ff!'.' !' 81"" ■■'•• !!>•■!'"':'■:.'■!;':; t:''-;..; i^i '';i::ih^i':v^:'iiii!^i- ;'■';'■';!!;'•''!'■''■--:: >,|;;-"..\:- :.,.■-;■; ■...;' •■-■;'•] •■■'', ■■ I::';' ! T T 2^ 61sT Congress \ 3d Session i HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES f DOCOMENT I No. 1448 1.'^ G:' 1.1 v** WILLIAM C. LOVERING (Late a Representative from Massachusetts) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES AND SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS Proceedings in the House June 5, 1910 Proceedings in the Senate February 25, 1911 COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING WASHINGTON 1911 ^ K- 6r .. «'■, TABLE OF r.OXT?:NTS Proceedings in the House 5 Prayer by Rev. John Van Schniek 5 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D 8 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Foss, of Massachusetts 10 Jlr. Norris, of Nebraska 16 Mr. McCall, of Massachusetts 19 Mr. Keliher, of Massachusetts 21 Mr. Peters, of Massaciiusetts 24 Mr. Booher, of Jlissouri 26 Mr. Tirrell, of Massachusetts 28 Mr. O'Connell, of Massachusetts 32 Mr. Miller, of Minnesota 41 Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts 43 Mr. Esch, of Wisconsin 47 Mr. Lawrence, of Massachusetts 49 Mr. Washburn, of Massachusetts 52 Mr. Maguire, of Nebraska 57 Ml-. Weeks, of Massachusetts 60 Mr. Gardner, of Massachusetts 64 Mr. Gillett, of Massachusetts 66 Mr. Roberts, of Massachusetts 69 Proceedings in tlie Senate 73 Prayer by Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce 75 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Lodge, of .Massachusetts 77 .Mr. Wetmore. of Rhode Island 80 Mr. Crane, of .Massachusetts 82 [31 HON- V/I I_LIAIVI C .L^Ci'yE.^ilKG DEATH OF HON. WILLIAM C. LOVERING Proceedings in the Holise February 4. 1910. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Prayer by Rev. John Van Schaick, as foHows: Ahnighty God, our heavenly Father, we invoke Thy blessing upon this Government, and especially upon this House, charged with heavy responsibility. In time of sorrow and in joy, may we realize that Thou dost rule and overrule, that Thou art the lord of our lives, the dis- poser of our lot. Face to face with the death of a Member of this body, help us to lift ourselves above the shadows of earth into the light of Thy countenance, into the comfort of Thy presence. Let Thy blessing be with all who mourn. Help us all to be grateful for a life full of years and of service, and more and more strive to do and to bear Thy blessed, holy will. So may Thy kingdom come and Thy holy will be done on earth as if is in heaven. Amen. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was rea' N. Coudcii, D. D., offered the following prayer: Eternal God, our Heavenly Father, we rejoice in life, with all its hopes and promises, that as the years come and go the world is growing better, since men in all the legitimate walks of life are living to a higher standard of manhood. That all of good the past has had Remains to make our own time glad. We thank Thee for all who by honest industry and clean living have left results behind them and a character which lives to inspire those who follow in their wake. Such was the man in whose memoiy we liavc assembled here to-day. Strong in his mentality, pure in his motives, firm in his convictions, his aims were high — a fine type of American citizenship. The elements thus blended in his character made him conspicuous and brought him to the front, and though a quiet, modest, una.ssuming man, yet wherever he was placed he fulfilled the high expectations of his countrymen. As a Representative upon the floor of this House he served long and well his State and Nation, and leaves behind him a record worthy of enmla- tion. And now, O God, our Father, let the blessed hope of immortality solace those \\ho mourn him, that they may look forward to the bright beyond, where sorrows never come; and glon,' and honor and praise be Thine forever. Amen. [8] Proceedings in the House The Journal ol' the |)i<)COO(liiigs ol' \isti'i' of wlioin the House is assembled to-day, rendered his Coninioii- wealth and the Nation valuable and faithful service dur- ing the 13 years that he spent as a Member of this body. His successor and the gentleman from Nebraska, Nvho have just spoken, eloquently bear witness of his high place in their regard. I join them and those who are yet to speak in paying tribute to his memory. I will simply add a few words to express my own deep sense of per- sonal loss and of the high esteem in which I held him. I first knew him some 18 years ago, when, as the chair- man of the Republican State convention of Massachusetts, he made a speech which impressed me with the great force and vigor with wiiich lie discussed the issues of that time. I was a fellow Member with him during the entire period of his service in this House. By his early training and from long association he was especially fitted to deal with questions of a financial and of an industrial char- acter, and it was with such measures that he was specially identified here. He was also deeply concerned in ques- tions which had a humanitarian side. We all remember the keen interest which he showed in the well-being of those men who patrol our vast stretches of seacoast, who go out in their little lifeboats across the angry breakers in order to save the lives of their fellow men, and how he was concerned to make suit- able provision for the declining years of those heroes after their active years had been spent in their humane and dangerous calling. [191 Memori.vi. Addresses: Representative Lovering He also, in the committee of which he was a member, showed a deep interest in measures which tended to banish from the ocean the remnants of barbarities which still linger and which have come down to us from former centuries. He was, as I have said, especially concerned in great measures of a financial and industrial character, and dur- ing his service here rendered the country most valuable service in connection with legislation relating to finance, taxation, and commerce. His departure is a great loss to his friends, to the House, to the country, and to his Commonwealth. He upheld here the high traditions which had been maintained by the Representatives of the district which he served. His life will be an example to the young men of to-day and of the future, and will inspire them with the ambition to render faithful service to their countrj'. [20] Address of Mr. Kfxiher, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: Though horn in Rhode Island, our hite colleague, William Cro.\u Lovering. was essentially a product of Massachusetts, for, having in youth hecome her son by adoption, he continued in manhood one of her most useful, respected, and distinguished citizens. Those rugged traits which have ever characterized the people of Massachusetts, and to which they owe the com- manding position of their State among her sisters, were splendidly typified in the dead statesman whose memory we honor to-daj^ William Croad Lovering was honest, lutellcctual, ener- getic, and patriotic. Although he chose a business career the nature of whicli demanded continuous attention, he did not permit it to so occupy him as to render him indif- ferent to the duties good citizenship imposes. He gave generously of his time and talents for the promotion of the general weal, and no public service was so unim- portant as to be overlooked or shirked. Due recognition uf these civic duties liberally taxed time and energy upon which his growing business enter- prises had a prior claim. If more citizens of the type of William C. Lovering as willingly and patriotically per- formed their share of tlie duties which rightfully devolve upon American citizenship, fewer demagogues would occupy public office and a higlier standard of elliciency and honesty would characterize the public service. Mr. Speaker, ^\■hen grim war visited our lair land, and upon the success at anus depended whether a great [21] Memorial Addresses: Representative Lovering political principle should stand or fall, William C. Lover- ing hastened to join the patriotic hosts that rallied to the suppoit of Lincoln. His keen sense of duty manifested itself in war as in peace, and to such a spirit as he dis- played when occasion demanded we owe that national solidarity that makes us at once the most powerful and respected Nation upon God's earth. In business life our late colleague achieved marked success, and yet it was never even whispered that his suc- cess was accomplished by other than strictly honorable means. In his public life William C. Lovering was right- fully regarded as a sound, able, conscientious, and pro- gressive public servant. Nature had blessed him with an excellent mind, which was supplemented by thorough education, exhaustive study, and extensive travel. He enjoyed great familiarity with the general history of the Nation and his mind was well stored with thoroughly digested views upon her complex economic, industrial, and political problems. Recognizing tliat the most successful way to administer the Government was through the agency of parties, William Cboad Lovering subscribed and adhered to the principles and policies of the Republican Party. Though he was a strong partisan, he was first a patriot, and party allegiance did not bind him to that which he believed inimical to the best interests of the whole country. In Congress he occupied a prominent and influential position to the very day upon which his life work ended. As we here in Congress appreciated his worth, so did his constituency, for it retained him in the ofBce for 13 years and would have continued to do so had not his health so failed as to force him to announce his wish to retire, a desire which death soon granted. Mr. Speaker, our late colleague was an impressive fig- ure. Dignified, though extremely kind, courtly, and ever [22] AonRKss oi Mr. Kelhiek, oi- Massachi smrs courteous, iiis dcpartiirt' through death from this body is mourned by its entire membership, while his loss to his State can best be measured by the widespread and gen- uine grief which the knowledge of his demise occasioned. His death leaves a gap in the public service of Massa- chusetts whicli will be exceedingly hard to fdl. May his type in the public service multiply. [23] Address of Mr. Peters, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: By a nature direct and sympathetic Wil- liam Croad Lovering drew to himself many friends, and their loyalty and love for him grew greater as the years went on. As one of these friends it is my privilege to pay my last respects to him whose memory I shall always treasure. William Croad Lovering was, when he died, the oldest Representative of tlic oldest Slate of the Union. In the center of his district stands the famous rock where Eng- lish feet first trod in settling this new land, their land of hope and freedom, their new- England. Southward and eastward from Plymouth Rock swings out into the North Atlantic the great, flat, sandy elbow of Cape Cod, of which the long white dunes and the dry swishing spear grass are no more distinctive and characteristic than its fine old fisher people. Inland from Plymouth lie the manufactur- ing centers of Brockton and Bridgewater, with a popula- tion radically different from that of the shore. Indeed, that little district is an epitome of all New England, and of all that was best in tliat district William Croad Lov- ering was truly a representative. He had the same strength of character that inspired his forefathers to hew out for themselves, from the wintiy woods of Massachusetts, homes and hearths, the light of which illumined a continent. Like the Pilgrims, bodily weakness could not stay him from his work. With grim perseverance he fought tlie fight through to the end, gen- tle, unflinching, until he was called from his duty. Stead- [24] i Address of Mr. Pktkhs, oi Massacih skits fast, but gentle, he was, witli the gentleness of those liardy settlers who could lay down their smoking weapons and at a moment's notice become a loving father and a genial friend. .\lthough he was above all an earnest man and one wlio plowed each luirow to llic end, Mr. Lovering's activities were not confined to a single branch of public service. He was a leader in building up the great industries of our State; he served for a short term in the war; and he par- ticipated in the government of Massachusetts while some of us were in the cradle. We who knew him as a Mem- ber of this body need not recall the traits he showed here, the traits that made us love and respect liini, the traits that made his Massachusetts colleagues point to him proudly as the dean of our delegation, a type of tiie founders of our State and of the Union. As firm he stood in his convictions as that famous bit of granite lying in his old district by the blue waters of the bay, and his convictions were broad and based upon no blind refusal to acknowledge the inevitable change of con- ditions. He stood always in the fore front of the line, swinging his ax witli the rest, not harking back too often to past accomplishments, but intent on clearing from the tangled wilderness of problems which has grown up to confront us a place for a new liberty, a still more glorious peace, prosperity, and union. When on that winter's day we saw the flags on Capitol Hill streaming at half-mast in the sunshine, and when we learned that one more colleague w'&s enrolled forever in the great nuijority of the hereafter, looking back upon the life and work of William Croad Loverino as we had known him, we must all have united in a single thought, however differently expressed, " Well done, thou good and faithful sei-vant." [25] Address of Mr. Booher, of Missouri Mr. Speaker: It is fitting that we should meet here to-day in this special session to honor the memory, to recount the valued services, and to review the life of William C. Lovering, for 13 years a Member of this House from the fourteenth Massachusetts district. As a comparatively new Member of this body, I shall not attempt to dwell at length upon the public career of this great and good man. Others have told and will tell of the many noble traits of character that endeared him for so long to his constituents and his colleagues, and I have listened with approval to every word that has been said here by these veterans in the service. Yet, during my limited acquaintance with Mr. Lovering, I had grown to love, to admire, and to respect him to the fullest extent. He was a man that inspired these things. He deserved and enjoyed the esteem of the entire mem- bership of this House; he was as considerate of the novice in national legislative service as of the man of more mature years who had fought side Ijy side with him through many political battles. When I first met him I recall that I was particularly struck with his genial bearing, his uniform courtesy, his regard for the feeling of others, and, above all, his con- scientious devotion to duty as he saw it. Mr. Lovering disagreed with many of us in his political views; he was a fearless ad\ocate of what he believed to be right, but no man within my hearing to-day can say that he ever took an unfair advantage of an adversary, or, to use one of the expressions of the day, that he " hit below the belt." [2G] Adbhecss of Mh. BooiiKH, or Missoi lu And thus it was that his indepciulciit altitudi', coupk-d with his spirit of fair play and his unwavering loyalty to his friends, his constituency, and his country, won for him here at the Capitol a reputation that might well he the envy of any man in puhlic service to-day. Mr. LovERiNG entered Congress after he had passed the sixtieth milestone of life's journey, at an age when less anihitious men are thinking of cessation from life's strug- gles and of deeds performed rather than those to he per- formed. Prior to this time he had served with distinc- tion in the Massachusetts Legislature. There, as here, he was alwaj's the exponent of uprightness in civil affairs; and there, as here, he made friends that mourn him sincerely to-daj'. .\ man of means, successful in business, influential in big as well as little things, he has left behind him a record of good works, and his career to-day should be an inspira- tion to the younger generations. Massachusetts has lost one of her most valued citizens, this House one of its most beloved Members, and the Nation one of its most valiant public servants in the pass- ing of William C. Lovering. [27] Address of Mr. Tirrell, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: In the death of our associate we mourn the loss of a business man in politics. It is natural for a professional man to be attracted by public affairs. His professional employment is of a semipublic character. This leads him into legislative or political associations in which he finds a broad field for the exercise of talents which his education and experience have fitted him. With the business man it is otherwise. His tastes lead him in an opposite direction, so that when you find the business man with an aptitude for public life and success- ful also in business administration, you have an ideal man as a legislative guide, counselor, and creator. Such, emphatically, was our late associate, to whom we to-day pay our last tribute of respect and rapprcciation. William C. Lovering, upon the completion of his school life, entered into the manufacturing business with his father in the control of the Whittenton Mills, located at Taunton, Mass., one of the leading corporations in this line of work in New England. The artistic side of the work done, requiring taste, skill, combination, and thor- ough study, was under his direction, and constituted one of the most valuable assets of the company. In addition he interested himself for the benefit of his city and State, socially, financially, and educationally. He was prominent in Masonic circles and a member of his local Grand Army of the Republic post. He had the interests of the toiler at heart, as State senator voting for a 10-hour law in Massachusetts, and [28] AdDKESS of Mh. TlRRKl.l., 01 MASSACIirSETTS later, in national legislation, laboring lor an 8-hour law to apply throughout the United States. He entered Congress late in life, with an established business reputation and in tiie full maturity of his powers. He was equipped for the service. His accurate judgment and great experience armed him for the conflict along industrial lines. His practical knowledge and long and varied investigations of business problems had given him the requisite information to meet their solution with facts to sustain his contentions with ability and force. Par- ticularly was this true as to what appertained to the cotton industry, in which he was an expert. He was an ardent advocate of drawback legislation, the object being thereby to increase our export trade. Representing a seaboard district, he was untiring in securing better conditions for members of our life-saving stations along the coast. As a member of the Committee on Banks and Banking, he advocated zealously certain currency reforms, which were original and valuable contributions to this most intricate and delicate legislation. He denounced gambling in futures of the necessities of life and was much interested in a bill designed to prevent the same. In these and similar matters he was bold and fearless. You might not agree with all of them, but you could not but respect his views and admire his independence and often original action. A study of his congressional action can not fail to show some of his notable characteristics. He was pertinacious. He was not easily discouraged. He did not drop a matter because the majority were against him. He returned again and again to the charge. If his original proposition was voted down, again it would appear, perhaps in a changed or modified form, and be pushed forward with enthusiasm. If defeated, it did not discourage him, but .stimulated him to renewed effort under different conditions. He saw [29] Memokiai, Aodkesshs: Hephesentativk Loverinc. that in the evolution of events the rejected stone not infre- quently became the headstone in the corner. His business activities taught him the valuable lesson of patience and untiring work. He knew well that changes were brought about by education and enlightened opinion, the result of line upon line and precept upon precept. He realized that moral ideas must, as it were, percolate among the people before their general adoption. The people must consider them, turn them over for examination on every side, test them, argue against them to bring out their defects, discuss them until a general interest in them was created and some general action upon them demanded, before they were adopted. Even if not adopted, a more rational, careful, critical view of the subject would follow. Thus his shrewdness, liis practical common sense, liis knowledge of the world, and his adaptability to circum- stances made him victorious in his political battles and won for him much respect as a legislator. He was happy in his domestic relations, having one daughter who married into a distinguished family in Massachusetts, and another who was his constant com- panion and solace of his later years. His health was failing for some time before he left us. His friends remarked upon his weakened powers long before the end came. His courage, however, remained unshaken, an' in itself. It is not only a tribute to him, but it is also an assurance to every boy in our land that this Republic is not ungrateful for service well and faithfully performed. William C. Lovering did not live in vain. No man has lived in vain who has served his countiy faithfully, as he did, both as a private citizen and as a public servant. Men are measured in peace, as well as in war, by their fidelity to lofty purposes. Fame may not always spring spontaneous to all worthy men alike, but surely it is not less permanent and real because achieved by men, like Mr. Lovering, in an honest endeavor to promote the wel- fare of their countiy and their fellow men, and this, too, whether they are inspired by a desire for glorj' or by the promptings of their own conscience for the realization of the highest ideals in private and public life. The standards of success may var>' in different ages and with different people, but character and influence, as exemplified by Mr. Lovering among his fellow men, have always been and are still the criteria by which future generations will estimate our lives and usefulness. We are coming more and more to believe that success, espe- cially in public life, should not be measured by what a man does for himself, but rather by what he has done for his community, for society, and for his country'. Judged by these tests, the late Mr. Lovering was not only a most successful man, but an exemplary public servant. He entered upon his career as a servant of the people with their fullest confidence and trust. He continued to maintain the dignity of his position, and throughout his [58] Addrkss or Mr. M\(,riRi:. oi- Nekraska long and valuable service he never lost lliat confidence with whicli he was intrusted by the citizens of his State. The}^ knew him as an honest, honorable, and faithful public servant. When death called him into retirement from public duties and from those who had learned to love and esteem him, the Nation lost one of her most faithful and truest citizens. Tlie obligations that rest upon men in public life can not be discharged according to the same standards that ordinarily prevail among men in private life. Public service demands a broader view, and to those who dis- charge its obligations faithfully we are glad to pay our fullest tribute, but they who enter public life for private gain or to reap the honors thereof without service de- serve the reproach of all good citizens. He who is un- willing to forego the privileges and freedom of action that belong to private citizenship should not seek those places of high public trust w here only servants of the people are eligible. Under our Government the people of the United States are sovereign and we are their servants. To serve this free people is indeed a high honor. But that is not all. Public ofTice is not a private asset, nor should it be conferred as a recognition of personal merit or past serv- ice. It imposes upon those who choose it the highest con- fidence and strictest trust. Mr. LovERiNG was a statesman rather than a politician. He was independent in political action and courageous in personal and public conduct. He was not a time- server. He viewed everj- great question from a broad, statesmanlike attitude, and in his official capacity he never forgot that this was a government of the people and that he was their representative. If we judge him from liis deeds and accomplishments, his rounded life was ready for a close. [59] Address of Mr. Weeks, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: William C. Lovering, who had repre- sented the fourteenth Massachusetts district for nearly 13 years, died suddenlj' February 4, 1910. While he had exceeded in years the average length of life, and had de- termined to retire from public activities, as he had from business life, at the expiration of his present term, and while it was known that he was not in robust health, his death was so sudden that it caused a great shock to his colleagues from Massachusetts and others with whom he had been intimately associated in the House. Mr. Lovering represented quite as well as any man in Congress the combination of the business man and politi- cal officeholder. For more than half a centurj' he had been more or less actively engaged in one of Massachu- setts' great industries, and he and his family have been a considerable element in developing it. This may not be an inopportune time or place to recall tliat Massachu- setts, having been deprived by legislation of her means of keeping her people employed in shipping and kindred matters, turned to manufacturing, and has been a great leader in many such industries. This is especially true of the cotton industry, which had been Mr. Lovering's life work. Massachusetts was the first State to aid legis- latively by appropriations the development of labor-sav- ing machinery for this purpose. In 1786, £200 was appro- priated by the legislature to assist Robert and Alexander Barr in perfecting their machinei-y for carding, roving, and printing cotton. The plant in which this machinery [60] Aoi)Ri:ss oi Mh. WicKKS, oi-- Massachi sirns was installid was owned by Col. Hugli Orr, and was located in the town of East Bridgewater, whicli is a part of tlie congressional district which Mr. Lovering so long and siiccessfulh' represented. It is no small cause for pride to the average Massachusetts man that not only has the Stale aided in the establishment of this great industry, but that her citizens have been leaders in its development. Many of the important labor-saving devices which have greatly added to the wealth of the Nation testify to the inventive genius of Massachusetts men. The Barrs, Slater, and others in the earlier days installed machinery developed along the lines followed by Arkwright in Eng- land, but during the last century the principal inventions used in the United States for advancing this industry have come from Massachusetts or New England men. This is not the place to go into a discussion of this subject in detail, but reference to some of the more important of these inventions will indicate the debt whicli this country owes to these Massachusetts men. The power loom was first successfully operated in 1814 by Lowell and Ather- ton in Wallham, Mass.; the filling frame now in general use was invented by Paul Moody, as was the soapstone roller and the cam motion for regulating its speed, the double speeder, the throttle-tube frame, and dressing machines. The self-acting temple was patented bj'^ Ira Draper and used in this country many years before being introduced in England. The double carding machine, the picking machine, the Northrop looms, and many other similar devices have literally saved hundreds of millions of dollars in carrying on this industry. In 1815 a con- gressional committee reported that there was invested in the cotton industry in the United States !f40,000,000 ; that 100,000 people were employed; that the value of the product was $25,000,000; and that the number of spindles in operation at that time was about 350,000. This was [61] Memorial Addresses : Hei-resentative Lovering before the installation of the power loom. As an indica- tion of the saving made by this one device, it is only necessary to state that 25 years later, in 1840, when the capital invested had increased to !?51,000,000, the value of the product had increased to $46,000,000, the number of spindles had increased to 2,300,000, the number of hands employed had actually decreased from 100,000 to 72,000. Since 1815, at least, Massachusetts has been the leading State in this industrj', and to-day it has in active opera- tion one-third of the spindles in the United States, one- third of the capital invested in this industrv% and the value of the product of its mills is substantially one-third the value of the product in the United States. The num- ber of people employed has increased to more than 400,000, of which number at least 125,000 are employed in Massachusetts mills. As I have suggested, Mr. Loveiting and his family have had an active part in this great development. His father, Willard Lovering, was born in West Holliston, Mass., November 18, 1801, and after receiving the ordinary schooling which a boy was able to obtain at that time he became employed in a cotton mill in Franklin, Mass., growing in this industry' from a modest position until he became the superintendent of other mills, and later, when a comparatively young man, he was appointed the agent of the Whittenton Mills, continuing in the active super- vision of these mills until 1864, when he retired from busi- ness. The business of the Whittenton Mills was organized as a joint-stock company in 1883, the officers of the com- pany being members of the Lovering family, William C. Lovering becoming the superintendent. These mills and others with which his family has been and still is con- nected, including mills in the South, continued to occupy his time during his entire business career. Before com- ing to Congi-ess he had only held one political office, but [62] Addhess ()1 Mh. \Vi:r,Ks, en M AssAcmsinrs was ahvays a stanch party man, and dining his long service here his practical knowledge ol" industrial matters, relating especially to manufactures, has been of material benefit to Congress, as well as to his immediate constitu- ents. Much of the practical legislation relating to the cotton industry adoptid in revisions of the tarilV which have been undertaken since he came to Congress has been the result either of his direct work or has resulted from information furnished by liim. Massacliusetts has long been conspicuous among the States for her steadfastness in retaining tried and trained Representatives, and Mr. Loverixc. was an example of the carrying out of this policy. Verj' few men, even from Massachusetts, have served longer than he, and his dis- trict stood by its Representative, notwitlistanding at- tempts were made from time to time to nominate others in his place, in several instances men of great popular strength. It hardly needs to be said that continuing a Representative in service for many years must mean that he has the quality of industry' ; that he devotes his atten- tion to the personal wants of his constituents; that he must have those personal elements of kindness and cour- tesy which draw men to him and hold their friendship; and that he must have the capacity to grasp and take an active part in the larger matters of legislation whicli affect the interests of his State, as well as of the countiy at large. Those who knew him and sersed with liim will recognize how well William C. Lovering measured up to these requirements. [631 Address of Mr. Gardner, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: Threescore and ten years of life is the span allotted to mankind. If by reason of a heritage of strength and of sobriety of living a man exceed the gen- eral limitation, then when his time comes grief for his departure must be assuaged by knowledge of the fullness of his measure. LovERiNG was a true New Englander. Those of us who are New England born do not readily accord that title except to men who by their lives show that they still possess the sterner virtues. Rugged, inflexible, and true as was the Puritan, still in his day and generation his austerity was little tempered by the gentleness and grace- fulness which sweeten the cup of life. It was reserved for later generations of New Englanders to adorn the scroll on which their predecessors carved so deeply. Splendid in its crowning majestj' is the stern rock- bound coast of Plymouth. Superb in their age, their grace, and their symmetry are the elms which shade its pastures. Nature has combined austerity and grace in the old home of the Pilgrims. That same nature in its kind- liness decreed that Lovering, who here in Washington was the Pilgrim's representative, should in like manner soften the inflexibility' of his purposes by the grace and dignitj' of his demeanor. The end of this latter-day Pil- grim's Progress is but a renewal of the final crossing of [641 Addhkss Of Mii. ('iAiii)Ni;n, (11 MvssAc in suits John Biinyan's hero, Mr. Valiaiit-ror-Truth. Valiant as- sembled his irieiuls and said: '■ J am going to my l"allur, and tliongh willi .yiv al (lilliciilty I am got liilluT, yet now 1 do not npinl me of all tlie trouble I have been at to arrive where 1 am. M\ sword, 1 give to him who shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my courage and skill to him that can get it. My marks and seals I carry with me to be a witness for me, that 1 have fought His battles who now will be my Rewarder." When the day that he must go hence was come, many accom- l>anied him to the river side into which, as he went, he said: "Death, where is thy sting?" and, as he went down deeper, he said " (Jravc, where is thy victory?" So he jiasscd over and the trumpets sounded for him on the other side. Mr. McCall took the chair as Speaker pro tempore. 9.-i6(i.r— 11 o [65] Address of I\Ir. Gillett, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker : Mr. Lovering's career and public services have been admirably detailed already, but I feel that it is due to our long and pleasant association that I should take some part in these memorial exercises, antl I will but touch on some features of his character which par- ticularly impressed me. We were colleagues here for 13 years, our political faith was the same, and we were necessarily cooperating con- stantly, yet I never became personally intimate with him. I doubt if he had many intimate friends. It always seemed to me that he was in nature, as he was in appear- ance and bearing, a patrician, and held himself some- what aloof from the world at large and intended to rep- resent his constituents and retain their confidence and favor, not because of personal popularity and intimacy, but by proving to tliem that he was the man who could best serve their interests and make them respected and influential. He was not at all what is popularly known as a "mixer"; and wliile courteous, there was about him a certain formality and reserve which did not invite familiarity. Men did not vote for him because they called him by his first name, or because they felt he was no bet- ter than they were, but they supported him because they knew he was a superior man and with his superior talents could best represent and promote their interests. He illustrated rather tiie old than the new type of Repre- sentative, a man selected for liis eminent ability, a man [66] Address of Mk. (Iii.i.ett, of Massachi'Setts rather above than of his constituents. Theoretically, that should be the result of representative as distinguished from democratic government. The theory of representative government is that the people in caucus select some men wiser than tiie average to represent them in convention, and this convention se- lects some man wiser than their average for ofiice, and thus the oiliceholder, by repeated selection, should be of ability far above the average, and the ortices should be fdled by the best men. That this is always the result the most ardent advocate of the system would hardly main- tain. The theory of democracy, on the other hand, is that the people directly select their officials, with the likeli- hood that their representative will exactly reflect their passions, prejudices, and interests, and as a result he will be more nearly the average man of the community. This is not the occasion to discuss tlie comparative mer- its of the two systems, but Mr. Lovering was a conspicuous instance of the former, and though not an embodiment of the average feelings of his constituents, yet he was always a faithful and satisfactory upholder of their interests, but mindful also of the interests of the country at large. He essayed to be a leader and not a follower of those he represented — considered it his duly not simply to study the momentaiy waves of public opinion and waver with them, but to determine what was for tiie permanent wel- fare of his constituents and of the Nation and follow that and endeavor to lead them in the same path. He was not given to self-advertising; he did not curiy newspaper favor and notoriety; but in his tiioughlful, intelligent way he labored for the public good, and he won his reward in the respect of all who knew him. He did not strive for popularity I)y frantic denunciation of everj' temporary bog>- or by fervent worship of every temporary idol, but he carried his head above the clouds [67] Memorial Addresses: Representative Loverinc. of temporary i)assioii and prejudice, and tried to look broadly into the future, to discover what was stable and permanent, and regulate his conduct by that, and not by the whim of the hour. He illustrated the value of the old adage, "Know something of everything and everything of something," and by his special knowledge along an im- portant line of industrial life made himself an authority, and most useful and influential to Congress, as well as to his constituents. His service and position here was of great value both to our State and to the Nation. [68] Address of Mk. Roberts, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: Mr. Loverin(; was oiu- of the kindest gen- tlemen with whom I have come into contact in my years of service in the House. He was one who, never speak- ing ill of another, would seek out that which was good in a man and enlarge upon that side of the individual's character. Possessing these sterling characteristics, it is no wonder that he was chosen repeatedly to represent in this legislative hody the district in whose service he was at the time of his death. Trained in husiness, he brought to his service in tiiis House certain qualifications that made him as unusual as a statesman as his high personal wortli and ideals made him unusual as a man. In his deatli the Nation and the State of Massachusetts lose a man whose 13 years of service had made for him a promi- nent place in the important deliberations of both political divisions, and the business world loses one who stood for integrity at all times and for the advancement of the particular art with which he was atliliated. Born in Rhode island, of New England parentage, Mr. LovERiNG was a New Englander of the oldest and best type, and throughout his life remained true to those pre- cepts which have made New England and its people known all over the English-speaking world. Coming to Massachusetts when very young, and brought into inti- mate relations with the great manufacturing State through the business interests of his father and his family, he soon became so closely identified witli that State that we who are left feel that we are justified as mourning him as a true Massachusetts type of public man. [69] Memorial Addresses : Representative Loveking Educated in the public schools of his State, he culti- vated a love of the Government under which he lived that remained with him and was manifested at the out- break of the Civil War by a response to the call for troops. Ill health, however, prevented him from serving throughout the contest. Shortly after the close of the war, with the return of his health, which had for a time deserted him, he entered upon his business career, which brought him success in a great measure, and which was continued even while he was serving the State and Nation through membership in this House. Not only was his activity felt in his manage- ment of his successful business enterprises, but he was actively interested in many private pursuits of a quasi public nature, and had ever the best interest of the city of his home at heart. In his early youth he became inter- ested in church and Sunday school work, and this interest, though necessarily curtailed in his later years, was never extinguislied. A short service in the State legislature preceded his advance to membership in the National House, and in the coui'se of that service and the service in which we knew him his firmness of character and high sense of public integrity were developed, and witli them came a broadness on all public questions with which, if we did not agree in all its details, we could not but admire as showing the character of the man. And with this broadening on public questions there was conibined a closeness to his constituency which does not always follow. From the opening of his congressional career he was first of all faithful, to a remarkable degree, to the calls and desires of those to whom he owed his position; and to this fact, perhaps, as much as to any other one feature of his life and work, he owed that great popularity with the rank and file which insured his regular return to his position as their Representative. [70] Akdukss oi" Mh. I^ohi-hts, (u Massm msKiis Of iill tlie things llial were accomplislu-d hy Mr. Lovkh- INO in the course of his service in flic Ihiust. he was hap- piest when considering that which he was alile to do for the Ixnefit of the Life-Saving Service and tlie men em- ployed under it. Inasnuich as the (hstrict which he rep- resented contained many miles of seacoast, and some of it the worst coast on the Atlantic seaboard, he was in a position to become especially familiar with the work done by this service, and made a strong figiit for Ixlter conditions, in wliich he was happily successful. His work during the 13 years of membership in the National House was marked by much that was laud;d)le and valu- able; but to this particular piece of legislation it was his special pride to refer. Whenever one approaches the task of naming to those who are left behind and those who are to come the vir- tues and characteristics of one who has departed, there is always the danger of an overi'ating of the good and the asserting of facts which will not bear the light of time's continued rays. In the case of our departed colleague, how ever, the danger is lessened, if not actually removed, by the character of the man. Personally, he was all that the most rigid code could require. Publicly, he was a devoted servant of the people and one to whom the pub- lic trust was a sacred thing. Throughout all he was a gentleman, in the truest meaning of th.e word, and the State of Massachusetts has lost one whose memoi-y will ever be revered, while we who are to carry on his woik have lost an associate whose kindness and gentleness we shall long remember. ADJOIRNMENT. At 1 o'clock and 50 minutes p. m., in pursuance of the resolutions heretofore adopted, the House adjourned until IVIonday at 12 o'clock noon. [71] Proceedings in the Senate FeKRI ARY 4, 1910. A message from the House of Representatives by W. J. Browning, its Chief Clerk, eoinnuinieated to the Senate the intelligence of the death of Hon. Wii.mam C. Loveri.ng, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts, and transmitted resolutions of the House thereon. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had appointed Mr. McCall, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Greene, Mr. Washburn, Mr. Keliher, Mr. Peters, Mr. Bou- tell, Mr. Foster of Vermont, Mr. McCreary, Mr. Bartlett of Georgia. Mr. Kendall, Mr. Lee, Mr. Heniy \V. Palmer, Mr. Calderhead, and Mr. Sims as members of the conunittee on the part of the House to attend the funei'al. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate resolutions of the House of Representatives, which will be read. The Secretaiy read the resolutions, as follows: Resolved, That tlie House lias heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. William C. Lovering, a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That a committee of 15 Members of the House, with such Members of the Senate as may be joined, be appointed to attend the funeral. Resolved. That the Sergeant at Arms of the House be authorized and directed to take such steps as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of these resolutions, and that the necessary expenses in connection therewith be paid out of the contingent fund of tlie House. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate tliese resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. [73] Memorial Addresses: Representative Loverin<, Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, I send to the desk the follow- ing resolutions and ask for their adoption. The Vice President. The Senator from Massachusetts submits resolutions, which will be read. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep sensibility the announcement of the death of Hon. William C. Lovering, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That a committee of five Senators be appointed by the Vice President to join a committee appointed on the part of the House of Representatives to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Lovering, at Taunton, Mass. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives and to the family of the deceased. The Vice President. The question is on agreeing to the resolutions submitted by the Senator from Massachusetts. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. The Vice President appointed as the committee on the part of the Senate under the second resolution Mr. Lodge, Mr. Crane, Mr. Wetmorc, Mr. Bailey, and Mr. Ncwlands. Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, I move, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 3 o'clock and 32 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Saturday, February 5, 1910, at 12 o'clock meridian. February 22, 1911. Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, 1 desire to give notice that on Satiu-day, the 25th, at 5 o'clock, 1 shall ask the Senate to consider resolutions commemorative of the life and character of Hon. William C. Lovering and Hon. Charles [74] Pn()( i:i:i)iN(;s in i hi; Si:n\ii; Q. Tinill, late Members ot tlic House ol Hcprcsentalives from Massachusetts. Saturbay, Fchriiari] )>'), 1011. The Chaplain. Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce. D. D.. offered the following prayer: O God, our help in ages past, our hope for years to come, we rejoice that we, Thy cliildren, though we seem but creatures of a day, yet share Thine eternity. Be- cause Thou livest, we live; and because Thy years have no end. therefore are we without beginning of days or end of life. As we this day commemorate those who have labored with us for the common good, deepen in us, we beseech Thee, the assurance of Thy grace, and quicken in us the hope of life eternal. Grant, we implore Thee, that neither life nor death may separate us from Thee, in whom we live, move, and have our being. And so may God, our Father, who hath loved us and hath given us eternal comfort and good hope through grace, comfort our hearts and establish them in every good work and word. Amen. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yes- terday's proceedings when, on request of Mr. Gallinger and by unanimous consent, the further reading was dis- pensed with and the Journal was approved. Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, 1 ask the Chair to lay before the Senate the resolutions of the House of Representatives on the death of Hon. William C. Lovering, late a Repre- sentative from the State of Massachusetts. The Vice President. The resolutions will be read. The Secretarv read the resolutions, as follows: [75] Memorial Addresses: Representative Loxering In the House of Representatives, June 5, 1910. Resolved, That the House of Representatives has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. William C. Lovering, late a Member of this House from the State of Massachusetts, which occurred in this city on February 4, 1910. Resolved, That the business of the House is now suspended tlial opportunity may be given to pay tribute to his memory. Resolved, That as a particular marli of respect to the deceased and in recognition of his distinguished public service the House, at the conclusion of the memorial exercises of this day, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, I offer the resolutions which I send to the desk, and I ask for their adoption. The resolutions were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows: Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow on account of the death of the Hon. William C. Lovf.hing, late a Member of the House of Representatives from the State of Massa- chusetts. Resolved, That the business of the Senate be now suspended in order that fitting tributes may be paid his high character and distinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a coi)y of these resolutions to the House of Representatives and to the family of the deceased. [76] MEMOHIAL ADDUP:SSES Addkkss <)1 Mk. Lodce, of Massachusetts Mr. President: Practically all of Mr. Loverinc.'s long life was spent within the district which he so well repre- sented for almost 13 years. His parents moved to Taun- ton in 1837, and here he made his home. His delicate healtii made it inipossihle for him to enter college, hut he stu