state. "The occasion is one that interests the people of this town and vicinity as it properly should and this is manifest by the number with us today. "A year ago at a special town meeting it was unanimously voted that a Soldiers' Monument be erected. It stands here complete to-day as we trust it will remain for thousands of years to teach the rising generations what their ancestors did in those arduous days of the Civil War. The monument will now be unveiled by Misses Elsie Clark and Gladys Perry, a daughter and a granddaughter of veterans whose names are on the tablets before you," Band — Red, White and Blue. "The committee appointed to erect this enduring testimonial of the valor of Milton's sons, wish here and now to thank the citizens of the town for the loyal sup- port and hearty assistance they have given on every occasion when called upon. W^ithout such support and aid this labor would have been a trying one, but encouraged by all this work has been a pleasure. "This town in 1861 had less than 400 voters. It sent over 200 men to the front, 44 of whom lie in the cemeteries here and fill unknown graves on many a Southern battlefield. These soldiers that marched away were not all included in the less than 400 voters. Many, the majority in fact, had not arrived at the age that entitled them to the ballot, but infused witli the spirit of loyalty they went out to fight the country and do their share in preserving this Union, the foremost on earth, "As chairman of the monument committee it is now my pleasing duty to transfer the care and custody of this monument to the town as represented here by the select- men. To you and your successors in office we now give over the completed monu- ment, feeling assured that the loyalty of those who made the appropriation of it and their successors will forever take proper care that it is kept in the perfect condition as now transferred," Corry E, Osgood as first selectman accepted the monument in behalf of the town with appropriate remarks. The band then played in a fine manner after which the chairman, Col, Henry O, Clark, introduced the orator of the day. Col, .\lbert Clarke, 13th Vermont Regimer.t, now Secretary Home Market Club of Boston, Colonel Clarke delivered one of the grandest orations that has stirred the he.arts of citizens and comrades for many a day. His speech in full follows: t>3- '''''' lliiitccnllt kcijiiiu-iit I \-riih)iit roliiiilcrrs Col. Albert Clarke's Oration. "His Kxcellency. the Govi-iiior, ilr. Cliairniau. Comrades, Women of the Relief Corps, Ladies and Gentlemen : "No sooner was the Civil War closed than cities and towns all over the North began erecting monuments and memorial halls to commemorate their soldier dead, and as soon as their means would permit the people of the South exhibited the same gratitude and devotion. After a time the thousht came that the living soldiers were as well entitled to be honored as the dead, for they passed through common perils. You have the felicity in Milton of giving expression this thought, for you have placed in enduring bronze, upon the sides of this artistic monument, the names of all the 2(»o men who served to the credit of this town, and while no one is in a hurry to have his name inscribed upon a grave stone. 1 think it must be a great pleasure to the comrades who have survived to this day to see their names in this roll of ho:ior, high reared in the business portion of your town, to be read with love and pride by their children and their children's children as the generations come and go. "The voters and tax payers of to-day have honored themselves and added to the prestige and attractiveness of the town by providing this patriotic memorial. The fact that it was not undertaken until nearly half a century had elapsed since the close of the war is no reflection ui)on the town, on the contrary. 1 am inclined to think the credit is the greater, because it lacked the impulse natural to the first days of peace. It shows a lasting sentiment of gratitude and respect and an intelligent ))urpose to teach to all observers that love of country is an ins])iration to good citizenship and a safeguard of liberty, law and order. Such be its lesson, and may it cause the history of the trials, the hardships, the dangers, the losses and the triumphs of the great war to be studied and pondered, and the causes and issues to be so well understood that at no time hereafter in any part of our vast domain shall there be a suggestion or a thought that the I'liion is too large or that possibly some other government might better serve the people's needs. "Among the names inscribed are 34 of my own regiment and the others are divided among nearly all the organizations which went from this state, which proves that Milton's soldiers had a varied and arduous service. The total enrollment of residents subject to military duty was only 141, and yet the town sent 200. The num- ber who lost their lives in the service was 44. or 22 per cent., which is higher than the i)erceutage of the state as a whole and among the highest in the country. Some of the names indicate some variety of race and this is one of the best guarantees of the success of ijopular government by a cosmopolitan citizenship. Many years ago, at an observance of Memorial Day in St. Albans, the then governor of the state, after eloquently describing the hardships and losses of the war. made the point that what had cost so much could not be too sacredly preserved, therefore he advised to put none but Americans on guard. "Apparently he had failed to notice the regalia of the Hibernian Benevolent Society and the St. Jean Baptiste Society which dotted the audience. Colonel T. W. Higginson. of Boston, was to deliver the oration and he whispered to me that he must contrive to correct that unintentional slip of His Excellency, without embarrassing him by alluding to it, so when his turn came he referred in comidimentary terms to the presence of those societies and said they reminded him that when he was in command on Morris Island a regiment came there which was composed of seven nationalities and they spoke but little English. 'But.' said he. "when the bugle sounded and the line was formed and the command was given to "forward march,' every man under- stood it and every man kept step to the music of the Union.' "Later the governor explained in conversation that he was not so far wrong, after all. 'For,' said he, 'after a man has offered his life for his adopted country, he is an American, and what better American could there be?' "The builders of this monument have done well in respect of design, material and location, and of couise we all hope that no violence of war. or accident of peace, or convulsion of nature, will ever mar it: and yet, we know from history that not only monuments but great cities have in the course of time so coin|)letely disappeared that in some instances even the localities of them are lost to the knowledge of man. Babylon. Ninevah. Tyre. Sidon. Carthage and scoies of other magnificent works of man came, flourished and vanished, and there seems to have resulted a settled con- viction that all things material shall pass away. Byron said " 'I have stood upon Achilles' tomb 'And heard men doubt of Troy: 'They yet shall doubt of Rome.' "Shelley referred to the 'firm expectation' that 'London shall be a habitation of bittenrs' and that 'St. Paul and Westminster .Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins in the midst of an unpeopled marsh.' Horace Walpole said, 'At last some curious traveler from Lima will visit England and give a description of the rnins The Thiiicrntli Rc(jiiucut Vcniioiit Voluntccis 833 of St. Paul's, like the editions of Baalbec and Palmyra.' Goldsmith said. 'What cities as great as this have promised themselves immortality! Posterity can hardly trace the situation of some. The sorrowful traveler wanders over the awful ruins of others. Here stood the citadel, but now grown over with weeds, there their senate house, but now the habit of every noxious reptile: temples and theatres stood here, now only an undistinguished heap of ruins.' F'rancis Volney wrote a whole book upon ruins and it is said: 'Who knows but that hereafter some traveler like myself will sit down upon the banks of the Seine, the Thames or the Zuyder Zee, where now in the tumult of enjoyment, the heart and the eye are tco slow to take in the multitude of sensations! Who knows but he will sit down solitary amid ruins, and weep a people inurned and their greatness changed into an empty name?' But Macaulay gave a more cheerful turn to this meditation upon the devastation and crumbling of the handiworks of man, for in speaking of the Roman Catholic Church he said, 'She may still exist in undiminshed vigor when some traveler from New Zealand shall, in the midst of a vast solitude, take his stand upon a bi'oken arch of London Bridge to sketch the ruins of St. Paul's.' And so it seems to me that an institution of government, such as that founded by Washington and his compatriots and preserved by Lincoln and his statesmen and soldiers, ought to survive and will survive the 'crash of matter and the wreck of worlds.' Such was the aspiration expressed by Lincoln in his Gettysburg address and such is the optimistic vision of a people who govern themselves and are not afraid. The loss of monuments and cities was mostly caused by changes of government. While our government lasts our possessions will last. Should government fail, pos- sessions may bo of little worth. "Although there are still with us many near relatives of the soldiers who have passed on. and in whose breasts this occasion kindles emotions of sadness, yet we are not here to mourn, but to celebrate — to celebrate the usefulness and the glory of their service, the growth and prosperity of our country, and the almost complete reconciliation of former foes. To you, my comrades, whose fortune it was to return with your shields instead of on them, a tide of recollections comes to-day, if not less sad than others share, yet mingled more with scenes of excitement and diversion. As you look at this monument and read the names upon it, the intervening years roll back their scroll, and again, with ranks replete and springing step, you march down through the crowded cities of the North and catch bright glimpses of the handkerchiefs and flags that wave you on. Again you wear away months in camp life and drill, building roads, rearing forts, marching and countenuarching and learning the importance of the iron rule of authority. Again you ride the long and dangeious raid or stand the cold and sleepless picket out. Again you hear those oniinou:s, scattering shots, at first faint and far, but soon bringing you face to face with death. Again you recall the deeply solemn thoughts that passed in quick succession through your minds. Now you see the long and charging columns of the foe. Magnificent spectacle! but only for a moment. A hundred thousand hearts beat high, a million nerves are strained to their utmost tension. You glance along our line and are thrilled with ecstacy to see our standards waving to and fro, as if to bid all foes and fears defiance. And now you hear the welcome words to 'flre' to 'charge' and dash like lightning to the fray! "'Now for the fight! Now for the cannon jieal! 'Forward, through blood and toil and cloud and fire! 'Glorious the shout, the shock, the crash of steel, 'The volley's roll, the rocket's blasting spire.' "But ah I comrades, the scene is madness, it is death! How wonderful that any should survive! And yet, this little group before me now can tell o'er many scenes at which the firmest lips might well grow pale; of two Bull Runs, of Warwick Creek, Fair Oaks. Savage's Station, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellors- ville. of Winchester and Cedar Creek, the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburgh, and many others no less trying, though less known of fame. Here, possibly, is one who climbed the bristling heights of Lookout Mountain and shared the triumphs of the 'Battle above the Clouds.' Here, probably, is one or more who went with Butler to New Orleans, and witnessed that wonderful tact and courage which established and maintained order, cleanliness and health in the midst of treacherous marshes and more treacherous men. "Here, may be, is one who followed Sherman and Howard from Atlanta to the sea. and from Savannah to the surrender, or one who sailed with the great Farragut where a fight meant victory or a watery grave, or one who endured the living death at Andersonville. But why enumerate? Here. I know, are men who stood three days at Gettysburg, stood in the open field, stood where 300 cannons volleyed and thundered, stood where 90,000 brave men charged against their iron front in vain, stood wliere Rebellion's highest wave dashed up and broke and rolled away. "How the vision gleams before me now! The tall grass, the sweet scented clover and the golden grain waved beneath the breeze; the birds sang in the trees as sweetly as though the swiftly winged messengers so soon to pierce the air were a thousand 834 I III' Tliirtrnitli l\'r<> E. C. Wilson. 2H. George Bliss. 24. E. S. Murphy. 2iS. James Hasan. C. M. Wright. 2«. 27. Geo. N. Wright 28. J. N. Harmon. 37. 2'J. M. J. Leach. 38. :i(i B. F. Brown. 39. 31. C. W. Searles. 40. ;{2. O. C. Wilder. 41. A-.i. W. G. I'iper. 42. :i4. W. O. Brisham. 43. .JD. 36. Mark Forbes. A. J. Chadwiclt. 44. Henry Butler. E. A. Fisk. Theodore Stow. G. H. Scott. Ira Holden. A. ('. Downing. S. W. Hcrijaniln. J. E. Sloan. ORIGINAL ROSTER Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers' Civil War 1861-1865 S4C) 'I'hc I liirlcciitli h'cyiiiiciil I cniiont I oltiiitccis 77(1- TJiivtcciitli k'ri/iiiiriit I 'rnimiif I 'dliiiitccr' S41 ijS.. .02 ;,' a as --;Sq ss » jm' - . 2! ^''"=^^ QC C -_^ oa ■*^ -a .-.^'2*^ u i o3 2- z H »::=!a^ 03M be tH cr ■is a'"' X 1 ~ S S * 3 i?S?T: ^P! s S J Cq* ~ ■~i ■/: 71 ?j ^ — -a-^-o •ca •a =s f« ■Si -2 •o s : aaaa aa a §p- a 0000 22 ? ^ ^ t- ^ l~, 01 !i-i.^a< £0. &. iS t. ;-• ^ ;- > fe ".i=.i := 4 5'-" =• 5 ■" •^ ^ s ■JS ^« ojS Sf 2 x ^. 1 ~ s ;, — ? ii^ y.- ;; ■^ ;,■ liL, * » «• * * ■■ * 842 The riiirtccitth Rcyimoit I cniunil I Olniiti-i-r: -- CS •- c^ r: = ,; •Z 'r. M c ^ _= ~- ^ ;£ '' (S Q ^ C z. ~ "^ >* X 03 — l^"^ . r*? ^ i'c "x 3, -J 5 ."-— O ■^ W ".i ^ "" S = =-•5 ■^ ' 1 1:." r . 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G o cc r r c^ "^ ": ■C -O X M i - 6 r e: "O -o 5«SP?S^^^'^>^>^C— — — — — — — XXX XXXXXXXXXr-r-E-r-r-E-r- 846 The Tliirtccittli Rcyuiicnt Vermont Volunteers Eh iz; & Hi o > H Iz; o Pi > H hH H » Eh Iz; P< HH M Eh I ■!'S2 ^.tsfiSS^i- ~ ci_ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers S47 ^ ■^. T. K^ . ^ =52 > a^ _T3 ■= a^ 00 cs O rH 2" •§ ft ■£ .^siS?i:-?i~££« I <1 i2 =.i ..2~.2o.2.2S O ;;::i Q Q « o a ci a ciac — ft ftft ft •■5Sg_. s=5£:SaS:aa gas; caai^aMS5aaaaS!£s:£:S5:?S:§^ aKS=5s;§s:SH5:ao ;. a is ceaSS -^ . §3-1 .X ;= M,-i- < — = C = a='— O 3 cs S Ss g S == 3 3 >-.S - ; - : r-— — 3 848 The Tliiiii-ciilli l\\-(/iiii,-iil W-niiunt Wihiiitccis ■f. K J ~ >>: ^ = < = u u V = = ^ ■{■'-' y. ? ~ u ; J J - u ; - i J' = = - - '~ 5 j i i iC % B = E Y.C 1 £ il s ^ s 1 <; a ix 2 "" > >. = '^ s ^ ~ £ -■ - 1 = ^ -i 6 ^ r-t _i; :3 'A < g 5 1 ^ "< ja ~ ^ - = c 5 f^' ^' " 11 i. t' ^ •" ^- ;i -c _ 1-3 aj -_ =. ^• c ^ - '-■ ^ J ;- ^ a •/. 3. 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c: SJoS S o X 3 a ° ti e 00- ■' • J a = jj "^^ *« a s 1 C! T^ §■0 " ?r> ll si ©.a-* a ^ 'Z'°c''> 3 1 .g CO > 1 c COrH 2 03"^ . si "2 =5.9 a - _ c ■^ ... • '* t i pi S Id llila . Oc-"'.9S5 = a S si) " >,d'-' ^ll;; j£ a a i'^llll .a a. g'^ ^Jll !«■§?= ■S'J-£ ■2i-5'S" ■" ■OiS ■< S Sr ffl .2 = ,2 a 3. 22, ;a fcl^ M 2 2. .■■< " 2 " 5 .9 'S'O t: n .'^'3 ■3S •CO 1 'S=S5S'g .3 Gj a Q 2 .Q Q _h_ iiQQQa ^ q5 Q Qw«aaQ CC. W~ .^:^i^:3 — ^i^ X, 1^^ ^ ^bus^H^ KQ_ U k b ■a . b t, L. b &. ^ tH ^« IL' 1:4 K. .^.— t-_- 'U'O a., 13 a a a ^ a oajji^aoa;!!) 1 0) fl a oa ^3j(h!ijaiibliiiitiCrs r3 ^ p fl MM S -- .- .5 ji - ^ is ;-, ^ J^ H • pp ^" ~ •C "> - T 2^ ■■'■- K -■ '^ "^ -? ^ 1 o mm" 5r3 X 'P ? > ^'^ ^ ^-"•"T ^ ^- - ~3 •Sf -^ n "^ -"^-7. \-- 1 - s = ~- 5 ?- P^ ir — i 5 ss J- 5 55 o i =: i 'J j: = r.I C r i ^ -2 B£.:"l §5 o .'"' J i--^ .- Z£-^ = 5 1 J IS ^~E>.5 11 ;?■ X jffi 1'.' jj: >' = ^ ^ ^ ^ r r "- ~"r "r •c -r~~ ~ "— ~"r -^ "T T i- H f > .- i .^ ■;• r HE ■~ r i ■r ■i ■f .^ -^ .; i- r ■'-■k~ ■f ■£ g y. a Q i!= 5 1^ -^ o S ~ ■" S 23 2!5 s s s O O o liiii *S- A\ «1 V B -2 s 5 ^ III goc iflil If 1 {lllll fill III! 111 V H a: ^ Sm y.;-SxS -XX ?''-—-: •^- k5 X .^----rxxsr ;.:,xx :- -X ■^ SSy ss 00 "-3 5 1 1 6^ I. Smith II. Heed II. fole JiKlson C. Cheney ^ (T O C C till Slip s ;»5 3 lili J:X.= /; 1 ^:: - 7 >.r- uz - z ?2;'S , a = o .a ri 1 i ^ S J. 5 i»3 ■<5 tic U";'J^ — — — .^ ^^ •^ <<< <^ ™ ii~» ^ C — — ^ _ — ^ Co » * w ft -5 « * ^ ^ 'A ^* * *' » ■» s * » « •? -s » * * 77k' Thirtccnllt Rcf/inwiit J'crmont Wthtntccr; 851 (-3 ii: w = tc I-: « :S2. cticwc CO Q D QCCCQQ OQCPC U tl t/i U bt tt ^jn^i "^j ■si S.2 rt ■oir •ccro i! "CCC Sc S(55 j^ cc5 J^fe^H"^' •a . -a c- ^- -•- 852 llic 'I'liirtci-iith h'c(/iiiiciil I'cnnoiil I 'hIiiiiUuts ^1' SB"" - So « •C I X c O O^w o JL ZS O S55 p u.aS fc 1, S -4 a ■r 2 - n' ;^ u ■- _ < ^' 5- c > ■0 ?• - ■J €, s ■J. .j ^ s ^• a. C w ^ ^ ^ = c ^ •> £ -; "^ : u l>-f < .< •^ ^c. ■'. "* - i J -- ^■ ? §".> i = 3 in %-- t} l^i 1 ^i % ^ 1 •7 ? ?^| ' . = 1 F~ 3>' ^—•"s" "^ •-' M^- _■ ^- .—" "". H'cif ci ^ 3^ = ■~ -■ — >. ll" ^ i" f:|| -S = i| nd '"."5 S X _. " i."j" ■- _■ i -i i ^ 2 ^" §-§ 5 = *- s c Ipif ="' = --r: ?i; d =^ § 5 = >.^^^ C* '^--*j - § " ,. ?2 ~ ■ it— ijr '^.S — ■^ >. ■7" K 7. '^ "5 " - "" =Z<~ — ■ X •f ^" = 0,, = x^^ "^■"J" Mi > J- If 11 1^- = '-• X .- » „ o a ^ S 5±l- -llsl |B|| ~£ = ii ^^=1= =1 llll ^|f£^|| !•= _;_:" i"'^:^ i'^ii ■3 J ^5 = ,g-f __ — ■3 -3 I'gll ^ o o a> Q a- "3 i- s s; ~ c :25 5q r^.^ Q«DC Q£^ Q^ci oqSSq 55 KC::s £555a-« a 55 s o ?f- = = 1 1 I ~ it " = 3 1 a f r G !==!== 3 o sH = _ ©a a =-©ao_ z-f i i^f 3 xja ■t: o a ^ c*?*^ j; X '^ i£ -^ S s S wSx 5 j; Z '-^ -^ J^ •? -T- H V — •? ," - ■ X Z- = ~ r j^ = i- r; ^aZ. gag ■? 3 » S Sf = ■5:::— -^TJ ?4 55 jj a^i-sH lilil Sss aSa _!_ c: — a-^&i-siT !S4S7 a BE5 I-JS555 ^ < ^>^ . 5-1 S 2 >v tj £ ej lliill ILIfl - 1 ^ ^ § "" i .^ ■- ■ Z Xon < 1 ■A . 11 = 3 ^.^< 3 " "S = X C ?7|.= § •=— "" - ? = = = i % i|t"r" lliill ««»«'? "^a s? » «■ »~» » "" » « "" «■"" ~ '' • »"ir«'»"~ ■"■" ~»» ~ s "" » ■"• « 7» The Tliirtrciitli Rcyimcnt J'cniiout I'oluiitrcys ■^53 x^.; ^ : si ilS <-'l-:;:==i -.y.'i'<'^--'..i:-'.i f, = C = c c : ; Si aj: : KlE'^fefe5:£&&3-;s:Hfe fcao -??KC;Pi^3 f^i-j S ■C re ^/ ^ ■: -3 Jt-g^'io^s |S^\e = ri:--.S ::a Q sc; •Cc'3'O'O'^ ."C C .-g y. J The Thirtcciitli Regiment I'ennont J'oliinteers 855 Ea££4 Ei c < ^i■a ja-jw = ■6 2 ^ 5 X ? .- Q — Q 5S.iK £ M .0 OS .- cs ".5 6^i^ ■ kMi to -a a 31 .a x — c: P-H-gi 5 ^'^ ^ iiijf|o la Ii?;i a! aj a; 10 K 2 73 oi 1/ to oj Oj o

  • e:c^P==(Jps:i= pjt^ 856 Tlic 'riiirtccnih Rcf/iiiu-iit I'cniioiit Idliiiitccrs m tn a ^ tL a M. L. Q < a o u « xi 1 3 S — £• t & 6 S 9 o i J^ <= i (H A 2 -> - 0. c. .= :.' u w-C 't t 2 S ft' * S2 oc * S * c o S ^ £15 ^ 5 =S^= a u .= o S 1 o" a g" a ^ O ^ ^ b a K w r-l Ul •3 ^ X _^ £ ? s = 1 a r 2 CO a s P ^ ? -" o 1 a' 05 ^ " u o "S o O "^ a' T- 2 £• s >c ■- * a>rM' CO "n "rt > S "~ ' ji < ^G , a 1 - - r- ^ if jg a> — 1" ^. a CO 1 d 00 ;=? = T s y. •5 i3 « >« ~ .-r •- ^ .'-^ § ra~ •■^ ^ 1 '- P • c - Z^\ 3J3 c,-^ ■ ==■§ C-3 a .. 3 .iu H Og-i ^ ■p ti^H 2^'^ «'|ccwf r^.^ 'at ax ^a 2^ Is? "Is a a i:i c i ■o ^'^ Si'3 • ? * ■" § p 0) S o £ 01 o s; n ^"^ aj SSq £5 l2 5 cqQCuQQ feOQ 5_ ea _S c5 ^a^ CiO&M c« a y v. w Q ^ L. m a 5^1 •1 ^ a II & = £& 1 = ll > 5 1 a V >. ^ t--^-; - = a 2 — 15 a a a a ^ S'._;^ rt « C'" OfeH 53 o oooo gesPP !^w !^ t: '^'^X^^r-, i. >'. y. 7. y. -J. ^ X ^. — ;. A -3 *^ 5 1 n « 9} ^ j; a * ^ = < s 1 to a 3 — t 1 B, — u a W if i 1 a 5 rt~ 2 t A 1 '^ I- — "' a| lii xi 1 s^" II =^ < £" ^ a II III 1 1 d ct .$* tSOZ.Z»2 • » * » * ' * * * * * * * « • « * The I'lnrtccnth Rc(jiuu-nt I 'cniumt I (iliiiilccrs 857 a a a s*^ be K'Moti, ^ ? f^'cjU'-*'.- £ 1 5 S =;2^ ^^ 3 1|« ^ M OJ a c el's ■= - Ss'° Ci- CCOa &K(5 CSSCO so ■j-j'CffC S 'O— o CviCS v.ry-::xy.Cyy:fy~ ^. i: __? i; >'.--. v. - t. x /C C:;,oo ^ Ca!_,,-§ _:3 I i .,. ■/."^•r- sis — -X j: -f. ■/- ■/. ■/. ■/. — T-'—'r- 858 'J'lw Tliirtcciith h'cyiiiiciit I cnnoiil I 'olitntccrs m a> a a >• Q Q c5 «■ ;: > =v- < a 1 3 7. ^ c .- t" sa t. _- 6 £ 1 j £ & 1 £ c \\ a £ a c s £ M a a S S {i= QcoEi} te, S fij ■D ^j B s :^ '^ .a 5 .5 ll =: ■a a 1 £■ >> ^ eS m 1 5 a £o &; ^- 3 CO .2 a 1 a a 1 2 =■ a a n 1 -J 1 X 1 i c a a -3 ^ r-* ^ 00 ziH £ '^*: ='^ II tH 1 -5 S ■= C. ■a 1: . & c:^ "■? > - d •0 "^ {1 •5 ? /' = S 5 s y. °^_ C5 a •? 10 a e'g^ W 1--H C' ^^ 1.0 1 X ^' SS 5.0 .. ■"? « w"^ •a c-. P'S ox c. V. 1 ^1 s .- 3 5 >.x » = «&§ 1 00 •3 i = ^ ^ a^5=§ II a 3 a >-> > . a =— ^^ 5.0 -a "^ 3 a •-■ . .,=' a i» i!i 50 1 1. £ • . " .0" .gC^,■0 tfO fc,** a< a rs 1.1 x% 01 a .a ■oc '^ ^fT: = •-3 -a •a •O'C-S i^laia ca ^ .-r -•?_-.3 aa 5) ^1 £ S 5 ^ s JU a;^ c •c 11 m g J g 8 S Si §1 5 CS- :; cS C; ::.:;;:: is ::i;i C ~a CS^SS a .^ ll = £■ g 11= >, ^- >. ?- X 1 .7 iT' w 1 1 && nil £ i 3 -■i^ r j if H -^"Cu ©"^ — "^ — Is p£i;i = ■ ; r " ^ ^i af a a £ £ isS 5^ ^£ ?- S isjsi:^ rSSsS ^£ _S_ £££:i~ :; ■^C-~ - :::!:; ? SS 7.f-~.~.— m H s < 2 i s .5 3 at: 11 s Is oj a " £ c - ^' c - 1? i; §1 ■0 i n a a a s -/i^ « * » »' « * *« * * * » * * » * ~* * « * • * » * » * • • • The Tliirti-ciitli l\L-(jiiiiiiit I'cnuont I'oliintccrs 859 ^ „. •-■f .<= ^ z ^- s ^ J_ 2 W S" i-' ^ '"' ~ .5 S 3 .5.£ ^ ^ sd '2'- ^ u = i \ st t 1 If f 1 =■ J «•= S r ^ Kii S S. s £:^ :^ K S S-G ^• s; ir*:- g pa a ^ 1 Is 1 -- ,4_i j; "^^ -;-^-a £ ? a* lis ^; 1^ i •a 1 0: I K :^ = :^' h cj .i^S ;I.|'3-~ ~ i. - ?"•? n CO ^ rt gp ^' -' 1 % g lV '^ . X 6Q-* ^2i c3 "list .!5-,o-aJi" ^ s ..H &•- •^1 £ cz III ai> £ iSP'g 0*5 5 IjiPdl " " !i" ■- a 1^ =« d d .CC^C'-i'"' Of-" c: . , ill *-; ■=•3 '§"■=5 l's|ll^ •rfl. =1 s §■= 1| M'SS ■^ S ?- ^ ^^ ai|l ■t^r— ■3 se 2 'c '^ _ ~ — = z ~ — " - ~— -r'c - c" ■=^?? ■a D , TT tJl-S ^'CC'C'C'C •o'*-~ a '0"'C X aj-c mil M 0; J 0; OJt— 1; a. a _a; 4; _a; a- X oi 55?^ C ^C^K;::;^; Zv.- Z ac-^ K3 Cas! CHp: c-^c "CcHcc CSCK ccS r"-^* b >i >. >i ^ tj . . >> t^ t- U Ui b b »* b J >->- t- 1, >.>. t-.t-.- =-i f- U V 1m '^ EC g 3J^^ ^^■.^ ^ - £ '^ S-? i ■x 0, a. 9; ^ i' 'i il ^ c i . ^■? ^^ ?: 'i -f -? -r -^ 'i ^ ^ ?* ? ^ ■fi % '- «c s s -^^ ^ ^ ~ ~ "£ ^ i^ - ;:; r z ^-r -r ^6 z = z ;: = ~ r - - = - z z z z Z I ^ £ - = r ~ \ - - ~'z 'Z - r -z ,^ r C -^ c fl ^ •^. »i 6^=^^ ^ '^".- - t; "-7 = .:q i „•,; d^- '3 '^ ..:^--<^ 2-9 ■S"'' ^ ^'^|'^£| 3 ^ - ^~ - "" i >;c M ."J? ^s1 __.-| 7i "•=■= 2S|- i.^-4==^| -ac- = p£.^ f ^^1:0.^ 1 •h'r~".i = l^f i /-l^ ^£5 :f^ i( '•^■r ■!| = | sgssl". fli^l^ '^_£S ^ ^ ;^ ^ -'- -J J-J:r£ = £ 5 = •54-44:5 p ^'JiJ -^^P ^.y^.-- iii ^£; :ii.-j.-j.-7.Tr.-7.v.v.v.>\^''^ ;>>>>> >> > * » * * ***** * * * * X- * * ^ * * * * * * « ****** i- ■>■ Jf * 86o 'Jill- Tliiiii-ciilli l\'i-(jiiiiciil W-niuntl IDhtntccrs 5^ 03 EH p o > H iz; o 04 > H »-i CJ 04 » EH iz; H Pi t-H » EH ;:n « =c iz; o u ife-r o = -^tb'3T- |^< riKSj;>S| _ 5|, •§rs5ag,= o 7.~.~-~-Ji The Thirteenth Rcijiincnt i'cyiHonI Volunteers 86 1 a ■p_- a •~' :■ < Bc^o -*; CO O o m g g'O Q Q aa o 5 a iS'o 5a 's=o o o o :5'ci5i3 ! c£ n22 c b ss c c o c s S ™ .: _oo-s2c:£=:.cJ5*°;as2o2o .-J.~~ ■- ■/. < - I. -/- < f- 1- - 1- 1- • ||a .llPi^^ ^lifll liiH^l1«=|j|y|i^li|l|=^i5| more than the care of a child is a task to a loving mother. And so in weakness and pain, he toiled on till at last, the work almost done, the pen fell from his nerveless hand. A great heart makes a true friend, antl it is my privilege to give this testimony for my comrade. He was no deserter either on the field of war or of friendship. In this poor fickle world one such light shines a long way. The esteem in which our Comrade was held and the wide circle of his friends was evinced by the throngs who came from far and near to pay honor at his bier. They did not come because he was among the great and rich and those powerful to help : they came because they could not stay away. A good soldier. That means one whose heart is always on the side of right: — right living — good citizenship: — clean, sober lives. For these our comrade fought as he fought under the flag. So it is not strange that for many a \ear all workers in tlie field of temperance in this state, knew him well. "The life that now is and that which is to come." Ihev go together. We go whither our faces are set. It is this which makes it easy to conquer death. It is no longer death but a flying shadow. So we wait in hope. May 28th, igio. May is the month when all nature puts on new life and "the exuberant burgeon seemed to mock the sere and desolate winter of our sorrow" ; but it was only in the seeming, for we thougllt of another world where it is always Spring and where we, soldiers of '6i-'65, who have come to a mellow autumn, shall put on new life forevermore. Thus hoping, thus trusting, till then, brave comrade of the 13th, Good Bye! — Good Bye! EUGENE J. RANSLOW, IIoii. Mtiiihir I Uh /■/. I'ols. flDemorial This stor\ of the Thirteenth X'ermont \'olunteers would be sadh incomplete if it did not sive at least this postscript page to record how Gen. Carmi L. Marsh, of Enosburg, out of the goodness of his alwa\s generous heart, gave to his native town of Franklin an imposing Soldiers" Monument which was dedicated witii appropriate ceremonies Friday, September 9, 1910. The modesty of the donor of this public gift forbids the most particular detailed account of it in a book that he is himself so largely responsible for, but his associates would not feel that justice had been done their comrade if this account of the most recent benefaction of his generous purse were not made a permanent memorial on this page. IAN 18 1911 I ; :'yi'':'i ':■ ■■■■' r^i^rai Hi/ !'■■■'; '''A ' ! '■' '.'/;'' hOTt.E?5TOOO SSailONOD JO AHYUHI I