Class F37^ 
 Book_Jl2v£_ 
 
1/6^ 
 
 SCENES ,yf 
 
 AND 
 
 SETTLERS 
 
 OP 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 BY 
 
 Sub Rosa. 
 
1-s<g 
 
 ■1- " 
 
A IVORD OR TWO. 
 
 Some one has said — If you wish to be revenged of 
 your enemy, induce him to write a book. My enemy is 
 necessity. Something was to be done. My attendants, old 
 age, ill health, ill luck, and lack of business capacity, indi- 
 cated what that something should be, — Hinc illce lacrimce. 
 It is not because 1 believe myself competent, but because of 
 my relative position towards the things whereof I am about 
 ^" to speak. ' I am a living link between a dead and a living 
 
 generation — I was pari of the former, as I am part of the 
 latter, and I tell of what I know, and saw. Thus I am 
 induced to believe I can paint a true, if not artistic picture, 
 of the scenes I attempt to describe in the following pages. 
 
 From the first scene, the explosion of the " Wild Cat " 
 to the present time, fifty years and a great civil war have 
 rolled down the alley-ways of eternity, obliterating nearly 
 two whole generations, and almost their memory. Hence 
 my excuse for introducing descendants to the ways and hab. 
 its of their ancestors, which, I trust, will prove of sufiicient 
 interest, both to induce them to read my book, and excuse 
 my temerity. 
 
 Sub Rosa. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 By Sub Rosa. 
 
 THE "WILD CAT." 
 
 Btisy Memory, now uplifting the mists of fifty past years, begins 
 this scene when, a boy of ten, I stood upon a bluff of the Black War- 
 rior river at Areola, one of a group composed of whites, Indians and 
 negroes of all ages and sexes, waiting curiously and fearfully to see 
 the pioneer steamboat " Wild Cat " pass down stream. She was the 
 first steamer to climb this narrow, crooked and rapid current to Tus- 
 caloosa, the head of navigation. She had passed up unheralded and 
 unseen by many of the settlers. Newspapers in those days were few 
 and never arrived on time, hence no one expected her advent. But 
 her return was winded, by word of mouth, all along the river, and 
 the entire population adjacent assembled at the most convenient land- 
 ings to see the monster go down. 
 
 At this moment the steamer was just opposite, distant but a half 
 mile overland and five miles by course of current. The snorts of her 
 scape-pipe echoed and reechoed through the narrow intervening skirt 
 of timber like a saturnalia of wild beasts battling over a carcass. The 
 smoke from her chimneys rose above the trees black and heavy, mark- 
 ing her progress, and trailing behind on the still air like a long sable 
 streamer. Each puff — now low, then loud and fierce, as the nature 
 of the woods covered or uncovered the sound — drew ejaculations and 
 exclamations from our variegated group, such as "Ugh, Ugh!" "Hi, 
 Hi!" "Golly, dat's a snorter!" "Pse gwine home, I is!" "Hell's 
 afloat!" &c., uttered according to size, race and color. As soon as 
 the "Wild Cat," propelled as fast by the rapid current as the power of 
 her rude machinery, revealed her fearful figure through the thinner 
 trees of the point above, an immediate stampede of short cotton shirt- 
 tails and tri-colored legs followed to the rear, but overcome by curi- 
 osity, when they saw the older folks stand firm, returned to their 
 positions. The steamer quickly uncovered the timber, and showed 
 her fiery furnace doors wide open, and her huge black chimneys 
 
6 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 belching fire, smoke and unearthly groans. She tapped her bell for 
 our landing. Scarcely had the reverberation ceased to quiver upon 
 the air, before an explosion and immense roar followed, similar to 
 Niagara Falls heard at the vortex, for the first time, by suddenly 
 unstopping the ears. It was Sunday morning, the air still and shim- 
 mering with waves of heat and moisture — ^just such a state of the 
 atmosphere as to give sound full volume — lent assistance to the effect, 
 so appalling to the spectators. Billow after billow of white steam 
 rolled from all sides, and completely enveloped the ill-fated steamer, 
 hiding her from sight. For several minutes this veil hung around 
 her, then slowly uplifting like a massive white cloud stirred by a gen- 
 tle breeze, gradually uncovered and revealed the ghastly deeds done 
 under a pall seemingly created for the purpose. Her chimneys were 
 gone, her boilers hidden in the canebrake, her engines twisted out of 
 form, and her voice hushed forever. Like a log she swung to the 
 mercy of the current, v^jhich soon drove her, stern foremost, to the 
 landing, where she was caught and made fast to the trees. Now, for 
 the first time, aggregated and hideous death met my gaze. Several 
 men and women, scorched black by fire, lay upon the guards burn- 
 ing, smoking, dead and dying. Upon the bow the remainder of her 
 passengers and crew stood, or laid around, scalded, screaming, and 
 expiring. Some, naked, had flaps of skin peeling from their faces 
 and rolling down their nude bodies like spring bark from hickory sap- 
 lings, revealing the bloody trellis-work of veins and muscles lying 
 beneath the outer covering. The air seemed to quiver with choked 
 gioans, sighs and loud prayers for mercy. Great confusion ensued, 
 none knew what to do, except chorus the cries of the victims, until 
 some more experienced persons came from the adjoining plantations 
 and established a system of relief. There was no heed taken as to 
 who should provide for the sufferers, it seemed instinctively under- 
 stood the nearest and most convenient houses were to become hospi- 
 tals without a question or consent or consultation of their owners, and 
 the patients common property and objects of care to the entire settle- 
 ment. Carriages, wagons, rudely and temporarily constructed stretch- 
 ers, and willing hands, soon made the survivors as comfortable as 
 possible. Everybody hastened to contribute the best they had on 
 hand to dress wounds. In several instances lace handkerchiefs, sou- 
 venirs of the glories of the Empire, were sacrificed and scraped into 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 7 
 
 lint for this purpose. No one cared what went so that pain was 
 cased and life spared. A generous competion arose between the 
 French — exiles from their dearly-loved France — and the American 
 settlers as to who should make the greatest sacrifices for the unhappy 
 beings so terribly and unexpectedly blown upon their shores and 
 mercy. 
 
 After many months, when close attention and tender nursing had 
 restored the victims to health, they went their several ways provided 
 with money, clothes, good wishes and friendships added to gratitude 
 to endure the balance of their days. 
 
 The Marengo-county Colony, composed of French refugees from 
 the wars of the Empire, mingled with American settlers of a higher 
 class from the older States, formed a social circle in that primitive 
 wilderness, unexcelled by any society of the country. The history of 
 the Marengo Colony is a romance of more pages than the purposes of 
 this pamphlet will permit to describe. 
 
 ABOARD THE "SUN."— DOWN THE RIVER. 
 
 A few months after the '^Wild Cat" exploded, her successor, the 
 steamer "Sun," tied up at our plantation, on the Warrior, to take us 
 and our cotton crop to Mobile. My first impression of steam had not 
 been favorable to that element. Ever since that terrible scene I had 
 been pondering on steam and had come to the conclusion that it was 
 a subject to be pondered upon the more T pondered. Although fifty 
 years have gone fading down the passages of memory since then I am 
 still pondering, without elucidation : Why is it, in boiler explosions, 
 no one is to blame, except, perhaps, the dead victim who cannot 
 testify in his own behalf? The inspector's certificate covers the 
 boiler, the foimdryman's receipt for newness or recent repairs con- 
 firms the inspector's certificate. With an eye to the future the frac- 
 tion of the engineer, lucky enough to be spared, testifies the water 
 and the steam were all right. An expert in metal, holding a frac- 
 tured fragment in hand, with a knowing look of the eye, explains to 
 the learned judge — who, of course, knows all about it — that the ex- 
 plosion came from no lack of cohesion of particles, but from over- 
 expansion of steam inside the particles. Then, last of all, comes the 
 fireman, who, upon oath, swears he saw no two hundred pound 
 " nigger" sitting upon the weights. Hence, the cause, if any, lies 
 I 
 
8 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 between the dead man and the expansion of steam. The insurance 
 company pays up, and the steam goes on expanding until ready for 
 another over-expansion. Hence it is I am still of the opinion that 
 steam is a thing to ponder upon the more you ponder. 
 
 When I boarded the "Sun," held by my parents on either hand, 
 fear and misgivijigs marked my faltering footsteps across the staging 
 and up the round ladder steps into the hissing caldron of the steam- 
 er's open cabin. Mother tried to make light of my fears, but con- 
 fessed afterwards she was not without reproach, and required many 
 assuraces from our popular captain, Sardine Stone, to quiet her 
 nerves. Captain Stone's father, of the same name, was the first sur- 
 reyor to lay off the streets of Mobile into shape and regularity. His 
 remains are buried upon the Stone family homestead in Marengo 
 county. When we entered the cabin supper waited upon the steam- 
 ing table, which covered a circular box through which the fly-wheel, 
 then uncoupled, revolved, working off steam. Every revolution 
 shook the table and all its contents with fearful clatter of dishes, 
 glasses and tumblers — every stroke of the loose piston was followed 
 by steam escaping and hissing like a thousand fish in a mammoth 
 frying-pan — white vapor spirted up through cracks in the floor Hke 
 geysers in the sea, all together combining to raise pandemonium with 
 our unaccustomed nervous system. Mother groaned, and I ceased to 
 masticate at every new sound, until assured and reassured time and 
 again by the captain, to whom our trepidation was a source of great 
 amusement. He looked upon our fears with the same curiosity that 
 the Choctaw Indians manifested at seeing a Frenchman on board, at 
 Nannahubba bluff, pull out and exhibit an entire set of false front teeth 
 
 and replace them. 
 
 THE SUPPER. 
 
 A multitude of small dishes, containing a good mouthful each, 
 dotted the table, and defied a name. Pies, puddings, custards, pre- 
 serves, pickles, acids and sweets commingled in reckless profusion 
 and confusion. The exceptions to these minute plates and their con- 
 tents were two huge smoking hot platters of fried venison steaks 
 placed, one at the head of the table before Captain Stone, and the 
 other at the foot in front of Gen. Baker, the clerk. This gentleman, 
 a few years after, was tried in Tuscaloosa for some violence or shoot- 
 ing affair, and being found guilty asked the permission of the court — 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OK ALABAMA. 9 
 
 through his counsel, George N. Stewart, (as was then customary) — 
 to treat the jury and court, to show a want of malice. This was 
 granted. The wine had been previously drugged with an opiate. 
 While the entire court, including both audience and sheriff, slept, 
 Gen. Baker galloped off to Texas, where he became, many years 
 after, a member of Congress and a prominent leader pf the stirring 
 scenes preceding the annexation of Texas. 
 
 Most meats in those times were fried, both because they were 
 quicker done and on account of the scarcity of other cooking utensils. 
 There were heaping platters of fried catfish, trapped from the War- 
 rior river in baskets plaited with white-oak strips, wide at the bottom 
 and narrow at the top ; a yielding funnel composed of the same mate- 
 rial admitted the fish easily, but closed against their exit. The bait 
 used was a mixture of cotton and dough, boiled together, to resist the 
 wash of water through the open wicker-work. These baskets, tied to 
 overhanging limbs by grapevines, were let down upon the bottom of 
 the river, and allowed to remain for several days before taken up. 
 They often contained several hundred pounds of fish. Their locality 
 for many hundred yards below and above the landing was marked by 
 the rigid grapevines quivering with rush of the current. Every Sun- 
 day morning there was a general meet of the basketmen at the land- 
 ing for the purpose of a big division of several days' catch. This 
 was done, amidst merriment and jokes, in the following manner: 
 The contents of all the baskets — catfish, perch, suckers, drums and 
 eels — were heaped upon the banks in one big pile and divided, as far 
 as possible, into the requisite number of smaller piles, according to 
 number and value — thus : a perch was worth two cats ; one big cat, 
 two small drum ; a drum, two eels, &c. If there were ten fishermen 
 present eleven piles were placed in a small circle, the odd one being 
 for "old missis." Then all the negroes — stark naked, just as they 
 -came from the water — stood facing the circle, except one, whose back 
 was turned. One of them would put his finger on any bunch, hap- 
 hazard, and ask the man with his back towards the fish, "Who pile 
 dis?" "Dat's Tobe's pile;" "Who pile dis?" "Dat's Sandy's 
 pile;" "Who pile dis?" "Dat's old missis' pile," and so on until 
 all were disposed of. There was no appeal from the blind decision. 
 It was, indeed, a la Madame Justitia with the bandage and scales. 
 Each darkey then pitched a fish from his pile into "old missis' " pile 
 
lO SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 for lagniappe, particularly when "young master" was present to'' report 
 their generosity to "old missis," who seldom failed to reward it with 
 an extra plug of pig-tail tobacco. 
 
 To return to our supper, there were — in addition to the catfish — 
 fried ducks of every variety from the same stream ; fried squirrel, 
 from the soft, downy grey to the red-haired fox ; fried partridges, 
 caught in vast numbers by partridge-nets, in the following manner: 
 At sight of a covey, or many coveys combined — containing sometimes 
 a hundred or more birds, as was usual in that unhunted country — the 
 horseman, who carried the net attached to his saddle, rode around 
 and ahead of the covey, and his fellow huntsmen and huntswomen — 
 for both sexes indulged in this pleasure, always mounted, because the 
 birds would not take flight from a horse — and spread his net with twa 
 outstretching wings covered with grass, in the most convenient place. 
 Then circling their horses slowly around the birds running before, the 
 riders — talking all the while as though not interested in the matter — 
 drove and guided the covey cautiously into the wings and bag of the 
 net, when the nearest rider immediately dismounted and stopped the 
 entrance against their return. But let us return to the supper. 
 There was fried possum between fried sweet potatoes floating in nat- 
 ural grease — now-days we bake this succulent varmint, — there was 
 coon fried and pricked through with red-pepper pods to facilitate 
 digestion. There was fried venison steaks enough to surfeit the 
 lunch-counter of a popular barroom, and last and best of all juicy 
 and delicious fried steaks or strips from the breast of wild turkeys. 
 This dish, then abundant, is fast disappearing before advancing civili- 
 zation. It would be well for the present generation to procure a 
 trial, for there will be no wild turkey steaks left for the next. The 
 frying-pan then, as it is now in country kitchens to a less extent, was- 
 the principal cooking utensil in use — except among the French set- 
 tlers, who coming from France so recently brought and used the only 
 roasters and broilers in the neighborhood — hence dyspepsia settled 
 upon the settlement, and has been handed down with the family 
 name in many instances, as an heir-loom to the present generation. 
 
 No stores but tea, coffee, sugar, tobacco and whiskey were 
 required to be laid in by the early steamboats navigating the Alabama 
 rivers. The adjacent country, with ammunition and a shot gun — 
 flint-lock at that — were sufficient to feed and clothe an army. Not yet 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. II 
 
 exhausted, it was then a vast storehouse of living provender to be 
 snared and secured in sport, not labor — hence the Indian name of 
 ♦•Alabama"— 
 
 HERE WE REST. 
 
 The huge platters of fried steaks placed at the head and foot of 
 the table before the captain and clerk, were carved and served by 
 them to the long string of waiters awaiting their turn, amid such rush 
 and clatter of dishes and glasses as rendered it impossible to con- 
 verse until all were helped. After about a half hour the guests arose 
 and sought amusement until bed time. 
 
 Now small circular parties of females, of that ilk called by the 
 negroes "buckra white folks," assembled with their gum stick tooth- 
 brushes in hand around a box of snuff, and dipped and gabbed until 
 the contents were exhausted, and bed time came. 
 
 Thus set the first sun aboard the steamer " Sun." 
 
 THE CABIN OF THE "SUN" 
 
 Consisted of two rows of sleeping-bunks on each side of the boat, one 
 above the other. Red curtains — drawn upon draw-strings which 
 never drew, on account of breakages and splices — were intended to 
 conceal the ladies disrobing, but, like Mrs. Partington's goat's tail, 
 rather tended to show than hide. The cabin had no partition and 
 extended from bow to stern, married gentlemen and families slept 
 towards the rear while single gentlemen occupied the front berths. 
 The courtesy of the men of those days towards the gentle sex was 
 proverbial. No one presumed to gaze rudely even upon the hum- 
 blest woman. Had a dude of our day been there and winked one 
 eye, as is usual with them now, he would have been probably gently 
 chided with a derringer. 
 
 CARD PLAYING 
 
 And toddying were the principal occupation of the gentlemen from 
 the moment they stepped aboard to the hour of departure. Perhaps, 
 several times during the trip, the crops of cotton stored under the feet 
 of the players, changed owners and commission merchants, before 
 reaching port. The bar was a gold mine, and the barkeeper a jack- 
 of-all-trades. To be popular and fill the position many accomplish- 
 ments were required, some of which were to be always on hand 
 
12 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 ready to mix drinks night and day, to tell impossible yarns — the more 
 
 extravagant the better — to play the fiddle or flute, to squeeze for a 
 
 change of a bad run of luck and at the same time rejoice with the 
 
 winners, to drink every bout and keep sober when everybody else 
 
 were drunk, to load and lend his gun to every person who wished to 
 
 try his skill as marksman at^the immense flights of waterfowl which 
 
 darkened the river all day long, constantly accumulating before the 
 
 noise of the steamer, and, driven beyond their range, rose and turned 
 
 up stream, and passing overhead concealed the sun for many 
 
 moments like an eclipse. When a barkeeper became popular he was 
 
 at once a fortune to himself and his boat. Passengers waited weeks 
 
 to travel with him. Time was no object in those days, and the first 
 
 and fourth of the month were unknown numbers. Accounts of cotton 
 
 sales alone marked pay day, and that came on no particular date, 
 
 hence there were no protests for planters or loss of credit for failure 
 
 to meet notes. 
 
 A BUCK SWIMMING 
 
 Across the river was now seen. In a moment all the passengers were 
 on the guards, excited, shouting. The engines were stopped, the 
 yawl manned by a party of amateurs, and soon in full pursuit. Now 
 ensued a very exciting race between the deer and boat. With a forest 
 of horns branching like a thorn bush, the buck, seeing his danger, 
 redoubled his efforts to reach the dense canebrake ashore. The men 
 bent to their oars with might and main, as they felt they were gaining 
 distance each stroke. Within fifty feet of the bank the boat ran upon 
 the deer, whose horns were quickly seized by the bow-oarsman, who 
 attempted to push his head under water to drown him. In this he 
 failed, because the deer, in desperation, struck his fore feet against 
 the gunwales of the yawl with such fierce strokes that, aided by the 
 clumsiness of the crew, he precipitated them headforemost into the 
 river, which gave them such concern for their own safety they forgot 
 the deer, who, abandoned to his own sweet will, rose triumphantly 
 upon the slippery banks, shook himself and disappeared through the 
 dense cane, which quickly closed behind and hid him from sight. 
 Fortunately none of the unlucky sportsmen were missing when the 
 yawl drew alongside, but the crew were guyed and received with such 
 mockery and laughter, as made them glad and willing to purchase 
 rest with wine enough to enliven everybody on board. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 1 3 
 
 WOODING. 
 
 There were neither wood yards nor corded steamboat wood in 
 those days. When the supply was exhausted, the boat tied up to the 
 nearest and most convenient landing. The crew armed with axes and 
 led by the mate, leapt ashore and attacked the standing tree, with 
 regard only to the kindling qualities of the timber and its adaptability 
 to creating heat. 
 
 Cheered by the passengers as well as urged by the mate, they im- 
 mediately attacked the standing trees, one chopper on each side, and 
 made their axes ring and echo through the dense canebrake, while the 
 chips flew around like hail. These contests were made lively by drams 
 administered at intervals, and numerous wagers and banters upon the 
 skill of the choppers, between the passengers. The moment a tree 
 fell — crashing and sounding like thunder and shaking the adjacent 
 thickets tor hundreds of yards, through the lace-work of pendant 
 vines attached — it was bounced at intervals of four feet by the axmen, 
 two facing in, and one out to make room for the swing of their helves, 
 and the chopping match began. Here was the betting point, the 
 best chopper, often the lightest weight, mounted the butt cut, the 
 biggest end, and tried to go through before his nearest neighbor with 
 a smaller cut. Thus the betting ranged from the stump to the lop of 
 the tree. A tree forty-five feet long required ten choppers. Naked 
 to the waist, black, greasy and muscular, with gouts of sweat beading 
 their faces, and rolling in rills down their steaming bodies, they 
 swung their gleaming axes with such terrific velocity as to carry them 
 up by rebound ready for the descending stroke. The numerous 
 streams and ponds piercing the dense canebrake like veins in the 
 human body, caught up, carried and returned these sounds, so mul- 
 tiplied and increased and confused, that the woods seemed to abound 
 with thousands of cutting matches repeating each other in every 
 direction. This continued until the cuts upon which they stood, 
 shivered first then rolled off, severed from the main trunk. Shouts 
 of triumph followed the victors, and bursts of derision the losers. 
 Drams circulated again, and bets changed hands. Soon the stan- 
 chions were filled with wood and the boat underway, much to the de- 
 light of the officers, who are always impatient of delays, knowing 
 time to be money and a slow steamer worse than an elephant. 
 
14 SCENES AND SETTLERS OP ALABAMA. 
 
 THE SLAVE CHARACTER. 
 
 The old plantation darkey was easier and better controlled by 
 praise and kindness than by the lash and brutality. Masters who 
 used the whip less, and rewards more, always obtained the happiest 
 results. Their slaves never ran away, nor remained half their time 
 hidden in the woods, and the other half recovering from the bites of 
 hounds which trailed to cover and brought them to bay, with torn 
 skins, if the driver happened not to come up in time. 
 
 Slaves owned by humane masters, which word, I am happy to 
 say, qualified most of slave owners of Alabama, were never hounded 
 and rarely ever sold, unless from the improvidence and extravagance 
 of their younger masters, who, sometimes, through lost horse races 
 or unfortunate run of cards, were compelled to sacrifice a few of the 
 old family servants upon the block, or in payment of wagers. When- 
 ever this occurred, there was as much mourning and wailing on the 
 plantation as at a funeral. In the family mansion as well as the 
 negro quarters, the dirge went up, white and black mingled their 
 tears together in such a reproachful manner, that the young scape- 
 grace of a master was glad to go to a neighboring plantation and 
 hide away until time healed these wounds of regret and sorrow. 
 Whenever a negro was sold from this cause, he invariably brought a 
 double price, for the purchaser was assured of a good servant who 
 would give him neither trouble or expense and prove a valuable 
 investment. 
 
 The old tried ante bellum plantation servant was a good institu- 
 tion, and contributed much to cultivate kindness, gentleness and 
 affection in the natures of his young white masters and mistresses, 
 the children of his owner. He was so loving, humble and self- 
 sacrificing, both by nature and culture, he could not fail but inspire 
 similar sentiments in the impassionate minds of these young people, 
 thrown so much in his way, and so dependent on him for companion- 
 ship and service. He was not only their slave, humble, and quick to 
 do their bidding, but he was, in addition, a kinsman true. Everj 
 unkind word spoken against any of them, in his presence, was re- 
 sented as a personal injury. From the cradle of the new-born to the 
 death-bed of the old master, he was the unpaid, uncomplaining 
 devoted nurse and friend, submitting to all a sick master's whim and 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 1 5 
 
 petulance without resentment or change of conduct, and, at last, 
 wept over his grave as genuine a mourner as the nearest white rela- 
 tive. I will bear testimony to this statemant by introducing 
 
 DR. SCIPIO. 
 
 A few days after the surrender of our army I arrived home in 
 Mobile a paroled prisoner, stripped of everything except clothes and 
 a big roll of Confederate money, which was not only useless, but 
 worse, because it became a reminder of the great game we had just 
 played with human bones for dice and lost. It was, in addition, sug- 
 gestive of the impending struggle for daily bread. The planter class 
 to which I belonged, had not only lost their slaves, but also the value 
 of their land which left them represented by zero minus any business 
 capacity. I found family supplies also exhausted, and nothing on 
 hand to barter for greenbacks, which were not then in circulation 
 among our citizens, because the Federal army had not been in pos- 
 session long enough to distribute them for value received. My 
 necessities, therefore, were immediate, and required relief within a 
 limited period. I walked the streets all day and sought in vain for 
 some comrade who, luckier than myself, might temporarily relieve 
 my distress. The same familiar faces and companions in arms, with 
 whom I had seen and shared so many ups and downs and so many 
 hopes and disappointments, passed and repassed, wearing, as I 
 thought, the same anxious look I wore. At last, wearied and dis- 
 heartened, as a proud man always is when his pockets are empty, I 
 started, about ten o'clock at night, homeward, and had gone but a 
 few steps with head bowed down, seeing no one, and wrapt in my 
 own selfish misery, when a cheerful voice hailed thus: "Ain't you 
 glad to be your own master once more, and at peace with all the 
 w^orld ? Come, lead to old Asa Holt's, if he still lives, and let us do 
 it once more as we did so often before." So we went and did it many 
 times as we had done four years before, recalling the while many 
 scenes and persons of the past, who had passed down the passages of 
 eternity. At last my friend, who had but arrived that day, and sold 
 his crop of cotton, successfully hidden away from Yankee raids for 
 four years, drew from his side pocket in a reckless way, a huge roll 
 of new crisp greenbacks, and demanded his score. The sight fas- 
 cinated me ; for a moment I thought Aladdin had scratched his won- 
 
l6 SCENES AND SETTLERS OK ALABAMA. 
 
 derful lamp for my benefit, or my vision had doubled., looking so 
 often through the double Q convex bottoms of Asa's new glasses. 
 But a second look, satisfied me the roll was there, heaped upon the 
 bar and twisted like a bundle of worthless shoe strings, into such 
 shape as only John Barleycorn can twist things. The smallest 
 denomination was a five. Despair fled, and hope grew up like mush- 
 rooms after a soaking rain. Timidity now strengthened by Dr. 
 Holt's invigorating cordial, spoke my situation boldly out without 
 hesitation. My friend guessed my purpose before I finished, and 
 pushing the whole pile towards me, said : " There, help yourself and 
 hush." I modestly extracted a ten. "Go down again; I leave 
 to-night at twelve — I hear my boat whistling now. I will take this 
 stuff along if there is any left. You can't have another draw, the 
 game will be blocked." 
 
 With gratitude and a parting smile, I declined his generosity,, 
 and bidding him good-night, once more started home in better spirits 
 and renewed hope. All were asleep in the house when I arrived. 
 Not wishing to disturb them, I undressed in the parlor and placed 
 my clothes upon a sofa, where I sat for several hours thinking over 
 what I could do to earn my bread in the future. Like most of my 
 class, I was unfitted for the change of the revolution, and I felt I was 
 about to have a hard road to travel. Several times while resolving 
 these things I thought I heard heavy and suppressed breathing quite 
 near, in the same room, but dismissed the impression as caused by 
 some restless sleeper. I went to bed, and after a few hours, got up 
 and entered the parlor to dress. My clothes and papers were scat- 
 tered over the carpet in such confusion as to suggest a liberty from 
 any dog. But he was not in the house, and could not have been 
 there, the back door being locked. Next I thought of and felt for 
 the ten dollar bill. It was gone ! The open window, with a step 
 ladder propped against it from the outside, told the tale. 
 
 Again a pauper! From the top round of hope suddenly fallen 
 to the bottom round of despair, without a cent and no breakfast in 
 the house. I thought of the hungry mouths now unconscious of the 
 situation, soon to be supplied — from what, and how? Amid all the 
 gloom, a ray of spiteful consolation came as I recalled the heavy 
 breathing of the night before, and knew the thief was in the room all 
 the time, near enough to touch me. How he must have suffered to 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. i^ 
 
 repress the sneezes and other infirmities of human nature, the long 
 weary hours I sat there, his unconscious sentinel. He earned that 
 ten dollar bill, and I now forgive him. Should these lines meet his 
 eyes they may ease the conscience of a reformed thief, and enable 
 him to die in piece. 
 
 But my thoughts quickly returned to the immediate void of 
 pocket and pantr3\ I began to realize the humiliation of a broken- 
 down gentlemen, of a man accustomed all his days to affluence and 
 independence, reduced to beg for bread or its equivalent. I had 
 nothing to offer in exchange. 
 
 While imbibing this mental camomile mixture I heard Dr. Scip's 
 voice call out to old Caroline, his wife and my servant, to "fotch dat 
 clean shii't quick. I's got to go to the horsepittal to visit my patients. 
 I's late now." Scip was a root doctor, at least ninety years oldy 
 crippled for many years. He lived, at my expense, in an outhouse 
 of the yard, and during the war married our .faithful slave, Caroline, 
 as old as himself. Gen. Hardee was present at the wedding, which 
 took place in the parlor, and gave the blushing bride of sixty years 
 away. 
 
 The object of the groom was a support from the white folks and 
 service from his wife, both of which he exacted and obtained to the 
 fullest extent. 
 
 The Doctor did a little outside ]:)usiness in "3'arbs," roots and rat- 
 tle-snake oil, the latter being his cure-all. He was regarded with 
 reverence and awe by ignorant whites as well as superstitious negroes, 
 and was at times consulted for many mysterious diseases even by a 
 better class of citizens. He possessed one trait in common with all 
 heroes — self-assertion, and being well read in human nature, never 
 failed to pose for, and impose upon its credulity when chance 
 afforded. To those who knew, he was as harmless as vain. As soon 
 as the Federal medical staff arrived in town, the Doctor paid them a 
 professioiTal visit, and ventilated his scientific attainments. The 
 staff being overrun with sick white soldiers, placed Doct. Scip in 
 charge of the colored troops' hospital at Whistler, where he had been 
 for some time without my knowledge. A few moments after, the 
 Doctor was dressed and upon the sidewalk in front, laboriously work- 
 ing his huge, unwieldy form through the narrow door of a cab which 
 awaited him. The faithful Caroline held his crutches and pushed 
 
l8 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 him behind. As soon as he was seated I came out to ask if he had 
 heard an unusual noise in the back yard during the night. 
 
 As soon as Scip saw me he seemed struck with ni}' expression, and 
 said: " What's de matter, Mars P.; is you sick? You's mighty 
 pale." I commenced to tell of my night's experience, saying I was 
 broke and would like to borrow a quarter. I had no hopes of getting 
 a cent, but unconciously and hopelessly asked for it. When I began 
 the story, an incredulous smile at first crept over his wrinkled face, 
 but as I went on rather earnestly, and he began to believe, the smile 
 changed and half hardened, like a boy in pain suppressing his tears 
 for fear of being called baby. When he fairly understood the 
 status — that our positions in the world had changed to the extent that 
 the dispenser of favors for so many years was now a beggar to the 
 recipient of those favors for one small return — it seemed to hurt him 
 like a blow in the face. His countenance set into an expression of 
 such genuine tearful sympathy that I felt sorry for myself just as if 
 another's misfortunes were told. " Here, you Caline, run back dar, 
 fotch dat bag from under de snake skin, quick." Caroline, to whom 
 all this was news, heard for the first time, returned in a moment both 
 with the bag and moistened eyes. Scip seized it, tremulously untied 
 the strings, and emptied five gold dollars into my hand, the entire 
 contents, saying: " Take dem all, Mars P. De Federate gubern- 
 ment owes me lots, more'n I spec dey'll ever pay. I don't put much 
 pendance in dem Yankees no how; dey ain't desame stripe as our 
 folks." Then turning to the cabman he cried, "Pat, drive up dem 
 old horse, I spects to find some of dem niggers dead when I gets 
 dar." 
 
 I thought so, too, when I learned he had given them all rattle- 
 snake oil the day before as a cure for chills and fever. 
 
 Even now, after more than twentv years' freedom, freer labor may 
 be obtained from the old time slave through flattery and attention 
 than by fair compensation according to contract. Former masters 
 who are still spared from the wrecks of war and time, and hidden 
 away from the world in obscure and humble retreats, unknown and 
 poverty-stricken, mere wrecks of past glory, both understand and use 
 this kindly weakness of the ancient darkey. Thus they procure many 
 little odd jobs done which their failing strength and past education 
 prevent them doing for themselves, such as chopping wood or fetch- 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. I9 
 
 ing water from the corner pump. It is done somewhat in this manner : 
 " Well, well ; I do declare! Is that you Uncle Ben? The sight of 
 you brings back old times. I'm glad to see you. You used to be 
 much of a man in your young days. How is it now ; strength failing 
 any?" " God bless you, no, Massa or Missis. I'se a better man 
 now den dese free niggers. Dey can't stand 'long side me now, if I 
 is gwine on eighty years." 
 
 THE "SUN" AGAIN. 
 
 Let us return to the steamer " Sun," where both passengers and 
 fun continued to increase by additions of planters and their families 
 boarding us at every landing. They were all eager to avail them- 
 selves of this new and comparatively expeditious mode of travel com- 
 pared with the past, to visit the metropolis of the State, dispose of 
 crops, renew stores and business relations, and enjoy the attractions 
 of city life from which they had been so long debarred. The French 
 colony of Marengo was well represented on board. Many of them 
 had left the settlement forever, and were about to revisit their native 
 land after so many years of hardships and deprivations in the wilder- 
 ness. And yet, withal, their joy was not unmingled with regret at 
 leaving behind many dear friends and sincere attachments. Both fun 
 and danger attended our trip down the rapid running current, now 
 swollen by heavy floods above. There was now scarcely sleeping 
 room aiaywhere. Mattresses were spread upon and under the tables 
 all along the undivided cabin floor from stem to stern. Narrow pas- 
 sage-ways between the rows of shake-downs hardly admitted circula- 
 tion without treadmg upon a sleeper or card party held under the 
 struggling tallow candle's misty light. Drinks called for b}' the 
 outside occupants were passed by hand and frequently consumed 
 on the passage, to the amusement of the consumer and disgust of the 
 orderer and amid the laughter of the crowd at his curses. Three- 
 fourths of the day were spent in renewing the tables for meals, the 
 last cover being set for the colored waiters and servants of the plan- 
 ters. This was the merriest meal of all. White babies sat and fed 
 in the laps of their nurses and joined the general noise and merriment. 
 The contrast between these merry little white faces and those of their 
 black nurses, resembled dogwood blossoms seen through dark woods 
 in spring time. Eating was not their only occupation, but a consid- 
 
20 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA, 
 
 erable amount of courting was thrown in by way of relish. You 
 could hear a colored lady now and then cry out in a voice above the 
 general roar: " Stop dat, T tells you !" 
 
 The deck hands below were equally gay with their masters 
 above. When not occupied they gathered to the front near the 
 jackstaff and sang negro melodies in sweet and musical cadence. 
 
 But it was not always sunshine with our little "Sun." Some- 
 times at a sharp bend she took a header on her pilot and went crashing 
 through the timber, amid the screams of the women and children. 
 Then, again, her wheel picked up a sobby log from the floating drift 
 and sent it through her wheel-house with the report of a fourth of 
 Julv cannon explosion. Once she struck a sawyer, which is a log 
 afloat at one end and buried in the mud at the other. This would 
 have ended her trip there and then, had it not fortvinately broken off 
 just outside the hull, leaving the hole it made plugged almost water 
 tight. After many days, delays and mishaps, the little "Sun" tied 
 up at the foot of Dauphin street and delivered her numerous passen- 
 gers and valuable cargo amidst the rejoicing of the entire people who 
 assembled on the pier to welcome our arrival. 
 
 OLD MOBILE. 
 
 Now I trod for the first time a soil teeming with the romance 
 and history of several centuries. The arena of desperate contests 
 between the mailed waiTiors of Europe and the natives of this New 
 World. Every square mch of ground had been sprinkled with blood, 
 the recital of which would fill a history. Three hundred Seminole 
 Indians had been driven by the Choctaws in desperate encounter 
 down St. Francis street into the river, and killed and drowned to the 
 last man. Human skulls perforated with btdlets, are found to this 
 day whenever large excavations take place. An old graveyard ex- 
 posed its human bones to modern eyesight but two years since while 
 digging in front of the Cathedral. The names of some of the 
 renowned warriors and desperate adventurers of South Alabama's 
 early history, still live in this community through their descendants, 
 one of whom, John Soto, inherits the destructive propensities of his 
 great ancestor, and sits as Coroner upon dead bodies without other 
 compensation than the love of it. 
 
 There is but little doubt that the present site of Mobile was 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 21 
 
 visited by the DeSoto expedition as early as A. D. 1539. On the 
 iSth day of October, 1540, the following year, DeSoto attacked and 
 destroyed the Mobile Indians at their tovv^n on the north bank of the 
 Alabama River, near Choctaw Bluff, seventy-five miles only above 
 Mobile. Maubila, the capital and fortified city of this tribe, was 
 built upon a wide level plain, and consisted of eighty structures or 
 barracks, capable of sheltering one thousand warriors and their fam- 
 ilies. These buildings enclosed a capacious square, and were in 
 turn surrounded by a high and solid wall composed of huge logs set 
 on end deep in the ground, and bound firmly together with grape 
 and bamboo vines, which were daubed over with mud, smoothed and 
 %vhitened, in good imitation of granite. 
 
 This wall was pierced at regular intervals with port holes, and 
 supported every fifty feet apart by tall towers of a capacity for eight 
 warriors each. Here the most. desperate fight of the expedition took 
 place. The brave Mobilians, led by their great chief, Tuscaloosa, 
 disdained at first the protection of their forts, and fought the mailed 
 Spaniards outside until near dark, when being driven in by superi- 
 ority of arms, continued the contest from house to house, and tower 
 to tower, with such tenacity and desperation, that the Spaniards were 
 forced to burn the town, much against their will, to end the combat. 
 One thousand dead warriors lay in the streets, but a remnant escaped 
 the sword and flames to settle later a town below the junction of the 
 Alabama and Bigbee Rivers at Fort vStoddard. This proved a dear 
 victory to DeSoto — he lost one hundred men and many oflncers, 
 among whom was his brother. Forty horses were slain and all the 
 camp equipage, including hospital stores, was consumed with the 
 town, leaving the Spaniards in a pitiable condition. Their Surgeons 
 were compelled to try out the fafof the dead Indians for unguents to 
 dress wounds. 
 
 •In A D. i/ii, one hundred and seventy years after this bloody 
 battle, the French under Bienville settled here and called the town 
 Mobile, after the remnant of the tribe then living at Fort Stoddard, 
 about thirty-five nnles higher up the river. The word Mobile signi- 
 fies moveable, and is appropriate both to the tribe of Indians and the 
 city of Mobile, for both moved their town three times before a final 
 settlement. 
 
 Mobile was first located at Dauphin or jNIassacre Island, as it 
 
22 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 was called. Then at the mouth of Dog River, and finally at its 
 present place. The Mobile Indians were found first living in great 
 style and advanced civilization, about twenty-five miles above Mont- 
 gomery on the Alabama River. Being routed in battle and their 
 town destroyed, they followed the course of the river down to 
 Choctaw Bluff, and there built the second town. Then again, still 
 descending the river after the great battle of Mobile, they finally 
 settled at Fort Stoddard, from whence they made frequent excursions 
 to the oyster reefs at Cedar Point. They evidently camped and 
 ranged all over the country adjacent to the rivers and bay, which 
 probably is the origin of the numerous shell banks of small size 
 found all along our water-courses. 
 
 DAUPHIN ISLAND. 
 
 Mobile now promises again to return to Dauphin Island by 
 extension. A railroad thirty miles long, over a perfectly flat country, 
 twice surveyed and partly graded, will reach a seaport on the Island 
 deep enough for the largest ship that floats. With Pelican Island to 
 the southeast as a natural breakwater, and a short sea wall to the 
 south, which could be erected at far less cost than man}^ of the great 
 works now complete all over the country, the Great Eastern could 
 be loaded from a hoisting machine erected on the beach, and burrow 
 her nose in ihe sand. Here the exhaustless and priceless minerals, 
 precious woods and vast agricultural products of Alabama, would 
 spread a feast for the shipping of the whole world at such rates as to 
 defy competition. We would become the coaling station of all 
 steamers trading southward along the eastern shores of the great 
 American continent ; and froin the West India Islands to Terra del 
 Fuego. New Orleans, with her hundred miles of towage, and Pen- 
 sacola with her shallow bar and out of the way station, would cease 
 forever to compete. This island then becomes at once the greatest 
 watering place and health resort in the whole South. The climate is 
 mild and genial at all seasons ; neither elevated by intense heat nor 
 depressed by cold waves and northers. It is at the same time the 
 best fish and oyster market of the world. 
 
 THE MOBILE OYSTER. 
 
 Near anil around Dauphin Island uncountable numbers of natu- 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 23 
 
 ral oyster reefs cluster, and thousands of acres of plant fields stretch — 
 shellfish ground — westward along the main shores of the Sound all 
 the way to Mississippi line. I 
 
 Let us examine the geographical advantages of oyster land — a 
 fairy land of clear sky, blue water and orange-wooded islands, which 
 lie isolated and beyond serious competition for vast distances all 
 around. Fifteen hundred miles of sandy beaches, barren, of com- 
 mercial oyster fields stretch along the Atlantic States from here to the 
 waters of Potomac, Chesapeake and Long Island on the northeast, while 
 towards the southwest untold leagues of wave-ridden coast glisten 
 under torrid sunshine to Terra del Fuego, unblest of the glorious 
 bivalve, in such quantities or localities as to come into competition 
 with our Mobile trade. 
 
 Thus on middle ground in the southern centre of the States our 
 exhaustless oyster mines repose, alone, isolated and unrivalled in 
 quality or quantity, and by the natural laws of trade are destined and 
 compelled to supply the immense territory stretching north, north- 
 west, west and southwest of a line drawn due north from the Gulf of 
 Mexico to Herald Island of the Arctic regions, that is, all the country 
 between here and there, San Francisco and the end of the South 
 American continent. A grand future, a great destiny for the Mobile 
 oyster! It is safe to tax every man, woman and child now living 
 and to live within this immense space — with consuming ten dollars 
 worth of oysters per annum if he can get them, and it is much easier 
 for us to furnish them to him fresher and better, than Baltimore, and, 
 abov^e all, fifty per cent, cheaper. It is much easier for us to give 
 them all our water produce, than for California to flood our cities 
 with her luscious grapes and golden fruit in perfect condition and at 
 remunerative prices. Why not? 
 
 SEEING SIGHTS A. D. 1S35. 
 
 Upon leaving the festive " Sun " we lodged at a tavern which 
 then occupied the present site of Mobile's magnificent hotel, the 
 Battle House. This was fifty years ago, in the interval several hotels 
 were erected upon the same spot in lieu of those burned, all keeping 
 pace with the advancing requirements of the times up to the 
 present immense structure, which so far surpasses them all as to stand 
 compeer and equal to the best hostelries of New York city. 
 
24 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 The next day, after arrival and a good night's sleep — the first we 
 had enjoyed for ten days — I was permitted to see the sights of Mobile, 
 escorted and guarded by my faithful and loving black mammy, Aunt 
 Debby. All Southern children and slave owners called older colored 
 females aunty, and the men uncle. Debby was charged to keep a 
 sharp eye and return me safe back to mother, who let us go with 
 many misgivings of the lui-king dangers awaiting her green country 
 boy through the mazes of the city. Almost at the start a candy 
 shop — near the corner of Royal and Dauphin — arrested us*and took 
 in all our pocket money in exchange for a miscellaneous assortment 
 of stomachaches and painter's colics concealed in sticks of candy 
 streaked and painted a la barber pole. With all pockets crammed, 
 and Aunt Debby's apron bellying out like a balloon sail in a squall, 
 we camped a square or so farther south under the shade of a huge 
 China tree, then standing on the northeast corner of Church and St. 
 Emanuel, which a few days after was the scene of a terrible murder 
 committed upon an inoffensive pedler who lay there forrest. He was 
 cut in twenty different places, literally hacked to pieces and his pack 
 robbed. After overhauling and lightening our packages we pro- 
 ceeded northward, about three squares, when our way was barred by 
 the canvas walls of a circus tent standing on the vacant space, now 
 railed around with an iron fence and called Bienville Square, after 
 the founder of Mobile. A group of young gamins sported outside of 
 the entrance, performing a circus of their own, and trying to get a 
 peep inside whenever the curtain opened for mgress or egress. It 
 required but a glance of these keen-eyed young sports to see that 
 greeny had come to town. They baited a trap and caught me 
 speedily. One of them kindly called my attention to a tare in the 
 walls of the tent, saying: " Little boy, if you poke your finger through 
 that hole and hold it open, you will see sights." Neither my confi- 
 fidence in human or woman's nature had been betrayed up to that 
 time. Without pausing to consider why this sweet-scented little 
 shrub was not a^'ailing himself of this chance to see sights, I imme- 
 diately inserted my finger as directed. Instead of seeing sights, I 
 saw stars. My finger was instantly seized on the inside with the 
 pinch of a king crab, while the clown, painted, patched and seen by 
 ,me for the first time, rushed put of the tent and flourished a cowhide 
 pver my back. But Debby was there, faithful to her trust. Like a 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 25 
 
 tigress she assailed him with teeth and nails so vigorously, that he 
 was contented to sulk within his tent without a blow struck. Debby 
 then extricated my finger, and charged — holding my hand — through 
 the ragamuffin crowd of boys, scattering them, with blows, right and 
 left. When we arrived at the hotel, blown and exhausted, from the 
 struggle, and told the tale to mother, she threw her arms up and said, 
 she " felt it in her bones." 
 
 A MOBILE THEATRE. 
 
 That night, I witnessed for the first time, a \^ay at the Mobile 
 Theatre, then located on the west side of St. Emanuel street, between 
 Dauphin and Conti, occupied now as a stable. The scenes still 
 remains, al fresco, upon memory's fading page. Never since have I 
 enjoyed any play to the same extent. 
 
 A boss, armed with a huge bran-stuffed bludgeon, pi'esided over 
 a wash-room filled with men and women, washing piles .of dirty 
 linen in separate tubs placed upon three-legged benches. Whenever 
 the master turned his back, which he often did — as it was in the bill — - 
 the washermen doubled upon the washerwomen, hugging, kissing and 
 fumbling for true, just as if they enjoyed it. None of your modern 
 sneak stage kisses, but real old-fashioned smacks as loud as bursting 
 bladders. At this time, of course, the boss turned, caught them in 
 the act, and beat the men back to their tubs with tremendous whacks 
 across their backs. This was the entire plot, nothing more, and was 
 repeated over and over, until it ceased to draw immense bursts of 
 laughter. 
 
 Next, by way of farce and closing scene, Mr. Mervnnan sang the 
 then new comic song of the Cork Leg, with contortions and screw 
 accompaniments. All the " Sun's" passengers were there. Never 
 since have I seen such fun nur heard such uproarous laughter. It was 
 new to all of them, at least for many years. They all came from the 
 wilderness prepared to enjoy even a " reed shaken by the wind,'' and 
 took it in for all and more than it was worth. That night a grand 
 oyster supper awaited us at the hotel — this was another great treat. 
 We had been deprived of the delicious bivalve in the colony because 
 they could not stand the slow transportation of the barges, the only 
 craft that up to that time polled their weary way backwards to the 
 settlement. All the principal citizens of Mobile, including municipal 
 
26 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 officers, attended that supper. The oysters were floated down in 
 genuine champagne imported direct from the Veuve Cliquot estate 
 of France. B. Franklin Meslier and John Hurtel, two well known 
 French gentlemen and prominent citizens of Mobile, presided, one 
 at each end of the table. Mr. Meslier had served under Napoleon, 
 and was an unconditional admirer of his great leader. When his turn 
 came for a toast, as it did to all present, he arose, filled, both with 
 enthusiasm and Veuve Cliquot, gave for toast, " The Grand Napo- 
 lean ; the greatest man who ever lived." This was received with 
 the wildest delight, and drank standing by the Frenchmen present, 
 many of whom had served under the Empire. Now the English 
 Consul was called. He arose and steadied himself with difficulty, 
 and with great dignity — looking severely at the Frenchmen — gave : 
 " The Duke of Wellington ; a greater man than Napoleon." The 
 effect of these words were magical. A tornado had passed over that 
 table and swept away every smile and glimmer of good feeling in an 
 instant. Faces hitherto all radiant with love and enthusiasm, now 
 flushed with rage. Mr. Meslier, no longer able to control his passion, 
 commenced mounting on top the table and crawling towards the 
 Britisher; doubling his fists as he went, he cried: "Ah, Gredin! 
 You damn John Bull ; you say Villaintone was so greater man as 
 Napoleon — ah, you must swallow him, dose words, or Sacre-re-re-re — " 
 rolling his r's with terrible, energy, they would have clinched soon 
 in a personal contest had not Mr. Meslier been drawn back to his 
 place by main force, and peace restored by the interference of the 
 Americans present. The Frenchmen, with their usual generosity, 
 seeing the English Consul was under vino Veritas, and unsupported 
 in his sentiments by any of the guests present, forgave his imperti- 
 nance and passed it over by a return to former conviviality. Our 
 fathers painted Mobile red that night A. D. 1835. A procession was 
 formed, headed by a band of music, which halted at every house, 
 until Frenchman, Spanish man, Creole man, nigger man, and Indian 
 man became so mixed up with the widow Cliquot, they could no 
 longer distinguish one man from any other man or woman either. 
 
 SPRING HILL. 
 
 About this time, A. D. 1835, we established our persons and 
 penates in a comfortable country house at Spring Hill, and became 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 27 
 
 members of that charming colony. This village lies six miles west of 
 Mobile, and crowns a plateau several hundred feet high. Many 
 handsome dwellings and well cultivated grounds redolent of flowers 
 and variegated greeneries peep through the oaks and tall pines which 
 spread their green glistening foliage high above the city, which, when 
 seen on a clear day, though a long distance off, seems to repose and 
 nestle at the foot of the hill. 
 
 Called Spring Hill, from welling fountains that gush from its 
 base as though pressed out by the superincumbent weight above, it 
 supplies Mobile with the pure water for which it is most renowned of 
 all Southern cities, and which undoubtedly is one of the causes of the 
 remarkable longevity of her people, many of whom are over seventy 
 years of age, and still actively engaged in consuming and earning their 
 daily rations. Spring Hill then, as it is now, was called the habitat 
 of Hygiene and a foe to Malaria. Based upon this reputation, so 
 long and well sustained, a large building devoted to educational pur- 
 poses was erected by the Roman Catholic Church, called Spring Hill 
 College. This institution soon filled with students from both the adja- 
 cent States and the West India Islands to more than its capacity, which 
 necessitated an additional annex. For the same reason — health — the 
 vacations were reversed, being held in winter instead of summer, that 
 a refuge from sickness as well as a school for education might be 
 combined: 
 
 This college is still in successful operation, having realized all 
 that was expected after an experience of many years. The manage- 
 ment and faculty of Spring Hill College are considered among the 
 higher order, and fully competent for their task. I speak of this old 
 time institution with pleasure, because it was the home of my 
 boyhood's first training, A. D. 1836, and but few of us are spared to 
 recall those early days when we broke each other's legs over shinney 
 and cheval fondue. The .Spring Hillers were either merchants doing 
 business in the city or non-resident planters, who left their planta- 
 tions to the care of overseers, and sought the comforts and social 
 advantages afforded by this attractive locality. I will now allude 
 briefly and personally to some of the residents and their visitors. 
 
 MICHAEL PORTIER, MONSIGNOR, 
 
 Or Monseigneur, as the Creoles loved to call him. was both founder 
 
28 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 and President of Spring Hill College and Bishop ot this Diocese. 
 His duties were divided between Mobile and the College. Hence, 
 he spent part of his time at each place. He was a welcome guest at 
 every home and table on the Hill, and his visits gave both cause and 
 reward for the hospitality that followed his coming. Monseigneur 
 was a Christian gentleman of liberal views and unbounded charity 
 for the failures and faults of his fellow creatures. A native of the 
 vine-clad hills of France, he was a competent and appreciative judge 
 of their purple extract — which he used but never abused. His taste 
 M^as sought upon the tap of every new importation, which, when 
 given, fixed the quality and the status of the wine with the commu- 
 nity. Short of statue, rotund of figure, with massive head, full, 
 round, benevolent face, and eyes twinkling with good humor, he 
 never failed to attract attention and to interest all who came within 
 the radius of his genial presence. When the Bishop visited the 
 college — and we boys bfecame aware of his presence, which he 
 endeavored to conceal by slipping in through the rear entrance— 
 we immediately collected under his window and raised pandemonium, 
 by shouting in concert Deo Gratias, Deo Gratias, which in 
 free translation meant, "Give us a chance to praise the Lord for a 
 recess." Overcome by the fearful din of several hundred voices, he 
 would step out upon the front gallery and wave his hand for a truce, 
 then say in French: "Ainsi soit it" — so let it be. X^iis was fol- 
 lowed by a scamper all over the campus, and resumption of the 
 numerous games with which boys amuse themselves. Every one 
 knew when the Bishop was about by his laugh, so loud and mirthful 
 that, like an epidemic, it seized upon all who heard. With all this 
 good nature and love of mankind, the Bishop was a dangerous person 
 to force impertinent liberties upon. He would and did strike from 
 the shoulder on several occasions when forbearance ceased to be a 
 virtue, with a force that caused his opponent to be aware forever after. 
 
 .THE CATHEDRAL, 
 
 Which rears its lofty walls high above most of the public buildings of 
 Mobile, now nearly completed, was planned and commenced by 
 Bishop Portier with no other means than his personal popularity. 
 Catholics and Protestants alike, regardless of sect, opened their 
 pocket-books to the pressing solicitations of Monseigneur whenever 
 
, SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 29 
 
 he made requisitions for that purpose. His remains repose on one 
 side of the beautiful alter raised and dedicated by his labors to the 
 worship of his Creator, while betvveen the entrance ways outside in 
 front, rest the ashes of his successor, Bishop Quinlan, who also 
 devoted many of his days to completing a temple which is both a .tomb 
 and a monument of the deeds done in the name of their Lord. Here, 
 
 Free by p;iiu's surcease, 
 Botli repose in peace. 
 
 The following letter, copied from Col. Joseph E. Murrell's valua- 
 ble scrap-book, was written A. D. 1839, ^^ Bishop Portier by 
 Burvvell Boykin, of the firm of McRae and Boykin, and under the 
 
 name of "Protestant." 
 
 * 
 
 It was called forth by the admiration of the entire community, 
 and the writer particularly, for the Bishop's noble care of the sick 
 and afflicted during a terrible yellow fever epidemic, wherein he had 
 exposed both his person and his purse regardless of consequences : 
 
 "Mobile, 
 
 '' Reverend Bishop Portier : 
 
 " The good man, no matter in what clime he lives, and what 
 church he worships, or to what creed he belongs, is one of the noblest 
 specimens of God's handiwork. You, Reverend sir, have been 
 living among us long, performing in an enlarged and Christian spirit 
 the high sacred functions of the head of a great Church. With no 
 proscriptive bigotry at the bottom of your religious faith, you have 
 recognized toleration in those who conscientiously dissented from you 
 in their convictions, and hence one of the causes of the high estimate in 
 which you are held by all Protestants. The holy robes that encom- 
 pass you as a man, cover you as a true Catholic, are without ' blot or 
 blemish.' When this is the case, the individual character of the man 
 becomes a component element of his church, and the harmonious 
 blending of the two inspires confidence and advances the cause of 
 piety. Purity of character, sincerity of purpose and devotional 
 earnestness, irrespective of any particular sect, will, among the liberal- 
 minded of all sects, command respect and challenge confidence. 
 When a good man is seen in the midst of pestilence exerting himself 
 to relieve the necessitous, and, forgetful of his own safety, periling his 
 life in order that he may save the lives of others, he makes a lodgment 
 
30 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 for himself in the affections of the people among whom he lives. 
 When he is seen gathering under the wing of his protection the des- 
 titute, and administering to their wants and comforts, we witness the 
 fruits of his labor and the sincerity of his sacred vocation. When 
 the helpless widow and the unprotected orphan look to him as their 
 benefactor, and call him father and are taken to his bosom as their 
 adopted father, then we see the beauties of a Christian life illustrated 
 in a form not to be mistaken. When we see a church or the head of 
 a church ardently engaged in good works, its own acts are its best 
 commentaries and ablest defenders. You, Reverend sir, have ^one 
 much toward the relief of suffering humanity, and deserve well of 
 this community. You have, by your talent, energy and persever- 
 ance, erected in the heart of our city a temple dedicated to the livfng 
 God. As long as it survives the shock of time, it will be a monu- 
 ment to your memory, and when it slumbers among the things that 
 were, history or tradition will point to you as its founder. As an 
 ornament to our city, it is the admiration of and praise of our people. 
 " The writer of this is a Protestant in principle and by educa- 
 tion, but he can see, or thinks he sees, other avenues to the throne of 
 our Heavenly Father, besides the one he has been taught to enter. 
 Hope, Faith and Charity are the pillars of the temple in which he 
 worships, and around that altar there is but one God and one duty. 
 
 "A Protestant." 
 
 ' McCLOSKY AND HAG AN. 
 
 Mr. McClosky settled in Mobile as early as A. D. i8i5, and 
 soon after became associated in business with John Hagan, forming 
 the widely known firm of McClosky and Hagan, cotton buyers and 
 importers of fine wines, etc. Messrs. McClosky and John Hagan 
 were both noted for a high order of business capacity and enlarged 
 generosity. 
 
 Both were bon-vivants, and so often participated in Spring Hill 
 hospitality that I am induced to mention them as part of that famous 
 colony. This house did the largest business in Mobile in buying 
 cotton, shipping and importing. John Hagan was uncle to Gen. 
 James Hagan, now living in Mobile, the survivor of two great wars — 
 the Mexican and the late civil war. Distinguished in both for gal- 
 lantry of the highest order, he won his spurs as Brigadier General 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 3 1 
 
 in the latter. Long may he live to wear them, and be rewarded ere 
 long by a grateful people. 
 
 GEORGE S. GAINES. 
 
 Busy memory now recalling fifty years of the past, remembers 
 no better man than George S. Gaines. He was our neighbor and 
 friend, and also the friend of all the world. The latch of his door did 
 not open from the outside, because there was no latch there. It 
 stood open all the time to both friends and strangers. 
 
 George was a younger brother of General Edmund P. Gaines, 
 who, distinguished for gallantry in the Indian wars, late in life mar- 
 ried Miss Myra Clarke, heiress to the greatest estate and lawsuit of 
 tfie country. This suit, after many decisions and reversals, still goes 
 on in spite of both claimants being dead. 
 
 George, when quite a young man, was appointed Indian Agent 
 for all the peaceful tribes of Alabama, and was so loved, reverenced 
 and respected by them that they never undertook the commonest 
 transaction of every day life without first securing his advice, which 
 was always disinterested and reliable. If he had enemies they knew 
 it not, his friends surmising the fact from his retinence and silence at the 
 mention of their names. He never refused a favor. His name went 
 upon other people's notes so often — notes in which he had no personal 
 interest — that his friends refused to discount them, although perfectly 
 merchantable, to protect him from self-ruin. No man, high or low, 
 was refused a place at his table, or the shelter of his roof. His house 
 and time were considered public property^ and his good nature fre- 
 quently imposed upon. Mr. Gaines' memory was a storehouse of 
 • early reminiscences, which he knew how to tell with great interest to 
 his listeners. I will repeat his account of a first interview with 
 
 AARON BURR. 
 
 Lieutenant E. P. Gaines, afterwards General Gaines, was at this 
 ' time in command of Fort Stoddard, on the Mobile River, about thirty 
 
 miles above the city. George, then quite a youth, was clerk in the 
 
 sutler's department, and roomed in the officer's quarters of the fort. 
 
 One night, being seized with violent colic, he groaned aloud, when a 
 ' door shutting off an adjoining room opened, and a man of large 
 
 statue, ample head, and benevolent countenance entered, approached 
 
32 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 his bed, and gently taking his hand, enquired of his suffering. Being 
 told, he returned to his trunk in the next room and brought a vial of 
 laudanum, a few drops of which soon relieved the pain. The stranger 
 then spoke, saying: "I am Aaron Burr and a prisoner here, captured 
 yesterday while going to Mobile. As soon as I can have a hearings 
 the infamous charges trumped up against me will fail. In the mean- 
 time, while compelled to remain within these walls, let us try to 
 make our time pass as pleasantly as possible." Mr. Gaines said he 
 was delighted with his affable manners, and cultivated his society 
 until taken away. 
 
 In 1S34, while Mr. Gaines was Indian Agent at Demopolis — (the 
 metropolis of the French colony of Marengo) — a Frenchman by the 
 name of Genin, had succeeded in raising some very fine pears, the 
 first grown in the settlement. He was very proud of them, and 
 exhibited them to everybody, and guarded them with the greatest 
 care, even sitting up at night to protect them from marauders. 
 
 One night he saw a drunken Indian by the name of Bobshilla 
 o-etting over his enclosure. He emptied his gun into the Indian while 
 astride of the fence, and saw him fall on the outside into the street,, 
 then retired without going to see the effect of his shot. The next 
 morning Bobshilla was found dead in the streets partially eaten up 
 by hogs. The Indians immediately declared a vendetta, applying 
 the Mosaic law of eye for eye, and tooth for tooth. As Mr. Genin 
 had escaped in a pirogue down the river, and was no longer there to 
 pay the death penalty in person, they determined to apply the statute 
 to the entire white settlement. This was agreed upon in secret 
 council, and was to be executed a few nights later. But their rever- 
 ence for the white father, Mr. Gaines, induced them to spare his life. 
 One day, while Pushmataha, the Chief of the tribe — a greedy, 
 drunken, good-natured Indian — was dining with Mr. Gaines, and 
 being at the time considerably under the influence of fire water, im* 
 parted the information with many charges of secrecy. This was more 
 than Mr. Gaines could stand. He immediately sought out Basil 
 Meslier, a French colonist, also held in high esteem by the Indians, 
 and they decided to call the Chiefs in council and remonstrate with 
 them. This was done, and through the confidence and love of the 
 tribes for these two men, the colony was spared from massacre and 
 destruction. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 33 
 
 But while the negotiations were pending between George S. 
 Gaines, Basil F. Meslier and Pushmataha and his council, the news 
 leaked out among the colony and created the greatest consternation. 
 Many locked themselves indoors and prepared for resistance. No 
 one was seen on the streets until the favorable result of the conference 
 was known. 
 
 Two charming daughters survive Mr. Gaines, Mrs. Bullock, a 
 widow and grandmother, and Miss Mary Gaines, still single through 
 choice, and now living at the family homestead near State Line. 
 Both these ladies are loved by all who know them, including the 
 writer. 
 
 MONSIEUR ADOLPH BATRE, 
 
 A French gentleman of cultivated tastes — still represented by de- 
 scendants of the same ilk — was a member of the Spring Hill colony, 
 noted for social qualities and epicurean entertainments. Both his 
 wines and viands elicited the admiration and envy of their numei'ous 
 consumers. I remember an occasion of a family birthday a huge 
 pate de foie gras made to order in France arrived, and all the Hillites 
 were invited to discuss its glories. The pate, a perfect monster, 
 weighed at least fifteen pounds, and covered the centre of the table. 
 Being decorated with fleur-de-lis and encircled by the whitest of 
 damask napkins, it was at once the focus of all eyes, the piece de 
 resistance, and the honored stranger whose arrival we had met to 
 celebrate. 
 
 After various courses and services, commencing with six oysters 
 on the half shell with a piece of lemon, followed by soup and several 
 varieties of fish, each course being driven down by its own peculiar 
 wine — came the pate de foie gras. This was Mr. Batre's opportu- 
 nity, being a good talker, he loved to dwell minutely and long over 
 good things, of which there was no better judge in the land. He 
 arose, knife and spoon in hand, and commenced such an appetizing 
 and unctious description of the pate as aroused the hunger of his 
 guests beyond control. They could no longer wait, and cut his 
 speech short by crying out: "Allons, Adolph, finissez done nous 
 mourrons de faim" — Stop! Adolph, or we die of hunger. To 
 which Bishop Portier added: "Spare us now, Cher Adolph, and I'll 
 
34 
 
 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 call for the balance when I am asleep." Mr. Batre good naturedljr 
 took the hint, and gave us the best dinner I ever ate. 
 
 COL. JAMES S. DEAS. 
 
 Was another most agreeable neighbor and cultivated gentleman of 
 the old South Carolina Engfish stock, w^ho, with his charming wife, 
 lived to raise a numerous family of sons and daughters, as successful, 
 respected and honored as themselves. Mr. Deas, when complimented 
 upon the vigor of his constitution and the number of his years, vs^as 
 wont to say, jestingly, that the disastrous results of the war to his 
 property compelled him to move about so lively from place to 
 place, and so often, that the Lord did not know where to put his 
 finger on him, hence his longevity. 
 
 MONSIEUR DeVENDEL, 
 
 A French gentleman of culture and, good descent, with a large and 
 accomplished family, contributed no small quota to the charms of 
 Spring Hill society. I remember my first visit to M. DeVendel. I 
 was sent by my family to enquire of his health. Being directed to 
 his room to deliver my message, I found him suffering great agony 
 from an attack of gout in the foot. 
 
 ,He was a tall, refined looking old grey-haired gentleman of very 
 marked and expressive features, which, naturally pleasant, at this 
 time expressed great pain. At each turn of gout's screw he uttered 
 a tonnerer-r-re, rolling and accentuating the r's until I trembled for 
 my safety, which seeing, he controlled himself and spoke pleasantly 
 and reassuringly. I know now, from experience, how he suffered. 
 I have been there since. 
 
 Several agreeable daughters survive their father, one of whom, 
 Madame Adelaide deV. Chaudron, is well and favorably known in 
 the literary world — being both a successful writer and translator. 
 
 FREDERIC P. RAVESIES 
 
 Was one of the earliest settlers of the Marengo-county Colony, and 
 President of the association for the culture of the olive and vine. 
 His report to the Interior Department at Washington of the progress, 
 difficulties and failures of the company, are exceedingly able and 
 interesting. Mr. Ravesies founded and named the village of Areola, 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 35 
 
 on the Warrior River, after Napoleon's famous battle of that name. 
 He remained after nearly all the French refugees returned home, and 
 was the most successful planter of the colony. In the year A. D. 
 1835, he moved to Spring Hill, and was elected President of the 
 Cedar Point Railroad, which promises now to be completed many 
 years after his death. Air. Ravesies held several other positions of 
 honor and trust which were always .thrust upon him against his will. 
 He leaves behind him a name for his descendants to be proud of. 
 
 ARCHIBALD BROWN, 
 
 A prominent member of the Spring Hill settlement, was one of our 
 most successful and respected citizens. His house was a centre of 
 unbounded hospitality, and contributed greatly to the enjoyment of 
 Spring Hill circle. Several sons, two of whom were college mates 
 at Sprihg Hill, now live in Mobile, well known and respected as was 
 their father before them. 
 
 Many of our oldest and best people lived at Spring Hill at this 
 time, whose names are as familiar to the present generation as house- 
 hold words — such as: The Spans, Mrs. Edward George, Mrs. 
 Achille George, the Chaudrons, Cluis, George Tuthill, Albert 
 Stein, and later, the Dawsons, Roger Stewart, Robert Purvis, Hilton, 
 Chas. A. Marston, Jos. McMillan, Madame and Jules Eslava, and 
 others whose names escape memor3^ 
 
 Perhaps, now because I have changed, and grown somewhat 
 weary under the weight of accumulated years, is the reason I seem to 
 think the people of this generation lack the gayety and ring of social 
 enjoyment which characterized Mobilians in ante bellum times. If 
 so it be that this change alone rests within — then I beg pardon for 
 the insinuation, but I cannot help going fondly back through dream- 
 land to those merry, genial faces, and open hospitable boards of 
 fifty years ago, and up to the war even, when guests came so 
 warmly welcomed and went so genuinely regretted, that I still, 
 through the imagination, rock myself to sleep in the swinging ham- 
 mocks of those dolce far niente days once more, and am at rest for 
 the moment. ^ 
 
 The older I grow the more firmly am I convinced that those 
 nations which, like restless individuals, turn things over by revolu- 
 tion, in the vain hope of obtaining a universal democracy, succeed 
 
36 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 only in reaching universal chaos. The worst revolution is evolution, 
 because it evolves only disbelief and despair. 
 
 A MOBILE VENDETTA. 
 
 About this time a bitter feud arose between Gen. B. and Col. H., 
 two prominent and respectable citizens, who loved anybody except 
 each other. Both were in the prime of life, and fine specimens of 
 manhood. They hated and fought with a cordiality and intensity 
 that promised to involve half the city in civil strife. Whenever Col. 
 H. was seen coming down the street everybody looked up for Gen. 
 B., and immediately closed doors to avoid stray bullets if he was in 
 sight. Both commenced drawing their derringers as they approached, 
 and fired at range, then rushing upon each other, used knives or fists, 
 just as they happened to be heeled, and never parted until torn asun- 
 der by bystanders, wounded and bleeding or exhaused by physical 
 over-exertion. I was an unwilling witness of one of these rencontres, 
 which I will endeavor to describe. While undressing upon the bulk- 
 head at the foot of Conti street with several gamins of my own age, 
 previous to a plunge in the river, Col. H. pulled up in a boat from a 
 fishing excursion and made fast to our wharf. As he started up 
 Conti street Gen. B. stepped out of an oyster shed at hand, where he 
 had been enjoying a dozen or so raw. They met face to face, as sud- 
 den as unexpected. Their faces naturally amiable and then smiling, 
 changed as only hate can change. Simultaneously, as with one 
 motion, they felt for their shooters. As they did so we boys, know- 
 ing what was coming, went over cachuck into the river, like frogs 
 disturbed leaping from the banks of a pond. As we could not remain 
 under water forever, and curiosity mastering fear, we crawled up and 
 took in the fearful struggle for life or death going on between these 
 two men. They had emptied their pistols and were down on the 
 wharf, rolling over and over, nearly stripped of clothing, striking 
 their bloody knives at and into each other, hitting and missing as 
 chance afforded. Their blood, heated by the strife, spirted in jets 
 from each successful plunge of the knife, until weakened and fainting 
 they lay locked in each other's arms motionless and peaceful, like 
 two brothers sleeping in love and good will. Thus they remained 
 until some deck hands passing, parted and carried them up town to 
 have their wounds dressed. Though fearfully injured, after several 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 37 
 
 months they were out again and ready for the next bout, when Gen. 
 B. was unexpectedly called to take possession of a large plantation 
 bequeathed to him in Texas, and moved there with his family. Col. 
 H., being absent from town at the time of the General's departure, 
 received from him the following P. P. C. : 
 
 ^'My Dear Colonel : 
 
 "Please accept my sincere regrets for being compelled to go with- 
 out a parting grip of the hand. 
 
 "Some future day, I sincerely trust, will renew our delightfully 
 tete-a-tetes. Yours, in life as in death, J. B." 
 
 A few months after Gen. B.'s departure, Cof. H. grew listless 
 and despondent. Upon being questioned as to the cause, he replied: 
 " I don't know what is the matter, but I take no interest in life since 
 B. left. I feel like breaking up here and settling down in his neigh- 
 borhood." 
 
 FLUSH DAYS OF MOBILE. 
 
 Up to the war Mobile had but one staple — cotton, which was the 
 "end all and be all " of her traffic ; but that was enough, more than 
 enough to supply all wants and realize many luxuries for her people, 
 who were as gay and festive a set as could be found between sunrise 
 and sunset. With a population of twenty-five thousand, and one-half 
 floating, she classed third in export of the great cities of the Union. 
 Everything Mobile consumed was imported. With coal, iron and 
 marble bursting through the cracks of the laboring hills at her thres- 
 hold, she went across the vexed Atlantic, three thousand miles, to 
 Newcastle and Liverpool, for her bituminous fires at fifteen dollars 
 per ton ; to Manchester and Birmingham for rolling stock and rails ; 
 and to Italy for the marble tablets which recorded the deeds of her 
 dead. Even her cotton buyers were imported from England, France 
 and Germany. (No wonder she was in favor of free trade, for these 
 foreigners were a gallant set of men.) They came like birds of pas- 
 sage with the earliest frost and fed fat upon wild celery and other 
 spice berries in the season of their maturity, not greedily and vora- 
 ciously, as some of the half-bred official cormorants of these days, 
 but always willing to leave some pickings behind for the native stay- 
 at-home, like courteous gentlemen as they were. At the end of the 
 
38 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 season, as the great white staple wasted away to the eastward before 
 favoring blasts and in American bottoms, they, too, shook their 
 wings for a flight across the great waters and departed as the sun's 
 rays became vertical, regretted by their friends and longed for by 
 their employees. Our permanent population were parasites to these 
 princely cotton buyers, and vegetated during their absence at the ad- 
 jacent watering places, consoling themselves with French Cognac, 
 Dexter Whiskey, Havana Cigars and Draw Poker, using due bills in 
 settlement of accounts, payable when the cotton season opened. 
 Hotel and other accounts were payable upon similar terms. At the 
 earliest appearance of welcome frost in the fall, Mobile woke up to 
 life and shook off the dreamy summer hours. Her tall press chim- 
 neys poured out dense volumes of black smoke. The life of com- 
 pressed steam expired with short periodical groans. The noisy drays, 
 laden with cotton bales, and empty, rattled between ship and press. 
 The gay and gallant brokers, decked in one-hundred-dollar suits, 
 covered with adhesive cotton, emblematic of their pursuit, rushed 
 from class-room to class-room and from bar-room to bar-room, trans- 
 acting business with equal rapidity at both places, as often receiving 
 an order for hundreds of dollars of commissions at one as at the 
 other. Thus the winter business rattled away like sleigh bells on a 
 frosty morning. Work was a courtesy and a pleasure. The night 
 brought balls, theatres and supper parties ; the days, buying, weigh- 
 ing and sampling, both cotton and liquors. Hence no class was in- 
 terested in developing the numerous and vast resources strewn around 
 everywhere by Nature's bounteous hand. Cotton yielded employ- 
 ment to everybody, supplied all wants with four months' work out of 
 twelve, and provided amply for those eight months of idleness. What 
 the spendthrift could not make he could borrow, and everybody took 
 in the stranger free of charge. Is it a wonder[then, that Mobile, like 
 a slothful mother, slept late in the morning and failed to wake up her 
 giant progeny — Coal, Iron and Marble — to the great future locked 
 up in their dormant faculties, at least for wealth, if not always for 
 happiness? All this time nothing was done for Hygiene ; the laws of 
 health were not thought of ; quarantines against epidemics were 
 almost unknown, and the appropriations so meagre as to express con- 
 tempt and disbelief in their efliciency ; nor were they deemed neces- 
 sary. With the summer solstice and the melting away of cotton east- 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 39 
 
 ward bound, the merchants departed for home, the well-to-do natives 
 retired a few miles out of town to suburban homes or adjacent water- 
 ing places, while the negro and creole population, who remained, 
 were considered comparatively acclimated. But now, as the French 
 say after one of their Parisian barricades, ^' Nous avons change tout 
 cela." The war changed all this thing, and new Mobile is awake in 
 the modern commercial sense of the word — her limbs are clad in steel 
 for the great work before her. During and since the war, by twenty 
 effective years' quarantine against her only enemy — yellow fever — 
 she has proved him to be an alien and not a native, and that he can 
 be barred out like an old-fashioned schoolmaster when a holiday was 
 wanted by his pupils. Her people have become residents and owners 
 of their penates. New buildings in great numbers are rising up on 
 her waste lots, and though she possesses neither Jay Goulds nor Van- 
 derbilts among her people, beggars are unknown upon her thorough- 
 fares and streets. Although froin the leaven of her old-time luxuries 
 she has permitted a part of her cotton crop to be cut off by transverse 
 lines, she has filled the vacuum with new material. Her vegetable 
 trade — the birth of only a few years — is striding rapidly to full growth 
 and great promise ; her precious woods begin to float down her 
 streams ; giant powder has rent the pregnant hills of exhaustless mar- 
 ble quarries, and she is stretching her iron highway, slowly, it is true, 
 from the want of capital, but surely, to the great yawning shafts of 
 her iron-covered and limitless coal fields lying near her deep-rolling 
 rivers. 
 
 MOBILE SPORTS— DUCKING. 
 
 Between Mobile and the eastern shore, ten miles or more across 
 as the crow flies, four rivers and many bayous pour their contributory 
 tides into one broad bay, forming near their embouchures long, shal- 
 low flats, alluvial and fertile muck deposits and semi-circular and 
 expansive bays, which are par excellence the pasturages and resting 
 grounds of countless millions of wing-weary and hungry flights of 
 ducks and other birds of passage from the breeding haunts of the 
 North Pole to the Antartic regions of the extreme South. Here 
 bounteous nature has furnished a temporary duck paradise, and grows 
 for them an abundant and inexhaustible feast of wild celery and other 
 duck weeds and grasses, excelling in quantity and flavor the far-famed 
 
40 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 flats of grand old Chesapeake bay, where I lingered and loitered and 
 shot away so many idle days of early youth. 
 
 All over and around these broad-sheeted horseshoe shallows and 
 semi-circular bayous, untold flocks and wedge-shaped flights of ducks 
 rest, sport, feed and flutter their gorgeous plumage in the genial 
 Southern sunshine, while acres of poule d'eaux darken the surface 
 of these prolific water fields, where they repose and nurse their 
 strength for the countless miles of weary wastes which stretch between 
 them and a return to the land of their birth in the Arctic regions. 
 Of these flocks many come, and few return ; they perish by the way 
 in uncomputed numbers ; enemies and snares beset and follow them 
 from the start to the end of their flight in search of better feeding 
 grounds and more congenial climes. They have neither rest nor 
 peace until they have returned a mere remnant to the ice-bound, im- 
 penetrable regions of their birth. Here man does not harm them ; 
 God has barred his way with the eternal ice-berg. 
 
 Before dawn, on one of those mild, genial mid-winter days of 
 which our climate is so wanton, the duck hunter places his decoys at 
 convenient range, and steals his light skiff with muffled oars into one 
 of the numerous reed blinds growing all over the enchanted bays, 
 wherever they are once planted, and waits for daylight, and watches 
 for his game. Perhaps as soon as red Aurora gilds the polished gates 
 of the east, a huge and darkening flight of ducks descend to his 
 painted snares and illusions with loud roar of wings and great splash 
 of waters, almost within reach of gun muzzle. 
 
 Then, with bated breath and eyes peering through the slightly 
 parted reeds, his right hand convulsively clutching a No. lo calibre 
 smooth-bore Greener, his left pressing down the eager head of his 
 retriever — certain of his victories — if he be a true sportsman, he will 
 pause and wait long, watching and enjoying the ways and sports of 
 these gorgeous passengers of the Arctic circle. 
 
 They soon lash and churn the shallow waters into foam with 
 feeding, pursuing and diving, sometimes tails up and heads down, 
 then heads up and tails down, imparting a life-like motion to these 
 painted images, which renders it impossible to distinguish duck from 
 decoy or decoy from duck. For a time you cease to be a sportsman 
 and become a naturalist, an Audubon, all thoughts absorbed in the 
 study of the ways of these gox'geous visitors. You begin to draw 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 41 
 
 comparisons, and soon find a wonderful degree of human nature 
 among them. The canvas backs and red necks, being the largest and 
 strongest, at once assert the doctiune of might to be right, and become 
 outright robbers of their weaker associates. They seem to work or 
 dive for food, and snatch it away from the bills of the divers, as they 
 rise to the surface, not without loud quacking protests and futile 
 resistance from the robbed. They vary their labors and amuse- 
 ments — some feed and chase each other around with water-beating 
 wings, half flying and half swimming ; others, whose appetites are 
 appeased, stand high out of the water upon the shallow bars, and 
 pick and wash, and smooth their white breasts and ruffled feathers, 
 like a city belle will primp before her looking-glass at the expected 
 visit of her dude. Then nodding and bending their heads close to- 
 gether they utter a low monotone gabble^ as if imparting love secrets 
 which they do not wish eavesdroppers to overhear. Perhaps whis- 
 pering tales of love, and recording vows and promises to be kept or 
 broken even according to the ways of men and women of society. 
 Suddenly and rudely your reveries are broken, and dreams vanished 
 by the stunning report of some unsentimental market-ducker's gun in 
 ^n unseen and proximate blind. Sentiment flies away ; the tiger of 
 your nature replaces it, the spirit of slaughter is ripe, both barrels are 
 quickly emptied into the startled and rising flock, the second gun re- 
 peating the leaden hail, and cartridges placed for a third charge if 
 possible ! Instantly the surface of the previously placid lake is 
 changed and strewn with white down, flying feathers, dead ducks and 
 winged cripples swimming for dear life to the refuge of tangled grass 
 and pursued fiercely by the retriever, eager to capture before the 
 victims have found cover. 
 
 Now from blind to blind and from point to point, all over and 
 around the murderous circle, huge duck guns belch forth sulphurous 
 fires and thunderous volleys, re-echoing and reverberating up and 
 down the numerous water channels of the marshes like the roar of a 
 great battle. The air is filled with floating feathers and falling 
 victims, tumbling down and down, heels over head, with loud splash 
 and heavy thud, upon the rufiled waters. The volleys continue until 
 the wild and circling flocks change their course, and fly straight out 
 into the open waters of the bay, where no longer treacherous blinds 
 can conceal murderous fires, and where they can see the approach of 
 
42 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 pursuing boats. When this happens the duckers know their sport is 
 closed for the day, and as the distant taps of the town clock announce 
 the lengthening hours of coming long winter nights, they push out 
 their little white-sailed skiffs from their hiding places, and soon cover 
 the broad shallow lakes, with cleaving bows, duck laden and home- 
 ward bound. Then ensues a regatta and race for the city wharves, 
 not more than one or two miles distant. Trophies of the day's sport 
 are held up, shown and shaken at passing boats, ticklers are drained 
 of the last drop, and thrown overboard in disgust. The wharves are 
 soon reached, the boats unladen, and shimmering displays of gorgeous 
 feathers made to the admiring eyes of loitering citizens, many of 
 whom are awarded a pair of the juicy canvas backs, and give in return 
 an invitation to be present when the celery, jelly and champagne are 
 added to the cunning of the cook ! 
 
 In the height of ducking season, twenty pair to each skilled shot 
 is not an unusual day's sport, and, that, too, in plain sight of the 
 Battle House and Theatre, and within hearing of the business roar 
 attending a commercial town of forty thousand people. 
 
 Visiting sportsmen, with letters of introduction to any of the 
 members of our Gulf City Gun Club, will be treated to a trial of this 
 glorious sport, and return in time to transact business on the same 
 day. 
 
 CALINETTE. 
 
 [From the French.] 
 
 Aged ten years, pale and delicate, with sparkling eyes, a tender 
 flower grown amid the stone walls of Paris ; she assisted her grand- 
 mother to keep shop adjoining the news-stand at the great railroad 
 depot. They sold little articles pertaining to smokers — pipes, and 
 cigar stems and holders, &c. More than once, while awaiting my 
 train, I gabbled with the two women, and learned them to be not only 
 poor, but very poor. The girl, orphaned from infancy, was raised 
 by the grandmother, who adored her. I knew also she was called 
 Calinette — a name born of grace and tenderness, and as sweet as the 
 bearer. 
 
 The other day, while in the waiting-room, I saw the old grandma 
 alone, and draped in mourning. I foretold a misfortune, and ques- 
 tioned her anxiously. "Ah! sir, a sad story, my heart is broken. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 43 
 
 Poor little darling, so good, so sweet ; one of God's stray sunbeams 
 sent to brighten the gloom of my life gone out. She never was 
 strong. Her mother, my daughter, who died to give her birth, was 
 not much stronger. She, too, was all imagination and nerves. Thus 
 it is not strange Calinette took after her. Well, how it came about, 
 I cannot tell, perhaps through the indiscretion of a neighbor, that 
 caused Dr. Millot, the great surgeon who lives across the street, and 
 is so benevolent to the miserable, to pay us a visit one morning early, 
 just as we were going to the shop. His winning face all smiles, and 
 long -white hair and beard flowing, and eyes were so full of good- 
 ness that we felt as if an old friend had come, instead of a stran- 
 ger on a first visit. ' Well, madame,' he said, ' it seems our little one 
 is not well, do let me see what's the matter?' Of course he could, 
 and thank God, too, for I thought his very touch must cure. Well, 
 he felt her heart, and breast and back, and placed his head down 
 close to the little body, and turned her about, and no more begrudged 
 his precious time than if Calinette had been a great lady. At last he 
 looked at me, and said : ' There's nothing serious the matter. She 
 is haunted by some fancy or she longs for something she cannot get. 
 Come, my child, tell me what it is?' ' There is no use to tell, Doctor, 
 because I never, never can be gratified.' 'Nevertheless, tell, my child, 
 tell; all the same, and we will see about that afterwards.' 'Oh! 
 well, then. Doctor, I would so like, that is, I have so longed, but — 
 do all those people who travel in the trains go far, very far away? ' 
 'That depends — some stop at the first station in the suburbs.' ' Oh! 
 but farther, those who go much farther without stopping? ' ' If they 
 don't stop they reach the sea.' 'The sea!' she said, and started 
 from her chair with both hands clasped, as in ecstacy. ' Ah, we 
 know now,' said the Doctor, laughing; 'well, I will see the 
 superintendent and beg a month's leave of absence for both and 
 free passes besides. You'll permit me, madame,' he said, as he 
 placed two bills of one hundred francs each upon the table ; ' you 
 musn't object, you'll pay me back after a while. It is only a loan ; 
 she wants to see the sea, the little one. Well, well, she shall see the 
 sea.' Before I could refuse the money, he had gone and closed the 
 door behind him like a thief. Two hours after, both the leave of 
 absence and passes came, and we decided to start by the morning's 
 train. Calinette never slept, her tongue rattled all night. While I 
 
44 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 held her rather feverish hand, she said: 'You see now, Gran', you 
 can't, you never can tell, no, not in years, how happy I am to-night. 
 Whenever a train rolls out of our station, my heart swells and goes with 
 it, particularly when they go to Trouville by the sea, for then, they are 
 crowded with young and happy girls and boys, who wear sailor hats 
 and suits, and carry nets and fishing poles to catch the golden fish we 
 see in the market baskets. When I look at those glistening rails so 
 long, and winding out of sight like serpents of glittering steel, I never 
 can leave the window until a long trail of black smoke alone remains 
 behind. I ask myself constantly — Where are they going, how far? 
 Then comes a struggle not to follow, to follow those bright rails 
 which stretch from our feet to the great, great roaring sea, which they 
 say sings God's praise forever, night and day, with the same voice for 
 the poor as the rich.' Overcome by her fancies, towards morning, 
 she slept on my breast while a smile of serene happiness dwelt upon her 
 face. We left at twelve o'clock the next day. Her eyes were glued 
 to the window and took in any flitting object that flew past. Each 
 moment she uttered an exclamation of delight and surprise. For my 
 part I dozed a little, overcome by the previous night's vigils. Then, 
 again, I like the city better than the country. I prefer streets, squares 
 and houses, to trees, lakes, and marshes filled with mists. I was 
 born, bred and grown in Paris, and I love it better than all the world. 
 We reached YiPort by the sea at night and slept until morning. 
 It was hardly light before Calinette, up and dressed, dragged me out to 
 the battery. At the first glimpse of the sea she uttered a single cry: 
 'Ah! ' and remained silent. Her gaze became fixed and her form 
 rigid as a statue of granite. A moment passed thus and she wiped 
 her eyes. They were full of tears. Upon some stones worn round 
 by the sea we sat all day long, with the tide splashing our feet, gazing 
 at the vast expanse of green water, dotted here and there with white 
 sails going to and fro. When called to meals, Calinette grew fretted 
 at being disturbed. As one in a trance, she was spell-bound by the 
 sea ; her ayes sparkled, her pale lips reddened. She seemed to hear 
 and answer a voice from another world—' Oh, how grand you are ; 
 how I love you.' Then she kissed her hand to the sea time and time 
 again. I grew alarmed, for I felt this exaltation to be unnatural. 
 She held me there till the last rays of the sun hiding below the waves 
 illumined the skies like a vast conflagration. Now the wind blew 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 45 
 
 fresh and damp, and the air grew quite cool. ' Come, come, Cali- ■ 
 nette, let's go in — you must.' With a sigh she arose and we walked 
 slowly back to the village. She scarcely tasted supper — so I made 
 some tea and placed her in bed close by mine where I could feel her 
 during the night. She had taken cold and was both feverish and 
 restless. Wearied and tired out, I slept a few hours until awakened 
 by a chilly sensation. I opened my eyes, and looked for Calinette ; 
 it was just daylight. Her bed was empty — I sprang up, and cried, 
 ' What do I see? ' There was my poor little girl in her night-gown, 
 with bare feet, leaning out of the open window gazing at the sea — 
 always the sea. ' Are you mad — what are you doing? come back to 
 bed.' I tried to pull her away; in vain, she clutched the sash and 
 held tight. ' See, Gran', see, oh, do look, there he is, there he comes, 
 I wanted to see him come up first— look ! look ! ' And she pointed 
 her little hands towards the sun, who now rose like a huge red seal, 
 casting long golden rays over the sea. ' Come away, come, you 
 must — you are catching cold.' I closed the sash and forced her back 
 to bed. She begged me to w^heel her couch to the window that she 
 might still see the sun and sea — -always the sea. I consented ; didn't 
 I always yield her slightest wish. I could not hold her down ; she 
 threw her cover aside, sprang half up, and grew both exalted and 
 wild with delight. 'Don't you see him. Gran', the great grand sun; 
 see, he rises, how he climbs up, way up yonder, up, up, higher up 
 the heaven ; see, he paints everything rose-color — the sea, the boats, 
 the sails, this room and furniture, and even our faces — all things rose, 
 rose.' She tossed kisses to the sun as if a human being. Suddenly, 
 she ceased her exclamations and kisses, and became silent for a mo- 
 ment ; then she said : ' I am cold ! ' As a matter of course, a burn- 
 ing fever followed such imprudence. Her hands grew hot, her throat 
 parched, and her eyes closed as if they had lost the strength to re-open. 
 I sent for the Doctor, who came quickly. ' It is grave,' he said, 
 'very grave; probably imflammation of the lungs.' My God ! my 
 child, my Calinette! Her sleep was restless, her breath came short 
 and choked. After several hours she awoke and said: ' Gran'.' I 
 seized and held the dear little hand which she had placed upon my 
 cheek for a moment, as she had been wont to do with her old caressing 
 manner, then withdrawing them she exclaimed again : ' Isn't he grand, 
 too grand — he strangles me. I was better in my little garret in Paris. 
 
46 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 How strange ; I seem to float in mid-air — yes, I fly like those white 
 sea gulls, and I rise, I rise higher, and all around is rose-colored, rose, 
 rose.' So she raved for hours, but never again, not once spoke of me, 
 her old grandmother. I lost my head — I was dazed. The sun was 
 setting and about to disappear at this moment. She sat bolt upright 
 upon her couch with eyes preternaturally distended, and reached out 
 both hands as if to clutch and hold back the last shimmer. ' Let me 
 stay, don't take me away — not yet, not yet, a little longer — let me 
 look, look forever.' As the last ray sank away, Calinette looked at 
 me with her old smile and put up her lips as if to kiss me and said, 
 ' Gran'.' Then her eyes became fixed, she moved no more, the 
 struggle was over. She's buried over there, in a little plot by the 
 sea, so she may always look at the sea — that accursed sea which stole 
 her away. Oh, why did she wish to go there — why did he send her 
 there, that kind Doctor Millot, No doubt but he intended to do for 
 the best when he spoke jjof the effects of nature — fresh air and other 
 things not found between the walls of Paris. But you see, sir, such 
 things are only made for the rich — they are not intended for. us poor 
 people, they kill us." With her eyes full of tears, the old woman cast 
 them reproachfully upon those long, glittering steel rails, which had 
 carried her child to a grave by the sea, and sighed as one without hope. 
 
 PRESENT STATUS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND RUSSIA. 
 
 [From the French.] 
 
 The following conversation between an English and Russian 
 general illustrates the status of affairs existing between the two nations. 
 
 They met at Herat to adjust the boundary dispute. 
 
 Russian General — " How amiable it is of my brother-in-arms to 
 meet here at our invitation, so far from home." 
 
 English General — " Not at all, not at all, my dear sir. All the 
 honor and condescension rests with you. I should be most happy to 
 meet you in London upon a similar mission." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — "Please admire this cavalry sabre. Anew inven- 
 tion. Feel what a keen edge it has." 
 
 Eng. Gen. — " Pretty sharp. But we have recently invented a 
 bayonet which is a perfect treasure. It never fails to kill after inflict- 
 ing intense agony," 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 4^ 
 
 JRuss. Gen. — " And our new patent lance. See what a gem. It 
 pierces a gold rouble through and through with its own weight." 
 
 JEng. Gen. — " Exquisite! but you should see our new velocipede 
 gun, which fires twenty shots before you can blow your nose." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — "Our patented poisoned ball (this in confidence) 
 not only kills instantly, but turns the corpse black." 
 
 JEng. Gen. — " That is charming, but not quite equal to our ex- 
 plosive ball which defies a collection of the remains." 
 
 Riiss. Gen. — " But you have not seen our little cannon revolver 
 which demolishes a fortress in less than a minute." 
 
 ^ng. Gen. — " Good, very good, but our shovel shooter shovels 
 five hundred balls into five hundred men every shovelfull." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — " Our electric torpedo fish at each shock instantly 
 rots the hull of your largest man-of-war, which drops to pieces and 
 sinks." 
 
 Ung. Gen. — " That is useless against our new modeled navy 
 which folds like a fan, dives like a duck, and only comes to the sur- 
 face to vomit fire and goes down again to avoid danger." 
 
 Rtiss. Gen. (Extracting a pill from his waistcoat pocket.) — "See 
 this microbe." 
 
 Ung. Gen. — " What is it good for." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — " A beautiful darling little pocketpiece, which con- 
 tains miasmatic gases enough to asphyx an entire regiment." 
 
 Ung. Gen.—'''' That is splendid! Almost equal to our campaign 
 battery. ' ' 
 
 Buss. Gen. — "What is your campaign battery." 
 
 Eng. Gen. — " Such a startling invention! All England is crazy 
 over it. It shoots an electric wire around an entire army, charged 
 w^ith electricity enough to cremate every man within the circle." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — -" Then, by bomb and mortar, we are fully prepared 
 my dear friend, to massacre you as agreeably as possible." 
 
 Eng. Gen. — "And we, honored brother-in-arms, are ready to 
 blow your nation off the map of Europe." 
 
 Buss. Gen. — "But before we proceed to our glorious work, let 
 us not forget the courtesies of life. Permit me to embrace you." 
 
 Ung. Gen. — " Certainly, my dear friend, I was about to beg the 
 same favor." 
 
 They fall into each other's arms and embrace most affectionately. 
 
48 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 THE FORESTS OF THE VICINITY OF MOBILE. 
 
 [ByDK. Chas. Mohr.] 
 
 Situated in the coast plain of the maritime pine belt of the East- 
 ern Gulf region, the forests in the vicinity of Mobile display the 
 variety and richness of the tree growth characteristic of the lower 
 South, in all its luxuriance. 
 
 The alluvial lands of the upper part of the delta of the Mobile 
 river, intersected b3^ numerous channels, and studded with shallow 
 lakes and the adjoining river banks subject to overflow at every 
 freshet, are covered with gloomy forests of deciduous-leaved trees, in 
 an almost primeval condition. 
 
 Here in the deep perpetually wet alluvial soil is the true home of 
 the mighty Cypress^, (Bald Cypress); exceeding in its dimensions 
 every other tree of the Atlantic forest region. 
 
 The manufacture of cypress lumber is carried on to a considera- 
 ble extent at the mills on the Tensas river, which furnish a product of 
 superior quality. The only other tree of large size associated with 
 the Cypress is the Tupelo Gum 2, its rival in height, the dense foliage 
 of these giants of the forest forming a roof scarcely penetrated by the 
 rays of the sun ; in this dark shade there is besides the Swamp Ash^ 
 or Fop- Ash, a small tree not over twenty-five or thirty feet in height, 
 no other undergrowth fonnd to thrive. In situations less subject to 
 inundation the dense woods present a more varied growth of Water 
 Oak*, Water Hickory'', Sweetgums^, Red Maple^, splendid Water 
 Elm*, Hackberries^, the largely prevailing Green Ash^^, and two 
 species of Cottonwood^^, ^^ fringing the banks, with an undergrowth 
 of Red Bay^^, Catalpa trees^*. Swamp Dogwood^^, and Black Wil- 
 lows^*'. The borders fronting the water-courses are frequently covered 
 with a dense growth of gigantic cane, presenting impenetrable bar- 
 riers. These canebrakes, in connection with the swampy soil, and 
 with a dense undergrowth interlaced by numerous vines, often armed 
 with sharp prickles, render the accTess to these woods extremely diffi- 
 cult, if not impossible. They offer secure lairs to the larger beasts 
 of the forests, long since disappeared from other parts of this section. 
 Bears, panthers, large catamounts, find here a safe retreat, and the 
 valiant hunter in search of such noble game, will find this truly 
 primeval wilderness a field for sport to satisfy his ardor. 
 
 Receding from the estuary and the lowlands of the river in gently 
 rising swells, this plain extends westwardly for a distance of from six 
 to eight miles, where it is bounded by the rolling pine-clad uplands. 
 According to the condition of the soil and the configuration of its 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 49. 
 
 surface, its forest growth presents a varied character. In localities 
 with a dry sandy porous soil, prevailed originally the Long Leaf 
 Pine^". Wherever this tree has been removed in this coast-plain, it 
 is almost invariably replaced by the Cuban Pine, or Elliott Pine, 
 Slash Pine^*. This tree, originally confined to the low flatwoods and 
 the borders of the inlets and streams near the coast, is found in all 
 stages of growth to cover the clearings and old fields. The openings 
 of earliest date, made in the original forest, as found in the western 
 outskirts of this port, bear stately groves of this fine pine in the very- 
 prime of its growth. Destitute of undergrowth, the floor covered 
 with a soft carpet of the dry pine-straw, these groves adorning the 
 suburbs, offer quiet and pleasant retreats where the visitor, suscepti- 
 ble to the soothing influences of inanimate nature, in listening to the 
 soft chant of the rustling leaves of the pines and in inhaling the 
 balmy breezes of the Gulf, is sure to enjoy that repose so delightful 
 to the mind inclined to quiet meditation. 
 
 The so-called hammock lands, with a cooler, more loamy soil, of 
 a richer covering of vegetable mould and more retentive of moisture, 
 being at the same time sufficiently elevated to allow of its natural 
 drainage after heavy falls of rain, are covered with a tree growth, 
 mostly of evergreens, peculiar to the lower part of the extreme South- 
 ern States. Here, the Magnolia^^ reigns supreme, attaining a height 
 of eighty feet and over by a diameter of from thirty to thirty-six 
 inches, associated with Live Oaks^°, Willow Oaks^^, Water Oaks, the 
 Loblolly Pine'", the Cuban Pine, and a host of trees of smaller size, 
 many of them highly ornamental, including the American Olive or 
 Devilwood^^ ; the beautiful Holly"'^*, the Sweet Leaf or Horse Sugar*^, 
 the Youpon^^, bearing the year round its load of scarlet berries ; the 
 Fringe tree or Old Man's Beard'^, with its delicate white bloom ; 
 Red Bays, the pretty Snowdrop tree or Silver Bells^^, delighting the 
 eye in the early days of spring with its profusion of snow-white 
 pendant flowers ; the interesting Bumelia^^ and rare Loblolly Bay^*^, 
 with the Black Plum^\ Chicasaw Plum^'-, several species Hawthorns'^, 
 the Shade or Serviceberry tree-^, and the Southern Prickly Ash^^. 
 These trees overshadow a not less varied growth of shrubs, many of 
 them attractive by their beautiful flowers, consisting of several species 
 of Blueberries^^, Huckleberries^", the Sweet lUicium-^^ or American 
 Staranise, Chokeberries^^, the Dahoon Holly*", Winterberries^, and 
 Inkberries or Gall bushes*'-. The Dwarf Palmetto*^ choosing the 
 richest spots, besides its congener of the Pinewoods of the coast region 
 the Saw Palmetto, the only representative of the Palms, a family of such 
 
50 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 great prominence amongst the ligneous growth within the tropics, 
 adding an impressive feature to the subtropical character of this 
 forest flora. The higher banks of the brooks are adorned during the 
 time of spring with the bloom of the Azaleas^ and the Calico bush*^ 
 and their borders enlivened by the fragrant snowy flowers of the 
 Storax bush*** and those of Andromedas^', of most delicate tints. 
 Where these hammocks are low, spreading out in swampy flats and 
 on the low banks of the streams, the Sweet Bay or White Bay*^. 
 reaching a height of seventy feet and over, takes the place of the 
 Magnolia, and the White Cedar or Juniper*'' that of the Pines, inter- 
 spersed with the Red Bay. The Ti-Ti'^'^, or Buckwheat tree, making 
 up the largest part of the inidergrowth, is highly attractive during the 
 spring when it is covered with a profusion of pretty white flowers, 
 borne in short racemes. In such localities is also found the poisonous 
 Sumac^^ often falsely called Poison Oak, and confounded with a 
 species-^- of the same genus bearing the same name and equally 
 dreaded on account of its subtle poison, inflicting, when coming in 
 contact with these shrubs, troublesome cutaneous affections upon 
 those susceptible to its influences. This poisonous Sumac is from 
 six to ten feet high, the slender branches bearing oddly pinnate leaves, 
 with from seven to thirteen oblongovate leaflets, and bearing the 
 small greenish flowers in a loose slender panicle. 
 
 The shrubs and trees of these woods are found interlaced and 
 often completely covered with different woody climbers and herba- 
 ceous vines particularly on their borders, adding greatly to the luxu- 
 riant aspect of the vegetation. Ascending to the highest trees, their 
 festoons in many instances adorned with brilliant flowers reach from 
 limb to limb, or confined to the undergrowth trailing from shrub to 
 tree, enveloping it in rich drapery. The yellow Jasmine^^ unfolding 
 its golden flowers in the first mild days of the beginnmg Spring is 
 found trailing over the shrubs and smaller trees, soon followed by the 
 clusters of dark reddish flowers of the Crossvine-^, and with the 
 advance of the season by the azure corymbs of the flowers of the 
 Wistaria^^ and the white cymes of the Decumaria^^. Soon the delight- 
 ful odor of the bloom of various grapes fills the air. The mighty 
 stems of the Summer grape^'^ and the River grape^^, as well as the 
 Bullace or Muscadine^^, the parent plant of the esteemed Scupper- 
 nong, rising free with the trunks of trees of largest size to their loftiest 
 heights, while the Trumpet vine^", the Virginia Creeper''^ and the true 
 Poison Oak^'* in their ascent cling closely to their supports. The 
 Virginia Creeper is by many mistaken for the latter plant, growing in 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 5I 
 
 the same localities, whose pernicious properties have already been 
 alluded to ; it is easily distinguished by its digitate leaves with oblong 
 lance-shaped stiff leaflets, whereas those of the Poison Oak are com- 
 posed of three thin broader leaflets. Several species of Smilax in- 
 cluding the Briar Root'''* or false China Root, and others similar to the 
 Sarsaparilla, the Peppervine''^ with its black shining berries and the 
 singular Brunnichia''"' or Eardrops, entangle bush and tree. The few 
 Epiphytes or air plants occurring in the Eastern Gulf region are found 
 inhabiting the trees of these forests. The most frequent amongst them 
 is the so-called Southern Moss'"', which in pendant airy clusters clothes 
 the branches of the trees in a drapery of sombre gray, adding much 
 to the gloom of the forest and presenting a novel sight as one of the 
 prominent features in the flora of the low^ei South. This strikingly 
 peculiar plant, a pretty orchid"^ belonging to a tropical genus, and a 
 single fern the Creeping Polypody''**, complete the list of vascular- 
 air plants, which within the tropics form such a conspicuous part in 
 the vegetation of the forest. 
 
 Unfolding their flowers from the beginning of the spring to the 
 decline of the summer season, these trees and shrubs fill the air with 
 a sweet fragrancy, which wafted by the land breezes of the night 
 upon the bosom of the Gulf, delighted the earliest navigators, and 
 which offer to the honey bees and other innumerable hosts of the 
 insect world, a long season of almost uninterrupted feasting. 
 
 The Live Oak^^, in groups, or singly, chains the attention as one 
 of the most characteristic and attractive object in the picture of the 
 landscape of this coast plain ; it truly represents the very perfection 
 of a shade tree. In the height of its growth, its sturdy trunk sends 
 out massive limbs to a length exceeding its whole height, which cover 
 w^ith their shade an ambitus often exceeding a hundred feet in 
 diameter. The rotund and dense head covered with the rich glistening 
 evergreen foliage, presenting soft and at the same time imposing out- 
 lines, forms a picture of grand repose filling the beholder with admira- 
 tion, and upon which the eye never tires. A drive to the woods 
 covering the hammock lands at the lower extremity of the Bay Shell 
 Road, can be counted amongst the chief of points of interest affording 
 unmingled delight to the visitor from the North, and cannot fail to 
 leave a most pleasing impression. 
 
 Further to the south the coast plain spreads out m grassy savan- 
 nas or open woods timbered with the Cuban Pine in its fullest perfec- 
 tion, and with the Long Leaf Pine less perfect in its growth. The 
 monotony of these pine meadows, as these low pine barrens or flat- 
 
C2 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 woods are called, is occasionally relieved by narrow strips of Live 
 Oaks and other hardwood timber trees already mentioned, bordering 
 the seashore and inlets intersecting the coast. The ti'eeless depres- 
 sions covered with sv^amps of the pale Peat Moss™ and Club Mosses^^, 
 and with shallow ponds, harbor a strikingly peculiar flora rich in rare 
 plants, not only full of interest to the botonist, but bound to attract 
 the attention of the more superficial observer, by their strange forms 
 and flowers of varied hues. Prominent amongst them stand the 
 Pitcher Plants or Fly Traps^^^ ^ith their hollow trumpet-shaped 
 leaves most ingeniously contrived to serve as traps from which there 
 is no escape, to catch the unwary fly seeking for hidden sweets ; with 
 these Sarracenias are found other insect catching plants, which deemed 
 as being carniverous, have of late attracted the attention of biologists, 
 viz: the pretty Sundews^^. The leaves of these plants are bordered 
 by sensitive prehensile hairs, which take hold of the insect allured to 
 sip the glistening nectar exuding from their tips. The strange Blad- 
 derworts, some of them with floating stems and leaves bearing 
 numerous bladders filled with air, and the allied Butterworts are also 
 found growing in these ponds and swamps, similar habits being 
 ascribed to them. 
 
 It would exceed the limits of these pages to mention, even by 
 name, the hosts of plants common to these low pine barrens, which 
 are offering to the botanist a field full of the richest reward. 
 
 The undulating pine lands or pine hills are covered with the 
 forests of the Long Leaf Pine, to the almost total exclusion of any 
 other tree, forming the vast timber region of the lower Southern 
 States, east of the Mississippi, the source of the important lumber 
 industry, timber trade, and of the crude turpentine extracted for the 
 manufacture of naval stores. The banks of the numerous water 
 courses, clear as crystal, of a swift current, and fed by copious springs 
 issuing from the base of these hills, are covered with a dense growth of 
 Magnolias, White Bay, Red Bay, Black Gum^^ and Red Maple, and 
 the base and sides of the slopes with Spanish Oak'^, .Mockernut, 
 Hickory and large Loblolly Pines. The Upland White Oak or Blue 
 Jack'^^, and Black Jacks", are found in the openings amongst 
 the pines on the drier hillsides. The Loblobby Pine takes in these 
 uplands possession of the old fields and abandoned grounds. 
 
 The products of the forests tributary to the port of Mobile form 
 an important item in its industries and commerce. During the busi- 
 ness year ending September i, 1885, 41,804 barrels of spirits turpentine 
 and 200,688 barrels of rosin Avere shipped from this port. The value 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 53 
 
 of lumber and square timber shipped to foreign and domestic markets 
 during the same time, reached the sum of $631,468, to which is to be 
 added $i8,ooo worth of shingles and staves. The total value of these 
 products drawn from the forests of the surrounding counties and of that 
 part of the State of Mississippi adjacent to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, 
 and exported from this port, exceeded $1,600,000, leaving out of con- 
 sideration the timber, lumber charcoal, and other fuel consumed at home. 
 These pine hills rising to a height of from two hundred to two 
 hundred and fifty feet above the level of the Gulf, and often spreading 
 out in extensive table-lands, are perfectly free from the taint of malaria; 
 at such elevation the atmosphere is less charged with moisture than in 
 the plain below. The light, silicious, porous soil, is instantly drained 
 after every fall of rain. Amply supplied with pure water by numerous 
 springs and brooks under a serene sky of a genial clime, admitting of 
 almost constant outdoor exercise, this upland pine region offers to those 
 wishing to escape the rigors of a northern winter and in search of 
 health, a most desirable resort, unsurpassed in salubrity, with pleasing 
 surroundings of varied beauty and numerous resources for healthful 
 sport and genuine pleasure, afforded by a closer contact with nature. 
 
 1. Taxodium disticlitim. 2. Nyssa uniflora. 3. Fraxinus platycarpa. 4. Quercus aquatica, 
 5. Carya aquatica. 6. Liquidambar styracyflua. 7. Acer riibrum. 8. UIiiius alata. 
 9. Celtis Mississippiensis. 10. Fraxinus viridis. 11. Populusmouilifera. 12. P. heterophyila. 
 13. Persea Carolinensis. var: palustris. 14. Catalpa bignouioides. 
 
 15. Coriius paniculata. 16. Salix nigra. 17. Pinus australis. 
 
 18. Pinus Cubensis. 19. Magnolia grandiflora. 20. Quercus virens. 21. Quereus Phellos. 
 22. Pinus T;eda. 2.3. Osniantiius Americanus. 24. Ilex opaca. 25. Symplocos tinctoria. 
 26. Ilex Cassine. 27. Cliionanthus Virginicus. 28. Halesiadiptera. 29. Bumelia tomentosa. 
 30. Gordonia Lasianthus. 31. Prunusumbellata. 32. P. Chickasaw. 33. Cratoegus arborescens. 
 34. Amelanchier Canadensis. 35. Xanthoxylum Clava Hercules. 
 
 36. Vacciniuni Myrsinitis. V. Virgatum. 37. Gaylussacia duniosa. 
 
 38. lUicium Floridanum. 39. Pyrus arbutifolia. 40. Ilex Dalioon. 
 
 41. Ilex coriacea. 42. Ilex glabra. 43. Sabal Adansoni. 
 
 44. Kliododendron nuditiorum. 45. Kalinia latifolia. 46. StjTan pulverulenta. 
 
 47. Andromeda nitida. A. pliyllereafolia. Leucothoe axillaris. L. raceniosa. 
 
 48. Magnolia glauca. 49. Chamif cyparis sphoeroidea. 50. Cliftonia ligustrina. 
 51. Khus venenata. 52. Rhus toxicodendron, 53. Gelseniiuni senipervirens. 
 54. Bignonia capreolata. 55. Wistaria frutescens. 56. Decumaria barbata. 
 57. Vitis ivstivalis. 5S. Vitis cordifolia. 59. Vitis vulpina. 60. Tecoina radicans. 
 61. Ampelopsis quinque folia, 62. Rhus toxidodendron. var: radicans. 
 
 63. Smilax Pseudo— China, and others. 64. Vitis bipinnata. 65. Brunnichia cirrliosa. 
 
 66. Tillandsia usneoides. 67. Epidendron conopseuni. 68. Polypodium iiicanuni, 
 
 69. Quercus Virens. 70. Sphagnum, different species. 
 
 71. Lycopodium alopeeuroides. L. inundatum vero pinnatum. L. Carolinianuni. 
 
 72. Sarracenla purpurea. S. flava. S. Dreemmondii. S. psittacina. 
 
 73. Drosera brevifolia. D. flllformis. 74. Nyssa Caroliniana. 75. Quercus falcate, 
 76. Quercus clnerea. 77. Quercus nigra. Q. Catesbaei. 
 
54 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 ST. FRANCIS-STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 Rev. Geo. B. Eager, Pastor. 
 
 A Brief Sketch, by a Member. 
 
 Dr. Talmas^e has called Mobile " a city of beautiful Churches," 
 and St. Francis-street Baptist Church may justly claim a share of 
 the praise. 
 
 In approaching the city, almost the first object which greets the 
 eye is its stately spire, rising more than a hundred feet in the clear air, 
 above the smoke and din of the city, steadfastly lifting its " crown " 
 heavenward, a fit emblem of a church which stands to-day crowned 
 with God's loving kindness and tender mercies. In sketching the his- 
 tory of a church, one's first thought is of 
 
 ITS ORIGIN. 
 
 To use a borrowed thought, it is always interesting to examine 
 into beginnings. There is something fascinating in the springing up 
 of new enterprises or new ideas ; there seems a principle within us that 
 demands the source of things. In the beginning of a church there is 
 something almost awe-inspiring. A few men and women unite to 
 found a " kingdom," not for time but for eternity; to build a dwell- 
 ing-place for The Most High God. They unite to fight, not earthly 
 powers, but Satan, Sin and Death, and in the name of their God, 
 " they set up their banners." 
 
 Half a century ago, when Mobile was a place of little impor- 
 tance, but just realizing her strength, with a population of less than 
 five thousand, eleven persons decided to organize a Baptist Church. 
 On the 9th of May, 1835, these eleven, of whom seven were women, 
 met in Franklin-street Methodist Church, and "The First Baptist 
 Church of Mobile " was constituted. The names of these faithful ones 
 were : Burwell L. Barnes and Mrs. C. H. Barnes, Rev. Piatt Stout 
 and wife. Green B. Marshall, Salome Jewett, Sarah Stark, Elizabeth 
 Rawls, Mary Ann Collins, Darling Collins, and Hiram Grifiing. Of 
 the eleven founders, not one is left to-day, but many lived to see the 
 work of their hands established, for God was with them in their 
 labors with His benediction sweet. Now " He hath given His 
 beloved sleep." 
 
 VICISSITUDES. 
 
 During the half century of its existence, the church has been 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 55 
 
 twice disbanded and reorganized ; first, owing to the great financial 
 crisis which swept over the country in '37, and left the church, then 
 in its infancy, deeply in debt and robbed of its lot and building fund ; 
 again in '45, owing to some difficulty in regard to the colored mem- 
 bership. Each time the spirit of their Baptist forefathers animated 
 them to increase their zeal as difficulties multiplied, and each time 
 the new organization went forth with greater strength to conquer for 
 Christ, proving that strength lies not in numbers, but in consecration 
 to the purpose in view, and that difficulties overcome are pillars of 
 strength to raise one nearer to victory. 
 
 The body worshipped first in a room in the second stoiy of a 
 building on the corner of Jackson and St. Louis streets, which was 
 rented for the purpose. In 1839 a building of their own was dedi- 
 cated and used until 1847, when after the last reorganization, 
 with much labor and self-denial, the new body obtained a lot and 
 erected a building. Before they could occupy it, the torch of an 
 incendiary reduced it to ashes and destroyed with it a fine bell, the 
 gift of friends in New York and Boston. But " courage mounteth 
 with occasion," and on the ashes of the old church was reared a 
 building far superior, where in peace and prosperity the body wor- 
 shipped for many years. In 1873 this building was taken down 
 and rebuilt on a much handsomer scale, at a cost of more than $30,000. 
 
 PREVIOUS PASTORS. 
 
 Since its organization, the church has been presided over by 
 thirteen different pastors. Rev. Geo. Felix Heard was the first. He 
 came from Philadelphia, and was ordained in Mobile at the Court 
 House, as the church had then no building of its own. He serv^ed 
 the church less than two years, but was very successful in his work. 
 Rev. Fred. Clark was next called, remained less than a year, and was 
 succeeded by Rev. Jacob Henry Schroebel. He was a most success- 
 ful minister, a man of marked vigor and a true gentleman. During 
 his pastoral term the membership increased until it numbered three 
 hundred and ninety. He died in 1843 of yellow fever — one of those 
 unsung martyr spirits who give up their lives for the good of others. 
 
 " Who liveth to the Lord 
 
 He lives indeed ! 
 
 Who loveth fellow men. 
 
 He sows 
 
 Most precious seed." 
 
56 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 In January, 1844, Bev. D. H. Gillette became pastor, but owing 
 to severe illness, he ser\^ed but a short time. Whjle preaching from 
 the text " A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief," he fell 
 in the pulpit, was taken home and died in less than two weeks. He 
 was succeeded by Rev. J. J. Sessions, who served until Dec. 1S66, 
 when Rev. Solon Lindsley was chosen pastor. During his pastorate 
 the church was rebuilt, the African church constituted, and four 
 negroes licensed to preach. He was characterized by unusual courage 
 and energy, qualities' which eminently adapted him to the wants of 
 the church at that time. After faithful service for almost three years, 
 his health failed, and he retired universally beloved. On his recom- 
 mendation the church called Rev. T. G. Keen, who tendered his res- 
 ignation in 1855, after having served the church six and a half years. 
 He proved to be a preacher of decided ability, a cultivated and 
 refined gentleman, and did much to elevate the standard of the 
 church. Rev. P. E. Collins was minister then for three years, and 
 aided in organizing the Baptist Mission, aftei'wards known as 
 "Broad-street Church." In 1859, Rev. D. P. Bestor assumed 
 charge, and held it most honorably for nearly three years. He was 
 a finely educated man, a gifted orator, much admired by the denomi- 
 nation, and widely known throughout the land. During the war the 
 church seemed to have had no regular pastor, but was supplied by 
 various ministers, prominent among whom was Dr. S. H. Ford. In 
 Jan., 1866, Rev. A. T. Spaulding came, and notwithstanding the dis- 
 couraging circumstances of the times, accomplished a great work. 
 He was a pastor of rare faithfulness, wonderful energy, and whole- 
 hearted consecration. During his term the second Mission was 
 founded in a Sabbath School on Marine street, which grew until a 
 church was organized, and to-day "Palmetto-street Church," Rev. 
 J. B. Hamberlin, Pastor, bids fair to rival its mother church. After 
 Dr. Spaulding resigned^ Rev. A. B. Woodfin was called (1868) to 
 take his place. He served as pastor five years and a half, and was 
 justly regarded as one of the best preachers the church has ever had. 
 He holds to-day a warm place in the hearts of many, to whom he 
 endeared himself by his earnest endeavors and tender sympathy. In 
 Dec, 1874 Rev. J. 0'J5. Lowry was invited to supply the pulpit, and 
 accepted, becoming afterwards full pastor. The St. Francis-street 
 Church was his first charge ; \\e came to it almost a boy in years, but 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 57 
 
 a full-grown man in intellect. He found the church deeply in debt 
 for their new building, but through his zeal, aided by a splendid 
 finance committee, of which T. G. Bush was chairman, in 1S76 the 
 indebtedness was fully paid. On the night following the payment of 
 the last note, the church held a Thanksgiving service, and few who 
 attended it will ever forget the eloquent sermon that seemed to well 
 up from the heart of the pastor round the text: " Ebenezer, hitherto 
 hath the Lord helped us." During Mr. Lowry's pastorate, many 
 were added to the church. He seemed especially gifted in drawing 
 the young men to himself and leading them to his Master. An elo- 
 quent preacher and close student, he was also a most devoted pastor. 
 While preaching with power from the pulpit, he was the sympathetic 
 friend in the sick-room, and the messenger of comfort in the still 
 chamber of death. His tenderness of heart was shown in his love 
 for the children, every one of whom considered him a personal friend. 
 He preached his valedictory sermon in Dec, 1879. Many warm 
 friends in Mobile still watch his career with interest, and wish him 
 ^' God speed " in his far Western home. 
 
 THE PRESENT PASTOR, 
 
 the Rev. George B. Eager, took charge in the spring of iSSo. It is 
 difficult to write contemporaneous history, inspired and colored as it 
 must be with somewhat of the enthusiasm which necessarily pertains 
 to sentiments and emotions nearly connected with the interests of the 
 present. Dr. Eager is a man of rare intellectual culture. His ser- 
 mons are replete with polished thought, pure teaching, and earnest 
 exhortation. His influence is demonstated in the harmony existing in 
 the church, in its courtesy to strangers, its kindly interest in the 
 suffering — in a word, in its Christian work. This influence has been 
 acquired not alone through earnest effort in the pulpit, but by the 
 more subtle influence of example. Though endowed with a keen 
 appreciation of society in its most cultured phase, a leader in all that 
 tends to its elevation, the heart of the pastor turns with quickest 
 impulse to where the wanderer is to be brought back to his Father's 
 house, or to where sorrow has thrown its solemn shadow. He seems 
 to have caught the very spirit of his Master, the spirit in which Butler 
 wrote when he said: " Exercise your souls in loving sympathy with 
 sorrow in every form. Soothe it, minister to it, succor it, revere it. 
 
58 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 It is the relic of Christ in the world, an image of the great Sufferer, a 
 shadow of the Cross. It is a holy, venerable thing." 
 
 Since Dr. Eager took charge of the church, many additions have 
 been made to its membership until now, despite serious losses by 
 death and removal, the church is stronger than ever before. 
 
 The annual contributions to Home and Foreign Missions, 
 Ministerial Education, etc., have been marked by increasing liberality, 
 perhaps doubling the amount contributed during any preceding pas- 
 torate in the history of the church. But while crowned with success 
 in so many ways, the church has had its 
 
 DARK DAYS ; 
 
 times when the bitterness of mourning robbed success of its joy. Ik 
 
 a few short months lately death took from its ranks on earth five of 
 
 its noblest men, E. A. Shaffer, C. E. Thames, W. A. Garnett, Rev. 
 
 Wm. Spence, and Judge Cuthbert. They were known as men who 
 
 had consecrated their lives to God, and would maintain their Christian 
 
 character at whatever cost. Mr. Shaffer and Judge Cuthbert were 
 
 deacons. 
 
 Judge Cuthbert was a man of high culture, and a gentleman of 
 
 the old school. He had occupied some of the first offices in his 
 
 State. What a lesson it was to see him, when, bent with the weight 
 
 of eighty years, he took his place week after week in Sabbath school 
 
 and church. His faith in God seemed perfect ; it was trust in the 
 
 " Father who heedeth the sparrow's fall." After a long eventful life 
 
 he seemed, 
 
 '• As one wlio stands and listens 
 Amid the twilight's chill and gloom, 
 To hear approaching in the distance, 
 The train for Home." 
 
 No history of Baptists in Mobile would be complete without a 
 record of the valuable services of Wm. Spence, who, for thirty-five 
 years, was a resident minister, supplying as his sei'vices were needed, 
 the various churches of the city. Endowed with strong sense, he be- 
 came a useful minister of the Gospel, as well as a trusted member 
 of society. 
 
 No man was better known to Mobilians than E. A. Shaffer. All 
 # over the city he was spoken of as the good man. For thirty-one years 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 59 
 
 he was superintendent of the Sunday school, and for many years was 
 deacon and usher in the church. There was not a child whom he did 
 not know by name, not a member of the congregation who had not 
 felt his warm shake of the hand, and heard the cheery ring of his 
 voice. His seemed the religion of good cheer. Ever on his face 
 shone the "Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind, each prayer ac- 
 cepted and each wish resigned." It might be said of him, " A man 
 in whom there was no guile." The pastor finds ready help to-day 
 from his most efficient corps of deacons, of whom much might be said. 
 
 THE CHURCH BUILDING, 
 
 which was completed, in its present form, in 1S73, is a handsome 
 structure, built of brick in a massive stjde, with a spire rising one 
 hundred and twenty-five feet. The basement is beautifully finished 
 and admirably furnished for its various uses. The audience-room of 
 the church is finely frescoed, finished with stained glass windows, and 
 provided with a grand organ which is presided over by Dr. Pape, one 
 of the finest musicians in the land. Such are the externals which 
 address the eye of the stranger. But to those who have worshipped 
 within these walls for years, they are as the body without the light of 
 the soul. A church is something which every worshipper adorns for 
 himself. Old associations rival in charms stained-glass and frescoes, 
 and memory paints with touches that as far surpass the real as the 
 spiritual does the material. Every heart chants for itself, " The 
 Lord is in His holy temple, let all the earth keep silence before Him.'' 
 Then there is love for the place where we are lifted above ourselves, 
 for few have ceased to reverence their better natures. How many 
 can stand in the silence of the sanctuaiy and let associations preach 
 sermons more powerful than the walls ever echo. They come from 
 the Baptistry where, " being buried with Christ," they rose to life 
 in His service ; from the altar where, perhaps, they pledged life to 
 another and went forth amid the joyous music of marriage bells ; or, 
 from the pew where vacant places are filled again, and there comes, 
 
 " The touch of a vanished hand, 
 And the sound of a voice that is still." 
 
 '•' Here Present, Past and Future strangely blend, 
 And life, illumined by th' eternal light, 
 Unfolds its mysteries to our groping sight." 
 
6o SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 FACETL^. 
 
 [Original and Translations.] 
 
 — Peter was very sick. His wife and her friend James Jacket 
 sat by his bedside in attendance. The latter remarked: " My dear 
 Peter, it is a beautiful sight to see such devotion from a young and 
 charming wife." "Well, James, if you think so, why don't you 
 marry?" " Why, I am thinking about it now, and have my eyes 
 upon a widow." "A widow!" cried Peter; "Am I, indeed, so 
 seriously ill?" Moral — " The best laid plans of men and mice oft 
 gang aglee." Peter recovered and James died. 
 
 — A club of ten scribes and play-writers met nightly in the green- 
 room of the Vaudeville Theatre, among whom was the famous poet 
 Beranger. One of the number commented bitterly and maliciously 
 upon the works of the others. When he left some one said: " That 
 fellow has made nine fools of you." " Well," replied Beranger, 
 *' That is eight more than his father made." 
 
 — A country exchange has the following advertisement : 
 " Wanted — A situation as wet nurse by a handsome and agreeable 
 widow^ who is also a good milker. Would prefer a place with a 
 widower." 
 
 — Scruggs bet he could eat a dozen hard-boiled eggs in succes- 
 sion, and throw in the thirteenth for good measure. Upon beginning 
 he said to his opponent: " I will do as you please, either begin with 
 the first egg and eat through ; or commence with the thirteenth and 
 eat backwards to the first." 
 
 — I am somewhat suspicious of over-politeness, for it often 
 conceals treachery. Its formulas frequently hide impertinences. 
 When you lift your hat to a bald-headed man, it is to force him to 
 uncover and expose his loss, which must be very disagreeable. When 
 you serve your neighbor first at. table from a suspicious-looking 
 dish, it is done to make him test its doubtful appearance. What 
 will our courteous friend, Mr. Bunker, say to such philosophy? 
 
 — A Coroner's jury found thefollowing verdict upon the body of 
 John Smith, who had hanged himself: " The deceased came to his 
 death from fatty matter about the heart in complication with a rope." 
 
 — A bachelor being urged to marry by a friend, who said by 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 6l 
 
 way of argument: " Only think how lonely you will be in your old 
 age. No one to care for you." " You are mistaken. My creditors 
 will never forget me as long as I live." 
 
 — A Socialist, upon being asked why he objected to capital 
 honestly acquired, replied: " It is not to capital I object; but to its 
 belonging to another man." 
 
 — A widow of four husbands was jestingly told that she must 
 have assisted Nature's woi'ks. "No, no," she replied earnestly; "it 
 was down-right pure good luck." 
 
 — Scruggs, being told Irish potatoes were indigestible, replied : 
 " No wonder when they are served in their jackets." 
 
 — During a recitation of chemistry, the rather absent-minded 
 professor asked a student: " When you manufacture ammonia, what 
 do you heat it with?" " Alcohol," was the answer. " No, sir — you 
 next?" " With gas." " No, sir. You?" " With a reverberator." 
 " No, you are all wrong. They heat ammonia with precaution." 
 
 — An American restaurant translating a French bill of fare, 
 rendered " Beauf a la mode " into English as " Fashionable beef." 
 
 — A quack, being charged with depopulating his village, and at 
 the same time increasing the number of births, replied: "I must 
 create a practice." 
 
 — The nurse cried out to little Kittie, who was pulling on her 
 socks; " Don't you see you are putting them on wrong side out!" 
 " Oh, that's because there's a hole on t'other side." 
 
 — While two friends were seated in the public square conversing, 
 one said: "I'll bet that man coming this way is left-handed." 
 "Why so; do you know him?" "No, never saw him before!" 
 " Well, how do you know?" " Because he has no right hand." 
 
 ' — A young mother and her little daughter, Loto, were seated 
 under a tree in the park with some gentlemen. Loto asked if some 
 of the leaves on the tree were not false. " Why do you ask such a 
 foolish question, Loto?" Loto, vexed, cried: "Don't you wear 
 false hair. Mama?" 
 
 — During Gen. Grant's funeral procession every place where a 
 view could be obtained was utilized. The proprietor of a ladder 
 
63 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 erected against a tree for rent, cried out. " The bottom round is 
 still vacant, with a young woman at the top ; price only five cents." 
 
 — A lady who was cast for the principal character at private 
 theatricals, said to the writer of the piece: " You always have such 
 foolish words in my part — for instance, ycu speak of fumbling with 
 geese. You must change that sentence. "I will;" and he wrote, 
 ^' fumbling with actors." 
 
 — A fish woman said to another: " That was a hogish trick you 
 served me." " Well, all of us have a little of the hog sleeping in our 
 natures." " Yes," was the rejoinder, " but your hog never sleeps." 
 
 — " Little Dick's grandfather had been placed on a milk diet for 
 along time, when a neighbor asked how his grandpa was getting on. 
 *' Oh, he has improved so much that ma speaks of milking him soon, 
 to get her money back." 
 
 — The recorder asked a witness in a criminal case — "Do you 
 know the accused?" " Only by sight. I have seen him only once or 
 twice." "What! only know him by sight, and yet you dined with 
 him, a notorious thief!" " Well, Judge, it would have been worse 
 if I had known him." 
 
 — Several distinguished French scientists were discussing the 
 question of sensibility remaining in the head after decapitation. One 
 of them, who strongly advocated the affirmative side, had in his lap 
 at the time a beautiful little pet terrier bitch, very devoted to him. 
 After he had fully aroused the sympathies and affection of the dog 
 by caresses, he instantly, at one blow of a heavy knife, severed her 
 head from her body, then quickly called her name, "Fido ! Fido!" 
 she opened both her eyes and gave him a tender look. 
 
 — At a meeting during the days of the French Republic, a 
 member was accused of failing to show the tri-colored flag at his 
 dwelling on the fourteenth day of July. " That is true," he replied, 
 *' but I did better than that. To avoid display I painted the tri-color 
 inside of my stomach, by drinking blue seal for breakfast, white wine 
 for dinner, and red wine for supper, and slept with them all night in 
 boon companionship." 
 
 — A husband and wife were quarrelling. He said: " I am too 
 courteous to the sex to say there is no other woman as bad as you. 
 I merely say I never yet met her." 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 63 
 
 — A sentinel with a broken musket was stationed at the en- 
 trance of the Emperor of Russia's audience chamber, when a man 
 accompanied by a dog, seeking to pass, was halted. "You can't 
 enterwithadog." "Don't be alarmed, my dog has no gun !" "Don't 
 you be alarmed ;" replied the sentinel, "my gun has no dog." 
 
 — When Barry's mother-in-law was taken suddenly ill, he con- 
 sulted a friend as to whether he should send for an Allopathic or 
 HomcEpathic doctor. "Oh, one is no better than the other; the 
 former kills with drugs — the latter permits her to die from the want 
 of them." " Well, I will have the Allopath, for his treatment will 
 cause the poor woman to suffer less time." 
 
 — A new married couple seated together in the country, saw two 
 doves cooing on the limb of a tree, when suddenly one of them flew 
 away, The bride cried out: " I'll bet the deserter is the male." 
 
 — Little Tommy, seeing a militia company pass, asked his 
 father why they had no tall drum-majoi;. "Because they attract 
 lightning and are dangerous to the company," was the reply. 
 
 — Often tender and touching sentiments are found lying hidden 
 in the troubled brains of inmates of the insane asylum. A manager 
 of one of these institutions threatened to punish a patient with a 
 straight-jacket and solitary confinement because, among other eccen- 
 tricities, he had walked one hundred miles to attend the funeral of a 
 very distant relative. "That's true," he said, "and I would go 
 twice as far again without regret ; for I remember one day when my 
 brutal father had unmercifully beaten me for a trivial offence, this 
 cousin alone, of all my relatives present, crept up to the corner where 
 I was sobbing to break my heart, and tendered me the charity of a 
 kind word. When we have hearts we do not forget these things." 
 This reply, so simple and sincere, confirmed the principal in the 
 belief that the patient was mad beyond cure. 
 
 — A sleeper in a large hotel was waked by the porter with the 
 information that room No. 5 was in flames. "Well, what is my 
 number?" "No. 12, sir." " When the fire reaches No. 11, you 
 can wake me up." Then he dropped to sleep again. 
 
 — Apropos of the late London scandals of the Pall Mall Ga- 
 zette, two Frenchmen were seated under a trellis of vines drinking, 
 
64 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 when one, looking overhead, asked: "What kind of vine is that?" 
 " Virgin bower," replied the other. " Hush, my friend, speak low; 
 don't say virgin ; there are some Englishmen at the next table who 
 might go for that. innocent vine.'^ 
 
 — Two invited guests at the wedding of an old man to a young 
 lady, were discussing the principals, when one said: " I like to see 
 an old man marry a young woman." "Why?" said his friend, 
 " Because it circulates money among the boys." 
 
 — Tommy asked his father how to distinguish civilization from 
 barbarism. " The only difference is, that one kills his enemy with a 
 cannon at the distance of miles ; while the other cuts his throat with 
 a knife while he is asleep." 
 
 — "I am told you are widower; will you marry again soon?'^ 
 " Never invite a man to dinner who has just dined," was the reply. 
 
 — St. Augustine, Fla., was settled by the Spaniards A. D. 1565. 
 
 — Jefferson county, Alabama, yielded one hundred thousand 
 tons of coal in 1884. 
 
 — The Alabama tin deposits cover eight thousand acres. 
 
 — After the battle of Maubila the Spaniards tried out the fat 
 from the dead Indians to dress their wounds. This battle took place 
 at Choctaw Bluff, on the Alabama River, A. D. 1540. 
 
 — Toots, from having been a spendthrift^ suddenly became eco- 
 nomical. His wife asked why he was so saving. " On account of 
 our children," said Toots. "But we have no children." "Well, 
 then, on account of our grand-children." 
 
 — While canvassing for votes at a coming election. Brown an- 
 nounced himself as a poor man'sjcandidate. Smith said, " That will 
 beat you." " Why so?" "Because a merchant friend of mine, 
 being overstocked with bed-spreads, advertised them for sale as poor 
 people's comforters. No one would buy." 
 
 — The French Government, in advertising for volunteers to go 
 to Tonquin, required the jaws and teeth of the applicant to be exam- 
 ined, the service requiring great jaw power as well as physical force, 
 not only to conquer the Chinese, but their hard bread. The bread of 
 glory must be very hard in China. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OV ALABAMA. 65 
 
 — Madame Alphonse, fortune teller and clairvoyant, at No. — 
 Dauphin street, advertised a reward for the return of her pet dog, 
 Tookaloo. If clairvoyance is not a farce, why does not Madame Al- 
 phonse find her own Tookaloo? 
 
 — At a social question dialogue in a bar-room, a man exclaimed : 
 " Laborer out of labor is my profession, and my time is so much taken 
 up with it, that when the strike is over my occupation will be gone." 
 
 — Kate went back on Bill Sykes because her other beau, Bill 
 Smith, gave her a ten dollar bill to buy an Easter bonnet. Sykes 
 wanted to know "Why her heart was like a piano?" She didn't 
 know. " Well, because any Bill could play a note on it." 
 
 — Victor Hugo's idea of Paradise is a country where parents are 
 always young, and children are always children. 
 
 — A Texas man, while describing a duel with rifles, in which 
 he was concerned, said : "I was placed one side of a woods and my ad- 
 versary on the other, and told to advance and find each other. After 
 creeping cautiously from tree to tree, I saw my man aiming at me, 
 and before I could dodge, he fired and missed. I immediately dis- 
 charged my rifle in the air." '' That was very noble and generous of 
 you," said his companion. " Yes, but I forgot to mention that he 
 was up a tree which happened to be in the way of my ball." 
 
 — At a criminal trial in France, where a majority of the jury 
 convict, and a very ill-visaged murderer had been acquitted, one of 
 the dissenting jury said, " Judge, as I have to pass through a woods 
 where this man lives to reach my home, I beg you will have him 
 kept in custody until I can get the start of him." 
 
 — Two men were quarreling in a Royal-street bar-room, when 
 one called the other " skunk and idiot. '^ " Hold, on ! stop 1" cried a 
 peace-maker, " Skunk is enough to call a gentleman without adding 
 another word to wound his feelings." 
 
 — Two Congressmen met at a barbei'-shop, when one, while 
 looking in the glass and feeling his beard at the same time, said : "The 
 worry and responsibility of politics are producing goose wrinkles 
 over my face." "So much the better," rejoined his companion, 
 " You will soon be goose enough to save the capital." 
 
 — What is Prayer? — (Copied from a scrap-book.) — Prayer is 
 
66 SCEMfiS AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 the application of want to Him who alone can relieve it ; the voice of 
 sin to Him who alone can pardon it. It is the urgency of poverty, 
 the prostration of humility, the fervency of penitence, the confidence 
 of trust. Not eloquence, but earnestness ; not the definition of help- 
 lessness, but the feeling of it ; not figures of speech, but compunction 
 of soul. It is the Lord save me or I perish of drowning Peter — the 
 cry of faith to the ears of mercy. 
 
 — Conversation between two market women: "Maria, did you 
 hear that Sue's husband had been killed by a railroad collision and 
 she had recovered five thousand dollars damages from the company?" 
 "You don't say so! Well, well ! some folks are too lucky to live!" 
 
 — A mischievous boy, about seven years, behavingone day worse 
 than usual, was isent to school for the first time. Two hours later he 
 timidly rang the bell at home. His father opened the door and received 
 him with a frown, saying: " What brought you back" The child re- 
 plied, very humbly : " I come to see if you still love your little Toto." 
 
 — At a dinner given by a parvenue, one of the guests remai^ked : 
 " I dined yesterday with a distinguished author, who entertained me 
 with an epigram." Mr. Shoddy turned to his cook, who entered the 
 dining-room at that moment, and said : "Do you hear that, you rascal ; 
 why have you never cooked that dish for me?" 
 
 — Browne told Smith he had been slapped in the face by an in- 
 solent stranger in a bar-room. "What? A blow!" cried Smith. 
 "The consequences must be serious." "You better believe it. My 
 jaws remained swollen for the whole week." 
 
 — The recorder said to a criminal: "What have you got to say 
 in your defense?" "Judge, as I have not bored you by employing 
 counsel, you ought to be lenient with your sentence." 
 
 — " Two hospital patients complained to the visiting surgeon, 
 one that his bowels were too loose, and the other that his were too 
 constipated, very well, said the doctor, "Make a compromise and 
 meet half way." 
 
 — A judge, somewhat noted for his love of the cup, said to a 
 drunkard: "This makes the eighth time you are before me for drunk- 
 enness." "Well, Judge, I only drink to forget, but you never forget 
 to drink." 
 
SCftNES AND SETTLERS OP ALABAMA. 67 
 
 — A beggar at the street corner cried out: "Please remember a 
 one-armed man," A passer, looking at him, said: "Why do you 
 call yourself one-armed, when you have both arms?" "Oh! sir, I 
 am representing, temporarily, my friend who has gone to his daugh- 
 ter's wedding." 
 
 — A man of low degree was suddenly made rich. Upon being 
 asked if he knew Mr. Smith, replied : " Not now ; I knew him before 
 I was known." 
 
 — "Pa, please give me money to buy a new umbrella." "What! 
 again; why don't you use your old one for fifteen years as I did." 
 " But, papa, you had yours repaired." " The repairs are not worth 
 mentioning — only twice ; new whalebones, one new silk cover and 
 three new handles." 
 
 — An old miser said to his son-in-law: " You don't know what 
 a treasure you have in my daughter ; she is such a miracle of economy 
 that she refused to have her ears bored." 
 
 — A poor tramp, without relations or friends, entered a large 
 fashionable variety store and said to the clerk: " I want to buy some- 
 thing elegant." "Please give me an idea of what you want." 
 " Never, sir ; I want something to surprise myself with as a birthday 
 present." 
 
 — An advertiser said to a marriage contractor: " Are you sure 
 the lady I am to marry is worth twenty thousand dollars?" " Yes, I 
 am quite sure — -and she has the galloping consumption in addition." 
 " But are you dead certain about this? " " Sir, I wish you to under- 
 stand our firm is honest, and we always guarantee our goods." 
 
 — A Sunday school-teacher asked a little girl from a vicious 
 neighborhood: "What kind of acid the neighbors made most use 
 of?" She quickly replied : "Vitriol." 
 
 — A school-teacher said to a class of young girls : "Learn to 
 suffer and be patient ; remember the passage of the Bible which tells 
 vou when stricken on one cheek to turn the other." A sprightly 
 little miss of fifteen cried out : " What must you do when your fellow 
 kisses you on one cheek?" 
 
 — ^ " See here," said Jim, reading the newspaper: "here's an-" 
 other dead whale drifted ashore on our coast." Then said Mary, 
 
68 SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 
 
 hesitatingly: "Jim, wouldn't this be a good time for you to buy me 
 a cheap whalebone corset?" 
 
 — " See here, Bill Sykes," said Cora, "you have been kissing 
 aiid hugging and fumbling about me long enough, for nothing; now, 
 from this time, I am going to put a tariff for protection on my goods. 
 So, hands off or a new sealskin sack." 
 
 — Jones said he had missed a splendid chance for a bargain at a 
 book auction, twenty-four volumes had sold for five dollars. " What 
 were the works called?" " They were called Complete Works." 
 
 — A Justice, after marrying a rustic couple, commenced to lec- 
 ture them on marital obligations, when suddenly closing the testa- 
 ment, he said: " You will soon learn the balance by practice." 
 
 — Smith and Jones were discussing the discipline of militia. 
 Smith said the problem of good discipline consists in good soldiers 
 and officers, and concluded by saying: " If soldiers without leaders 
 are no account, I say, unhesitatingly, that officers without soldiers 
 are not worth a continental." 
 
 — A mother remarked to her daughter: " Amelia, taking into 
 consideration that you are not yet married, youf intended assumes a 
 great deal of authority and seems to want more than you ought to 
 yield." "Now, mother, you just hold on — wait until after we are 
 made two in one, and I'll show him there's but one in two of us." 
 
 — Names of some of the Anarchist Clubs of Europe: "Land 
 and Liberty," "Revolutionary Arena," "The Spoils," "The 
 Famished Ghouls," " Nocturnal Shadows," " Fool Death." These 
 terms seem to seek something beyond human nature. 
 
 — A housekeeper said to her servant: " Jane, because you acci- 
 dentally found the key of the store-room, is not a sufficient excuse for 
 you to take as much sugar and coffee as you want without asking 
 permission." Jane indignantly replied: "It is your want of confi- 
 dence, shown by concealing your key, that induced me to help myself 
 whenever I found it." " But, Jane, before I hid the key, you did the 
 same thing." " Oh, then, I thought you left the pantry open ex- 
 pressly for me to help myself." 
 
 — A composer of a new play was asked if it paid. "If it was 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 69 
 
 not for the manager's stupidity, it would pay well ; he always select* 
 nights when there is no audience present for its performance." 
 
 — A good reason assigned for the numerous revolutions going on 
 in the world is — That p.eople, like invalids, grow weary of lying in one 
 position, and like to turn over in hopes of bettering their condition, j 
 
 — " Little big-headed Sis, seated next to her mother, sewing, 
 said : " Mama, why does papa stay away from home and paint pic- 
 tures all the time?" Loving wife: "Because poor papa has to try 
 to find work to feed you and little sister." " Is that the reason he 
 gets drunk all the time, and paints pictures on your face when he 
 comes home at night." 
 
 — But a short while back the English people expressed their 
 admiration for their Prime Minister Gladstone, by placing the initials 
 G. O. M., after his name, which stood for grand old man. But, 
 since the fall of Khartoum, they have reversed the letters thus: M. O. 
 G., murderer of Gordon. 
 
 — A lawyer said to his son: " Honesty alone is successful in our 
 profession. As a proof, a client, by mistake, overpaid me one 
 thousand dollars, whereupon I immediately eased my conscience by 
 dividing with my partner." 
 
 — A tailor, in presenting his bill for the fifth time to the Duke of 
 Castlefort, said: "I must positively have some money." "Why?" 
 said the Duke. " Because, I am sued." " Oh, you are sued ; well, 
 then, you must have debts." " Of course, I have debts." "Well, 
 if you have debts, why do you wish to deprive me of the same 
 privilege?" 
 
 — At a fancy dress ball of children, a little fellow, in soldier 
 clothes, and a young girl, beautifully dressed as a shepherdess, dodged 
 their mothers and took seats at a refreshment table, in imitation of 
 grown folks. The liltle soldier, full of self-importance, cried out: 
 " Here, you waiter, bring two glasses of sweetened water, and be 
 lively about it." 
 
 — The cook said to her young mistress who was entertaining 
 company in the parlor: "Missis, there's no onions for seasoning. '' 
 " Mary, when you need onions, why don't you go and get them with- 
 out bothering me?" " Do try to initiate yourself." " Well, missis, 
 where do they sell that seasoning?" 
 
WILLIAM YOUNG, 
 
 Correspondent and Reporter for the New York 
 
 Herald, with the Army of the Potomac, 
 
 during the war. 
 
 Died of starvation, self-inflicted, at 
 Mobile, September, 1885. 
 
 • 
 Here lies William Young, who, too proud to 
 beg, preferred to wage alone the battle of life. 
 The last friend of mankind— a dog, was missing 
 at his funeral. A street-wanderer with no other 
 refuge than God ; he died on a day propitious to 
 tramps, sewers and ducks, without hope, which 
 is but the dream of a shadow. 
 
SCENES AND SETTLERS OF ALABAMA. 7I 
 
 THE PROVIDENCE INFIRMARY, 
 
 justly called the Pride of Mobile, is located on high healthy ground, 
 on Broad street, immediately upon the line of the St. Francis-Street 
 Railroad, which passes its portals at all hours. 
 
 It is intended not only as an infirmary for the sick and weary- 
 laden of all classes and nations, where the best nursing and most able 
 medical attendance may be obtained, but also, and, in addition, as a 
 genuine substitute for the comforts and tenderest cares of a home and 
 family to the stranger and the homeless. 
 
 The grounds whereon these magnificent buildings rest, were 
 originally bought by a committee of charitable gentlemen on the i6th 
 day of August, 1854, for the Sisters of Charity of Emmettsburg, Md., 
 who first erected only a two-and-half-story brick building, which was 
 incorporated by act of Legislature before A. D. 1885 — since which this 
 structure has grown to its present splendid proportions, purely under 
 the prudent management, unremitting labor, self-sacrifices, and devo- 
 tion of the ministering Sisters who now guide and control its destinies. 
 
 For a more minute description of the capacities and purposes of 
 this institute, I quote a few comments from the letter of a visitor to 
 the Infirmary on the 13th day of March, 1876: 
 
 " The Sisters in charge keep this Infirmary fully up to the highest 
 standard. Beds, bed linen, floors, furniture, halls, rooms, every- 
 thing, from top to bottom, show such scrupulous cleanliness and such 
 tasty arrangement as cannot but yield undeniable testimony to the 
 presence and tender care of both refined and devoted women. 
 
 " But it is more in the treatment of patients — the long, weary, un- 
 recognized hours spent by their bedside, the word of comfort whis- 
 pered and hope instilled into faltering, fainting hearts, and the thous- 
 and and one other little tokens and cares which tend so adequately to 
 supply the absence of home, and the tenderness of kin, that illustrate 
 and crown with glory the efforts of these gentle women, who seek no 
 other reward than the approval of their own consciences. 
 
 " Providence Infirmary is intended to be, and is, self-sustaining. 
 Persons of all creeds are received at moderate charges, and have the 
 same attention as Catholics. There is no other religion here than 
 that of charity and love. Each patient may consult his own physician 
 and receive his own friends and counselors. The mission of these 
 women is to alleviate suffering, and minister to diseased minds, and 
 right royally do they fulfill their duties. I found here a non-Catholic 
 patient who, convalescing under their tender treatment, said to me: 
 ' Would that the glad tidings were heralded over the country that 
 such a place as this is in existence, where suffering humanity may and 
 does receive such unselfish attention and devotion.' " 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 GEO. ST. JOHN, 
 
 Pboprietor. 
 
 B. P. ARDOYNO, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 guimF city 
 
 FISH k OYSTER COMP'Y, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 FISHandOYSTERS 
 
 N. E. Corner Royal and Church Streets, 
 
 07sters in Barrels and Cans Hermetically Sealed. 
 FISH ITsT BA.IIRELS. 
 
 Fish and Oysters Delivered in the City 
 
 FREE OF CHARGE. 
 
 MR. PEUE LEMA has charge of our stalls in the market where will be 
 found the largest and best assortment of flsh in the city. 
 
 Goods Delivered Sundays Until 11 O'clock. 
 
 Country Orders solicited and promptly attended to. 
 
 P. O. Box 350. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 7J 
 
 CHAS. WASSmUTH, 
 
 ONLY MOBILE AGENT FOR 
 
 The Gerke Brewing Company 
 
 -AND DEALER IN- 
 
 Wines and Liquors. 
 NATIVE WINES AND CLARETS 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND. 
 
 East side Joachim, 2d north Conti street, 
 
 B. CORRAIiZSS, 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND IMPORTER OF 
 
 — AND DEALER IN — 
 
 Northeast corner Royal and St. Michael Sts., 
 
 METZGER BROS. 
 
 —EXCLUSIVE DEALERS IN— 
 
 HIDES, WOOL. FURS, BEESWAX, &o. 
 
 21 & 23 south Commerce and 20 & 22 south Front St, 
 
74 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 GULF CITY COAL AND WOOD CO., 
 
 JOHN O'DONNELL, PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER. 
 
 All Grades of ANTHRACITE and BITUMINOUS COAL 
 
 Sold at the lowest market prices. 
 PEACH ORCHARD, GRATE AND NUT SIZES, in lots to suit customers. 
 
 BLACK JACK, OAK, CANE ASH and LIGHTWOOD, constantly on hand. 
 Sole agents for the sale of the celebrated UNDERWOOD COAL. 
 J^'Families and hotels supplied on short notice. 
 
 '9 
 CHARLES P. FREDERIC, PROPRIETOR, 
 
 A Family Resort at the End of the 
 
 BAY SHELL ROAD. 
 
 This road is known all over the world to be one of the finest roads 
 and most beautiful drives in existence. Right at the end of the road, on 
 the bay shore and over the water, the buildings for the entertainment of 
 visitors are erected. Ball rooms, bar, bath houses, supper rooms, etc., 
 are of the best and liberally supplied with every comfort required. Mr. 
 Frederic's bar is as well stocked with choice liquors as any in town, and 
 he understands preparing very delicate little suppers at moderate prices. 
 South End is the reward of a six-mile drive which one must try to gain. 
 
 J. ImOWENTELAIm c£ GO'S 
 
 VARIETY STORE, 
 
 93 & 95 DAUPHIISr ST., 
 
 HATS, GENT'S FURNISHING GOOOS, LACES AND EMBROIDERIES, TOYS, 
 NOUVELLETTES, of every description. 
 
 Everything a person wants can be purchased here and at as low figures 
 as in New York. Mr. Lowenthal is a close buyer and liberal seller. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 75 
 
 TEE BITTLE HOOSE 
 
 Will open on or about the 25th of October, 1885, 
 
 Under the same successful management as last season. 
 
 This building is a huge structure, centrally located, on the corner of 
 Royal and St. Francis streets, direstly opposite the Post Office and Cus- 
 tom House, and midway between all the railroad depots and the steam- 
 boat landings. It was entirely renovated, repainted and refurnished a 
 few months ago, and contains all the conveniences and modern improve- 
 ments of the best and latest constructed hotels of New York, such as 
 elevators, incandescent lights in the parlors, dining rooms, halls, billiard, 
 bar and bath rooms. 
 
 It has accommodations for over six hundred guests, and its present 
 manager, Mr. C. D. Barnes, has had the experience of many years in the 
 business, which he has so successfully managed as to stand at the head 
 of his profession. 
 
 The Mobile market is the finest of the world, and Mr. Barnes is its 
 most liberal and unstinted patron. 
 
 The chief clerk, Clifton A. E. Merritt, is well and favorably known, 
 having been connected with the Metropolitan Hotel of New York. 
 
 Some one has said : " That every guest who leaves the Battle House 
 becomes a walking and talking advertisement of its merits. 
 
'j6 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 BUDOLPH BENZ, 
 
 Architect and Superintendent 
 
 Plans, Specifications for Public and Private Buildings, 
 
 Estimates and Bills of Ciuantities for all kinds of Stmcture Furnished. 
 
 Mr. Benz has fifteen years of experience as arcliitect. He is a 
 graduate of the Poly technical School of Stuttgart, Germany, and com- 
 bines science with practical conceptions of the most beautiful designs 
 and creations in his structures, when given carte blanche. He left his 
 mark in Chicago and St. Louis and New York in handsome buildings, 
 previous to his present location in Mobile, where he has lived for fifteen 
 years, during which, he has erected and designed many of our best 
 works. The Athelstan Masonic Club, McCoy's and Bush's residences on 
 Government street. Mobile Cotton Exchange, designed and superin- 
 tended; Collegiate Institute at Greenville, Ala., Dr. Ketchum's Drug 
 Store, Market and Engine House at Greenville, Ala., Court House at 
 Brewton, Court House at Quitman, Miss., are some of his designs and 
 works, while many others are engaged and specifications furnished. 
 
 The public in securing Mr. Benz's services, will find that, in addi- 
 tion to science of the highest order, they will have the pleasure of deal- 
 ing with a gentleman. 
 
 M. T. 8PEAGUE & CO, 
 
 DRUGS, CHEMICALS, 
 
 Spices, Sodas, Peppers, Oils and Paints, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 Trusses, Surgical Instruments, Landreth's Garden Seed, &c., 
 
 No. 76 DAUPHIN STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Myron Sprague commenced as drug clerk to the old and reliable 
 firm of George Coster & Co. during the terrible epidemic of 1853. Since 
 then, by close application and efficiency, he stands at the head of one of 
 the largest Drug and Seed establishments in the South. His fair dealing, 
 knowledge of the business and promptness in filling orders, has received 
 one of the largest country trades of the State. All orders sent to his 
 firm will be attended to as well as if the purchaser was present in person. 
 We cordially commend the house of M. T. Sprague & Co. to the public. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 71 
 
 FRENCH 
 
 WIN[ COCIi. 
 
 Tlip ronaiieror of disease, promotes health and longevity, cnres and prevents Neural- 
 gia NervoSsf Wakef iliiess Hysterics. Hvpocliondria, loss of Appetite, dyspepsia, Blues 
 f'mUStion ITveV Con aint Kidney Disekies. Mental and Physical Depress on (general 
 feoi'i^s Debil tv MusXr^U^^^^ It gives power to the hraiii and ^trengt i to the en- 
 tirpiie rvmis svstein flrinness and elasticity to the muscles and richness to the b ood. Ex- 
 hihuates^'the mind^^ life/brings health and joy to the afflicted with mental 
 or physical exhaustion. 
 
 O O O ^9l. -V^T I 2\r E3 
 
 i« a flpliffhtful tonic and permanent invigorator. Kenews the vigor of youth to the old 
 and feeWe emlSl !^^^^^^ lay the most eminent medical men. Coca regu- 
 
 fates the bowels liver and kidneys to perfection, and is a " boon to suffering humanity." 
 One trldvv'iUconVicrthe skeptical Thousands have been restored to health and happi- 
 ness The greaeTbTessnir^^^^^^^ old and teeble. As agreeable to take as a glass of fine 
 sherry wine" and cure's rapTdly. Read pamphlet on the ^Ii>"''"^'' e^^itj^j.^f/'^g^f ^'^'^ 
 Tamiana and coca Wine. gnie^PronfiV.t trs^ifd Ma.uigers^At^^^^^^^ 
 
 oTvanjaitfTWERP, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND BETAIL DEALEE IN 
 
 Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, &c., 
 
 S. W. Corner Royal and Dauphin Streets, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Fresh Garden Seeds a Specialty. 
 
 Mr. VtanAawerp, the scucessor of George Coster, was for many years 
 
 associated with that firm in the drug business. He is scientific 
 
 and reliable druggist, whose reputation for accuracy in 
 
 precriptions is well sustained. 
 
7S A.&VfiRTISEMKNTrs. 
 
 H, M. Feirnd, President. Thos. Barclay, Secretary. 
 
 THE MOBILE 
 
 LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 
 OF mobile:, ^la. 
 
 INCOBPOKATED 1871. 
 
 ASSETS OVEE S600,000. 
 
 THE SCIENTIFIC DAUBERS, 
 CHAUDROIff iSk LUSGHBR, 
 
 HOUSE, SIGN AND DECORATIVE PAINTERS, 
 PAPER HANGERS, and PAINTERS' SUPPLIES, 
 
 HAVE TAKEN A NEW DEPARTURE. 
 
 Appreciating the wants, and submitting to the demands of our 
 numerous customers, we will in future keep on hand a full supply of 
 
 A\^A^LL PAPiiRS, 
 
 and having secured the services of a First-Class Paper Hanoer, are 
 prepared to contract for all work in that line. 
 
 As in the past, in our General Painting Business, we will adhere 
 strictly to ARTISTIC AND FIRST-CLASS WORK. 
 
 We wish to thank our many friends and patrons for their kind atten- 
 tion and confidence given us in our past dealings. Respectfully, etc., 
 
 GHAUDBON & LUSCHEB, 
 
 40 OAUrMIN (STREET. 
 
 McDonald, march & co., 
 
 AND manufacturers OF 
 
 MONUMENTS, TOMBS, GRAVESTONES, 
 
 MANTELS, &c., 
 
 Terms Cash.— All work warranted as represented. 
 
 Royal street, east side, bet. St. Louis and St. Anthony, 
 
 Mobile, Ala. 
 
AttVfiRtiSEMENTS. 79 
 
 Vff. B. VAII«, 
 
 Grocer AND Importer. 
 
 Established 1846. 
 
 Nos. 70 and 72 DAUPHIN STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 AGENT FOR 
 
 CELEBRATED BUDWEISER BEER, 
 
 Seignomette et Frere's CLARETS and WHITE WINES, 
 
 PETER OAKES' CELEBRATED CANDIES. 
 
 THE LARGEST STOCK OF 
 
 FINE OLD WINES AND LHjUORS AND TABLE DELICACIES 
 
 TO BE FOUND IN THE STATE. 
 
 Both Mr. Vail and his groceries deserve all the immense patronage 
 which they receive from botli the city and country. 
 
 A fresh and constantly renewing stock of the costliest and finest 
 delicacies of the world are kept coming and going. These delicacies are 
 imported directly from the first manufacturers of Europe and the world, 
 and are sold for just what they are. When you ask for a getiuine article 
 you are sure to get it. No imitation is ever permitted to be palmed off 
 on a purchaser. This is specially the case in the fine wines and liquors 
 imported by Mr. Vail. Wnen either the proprietor or his efficient staff 
 tell you that a wine or liquor is of such a brand, you may rest assured of 
 their statement. This is certainly a high recommendation, when decep- 
 tions are so easily and often practiced without detection. 
 
 This firm deserves all the patronage it receives. 
 
8o ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 BILLING'S SALOON 
 
 Uo. 15 Royal Street, 
 
 This is without exception the best patronized drinking saloon in 
 Mobile, and deservedly so. Charley perfectly understands how to please 
 competent judges of good liquors and wines. He is a judge himself, and 
 both knowingly and liberally buys only the best, and in such large 
 quantities as to give time an opportunity to mellow his liquors before 
 they are consumed. There is a 
 
 Comfortable Sitting Room 
 
 in the rear of the bar where his guests may not only pleasantly and com- 
 fortably indulge in the cheerful cup, but where they may, at the same 
 time, amuse themselves with various games, or transact the ordinary 
 business of the day. In fact, this is a kind of exchange room where you 
 may meet at certain times during the day most of the business men of 
 the town. 
 
 Strange to say that, although this is a bar-room, the utmost order 
 and courtesy prevail between the guests and the proprietor and his gen- 
 tlemanly assistants. This fact is a voucher both for the management 
 and its patrons. 
 
 OO TO CH-A.R LEY'S 
 
 If You Want Good Liquors Mixed Willi Good Service. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Si 
 
 J. B. PIDAL, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 G I G A R S ^"^---^"-^ TOBACCO, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■\ 
 
 
 
 
 i^V^^^^pgg] 
 
 g^^^^V 
 
 
 
 ]^f^^^-M 
 
 '^*'*'''^ ^Tk 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 #'' '^a 
 
 j|]^Sfefc ^v 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 S^^^Il^k^^skWm^ vjSH^ ^ 
 
 
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 f ^s 
 
 gs-^ 
 
 r^^^y^^ 
 
 1 
 
 HBB^^^Bh^^^^^^^^HBsQJS^} 
 
 A FULL ASSORTMENT OF THE 
 
 a?- ox Gt j^ 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND, ESPECIALLY OF 
 HAVANA FILLERS. 
 
 No. 9 N. Royal Street, MOBILE, ALA 
 
82 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 The Mammoth Dry Goods Store of Mobile. 
 L. HAMMEL & CO., 
 
 Nos 37, 41 and 43 Dauphin Street, 
 
 Wholesale awd Retail Dealers in 
 
 AMERICAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH 
 
 THE LARGEST STOCK. THE BEST VARIETY. 
 
 Send for samples and prices. 
 
 JOHN A. NICHOLAS & CO., 
 
 Wheelright, General Blacksmithing, Horse Shoeing 
 
 AND JOBBING WORK DONE. 
 
 All orders promptly attended to at reasonable prices. 
 No. 61 WATER STREET, 
 
 Cor. Smith's Alley. 
 
 FEED. HALL, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 N. W. Cor. Royal and St. Michael Sts.. 
 
 Mr. Hall has been in this business for many years, not only supply- 
 ing a large city trade, but also the public buildings belonging to the 
 United States, who have given him the preference on account of his good 
 faith and the excellent quality of his coal. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 83 
 
 JOHN MANDICH, 
 
 LODGINGS :^RESTAURANT, 
 
 No. 26 ROYAL STREET, 
 Grood Fare and. Comfortable R,ooms 
 
 TO BE HAD AT ALL HOURS. 
 
 This is one of the oldest and best eating houses in the city. 
 
 H. HAENY & SON, 
 BARBBRS and HAIR GUTTBRS^ 
 
 XJNDER THE BATTLE HOUSE. 
 
 This saloon is nicely furnished and conveniently located on the south 
 side of the front entrance to the Battle House. The bath rooms are under 
 their charge, and are kept clean and always ready. 
 
 Everything here is both well and courteously done. 
 
 LOUIS MONNIN, 
 BUILDER AND MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Doors, Blinds and Sashes^ 
 
 MANUFACTORY at the N. W. cor. Augusta and Royal Streets. 
 
 EESIDENCE-No. 222 DAUPHIN STREET. 
 Mr. Monnin is well known, both for ability and reliability. 
 
§4 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 HY6EIA HOTEL, 
 
 CITRONELLE, MOBILE COUNTY, ALA. 
 
 The Pioneer WINTER AND HEALTH RESORT of Alabama. 
 
 ALTITUDE 360 FEET. 
 
 DRY, SANDY SOIL. PURE, DRY ATMOSPHERE. PURE SPRING 
 
 WATER. BUILDINGS IN PINE GROVE. FIRST-CLASS 
 
 ACCOMMODATIONS. 
 
 $2.00 to $2.50 per Day. $10.00 to $15.00 per Week. 
 
 Descriptive Circular sent on application. 
 DR. J. O. MICHAEL, Proprietor. 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Clothing and Gent's Furnishing Goods, 
 
 Cor. ROYAL AND DAUPHIIV STIiEEXS, 
 
 Mr. Pincus carries one of the largest and finest stocks of clothing in 
 the city. He has been in the business for many years and possesses the 
 confidence of all buyers. 
 
 JAiaHS F. SMART, 
 
 Suppljes Ships, Steamboats and Families all over the City. 
 
 ORDERS DELIVERED FREE OF CHARGE. 
 
 This gentleman ia Wf H named— SMART— it t£j,Iies a Smarter to beat him 
 
 in his line. 
 
ADVERTISSMKNTS. 85 
 
 PAUL GILARDONI, 
 
 PROPBIRTOR OF THE 
 
 Meictianls' Exchange Saloon 
 
 AND 
 
 16 Daupbin St., Mobile, Ala. 
 
 Keeps the finest stock o! Wines, Liquors and 
 
 Cigars in the city. Meals served in 
 
 first-ciass style. 
 
 Depot of Buckingham Whiskies. 
 
 RUBY HOTEL 
 Saloon and Restaurant, 
 
 H. D. LONG, Proprietor, 
 
 MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 DAN. STIRLING, 
 
 PhcBnix Shaving I Hair-Dressing Saloon, 
 
 And the only place in the city where 
 
 PtA.ILR.OJLID TIOKZETS 
 
 Are exchanged, bought and sold, 
 
 13 N. Royal St., opp. Battle House, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
86, ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 A CHANCE TO PURCHASE, AT A LOW FIGURE, 
 
 ABOUT 2,000 ACRES LAND, 
 
 . SUITABLE FOR 
 
 VEGETABLE TRUCK FARM. 
 
 ABOUT 640 ACRES 
 
 CYPRESS TIMBER LAND. 
 
 Four Miles Good Oyster Beds, 
 
 PA.RTIA.LLY 
 
 PLANTED IN OYSTERS, 
 
 OWNED BY 
 
 MOBILE, ^T^A. 
 
 ESPALLA & HAYNIE, Agents. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 87 
 
 SAM. D. BLOCH, 
 
 Buggies, Phaetons, Spring and Farm Wagons, 
 
 Children's Carriages, Harness and Saddlery. 
 
 IsTO. S KT O PI X H "W".A.TEIl S T H E E T , 
 
 COR. EXCHANGE ALLEY. 
 
 Sole agency Celebrated Studebaker Wagon. MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 HOME INDUSTRY FOUITDHY, 
 
 S. E. Cor. Water and State Streets, Mobile, Ala. 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Engines, Boilers, Mills and all ©ther Machinery, 
 
 Steam and Water Pipe Fittings, Brass and Iron Castings of all kinds, Light 
 and Heavy forgings, iron Railing, Cemetery Fences, Verandahs, 
 Office Railing, Fronts, Doors, Shutters, Etc. 
 Prompt attention given to repairing. All Country Orders promptly 
 attended to. GEO. C. HYATT, Foreman. 
 
 PRESS SALOON, 
 
 No. 37 NORTH ROYAL STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 1A7INEIS, LIQUORS and CIGARS, 
 
 COOL LAGER BEER A SPECIALTY. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 MAKUFAOTUEER OF 
 
 Mineral and Soda Waters, 
 
 Franklin, tet. Dauphin and St. Francis Sts. 
 
 FOUNTAINS CHARGED WITH DISPATCH. 
 
 AND WARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTION. 
 
 E. GABBE & BBO. 
 
 • 
 MANUFAOTUR OF 
 
 Mineral and Soda Waters, 
 
 MER.IDIA.N, MISS. 
 
 FOUNTAINS CHARGED WITH DISPATCH, 
 
 AND WARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTION. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 89 
 
 J.. E. HOOPER, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 PACKER AND SHIPPER OF 
 
 FISH. OYSTERS 
 
 .^]Nri> 
 
 G^JL^ 
 
 Nos. 10, 12 AND 18 CONTI STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 This young gentleman is well and favorably known all over the 
 South. 
 
 All orders addressed to him for anything in his line will be promptly 
 and reliably filled. 
 
 J. E. Hooper is a judge of good things, having been raised upon them, 
 and his customers can rest assured they will have the full benefit of his 
 knowledge in these matters. 
 
 In fact, he is not at all sZ/el/fish about it. Give Jack a call. 
 
9© ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Have You seen the New High Arm 
 
 SIHSrOEK, SEWinSTG!- I^A-OKEIlSrE, 
 
 It is VERY LIGHT RUNNING and makes the finest stitch of any 
 
 Machine. 
 
 CALL, EXAMINE AND BE CONVINCED. 
 
 Singer needles, 15 cents per dozen ; two dozen for 25 G^nts. Shuttles, 
 25 cents. Oil, 5 cents per bottle. Postage extra. 
 
 mcrall's Bazaar Patterns. 
 THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 
 67 OAU*»HIM STKECX, OTOBIL.E, AL.A. 
 
 IV. CRA.NE:, Manager. 
 
 W. N. HITOHCOCK, 
 
 Ship Chandler and Grocer, 
 
 Cordage, Canvas, Blocks, Oars, Oakum, Pitch, 
 
 PAINTS, TAR AND OILS. 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES FOR STEAM AND SAILING VESSELS. 
 
 SOUTH COMMERCE STREET, 
 
 JAS. VITORTHIIVrGTOn^ 
 
 —WHOLESALE AND RETAIL— 
 
 — C3r H O O E3 1=1. — 
 
 Southwest corner Conception and Palmetto Sts. 
 -DEALER IN— 
 
 FINE WINES, BEER and LIQUORS. 
 
 This is one of the most Popular Grocers in town, and has a very large 
 trade, both of country and city. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 9 1 
 
 MOBILE CIGAR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 
 B. FROHLICHSTEIN & CO., 
 
 I»ROE»RIEXOrtS, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 HAVANA AND DOMESTIC CIGARS, 
 
 No. 9 South Water Street, 
 
 CUBAN HANDWORK. MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 ^J^" In calling attention to the card of the Mobile Cigar Factory, 
 B. Frohlichstein & Co., Proprietors, we do so with pride, not only having 
 the largest capacity in the State, but for the general satisfaction given 
 by the excellent quality of cigar they manufacture. Among which we 
 call attention to a few of their leading brands: "Our Greatest Key 
 West King," "ElMehjor," Florida Perfection," "No. 55," "No. 21,'' 
 "First Prize," "Fidelia Club," &c., and can recommend them to con- 
 sumers of the weed. 
 
 CHRIS. SMITH'S BANK SALo6lNl7 
 
 NORTHWEST CORNER CONTI AND ROYAL STREETS. 
 
 L. H GREEN & CO,, 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 OYSTER W PACKERS. 
 
 EARLY VEGETABLES A SPECIALTY. 
 48 SOUTH WATER ST., Iv^OBILE, -A.I.A.. 
 
92 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 GEO. F. WEKBOBN, 
 FURNITURE, 
 
 INTERIOR DECORATION, 
 
 0-A.PtFETI3SrC3-, 
 
 Nos. 143 and 145 Dauphin Street, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 ANGELO ARATA, 
 
 VKRY CHOICE 
 
 FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LIQUORS. 
 
 FINE BRANDS OP CIGARS AND TOBACCOS. 
 
 Fresh Beer on Ice. 
 
 OOLD LXJITOHES. 
 PIES AND CAKES ALWAYS ON HAND. 
 
 No. 64 North Commerce Street, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Established 1854. 
 
 PETER BROWN, 
 Carpenter and Cabinet- Maker, 
 
 STEAM FACTORY : Nos. 12 and 14 ContI Street, 
 
 ]m:oi5iil.e:, ala. 
 
 Scroll Sawing and Turning. Dealer in Walnut and Mahogany Lumber. 
 
 Bar, Office and Store Fictures a specialty. Billiard Tables reduced to 
 
 any size. Designs in Cabinet-Making unsurpassed by any one else. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 93 
 
 CARROL STEWART has a good thing and he wants the 
 public to know it. 
 
 A New fieslaufaot in the Finest Building of tlie City, 
 
 The Old Bank of Mobile, Cor. Royal and Conti Sts., 
 
 Centrally located between all Railroad Stations and Steam- 
 Boat Landings, opposite the Mobile Theatre, 
 
 IS WHAT HE OFFERS TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 Everything in and about these spacious eating rooms are new except 
 the proprietor, who is old in the art and science of cookery and elegant 
 service. 
 
 If the writer knows anything, he knows good cooking, and when he 
 honestly tells the people and strangers they can have it here, in the best 
 style and variety and served oy avery courteous caterer, they will believe 
 him enough to go and see for themselves, and when they come away 
 each man will be Cal.'s best advertiser. 
 
 Even well prepared viands loose relish when served in a dingy, bad 
 smelling eating room. This is entirely avoided here, for it is the nicest 
 and freshest dining room to be found in either Mobile or New Orleans. 
 
 i^-CAL. AIN'T AFRAID TO ADVERTISE EITHER. -^ 
 
94 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Williams & Glennon, 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agents, 
 
 ADCTIONEERS AND BROKERS, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN -^- 
 
 Money^ Stochs and Bonds^ 
 
 60 ST. FRANCIS STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 HENRY DEHLER, 
 
 Successor to J. C. Gwin, 
 
 BROOM FACTORY. 
 
 All Kinds of Brooms made to Order and Fully Guaranteed. 
 No. 10 ST. LOUIS STREET, 
 
 A. A. VOSS, 
 
 Only BONDED INSPECTOR and GUA&ER of 
 
 Turpentine, Rosin ^^^ Naval Stores, 
 
 OFFICE-19 SOUTH COMMERCE STREET, 
 UP STAIRS, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 95 
 
 LIVERY STABLES. 
 
 Nos. 43 & 45 North Royal Street, 
 
 NEXT TO THE THEATRE, 
 
 Will, upon orders left either at their Stables or at the Baggage Transfer 
 Office at the Battle House, furnish 
 
 TOURISTS AND STRANGERS 
 
 With first-class TUENOUTS, either SINGLE or DOUBLE, with polite 
 
 and careful drivers. 
 
 TERMS MODERATE. ORDERS SOLICITED. 
 
 Mobile Baggage Transfer Company, 
 
 OFFICE UNDER THE BATTLE HOUSE, 
 
 TRANSFERS PASSENGERS OR BAGGAGE TO AND FROM 
 TRAINS AND STEAMBOATS, 
 
 Omnibus and Baggage Wagons sent for passengers and baggage at 
 all hours upon orders left either at the office of the Company, or at Alba 
 & Carmelich's Livery Stables, next to the Mobile Theatre. 
 
 BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH TO ALL POINTS. 
 
96 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 MRS. L C. BARNES, 
 
 Successor to the late Chauncy Bahness, 
 
 Photogragh and Fine Art Gallery, 
 
 — COPYING DONE IN ANY STYLE OR FINISH — 
 
 PLAIN INDIA INK, PASTEL, CRAYON AND OIL. 
 
 LOWEST PRICES GUARANTEED. 
 
 85 Dauphin Street, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 The late Chauncy Barnes was a pupil of Prof. Morse, the great Elec- 
 trician, and of Prof. Avery, of Hamilton College, New York. 
 
 Mr. P. P. Paul, from the Washburne Gallery, New Orleans, whose 
 knowledge of this science excels any other artist in the South, is at the 
 head of the establishment. 
 
 The Art Gallery was especially constructed to facilitate work in the 
 finer branches of art. 
 
 J^~ The public are invited to call and examine our specimens. "^ 
 
 MEYER'S SALOON, 
 
 The Coolest Anheuser Beer and Finest Wines, Liquors 
 
 And Cigars in the City. 
 JOS. JOSSEIV, r»r-opriei:or. 
 
 Nos. 4 and 6 ST. EMANUEL STEEET, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 YOUNG & CO., 
 
 PLUMBERS AND GAS-FITTERS, 
 
 PROMPT ATTENTION. GOOD WORK. 
 
 REASONABLE PRICES. 
 
 No. 40 NOR-TH ROYAL SXREESX, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 DEALER IN FAMavTANCY GROCERIES, 
 
 'Wines, Xjioiuiors a^nci Oi^ftx-s, 
 
 HAY, CORN, OATS, BRAN AND COUON SEED MEAL. 
 
 MEATS. 
 
 Ferrice's Hams, 
 Ferrice's Breakfast Bacon, 
 Ferrice's Mild Cured Sides, 
 Magnolia Hams, 
 California Hams, 
 Sugar-Cured Shoulders, 
 Bacon Shoulders, 
 Dry Shoulders, 
 Kosher Sausage, 
 Kosher Beef, 
 Pork Sausage, 
 Bologna Sausage, 
 Pickled Beef, 
 
 &c., &c. 
 
 A full assortment of 
 
 CANNED GOODS, 
 
 and of the best brands. 
 
 BUTTER. 
 
 Special attention is called to our 
 
 FRESH JERSEY BUTTER, 
 
 from W.B. Montgomery's farm, and 
 
 A. & M. College Creamery, 
 
 Starkville, Miss., 
 
 AND BEST ELGIUM CREAMERY. 
 
 Also— To our variety of 
 
 JELLIES AND PRESERVES, 
 
 especially those we sell by the 
 
 pound. 
 
 LA. SYRUPS and MOLASSES. 
 
 CEREALS. 
 
 Best brands of 
 Flour, Oat Meal, 
 
 Barley, Cracked Wheat, 
 
 Wheaten Grits, Farina, 
 Pearl Sago, Tapioca, &c. 
 
 A SUPERIOR QUALITY OF COFFEE, BLACK AND GREEN TEAS. 
 
 ROASTED COFFEE A SPECIALTY, 
 GIVE US A CALL. 
 
 S. E. COR. DAUPHIN AND CLAIBORNE STS., MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Goods delivered in any part of city, free of charge. 
 
98 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 JAS. ^W".^A.NiELL & CO., 
 
 THE FAMOUS 
 
 School Books, Stationery, Toys and General Variety Goods, 
 114 and 116 3D AXJPETIN ST. 
 
 There is no establishineiit in Mobile nioi-e widely known th;in tliat of J AS. W. DANIELF. 
 & CO. It is a houseliold word, and is associated by tlie little lolks willi Kris-Krinkle and 
 Santa Claus. Tlie toys, wares and fancy articles in wliicli tbis tirni deals have made many a 
 bright eye grow brighter, and tilled countless homes with a wealth of sunshine. 
 
 A full line of imported and domestic goods, a variety of Dolls, Vases, Albums, Plated 
 Ware, Brackets, Picture Frames, Chromos, Hammocks, Children's Carriages, Crocjuet, 
 Base Balls, Notions and Fancy Goods of every description are always kept on hand to suit 
 the trade. In the whole range of Toys, Faiicy Goods. Notions and Sundries, it would be 
 difficult to name an article not procurable here. Prices are very reasonable, while the 
 character of their goods is first-class, and just what they are represented to be. Customers 
 are served with the utmost courtesy and attention, and visitors are always welcome. 
 
 ^r- PIANOS AND ORGANS A SPtK'IALTY. 
 
 E. L. C^AHALL, 
 BELL-HANGER and LOCKSMITH, 
 
 AND DEALEE IN 
 
 Electric Hotel Annunciators and House Bells. 
 
 No. 146 DAUPHIN St., Mobile, Ala. 
 
 I am prepared to fit up Hotels and Dwellings with the new Electric Bells at prices as low 
 as can be done North or South. Orders solicited from everywhere. 
 
 CHOSBY & HARRIS, 
 CHEAP GROCERY HOUSE, 
 
 GEOCEEIES RETAILED AT 
 
 ^WHOLESA-LE PRICES 
 
 Southwest Corner Conception and Dauphin Streets. 
 
 VESABLE 8u heymaS, ^ 
 importers and distillers, 
 
 The Only Distillers of the Suckingham Whiskey, and defy competition 
 as to Purity of their Liquors. 
 
 B, lu. aioGllVlVIlS .AGENT FOK SOUTHERN STATES. 
 
 SOLE AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA for Messrs. Alphonse Dupin 
 & Cie., Cognac, Fr.ance, Champagne Cognac ; Messrs. Bertal & Martin Freres, Bordeaux, 
 France, Clarets and Sauternes ; Mess, Meyer & Cohlenz IMngen, a Kh., Rhine and Moselle 
 Wines; R. C. Ivison. Xerez de la Frontera, Spain, Gotas de Oro Sherries; Mess. Silva & 
 Cosens, Oporto, Portugal, for their celebrated Dow Ports; Mess. John de Kuyper & Zoon, 
 Rotterdam, White Fawn (iin; Mess. Wm. H. Chaplin & Co., London, London Dock Jamaica 
 Rums; Johannisbruunen, Nassau, Germany, Natural Mineral Waters. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 99 
 
 NEW ORLEANS BOOT AND SHOE 
 MANUFACTORY, 
 
 No. 22 DEXTHIR iL VENUE, 
 MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 
 BOOTS aDl SHOES MaJe to Order at New Orleans Prices. 
 
 All Uoods ^Varranted as Represented. 
 
 YUNG'S, 
 
 ThG Best RGStaurant 
 
 Open Day and Night. 
 
 iiHPmiiiisipmiits, 
 
 D. FLBMinCr^ Proprietor^ 
 MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 
 THE WHITE STAR TOWING COMPANY, 
 
 OF MOBILE, ALA., 
 
 W. C. SPOTS^A^OOD, Manager, 
 
 OFFICE: No. 4 NORTH COMMERCE STREET, Up Stairs. 
 JAS. A, WRIGHT, COL. R. INGALL8, DAISY. 
 
 (^"Orders for towing vessels or timber promptly attended to, at reasonable rates. 
 L.ofC. 
 
lOO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 inrASHINGTON 
 
 Fire and Marine Insurance Co. 
 
 Capital and Surplus - $150^000. 
 
 OFFICERS : 
 
 LOUIS TOUART, President. JOHN H. HIGLEY, Secretary. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 
 
 Jas. McDonnell, John Bowen, J. B. Davis, 
 
 P. C. Hannan^ C. G. Richaeds, G. L. Hopkins, 
 
 Louis Touakt, Jno. H. Higley, P. Bukke. 
 
 Mercantile Insurance Co., 
 
 O.A.JPITA.1^, - #100,000. 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 H, M. Friend, Pres't. J. B. Davis, Vice Pres't. Jno. H. Higley, Sec'y. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 
 
 H. M. Friend, J. B. Davis, F. J. McCoy, 
 
 G. L. Hopkins, P. C. Hannan, Caleb Toxey, 
 
 L. C. Fry, Jno, H. Higley, D. R. Burgess. 
 
 Applications for fire insurance solicited for the above Companies. 
 
 In making applications for insurance give standing of applicant, 
 diagram of risk with exposures, occupancy of entire building, value of 
 the property, amount of incumbrance (if any), names of the Companies 
 on the risk and amounts they carry, Board rate (if any), and any other in- 
 formation you have regarding the risk. 
 
 Send forms with applications. 
 
 JNO. H. HIGLEY, Secretary, 
 
 42 'St. Francis Street, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 101 
 
 CiLiaPBEXiIi HOUSE, 
 
 MRS. W. C. STRIBLING, Proprietress. 
 CONTI STREET, BETWEEN ROYAL AND WATER STREETS, 
 
 BOARD BY THE DAY, WEEK OR MONTH. 
 NEW FURNITURE AND BEDDING IN EVERY ROOM. 
 
 THIS E07SE iS CONVENIENT TO THE BAILSOAD SEFOT, THEATBE AND CEUBCHES. 
 
 Col. W. C. Stribling was a member of the legislature from Washington 
 Co., and is favorably known all through the State. The card of Mrs. 
 Stribling, his wife, as proprietress of the Campbell House, will be 
 sufficient to induce their many and numerous friends to give them a call. 
 
 J. HO WL ANdTjR., 
 
 -A. XJ O T I <3 KT E: £3 FL 
 
 AND 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGENT, 
 
 No. 20 ST. MICHAEL STREET, 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Persons having Eeal Estate or Personal Property for sale privately or at 
 auction will do well to see me before making other arrangements, 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 
 
 THOS. P. MILLER & GO,, 
 
 BANKERS, 
 
 DEAW BILLS ON NEW YOKK, ON NEW ORLEANS, ON ST. 
 
 LOUIS, ON PARIS AND THE PRINCIPAL CITIES 
 
 OF EUROPE. 
 
 BUY AND SELL UNITED STATES, STATE AND CITY BONDS. 
 
 COLLECTIONS MADE ON ALL POINTS. 
 
 DISCOUNT FIRST-CLASS BUSINESS PAPER. 
 
 RECEIVE MONEY ON DEPOSIT SUBJECT TO CHECK. 
 
 INTEREST PAID ON SPECIAL TIME DEPOSITS. 
 
102 ADVERtlSfiMENTS. 
 
 -INCORPORATED 1866. 
 
 MOBILE MUTUAL 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 
 OF MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Home Office, 26 St. Michael Street. 
 
 Cash Capital, $125,00 00 
 
 Surplus, June 30, 1885, 23.161 25 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS : 
 
 W. H. GARDNER, T. T. TYREE, 
 
 E. S. FERRYMAN, R. MOORE, 
 
 T. S. INGERSOLL, J. W. WHITING, 
 
 B. KAHN. 
 
 W. H. GARDNER, President. F. L. GLOVER, Secretary. 
 
 R INGE SMITH, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law, 
 
 OFFICE: No. 40 NORTH ROYAL STREET. 
 
 SOUTHEAST OOENEE EOYAL AND GOVERNMENT STREETS, 
 Opposite Court House, and only two sciuares distant from all the 
 
 Railroad depots. 
 
 PLEASANT ROOMS AND WELL FURNISHED TABLE. 
 
 Board $1.50 to $2. GO per diem. 
 
 GUESTS CAN FII>II> HER£ ALL, THE COMFORTS OF HOOTE. 
 
 MRS. A. GETS, Proprietress. 
 
Am^ERTlSfiMfiNTS. 
 
 101 
 
 Mobile Hair and Millinery Store, 
 
 No. 99 DAUPHIN STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Mrs. El. QUII^riVr^ Proprietress. 
 
 Zephyr Worsted and Java Canvas on hand. 
 
 Fullest satisfaction guaranteed. 
 
 MAISON FRANCAISE, 
 
 MME. VIRGINIE LAMBERT, 
 
 3^TO. ISO ID^A-TJIPJEillsr STItEET, 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
104 ADVteRttSKMJENtS. 
 
 ST. FRANCIS REFECTORY, 
 
 No. 52 ST FRANCIS STREET, 
 
 (Next floor east of L. & N. R. R. Oflioe.j 
 
 HOT AND COLD LUNCHES SERVED AT ALL HOURS, 
 
 For both Ladies and Gentlemen. 
 
 AL.L. DEIilCACIES MAY BE FOUND HERE. 
 
 Both strangers and citizens are invited to give a trial to this excellent 
 refreshment saloon, which is under the management of an accomplished 
 and experienced lady. Charges are moderate and service unexcelled. 
 
 The Modern Dyeing and Scouring Establishment. 
 
 FERNAND S. FREDERIC, 
 
 358 r>A.UP»HIlV STREET, IWrOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Liadies', Oents' and Children's Clothes cleaned by the chemical Dry 
 Process Tirithout taking' to pieces, and warranted not to shrink. 
 
 Feathers bleached, dyed and curled. Parasols cleaned and dyed. Silks, Velvets, fine Laces, 
 
 Lace Curtains, Cashmeres, Blankets, etc. Odorless Glove cleaning by a new 
 
 and special process. Dyes warranted fast. 
 
 1^" All city or country work entrusted to me will receive careful and prompt attention. "=©11 
 
 PAUIi RAVSSIKS, 
 
 UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER, 
 
 -AND- 
 
 OFFICE-THIRD STORY OF THE CUSTOM HOUSE, 
 
 Southwest Corner. 
 
 JAKE MEYER 
 
 THE HATTER, 
 
 SOUTHEAST CORNER ROYAL AND DAUPHIN STS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. I05 
 
 THOS- WAGNER, 
 
 PRACTICAL PLUMBER AND GAS FITTER. 
 
 GOOD WORK AND REASONABLE PRICES. 
 
 PROMPT ATTENTION. 
 No. 39 ROYAL STREET, NEXT TO THEATRE 
 
 GO TO TONSMEIRE'S. 
 
 OW estalsM Grocer and Importer. 
 
 You ^vill find an entire new stock of Groceries and 
 
 Canned Goods for sale. 
 
 No. ISO DAUPHIN STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 RAILROAD EXCHANGE, 
 
 No. 44 COMMERCE STREET, 
 PAUL ARATA, Proprietor. 
 
 — IMPORTER OF— 
 —AND DEALER IN — 
 
 BEER AND CIDER ON ICE. 
 
 PAUL ARATA, 
 
 NORTHWEST CORNER OF ROYAL AND ADAMS STREETS. 
 
 — IMPOKTER OF— 
 —AND DEALER IN— 
 
 BEER AND CIDER ON ICE. 
 
lo6 AfiVEftTISfiMfiMTSi 
 
 2Sj^I:>E3ZS. C&3 <DO'9 
 
 DEALERS AND IMPORTERS OF DIAMONDS, 
 
 WATCHES, CLOCKS, FINE JEWELRY. . 
 
 Opera Glasses, Sterling Silverware, Spectacles and Fancy Novelties. 
 
 Chronftmeters cleased, repaired and rated. Rate: ascertained \y transit. Fane; CroclEcryTrare a specialty. 
 
 This is the oldest and best known firm in the South. Mr. Zadek, the 
 head of the house, is deservedly one of the most popular, accomplished 
 and public-spirited citizens of Mobile. He takes the leading part in all 
 enterprises conducive to the advancement of our city, and his word can 
 be relied upon in stating the value of his wares. 
 
 LACLEDE HOTEL, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Delightfully situated on Government Street, between St. 
 Emanuel and Conception Streets, 
 
 ELEQANT HOOMS. TABLE FIRST CLASS. 
 
 T£RMS-$2.00 PER DAY. 
 
 MRS. E. ANNAN, Headquarters for Commercial Travelers. 
 
 Proprietress. 
 
 A. BAERMAN, 
 
 o> m o o ^ m ,, 
 
 No. 55 SOUTH ROYAL STREET, 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 A. B. TREAT, 
 
 FURNITURE, CARPETS AND OIL CLOTHS, 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES. 
 
 Nos 10 and 12 South Water Street, Mobile, Ala. 
 
 This is one of the oldest and most reliable houses of Mobile, and car- 
 ries the largest assortment of stock. 
 
Advertisements. 107 
 
 GO TO THE NEW ESTABLISHMENT OF 
 
 N. OTTENSTEIN, 
 
 DEALEE IN 
 
 No. 117 DAUPHIN STREET, 
 BEFORE PURCHASING ELSEWHERE 
 
 j^. OXJFtTIS & 00., 
 
 Manufacturers' Agents. 
 
 BOOTS, (CURlis^) SHOES, 
 
 MOBILE 
 58 DA.UPHIIN fe^TK^JET, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEPARTMEN TS. MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 BRISK & JACOBSON, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 AlTD GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, 
 
 S. W. Cor. DAUPHIN AND WATER' STREETS, 
 
 This is a inaiumotli building and filled with goods. Everything in the clothing line is found 
 
 liere. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCER, 
 
 AND DEALER IN 
 
 Choice Family Groceries, Wines, Liijuors and Cigars. 
 
 A REPRESENTATIVE HOUSE, where may always be found a complete line ot Staple 
 and Fancy Groceries, Provisions, Produce, Foreign and Domestic Fruits, Canned Goods, 
 Confectioneries, (^leensware, (Jlassware and Notions. Everything offered at the lowest 
 ruling prices. 
 
 _.^^ Goods delivered free of charge to any part of the city.,^" 
 
 N. W. Cor. Government and Royal Sts., Mobile, Ala 
 
Io8 ADVERTtSSlMENTS. 
 
 Gaylord B. Clark. Frank B. Clark, Jr. 
 
 LAW OFFICE OF 
 
 CLARK oc CLARKi 
 
 44 ST. FRANCIS STREET. 
 
 J. Espalla, Jr. H. O. Haynie. 
 
 ESPALLA & HAYNIE, 
 
 REAL ESTATE BROKERS AND AUCTIONEERS, 
 
 AGENTS FOH THE- 
 
 HOME PROTECTION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 
 OF NORTH ALABAMA. 
 
 OFFICE : No. 64 ST. FRANCIS STREET, 
 MOBILE, ALA, 
 
 Thos. Gaillard. John Gaillard. 
 
 GAIInLARD & BRO., 
 
 —DEALERS IN — 
 
 OFFICE: 50 ST. FRANCIS STREET, 
 YARD : CORNER COIVIIVIERCE AND CONGRESS STREETS, 
 
 TEL.EPHON£ ISo. 134. 
 
 W. C. GAYNOR, 
 
 Attoriiey-aUaw and Notary PuWlc 
 
 Special facilities for the collection of claims not yet 
 presented and those now before the Departments 
 of the United States Government. 
 office: second floor, 
 40 NORTH ROYAL STREET, 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. IO9 
 
 ALWAYS BUY THE BEST. 
 
 ESTEY ORGAN and PIANO, 
 
 160 Di^UPHIISr STREET, 
 
 C. H. LINCOLN, Agent. 
 
 — WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN — 
 
 HAVANA AND DOMESTIC CIGARS, 
 MANUFACTURED TOBACCO, SMOKERS' ARTICLES, ETC. 
 
 Corner Royal and Dauphin Streets, 
 
 FASHIONABLE SHAVING AND BATH PARLORS, 
 
 LADIES' LAMTRY AND OHILDEEN'S HAIR GUTTING 
 
 IN THE LATEST STYLE. 
 
 No. 4 SOUTH ROYAL STREET, 
 
 I^OBILE, -A.LA.. 
 
 This is one of the neatest and most agreeable shaving saloons to be 
 found in any city. The public will be pleased with the skill of Emile's 
 assistants. 
 
 W. F. PUNCH, 
 
 BIENVILLE PHARMACY. 
 
 NORTHEAST CORNER OONOEPTION AND ST. FRANCIS STREETS, 
 
 Mr. Punch has served a life time as druggist, and is known to be a 
 most careful and skillful compounder of prescriptions. 
 
I lO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 O. O. NELSON, President. S. O. NELSON, Sec'y and Treas'r, 
 
 GEF CITY OIL MILLS, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 COTTON-SEED OIL 
 
 OIL CAKE AND MEAL, 
 
 Works on Commerce St., 
 
 BETWEEN CONGRESS AND ADAMS, 
 
 35^0BIXjE, J^XjA. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 1 1 1 
 
 GAGE & CO., 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO CHAS. P. GAGE & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 OFFICE-WHOLESALE AND RETAIL HOUSE, COMMERCE-ST. DEPOT, 
 — AND RETAIL HOnS£ — 
 
 S. W. COR. CONCEPTION AND ST. FRANCIS STREETS, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 This is the oldest Ice House in Mobile, and been in successful operation 
 
 many years. 
 
 \VHITING AMES, 
 
 VVINES, I.IQUORS and CIGARS, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 F. KUPPERSMITH, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 OYSTER W and FISH, 
 
 Depot— South side Conti, bet. Commerce and Water Sts, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
1 12 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Chas. Mohr & Son, 
 
 PHARMACISTS and CHEMISrS, 
 
 COR. DAUPHIN AND ST. EMANUEL STS., MOBILE, ALA., 
 
 Dealers in Pure Drugs and Chemicals. 
 
 PHYSICIAN'S SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY. 
 
 The best and most complete line of SUEGICAL INSTEUMENTS kept 
 
 in the State. 
 Sole agents for one of the largest manufacturers. 
 
 SEND FOR PRICES. 
 
 SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 AMERICAN FARINA COLOGNE, 
 
 SOUTHERN HAIR TONIC, 
 
 THYMOL DENTRIFICE. 
 
 MOHR'S EMULSION COD LIVER OIL, WITH HYPOPHOSPHITES, 
 MOHR'S SYR. PHOTO-IODIDE IRON AND MANGANESE, 
 
 ELIXIR PYCNANTHEMUM, (the new Anti-Dyspepsia Remedy). 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Perfumery. American and Foreign, Toilet Articles, &c 
 
 Full line of the OAKLEY PERFUMERY AND SOAP CO. 
 McKesson & Robbin GELATINE-COATED PILLS AND COCAINE 
 
 Constantly on hand. 
 
 TRUSSES, CRUTCHES, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 DEPOT OF ACID IRON EARTH COMPANY. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 2000 ACRES OF TIBERED LAND 
 
 FOR S A. L E. 
 
 J. W. BAIRD, .... Contractor 
 
 And Proprietor of a Saw Mill at the mouth of Fowl Eiver, on 
 Mobile Bay, eighteen miles below the city. 
 
 LUMBEE SAWED for shipping. All kinds of Piling and Telegraph 
 Poles made from Meadow Pine. 
 
 AN ORANGE ORCHARD of Five Thousand Trees, and Five Hundred 
 PECANS, more than half of each bearing. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED HEAD OF CATTLE, and a splendid range, are 
 offered for sale to a good purchaser. None other need apply. 
 
 The present occupant has lived here more than twenty years, almost 
 entirely free from local diseases. Address, 
 
 J. A\r. Bi^IKD, 
 
 At ST. ELMO OE MOBILE. 
 
 ROBT. T. SCHULTZ &C0 
 
 COPPERSMITHS, 
 
 SHEET IRON AND TIN WORKERS AND MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 COPPER TURPENTINE DISTILLERY WORK a specialty. 
 IRON STEAM PIPES and FITTINGS always on hand. 
 Manufacturers of CHIMNEYS, BREECH, FIRE BEDS, 
 HEATERS, ESCAPE PIPES, SHEET-IRON STOVES, &c. 
 
 All Itepa.ii'iiig' Promptly Attended to. 
 
 No. 10 SOUTH COMMMERCE STREET - " - - Mobile, Ala. 
 THE l^EW STA-TVr>, 
 
 71 DAUPHIN ST.--Geo. W. Coster & Co.'s Old Stand. 
 V. BROWN, Mobile, Ala*^ 
 
 DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF 
 
 Clironios, Oil Paintings, Cornice Poles, Window Cornices and Photograph Frames. 
 
 ALL KINDS OF FRAMES IN EVER7 ST7LE MADE TO OHDEB. 
 
 There is no Picture Frame Maker more widely known here than Mr. V. BROWN, and it 
 would be difficult to find in his line a more competent one. Go and try him. The character 
 of his goods are first-class, and just what they are represented to be. Thankful for the pat- 
 ronage of friends and the public, he asks a continuance of the same. 
 
 VISITORS ARE ALWAYS WELCOME. 
 
114 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 SCHIMPF'S SALOON, 
 
 ISTos. 3 and 5 ISTorth Royal St., 
 
 Where BILLY will continue to put up the Biggest and Best OYSTEK 
 LOAFS for the smallest amount— 25 Cents. Fathers, Husbands and 
 Lovers please make a memorandum. 
 
 His WINES. LIQUORS, BEER and CIGARS/ celled. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND HE"^ ' ^^ ^^\. ^^^ S^ 
 
 IMPORTED and P ^.#^' JIGARS, 
 
 CIGAR MANUFACTUEEK, AND TH/^^ .pO°^ cP^ iTHECELEBKATED 
 
 "^ ilRES, 
 
 FU^C.ITURE, 
 
 FACTORY AND STORE 4^ \^ ^ • ^^ NORTH ROYAL STREET 
 
 M> 
 
 v>^^ ^' :>> 
 
 Ayf-^f/ ^ Street, Mobile, Ala. 
 
 ^^^^ o^ A GUARANTEED. 
 o •<* 
 
 .iY PISER & CO., 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Hides, Wool, Furs, Deerskins, 
 
 Beeswax, Tallow, Old Metals, Paper Stock, Etc. 
 
 43, 45 and 47 N. WATER ST. - - - - Mobile, Ala. 
 
 js^ Full Satisfaction guaranteed to Patrons and Purchasers. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. lis; 
 
 EICHOLD BROS. & WEISS, 
 
 Wholesale dealers in and importers of 
 
 LIQUORS, CIGARS and TOBACCOS, 
 
 — AND— 
 
 RECTIFIERS OF SPIRITS. 
 Nos. 1, 3 Ic 5 SOUTH COMMERCE STREET, 
 
 Estate of JARVIS TURNER. 
 
 Mobile Door^kli and Blind Factory 
 
 BUILDERS' MATERIAL, 
 
 Window Glass and Mixed Paints, 
 
 Wood Turning, Mouldings, Brackets, 
 
 Mantels, Window and Door Frames, 
 
 N. E. Corner "Water and St. Anthony Streets, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 N EW AND RELIABLE FIRM. 
 
 Jas. T. Palmes. 8am. D. Copeland. 
 
 JAMES T, PALMES Be COm 
 xj:ivj[:be! 
 
 GAS AND STEAM FITTERS. 
 
 Cooking Ranges, Drove Wells, Gas Fixtures and Plumbing Goods of all Description, 
 
 3*7 StrC. 3B»JFt..A.3XrCJIfiS STMSDE3T, 
 
 Under Battle House, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 J. K. RANDALL, 
 
 BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, 
 
 BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURER. 
 
 No. 5 NORTH WATER STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 LAW, MEDICAL AND SCHOOL BOOKS. 
 
jt6 
 
 ADVERTlSEMfiNTS. 
 
 WM. F. STOUTZ. THOS. M. LeBaRON, 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGENTS and AUCTIONEERS. 
 
 THOS. ME. LeBA.ROIV, Auctioneer. 
 
 AGENTS rOK THE 
 
 GERMANIA LIFE INSURANCE CO. 
 
 OF NEW YOEK. 
 ASWETS NJEiVKLY ^10,403,355.63 
 
 P. O. BOX 374. NO. 11 SOUTH KOYAL ST., Mobile, Ala. 
 
 SOUTHERN BOILER WORKS, 
 
 Geo. W. Richardson, Proprietor, 
 
 67 & 59 N. WATEE ST„ MOBILE, ALA. 
 All kinds of 
 
 STEAM BOILERS 
 
 INIade and Repaired. 
 
 — ALSO — 
 
 Oil and Water Tanks, Smoke Stacks, 
 
 Breeching, Spark Arresters, Sheet 
 
 Iron Doors. Window Slmtters, 
 
 Steam Fitting, Blacksmithing, 
 
 &c., &c.. &c. 
 
 Special attention paid to repair work. 
 
 Conntry orders solicited. Satisfaction 
 
 gnaranteed. Prompt attention. 
 
 (iood work and reasonable prices. 
 
 MRS. C. ROSSIGUOL & SON, 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO THE LATE C. ROSSIONOL. 
 
 FRENCH DYEING ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 No. 116 ST. FRANCIS ST.— Between Jackson and Claiborne— Mobile, Ala. 
 
 GENTLEMEN'S SUITS cleaned, dyed and repaired very handsomely. 
 
 Ladies can get anything in their wardrobe handsomely dyed 
 
 any color, without ripping, and repaired. Kid 
 
 Gloves handsomely cleaned and repaired. 
 
 Our colors will not rub off. 
 
 *3=- Having liad many years experience in Europe and America, we guarantee satisfaction. 
 
 WILLIAMSON & LEAVELL7 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Coffins Caskets and Metallic Cases, 
 
 107 Commerce St., Montgomery, Ala. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. t\^ 
 
 Water Works, Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting, Specialties. 
 
 JOHH H. ENGELHARDT, 
 
 -MAMFAC'TUKKK OF- 
 
 TIN AND SHEET IRON WARE, 
 
 Roofing and Guttering Done at Short Notice- 
 
 No. lU and IIG COURT STREET :(Opposite First Baptist Cluirfh) MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 
 Telephone Connection. All work warranted. 
 J. E. Wells. J. Preiss. 
 
 THE STAR BOTTLING WORKS. 
 
 -MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 SODA WATER, GINGER ALE, ETC., 
 
 —SOLE AGENTS FOR W. H. BARNEY'S— 
 
 i^xjrLEJ .A.i»i»ijiE: oii>e:ii., 
 
 MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 
 National Restaurant and Saloon, 
 
 WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS, 
 
 BOARD AT REASONABLE RATES. 
 
 105 COMMERCE STREET, 
 IMONTCOMERY, ALA. 
 
 J. H. HARTI-EY, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 SMOKE STACKS AND TANKS, 
 
 And everything in the Sheet Iron Line of any dimension. Repairing 
 promptly attended to. Charges moderate. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, ALA 207 MoNKOE Street. 
 
Il8 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 ^A^. VVT. SCOTT'S 
 
 EUROPEAN HOTEL, 
 
 (Just above the Union Depot, in the Wholesale Block.) 
 
 131 COMMERCE STREET, MONTGOMERY, ALA. 
 GAME, OYSTERS AND FISH, SPECIALTIES. 
 
 Eagle Furniture Factory 
 
 HAVE A FULL SUPPLY OF 
 
 Cheap and Medium Class of Furniture 
 
 j\.t Wholesale and Retail- 
 WAREROOMS: 115 Dexler Avenue, Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 1865 JOSEPH JONAS, 1885 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOE ALL GRADES AND STYLES OF 
 
 Cigars, Plug and Smoking Tobacco, 
 
 And Smoker's Articles in General. 
 
 Orders by Mail will Receive Prompt Attention. 
 
 16 COURT SQUARE, Montgomery, Ala. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 119 
 
 MOBILE COTTON EXCHANGE. 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 D. E. HUGER President 
 
 T ^TTTu m^Vr' ; Ti^- Vice-President 
 
 fe^S^w^/^T^i?.^ Treasurer 
 
 ^- ^ T^^T T^ Superintendent 
 
 "^ JEUi'r^'^-'-'^i'^ Assistant Superintendent 
 
 ROBERT MIDDLETON Chief Supervisor 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 
 J. C. BUSH, L. C. DORGAN, JOHN A. DePRAS 
 
 GEORGE L. HOPKINS, C. L. HUGER, T. S. INGERSOLL' 
 
 JOHN WYLIE. 
 
 MOBILE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
 OFFICERS : 
 
 THOMAS G. BUSH Preqidpnf 
 
 THOMAS P. BROWN Vice-PrS Knt 
 
 FRANK P. ANDREWS TreaJn?pr 
 
 A. POPE ST. JOHN '...■. v.". ".■.■.■/.■.■.■.■.■.sSetery 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 L. BREWER, T. A. HAMILTON, W T WEST 
 
 FERD. FORCHEIMER, JAMES McDONNELL, C E TUTTLF 
 
 M. LYONS, W. S. FOSTER, J. j] BOTTEr! 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Under tlie act for the settlement of the old city debt : 
 
 Z. M. P. INGE, Trustee. GEO. B. CLITHERALL, Supt. of Wharves 
 LOUIS H. KENNERLY, Tax Collector. 
 
 MOBILE POLICE BOARD. 
 
 RICHARD B. OWEN President 
 
 JAMES BOND Commissioner First Ward 
 
 WINFIELD S. LEWIS Commissioner Second Ward 
 
 ROBERT A. SAVAGE Commissioner Third Ward 
 
 T^^^^A^T^^??^!/-^ Commissioner Fourth Ward 
 
 JOHN CALLAGE AN Commissioner Fifth Ward 
 
 I^^^^^J^r^T^^^^^^^ -A- Commissioner Sixth Ward 
 
 St A^TTXTm o^^o A lir VxV Commissioner Seventh Ward 
 
 BLOUNT SOSSAMAN Commissioner Eighth Ward 
 
 PORT OFFICERS: 
 
 Attorney— Braxton Bragg. Chief Fire Department— M. Sloan 
 
 Engineer— D. M. N. Ross. Assistant Chief— C. W. Soost 
 
 Sexton— P. F. Alba. Keeper Bienville Square— Juo. Neill 
 
 Police Captain— J. J. Crowley. Keeper Wash'n Square— T. Connelly 
 
 Police Lieutenant— E. Rondeau. Inspector Naval Stores— A. A Voss 
 Police Sergeant— Chas. E. Spencer. Remover of Dead Animals— W H 
 Police Sergeant— James Martin. Smith. 
 
 Police Sergeant— John McGuire. Port Printer— John L. Rapier 
 Street Inspector— A. O. Sibley. Superintendent Fire Alarm Tele- 
 
 Keeper Magnolia Cemet'y—P.Coniff. graph— W. A. Alexander 
 Keeper Old Cemetery- C. Skally. Recorder— R. B. Owen 
 Clerk Sout'n Market— J. W.Clonan. Tax Collector— Wm. A Shields 
 Committee Clerk— T. W. Daly. Clerk— John F. Summersell. 
 
DEC 20 1901 
 
 1 20 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 A. C. DANNER, 
 
 LUMBEH, SHINGLES, &c., 
 
 AGENT FOE THE 
 
 STOOKITOIsr 
 
 Cypress Saw Mills and Shingle Mills, 
 
 No. 46 ST. FRANCIS STREET, 
 
 MOBILE, ALA. 
 A. C. DANNER, President. J. W. SPRATLEY, Sec'y & Treas'r. 
 
 MOBILE COAL COMPANY, 
 
 Successors to A. C. Banner & Co., 
 
 COAL, WOOD AND COKE, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 
 No. 46 ST. FRANCIS STREET, 
 
 OPPOSITE THE LADIES' ENTRANCE TO THE BATTLE HOUSE, 
 
Jo 
 
 c 
 
 -f] By SUB ROSA. ^ 
 
READ 
 
 AND 
 
 BE 
 
 CONVINCED 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 
 
 POND'SBdRiCT 
 
 ]iTJBNS, SUNBUENS, DIAEEHCEA, CHAP- 
 
 LNGS, STINGS OF INSECTS, PILES, 
 
 BOEE EYES, S02E FEET. 
 
 THE WONDER OF HEALING I 
 
 For Piles. Blind. Bleeding or Itching, it is the 
 jjreai«Bt known remedy . 
 
 For Burns. 8calds, Wounds. Bruises and 
 Sprains, it is unequaUtd— stopptnif paiu and healii^K 
 in & marvellous mamK r. 
 
 For Inflamed and Sore Eyes.— Its efifect upon 
 these delicate organs is simply marvellous. 
 
 It is the Ladies' Friend.— AU female complalntE 
 yield to its wondrous powi r. 
 
 For I'lcers, Old Sores, or Open Wounds, 
 Tootiiache, Faceache, Bites of injects. Sore- 
 Feet, its action upon tlieso is most remarkable. 
 
 BECOMMENDEI) ST PUTSICIANS 1 
 USED I\ HOSPITALS I 
 
 Caution.— POXD'S EXTRACT has been imi- 
 \-ted. The qenuine has the u-orda "POND'S KX- 
 I'RACT" blown in the glass, and our picture trade 
 nuirk on surrounding buff wrapper. None other is 
 genuine. Always insist on hating POXD'S EX- 
 TRACT. Take no other preparation. 
 
 It is never sold in bu^k or by measure. 
 
 EPECIAl, PBEPARATI0N9 OF TOND's EXTRACT COM- 
 BINED WITU THK PUREST AND MOST DELICATE 
 PERFUME FOR ladies' BOUDOIR. 
 
 POND'S EXTRACT 50c., $1.00, $I,75- 
 
 Toilet Cream 1,00 
 
 Dentifrico 50 
 
 LipSalve 25 
 
 Toilet Soap (3 Cakes). 50 
 Ointment 50 
 
 Catarrh Cure 75 
 
 Plaster 25 
 
 Inhaler (Glass 50c.). .1. CO 
 
 Nasal Syringe 25 
 
 Medicated Paper 25 
 
 Family Syringe, $1.00. 
 
 T" CuR New Pamphlet with IIistory of our 
 Preparation a Sekt I'KEE on application to 
 
 PO^aD'S EXTRACT CO.; 
 
 76 Fifth Ave., New York. 
 
 WONDERFDL 
 
 HEALIN& 
 
 PROPERTIES 
 
 OF 
 
 POND'S 
 
 Extract. 
 
 LBJe 10 
 
OPERA PUFF CIGARETTES. 
 
 These Cigarettes are made with the new AMBER prepared 
 paper (Papier Ambre,) a new and novel French invention, which 
 entirely removes the objection so frequently urged against paper 
 Cigarettes. 
 
 In smoking, the Amber prepared part that is put in the 
 Mouth, WILL NOT STICK TO THE UPS, and Is absolutely saliva 
 proof. 
 
 The absence of moisture prevents the dissolution of nicotine 
 while smoking, or the spreading of the Tobacco, and melting of 
 the Bice paper. 
 
 A. K,ECEIVT DECISIOIV 
 
 " The Eleventh Chamber has just rendered its decision in a 
 matter which interests cigarette smokers, it was the case of 
 Messrs. Gaston D'Argy & Co., inventors and manufacturers of 
 the celebrated Papier Ambre (amber tipped paper), against one 
 Prodon, who had counterfeited and placed on sale an imitation of 
 the original. The Eleventh Chamber has rendered a severe judg- 
 ment. It imposes upon M. Prodon a fine of two thousand francs 
 and conderas him to pay four thousand francs damages to the 
 plaintiffs until a more considerable indemnity could be inflicted 
 by the State, and he is also obliged to publish the decision of the 
 court in ten Paris journals, at his own expense".— J^'rom Le Figaro, 
 Paris. 
 
 In this country the Papier Ambre— which will not stick to the 
 lips— is known in connection with the celebrated brands of cigar- 
 ettes, " Little Beauties " (pressed flat), and " Opera Puffs," that 
 have become so popular that they are in everybody's mouth. 
 
 This paper has long been corsidered the very finest for cigar- 
 ette purposes ever made. The exclusive American right is held 
 by Allen & Ginter, of Bichmond. 
 
B^iif ^ wmm mmmw mwm mAmm^ 
 
 75 
 
 DAUPHIN STREET 
 
 7B 
 
 m^ 
 
 WHOl[MlR[IlilLGROC[RI[S 
 
 AND 
 
 
 WE INVITE CASH BUYERS 
 TO GIVE US A CALL. 
 
 We buy our own Goods in CaNLoads 
 
 DIRECT FROM MANUFACTURERS, 
 — THEREFORE 
 
 CANNOT BE UNDERSOLD. 
 
 B. WARD, 
 
 IVortliwest Corner of 
 
 Daiipbin and Conception Street*.