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THE /
UNION DICTIONARY;
CONTAINING ALL THAT IS TRULY USEFUL IN
THE DICTIONARIES
OF
JOHNSON, SHERIDAN, and WALKER :
THE ORTHOGRAPHY AND EXPLANATORY MATTER SELECTED FROM
DR. JOHNSON,
THE PRONUNCIATION ADJUSTED ACCORDING TO
MR. WALKER,
WITH THE ADDITION OF
MR. SHERIDAN'S PRONUNCIATION l
OF
THOSE WORDS WHEREIN THESE TWO EMINENT ORTHOEPISTS
DIFFER.
THE
Whole designed to present to the Reader, at one View, the Orthography, Explanation,
Pronunciation, and Accentuation of all the purest a?idmost approved Terms
IN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
WITH ABOUT
TWO THOUSAND ADDITIONAL WORDS,
DEDUCED FROM THE BEST MODERN AUTHORITIES*
BY THOMAS BROWNE, LL.D.
AUTHOR OF A NEW CLASSICAL DICTIONARY, VIRIDARIUM POETICUM, 8£c.
" Sounds lead to Words, and Words to Knowledge." ST. BASIL,
THE THIRD EDITION,
WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONS AND IMPR(
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILKIE AND ROBINSON; SCATCHERD AND LETTERMAN ;
I G. ROBINSON; G. KEARSLEY; LONGMAN, HURST*, REES, ORME, AND BROWN;
! claw; j. white; vernor, hood, and sharpej crosby and co.;
AND J. BOOKER.
, $ 1810.
T. DAVISON, Lombard-street,
Wbitefriars, LondtR.
••
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE very flattering reception which the former
editions of this work met with from the public, has
encouraged the Author to spare no pains in render-
ing the third still more worthy of their notice.
Nearly two thousand words, with appropriate ex-
planation and just accentuation, not inserted in
Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, and selected from the
writings of our most eminent modern authors,
namely, Blackstone, Burke, Chesterfield, Bryant,
Hawkesworth, Gray, Mason, Shenstone, Cowper,
.flair, Gibbon, Warton, &c. &c. have been carefully
ingrafted on the present edition. The beauty of
the type (which was cast designedly for the work),
combined with the neatness of the printing, cannot
fail, it is presumed, of obtaining for it an additional
claim to public favour.
THOMAS BROWNE.
Private Semikary,
Wright's Buildings, Kensington,
August 3, 1810.
PREFACE.
At a time when a just and polite pronunciation of the
English tongue has become, as it were, the criterion of a
liberal education ; and that the pulpit, the senate, the bar,
and the stage, recognize the grace it adds to elocution —
the importance of such an acquisition must be obvious to
every person. Indeed, since our most eminent orthoe-
pists, Sheridan and Walker, have published their elaborate
dictionaries, a prosodial error has become as grating to
^e ear, as a syntactical one, in writing, is offensive to the
eye of the accurate grammarian. Our language, which
before was, in respect to pronunciation, subject to the
caprice of pedants and provincial barbarism, has been
rescued in a great degree, by their laudable exertions,
from these inconveniences, and led to assume a regular
and systematic modulation, founded at once on the bases
of reason and analogy. By the plain rules and institutes
they have laid down, the pupil may be taught, at an early
age, to fashion his lisping accents, and to articulate with
accuracy and precision all the classical words in the ver-
nacular language.
VI
It is true that some* preceding orthoepists contributed
by their prosodial researches to reduce the vague and
fluctuating pronunciation of our language to a standard ;
but, as the organic formation of its letters, their different
powers, accentuation, &c. &c. are more critically and
philosophically examined into and explained by Mr. She-
ridan and Mr. Walker, we may venture to affirm, that the
rules and precepts laid down by them ought to be the
models of our imitation.
With this view of the subject, the editor has undertaken
to compile this neat pocket volume. In the execution of
the work, he has (as the title expresses) endeavoured to
unite all that is truly useful in the dictionaries of our three
principal lexicographers, viz. Johnson, Sheridan, and Wal-
ker. As to the orthography, that of Johnson (with few
exceptions) has been retained, and the explanatory matter
has been selected from the same author, and adapted to
the capacities of youth, for whose use principally the work
is designed. The pronunciation of the words is given
according to the scheme of Walker, which is more plain
and simple than that of Sheridan ; and where they differ,
the pronunciation of the latter is also given according to
his own scheme of the alphabet. To insert the pronun-
ciation of words in Sheridan's dictionary in which Walker
has agreed with him, it was thought would be an useless
redundancy; all such have therefore been omitted. By
the plan adopted, the reader, if any dispute or doubt
should arise respecting the pronunciation or accentuation
* The most eminent among these orthoepists are Elphinstone, Kenrick,
Scot, Buchanan, W. Johnson, Entick, and Ash. To Mr. Nares also much
is due for his labour in this extensive field.
vii
of any word, will immediately see where these two emi-
nent orthoepists differ or agree. Some general prosodial
rules and institutes, selected from the introductory matter
of the dictionaries of Sheridan and Walker, and calculated
to assist the pupil in pronunciation, and also to correct
the errors in pronouncing, which the Irish, Scotch, Welsh,
and even the Londoners themselves, lapse into, are pre-
fixed to the work.
Such is the outline of the plan of the Union Dic-
tionary, which may be said to be less voluminous than
the octavo edition of Johnson, but much more comprehen-
sive than any small English dictionary extant ; in the most
of which a meagre explanation of the term (without the
additional advantage of the schemes of Sheridan and
Walker) is annexed: and to impress the explanation of
each word with greater authority, an abridged name of
the author who used it is also given as in Johnson. This
is not done in any other abridgment of his dictionary.
Many words have been also inserted in this dictionary
which are not to be found in Johnson, Walker, or Sheri-
dan ; in accenting which, however, the system of Walker
has been adhered to.
To conclude — the editor needs only to say, that his
sole object was, by condensing the three principal dic-
tionaries, to bring their matter, as it were, to a focus, and
thereby furnish youth, at a small expense, with a book
calculated at once to explain, in a familiar manner, every
approved word in our language, and at the same time to
grace it with the purest and most polite pronunciation.- —
He also presumes that the stability given by these die-
Y1U
tionaries to the orthography and pronunciation of the
English language, embodied in the present work, cannot
but proved great desideratum to all foreigners who
study it
PROSODIAL
RULES AND ELEMENTS,
Selected from the Prefatory Matter prefixed to the Dictionaries of
WALKER and SHERIDAN.
AS the proposed object of the Union Dictionary (its title implies it)
is to comprehend at once all that is truly useful in our three principal
Lexicographers, namely, Johnson, Sheridan, and Walker, and, as the
putting, as it were, the two last, our most eminent Orthoepists, side by side,
where they differ in pronunciation, is the main object of our plan; at the
same time that the most useful and approved part of the explanatory matter
of Johnson, with little deviation from his Orthography, has been carefully
selected, some of the most useful Prosodial Rules and Institutes annexed to
the respective Dictionaries of Walker and Sheridan may be deemed the
most appropriate to the present Work.
The first principles or elements of pronunciation are letters :
The Letters of the English Language are in number 26.
Roman. Italic. Name.
A a
A a
a
B h
B b
lee
Cc
C c
see
Dd
Dd
dee
Ee
Ee
e
Ff
Ff
eff
Gg
Gg
jee
Hh
Hh
aitch
I i
It
i or eye.
Jj
Jj
j consonant, or jay.
3Ck
Kk
hay
L 1
L I
el
M m
Mm
em
Nn
Nn
en
Oo
Oo
P P
Pp
pee
Q q
Q q
cue
R r
R r
ar
Sf s
Sfs
ess
T t
T t
tee
U u
U u
u or you
V v
V v
v consonant, or tee.
W w
Wvo
double u
X x
X x
eh
y y
Yy
•wy
Z z
Zz
zed, or i%xara\
In considering the sounds of these first principles of language, we find
that some are so simple and unmixed, that there is nothing required but the
opening of the mouth to make them understood, and to form different
sounds ; whence they have the names of vowels^ or voices, or vocal sounds.
On the contrary, we find that there are others, whose pronunciation de-
pends on the particular application and use of every part of the mouth, as
the teeth, the lips, the tongue, the palate, &c. which yet cannot make
any one perfect sound but by their union with those vocal sounds ; and
these are called consonants, or letters sounding with other letters.
Classification of Vovoels and Consonants.
Vowels and consonants being thus defined, it will be necessary in the next
place to arrange them into such classes as their similitudes and specific dif-
ferences seem to require.
Letters, therefore, are naturally divisible into vowels and consonants.
The vowels are a, e, i, o, u; and y and w when ending a syllable.
The consonants are b, c, d,f g t h i j 1 &, I, m^n^p, q } r, s, t, v, x, 2, and y and
w when beginning a syllable.
The vowels may be subdivided into such as are simple and pure, and into
such as are compound and impure. The simple or pure vowels are such as
require only one conformation of the organs to form them, and no motion
in the organs while forming.
The compound or impure vowels are such as require more than one con-
formation of the organs to form them, and a motion in the organs while
forming.
An analogical Table of the Voiveh.
simple or pure vowels.
compound or impure vowels.
Diphthongs and Triphthongs enumerated.
The vowels forming but one'syllable are generally called a diphthong; and
three a triphthong. These are the following:
ae Caesar
eo people
ce ceconomy
aye (for ever)
ai aim
eu feud.
oi voice
eau beauty
ao gaol
evo jewel
00 moon
eou plenteous
au taught.
ey they
ou found
ieu adieu
aw law
ia poniard
ow now
lew view
ea clean
ie friend
oy boy
ee reed
10 passion
ice mansuetude
ei ceiling "
oa coat
ui languid
oeu manoeuvre
Consonants enumerated and distinguished into Classes*
The consonants are divisible into mutes, semivowels, and liquids.
The mutes are such as emit no sound without a vowel, as b, p, t, d, k, and
e and g hard.
The semi-vowels are such as emit a sound without the concurrence of a
vowel, as/, v, s, z, x, g soft, orj.
The liquids are such as flow into, or unite easily with, the mutes, as
I, m, n, r.
But, besides these, there is another classification of the consonants, of
great importance to a just idea of the nature of the letters, and that is,
into such as are sharp or flat, and simple or aspirated.
The sharp consonants are p,f t, s, k, c hard.
The flat consonants are b, v, d, z, g hard.
The simple consonants are those which have always the sound of one let-
ter unmixed with others, as b, p,f, v, &,g hard, and g soft, 0*1,7.
The mixed or aspirated consonants are those which have sometimes a
hiss or aspiration joined with them, which mingles with the letter, and
alters its sound, as t in motion, dm soldier, s in mission, and 2 in azure.
There is another distinction of consonants arising either from the seat of
their formation, or from those organs which are chiefly employed in form-
ing them. The best distinction of this kind seems to be that which divides
them into labials, dentals, gutturals, and nasals.
The labials are, b,p,f, v. The dentals are t, d, s, z, and soft^ or j. The
gutturals are k, q, c hard, and g hard. The nasals are m, n, and ng.
These several properties of the consonants may be exhibited at one vie\y
in the following table, which may be called
An analogical Table of the Consonants.
Mute labials
Hissing labials
Mute dentals
Hissing dentals
Lisping dentals
Gutturals
Sharp/;, pomp
Flat b, bomb.
Sharp/, if
Flat v, of
I Sharp
1 Flat
S Sharp
1 Flat 2
5 Sharp ethy death
I Flat the, scythe
S Sharp kf kick
I Flat g hard, gag
esh passion
ezhe vision
labionasal liquid m
dentonasal liquid n
dental liquid I
Dento-guttural or nasal ng, hang.
> guttural liquid
Organic Formation of the Vowels.
It will be necessary to observe, that there are three long sounds of the
letter a, which are formed by a greater or less expansion of the internal
parts of the mouth.
The German a, heard in ball, wall, &c. is formed by a strong and grave
expression of the breath through the mouth, which is open nearly in a cir-
cular form, while the tongue, contracting itself to the root, as to make way
* for the sound, almost rests upon the under jaw.
4 The Italian a, heard in father, closes the mouth a little more than the
s German a; and by raising the lower jaw, widening the tongue, and advanc-
< ing it a little nearer to the lips, renders its sound less hollow and deep.
I The slender a, or that heard in lane, is formed in the mouth still higher
* than the last ; and in pronouncing it, the lips, as if to give it a slender sound,
z dilate their aperture horizontally; while the tongue, to assist this narrow
* emission of breath, widens itself to the cheeks, raises itself nearer the palate,
and by these means a less hollow sound than either of the former is pro-
duced.
The e in e-qual is formed by dilating the tongue a little more, and advanc-
ing it nearer to the palate and the lips, which produces the slenderest
vowel in the language ; for the tongue is, in the formation of this letter, as
j close to the palate as possible, without touching it, as the moment the
i tongue touches the palate, the squeezed sound of ee in thee and meet is
formed, which, by its description, must partake of the sound of the conso-
nant y.
The i in i-dol is formed by uniting the sound of the Italian a in father and
% e in e-qual, and pronouncing them as closely together as possible.
The o in o-pen is formed by nearly the same position of the organs as the
i * in water; but the tongue is advanced a little more into the middle of the
i mouth, the lips are protruded, and from a round aperture like the as when a
j is fonned, but advances to the middle or hollow of the mouth.
The u in u-nil is formed by uniting the squeezed sound ee to a simple
j vowel sound, heard in zvoo and coo; the oo in these words is formed by pro-
i trading the lips a little more than in o, forming a smaller aperture with
them, and, instead of swelling the voice in the middle of the mouth, bringing
it as forward as possible to the lips.
T final in try is formed like ?', and to final in novo; like the oo, which has
just been described.
Organic Formation of Consonants.
The best method of shewing the organic formation of the consonants will
be to class them into such pairs as they naturally fall into, and then by
describing one, we shall nearly describe its fellow ; by which means the
labour will be lessened, and the nature of the consonant better perceived.
The consonants that fall into pairs are the following:
p
f
t
s
sh
tk
h
ch
chair
%
V
d
z
zh
dh
g
3
jail
The upper rank of these letters may be called breathing consonants; and
the lower, vocal ones.
Organic Formation of each Letter.
P and B are formed by closing the lips till the breath is collected, and
then letting it issue by forming the vowel e.
F and V are formed by pressing the upper teeth upon the under lip,
and sounding the vowel e before the former and after the latter ©f these
letters.
T and D are formed by pressing the tip of the tongue to the gums of the
upper teeth, and then separating them, by pronouncing the vowel e.
S and Z are formed by placing the tongue in the same position as in
Tand D, but not so close to the gums as to stop the breath; a space is left
between the tongue and the palate for the breath to issue, which forms the
hissing and buzzing sound of these letters.
SH heard in mission, and zh in evasion, are formed in the same seat of
sound as s and z; but in the former the tongue is drawn a little inwards, and
at a somewhat greater distance from the palate, which occasions a fuller
effusion of breath from the hollow of the mouth than in the latter • which
are formed nearer to the teeth.
TH in think, and the same letters in that, are formed by protruding the
tongue between the fore teeth, pressing it against the upper teeth, and at the
same time endeavouring to sound the s or z; the former letter to sound th in
think, and the latter to sound ih in that.
K and G hard are formed by pressing the middle of the tongue to the roof
of the mouth near the throat, and separating them a little smartly to form
the first, and more gently to form the last of these letters.
CH in chair, and J mjail, are formed by pressing t to sh, and d to zh.
Mis formed by closing the lips, as in P and B, and letting the voice issue
by the nose.
iVis formed by resting the tongue in the same position as in T or D, and
breathing through the nose, with the mouth open.
L is formed by nearly the same position of the organs as i and d, but more
with the tip of the tongue, which is brought a little forwarder to the teeth,
while the breath issues from the mouth.
R is formed by placing the tongue nearly in the position of t, but at such
a distance from the palate as suffers it to jar against it, when the breath is
propelled from the throat to the mouth.
NG in ring, sing, &c. is formed in the same seat of sound as hard g; but
while the middle of the tongue presses the roof of the mouth, as in G, the
voice passes principally through the nose, as in N.
Y consonant is formed by placing the organs in the position of e, and
squeezing the tongue against the roof of the mouth, which produces ee y which
is equivalent to initial y.
^consonant is formed by placing the organs in the position of oo, described
under u, and closing the lips a little more, in order to propel the breath upon
the succeeding vowel which it articulates.
Of the Quantity and Quality of Vowels.
The first distinction of sound that seems to obtrude itself upon us when
we utter the vowels, is a long and a short sound according to the greater or
less duration of time taken up in pronouncing them. This distinction is so
obvious as to have been adopted in all languages, and is that to which we
annex clearer ideas than to any other: and though the short sounds of some
vowels have not in our language been classed with sufficient accuracy with
their parent long ones; yet this had bred but little confusion, as vowels Ion 0-
and short are always sufficiently distinguishable ; and the nice appropria-
tion of short sounds to their specific long ones is not necessary to our con-
veying what sound we mean, when the letter to which we apply these sounds
is known, and its power agreed upon.
The next distinction of vowels into their specific, sounds, which seems to
be the most generally adopted, is that which arises from the different aper-
tures of the mouth in forming them. It is certainly very natural, when we
b
have so many more simple sounds than we have characters by which to
express them, to distinguish them by that which seems their organic
definition; and we accordingly find vowels denominated by the French
cuvert and ferme; by the Italians aperto and chiuso; and by the English open
and shut.
Consonants.
So numerous are the remarks that must naturally occur in treating of
the pronunciation of the different consonants, that they would far exceed
the space allotted to the introductory matter annexed to this work.
Articulation, (extracted from Sheridan.)
A good articulation consists in giving every letter in a syllable its due
proportion of sound, according to the most approved custom of pro-
nouncing it; and in making such a distinction between the syllables of which
words are composed, that the ear shall without difficulty acknowledge their
number; and perceive, at once, to which syllable each letter belongs.
Where these points are not observed, the articulation is proportionably
defective.
Distinctness of articulation depends, primarily, upon being able to form
the simple elements or letters by the organs of speech ; and in the next
place, in distinguishing properly the syllables of which words are com-
posed from each other; which can only be done by a just pronuncia-
tion.
The chief source of indistinctness is too great a precipitancy of utter-
ance. To cure this, the most effectual method will be. to lay aside an hour
every day, to be employed in the practice of reading aloud, in a manner
much slower than is necessary. This should be done in the hearing of some
person, whose office it should be to remind the reader, if at any time he
should perceive him mending his pace, and falling into his old habit.
There is one cause of indistinct articulation which operates very gene-
rally, and which arises from the very genius of our tongue ; so that, unless
great care be taken, it is scarcely possible to escape being affected by it.
Every word in our language, composed of more syllables than one, has one
syllable accented, and thus peculiarly distinguished from the rest; and if
this accented sy^able be properly articulated, the word will be sufficiently
known, even though the others are sounded very confusedly. This produces
a negligence with regard to the pronunciation of the other syllables; which,
though it may not render the sense obscure, yet destroys all measure and
proportion, and consequently all harmony in delivery. This fault is so
general, that I would recommend it to all who are affected by it, to pro-
nounce the unaccented syllables more fully than is necessary, till they are
cured of it.
Of the Nature of Accent, {extracted from Walker.)
Accent, in its very nature, implies a comparison with other syllables less
forcible; hence we may conclude, that monosyllables, properly speaking,
have no accent: when they are combined with other monosyllables and
form a phrase, the stress which is laid upon one, in preference to others,
is called emphasis. As emphasis evidently points out the most significant
word in a sentence, so, where other reasons do not forbid, the accent al-
ways dwells with greatest force on that part of the word which, from its
importance, the hearer has~ always the greatest occasion to observe; and
this is necessarily the root or body of the word. But as harmony of ter-
mination frequently attracts the accent from the root to the branches of
wojrds, so the first and most natural Saw of accentuation seems to operate
less in fixing the stress than any of the other. Our own Saxon termina-
tions, indeed, with perfect uniformity, leave the principal part of the
word in quiet possession of what seems its lawful property ; but Latin and
Greek terminations assume a right of preserving their original accent,
and subject many of the words they bestow upon us to their own classical
laws.
Accent, therefore, seems to be regulated, in a great measure, by etymo-
logy. In words from the Saxon, the accent is generally on the root; in
words from the learned languages it is generally on the termination ; and
if to these we add the different accent we lay on some words, to distinguish
them from others, we seem to have the three great principles of accentuation j
namely, the radical, the terminational, and the distinctive.
Radical Accent,
As our language borrows so largely from the learned languages, it is not
wonderful that its pronunciation should be in some measure influenced by
them. The rule for placing the Greek accent was indeed essentially differ-
ent from that of the Latin; but words from the Greek, coming to us through
the Latin, are often so much latinized, as to lose their original accent, and
to fall into that of the Latin ; and it is the Latin accent which we must
chiefly regard, as that which influences our own.
The first general rule that may be laid down is, that when words come to
us whole from the Greek or Latin, the same accent ought to be preserved as
in the original. Thus horizon, sonorous, decorum, dictator, gladiator, mediator,
delator, spectator, adulator, &c. preserve the penultimate accent of the original ;
and yet thp antepenultimate tendency of our language has placed the accent
on the first syllable of orator, senator, auditor, cicatrix, plethora, &c. in opposi-
tion to the Latin pronunciation of these words, and would have infallibly
done the same by abdomen, bitumen, and acumen, if the learned had not step-
ped in to rescue these classical words from the invasion of the Gothic ac-
cent, and to preserve the stress inviolahly on the second syllable. Nor has
even the interposition of two consonants been always able to keep the accent
from mounting up to the antepenultimate syllable, as we may see in mini-
ster, sinister, character, &c; and this may be said to be the favourite accent
of our language.
Terminational Accent.
To form an idea of the influence of termination upon accent, it will be
sufficient to observe, that words which have ei, ia, ie, io, eou, in their termi-
nation, always have the accent on the preceding syllable : thus atheist, alien,
regalia, ambrosia, &c. the numerous terminations in ion, ian, &c. as gradation,
promotion, confusion, logician, physician, &c. those in ion, as harmonious, abstemious,
&c. those in eous, as outrageous, advantageous, &c. These may not improperly
be styled semi-consonant diphthongs.
The onl} r exceptions to this rule are one word in iac, as elegiac, which has
the accent on the i, and the following words in iacal, as prosodiacal, cardiacal,
heliacal, genethliacal, maniacal, demoniacal, ammoniacal, theriacal, paradisiacal,
aphrodisiaccd, and hypochondriacal; all which have the accent on the antepenul-
timate i, and that long and open, as in idle, tittle, &c.
b2
Enclitkal or distinctive Accent.
I have ventured to give the name of enclitkal to the accent of certain
words, whose terminations are formed of such words as seem to lose their
own accent, and throw it back on the last syllable of the word with which
they coalesce, such as theology, orthography, &c. The readiness with which
these words take the antepenultimate accent, the agreeable flow of sound
to the ear, and the unity it preserves in the sense, are sufficient proof's of
the propriety of placing the accent on this syllable, if custom were am-
biguous.
Secondary Accent.
The secondary accent is that stress we may occasionally place upon an-
other syllable, besides that which has the principal accent, in order to pro-
nounce every part of the word more distinctly, forcibly, and harmoni-
ously. Thus this accent is on the first syllable of conversation, commenda-
tion, &c.
Of Pronunciation, {extracted from Sheridan.)
Pronunciation may be considered in a twofold light: first, with regard to
propriety; secondly, with regard to elegance. With regard to propriety,
it is necessary that each word should have its due accent, and each letter its
proper sound. This is all that is required in the pronunciation of words
separately considered; and is the chief point treated of in the former part
of this Grammar. With respect to elegance, beside propriety, proportion
of sound also is to be taken in; and this regards the delivery of words as
arranged in sentences; and this is the point which I shall now chiefly con-
sider.
As there has been no method hitherto laid open of attaining even the first
part, 1 mean the mere propriety of pronouncing words, it is no wonder that
the second, or ornamental part, has been entirely neglected. That which
gives delight to the ear in the utterance of articulate sounds, is founded
upon the same principle as that which pleases in musical composition,
1 mean proportion: and this has a twofold reference, to time, and to
sound.
Our early notionsof quantity are all imbibed from the Latin prosody; in
which the difference between long and short syllables is established by rules
that have no reference to the ear, the sole competent judge in this case; in-
somuch that syllables are called long, which are the shortest that can be
uttered by the organs of speech ; and others are called short, which take up
much longer time in pronouncing than the former. The mind thus taking a
bias under the prejudice of false rules, never after arrives at a knowledge of
the true nature of quantity ; and accordingly we find that all attempts hitherto
to settle the prosody of our language, have been vain and fruitless.
In treating of the simple elements or letters, I have shewn that some,
both vowels and consonants, are naturally short; that is, whose sounds can-
not possibly be prolonged ; and these are the sounds of ^, } , and &, of vocal
sounds, and three pure mutes, k, p, t, of the consonant, as in the words beck,
lb, dt.
1 have shewn also, that the sounds of all the other vowels, and of the con-
sonant semi-vowels, may be prolonged to what degree we please; but at the
same time it is to be observed, that all these may also be reduced to a short
quantity, and are capable of being uttered in as sbort a space of time as
those which are naturally short. So that they who speak of syllables as
absolutely and in their own nature long, the common cant of prosodians,
speak of a non-entity ; for though, as I have shewn, there are syllables ab-
solutely short, which cannot possibly be prolonged by any effort of the
speaker; yet it is in his power to shorten or prolong the others to what de-
gree he pleases.
I have said that in pronouncing words, when the accent is on the vowel,
the syllable is long ; when on the consonant, short ; by which 1 mean that
the Reader should dwell on the vowel when accented, in order to make it
long ; and pass rapidly over it, giving a smart stroke to the following conso-
nant, when the accent is on that. But this rule is so far from being attended
to, that for the most part the accented vocal syllables are pronounced in as
short a space of time as the accented consonant ; by which means all pro-
portional quantity in our tongue is utterly destroyed, and the whole appears
a rapid gabble of short syllables.
To obviate this I would recommend it to every one to pay a particular
attention to every vocal accented syllable, and to dwell upon it so long as to
make it double the quantity of the short ones. Without this, speech must
be deprived of all smoothness and harmony.
It has been said above, that when the accent is on the consonant the sylla-
ble should be sounded short, and this rule in general holds good. Yet there
are cases in which the sound of the consonant may be dwelt upon, and the
syllable thus rendered long.
Syllabication.'
Dividing words into syllables is a very different operation according to the
different ends proposed by it. The object of syllabication may be, either to
enable children to discover the sound of words they are unacquainted with,
or to show the etymology of a word, or to exhibit the exact pronunciation
of it.
Rules to be observed by the Natives of Ireland, in order to obtain a just Pronun-
ciation of English.
As Mr. Sheridan was a native of Ireland, and had the best opportunities of
understanding those peculiarities of pronunciation which obtain there, his
observations on that subject are extracted as the best general direction.
The reader will be pleased to take notice, that as Mr. Walker has made a
different arrangement of the vowels, and has adopted a notation different
from Mr. Sheridan, he was obliged to make use of different figures to mark
the vowels, but still such as perfectly correspond to his.
" The chief mistakes made by the Irish in pronouncing English, lie for
the most part in the sounds of the two first vowels, a and e; the former
being generally sounded * by the Irish, as in the word b*r, in most words
where it is pronounced \ as in day, by the English. Thus the Irish say,
patron, matron, the vowel 3 having the same sound as in the word father •
whilst the English pronounce them as if written paytron, may iron. The fol-
lowing rule, strictly attended to, will rectify this mistake through the whole
language.
" When the vowel a finishes a syllable, and has the accent on it, it is in-
variably pronounced 4 [day] by the English. To this rule there are but
three exceptions in the whole language to be found in the words f|ther, papa,
mami The Irish may think also the word rather an exception, as well as,
b 3
father; and so it would appear to be in their manner of pronouncing it nther
laying the accent on the vowel a; but in the English pronunciation the con-
sonant th is taken into the first syllable, as thus, rath'er, which makes the
difference.
t( Whenever a consonant follows the rowel a in the same syllable, and
the accent is on the consonant, the vowel a has always its fourth sound, as
h t, m*n ; as also the same sound lengthened when it precedes the letter r,
a s fir, b^r, though the accent be on the vowel ; as likewise when it precedes
Im, as b*im, ps*lm. The Irish, ignorant of this latter exception, pronounce
all words of that structure as if they were written hawm, psawm, guawn, ccmm,
&c. In the third sound of a, marked by different combinations of vowels,
or consonants, such as au, in Paul; aw, in law; all, in call; aid, in bald;
etlk, in talk, &c. the Irish make no mistake, except in that of Im, as before
mentioned.
"The second vowel, e, is for the most part sounded ee by the English,
when the accent is upon it; whilst the Irish in most words give it the sound
cf slender \, as in hate. This sound of * [ee] is marked by different combi-
nations of vowels, such as ea, ei, e final, mute ee, and ie. In the two last
combinations of ee and ie, the Irish never mistake; such as in meet, seem, field,
believe, &c; but in all the others, they almost universally change the sound
of e into a. Thus in the combination ea. they pronounce the words tea, sea,
please, as if they were spelt, lay, say, plays', instead of tee, see, pleese. The
English constantly give this sound to ea whenever the accent is on the vowel
e, except in the following words, great, a pear, a bear, to bear, to forbear, to
swear, to tear, to wear. In all which the e has the sound of ^ in hHe. For
want of knowing these exceptions, the gentlemen of Ireland, after some time
of residence in London, are apt to fall into the general rule, and pronounce
these words as if spelt greet, beer, swear, &c-
" 2?i is also sounded ee by the English, and as a by the Irish ; thus the word
deceit, receive, are pronounced by them as if written desate, xesave. Ei is al-
wa3 r s sounded ee, except when a g follows it, as in the words reign, feign, deign,
&c. ; as also in the words rein (of a bridle), rem-deer, vein, drein, veil, heir,
which are pronounced like rain, vain, drain, vail, air.
" The final mute e makes the preceding e in the same syllable, when ac-
cented, have the sound of ee, as in the words supreme, sincere, replHe. This
rule is almost universally broken through by the Irish, who pronounce all such
words as if written supreme, sincere, replHe, &c. There are but two excep-
tions to this rule in the English pronunciation, which are the words there,
where.
" In the way of marking this sound, by a double e, as thus ee, as the Irish
never make any mistakes, the best method for all who want to acquire the
right pronunciation of these several combinations is, to suppose that ea, ei,
and e, attended by a final mute e, are all spelt with a double e, or ee.
«* Ey is always sounded like * by the English, when the accent is upon it;
as in the words prey, convey, pronounced pray, convny. To this there are but
two exceptions, in the words key and liy, sounded hee, lee. The Irish, in at-
tempting to pronounce like the English, often give the same sound to ey, as
usually belongs to ei; thus for prey, convey, they say, pree, convee.
" A strict "observance of these few rules, with a due attention to the
very few exceptions enumerated above, will enable the well-educated natives
of Ireland to pronounce their words exactly in the fame way as the more po-
lished part of the inhabitants of England do, so far as the vowels are con-
cerned. The diphthongs they commit no -fault in, except in the sound of},
which has been already taken notice of ia the Grammar: where, likewise,
the only difference in pronouncing any of the consonants has been pointed
out; which is, the thickening the sounds of d and t, in certain situations
and .an easy method proposed of correcting this habit, &c."
Irish pron.
che'arful
ft'arful
diir
fliir
gape
fe th'er (gather)
eard
b|ll
bush
push
pull
pul'pit
elVf
kitch (catch)
ciarse (coarse)
cSurse (course)
c6urt
malicious
pudding
quish (auash)
lezh'ur (leisure)
clamour
Me'kil [Michael)
drith [drought)
sirch (search)
source (source)
e&shion
strenth (strength)
English pron.
cheVful
flr'ful
dire
Aire
glpe
gath'er
berd
bull
bush
push
pull
pul'pit
cllf
Catch
ciarse
ciarse
ciurt
malfsh'us
pudding
quash
le'zhur
clatn'mur
Ml'kel
drout
sirch
si roe
cushion
strenkth
Irish pron.
English pron.
leiith (length)
Uaklh
str&v [strove)
strive
drav (drove)
drive
teii'ure
tenure
ten'able
te'nable
wrath
wrath
wrath (wroth)
writli
fa'rewel
far' we I
ride
rid
stride
strid
shine
shin
shism (schism)
s?ztn
wherefore
wher'fore
therefore
theVfbre
breth 'breadth)
bfedth
eowld (cold)
cild
bowld [bold)
bild
coffer
ci'fer
enda'avour
endlv'Sr
fut (foot)
fut
mischievous
tnis'chivous
111'ion (onion)
Sn'nyun
P&t
put
retell (reach)
reach
squadron
squiri'run
zaalous
zil'lllS
zaa'lot
Zel'lut
Rules to be observed by the Natives of Scotland, for attaining a just Pronunciation
of English.
That pronunciation which distinguishes the inhabitants of Scotland is of
a very different kind from that of Ireland, and may be divided into the quan-
tity, quality, and accentuation, of the vowels. With respect to quantity, it
may be observed, that the Scotch pronounce almost all their accented vowels
long. Thus, if I am not mistaken, they would pronounce habit, haii-bit ; tepid,
tee-pid; sinner, seener ; conscious, cone-shus ; and subject, soobject : it is not pre-
tended, however, that every accented vowel is so pronounced, but that such
a pronunciation is very general, and particularly of the i. This vowel is
short in English pronunciation where the other vowels are long; thus evasion,,
adhesion, emotion, confusion, have the a, e, o, and u, long ; and in these in-
stances the Scotch would pronounce them like the English; but in vision, de-
cision, &c. where the English pronounce the i short, the Scotch lengthen this
letter by pronouncing it like ee t as if the words were written vee-sion, decee-
sion, &c. and this peculiarity is universal. The best way, therefore, to cor-
rect this, wili be to make a collection of the most usual words which have the
vowel short, and to pronounce them daily till a habit is formed.
With respect to the quality of the vowels, it may be observed that the
inhabitants of Scotland are apt to pronounce the a like azv, where the English
give it the slender sound: thus Satan is pronounced Sawtan, and fatal, faw-
ial. It may be remarked too, that the Scotch give this sound to the a pre-
ceded by iv, according to the general rule, without attending to the excep-
tions ; and thus, instead of making wax, waft, and twang, rhyme with tax,
shaft, and hang, they pronounce them so as to rhyme with box, soft, and
song. The short e in bed,fed, red, &c. borders too much upon the English
sound of a in bad,lad, mad, &c. and the short i in bid, lid, rid, too much on
the English sound of € in bed, led, red. To correct this error, it would be
useful to collect the long and short sounds of these vowels, and to pronounce
the long ones first, and to shorten them by degrees till they are perfectly
short: at the same time preserving the radical sound of the vowel in both.
Thus the correspondent long sounds to the e in bed, fed, red, are bade, fade,
rade, and that of the short i in bid, lid, rid, are bead, lead, reed; and the former
of these classes will naturaily lead, the ear to the true sound of the latter, the
only difference lying in the quantity. The short o in not, lodge, got, &c. is
apt to slide into the short u, as if the words were written, nut, ludge, gut, &c.
to rectify this, it should be remembered, that this o is the short sound of aw,
and ought to have the radical sound of the deep a in ball. Thus the radical
sound corresponding to the o in not, cot, sot, is found in naught, caught, sought,
&c. and these long sounds, like the former, should be abbreviated into the
short ones. But what will fetid greatly to clear the difficulty will be, to re-
member that only those .voids have the o sounded like short u when the
accent is upon it; and with respect to u, in bull, full, pull, &c. it may be
observed, Thar the pronunciation peculiar to the English is only found in
the words enumerated.
In addition to what has been said, it may be observed that oo in food y
mood, moon, soon, &c. which ought always to have a long sound, is generally
shortened in Scotland to that middle sound of the u in bull; and it must be
remembered; that zvool, wood, good, hood, stood, foot, are the only words where .
this sound of oo ought to take place.
Errors in the 'Pronunciation of the Welsh.
Besides a peculiarity of inflexion, which I take to be a falling cirenmflex,.
directly opposite to- that of the Scotch, the Welsh pronounce the sharp con-
sonants and aspirations instead of the flat. Thus for big they say pick; for
blood, phot; and (or good, coot. Instead of virtue and vice, they say frtue and
fee; instead of Zealand prdi se. they say seal and prace: instead of these and
"those, they say thece and thoce ; and instead of azure and osier, they say aysher
and osher ; and for jail, chail. Thus there are nine distinct consonant sounds
which, to the Wel«h, are entirely useless. To speak with propriety, there-
fore, the Welsh ought for some time to pronounce the flat consonants and
aspirations only; that is, they ought not only to pronounce them where
the letters require the fiat sound, but even where they require the sharp
sound; this will be the best way to acquire a habit; and when this is once
done, a distinction will be easily made, and a just pronunciation move
readily acquired-
faults of ike Londoners, who ought to be the purest Models of Pronunciation.
1st. Pronouncing s indistinctly after st.
The letter s after st, from the very difficulty of its pronunciation, is
often sounded inarticulately. The inhabitants of London, of the lower
order, cut the knot, and pronounce it in a distinct syllable, as if e were
before it; but this is to be avoided as the greatest blemish in speaking;
the three last letters in posts i fids, mists, &c. must ail be distinctly heard in
one syllable, and without permitting the letters to coalesce. For ths-
acquiring of this sound, it will be proper to select nouns that end in st or
ste ; to form them into plurals, and pronounce them forcibly and distinctly
every day. The same may be observed of the third person of verbs ending
in sts or sles, as persists, wastes, hastes, &c.
2d. Pronouncing w for v, and inversely.
The pronunciation of v for zv, and more frequently of w for v, among
the inhabitants of London, and those not always uf the lower order, is a
blemish of the first magnitude. The difficulty of remedying this defect is
the greater, as the cure of one of these mistakes has a tendency to promote
the other.
Thus, if you are very careful to make a pupil pronounce veal and vinegar,
not as if written zveal and zoinegar, you will find him very apt to pronounce
zvine and ivind as if written vine and vind. The only method of rectifying
this habit seems to be this: let the pupil select from a dictionary, not only
all the words that begin with v, but as many as he can of those that have
this letter in any other part. Let him be told to bite his under lip while he
is sounding the v in those words, and to practise this every day till he pro-
nounces the v properly at first sight: then, and not till then, let him pursue
the same method with the w; which he must be directed to pronounce by a
pouting out of the lips, without suffering them to touch the teeth. Thus, by
giving all the attention to only one of these letters at a time, and fixing by
habit the true sound of that, we shall at last find both of them reduced to
their proper pronunciation in a shorter time than by endeavouring to rectify
them both at once.
3d Not sounding h after w.
The aspirate h is often sunk, particularly in the capital, where we do not
find the least distinction of sound between while and wile, whet and wet, where
and were, &c. The best method to rectify this is, to collect all the words
of this description from a dictionary, and write them down; and instead
of the wh to begin them with hoo in a distinct syllable, and so to pronounce
them. Thus let while be written and sounded hoo-ile; whet, hoo-ei ; where,
hoo-are; whip, koo-ip, &c. This is no more, as Dr. Lowth observes, than
placing the aspirate in its true position before the w, as it is in the Saxon,
which the words come from; where we may observe, that though we have
altered the orthography of our ancestors, we have still preserved their pro-
nunciation,
4 th. Not sounding h where it ought to be sounded, and inversely .
A still worse habit than the last prevails, chiefly among the people of
London, that of sisking the h at Ihe beginning of words where it ought
to be sounded, and of sounding it, either where i-t is not seen, or where it
ought to be sunk. Thus we not unfrequently hear, especially among children,
heart pronounced art, and arm, harm. This is a vice perfectly similar to that
of pronouncing the v for the tv, and the to for the v, and requires a similar
method to correct it.
5th. Sounding r after some words ending in ow.
It is not uncommon to hear many low Cockneys sounding the letter r after
exv, m fellow, window, &c For idea they also say idean
Mr. Walker's Table of the Simple and Diphthongal Vowels referred to by the Figures
over the Letters in this Dictionary.
THEIR DIFFERENT SOUNDS.
1. a. The long slender English a, as in f ate, pl-per, &c.
2. 1. The long Italian a, as in fir, f 1-ther, pa-pi, mam-nil.
3. I. The broad German a, as in fill, will, wl-ter.
4. a. The short sound of the Italian a, as in fat, mat, mar-ry.
1. e. The long e, as in me, hire, mi-tie, medium.
2. e. The short e, as in met, lit, get.
1. 1. The long diphthongal i, as in pine, tl-tle.
2. I. The short simple i, as in p!n, tit-tie.
1. 6. The long open 0, as in n6, note, n6-tice.
2. o. The long close 0, as in move, prove.
3. o. The long broad 0, as in nor, for, or ; like the broad I.
4. 6. The short broad 0, as in not, hot, got.
1. i. The long diphthongal u, as in tube, cl-pid.
2. 6. The short simple «, as in tub, cup, sup.
3. u. The middle or obtuse u, as in bull, full, pull.
of. The long broad o, and the short ?, as in oil.
ou. The long broad o, and the middle obtuse u, as in thou, pound.
T&. The acute or sharp tfi, as in think, thin.
Th. The grave or flat th, as in this, tint
MR. SHERIDAN S SCALE.
Hat, hate, liill — met, devout, tea— give, wine, yield-
Hot, vote, lose— hit, push, sure— truH, trj— thus, tliick
THE
UNION DICTIONARY,
ABB
ABB
Rite, tav,call , clt ; be, bet ; wlne,wln ; si, pr5ve,f 5r, pot ; cube, cub, full ; sSI!, mound j thick, tkxi v.
A THE first letter of the alphabet; A,
■> an article set before nouns of the sin-
gular number ; a man, a tree ; before a
word beginning with a vowel, it is written
an, as an ox ; A is sometimes a noun, as
great A; A is placed before a participle,
or participial noun ; A hunting. Prior.—
A begging:. Dryd. — A has a signification
denoting proportion ; the landlord hath a
hundred a year.
Abick,J-br.k'. s. a plain square surface. B.Jon.
Abacus, ab'a-kus. s. a counting-table ; the
uppermost member of a column.
Abaft, a-baft.'. a. fiora the forepart of the ship
toward the stern.
Abandon, a-ban'djtn. v. a. to give up. Dryd.
— to desert. Shak.— to forsake. Speii.
Abandoned, a-ban'dind. part. a. given up.
Shak.— fora'aken ; corrupted in the highest
degree.
Abandonment, a-baii'dSn-ment. s. the act of
abandoning.
Abarliculation. ab-'r-t ik- u-la'shun. s. that spe-
cies of articulation that has manifest mo-
lion.
Abase, a-bise'. v. a. to cast down ; to depress.
Sid.
Abasement, a-bise'ment. s. depression.
Abash, a-bash'. v. a. to make ashamed. Milt.
Abate, abate', v. a. to lessen, to diminish.
Dav.— to deject, or depress. Dryd.
Abate, a-bate'. v. n. to grow less. Dryd.
Abatement, a-bate'ment. s. tne act of abat-
ing. Locke. — The. sum or quantity taken
away in the act of abating. Swift.
Abater, d-ba'-tur. s. the agent or cause "by
which an abatement is procured. Arb.
Abb, ab. s. the yarn on a weaver's warp.
Cham.
Abbacy, ab'bi-se. s. the rights or privileges of
an abbot.
Abbess, ib'bess. s, the superior of a nunnery.
Abbey, or Abby, ab'be. s. a monastery of
religious persons. Shak.
Abbot, ab'but. s. the chief of a convent of
men.
Abbreviate, ab-bre've-.'ite. v. a. to shorten, to
cut short. Brown.
Abbreviation, ab-bre-ve-a'shun s. the act of
abbreviating. Swift.
Abbreviator, "ab-bre-ve-a'tur. s. one who a-
bridges.
Abbreviature, ab-brJ've-a- tenure, s. a mark
used for the sake of shortening; an abride-
ment. Toy.
Abdicate, ab'de-ka:e. v. a. to give up, to re-
sign- Ad.
Abdicatioii, abde-ki'shun. s. the act of abdi-
cating, resignation.
Abdicative, ab'de-ca-tlve. (ib-dlk'ka-Uv. S.) a.
that causes abdication. — In pronouncing this
word, present usage seems to decide in fa-
vour of Mr. Walker.
Abdomen, ab-do'men. s. a cavity commonly
called the lower venter, or belly.
Abdominal, ab-ddm'me-nal. \ a. relating to
Abdominous, ab-dorn'me-nus./ the abdomen.
Abduce, ab-duse'. v. a. to draw to a different
part, to withdraw one part from another.
Brown.
Abduceni, ab-dusent. a. muscles abducent
serve ta open or pull back divers parts of
the body.
Abductor, ab-diik'tor. s. the muscle which
draws back the several members. Arb.
Abearance, a bare'anse. i. behaviour. Blackst.
Abecedary, db'es-se-da-re. a. belonging to the
alphabet.
Abed, a-bid'. a. in bed. Sid.
Aberrance, ab-er'ianse. 1 s. a deviation from
Aberrancy, ab-er'ran-se.i the right way, an
error. Glan. Brir.cn.
Aberrant, lb Ir'rant. a. wandering from the
right or known way.
ABL
ABR
Rite, t*r, call, cat ; bJ, bet ; wine, win ; s6,prSve,
Aberration, ab-er-ra'shun. s. the act of deviat-
\ri2 from the common track. Glon.
Aberring, ab trYfng. part, going astray. Br.
Aberuncate, db-&-run'kate. v. a. to pull up by
the roots.
Abet, aba', v. a. to push forward another ; to
support him in his designs.
Abetment, a bll'mlnt. s. the act of abetting.
Abetter, or Abettor, a-bot'r&r. s. the supporter
or encourager of another. Dryd.
Abeyance, a-ba'anse. s. the right of fee-sim-
ple lieth in abeyance, whea it is all only
in the remembrance, intendment, and
consideration of the law. Cow.
Abhor, !b-h?>r' .v. a. to hate with acrimony.
Milt.
Abhorrence, ab-hdr'rense.? s. the act of ab-
Abhorrency,ab-hdr'ren-s£.) horring, detesta-
tion. Lowth. South.
Abhorrent, abhdr'rint. a. struck with abhor-
rence; foreign; inconsistent with. Dryd.
Abhorrer, ab-hwrar. s. a hater, a detester.
Swift.
Abide, a-bkle. v. n. to dwell in a place, not
to remove ; to continue in thft same state.
StV. N. B. It is used with the particle
with before a person, and at or in before a
place. — v. a. to expect, await; to bear or
support the consequences of a thing. Milt.
— to bear or suffer. Pope.
Abidcr, a-bl'dSr. s. the person that abides or
dwells in a place.
Abiding, I-bl'dhig. s. continuance. Bal.
Abject, abjokt. a. mean, or worthless. Ad. —
contemptible. Milt. — despicable. Dryd.
Abject, al/jckt. y. a man without hope.
Abject, abjekt'. v. a. to throw away.
Abjectedness, ab-jek'tld-ness. s. the state of
an abject. Boy.
Abjection, ab-jek'-shun. s. meanness of mind ;
servility.
Abjectly. Ib'jekt-U. ad. in an abject manner;
meanly.
Abjectness, ab'jekt-nlss. s. servility, mean-
ness. Gr.
Ability, a-biUte. s. the power to do any
thing. Sid.— qualification, power. Dan.
Ns B. When it has the plural number, abi-
lities, it frequently signifies the faculties of
the mind. " " Bog.
Abintestate, Sb-m-tcs'-tite. a. a term of law,
implying him that inherits from a man,
who though he had the power to make a
will, yet did not make it.
Abjuration, ab-ju-ri'-shiin, s. the act of ab-
juring.
Abjure, abjure', v. a. to swear not to do^ome-
thing. HaU— to retreat, or recant.
Ablactate, ab-lik'tate. v. a. to wean from the
breast.
Ablactation, ab-Uk-ta'sburr. s. one of the me-
thods of grafting.
Ablaqueation, ab-la kwi-a'shuti. s, the open-
ing of the ground about the roots of trees.
Evel.
Ablation, abli'shun. .?. the act of taking away.
Ablative, ab'la-tiv. a. that takes away ; the
sixth case of the Latin nouns.
Able, a'bl. a. having strong faculties, or great
strength or knowledge, riches, &c. Bac.
Able-bodied, a bl-bSd'did: a. strong of body.
Ablegate, ablegate, v. a. to send abroad up-
on home employent.
Allegation, ab-16-ga'shun. y. sending abroad.
Ableness, a'bl nlss. s. ability of body, vigor.
Sid.
Ablepsy,»b'Icp »h. s. want of sight.
for, p6t; cube, cfib, full; soil, mound ; thick, thus.
Abluent, ab'iu-Jnt. a. that has the power of
cleaning.
Ablution, ab-lu'shiin. s. the act of cleansing,
Abnegate, ab'ne-gate v. a. to deny.
Abnegation, db-n£ gashun. s. denial, renun-
ciation. Ham.
Aboard, a-b&rd'. ad. in a ship. Bah
Abode, a bide', s. habitation, place of re-
sidence. Wal.— Continuance in a place. Sh.
Abodement, a-bide'ment s. a secret antici-
pation of something future. Shak.
Abolish, a-b&i'lish. v. a. to annul. Hoo. — to
destroy. Hayw.
Abolishable, a-bdl'llsh-a-bl. a. that may be
abolished.
Abolisher, a-bdllish-ur. s. he that abolishes.
Abolishment, a-b61'l?sh- merit, s. the act of a-
bolishing. Hoo.
Abolition, lb 6-llsh'un. s. the act of abolishing.
Gr.
Abominable, a-bdm'£-na-bl. a. hateful, detest-
able.
Abominableness, a-b6m'e-na-bl-n£ss. s. hate-
fulness, odiousness. Bent.
Abominably, a botn'e-na-ble. arf. odiously. Arb.
Abominate, a-b6m'e-nate. v. a. to abhor, de-
test, hare utterly. ' Sou.
Abomination, a-bdm-e-na'shun. s. hatred, de-
testation. Swift.— Pollution, defilement. Sk.
Aborigines, ab-o-ridge-6 nez. s. the earliest
inhabitants of a country.
Abord, a'-bdrd, s. address," manner of accost-
ing. Chesterfield.
Abortion, a-bdr'shun. s. the act of bringing
forth untimely ; the produce of an untime-
ly birth. Arb.
Abortive, a bdr'tiv. s. that which is born be-
fore the due time. — a. brought forth before
the due time of birth. Shak.— that brings
forth nothing. Mitt.
Abortively, a-bdr't?v-l&. ad. bom without the
due time, immaturely, untimely.
Abortiveness, a-bSr'tly-n&ss. s. the state of a-
bortion.
Abortment, a-bdrt'mSnt. s. the thing brought
forth out of time; an untimely birth. Bac.
Above, a -buv'. prep, higher in place. Dryd. —
Superior to, unattainable by. Swift.— Too
proud for. Pope. — Overheard. Bac— In the
regions of heaven. Pope.
Above-all, a-buv-all. in the first place,
chief! y. Dr.
Above-board, a buv'boird. in open sight, with-
out artifice "or trick. LEsir.
Above-cited, 1-buv-si'led. cited before. Add.
Above ground, a-buv-grdund. not in the grave.
Above-mentioned, a-buv'nien-shiind. mention-
ed before.
Abound, a-bdimd'. v. n. to have in great
plenty, to be in great plenty.
About, a bout. prep, surrounding, encircling
Dr.— Near to. Ben Jon.— Concerning, with
regard to. Locke.— Engaged in. Toy.— Cir-
cularly. Shak.— Nearly. Bac.-^Here and
there, every where, the longest way. Shak.
Abracadabra, ab-i a-ka-dab'ra. s. a superstiti-
ous charm against agues.
Abrade, a-bilde'. v. a. to rub off, to wear a-
way from the other parts. Ha.
Abraham's balm, a'brams-balm. s. an herb.
Abrasion, a-bra'zhun. s. the act of abrading,
the rubbing off.
Abreast, J-brgst'. ad. side by side. Shak.
Abridge, a-biidje'. v. a. to make shorter in
words, keeping still the same substance ;
to contract, to cut short. Locke.
Abridged of, a-bridjd'dv. p. deprived of.
ABS
ABU
Rite, tir, cllljCat ; be, bet ; wine, win ; sJ, prove,
Abridger, a-br!d'jfir. s. he that abridges, a
writer of compendiums or abridgments.
Abridgment, a-bridge'ment. s. the contrac-
tion of a larger work into a small compass.
Hoo.—A diminution in general. Don.—
Restraint or abridgment of liberty. Locke.
Abroach, a-brotch. ad. in a posture to run
out. — In a state of being diffused or pro-
pagated. Sh.
Abroad, a-brlwd'. ad. without confinement.
Mi It. —Oat of the house. Shak.— In an-
other country. Moo.
Abrogate, abro-gate. v. a. to repeal, to an-
. mil. ' Ho.
Abrogation, ab-rJ-ga'shSti. s. the act of abro-
gating, the repeal of a law. Clar.
Abrood, a-br6od'. adv. in the act of brooding.
Davie s.
Abrupt, abrupt', a. broken, craggy. Thorn. —
Divided. Milt.— Sudden, without the cus-
tomary preparatives. ' Shak.
Abruption, ab-rfep'shfen. s. violent and sud-
den separation. Wood.
Abruptly, ab-rupt'le. ad. hastily, without the
due forms of preparation. Add.
Abruptness, ab-rfepfiiess. s. an abrupt man-
ner, roughness, cragginess. Woad.
Abscess, abslss. s. a morbid cavity in the
body. Ar.
Abscind, ab-s?nd. v. a. to cut off.
Abscission, ab-sizh 'fen. (ab-sis'shfeif. S.) s. the
act of cutting off. Wis.— The state of be-
ing cut off, Brown'.
Abscond, abskond'. v.n. to hide one's self.
Absconder, ab skon'dfir. s. the person that
absconds.
Absence, ab'slnse. s. the state of being ab-
sent, inattention, heedlessness. Add.
Absent, ab'sent, a. not present. Pope.— Ab-
sent in mind^inattentive. Add.
Absent, absent, v. a. to forbear to come in-
to presence. . Shak
Absentee, afo-sln-t&'. j. a word used com-
monly with regard to Irishmen living out
of their country. Davies.
Absinthiated, ab-sin't&l-a-t8d. p. impregnat-
ed with wormwood.
Absist, ab-slst'. v. n. to stand off, to leave
off.
Absolve, ab-z61v'. v. a. to clear, to acquit of
a crime. Shak, — To set free from an en-
gagement. Wal— To pronounce a sin re-
mitted. To.
Absolute, ab^A lute. a. complete. Hoo. — Un-
conditional. South.— Not limited. Dryd.
Absolutely, ab'sA-lute-U-, ad. completely,with-
out restriction. Sid. — Peremptorily, posi-
tively. ^ Milt.
Absoluteness, ab'silite-ness. s. completeness,
freedom from dependence or limits. Clar.
Despotism. Bac.
Absolution, ab-sc-lushuii. 5. acquittal, the re-
mission of sins, or penance. South.
Absolutory, ab-solu-tfer-re. s. that which re-
solves. _
Absonant; ab'sA nant. a. contrary to reason.
Absonous,ab's6-nus. a. absurd, contrary to
reason.
Absorb, ab-sSrb'. v. a. to swallow up. Phil. —
To suck up. Har.
Absorbent, ab-sor'beut. s. a medicine that
sucks up humours.
Absorpt, ab s6rpt'. p. swallowed up. PoPe.
Absorption, ab-sorp'shfen. s. tiie act of swal-
lowing up. Bur.
Abstain, ab-stine'. v. n. to forbear, to deny
cue's self any gratification.
fSr, pit ; cube, cfeb, full ; soil, mound; thick, thus.
Abstemious, Ib-ste'me-fes. a. temperate, so
ber. Arh.
Abstemiously, ab-ste'me-us-le. ad. tempera-
tely, soberly.
Abstemiousness, ab ste'me-tis-niss. s. the qua-
lity of being abstemious.
Abstention, ab-stcn'shun. s. the act of holding
off.
Absterge, ab-sterje'. v. a. to cleanse by wip-
in S- : ,
Abstergent, ab ster'jent. a. cleansing, having
a cleansing quality.
Absterse,ab-sterse'.T;. a. to cleanse, to ptnifv.
Er'o.
Abstersion, ab-steY-shiin. i. the act of cleans-
ing. Bac.
Abstersive, ab-stt-r'siv. a. that has the quality
ofcleansing. Bac.
Abstinence, ab'ste-n?nse. s. forbearance of
any thing. Locke. — Fasting. Shak.
Abstinent, ib-stcVnent. a. that uses abstin-
ence.
Abstract, ab-strlkt'. v- a. to take one thing
from another, to separate ideas. Locke.
Abstract, ab-strakt'. a. separated from some-
thing else, generally used with relation to
menial perceptions. Wit.
Abstract, ab'strakt. .?. a smaller quantity, con-
taining the virtue or power of a greater.
Shak.— An epitome made by taking out the
principal parts. Watts.
Abstracted, Ib-strik'tid. part. a. separated.
Milt.— Refined, abstruse. Donne.
Abstractedly, ab-strak'ted-12. ad. simply, se-
parately from allcontingentcircumstances.
Dryd.
Abstraction, ab strak'sk&n. s. the act of ab-
stracting. Wat.— The state of being ab-
stracted.
Abstractive, ab-strak'tlv. a. having the power
or quality of abstracting.
Abstractly, ab-strakt-le'. ad. in an abstract
manner, absolutely. Bent
Abstruse, ab-struse'. a. hidden, remote from
conception or apprehension.
Abstrusely, ab-strfese'le. ad. obscurely, not
plainly.'
Aostruseness, abstrfese'niss. s. difficulty, o*
obscurity. Boyle.
Atsrtusity, ab-stru'ae-te. s. abstruseness.
Ab.sume, ab-suaie'. v. a. K> bring to an end
by a gradual waste. Hale.
Absurd, ab-sferd'. a. unreasonable. Bac. — In-
consistent. South.
Absurdity, ib sfer'de th.s. the quality of being
absurd." Lor^.— That which is abs'urd. Add.
Absurdly, ab-sferd'ie. ad. improperly, unrea-
sonably. Swift.
Absurdness, ab-sferd'ness. s the quality of be>
ing absurd, impropriety.
Abundance, a-bfen'danse, s. plenty. Cra. —
Great numbers. Add.— Exuberance. Spen.
Abundant, a-bfen'dant. a. plentiful. Mile—
Exuberant. Arb.
Abundanily, a-bun'dant-lc. ad. plentifully,
amply, liberally. Bog:
Abuse, 3-buze'. v. a. to make an ill use of,
to 1reat with rudeness. Stak.
Abiwe, a-bfese'. s. the ill use of any thing.
Hoo.—A corrupt practice. Swift.
Abuser, a-bi'zur. 5. He that makes an ill use,
he that deceives. De t.—A ravisher.
Abusive, a-bfe'siv. a. practising abuse. Pope.
—Containing abuse. fas.
Abusive'y.a bu'slv-le. ^.reproachfully. Her.
Abut, .! but', v. n. (obsolete) to end at, to
border upon, to meet.
B 2
ACC
RUe, tar, call, cat ; be, bet ; wine, win ; so, prove, fu
Abutment, 3-btit'miat. s. that whfeh borders
upon another.
Abvss, a-bhs'. s. a depth without bottom.
Milt.— A great depth, a gulf. Dryd.— The
body of waters at the centre of the earth.
Bur.— Hell. Rose.
Acacia, a-ka'she a. s. a drug brought from
Egypt, a tree commonly so called ru ve.
Academial.ak-a-de'me-al. a. relating to an a-
cademy.
Academian, ak-a-de'me-an. s. a scholar of an
academy. Wood.
Academical, ak-a-dem'mi-kal. a. belonging to
an university. Wot.
Academician, ak-ka-de-mishan. s. the mem-
ber of an academy.
Academic, ak---dem r ik. .?. a student of an uni-
versity. Waits.
Academic, ik-ka-dem'!k, a. relating to an uni-
versity.
Acadetnist, ^^'^}-\ *■ the member of
' taka-dem-ist. J an academv.&7v.
Academy. itX^-JP^l s - a society of
J - taka-dem'e. J men, uniting for
the promotion of some art. Shak.— An uni-
versity.— A p'ace of education, in contra-
distinction to the universities or public
schools.—/;/ pronouncing this, and ike. pre-
ceding rear d. present usage seems to' decide
in favour of the accent being placed on the
second syllable.
Acanthus, a-kan'thus. j. the herb bear's foot
' * Mil.
Acatalectic, 3-k.U a-lck'i?c. s. a verse which
has the complete number of syallables.
Accede, ak-skte'. v. >/. to be added to, to
come to.
Accelerate, ak-scTlur-ate. v. a. to hasten, to
quicken motion. Bac.
Acceleration, Sk-sel-lar-a'shun. s. the act of
quickening motion, the state of the body
accelerated.
Accelerative,ak-sel'l&r-a-t!v. a. increasing the
velocity of progression. Reid.
Accend, ak-send'. v. a. to kindle, to set on fire.
Accension,rik-sen'-phun. s. tbeactol kindling,
or the state of being kindled. Wood.
Accent, -Ik'seiit. y. the manner of pronoun-
cing. Sk.—The marks made upon syllables
to regulate their pronunciation, holder. —
A modification of the voice, expressive of
the passions or sentiments. Prcr.
Accent. ak-sint'. v. a. to pronounce, to speak
words with particular regard to the gram-
matical marks or rules. Locke. — To note
the accents.
Accentual, ak-sen'tshu-al. a. relating to ac-
cents.
Accentuate, ak-sln'tshu-ate. v. a. to place
the proper accents oveMhe vowels.
Accentuation, ak-j-en-tshu-a'shtin. s. the act
of placing the accent in pronunciation.
Accept, ak-sept'. v. a. to receive kindly, to
meet with approbation. Dryd.
Acceptability, ak-sep-ta bil'le-tL s. the qua-
lity of being acceptable. Tay.
Acceptable, ak'sc-p-'a-bl. a. grateful, pleasing".
— Though Mr. Walker places the accent en
the first, he notwithstanding gives a prefer-
ence to its being on the second syllable.
Acccptableness, 3k'sep-ta-bl-ness. s. the qua-
lity of being acceptable. Grew.
Acceptably, ak'sep-ta-ble. ad. in an accepta-
ble manner. __ Tay.
Acceptance, dk-stp'taiise. s. reception with
approbation. Sp.
Acceptation, ak-sep-ta'shun. s. reception,
ACC
r, pot : cube, cub, full ; soil, niound ; thick, th us.
whether good or bad ; regard; the meaning
of a word.
Accepter, ak-sip'tSr. s. the person that ac-
cepts.
Acception, ak-sep'shun. s. the received sense
of a word/the meaning. Ham.
Access, ak-sess'. s. the way by which any thing
may be approached. Bam.— The means of
approaching either to things or men. Milt.
—Enlargement, addition. Bac.
Accessariness, ak'sls-siri-nfes. s. the stale of
being accessary,
Accessary, 3k'sls-sa.-r&. s. he that, not being
the chief agent in a crime, contributes to
it. Ctar.
Accessary, ak'ses-sa-re. . joined to, additional,
helping forward.
Accessible, ak-ses'se bl. a. that may be ap-
proached.
Accession, dk-sesh'un. s. increase, enlarge-
ment, the act of coming to, the act of ar-
riving at.
Accessorily, ak'ses-so-rMe. ad. in the manner
of an accessory.
Accessory, ak'sfe's-si-re. a. joined to another
thing, so as to increase it ; additional.
Accidence, ak'se deT.se. ->. the first rudiments
of grammar, explaining- thje properties of
the eight ra-rts of speech.
Accideni, akVi dent. s. the property or qua-
lity of any being. Dav.—ln grammar, the
property of a word. /M— Casualty, chance.
Hook.
Accidental, ak-se-den'ial. 5. a property non-
essential.
Accidental, ak-se-den'tal. a. non-essential,
casual, happening bv chance.
Accidentally, ak-se-d^h'tal-ie. ad. non-essen-
t tally, casually .
Accide"ntainess,'ak-se-dln'tal-n6ss. 4. the qua-
lity of being accidental.
Accipient.sk-stp'pe-ant s. a receiver.
Accite, ak-slle'. v. a. -to call, to summons.
Shak.
Acclaim, ak-klkne'. s. a shout of praise, ac-
clamation. Milt,
Acclamation, ak-kla-mashun. s. shouts of
applause. South.
Acclivity, ak'-kliv've-te. s. the slope of a line
inclining to the horizon, reckoned upward.
Ray.
Acclivous, ak-kll'vus. a. rising with aslope.
Accloy, ak-k!oe'. v. a. to fill up, in an ill sense.
Sp.— To fill to satiety. Ray.
Accoil, ak-koii'. v. n. to crowd, to keep a
coil about, to bustle.
Accolent, ak'kA-lent. s. a bordere.r.
Aecommodable, ak-kom'mi-da-bl. a. that
may be fitted. Watts.
Accommodate, ak-k6m'm6-dite. v. a. to sup-
ply with convenience. Shak.
Accommodate, ak k6m'mi-date. a. suitable,
fit.
Accommodately, ak-k6m'mo-date-le. ed. suit-
ably, fitly.
Accommodation, Sk -kom-mJ-da shun s. provi-
sion of conveniences. In the plural, con-
veniences; reconciliation, adjustment.
Accompanable, ak-kum-pa'n.rbl! a. sociable.
Accompanier, dk-ktun'pa-ne-ur. s. the person
that makes part of the com pany , cempan ion .
Accompaniment, ak-kiun'pa-ne-rncnt. s. what
accompanies some other thing as its prin-
cipal and makes an audition to it (a mu-
sical term). Gray.
Accompany, ik-kunS'pa-ne. v. a. to be with
another as a companion, to join with, Sw.
ACC
ACI
?t£te,tsr, call, cat; bh, bet; wine, win; si, prove,
Accomplice, ak-kdm'pl!s. s. an associate,
usuallv in an ill sense. Swift.— A partner.
Add.
Accomplish, ak-k6m'plisb. v. a. to complete,
to execute full}', to fulfil as a prophecy.
Add.— To obtain. Shah.
Accomplished, ak-k6rn'plish-id. p. a. complete
in some qualification. Locke. — Elegant. Mil.
Accomplishes ak-kdm'plish-ur. s. the person
that accomplishes.
Accomplishment, ak-k6m'pl!sb-mint. s. com-
pletion, full performance. i/<3y.— Embel-
lishment of mind or body. Add.— The act
of obtaining any thing. South.
Aceompt, ak-kount'. s. an account, a reckon-
ing. ' Hoo.
Accomptant, ak'keun'tant. s. a reckoner, a
computer.
Accord, ik-kovd'. v. a. to make agree, to ad-
just one thing to another. — v. n. to agree,
to suit one with another. Til.
Accord, ak-kdrd'. s. an agreement. Dryd. —
Union of mind. Spins. — Harmony, symme-
try. Dryd.
Accordance, ak-kor'ddnse. s. agreement w'ith
a person. lair.— Conformity' to something.
Han.
Accordant, ak-kdr'daiit. a. willing, in a good
humour. _ Shak.
Accord ing,ak-kor'd?ng. p. in a manner suita-
ble to, agreeably to, in proportion. Hook.
Accordingly, ak-kdi'ding-le. ad. agreeably,
suitably. Sha'k.
Accost, dk-kost. v. n. to address, to salute.
Mitt.
Accostable, ak-kds'ta-bl. a. easy of access,
familiar Wat.
Account, ak-kount'. s. a computation of debts
or expences. Shak. — The state of a com^
putation, value, distinction, rank. Pope. —
Regard, sake. Locke. — A narrative. Shak.
. — Explanation. Locke. — (In law) a writ or
action brought against a man. Cow.
Account, ak-kount'. v. a. to esteem, to hold
in opinion, to reckon. Hold. — To assign
the causes. Swift. — To hold in esteem.
Accountable, ak-kdun'tl-bl. a. of whom an ac-
- count may be required, who must answer
for. Old.
Accountant, ak-koun'tant a. responsible for.
Stat.
Accountant, ak-koun'tdnt; s. a computer, a
man skilled or employed in accounts.
Br oiv//.
Account-book, ak-kdant'bdok. j. a book con-
taining accounts. Swift.
Accouple, aK-kup'pl. v. a. to link together.
Bac.
Accourt, ak-kirt'. v. a. to entertain with
courtesy.
Accoutre, ak-ku6'lur. v. a. to dress, to equip.
Dryd.
Accoutrement, ak-kod'tSr-ment. s. equipage,
trappings. Shak.
Accredited, ak-krcd'-it-ed. adj. of allowed
reputation, confidential. Mason.
Accretion, ak-kre'sh&n. s, the act of growing
together, -.o as to increase. Bac.
Accretive, ak kre'tiv. a. that which by growth
is added. Glanv.
Accroach, ak-kr&tsh'. v. a. to draw to one as
with a hook.
Accrue, ak-krdd'. v. a. to accede to, to be ad
dec! to. Hook.— in a commercial sense, to
arise, as profits. Add.
Accubation,ak-ku-ba'shun..r. theancient pos-
ture of leaning at meals. Brown.
fdnpdt ; cube, cub, full ; soil, mound ; thick, thus.
Accumb, ak-kfimb'. v. a. to lie at table.
Accumulate, ak-kfi'mi'la te. v. a. to pi'e up,
to heap together. Shak.
Accumulation, ak-ku-rnuda'shun. s. the act of
accumulating.
Accumulative, ak-ku'mu-la-tiv. a. that which
accumulates, that which is accumulated.
Accumulator, ak-ku'mu-la-tc\r. s. he that ac-
cumulates, a faeaper together.
Accuracy, ak'ku-ra-se. s. exactness, nicety. A>:
Accurate, ak'ku-rate. a. exact, as opposed to
negligence or ignorance, exact, without
defector failure. Cot.
Accurately, ak'ku-i-ite-le. ad. exactly, with-
out error. New.
Accurateness, ik'ki-rate-ness. s. exactness,
nicety. New.
Accurse,ak-kurse'. v. a. to doom to misery.
Hook.
Accursed, ak-kur'sed. part. a. that which is
cursed. Den.— Execrable, detestable. Shak.
Accusable, ak-k&'za-bl. a. that which may be
censured, culpable. Brown.
Accusation, ak-ki-za shun. s. the act of accus-
ing. Milt. — The charge brought against
any one. * Shak.
Accusative, ak-ku'za-t?v. a. a term of gram-
mar, the fourth case of a noun.
Accusatory. ak- kiza-tA-re. a. that which pro-
duces orcontains an accusation. Ayl.
Accuse, ak kuse'. v. a. to charge with a crime.
Dry.
Accuser, Ik-k&'zur. s. he that brings a charge
against another. Ayl.
Accustom, ik-kus'tum. v. a. to habituate, to
endure. Milt.
Accustomable, ak-kus'ium-ma-bl. a. long cus-
tom or habit. Ha.
Accustomabiy,ak-kus'tum-a-b!e. ad. according
to custom. " Bac.
Accustonaance, ak-kus'tum-manse. s. custom,
habit. Boyle.
Accustomarily, ak-kus'ium-ma-re-ll. ad. in a
custo.nary manner.
Accustomary, ak-kus'tum-ma-r£.;ad carcase. Calculator, kal'ku-H-tor. s. a computer.
Caddis, kad'dis. s. a kind of tape or riband. Calculatory, kal'ki-la-t&r-fe. a. belonging to
Shai — A kind of worm. Walt, calculation.
Cade, kade a. tame, soft. jCalcnle, kdi'-kule. s. reckoning, computation.
Cade, kade. v. a. to breed up in softness. jCalculose, kal-ku-lise'.^rt. stony, gritty.
Cade, kade. s. a barrel. Phil. Calculous, kdl'ku-l&s. ) Sharp.
Cadence, ki'dinse. ? j.fall, state of sinking. Mil. Calculus. kdl'ku-'&s. *. the stone in the bladder.
Cadency, ka'dlusi. f —The tall of the voice Caldron, kiwJ'dr&n. s. a pot, a kettle. Spen.
Crash.— The tone or sound. Swift. Calefaction,kdl-£-fdk'shtm. s. the act of keat-
Cadent, ka'dent. a. falling down. ing any thing, the staie of being heated.
Cadet, ka-dct'. s, the younger brother. Brown. CaleTactive, k.U-i-fdk'tiv. a. that which makes
—A volunteer in the army, in expectation any thing hot, heatiiag.
Of a commission. 1 Caleiactory , kal-fc-fik'tur-i. a. that which heats.
G2
CAL
CAN
Rite, tir, clll, cat; be, bit ; wlne,win ; sd, prSve,f3r, pSt ; cibe , cob, f Ml ; sS?|, mJ&nd ; tnick, rius.
Calefy, kil'e-fl. i;.«. to grow hot, to be heated.
Brown.
Calendar, kaTeivdiir. s. a register of the year,
marking the festivals and holidays. Shak.
Calender, kal'en-dar. s. a hot press, a press to
smooth cloth.
Calender, kalen-dar. v. a. to dress-cloth.
Calendrer,kal'en-drar. s. the person who ca-
lenders.
Calends, kal'endz. s. the first day of every
month among the Romans.
Calenture, kal'en-tshure. s. a fever, a distem-
per in hot climates. Swift.
Calf, kaf. s. the young of a cow. Williams. —
The thick, plump, bulbous part of the leg.
Caliber, kal'e-b&r. s. the bore, the diameter of
the barrel of a gun.
Calice, kal'is. s . a cup, a chalice.
Calico,kai 'e-k&.i-.anlndian stuffmade of cotton .
Calid, kal'id. a. hot, burning.
Calidity,ka-l!d'de-te. s. heat. Brown.
Caliduct,kaTe-dukt. s. a conveyer of heat.
Evelyn.
Calif, J" p/iif \ s. a title assumed by the suc-
Caliph,l vau ' J cessors of Mahomet among
the Saracens.
Caliphate, ka'le-Pate. s. the government of the
caliphs or successors of Mahomet among the
Saracens. , Gibbon.
Caligation,ki!-le-ga'shun.^.darkness,cloudiness.
Caliginous, ka-lidje'i-nus. a. obscure, dim.
Caliginousness,ka-lidje'e-n5s-nls. s. darkness.
Caliver,kaTe-vur..r.ahand-gun,an old musket.
Calk, klwk. v. a. to stop the leaks of a ship.
Calker, klw-knr. s. the workman that stops
the leaks of a ship.
Call, kiwi, v. a. to name, to denominate. Gen.
— To invite. Knol/es — To convoke. Clar. —
To summon judicially. Watts. — To summon
by command. Isaiah. — To challenge. Dryd.
Call, kiwi. s. a vocal address. Pope.— Requisjj
tion. Hook.— Divine vocation. Locke.— An
impulse. fiojc.-Command. Den.- A demand.
Add.— An instrument to call birds. Wi/lia.
— Calling, vocation. Dryd. — A nomination.
Sl!et,'{ kll ' 1St " }" tru11 ' shak -
Calling, klwl'liiig. s. vocation, profession,
trade. Rogers. Proper station. Swift. —
Divine vocation. Hake.
Callipers, kai'le-parz. s. compasses with bow-
ed shanks. Mox.
Callosity, kal-16s'se-te. .?. a kind of swelling
without pain. Quiti.
Callous, kallus. a. indurated, hardened. Wise.
Insensible. Dryd.
Callousness, kil'lSs-nfe. .?. induration of the
fibres. Cheyne.— Insensibility of mind. Btnt
Callow, kal'14. a. unfledged, wanting feathers.
Callus, kal'l&s. s. an induration of the fibres.
the hard substance by which broken bones
are united.
Calm, klm. a. quiet, serene, not stormy. Spin.
— Undisturbed, unrurfled. Alt.
Calm, kam. s. serenity, stillness. Raleigh.-
Freedom from disturbance. South
Calm, klm. v. a. to still, to quiet. Dryd. — To
pacify, to appease. Att
Calmer, kam'ar. s. the person or thing giving
quiet. Wait.
Calmly, klm'le. ad. without storms, without
passions, quietly. Prior.
Calmness, klm'nes. s. tranquillity, serenity
Den. — Freedom from passion. S/ia'k
Calomel, kiT6-mcl. s. mercury six times sub-
limed. W
Calorific, kal-i-rlf'ik. a. that which has the
quality producing heat. Crew
Calotte, kal-]6t'. s. a cap or coif.
Caltrops, kal'trops. s. aninstrument made with
four spikes, thrown on the ground to an-
noy the enemy's cavalry. Ad>1.—A plant.
Calve, kav. v. n. to bring a calf, spoken of a
cow. D ryd.
Calumniate, ka-lSnt'ni-ate. v. n. to accuse
falsely. Dryd.— v. a. to slander.
Calumniation, ka-!urn-ne a'shim. s. a malicious
^ representation of words or actions. Ayliffe.
Calumniator, ka-luin'ne-a-tar. s. a forger of ac-
cusation, a slanderer. Add.
Calumnious,ka-ium'n£-5s. a. slanderous, false-
ly reproachful. Shak.
Calumny, kalum-ne. s. slander, false charge.
Tern.
Calvinism, kalVcn-nizm. s. the religion ofCal-
vinists. _ Mason's Sup.
Calx, kalks. s. any thing rendered reducible to
powder bv burning. " Digby.
Calycle, kal'e-kl. s. a small bud of a plant.
Camaieu, ka-ma'y5§. s. a stone with various
representations of landscapes formed by
nature.
Camber, kam'bur. s. a piece of timber cut arch-
ing.
Cambrick, kame'brrk. s. a kind of fine linen.
Shak.
Came, kame the preterite of to come.
Camel, kam'il. s. a common beast of burden
in Arabia, Judaea, and the neighbouring
countries.
Camelopurd,ka-meT!A-p!rd. s. an animal taller
than an elephant, but not so thick.
Camelot,| .» ,.i. \s. a stuff originally made
Camlet, t Kamiet -J of silk and camel's hair,
now with wool and silk. Brown.
Camera-Obscura, kam'e-ra-6b-sku'ra. :>-. an opti-
cal machine used in a darkened chamber,
so that the light coming only through a dou-
ble convex glass, objects opposite are repre-
sented inverted.
Camevade, kam'er ade. s. a chamberfellow, a
bosom companion. Rymer.
Camerated, kdm'er-a-tcd. a. arched.
Cameration, kam-tr-a'shtin. s. a vaulting or
arching
Camisado,kam'e-sa'di. s. an attack made in the
dark, on which occasion they put their shirts
outward. Hayw.
Camisated, kam-i-sa t£d. a. dressed with the
hirt outward.
Camlet, karn'ilt. See Camelot.
Cammock, kam'muk. .s. an herb, petty whin, or
restharrow.
Camoys, ka-niuis'. a. flat of the nose. Brown.
Camp, kamp. s. the order of tent3 placed by
armies in the field.
Camp, kamp. v. a. to lodge in tents. Shak.
Campaign, kdm-pane'. s. a large level tract of
ground, the time for which any army keeps
the field. Clar.
Campaniform, kam-pan'ne-form. a. term used
of flowers in the shape of a bell. Harris.
Campanulate,k3m-pan'u-late. a. campaniform.
Campestral, kavn pis'tral. a. growing in fields.
Camphire, kdm'ffr. s. a kind of resin produced
by a chymical process from the camphire-
tree.
Cainphire-tree, kam'ffr-trle. .<•. the tree from
which camphire is taken.
Camphorate, klm'fo-rite. a. impregnated with
camphire. " Boyle.
Can, kin. 5. a cup of metal, as tin cr copper.
Shak.
Can, kin. v- n. to be able, to have power.
Locke.— Jt expresses the nbtential mood.
Pry-fen,
C AN
CAN
Rite, t'r, dl!j eat; bh, bit ; wine, win ; si, prove, f<5r, pot; ctbe.eub.full; sori, m^uud; thick, //5ns.
Canaille, ka-riale'. s. the lowest.people
Csuiakin.kan'a-kin. s. a small can to drink oui
of. Shak
Canal, ka-nai'. s. a basin of water in a garden
Pope.— Any course of water made by art.
Canal-coal, 'ken'nil-ko'.e. .*. a fine kind of
coal.
Canaliculated, kan-a-lik'u-la-Ud. s. made like a
pipe or gutter.
Canary, ka'na-re. s. wine from the Canaries.
:>ack.
Canarv, ka-na'ri. v. a. to frolic. Shak.
Canary-bird, ka-nare- bard, s. an excellent sing-
ing bird.
Cancel, kln'sil. v. a. to cross a writing, to ob-
literate in general. Rose.
Cancellated, kan'sel-ll-tid. a. cross-barred.
Grew.
Cancellation, kaii-sll-la'shun. s. an expunging
or crossing of a writin
Cancer, kan'sur. s. a crab-fish, the si
Cancerate, kan'sar-rite
cer.
Canceration, kaii-sar-ra'shun. s. a growing can
cerous.
Cancerous, kan'sar-ras. a. having the virulence
Canister, kdn'is-!ar. s. a small basket. Dryd. —
A sma!' vessel to hold tea.
ranker, kang'kar. s. a worm or fly that de-
stroys fruits, a fly that preys upon fruit.
, Walt.— Any thing that corrupts. Bacon. — A
kind of wild rose." Peach. — A corroding hu-
mour, virulence. Shak.
Canker, kang'kar. v. n. to grow corrupt. Srens.
— v. a. to corrupt, to corrode. Herb. — To in-
fect, to pollute. Add.
Canker bit, kliu'kar-b!t./w/. a-, bitten with as
enomed tooth. Shak.
Cannabine, kin na bine. a. hempen.
Cannibal, kaii'ne-bal. s. anthropophagite, a
man-eater. Davits.
anmbalism, kan'ne-bil-ism. s. The manners of
a cannibal. Mason's Sup.
Cannibally, kaii'ne-bal-li. ad. in the manner
of a cannibal. Shak.
Canoipers, kan'ne-parz. s. See Callipers.
ign of thejCannon, kln'nan. s. a large gun
sum.ner solstice. Thorn. — A virulent sore. Cannon-ball, kan-nan-bawi'.| jr. the bal's shot
W/j/.jCannon-shot, kan-iian-shot'J from great guns,
to become a can Cannonade, kan-nan-nade'. v. a. to batter with
L'Estr. great guns.
Cauuonier, kin-nun-neir. s. the engineer that
manages cannon. Hayw.
Cannot, kan'nut. v. n. of can and not. It notes
of a cancer. Wise.\ inability.
Cancerousness, kan'sar-ras-nis. s. the state ofjCanoa, t,.. Kx, ~> s. a boat made of the trunk
being cancerous. (Canoe, t^"" 1 * 00 • J of a tre*.
Cancnne, kang'krin. a. having the qualities of)Canon, kan'an. i. a rule. Jfcoi.— Law made by
a crab.
Candent, kaii'dent. a. hot. Broxvn.
Candicant, kan'di-kant. a. growing white.
Candid, kan'did. a. white. Dryd. — Fair, open.
ingenuous. Locke
Candidate, kan'de-date. s. a
that solicits advancement. Add.
Candidly, klndid-le. ad. fairly, without trick
ingenuously. Swift.
Candidness, kln'did-nes. s. ingenuity, open-
ness of temper. South
Candify, kan'di-fi. v. a. to make white.
Candle, kln'dl. s. a lieht made of wax or fal-
low, &c. a wick of cotton. R iy.— Light. S,
Caudieberry-tree, kan'dl-bfr-re-tr^. s. sweet
wibow.
Candleholder, kaii'dl h6!d-ur. j. he that hold
the candle, he that remotelv assists. Shak.
Candlelight, kan'dl-Hte. s. the light of a can-
dle. S~at. — The necessary candles for use.
Candlemas, kan'dl-mas. s. the feast of the pu-
rification of the blessed virgin. Brown.
Candlestick, kau'dl-stik. s. the instrument that
holds candles. Add.
Candlestuff, kdn'dl-staf. s. grease, tallow.
Bacon.
Candlewaster,kln'dl-was-tar. s. a spendthrift.
Shik.
Candock, kan'dok. s. a weed that grows in
rivers. Walter.
Candour, kan'dar. s. purity of mind, ingenu-
ousness. Watts.
Candy, kan'di. v. a. to conserve with sugar.
Bac. — To form into congelations. Shak. —
v. n. to grow congealed.
Candy, kan'de. s. lion's foot, a plant. Miller.
Candytufts, kan'di-tufts. s. a flower.
Mason's Sup.
Cane. kane. s. a kind of strong reed. Harvey.
— The plant which yields the sugar, a lance.
Dryd.— A reed. Mort.
Cane, kane. v. a. to beat with a cane.
Canicular, ka-n?k'u-lar. a. belonging to the
dog-star. Brown.
Canine, ka-n'iDe'. a. haying the properties of a
•log. Add.
ecclesiastical councils. Stil. — The books of
Holy Scripture. Ayliffe. — A dignitary in ca-
thedral churches. ' Bacon.
Canoness, kan'an-nis. s. a woman living after
the example of secular canons. Ayliffe.
competitor, one! Canonical, ki-n6n'£-kal. a. according to the ca-
non, constituting the canon, spiritual. Ral.
— Fixed by ecclesiastical laws. Taylor.
Canon ically, ki-n6n'4-kal-!4. ad. agreeably to
the canon.
Canomcalness, ka-n6n'e-kal-nes. s. the quality
of being canonical.
Canonist, kan'utm-ist. s. a professor of the ca-
non law. Carnd,
Canonization, kdn-ni-ni-zi'shan. . f . the act of
declaring a saint. Add.
Canonize, kan'ni nlze. v. a. to declare any
man a saint. Bacon.
Canonrv, kin'on-re. __ Is. an ecclesiastical
Canonship, kanun-shlp.J benefice in some
cathedral.
Canopied, kan'6-pid. a. covered with a cano-
py. Milt.
Canopv, kin'i-pi. s. a covering spread ovtr
the head. Fair.
Canopy, kin'6-pi. v. a. to cover with a canopy.
Dryd.
Canorous, ka-n&'ras. a. musical, tuneful.
Brown.
Cant, kant. s. a corrupt dialect used bv vaga-
bonds, jargon, auction. Swift. — A whining
pretension to goodness. Dryd.
Cantjkaiit. v n. to talk in the jargon of parti-
cular professions. Glanv.—v. a. to toss or
fling away.
Cantata, ka'n-ta'fa. *. a song.
Can cation, kan-ta'shan. s. the act of singing.
Canter, kan'iar. s, a hypocrite.
Cantharides, kan-thar^-daz. s. Spanish flies
used to raise blisters. Bacon.
Canthus,kdn'thas. s. the corner of the eve.
Canticle, kdn't^-kl. s. a song, the song of' Solo-
mon. Bacon.
Cantle, kan'tl. s. a piece with corners. Shak.
Cantlet, klnt'let. s. a piece, a fragment. Dryd.
Canto, kan'ti. s. a book, or section of a poem,
63
CAP
CAR
Rate, tlr, call, cat; W,bet; wine, win ; & pr&ve, ftr, pit ; cube, cub, fill; s5!l, mSund; thick, thin.
Capitulation, ka pttsh-u-la'shun. t. stipula-
tion, conditions, terms. Hale .
Capivitree, ka-pfe'vJ-trW. s. a balsam-tree
which yields five or six gallons of balsam.
Miller.
Capon, ka'pn. s. a castrated cock. Gay.
Caponnierre, kap-p6n-niiv'. s. a covered lodg-
ment. Harris.
Capor, ka-pSt'. 5. is when one party wins all the
tricks of cards at the game of picquet.
Capreolate, kap'pre-6-lite. a. such plants as
turn and creep by means of their tendrils
are capreolate. Harris.
Caprice, ka- priise', or kap're^se. s. fancy, wh i m.
Bent.
Capricious, ka-prish'&s. a. whimsical, fanci-
ful.
Capriciously, ka-prish'us-U-. ad. whimsically.
Capriciousness, ka-prish'os-nes. s. humour,
whimsicalness. Swift.
Capricorn, kap'pri-c&rn. j. one of the signs of
the zodiac.
Capriole, kap-ri-Ale'. s. caprioles are leaps
such as horses make without advancing for-
ward.
Capstan, kap'st3i). *. a cylinder, with levers,
to wind up weights. Ral.
Capsular, kap'shu lar. 7 ^.hollow like a chest,
paulary, kap'shl-Ur-fe.J Brown.
Capsulate, klp'shu-Ute. \a. enclosed, as in
Capsu'aied, kap'shu-la t&I.j a box.
Captain, kap'tin. s. the commander of a com-
pany in a regiment. Dryd.— The chief com-
mander of a ship.
Captainry, kap'tin-r£. s. the power over a cer-
tain district. Speris.
Captainship, kap'tin ship. s. the rank cr post
of a captain. Wotton.— The chieftainship of
a clan. Davie s.
Captation, kap-ta'shfin. j. the practice of catch-
ing favour. King Charles.
Caption, kap'shun. s. the act of taking any
person.
Captious, kap'shus. a. given to cavils. Locke.
—Insidious. Bacon.
Captiously, kap'shos-U. ad. with an inclina-
tion to "object. Locke.
Captiousness, kap'shas-nes. s. inclination to
object, peevishness. Locke.
Captivate, kap'ii-vate. v. a. to lake prisoner,
to bring into bondage. King Charles.— To
charm. Add.
Captivation, k3p-tJ Vashun. s. the act of tak-
ing one captive.
Captive, kap'tiv. s. one made a prisoner by
conquest. Rogers. — One charmed by beautv.
Shak.
Captive, kap'tiv. a. made prisoner in war.
Dryd.
Captive, kap'tiv. v. a. to take prisoner.
Captivity, kap-tiv'i-tJ. s. subjection by the
fate of war, bondage. Dryden. — Slavery.
Add.
Captor, kdp'tur. s. he that takes a prisoner or a
prize .
Capture, kap'tshire. s. the act or practice of
taking any thing, a prize.
Capuchin, kapu-shtin'. s. a female garment
in imitation of the dress of capuchin
monks.
Car, fear. s. a small carriage of burden. Swift.
A chariot of war. Milt.
Carabine, or Carbine, kar-b'ne'. s. a small sort
of fire-arms.
Carabinier, kar-bi-netr'.j. a sort of light-horse-
man. Chamb.
Carack, kar'ak. s. a large ship tff burden, a gal-
leon. Waller.
Canton, kan' tun. s. a small division of land, a
clan. Bacon.
Canton, kan'tSn. v. a. to divide into little
parts. Locke.
Cantonize, kan'tan-lze. v. a. to parcel out into
small divisions. . Howel.
Canvas, kan'vas.f. a kind of linen cloth. Sidn.
Canvas, kan'vds. v. a. to sift, to examine.
Wood.— To debate. L'Estr.—v. n. to solicit.
Aylife.
Cany, ka'ne. a. full of canes. Milt.
Canzonet, kan-zi-net'. s. a little song. Peach.
Cap, kip. s. the garment that covers the head.
Swan.— The ensign of the cardinalate, the
topmast. Shak.
Cap, kip. v. a. to cover on the top. Derkam.—
To snatch off the cap. Spenser
Cap a-pe, S t . n • „>< \a- from head to foot.
Cap- paper, kap'pi-pur. s. a sort of coarse brown
ish paper for bag*. . Boyle.
Capabilitv,ka-pa-b?l'e-te. s. capacity.
Capable, lia'pi bl. 7. endued with powers equal
to anv particular thing. Watts. — Intel
gent. Shak.— Able to receive. Digly.—Hu
lined for. Till.
Capableness, kapa-bl-nls. s. the quality or
state of being capable.
Capacous, Id-pashas, a. wide, able to hold
much, extensive. Watts.
Capaciousness, ka-pa'shas-nes. s. the power of
holding, largeness. Holder.
Capacitate, ka-pas'e-tite. v. n. to enable, to
qualify. Dryd.
Capacity, ka-pis'J-tL s. the power of contain-
ing. Davies.— The force of the mind, state,
condition. South.— Ability. Black.— Space.
Caparison, ka-par'i-sun. s. a' sort of cover for a
horse. Milt
Caparison, ka-p3i'i-sun . v. a. to dress in capa-
risons. Dryd.— To dress pompously . Shak
Cape, kaDe. s. promontory. Arb. — The neck-
piece of a cloak or coat'. Bacon.
Caper, kVpur. s. a leap, a jump. Swift.— An
acid pickle.
Caper-bush, ka'par-bash. s. a plant, the buds
of which are pickled.
Caper, ka'pSr. v. n. to skip for merriment
Cras.— To dance. Reave.
Cape'er, kapur-rar. s. a dancer. Dryd.
Cap'a*-, ka'p^-us. s. a writ of execution Cowel.
Ca,)iilaceous,kap-p!l-:ashus. a. the same with
capillary.
Cap,' aire, kap-pli-lare'. 5. syrup of maiden
nai '- , - „ i. ■ -
Capillament, ka-pii' a-ment. s. small hairs m
the middle of a flower. Quin.
Capiilarv, kap-pil'U-rfc. a. resembling hairs
small.' Brown
Cap-.llation, kap-pil-la'shuii. *. small rannfica
tion of vessels. Brown
Capital, ka \.\-\s\. a. relating to the head. Milt.
—Criminal in the highest degree. Swift.—
That which affects life. Bacon.— Chief, ap
plied to letters, large.
Capital, kip'e-tal. s. the upper part of a pillar
Add.— The chief city of a nation.
Capitalist, kap'e-til-ist. i. one possest of a ca
viital fund. Baree
Capitallv,kao'J-t3l-U. ad. in a capital manner.
Capitation, kip-e>ta-sbun. 5. numeration bv
heads. Brown.
Capitular, ka-pitsh'u-lSr. s. the bodv of the
statutes of a chapter, a member of a chap
ter. Jyl-
Capitulate, ka-pitsh'u-late. v. n. to draw uj:
any thing in heads, Shak.— To yield on cer-
tain stipulations. Hayu\
CAR
CAR
Carat, .f kv . I s - a we >g nt of Tour grains,
Caract,! "i mariner of expressing th
Rite,tar,Call,Cat ;bi, bet; wine, w?n; s6,prSve,ftk,pAt; cube, cab, full ; s3]l, m^utid ; thick, /,5a'*
Caress, ka-res'. v. a. to endear, to fondle.
Caress, ka-res'. s. an act of endearment. Miff.
Caret, ki'rit. s. a note which shews where
something interlined should be read, as a.
Cargo, klr'gi s. the lading of a ship. Burnet.
Cariated, ka're-i-ted. a. affected, or formed by
a caries Mason's Sup.
fineness of go'd,
Caravan, kar'd-van. 5. a troop or body of mer-
chants or pilgrims. Taylor, j
Caravansary, kar-a-van'sa-re. .<. an eastern inu.
Caraway, kar'a-wi. s. a plant.
Carbonado, klr-bi-nk'di. s. meat cut across to
be broiled. Skak.
Carbonado, kar-bJ-ni'd6. v. a. to cut or hack.
Skak.
Carbuncle, kar'bank-kl. s. a jewel shining in
the dark. Milt. — Red spot or pimple, Dryd.
Carbuncled, klr'b&nk-kld. a. set with cavbun
cles. Shak.— Deformed with pimples.
Carbuncu!ar,klr bungki-lur. a. red like a car-
buncle.
Carbunculation, kar-bung ku-li'shun. s. the
blasting of young buds by heat or cold. Har.
Carcanet, kar'ka-net. s. a chain or collar .of
jewels. Sh.ik.
Carcass, kir'kfe. s. a dead body of any animal.
Taylor. — The decayed parts of any Iking.
Shak — The main parts without completion.
Hale. — A kind of bomb.
Carcelage, klr'se-lidje. 5. prison-fees.
Carcinoma, karse-:ii'ma. s. a cancer. Qnin.
Carcinomatous, ktr-se-n6m'e t&s. a. cancerous.
Card, klrd. s. a paper painted with figures
used in games, the papers on which the
winds are maiked for the compass. Pope. —
The instrument with which wooi is combed.
Card, kard. v. a. to comb wool. May. — v. n. to
game.
Cardamomum. This word is commonly pro-
nounced klr'dl-mum. s. a medicinal seed.
Carder, klr'dur. s. one that cards wool. Shak. —
One that piays at cards.
Cardiacal, klr-dl'a-kal.';/. cordial, baring the
Cardiac, kaVde-ak. J quality of invigorating,
good for the heart-burn.
Cardinal, klr'de-nal. a. principal, chief. Clar.
Cardinal, klr'de-nal. s. one of the chief govern-
ors of ihe Romish church. Shak.
Cardinalate, klr'de-na- late. "> s. the office and
Cardinalship, klr'de- nil-ship. J rank of a car-
dinal. VEsir.
Cardmatch,kird'matsh. „?. a match made by
dipping pieces of a card in melted sulphur,
a party at cards.
Care, kire. s anxiety, concern, regard, the ob-
ject of care or of love. Dryd. — Caution.
Tillotson.
Care, kire. v.n. to be anxious or solicitous.
Knclles.—To be inclined. Waller.— To be
affected with. Temple.
Carecrazed, kkeTiiazd. a. broken with care
and solicitude. Shak.
Careen, ka-rein. v. a. to calk, to stop up
leaks.
Career, ka-reer 7 . s. the ground on which a race
is run. Sidn. — A course; course of action.
Shak.— Fuli speed. Prior
Career, ka-reer'. v. n. to run with swift motion .
Milt.
Careful, kare'ful. a. anxious, full of concern,
provident, diligent. Dryd.— Watchful. Ray
Carefully, kire'fil-U. ad. lieedfully, watchful-
ly. Atter.
Carefulness, kare'fu!-n4s. s. vigilance, caution.
Knolles.
Carelessly, kare'l^s \h. ad. negligently, heed-
lessly. Waller.
Carelessness, kare'lis-nSs. s. heedlessness, inat-
tention. Skak.
Careless, klve'le's. a. having no care, uncon-
cerned, negligent. Locke— Undisturbed.
Jtyf.—URconoerned at. , Gram.
Canatides,ka-vi-at'e rUz. s. pi. In architecture,
are an order of pillars resembling women.
Caricature, kar ik-a-tshlre'. s. in painting, any
exaggerated character which is redundant in
some of its parts, and defective in others.
Caricature, kir-ik-a-tshure'. v. a. to make a ca-
ricature of. Masons Sup.
Caries, ki'i Mz. 5. rottenness. Wise.
Cariosity, ka-re 6s'e-te. s. rottenness. Wise.
Carious, ka're-us. a rotten.
Cark,kirk. s. care, anxiety. Sidney.
Cark, kirk. v. n. to be careful, to be anxious.
Carle, kail. s. a rude brutal man, a churl. Sp.
Carline-thistte, kir-fine-tiiis'sl. 5. a plant.
Carlings, klr'litigz. s. pi. timbers lying fore and
aft in a ship. Harris.
Carman, klr'man. s. a man whose employment
't is to drive cars. Gay.
Carmelite, kar'me-lite. s. a sort of pear, one of
the order of white friars.
Carminative, kar-inin'a-tiv. s. carminatives are
such things as expel wind and promote in-
sensible perspiration. ^ Swift.
Carminative, klr-mina-tiv. a. belonging to
carminatives.
Carmine, klr-mlne'. (ka'r-mine. S.) s. a bright
red or crimson pigment. Chamb.
Carnage, kaVnfdje. s. slaughter, havock. Hay.
-Heaps of flesh. Pope.
Carnal, kaYnal. a. fleshy, not spiritual. King
Charles.— Lustful. Shak.
Carnality, kli-naTi-t e. s. fleshly lust. South. —
Grossness of mind. Till.
Carnally, klr'ndl-le. ad. according to the flesh,
not spiritually. Taylor.
Carnalness, kar'nal-nes. s. carnality.
Carnation, klrni'shun. j. the name of the na-
tural £csh colour, a flower.
Carnelion, klr-iiele'yun. jr. a precious stone.
Wood.
Carneous. ksr'ne-us. a. fleshy.
Carnify, kar'ne-fl. v. n. to breed flesh. Hale.
Carnival, kar'ne-vai. s. the feast held in popish
countries before Lent.
Carnivorous, kar-niv'vA-rtis. a. flesh-eating.
Camosily,kar-n6s'se-te. s. fleshy excrescence.
Wise.
Carnous, klr'nus. a. fleshy. Brown.
Carob, ka'iob. *. a plant.
Carol, kar'rul. s. a song of joy. Bacon. — A song
of devotion. Milt.
Can-!, kir'rul. v. n. to sing, to warble. Prior. —
v. a. to praise, to celebrate. Milt.
Caroling, kir'rul-ing. s. a song of devotion.
Spenser'' s Hymns.
Carotid, ka rdt'id. a. two arteries which arise
out of the ascending trunk of the aorta.
Carousal, ka-r^uzal. .*. a festival. Dryd.
Carouse, ka-r6uz'. v. n. to drink, to quaff. Suck.
—v. a. to drink up. Denham.
Carouse, ka-nW. .>-. a drinking match. Pope.
A heavy dose of liquor. Davies.
Carouser,"ka-r6uzur. s. a drinker, a toper. Gr.
Carp, karp. s. a pend fish. Hale.
Carp, karp. v. n. to censure, to cavil. Herb.
Carpenter, klr'peu-tur. s. an artificer in wood.
Carpentry, klr'p£n-tri. s. the trade of a car-
penter.
Carper, klr'pSr. s. a caviller. Shak,
Carpet, kaYptt. s. a covering of various colours.
Baton.— Ground variegated with flowers*
CAS
CAS
ite, tar, call, cat ; be, bet ; wine, win ; si, prove, for, pot ; cube, ci\b,'full ; soil, mo and; thick, thwt
to be the subject of
— To be on the carpet i
consideration.
Carpet, kiv'pft. v a. to spread with carpets.
Carpi ng,kir'oin£C./MT/'. a. captious, censorious
Carpingly, kar'ping-li. ad. captiously, censori
ously. Camd.
Carriage, kir'rfdje. s. the act of "carrying or
transporting. 'Wilk.— Vehicle. Watts.— The
frame upon which cannon is carried. Kiml. Case-shot
— Behnvio-.ir. Bacon, case
Carrier, kai 're-tr. s. one who carries something.
Bacon. — One whose trade is to cany goods.
a messenger. Dryd. — A species of pigeons.
Wall.
Carrion, kar'rJ-Sn. s. the carcase of something
not proper for food. Temple. — A worthless
woman. Shak. — Any flesh not fit for food.
Cariion.kar'ie-un. a relating to carcases. Sha
Carrot, karr&t s. a garden-root.
Carrotiness, kclr'rut-e-ne's. s. redness of hair.
Carroty, kar'ut-e a. spoken of red hair.
Carry," kir're. v. a. to convey from a place
Dryd.— To bear Wise —To effect any thing
B.Jon.— To behave. Clar. — To obtain. Hale.
— To imply, to import. Locke. — v. n. a horse
is said to carry well when his neck is arch
ed, and he holds his head high.
Cart, kirt. s. a wheel-carriage used commonly
for luggage. Dryd.
Cart, kirt. v a. to expose in a cart. Prior. —
v. n. to use carts for carriage
Cart-bote,kirt'bote. s. an allowance of wood
to a tenant for carts. Blackstone.
Cart-horse, kirt'hdrse. s. an unwieldy horse.
Knot
Cart-jade, kirt-jade'. s. a vile horse. Sidney.
Cart-load, kirt-lAde'. s. a quantity of any thing
sufficient to load a cart.
Cart-way, kart'wi. s. a way through which a
cart may conveniently travel. Mort.
Carte-blauche, kirt-blansh'. s. a blank paper
to be filled up with such conditions as the
person to whom it is sent thinks proper.
Cartel, kir-teT. s. a writing containing stipula-
tions. m Add
Carter, klrt'ur. s. the man who drives a cart.
Dryd
Cartilage, kir'ti lidje. s. a gristle softer than a
bone, but harder than a ligament. Arb.
Cartllagineous, kar-te-M-jiiVyus. ") a. consisting
Cartilaginous, kar-te-ladje'e-nus.jT of cartilages
Cartoon, kir-t66n'. s. a painting or drawing
upon large paper. Watts
Cartouch, kir-t§6tsh\ s. a case of wood to hold
balls.
Cartrage, <",. .... \ s. a case of paper filled
Cartridge, l Kar_tua J e - j with gunpowder for
charging guns. Dryd.
Cartrut,kirt'rut..s. a track made by a cart-wheel.
Cartulary, kir'tshi-la-re. s. a place where pa-
pers are kept.
Cartwright, kirt'rlte. s. a maker of carts. Cam.
Carve, kirv. v. a. to cut wood or stone, to cut
meat at the table, to engrave. Shak. — To
choose one's own part. South.— v. n. to ex-
ercise the trade of a sculptor, to perform at
table the office of supplying the company.
Carver, kir'vur. s. a sculptor. Dryd. — He that
cuts up the meat at table, he that chooses
for himself. UEstr.
Carving, kar'vm.g. s. sculpture, figures carved.
Caruncfe, kar'auk-kl. s. a small protuberance
of flesh. Wise.
Cascade, kas-kade'. s. a cataract, a waterfall.
Case, kase. i. condition with regard to outward
circumstances. Att.— State of the body. Arb.
—Condition with regard to leanness or
health. Sw.— Representation of any ques-
tion Bac — History of a disease, state of a
legal question, variation of nouns, a cover-
ing, a box. Brown. — The outer part of a
house. Add. — A building unfurnished. Wot.
Case, kase. v. a. to put in a case. Thorn. — To
cover as a case. Shak. — v.n. to put cases.
UEstr.
Case-knife, kase'nlfe. s. a large kitchen-knife,
kise'shot. s. bullets enclosed in a
Caseharden, kase'hai'dn. v. n. to harden on the
outside. Moxon.
Casemate, kase'mke. s. a kind of vault or arch
of stonework.
Casement, kaze'mint. s. a window opening on
hinges. South.
Caseworm, kase'wurm. f. a grub that makes
itself a case. Flayer.
Cash, kish. s. money at hand. Milt.
Cash-keeper, kash'keep-ur. s. a man entrusted
with the money. Arb.
Ca.hewnut, ka-shWnut. s. a tree. Miller.
Cashier, ka-sheer'. s. he that has charge of
money. South.
Cashier, k3-sheer\ v. a. to discard, to dismiss
from a post. Swift.
Cask, kask. s. a barrel. Harvey.
Casque, kask. s. a helmet, armour for the head-
Add.
Casket, kas'klt. .?. a small box for jewels. Dav.
Casket, kas'kit. v. a. to put in a casket.
Cassate, kas'site. v. a. to vacate, to invalidate.
Cassation, kas-sa'shan. *.the act of making null
or void.
Sa£t;4S:}-" American plant.
Cassia, kash'she-a. s. a sweet spice.
Cassiowary, kash'she-6-wa-re. s. a large bird of
prey.
Cassoc, kas'sak s. a close garment. Shak.
Cassweed,kas'wied. s. a shepherd's pouch.
Cast,kast. v. a. to throw with the hand. Ral.
— To throw away as useless or noxious. Shak.
— To throw dice or lots; to drive by violence
of weather; to condemn in trial, or law-
suit ; to shed, to moult. Fair. — To lay aside,
as fit to be worn no longer ; to have abor-
tions ; to reckon ; to fix the parts in a play.
Add.— To decide by overbalancing; to ba-
lance. South. — To direct the eye. Pope. — To
form in a mould. Wall. — To model. Watts.
— v. n. to contrive. Pope. — To admit of a
form, by casting or melting. Wood.-To wrap.
Cast, kast. s. the act of casting, a throw. Wall.
— State of any thing cast. Brum. — A stroke.
Swift. — Motion of the eye. Digby.— The
throw of dice. Shak. — A mould. Prior.— A.
shade or tendency to any colour. Wood. —
Manner, air, mien. Pope.
Castanet, kas'ta-nk. s. small shells of ivory, or
hard wood, which dancers rattle in their
hands. Cong.
Castaway, kasta-wi. 5. a person lost or aban-
doned by Providence. Hooker.
Castaway, kast'3-wa. a. useless. Raleigh.
Castellain, kas't&'lm. s. constable of a castle.
Caster, kas'i&r. s. a thrower, he that casts.
Pope. — A calculator. Add.
Castigate, kas'te-gate.v. a. to chastise, to chast-
en, to punish. _ Shak.
Castigation, kas-tfc-ga'shtm. s. penance, disci-
pline. Shak.— Correction. Hale.— Emenda-
tion. Boyle.
Castigatory, kas'te-ga-t&r-e. a. punitive, tend-
^ to correction. llram.
Casting-net, kas'tmg-nit. s. a net to be thrown
into the water. May.
Castile-soap, kas'tiM-sipe. s. a kind of soap.
C A T
CAT
R".te, tlr, call, c!t ; bi, bit; wine, win ; si, prove, f6r, pit ; cube, cub, full ; soil, m&nd ; tfcick, th Hi,
Castle, kns'sl. 5. a house fortified. ,M.i£.
Castled, kSs'sld. #. furnished with castles. Dry.
Castling, kast'ling. 5. an abortive.
Castor, kas'tur. s. a beaver. .
Castoreum, kSs-tA're-mn. s. a liquid matter en-
closed in bags near the anus of the. castor.
Castrametaticn, kas-tra-mt-ta'shun. s. the art
or practice of encamping.
Castrate, kas'trate. v. a. to geld.
Castration, kas-tra'shun. s. the art of gelding.
Sharp.
Casteril, j" ,..,.*, \s. a degenerate kind of
Castrel, c kaStri1 -/ hawk.
Castrensian,kas-tren'she-an. a. belonging to a
camp.
Casual, kazh'u-al. a. accidental, arising from
chance. Clar.
Casualh'jik.izh'i-al-lJ.^. accidentall}-,withcut
design. Bacon.
Casualness,kazh'u-al-nes.i'. chance, fortuitous-
ness.
Casualty, kSzh'i-al-ft. s. accident, a thing hap-
pening by chance. South.
Casuist, kaih'u-ist. s. one that studies and set-
tles cases of conscience. South.
Casuistical, kazh-u-is'te-kal. a. relating to
. cases of conscience. South.
Casuistry, kazh'u-!s-trJ. s. the science of a ca-
suist. Pope.
Cat, kit. s. a domestic animal that catches
mice. Shak.—A sort of ship.
Cat-o'-nine-tails,kat-a-nlne'tiIz. s. a whip with
nine lashes.
Catachresis, kat-a-kii'sis. s. the abuse of a
trope, when the words are too far wrested
from their native signification.
Catachrestical, kat-a-kres'tJ-kal. a. forced, far
fetched. Brown
Cataclvsm, kat-a-klizm. s. a deluge, an inun-
dation. Hale
Catacombs, katak-kAmz. s. subterraneous ca-
vities for the buria! of the dead. Add.
Catagmatic, kat-ag-mat'ik. a. that has the qua-
lity of consolidating the parts. Wise.
Catalectic, kat-a-lek'tik. a. In poetry, applied
to a verse wanting a syllable. Ash.
Calalepsis, kat-a-lep'sis. s. a disease wherein
the patient is without sense, and remains
in the same posture in which the disease
seizes him.
Catalogue, kat'a-16g. s. an enumeration of par
ticulars,a list. South.
Catamite, kat'a-mlte. s. one kept for the crime
against nature.
Catamountain,kat-a-m5un'tin. s. a fierce ani
mal, resembling a cat. Arh.
Cjitaphract, kata-frakt. s. a horseman in com-
plete armour. Milt.
Cataplasm, kata-plazm. s. a poultice, a moi-t
application. Arb.
Catapult, kata-pult s. an engine used ancient-
ly to throw stones. Camd.
Cataract, kit'a-rdkt. s. a fall of water from on
high, a cascade. Black.— An insDissation of
the crystalline humour of the eve.
Catarrh, ka-Ur'. s. a disease of the head and
throat. Smith.
Catarrhal, ka-tarVal. \a. relating to the ea-
Catarrhous,ka-t*r'rus.J tarrh, proceeding: from
a catarrh. Flayer.
Catastrophe, ka tas'tri-fi. .-. the change which
produces the final event of a dramatic piece.
Dennis.—- A final event, generally unhappy.
Catcall, kat'kall. s. a squeaking instrument,
used to condemn plays. Pope.
Catch, kalsh. v. a. to lay hold on wiih the
hand, to stop any thing flying. Add.— To
seize any thing by pursuit. Shak Tostop,
to ensnare, to receive suddenly, to seize, to
charm. Dryd.—v.n. to be contagious, to
spread infection. Add.
Catch, kitsh. s. seizure, the act of seizing. Sid.
A song sung in succession. Dryd. — A slight
contagion. ^Glan. — Any thing that catches,
as a hook, a small swift-sailing ship.
Catcher, katsh'or. s. he that catches, that in
which any thing is caught.
Catchrly, katsh'fli. s. a plant, campion.
Catchpoll, katsh'pole. s. a serjeant, a bumbai-
riff. ' Philips.
Catchup, katsh'up. s. a liquor extracted from
mushrooms, and used in sauces. — Johnson,
on Swift's authority, calls it catsup.
Catchword, katsh'w&r'd. s. the word at the cor-
ner of the page under the last line.
Catechetical, kat-fe-klt'4-kal. a. consisting of
questions and answers. Add.
Catechetically,kat-i-ket'£-kal-£. ad. in the way
of question and answer.
Catechise, kat'i-kize. v. a. toinsiruct by asking
questions. Sh.—To interrogate, to examine.
Catechiser, kat'4-kl-zur. s. one who catechises.
Catechism, kSt'i-kizm. s. a form of instruction
by means of questions and answers, con-
cerning religion. Hook.
Catechist, kai'e-kist. s. one who teaches the
catechism.
Catechumen, kat-J-ku'mln. s. one in the first
rudiments of Christianity. Stil.
Catechurnenical, kat-c-ku-mln'i-kal. s. belong-
ing to the catechumens.
Categorical, kat-i-gdr't-kal. a. absolute, ade-
quate, positive. Clar.
Categorically, kat-i-g6r'ik-al4. ad. positively,
expressly.
Category, klt'J-g6r-&. s. a class, an order of
ideas, predicament.
Catenarian, kat-£-nar£-an. a. relating to a.
chain.
Catenate, kat'i-nate. v. a. to chain.
Catenation, kit-4-ni'shu.n. s. link, regular con-
nexion. Brown.
Cater, katur. v.n. to provide food, to buy- in
victuals. Shak.
Cater, ka'tor. s. provider. Caretv. — The four of
cards and dice.
Cater-cousin, ka'tSr kriz-zn. s. a petty favour*
ite, one related by blood or mind. Bymer.
Caterer, ka'tfir-Sr. s. the provider or purveyor.
Caterers, ki'tur-rt-s. s. a woman employed to
provide victuals. Milt.
Caterpdiai, kaiar-pil-lur. s. a worm sustained
by eaves and fruits. Bac.—A. pl?nt.
Caterwaul, kat't&r-wlwl. v. a. to make a noise
as cats in rutting time, to make any offen-
sive noise. Hud.
Cates, kites, s. viands, food. Ben Jen.
Catfisl', kii'fish. s. sea-fish. Phil.
Catgut, kdt'gut. j. a sort of cord of which fid-
dle-strings are made; a kind of canvas for
ladies' work. Mason's Sup.
Cathartical, ka-thlr'ti kll. -t a. purging.
Cathartic, ka-tfiar'tik. f Boyle.
Cathartic, ka-thai'iik. s. a medicine to purge
downward.
Catharticalness, kd thai'ie-kal-nis. .?. purging
quality.
Cathead, kai'hld. s. a kind of fossil. Wood.-.
In a ship, a. piece of limb r with two shivers
at one end, haying a rope and a blcck.
Cathedral. ka-trU'drSl. a. e;.i- opal. S - : ,ak.— Be-
longing to episcopal church. Locke.— An-
tique. Pope.
Cathedral, ka-thi'dral. s. the head church of a
diocese. Add,
Catherine-pear, kaih 6r-rtn-pSYe', See Ptar.
"■
C AU
Rate, tlr, clll,cat; be, bet; wine, win ; si, p?Jve,
Catheter, katli'i-t&r. s. an instrument to thrus'
into the bladder when the passage is stop
ped.
Catho!es,kat'h61z. s. two little holes astern,
above the gun-room ports.
Catholicism, ka-tft6t'&-sizm..f. adherence to th<
cathoJic church.
Catholic, katn'AHk. a. universal or general.
Catholicon, kd-thole-kin. s. an universal me-
dicine.
Catkins, kat'kinz. s. imperfect flowers hanging
from trees, in manner of a cat's taii. Cham
Catling, kat'llng. s. a dismembering knife. Mar.
—Catgut. Shak
Catmint, kat'mfjit s. the name of a plant.
Catoptrical, kat-6p'tri-kal. a. relating to cat
opirics. Ar } >
Catoptrics, kat-6p'triks. s. that part of optic-
which treats of vision by reflection.
Catpipe, kit' pipe, s. catcai, which see. VEstr
Cat's eye, kits'!, s. a stone. Wood.
Cai's-foot. kats'futr. s. ground ivy.
Cat's head, kats'hed. s. a kind of apple. Mori
Catsilver,kat'sil-vur. s. a land of fossil. Wood
Cat's- 1 ail, kats'tale. s. a substance that grow,
upon nut-trees, &c. a kind of reed. Phil
Catsup, katsh'ap. s. a kind of pickle. Swift
Cattle, kat'tl. s. beasts of pasture, not wild noi
domestic. Shak.
Cavalcade. kav'al-kade'. s. a procession on horse-
back.
Cavalier, kav-a-leJr'. s. a horseman, a knight, a
gay sprightly military man. Shak.— A royal-
ist. • Swift
Cavalier, kav-a-Usr'. a. gay, warlike, generous.
brave. Sac*.— Disdainful.
Cavalierly, kSv-a-Uer'ie. ad. haughtily, arro-
gantly, disdainfully.
Cavalry, kav'al-ri. s. horse-troops. Add.
Cavate, ka'vate. v. a. to hollow.
Cavazion, ka va'zhua. s. hollowing of the eartt
for cellarage. PhiL
Caudle, klw'dl. s. a mixture of ale and oth.L
ingredients, given to women in childbed.
Shah.
Caudle, klw'dl. v. a. to make caudle.
Cave, kive. s. a cavern, a den. Dryd.—\ny
hollow place. B.icon.
Caveat, ka've-it. s. a law term to stop farther
proceedings, caution, admonition.
Cavern, kav'urn. s. a hoiiow place in the
ground. Shak
Caverned,kav'urnd. a. full of caverns, hollow;
inhabiting a cavern. Pope.
Cavernous, kav'ur-nus. a. full of caverns.
Wood.
Cavesson, kav'Ss-s5n. s. a noseband for a horse.
Cauf, k!\vf. s. a chest with holes, to keep fish
alive in the water. Phil.
Caught, klwt. part. pass, from to catch.
Caviare, ka-vik'. s. the eggs of a sturgeon salt-
ed. ^ Grew.
Cavil, kav'll. v.n. to raise captious objections
Pope.—v. a. to receive or treat with objec-
tions.
Cavil, kav'll. s. frivolous objections
Cavillation, kav-il-la'sh&n. s. the disposition t<
make captious objection. Hook
Caviller, kav'vil-ur. s. a captious disputant.
Att
Cavillingly, kav'll-ling-le. ad. in a cavilling
manner"
Cavillous, kav'vll-l&s. a. full of objections Ay.
Cavity, kav'e-t6. s. hoilowness, hollow. Bent
Cauk.kawk s. a coarse taikv spar. Wood
Caul, kiwi. s. the net-work of a wig, part of a
woman's cap, the integument in which the
guts are enclosed. Hay-
CEL
fSr, p6t; cibe , cM>, frill ; s&l , mMnd ; thick, thaih
^auliferous, ktw-liPft-r&z. a. a term for such
plants as have a true stalk.
Caulirlower, kdl'li-fldri-rjr. s. a species of cab-
bage.
C'ausable, kaw'za-bl. a. that which may be
caused.
Causal, klw'zal. a. relating to cau=es. Glanv.
Causality, kiw-zal'i-tfe. s. the agency of a
cause, the quality of causing. , "Brown.
Causally, kawza]-l&! ad. according to the order
of causes. Brown.
Causation, kaw-za'shfjn. s. the act or power of
causing. Brown.
Causative, klw'za-tiv. a. that expresses a cause
or reason.
Causator, kiw-za't&r. s. a causer, an author of
any effect. Brown.
Cause, klwz. s. that which produces or effects
any th { ng. Hook.— -The reason, subject of li-
tigation. Shak.— Side, party. Tick.
Cause, ka^ z. v. a. to effect as an agent. Locke.
Causeless kiwz'lis. a. original to itself. Black.
— Without just ground or motive.
Causelessly, kawz'Us-14. ad. without cause,
vithoi. ; "ason. Taylor.
Causer, klw'z&r. s. he that causes, the agent
by v, hi( h an eflect is produced.
Cause v. klw'ze. > s. a way raised and par-
Causeway, kawz'wa.1 ed. Pope.
Caustical, kiws'tfe-kal.ia. belonging tomedi-
Caustic, klws'tfk. c caments which, by
then violem heat, burn imo an eschar.
Causric, kLv jii. s. a burning application.
Cautel, kiw'td. s. caution, scruple. Shak.
Cautelous, kaw'ie-'fjs. a. cautious, wary. Wot.
— ' ly, cunning. Shak.
Cautelously, kaw'te-l&s-le. ad, cunningly, slily,
w rily ' Brown.
Oautf vizaticn. klw-t&r-re-za'shSn. s. the burn-
in,; flesh with hot irons.
Cauterize, kiw'tih-ize. v. a. to burn with the
cautery. Sharp.
Cautery, kaw'tur-re. s. burning by a hot iron,
or with ca-'stic medicines. Wise.
Cautio.i, k-iw'shun. s. prudence, foresight, se-
curity. Sid. — Provisionary precept. Arb.—~
Warning.
Caution, klw'shun. v. a. to warn, to give no-
tice of a danger.
Cautionary, kaw'shuu-a-re. a. given as a pledge,
or in security. South.
Cautious, kaw'"shis, a. wary, watchful.
Swift.
Cautiously, klw'shus-le. ad. in a wary man-
ner.
^autiousne s, kaw'shus-n?s. s. watchfulness,
vigilance.
Caw, kaw. v. n. to cry as the crow. AdcH
Cayman. ki'man.j. American alligator.
Cease, sise. v.n. to stop, to give over, to be
at an end. D>yd. — To be extinct. H&fe.j—
v. a. to put a siop to. - Milt.
Cease, sese. s. extinction, failure. Shak.
Ceaseless, slse'lis. a. incessant, perpetual, con-
i in lal.
Cecity, ses'e-te. (se slt'l. S.) s. blindness, pri-
vation of sight. Brown.
Cecutiency, se-ku'she-en-se. s. cloudiness of
sisht. Brown.
Cedar, se'd&r. s. a tree, the wood of the cedar.
Cede, skle v. a. to yield, to resign, to give up
to another.
Cedrhie, scd'dr!n. a. cf or belonging to the
cedar tree.
Ceil, sMe. v. a. to overlay, to cover the inner
room of a building.
Ceilinj;, se'ling. s. the inner roof.
Celandine, s^i'an-dlne. s. ft plant*
CEN
ft5re,tir, clll, clt; bi,bit; wine, win!; si, prSve,
Celature, sii'a-tshure. s. the art of engraving.
Celebrate, sgl'le-brafe. v. n. to praise. Add.-
To disiinguiah by solemn rites, to mention
in a solemn manner. Dryd
Celebration, sll-e-bra'shun. s. solemn perform-
ance or remembrance. Sid.-Tmse, renown.
Celebrious, se-li'bre-us. a. famous, renowned.
Celebnously, se-le'bre-ris-le. ad. in a tamn-. :
manner.
Celebriousness, se-le'bre-fc-ngs. s. renowu,
fame.
Celebrity, se-leb'bre-ti. s. celebration, trans-
action publicly splendid. Bacon
Celeriac, se-le're-ak. s. turnip-rooted celery.
Celerity, se-leVe-te. s. swiftness, velocity. Hook.
Celery, sel'4 re. s- a species of salad.
Celestial, se-lis'tshal. a. heavenly, relating re
the superior regions, relating to the blesseo
state. Shah.
Celestial, sMes'tshal. s. an inhabitant of hea
ven.
Celestially, ss-les'tshal-le. ad. in a heavenly
manner.
Celestify, se les'te-fl.v. a. to give heavenly na
ture to anv thing. Brown
Celiac, se'le-ak. a. relating to the lower belly.
Celibacy, sel'e-ba-se. s. single life. Att
Celibate, seTe-bat. s. single life. Graunt.
Cell, sill. s. a small cavity. Prior. -r-The cave
of a religious person. Den.— A close apart-
ment in a prison.
Cellar, se!'l&r. s. a place under ground, where
stores are reposited, or liquors kept. Peach
Cellarage, seflur-idje. s. the part of the build
ing which makes the cellars.
Cellarist, sll'lfir-ist, s. the butler in a religious
house.
Cellular, , sel'11-lar. a. consisting of little cells
or cavities. Sharp,
Cellule, sll'lile. s. a little cell. Mason's Sup.
Celsitude, sil'se-tide. s. height.
Celtic, seTtik. a. denoting what the Celts
spoke. Chesterfield
Cement, sem'ment. s. the matter making bo-
dies to cohere. Bacon. — Mortar.— Bond of
union in friendship. South,
Cement, se- reient'. v. a. to unite by something
interposed. Burrut. — v. n. to cohere. Sharp
Cementation, sc-ai-e'n-ta'shun. s. the act of ce-
menting.
Cemetery, slrn'me-tir-e. s. a place where the
dead are reposited. Add.
Cenatorv, sin'na-tSp-fe. a. relating to supper.
Cenobitical,sen-nA-bk'e-kal. a. living in com-
munity. Stil.
Cenotapli,sen'i-taf.^ an honorary empty tomb
Cense, sense, s. public rates. Bacon
Cense, sense, v. a. to perfume with odours.
Censer, sen'srjr. s. the pan in which incense
is burned. Peach.
Censor, sln'sSr. s. an officer of Rome who bad
the power of correcting manners, one who
is given to censure. Rose
Censorial), Sen-s6're-aii.«. relating to the censor
Censorious, sen-si're-us. a. addicted to cen-
sure, severe. Spratt
Censoriously, sen-L6're-us-le. ad. in a severe
manner.
Censoiiousness, 6in-si're-6s-n^s. s. disposition
1o reproach or censure. Til.
Censorship, seTi's^r-rhfp..?. theoffice ofacensor,
Censurable, sen'shi-rd-bl. a. worthy of censure,
culpable. Locke.
Censurableness, s2n'shi-ia-bl-nes. s. blame-
ableness.
Censure, stn'sh&re. s. blame, reproach. Pope. —
Judgment, judicial sentence. Shak.
Censure, s£n shire, v. a. to blame, to condemn.
CER
for, pit ; cibe, cab, fill; s&l,mSind; thick, thy®.
Censurer.s?n'shir-&r. s. he that blames.
?ent, sent. s. a hundred.
"enlaur,sen'tavvr. s. a poetical being, composed
of a man a 'id a horse, the archer in the zodiac.
Centaury, sln'tlw-re'. s. a plant.
Centenary, stu'te-na-re. i. the number of"a
hundred. ^ Hake.
Centennial, sen-ten'ni-al. a. consisting of a
hundred years. Mason's Sup.
Centesimal, sen-tes'e-mll. a. hundredth. Arb.
?entifolious, sen-tc-f6'le-us. a. having a hun-
dred leaves.
"entipede, seti'te-pede. .?. a poisonous insect.
Jen to, sen'ti. s. a composition formed by
joining scraps from oi her authors. Camci.
Centrai, seii'tial. a. relating to the centre,
entre, sen'tur. s. the middle. Dig.
Centre, Seii't&r. v. a. to place on a centre, to-
fix as on a centre.— v. n. to rest on. Att. —
To be placed in the midst or centre.
Centric, sin'trfk. 7 a. placed in the centre.
Centrical, sen'trik-al. X . Donne.
Centrifugal, sen-trifi-gal. a. having the qua-
lity of receding from the centre.
Centripetal, sen-trfpe-tal. a. having a ten-
dency to the centre. Cheyne.
Centry, st-n'tre. s. See Sentinel.
Centuple, sen'tu-pl. a. a hundred-fold.
''entuplicate, sen-trj'ple-kate. v. a. to make a
hundred-fold.
Centuriate, sen-tu'ie-ate. v. a. to divide into
hundreds.
Centuriator,s?n-tA-re-a'trar. s. a name given to
historians who distinguish times by cen-
turies.
Centurion, sen-ti're-Sn. s. a military officer,
who commanded a hundred men. Shak.
Century, s£n'tshu-re. s. a hundred years.
Cephalalgy, sef'd-lal-je. s. the head-ach.
Cephalic, se-fal'lik. a. that is medicinal to the
head. Arb.
Cerastes, se-ras'tez. s. a serpent having horns.
Cerate, se'rlt. s. a medicine made of wax.
'erated, se'rl-ted. a. waxed.
Cere. sere. v. a. to wax.
Cerebel, sir'e-bil. s. part of the brain. Derhatn.
Cerecloth, sere'cloth. s. cloth smeared over
with glutinous matter.
Cerement,sere'ment.i-. cloths dipped in melted
wax, with which dead bodies were infolded.
Ceremonial, ser-e-mA'ne-al . a. relating to cere-
mony, observant of old forms.
Ceremonial, Ser-e-m6'ue-ai. s. outward form,
external rite. Swift.— The order for rites
and forms in the Roman church.
Ceremonialness, ser-e mi'ne-al-nis. s. the qua-
lity of being ceremonial.
Ceremonious, ser-e-m6'ne-fjs. a. consisting, of
outward rites. South. — Full of ceremony.
Shak.— Civil. Add— Civil and formal to a
fault. Sid.
Ceremoniously, Ser-e-m6'ne-5s-le. ad. in a ce-
remonious manner, formally. Shak.
Ceremoniousness, ser-e-m6'rie-rjs-n2s.>. addict-
edness to ceremony.
Ceremony,ser'e-m6-n*e.j-. outward ri'.e, external
form in religion J^H.-rFormsofcivirity. Bac.
Certain, seVtin. a. .sure, indubitable. Till. —
Resolved, determineo. Milt. — Unfailing,
regular, not subject to chance, some, put
past doubt. Dryd.
Certainly, se¥tin-U. ad. indubitably, without
question. Locke. — Wuhoui uil.
Certaimy, sei'tin-te. s. exemption from doubt.
Locke.— That which >s real and fixed. Shak.
Certes, sir/tez. ad. certainly, in truth. Hud.
Certificate, ser-tif'e-kSt. s. a testimony in
writing.
mm
CHA
CHA
feate, tir, dill, clt ; bi, b?t ; wine, win; si, prSve, fir, pit; cube, cub, full ; sli\, mSund ; tnick,/£«s-
Certify, sSt'tt-fl. v. a. to give certain informa-^Chalcographer, kal-kog'gri-fur
tion of. Ham
Certiorari, ser-she-c-ra'ri. f. a writ issuing out
of the chancery, to call up the records of a
cause therein depending. Cowell.
Certitude, seVte-tude. s. certainly, freedom
from doubt. Dryd.
Cervical, ser've-kil. a. belonging to the neck.
Cerulean, se-rule-an. la. blue, sky-coloured.
Ceruleous, se-ri'!e 5s. J Bovle.
Cerulific, s?r- u-Hfik. a. having the power to
produce a blue colour. Grew.
Cerumen, se-rumcn. s. the wax of the ear.
Ceruse, sl'f&se, s. white lead. Qui/i.
Cesarian, se-za're-an.;?. tlie Cesarian section is
cutting the child out of the womb. Quin
Cespititious, seVpe-tlsh'Ss. a. made of turfs
Cess, ses. s. a levy or rate made according to
their property. Spen.— The act of laying rates,
Cess, ses. v. a. to state, to lay charge on. Spen,
Cessation, ses-si'sh&n. .-. a stop, a rest. Hay.—
A pause of hostility without peace.
Cessavit, ses-sa'vit. .?. a writ. Cowell.
Cessibility, ses-se-bil'e-te. s. the quality of re-
ceding/or giving way. Digby.
Cessible", seVsi-bl. a. easy to give way. DigSy.
Cession. sesh'shon. s. retreat, the act of giving
way. Bacon.— Resignation. Temple.
Cessionary, sesh'shc-6-na-re. a. implying a re-
signation.
Cessment, ses'ment. s. an assessment or tax.
Cessor, sas'sur. s. he that ceases so long to per-
form a duty as that he incurs the danger of
law. Cowell.
Cestus, ses'ius. s. the girdle of Venus.
Cetaceous, se-ta'shus. a. of the whale kind. Br.
Chad, shld. s. a sort of fish. Carew.
Chafe, tstaafe. s. heat, rage, fury. Hud.
Chafe, tshafe. v. a. to warm with rubbins. Sid.
— To heat. Shak.— To make angry. Hay. —
v. n. to rage, to fume. Pope.
Chafe-wax, tshafe'waks. s. an officer belonging
the lord-chancellor. Harris.
Chafer, tshafe'ar. s an insect.
Chaff, tshaf. s. the husks of corn. Dryd.— Any
thing worthless.
Chaffer, tshaf'fur. v. n. to haggle, to bargain.
Swift.
Charterer, tshafftir-rur. s. a buyer, a bar-
gainer; a vessel for heating water.
Chaffinch, tsbiffinsb. s. a bird so called.
Chaffless, tshat'les. a. without chaff. Shak.
Chaffweed, tsbdfweed. s. cudweed.
Chaffy, tsMf'fe. a. like chaff, full of chaff.
Chafingdish, uhafing-dish. s. a vessel to make
any thing hot in, a portable grate for coals.
Bacon.
Chagrin, sha-greeti'. s. ill-humour, vexation.
Chagrin, sha-grfrfcn'. v. a. to vex, to put out of
temper.
Chain, tshane. s. a series of links, a bond. Pope,
Chain, tshane. v. a. to fasten or link with a
chain. Knol. — To bring into slavery. Pope.
—To unite.
Chainpump, tshane'pump. s. a pump used ir
large English vessels. Cham
r. an engraver
engraving in
in brass
Chalcography, kal-kig'gra-fe.
brass.
Chaldron, l ts p a ' drun \s. a dry English mea-
Chaudron,j- t!,naaron - j sure of coals; the
chaudo?i should weigh two thousand pounds.
Chalice, tshal'is. s. a cup, a bowl. ^.^.—Ge-
nerally used for a cup in acts of worship.
Chaliced, tshal'list. a. having a cell or cup.
Chaik, tshawk. s. a white fossil.
Chalk, tshawk. v. a. to rub with chalk, to ma-
nure with chalk. Mori.— To mark out as
with chalk. Wood.
Chalk-cutter, tshlwk'kut-tar. s. a man that
di|2S chalk. Wood.
Chalky, tshawkke. a. consisting of chalk,white
With chalk, impregnated with chalk. Bacon.
Challenge, tshal'lenje. v. a. to call another to
fcombat, to accuse. Shak.— To call to a con-
test. Jjqc. — To object to the impartiality of
any one. Hale.— To claim as due. Hooker.
Challenge, tshal'lenje. s. a summons to com-
bat. Shak.— Pi demand of something as due.
Collins. In law, an exception taken either
against persons or things. Cowell.
Challenger, tshal'ien-jur. ^. one that summons
another to combat, one that claims supe-
riority. Shak. — A claimant. Hooker.
Chalybeate, ka-lio'be-et. a. impregnated with
iron or steel. Arb.
Chamade, sha-made'. s. the beat of the drum
which declares a surrender. Add.
Chamber, tshaoie'bur. (tsha'm-bur. S.) s. an
apartment in a house, any retired room.
Prior.— A court of justice. Ayliffe.
Chamber, tsharrse'bur. v. j. to be wanton, to
intrigue, to reside as in a chamber. Shak.
Chamberer, Lshame'bar-ur.i. a man of intrigue.
Chamoerfellow. tshame'bur-fei-lA. s. one that
lies in the same chamber.
Chamberlain, tsheroe'bar-lm. s. in England,
the sixth great officer of the crown, one
who taiies care of chambers. Dryd.
Chamberlainship, tshame'bur-lfri ship. s. the
office of a chamberlain.
Chamber-lye, tshaoie'bur le. s. urine.
Chambermaid, tshame'bur-mide. s. a maid
whose business is to dress a lady.
Cbambrel of a horse, kam'bril. s. the joint or
bending of the upper part of the hinder leg.
Chameieon, ka-me'le an. 5. a kind of lizard,
said to live on air.
Chainlet, kam'let. s. See Camelot.
Chamois. sha'mSe. s. an animal of the goat kind.
Chamomile, kam'6-mlle. s. the name of an odo-
riferous plant. Spens.
Champ, tshamp. v. a. to bite with a frequent
action of the teeth. Bacon. — To devour.
Champaign, tsham-pane'. s. a flat open coun-
try, a kine of wine. Milt.
Chainpertors, tsham'per-turz. .«. such as move
suits at their own proper costs, to have part
of the gains.
Champignon, sham-pm'yun. s. a kind of mush-
room. Wood.
Chainshct, tshane'shot. s. two bullets, or half Champion, tsliam'pe-an. s. a single combatant,
bullets, fastened together by a chain, which, Dryd.— A stout warrior. Locke.
when they fly open, cut away whatever is Champion, tshain'pe-un. v. a. to challenge,
before them. Championess, tsham'pe-un es. s. a female
Chainwork, tshane'wurk. s. work with open
spaces. King.
Chair, ishare. s. a moveable seat. Watts.— A
seat of justice, a sedan. Pope.
Chairman, tshare'man. s. the president of an
assembly. Watts. — One who carries a sedan.
Chaise, tshaze. s. a carriage of pleasure, or ex-
pedition. Add.
champion. Mason.
Chance,tf.banse. s. fortune, the cause of fortui-
tous events, the act of fortune. Bacon. — Ac-
cident. South. — Success, luck, misfortune.
■SV^.— Possibility of any occurrence. Milt.
Chance, tshanse. v. n. to happen, to fall out.
Chance-medley, tshanse-med'le. s, in law, the
casual slaughter of a man. Soutki.
CH A
C H A
the head, SMjk.— A stria- of beads. In
architecture, a moulding carved into beads.
Chapman, tshap'man. s. a cheapener, one that
offers as a purchaser. Dryd.
Chaps, tshops. i. the mouth of a beast of prev.
Dryd.
Chapt, \ t ^ hKnt j the part. pass, from" to
('happed, j
sfiopt.
Hite tIr,c!U,cal ; be, bet; w\rte,wi»j si, prove, f»r, p6t;c-abe, cab, fall ; soil, mo&ad ; t&ick, thm.
Chanceable. Uhin'sa-bl. a. accidental. | Chaplet, tshep'Ur, s. a garland worn about
Chance 1 , tshin's>Si. s. the eastern part of the
church. ^ Add.
Chancellor, tshan'sSl-l&r. s. a great officer of
Chancellorship, tsh3n'sel-lar-ship* s. the office
of chancellor. Camd.
Chancers, tshan's&r-J. s. the court of equitv
and conscience. Cown.
Chancre, shank'ur. s. an ulcer usually arising
from venereal diseases. Wise.
Chancrous, shank'r&s. a. ulcerous. Wise.
Chandelier. shan-de-Uer'. s. a branch for can-
dles. ,
Chandler, tshand'lur. s. an artisan whose trade
it is to make candies. Gay.
Change, t-ldvne. r. a. to put one thing in the
place of another. Bac— Tp discount. Swift.
— To give and take reciprocally. Taylor. —
To alter. Ecclus.— -To amend. Shak.— v. n.
to undergo change, to suffer alteration.
Change, tshinje. "j-. altera; ion, succession.
Prior. — Novelty. Dryd.— That which makes
a variety, small money. Swift.
Changeable,*tshaiije'a bl. a. subject to change,
fick.e, possible to be changed. Arb.
Changeablene-s, tsMuje'a bl-ni--. s. susceptibi-
lity of change. Hook.— Inconstancy, fickle-
ness. Sid//.
Changeably, tshanje'a-blfe. ad. inconstantly.
Changeful, tshinge'tul. a. inconstant, uncer-
tain, mutable. Pope.
Channeling, tshinje".!r.g. s. a child left or
taken in the place of another. Spens. — An
idiot. Dryd— A waverer.
Cnanger, tshanj'ar. s. one that is employed in
changing money.
Channel, tshan'niL s. the bed of running
waters. Spens.— A strait or narrow sea, a
gutter of a pillar.
Channel, tsbinnll. v. n. to cut any thing in
channels. Wsiion.
Chanson, shan'san. s. (Fr.)a song. Shnk. Haml.
Chant, -tshant. v. a. to Mng. Spetis.— To cele-
brate by song in the cathedral-service.
Br am — v. n. to sing.
Chant, tshant. s. song, melody. Milt.
Chanter, tshan'tar. .>•. a singer, a songster.
Chanticleer, tshan'te kick, s. the cock, from
his crow. Dryd.
Chaatress, tshari'tris. s. a woman-singer. Mitt. \
Chantry, tshati'trfc. s. a church endowed for •
priests losing mass for the soulsof thedonors. I
Chaos, k.Vus. s. the first confused mass of mat-
ter, confusioi!, irregular mixture. K. Charles, j
Chao':ic, ki-ot'lik. a. resembling "chaos j con-
Fused. Den.
Chap, tshop. v. a. to break into chinks, to
make gape. Black.
Chap, tshop. s. a cleft, a chink. Burnet. — The
upper or under part of a beast's mouth.
Chape, tshape. s. the catch of any thing by
/hich it is held in its place. Shak.
of worship,
Chapel, tshap'pel. s. a place <
Shapeless, ishJpe'les a. without a chape.
Cbapellany, tshap'pel-lifi-ni. s. a chapel/any is
founded within some other church. Ayiijfe.
Chapelry, tshlp'psl-re. j. tiie jurisdiction cr
bound of a chare!.
Chapfaln, tshop'iiin. a. having the mouth
shrunk. Dryd
Chaplain, tshaplin. s. a clergyman that at-
tends the king, or other person, for the in-
struction of him and hi*- family. Cowell.
Chaplainshipjisfuj Hrr-ship. s. the office or bu-
siness ofaciiap'.a .;, the revenue of a chapel.
without any flesh about
the UiO'jth. Shak.
chap.
Chapter, tship'tar. s. a division of a book.
South.— Charter, an assembly of the clergy
of a cathedral. Cowell.
Chaptrel, tshap'trel. s. the capitals of pillars
h hich su pport arches. Moxon.
Char, tshar. v >'. a rar- fish found in Winander-
mere, in Westmorland.
Char, tshar. v. a. to burn wood to a black
cinder. Wood.
Char, tshire. (tsha'r. S.) s. work done by the
day. Dryd.
Char, tshire. (tsha'r S.)v- n. to work at others
houses by the day. Dryd.
Char-woman, tshire'wum-Qn. (tshar'mum-uu.
S.) s. a woman hired occasionally for drud-
gery. Swift.
Character, kar'ak-tar. s. a mark, a stamp. Milt.
—A leU i'i" used in writing or printing. Hoi.
— A representation oi a man as to his per-
sonal qualities. Den.— The person with his
assemblage of qualities. Dryd. — Personal
qualities." Pope— Adventitious qualities.
Character, kir ak-tur. v. a. to inscribe, to en-
grave. Sliak.
Characteristical, kar-ak-tJ-ris'te-kal. a. that
which constitutes the character. Wood.
Characteristicalness, kar-akte-rlt/li-kal-nes. s.
the quality of being peculiar to a character.
Characteristic, kar-ak-te-ris'uk. a. that which
constitutes the character. Pope.
Characteristic, kar ak-tJ-ris'tik. .J. that which
constitutes the character.
Characterize, kii'dk-ti-ilze. v. a. to give a cha-
racter of the personal qualities. Swift.— To
engrave, to imprint. Hale. — To mark with
a particular stamp. Arb.
Characterless, kur'ak-tur-les. a. without a cha-
racter. - Shak.
Characterv, kar'.lk-tar-e. s. impression, mark.
Shak.
Charcoal, tshar'liole. s. coal made by burning
wood under turf.
Chard, tshlrd. s. chords of artichokes are the
leaves of fair artichoke-plants, tied and
wrapped un all over, but the top in straw.
—€h trds oi beet are plants of white
beet transplanted. Mort.
Charge, tsharje. v. a. to entrust, to commission
for acerta n purpose. Shak. — To impute as
a debt. / oc&e.. — To impute as a crime. Pope.
Watts.— To accuse, to command. Dryd. — To
attack. Gtanv.—'To burden. Ten/pie.— -To
fill. Add. — To load a gun.
Charge, tsharje. s. cafe, trust. Knolles.
Precept, command. Hooker. — Commission.
Pope.— Accusation. Shak.— The thing en-
trusted. Mill.— Cost. ty«K.— Attack. Bac.
—The quantity of powder and bail put into
a gun.
Chargeable, tshlr'ja-bl, a. expensive, costly.
Watt.— imputable a^ a debtor crime. South.
— Accusable.
Chargeab!ene»s, tshar'ja-bl-ncs. s. expence,
cost, costliness. Boyle.
Chargeably, tshlr'ja-biJ. ad. expensively.
Charger, Uhir'iQr. i. a large dibb. Dnh.nn.
Charily, tshi're \h. ad. warily, frugally,
Chariness, Uha'ri-nes. s. camion, nicety. ■!',?,'-,
Chariot, uhh'ii tit. s. a carriage oi' pleasun or
JH
CH A
Rite tsr, c'!!,ciU ; bi, bit ; vv'me. Wid ; so, prove
state. Dryd- — A car used in wzv.—Note. This ■
•word is sometimes pronounced as if consisting j
nf buf two syllables ; but such pronunciation I
is o'tly tolerable in the most familiar conver-
sation.
Chariot, tshar'ri-ot. v. a. to convey in a cha-
riot. ' Milt. |
Clnrioteer, tshlr-ri-M-tifar'. s. he that drives i
the chariot. See Chariot. Prior. \
Chariot-race, tshAYr^-ut rase, s. a sport where j
chariots were driven for the prize. Add. I
Charitable, tshar'i ta hi. a. kind in giving aims. '
Tav. — Kind in judging of others. 'Bacon. \
Charitably, tshir'e-ta-bie. ad. kindj liberally,
, benevolently. Taylor.
Charity, tshar'Vte. 5. tenderness, love. Milt —
Good-will. Dryd.-— The theological virtue of
universal love' Att.— Alms. VEstr. I
Chark, tshlik. v. a. to bum to a black cinder.
Grew. :
Charlatan, tsbai'la-tan. s. a quack, a mounte-
bank. Brown.
Charlataniral, tshlr-li-taii'i-ka!. a. quackish,
ignorant. Cowley. !
Charlatanry, tshtila-taii-rfe. s. wheedling, de- j
ceit. i
Charles's Wain, tshlrlz'iz-waee..?. the northern
constellation, called the Bear. Brown.
rjharlock, tshlr'lok. s. a weed growing among
the corn.
Charm, tsharm. s. words or philtres imagined
to have some occult power. Swift. — Some-
thing of power to gain (he affections. Wall.
Charm, tsharm. v. a. to fortify with charms
against evil, to subdue by some secret
power, to subdue by pleamfe. Waller.
Charmer, tshli'miir. /.one that has the power
of charms or enchantments. Dryd.
Charming, tshfr'mlttg.^fl'r/. a. pleasing in ihe
highest degree. Spralt.
Charmingly, tsh£r'mlng-lt. ad. in such a man-
ner as t j please exceedingly. A.-id.
Charmitigness, tsbar'ming-n&s. j, the power
ofpleasing.
Charnel, tshar'nel. a. containing flesh or car-
cases. Milt.
Charnel-house, ishar'nil-house. s. the place
where the bones of the dead are reposited.
Taylor. I
Chart, klrt,or tshart. s. a delineation of coasts j
Milt.— Note. The latter pronunciation is the ;
more eligible*
Charter, tshtr'tSr. s. a written evidence. !
Cowe i- — Any writing bestowing privileges
or rights. Ral. — Privilege, exemption. Shak.
Charter-party, tshlr'tur-par te. s a paper re-
lating to a contract, "of which each party ;
has a~ copy. Hale. '
Chartered, tshlr'turd. a. privileged, granted
by charier Shak. \
Chary, tsh.Vre. a. careful, cautious. Carew.
Chase, tshsse. v. a. to hunt as game, to pursue j
as an enemv.
Chase, *sh\se. j. hunting. Burnet.— Fitness to ;
be hunted. Dryd.— Pursuit of an enemy, j
Knoltes. Hunting-match, open ground
stored with such beasts as are hunted. j
Shak. ;
Chase-gun, tehase'gfin. s. a gun in the tore j
part of a ship. Dryd. '
Chaser, tsbi'sur. s. a hunter, pursuer, driver.
Den.
Chasm, kazm. s. a cleft, a gape. Locke.— A va-
cuity. Dryd.
Chaste, tshaste. a. pure from all commerce of
sexes, uncorrupt, hot mixed with barbarous
phrases, free from obscenity. Watts.— True
to the marriage bed.
CHE
lor, p6r; e&be, cub, full ; soil, mound ; thick, th ;s*
Chasten, tsbise'tn. v. a. to correct to putrsh..
Prov. Roxve.
Chastise, tshas-tlze'. v. a. to punish, to correct
bv punishment. Boyle. — To reduce to order
or obedience. Shak.
Chastisement, tshas'tiz-metit. s. correction,
punish me n t . Ral. Bent .
Ch asti sev, tshds tl'zur. s. a ntt n isher, a corrector .
Chastity, tshls'ti-ti. (tshas'-ti-li, S.) s. purity
of the body. Tay. Pope. — Freedom Irom bad
mixture of any kind.
Chastly, taliiste'li. ad. without incontinence,
purely. Dryd. •
Chastness, t^haste'n^s. s. chastity, purity.
Chat, tsh.lt. v. n. to orate, to talk idiy. " Spen.
Chat, ishit. s. idle talk, prate. Pope.
Chatellany, tsbat'tel-ten-4. j. the district under
the dominion of a castie.
Chattel, t lil'tl. /.any moveable possession.
Chatter, tshat'tSr. v. a. to make a noise as a
p ; e. Dryd. — To make a noise by collision of
the teeth. Prior.— Tq talk idly. Watts.
Chatter, tsh&'tftf. s. noise like that of a pie or
monkey. Sivift.— Idle prate.
Chatterer, tshit't&r-rur. •. an idle talker.
Chatty, tshat'ti. a. liberal of conversation.
Mason *
Chavender, tshav'in-dur. s the chub, a fish.
Chauman telle, sh6-m6n-tel'. j. a sort of pe: r.
Chaw. tshiw, v. a. to masticate, to chew.
Chuvdron, tshaw'druti. .«. entrails, Shak.
Cheap, tshepe. a to be had at a low rate.
Locke. — Not respected. Bacon.
Cheapen, tshi'pn. v. a. to bid for any thing.
Prior.— To lessi n value. Dryd.
Cheaply, tshJpe'lt. ad. at a small price, at a
io w rate. Dryd.
Cheapness, tshcpe'ncs. s. lowne^s of price.
Cheat, tsb^te. v. a. to defraud, to impose
upon, to trick. Till.
Cheat, tshete. s. a fraud, an imposture. Dryd.
— A person guilty of fraud. Sorhlt.
Cheater, tshe'ifir. s. one that practises fraud.
Check, tshtk. v. a. to repress, to curb. Bacon.
Milf.— Vo chide. Shak.— To controul by a
counter reckoning. — v. n. to stop, to make
a stop. Locke.
Check, tshek. .<. stop, rebuff. Rogers — Re-
straint, curb,