Qass F~ ^ /^ Book ' JPZLIJ:> ^^tx^)^.^^-.^^V t:^iC ^%t;^>^^^<-^^ .At^f ^^^'^^^^■^iJijTf^tJTt^JkMfYJi^--^ ■^•^JVS''K* V>5?? OF Pope and Stevens Counties, MINNESOTA, Containing Biograpliical Sketclies of Hundreds of Prominent Old Settlers and Representative Citizens, „witli a Review of their Life Work, their Identity isrith the Development of this Region; Reminiscences of Personal History and Pioneer Life, together with Portraits of Prominent Citizens. History of Minnesota, Embracing an Account of Early Explorations, Organization, a Review of the Political History, and a Concise History of the Indian Outbreak of 1862. Presidents of the United States, Embracing Biographical Sketches and a Full Page Portrait of Each. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO: A.LDEN, Ogle c*t Com r- an v. 1 «s«. " Biography is the only true Jiistory. — E.m ERSON. COPVKIGHT, i88S, BV OCCIDEXTAL PUBLISHING CO. Chicago. III. PRINTED AND BOL'XD BV PONOHUE & HENNEBERR\% CHICAGO. C)QNTKNTS Presidents of the United States. PAGE. George Washington 9 John Adams 14 Thomas Ji-lTcrson 20 James JIadisoii 26 James Monroe 32 John Quincy Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin Van Buren 52 Wm. Henry Harrison 56 John Tyler 64 James K. Polk 64 I'AOE. Zachary Taylor 68 Millard Fillmore 72 Franklin Pierce 76 James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln 84 Andrew Johnson 93 U. S. Grant 96 Rutherford B. Hayes 102 James A. Garfield 109 Chester A. Arthur 113 Grover Cleveland 117 History of Minnesota. CHAPTER I. Location, ToroGKAriiY, Ac 123 Location 123 Resources 123 Topography 123 Railroads 124 Population Statistics 124 CHAPTER IL HisToKY FUOM 1660 TO 1888 125 Early F^\plorations 125 During the Seventeenth Century 126 I )uring the Kighteentli Century 128 During the Nineteentli Century 129 Organization as a Territory 131 Organization as a State 131 Chronological Events 131 CHAPTER in. The Indian Massacke 133 Indian Tribes 133 Bloodshed 135 Battles 138 Surrender of Indians 138 Execution of Thirty eight Indians 139 CHAPTER IV. TEURITOIilAI, ANU StATE OKKICEUS 140 CHAPTER V. REI'UESENTATrOX IS CoNGUESS AND CUEATION OF CoiNTIES 143 Senators 143 Representatives 143 Creation of Counties 144 TARLF. OF COXTEXTS. Pope County.— Descriptive and Historical PAGE. Descriptive 149 Area 149 Soil, Streams, etc 150 Early Settlement . . 151 Developmeut and Progress 151 Grasshoppers 151 Orsauiz-alion 152 PAGE. First OfTicers 153 Location of County Seat 153 Railroad Matters 1.53 List of County Otticers 153 County Commissioners 154 Villages of Pope County 154 Biographical. PAGE. Alexander, .Mexander 207 Allen, Dr. W. C 249 Amundson, Peter 313 Anderson, Swen (Langhei). . . . 192 Anderson, Andrew "W 310 Anderson, Andrew 282 Anderson, Andrew P 326 Anderson, August 341 Anderson, Swan (Nora) 344 Anderson, Engebret 346 Anderson, Daniel 350 Andrew, William 230 Aslakson, Haldor 206 Avok, Andrew 303 Bartke, Daniel A 357 Barsness, Erik N 168 Barsness, Schak L ... 223 Barsness, Su.san 235 Barsness, Hon. O. N 235 Barsness, Peter E 265 Barsness, Nels N 352 Baukol, M. H 328 Barkuloo, Rev. C. T 332 Beacb, Walter L 219 Beach, Lewis 219 Benterud, Thurston A 232 Benson, Ilalvor 246 Benson, Arne 311 Berg, M. M 314 Bishop, Alvin J 215 Bjork, Jlrs. Emma 304 Blair, James 225 Blair, John C 260 Booth, Samuel 273 Brown, George 161 PAGE. Brown, George W 165 Brevig, Knute L 223 Brevig, Lars 223 Brevig, A. L 250 Brevig. C. L 331 Brainard, Wm. D 818 Butler, Henry 177 Car;on, William J 171 Carpenter, Henry C 172 Callaghan, Thomas 183 Cantleberry , Levi B 188 Carrington, Arthur 201 Calmeyer, Fred 204 Carlson, Ellert 226 Carlson, Lewis 290 Campbell, John 355 Christilaw, Mathew 173 Christilaw, William 173 Churchill, Charles W 243 Councilman, Clark P 162 Cook, James 184 Cook, Joseph 317 Cooke, Abraham 22$) Cooley , Jphn 245 Cobui-n, George B 193 Cox, Hon. Edwin 316 Craig, Robert 336 Danforth, Dudley D 190 Dauforth, B. F 190 Davidson, Ole 228 Davidson, Thomas D 260 Dyrstad, Ole 204 Eddy, Frank M 271 Elsey, Rev. E. G 267 i PAGE. Ellertson, Charles 226 Emerson, Andrew 253 Emmerson, Jared 270 Emmerson, William C 2S2 Emmer.son, John 350 Englund, Axel G 188 Engebretson, Peter 265 Engebretson, Hans 293 Engebretson, Ole 337 Erickson, Peter 227 Erickson, Ole 252 Erickson, Andrew 305 Erickson, Gustaf 307 Eslby, H. C 327 Estenson, John O 199 Falkner, George 175 Ferree, Joel 243 Femrite, Severt 329 Fish, Everett W 288 Fleming, William R 182 Floten, John A.. 183 Fovvld.s, George 174 Fowlds, James 180 Fowlds, John 180 Foss, E. 232 Frederick, John W 258 Frederick, Samuel W 302 Frederick, Charles 323 Frederick, George 354 Gallinger, James N 203 Gilbert. Samuel E . . . . .' 209 Gilbertson, Ole 223 Gorden . Jlrs. JIaren 322 Grant, Daniel L 186 Tahle of contk.vts. \' PAGE. Grant, David W 185 Grafe. lltimiin A 178 (iiindcrson, Tharaltl KIG Oundeison, Kief 231 Ilaldorson, Aslak 306 llalvorson. Tlioiii 212 Hiilvorson, Mrs. Carrie 299 Ilalverson, Ilalvcr 331 Hanson, Johan E 2L'9 Hanson, Magnus 288 Hansen, Hans N 304 Haugen, ICnute 247 Hagen, Tver 249 Hall, Mrs. Maria 354 Helland, Michael E 190 Heglaud, Louis L 324 Higgins, M. W 276 Hippc, Iver 1 214 Hook, J. Q 230 Holen, OleH 238 Hogan, Patrick 275 Hogan, Joseph 298 Hogenson, Anton 280 HoTly. \\.\i 291 Homcstad. Edward. 295 Hoffman, Peter 315 Hulchins, .Joseph C 164 Hutcliiiis, Nelson 217 Huset, C 286 Hume, Thomas 202 Ingebriglsen, Lars 303 Irgens, Ole 301 Jacobson, Andrew 212 Jamison, James K 239 JefTers, Jolin 184 Johnshoy. Hans 160 Johnson, Ole J 167 John.son, John 210 Johnson, Henrj' 227 Johnson, John E 228 Johnson, Einar 247 Johnson, Peter W 261 Johnson, Torgus 262 Johnson, Nicolia 311 Jolinson, Mrs. Maria 340 Johnson, Erick 348 Jolinslon, Robert E 170 Jones, Patrick 199 Jorgenson, Halver 314 Judkins,, A. M., Jr 345 J udkins, Alanson J 352 Kamrud, Iver O 325 Keeuey, Alonzo M 221 PAGE. Kee, Charles T 251 Kelly. Oscar A 284 Kitlelson, Ole 170 K jos, Andrew 255 Knudson, E. E 330 Koch, Albert 335 Koefod, Rev. M 312 Koefod, Eilert 235 Latlure, P ... 305 Larson, Gustaf 169 Larson, Hans '. 321 Larson, Tory 334 Larson, John 349 Lageson, Hans A . . . . 347 Lee, Ole B 171 Lewis, George H 264 Leyde, A. E 333 Leyde, Frederick 340 Lebeck, David Olson 349 Lien, Tosten C 214 Lien, E. 335 Lieu, Nels M 3,'53 Linquist, Erick 278 Lilienthal, II. Von 303 Lohrc, Ole 181 Lnndring, Andrew L S41 Maynard, Mrs. Luthera II 248 Maynard, Cyrus W 248 McNutt, Thomas G 188 McNull, John 188 McAllister, George E 348 McCann, Arthur . ... 278 McKinzie, K 191 Mikkelson. Bergcr 270 Morten.son, C 277 Morlenson, Ole 337 Monson, Malhias 191 Nelson, Ole 197 Newgord. Jens A 326 Nilson, Engebret 196 Nilson, Nels 330 Norlin, John 196 Oleson, Albert G 179 Olson, Olaus 202 Olson, Haagen 242 Olson, Detrick 2.50 Olson, Samuel 2.57 Olson, Engebret 317 Olson, Gunder 339 Omen, Erick 241 Osterberg, August 215 Oswald, Charles A 295 Ovcrson, Alek 263 PAGE. Paulson, Hans 2.55 Peacock, John 186 Peacock, Joseph 263 Peacock, Koberl 292 Peck, Aaron W .... 300 Pederson, Martin 179 Peterson, Carl L 201 Peterson, Bent 287 Peterson. Sven 294 Peterson, Thomas 296 Peterson, Simon N 306 Peterson, Ole 321 Peterson, Peter 338 Peterson, Jlieliael 261 Perkins, William 238 Pennie, Peter 266 Pennie, Daniel 323 Rathburn. Dorr 267 Reeves, Charles P 197 Reeves, Abel D 258 Reque, Rev. P 303 Rigg, Ole 165 Riley, Michael 334 Rotto. John J 329 Ronning. Iver O 348 Ronnie, Sever O 346 Roe, Peter O 381 Roe, K. O 356 Rue, Michael M 318 Rud.Thore 287 Runquist Jacob 299 Ruddock, Rev. E.N 351 Sandvig, Henry Johnson 227 Sandvig, Ole J 310 Schey, Andrew 213 Schwieger, Thomas 308 Shook, Judge Norman 160 Shaw, Boss 195 Signalness, Olavies 276 Signalncss, Berlhin R 343 Signalness, Rasmus 343 Silver, Ilartwell 328 Skinner, Dr. J. F 219 Skogen, Erick E 351 Smith, Clark S 252 Smith, J. Dickson 297 Snetting, John 836 Solhaug, Jens 236 Strong, Victor E 200 Stephenson, David 220 Stenson. Henry 238 Stebbins, Lavoisure 256 Stewart, George W 368 Stinson, William J 269 TABLE OF COXTEA'TS. PAGE. Stalker, James E 309 Stalker, John C 355 Stoen, Audreas 318 Stcen.OIeL 839 Stocklaiul, Die J 350 Squire, Jlrs. Maria A 244 S(iuire, Charles C 244 Suckstorff, Hans ... 194 Sweeney, John 251 Swenson, Simon 273 Syverson, Admun 242 Taplin, George F 187 Taylor, Eben 285 Teigen, Iver J 220 Tharaldsen, Gundcr 166 Thompson, Iver 316 Thompson, Thomas E 192 Thompson, Erick E 281 Thompson, Gunnuf 307 Thacker. Hon. G. W Thorson, Reier Thorson, Theodore. . . Thorson, Tory Trtronsrvn, Thorn Tobey, N. F Tobey, John Toftner, Lar> () . . .-. Townsend, Joseph. . . Troen, Benjiimin Tracv, M. II ».\GE. 208 . 241 . 245 . 327 . 298 . 291 . 349 . 343 . 216 . 183 321 Urnas, NelsH 210 Urnes, Ole N 294 Von Lilienthal, II 363 Vralson, Knute 301 Warren, Dr. Q. C 343 Warburton, Thomas 292 AVamsley, James 280 P.\GE. Ward, Martin 254 West, Enoch E 174 Webster, E. M 331 Webster, L. D ...,.., 344 Whittemore.IIon. J. G 159 Whittemore, Capt. W. K 274 Wheeler, George R 205 Wi son, Ole K 301 Winslow, John S 181 Winslow. Geo. P 225 Wollan, Hon. M. A 163 Wollan, Nels B 176 AVollan, Peter B 240 Wollan, Andrew B 272 Wollan, Casper T 279 Wollan, B. C 289 Wollan, Ernst 296 Wollan, BenjamiuK 312 Wolfe, Daniel C 337 Stevens County.— Descrif'tive and Historical. PAGE. Location 371 Topography and Area 371 Stevens County as First Establi.slied 372 Early Travel 372 During the Indian Outbreak 372 Early Settlement and Progress 373 Grassliopper Days 373 Pioneers 374 PAGE. Fir.«t Events 874 Organization of the Count}- 376 First County Ollieers 376 Lisi of Countj' Commissioners 376 List of County Officers 377 Railway Facilities 377 Villages of Stevens Countv 378 BIOGRAPHICAL. P.\[ 433 Dickinson, Munford 488 Dresser, Horace . 1 448 Drovdall, E. P MO Duley, Dr. S. II 4.jl Dyer, Peter h\\ Eddy, Homer li 4.54 Eddy, Uichard 4.54 Eddy. John W .512 Ekman, John H ,502 Ellsworth, H. H 474 Erickson, August 423 EricksoD, Arne 466 Erickson, John .50!) Erickson, Gilbert 515 Etteswold, M. H 402 Eystad, Ole R .. 426 Pels, Henry 482 Finnegan, Michael P 392 Pitzgerald, ^lichael 519 Flahorly, Stephen A , 387 Prank, Hans 514 Gates, Dr C. L 441 Gates, Lattimer B 441 Gaarder, Christian 442 Gabriel, Hans H 490 Gabriel, John 490 Giltinan, George M 401 Gillespie, John 494 PAGE. Good. Hon. John D 484 Griswol.l. Col. \V. W 434 Grillith, Patrick 489 Grassnian, Charles 472 Hanson, Ole C 457 Hadden, John 524 Hancock, Prank .V 453 Hancock, Johu'C 403 Harstad, Ed. E 490 Hadler, John 515 Hall, Hon, Kollin J 390 Hall, Dudley 391 Helgeson, Knute C 382 Heuer, Henry 524 Heath, Samuel D 516 Henrichs, Jacob 494 Heunessy, Dennis .506 Heller, Fred. W 409 inland, William H 468 Hitchen, Santiago 498 Hilchen. James 498 House, John 437 Holmes, Samuel 444 Hollmann, Rev. Charles 446 Hollmann, E. H 481 Holton, John R 451 Ilolton, David 451 Horton, William T 435 Hope. John 390 Hodgman. Henry 462 Hiisevold, K. J 497 Hulburd, Dr. L. II 511 Hull, Clarence W 894 Huntley, William W 400 Huntley. Dennis 413 Hunter, John 419 Hvile.JohnG 511 Isherwood, Henry 491 Johnson, Janes A 411 .lohnson, Henry 447 Johnson, Hans E 483 Jones, Edwin J 443 Judd, Johns 472 Judson, Henry S 414 Keim, John 453 Kline, Christian. . , . 417 Kopetzke, John 426 Larson, Samuel 395 Larson, Peter G 398 Larson, Hans 518 Lee, Edwin 461 Lee, Abraham 513 Leonard, Daniel 531 r.vcE. Leaman, Charles 412 Linsley, D. G 439 Linstail, Tlieodore 486 Ling, Ingel 518 Ligiit, C. K 523 Lofthus, Ole 4S8 Mangen, John 523 Maginnis, Charles I* 381 Maginnis, John 407 Mackenzie, A. C 4:2 Mackenzie, Willium D 417 Mackenzie, Peter C 450 Macintosh, L. R 475 Matteson, George ■. 512 Mader, Peter 519 Maughan, George W 468 Marty. Franz 405 McArlhur. R. B 499 McCannoy, Thomas 483 McDonald, James 485 McR..berts, Edward 396 Milan, James 480 Milan, Martin 480 Moore, Henry D 480 Jloore, Thomas J 521 Munro, George H 416 Munro, William 442 ilurphy, Stephen C 409 Murphy, Dennis 467 Murphy, Timothy ... 474 Newton, George B 429 Newton, Hugh 429 Newell, Frank E 490 Ncudick. Gu.-t 457 Nilson, N. A 494 Nobel, LarsG 384 OBryan, John C 473 Olson, Charles 393 Olson, Captain, S. B 436 Olson, Clemont 450 O'Reilly, James 520 Pepper, Charles A 418 Perkins, L. D 503 Peck, Alfred C 485 Phelps, Carrington 403 Pierce, Loren E 487 Poison, .lohn W. AV 4.59 Poison, Benjamin 4.59 Pushor, L. H 486 Pusher, Joseph W 505 Rankin , David 455 Ralhbun, Perry 505 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Rasrausson, Lars ... .WT Randall, E. W 508 Rentz, Fred J 517 Richardson. Hon. K. M 384 Riordan, William 458 Ringrose, Mark 475 Ringrose, William 476 Semans, Orvill .504 Schmid, .Joseph 395 Smith. Samuel B 405 Smith, Frank G 422 Smith, Burton J 517 Solseth, Erick E 421 Spain, Patrick 463 Spurr, N. R 423 Stone, Hon. H. W 398 Stone, A. A 487 Stanton, Lewis H 477 PACiE. Stevens, Col. R. C 495 Stebbins, S. J 502 Sutherland, Dr. D. R 424 Thorp, George C 400 Thompson, Austin 425 Thorstad, P. 476 Thomasson, Thomas 525 Tollifson, Iver T 410 ToT.-aerG. C 449 Trantow, Adolph 523 Trost, Jacob 420 Valentine, Guy 456 Wahldieck, Frank 466 Ware, William P 452 Walker, Joseph 440 Watson, Elijah P 500 Watson, John 500 PAtiK Wells, Hon. H. H 393 Wells, Stuart B 495 Wellington, Leland . . . 432 Wheelock. A. W 509 Wheaton, D. T 521 Whiteley , Hugh 454 Williams, Albert B 885 Wintermute, Charles 388 Wilcox, Frank 415 Wilcox, William 415 Wolflf, Henry B 408 Wunsch, William 469 Young, Archie 383 Zahl, Frank A... 464 Zahl, Herman 530 Zimmerman, Christian 479 Illustrations. P.VGE. Adams, John 15 Adams, John Quincy 39 Arthur, Chester A 112 Buchanan, James 81 Cleveland, Grover 116 Fillmore, Millard 73 Garfield, James A 108 Gram, U. S 97 PAOE. ! Harrison, Wm. 11 57 Hayes, Rutherford B 103 Jackson, Andrew 46 Jefferson, Thomas 21 Johnson, Andrew 92 Lincoln, Abraham. 85 Madison, James 27 Monroe, James 33 PAOE. Pierce, Franklin 77 Polk, James K 65 Taylor, Zachary 09 Tyler, .John 61 Van Buren, Martin 53 Washington, George 8 I OEOJiCE WASHINGTON. EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of liis Country" and its first President, 1789- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland Count 3', Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Sanuicl, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, ot whom tlie youngest flied in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, bc3'ond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his i)aternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Frincipio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealtiiy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colon}'. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carlhagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the hitter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of liis mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Grcenway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRESIDiiXrS UF THE UNITED STATES. Three years were passed by 3'oung Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 1 75 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training wiih a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barb^does. They returned early in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and b\' the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned bv Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that 3-ear a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory' claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Boeuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back bv a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great ''French and Indian war,'' which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the c(jm- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Wasiiington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted onl}- by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local GEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated b}' act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia Septembers, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, Mav 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as-" Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York : " A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible When I took command of the army, I abhorred the idea of independence ; but 1 am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 17S3, in which England acknowledged the independence of each o( the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- I cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose of traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom they regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring- spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newl}^ con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name oi the legislative department ; it still remained " the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, under the great and expressive motto, "£ Pluribtis U)min." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled " strict constructionists" and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinev- were regarded as the chief leaders, respect ively, of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names from that day to this. Washington was re gardedas holding a neutral [xisition between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed b}' the party headed b}' Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ivel}' leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. AncHher bill was soon passed in pui"- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap- portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June I of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he 3ielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. GEORGE WASHINGTON. His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over §56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. Tiie progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of libcrtv within their own limits, but to their svmpathizing allies in all climes and countries. Ol the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount V^ernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Licutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixtv-eighth year of his age. The whole countr}^ was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men," His remains were deposited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. It PRESlDEiVTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ffe*© *OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1 80 1, was born in the present town of Oiiincy, then a portion of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa-j tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the stormy world at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a tiaic- he studied over the question whether he should take to the law, to politics orihe army. He wrote a remarkable letter to a friend, making prophecies concerning the future greatness of this countrv which have since been more than fulfilled. For two 3'ears he taught school and studied law, wasting no odd moments, and at the early age of twenty-two years he opened a law office in his native town. His inherited powers of mind and untiring devotion to his profession caused him to rise rapidly in public esteem. In October, 1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Abigail Smith, daughter of a clergy- man at Weymouth and a lad}' of rare per- sonal and intellectual endowments, who afterward contributed much to her hus- band's celebrity. Soon the oppression of the British in America reached its climax. The Boston merchants employed an attorney by the name of James Otis to ai-gue the legality of oppressive tax law before the Superior Court. Adams heard the argument, and afterward wrote to a friend concerning the ability displayed, as follows : " Otis was a fiame of fire. With a promptitude of classical allusion, a depth of research, a rapid summary of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities and a JOHN ADAAfS. '7 prophetic glance into futurity, he hurried away all before him. American independence was then and there born. Every man of an immensely crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take up arms." Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to be read before the literarj' club of his town, upon the state of affairs, which was so able as to attract public attention. It was pub- lished in American journals, republished in England, and was pronounced by the friends of the colonists there as " one of the very best productions ever seen from North America." The memorable Stamp Act was now issued, and Adams entered with all the ardor of his soul into political life in order to resist it. He drew up a series of reso- lutions remonstrating against the act, which were adopted at a public meeting of the citizens of Braintree, and which were sub- sequently ado[)ted, word for word, by more than forty towns in the State. Popular conimotLiin prevented the landing of the Stamp Act papers, anti the English author- ities then closed the courts. The town of Boston therefore ap[)ointed Jeremy Grid- ley, James Otis and John Adams to argue a petition before the Governor and council for the re-opening of the courts; and while the two first mentioned attorneys based their argument upon the distress caused to the people by the measure, Adams boldly claimed that the Stamp Act was a violation both of the English Constitution and the charter of the Provinces. It is said that this was the first direct denial of the un- limited right of Parliament over the colo- nies. Soon after this the Stamp Act was repealed. Directly Mr. Adams was employed to defend Ansell Nickerson, who had killed an Englishman in the act of impressing him (Nickerson) into the King's service, and his client was acquitted, the court thus estab- lishing the principle that the infamous royal prerogative of impressment could have no existence in the colonial code. But in 1770 Messrs. Adams and Josiah Quincy defended a party of British soldiers who had been arrested for murder when they had been only obeying Governmental orders ; and when reproached for thus ap- parently deserting the cause of popular liberty, Mr. Adams replied that he would a thousandfold rather live under the domina- tion of the worst of England's kings than under that of a lawless mob. Next, after serving a term as a member of the Colonial Legislature from Boston, Mr. Adams, find- ing his health affected by too great labor, retired to his native home at Braintree. The year 1774 soon arrived, with its fa- mous Boston '• Tea Party," the first open act of rebellion. Adams was sent to the Congress at Philadelphia; and when the Attorney-General announced that Great Britain had " determined on her S3'stem, and that her power to execute it was irre- sistible," Adams replied : " I know that Great Britain has determined on her sys- tem, and that very determination deter- mines me on mine. You know that I have been constant in my opposition to her measures. The die is now cast. I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, with my country, is my unalterable determination." The rumor beginning to prevail at Philadelphia that the Congress had independence in view, Adams foresaw that it was too soon to declare it openly. He advised every one to remain quiet in that respect; and as soon as it became ap- parent that he himself was for independ- ence, he was advised to hide himself, which he did. The next year the great Revolutionary war opened in earnest, and Mrs. Adams, residing near Buston, kept her husband ad- vised by letter of all the events transi)iring in her vicinity. Ihe battle of Bunker Hill I8 •I'RESI DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. came on. Congress had to do something immediately. The first thing was to choose a commander-in-chief for the — we can't say " army " — the fighting men of the colonies. The New England delegation was almost unanimous in favor of appoint- ing General Ward, then at the head of the Massachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urged the appointment of George Washington, then almost unknown outside of his own State. He was appointed without oppo- sition. Mr. Adams offered the resolution, which was adopted, annulling all the rova! authority in the colonies. Having thus prepared the way, a few weeks later, viz., June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, who a few months before had declared that the British Government would aban- don its oppressive measures, now offered the memorable resolution, seconded by Adams, " that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent." Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston were then appointed a commit- tee to draught a declaration of independ- ence. Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adams to draw up the bold document, but the latter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to perform that responsible task. The Declaration drawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremost defender on the floor of Congress. It was signed by all the fifty-five members present, and the ne.xt day Mr. Adams wrote to his wife how great a deed was done, and how proud he was of it. Mr. Adams continued to be the leading man of Congress, and the leading advocate of American inde- pendence. Above all other Americans, he was considered by every one the prin- cipal shining mark for British vengeance. Thus circumstanced, he was appointed to the most dangerous task of crossing the ocean in winter, exposed to capture b}- the British, who knew of his mission, which was to visit Paris and solicit the co-opera- tion of the French. Besides, to take him- self away from the country of which he was the most prominent defender, at that critical time, was an act of the greatest self- sacrifice. Sure enough, while crossing the sea, he had two very narrow escapes from capture ; and the transit was otherwise a storm}- and eventful one. During th' summer of 1779 he returned home, but was immediately dispatched back to France, to be in readiness there to negotiate terms of peace and commerce with Great Britain as soon as the latter power was ready for such business. But as Dr. Franklin was more [jopular than heat the court of France, Mr. Adams repaired to Holland, where he was far more successful as a diplomatist. The treaty of peace between the United States and England was finallv signed at Paris, Januar}' 21, 1783; and the re-action from so great excitement as Mr. Adams had so long been experiencing threw him into a dangerous fever. Before he fully re- covered he was in London, whence he was dispatched again to Amsterdam to negoti- ate another loan. Compliance with this order undermined his physical constitution for life. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoy to the court of St. James, to meet face to face the very king who had regarded him as an arch traitor ! Accordingly he re- paired thither, where he did actually meet and converse with George III.! After a residence there for about three years, he obtained permission to return to America. While in London he wrote and published an able work, in three volumes, entitled: " A Defense of the American Constitution." The Articles of Confederation proving inefficient, as Adams had pro[>hesied, a carefully draughted Constitution was adopted in 1789, when George Washington was elected President of the new nation, and Adams Vice-President. Congress met for a time in New York, but was removed to Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable ■yOf/JV ADAMS. 19 buildings should be erected at the new capital in the District of Columbia. Mr. Adams then moved his family to Phila- delphia. Toward the close of his term of office the French Revolution culminated, when Adams and Washington rather sympathized with England, and Jefferson with France. The Presidential election of 1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams the first place by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffer- son the second place. Mr. Adams's administration was consci- entious, patriotic and able. The periorl was a turbulent one, and even an archangel could not have reconciled the hostile par- ties. Partisanism with reference to Eng- land and France was bitter, and for four years Mr. Adams struggled through almost a constant tempest of assaults. In fact, he was not truly a popular man, and his cha- grin at not receiving a re-election was so great that he did not even remain at Phila- delphia to witness the inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, his successor. The friendly intimacy between these two men was interrupted for about thirteen years of their life. Adams finally made the first advances toward a restoration of their mutual friend- ship, which were gratefull}' accepted by Jefferson. Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunity to retire to private lilc, where he could rest his mind and enjoy the comforts of home. By a thousand bitter experiences he found the path of public duty a tiiorny one. For twcnt\-si.\ years his service of the public was as arduous, self-sacrificing and devoted as ever fell to the lot of man. In one im- portant sense he was as much the " Father of his Country " as was Washington in another sense. During these long j'ears of anxiety and toil, in which he was laying. broad and deep, the foundations of the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, he received from his impoverished country a meager support. The only privilege he carried with him into his retirement was that of franking his letters. Although taking no active part in public affairs, both himself and his son, John Quincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr. Jefferson in resisting the encroachments of England, who persisted in searching American ships on the iiigh seas and dragging from them any sailors that might be designated by any pert lieutenant as British subjects. Even for this noble sup- port Mr. Adams was maligned b}' thou- sands of bitter enemies ! On this occasion, for the first time since his retirement, he broke silence and drew up a very able paper, exposing the atrocity of the British pretensions. Mr. Adams outlived nearly all hisfamil3-. Though his ph3-sical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth j^ear he was gladdened by the popular elevation of his son to the Presidential office, the highest in the gift of the people. A few months more passed away and the 4th of Julv, 1826, arrived. The people, unaware of the near approach of the end of two great lives — that of Adams and Jefferson — were makinar unusual preparations for a national holiday. Mr. Adams lay upon his couch, listening to the ringing of bells, the wafturcs of martial music and the roar of cannon, with silent emotion. Only four days before, he had given for a public toast, " Independence f(3rever." About two o'clock in the after- noon he said, "And Jefferson still survives." But he was mistaken by an hour or so; and in a few minutes he had breathed his last. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. fm^^^^^'^^'^^'^^M!f^^^\^^^^^m^'^m I^JpHOMAS JEFFER- _>. 11'^ son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, 1 801-9, ■^^'ss born April 2, 1743, the eldest child of liis parents, Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle County, Virginia, upon the slopes ofthe Blue Ridge. When he -was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ing a widow and eight children. She was a beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies bemg mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mary College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, consequently being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded society, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinaril}' proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he commenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon which he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about $5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished <( "^/TZ^ THOMAS yEFFERSON. 23 young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slaves; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slaverj'. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of iand upon his large estate at Shadwell, called Monticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magniliccnt, high-blooded horses. At this period the British Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his ability as-a statesman and as a leader. By the year 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled : " A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with George Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speecii- maker, yet in conversation and up<^)n committees he was so frank and decisive that he always made a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hopes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, the hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, onl}' si.K days before it was adopted. During the three days of the fiery ordeal of criticism through which it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finally sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizing the government of Virginia, of which State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolina, and at one time a British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes aftci" Mr. Jefferson escaped with his famil}-, his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The year 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virginia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a party arose against him throughout the State, severely criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- roundmg him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest of his days. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for his country! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was feared he never would recover ! Several weeks PRES/DEVTS OF THE U.V/TED STATES. passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. Jefferson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimously and without a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territory. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anybodv or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce with foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactorily accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was " the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simplicity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, he found two parties respecting the foreign commercial policy, Mr. Adams S3"mpathizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secretary of State. Ax. this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of the Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved b\' Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to reproach him with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January i, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to the office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in an3-thing public! But, while all Europe was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new PresidentiaJ election in this country came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the promotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was " so weary " of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. THOMAS JEFFE/fSON. 25 But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed joylessly awa}', while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and the result of the fourth general election was the elevation of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency! with Aaron Burr as Vice-President. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with joy. On the other iiand, man}- of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the " incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained notiiing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in tine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicitv. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon him with age. He believed that General Washington was somewhat dis- trustful of the ultimate success of a popular Government, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he had instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves evervwherc he met them, ana carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of the Jeffersoni- an party now swept the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000. the " Louisiana Territory " purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. The year 1804 witnessed another severe loss in his famil\-. His highl}- accomplished and most beloved daughter Maria sickened and died, causing as great grief in the stricken parent as it was possible for him to survive with any degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to the Presidency, with George Clinton as Vice- President. During his second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton • Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon b}- the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. ^Vmid all these public excitements he thought constantly of the welfare of his family, and longed for the time when he could return home to remain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- tality toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his property, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fasiiion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required! It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs. Randolph. Mr. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions by lottery, in order to raise the necessary funds for home expenses. It was granted; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jefferson died, July 4, 1826, at 12:50 1'. M. 2fi PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 9"! :^^ AMES MADISON, the >; fourth President of the |^«* United States, iSog-'i/, d= was born at Port Con- ■\'v way, Prince George ;f.S* County, Virginia, March i6, 1751. His father. Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing njion a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twentv-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tacliment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study . At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized by them as pei"- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for "toleration" a more emphatic assertion of relisfious liberty. ■%^ ■ \ / /. a.AU^'-^ ^^ (tc^<^ ^^^ JAMES MAD/SON. 29 III 1776 he was elected a member of the Virginia CDiiveiition to frame tlic Constitu- tion of the State. Like Jefferson, he took but little part in the public debates. His main strengtii lay in his conversational in- fluence and in his pen. In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three years, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent uj) to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from liis pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, and rendered him the first of every assembly of which he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closelv in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- | ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station whicli he held in the great Nscional Convention of 1787; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the [ new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Patrick Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumny has ever attempted to sully. Of the power and polish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadeljjhia, in May, 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist- Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, i789-'97, in which he main- tained a moderate opposition to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the mission to France and the Secretaryshij) of vState, and, gradually identifying himself with the Rei)uhlicaii party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wash- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote: "There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mind would be so completely at 30 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madisoti declined to be a candi- aate. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, alter the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madison won the prize. She proved an invaluable helpmate. In Washington she was the life of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraging Iriend. During the stormy administration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away ; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed, John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Thomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential chair was large- ly owing to the writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. Jeffer- son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaving the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutarv power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec- toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, wiien the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1810, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the i8th of June, 181 2, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostilit)' of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved ; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 181 7, Madison yielded the Presi- y.iMES MADfSON. 3' dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of his days surrounded bv attaciied friends and enjo\dng the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching the development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm :o participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full of intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched with unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansburv, relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next daj', as there was a great call for it, and the report had not been returned for publication, 1 sent mv son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. .My son was a lad of sixteen, whom 1 had taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the paper, as com- ! pany had prevented his attending to it. He did so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the report. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the paper. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilt}-, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggested a word. Probably no other person then living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead of reoarding such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immcdiatelv in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the 3'oung critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well- balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of anal3-sis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trusfful, his integrit}' unques- tioned, his manners simple, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the esteem not onlv ol friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen years, and died Jul)- 12, 1849, "^ '^'''^ eighty -second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Doll}- Madison," and it is fitting that her memory should descend to posterity in company with thatof the companion of her life. PNES/DEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES. iP^. ti^t^'^'^^t^t^t^^' §^^^^^^^^2. r^\.\v-\-rxr^r:Ct^v.r:..v>^,Ai:SS{g3£SE5-33;S55 ,e<^|^ "% ^^m:w,'^ MiJic^riR r? nf. |^ 1.^ 1233:^313 j^^^:^33ii3g:^-w?ai^i^it'^^it35a3g^r ^^i %© ifiS^ -(i;Pi';j.^Pi'i,'(<;.'.;.H-i.'£>.)/ v'?^''^^"** ''**'''■ ''*■'"''**'"*■'"'' ''j^*.? r-^'^'fe^ * -^^^ES MONROE, the fifth W^Vi President of the United States, i8i7-'25, was born in Westmoreland County Virginia, April 28, 1758. He was a son of Speiice Monroe, and a descendant of a Scottish cavalier fam- ily. Like all his predeces- sors thus far in the Presi- dential chair, he enjoyed all the advantages of educa- tion which the country could then afford. He was early sent to a fine classical school, and at the age of six- teen entered William and Mary College.. In 1776, when he had been in college but two years, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and our feeble militia, with- out arms, amunition or clothing, were strug- gling against the trained armies of England. James Monroe left college, hastened to General Washington's headquarters at New York and enrolled himself as a cadet in the army. At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so dis- tinguished himself, receiving a wound in his shoulder, that he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. Upon recovering from his wound, he was invited to act as aide to Lord Ster- ling, and in that capacity he took an active part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantownand Monmouth. At Germantown he stood by the side of Lafayette when the French Marquis received his wound. Gen- eral Washington, who had formed a high idea of young Monroe's ability, sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment, of which he was to be Colonel; but so exhausted was Virginia at that time tiiat the effort proved unsuccessful. He, however, received his commission. Finding no opportunity to enter the army as a commissioned officer, he returned to his original plan of studying law, and entered the office of Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. He developed a very noble character, frank, manly and sincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him: "James Monroe is so perfectl}' honest that if his soul were turned inside out there would not be found a spot on it." In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and was also appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council. The next year he was chosen delegate to the Conti- nental Congress for a term of three years. He was present at Annapolis when Wash- ington surrendered his commission of Com- mander-in-chief. With Washington, Jefferson and Madison he felt deeply the inefficiency of the old Articles of Confederation, and urged the formation of a new Constitution, which should invest the Central Government with something like national power. Influenced by these views, he introduced a resolution ^ / yAMES MONROE. 35 that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lav an impost dut}' ')f five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, antl the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of the United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in which Colonel Monroe was held is indicated by the fact that he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controvers}-. While in New York attend- ing Congress, he married Miss Kortright, a voung lady distinguished alike for her beautv and accomplishments. For nearly fiftv )'ears this hap]iv union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brillianc}' of her intellect, and the amiabilit}' of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was ver)' soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deepl}' as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacv, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with mam- others of the Republi- can partv, that it gave too much power to tiie Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with tiie Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Repub- lican party became the dominant power which ruled the land. Georere Washinsfton was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutralit}' be- 1 tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were ' now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyranny a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremit}'. He vio- lently opposed the President's procla- mation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the polic}' of tire Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publich' introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merlin de Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be- ?6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. tween the two nations. The flags of the two repubHcs were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so anno)' ing to Eng- land and to the friends of England in this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism ; and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. Shortly after his return to this country Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In 1802 he was an Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. In 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjoyed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 ^^^- Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious to nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virginia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 1812. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretary of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad- ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretar}- of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to New Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And vet it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman story, stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiary to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successful! v to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the coimtry. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutely necessary to save us from ignt)minious deteat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibility of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. JAMES MONROE. yi The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of tlie army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat off the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcely any opposition. Out of 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to the Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Holy Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas Jefferson for advice in the emergency. In his reply under date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and establish the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs of nations on the American continent; and the doctrine was announced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to extend their .system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quinc}- Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniary interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For many years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health that she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831. The citizens of New York conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pronounc- ing hmi the worthy successor of the illus- trious men who had preceded him in the presidential chair. js PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. -Mi'^'^-y^. g^^«:^ iH 7?SH H5aH ?l=?F??H??4£igirf?:^t:'Pr^:d,KHHger^pgF1=^Ec)f'-"r' sfisf-* 'OHN OUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United States, 1825-9, was born in the rural home of his honored ^>> father, John Adams, in Q u i n c y , Massachusetts, July 1 1, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of his father. He commenced his education at the village school, giving at an early period indica- tions of superior mental en- dowments. When eleven vears of age he sailed with his father for Europe, where the latter was associated with Franklin and Lee as Minister Plenipotentiar\'. The intelligence of John Quincy attracted the attention of these men and received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. Adams had scarcelv returned to this country in 1779 ere he was again sent abroad, and John Quincy again accom- panied him. On this voyage he commenced a diary, which practice he continued, with but few interruptions, until his death. He journeyed with his father from Ferrol, in Spain, to Paris. Here he applied himself for six months to study; then accompanied his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, and then the University of Leyden. In 1781, when only fourteen years of age, he was selected bv Mr. Dana, our Minister to the Russian court, as his private secretarv. In tiiis school of incessant labor he spent fourteen months, and then returned alone to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. Again he resumed his studies under a private tutor, at The Hague. In the spring of 1782 he accompanied his father to Paris, forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Conti- nent. After a short visit to England, he re- turned to Paris and studied until May, 1785, when he returned to America, leav- ing his father an embassador at the court of St. James. In 1786 he entered the jun- ior class in Harvard University, and grad- uated with the second honor of his class. The oration he delivered on this occasion, the " Importance of Public Faith to the Well-being of a Communitv," was pub- lished — an event very rare in this or any other land. Upon leaving college at the age of twenty he studied law three years with the Hon. Theophilus Parsons in Newburvport. In 1790 he opened a law office in Boston. The profession was crowded with able men, and the fees were small. The first 3^ear he had J, 2 . cAL^l/Hv-i JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year jjassed a\va\-, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third year. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and before the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popular one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to help France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutrality. His writings at tills time in the Boston journals gave him so higli a reputation, that in June, 1794, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote to his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to censure any others, I give it as my decided opinion, that Mr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in my mind that he will prove the ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, hut request- ing him to remain in London until he should receive instructicjns. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to move in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. In Jul}", 1799, haying fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. He sustained the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resoKed to present a firm resist- ance. This course, so truly patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen professor of rhetoric in Harvard College. His lect- ures at this place were subsequently pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 18 14, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 181 5. In 181 7 he became Secretary of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight years. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase ol I'lorida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Ouincy Adams, eighty-four; William II. Crawford, forty-one, and Henry Cla}-, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past histor}^ of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiousl}^ devoted to the best interests of the countr}', than that of John Ouincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisanship, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss anv man from of- fice for his political views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- sonal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address very seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignity can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " though it be as pure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Man}' of the active par- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course the}- 'pursued. Some j-ears after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: " Well do I remember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which we labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive me, for I shall never forgive myself." March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Ouincy, and pursued his studies with ima- bated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In N )vcrnber, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this lie recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-day, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his country. Deep as are our obligations to John Ouinc\- Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his cnparity as legislator in the House of Represcii'i- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, lie occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutiny. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Govennnent, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. JOHN ^UlNCr ADAMS. H3 On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not onlv themselves, but their section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare? Where did the gentleman get his principle? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumph that ever met the human eye or ear? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the children of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- trv ? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her />ftition saved her people and her coun- try ? " To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' Mv son, come back to me with thy shielfl, or upon thy shield ? ' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river unt^er a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi ? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato ? " To come to later periods, what says the history of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors ? To say nothing of Boadicea, the British heroine in the time of the Cassars, what name is more illustrious than that of Eliza- beth ? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he not find the names of Maria Theresa of Hungary, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did slic bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex b}' mingling in politics? " In this glowing strain Mr. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antagonists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from forty-five citizens of Haver- liill, Massachusetts, i)ra3'ingfor a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slaverj^ party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our .stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that they probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing the reason why the prayer ought not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slavery party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and of meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mcrcv, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- fully prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, ever}' eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by seventy-five ypars, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants, 44 PBESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. in a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious charge of high treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it ! and see what that says of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, the tone, the words; the venerable old man, with flash- ing eye and flushed cheek, and whose very form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion — all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimity. There was breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to INIr. Adams as thev were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again ! " It was again read. Then in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 1846, when seventy-eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on the Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2istof Februar)', 1848, he roseon the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken b}^ paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. F(jr a time he was senseless and was conveyed to a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmlv around and said, " This is the end of earth." Then alter a moment's pause, he added, " I am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of hymnology, he '' died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." ,.taiffil»::y^~. 2^^^f^i:??^.f^^a:^:^:.^^^_,;^2^^ ANDREW JACKSON. 47 /^' Andrew jackson, the seventh President of the United States, i829-'37, was born at the Waxhaw Settle. ■^ nient, Union Coun- j^ ty, North Carolina, March i6, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortlv before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the 3-ounger and weaker boj'S, but very irascible and over- bearing with his cquafs and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, witii his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General oumter, and was a witness of the lattcr's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the boys were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two days Robert was dead, and And)' apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triumphed, and he regained health and vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cry of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among: whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked by fever, died and was buried where her srrave could never be found. Thus Andrew Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. He PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. soon entered a saddler's shop, and labored diligently for six months. But gradually, as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a very fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office of Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisbury, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rt)llicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisbury. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twenty, a tall 3'oung man, being over six feet in height. He was slender, remarkably grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extreme: but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angry and when not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small emolument and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantly on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Dail}' he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldlv, alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In I "go Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, b}^ President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been "divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and that the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare f elic- it v- Probablv there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was always gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented b}- oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a century later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactoriiv attested by abundant evidence. Jackson was untiring in his duties as A.VUHtW JACKSON. 49 United States Attorney, whicli clcniaiidetl frequent journeys throuj^h the wilderness anil exposed him to Indian hostilities. He acquired considerable property in land, and obtained sueh influence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for the new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its hrst Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: " A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat. General Washington, whose second term of office was just expiring, delivered his last s[)cech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the policy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jackson was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generally right. He did iiol enji)\- his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignit}^ in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-General of militia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to tr}- his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He lived about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly .un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with his business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it, the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventually became an extensive slave owner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and " affairs of honor," during this period, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revealed it to anyone. In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generally. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celebrated PREJIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations which led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Early in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energy and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason. He was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probably because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in January, 18 13, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner. Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and inunediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both sides the famous victory of January 8, 1815, ::rowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In i8i7-'i8 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and exe- cuted by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, who had escaped a trial for the Irregularity of his conduct only through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 1821 Gov- ernor of the new Territory. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson waselected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidency. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merryment, speedily became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1829, and at once removed from office all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American politics, but which naturally be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized by quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretary of War; by the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 ANDREW JACKSON. SI Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor beiiii^ Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson removed the Gov- ernment deposits from the United States bank, thereby incurring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged fouryears later. During this second term of office the Chcrokecs, Choctaws and Creeks were removed, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territor\^; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Union; the Seminole war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, which had organized in 1829, attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the country experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive projjulsion were introduced into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant element of national life before the close of his second term. For many rea- sons, therefore, the administration of Presi- dent Jackson formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837, and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, which occurred June 8, 1845. During his closing 3'ears he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member of the Pres- byterian church. No American of this century has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of hiscountr}- mcn will question tiiat he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If his distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- tory — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state of society which has nearly passed away. 52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. '^*i??i'J?*)'J?b*iwi'^^%?i'^ ^f^(^f^(^i^imi^-T .3^\ a'-^^'ZI ^^^If ^ZliiA ^L? ^ ^?_a;-Ii^:^_4.^2X-334| 1^ fc' »'t ■.Jl^i>'Ci»'ll".f'l »»'iiij'!^l.)! <:^ \ -CL-^ ^^ II ZACHARr TATLGR. I country. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832, and in 1837 was ordered to take command in Florida, then the scene of war with the Indians. In 1846 he was transferred to the com- mand of the Army of the Southwest, from which he was relieved the same3'ear at his own request. Subsequently he was sta- tioned on the Arkansas frontier at Forts Gibbon, vSmith and Jesup, which latter work had been built under his direction in 1822. May 28, 1845, he received a dispatch from the Secretary of War informing him of the receipt of information by the President " that Texas would shortly accede to the terms of annexation," in which event he was instructed to defend ami protect her from " foreign invasion and Indian incur- sions." He proceeded, upon the annexation of Texas, with about 1,500 men to Corpus Christi. where his force was increased to some 4,000. Taylor was brevetted Major-General May 28, and a month later, June 29, 1S46, his full commission to that grade was issued. After needed rest and reinforcement, he advanced in .September on Monterey, which city ca- pitulated after three-days stubborn resist- ance. Here he took up his winter quarters. The plan for the invasion of Mexico, by way of Vera Cruz, with General Scott in command, was now determined upon by the Govenrment, and at the moment Taylor was about to resume active operations, he received orders to send the laiger part of his force to reinforce the army of General Scott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequently reinforced b) raw recruits, yet after pro- viding a garrison for Monterey and Saltillo he had but about 5,300 effective troops, of which but 500 or 600 were regulars. In this weakened condition, however, he was destined to achieve his greatest victory. Confidently relying upon his strength at Vera Cruz to resist the enemy for a long time, Santa Anna directed his entire armv against Taylor to overwliclin him, and then to return to oppose the advance of Scott's more formidable invasion. The battle of Buena Vista was fought February 22 and 23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and " Old Rough and Ready," the sobricjuet given him in the army, became a household word. He remained in quiet possession of the Rio Grande Valley until November, when he returned to the United States. In the Whig convention which met at Philadelphia, June 7, 1848, Taylor was nomi- nated on the fourth ballot as candidate of the Whig party for President, over Henry Clay, General Scott and Daniel Webster. In November Ta3dor received a majority of electoral votes, and a popular vote of 1,360,752, against 1,219,962 (or Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of tlie leaders \n Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in ccjuvention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavery within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henry Clay; but not during the life of the brave soldier and patriot statesman. July 5 he was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Colonel W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and Mexico, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. P/iES/DEl\?TS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^^^ LJIXXJ^iJIJ I ZIJIJXJllAJJt-lJlII I I«llJMJUJ4**X* . JUfrM-' *JJ^l^' ' 'i ■; r :■ ; ■; n t rxrvr. 7Trrr. . 1 1 . .m ;. ' iMn nw.. i li. n Wi n l i' ui ' f l'tTl' n ' r rt m - , ; , t - - ILLARD FILL- MORE, the thir- ^' teenth President (if the United States, i85o-'3, was born in Summer Hill, Cayuga New York, Janu- 1800. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He early learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years * of age he was induced by Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such mone}' as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillm.ore t*iught school during the winter months and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, whither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig partv. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesy, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Ccongress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed by the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate for re- election. Notwithstanding this ccmmuni- (xX/^o-t^O t/c^1^!^^^-t-^r^^v MILLARD FILLMORE. 75 cation his friends met in convention and renominated him by acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his hibors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 Mr. Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this year, also, the Whigs were locjking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Tajdor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4th of March, 1849, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question of slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severel}' tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris- tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his exalted station against the atrocious enter- prise. .Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses". He did every- thing in his power to concihate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, having served one term. President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destiny of this Government to embrace the whole North American Cf)ntinent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that his sympathy was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 2HHHi ^^"JW" .^''tf ^ \^'^ *»■ -*> ^i^^^'-ii^ FPI]I^LI]] PIERCE. ^.^ ; j-^^^^^f^,^r n rn^ RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Novem- ber 23, 1804. His father, Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ^f ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the stud)' of law in the office of Judge Woodbur}', a very distin- guished lawyer, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord. He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as INIr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the arm}'. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. He served during this war, and distinguished himself by his bravery, skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiastically received by ^.^W^c^fefe FRANKLIN PIERCE. 79 the advocates of the war, and coldly by its opponents. He resumed the practice of his profession, frequently taking an active part in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pro-slavery wing of the Demo- cratic party. June 12, 1852, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotmgs no one had received the requisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotings, during which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great unanimity. Onlv four States — Vermont, Massachusetts, Ken- tucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1853, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marc}', James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Campbell and Caleb Cushing. At the demand of slavery the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown o[)en to slavery. The Territor}' of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slaver)- 111 .Missouri and other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched them into Kansas, took possession of the polls, drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes by handfuls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming majority, slavery was estab- lished in Kansas. These . facts nobody denied, and yet President Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. The citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : "Resolved, That the body of men who, for the past two months, have been passing laws for the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, are to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who elected them, and not the people of this Territory ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consummation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud unparalleled in the histor\' of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Government, im- ploring its protection. Iti reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessar\-, the whole force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his s\-mpathies to the jjro-slavery party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcopal church. So PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. % M% p ilv^vwrnf ?5 Mhic^( (;^ i^r^^TH;^ 'AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States. i857-'6i, was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. The place where his father's c a b i n stood was called Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic s[)Ot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with very little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen 3'ears of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-si.\ years of age, unaided bv counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment At the age of thirty it was generall}- admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 1812, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisHng as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson trulv said, " We are all Federal- ists; we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- d yne^ ^^^S^-'^i^ ^^"Z-^Ss^?^^ JAMES BUCHANAN. 83 tion laws of John Adams, brought the party into dispute, and the name of Federalist became a reproach. Mr. Buchanan almost immediately upon entering Congress began to incline more and more to the Repub- Hcans. In the stormy Presidential election of 1824, in which Jackson, Cla)', Crawford and John Ouincy Adams were candidates, Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of Gen- eral Jackson and unrelentingly opposed the administration of Mr. Adams. Upon his elevation to the Presidency, General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan, minister to Russia. Upon his return in 1833 he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the measures proposed by Presi- dent Jackson of making reprisals against France, and defended the course of the Pres- ident in his unprecedented and wholesale removals from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this cjuestion he was brought mto direct col- lision with Henry Clay. In the discussion of the question respecting the admission of Michigan and Arkansas into the Union, Mr. Buchanan defined his position by saying: " The older I grow, the more I am in- clined to be what is called a State-rights man." M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned work upon " Democracy in America," foresaw the trouble which was inevitable from the doctrine of State sovereignty as held by Calhoun and Buchanan. He was con- vinced that the National Government was losing that strength which was essential to its own existence, and that the States were assiuning powers which threatened the perpetuit}- of the Union. Mr. Buchanan received the book in the Senate and de- clared the fears of De Tocqueville to be groundless, and yet he lived to sit in the Presidential chair and see State after State, in accordance with his own views of State rights, breaking from the Union, thus crumbling our Republic into ruins; while the unhappy old man folded his arms in despair, declaring that the National Consti- tution invested him with no power to arrest the destruction. Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presi- dency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexi- can war. At the close of Mr. Polk's ad- ministration, Mr. Buchanan retired to pri- vate life; but his intelligence, and his great abilit)^ as a statesman, enabled him to exert a powerful influence in National affairs. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856 the National Democratic convention nomi- nated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever en- gaged. On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated President. His cabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb, J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thomp- son, A. V. Brown and J. S. Black. The disruption of the Democratic party, in consequence of the manner in which the issue of the nationality of slavery was pressed by the Southern wing, occurred at the National convention, held at Charleston in April, i860, for the nomination of Mr. Buchanan's successor, when the majority of Southern delegates withdrew upon the passage of a resolution declaring that the constitutional status of slavery should be determined by the Supreme Court. In the next Presidential canvass Abra- ham Lincoln was nominated by the oppo- nents of Mr. Buchanan's administration. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington long enough to see his successor installed and then retired to his home in Wheatland. He died June i, 1868, aged seventy-seven years. S4 PRBSIDEIVTS OF THE UNITED STATES. BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue (then Hardin) County, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creek, three miles west of Hudgensville. H i s parents were Thomas and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be given in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paterna' grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- ^ tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. M}^ father, at the death of his father, was but six 3-ears of age, and he grew up, liter- ally, without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals stili in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin", writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write and cipher to the rule of three, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which /^ ^9-r Qy^/f'oL*-^ ^C^-i>Cy^ ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 87 I coiitiiiuccl till 1 was twenty-two. At twcntv-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. " Then came the Black Hawk war, and 1 was elected a Captain of volunteers — a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 184910 1854, inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is pretty well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohio River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentryville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 1818, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky. She was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequentlv for the neighbors as a farm laborer; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentrj'ville; and became famous throughout that region for his athletic powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the composi tion of rude satirical verses. In 1828 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as " bow-hand " on a flatboat ; removed to Illinois in 1830; helped his father build a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for a political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 1851 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it to New Orleans. The boat "stuck" on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a patent for "an imprcncd method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions upon the slaver\- question. Returning from this voyage he became a resident for several \^ears at New Salem, a recently settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and acted as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local politics after his return from the Black Hawk war, and iiccame known as an effective "stuinp- sjicaker." The subject of his first political speech was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced himself (1832) a candi- date for the Legislature was his advocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. 1 Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a 88 PRES/DEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soon established himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, iargely through his influence ; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts ; married in 1842 a lady be- longing to a prominent famil}' in Lexington, Kentucky; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cartwright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain any prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Mexican war. For several years there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on Henry Clay (1852) added nothing to his reputation. In 1834 the repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectlv well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1854, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his policy in the Senate, and the " Anti- Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- coln had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged him to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots; but Trumbull was ultimately chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new party first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive ground against slavery in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidency, and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his s[)eech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself' on the slavery question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as rival Sena- torial candidates resulted at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cii- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 89 former, as the clearest and most convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 lie began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed by similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. By the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirty years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed much to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hatulin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the " Ainerican" party having put fiirward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- ])ublican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 by a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the history of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the reinainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination b)' avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1 86 1. In his inaugural address he said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundatiiental laws of all na- tional govermncnts. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefcjre consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power conferred to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and to col- lect the duties and iinports, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects tlTere will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-country-, men, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroj' the Gov- ernment, while I shall have the most sol- emn one to preserve, protect and defend it." He called to his cabinet his principal rivals for the Presidential nomination — • Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; se- cured the co-operation of the Union Demo- crats, headed by Douglas ; called out 75,000 militia from the several States upon the first tidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 15; proclaimed a blockade of the Southern posts April 19; called an extra .JO PliESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. session of Congress for July 4, from which he asked and obtained 400,000 men and $400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellan at the head of the Federal army on General Scott's resignation, October 31; appointed Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, Jan- uary 14, 1862, and September 22, 1862, issued a proclamation declaring the free- dom of all slaves in the States and parts of States then in rebellion from and after January i. 1863. This was the crowning act of Lincoln's career — the act by which he will be chiefly known through all future time — and it decided the war. October 16, 1863, President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to replace those whose term of enlistment had expired ; made a celebrated and touching, though brief, address at the dedication of the Gettysburg military cemetery, November 19, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. Grant Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- Chief of the armies of the United States, March 9, 1864; was re-elected President in November of the same year, by a large majority over General McClellan, with Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as Vice- President; delivered a very remarkable ad- dress at his second inauguration, March 4, 1865; visited the army before Richmond the same month; entered the capital of the Con- federacy the day after its fall, and upon the surrender of General Robert E. Lee'c army, April 9, was actively engaged in devising generous plans for the reconstruction of the Union, when, on the evening ol Good Fri- day, April 14, he was shot in his box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, by John Wilkes Booth, a fanatical actor, and expired early on the following morning, April 15. Al- most simultaneously a murderous attack was made upon William H. Seward, Secre- tary of State. At noon on the 15th of April Andrew Johnson assumed the Presidency, and active measures were taken which resulted in the death of Booth and the execution of his principal accomplices. The funeral of President Lincoln was conducted with unexampled solemnit\' and magnificence. Impressive services were held in Washington, after which the sad procession proceeded over the same route he had traveled four 3'ears before, from Springfield to Washington. In Philadel- phia his body lay in state in Independence Hall, in which he had declared before his first inauguration "that I would sooner be assassinated than to give up the principles of the Declaration of Independence." He was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Springfield, Illinois, on May 4, where a monument emblematic of the emancipation of the slaves and the restoration of the Union mark his resting place. The leaders and citizens of the expiring Confederacy expressed genuine indignation at the murder of a generous political adver- sary. Foreign nations took part in mourn- ing the death of a statesman who had proved himself a true representative of American nationality. The freedmen of the South almost worshiped the memorj' of their de- liverer; and the general sentiment of the great Nation he had saved awarded him a place in its affections, second only to that held by Washington. The characteristics of Abraham Lincoln have been familiarly known throughout the civilized world. His tall, gaunt, ungainly figure, homely countenance, and his shrewd mother-wit, shown in his celebrated con- versations overflowing in humorous and pointed anecdote, combined with an accu- rate, intuitive appreciation of the questions of the time, are recognized as forming the best type of a period of American histor\' now rapidly passing away. •-/z. ANDREW JOHNSON. 9? ~^*^5* /> T{dW ^Dr)i}'^oi)< r7 3^ _ _ „ »«^—-::*i^>-~:^^^*~^»^-<~;»ti?>''--^*ti?<5 ^**ir-**i^**;~ %.r ^ Ii^i..-« r7:, '^ NDREW JOHNSON, the Feventeenth Presi- dent of the United States, 1865-9, was born at R a 1 e i g h , North Carolina, De- ■t\^ c e m b e r 29, 1808. His fatlicr died when he was four y<-";"'S old, and in £; *fV'"" his eleventh year he was ap- prenticed to a tailor. He nev- er attended school, and did not learn to read until late in his apprenticeship, when he suddenly acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spare time to reading. After working two years as a jouriiey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate" al- derman, in 1828, and mavor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker bv taking [jart in a debating society, consisting largely of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, ^^ was chosen to the lower house of the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1841 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Representative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until 1853, when he was chosen Governor of : Tennessee. In Congress he supported the i administrations of Tyler and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexati(jn of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon ] boundary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. In 1855 Mr. Johnson was re-elected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the United States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Breckenridge wing of that party. When the election of Lincoln had brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, 1861, on returning to Tennessee, he was in imminent peril of suffering from 94 PffES/DEJVTS OF THE UNITED STATES. popular violence for his loyalty to the " old flag." He was the leader of the Loyalists' convention of East Tennessee, and during the following winter was very active in or- ganizing relief for the destitute loyal refu- gees from that region, his own family being among those compelled to leave. By his course in this crisis Johnson came prominently before the Northern public, and when in March, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral, he increased in popularity by the vig- orous and successful manner in which he labored to restore order, protect Union men and punish marauders. On the ap- proach of the Presidential campaign of 1864, the termination of the war being plainly foreseen, and several Southern States being partially reconstructed, it was felt that the Vice-Presidency should be given to a South- ern man of conspicuous lo3-alty, and Gov- ernor Johnson was elected on the same platform and ticket as President Lincoln; and on the assassination of the latter suc- ceeded to the Presidenc}', April 15, 1865. Ill a public speech two da)'S later he said: "The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished; that the Gov- ernment will not always bear with its ene- mies; that it is strong, not only to protect, but to punish. In cnir peaceful history treason has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is the black- est of crimes, and will be punished." He then added the ominous sentence: '" In re- gard to my future course, I make no prom- ises, no pledges." President Johnson re- tained the cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibited considerable severity toward traitors in his earlier acts and speeches, but he soon inaug- urated a policy of reconstruction, proclaim- ing a general amnest}' to the late Confeder- ates, and successively establishing provis- ional Governments in the Southern States. These States accordingly claimed represen- tation in Congress in the following Decem- ber, and the momentous question of what should be the policy of the victorious Union toward its late armed opponents was forced upon that body. Two considerations impelled the Repub- lican majority to reject the policy of Presi. dent Johnson: First, an apprehension that the chief magistrate intended to undo the re- sults of the war in regard to slavery; and, sec- ond, the sullen attitude of the South, which seemed to be plotting to regain the policy which arms had lost. The credentials of the Southern members elect were laid on the table, a civil rights bill and a bill extending the sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau were passed over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the Government were soon in open antagonism. The action of Congress was characterized b}' the Presi- dent as a " new rebellion." In July the cabinet was reconstructed, Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning taking the places of Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, and an unsuccessful attempt was made by means of a general convention in Philadel- phia to form a new party on the basis of the administration policy. In an excursion to Chicago for the pur- pose of laying a corner-stone of the monu- ment to Stephen A. Douglas, President Johnson, accompanied by several members of the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia. New York and Albany, in each of which cities, and in other places along the route, he made speeches justifying and explaining his own polic3% and violently denouncing the action of Congress. August 12, 1867, President Johnson re- moved the Secretary of War, replacing him by General Grant. Secretary Stanton retired under protest, based upon the ten- ure-of-ofifice act which had been passed the preceding March. The President then is- sued a proclamation declaring the insurrec- A NDRB W JOHNSON. 95 tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tran- quility and civil authority existed in and throughout the United States." Another proclamation enjoined obedience to the Constitution and the laws, and an amnesty was published September 7, relieving nearly all the participants in the late Rebellion from the disabilities thereby incurred, on condition of taking the oath to support the Constitution and the laws. In December Congress refused to confirm the removal of Secretary Stanton, who thereupon resumed the exercise of his of- fice; but February 21, 1868, President Johnson again attempted to remove him, appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Stanton refused to vacate his post, and was sustained by the Senate. February 24 the House of Representa- tives voted to impeach the President for " high crime and misdemeanors," and March 5 presented eleven articles of impeachment on the ground of his resistance to the exe- cution of the acts of Congress, alleging, in addition to the offense lately committed, his public expressions of contempt for Con- gress, in " certain intemperate, inflamma- tory and scandalous harangues" pronounced in August and September, 1866, and there- after declaring that the Thirty-ninth Con- gress of the United States was not a competent legislative body, and denying its power to propose Constitutional amend- ments. March 23 the impeachment trial began, the President appearing by counsel, and resulted in acquittal, the vote lacking one of the two-thirds vote required {or conviction. The remainder of President Johnson's term of office was passed without any such conflicts as might have been anticipated. He failed to obtain a nomination for re- election by the Democratic party, though receiving sixty-five votes on the first ballot. July 4 and December 25 new j^roclamations of pardon to the participants in the late Rebellion were issued, but were of little effect. On the accession of General Grant to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnson returned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuc- cessful in 1870 and 1872 as a candidate re- spectively for United States Senator and Representative, he was finally elected to the Senate in 1875, and took his seat in the extra session of March, in which his speeches were comparatively temperate. He died July 31, 1875, and was buried at Green- ville. President Johnson's administiation was a peculiarly unfortunate one. That he should so soon become involved in bitter feud with the Republican m^joritv in Congress was certainl)- a surprising and deplorable inci- dent; 3'et, in reviewing the circimistances after a lapse of so many years, it is easy to find ample room for a charitable judgment of both the parties in the heated contro- versy, since it cannot be doubted that any President, even Lincoln himself, had he lived, must h;ive sacrificed a large portion of his popularity in carrying out any pos- sible scheme of reconstruction. 96 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/ TED STATES. ^.«pV-¥T^n t -m rw -rs v-w ra T»-yT rt rw n rt~n-n TJ r^ TT Tl n ^1 ««l>-.8brrr TT-n T¥ I J ^[^ .J'^fr LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, 1869-77, was born April 27, 1 822, ^ at P o i n t Pleasant, ^ Clermont County, His father was of Scotch ,^ Ohio. '^ descent, and a dealer in leather. At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Militaiy Academy at West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirtv-nine, receiving the commission of Bi'evet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia,daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but imsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the armv, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois. however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of fiyc weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of militar}- life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even lieard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September i he was placed in command of the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navigation both of that stream and oi ^ ■^^^07- ^^-^^ i a/.rssES s. grant. 99 the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union ; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- nient. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eigliteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he liad to do some fighting, and that, too, witli only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artilicr}- and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Hailcck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- ately made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there, and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty-five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. ill March, 1862, he was ordered to move up liie Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38,- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant violently, ho[)ing to overwhelm him bef(jre Buell could arrive ; 5,0000! his troops were beyond supporting distance, scj that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The next day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The" loss was heav}' on both sides; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both da3-s. Two da3'S afterward Halleck arrived at the front and assumed command of the army. Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of luka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of tlie river to attack that placj in front; but, owing to Colonel Murph^^'s surrendering Holl}' Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a PRESIDENTS OF THE UMTED STATES. Major-General in the regular armv, and in October following he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the AUeghanies and opened the wa}^ for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in February, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created for him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spotts\-lvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting daily in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of Virginia, and was superseded bv Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, in a succession of battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his armv as an organized force. The siege of Richmond went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partially successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way ; but he never wavered. He resolved to " fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed six months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also by sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew off and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- sult at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confedeiate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant brought the cavalry leader to the front of Richmond, and, making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lines at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 1 10,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on tl:e 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg. Grant pursued with remorseless l/LrSSES S. G/eAA'T. energy, onl}' stopping to strike frfesh blows, and Lcc at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-inarchcd and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the opten field, with 27,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtuaih- ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70.000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accom])any the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him ; the grade of General was created for him by Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the climax, when he made his tour around the world, "all nations did him honor" as they had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time he had served in his cabinet as Secretary of War. Of course, everybody thought of General Grant as the next President of the United States, and he was accordingly elected as such in 1868 "by a large majorit}'," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming ever given by the people of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and b}' a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $1 5,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. "Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had. General Grant was tiie most non-partisan. He regarded the Executive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of "politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By this time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afflicted ex- President, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 1885. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who was as truly the " father of this regenerated countr}-" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. I62 Presidents of the united states. »^ " T ■ I I t T I ■ 1 T Mt mi I T 1 ■ M 1 1 I " T " " t ' ' M " ' M " ' t M " ' I ' ' t ' • ' r [ I " t ' ' : '. ; ! : " ' ' ' ' ' ' I ' ' I " ' • ' ' t < 1 1 m 1 1 i i >■ ■ ■ 1 1 T » i-jM ~ * '8" 'f^0? UTHERFORD BIRCH- ARD HAYES, the nine- teenth President of the United States, i877-'Si, was born in ^'^L Delaware, Ohio, Oc- '^^'*5^ tober 4, 1822. His ancestry can be traced as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both fami- lies belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates and had a large following. The Hayes family had, for a coat of-arms, a shield, barred and surmounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle and above the shield, while on a scroll underneath the shield was inscribed the motto, " Recte." Misfortune overtaking tiic family, George Hayes left Scotland in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut. He was an industrious worker in wood and iron, having a mechanical genius and a cul- tivated mind. His son George was born in Windsor and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived in Simsbury, Con- necticut. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of sc3-thes at Bradford, Connecticut. Rutherford Ha_ves, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a famous black- smith and tavern-keeper. He immigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settlijig in Brattleboro where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford, father of Presi- dent Hayes, was born. In September, 1813, he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilming- ton, Vermont, whose ancestry on the male side is traced back to 1635, to John Birch- ard, one of the principal founders of Nor- wich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionarv war. The father of President Ha3xs was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost an\thing that he might undertake. He was prosperous in business, a member of the church and active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town. After the close of the war of 181 2 he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased a farm near the present town of Delaware. His family then consisted of his wife and two children, and an orphan girl whom he had adopted. It was in 1817 that the famil\- arrived at Delaware. Instead of settling upon his s u/Wi RUTHERFORD B. HATES. «'>S farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured liiin tiie highest social position in the coiiimunit3'. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was d'-stincd to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and tiie subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not c.Kpected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Ha\-es's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering way, "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't won- der if lie would reall)- come to something yet." " Vou need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I siiall make him President o( the I'nited Statesyet." Tiie boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which are marked traits of his character. .\t school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 \'()ung Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. . Hisliealth was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into pi'actice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealth)- banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation ma)' have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 ^^ removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daug'hter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. No^-es. The marriage was a fortunate one as every- body knows. Not one of all the wives ol io6 PHESIDENTS OF THE UX/TED STATES. our Presidents -.vas more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Ha3cs, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense of his country. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July the regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1 861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in August, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, and sulTered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also ; brevetted Major-General for distinguished { services in 1864. He was wounded four times, and five horses were shot from under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite with the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from che Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- man, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in 1869. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties, in order to please as many as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 1881 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jefferso- nian retirement from public notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. ^-.^^P -.» -2:^-_XY -"^^fjfe^*^^?^ 4 yAMES A. GARFIELD. 109 .J iS^^i i ^ C^' ^^^^?i^iSf^f(^^^^m>^ ji3^ji32Lrf3i? jaajj]!^ ^%.-jgaj is3^' FTr'.j^as^ ^rT-^ ^ &'iii);;;i<^«^ti^-v.-^^J- '^2' of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His parents were Abram and Ehza (Ballou) Garfield, who were of New England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the lapid improvements which appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mchetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the care of the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters live in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject of our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental and physical labor. He worked upon the farm, or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at any other odd job that would aid in supjjort of the family, and in the meantime made the most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen 3'ears of age, James's highest ambition was 10 be a lake captain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finall_v consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the city. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester for about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to [)ay his way he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught schof)l. I le soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams Colk'ge, at which he graduated in 1.S56, taking one of the highest honors of his class. PRES/DEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November ir, 1858, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neigiiboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old flag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success. President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-Genei^al, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecrans, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of M;i.jor-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlese}- and Joshua R. Giddmgs. Again, he was the youngest member of that bod}', and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the dav, espe- cially on one side, than any othei- membe)-. June 8, 18S0, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant; and although many of the Re- publican part}- felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation. General Garfield was elected by a f:iir popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on July 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderei'. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, wiio seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. 41 ^ CHESTER A. ARTHUR. "3 HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- tv-first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'5, was born in FrankHn Count y , Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a family of two sons and five r'iiyf^ daughters. His father, Rev. V?!al^ Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, immigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution. Union Col- lege, at vSchenectady, New York, where he e.xccllcd ill all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with S500 in his purse, went to the city (jf New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room.-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West; but after spend- ing about three months in the Wester. States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the " Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. Lem- 114 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by William M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a street car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. Alter the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the Vice-Presidency of the United States, imder the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisv and exciting. The friends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappomted over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor. President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against "third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. On liis retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1SS5, he engaged in the practice of law at jS^ew York City, where he died November 18, 1SS6. ^ X. A-.-.'-^ GRO VER CL E VELA ND. 117 ^^^^ '-"^^ /*"• ROVER CLEVE LAND, the twenty- second President of the fii^i- • v^.\ United States, 18815 — , " "1^^ ■ , ,JyC""» was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, March 18, The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden buildingf, is still stand- ^J^^'- ;»■ iui^. It was the parsonage of ._ .=. .. ii^^ i^resbvterian church, of \v h i c h his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New- England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was hi.ir\\ in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own \va\- in the world at the time and was unable to marrv; but in three years he completed a course of preparation for the ministry, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to F"ayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until he was fourteen 3'ears old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and ii8 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. was for a short time at the academ)-. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an earl}^ age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessai-y for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (i853-'4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known T" stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a few miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, knownas " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessarv expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and study. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted b\' the duties of the day. Gradually his employers came to recognize the abilit}', trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. i\ year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his dut}', rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican* ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the GRO VER CL E VEL A ND. •119 party Grover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, and came within thirteen votes of an elec- cion. The three years spent in the district attorney's otlfice were devoted to assiduous labor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie County, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill iicaltii forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, and the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 188 1 Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor — and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nomi- nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall ol 1884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. ..«4^. HISTORY -OK- - ^^w HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. CHAPTER I. LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL REMARKS. INNElSOTA is located in the j immediately west of Lake Superior, consists geographical center of the con- tinent of North America — mid- between the Atlantic and way Pacific Oceans, and also midway between Hudson's Bay and the (xulf of Mexico. It embraces territory extending from latitude -1-3 degrees 50 minutes, to 49 de- grees, and from 89 degrees 29 minutes to 97 degrees 5 minutes west longitude. As to its area, It can only be estimated, as portions of the State are as yet unsurveyed ; but as near as can be arrived at, the area is 85,531 square miles, or about 53,760,000 acres. In size Minnesota is the fourth State in the Union. From its southern l)oundary to the northern is about 400 miles, and from the most east- ern to the extreme western ]ioint about 354 miles. In altitude it appears to be one of the highest jiortions of the continent, ;is the headwatci's of the three great river systems are found in its limits — those of streams flowing nortiiward to Hudson's Biiy, east- ward to the -Vtlaiitic Ocean, and southward to the (iuir nf ^fexico. Nearly three-cpiarters of the surface of the State is made uj) of rolling prairie, inter- s|iersed with frequent groves, oak openings and belts of hardwood timber, watered by numei'ous lakes and streams, and covered with a warm, dark soil of great fertility. The balance, embracing the elevated district mainly of the rich minei'al ranges on its shores, and (^f the pine forests which extend over the upper Mississippi country, affortling extensive supplies of timber. But a very small ))ortion is broken, rocky or worthless land ; nearly all is arable. But few States are so well watered as Minnesota, and the numerous rivers and water-courses give ex- cellent drainage. A number of the rivers — the Mississippi, the Minnesota, the St. Croix", the St. Louis, the Red and the Red Lake riv- ers — are navigable, and nearly all of the balance afford water power. The lakes of Minnesota are among its principal physical characteristics. The estimate of 10,000 lakes in the State is not an unreasonable one. With all these natural advantages, favor- able climate and rich soil, Minnesota has become one of the most successful agricult- ural States in the Union, and stock-raising and dairying is I'apidly becoming a leading industry. Lumbering is also carried on very extensive]}', and tlie nianiifactuiing branch is raiiidlv becominj;- larji-c. "While at first it was supposed that this State was destitute of valuable minerals, recent discoveries prove to the contrary. Inexhaustible sujiplies of the best iron ore exist, and are now being mined and exported in large quantities. Sil- ver veins have also been found near the boundary line ; copper ore has also been found, and it is known that jilumbago and gold quartz exist. Building material, gi-an- liS 124 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. ite, brownstone, limestone, sandstone and brick and potter's clay are abundant. A few words as to railroads and history relating to their construction will also be interesting. Twenty-five years ago (1-862), there were only ten miles of railway in operation in the State. At the close of 1885 there were 6,721 miles in operation. The general government has granted to railroads within this State 12,151,527 acres of land, and the State has given 1,811,750 acres of swamp and other lands, making a total of 13,933,277 acres of land within the State given to railroads, valued on the average at $5 per acre, making $69,666,385 thus given. In addition, local, countv and State bonds have been given them amounting to over $6,680,000, making in lands and cash a total gift of 876,496,385, or about $19,345 for every mile completed. There is material in these facts for an extended political essay, and they certainly furnish food for thought. In concluding these general remarks it may justly be said that the outlook for the State is most gratifying. Its population is rapidly increasing, and its taxable wealth increasing in similar ratio. Every year sees an enormous area of its rich soil brouglit under cultivation, while there are still mill- ions of acres awaiting the plow of the set- tler. The following table of census returns will show the growth of the State as to popula- tion: 1850, population 6,077; 1860, popula- tion 172,023 ; 1865, population 250.099 ; 1870, population 439,706; 1875, population 597, 407; 1880, population 780,773, and in 1885 the population was 1,117,798. CHAPTER II. HISTOEY OF MINNESOTA — FROM m>0 TO 1887. [IE first exploration by wliitcs of the teri'itdi'V wliicli now com- prises tlie State of ]\rimiesota dates baelv early into the seven- teenth century. It is claimed by good authority that Jean Nicolet (pi'onounced Nicolay), one of Cluunplain's interpretei's, was the first to spread knowl- edge of tlie countrv west of Lake Michio'un. As early as l(i.35 he set foot upon the western shores of Lake Michigan, and traded near Green Bay, also roaming over various portions of Wisconsin at about that time. In December of the same year he returned to Canada. It is veiy doubtful whether Nicolet ever set foot on Minnesota soil, although it is ceilain tiiat his visit to the country west of Lake Michigan was the means of spread i tig knowledge of this country, and of the aboiigines of Minnesota. It was said of him tiiat he penetrated far distant countries, and in a letter bearing date of ItJ-iti, it is stated that "if he had proceeded three days more on a river which flows from that. lake (Green Bay), he would have found the sea." The death of this explorer occurred at Three Ilivers in 1640. After Nicolet's visit to Wisconsin, for a quarter of a century history brings no trace of any explorations concerning this region. At the end of this time, in ItlfiO, the first white men of whom there is any reliable record, set foot on ilinnesota soil. They were Jledard Chouart, called Groselliers, and Pierre d'Esprit. who was known as Sieur Riidisson. Both were Frenchmen who had come to Canada when young men to engage in the fur trade. Aljout the middle of that century sevei'al important changes had been made in the location of Indian tribes. The Hurons and their allies, the Ottawas, after successive battles, had drifted to the west of Lake Michigan. In former times they had been located in the St. Lawrence region. Finally reaching the Mississippi they found the Iowa River. Later, returning to the ]\rississippi, they settled upon an island in the river near where the city of Hastings is now located ; but becoming involved in battles with the Sioux, we finally find the Hurons located about the headwaters of the Chippewa}-, and the Ottawas on the shores of Lake Superior, near where Bay- field is now situated. It was to trade with the Indians that the two Frenchmen num- tioned, Groselliers and Radisson, made their trip to this wild region. ■ They passed the winter of 16.5!t-(J0 among the Sioux villages in tl)e Mille Lacs country, and the following spring and summer was s])ent in the region of Lake Su[H'i-i()r. In August, 1G60, they returned to Montreal, and their report of the country they had visited created much ex- citement. Within a few weeics an exploring and trading party was formed, and accom- panied by six Frcnciimen and two priests, one of whom was the Jesuit, Rene Menard, they again started wehtward, and on the 15th of October, 1600, they reached the Ottawa settlement on the shores of Lake Su])erior. The objects of this party were various, some bent on exi)loration, others on trading, while Father ]\Ienard went as a missionary. Groselliers (pronounced Gro- say-ya) and Radisson, accompanied by others, 126 HISTORY OF MIXXESOTA. pushed on through the country to the northwest of Lake Superior and at length reached Hudson's Bay. They returned to Montreal in May, 1662. The names of all the members of this party have not been preserved. Groselliers and Kad- isson proceeded to Paris, thence to Lon- don, where they were well received by the nobility and scientific men. A vessel was fitted out and placed at their disposal, in the hope of finding a northwest passage to Asia. In June, 1668, they left England and made an extended voyage, reaching a tributary of Hudson's Bay and returning to England, where, in 16T0, the famous trading corporation, the '• Hudson's Bay Company," was chartered. Now to return to the venerable Father Menard, who had been left among the Ottawa Lidians on the shores of Lake Superior in October, 1660. For nearly a year he lived there in a cabin built of fir branches. In the summer of 1661 he decided to visit the Hurons, ^vho had fled eastward from the Sioux of Minnesota and were located among the woods of northern AVisconsin, as stated. He was accompanied by one Frenchman, whose name has been lost in the mist of years. Tliey became separated, and Father Menard was lost, as Perrot says, "in the labyrinth of trees." This was the last ever positively known of him, although his brevi- ary and cassock were said afterward to have been found among the Sioux Indians. Whether this good and venerable man starved or was murdered or captured by the Indians will forever be shrouded in mystery. These were the earliest exploitations of the Northwest of which any record has been left, but after that period this region was visited by various ])arties at long intervals, and manj' interesting documents have been pre- served giving accounts of their journeys and discoveries. About the year 1665 several French trad- ers and the Jesuit, AUouez, visited the coun- try off" the western shore of Lake Sujierior. Earh^ in 1679 we find Daniel G. Du Luth west of Lake Michigan, and it is believed he planted the French arms on Minnesota soil. His records state that '■ on July 2d he caused his Majesty's arms to be planted in the great village of the Nadousioux, called Kathio, and at Songaskicous and Houetbatons, one liundred and twenty leagues distant from the former." Kev. E. D. Neill in his tliorough work relating to early explorers of Minnesota, locates this as being "one hun- dred and twenty leagues beyond Mille Lacs." Du Luth states that at one point on JMinnesota soil he found upon a tree this legend: " Arms of the King cut on this tree in the year 1679."' He established several posts, carried on trading with the Indians, and was probabh' the most prominent of the early explorers. Later he was stationed near Lake Erie and died in 1710. His reports furnish much interesting information , regarding the early explorations in the Northwest. La Salle was given a commission by the King of France in 1678 to "explore tiie West," and do limited trading. He visited various parts of the Northwest. His jeal- ousy of Du Luth appears to form a consider- al)le portion of his official reports, but it is slated on good autliority that he wrote the fii'st description of the upper Mississippi Yallev, August 22, 16S2, some montl)s before the publication of Father Hennepin's first work, "Description de la Louisiane." He must, however, have obtained his information from one of Hennepin's men. Father Louis Hennepin's explorations and adventures througli the Northwest form an interesting chapter in the earlier history of this reeion. He was a native of Ath, an in- land town of the Netherlands, and had earlj^ assumed the robes of priesthood. In 1676 lie came to Canada, and two years later "vas HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 127 orderetl to join the La Salle exploring expe- dition. A ship was rigged, and on August 7th, 1G79, its sails caught the breezes of Lake Erie — the first European vessel launched on the great lakes. La Salle con- ducted his expedition to Green Bay, tiicnce al()i\g the coast .of Lake Michigan, and al)out the middle of January, 1680, landed it on an eniinoiicc near Lake Peoria, on the Illinois Rivei', where he commenced the erection of Fort Crevecoeur. On the last of February of the same year. Father Hennepin, in company witli ^fichael Accault (Ako) and Angelle, left the fort to ascend the Mississippi Eiver. On tlie 11th of A])ril, 10«(t, after having reached a point north of the Chippewa liiver, they were met and taken charge of by a party of over a hundi'cd Sioux Indians. They then proceeded with the Indians to tiieir villages, nearly sixty leagues north of St. An- thony falls. They remained with the Indians some time, being well treated, and on the 25t]i of July, 1680, they were met by I)u Lutii, wlio was accompanied by his interpie- ter, FalTai't, and several French soldiers. They tlicn proceeded to Mille Lacs, arriving, according to Father's Hennepin writings, on the 1 1th of August, 1680. In the latter part of September they started to return to the French settlement, passing by St. Anthony falls. Father Hennepin iml)lished two works relating to his discoveries, the first, '' De- scription de la Louisiane," in 1836; the sec- ond, " The New Discovery," in 1697. These works called forth much criticism, as there can be no doubt Hennepin greatly magnified his own importance, and exaggerated his services and iliscoveries. For instance, he claims to have descended the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, before proceed- ing northward, then returned and proceeded on to the St. Anthonv falls. This in the face of his own stated facts — leaving FortCreve- ca?ur the last of February, he claims to have made this wonderful trip, and arrived two miles south of whei-e the city of St. Paul is now located, late in April, giving the 11th of xVpril as the date of their capture by the Indians. However this may be, Father Hennepin's work was not in vain, and his memory is entitled to the credit for that which he did. His publications hastened and facilitated exploration, and iiis failing — if such it was — should lie treated with charity. La Salle speaks of him highly, but charitably says, " it was his failing to magnify those adventures which concerned him.'' Dui'ing 16S-I:, Nicholas Perrot and Le Sueur visited Lake Pepin, aiul the following winter the French traded with the Indians on Minnesota soil. Perrot had been ap- pointed by the governor of Canada as the commandant for tiie AVest, and was accom- panied by twenty men. Upon his arrival he caused a stockade to be built on the east bank of Lake Pepin, which bore his name for many years. He discovered a number of lead mines, and his name figures conspicu- ously in the histor}^ of the early French ex- plorations and frontier work. Perrot re- mained for some time after building the fort, then, in 1686, returned to Green Bay. He passed much time in collecting allies for the expedition against thelrcMjUoisin Xcw York, and in the spring of 1687, was with DuLuth and Tonty with the French and Indian allies in the expedition against tiie Senecas of the Genesee Valley in "New Yoi'k. The follow- ing year he was sent with a company of Frenchmen to i-eoccupy the post on Lake Pepin, in Minnesota, and it was in 1689 that Perrot, in the- presence of Father Josejth James Marest, a Jesuit, Boisguil)lot, a trader on the "Wisconsin and J\rississippi, and Le Seur, made a formal record of taking posses- sion of the Sioux counti'v in the name of the King of France. Le Sueur, who accompanied Perrot in his first trip to Lake Pepin in 1684, was inti- mately connected with that explorer's move- 128 HISTORY OF MIXXESOTA. inents. In 1692 Le Sueur was sent by Gov. Frontenac, of Canada, to the extremity of Lake Superior to maintain jieace between tlie Indian tribes. Entering the Sioux country, in 109-1-, he established a po.stupon a prairie island, nine miles below where Hast- ings is now located. He was accompanied by Penicaut and othero. Here they estab- lished a fort and storehouse and jiassed the winter, as game was ver\' aliuiulant. On Jul}^ 15, 1695, Le Sueur went l)ack to Mon- ti-eal accompanied by a ]iarty of Ojibways, and the first Dakotah brave that ever visited Canada. Le Sueur then visited France, and in 1697 received a license to open certain mines that were supposed to exist in Minne- sota. The ship in which he was returning was captured b^' the English, and he was taken to England ; when released he returned to France and secured a new commission, but it was afterward suspended. Fortunately, D'Tlberville, a kinsman of Le Sueur, was ap- pointed governor of the new territory of Louisiana, and in December, 1699, Le Sueur ai-rived from France with thirty workmen to proceed to the mines. During the next year he ascended the Minnesota River with his expedition, and in October, ITOO, built a fort on the Blue Earth River, which he named L'Huillier. This was occupied by Le Sueur's men until 1702, when it was abandoned because of the hostility of the Indians. Charlevoix, who visited the val- ley of the lower Mississippi in 1722, says that " Le Sueur spent at least one winter in his fort on the banks of the Blue Earth, and that in the following April he went up to the mine, ahout a mile ahove, and in twenty-two days they obtained more than 30.000 ]iounds of the substance — lead." Le Sueur estimated the Sioux Indians at that time as being four thousand families. In 1703 a little volume was published in France and England by Baron La Ilon- tan, giving an account of his " travels," in which he claimed to have penetrated and pursued explorations through the territory which now 'brms Minnesota, farther than any of hi" predecessors. He states that he found a river tributary to the Mississippi, and descriljes a journey of 500 miles up this stream, which he named Long River. His wonderful stoiy was believed at the time and the river was placed upon the early maps; but in later years it was discredited and is m>\\ by the closest students and ablest historians treated as fabulous. In September, 1727, Fort Beauharnois was erected and a French post established on the shores of Lake Pepin, under the directions of Sieur de la Perriere. An extensive trade was carried on with the Indians here, and it was occupied for a number of years. In 1728 Veranderie, who had been placed in com- mand of a post on Lake Nepigon, began lay- ing plans for finding a co: iUiunication with the Pacific Ocean. An expedition was fitted out which left ilontreal in 1731, under the management of his sons and a nephew, De la Jemeraye, he not joining the party until 1733. A fourth son joined the expedition in 1735. In tlie autumn of 1731, the party reached Rainy Lake, at the foot of which a post, called Fort St. Pierre, was erected. The next year they reached Lake of the "Woods, and established Fort St. Charles on its southwest bank. A few miles from Lake Winnepeg they established a post on the Assinaboine, and a fort was established on the Maurepas (Winnepeg) River. In June, 1736, while twenty-one of the expedition were encamped on an isle in the Lake of the Woods, they were surprised by a band of Sioux Indians hostile to the French allies, and all were killed. The island on this ac- count is called Massacre Island. The re- maining portion of the expedition pro- gressed as best they could. October 3, 1738, they built an advanced post called Fort la Reine on the Assinaboine River. HIS Ton y OF MINNESOTA. 129 They came in sight of the Rocky Mountains on tlie 1st of January, 1743, and, on tlie 12th, ascended them. In 17-14, after phmt- ing a leaden plate of the arras of France in the upper Missouri Gountr\', they returned, reaching Minnesota soil late in June, and after establishing several posts in the ex- treme northern frontier country they finally returned to Montreal. Expeditions were afterward fitted out, one of which again reached the Rocky Mountains, but the clash of arms between France and England put an end to the explorations so far as the French were concerned. In 17(>3, by the treat}' of Versailles, France ceded IMinnesota east of tlie Mississippi to England and west of it to Spain. In 170(> Capt. Jonathan Carver, the first Eritish sub- jei-t, altliough a native of Connecticut, visited tiie Falls of St. Anthou}'. He spent some three years among the different tribes of Indians in the upper Mississippi country ; found tiie Indian nations at war and suc- ceeded in making peace between them. As a reward for his good offices, it is claimed that two chiefs of the Sioux, acting for their nation, at a council held with Carver at a great cave, now witliin the corporate limits of St. Paul, deeded to Carver a vast tract of land on the Mississipjii River, extending from the Falls of St. Anthony to the foot of Lake Pepin, on the Mississippi, thence east one hundred miles ; thence north one hundred and twenty miles; thence west to the place of beginning. Tiiis ])retended grant, how- ever, was examined bj"^ our government and totally ignored. At the beginning of the present century there were no white men in Minnesota, exce|)l the few engaged in the fur trade, and the posts were chiefly held by the Northwest Com- pany, which corporation in 1 7'. H erected a stnekade at Sandy I.ake. In 1S02 we find William Morrison trading at Leech Lake, and two years later at Itasca. In the meantime, in 1790, the laws of the ordinance of 17S7 had been extended over the Xorlhwest, and on May 7, 1800, that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi had become a part of In- diana by the division of Ohio. On the 20th of December, 1S03, that part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi, for forty years in tiie possession of Spain as a part of Louisiana, was ceded to the United States by Napoleon Bonaparte, who had just obtained it tiom Spain. In 1804 Upper Louisiana Territory was constituted. During the following year tlie United States for the first time sent an officer to Minnesota, in tiie [)erson of Lieut. Z. M. Pike, who estaljlished government re- lations and obtained the Fort Snellinji- i-eser- vation from the Dakotahs. He remained iiere for some time, but the war of 1S12 coming on postponed the military' occupa- tion of the upper Mississippi by the United States for several years. Pike afterward fell in battle at York, in Upper Canada. In 1817 the Earl of Selkirk, a nobleman, visited the Scotch colony on the Red River, established in 1812, and ci'cated quite an ex- citement on the part of some of the United States authorities. The same year Mayor Stephen H. Long, of the United States En- gineer Corps, visited Minnesota and made a report recommending the bluff at the junc- tion of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers as a site for a fort. In 1819 Minnesota east of the Mississijipi River became a part of Crawford Countv, Mich. During the same year Fort Snell- ing was established and the site of Mendota was occupied liy tiie United States troops, under Col. Leavenworth. Major Taliaferro was a]>[)i)iiit('(I Indian agent. During the year 1S20 much of interest transpired on Minnesota soil. Early in the spring Jean Baptiste Faribault brouglit Leavenworth's horses from PrairieduChien. On the 5th of May Col. Leavenworth estab- lished summer quarters at Camp Coldwater, 130 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. (Hennepin County). In July Gov. Cass, of Michigan, visited the camps. In August Col. Joshia ISnelling succeeded Leavenworth in command, and on the 20th of September the corner-stone of Fort Snelling (then Fort St. Anthony) was laid. On the 15th of April the superintendent of farming for Earl Sel- kirk left Prairie du Chien, having purchased seed wheat ; he ascended the Minnesota Piiver to Pig Stone Lake, where the boats were placed on rollers, dragged a short dis- tance to Lake Traverse, and reached Pembina June 3. This year the first marriage in Minnesota occurred, Lieut. Green to a daughtei' of Capt. Gooding. The first birth of a white child in the State occurred tliis year, a daughter to Col. Snelling; died the following year. In 18'21 Fort St. Anthony (Snelling) was sufficiently completed to be occupied by troops. During this year a sawmill was constructed at St. Anthony Falls for the use of the gai'rison under the supervision of Lieut. McCabe. Nothing of particular interest transpired during 1822. In 1823, however, the first steamboat, the Virginia, arrived at the mouth of the Minnesota River on the 10th of May, and created consternation among the Indians. Beltrami, the Italian, during the same year explored the northernmost sources of the Mississip]ii, and Maj. Long, of the United States army, visited the northern boundary by way of the Minnesota and Eed rivers. Millstones for grinding flour were sent to St. Anthony to be placed in the sawmill. In 182-1 Gen. Winfield Scott visited Fort St. Anthony, and at his suggestion the name was changed to Fort Snelling. After this time events crowd rapidly one after tlie other to fill in the time. From 1825 on, the arrival of steamboats became more frecpient. During this year a heavy Hood visiteil the Ped Piver, and a portion of the colony were driven to Minnesota and settled near Fort Snelling. In 1832 Schoolcraft explored the sources of the Mississippi Piver, and during the fol- lowing year Pev. "W. T. Boutwell established the first mission among the Ojibways on Leech Lake. About the same time E. F. Ely opened a mission school at Atkins, a trading- post on Sandy Lake. That portion of Minnesota lying west of the Mississippi Piver was attached to Michi- gan in 1834. During this j'ear Gen. H. II. Sibley settled at Mendota as agent for the fur comjianv, and Samuel W. and Gideon 11. Pond, missionaries among the Sioux, ar- rived. They were followed tlie next year by T. S. Williamson. J. D. Stevens and Alex- ander G. Iluggins, and in June, 183.5, a Presbyterian Church was organized at Fort Snelling. Late the same j'ear Maj. J. L. Pean, in accordance with the treaty of 1S2."J. survej'ed the Sioux and Chippeway bound- ary line as far as Otter Tail Lake. In 1836 the Territory of Wisconsin was organized, embracing all of Minnesota east of the Mississippi Piver; that territory west of the river being attached to Iowa. A number of steamboats arrived during this year, a passenger on one of them being the distinguished French astronomer, Jean N. Nicollet. In 1837 Gov. Dodge, of Wisconsin, made a treaty at Fort Snelling with the Ojib- wa\-s, by which the latter ceded all their pine lands on the St. Croix and its tributaries ; a treaty was also effected at Washington with a deputation of Dakotahs for their pine lands east of the Mississippi. These treaties led the way to the first actual settlements in the State. The treaty was ratilied by (Jon- gress in 1838. At about this time Franklin Steele made a claim at St. Anthony Falls; Pierre Parrant took a claim and built a cabin on the present site of St. Paul ; Jeremiah Pussell and L. W. Stratton made the first claim at Marine in the St. Croix Valley. During the year 1838 a steamboat arrived at Fort Snelling with J. N. Nicollet and J. C. HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. J31 Fremont on a scientific expedition. Develop- ment begins in the St. Croix Valle}^ The noxt \'ear tiie ciiapel of '"St. Paul" was built and consecrated, giving the name to the capital of the State. ITeiii'v M. Eice arrived at Fort Snelling in 1S-±U, others came and in Novendjci', 1S41, St. Croix Counter -was established with " Dakotah " designated as the county-seat. On the 10th of October, 1843, a settlement was commenced on the present site of the city of Stillwater, and the erection of a saw- mill was immediately commenced. The names of the town proprietors were : John McKusick, from Maine ; Calvin Leach, from Vermont ; Elam Greele}', from Maine and Elias McKeane, from Pennsylvania. Dr. E. D. Neill in his " Explorers and Pio- neers of Minnesota," says that in 1846 " the site of St. Paul was chiefly occui>ied by a few shanties, owned by •cei'tain lewd fellows of the baser sort,' who sold rum to the sol- diers and Indians."' On the 6th of August, 1846, the Wisconsin enabling act was passed. In 1S47 St. Ci-oix County was detnchcd from Crawford County, Wis., and reoi-gan- ized for civil and judicial purposes with Still- water as the county-seat. The town of St. I'aul was surveyed and platted, and recorded in St. Croix County. During this year the Wisconsin constitutional convention was held. On the 29th of May, 1848, Wisconsin was admitted to the Union, leaving Minnesota (with its present boundaries) without a gov- ernment, and on the 26th of the following August a convention was held at Stillwater to take measures foi- a separate tei-ritorial or- ganization. On the 30th of October, 1848, Henry II. Sible}' was elected delegate to Congress, and he was admitted to a seat January 15, 1849. March 3d, 1849, a bill was passed organizing ilinnesota Territory, and on the 10th of the same month territo- rial ollicers were appointed. .lune Isl Gov. Ramsey issued a proclamation declaring the territory organized, and on September 3d the first territorial Legislature assembled. In 1851 the capital of the Stat(Mvas i)ermanent- ly located, as was also the penitentiary. In June, 1854, the first line of railway wascom- ]Jeted to St. Paul. On the 23d of February, 1857, an act passed the United States Senate, to author- ize the people of Minnesota to form a consti- tution, preparatory to their admission to the Union. In June a constitutional convention was held, and the State constitution was framed. This was adopted on the 13th of October, 1857, and a full list of State officers was elected. On the 11th of May, 1858, the President approved of the bill admitting the State, and Minnesota was fully recognized as one of the United States of America. The first State officers wei'e sworn in on the 24tli of May. From this time on we can only bi'ielly re- view the most impoi'tant events tliiit have transpii'cd. A great tide; of immigration had set in eiirly in the "fifties," which raindly lilled u]) portions of the State, until in l.s.J7 a census gave the State a total population of 150,037. During that year, however, real estate speculation reached a climax, and the terrible financial panic occurred which great- ly retarded the settlement. In 1858 the State loan of $250,000 was negotiated ; five million loan bill was passed, being voted on Ajjril 15; great strin- gency in money market. During 1859 the hard times continued to intensify. "Wriglit County War" oc- curred ; " Glencoo" and "Owatoniia" money was issued ; work on the land grant roads ceased; collapse of the five million scheme; first export of grain that fall; liard jiolitical struggle, in which the Republicans tri- umphed. Another warm political canvass occurred in 1860; the census taken this year gave the State a total i)opulation of 172,123. HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. In 1861 war cast its gloom over the coun- try ; on April 13th the President's proclama- tion for troops was received ; the first regi- ment recruited at once, and June 22d it em- barked at Fort Snelling for the seat of war. In 1862 occurred the memorable Sioux outbreak ; August ITth, massacre at Acton ; August 18th, outbreak at Lo\ver Sioux Agency; lOtli, New Ulm attacked ; 20th, Fo]'t Ridgely attacked ; 25th, second attack on New Ulm ; 30th, Fort Abercrombie be- sieged ; September 1st, the bloody affair at Birch Coolie; 19th, first railroad in Minne- sota in o]ieration, between St. Paul and Minnea])olis ; 22(1, l^attle of "Wood Lake ; 26th, ca]itives surrendered by the Indians at Camp Release; military commission tried 321 Indians for murder, 303 condemned to die; December 26th, thirty-eight hung at Mankato. In 1863 Gen. Sibley conducted an expedi- tion to the Missouri River ; July 3d, Little Crow was killed ; July 24th, battle of Big Mound ; 26th, battle of Dead Buffalo Lake ; July 28th, battle of Stony Lake. In 18C-i the civil war was still in progress, and large levies for troops were made in Minnesota; expedition lo Missouri River, un- der Sully ; inflation of money market ; occa- sional Indian raids. In 1865 the war closed and peace returns ; Minnesota regiments return and are dis- banded ; in al!. 25,052 troops were fufnished by the State ; census showed 250,000 inhabi- tants. After the close of the war, and from 1866 until 1872, " good times " prevailed ; immigra- tion was very heavy, and real estate and all values were inflated. The western por- j tion of the State received many settlers. Railway construction was very active. In 1873 the famous grasshopper raid began throughout the western part of the State, and continued about five seasons. January 7-8-9 of this year, a terrible storm swept over the State, in which seventy persons per- ished. In September of the ^ame year, the financial "panic of 1873 " began. In 1874 and 1S75 nothing of especial im- portance occurred. On the 7th of September, 1876, an attack was made on the Bank of Xortiifield by a gang of armed outlaws from Missouri ; three of the latter were killed, and three were ca])t- ured. In 1877 biennial sessions amendment was adopted. In 1878 (May 2), three flouring mills at Minneapolis exploded, and eighteen lives lost. On November 15th. 1880, a portion of the hospital for the insane, at St. Peter, was de- stroyed b}- fire; eigliteen inmates were burned to death, seven died subsequently of injuries and fright, and six were missing. Total loss was .^150,000. In 1881 the State capitol at St. Paul was destroyed by fii-e. In 1884: tlie State prison, located at Still- water, was partly burned. In 1886 (April 14). a cyclone swept over St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids, demolishing scores of buildings, and killing about seventy people. CHAPTER III. THE INDIAN MASSACEE. HE outbreak of tlie Indians in 1S02 furnislies one of tlie most interesting chapters in I\[inneso- ta's liistorv. At tlie time of this sad tragedy tliere were scat- tered tiiroughout the State vari- ous bands of Sioux Indians, a powerful and warlike nation. They included the Medawakontons (or Village of the Spirit Lake) ; ^Yapatons, (or Village of tiie Leaves) ; Sissetons (or Village of the Marsli). anil Wapakutas (or Leaf Shooters). These four tribes, numbering about six thou- sand and two hundred persons, comprised the entire annuity Sioux of Minnesota. All tiiese Indians had from time to time, from tlie 19tli of July, 1S15, to the date of the massacre in 1802. received presents from the government, by virtue of various treaties of amity and friendship. From the time of the treaty of St. Louis in ISKJ, these tribes had remained friendly to the whites, and had l)y treaty stipulations parted with all tlie lands to which tiiey claimed title in Iowa ; all on the east side of the Mississippi River, and all on the Minnesota River in Minnesota, except certain reservations. One of these reservations lay upon both sides of the Minnesota ten miles on eiiher side of that stream, from Hawk River on the nortii to Yellow Medicine River on the south side, thence westerly to the head of Big Stone Lake and Lake Traverse, a distance of about one hundi-ed miles. Another of these reserva- tions commenced at Little Rock River on the east and a line running due south from its mouth, and extending up the river westerly to the eastern line of the reserva- tion first named, at the Hawk and Yellow Medicine rivers. The last also had a width of ten miles on eacli side of the Minnesota River. Early in 1858 a scheme was devised l)y the authorities at Washington for the civili- zation of these annuity Indians. A civiliza- tion fund was providetl, to be taken from their annuities and expended in inipioving the lands of such as should abandon their tribal relations and adopt the liabits and modes of life of the wliites. To all such, lands were assigned in severalty, eighty acres to the head of each family, on which sliould be erected the necessary farm buildings, and farming implements and cattle furnished him. At the time of the outbreak about one hundred and seventy-five Indians had taken advantage of the provisions of this treaty and become " farmer Indians." A great majority of the Indians, however, disliked the idea of taking any portion of their gen- eral fund to carry out the civilization scheme. Those who retained the blanket, called "blanket Indians," denounced the measure as a fraud, as it was slowly but surely destroying what was, to them, their God- given right to the chase. The result, in brief, of this civilization scheme was this : After the chase was over the "blanket Indians" would pitcli their tents about the homes of the "farmer Indians" and proceed to eat them out of house and home, and when the ruin was complete, the "farmer" with his wife and children, driven by necessity, would again seek temporary sul)sistence in the chase. During their absence the "blanket Indians" would commit whatever destruc- 1S3 134 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. tion of fences or tenements their desires or necessities would sugo-est. In this wav the an- OCT 1. nual process continued, so that when the "farmer Indian" returned to his desolate home in the spring to prepare again for a cro]3, he looked forward to no different re- sults for the coming winter. It will thus be seen that the civilization scheme was an ut- ter failure. The treaty referred to, of 1858, had opened for settlement a vast frontier country of the most attractive character in the valley of the Minnesota River, and on the streams put- ting into the Minnesota on either side, such as Beaver Creek, Sacred Heart, Hawk and Ciiippewa rivers, and some other small streams, there were flourishing settlements of white families. Within this ceded tract, ten miles wide, were the scattered settle- ments of Birch Coolie, Patterson Eapids, and others as far up as the upper agency at Yellow Medicine, in Renville County. The county of Brown adjoined the reservation, and was at that time settled mostly by Ger- mans. Here was also the flourishing town of New Ulm, and further on was a thriving settlement on the Big Cottonwood and Watonwan. Other counties, Blue Earth, Nicollet, Sibley, Meeker, McLeod, Kandiyohi, Monongalia and Muri'ay, together with others somewhat removed from the direct attack of the Indians, as Wright, Stearns and Jackson, and even reaching on the north to Fort Abercrombie, thus extending from Iowa to the valley of the Red River of the North, were severally involved in the consequences of the warfare of 1862. This extended area had a population estimated at over fifty thousand. Early in the fifties complaints began to be made l)y the Indians, and dissatisfaction be- gan to be manifest. By the treaty of Trav- erse des Sioux, dated July 23, 1851, between the United States and the Sissetons and Wapatons, $275,000 was to be paid their chiefs, and a further sum of $30,000 was to be expended for their benefit in Indian im- provements. By the treaty of Mendota, dated August 5, 1851, the Medawakantons and Wapakutas were to receive the sum of 8200,000, to be paid to their chief, and a fur- ther sum of $30,000. These several sums amounting in the aggregate to $550,000, these Indians, to whom they were payable, claim they Avere never paid, except perhaps a small portion expended in im[)i'oveinents. This led to great dissatisfaction, of which the government was fully apprised. Several parties were at different times sent out by th« Indian department of the government to in- vestigate into the causes, but the rascality of the agents and officers who had defrauded the Indians had been carefully covered up, and as usual in such cases the guilty parties were exculpated. Tliis was one of the lead- ing and most important causes whicii led to the massacre of 1862. Another cause of irritation among these annuity Sioux arose out of the Spirit Lake massacre of 1857 — known as the Inkpadutah massacre. Inkpadutah was an outlaw of the Wapakuta band of Sioux Indians, and his acts were entirely disclaimed by the " an- nuity Sioux."' He had committed murder in his own trilje some twenty years previous, and since had ledawanderinji'andmarautlino: life about the headwaters of the Des Moines River and westward to Dakota. Finally his outrages reached aclimax, when early in 1857 with a few of his followers, he proceeded to murder evei'y family in the little settlement about Spirit Lake, Iowa, except four women whom the}' bore away captives. From there they went to the Springfield settlement (on the present site of Jackson, Minn.), where they murdered seventeen people, making a total of forty seven persons killed. They then re- treated westward. Shortly after the mas- sacre at Springfield (now Jackson) a com- 2)any of regular soldiers under Capt. Bee HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 135 was stationed at that place, and had the otticei' been a zealous or capable one miglit easily have overtaken and punisiied them. Asstateii the" annuity Sioux "(lischiinied the acts of this outlaw ; but for a time the gov- ernment refused to pay the annuities until they should deliver up the murderers. In a short time, however, the government let the matter drop, and continued to pay the an- nuities as before. Some thought that this was a great error and that the Indians mis- took it for a sign of weakness. However that may be, as time went on the Intlians became more and more insolent, and Little Crow, together with a few leaders among the annuity Sioux, from the time the government ceased its efforts to punish Ink- padutah, began to agitate and plan the great conspii'acy to ermission to hold a dance anil feast in the fort. They were allowed to hold the dance outside the fort, but Sergeant Jones, with singular foresight, mounted a howitzer charged with shell and canister-shot and guarded the entrance, having it pointed toward the Indians. After finishing the dance the red-skins left without making the attack, which had undoubtedly been medi- tated. Only thirty soldiers occupied the post at Fort Eidgely, and this was deemed amply sufficient for times of peace. On the same day a gi'cat many Indians were encamped about the Upper Agency. They were afraid they would not get their annuity money, which had not arrived as yet. They had been complaining bitterly of starvation, and on this day made an attack on the warehouse, carrying off a great deal of flour ami other provisions. The matter, however, was finally adjusted, and the agent issued rations, promising to distribute their money as soon as it should arrive. K^one of the Indians, however, were ])unished for their attack on the supply house. We now come to the massacre itself, the first blow of which fell upon the town of Acton, in Meeker County, about thirty-five miles northeast of the Lower Sioux Agency. On Sunday, August 17, 1862, six Sioux In dians brutally murdered a man named Jones, with his wife and a daughter, and a man named Webster and Howard Baker. On the next day, Mondav, the massacre at the Lower Agency occurred, where many were killed and fearfully mutilated. A few escaped and made their way to the eastern settlements. The Indians declared it to be tlieir intention to kill or drive off all the wliites to the east of the ^Mississippi River, and to spare none. All tliat day the work of plunder went on at the lower agency, and when the stores and dwellings had been emptied, they were fired. So complete was the surprise and so sudden and unexpected the terrible blow that not a single one of the host of savages was slain. In thirty min- utes from tlie time the first gun was fired not a white person was left alive. Ail were either weltering in their gore or had fled in fear and terror from that place of death. It seems that iuindrcds of the In- dians had gathered here and then dispersed I3S HISTORY OF M/.Y.VESOTA. through the scattered settlements for their murderous work. On the same mornincr — of August IS — the massacre began on the north side of the Minnesota River, from Birch Coolie to Beaver Creek and bevond, and the re<;'ion was strewn with the mutilated bodies of the dead and dying men, women and children. So the terrible warfare continued, murder- ing and burning ; none were allowed to es- cape who could possibly be discovered. The outbreak extended ovei-a vast scope of coun- try, and the Indians numbered well up into the thousands. The entire length of the Minnesota and its tributaries, and out into Dakota, together with all the western part of this State was the scene ever\'where of a carnival of blood. The counties affected have already been named. On the ISth of August the Indians at- tacked New Ulm, and after several battles and skirmishes were defeated. A few days later tlie whites evacuated the town and moved toward Mankato. On the ISth of August the battle at Lower Agency Ferry was fought. On the 20th, seeing they were foiled in their attack on New Ulm, they made a furious assault on Fort Ridgely. A number of whites were killed and wounded, but the Indians were defeated. The attack was re- newed on the 22d and another severe battle occurred, which was ended by night coming on. Numerous engagements were also fought in the northern part of the State. Throuohout all the Minnesota River coun- try many women and children were taken prisoners. In the meantime companies had been raised and were everywhere following- up the Indians and guarding the various posts at which the settlers had gathered. These various companies had also picked up a great ninny wounded found on tlie prairies. and also buried the dead. On the 1st of Septe.uber, Compau}' A, Sixth Regiment Minnesota Vol- unteers, under Capt. H. P. Grant, fought the battle of Birch Coolie, a most terrible and blood}' engagement. The noble little band of soldiers were relieved on September 3, by an advance movement of Col. Sibley's forces at Fort Ridgely. The signal tlefeat of Little Crow at this battle, in effect, ended the efforts of the Indians in subduing the whites on the border. After this battle all of the Indian forces under Little Crow be- /an a retreat up the valley of the Minnesota toward Yellow Medicine; and on Septem- ber 16, Col. Sibley, with his whole column, moved in pursuit of the fleeing foe, and on the 23d they came up with the Indians and defeated them in the battle of Wood Lake. This put an end to the hopes of Little Crow. On the same day as the battle of Wood Lake, the Wapeton band of Indians surrendered later and turned over to Col. Sibley all the captives — 107 whites and 102 half-breeds. This place has since been known as '• Camp Release." After the disaster at Wood Lake, Little Crow retreated in the direction of Big Stone Lake, with those who remained with iiini. The chief was never captured, but is said to have been killed at Scattered Lake in 1863. Col. Sibley continued to pursue the deserting Indians, and demanded the surrender of all bands. By the Sth of October, 1862, prison- ers had come in and surrendered to the num- ber of 2,000. Scouting ]iarties were sent over various parts of the West, and, until all danger of further depredations was ] ast, soldiers were stationed at all of the frontier posts and settlements. A military commission was soon after inaugurated to try the parties charged with murder of white persons. On the 5th of November, 1862, 321 Indians and their allies were found guilty, and 303 were recom- mended for capital punishment, and the others for imprisonment. They were im- JUS roK y of mi.vneso ta. 139 mediately removed under a guard of 1,500 men to South Bend, on the Minnesota River, to await fui'ther orders from the govern- ment. Tlfe final decision of the President was rendered on the ITth of December, 1862, orderin": that forty of these be huno; on Fri- day, December 26. One of these died a short time before the day set, and one other, a lialf ])reed, had his sonfonce conimiited to imprisonment for life just before the fatal day. As to the other thirty-eight the sen- tence was executed at Mankato on the day set. On the 16th of February, 1SG3, the trea- ties before that time existing between the United States and these "annuity Indians" were abrogated and annulled, and all lands and rights of occupancy, and all annuities and claims then existing in favor of said Indians, weredeclarcd forfeited. Thusended the saddest chapter ot Minnesota's history. CHAPTER IV. TEREITORIAL AND STATE OFFICERS. TERKITOEIAL OFFICERS. HE first governor of the Ten'i- tor\' of Minnesota was Alexander Ramsey, who served from June 1, 1S49, to May 15, 1853. WiUis A. Gorman succeeded him, and held the office until April 23) 1857. Samuel Medary was the next territorial governor, and held the office until the State officers were sworn in. May 24, 1858. The first secretary of the Territory was Charles K. Smith, who served from June 1, ISiO, until October 23, 1851, when Alexander "Willvin qualified and held the office until May 15, 1853. Joseph Travis Rosser was the next, and served until April 23, 1857. Charles L. Chase, the last territorial sec- retary, qualitied on tlic date last named and served until succeeded l)y the newly chosen secretary of state, May 24, 1858. The office of territorial treasurer was first filled by Calvin A. Tuttle, who served from November 3, 1849, to July 2, 1853. George W. Prescott came next and retained the position until February 24, 1854. Succeed- ing him Charles E. Leonard served until May 7, 1857, when George W. Armstrong was appointed and served until the State officers qualified, May 24, 1858. J. E. McKusick was the first territorial auditor, qualifying November 3, 1849, and serving until November 30, 1852. A. Van Vorhees succeeded him and held the office until the 15th of May, 1853, when Socrates Nelson qualified. Januarj^ 17, 1854, Julius Georgii took chai'ge of the office and served iintil succeeded by the State auditor, May 24, 1858. During the existence of the Territory of Minnesota, Lorenzo A. Babcock and then Lafayette Emmett were the only ones to hold the office of attorney general. The first named served from June 1, 1849, until May 15, 1853, and the latter from 1853 until May 24, 1858. In territorial times there were no district judges, but the justices of the supreme court attended to all judicial matters now within the jurisdiction of the district bench. The first chief justice of the territorial supreme court was Aaron Goodrich, who served from June 1, 1849, to November 13, 1851, when Jerome Fuller was appointed and presided until December Ifi, 1852. Henry Z. Ilayner was next appointed, but never presided at a- term of court. William H. Welch was ap- pointed April 7, 1853, and served until May 24, 1858. David Cooper and Bradley B. Meeker were the first associate justices, and served from June 1, 1849, until April 7, 1853. Their successors were Andrew G. Chatfield and Moses G. Sherburne, who retained the positions until April, 1857, and were fol- lowed by R. R. Nelson and Charles E. Flandrau, who served until the State officers quabfied. The clerks of the territorial sujireme court were : James K. Humphrey, Andrew J. Whit- ney and George W. Prescott, in the order named. The reporters were : William Hol- linshead, Isaac Atwater, John B. Brisbin, M. E. Ames and Harvey Officer. Henry H. Sibley was the fii'st delegate from the Territory to Congress, serving from January 15, 1849, to March 4, 1853. Henry uo HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 141 M. Rice was the second, serving from De- coinluM- 5, 1853, to March 4, 1857. wlicu he was succoodod by W. W. Kingsl)in'v, who qualilied Deconiber 7, 1857, and whose term expired May 11, 1858. STATE OFFICEKS. Tlio governors of the State of Minnesota, in their order iiave been as follows: Henry II. Sibley, from May 2-1, 1858, to January 2, 1860 ; Alexander liamsey, to July 10, 1863 ; Henry A. Swift, to January 11, 1864; Stepiien Miller, during 1864-5 ; William E. Mai'shall, during 1866-7-8-9 ; Horace Aus- tin, during 1870-1-2-3; Caslmian K. Davis, during 1874-5; John S. PiUsbury, during 1S76-7-8-9-S0-81 ; Lucius F. Hubbard, dur- ing 1882-3-4-5-6, and A. R. McGill, the jirescnt governor, who assumed the duties of the ollii'e January 5, 1887. The lieutenant governors since the organ- ization of the State have been as follows : William Ilolcomb, from ilay 24, 1858, to January 'J, 1860; Ignatius Donnell}', to Mareh 3, 1863 ; Henry A. Swift, to July 10, 18(!3; Charles D.Sherwood, during 1864-5; Thomas H. Armstrong, during 1866-7-8-9 ; William II. Yale, during 1870-1-2-3; Al- phonzo Barto, during 1874-5 ; James E. Wakefield, during 1876-7-8-9 ; C. A. Gill- man, during 1880-1-2-3-4-5-6, and A. E. Rice, who qualified January 4, 1887. The office of secretary of State has been filled successively" by the following gen- tlemen : Francis Baasen, from Ma\' 24, 1858, to January 2, I861) ; James 11. Baker, to November 17, 1862 ; David Blakely, to Janu- ary 8, 1866; Henry C. Rogers, during the years 1866-7-8-9 ; Hans Mattson, during 1870-1 ; S. P. Jennison, during 1872-3-4-5 ; John S. Irgens, during 1876-7-8-9; Fred. Von BaumiKich, during 1880-1-2-3-4-5-6, and Hans Mattson, during 1887-8. The State treasurers have been as follows: George W. Armstrong, from May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860; Charles Scheffer, during 1860-1-2-3-4-5-6-7; Emil Munch, during 1868-9-70-1 ; William Seegei', fi'om January 5, 1872. to February 7, 1873 ; Edwin AV. Dyke, to January 7, 1876 ; William Pfaender, dur- ing 1876-7-8-9 ; Charles Kittelson, during 1880-1-2-3-4-5-6, and J(jseph Bobleter, tlu; present treasurer, who was elected for 1887-8. The auditors of State have been as fol- lows : W. F. Dunbar, from May 24, 1858, to January 1, 18(;i ; Charles Mcllrath to January 13, 1873; O. P. Whilcomb, to Jan- uary 10, 1882, and W. W. Braden, who is the present incumbent of the office. The office of attorney general has been filled as follows : Charles H. Berry, served from May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860; Gor- don E. Cole, served during 1860-1-2-3-4-5 ; AVilliam Colville, during 1866-7; F. R. E. Cornell, during 1868-9-70-1-2-3 ; George P. AViison, during 1874-5-6-7-8-9 ; Charles M. Stai't, from January 10, 1880, to March 11, 1881 ; W. J. Hahn, to Januaiy 5, 1887, and Moses E. Clapp. tlu^ present attorney general. The present Ijoiird of I'ailroad commission- ers is made up of Horace Austin, John L. Gibbs and George L. Becker. Those who have composed the board in the past were: A. J. Edgerton, AV. R. Marshall, J. J. Ran- dall, J. II. Baker and S. S. ]\[urdoek. Edward D. Neill was the first superintend- ent of public instruction for Minnesota. He was appointed in March, 1860, and on the 1st of July, 1861, was succeeded by B. F. Crary. From 1862 to 1867 the secretary of State was ex-officio .superintendent, but on April 1, 1867, M. H. Dunnell was appointed superintendent, and served until August, 1870, when he was succeeded by II. B. AVii- son. April 3, 1875, David Burt was ap- pointed superintendent, and retained the office until succeeded by the present incum- bent, D. L. Iviehl, who was apjiointed Sep- tember 1, 1881. 142 HISTORY Of .MIXNESOTA. The office of insurance commissioner has been held in turn by Pennock Pusey. A. P. McGill and Charles Shandrew ; the last named gentleman having been appointed January 6, 1887, is the present commissioner. The commissioners of statistics liave been as follows : J. A. Wheelock, Pennock Pusev, C. F. Solberg, J. B. Phillips, T. M. Metcalf, J. P. Jacoljson, F. Sneedorff, Oscar IMalmros, A. F. JSTordin, Victor Hjortsberg and Her- man Stockenstrom. The following is a list of the gentlemen who have iilled the office of adjutant-gen- eral : Alex. C. Jones, W. H. Acker, John B. Sanborn, Oscar Mahnros, John Peller, PI. P. Van Cleve, M. D. Flower, H. A. Castle, H. P. Van Cleve, A. C. Hawley, C. M. McCar- tliy and F. W. Seeley. JUDICIARY. The first chief justice of the supreme court of the State was Lafayette Emmett, who was sworn in May 24, 1858, and served until January 10, 1865. Thomas Wilson suc- ceeded him and served until July 14, ISfiO, when he was succeeded bv James Gillillan. Christopher G. Piplej' was the next, holding the oosition from Januar}' 7, 1870, until April 7, 1874, when he was followed by S. J. P. McMillan, who served until March 10, 1875. At that time James Gilfillan became chief justice, and is the present incuml)ent. The following statements will show the associate justices, together with the date of qualification of each : Charles E. Flaiidrau and Isaac Atwater served fi'om IMav 24, 1858, to July 6, 1864; S. J. K. McMillan from July C,"^1864, to April 7, 1874; Thonuxs Wilson from July 6, 1864, to January -10, 1865 ; George B. Young fi'om April 16, 1874, to January 11, 1875 ; F. Pt. E. Cornell from January 11, 1875, to May 23, 1881, and Greenleaf Clark from March 14, 1881, to January 12, 1882. The jn-esent associate justices are John M. Berry, who first quali- fied January 10, 1865 ; D. A. Dickinson, since June 27, 1881; William Mitchell, since March 14, 1881, and C. E. Vanch^rburgh, since January 12, 1882. As to district courts, the State is now divided into thirteen districts. CHAPTER V. REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, AND THE CREATION OF COUNTIES. lENATORS. ThefirstUnited States Senators from Minnesota were James Shields and lleniy M. Rice, who took the oath of office May 11. 1S5S. Tlie former was suc- ceeded on ]\[arch -ftli, ISfio, by ]\[orton S. Wilkinson, who served the full term. Daniel S. Norton was swoi-n in to succeed AYilkin- son, March 4, ISO", and died while in office, July 14, 1870. O. P. Stearns was appointed, and served out the few weeks left of the term. William Win- dom came next, and retained the office until March 12, 1S81, when lie was succeeded by A. J. Edgerton, who resigned, however, in October of the same 3'ear, and William Win- dom was again chosen, serving until suc- ceeded by one of the present Senators, D. M. Sabin, March 4, 1883. Ileni'y M. Rice, who was mentioned as a colleague of James Shiekis, served as United States Senator from May 11, 1858, to JIarch 4. 1803, when Alexander Ramsey succeeded him, and retained the position until l\[arch 4, 1875. S. J. R. McMillan became United States Senator on the day last named, and occupied tiie position for two full terms — twelve years — being succeeded March 4, 1887, by Cushman K. Davis, one of the present Senators. EEPRf:SENTATrrES IN CONGRESS. The territorial delegates have already been spoken of. When the State of Minnesota was organized, it was entitled to two represent- atives in the House of Representatives of the United States. This state of affairs con- tinued until 1871, wlien a reapportionment was made, and the State was allowed three members of the House. At that time the State was divided into three congressional districts — No. 1, embi'acing the southern. No. 2 the central, and No. 3 the northern portion of the State. In 1881 another ap- portionment was made, by which the State secured five Representatives. This is the present 'status of the representation. The State is divided into five congressional dis- tricts, as follows : The first district includes Houston, Fillmore, Mower, Freeborn, Steele, Dodge, Olmsted, Winona and Wabasha counties ; the second district includes Fari- bault, Blue Earth, Waseca, Watonwan, Mar- tin, Cottonwood, Jackson, Murray, Nobles, Rock, Pipestone, Lincoln, Lyon, Redwood, Brown, Nicollet, Yellow Medicine, Lac qui Parle. Sibley and Le Sueur counties ; the third district embraces Goodhue, Rice, Swift, Dakota, Scott, Carver, McLeod, Meeker, Kandiyohi, Renville and Chi])pewa counties; the fourth district includes Washington, Ramsey, Hennei)in, Wright, Pine, Kanabec, Anoka, Chisago, Isanti and Sherhui-ne coun- ties, and the fifth district includes Mille Lacs, Benton, Morrison, Stearns, Pope, Douglas, Stevens, Big Stone, Traverse, Grant, Todd, w '44 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. Crow Win^, Aitkin, Carlton, "Wadena. Otter Tail, Wilkin, Cass, Becker, Clay, Polk, Bel- trami, Mai'shall, Hubbard, Kittson, Itasca, St. Louis, Lake and Cook counties. Tlie following is a list of the various gen- tlemen who have represented Minnesota in the lower house of Congress, with the years during which they served. With one or two exceptions, the tenn of office began and closed March 4th. W. W. Bhelps, 1858-9 ; J. M. Cavenaugh, 1858; William Windom, 1860-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8; Cyrus Aldrich, 1860-1-2; Ignatius Donnelly, 1864-5-6-7-8; M. S. Wilkinson, 1869-70; E. M. Wilson, 1869-70 ; John T. Averill, 1871-2- 3-4 ; M. II. Bunnell, from 1871 to 1883 ; II. B. Straight, 1874-5-6-7-8; William S. King, 1876 ; J. IT. Stewart, 1878 ; Henry Poehler, 1879-80; H. B. Straight, 1881-2-3-4-5-6; W. .p. Washburn, 1879-80-1-2-3-4 ; Milo White, 1883-4-5-6; J. B. Wakefield, 1883-4-5-6; Knute Xelson, 1883-4-5-6-7-8; J. B. Giltillan. 1885-6; Thomas Wilson, 1887-8; John Lind, 1887-8 ; John L. McDonald, 1887-8 ; Edmund Rice, 1S87-8. CREATION OF COUNTIES. In this connection we present a list of tlie counties of Minnesota, together with the date on which they were created by the terri- torial or State Legislatures, viz.: Aitkin, May 23, 1857, Marsliall, February 25, 1879, Auoka, May 23, 1857, Becker, March 18, 1858 Beltrami, F'bru'ry 28, 1866 Beuton, October 27, 1849, Big Stoue. F'br'ry 20, 1863, Blue Earth. March 5, 1853, Brown, February 20. 18.55, Carltou, May 23. 18.57, Carver, February 20, 1855, Cass, September 1, 1851, Chippewa, F'br'ry 20, 1802, Chisago, September 1, 1851, Clay, JIarch 2, 1862. Cook, March 9. 1874, Cottonwood, May 23, 1857, Crow Wing. May 23, 18,57, Dakota, October 27, 1849, Dodge, February 20, 1855, Douglas. JIarch 8. 1858, Faribault, F'l)r'ry 20. 18.55, Fillmore, March 5, 18.53, Freeborn, F'br'ry, 20, 1855, Goodhue, March 5, 1853, Grant, March 6, 1868, Hennepin, March 6, 1852, Houston, Feb'ry 23, 18.54, IIubl)ard. Feb'y 26. 1883. Isanti, February 13, 18.57, Itasca. October 29, 1849, Jackson, May 23, 1857. Kanabec. March 13. 18.58, Kandiyohi, March 20, 1S.58, Kittson, February 25, 1879, Lac qui Parle, Nov. 3, 1871, Lake, March 1, 1856, Le Sueur, March 5, 1853, Lincoln, March 6.1873. Lyon, November 2. 1869, McLeod, March 1, 1856, Martin, May 23, 1857, Jleeker, February 23, 1856, , Mille Lacs, May 23, 1857, Morrison, Febr'ry 25, 18.58, Mower, February 20, 1855, Murray, May 23. 18.57, Nicollet, March 5, 18.53, Nobles, May 23. 1857. Norman, Nov'mb'r29, 1881, Olmsted, February 20, 18.55, Otter Tail. March 18, 18.58, Pine, March 31, 1856, Pipestone, May 23, 1857, Polk, July 20, 1858, Pope, February 20, 1862, Ramsey, October 27, 1849,. Redwood, February 6, 1862, Renville, February 20, 1855, Rice, March 5, 18.53, Rock, March 23, 18.57, St. Louis, March 1, 1856, Scott, March 5, 18.58, Sherburne, Feb'y 25, 1856 Sibley, March 5, 1853, Stearns, February 20, 1855, Steele, February 20, 18.55, Stevens, February 20, 1800, Swift, March 4, 1870, Todd, February 20, 1862. Travers, February 20, 1863, Wabasha, October 27, 1849, Wadena, July 11. 18.58, Waseca, February 27, 1857, Washington, Oct. 27, 1849, Watonwan, Nov. 6, 1860, Wilkin, March C, 1868, Winona, February 23, 1849, Wright, February 20, 18.55, Yellow Medicine, Novem- bers, 1871. ^^1^^ fv. Mf c^PQPE COUNTY ^-^o £SQTA, l^^^-q)-^' ^7<' ^^^~ #1 Mf# |^r<#^^^tV^^ ""X_ 2^. ^^ ^HISTORICAL POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 149 >1^- ,.,^tiv. -.^.(ir Er^ErAzy,^s^&i^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^s:>k Descriptive and Historical 'OPE COUNTY lies in the west central por- tion of ]\[innesota, on the southern edge of the famous '-Park C\gy''-^-'% "^ Region " of the North- V"^^;^ west. It is hounded on the nortii by Douglas county ; on the east by Stearns count\' ; on the south by Ivandiyolii and Swift counties, and on tlie west by Stevens. It embraces an area of about 4(!0,.SOO acres, or twcnt}'^ congi'essional town- ships. This territor3' is techni- cally described as townships 123, 124, 125, and 126, in ranges 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40. The surface of the county is well watered by numerous sti'eams and man}' glistening lakes are located witiiin its boundaries. The largest of the lakes is Lake Minnewaska, one of the most beautiful bodies of water in the State. It has become famous for the fine fishing and hunting it afi'oi'ds, and hundreds of sportsmen and pleasure-seekers yearly visit it, to fisli in its depths or seek game upon and about its shores. Besides Minne- waska, however, there are many others which are worthy of much more than pass- ing notice. Among these are Lakes Johanna, Reno, Ben, Gilberson, Stenne, Nelson, West- port, Grove, Lincoln, Amelia, Villard, Leven, Ellon, Ann, Hanson, Emily, Pelican, Swen- oda, Scandinavia, Woodpeckei-, and many others, whicli are smaller, yet no less beauti- I'ui. The water of these lakes is clear as crystal and abounds Avitli fish of the various species common to tliis latitude. As a rule, the lake shores are sandj'. Tiie east branch of the Cliippewa River finds its source in tiie northeastern portion of the county, in one of the numerous lakes, and flows southerly tiiough tlic townsliips of Glenwood, Cliip- pewa Falls and Rolling Forks, on its way to the Minnesota River, which it makes junction with in Swift county, joining in the mean- time the main body of the Cliippewa River. The west fork of the Chippewa River finds its source in the southern part of Otter Tail county, and on its southward course flows though the western jiortion of I'ope county, traversing the townships of Nora, New Prairie, Waldcn and Ilofl". The north fork of the Crow River rises in ISO POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. the various lakes of Grove Lake township, and flows in an easterl}' direction until its waters mingle with those of the mighty Mississippi. These streams furnish an out- let for the lakes, and afford ample drainage for the land. It will thus be seen that Pope county is supplied with an abundance of pure, wholesome water, making it at once a most desirable and profitable stock-raising locality. For some years past the intelli- gent class of agriculturists have been devot- ing much attention to this important indus- try, and to-day this county is scarcely second to any county in the western part of the State in tlie assessed valuation of its cattle. Blooded and high grade stock is by no means rare in any part of tlie county, and yearly more and more attention is devoted to tills department. No county in the State is better adapted by natui'e for raising stock, for the soil is very prolific in the ])roduction of both tame and indigenous grasses, and an abundance of rich, nutritious wild hay can be had merely for the labor of cutting and caring for it. Few counties in the great State of Minne- sota can compare witli Pope count}' in the beauty of natural scenery — its rolhng prairies, interspersed and diversified with natural and domestic groves, studded with lakes and adorned by that magnificent sheet of water. Lake Minnewaska, lying in its wondrous beauty among the hills and wooded blutTs. One versatile writer, in speaking of this famous lake, saj's : " One can hardly look upon tliis magnificent sheet of water and its varied surroundings and not feel that it is a joy to live — feel that in just such marvelous scenes as here meet the eye at every turn the Great Giver has made am- ple compensation for tlie ills of life. * * Minnesota boasts of its beautiful lakes and 'sky tinted waters' in every part of its wide do- main ; but there are few, very few, which can compare with magnificent Lake Minnewaska. The soil of Pope county, as a rule, consists of a rich, dark loam, underlaid with a sub- soil of clay or gravel. In some places the soil is inclined to be more sandy than in others, but there ai'e but few pieces of land in the county which from this cause are unfit for cultivation. This has always been, since its first settlement, a great wheat and grain raising county, and still maintains its excel- lent reputation in this regard. Tlie soil is well adapted to the raising of all cereals common to this latitude. For many years prior to the first actual settlement, there is no question but that the territory which now comprises Pope county was frequenth' trod I13' the foot of white men. The Red River Valley had been set- tled earl}' in the history of the Northwest, and the principal " trail " from the Red River or Selkirk settlement passed through Pope county. The aliundance of game which infested this region drew hunters and trap- pers regularly to its beautiful lakes and woodlands. Tlie Indians for ages had made this portion of the State a hunting and camp- ing ground, and, could they speak, each tree, could, no doubt, tell some wild tale of In- dian adventure. Wild game of almost every description — buffalo, bear, elk, deer, etc. — abounded in those days, ami many of these animals have only passed from these grounds recently. Many of the old settlers report that they frequently saw deer, elk and bear in the days of their first settlement here, and not a few have been seen and killed in recent years. In 1856 there was a great tide of emio-ration toward the '• setting sun " from the Eastern States, and a great proportion of the present area of Minnesota grew rap- idly in population. A great many passed through what is now Pope county, and points far to the west and northwest received set- tlers. This tide of immigration to Minne- sota continued also through a portion of the following year, but then came on the panic POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 151 of 1857 and the intlux of settlers almost completely ceased. Times were very iiard all through the country, and especially was this condition of affairs felt in the Northwest. Following close upon the financial i)anic, came the outbreak of the Civil War, in the spring of 1861, and in August, 1802, was inaugurated the terrible Sioux Indian out- break, which depopulated the western part of the State and crimsoned the fair soil with the blood of so many innocent men, women and children. Fiendish atrocity, blood-curdling cruelt}', and red-handed mur- der ran riot, and the growth of Minnesota received a setback from which it took numy years to fully recover. A number of settlers had located in what is now Pope county ]irior to the outbreak of the Civil AVar, and in several portions of the county the nucleus of a substantial settlement had been formed. It is iinpos- siblc at this late day to state who were the first actual settlers, and to make the assertion upon the conflicting and vci-y un- satisfactory evidence which has come to the knowledge of the writer would be to record as histor\' that which would be a matter of endless dispute among the okler settlers. It is suHicient, under the circumstances, to state that a number of settlers luul located here ])rior to the out- break. The settlers built their log cabins, prepared the soil, and gathered their crops, or hunted antl trapped, living in peace and contentment, while the settlement thrived and grew in a small way, until the Indians in- augurated theircarnival of l)loodshod, in 18<>2. At that time the settlers all fled for places of safety, and Pope county was again left without a single white inhabitant, as it had existed for ages before. This state of alfairs continued for a number of 5'ears, until about the close of the Civil War, after peace had again been restored upon the frontier and the Indians brought under subjection. In the mean time, the Legislature of Minne- sota, on the 2<>th of February, 1802, had set off the territoi-y, which now forms Pope county, defined its boundaries and given it the name of Pope, locating the seat of jus- tice at Stockholm, in Gilchrist township. Thus was Pope county created, although for several years it remained attached to Stearns county for civil and judicial ])urposos, pro- vision being made that organization could be effected when there was sufficient popula- tion upon a])plication to the Govei'nor. In 180.3 the Indians were concjuered and, as a body, were brought under subjection, but small bands of them occasionally traversed the country, and their depi'edations. really lasted for some time after their surrender, so that life and property were not safe this far out upon tiie frontier. During this year this region was frecjuently patroled by the soldiers, and the writer calls to mind several soldiers who now live upon claims which took their fancy while they were in the serv- ice, chasing Indians, in 1863. Toward the close of the Civil War, in 180-1-, and in 1865, settlers again commenced taking up their homes in Pope county, and various portions of the county received their pioneer inhabi- tants. In J 866, 1867 and 1868 the volume of in- comers grew, and all portions of the county developed rapidly. Many old soldiers were among the settlers of those days, and today a very large pei'centage of the pioneers who are still residents wei-e brave "boys in blue" and veterans in the late war. After the year last mentioned the growth progressed more slowly, but still with a healthy growth, and when the year 1870 dawned the county had a population of 2.691. A portion of this period times were very "close" with the early settlers, as nearly all of them came here with bnt little means, and their whole subsistence had to be drawn from the soil- The decade from 1870 to 1880 marked a ma- 152 POPE COUNTY, MJNA'ESOTA. terial gTowth in the population as well as the development of the county, and upon its close there were 5,874: ])eople within the limits of the county. During the latter part of this decade this country was visited by the grass- hoppers, and for several years nearly all the crops were destroyed. This was' a severe setback to the growth of the county, and those who remained during those trying times experienced the most severe hardships and trials. Hundreds abandoned their farms and sought work in other regions to pro- vide for their families ; many more gave up farming and lived by trapping. Furs bnniglit a good price, and, as one old settler puts it." Rat skins were legal tender in those days." Since that memorable time nothing has occuiTed to seriously impede the growth and development of the count}'. The last census gave the county a total population of 8,707, while at tiiis writing (1888) it is safe to say it has reached at least 11,000. The farming community throughout the county iiave, as a whole, been very success- ful, and the old settlei's who has had the determination and courage to remain in the county through the pioneer times and grass- hopper da\'s, with all their liardships, are, as a rule, in comfortable circumstances, while many of them are wealth}'. It is safe to say that ninety per cent, of the old settlers who have remained upon their farms, and in- dustriouslv continncd tillino'the soil through the past years, are to-day in easy circum- stances financialU", have comfortable homes, and broad, fertile acres, which yearly bring them sutficient revenue for all their oi'dinary needs. Tliis is a splendid showing for this region, if it is candidly considered. It must ijc remembered that this county has passed tiirougli some of tiie most severe and dis- tressing reverses that it is possible to visit upon any country; it must also be remem- bered that these settlers, with but very few exceptions, came here without means, and in- vested no capital to speak of. No other class of men, either in the business or pro- fessional walks of life can show the same record ; in fact, just the reverse is true, for while ten ])er cent, of professional and business men succeed and become rich, ninety per cent, either fail wholly or merely eke out a subsistence. The writer therefore has no hesitation in stating that the farming coranmnity of Pope count}' has been unusually successful, notwithstanding the many disad- vantages and reverses through which they have passed. After Pope county was set off from Stearns and its boundaries defined, in 1802, nothing was done toward effecting an organ- ization for several yeai*s, as the county had been depopulated by the Indian outbreak. In 1865 and 180iick, Glenwood, N'illard and West- port. In 1886 the Minneapolis tt Pacific Railway, now a part of the famous " Soo Lino," was completed through Po])e c. Pettijohn and Ole Gilbertson. 1869 (September). — D. B. Pettijohn, chair- man; Lorenzo Davis and Ole Gilbertson. 1870. — D. B. Pettijohn, chairman; Ole Gilbertson and ISTels B. Wollan. 1871. — Same as in ])revious year. 1872. — Ole Gilbertson, chairman; N. B. Wollan and Q. C. Warren. 1873.— Nels B. Wollan, chairman; Q. C. Warren and Hans Suckstorff. 1874:. — (J. C. Warren, clmirmcui; Hans Suckstorff and G. Larson. 1875. — Hans Suckstorff, chair/nan; G. Lar- son and P. Hoffman. 1876. — G. Larson, chairman; P. Hoffman and Ole Gilbertson. 1877. — Ole Gilbertson, chairman; Lars O. Romsas, Peter Hoffman, Peter E. Barsness and Daniel Pennie. 1878. — Ole Gilberston, chairman; L. O. Romsas, Hans Ingebretson, Peter E. Bars- ness and Daniel Pennie. 1879. — Same as in previous year. 1880. — Daniel Pennie, chairnian; L. O. Romsas, George Brown, Jared Emmerson and Peter E. Barsness. 1881. — L. O. Romsas, chairman; George Brown, Jared Emmerson, Peter Engebretson and G. Tharaldson. 1882. — Peter Engebretson, chairman; George Brown, Jared Emmerson, II. M. F. Irgens and G. Tharaldson. 1883.— H. M. F. Irgens, chairman; Peter Engebretson, G. Tharaldson, John Jeffers and G. O. Huset. 188-t. — H. ]\I. F. Irgens, chairman; John Jeffers. G. O. Huset, A. L. Brevig anil George Townsend. 1885. — -John Jeffers, chairman; A. L. Bre- vig, G. O. Huset, George Townsend and Iver I. Hippe. 1886. — George Townsend, chairman; Iver I. Hip])e, G. O. Huset, A. L. Brevig and John Jeffers. 1887. — Iver I. Hippe, chairman; John Jeffers, A. L. Brevig, John Hanson and John Peacock. 1888. — Iver I. Hippe. of New Prairie township, chairman; John Jeffers, of Glen- wood township; John Peacock, of Reno; John Hanson, of Chippewa Falls: and A. L. Brevig, of Blue Mounds. In this connection we present a brief re- view of the VARIOUS VILLAGES located within the limits of Pope county. Glenwood. — This is the county seat of Pope county. It is located at the north- eastern end of Lake Miunewaska, in a POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. broad and beautiful glen, around which tlie lofty bluffs describe a crescent. For beauty of location it is unsurpassed. The original town was platted by Kirk J. Kinney and Alfred W. Lathrop on tiio 2Gth of September, 1866. Additions have since been made by Kinney & Day, Fur- ber M. Libliy, Ole A. Aasve and A. C. Lathrop, K. J. Kinney, A. W. T.athrop and C. AV. Jennison, George K. Wheeler t^: Co., and Tory Thorson. Excellent marketing- facilities are afforded by the Noi'thei'n Pacific and ilinneapolis & Pacific Ilailways, which form a junction at this point, and as the vii- lajre is suiTOunded bv an excellent farming country, it has a steady and ever increasing- trade. All lines of business are well i-e])re- sented here, and tiie town has, at tiiis wi-it- ing, a population of altout SOO ]i('oplc. Glenwood is supplied witii an admiraijle water service, the cooling l^everage being conveyed in pipes to the various rosidenc(^s and business houses througliout tiie town. The source or iiead of the water works is a spring away up on tlie hills, 200 feet above ^Minnesota avenue, the main thoroughfare. The water from a hydrant at the corner of tiiis avenue and Franklin street is thrown into the air 12G feet, and the pressure at seven hydrants in various locations is equal to all demands for protection against fire. Stariuck. — This is tiie second village in size and importance within the limits of Pope county. It is located on the Northern Pa- cific Railway, in White liear Laketownshiji, at the foot of Lake Minnewaska. The loca- tion upon which it rests is among the best village sites to be found in this part of the State. The village was laid out b}' James D. Poler and Andrew Hogenson, in the spring of 1SS2, the site bemg surveyed b}' Jolin Abercrombie, and the plat filed for reccjrd ]\Iay 24, 1SS2. The village has grown steadily from its first inception, and every line of trade is now well represented here. The surrounding country is thickly settled by an intelligent and well-to-do class of farmers, and Starbuck, therefore, does an ex- tonsive business. Vir.i.ARD. — Villard is a tiiriving and grow- in"- village located on the Northern Pacific Railroad, in the eastern part of Leven town- ship, on the banks of Lake Villard. The original town was laid out by John and Cal- ista Williams, in August, 1882, the survey being made by Charles (1 Hinds. Additions were shortly afterward laid out by Dens- more G. W. Stickney, Triphena A. Bennett, John R. Howes and Jennie Hill and Charles A. Barrows. The village has a good loca- tion, and an enterprising set of business men. The place is recognized as an excellent grain market, and in the past has done a very heavy business in this line. ScANDiAviLi.E OK CvKus. — Tliis village is located in New Praii'ie township, on the Northern Pacific Railway, in the western eilge of the county. The village was origin- ally laid out as Scandiaville, by (). H. Dahl and Charles Olson, in the sj)ring of 1882. The postoffice at tliis point bears the name of Cyrus. LowKY. — This village is located on the line of the Minneapolis & Pacific Railwa}', on section 2-t, Ben Waile townshi]i. It is the end of a railway division, and is also sui*- rounded by a wealthy farming- couutr\', so that it commands a good trade. The village was laid out in March, 1887, by W. D. Washburn, Thomas Hume and Hugh Bryce. TiioKsoN. — Thorson village was laid out b\^ W. D.Washburn and Sylvester and Orrin Kipp in the spring of 1887. The survey was made b\' P. M. Dahl, and the plat was filed for record May 20, 1887. Tlie village is located on section 6, in Bangor township, on the line of the Minneapolis A: Pacific Rail- way. Chippewa Falls. — A village under this name was laid out in June, 1871, bv J. A. IS6 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Wheeler, which is located on section 33, Chippewa Falls township. The postoffice located here is known as Terrace. The vil- lage has a number of stores, hotel, physician, etc., and does a thriving trade. The Chip- pewa Iviver furnishes a good water power at this point with which a Houring mill is oper- ated. Farwell. — ■ Farwell village is located on the Minneapolis & Pacific ilailway, on sec- tion 6, Ben Wade township. It was platted in April, 1887, by W. D. Washburn, William Max and Charles A. Dahlen. Westj-ort. — The village of Westport is located in the northeastern part of the county on the line of the Northern Pacific Railway, being situated on the northeast quarter of section 23, Westport township. The village was platted by Crawford Livingston, in October, 1882. ^ . ' -^7 :'?i^ >^^ 1 i n i^BlOGRAPHICAL jj^ ^1 iM^^^±^^±M^^J^ -^-^^^^iVv?^ ' POPE COUA'^TV, MINNESOTA. 159 lilOGRHFTJUrHIi ■p^TON. J. G. WHI' 'llvVll^ coaseil, of tTlen\V( Jli J1_ tlie most proniin WHITTEMORE, dc- ood, was one of prominent, public-spir- ited, lil)oral and enterprising citizens wiio liavc over lived in I'ojie count}'. A man of tiie utmost lionoi- and integrity, of wide gen- eral information, education and intelligence, and prominent in every public work and en- terprise, iiis name is intimately ami indis- solubly connected witii the histoiy of the growtli and progress of this locality. Mr. AVliittemore was born in Washington county, Maine, in 1S38, and was a son of James G. and Nancy M. (Crocker) Whitte- more. A sketch of his parents appears in connection with the biography of Captain W. K. "Whittemore elsewhere in tliis work. Tiie early life of J. (1. Wliittemore, our sub- ject, was spent in the schools of his native State. Later he came West, and for three years studied meilicine witli Dr. Potts, at Cas- tle Hock. Dakota county, Minnesota. In 1863, as tlie Civil War was then in progress he enlisted in a Minnesota regiment, and was soon given a position as first Lieutenant in a colored regiment — One hundred and eight- eentli Fnitcd States Colored Infantry — and he held that position until honorably dis- charged, in 18<>.5. lie then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and located at Grove Lake, where he took u|) a homestead and commenced the practice of medicine. A few years later he removed to Glenwood, continuing his ])ractice. He was elected county autlitoi", and for six years tilled that office with the utmost ability and efficiency. He was then eiiii'ao'cd in the mercantile and banking business, continuing it until the time of his death. In 1873 he was elected to rep- resent this district in the Lower House of the State Legislature, after which he was elected State Senator, and served two years with credit to himself and satisfaction to his con- stituents. He was one of the leading and most influential spirits in securing the build- ing of the Little Falls Railroad through Pojie county, and, in fact, every enterprise calcu- lated to benelit either his town or county received his hearty aid and encouragement. His death occuiTcd in 1882. He had accum- ulated an e.Ktensive pi'o))erty. which was en- tirely the result of his own efforts. He was a I'epublican politically and was a member of the Masonic fratci'uity. Mr. Wliittemore was nuirried in ISti-l to .Miss .Mary .Mc.Nutt, wIkj survives him. At his death he left seven children to mourn his loss — Lucy E., John G., Kitt" i6o POPE COCNTY. M/.V.V£SOr.-l ridge M., Clara C, Jane T., James G. and Abbie. Mrs. Whittemore is a native of Nova Sco- tia, and a daughter of John and Celiu (Morse) McNutt. A full sketcli of her parents is presented in connection witli the history of T. Cf. McXutt, elsewhere in this Album. -— ^■*— f^^— *■ : JTUDGE NORMAN SHOOK came to Pope /J county in 1865, during the month of Oc- tober, settling on section 31 of Westport township. He homesteaded 160 acres of land, which he improved. He now owns 220 acres, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising. Our subject was one of the lirst permanent settlers here, and helped to organize tlie township. He was a member of the lirst board of supervisors, and has been in tliat capacity nearly all the time since, and served as its chairman for a num- ber of 3'ears. Judge Shook was born in Dutchess county, New York, June 12, 1825, the son of Peter and Maria (Bonesteal) Shook, natives of the same State. There were ten children in the family— Frederick, Christina, Daniel, Cath- erine, David, Peter, Samuel, Charles. Hannah ami Norman. Charles died in childiiood. Mr. Shook spent his school days in Can- antlaigua City, New York, and his earlier childhood days in Dutchess county. New 1 ork. He received an academic education and taught for awhile; also farmed in that locality. He came to Indiana, and remained there awhile, and then came on to Ilenne}iin county, Minnesota, where he remained until he came to Pope county. Judge Shook was mai'ried in 1850, to Miss Hannah Storm, a native of New York, having been born and educated in Genesee county lary meml)er of the Lu- theran Church, of whicli organization he has been deacon and secretary ever since his residence here, lie has also always taken a prominent part in all good work, and when, at dili'erent intervals, Sunday school has been held, he has acted as superintendent. Mr. Johnshoy's building improv(!ments ai'o among the linest in the township, and reflect much credit ujion his energy and enterprise, besides being an honor to the locality in wiiich they are situated. IMr. Johnshoy is a man of the strictest integrity, and iiis word is recognized as b(>ing as good as his i)oii' promment and successful farmers in the southwestern part of Pope county, is a resident of section 3, Hoff to-\\T]Bhip. He is a native of the State of New York, born March 4, 1829, and is a son of Henry and Lucy (Wilkinson) Councilman, who wei'e natives of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, respectively. His parents were married in New York State, and lived there until the time of their deaths. The}' were the parents of seven children, as follows — William, Clark P., Harmon. Elizabeth, Harriet, Truman and Penbrook. ClarkP., our present subject, received his ed- ucation mostly in Broome count}', New York, attending until he had reached the age of . fifteen. He was then thrown upon his own resources, and for a number of years was engaged at various kinds of labor. In 1864, he removed to Michigan, where he lived for eleven years, and then came to Minnesota, locating in Wabasha countv, where he was engaged in farming. Four years later he removed to Sherburne county, Minnesota, where he remained two years, and then settled at Ilassel Lake, Swift county. In 1882, he came to Pope county, and pur- chased 200 acres of land on section 3, Hoff township, where he has since remained, carrying on general farming and stock- raising. He has been very successful in his farming operations, and is rated as one of the most reliable and substantial farmers in that jiart of the county. In ]iolitical matters he affiliates with the republican ]iarty. In former years he was a member of the Masonic fraternity, but of late years has not paid so much attention to social organizations' POPE COUNTY, MUVN^ESOTA. 163 Mr. Councilman was married in Septem- ber, ISCS, in ]\[icliigan, to Miss Anna Collins, a native of Massachusetts, and a daughter of Thomas Collins. She was raised and educated in jNIichigan. Mr. and Mrs. Coun- cilman are the parents of two children — Ferris and Cora. ^[rs. Councilman is a mem- ber of the Congregational Chinvh. T^SITON. MICHAEL A. WOLLAN, thepres- Jf'3L entrepresentative from thisdistrict in the State Legislature, is one of the most promi- nent and representative citizens of Glenwood, a member of the Fremiid Association, and one of the most able antl inlhiential business men of Pope county. lie is a native of Nor- way, born January 12, 1841, anil a son of Benjamin O. Wollan, a sketch of whom ap- pears in another department of this volume. In his boyhood days Michael attended school in his native land, and in ISliO came to the United States with his parents, locat- ing in Allamakee count3\ Iowa, where our sul)jeet worked at farm labor. He remained in Iowa and the southern part of Minnesota until 1868, when he came to Pope county, Minnesota, remaining some si.x months, and then went to the southern part of the State, and was there engaged at various kinds of em- ployment until 18tjy. He then returned and settled in White Bear Lake township. Pope county, where he worked on a farm. In the fall of 1870 he was elected register of deeds of Pope county, and two years later was rei'Iected, serving four years. In 1874 he was appointed postmaster at Glenwood, retaining the office for about four years, when he resigned. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Wollan was elected to represent the district com- posed of Pope, Stevens, Grant and Big Stone counties, in the Lower House of the State Legislature, and made a ci'editable record. In 18S6 he was elected to represent Pope county in the same body, and at present holds that position (August, 1888). In the last Legisla- ture, which was one of the most important sessions held in the history of the State, his experience and ability were recognized in the formation of the House Committees, and he was placed upon several of the most con- spicuous of these. In 1878 Mr. Wollan was elected county auditor and served for six years. In village matters he has also taken an active interest, and in 1880 and 1887 lie served as a mem- ber of the council, and the latter j'ear as president of that body. It will thus be seen that he has l)een one of the most i)r(miinent citizens of the county, and his name is con- spicuously anil indissolubly connected with the official history of both village and county. A man of the strictest integrit\', of untiring energy and enterprise, he is to-day one of the most influential citizens of this part of the State. Mr. Wollan began mercantile life in 1873, when, in company with two of his brothers, he enoraged in the hardware trade. This was finally merged with the business of the Fre- miid Association, which was organized and incorporated in 1874. In this organization our subject held the position of president until 1888, and still retains his interest therein. He carries on a farm of 160 acres near the county seat, and has one of the finest resi- dences in Glenwood, surrounded by shade and ornamental trees. Michael A. AVollan was first inari'ied, in 1871, to Miss Isabell Eigg, a native of Nor- way, and a daughter of Ole.Kigg, Sr. This marriage was blessed with seven children, only five of whom are now living, as follows — Bertha S., Dorothy L., Josephena B., Oliver B. and Mabel I. Mrs. Wollan, the mother of these children, died Januarv 6, 1884. She was a woman of high character, and a worthy member of the Lutheran Church. In 1887 Mr. Wollan was again married, his bride be- 1 54 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. iiiff Miss Hilma Koefod, of Glenwood, a nOr tive of Norway, ami a daughter of II. Koe- fod. By tliis union there has been horn one son, Holger A\". liotli Mr. and Mrs. AVolliin are exemplary and jn'oniinent members of the Lutlieran Church. Mr. Wollan is tlie organist, and is a member of the church council of the Distinct Synod which embraces Minnesota. Dakota and on west to the Pa- cific coast. In ])olitical matters our subject affiliates with the I'epublican party. JTOSEPH C. HUTCHINS, one of the oldest W settlers in Tope county, and now alead- ino- and influential farmer residing on sec- tion 24, Leven townslii]), has the distinction of beino: the oldest settler still living in the northern part of the county. Mr. Ilutchins was born in the town of Knox, Waldo county, Maine, on the 29th of August, 1824, and is a son of Cyrus and Rachel (Chandler) Ilutchins. The father died in Minneapolis in the spring of 1887, at the age of ninety- four, and the mother is still living in that city at theri])eold age of eighty-four. They raised a family of four children, as follows — Joseph, Mary, Rhoda and Charles A., of whom all are dead except Mary and Joseph. Charles A. enlisted in Company D, First Minnesota Infantry, and after about three j'^ears' service was discharged on account of disability, contracted in the service. After remaining at home a shoi't time he again en- listed, in Hatche's Battalion, and served until the close of the war. He then re turned home, and died about ten years later. Rhoda died when about sixteen years of age. Joseph C. ilutchins spent his boyhood days and received his education in Maine, attending school until he was about sixteen years of age. He remained at home until he was twenty-one, and then started in life for himself. For three years he was in various portions of ^lichigan and Wisconsin. At the expiration of that time, in 1S51, he came to St. Anthonv, Minnesota, antl worked at farming in that vicinity until the summer of 1802. He then came to Pope county, ar- riving here on the 3d day of July, and located upon his ]ii'esent place, on section 24, Leven township. He was shortly afterward driven away by the outbreak of the Indians, which began in August, lSfi2. He then sent his family to Minneapolis, while he went to Sauk Center, and there enlisted in the State service. He was emploj'ed at scouting most of the time, ranging clear to the south line of the State. On one of these trips he rode over a hundred miles without getting out of the saddle except for a drink of water. He was discharged in December, 1862, and went to Minneapolis, where he remained during that winter and the following summer. He then came back to Pope county, and has been a resident of Leven township since that time. His was the first homestead taken in the township. He aided in the oi'ganiza- tion of the townshi]j, and was one of the first township officers, the ]>rincipal parties who were prominent in securing the organization and who filled the offices being— J. C. Hutch- ins, A. C. Peck, David Ross, Daniel Pennie, William Wright and Mr. Phelps. Mr. Ilutchins has always taken an active in- tej-est in public matters, and his name is prominently identified with the official his- tory of both the town and county. He was the first chairman of the township super- visors, and is at present a member of the vil- lage council of Villard. Mr. Hutchins has one of the most valuable farms in the noith- ern part of the county, and devotes his attention extensively to stock-raising, having a fine lot of graded Jersey and Ilolstein cattle. Mr. Hutchins was married on the Ttli of rorr. couxty, mixxesota. m November, 1853. to Miss Amelia MoflRtt. a native oF Illinois, and a daughter of Willis Moffitt. Tliev have been the jiarents of seven fhildrqn — Ciiarles W.. Frank. Cyrus, Joseph C, Dora, May and Klnicr. Although Mr. llutchins was reared a dem- ocrat in political belief, he now affiliates with tlie i)rolnbition party. ©LE RIGG, a resident of section 4, and one of tiie leading- and most substan- tial farmers of Minnewaska townsiiip, is a native of Norway. He was born in 1825, and is the son of Ole and Engerbei'g (Hol- land) liig'g. They followed farm life through- out the days of their lives, dying in the land of their nativity. They were the parents of four children, two of whom are now living — Ole and Mrs. Christilan. The subject of this biogi'apiiioal sketch was reared on his father's farm, remaining there unlil the death of his ])arents. when Oh^ sold and came to America, in lSti5, lirst settling in Winneshiek county, Iowa, where he worked for three years. In 18G8 he moved to Pope county, Minnesota, and claimevam, of Norway, l)y whom eleven children were born, si.x of whom are now living — Ole, Martin, Svei'e, Dorothy, ,Tose- phena and Clara. Ole married Maren Ann Troen, to whom were born nine children, live of whom are living — Ole, Jacob, Petei-, Otto and Josephena. Martin niai tied Emily Johnson, who is the motherof four children — Leonard, AVhilhelme, Fertlinand and Cora. Svere married Elena Lee. Dorothj'^ married Maginnis Koeford, to whom have been born four children — Herman, Magnus, Sigvard and ^'olburg. Josephena married Gourgen Aal. This union has been blessed by thebirth of one child. (]lara nuirried Eilert Keoford, to whom one child has been born. ^^EORGE W. BROWN, a thoroughgoing \^A farmer, residing in section 10, of Grove Lake township, is a native of England, Ixn-n February 28, 1831. He is the son of William Brown, who had seven children by his first wife and eight by his second wife. Our subject was the youngest of his father's children by his first wife. His gi'andfathcr on his fathei'"s side wasalso named William; he was a merchant and hotel-keeper, and also ran a small farm. At his death he left his property to William, his son. He sold this property and afterward ])urchased a farm, ])aying $500 per acre for the same. He never luul to do manual laboi- on the same, but kept a large number of men. He was a prominent man in his time and coun- try. George Brown, our subject, remained at home until he was fourteen • years of age, then remained with an uncle, woi'king on a fai-m for a yeai'. After si.x yeai'S of fai-m labor became to America, in 1859, stopping Hrst in Massachusetts for three years, work- ing at farm labor aiul driving a l)utcher's cart. He then went to Canada, where he bought larsness township, resides on a beautiful farm of 480 acres, with comfortable improvements, on section 14. lie was born at Bargenstadt, Norway, November 27, 1842, and is the son of Nels and Augusta- Bai-sness, who ai-e na- tives of the same kingdom. He remained at home, working on the farm in the summers and goino-to school dur- ing th(! winters, and early imbibing those principles that constitute the self-made man- In 1861 he came to this country and located at Stoughton. Dane county, "Wisconsin, where he engaged in farming and working out among the farmers in the neighborhood. In Decem- ber, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifteenth "Wisconsin Infantry. His first engagement was at Peri'wille, Kentucky, his second at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where he received rifle ball in his right lung. The agony he suffered w^as indescribable, being forced to lie on the cold, wet ground during the next two days and nights. He was. then taken prisoner, and was laid between two wounded soldiers, who died in the evening, and all that night and the next day until ten o'clock; when the stench of the dead men at his side became unbearable, he, with difficulty and excruciating pain, crawled a short distance away. Shorth' after, a rebel, who Avas pass- ing by, accosted him and told him that he could have a better place if he could walk to it, but on his attempting to do so found the effort was too great and fell fainting to the ground. At this the rebel drew his revolver and was about to kill him, Avhen an Irish sol- dier, who was at that moment ap|)roaching, besought him to spare the wounded man's life, and said that he would take him to a l)lace of safety. This great-hearted Irish sol- dier then removed him to a tent hospital, about three miles distant, where he remained for six days, when the Union forces scattered the rebels, and he was once again with friends. During his stay at this impromjitu hospital he had for sustenance but one dry biscuit. Our subject was then removed to IIos])ital No. 2, Nashville, where he staid one month, then to St. Louis, where he re- mained for a period of four months. He then went to back to his regiment, and arrived just in time to participate in the bat- tle of Missionary Kidge, and was wounded in the finger, but did not go to the rear. His regiment was then ordered to Eastern Tennessee, where they skirmished for three months, living on green corn, imt havin": Government rations. In the spring of 1SG3 the regiment went under Sherman, and for POPE COUNTY, I'.trNNESOTA. 169 the next four months the}' were in constant service. Mr. Barsness carried his regiment's flag during the entire active service in wiiicii he was engaged. He remained under Sherman unlil lli^ suri-ender of Atlanta, and was mustered out December 2, lSfi4. Going ])ack to Wiscon- sin, lie again enlisted in Comjian^' K, Second United States Veterans, Hancock Corps, but di'hting, staving at Washington, for about four months, when he was mus- tered out of the service, and returned to Stoughton. Wisconsin. Here he staid one montii, then came to IJarsness townsiiip. Pope county, Minnesota, and took a liome- stead on section 1-i. wliere he lias since re- mained. Wjien he first came to tiiis county tliere were Init two claims taken, and l)Lit one nuin living hei'c — O. Olson. His nearest market was St. Cloud, ;i distance of sevent}'- five miles. At that time he paid for seed wheat %\.lh per bushel, and received only forty cents i)er bushel for his crop, lie paid eighteen dollars per barrel for flour, for but- ter per })oun(l si.xty cents, and for lard thir- ty-fiv(! cents, lie lived for three months on lard, flour and molasses. In this manner he managed to eke out an existence, and if an}' pioneer saw hard times he did. Mr. Barsness was married in the spring of 1868 to Miss Martha Jacobson, and their union has been blessed with the following children — Anna, Josephine, jS' els, James, Al- bert and Martha. Our subject is one of the prominent men in histownshi]\ and has been honored with the following offices — town- ship clerk (two terms), chairman of super- visoi-s, school treasurer, etc. The subject of our sketch is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, Lodge No. 54, and was transferred to Glen- wood Lodge, No. '.Ml. llo is a member of Grand Army of the Republic Post 38. Ilis lirsl wife, ^rartlia (Jacob.son) I'arsness, died July -I'l, I8S0, and November ;iO, 1882, he took as his companion through his re- maining life, Miss Betsey Swenson. They have been blessed with three children — Ida, Hilda and Ida. All are living except Ida, the first named. The township was named after him ami his brothers. ^^USTAF LARSON, a prosperous and \^^ well-to-do farmer, I'csiding on section 12, New Prairie township, is a native of Sweden. He was born in South Sweden, September 5, 1S23, and is a son of Jacob and So])liia (Forisberg) Larson, also natives of that kingdom. Gustaf lived with his ])ar- ents until he was sixteen years old, when he was apprenticed to a merchant, with whom he remained six years. He then en<>aruce county, June 23, 1861. His father died wiien our subject was seven years of age, and lie lived witli his mother, going to school until he was nineteen years old. At that age he came to this country, and worked on a farm, foi' a year, tiien went at teaching school, in whicii lie was eniiao-ed for ten terms. After teaching, he secured a position as clerk in Mr. line's store, in Glen wood, j\finnes(jta. In thespringof ISSS he went to Lowry, Po])e county, Minnes(jta, and went into partnership, with the lii-m of ■Mclver & Hume, after wliicli tiie lirm name stood as Johnston, Mclver & Hume. They are doinga good general merchandising busi- ness and are well and favorabl\' known throughout the township and county. The subject of our memior was married, April 21, 1887, to Miss ]\rinnie Y. Paie, and they have been blessed with one child — Clinton Eugene. /^!^i\LE KITTELSON, one of Pope county's ^^x earliest settlers and most highly re- spected citizens, is a resident of section 18, Lake Johanna township. He was born in Norway, October 28, 1819, and during the first eighteen years of his life went to school, after which he was engaged in farming. In DO O 1853 he came to this country, and after land- ing in New York City went to Boone county, Illinois. He remained there five years, then moved to Nebraska, where he staid three years. In 1862 he came to Pope county,- Minnesota, where he remained until two months after the great Sioux massacre broke out. At the first vague reports he decided to remain, but the danger soon became so great that he hastily packed up and moved to Good- hue county, Minnesota. After two yeai's' so- journ in that place he returned to his farm, where he has since lived. Our subject was married in Norway, March 25, 1817, to Miss Betsy Olson, who is a native of Norway, Ijorn November 15, 1829, and tliey have lieen blessed witli tlie following children— Ciiarles. Ole, Knute, Andrew, Lewis and ifatilda. Matilda is married to Mi'. Thomjison, of Stearns county, Minnesota, diaries and Ole are also married. Julius and Anna are dead, and buried in Poi)e county. His wife lias four brothers and sisters. Mr. Kittelson is the next to the youngest in the family. Oursuliject has always taken an act- iv(! interest in public affairs, and has held tiie billowing offices — justice of the peace, su|)er- rorr. county, minxesota. visor, school treasurer, etc. lie, with liis family, iire members of the Lutheran ciiurch, of which he is one of the deacons. ]\Ir. Kit- telson is a republican in his political attjiia- tions. Mr. Kittelson has one of the finest farms in the county. It comprises 2U0 acres of weilimproved land with excellent build- iiii;' improvements. lie lias eleven licad of horses, and is extensively engaged in general farming and stock-raising. »-^. LE B. LEE, the subject of this sketch, is a. resident of section 17, Nora town- ship. He was born in Norway, eighteen miles from Christiania, at "W alders, August 1), 1833, and is a son of Bare and Ingel)ar (Anderson) Olson, who wei'e also natives of that kingdom. He learned the carpenter's trade from his father, and at tiie age of eighteen he commenced life for liimself by working out at his trade. In ISiU he came to the United States and settleil in Dane county, "Wisconsin, where he worked at his trade until October 1, 1S62. He then came to Highland, Iowa county, AV'isconsin, and after working tiiree years at liis traenson. In ])olitical matters Mr. Carson affiliates with the republican party. He was post- master at Glenwood from 1883 to 1885. Every move or enterprise calculated to ben- efit his town or county has alwa^'S received his hearty support, and he may well be classed among the leading citizens of the countv seat. %^^^ >MIeNRY C. carpenter, one of the -ir^JL most intelligent and infiuential stock- raisers and general farmers in the southwest- ern part of Pope county, the sul)ject of our present sketch, is a resident of section 18, Iloff township. He is a native of North Ferris- burgh, Vermont, born April 14, 1850, and is a son of McKenzie and Juliette II. (Walker) Carpenter. The father in early life read law, and practiced that profession for a number of years in his native State, but during his later years followed farming. In 1802 he removed to Minnesota and located at North- field, Pice county, but four yeai-s later he returned to the East and settled at"\^ineland. New Jersey, where he lived until the time of his death, in 1884. The widow still lives with her son, our subject. McKenzie Car- penter and wife were the parents of seven children — C^yrus, James, Otis, Henry, Emery, Adelaide and Eva. Henry C. Carpenter spent his school days at the place of his birth, and finished his education at Northfield, Minnesota, when sixteen years of age, by a course in the High School at that place. When he was about twenty 3'ears of age he started in life for himself, and went to the oil region near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was em- ployed for five or six weeks, and then pro- POPE COUNTY, MINNESOr.\. 173 ceeded lo Connecticut, where lie was emplo\'ecl at mettle spinning for Eward, Miller & Corn- pan}^ for about ten years. At the expira- tion of that time he came to Minnesota and located at Hancock. For two years he was enoageil in handlin<;- silverware Un- the iler- iden llritannia Company, of Connecticvit, and then in March, 1SS2, he located upon the farm in llotf township. Pope county, where he still lives, lie operates 320 acres of land, located on sections 7 and 18, and carries on jjenei'al farniin"-. tog-ether with stock-raising. lie devotes a great deal of attention to rais- ing blooded and graded stock, and his herd includes a number of fine animals, among which the following deserve special mention — " Aberileen Angus," an imported animal ; Guernsey, and a Jersey. Mr. Carpenter was married February 4, 1875, to Miss Antoinette Van Dyke, a native of New York City, and a daughter of George R. and Elnora (Reeves) \^an Dyke. Her parents, who were natives of New York, are both dead. !\Irs. Carpenter was reared and educated in her native Stale, (inishino- her education at Catskill, on the Hudson lliver, New York. Mr. and Afi-s. Carpenter are the jiarentsof two children — Eva M. and Lynn O. The family are Baptists, but attend the Congre- gational church at Hancock. In political matters our subject is a jH-ohibitionist and a member of the Sons of Temperance. T^ATHEW CHRISTILAW, a promi- ^\tr%^ "onl farmer, residing on section 25, Reno township, is a memljer of the first family that settled within the present limits of that township. He is a native of Huron county, Canada West, born April 1, 1847, and isason of William and Jane (Stanley) Christi- law. The ])arents were botli natives of Canada, who were reared and educated there. and were married there. The father in early lifelearned the carpenter's trade, and lollowcd that calling for a few years, but the most of his life has been devoted to farming. In 1866 the family came to Pope county, arriv- ing here in October of that year, and settled in what is now the town of Reno. The father located on section 28, where he still lives, although he has, to a large extent, retired fi'om the active cares of business. The mother died in Januar}^ 1888, bein<>- sixt3^-five years of age at the time. Tliey raised a family of five boys and one girl, all of whom are married and are still liviu"^ — five of them in Pope county. Their names are — Mathew, James, George, John, William and Elizabeth, (ieorge is in New ]\fexico, where he has held the office of sheriff, and also been policeman. He was seriously shot in 1866, the ball passing through his neck, and for nine days he lay senseless from the effects of it. Mathew Chi'istilaw, our present sul)ject, spent his school-days in Huron county, Canada, attending school until he was six- teen years of age. After that he assisted his father on the farm until he was of afe. coming in the meantime, in 1866, with the family to Pope county, Minnesota. When he had attained his majority he took a home- stead on sections 25 and 26, Reno township, where he has since lived, devoting his atten- tion to general farming and stock-raising. He has a valuable farm, with comfortable improvements, and is recognized as one of the most solid and substantial settlers in the county. I\fr. Christilaw was first married, in 1871, to Miss Percilla Truax, who died a little over a year and half after their raarnage. On the 23d of December, 1875, Mr. Chris- tilaw was again married, Lucy Ellen Iloun- sell becoming his wife. This marriage was blessed with five children, two of whom are dead and thi'ee are living — Charles, May 174 rOPE COUNTY, AUN.VESOTA. and Mathew Erwin. Carrie J. died March 10, 1888, and one child died in infancy. The niotlier of tliese cliiidren died in ISSi. She was a hidy of high Christian cliaracter and an exemphuy member of tlie Episcopahan Church. Mr. Christilaw was married to his present wife on tlie 3rd of March, ISSC, and tlieir marriage has been blessed witii one child, named Stanley. ]\Ir. (Jhristilaw is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is one of the most intelligent and inttuential farmei's in his township. In political matters he is a republican, and has always taken an active interest in all public matters, being at this writing chairman of the board of supervisors of Keno township. i^^EORGE FOWLDS, a prosperous and \^J highly esteemed citizen of the eastern part of Pope county, is a resident of section fi, Bangortownsliip. Our subject is a native of Canada, born July 6, 1857, and is a son of John and Margaret (Morrison) Fowlds, who are natives of Scotland. His parents re- mained in that country until the year 1854:, when they came to Canada and remained there until they moved to Minnesota, settling in St. Charles, Minnesota, where they lived for two years. They then came to Pope county, Minnesota. The father of the sub- ject of this sketch has always been engaged in farming, and received his education in Scotland. His father, who was a cabinet- maker, died in 1825. George Fowlds received his education in St. Charles and Winona, finishing in Pope county. lie is a practical business man, and has been engaged in his present business as a farmer for twelve years. He is a single man, and is highly esteemed in his township. He was one of the first suj)er- visors of the township, having held that office three years, and is also treasurer of his school district. He has the following broth- ers and sisters — William. Kittie, Eliza, John, Maggie, James and Arthur. Mr. Fowlds takes an active interest in all public affairs, and in political matters affiliates with the republican party. He has a comfortable house nestled in a dense grove of his own planting, and carries on general farming and stock-raisino-. NOCH E. WEST, proprietor of the ^!^ Lake Amelia mills, situated five miles east of Glenwood village, is a native of Alle- gheny count}', Xew York, and was born July 4, 1S23. He is the son of Elijah and Amy (Lewis) West. Tlie foreparents on the father's side were from England. On the mother's side the parents were from the East, and their foreparents wei'e natives of Hol- land. Elijah West was a millwi-ight and a . farmer. He moved in 1832, and settled in White Pigeon, Michigan, where he followed the same business. In 1S47 he moved to Mercer county, Illinois, engaging in the hotel business at the town of Huron. He followed this five years, and in 1852 came to j\Iinnesota, settling at Ilokah, in Houston county. There he retii'ed from active life and remained until his death, in 1857. The mother died in 1803. The\' were both mem- bers of the Christian Church, and were very devoted, active members of the same. They left a family of seven sons and one daughter — Enoch E., Levi C, Isaac, Frank A. and Elizabeth, now Mrs. C. Perry. The two who died were Lewis L. and Ruel. The subject of our sketch left New York, with his parents, when seven j'ears of age, and since then has been a pioneer westward bound. He remained at home for a time, and then embarked in the milling business at Constantine, Michigan, remaining two years. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 175 tlion entered La Grange college, studjnngfor a slioi't time, when he left on account of in- ttauimation of the eyes, causing blindness for a year or so, hut finally regained his eye- sight at the Fort Wayne Institute. In 1850 he commenced farming in Han- cock county, Illinois. After ten years on a farm, in 1S60, he came to Rochester, Minne- sota, and in 1867 moved to Sank Center, Stearns county, Minnesota, where he en- gaged in the carriage and wagon business, re- maining until 1875. He then came to Pope county, wliere he now lives, and purchased ■iSO acres of land. He also built a flouring mill on Chippewa Creek, and first engaged in the mei'ciiant business for one and a lialf years. The store then burned out, and at the time of tlie fire he jumjted from an open Avindow, receiving injuries so severe that he has since been unal^le to work much. Mr. "West was married, in 18(!0, to Miss Eu])ha- mia R. Travis, of Hancock county, Illinois, the daughter of Hiela and Jane Travis. Mr. West has five living children — Amy J., now Mrs. Stark (her iiusband died in 18S7\ who now lives at Perrv, Kansas, eno-aged in tiie hotel and millinery business ; the other children are Carrie, now ili's. Walker, of Poj)e county, Minnesota ; Eunice E., Hiel E. and William AV. Mr. West is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is a strong advocate of i)rohi- bition. He has held many public offices, in- cluding that of justice of the peace, cliair- man (jf tlie l)oard of supervisors in Olm- stead county, and various scIiodI offices. He may well be styled a leading and prominent man of his town and county. His wife died April 23, 18.s(i, and was buried at Lake Amelia Cemetery. She was an active work- er in the Christian Church, and belonged to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Their daughter, Francis A., aged twenty- one years, died, February IS, 1SS5, and rests beside her loving mother. The entire fami- ly had musical talent, and always made home pleasant ijy their musical notes. "Mr. West is a man of sterling worth and integrity, and is held in the highest esteem as a neighbor, a business man and an exemplar}^ citizen. «^^^ #EORGE FALKNER, a prominent farm- er of Grove Lake township, resides upon his S|)]endid farm on section 17. He Avas born in England, June 15, 18-17, and is the son of Charles and Emma Falkner, also natives of England. His father was a con- tractor, engaged in constructing macadam- ized roadway's. He came to Amei'ica in lS-1 7. settling at Mound "Village, Marquette county, Wisconsin, where he purchased lan:) 'i' ELS B. WOLLAN, one of the most successful, prominent and liighly respected old settlers of Pope county, is engaged in the general merchandise business at Starbuck. lie was liorn in Noru'ay, March IS, l83.j, and was brought up on a farm and also at work at the carpenter's trade. "Wiicn lie was twenty-two years of age he di'cided to seek in America that competencv whicli he felt it was impossible to attain in the land of his birth, and accordingly sailed for Quebec, landing at that place in the latter part of June, 1857. He came at once to the United States, and settled in Winne- sheik county, Iowa, where he remained for ten years, working at various occupations. In May, 1867, he joined a part}' of seven- teen others bound for Northern Minnesota in search of suitable claims. He brought two yoke of oxen, with camping outlit, and three cows, young stock, etc. The party ari'ived at Glenwood, July 4, 1867, and re- mained thei^e for several daj's, while the men looked over the country. As a majority of the party were not satisfied with the prospects here, they traveled on through Douglas and Otter Tail counties, where all but four of the party selected claims and settled. The I'emaining four — Nels B. AVollan, B. C. A\"ollan, Anton Hogenson, and Andrew Schey — all returned to Pope countv. Thev are all mentioned at lenoth elsewhere in this work. Nels B. Wollan at once homesteaded the northwest (piai'tei' of section 12, White Bear Lake township, and immediately began improvements. During the first season he erected a house to live in, put up a stable for his stock, and broke up four acres of land. At that time there were less than twenty settlers in the township. The nearest railway station was at St. Cloud, eighty miles distant, although a store and postoffice had been established at Glen- wood. In the fall of 1867 Mr. Wollan went to St. Cloud and got his famil\', they hav- ing come that far by railroad. The first wheat raised for market had to be hauled to Benson, a distance of thirty miles, and with their ox teams the trip used to con- sume thi'ee days. Times were hard in those days, and the old settlers were obligeil to suffer many disadvantages and hardshi])S, but those who I'emained and " weathered through '" all the reverses, are, as a rule, well off to da v. rOPE COVXTY, .ViyXESOTA. 177 In the fall of 1869 our subject bought a threshing machine, the first brought into this part of the country. It was an eigiit-iiorse power J. I. Case machine, and Mr. Wojiaii operated it for a numlier of years. In August, ]SP)0, the first ]iostotfice in the town- ship was established under the name of Wliite Bear Center, and Mr. AVollan was commissioned as the first postmaster, and lield the office from that time until the spring of 1886 — except during the year 1883. In the spring of 186S Mr. Wollan was elected town treasurer of White Bear Lake town- ship, which, as then organized, included the territory now known as Ben Wade, Nora, New Prairie, Minnewaska and Wliite Bear Lake townships. lie has always taken a deep interest in all public matters and has at different times held about all of the town- sliip and school district offices, and also served for four years as a member of the hoard of county commissioners, making a nuwt efficient anil capable officer. When the village of Starijiick was organized JNIr. Wol- lan was one of the active woi-kers in secur- ing the charter. He was elected president of the council in 1884, and is now a mcml)er of that body. In 1 S7< I ^Ir. Wollan, with his two brothers. Casper T. and Michael A., opened a store with a moderate line of goods, in the liouse of Nels B. Wollan, and carried it on there for two years, when the stock was removed to (ilenwood. In 1ST2 the Fremiid Associa- tion was organized In' the Wollan Brothers, which has been carried on by them ever since at Glenwood. In 1879, in company with A. Beterson, our subject erected a store on N. B. Wollan's farm, in which was placed a stock of general merchandise. This was carried on until 1882, when it was purchased by the Fremiid As- sociation, and the Association opened a branch store at Starbuck, which was the first store in tlie village. In 1887 our subject, N. B. Wollan, bought out the Association's inter- est at Starbuck and has since carried on the store alone. He cai'ries an extensive stock and does a large business. In ISS-t Mr. Wollan erected a iiome in the villag(> and riMnoved his family from the farm, although lie still owns the homcsttMid, together with considerable other land in the (■ounty. He is an active and exemplary nuuuber of the Inherred Luthei'an chui'ch, of which he was one of tlie organizers, and w'hen the church edifice was erected, he do- nated the site upon which it was built. Mr. Wollan was married March 22, 1861, to Miss Johannes Johnson. They had four children, onlv two of whom, however, are now living — Benjamin, proprietor of a meat market at Starbuck, aiul Balena, now Mrs. P. A. Hartley, of Starbuck. Of the deceased, one died in infancy, and the other, Ingel)or Anna, married O. Ilolte^', and died in Octo- l)er, 1S87. Mrs. Wollan died October 22, 1807 — eight days aftei' her ai'riva! Iiere. Mr. Wolkin was again married, in ISli'J, to Ilebecca Peterson, and tlun' are the })arents of four living chiklren, as follows — Jensena, Nettie, Gustaf and Anton The family are members of the Luthei'an Church. m ►h4^> IaENRY BUTLER, an old settler and prominent citizen of tlie northeastern part of the county, is a resident of the village of Villard. He is a native of Delaware county, Ohio, born September 26, 1819, and is a son of David and Abigail (Barr) Butler. His father was born on an Island off the coast of Massachusetts — Martha's Vineyard — and his mother was a native of Stock- bridge, in the same State. In 1805 the fam- ily of his parents went to Ohio, going over- land, with teams, as that was before the time of the railroads, and were obliged to cut their wav for over fortv miles thronifh 1/8 POPE cor.vrv, mixxf.sota. the dense wilderness from Chillicothe to Delaware. At that time there was not a sign of civilization on tlie ])resentsite of Co- lumbus. The parents both died in Ohio — the mother February 8, 1857, and the father A^n'il 2, 1869. David lUitler and wife were the parents of twelve children. John r.arr. the father of Al)igail (Barr) Butler, and grand fati)er of our subject, was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. lie came to America about 1774 and settled at Rich- mond, Virginia. During the Revolutionary War lie enlisted and served as a body guard for General Geoi'ge Washington. By his mar- riasre he became the father of seven children — .Tared, Abigail, Alva, Henry, Ebenezer, Oiliver and Polly. Olliver was killed in the great railway wreck at JSTorwalk, Connecti- cut. He was a noted Christian iireacher, and hail been a great itinerant, having preached in every county in nineteen States. Henrv Butler spent his boyhood days and received his education in Erie county, Ohio, on the banks of Lake Erie, attending school and working on the farm until he was twenty vears of age. He then became a sailor on the great lakes and followed that vocation for two years. On the 8th of September, 1842, he was inarried to Miss Hannah O'Dell. In 1857 they removed to Clark county, Missouri, where they lived for twelve years. On the 14th of November, 18G2, Mr. Butler enlisted as a private in Company I, Sixteenth Illinois Cavalry. This was an independent regiment organized for protection, and our subject soon rose to the rank of second lieutenant. He participated in the battle of Jonesville, Virginia, where he, with others, was taken prisoner, and was held for nearly a year, spending some eight niontlis in the famous Andersonville prison. He was mustered out of the service at Nash- ville, Tennessee, on the 20th of August, 1865, and was discharged at Chicago. He at once returned to Clark county, Missouri. In 1869 they came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled in Leven township, where they were among the early settlers and pioneers. lie has since made Pope county his home, and now resides in Villard, although he owns and carries on a farm of 240 acres in West- port and Glenwood townships. It should be stated that Garrett Butler, a l)rother, en- listetl in the same company as our subject, and was taken prisoner at the same time — spending four months and five days in the reljel prisons at Richmond and Belle Isle. Garrett Butler has made his home with our subject for forty-one years. Both of the brothers are members of the Grand Army of the Republic, and also of the Masonic frater- nity. Mrs. Butler was born in Cayuga county. New York, and was a daughter of John and Betsy (Young) O'Dell. Her parents had a famih' of five children, as follows — Polly, DoiTiska, James. Hannah and Benjamin. Mr. and Mrs. Butler are the parents of four children — Lafayette, Ellen, Josephine and George II. All the children are married. Two of them live in Pope county, one in Tennessee, and one in California. Mrs. But- ler is an active and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. M' [^ERMAN AGUSTUS GRAFE, one of the leading and ])rosi)erous farmers of Pope county, and a resident of .section 22, Walden township, was born in Sax Alten- berg, Germany, November 4, 1840. In 1848 his jiarents came to this country and started for ]\Iilwaukee, but were afflicted with the cholera, and were quarantined at Rochester, New York, the mother dying of that disease before reaching Rochester. The father re- mained at Rochester, and our subject, after working for a few years, or until he was six- teen years old, came to Randolph, Wisconsin, rOPE COCXTY, Ml.WESOTA. 179 where he worked on a farm and went to school, earning enough money for liis suit- port. Tie I'eniained tliere until he was twenty, when he couinienced teaching school, which he followed, occasionally engaging in other occupations, until 186t>, when hi; came to Wabasha county, Minnesota. While there lie engageil in teaching, farming and thresh- ing for about five years, and then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a liome- steatl on section 22, Walden townshii). He did some breaking, and the same fall was married in Wabasha county to Miss Elizabeth O. Cooke, and located, in the spring of 1872, on ills ju'fsent place of residence. The grass- hoppers destroyed his entire crop one year, and he then taught school for one winter in Ap])leton. Oursubject isa man of honor and integrity, highly esteemed by all who know him. lie has been county sui-veyor for several years and chairman of the board of supervisoi's for nuiny years. Mr. Grafe has five children, four of whom are living and at home with tlie parents. In political matters he is a prohibitionist both in [irecept and practice. T^ARTIN PEDERSON, the subject of jf\tr'^ this biograi)liy, is a prominent and successful farmer of Pope county, residing on section 33, Rolling Fork townshiji. He is a native of Norway, born ten miles from Christiania, Norway, September 20, 1845, and is a son of Peter and Betsey (Petei-son) Olson, who were also natives of that king- iliiHi. (Jur subject lived with his parents until he was twenty-four years of age, dur- ing which time he worked out a gre;it deal. In ISC'.t became to the United States, set- tling liisi in Fillmore county, Minnesota, where he worked for farmers most of the time during live years. lie then came to Pope county, Minnesota, where he bought a farm of 160 acres on section 33, Rolling Foric township. At the time of his ])urchase the claim was wikl land, and he now has over eighty acres under cultivation, a good house, owns four horses, eighteen head cattle, and all the farm machinery he needs. Mr. Pederson was a ])oor man when he came here, but by that thrift, economy and industry which so distinguish the peojile of his nationality, he has placed himself in his present excellent circumstances. The marriage of Mr. Pederson occurred on the 30th day of March, 1879, when he was united to Miss Anna Davidson, daughter of Ole and Sogar (Nelson) Davidson, and they have the following children — Peter P>., Ole S., Bernt A., and Odena S. Mr. Pederson is a highly esteemed citizen in his township, and has been honored with the following offices : Supervisor, three ^^ears ; school director, three years, and in political matters he affiliates with the re]:)ublican party. !\ LBERT G. OLESON,an innuential and proiuinent farmer, residing on sec- tion 24, Barsness township, is a native of Norway. He was born at Ilollingdal, Nor- way, October 15, 1845. His parents, Ole and Margaret Torreson, moved to this country in 1849, settling in Dane count}^, "Wisconsin. They remained there until 1854, when they moved to Dakota county, ilinnesota. Soon after this Albert bade his parents good-bye, and, leaving the old home, started out for himself. His first venture was to purchase a farm, as he had worked out among the farmers. When eighteen he began running a threshing machine, and continued this for three years; a few years later he sold out aiul Avent into the mercantile business. He was occupied in this for a perioil of three j'ears, i8o rOPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. when he engaged in the collecting business and in running a threshing machine for six or seven years. He then came to Pope county, Minnesota, buying eiglity acres of land on section 24, Barsness township, and he also holds 300 acres of State land. Since coming here he has been very suc- cessfully engaged in farming, contracting, carpentering, etc. He has always devoted considerable attention to threshing, and now owns a steam power. Mr. Oleson was married, in ISfii, to Miss Agnes M. Iverson, and their union has been blessed with six children, as follows — Oscar, Ida, Martin, Emma, Minnie and Hilda. Mrs. Oleson was born in 1855, and is an estima- ble lad3^ The subject of this sketch is highly es- teemed by all who know him, and has been honored with various official positions in the township in which he lives, such as justice of the i^eace, chairman of supervisors, school clerk, etc. In political matters he is a staunch republican. |AMES FOWLDS, a merchant doing bus- iness at Chi])pewa Falls, is a native of Sterlingshire, Scotland, and was born Sep- tember 9, 1852. He is a son of John and Margret (Morrison) Fowlds. The father was engaged in farm pursuits in Scotland. He came to America in 1853, and settled at Lan- ark county, Canada, where he rented a farm and remained for twelve years. In 1865 he came to St. Charles, Minnesota, his family following the next season. He worked out until 1867, then came to Pope county and took up a homestead in Bangor town- ship. He then returned to St. Charles, re- maining over the winter, and brought his family to Pope county the following spring, going direct to his homestead, where he has lived ever since. He first built a log house. \vliich has since been replaced by a good sized frame house ; he also built him a good barn at about the same time. All his farm im- provements, including his s]ilendid grove, shows him to be a man of much industry and enterprise. He has a family of eight chil- dren — William, Catherine, Eliza, John, Mar- garett, James, Arthur and George. James, the subject of this biographical sketch, was educated in St. Charles, Winona county, Minnesota, and in Pope county. He spent his j^ounger days upon the farm and at worlcing out for others, thus Ijeginning life's career with the formation of the best of hab- its, giving character to his after life. At the age of twenty-one ye&vs he began life for himself. In 1873 he came to Chippewa Falls, where he engaged in teaming for J. A. Wheeler & Co., drawing flour between that place and Benson, for five years. He next engaged in trade, operating a general store at Chippewa Falls, continuing about a _year and one-half, after which he purchased ■ a farm of 118 acres in Grove Lake township, built and otherwise improved the same and sold it after about one year. He again re- turned to Chippewa Falls and leased the flouring mills, which he successfully operated for three years. He then went back into merchandising, this time buying out Wil- liam Moses, at Chippewa Falls, where he is still doing a flourishing business. Mr. Fou'lds is recognized as a prominent factor in the community in which he lives. In 1884 he was elected justice of the peace, holding that office for two terms. He has also served as both township and school treasurer. He hasconsiderai)le village prop- erty, including his comfortable residence, which he erected in 1880. In 1877 our subject was married to Miss Nancy J. Morrison, the daughter of William and Belle(Ivili)atrick| ISEorrison. Mrs. Fowlds was a native of Illinois, and is the mother of four intelligent children — Minnie L., Eunice POPE COUXTY, MINNESOTA. M., Ilobert and Jannie. This once cheery houselioUl was saddened, m\ tlie ISth of ^[arch, 1S8S, by the deatli of the wife and mother, Mrs. Fowkis, who was a consistent Christian, belonging to the Reformed Pres- byterian Church, and died in a glorious faith. It may here be added that i[r. Fowlds is a zealous prohibitionist, and is doing much good in this modern yet wide-spreading reforma- tion. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and one of the most intelligent and influen- tial citizens of the county. ents are now living. Mr. Lohre is a man of the greatest honor and integrity, and is held in high esteem. He has always taken an active and prominent part in all public mat- ters, and at present holds the oifices of dep- uty postmaster and assessor, besides having held about all the offices in his township at different times. He and his family are ex- emplai'v members of the Lutheran Church. He has a well-improved farm of 240 acres, and is engaged successfully in general farm- ing and stock-raising. v^LE LOHRE, a prosperous and highly ■steemed citizen of Pope county, is a resident of section 12, Langhei township. He is a native of Norway, born in the cen- ti'al })art of that kingdom on the ISth of January, 1850, and is the son of (.)le and ^fargret Lohre, who were .also natives of Noi'way. They came to the ITnited States in IStiT, and settled in Clayton county, Iowa, where they I'cmained two years, and then went to Minneapolis, where they remained one year. They then came to Pope countj^ Minnesota, and our subject settled on his ])i-esent place, and has lived there ever since. His mother died in 1878. Ole Lohre, the subject of the jjresent arti- cle. s])ont his school days in his native land, aiul at the age of sixteen years engaged in farming, in which occupation lie lias since been employed. He learned the carpenter's trade, and has worked at it to some extent, though farming has been his chief industry. Mr. Lohre was nuirried January 1, ISTf!, to Miss Sarah Nelson, and they have been blessed with the following children — Mar- grethe, Ole, Nels, Carl, Oleva and Eliza. Mrs. Loiire is a native of Norway, and came to the [Inited States in IST-t with her parents, : and, after landing in New York, they went to | Fillmore county, Minnesota, where her par- ' OHN S. WINSLOW, a resident of section 33, Westport township, settled there in 1ST.5, pui'chasing 200 acres at first, and later adding 160 acres more, giving him a farm of 300 acres. He is an extensive raiser of grain ami fine stock, including Durham cattle and Clydesdale horses. Our subject is a native of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, born November 3, 1824. He remained there until thirty years of age, when he was married, and engaged in farming and lumbering. He is the son of Lewis and Betsey (Shotts) Wins- low, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. They died in the latter State. The father was a farmer and a num of much public spirit and influence in his home county. In hfs religious belief he was a Baptist. ]\Ir. and Mrs. "Winslow, Sr., were the j)arents of seven children, t'our boys and three girls — Ellen, Zilpha, John S., "Wilson, Elizabeth, ilargret and William. Ellen l)ecame the wit'eof Steph- en Allen; her husband died in \s\':\, leaving a family of four childi'en. .Martiiet died in 1850. She was the wife of Austin Tliursten, and left several childi-en. Elizabeth, the^ wife of John C. Thorps, died in 1S70. John S. Winslow spent his sciiool tiays in his native State. When twenty-one years of age he engaged in farm labor. Ilepurcha.sed land and lived upon the same for twenty -live 1 82 POPE COUNTY, A/JN.ypSOTA. years. He married Miss Jenette Loghry, a native of Steuben county, Xew York. She was the daughter of William and Lucy (ITollock) Logliry, wlio were farmers. From Pennsylvania Mr. and Mrs. Winslow moved to Stevens county, Illini)is, where they bought a farm and remained lor one year, then went to St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where they remained for seventeen years on a farm of one hundred acres. From Wisconsin they removed to Pope countv, Minnesota. Mr. Winslow is a first-class farmer, and stands high in the opinion of his neighliors. He has served as a member of the board of super- visors for eight years; has also been school director and treasurer, and always takes an active pai't in public affairs. Their family consists of six children, five boys and one girl — George, John, Miles, Elizabeth, William and Orlando, all of whom are married except Miles. The latter located on a 300 acre farm in Eddy county, Dakota. Mr. Winslow has been a lifelong democrat, and in his religious connection, belongs to the United Brethren Church. ■•V' •! JIJENJAMIN TROEN, the subject of our J-lLy pi'csent article, is one of the most in- Huential and suljstantial farmers and stock- raisers of ]\[innewaska township, a ])romiiient man in all public affairs of the township, and withal an excellent representative of the best class of fanners in Pope county. He has a valuable farm on section 4 of the town- shi|) named, and his energy, economy and industry are abundantly evidenced by the fact that the building improvements and general condition of the ])lace are a credit to his enterprise, as well as to the locality in which tiiey ai'e situated. JJenjamin Troen was born in Xorway in 1852, and is a son of Peter and Martha (AVollan) Ti'oen. His parents were natives of Norway. The family came to the United States in 1871, and made their waj' direct to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled in White Bear Lake township. The father took a homestead of ICO acres on section 4, Minne- waska township, and settled upon it in 1ST2. There they have lived since that time. The parents had a family of three children — Mary A., now Mrs. Ole Kigg, of Glenwood ; Benjamin, our subject, and Henrietta. The family are exemplary and respected mem- bers of the Lutheran Cluirch. I'enjamin Troen, whose name heads this article, grew' to manhood beneath the roof of his parents' home, and remained in the land of his birth until about nineteen years of age, when he came to the United States and to Pope county, Minnesota, with bis parents, as above stated. He received a common school education. After coming here he worked out for about ten years, and then pm-chased eighty acres of land adjoin- ing the homestead in Minnewaska township, and has since had full control and manage- ment of the homestead. Our subject was married in 1SS2 to Miss Hannah Ilatling, and they are the parents of one child, named Marie Otelie. ]\[rs. Troen is a native of Norway, and a daugliter of Michael and Olivia Hatlino-. WILLIAM R. FLEMING, although a recent settler, is recognized as one of the most capable business men in Pope county. He was bjrn in Campsville, Sulli- van county, Pennsylvania, and is tiie son of John and Zilpha (Rogers) Fleming. His father is an extensive dealer in horses and also carries on farming. William spent his lioyhood days in school at Towanda, Peim- sylvania, and graduated at the Sus(|uehanna College. He is also a graduate of the War- ner Business College in Elmira, New York. POPE cocJVTV. Ar/y.vEsor.t 183 After completing his education Mr. Fleming clerked in ;i drag store in Towanda, Pennsyl- vania, lor three oi- four years, and in 1885 he came to Minneapolis, ^linnesota, wliei'c lie clerked in a drug store for 1). S. Cherry and 1). S. Merril, until ]\ray 1, ISSS. Our sub- ject then came to Lowry, IMinnesota, where he went into partnership with L. T). Urown, in the business at which he is at ])resent engaged. Jfr. Fleming has two sisters living in Minneapohs — a Mrs. B. S. Molyneaux. and Mrs. O. A. Gardner. Our subject is a man of integrity and excellent business ability, and is one of the most proficient druggists in Pope county. f3HN A. FLOTEN, one of Poi)e county's most prosperous farmers, resides on sec- tion 32, New Prairie township. He was born at P>ei'gen Stiff. Norway, September 22, 18,50. and by his thrift, energy and industry, is an excellent representative of that prosper- ous nation of which he is a dc'scendant. He remained with his ])arents until he was twen- tv-on(\ when he tnok charge of his father's farm, running it for live years. In 1874 our subject came to this country, settling in Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he re- nuvined one year. He then went to Buffalo county. "Wisconsin, and worked for farmers for two years. Coming from "Wisconsin with an ox team, he then located in Pope county, on section 32. New Prairie township, his present ))lace of residence. He lived among the neiirhboring- farmers the first month after coining here, until he had built a house. He has a comfortable frame dwelling on an ex- tensive farm of 200 acres, 125 acres of which are under cultivation, and is justly rated as one of the nujst substantial farmers in the western part of the county. 'Sir. Floten was married in f)ctober, 1871, to Miss Carrie Dahl, a daughter of Ole and Betsey Dahl, and they have been blessed with the following children — Betsey, Susan. Anna, T\rary, Anna, Caroline and Josejihine. Our subject has held the ottice of supervisor for two years, and is a representative man nf his townshi]). ^lli^HOMAS CALLAGHAN, a hospitable, Jl[/ enterpi-ising and successful farmer and stock-raiser residing on section 18, HofF township, is a native of County Cork, Ireland, and was Ix.rn May 20, 1823. His ])arents, who were Owen and Margaret (Bradley) Callaghan, were also natives of the "Emerald Isle," and remained there until the time of their death. The father was a weaver and a farmer. They were the par- ents of nine children — Margaret, Thomas, John, Michael, Eugene, Julia, Kate, Mary, and one whose name our subject docs not remember. Our subject, Thomas, Callaghan, spent his school days in his native parish in Trelaiul and tlien engaged in farming with his fatiier for one year. After this he worked at vari- ous occupations until lS.i2, when he sailed for the Fnited States, and, after a five weeks' voyage, landed in New York City. For seven years then he was located in Glens Falls, New York. After this he worked in various portions of the United States, trav- eling about a great deal and seeing various parts of the countr\', working meanwhile in Maine, Connecticut and Illinois. In 1869 he came to Minnesota, and for seven years lived at ^rinnea]>olis, engaged in grading streets and other labor. In 1876 he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and located in Iloff township, where he still resides. He took up a homestead and tree claim, and now owns 320 acres of excellent land, a good share of which is under a high state of culti- vation. He devotes a good share of his at- i84 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA tention to raising graded and blooded stock, and has a fine lot of graded stock, including one full-blooded Durham animal, which is one of the finest in the county. ]\Ir. Callaghan was mai-ried, March 27, 1853. to Miss Margaret Callaghan, a native of Ireland, and a daughter of Colonel Callag- han. They are the parents of eight chil- dren — Eugene, Peter, Jerry. Margaret, John, Tliomas, Mary and Cathei'ine. Peter, Mar- garet and John are married. Marv finished her education at the Academy of the Holy Angel, in Minneapolis, in ISsl, and since 1882 has been engaged in teaching school in Stevens and Swift counties. Margaret graduated from the Academy at Minneapo- lis, and for four years was a teacher in St. Joseph's Academy, St. Paul. She is now the wife of Amlrew Deneen, a merchant of New Richmond, Wisconsin. Thomas F. graduated at the St. Paul Business College, March 13, 1888, and is now engaged in the wholesale Ijusiness at St. Paul. Mr. Callaghan, in political matters, is in- dependent of party lines. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and is one of the lead- ing citizens of the locality in which lie lives. The family ai'e exemplary members of the Catholic Church. -e— ; «^^ James cook, the subject of the pres- ^ ent sketch, is an influential and well-to-do farmer, residing in Bangor townshi]), on sec- tion 6. lie was born in the western part of Canada, July 20, 1855, and is a son of James and Mary Atkinson, who were natives of Scotland, and who were married in Canada. Mi'S. Atkinson is at present living with her son, Thomas Cook, in Wisconsin, and is fifty-two years of age. The father died in 1875. He was a man who took an active interest in all township matters, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. He, with his wife, were exemplary members of the Methodist Church. He was i-aised a farmer, in which occupation he was engnged until the time of his death. Our subject had the following brothers and sisters — Andrew, Martha, Elizabeth, James, Jennie, Th(mias, Jessie, and the twins, Joseph and John, all of whom are living except Eliza- l)etli. Elizabeth was married to a Mi-. Fern, a miller. The sad event of her death oc- curred in 1877. Siie left two children — Allen and Baby. James Cook spent his school da3's in Can- ada, "Wisconsin and Minnesota. After fin- ishing .school he worked in the pineries dur- ins; the winters, and throuoh the summers was engaged in farming. The subject of this biography is a man who takes an active interest in all ])ublic matters, and is a repub- lican in bis political affiliations. Mr. Cook was united in marriage May 23, 1886, to Miss Martha Ilildretli. She was born in Little Falls, Minnesota, and is a daughter of George Hildieth. She was educated in Glenwood, Minnesota. She died May 11, 1887, and was buried in Grove Lake cemetery. ]\Irs. Cook was an active member of the Methodist Chui-ch, and was a woman beloved bv all who knew her. JTOHN JEFFERS. whoisa suljstantial fai in- ^ er. living on section 5, township 125. range 3<;, is a native of Irelami, born June 11, 1835, in Wexford county. He is a son of John and Mary (Linch) Jeffers. His father was a scliool teacher, and followed that hon- orable profession until his death, in 1847. The mother died in 1865, but spent the latter years of her life in America, coming to this country in 1858, and living in Rice county. She was buried at Northfield. The family consisted of five sons — Michael, Edward, John, Patrick and Thomas. Edward be- rOTE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 185 longed to the British army and died in the East India service. Jolin Jeffers, of whom this slcetcli will speak particularly, remained at home until he came to America, in 1852. He was reared as a butclier. but upon coming to this country engaged in farm pursuits, near Itipon, Wis- consin, after first stopping three weeks in Albany, New York, lie remained on the farm two years, and then, with his brother Micliael and family, settled on land in Rice county, Minnesota, at the town of Nortlifield, wiuM'o he remained until ISOl, and then of- fered his time to the country he had sworn to support and defend. He enlisted that year in the First ilinnesota Cavali'v. at Fort ynelHng, and wassoon sent South and joined by what wasknown as the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, which was, in fact, a regiment made up from men of various States. At iiistoric Fort Donelson he was wounded in the leg, and at Sugar Creek. Alaljama, received a sabi'e cut on the hand. In 1SG3 he reenlisted in ills old company and I'egiment, serving a little less than three years, his discharge dating May. IStit). After his rei'nlistment he was eny-ajred in liohtinj'- Indians west of the Mis- souri River, during which service he was thrown from his saddle and sustained seri- ous injuries. He was first a corporal, and under his second enlistment was made ser- geant. While a soldier at St. Peter, ]\Iin- nesota, he became acc^uainted with his wife. Miss Margaret Cheeney, and was maii'ied to her July 13, 1800. She was a native of Canada, and came to the States with her parents in cliildiiood. Sliortly aftei- tiieir marriage Mi', and Mrs. JellVrs moved to I'ope county and took up the homestead upon whic-ii tiiev now live. II is homestead, to- getiier witli the additional forty acres which lie entered as Govei'iiment land, made him a fai-m of 200 acres. He fii-st built a log house 12x16 feet in size, and tiien commenceil turning over the native sod, hitherto undisturbed by the em- blematic plow of civilization, llealso fenced his land in the best manner of any place in his section of the country, the material com- ing from a tamarack swamp, bordering upon his farm. lie remained in the pioneer cabin of logs, in which all his children were born, until 1886, when he built one of the best farm houses in the to^Aiiship. He also has ])rovided himself with excellent outbuild- ings and other improvements, which make the farm one of much value. He has a fam- il)' of seven children — Theresa, the eldest daughter, is now attending college at ^Minne- apolis; Robert E., John, Christopiier, Ed- mund, Jessie and Paul E. Mr. Jell'ers is a man of mai-ked and varied experience, and withal one who has made the most of every event of his life. He is a staunch republican, and is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, of wiiich he is post commander. He is also a worthy member and treasurer of the Masonic fra,- ternity and master workman of the lodge of Ancient Order of United Workmen. His family are consistent members bi the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Jeffers has always taken an active interest and jirominent part in all jjuljlic and educational alfairs, and his name has been prominently identified with the official his- tory of the county. He has held various official positions during his many years ()f residence here, and at the present writing is a member of the boai'd of county commis- sioners of Pope county. ..i^ BAVID W. GRANT, of (ilenwood, is a member of the firm of Grant Brotii- ers, one of the heaviest mercantile firms in the county. He is a native of Ottawa, Wau- kesha county, Wisconsin, where he was born March 26, 1852, and is a son of Peter and iS6 POPE COUNTY, MINKF.SOTA. Grace (McPherson) Grant. His parents were natives of Scotland, and were married in their native land. At an early day, in 1840, they came to the United States and set- tled at Caledonia, New York, where the father, who was a stone mason, followed his trade. In 1843 Peter Grant removed with his family to Ottawa, Wisconsin, where he Avorked some at his trade, and also engaged extensively in farming. The parents re- mained there until the time of their death, the father dying August 25, 1866, the mother Januaiy 20, 18S3. They were members of the IJajJtist Church, and for many yeai'S the father was a deacon in that organization. Peter Grant was a man of jn'ominence in the localit}' in which he lived. He came of that sturdy, determined Scotch race which has made the best citizens in the population of Minnesota and AVisconsin, a race proverbial for their integrity, industry, economy and genial, hospitable temj^erament, for it is an old and true saying that " no man goes hun- gry from a Scotchman's door." Peter Grant and his wife had a familv of four daughters and four sons. The daughters are all de- ceased. The sons are living, and bear the following names — James D., Alexander J., Daniel L. and David W. David W. Grant, the subject of our present article, spent his early boyhood upon the home farm and in attending school. He then supplemented his earlier education with two terms in j\Iilton College, in Rock county, Wisconsin, beginning in 1869. At the ex- ])i ration of this time he spent two years in clerking for his brother at Palmyra. Wiscon- sin. We next find him on Si>ring River, in Arkansas, where he ran a railway supply store for eight months, after which he re- turned to his AVisconsin home, and for a year was laid up with malarial fever and ague. Upon his recovery he purchased a half inter- est in a general merchandise store at Dous- man. AVaukesha countv, AVisconsin, where be continued in business for three j^ears and a half. He then decided to come West, and in 1887 located in Pope county, Minnesota, engaging with his brother, Daniel L., in the general mercantile trade at Glen wood. They are still in trade, carrying as large a stock as any firm in the county, and by fair dealing have built up an extensive business. D. W. Grant was married March 5, 188-4, to Miss Alice B. Coburn, a native of AVhite- water. AA'isconsin, and a daughter of Freder- ick and Ludema (Rice) Coburn. Daniel L. Gkaxt, the senior member of the firm of Grant Brothers, was born at Ot- tawa, Wisconsin, ou the 19th of October, 1840. As he apiiroached manhood he lived for one year in Chicago, and then for nine }'ears made his liome in Kansas City. In 1887, as above stated, he came to Pope count}', Minnesota, and, in company with his brother, David AV., established the gen- eral mercantile business which they still con- duct. D. L. Grant was married February 15, 1885, to Miss Mamie Donnelly, and they are the parents of one child, named Alexander L. Mr. Grant is a man of wide information and extensive business experience, and, aided by his brother, the firm has built U]i an ex- tensive trade. l'-^- OHN PEACOCK, a member of the board ^' of county commissioners, and one of the most prominent and influential farmers in Po])e county, resides on section 25, Reno township. He was born in Little York, now a part of the city of Toronto, Canada, in February, 1832, and is a son of John and Rebecca (Cunningham) Peacock. The ])ar- ents were both natives of Ireland, who had come to Canada in their youth and were mai-ried there. The father was a coojier b}' trade, but followed farming during the POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 1S7 greater jnirt of his life. Both are now dead; the father died in Canada, about lS4-t, and the mother died in Po])e comity. May 1. 18S0. They had a family of the following children— Elizabeth J.. John, James, George, AVilliam. Joseph. IJobert. >rargaret and Andrew, and one named William, who died in infancy. Margaret became the wife of Kobert Wilson, and died January U, 1888, leaving a large family. Of the remaining children of John reacock, Sr.. and wife — two are in Canada, one in Michigan and the rest are in Pope county, Minnesota. John Peacock, the subject of our present sketch, received his education in Canada, at- tending school until he was twelve years of aii-e. but. as his father died at al)ont this time, his school days were shortened. After leaving school he aided his mother in the labor of carrying on the farm. When he was about twenty-five years of age he began life on his own account, and in 1858 was married to Mary Ann Drury, a native of Ireland. He followed farming in Canada foi' three years, and then removed with his familv to North- ern Michigan, where he was engaged in farming and lumbering for five years. He had the misfortune to lose his wife there by death. He then removed l)ack to Canada and remained thei'C until March, 1866, when he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead of 160 acres on section 25, Reno township, where he has lived ever since. He now has one of the most valuable farms in the township, compi'ising.3'20 acres, agood share of wliicli is under a high state of cul- tivatiiin. and there devotes his attention to stock-raising and general fai'ming. Py his first wife Mr. Peacock became the fatlier of the following children — Rebecca Ann, Margaret, Elizabeth Jane and Robert (ileceased). All of the living children are married. Robert died in infancy. Mr. Peacock was married to his present wife on the 2nd of Januarv, 1880. She was Anna Bryce, a native of Canada, born in April, 1851, and a daughter of AV'illiam and ]\Iai-ia (Christilaw) I'l'vce. Bv this marria<'-e Mr. and TMrs. Peacock are the parinits of five living children — Melissa, John Robert, Minnie Eveline, Birdie ifay and William Henry. The family are exemplary mendjers of the Episcopal Chui-ch, Mr. Peacock being treas- urer of that organization. In political matters our .subject is a prohi- bitionist, lie has always taken an active and prominent part in all ])ublic matters and educational affairs. He has held a great many of the local offices, and in 1886 was elected county commissioner of this district, and his name is pi'ominently identified with the official history of both the town and county. #EORGE FREDERICK TAPLIN, one of the most jirominent, enterpris- ing and intelligent farmers in Walden township, resides on section 26. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, November 22, 1852, and is the son of George and Margaret (Gill) Taplin, both residents of Boston, where his father was engaged in the commission and i)rovision business. At an early age our subject acquired his education in the excellent schools of the city of his birth. After finishing school he clerked in a store until he was twentj'^-one, and in 1873 he came to Walden township, Pope county, ifinnesota, and bought land on section 22, on which he lived for two vears. He then took up a homestead on .section 26, his present phice of residence. Since tiien he has bought forty acres of additional land, and also has a tree claim. He has one of the most beautiful farms in the township and a comfortable house and grove of his own ))lanting. His farm lies on the shore of Lake Emily, and the general apjiearance of rS8 POPE COUiVTY, M/XXF.SOTA. the place, in thrift and high state of tillage, bespeaks the energy and enterprise character- istic of its proi)rietor. On January 8, 1S7G, Mv. Taplin was married to Ehiiira Phinney, of Boston, who came out iiere, met "Mr. Taplin, and married him at AViUmar, IVlinnesota. Their union lias been blessed with two children — Frank Evarts, boi'n December 20, 1S76, and Richard I'hinney, born February 5, ISTS, and died June 2, 1883. Our subject is an excellent businessman, and one of the most prosperous farmers of his township. lie has hekl numerous offices in the township, such as town clerk and justice of the peace, and during liis entire resilience here has been a member of the school board. In politics Mr. Taplin is a re]ml)licaii. with proliilMtion tendencies. «^- ^ M ^XEL G. ENGLUND is one of the most i^^V ])rominent, capable and enterprising- business men in Starbuck, where he carries on the agricultural implement trade. He is a native of Sweden, born September 15, 1860, and is a son of Xels and Maria C. (Stomberg) Englund. His father was a farmer, distiller and nranufacturer of and dealer in woolen o-oods in the old country. Ilis father had a family, all told, of twenty cliildren, eight by his first and twelve by his second wife, our subject being the tenth child of the second wife. Two of the first family and three of the .second came to the United States. Adolph F., a half brother of Axel, was for some time in business at Glen wood, and later was engaged in the general mer- chandise business, and became postmaster at Hancock, Stevens county, where he died in 1883. Our subject was raised upon a farm in the land of his birth, and at the early age of twelve years he was thrown upon his own resources, so that since that time he has made his own way in the w'orld. lie remained in his native kingdom until he was nineteen \'ears of age. when, on the Ttli of June, 1870, he sailed for America, landing in (Quebec, and proceeded at once to Hancock, Minne- sota, where he arrived on the 23d of the same month. For a time he was engaoed on a farm, and then secured a position as engi- neer in an elevator, which he retained for two years. At the expiration of that time he secured a position as clerk in the general store of C. C. Emerson, where he remained for one year. In the fall of 1883 he came to Starljuck, and, during the following year, established his present business, putting in a full line of farm machinery. He now car- ries one of the most complete stocks in the county, inchuHng threshing machines, Deer- ing. Champion, Osborn, Winona and Buck- eye binders and mowers. Monitor seeders, plows, wagons, buggies, repair supplies, and in fact everything of that nature. He is also engaged in buying and selling stock, anil, as he is a man of tlie strictest integrit\' and a careful business nnm, he is building up an extensive trade. Mr. Englund was married, in 1884, to Miss Jennie Nelson, of Wisconsin, and their union has been blessed by the advent of two chil- dren — Carl J. and Mabel J. -H^ «^^ ^III^HOMAS G. McNUTT, formerly a banker yli7 and merchant at Glenwood, where he still lives, is one of the most prominent, in- fluential and highly respected old settlers in Poj)e county. He is a native of Nova Scotia, born July 14, 1841, and is a son of John and Celia E. (Morse) McNutt, natives of the same province. The father, John McNutt, was a contractor and builder. In 1845 the family removed to Maine, where the father engaged in ship building, taking contracts and doing POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA i8g an extensive business, running crews of from twenty-live to lift}' men. Tliev remained in Maine for eight years, when they went to Indiana, settling at Nobleville, Hamilton county, where the father i>ursued liis calling. In 1858 they came to Hastings. Dakota county. Minnesota, where the father followed his jjrofession until 1808, when he engaged in farm i tig near Castle Hock. In 1870 they came to I'ope county and settled at Grove Lake, and were among tiie earliest settlers of tliat townsiii]). There they began im- provements, setting out trees, breaking, building fences, etc., and erected a hewn log house, 18x28 feet in size, which is still standing. Tiiere the father lived until the time of his death in 1871. He had received an injury in a tiireshing machine during the previous year which eventually caused his death. He and iiis wife had a family of eight children, four of wiiom are now livintr — ^Irs. C T. Strannehan, Mrs. E. S. AVillson, Thomas G. and Mrs. J. G. Whittemore. John McNutt was a prominent factor in the early development of the eastern ]iart of the county. He was a rej)ul)lican, and iield a great many local offices. He and his wife were memi)ei's of the Presbyterian Cliurch, and he was a deacon in tiiat oi'gani/.ation for numv vears. A man of tlie strictest intes:- rity, of untiring energy, he was always busy, yet alwa\'s had time to aid in ever}' enter- prise of a public nature. Thomas G. ]\[cXutt. whose name heads our present sketch, sj)ent his younger days in school in Maine and Indiana. When sev- enteen years of age lie commenced to learn the printei-s" trade at Peoi'ia, Illinois, but did not serve out his full apprenticeship. In 1859 he engaged in the photography business in Chicago, but after one year's experience at this he engaged as a cabin boy and stew- ard on a ^Mississippi Iliver steamboat, and followed tliat avocation for eighteen months. In the mean time, the war for the Union had begun, and in ls, when he removed to Glenwood and engaged in the mercantile business with J. G. Whittemore, afterward including i)anking. This was con- tinued until the present summer, when the business was closed out, and Mr. McNutt re- tired from the active cares of business. He has always taken an active interest in all public mattei-s, and was for many years chairman of the town board in Grove Lake. He is a republican in political matters, and a member of the Grand Army of the Ke|)ublic. Mr. and Mrs. McNutt are the parents of four children — (Tertrude. John (i., P(\irl and Lucv. I go POPE COUiVTY, MIXXESOTA Mrs. McXutt is a native of Xew York, and a daughter of Lewis and Pliebe (Lovell) I'eacli. natives of Tompkins county, Xew Yorlc. Her fatiier was a carpenter by trade, and followed that occupation in his native State until ls5ii, when he came AVest and settled near Belle Plaine, Scott county, ilin- nesota, where he engaged in farming. In 1S70 the family i-emoved to Pope county, and settled upon a farm in Grove Lake town- ship, where the father died, in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Beach had a family of three children, two of whom, Mrs. Josephine McNutt and Walter L.. are now living. lp\UDLEY D. DANFORTH, a resident of Jl^^ section 5, is one of the most highly respected citizens of Iloff township. A man of ripe vears, he has partially retired from the active cares of life, and is held in high esteem by all wholcnow iiim. The manage- ment of thefarnihas devolved ui)on Mr. Dan- fcjrth's son, IJenjaniin F., who is recognized as one of the most enterprising and suc- cessful agriculturists in that })art of the county. Dudley D. Danforth was born in Penobscot county, Maine, October 26, ISO", and is a son of Xathaniel and Anna (Doe) Danforth, natives, respectively, of New Hampshire and Maine. His fatiier was a farmer and lum- l)erman, and was the parent of nine children, three boys and six girls, our subject being the fifth born. Our subject received a prac- tical education in his native State, and upon starting out in life for himself engaged in farming. Later he was engaged in the lumber trade in Maine, which he followed for nearl\^ thirty years. In ISo-i he came West and located at Prescott, Wisconsin, where he remained for twenty-three years, carrying on farming and stock-raising. In 1877 he removed to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled ujion 160 acres of railroad land on section 5, Hoff township, where he has since lived. lie now owns about 2d0 acres of tine land, a "ood share of which is under a hio-h state of cultivation. Our subject was married on the 22tl of April. 1841. at Argyle, Maine, to Miss Maria Comstock. She was a daughter of Solomon Comstock, and was liorri at Argyle, Maine, April 2, 1823. Mr. and Mrs. Danforth are the parents of four living childi'en — I\[ai'ia Josephine, now Mrs. Jack Wilson; Matilda v., now ]\Irs. Frank Wilcox ; Benjamin Franklin and Luc}'. Ben.iamin Franklin Daxfokth was Ijorn at Oak Grove, Pierce count\', Wisconsin, September 18, 1859. lie grew to manhood at Prescott, Wisconsin, and received his ed- ucation at the excellent common schools of the '* Badger State." In 18T7 became with his parents to Minnesota, and lias since been a resident of Pope county. During late years he has had the full control of the farm, and is an excellent business manager. He is independent in political matters, ami is the present treasurer of the school district in which he lives. ^J-3t;i\'CHAEL ERICKSON HELLAND, a ic\.iT%. pros])erous farmer, located on sec- tion 1, in Barsness townsliip, is an xVmerican by birth. He was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, in September, 185i, where he re- mained until he was twenty-one \'ears of age. AVhile there, by strict economy and energy, he managed to give himself a fair education, goino- to school winters and workins: dur- ing the summers. After leaving Wisconsin, at the age of twenty-one, he came to Pope count}^, Minnesota, and settled on a farm, which his father had boug-ht for him eight POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 191 years before, wliere Micliael is at present re- siding. Dining tiie year ISSO he was lo- cated in tiie village of Starbuck, engaged in the hardware, lumber and farm-machinery trade, l)ut. not likingthe business, he returned to his farm, lie is now engaged in general farming and stock-raising, at which he lias been (juite successful. He has a substantial herd of cattle and horses, which he has ac- cumulated, and has one of the most desira- ble farms, of 150 acres, in the county, 100 acres being under cultivation. His ]>arents, Erick and Segra (Hendrick- son) Michaelson, are natives of "Norway, and are now residing in Wisconsin. His fathers aire is (iftv-eiiiht and his mother's sixtv. Our subject has four brothers and two sisters, all of whom are living in Wisconsin. His brothers, Kdward and Anton, are engaged in the mercantile business, and all are single except Edward, who is married to Lena Johnson. His brothers, Henry and George, are farmers in Wisconsin. Mr. Helland was married, November 24, 1S75, to Isabelle Ivnuteson, a daughter of Knute Knuteson Ilevered and Vliwy Tosten- son Ilippe. Six children have been born to them — Even, Sophia, Mary, Henry, Ida and Selma. Mrs. Helland's parents are living in Pope county, and she has seven sisters and one brother residing in Pope county, all of whom are single except Jessie, who mai'ried James S. Darkes, of Glenw^ood, and Mary, who married Peter Leasoii, and is living in Langhci townshi]). Mr. Helland is a prominent and respected citizen of the county, and has held numer- ous official positions in his township, such as chairman of the supervisoi-s, assessor and school clerk and, wiiile in Starbuck, was president of village board, etc. He, with his relatives, are exemplary members of the Nor- wegian Lutheran Church. In political niat- tere he is a rci)ublican. ij;>< ENNETH McKENZlE, one of the oldest IE-i\^ and most influential citizens of Ben Wade township, resides on sections 13 and 24. He was born in Southern Shire, Scot- land, November 1.5, ISljf!, and is a son of Duncan and Arabella (McKenzie) McKenzie. He lived at home on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, when he bought a farm and worked on it until 1868. Immi- grating to the United States, he came direct to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a home- stead on sections 13 and 24, Ben Wade town- ship, where he has since lived. Mr. McKenzie has a farm of 290 acres, and is a respected and prosj)erous farmc^r. He has held numer- ous offices in the township. He is an exem- ])lai'y member of the Presbyterian Church, liaving been a deacon in that organization for a number of years. In political matters our subject is a prohibitionist. The subject of this sketch was married March 11, 1863, to Miss Agness Scott, a daughter of William and Agness Scott, and their union has been blessed with the fol- lowing children — William, Agnes, Duncan, John, Henrietta, Jane, Arabella. Elizabeth, Jesse, Kenneth and Ethel, all of whom are living. — «•- -.^►. ^|kATHIAS MONSON, a prosperous and JT^tr^ highly esteemed citizen of Pope county, is a resident of section 4, Lake Johanna townshi|). He is a native of Noi'- way, burn June 2(>. 1844, and is a son of Muns and Karn Jensdatter, who were na- tives of the same kingdom. Our suljject has the following brothei-s and sisters — John. Gustoff, Otto. Bertie. Oleva, Cena. Matt, Caroline and Carl. The last two are deceased. At the age of seventeen years, our subject linished his education, and, after remaining at home for three years, he went to Christiania. He engaged in farming near I92 POPE COUXTY, M/.VA'ESOr.l. that place for the next five years, and in 1866 he came to the United States. After land- ing in Quebec, Canada, he went to La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he remained on a farm for one year. In tiie si)ring of 1868, he moved to Fillmore county, Minnesota, and, after living there one year, went to Freeborn county, Minnesota. He i-emained there for a period of three years, when he moved to Tope county, Minnesota, and settled on his present claim. His parents are still residing in Freeborn county, Minnesota. Our subject was married, December 29, 1866, to Miss Martha Simonsdatter, a native of Norway. They have been blessed with the following children — Samuel, Karl, Bertie, Julius and ilartin — all of whom are single and living at home with their parents. The subject of this sketch is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, and is highl}' esteemed by all who know him. He has held the offices of assessor, supervisor, school director, etc. He and his family are exemplary meinbers of the Lutheran Church, of which oi-ganization he is a trustee. In political matters Mr. Monson affiliates with the republican party. He is in com- fortable circumstances financial!}', and has a farm of 200 acres, with 115 acres under culti- vation. He carries on farming and stock- raising extensively, and is regarded as one of the most successful and substantial farmers in the southern portion of the county. ^iljI^HOMAS E. THOMPSON, tiie subject \JJ of the i^resent sketch, is classed among the [irosperous and well-to-do citizens of Pope county. He is a resident of section 6, Blue JIouiul township, where he has an ex- tensive farm of 24(i acres, with comfortable building improvements. He was l)oi'n in Bergen Stiff, Norway, July 14. 184.5, and is a son of Ingebrit and Oleva (Oleson) Thomp- son, who were also natives of that kingdom. They came to the United States in 1862, and after landing in Quebec, Canada, they came to Dane county, Wisconsin, whei'e thej' re- mained for six years, and then came to Pope county, settling on section 13, Blue Mound township. Our subject received his educa- tion in Norway and Wisconsin, and from the time of his parents' settling in Wisconsin he made his own way in the world. Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Mar}' Brevig, April 2, 1873. She is a native of Norway, and is the daughter of Lars Brevig. Our subject and wife are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, of which he has been a trustee for six years, also deacon for one year. He takes an active interest in all public matters, and has held the follow- ing offices: Township clerk, school clerk, sujiervisor and assessor. He has usually been a delegate to the republican county conven- tions, and is an active worker in all official and public matters. By their marriage they have been blessed with one child, Edwin, born May 21, 1878. Mr. Thompson was the second settler in his townshi]!, and was the one who got up the petition to organize it, naming it from his old township in Wisconsin. He now is in very comfortable circumstances, and has a neat house nestled in a dense grove of trees of his own planting. ^^WEN ANDERSON, the subject of the '^^S) present article, is a thrifty and es- teemed citizen of Langhei townshi]i, residing on section 12. He was born in Norway, at Aurdal, Api'il 30, 1863. and is a son of An- drew and ]\[aret (Swenson^ Engeliretson, who were mari'ied in their native land, Noi-way, and C:une to the United States in 1866. They landed in (Quebec, Canada, and then settled in La Crosse, Wisconsin, where they rOPE COUNTY, A/IJVjVESOTA. 193 lived one year. Tliey then came to Pope county, Minnesota, where they have since remained. The father lias a]\va\'s been engaged in the occupation of fanning, and at present is a respected '"tiller of the soil" in Langhei township. The school days of our subject were spent in his present locality, and after those happy days were over he engaged in farming. Mr. Anderson was joined in the holy bonds of marriage. June 6, 18^3, to Miss Mary Johnson, and they have been blessed with two children — Ida and .\lbert. She was born in Allamakee c(»unty, Iowa, Octo- ber T, 186(1, and is a daughter of John and Ingebar (Larson) Olson, who came to the United States in 1S55 and settled in Iowa, where the father is still engaged in farming. She is the youngest of six children — John, Lewis, Bornt, Eliza, Martha and Mary. Mr. Anderson is one of the most promi- nent and reliable farmers of the county. He has held the following offices — postmas- ter, constable, school director, etc., etc. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, as are his family. In political matters our subject is a staunch republican. ^^EORGE B. COBURN, who resides at \^ Chippewa Falls. Pope county, Minne- sota, was born in Sheffield county. Canada, ^laich 2 ■ ■S^^"»>— JM^ANS SUCKSTORFF, a prosperous J!r^ farmer and one of the most prominent citizens of the southwestern part of the county, is a resident of section 12, Gilchrist township. He was born in Norway, June 7, 1844, and is a son of Christian Fredrick and Christiana Tomena (Jacobs) Suckstorff, who were natives of the same kingdom. When Hans was nine years of age his father died, and four years later his mother moved to this coun- try, settling in La Crosse, county, Wisconsin. There she took a preemption claim of eighty acres, and with her two sons cleared the farm, which was chiellv timber land. Mrs. Suckstorfif remained there until the summer of 1868, when she came to Pope county, Minnesota, where she has since lived with her son. Christian, in Gilchrist townshij). Hans, our ]>resent subject, made his home with his mother until shortly after the out- break of the Civil War, and then, on the 1st of January, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Second Wisconsin cavahy, and was mus- tered into the service at Camp Washburne, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served with his regiment all through the service, until No- vember 15, 1865, and participated in all their expeditions through Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. After being mustered in the regiment was sent direct to St. Louis, where our subject was fitted out with supplies and a horse. For a few days they were stationed at Jef- ferson Cit\% Missouri, and then ordered to Helena, Arkansas, to guard a supply train of 120 wagons, for General Curtis" army, which was then in the South. While at Helena,, which was really headquarters until the spring of 1S63, the command suffered the loss of a great manv men from fever and disease, and those who were so fortunate as to retain their health were obliged to do double duty. In the spring of 1863 the reg- iment was ordered to Memphis, and from there to Vicksburg, and participated in the siege of that place. After the surrender of Vicksburg the command with which our sub- ject was connected on July 4, 1864, started in pursuit of General Johnston, and upon their return from this ex})edition returned to Vicksburg. The following winter of 1863-64 they were in camp at Red Bone church, some twelve miles from Vicksburg. In the spring of 1864 the regiment veteranized, and our subject came home on a " thirty day veteran furlough." He tlieii returned to Vicksburg, where he i-emained during most of the year i864. on scouting (luty. From there he went to Memphis, Tennessee, in the rorp. couxTY, nr/xxF.soT.i. 195 fall of 1S(U, and participated in Gi-ierson's famous raiil to cut off Hood in his retreat from Nashville ; and at Egypt Station they captured over 700 rebels, which they took to Vicksburg. From there they went to Mem- phis, and remained until after (ieneral Lee's surrender. In Jidy, 18(>5, they went to Alexandria, Louisiana, and fi'om there to Texas with General C'ustei'. They were mustered out in the fall of ISfiS at Austin, Texas, and after his discharge our subject at once returned to his mother's place in La Crosse county, Wisconsin. Pie renuuned there until the following spring of 186G, when he started for Pope county, ^[innes()ta, in com- pany with Ole Peterson, Ole Thorson and Thomas Thompson, coming overland with teams. They made their way directly to Gil- christ township, where all of the part\' except our subject selected claims and settled. Hans Suckstorif remained some three weeks, help- ing the others erect their cabins and get set- tled, after which he returned to Wisconsin. In the fall of 1866 he returned to Pope county, Minnesota, was married to Miss Lena Peter- son, and settled on his present farm of 160 acres on section 12, Gilchrist township, where lie has since lived and carried on success- fullv the business of diversified farmino- and stock-raising. When Mr. Suckstorff canu; liere the settlers were obliged to undergo many disadvantages and hardships. The nearest raili-oad point was at St. Cloud, where thev were oblio-ed to go for groceries and provisions, and Paynesville, thirt^'-five miles away, was the nearest postoflice. There were onh' six set- tlers in what is now Gilchrist township. Times were very hard, money scarce, and no chance to secure work. Our subject at one time paid $25 dollars for a barrel of flour and at another sln.25 for a sack. Dur- ing the fall of 1866 Mr. Suckstorff, while out hunting. at one time saw two buffaloes near where the mill at Chij)pewa Falls now stands. Our subject has always taken an active and prominent part in all public and educa- tional matters, and his name is indissolublv connected with the official history of both town and county. Tie has held a great many of ilie local offices, and for one tei'm held the office of county commissioner for the district in which he lives. Mr. and Mi's. Suckstorff have but (me child, DorothaT., now Mrs. Ole I'. Peterson. -«>-; «»> Jj^ OSS SHAW came to Pope countv in -LmV l>'^'i6, first settling on sections 28 and 33, Wcstport township, taking up a home- stead of 160 acres. He at once began to make his improvements. In all he now has 280 acres of land, upon which he carries on grain and stock-raising. Mr. Shaw was among tlie very first settlers in the township. The precinct was organized in 1867. Mr. Sliaw was born in New Jersey, October 5, 1838. He is the son of Aaron and Ellen Earclow, of New Jersey. The father was a miller by trade, following the same until his / gent farmer, residing on section *j, Hoff township, was born in Norway, April 1, 1837, and is a son of Neis and Elizalieth (Oleschitter) Eilingson. The mother tlied in her native land, and in 1869 the father came to the United States, and located in Iowa. One year later he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homesteatl of eighty acres in Iloff township, remaining here until the time of his death, November 26, 1SS7, being at tliat time eighty 3'ears old. Nels Eilingson and wife were the parents of three children — Ole Nelson, our subject, Mary, now Mrs. Gilbert Joiinson, anti Carrie, now >hs. .Albert Peterson. Ole Nelson '■x^-iiw to manhood in tlie iantl of his birth, attending school until he was fourteen years old, when he was engaged at work in tlie pineries. Latei' lie entered the regular army of Norway, and served for five years. In 1868 he sailed for America, landing in Quebec, Canada, after a vo3'age of over seven weeks, and proceeded to Clav- ton county, Iowa, where he engaged in farm- ing and remained Uiv two years. At the expiration of that time he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and located on section 6, lioff township, where he has since lived. He has made all the imj)rovements on the place, and now farms 240 acres, devoting his atten- tion to stock-raising and general farming. Mr. Nelson was married in August, 1862, to Miss Mary Thorenson. She was a native of Norway, having come to the United States with her father in 1869, and located in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are the par- ents of six children — So[)hia. Martin, Lena, Mary. Olive and Nels, all of wlxmi are still single. The family are active and exemplary mem- bers of the Lutheran fUuircli. Mr. Nelson, in political matters, affiliates with the repub- lican part}'. ^4.-. -.^. ([^HARLES P. REEVES, county attorney, ^y and one of the most capable and ])i'om- inent law^'ers in Pope county, is a native of Dane county, Wisconsin, born February 3, 1856. His parents were John and Jane (Oswin) Peeves, natives of England. The fatiier, John Reeves, came to America in 1850, and spent three years in Dane county, Wisconsin, at Madison and Middleton. He then returned to England, where he was mariied to Jane Oswin, and in 1855, with his young bride, he came again to the United States and settled in Dane count}', Wiscon- sin. He was extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising, anil was among the early ig8 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. pioneers of that I'eoion. In 1S69 he sold out his interest there and removed to Mitcliell county, Iowa, where he was extensively en- gaged in farming until the time of his death in ISS-I. His widow is now a resident of St. Paul. They luul a family of five sons, as follows— Cliarles P., our subject; Henry, a stock buyer at Decorah and West Union, Iowa ; Sidney H., a druggist in St. Paul ; Arthur J., a real estate dealer in St. Paul, and Frederick W., a student at Hamline University. John Reeves, the father, was a prominent man during his lifetime in the locality in which lie lived. He was a repub- lican in political matters, and both he and his wife were members of the Church of England. Charles P. Reeves, the subject of our pres- ent sketch, remained at home, and spent his boyhood, from the time he was fourteen until he was nineteen years of age, in attend- ino- the district schools. When nineteen he entered the Cedar Valley Seminary, an ed- ucational institution of high rank, located at Osage, Iowa, took a full course, and was graduated in the class of 1878, receiving the degree of B. S. He then entered the law office of Cyrus Foreman, of the same place, and there pursued his law studies until the fall of 1881, at which time he entered the law department of the State University at Iow\a Citv, from which he was graduated in the s])ring of 1882. In the spring of 1883 he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and located at Glenwood, where he has since pursued his profession and built up a lucrative ]iractice. In 18Si he was elected county attorney, and has held the position ever since. Mr. Reeves is a republican in jiolitical matters, a mem- ber of the j\t;isonic fraternity and also a member of the United Woi'kmen. Our subject was married in January, 1885, to Miss Mabel Daley, of Osage, Iowa, and their fannly consists of one daughter. Ha- zel M. l|s\^EVl B. CANTLEBERRY, an ex-Union I'j^^ soldier, antl one of the most prom- inent and influential farmers in the northern part of the county, resides on section 25, Leven township. He was born in Holmes county, Ohio, October 6. 181:-1, and is a son of David and Louisa (Davenport) Cantle- berry. His father, who was born in Pennsjd- vania, died in 1886. He was aprominent man during his lifetime in the locality in which he lived, taking an active interest in pub- lic affairs, and held various official positions, including that of postmaster, in Ohio for a number of years. The mother is still living. David Cantleberrv and wife were the par- ents of five chililren, four boys and one girl, as follows — Emanuel, Maria, Levi, AVilliam and James, all of whom are still living. Levi B. Cantleberry, our subject, s])ent his boyhood days and received his education at Waseon, Ohio, and grew to manhood in his native State. He attended school until he was fifteen years of age, and remained at home until the Civil War Ijroke out. He then, in 1861, enlisted in the Fourteenth Ohio Infanti-y, and afterward in the Thirty -eighth Ohio Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He saw ver^' active service, and participated in a number of the most famous battles of the war, among the most impor- tant of which were the battles of Stone River, Mission Ridge. Chickamauga, and also in the Atlanta campaign, being with Sherman in his famous " march to the sea." He was honorably discharged at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio, in 1865, and shortly after- ward came to Minneapolis, whei-e he lived from October, 1865, until 1880. In the latter year he came to Pope county and pui-ciuised 160 acres of land on section 25, Leven town- ship, where he still lives. He now has one of the most valuable farms in the township, comprising 220 acres, well improved, and de- votes his attention to stock-raising and gen- eral farming. He has a fine barn, and POPE COUMTY. MINNESOTA. 199 has it well filled with graded and common stock. Mr. Cantleberry was married May 13, 1868, to Miss Letta S. IMoffett, and they have become the parents of five children — Emma, Cliarles. Walter, Andrew and Alvin. Emma is now the wife of E. S. Brag<^. a dairj'raan, of St. Paul. Mrs. Cantleberry is a native of Illinois. Mr. Cantleberry lias always taken an act- ive interest in public matters, and has been prominently identified with otlicial matters since he came here, having held various local offices, such as assessoi-, supervisor, etc. He is a I'cpnblican in jiolitical matters, and an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic. • •*> • fDHN O. ESTENSON, a highlv esteemed and successful business man of Cyrus, is engaged in the grocery trade. He was born near Galena, Illinois, in a "railroad shanty," on the 18th of February, 1853. His father was then working on the railroad, but soon afterward moved to a farm near St Peter, Nicollet county, Minnesota, and there our subject remained until he was twenty -one 3'ears of age. He then engaged in buying and selling cattle foi' four years. Coming then to Stevens county, he took a homestead near Hancock, where he re- mained until 1880, when he removed to Cyrus, in Pope county. There John O. Es- tenson opened a store, stocked with a full line of groceries and crockery ware. He is also deputy postmaster for his father-in-law, K. J. Huzavold. Mr. E.stenson owns three steam threshing machines, and his enterprise and business ability have prominently iden- tified him with the growtii and development of the western part of the county. Tiie subject of this biogra])hy was mar- ried June 22, 1882, to Miss Pertha II. Huza- vold, and their union has been blessed with three children — Alfred, Carl and Emma. His parents are both dead, his father dying in June, 1886. and his mother in August, 1870. The following are the children of his parents — John (our subject), Austen, Nels, Louis, Alice, Louisa and Esther. Austen is married to iliss Anna Thompson, and lives near Granite Falls; Louis is married to ^fiss Emma llogstrom, and lives on the old home- stead in Nicollet county ; Alice is married to Olum Strand, a merchant in Le Sueur, Minnesota. Mr. Estenson is a man of the greatest integrity and honor, and takes an active interest in all ])ublic matters. Politi- cally he is independent of parties, voting for the best man rather than for creed. -«-; J^ATRICK JONES, a resident of section j^ 5. Bangor township, is one of the lead- ing farmers and stock-raisers of the eastern part of the county. He is a native of Can- ada, born in the Province of Quebec, Sep- tember 26, 1834, and is a son of Patrick and Betsy (Day) Jones, his parents being natives of Belgium and Ireland. The parents came to Canada when young, and were married there. The father dieil in November, 1887, and the mother is still living in Canada. They raised a family of ten boys and four girls, our subject being the seventh born. Early in life Mr. Jones adoj^ted a sea-fa r- inji; life, and received his education 071 the island of Cuba from an old sea captain, master of the ship •' Lodi." Our subject spent in all about seven years upon the sea, first as cabin boy, then cook, then seaman and finally second mate. Tiring of a sea- man's life he abandoned that and went into the pineries on the Penobscot river, in the State of Maine. Tliere he spent eight years, and at the expiration of that time he came to Pope county, Jlinnesota. Within seven POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. days after his an-ival in the State he had claimed his present fine farm of 320 acres, which was tiien Government land. Since tliat time he has devoted his attention to genera] farming and stock-raising, most of the time, although for three years he was engaged in the machinery business. Mr. Jones was married, in 1875, to Miss Kate Ilogan, a daughter of Patrick Hogan, one of the leading farmers of Westport township. Their marriage has been blessed with five cliildren — Mary Isabelle, jMaggie Ella, "Wil- liam Edgar, Agnes anil Maud all of whom are still at home. Mr. Jones has always taken a very promi- nent and active part in public and educa- tional affairs, and lias been one of the most prominent men in tlie official history of the townsliip. He has held nearly all of the local township or school district offices at different times. In political matters he is one of the most prominent republicans in the eastern part of the councy, and has represented his township as a delegate in about twenty conventions of that party. It was he who gave the town- ship the name of Bangor, after liis old iiome at Bango)", Maine. Mr. Jones was canglit in tlie famous l)liz- zard of 1S74, being homeward-bound from Sauk Center at the time the storm over- took him. He was out nearly all night, and lost his team. Tlie only bodily injury he suffered was to liave his feet badlv frozen. -«— WCTOR E. STRONG, a well-todo farm- er residing on section 11, of Glen- wood township, is a native of Calhoun county, Ohio, born April 2, 1843, and is the son of the Eev. H. N. and Rhoda (Jacobs) Strong, natives of New York and Ohio. The father was educated in New York, where he com- menced his ministry. At first he was a minister of the Methodist denomination, but later in life became a Swedenborgian. He is now eighty-three years old, and lives a retired life. The wife died in 1S8G. The parents had a family of ten children, seven of whom are now living — Ezra B., James E., David E., Martha (now Mrs. Breithoupt), Victor E., Laura A. (now Mrs. Peter Lasher), and Abiel S. The principal subject connected with this sketcii, Victor E., was reared on a farm, attending school in Kankakee county, Illi- nois, and five years at Lancaster, Wisconsin. In 1861. when his country was overcast by the dark war cloud of rebellion, he enlisted in Company F, Tenth "Wisconsin Infantry, and remained in active service about four years. He was taken prisoner, and held six months and three days; was at Libby pris- on, Riciimond, Virginia. At the time of his imprisonment there he shared the suffering with 1,000 other brave comrades. They had to sleep on the naked floor, and as one would turn over, the remainder of them in the same row would have to do the same. For a month their only rations were sou]) and corn bread, he being detailed to give out the rations, which consisted of a piece of corn bread two inches square, and a little thin soup. The soup lasted three weeks, and after that they had nothing Ijut corn bread. Aftei" four montlis he was taken ill, and was then removed to the hospital, where he remained for two months. This was in 1863, he being paroled March 21, 186-t. During the war he saw much of hardship and human cruelty. He was in active service in the following battles : Stone River, Eesaca, Atlanta, besides ten other Iiloodv enrao-e- ments. After returning from the war he was married to Miss Julia Carrington. a native of Grant county, AVisconsin, and the daugh- ter of Arthur and Virginia (Gear) Carring- POPE COUNTY. MPV.VKSOTA 201 ton, who were natives of Kentucky and lllinnis. Arthur Cai-riiigton was a mercliant of riattvillc, Wisconsin, for a nuiiil)or of years, then sold out and went to California during the <>()hl excitement of 1S4'.). lie remained there two years, returned to his famil\% and moved them to Arkansas, and from there started hy the way of tlie Mississippi i-iver, and from New Orleans he took a steamer for San Francisco, crossing the isthmus. The boat took fire on the Pacific coast, when near JMarietta Island, and he and his wife were drowned. Mrs. Strong was at that time four years old, and her brother, Frank, a boy of fifteen months. Both were snatched from the angry waves of the ocean by the pas- sengeis. After being on the island for three days and nights, with no food or di-ink ex- cci)t some molasses and vinegar, the party made their escape, being taken to San Fran- cisco by a whalin'g vessel. At San Fran- cisco they were met by their uncle, Timothy Carrington, ,who cared for them for five veais. Tliev lost all tlieii" monev, bao'iiatie and all earthly effects, ilrs. Strong and her little brother were brought back to Gilford, Illinois, by William (lear, where she re- mained a few months, then went to Eurling- ton, Iowa, where for three years she lived \\\\\\ Oscar (4ear, after which she went to Tafton. Grant county, Wisconsin, where she lived with an aunt, Mrs. Thearl. Being an or]>haii, she was sent from place to place. The guardian proving anything but true to ills trust. Mrs. Strong never realized what property rightfully belonged to her. After liis marriage Mr. Strong settled in (irant county. Wisconsin, and was blind for two year's by disease contracted in Libby prison during the war. lie fanned there until l.s(;it. then went to Folk county. Wis- consin, where he took a timber claim of 100 acres, and lived on the sanu' for fifteen years. He had thirty acres umler the plow, ami was quite successful at farming. He sold out in 1884, and moved to Pope county, Minnesota, settling where he now lives, on a 16(1- acre farm under a high state of cultivation. He is an honorable member of the Grand Army of the Republic and commander of James Ganfield Post, No. 38, Glenwood. In politics he is a republican. He holds the offices of townshi]) supervisor and clerk of the school board. His family consists of wife and four children — Ernest A., Nettie E. v., Walter C. and Raymond V. ARL L, PETERSON, druggist, of Glen- wood, is one of the most prominent, active and enter])rising young business men at the county seat. He has taken a commend- able interest in all public affairs, has served as one of the trustees of the village, a mem- ber of the board of health and of the village council; his name is prominently associated with the later histor\' of the place. Mr. Peterson was born in Denmark, in 1861, and is a son of Julius and JIatilda (Saunte) Peterson, who were natives of the same kingdom. His grandfather, Peter Peterson, was a prominent man in the old country, a professor and teacher through liis life, and died in 1875. Carl's grandparents, on his mothers side, were Lars and Matilda Saunte, his grandfather being also a teacher. Carl's father, Julius Peterson, was a mill- wright l)y trade, and he and his wife still live in their native land. They had a family of nine children — Nicoline, Carl L., Julius, Laura. Anna, So])hia, Ernest. Henry and Hans. Carl Peterson was educated in his native land, and there learned the business of a druggist, serving an ap|)renticeshi]) of three years. In ]SS2 he came to the United States and settled in (Tlenwood, Minnesota, where he commenced clerkinublic matters, and has been honore<1 with various local offices, such as chairman of supervisors, justice of the ])eace, and school clerk for ten or fifteen years. In political matters he is a prohibitionist. Tiie subject of this memoir was manied, July 1, 1869, to Miss Elizabeth Watt, a daughter of David and Margaret (Camerson) Watt, natives of Scotland. The}' have been blessed with six children — William John, Margaret Anna, David Watt, Thomas Kobert, Elizabeth Helen and Isabella Catherina. They are all exemplary members of the Presbyterian Church. ■^LAUS OLSON, one of the oldest set- \^lii^ tiers of the central part of Pope county, is a resident of section 2. Barsness townsliip. He comes from that sturdy na- ti(jnality, wliich by their energy, tiiriftiness, economy and integrity, make up the most valualile ])ortion of ^Minnesota's population, being a native of Xorway. Mr. Olson was born near Kragra, Norway, October 1.5, IS-tO, and i^ a son of Ole and Mary Olson, who are natives of the same kingdom. The father died when our subject was but a small child, and the mother is still living with Olaus. In 1848 they all came to America, locating in Rock Eiver, Wisconsin, where they remained for two years and then moved to Waupaca, Wisconsin. Olaus tiien started out for himself, working among the farmers, etc., until he came to Crow Eiver, Minnesota, where he took a squatter's claim. There he remained, making various impi'ove- ments. such as erecting a house and break- ing, etc., until along in 1862, when the Indian outbreak occurred, when he, witli other set- tlers, was forced to flee to the eastern set- tlements for safety. In 1866 he came to Po]ie county and took a homestead on sec- tions 2 and 11, where he still lives. During his eailv settlement in this county, lie, like all ]iioneers, endured many priva- tions and hardships. One day, when out hunting, he saw smoke rising above the trees, and on his careful approach, not know- rOPE COVXTV. M/y.VESOTA. 203 inir whether it was caused bv Indians or whites, he beheld a log hut which he found to l>o occupied by two wliite men. a Norwe- sian and an American. All tiiat nii'lit thov reniaincil seated arounil the log fire, relating expei'iciices and getting acciuainted. Early the next morning thev jt)Ui'neyed on foot, with hand sled, to Sauk Center for provisions. They returned the same day, reaching their cabin late that night, completely exhausteil and almost frozen. My. Olson was married in 1871 to Lena Gilbertson, daughter of Gilbert (lilbertson, and their union has been blessed with three children — Julius Alfred. Kdwin Olen and Lena Olava. Our subject is one of Pope county's most highly respected citizens. His farm com- prises o2?> acres of excellent land. Mr. Ol- son has held numerous oiHces in the town- ship in which he I'esides, such as school diiH>ct- (>r and township treasurer, and is a m('ml)er of the Norwejiian Lutheran Church. -*-: JJAMES N. GALLINGER, residing on sec- ^ tion 5, (jf (irove Lake township, is a na- tive of Ontario, Canada, born December 25, 1837. lie is the son of Michael G. and Mar- grel (Cryderman) Gallinger. natives of the same country. They were extensive farmers, and followed the same through life. The father lost his life, in 1849, by meeting with an accident while operating a threshing m;i- chine, his arm being torn asunder from his body by the cylinder, causing death after about thirty days. His widow died in 1850. They had a family of eight chiklren, four sons and four daughters, as follows — Mary, now Mrs. Jacob Gallingei' ; George II.; Diana, now Mrs. Edwai'd Bryan; Margret, now Mrs. M. Cook; Reuben M.; John J.; Cathar- ine, now Afi's. Benjamin (Tallinger and James N. The parents were members of the Epis- copal Church, and always took an active part in churcii and educational affairs. The father was a man of ju'ominence and influ- ence in the community in which he lived. Our subject was reared to farm life, and received a good common school education. He stayed at home until twenty-two years of age, and was then niarricHl to Miss Ma- riah Gallinger, the daughter of George and Flora (iMcMillen) (Tallinger, natives of On- tario, Canada, and extensive farmers of that section. Mrs. Gallingei' is one of a family of six chiklren — Benjamin, Michael, Alexander, Mariah, William and Wester A. The mother died in 1SS8, and the father still lives in Ontario. They wore both memliers of the Methndist Episcopal Church, ami highlv respected for their virtues and Christian characteristics. After his marriage Mr. Gallinger pur- chased 150 acres in Ontario and went to farming, continuing the same until 1882, wiien he sold out and came to the United States, locating whci-e he now lives. Before locating, however, he traveled in the prov- ince iif Manitobii- and through Dakota Ter- ritory, init finally selected his present home. AVhen he purchased this place, there were among other imjirovements, a fair house and stabling for foui- horses, but since that time necessity and comfort have compelled the owner to erect a large barn, 3fix48 feet dry house and a granary on land owned on section 4, adjoining his home place. He will build a fine farm house in 1889, if his plans are not thwarted befoi'e that time by some ill turn of fortune. His landed estate is 480 acres, 280 being the original fai'iu tract. Their family consists of six chiklren — Se\'- mour, married Miss Edith Bush, of Ontario, and now lives with his father; Edgar C, died at the age of eighteen years, in Ontario, Canada ; Amsa G., Alvin N., Ida C. and Reuben J. Mr. Gallinger is one of the largest and 204 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. most thoroughly practical farmers in the county, and has made a complete success of his farm life. Ami, notwithstanding he has been a busy worker at home, looking after the interest of his large farm property, yet he always finds time and thinks it no less than his tluty, to take an active part in all public matters of both county and State. Naturally enough such a man has been pressed into local offices not a few ; he has been supei'visor and chairman of the same, school trustee and road master. Both he and his wife have been long identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, lie has been an exhorter in tlie cluu'ch of his choice for the past twelve years. /^^v\LE DYRSTAD, whose farm is situated v^i/ on section 8, Minnewaska township, is a native of Norway, born in 1832. lie is the son of Jacob and Siren (Tessum) Dyrstad. His father was engaged in carpentering, blacksmithing and farming. Both he and his o-ood wife lived, labored and died in their own native land — Norway. They had two sons and one daughter — Ole, Cecelia and John. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and also worked at carpentering in Norway. In 1870 he immigrated to Quebec, and from there to the United States, coming to Pope county, Minnesota, where he took a homestead of 160 acres and built a small log house, made other necessary improvements and has lived thereon ever since. In 1885 he built a commodious residence and a good barn. He has been three times elected to the office of su])ervisor. In politics he is a re- pui)lican, and, together with his wife and children, belongs to tlie Luthei'an Church, he being a trustee of the same. Mr. Dyrstad was married to Margarett Nordhang, by which union four children were born — John, Sirvet, Olivia and Ingaber, who died in 1870, aged two years. The eldest son, John, mari-ied Miss Annie Holtan, May 17, 1885, by whom he has two children — Oscar and ]\Ial)el. Sirvet married [Miss Pet- terena Knelstad ^Vfay 17, 1SS5. The\' have one child — Emma. Olivia married Mr. Olif Vinje, November 25, 1886, by \vliom one daughter has been born, Mabel D. Mr. Dj'rstad had the misfortune to lose his first wife, June 13, 1870. In the fall of 1871 he married Miss Martha Gudenum, of Norwav. J^RED CALMEYER, dealer in confection- M^^ ery, fruit, vegetables, cigars, tobacco, sewing machines, etc., is one of the most prominent and highly respected old settlers, who still resides in the county. His name is indissolubly connected witli the history of the northwestern part of the county, where he settled at an early day, and where for many years he lived, taking a prominent part in all j)ublic matters. Mr. Cahneyer is of German descent, al- though he is a native of Norway, where he was born September 4. 1837. His parents were Frederick A. and ^largaret C. (Bi'own) Calmeyer. The father was a merchant, and carried on that business in connection with a large distillery until the time of his death, in 1853. The mother is still living in Norway, being over eighty years of age. In their famil}^ there were seven children, ail of whom are still living. Only two of the fam- ily are in the United States — Gerhardine, wife of H. M. F. Irgens, of Nora township, and Fred, the subject of this sketch. Fred Calmeyer received an excellent edu- cation in the land of his liirtli, and while still a lad of but twenty he adopted a seafar- ing life as a calling, and followed a sailor s POPE COUNTY. MIXXESOTA 205 life from 1857 until 1861. In the mean time, in ISoI), lie cimie to tlio United States and niaile iiis iionie with his uncle. ITeniy Nel- son, in Xew York City. In 18(51, shortly after the war broke out, he enlisted in Com- pany I). Fourteenth New York — the First Metropolitan Light Cavalry ^and went into the service. He saw active duty, and was finally honorably discharo-ed and mustered out as corporal, after three years of service. After the close of the war our subject again ''took to the sea," and followed sailing for three years and a half, after which he was an apprentice on a New York and Sandy Hook j)ilot boat until March, 1868. During the following summer he was employed as a sailor on the great lakes, and then, in the fall of 1868, he took a " lay-off " for the pur- pose of visiting his sister, Mrs. Irgens, in Mower county, Minnesota, and the following sjiring they all emigrated to Pope county, ^rinnesota. arriving here in June, 1869, and settling in what is now Nora township. At that time the townshij) was unorganized, and there were only six settlers within its limits. In the s|n'ing of ISTO the town was organ- ized, and during the same year the first school tlistri(-t was ortjanizcd, embracincr the whole township, and was known as district No. 28. Our subject was elected the first town clerk, and was one of the active factors in effecting the organization. Upon his arrival here Mr. Calmeyer took a homestead of 160 acres, and began improve- ments, but, as he was a single man. in 1870, he left his i)lace and went to Minneaiiolis, whei-e he was employed in a saw mill, return- ing in the fall to attend to his farm. This method he followed for four seasons, when he settled there. He took an active and prominent jxirt in all matters of an official nature. In 1876 he secured theestal)lishment of the m;iil route between Alexandria and Morris, and was apjioiiUed the lir.st post- master in Nora, retaininjj the office for seven years and a half. For ten years ho held the offices of town clerk and justice of the ])eace. and did his full share in all educational and other work which marked the progress of the township. In 1883 he sokl his interests there, and removed to Glen wood, whei-e he has since lived. Mr. Calmeyer was married at Minneapolis, in 1871, to Miss Sophia Hanson, a native of Norwav, and thev have two childi-en livinor — Fredrikke and John. The family are ex- emplai-y members of the Lutheran Church, in which organization our subject holds the office of secretary. Mr. Calmeyer is a "straight" republican in political matters, and, since his residence in the countv seat, has taken a lively interest in public affairs, having served as city clerk and assessor of Glenwood u]) to 1888. They have a com- fortable home on the shores of Lake Min- newaska, while Mr. Calmeyer's place of business is located on Minnesota avenue. * ' — ••*^*-*fSii^^* 'v ' •■ ■ #EORGE R. WHEELER, merchant, and postmaster, at Terrace, in Chippewa Falls, Pope county, Minnesota, is a native of the Province of Quebec, Canada. He was born December 30, 1839, the son of Austin and Charlotte (Miller) Wheeler, natives of "Windham countv. Vermont — the father from New Fane and the mother from Duinerston. The father was both a carpen- ter and millwright by trade, and was an excel- lent workman, employed both in Vei'muiu and Canada. The latter part of his lile he was engaged in farm pui'suits. on a lioo aci'e farm, where he also raiseil lino stock. In the time of the Canadian Rebellion, in 1837 and 1838, he was a volunteoi-, and was lieu- tenant of his company. He was a man of much influence and public note, being a justice for many years in Canada, and cap- tain of the militia. He died in 1866, his 2o6 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. wife having passed on before him in 1846. They had a famil\' of four children — two of whom now live — George R. and Charlotte A. Geoi-gell. was reai'ed on a farm in C'anaihi, receiving an academic education : lie re- mained with his father until twenty-eight years of age, having sole charge of the farm. When he was twenty -eight or tweiity-nine years old, he came to Minnesota, and settled in Owatonna. Steele county. He, in com- pany with William Moses, now of Alexan- dria, and Daniel Ralston. Imilt tlie first wind mill for grinding purposes, consti-ucted at Owatonna, running the same tor a year and a half, then rented for a time, and later thev disposed of the property. While it was rented William Moses, John A. Wheeler and our subject came to Chippewa Falls, and built the present flouring mills, in 1870. Thev had two run of buhrs, with an eighteen foot head of water for their power. A year later they l)uilt a saw mill, operating this for about seven years. In 1871 a store was o])ened by the firm of d. A. Wheeler & Com- pany, and four years later Mr. Wheeler died and George R, and William Moses, bought the merchandise, in the fall of 1S7eing town treasurer for four years. He built his pres- ent home in 1873, the best house in the vil- lage. He owns one-half of the town site, also forty acres within forty rods of the vil- lage, and has tindjer lands in the township of Gilchrist. In 1S62 he was united in marriage to ISIiss Jennette Ralston, daughter of Andrew and Jane Ralston. Mrs. Wheeler died in 187-f, leaving three children, two of whom are now living — Jennie A. and Martha M. For his second wife he married Annie M. Goddard.in 1876. She is the daughter of Hub- bard and Mary Goddard. By this union two children were born — Maj^ C. and George A. In politics he is a republican, ever taking an active part in public matters. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is looked upon as a man of true worth and integrity in the county in which he lives. •-4- Mt ALDOR ASLAKSON, the subject of A'^'sL this biograpiiy, is a thrifty and es- teemed resident of section 2-f, Langhei town- ship. He is a native of Norway, born March 29, 1850, and is a son of Aslak and Ingri (Ilaldorson) Ilaldorson. who were also natives of that kingdom. Our subject attended school until he was about eighteen years old, when he came to the United States, with his parents, landing in Quebec, Canada. From till re thej' went to Green county, Wisconsin, where thev remained two years, during which time our subject worked out. At the exjiiration of that time they came to Pope county, Minnesota, and the parents settled in Hoff township, where they still live. They have a familv of the following chil- dren— Ilaldor, Aslagson, Dora, Olena, Julia, Inger, Anna, Knute, John and Haldor. They are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. -Our subject, Haldor, came to Pope county POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 207 with his elder brotlier, anil lie took a iiome- stead on the place he now lives, after work- ing out for two years. A " log cabin"' graced the place when he purchased it,but lie has renovate-> ^S^LEXANDER ALEXANDER, a resident -Zr^^ of section 32, WestporL township, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in the month of April, 182-t. His parents were John and Eliza- betli (Corson) Alexandei-, l)otli nativesof Si'ot- land. The parents were reared, married and died in the same country. The iiuHlierdied first. The father was a cal)iiu't-makei', and followed the same through life. They wei-e Presbyterian in their religious belief. Their family consisted of live children, three of whom are now living. Their names were as follows — Alexander, Jane, Elizabeth, John and liobert. Our subject was reared and received his education in the land of his birth, and re- nuiined there until 1843. He spent about two years in England, working at the cabi- net trade in Liverpool. From there he came to Quebec, Canada, in lS-1-5. where he worked at his trade for two years and a half. He next went to Montreal, and worked at steam- boat joiner work, for a year and a half. He then went to Chicago, Illinois, and began the business of a millwright pattern-maker. To this business he really devoted about all the balance of his life, or until coming to Pope county, Minnesota, in 1S77. He re- mained at Chicago for live j'ears, and then, in the spring of 1853, came to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he continued at inill- wiighting and pattern-making. At that Crii'ly day everything was very new in the then Territory, and St. Paul was a mere vil- lage. In 1860 he went to Jtemphis, Tennes- see, ami remained about nine months, when he returned to St. Paul. In ISfil he went to St. Anthony's Falls, and ivmained there until 1877, when he came to Pope county. U]ion ills arrival here he purchased a farm in Westport township. He has since, at various times, bought additional pieces of land, and sold, dealing considerably in farm- ing lauds. He now owns about 220 acres, but does not personally farm it, as he leads a retired life. Mr. Alexander was marriinl, in 1848, to Miss Ann McConnell. a native of Canada, and they were blessed with one daughter, who is now the wife of James E. Stalker, of Westport township. Ml'. Alexander is repul)lican in ])olitical belief, and has held theolfiee of clerk of the school district in which he lives for the past nine years. He b(;longs to the ^lasonic lodge, and while in West St. i^aul was an alderman for two years. He lost his lirst wife in Chicago, by clKjlera, and in 1S52 mari-ied for his secontl wife Miss Margaret Stewart, a native of Scotland. She died in 2o8 POPE COC'XTY, M/.ViVPSOTA. Minneapolis in 1873. His last marriage was to Miss Mary Stalker, tlie date of their mar- riage being in ISSO. Her parents were for- merly from Scotland. They came to America in April, 1835, and settled in Canada. Eight- een months later the family i-emoved to ()gdeiisl)urg, Xew York. About one year later they removed to Lewis county, same State, where Mrs. Alexander was born. In 1814 tiie family settled at Utica, but on ac- count of the sickness of the father they lived for some time at the sea-shore. In 1848 they settled at Alderbrook, Madison county, New York, where they remained until 1866, and then came to Minnesota and located at Minneapolis. There the father died in the fail of the same year. In 1870 the family came to Pope county, where the mother died in 1880, and this has since been the home and headquarters of the family. The father was a British soldier during his early life, and spent twenty years of his life in the service, being at times stationed in the East and West Indies, Bermuda, Ireland, ("anada, etc. Mrs. Ale.xander was first married in 1870 to Alijert Carpenter, and they became tiie parents of one child, James W. Mr. Carpen- ter was one of the oldest settlers in the north- ern portion of Pope county, having located here before the war. Shortlv after settlino- here, he enlisted in the army and spent three yeai's in the service. After his discharge he returned here and remamed until his death, which occurred in 1S74. lie was killed by lightning-. -«-fSj^' I^ON. GEORGE \V. THACKER, the present State senator from this dis- trict, is a resident of (TJenwood, and is one of the most prominent okl settlers still living in the county. He is a native of Clarmont county, Ohio, born January 1, 1840, and is m a son of Stephen and Esther (McKinney) Thacker, who were natives of Xew York and New Jersey, respectively. The family, in an early day, removetl to Illinois and set- tled about fifteen miles west of Chicago, where they carried on a farm of 400 acres, and where the parents reuutined until the time of their death. The father died in 1847, the mothei- in 1880. The}' had been married at Clarmont, Ohio, in 1829, and were the parents of seven children — John, Beulah, Elsie, AVilliara H., George W., Benjamin F. and James M. — all of whom are still living. Stephen Thacker, the father, was a promi- nent and influential man in the locality in which he lived ; a member of the old whig part\^, and an active participator in all public moves of his tinae, and, while he never sought important office for himself, he was active in assisting others, and was prominently itlen- tifled with every important official action of those tlays. After his father's death. George W.- Thacker remained at home until he was eleven years of age, attending the district schools and receiving such education as the facilities of those days ailorded. In the fall of 1851, he went with his brother, John II., to Jackson county, Iowa, and assisted on the farm for four years. At the expiration of that time he retm-ned to Illinois, and for four years attended the Lake Zurich Academy, after which for several terms he pursued his studies at the Wesleyan Methodist College, at Wheaton, Du Page county, Illinois. His next move was to go to Central Illinois where he taught school for four years, and then started West. Making his way to Minne- sota, in 1862 he settled in Dodge county, and taught school there. At this time the Civil AA^ar being in ])rogress, in response to a call for men, he enlisteil, November 16, ls68, in Company K, Secoml Minnesota Cavalry, and was mustered into the service. The command with which he was connected was POPE COU.VTY, MINNESOTA. 209 assigned to front ioi' duty, and the most of liis term of service was s])ent in T)aient on the home farm of his par- ents. While yet a young man he learned the painter's trade, wliicli he ff)llowed in connec- tion with peddling until the spring of 1850. He then left his native land to seek a home in America, coming direct to Dane county, Wisconsin, where he had relatives living. He remained there four months, when a com- pany from that part of that country was made up to go to the northern part of the State and form a settlement. They went to what is now Waupaca county, where our sub- ject took a claim, on which he lived, engaged in farming, for a period of ten years. In the spring of 1860 he sold his farm, and with three ox teams, three covered wagons, some fifty head of cattle, and a few colts, he started with liis family for Minnesota. He located on a piece of land in the town of Crow Lake, Stearns county, and there de- voted his attention to stock-raising and hunt- ing. During one of his hunting expeditions, he came west to what is now the southern part of Pope county, which at that time had just been surveyed. As stock-raising was his principal occupation, and as this part of the country was peculiarly adapted to that industry, he returned to liis claim in Crow Lake, and gave his neighbors a \-\yv\ account of the excellent advantages afforded in the hitherto unknown land that lay beyond them. In the spring of 1862 he, with the three others already mentioned, came to Lake Johanna, selected the best land, built for each a log house, and then brought their fam- ilies to their new homes. At that time they were the farthest settlement west. Tlie nearest settlement was at a distance of eight POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. miles to the iiortli of tliciii, while on tlir south tliere were no settlers neai'er tliuii thii'- teen miles. Here tliey lived, secluded from all, until Mr. llalverson journe3"ed to the settlements east of them. lie there heard of the Indian outbreak. I'etui'ned, and they decided to liave their families watch, Fi'om the top of the hills, the surrounding- country, while the men finished their work. Later, Mr. Johnson and two others, who had couie the day before, started out on a scouting e.\|X'dition to learn whetliei' there was any foundation for the reports. While following the l)0i'ders of a lake, they saw across the prairie a company of horsemen whom they supposed to be Indians, and they started to flee for their lives. The horse- men, who had caught sioht of \.\\k fuiiitives. started in swift pursuit. Mr. . Joiinson, although the eldest of the three, soon dis- tanced his companions, but after running a short distance he gave out and fell in the tall grass, not knowing what moment a Ijullet might end his life. The horsemen, who proved to be a company from Paynesville who were journeying to i)urv thirteen who were killed by the Indians west of Norway Lake, had supposed the fugitives were In- dians. They soon came up to him and picked him up. As our subject relates, so great had been his fear that it was some moments before he could realize he was in the hands of fi-iends. He was very well ac(piainted with one of the men, and this in- cident was the source of many a joke in after years. He and those with \\\w\ went with the comi)any to Norway Lake to i)ury the thirteen mentioned who had been killed the day before. The following day, accompa- nied by half of the company for protection, they came back for their families, an remaining part of his stock to farmers along the route for what he could get. The crop he had taken from the man in Paynes- ville was burned by the Indians, and he ovAy received $2 for some of the cattle he sold on the route. In the fall of 1S(!2, after the Indian trouble was over, he settled in St. Cloud, where he was employed about one year and a half for N. P. Clark, of that place, who was engaged in buying hay. Our sub- ject's transactions were chiefly with those who had put up stacks in the Indian region, and who were afraid to in^turn to them. He had to take Government orders for his waces and fearing they were not very good, and still holding to his original idea of having a stock ranch where he had taken his claim, he traded otf his orders for cattle. i\fter about a year's time he had accumu- lated a great many cattle, and on leaving St. Cloud he went some twenty miles east to what is known as St. Francis, where he and his family lived for a year or two, after which he returned to his claim and followed trap])ing all through this region, going as far west as Big Stone Lake. During the ti'apping season he saw but little signs of Indians, and, considering the country safe, he, in the smnmer of l6"!-f, returned to his farm, POPE COU.VTV. M/AWF.'^OTA. where he lived until the spring of 1888, when his son Henry took possession of the old farm, and oiu' snhject moved to Gilchrist township, Pope county. Minnesota, where he now resides. Mr. Johnson was in the earlier days one of the most active men in all town and educational matters, and when the coun- ty was organized was offei'ed tiie choice of th(! offices, but declined to fill any one, pre- ferring' to give his attention to his farm and to stock-raising. Feeling the advantages of education, he. when liiere were no schools in his region, sent his i'amily to where they could attend school, and at times hired a private teacher for tlu>m. The subject of this biography was married in his native country to Miss Ingebar Olsdat- ter Vastveit, and they have been blessed with the following children — Ole J. Sandvig, now countv auditor; Christian J.. Knute J., who married and is living on section S-t, Gilchrist townsliip; Henry J., who has the old farm; Ingebar, who is now Mrs. Admun Syverson, of Gilchrist ; Elizebeth and Annie, who are at home with their parents. Mr. Joimson now makes his home with his sons Christian and Knute, on section 34, where tiiey have a fine farm, with a large fi'ame house, a barn 20U feet long, and are doing an extensive farming and stock-raising business. They have over 200 head of cattle, with a good number of horses. Politically, Mr. Johnson is a republican. •«--J^^-<- ^ilil^HOM HALVORSON, the subject of \J1L7 this biography is a prominent and thrifty farmer of Lake Johanna township, residing on section 7. He was born in Nor- way, July IS, 1840, and in 1862 he came to the United States. After landing in Quebec, Canada, he journeyed to Red Wing, Min- nesota, where he remained for four j'ears en- oaged in the stone mason's trade. He then came to Pope county, Minnesota. He was one of the first settlers in the southeastern part of the countv and soon after moving here he took his present farm. Our subject's parents are still in their native land. Norway, and they have the following children — Oster, Halver, Rhoda, Anna and our subject. iff. llalvoi'son, our subject, received iiis education in his native land, and remained at home until he was twenty -two \'ears of age, when he came to this country. He was married June 22, 1866, to Miss Jennie Olson, a native of Norway, who came to this coiuitry in 1861. They liave been Ijlessed with the following children — Henry L., Andrew E. G., Halver and John Gilbert, all of whom are living at home with tlieir parents The family are members of tiie Lutheran Church. Our subject is a man who is highly esteemed by all who know iiiin and has held a great many of the local offices, in- cluding those of school clerk, school director, treasurer, justice of the peace and constable. He is in excellent circumstances, having an extensive farm of 300 acres with good ira- ]n"ovements, and is engaged in general farm- ing and stock-i'aising. In political matters he affiliates witli the re])ul)liean party. Ml'. Ilalvorson iias also been eng-aged in well-digging for many years, and dug the deepest well in Red AVing, Minnesota. ^NDREW JACOBSON, one of the most ■^^^ prosperous and energetic farmers of Pope county, resides on section 24, Rolling Fork township. He was born in Bergen Stift, Norway, July 25, 1854, and is a son of Jacob JMonson and Jennie Johnson, who were also natives of that kingdom. "When he was sixteen he commenced life for him- self by learning the boot and shoe trade, at which years. In he was engaged in Bergen for five 1874, he came to the United POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 213 States, first stopping in Pi-iiiric Dii ('iii(Mi, Wisconsin, wiiere lie remained I'oi' one ye;u\ wovkinii' iit iiis trade and on farms. Ho then was employed on tlie Wisconsin Iliver as a logger for one year, and tlien lie re- moved to Grant county, Wisconsin. He re- mained there two years, working in a shop, and at the expiration of that time he came to l.ai'quiparle county. Minnesota, and took a preemption claim in that county. After ))roving it up, in three 3-ears he sold out and moved to Poj)e county, Minnesota, and took a farm in Moiling Fork townsliip. Our sub- ject is in comfortable circumstances, and has a niagniticent fai-m of 400 acres, with good iiuilding improvements and 150 acres undei' cultivation. Mr. Jacohson is a representa- tive man of his township, ami has held tlje office of lownshi]) clerk for four years; be- sides in otiier ways has taken a prominent part in pul)lic affairs. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage, June f(>, 18S1, to Mrs. Tolena Paulson, the widow of Fron Paulson. They have the following children — Carrie and Peter, by her foi'iner husband, and Joseph- ina. .\li)ert T.. I^ena and Carl by our subject. Ml'. Jacobson affiliates with the repuljlican party. 4« ^^^>- ^J\ NDREW SCHEY, who has charge of ^^Sjl, the lumljer yard of the Fi'emiid Asso- ciation in (ilenwood. is one of the most highly respected old settlers of the county, being a pioneer of Wiiite Px'ar Lake town- ship. Mr. Schey is w. native of Norway, where he was born in 183*1, and where he remained until he was thirty years of age. Until he was twenty years old lie remained at home with his ])arents, and then began life on his own account, working at whatever ho found to do. His pursuits were varied until Ajiril, 1866, when he started for the New World, and embarked on a steamer for Quebec, Canada. From there he made his way direct to Win- neshiek county, Iowa. He found work there and remained until the 1st of June, 1867, when, in company with some sixteen or eighteen other hardy pioneers he started for the Northwest. In the " train " which was made up there were some sixteen wagons, all drawn b\' ox teams. The ])arty came direct to where Glen wood, Minnesota, is now located, and went into camp, while the men traveled over the surrounding country in search of suitable locations. Not findin7 Mr. Hippe was taken sick with typhoid fever and for weeks lay at the point of death, but, thanks to skillful medical attendance, he recovered, and since that time has enjoyed the best of health. The subject of this memoir was married, March 2, 1870, to a Miss Anna Erickson, daughter of Erick and Anna (Olsen) Erick- son. They have been blessed with the follow- ing children — Mary, Eliza. John, Christiana. Sojihia, Ida and Julia. »OSTEN W 11, Ilof C. LIEN, a resident of section )ff township, is one of the oldest settlers and most prominent and highly respected citizens in the southwestern ]ior- tion of Pope (-ounty. He is a native of Nordre, Aurdal, Norway, born Se])teinl)er 24, 1849, and is a son of Christian and Anna (Mickelson) Lien. His father died in his native land, at nearly sixty years of age, and our subject grew to numhood, ami re- ceived his education in the land of his biith. In 1869, when he was twenty years of age, accompanied by his mother, they came to the United States, landing at Castle Garden, New York, after an ocean voyage of sixteen days on a steamer. From New York they proceeded directly to Green county, AYiscon- sin, where they settled. In 1870 Mr. Lien and his mother came to Pope county, Minne- sota, where each took a homestead of eighty acres inHoff township. They at once began improvements, and he has lived in the town- ship ever since, his mother dying December 3i>, 1883. T. C. Lien was the second settler, iind erected the second iiouse within the limits now forming the town. His industry and integrity have not been unrewarded, for he is recognized as one of the most reliable and substantial farmers of the county. His building improvements are among the best in this part of the county and reflect much credit upon his enterprise. He devotes a great deal of attention to stock-raising and has accummulated a substantial herd. His barn is one of the best in the town, and has a capacity for holding thirt}' tons of hay. The POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 215 buildings are surrounded In* ;i tlirift}' and val- uable grove of timber of liis planting, and as a whole the farm speaks extremely well for the thrift, care and energy of its proprietor. Mr. Lien was married Oct(>i)er 23, 1874, to ifiss ^hwy Anderson, a native of Nor- way and a daughter of Anders Anderson. Iler motli(>r is dead, and her father married again and is still living. Mrs. Lien came to the United States in 1873, and settled, with her people, in La Crosse county, Wisconsin, where she was reared and educated. The following are the names of her brothers and sisters — Sire, Ole, Ella, Darbara, Dora, Andria and Mary, and her half-brothers and halfsistei's were — Ingra. Anders, Nels, Knute and Dora. Ml'. Lien has two brothers and one sister living; the family consists of the following- named — Swell, Michael, Mary and Tosten C. ifr. and Mrs. Lien have been the ])arents of two children — Anna, who still lives at home, and Dina, who died at six years of age. ifr. Lien is a republican in ])olitical mat- ters, and iias taken a very active, and prom- inent ])ait in public mattei*s. lie has held a great many local oIKces, including those of town supervisor and chairman of the board. The family are exemi)lary members of the Lutheran Ciiurch, and our subject has for yeai-s been treasurer and trustee of that organization. In connection with his farming, Mr. Lien owns an interest in a steam threshing ma- chine. He owns 320 acres of land in a g(jod state of cultivation. --»-; «4>- , M UGUST OSTERBERG, the subject of jL^'-Jl the ])resent article, is a resident of section 8, Nora township. He is a native of Sweden, born at Westergild, February 1-1, 1849. and is a son of John and Johanna (Andereon) Osterberg, who were also natives oi Sweden. He lived on the Iiouk; farm with his parents until he was fourteen years old, when he learned the mason's trade. This he followed until 1869, when he came to the United States, coming direct to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked at his trade and other occupations for three yeai-s. He then settled in Pope county, Minnesota, filing a homestead on land in section 8. He settled on his present claim in 1873. and has a good farm, fourteen horses, thirty \wm\ of cattle and neat and substantial buildings nestled in a dense grove of his own planting. He also owns a traction steam thresher of the latest improved pattern. He is a man of integritv, and is highly esteemed bv all who know him. He has one of the best farms in tlie county, and is rated as one of the most success- ful farmers in the townshij) in which he lives. Our subject was married in St. Paul, JL'irch 23, 1872, to Miss Christine Johnson, a daugh- ter of John and Mary (Carlson) Anderson, natives of Sweden, and tliey have been blessed with the following children — Selma, Cecile. Frank E., John K., Ester E., Hulda A., Arthur L., LLirry E.. Edith and Lydia Elizabeth. In political matters Mr. Oster- berg is a republican. -• ^- -«.- ,LV1N JAMES BISHOP, the subject of 1^^ our present sketch, i-esides on .sec- tion 14, Walden township, where he is en- gaji-ed in fjeneral farming. He was born at Anthem, Jefferson county. New York, Feb- ruary 15, 1853, and is the son of Julius and Samantha (Collier) Bishop. During his infancy his parents moved to Cook county, Illinois, where his father died. His mother having married again, in 1803 he came to Wabash county, Minnesota. There he worked on a farm until 1873. wlien he came to Wahlen township. Po])e county, Minnesota. 2l6 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA On account of being under age he worked at an\'tliing which turned up until attaining his majority. He then toolv a homestead on section 14. Walden township, and two years later took a tree claim on the same section. Since then he and his brother-in-law have bought 240 acres fi'oni a neighbor, and they have one of the most desirable farms in the township. Our subject was married ilay 15, 1877, to Rizpali Tobey, of Morris, Stevens count}', i\Iinnesota, and tlieir union has been blessed witli Kve children — Ilattie Samantha (de- ceased), Myrtha May, Jule Acer, Clarence and Arciiie. Mr. Bishop is a republican in politics, and is a representative man of his townshi]). He has experienced and had to encounter a great many difficulties and dis- advantages, but with untii-ing energy and determination he has surmounted them and has been verv successful. JOSEPH TOWNSEND, one of the oUl set- tlers and leading citizens of "Reno town- ship, is located on section 13. wiiere he car- ries on (livei'siHed faruiina; and stock-raisintr. Mr. Townsend is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, wiiere he was born in 1823, and is a son of John and Mary (Torp) Townsend. His parents both died in his native land, the father wiien seventy and the mother when seventy -six vears of age. They were the ])ar- ents of fourteen cliildren, four of whom died in infancy. Ten grew up. as follows — Nancy, Elizabeth, David, Mary, Jane, Frances, John, Koljert, Josej)]) and George. Five of them came to tiie United States — Xancj', David, Jane. Robert and Joseph. Xancy was a widow wlien siie came, having a family of several children. She is now deceased. .lane became tiie wife of Joseph Clark, of Kin- sington, Philadelphia, and is now deceased. David is a farmer of Leven township, while Robert died in Canada. Joseph Townsend grew to manliood and received his education in Antrim, Ireland, attending school until he was sixteen yeai"s of age. After leaving school he worked at farming and remained in his native land until 1849, when he sailed for tiie United States, and, after a voyage of six weeks, landed in New York City. He soon after- ward went to Providence, Rhode Island, where he remained for two years, eni))l()ye(i in the silversmith shops of Gorliam, Thu)- ber & Dexter, at No. 12 Steeple street. At the expiration of that time he went to Can- ada and engaged in farming, remaining there for seven years, and then removed to Ran- dolpli county, Illinois. There he was living at the time the war broke out, and in June, 1862, he enlisted in the Eightieth Illinois Infantry, and went into the service. He was in the front all through the balance of the war and saw: very severe service. Besides many skir- mishes, he participated in thirteen pitched battles, of wiiich the following is a bi'ief review of the most important: Perry ville; ililton Hill, wiiere the command to which his regiment was attached held a very im- portant jiosition; Mission Ridge, Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face, Resaca, Dallas, Franklin and Nashville. At the battle of Dallas (lur subject was severeh' wounded in the back, and for five months ]a\' in various hospitals. Upon his recovery he returnetl to his regiment at Columbia, Tennessee, in time to participate in the battle at Franklin, Ten- nessee. Three weeks later they took part in the battle of Nashville, December 15 and 16, 1864, and then chased Hood out of Alabama. After this tliey were stationed at Hunlsville, Alabama, for six weeks, and then moved to Greenville, Tennessee, where tliey were in camp when Lee surrendered and when Lincoln was assassinated. Mr. Townsend was honor- POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 217 ably discharged in June, 1865, at Cani]) I5ut- ler, Illinois, and at once returned to Riuulolpli count}', Illinois, where he was married, December 10, 1867, to Miss Juliana S. Ingram. A few weeks after receiving his pay for his army service, in 1S6.5, Mr. Townsend came to Minnesota, and for a number of months worked at Minnea])olis. In the mean time lie had taken a homestead on sections i:'. .-ind 14, licno townsliii). i'o])e county, and settled upon it in Isd.i. lie has a valuable fai'in. and still makes this his hi>me. He has always taken an active interest in all school ami township atfaii's and has held various local ottices. Mrs. Townsend was born in York county, South Carolina, but was brought up in Illi- nois. She had tme brother (her only one), who enlisted in the Thirtieth Illinois Infan- try, and was taken prisoner at Atlanta, Georgia, and died of starvation after three months of suffering in Anderson ville Prison. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Townsend have three chil- dren — -lolin If.. ^lary A. and Elizabeth H. The parents and two children are mendjers of the I'resbvterian Church. -♦- "^^ELSONHUTCHlNS.apromiiuMitfarm- J& >^ er of section 12, (xieuwood township, is a native of Canada, having been born in that province. May 2, 1824. He is the son of William and Margret (Empey) Hutch- ins, also natives of Canada. The father was a farmer, and held various official ])ositions in his province. His grandparents were of English blood. William's family con- sisteil of three brothers and five sisters; six of the family are now living — our subject, the oldest one living; Morgan L., of St. Paul, secretary of State Relief Association ; Charlotte, now Mrs. William Cillard. of Can- ada; Caroline, now Mrs. Parr, of Canada; Alice, now Mrs. Shinney, of Canada, and Riv- anah S., now Mrs. Johnson. Oui' subject spent his younger days in school, at home, where he remained until twenty years old, then became the husband of Miss Dianah Warner, of Canada, who was the ilaughtcr of William and Mary (Ilaun) Warner, also of Canadian biitli. They were extensive farmers, and the father was a lead- ing man of his coimty. They had a family of eighteen children, sixteen of whom are still living — Mrs. Ilutchins. William; l\Iary, now ^frs. Eamen ; Lyman; Caroline, now Mrs. Weart; Johile, Julia A., Henry, Eliza- beth, Maria, John, Isaiah, Robert, Russell A., Dixson A. and Charles. After Nelson's marriage he began farming, remaining in Canada until 18S0, then sold out his home and came to Pope county, Minnesota, where he at first rented a farm for one year, thus giving him time to look about for a permanent place. In 1881 he bought 480 acres of land, where he now lives. He made good inqirovements and has since purchased land in Grove Lake town- ship and two lots in the village of Villard. He is engaged extensively in stock-growing and grain farming. Mr. and Mrs. Ilutchins have a family of six clnldren living — Emaranda, now ifrs. Miles Romljough, who lives in Canada (and is the mother of live chiklren — Delia, Dexter, William, Oliver and Hattie) ; another daughter is Agnes, now Mrs. John Manniufi-, of Glenwood township (the mother of six children — Nelson, Nellie, Isabella, Oliver, George and Jerome) ; Simeon married Miss Annie Rutley (they have five children — Oliver. W^illard, Agnes May, Ettie and Edith); Malissa, now Mrs. James McLave, of Canada (they have two children — William and Arthur); Polly A., now Mrs. Alvin Ea.stman (mother of four sons — Nelson, Joel Jesse and Willie J.); Jerome married iliss Alice M. Momany and has one child — Frank. 2l8 POPE COUXTY, M/yXESOTA. Mr. Hutchins is a radical proliibitionist, and butli lie and his wife belong to tlie Methodist Episcopal Church. He is presi- dent of the Farmers' Alliance and also of the County Agricultural Society ; also holds the office of school director. He is a man of wide business experience and intelligence, and is one of the leading and most influential farmers in the county. Liberal and enter- prising, courteous and well posted, he is held in the highest esteem by all who know him. A man of the strictest integrity and honor, he justly ranks as one of the most exemplary and reliable citizens of the countv. -^^ ^^^^ ICHAEL M. RUE, one of the most MT-X^^ prominent of the early settlers of Pope county who are still residents, is one of tlie leading merchants of Glenwood. He is a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, born January 29, 1844, and a son of George and Esther (Nealy) Rue. The father was a native of Finance and the moth- er of Pennsylvania. George Pue, the father, was raised in France, until about eighteen years of age, learning, meanwhile, the boot and shoemalcer's trade. About the close of the decade ending with 1830 he came to the United States and settled in Pennsylvania, where he carried on his trade and was mar- ried. In 1846 he settled in Sandusky county, Ohio, Ixit later removed to Seneca county, and then to Tiffin, Ohio, where he worked at his trade and also devoted a part of his at- tention to fai'ming. In the winter of 1855-6 they settled in Illinois. Ijut the following spring of 1856, came to Olmsted county, Minnesota, where the father engaged at farming and remained until 1866, when he came to Pope county, and settletl in the vil- lage of Glenwood. He erected the tiiird dwelling on the town site — a large log house in which for three years he kept hotel, called the " Soldier's Home." Previous to this he had taken a homestead of 160 acres in Min- newaska township, and at the expiration of this time lie removed to it and began im- provements, remaining there until the time of his death, in 1877. He was a prominent man in the early history of the county, and was the first justice of the peace at Glen- wood; a man of the strictest integrity, a member of the Methodist Church and class- leader for many years, and a republican in political belief. His widow still lives in Glen- wood. Mr. and Mrs. George Rue were the parents of flfteen children, of whom the following are still living — John, Susan- nah, Henr}^ William, Joseph, Michael M., Lewis, Elizabetli. George, Alice, Mandus and Amanda. The lirst two and the last two named were twins. Eli (deceased) was in the service, was captured and placed in Anderson- ville prison, and, as he has never been heard of since, it is su]i])osed he died there. Besides him Henry, William, Michael M.. Lewis iiiul Joseph were also all in the army and most of them contracted diseases and disabilities froni which they never have I'ccovered and never will recover. It is very difficult to find a family that furnished as many " boys in blue " as the Rue family, and without exception they each and all received an honorable discharge when mustered out. Michael M. Rue, whose name heads this sketch, attended district school in Ohio, re- ceiving the education afforded by the facil- ities of those days, until he was thirteen years of age, being I'aised on a farm. Pie then came with the fiimily to Olmsted county. ]\linnesota. After the war broke out he enlisted in Com]iany I, First Minne- sota Mounted Cavalry. lie remained in the service for thirteen months, when he was mustered out, and returned home to engnge in farming witii liis father. This he contin- ued for three years. Inls66he wasniai'ried to Miss Tillie J. Smith, and soon afterward POPE COUNTY, MTNA'KSOTA. 219 came nortlnvost and took a homestead of 100 acres near Sauk Centei-, in Stearns county. He improved a portion of it, and remained tliere until ISOS, wlien he came to Pope county and settled in Glenwood, engaging at carpenter work ami blacksmithing. Eiglit- een months later, in Mai-ch. 1870, he removed to Stevens county and settled uj)()n a farm in the town of Morris. After a residence tliere of seven years he sokl out and returned to Glenwood, to engage in the general mer- chandise trade, which ho still carries on. Mr. Hue is a j)roliibitionist in political mat- ters, a careful and successful business man, and one of the leading merchants in the county. lie is a member of Canfield Post, No. 38, Grand Army of the Republic, and also belongs to the United Workmen. Mr. and Mrs. Hue have a family of six children — Minnie V., Ella N., Edith M., Birdie, Ervin I. and Jean E. ^Irs. Hue was a daughter of Elijah and Mary Smith, the father a native of Canada and the mother of Ireland. Elijah Smith and wife were the parents of five children — John, Hamilton, Elizabeth, Mary and Tillie. The father died in 1SS6, aged eighty -six years, and the mother died in 1884-. at the age of eighty-one. ^1^1 ALTER L. BEACH, an enterprising and respected farmer and stock- raiser, residing on section 9, Bangor town- ship, is a son of Lewis and Phebe (^Lobell) Beach, who were [)rominent jiioneers and old settlers of (irove Lake township. They came to Pope county in lS7o, and settled on section 34 of that township, where they pur- chased a farm. Lewis Beach and wife were natives of New York State ; the latter is still living at an advanced age, having been born November 25, 1818. Lewis Beach died Fei)ruary 9, 1885. He was one of the lead- ing men in Pope county, a man of the strict- est integi'ity and one whose daily life was above re])roach. Early in life he learned the carpenters' trade, and followed that for many years. In 1855 he came to Minne- sota, ar.d pi-ei'mpted a claim in Scott county, on which he livetl for some thirteen years. He then worked at his trade for a few years at Minneapolis and Anoka, and in 1870 came to Pope county, as stated. Lewis Beach antl wife were the pai'ents of three children — Josephine, AValter L.,aii(l ,\lj)lion- .sine. The hist named was married to J(jlin Alorrow, and died in 1880. Walter L. Beach, our present subject, was born in Steuben county. New York, ]\fay 11, 1854. He was brought to Minnesota while still an infant by his parents and grew to manhood here. He remained at home unti" 1877, when he took a homestead of IGO acres on section 9, Bangor township, where he has since lived, devoting his attention to stock-raising and general farming. He was mari'ied, July 28, 1881, to Miss Nancy J. Goodwin. She is a native of Sherburn county, ^linnesota, and a daughter of Simon Goodwin, a lumberman and engineer. \\i}v mother died when she was a chikl, and hci' father is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Beach by this marriage are the parents of three children^ — Clara, Lewis and Clark. Our subject has taken an active interest in ]Kiblic matters, and has held various local offices, including those of supervisor of Grove Lake township and also clerk of school district No. 17, and was the first town treasurer of Bangor township. In political matters he is a prohibitionist. i-^> *^^R. JOHN F. SKINNER who is a phvsi- ^^■* cian, sui'geon and druggist at Chip- pewa Falls, is a native of Waukon, Allama- kee county, Iowa, born June 4, 1854, and is the son of Daniel E. and Hannah (Swan) POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA Skinner, natives of Hartford and Hebron, Connecticut. Tiie father was a butcher by trade, and hiter in life he engaged in fann- ing and sheep-raising in Winnebago county, Iowa, where he settled in the fall of 186-i. He farmed 320 acres and kept 1,400 sheep. He is now retired and living at Forest City, Iowa. He reared a family of six children — Professor Egbert D., Albert A., Dr. John F., (Jimrlutte E. now Mrs. J. E. Howard; "Wil- liam E. and Alaggie E. The father belongs to the repulilican party and is a worthy mem- ber of the Masonic fi-aternity, and, with his wife, belongs to the Congregational Church. Dr. -lolin F. Skinner was raised on the farm at home and received a thorough edu- cation. He commenced teaching at the age of twenty, continued to follow this profes- sion for seven years in three counties in Iowa and two in Minnesota. He began the study of his chosen life profession — that of medicine— in 1875, with Dr. J. A.Hewett, at Forest City, Iowa, attending lectures at Bennett Medical School, of Chicago, ami graduated in 1881, settling in Chippewa Falls. He built a drug store, with his brother Albert A., on the Little Falls l)rancli railroad at Westport. The Doctor was married in 1881 to Miss Hermina C. Dalum, daughter of Herman and Martha M. (Nelson) Dalum, natives of Norway. Her mother and family came to America after the death of Mr. Dalum, and settled at Lake Mills, Iowa, where she died in 1888, leaving a family of five children- Emmie, now Mrs. Westcott ; Lena, now Mrs. Severson; Ludvig ; Mrs. Skinner; Ilannah, now Mrs. Larson. The doctor has a fam- ily of three children — Vivian A., Vance L. ami Hoy C. He is a very successful j)hysician and sur- geon, and has a large practice, which is con- stantly increasing. He is a republican in politics and a member of the Eclectic Medical School of Chicago, Illinois. JVER J.TEIGEN, a prosperous and highly '\ esteemed farmer residing on section 24, Ben Wade township, is a native of Norway. He was born in Lesje, Gudbransdalen, Nor- way, December 15, 1811, and is the son of Jurgen C. and Anna (Everson) Teigen, who were also natives of the same kingdom. When about eighteen years of age our sub- ject commenced life for himself by woi'king on the public road and on the railroad. In May, 1870, he came to the United States, and from June to November he worked at vari- ous kinds of labor. He then came to Po])e countv, and toolc a homestead in Ben Wade townshij), on section 24. where he has since lived, lie now owns 240 acres of excellent farming and timber land, with comfortable impi'ovements, and a gootl share of iiis jjlace is under a high state of cultivation. The subject of this biograpiiy was married November 18, 1870, to Miss Carrie Olson, the daughter of Cle Tohorson and Mary (Larson) Tohorson. They have been blessed with the following children — Jorgen, Ole, Anna. Anton, Marie, Emma, Otto, Nikkolai, Tena, Edwin, Edith and Clara. Mr. Teigen is a man of the utmost integrity, and is held in high esteem both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. He has held various offices such as school director, township treasurer and road overseer. Our sul)ject is a strong prohibitionist, and in religious matters he is an exemplar}' member of the Norweirian Lutheran Church. ^^ kAVlD STEPHENSON.a well-to-do farm- er, and a respected old settler of Grove Lake township, resides upon section 12. He was born October 11, 1820, in Yorkshire, England, and is a son of James and Mary (Wright) Stejihenson, who were also natives of " Albion's shores." The genealogy of Mr. Stephenson runs back to roPE couxrv, Minnesota. tlie same source as that of (George Steplien- son, the faiiioiis iiiventoi- of the locomotive — the trraiulfathor of Oavid beiii"' a brother of the inventor. David's fatlier. .lames Stephenson, was a farmer and reared seven ciiihh'en ; two, however, died in childhood. The livin<;- children ;ire — David, Richard, Joim, William. Ann and James. Tiie father is still living at tiie advanced age of eight\'- eighl years. The mother died in 1879. They were members of the Cliurch of Eng- land. Our subject was reai'ed on his parents' fai'm, receiving a common school education and woi'kedat home until he came to Amer- ica, in lS-1-9. He first landed at Quebec, and from there went to Toronto, remaining four months, and then left for Henry county, Iowa, remaining there until the spring of 1855, then went to Rice county, ]\[inn(;sota, and engaged in farm work. He linally pre- empted a IfiO acre ti-act of land in Wheeling township, which hx26 feet, to which has been added another portion 16x24 feet. The house has a splendid cellar measuring 16x20 feet and seven feet deep. Ilis house is ))ainted in an excellent manner, and his farm is well fenced and improved. Mr. Stephenson was married in 1858 to Miss Christanne Judd. of Indiana, the daughter of Lyman and Ohloe (Shippy) Judd, natives of New York. The fatlier was a farmer who had settled in Ohio in an early day, and fi'om there he uujved t(j Indi- ana, where he was niariMcd. lie later re- moved to I)e Kail) county, llliiKiis, and there engaged in extensive farming. His father Wits John Judd, a soldier (if the Revolution- ary War, going into the army at tlie age of fourteen years, and remaining until peace was declared. He helped to raise the first liberty-pole in this country, and was sent out as a spy on Long Island. He lived to be an old man, dying in Indiana. Mrs. Ste- phenson's father was a soklier in the War of 1812, serving as a pack-horse driver, and en- listed twice during that struggle, the last time as a soldier. In 1855 he came to Rice county, Minnesota, preempting a jiiece of land, and there died at the age of sixty-three 3'ears, in 1856. His wife survived him until 1887, aged eighty-six years. They, too, wtive both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They were the ])arents of nine Qhildren, six of whom still live — Lucinda (now Mrs. Decker), Christanne (now Mrs. Stephenson), Hannah (now IMi's. Wari'en), Isaiah, Charity (now ^frs. Davulscm) and Uriah. Mrs. Stephenson is tiie mother of four children — Mary, now j\Irs. Harrington (who has three children — L^'inan 13., Frank E. and Alta D.); Elsie (a teacher in Glen- wood), Lyman E. and Hannah. Politically, Mr. Stephenson is a staunch republican, and both he and his wife are Adventists in religious belief and profession. He is a man of the highest integrity, and is held in the utmost esteem both as a neigh- bor and as an exemplary citizen. Mrs. Stephenson's mother, during the war, sent two sons to the field to fight — Isaiah, who served in the Sixth, and rriali. in ihe Tenth ilinnesota Regiments. ^LONZO M. KEENEY, a pi linent old L^^Jl. settler, is a resident of section 7, ilin- newaska township. lie was born in Wy- oming county, Pennsylvania, in 18;J6, and is tiie son of Charles M. and Rebecca (Sterling) Keeney. Mr. Keeney the elder was a farmer in his native State, and left there in 1850, coming to Illinois, settling in Carroll county. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. From that State lie went to California, where lie was eini)k)ye(l in the gokl fiekls. He re- turned ti) Illinois after three years, and en- gaged in farming until 1857, and then settled in Wabasha count\'. ]\Iinnesota, whei'e he again took up farming, following it for a time, ami then moved to Brown county, and fro7n there to Story county, Iowa, where he remained three years, and then moved to Texas, and remained there three years. He was taken sick and lost all his projierty, then returned, at the advanced age of seventy-four years, to wliei-e his son, Alonzo M., now lives. The parents have five children now living — Louisa, Alonzo M., Denton, Harrison and Elmci-. Mr. Keeney, Sr., was a repub- lican in his politics, and both he and his wife, who is sevent3'-two years old, were devoted members of the l)a])tist (Church. The subject of tills sketch was reared on his father's farm, and received a common school education. At the age of twenty-fou.r he went out into life's career for himself, en- gaging in farming in Wabasha county, Min- nesota, where he renuiined about sixteen years, then settled where he now lives in Pope county, as above described. He Ijought 187^ acres of land, and raises stock and grain, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Keeney w^as married in ISfiO, to Miss Rachel Brainerd, the daughter of Aaron and Catherine (Young) Brainerd, natives of New" York State, who came West, to Illinois, and there eng;iged in farming. The mother died in Illinois and the father in Minnesota. Mr. Keeney has a family of ten living children — Elsworih, William, Carl, Benton, Guy, ]\laiy', Minei-, llattie, Cora and an infant. To know that ]\[r. Keeney is a ]iopular man, and one who takes much interest in public aifairs, we have Init to notice the fact that he has been jirominently identilied with the various offices within his county. He has served as justice of the peace for two years, road master, school clerk, and also su- pervisor. He is a republican. While living in Wabasha county he was constable, road master and suj)ervisor, and has always, in fact, taken an active pari in public affairs. Other noteworthy characteristics of the man may be found in the interest he has always taken in the cause of temperance and anti- monopoly. ia.-CHAK L. BARSNESS, a successful, enterprising and respected citizen of Barness township, residing on section 23. is a native of Norway. He was born at Bar- ganstadt, Noj-way. January 2(u 1853. Schak lived at home on the farm with his parents, Schak L. and Anna N. (Nelson) Barsness, until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to America, settling in Pope county. Here he remained for a period of five years, working on his uncle's farm the entire time, except one year's journey and stay in Dakota, where he could have taken a liome- stead within two miles from the present site of Grand Forks. After his return from Dakota he went back to the old home in the Old Woi'ld, where he remained from November until April, when he again came to the United States. Our subject remained with his uncle for three years after coming over the second time, when he again returned to Nor- way in the interest of his countrymen. The fact of his taking different routes to and fi'oin the old country and his knowledge of this world matle him of great advantage to those of his owm nationality w'ho were immigrating to this country. On his retui-n the second time from Norway he brought his sister with him, and, leaving her to keep house for his uncle, Ole N. Barsness, he went to Minnea})olis, IMinnesota. While there he ran an engine for the Minneapolis & North- ern Elevator Company for tliree years. On POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 223 liis coming back to his uncle's fanu, having to go to Grand Forks, he took his sister with him, leaving her at Fargo. Not long after this educatetl ami beloved sister was taken sick and soon died. Her remains were brought to the family cemetery, in Pope county, and interred. Our sui)ject was married, May G, 1887, to Bertha P. Barsness, and they settled down on tilt! farm which he had bought in 1879. Their union has been blessed with one child — Scott. Mr. Barsness is an energetic representative of the nationality to which he belongs. He has always taken an active interest in all ])ublic affairs, and is the ])resent assessor of the township. [|r^ NUTE L. BREVIG, is a memi)er of the Jt?{\. firm of Brevig Brothers, dealers in hardware and agricultural iinplenieiits, one of the most responsible and reliable business houses at Starbuck. i\Ir. Brevig was boi'n in Norway, on the liUh of I )ec(nnbei-, IStiU, and is a son of Lars and .\niia Brevig. lie renuuned in his native land until he was seven years of age, when his parents immi- grated to the United States with theii- family and settled in Clayton county, Iowa. In 1S70 they removed to Pope County, Minne- sota, and the father, Lars Brevig, took a homestead on section 34, in White Bear Lake township, where he still resides. Ivnute L., our subject, remained with his parents, attending school and assisting iji tiie labors incident to carrying on the home farm, until the spi'ing of 188:', when he stai'ted in life foi' himself, ani' his hoiioi-able dis- charg-e from a lon^-and active service in the arinv, and ujion his ari-ival in Po])e county he settled upon a, houiestead of l<'>(t aci-es in Gilchrist townslii]), where he at once began improvements, erecting a little log cabin 12.\14 feet in size, and breaking five acres of land during the first season. He n^mained there, tilling the soil until 1884, when he was elected county treasurer, and, having been re-elected in 1886, he still retains that otiicc. He is a man of the strictest honor and in- tegrity, and he is held in the highest regard and confidence by all. His many years of residence here, extending over a period of twenty-one years, have caused him to be well known throughout the county, and his word is recognized everywhere as being as good as a Ixmd. He still owns the orig- inal homestead where he tii'st settled, but has bought considerable other land, and has lately erected a comfoi'table and com modious residence in (ilen wood, so that his proiierty interests here are extensive. Mr. Gilbertson's name has been prominently identified with tlu; history of the county 224 rorr. county, minxesota. ever since its organization. Besides tlie office wiiich lie now holds, he was justice of the peace and town clerk of Gilchrist for fourteen years, and has also served as count)' commissioner from his district. Mr. Gilijertson is a native of Norway, born in 1S41, and is a son of Gilbert and Helga (Peterson) Oleson. His father was a farmer and died in his native land about 1845. In lS4it tiie motlier came to the United States with the family, and settled in Winneshiek county, Iowa, in 1852. In her family there were eleven children, only four of whom, however, are now living — Ragnhild, now ^frs. O. G. Kivley, of Lacquij)arle county; Naive, a farmei- in Winneshiek county, Iowa ; Neis, a farmer in the same locality ; and Ole, our subject. Ole Gilbertson'sljoyhooddays were passed in his native land and in Winneshiek county, Iowa, being brought up on a farm, acquiring his education in tiie common schools. On the 14th of Octoi)er, 1861, as the Civil War was then in pi-ogress, he enlisted in Company (t.. Twelfth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, went into active service, veteranized and remained on duty until January G, 1866, when he was mustered out at Memphis, Tennessee, and was lionorably disciiargeil January 26, 1866, at Davenport, Iowa. Few men saw nuire active and (huigercus .service than did Mr. Gilbertson. A full and detailed history of his army life and reminiscences would fill a moderate volume, but we will liere briefly review the princijjal expeditions with whicii lie was associated, lie pai'ticipated in the battles at Fort Heni'y, Donelson and Shiloh and at the latter ])hice was taken piisoner with tiie iiaianci^ of his regiment, Sunday evening, Ajiril •>, 1802. They were trans- ferred from one ])lace to another, including Corinth, Memphis, Jackson, Mobile, Ca- haba, and flnaily to Macon. Georgia, where they were paroled, and sent througii Atlanta to Chattanooga and Starvation Island, near Bridgeport, where thev were confined for three d;iys without food, and at the expira- tion of that time were turned over to the Union army at Bridgeport. The following January they received orilers to report for duty, and went to Mempiiis, where, under the command of General W. T. Sherman, they were assigned to the Fifteenth Array Corps, and marched on to Vicksburg, then on to Jackson, Mississippi, where as a part of Tuttle's division they participated in the battle at that place on the 14th day of July, 1863, and they had the honor of taking the city. They also participated in the opera- tions at and about Vicksburg during the siege. After considerable skirmisiiing with the Confederates under General Johnson, they were detailed to guard I'aiiroads in Tennessee, and while there the regiment vet- eranized, and were granted the usual veter- an's thirty-day furlough. Our subject, at the expiration of this time rejoined his regiment, which was then at-, tached to the First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. They were ordered to Tupelo, Mis- sissippi, to drive the Confederates, under For- est, from the State, and participated in that terrible battle, which ensued July 13, 1864. and the following day at Brownsville. After this they participated in a great many skirm- ishes, making marches after Price in Arkan- sas, then to Cape Girardeau. Missouri ; to Jef- ferson City, and chased Price to Kansas City, getting in hearing distance, but not in sight, of his forces. They were then ordered back to Nashville, Tennessee, and participated in the battle at that place, Decern bei' 15 and 16, 1864. During the following winter our subject went to New Orleans with his regi- ment, to join the expedition under General Canby, against Mobile, and also participated ill the week's siege at Spanish Fort. During all this time while being in far fi'om good health, our subject remained with ids regi- ment, except a few days spent in the hospi- POPE COUNTY. MfN.VF.SOTA 225 tal. After being mustered out. in istJO, he returned to iiis liome in Iowa, and tlie fol- lowing spring came to Pope county, IMinne- sota, as has been stated in the earlier portion of tliis article. In 1S72 Mr. Ciilbertson was married to Miss Levi Christoverson, a native of Norway, and they have a family of seven children living, as follows — Julia II., Gilbert, ('arl E., Cecelia T., Rosetta A., Theodore N., and Oswell (t. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. In political matters Mr. Gilbertson is a staunch rej)ui)lican. ^^EORGE P. WINSLOW, a native of V^^ Pennsylvania, was born Jfay 13, 1847. llis parents were John and Jenette (Loghry) Winslow, natives of New York. Their his- tory will appear elsewhere in this Album. Our subject was educated in Clinton county, Pennsylvania, and from the time he Avas six- teen to twenty-one years old, he followed lumbering. He then removed to Wisconsin, where he worked in the lumbering districts for three years. From that ])oint he went to Lincoln, Nebraska, and found employment on the State Agricultural Farm for two years. He then went to AVestern Nebi'aska and farmed for seven 3'ears in Nuckolls county; also raised considerable stock. Fi'om there he moved to Pope county. Minnesota, purchasing 160 acres of land on section 3, Grove Lake, and 100 acres in Leven town- ship, and carries on general fai-ming and stock-growing. At ))resent he is living in the village of Yillard, where for some time he was engaged in the agricultural imple- ment l)usiness, at the same time carrying on his farm. He was one of the town council- men for three years, and is now president of the council. He alsohekl the office of street commissionei' foi- four years. He was juar- ried, October o. IS73, to Miss Nora M. Joy, who was born September 3, 1854, in Barry county, l\nchigan. She was the daughter of Lucius I), and P.etsy J. (Hall) Joy. Her father \vas a farmer, and an active member of the ilethodist Episcopal Church. He; died January lo, 1888. The mother died in the month of February, 1874. Mrs. Winslow is the fifth in a family of eight children — George, Albert, DeAV itt, Frank, Nora ]\L, and three who died in infancy. Mrs. Winslow was educated at Battle Creek, Michigan. She is a graduate of the High School of that city, and for some time was a teacher. She is now the mother of three children — Jessie, Inez and Lizzie. In his political belief Mr. Winslow is a democrat, and always takes an active inter- est in all public matters. He is a man of the sti-ictest integrity, and is regarded as one of tlie most substantial and capable business men in the northern iiart of the county. fiiMES BLAIR, one of the old settlers and pioneers of the northeastern portion of Pojie county, is a resident of section 19, Leven township, where he located in 1S('>7. He is a native of Ireland, where he was born in 1825, and is a son of James and Jane (Donaldson) Blair. When he was only seven years of age his parents removed with their family to Canada, where the father died shortly afterward. The mother lived there until the time of her de:ith, in 1883. The parents had a family of tive children, as follows — John, James, AVilliam, Samuel and Jane, all of whom are living except John, wiio died in Haron county, Canada, when thirty-seven years of age, leaving a family consisting of a wife and four chil- dr(»n. James lilair, our subject, spent his boy- hood davsand received his education in Can- ada. When twent3'-one years of age he be- 226 POPE COVNTW M/XXESOTA. gan life on his own account and engaged in farming. Later lie purchased a farm in Canada, which he cultivated for a number of years. In 1867 he sold out and came to Pope county, Minnesota, locating upon a claim on sections 19 and 30, Leven town- shij), where he has since lived. He now has one of the best farms in the county and carries on farming and stock-raising exten- sively. He is in excellent circumstances financially, owning about -100 acres of land, and is rated as one of the most solid and substantial farmers in the county. Mr. Blair was married in 1845 to Miss Eliza Jane Peacock, a native of Canada, and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Peacock. They have been the parents of ten children, eight of whom are still living — Jane, Re- becca. Margaret, John, William, James, Sam- uel and George. Those deceased were named Josepli and Lizzie. The family are exein])larv members of the Episcopal Church. Li his political views Mr. Blair affiliates with the democratic party. ■ • ■' > ■ ■ S^'t-^^HARLES ELLERTSON, a successful and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 13, Langhei township, is one of tiie pioneers of the southwestern part of the county, being among the very first settlers in what is now the town of Langhei. Mr. Ellertson was born in the northern part of Norway, on the 11th of August, 184(5, and is a son of Ellert and Runog (Olsondat- ter) Carlson. His mother died in the old country in 1863, and during the following year the father, accompanied by tiie rest of the famih', sailed for America, and after a voyage of five weeks across the Atlantic they landed in Quebec, Canada. They at once came to La Crosse county, Wisconsin, wiiere they lived for two years and then in 1866, they came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled on section 13, Langhei township. They were among the first settlers here, com- ing at the same time as did G. and Osmund Tharaldson. The father, Ellert Carlson, died here in 1871. At that time he was tiftv-nine years of age. He had for many }'ears been an exemplary member of the Lutheran Church, and had held various offices in that organization in his native land. Fanning had been his pi'incipal business through life, although when a young man he had learned the blacksmith's and carpenters trades and had worked at these lines a good deal, in connection with farming. Ellert Carlson was the father of seven children, as follows — Anna, Lars, Charles, Edward, Ee- gina Dortlia and Martha — all of whom are married except the last named. Regina lives in Stearns county, Dortha lives in Stevens county, while the rest are residents of Pope county. Chai'les Ellertson grew to manhood and. was educated in the land of his birth. He came here, as above stated, with his father, and lias since been a resident of Pope county. In 1884 he engaged in general merchandise business at Starl)uck in company with Gus Signalness, but after a year he bought out his partner's interest, antl for one jear con- ducted the business alone. During this time he took an active interest in public affairs, was one of the village trustees, school direct- or and also deputy ])ostniaster for two years. Since that time he has devoted his attention to farming and stock-raising. He has one of the most valuable farms in the township, and is recognized as one of the most substantial and solid citizens in the southwestern part of the county. Mr. Ellertson was married in January, 1876, to Miss Anna Isaacson, and they are the parents of live children, as follows — Emma, Sevirne. Carolina, Thea and P'red- chester. Mrs. Ellertson was born in Nor- rorE couxTY, Minnesota. 227 way and came to the United States in 1872, witii \wv people, wiio at that time settUnl in Langliei township. Her i)arents are still living here. In the family of her parents there were foni- children — Anna, Mary, Sina and John. -'^^'^- >|pj|vENRY JOHNSON SANDVIG.the sub- ^^'Jl. ject of the present article, is a prom- inent resident of the southeastern part of Pope county, his farm being located on the line between Gilchrist and Lake Jolianna townships. lie was the Hrst chikl born witliin the limits of Pope county, having lirst seen the light January 17, 1863, his birth oc- curring on the very day that his ])arents arrived here. His parents, .John and Isa- belle (Olson) Johnson, who ai-e natives of Norway, came to the United States in 1852, and settled in Wisconsin, whore they re- mained two years. They then came to Stearns county, Minnesota, and in 1SG3 thev moved to Pope county, Minnesota. His fatlier was one of the earliest settlers in the county, and has been one of Pope county's most prominent citizens. Our subject has the following brothers and sisters — Isabelle, Ole, Ciirist, Knute, Elizebeth and Anna. He was educated in Pope county, and has always been engaged as a farmer, working at that occupation during the summer and attending school in the winter until he finished his sciiooling. Mr. Sandvig was married, June 24, 1885, in the Lutheran church in Gilchrist, b}^ liev. Scaar, to Miss Isabelle Christc'iison, a native of Goodhue county, Minnesota, ;uid they have l)een blessed with two children — Amelia and Jose])hine. She is the tlaughter of Nels and Paulina Christenson, who are living in Lake Johanna township. She was educated in Pope county, and has four brothers and sisters, she being the oldest. Our subject is a ]ironiinent man in his' township, and has held the office of ])ostmaster since 1888. suc- ceeding his father, who held that position for a great many years. He has an extensive farm of 400 acres. The place is well iiu- proved and he is engaged in genei-al farming and stock-raising. In political mattei's lie is a republican. ■ • ■» > •i^i^'-^— ^ 1B)ETER ERICKSON is a prosperous citi- W~ zen of Pope county, located on sec- tion 21, Lake Johanna township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-ivais- ing. He is a native of Norway, born in the western part of that kingdom,August 3,1835 and is a son of Erick and Tora (Erickson) Knuteson, who were natives of that king- dom. He came to this countrv in 1867. and. after landing in Quebec, Canada, went to Green county, Wisconsin, where he i-cmained for several years, engaged in farming, and. lor some time was engaged as teacher in a Noi-- wegian school in that place. He came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took his pres- ent farm, on which he has since remained. Our subject is a prominent man of his town- ship, and has filled the following offices postmaster, constable, treasurer, school treas- urer, and assessor. His father was engaged in fanning, and there were the following children in the par- ents' family — Knute, Nerod, Anna and Peter, all of whom are living cxcejit Knute. Peter spent his school days in his native laml, and during the summer he worked on his father's farm. Mr. Erickson was united in marriage, P'eb- ruary 5, 1S6S, to Miss Anna Olson, a native of the kingdom of Norway, who came to tin's country when she was four years of age witli her parents, who settled in Wisconsin. Thev have been blessed with ten children — Ed- ward, Henry, Severt, Anton, Cai-aline, 22S POPE COUiVTY, A//jVX/:SOTA. Charley, Lizzie and Peter — all of whom are single and at home with tlieir parents — and Martin and Albert who are dead. Our sub- ject has a farm of 1S3 acres, a good share of which is under a high state of cultivation, and has eigliteen acres of timber land. lie and iiis family are exemj^lary members of the Lutheran Church, of which organization he is secretary. In ])olitical matters he affili- ates with the rejniblican party. John E. JOHNSON, a prosperous and Jj hio-hlv-esteemed farmer, residing on sec- tion 7, Blue Mounds townsliip, is a native of Norway, born in Gulbrandsdalen, Febru- ary 2.5, 1853. lie came to the United States with his parents and one sister in 1857, and after landing in Quebec, Canada, came to Coon Prairie, Wisconsin, where they re- mained a few months, then moved to LTpper Coon Valley, a distance of eight miles. Later, our subject came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled on his present place, having pi*e- viously purchased eighty acres of railroad land. He now has an extensive farm of 280 acres. He is now engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising, has quite a number of graded cattle, a full-blooded Durham bull, a " Clyde and Black Hawk" stallion and good building imjirovements. Mr. Jolmson is at present tiie ciiairman of tlie boai'd of super- visors, which position he has held for five years, and in political matters is a repub- lican. He received his education in Wiscon- sin, and after leaving school read medicine with Dr. Aass, of Coon Prairie, AYisconsin, for two yeai's, and has been engaged more or less in this profession in connection with farming. His parents remained in AVisconsin until 1884, when they came to Pope county, settling on a farm in Blue Mounds township. The mother was killed by lightning in 1885. There were six chihh'en in the house besides the mother, the shock rendering two uncon- scious and instantly killing the mother. She was buried in Walden township. The father is still residing on his farm in Blue Mounds township. The father was a Union soldier. He enlisted in lS6-t, and was discharged in 1865, and was with Sherman in his " march to the sea." Mr. Jolinson was married in January, 1875, to Miss Agnes Peterson, and tlie\' have been blessed with the following children — Edwin, Tonethe, Peter, Pettrene and Anna. Mrs. Johnson is a native of Norwaj', born July 7, 1855, and came to the United States in 1861, with her ]iarents, and settled in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Hei* father is dead and her mother is living witli lier. Mrs. Johnson was educated in Norway, and they were two months in making the trip ci'ossing the ocean. Our subject has the following broth- ers and sisters — Mary, Martha, Tobias, An- di-ew, Dinah, Ida, Ellen, Anna (who died in cliildhood, and a \'ounger sister was given, the same name), Edward and Thea. /^\'-v\LE DAVIDSON, a prosperous and x^iX highly esteemed citizen of Pope county, resides on section 26, Rolling Fork township. He was iiorn in Nor Fure, Nor- way, April 5, 1831, and is a son of David Rasmusson and Anna Burwald, who are natives of that kingchjm. He remained at home until he was nineteen, when he worked for farmers for six 3'ears, after which he learned the carpenter's trade. He built two large churches in the Old World. In 1861 he came to the United States, and settled in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he worked a farm on shares for half. After leavmg there, he went to Columbia county, Wiscon- sin, where he rented a farm and remained seven years. He then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and bought 360 acres of land in rOPE COVXTY, Mlh'XE^OTA. 229 Rolling Fork townslii]). on section 26. Since his settlointMit, iu' lias beon engaged in gen- eral fanning ami stock-raising, also lias romise, and his death was a sad blow to his parents and a wide circle of friends. A young man of the strictest integrity, he had the esteem of all who knew him. In political matters Vly. Andrew affiliates with no particulai' })arty, but is independent in his views. .-^^ /S^ LEF GUNDERSON, a respectable and vS" well-to-do farmer, residing on section »!, Hoff township, was born in Norway, in November. 1822, and is a son of Gunder and Carrie (Ellefsdatter) Olson. The parents both died in the old country. They hail t wo sons— Ole and Elef. Elef Gunderson, our subject, grew to man- hood in the land of his birth, imbibing the same principles of industry, economy and thrift which are so characteristic of the race from which he springs. On the 26th of October, 1853, he was mai-ried to Miss Bertha Olson, a native of the same land. On the 3rd of July, 1868, Mr. Gunderson. with his family, arrived in the United States, landing in New York city. They at once came West, and settled at Albert Lea, Freeborn county, Minnesota. Five years later they removed to Fox Lake, Minnesota, where they were engaged in farming for eleven years. In Septembei-, 1883. they came to Pojie county, Minnesota, and ]\fr. Gunderson purchased his jiresent farm of Kit) acres, on section 6, Hoff township. He is engaged in diversified farming and stock-raising, and has been very successful. Mrs. Guiulerson was born in Norway, February 26, 1835, and was a daughter of 232 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Ole Anienson. Mr. and ISIrs. Gunderson have been the j)arents of eleven children — Ole, Edward, Carrie, Lizzie, Carl, Gilbert and Ella, all living; and Mary, Carrie, Gunder and Elef, who are dead. Carrie mai'- ried C. W. Comstock,» a farmer in iStevens county ; and Ole married Mattie Elliott, and is engaged at tailoring in Faribault. The family are exemplary and respected members of the Lutheran Chui'ch. In polit- ical matters our suljject affiliates with the republican party. lie is a man of the strictest integrity, and stands high as a citizen in the community in which he lives. ^^NGEBRET O. FOSS, who carries on a x^? blacksmith and repciir shop at the village of Brooten, Stearns county, is one of the representative citizens of the locality in which he lives. Born December 8, 1848, in Norway, he was raised to manhood there, and imbibed those well known habits of in- dustry, integrity and economy, which are so characteristic of his race. lie received a good education in his native land, supple- menting it with a course of about three years in the high schools. While still a lad he learned the blacksmith's trade from his father, who was also a blacksmitii, and Enge- bret has followed that calling through life. In June, 1883, our subject came to the United States, landing at Castle Garden, New ^'ork City, and proceeded at once to Minnesota. In the fall of 1887 he came to Brooten and has since carried on business at that place. He is an excellent workman, anddoesa laree business. Mr. Foss was married in 1870 to Miss Marv Hanson, a native of Norway, and their marriage has been blessed with six children, whose names are as follows — Ole, Jfary, Hans, Inwald, Iven and Oscai'. The familv are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. In political matters Mr. Foss is a supporter of the principles advocated by the republican party. W' E-HURSTON A. BENTERUD, who is a successful farmer of section 31, Glen- wood township, was born in Norway, Feb- ruary 6, 1845. He is the son of Andrewson II. and Rosa (Thortenson) Benterud, also na- tives of Norw^ay. They were farmers and came to America in 1 851, settling in Rock county, Wisconsin, where the father worked a farm for three years. In 1855 x\ndrewson H. Benterud moved to Mitchell county, Iowa, and there remained as a farmer until his death, in 186(5. The mother is still liv- ing in Iowa — over ninety years old. Her husband was one of the most extensive farmers of that county. He was a man of note and much influence ; he, together with his family, belonged to the Lutheran Church. He helped to build a tine church edifice in Mitchell county, Iowa, and ever took an active part in church and school work, lie was much beloved for his honesty and kin- dred Christian principles. He had six chil- dren, two sons and four daughters — Betsey, now Mrs. Goldberg; Mattie, now Mrs. Cul- bortson ; Kirste, no\y Mrs. Lien ; Halver A., now dead, Thurston A., and Julia, now Mrs. Oleson. Thurston A., subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm in Norway, until six years old, then came with his parents to America. He remained at home until fif- teen yeai's old, receiving a common school education. He then clerked in a store at Kasson, Minnesota. September 13, 1866, he filed an apjilication in the land office at St. Cloud for ir.d acres of land in section 30, in the townshij) of Chippewa Falls, Pope POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 233 county. He afterward })urcliasecl forty iicres adjoining tliis tract. On tliis farm he built a fine franu? house, and generally improved the premises and raised stock and grain, lie remained there until 1878. tiien sold out and purchased IGT acres of [)rairie land and live acres of wood land, where he now lives. Tills place is finely improved, containing good buiklings, fencing and a fine growth of trees. He keeps considerable stock, and is one of the most extensive farmers in the county. Mr. Benterud was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Oleson in 1807. She was a native of Norwiw and ihe daughter of Olliol Oleson. The}"^ have a family of eight living- children, and two dead — Amelia C. now Mi-s. Dalager; Julia R., Lillie O., Agusta M., Carl O., Andrew W., Tiieodore A., GodweJl W., Hilda and Christian. x\gusta and Christian are now deceased. In politics our subject is an indepon, and for several years followed the ])rofession of a school teacher in Goodhue and Bice counties. In the spring of 1870 he settled at Sacred Heart, Renville county, and estab- lished a general nuMchandise store. In the fall of ISSO he was married at that place to Miss Annie P. Berg. He continued in trade 23-1 POPE COUNTY. MI.V.VESOTA at Sacred Heart until the spring of 1887, when lie sold out and located at Minneapo- lis, where he was engaged in the real estate business until the following fall. At the ex- piration of that time he came to Starbuck, Pope county, and l)ought out the general store of Ronning & Engebretson, which he lias since successfully conducted. Pie is now the most extensive dealer in the place, and his stock includes a full line of ready-made clothing, dry goods, notions, millinery goods, hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, boots, shoes, groceries, crockery, glassware, trunks, etc. In connection he does an extensive produce exchange business. He is also in- terested in the grocerv trade at West Su- perior, where he has a half interest in the store of Ronning & Stenson. Mr. Stenson has always taken a leading and prominent ]iart in all ])ublic affairs, and is at present a member of the village council of Starbuck. "VVliile living in Sacred Heart he was one of its most prominent cit- izens aud serveil for several years on the vil- lage council, antl a portion of the time as president of that body. — ««: J^ICHAEL RILEY, a prominent old ls\.is\ settler and the most extensive land owner and farmer in the northeastern part of the county, is a resident of section 11, Grove Lake township. He was born in Ire- land, in 1832, and is the son of Charles and Mary (Cole) Ililey, also natives of the " Emeraki Isle." His parents were farmers, and lived and died in the land of their nativ- ity. They both died about the same time, in 1851. They had a family of the follow- ing childi'en — Charles, John, Miciiael; ilary, now Mrs. Smith ; Catharine, now Mrs. Kear- nan; Sarah, now Mrs. Smith : i'atrick, Ed- ward ; ami Annie, now Mrs. O'Diien. Our subject remained at home until fif- teen years of age, receiving a common school education. At about that time he came to America, landing in Xew York, in 1817 and remained one 3'ear with an uncle. From there lie went to Newburgh, Orange county, New York, where he worked on a farm eight years, and clerked in a store for about one yeai'. He then went to Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, where he was brakeman on a railroad for four \ears. In 1860, he came to Hastings, Minnesota, and worked in a sawmill one year, then went to Sibley county, Minne- sota, engaging in farming. There he liought 220 acres of wild land, which he improved. In 1868, he sold out and came to Pope county, settling where he now lives. He here homesteaded 160 acres, and has since })ur- chased 840 acres adjoining, making an even 1,000 acres of lanti, the argest farm in the entire township. He first built a log house, 16x20 feet in size, and lived in it for fifteen yeai's, when he built his present fine house, at a cost of §1,800. He also has a good l)arn, built at a cost of $600. His im- provements are of the most excellent charac- ter, throughout. He is an excellent man- ager, and is one of the most successful farm- ers in this ]mrt of the State. In 1862 he was married to Miss Mary Brown, a native of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. She was the daughter of Thomas and Sarah (McManus) Brown, natives of Ireland. Mr. Riley has had a famih' of ten children, eight of whom are living. The names of the children were as follows — Katie, now Mi-s. Soule; Mary, a grailuate of the St. Cloud Normal School ; Charles, Sarah, Belle, Francis,Willie.Lewis. Annie and Emily. In his political belief Mr. Riley is a demo- crat. He has been postmaster and school treasurer for several years. He and his household belong to the Roman Catholic Church. He has given all of his family a lil)eral eilucation. some of the children being sch(jol teachers. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 235 pS^II.FRT KOEFOD, register of deeds, ^^^ and one of the most jironiinent and capable \'oiing business men in Pope county, is a native of Norway, born INIarcb 12. 1SG5, and is a son of Hans and IMariah (Tollefson) Koefod, wbo were also natives of the same kingdom. Ilis father was aijent for a com- mission iiouse in his native land. The par- ents and family came to tiie United States in 1S82, and settled at Glenwond, Pope count}', Minnesota, where the fatiier died during the same year. IFe was a man of ability ; a member of tli(> I>utlu'ran Clinrcii, and was held in high esteem i)y all who knew him. The widow still lives in Glenwood, making her home with her son Eileit. Hans Koefod and wife were the iiarents of twelve chil- dren, eight of wiiom are now living — Rev. Hans O.. of Glenwood ; Rev. Magnus, of White Bear I>ake township; Hennnig T., a mail agent in Xorwa\' ; Eilert, the subject of this memoir ; Ilansine, now Mrs. Aage Peter- son ; Ililma, wife of Hon. M. A. Wollan ; John C, a collecting agent, at Glenwood ; and Lawrence, a druggist, at Glenwood. Eilert Koefod received an excellent educa- tion in institutions of high rank in the land (jf his ijirtli. He attended llie common schools from the time he was six until he was ten yeai's of age, and supplemented this by attending the l>atin or grammar school until he was sixteen, when he was graduated. Fourteen davs after finishinjr his schoolin";- he sailed for the United States, making his way directly to Pope county, .Minnescjta. Shortly aftei- ai'riving here, he commenced clerking in the hardware store of Riggs Bro- thers, at Glenwood, remaining with them for two years. At the expiration of that time he accepted a position as clerk in the county audi- tor's office, in which he was en";ao;ed until lie assumed the duties of the office of reffis- ter of deeds, January 1, 1887, having been elected to that office in the preceding fall. He is a careful and pains-taking official, an excellent penman, and his management of the office has been highly creditable to him- self and satisfactory to all concerned. Mr. Keofod has substantial i)roperty interests in the county, having recently jmrchased a house and lot in the village, and also owns a farm in Bangor township. Our subject was mari'ied in 1887 to Miss Clara Rigg, daughter of Ole Rigg, Sr., of Minnewaska township. Their family con- sists of one son, Hchuci' O. Mr. Koefod and wife are active members of the Lutheran Church. In political matters he isastaunch republican. -.^« «4^> ^^^USAN BARSNESS. residing on .section '^^3) 13, Barsness township, is the widow of Hon. Ole N. Barsness, one of the most con- spicuous figures in the history of J'ope county. Ole N. Barsness was a native of Norway, born November 20, 1844. Ih^ set- tled in Pope county in 18G5, and always took an active and prominent part in all public affairs. At one time he went to Norway in the interest of the Emigrant Association, having a free jjass, and remained there for five months. In 1879 he was elected to the Legislature as a representative from Pope county, and made a ci'cditable record. His first wife was Isabel le Simonson, to whom he was married, December 23, 1871, and tliey were blessed with three children — Nellie, Simon and Oscar. Mrs. (Isabelle) Barsness died Feln-uaiy 4, 1878. J\Ir. Bars- ness married his second wife, the subject of our sketch, September 16, 1879. The^' were blessed with two children — Omer Clarence and Omanda. Mr. Bai-sness was a man of more than ordinary business abilit\' and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. He held the agency of the Ilakhi Insurance Com- l)any, as well as of several first-class steam- ship lines. He also devoted considerable at- 236 POPF. COUNTY, MINNESOTA. tention to loaning money iiiul to the real estate and farm machinery business. He died February 16, 1882. Mrs. Susan Barsness, the subject of our sketch, is a daughter of Ole and Julia Ander- son, and was born in Albion, Dane county, Wisconsin, September 27, 1854. She lived witii iier parents until iier marriage. She was left in comfortable circumstances on the deatli of her husband, he leaving her three excellent farms and a comfortable residence on Lake Ben. She is an exemplary mendjer of the Nor- wegian Lutheran Church. [ens SOLHAUG, who is a farmer on sec. tion s, of Minnewaska townshi]), is a na- tive of Norway. Lie was born May ' 20, 184:7, and is a son of Jens and Karen (Dor- thea) Solhaug, who were also natives of Nor- way, the father having been born in 1808 and the mother in 1814. They followed the occupation of farmers througliout life. The father was overseer of the poor, and was held in high esteem by his fellow coun- trvmen. \\\ size he was tall and heavy, weighing upward of 2.50 pounds. They were consistent members of the Lutheran Church, and ever took an active interest in both church and school matters. He was at one time deacon of the church for some years. They were blessed w^ith two sons and one daughter — Anders Nicolai, a far- mer in Pierce county, Wisconsin; Anna Johanna, now Mrs. A. Eliassen, of Hemness Prestegjeld, Norway ; and Jens. Mrs. Sol- haug was married, previous to her marriage to Mr. Solhaug, to Andrew Nilson, by whom she had three ciiildren — Olava, now Mrs. Peterson, of Norway; Christine (unmarried), in Norway; Samuel (married), now in Men- nomonee, Wisconsin, engaged in the lumber business. Jens, the subject of tiiis sketcli, like most of the settlers of Northern Minnesota, was brought up to farm labor, and attended school three months each year from tlietime he was ten until he was fifteen years of age, remaining at home until nineteen years old. He herded cattle and sheep on the beautiful mountains of Norway for his father for five years, going out at six in the morning and returning at night, being frequently seven English miles from home. When nineteen years old he possessed a fair education through dint of hard study. He, witii others of his fellow countrymen, decided to leave their native land and seek for tliemselves a home in the western world. This was a grand adventure for one who had never been away from his home. After landing upon American soil he was delighted with our country and its chances for obtain- ing good homes. Yet, witli all that was charming, tliere came homesick days — he was in a strange, foreign land, among those, who used another language. At Rushford. Fillmore county, Minnesota, he was taken sick, two weeks after having landed upon our shores, in 1866, having first stopped at Quebec for a short time. He was prostrate with a fever for over four long and weary weeks. After regaining strength he went into the country, and hired out to a farmer for one month for twelve dollars. A day or so before this month was out, a Ijoy named Dan Cliisholm. from near Itushford, came along and hired him to husk corn at sixteen dollars per month. Tlie family where he woi'ked treated him like their own son, teaching him, after his day's work was ended, grammar and reading ; also teaching him the ways and customs of our country, which kindness, he says, time can never make dim to bis heart. From this time on he seemed better fitted to cope with the ways of his newly found home. He remained in Fillmore county and worked for the farmers POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 237 until ISTO. wlien lie was married to Miss Syiiiiiva J. Fosse, a native of Lekangens Prestegjekl, Bergen Stilt, Norway, the daughter of John Tvnudtson Fosse ; lier mother was Ranei (Olson) Fosse. They came to America in 1861!, settling in Dane count\', Wisconsin, where the father died in 1867. The mother came to Fillmore county, Minnesota, witli Mrs. Solhaug, in 1868, where she died the following year. They had a family of nine children — Knute, Annie, Lars, Ole, Engari, Gjertrude, Knudt Jr., Synniva and Erita. The parents, together with their entire famil\% were members of the Lutheran Church. Our sul)ject, after his marriage, prepared for the West, ])urcliasing one yoke of cattle and a wagon, and at once started with his bride for Kandiyohi county, this being in the month of June, 1871. They settled at jSTor- way Lake. ]\[r. Solhaug having only one and a half dollars in his pockets at the time. He stopped with a brother-in-law, named Knute Fosse and hired to a neighboring farmer for one month at farm work, and besides his other work he cradled twent\'-seven acres of wheat during the time He got 835 per month, besides what his wife earned at farm labor. They continued this sort of work until in the fall, when the}' took out papers for 160 acres of land under the pre- emption act, this being situated at Norway Lake. They commenced the improvement of the same, working out at odd spells. After three years he sold liis claim for 8100, then, in 1875, came to Pope county, with his wife, driving overland with his o.\-team. lie pur- chased 130 acres, where he now lives, jiaying for the same §325. lie built at first a 10x10 .foot in size log cabin, in which he lived for five yeai"s. In 1880, he erected a good frame house, 16x16 feet in size, to which he has since added a kitchen and bed-room, the whole finely painted. Two years later he built a granary, 14x18, and fenced in his farm. This successful man's idea is that if one will stick strictly to his own business, and keep out of politics, he can, beyond doubt, acquire a royal competency in this land of the free and pksnty. He says he would not trade his farm for that owned i)y his ])arents in Norway, although twenty times as large as his own, for the chance of makinjr a living. Mr. and Mrs. Solhaug have had a family of ten children, eight of whom are now living. Up to this time Mr. Solhaug has been a republican, but isnow a strong prohibitionist. He has held the office of justice of the peace for six years ; lieen town clei-k four years and secretary of the Fai'mers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company of AVhite Bear Lake for five years. Both he and his wife belonof to the Lutheran Chui'ch. /g^LE MORTENSON, the subject of V^i/ the present article, is a thrifty and enterprising farmer, i-esiding on section '25, Langhei township. He was born in the southern part of Norway, in February, 1828, and is a son of Morton and Maret (Knude- son) Olson, who are natives of that kingdom. His father was a blacksmith, and, durinsr the latter jiart of his life, was interested in land for the Government. Both parents died in the old country, and they had the following children — ]\Iaret, True, Mali, Jfar- tine and Ole. Our subject is the only one in the United States. His mother nnu'ried again to Air. Johnson, and both are dead. She had six chiklren by her second husband. Ole Mortenson (our subject) was a fisher- man in the old country, and came to America in 1871, landing in Quebec, Canada, and at once came to Pope county, where he has since remained. Our subject was married, June 22, 1860, to Miss Anna Ellertson, who was born and 23S POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. educated in Norway. They liave been blessed with t lie foil owing- childi-en — Martin, Ilegina, Anton, Ole, Lars. Carl, Jolm and Edwin, all of whom are living and at iionie. Our subject inherited his present fariii from the father of Mrs. Mortenson (Mr Carlson), and it eoinpi'ises 320 acres of well cultivated land, with good building improvements. (Jur subject is engaged, successfully, in a general farming and stock-raising business, lie is a representative man of his township, and is a republican in his ])olitical affili- ations. His sou is school clerk. Mr. Mor- tenson is highly esteemed by all who know him, and all certif}' to his abilitj^ and trust- worthiness in all matters. lie takes an active interest in all ])ublic and educational affairs, and he and his family are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. WILLIAM PERKINS, one of the sub- stantial and highly respected resi- dents of Wi'stport township, resides on sec- tion IS. He is a native of Steuben county, New York, where he was Ixjrn. July 23, 1S45, and is the son of Hubbard and Ma- randa (Edget) Perkins, natives of the same State. The mother died in Goodhue county, Minnesota, in ISO-t. The father is living at Pine Island, Gocxlliue county, and has al- ways followed farmer's life. He has been honored by various public offices in liistown- shij) and county. Both he and his wife were faithful believers in the Captist Church and its creed. They reared a family of nine children, five boys and four girls — Hiram, Harman A., William, Esther, Eandall, Ira, Rozella, Nancy and one who died in infancy. Hiram died at the age of thirty-six years, a single man. William Perkins lived in the township of Howard, Steuben county. New York, until he was twelve years of age, at which date I he came with his jiarents to Goodhue county, Minnesota. This was in 1857, and his father preempted a piece of land, being one of the pioneers of that county. Our subject remained there until 1860, then moved to Pope county, where he took up a i homestead of 100 acres, on section 0, which, after making some improvements, he sold and then jnirchased his present place on sec- tion 18. He at once planted a goodly num- ber of box elder trees, which have come to be very large, fine and beautiful, as well as valuable, as a shade in summer and a protec- tion in the winter. He raises grain, and also is extensively engaged in the growing of fine stock, Holstein cattle being a specialty with him. In 1871, on the 5th of October. !Mr. Per- kins was married to Miss Ardelia Wilson, a native of Pennsylvania, the daughter of E P. B. and Cathai'ine (Irwin) Wilson, natives of Ireland and New Hampshire. The ])ar- ents were married at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, in 1835. Mr. Wilson was edu- cated in Ireland, and came to this country in 1833, stopping at St. Johns, New Bruuis- wick. The parents had a family of the following children — Mary, Sarah (deceased), Sophronia (deceased), Daniel (deceased) Annie, Ardelia (tieceased), Sarah, Bradford (deceased), Ardelia, now Mrs. Perkins, Brad- ford and George. The wife of our subject finished her edu- cation in Pope county, Minnesota. Her parents belong to the Seventh Day Advent- ists. Their children, five in number, are as follows — Minnie, Cora, Hai-ry, Katie and Olive, all still living at home with their par- ents. Mr. Perkins is a republican in his ))ol- itics, and is an active member of the school board, having been director since 1885. He has been prominently identified with the growth and development of the northeastern portion of the county, and is one of the lead- ing citizens of the township in which he lives. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 239 lOHAN E. HANSON, a resident of section 31, Cliipjjewa Falls to\viislii|), is a native of Norway, born .^^ay 11, 18r)2, and is tlie son of Hans N. and Engehor (Anderson) Hanson, who were also of Norwegian birth. The father was foreman in a lai'ge iron manufactory I'oi- nineteen years, lie also, during this tini(% had charge of a large tim- ber tract, and aftorwaril cariied on mercan- tile business for four years. In 1872 he sold his Imsiness interests in Norway and sailed for America, and located in Pope county, Minnesota, at a point in Rolling Fork town- shi|), where he took a homestead of ninety- seven acres, and improved it. \\q afterwai'cl sold it and purchased school land in the township of Harsness, to the amount of eighty acres, wliicli he improved and afterward sf)l(l. lie is now retireti, and makes his home witii his son, in Rolling Forks townshij). The family consisted of five children — Johan E., Lewis, nog(;hart, Herman and Annie, now Mrs. Forreldson. Both tiie father and mother are Lutherans. The sui)ject of this biographical sketch, Johan E. Hanson, was born at Konigsberg City, Norway, and attended school at Eids- foss. At the age of sixteen he entered a store as clerk, remaining for three years, and in 1871 came to America, first sto])|)ing in Utica, Dane county, Wisconsin, lie was there emplo3'ed one 3'ear on a farm, and then came to Pope count}', Minnesota, and worked in a mill at Chippewa Falls for about two yeai's. The ne.xt two years he worked at milling at Swift Falls, Swift countv, Min- nesota. He then purchased a farm of 147 acres in (Uiippewa Falls townshij). This was improved by iiim and linally a pDrtimi of it was sold, lie tiien l)ought seventy acres, which joiiunl l:is, and now lias l.'>0 acres, all finely improvrd. He is engaged in the stock business and also in "-eiitMal farminjr. He was married, March 31, 1877, liy Rev. Re(]ue, to Miss Olia Peterson, ilaughter of Peter and JNIarit (Engerbretson) Peterson, natives of Norway. Mr. and 'Mrs. Hanson are blessed with a family of four children now living- — Herman, Marie, Inga and Sophus. In his political faith Mr. Hanson does not stick to parties and is iiide))('n(lent, voting for the best man. He has held the office of township supervisor, assessor, school director and school clerk, holding the latter at the present time. He was elected as county commissioner in 1886, and is looked upon by all as one of the leading and one of the most intelligent and reliable citizens in the southern part of the county. -«" [aMES REID JAMISON, one of the most intelligent and best ])osted citizens in Leven township, resides on section lit, where he carries on general farming. He is a native of the city of Philad(>l|)nia, Pennsyl- vania, Ijorn June 29, ISfil, and a, son of John and Jane (llogaii) Jamison, who were natives of Ireland. The father learned the carpenter's trade in '• the Emerald Isle," and came to the United States about 1842, locat- ing: in New York Citv. There he was nuvr- ried and remained for a numi)ei' of years, working at his trade. He then located in the suburbs of the city of Philadel])hia, where he still lives, actively carrying on his trade. The mother came to the United States about 1851. ]\Ir. and Mrs. John Jamison were the parents of eight children, the following of whom arc still living — Robert, James, Samuel, Mary J. and Sarah. James R. Jamison, the subject of our present article, spent his boyhood days and received his education in the city of Phila- delphia, attending school 11 mil he was twelve yeai-s of age. He then began learning the printer's trade — " the art preservative of all arts" — and worked at this for two yeai's. After this he worked at carpentering with 240 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. his father, off and on, for three or four years, and then, in 1876, when he was fifteen years of age, he came to Minnesota with WiUiam Hogan, an uncle on liis mother's side. He worked for that gentleman for nearly three years, and then returned to the city of his birth, and was there employed at carpenter- ing. He remained in Philadelphia until 1SS5, when he again came to Pojie county, Minnesota, and purchased his present place, on section 19, Leven township, where he now owns 240 acres of land, a good share of it being under cultivation. Mr. Jamison was married on the 28th of July, 1887, to Miss Elgiva Clarenna Bundy, a native of Canada and a daughter of "Wil- liam Bundy. Our subject is wholly independent of party in his political views. He and his wife are exemplaiw members of the Eeformed Pres- bytei'ian churchof Reno township. ^.^^ PETER B. WOLLAN, one of the most prominent, influential and successful old settlers still residing in the county, is a resident of section 11, White Bear Lake township. Having been born in Norway, January 5. 1827, he received in his native land that training in economy', integrity and industry which are proverbial traits in the race from which he springs. He was brought up on a fai-m and remained in the land of his birth until is5',t, when he came to the United States and proceeded directl}' to Winneshiek county, Iowa, where one of his brothers was then living. A few weeks later he went to Allamakee county, Iowa, where he workcnl on a farm until fall, and then spent the winter woi'king on the levees on the Mississippi River in the South. In the spring of 1860 he returned to Allamakee county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm, and en- ffaijed in faruiiiiy on his own account. In 1861 he was married to Miss Caroline Nor- gord. In 1866 he sold out and removed to Winneshiek county, where he lived for two years. At the expiration of that time, in the spring of 1868, they started in a covered wagon for Pope county, Minnesota, bring- ing eight head of horses and twenty -six head of cattle. After a tedious and difficult jour- ney of three or four weeks, they finally ar- rived at White Bear Lake, and our subject purchased a claim on section 11, of John Harrington, paying $100 for it. Later he purchased it of the Government for $200- Our subject at once began improving his place, erecting a cabin for his family and a stable for his stock, and. during the first sea- son, broke up some sixteen or twenty acres of land. Times were hard during the first few years, and the pioneer had many disad- vantages and difficulties to encounter, but our subject has remained upon his place steadily since his first settlement, and now has one of the most valuable farms in the township, embracing some 200 acres, with good buildings, fair orchard and land under a high state of cultivation. Our subject has always taken a prominent and active part in all public and eilucational matters, and has hekl various local offices. He is a man of the strictest honor and integ- rity, and ranks high among the leading farmers of the county. Mr. and Mi's. AYollan are the ]iarents of eight chiklren — Carolina, now Mrs. Thomas Ofsthun, of Glen wood ; Johanna, now Mrs. Ole Susac, of Glenwood ; Benjamin, now in Dakota ; Paulina, now Mrs. Charles Gorder, of Starbuck : and Peter, Carl, Gena and Otto, at home. Mr. Wollan relates that during the great Indian outbreak through the Northwest, in 1862, at one time the scare extended clear to where he was then living, in Allamakee county, Iowa, and beyond, and the settlers all left their farms for safety. But, Mrs. Wol- POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 241 Ian being very sick, they were unable to leave, althouoh one night they were warned that tiie Iiuhans were witiiin three or four miles of his place, bui'ning and murdering as they came. After he came to Pope county, for a few years there were many Indians in this neighborhood, and they frequently called at the cabins of the settlers for pi'ovisions, etc., but never created any trouble. /^ Rir.K OMEN, one of Pope county's XiSS'' most i)rosj)orous and influential citi- zens, is a resident of section IS, l>lue Mounds townshij). He is a native of Sweden, born May 23. 1837. and is a son of Erick Anderson, who was engaged in mining in that coimtry. The father is dead, and the mother came to this country two yeai-s after her husband's death, in 1870, and settled in Michigan, where she lived six years, and then came to Pope county, Minnesota. She died in 1877, leav- ing the following children to mourn her loss— C. N. Branch, Ulreka, Erick. Gustof, Carolina, Fred and John. Fred and Ulreka arc dead, and the rest are living in Pope county. Our subject came to t lie United States in 18t)8, and after landing in New York City started West, lie remained a few days in Chicago, Illinois, then went to Marquette county, Wisconsin, where he engaged in mining for six years. He then came \.o Pope county, ^linnesota, and bought land in i'.hie Mounds township, where he has since remained, lie has a good farm of 160 acres, with substantial building improvements, and is engaged in general farming and stock-rais- ing. In political matters Mr. Om(>ii affiliates with the republican party. Mr. Omen was married, June 2-1, 1^71, to JIiss( 'liarlotte Anderson, and they have been bless(>d with the following ciiikb'en — Erick, SehiKi and liiilda. Mrs. Omen was a native of Sweden, and came to this country in 1870. Her death occurred in 1880, and she was buried in Blue j\foimds township. She was a member of the Lutheran Church. Our subject married his second wife in 1881, Miss Ureka Anderson, a native of Sweden, and a daughter of Andrew and Christine (Nelson) Johnson, who were natives of the same king- dom. Her father was a watchmaker, which business he was engaged in all his life. Mr. Omen and wife are exemplary mem- bers of the Lutheran Church, of which organ- ization he is treasurer. --*•-: «4^— ►- JM) ElER THORSON, a prominent and re- Jp^ spected citizen of Pope county, is a resident of section 22, Lake Johanna town- ship. He was born in Norway, October 29, 1839, and is a son of Thor and Mary (Peir- son) Thorson, who were natives of the same kingdom. His father is a tailor by trade, and his ])arents are still living in the old country. Tiiey have a family of nine chil- dren. Our subject received his education in the land of his birth, and came to the United States in July, 1SB7. On landing in tliis country in Quebec, Canada, he went to St. Paul, i\Iinnesota, then to St. Cloud, ^linne- sota, and from there he journeyed with a team to Pope county. For the next few years he was engaged in iiouse-building. and in 1870 he look a homestead in Lake Jo- hanna township, section 22, where he has since remained. When he settled on his claim he built a log-cabin, l-lxlfi feet in size, and was one of the earliest settlers in that localit}'. Our subject is a prominent man of his township , and has held the following offices — supervisor, for seven yeai's, school di- rectors etc., and has always taken an active interest in all public and educational matters. Tiie sui)ject of tiiis article was united in marriage, June 17. 1862, to Miss Inger Hal- 242 POPE COU.VTY, MINNESOTA. vorson, a native of Norway, and they have been blessed with eleven children — Thora, Halvor, Mary. Kirsten, Olena, Hans, Eliza, Ida, Alfred, Ole and Elma. Mary is mar- ried to Mr. Suckstorflf, a farmer of Gilchrist township. Mr. Thorson and family are ex-~ emplarv members of the Lutheran Church, of which organization he is a trustee. He has a well-improved farm of 200 acres, with good buikling imjirovements. In his poli- tics, Mr. Thorson affiliates with the repub- lican party and is high]\' esteemed by all who know him. ^M^DMUN SYVERSON, a resident of sec- Jlt^^jL tion 2, Gilchrist township, is a native of Norwa}', born in yeptcmber, 1845, and is a son of Sever and Engeborg (Amundson) Severson, who are natives of the same kingdom. At the age of six months Admun lost his father, and his mother died wlieVi he was nine years old. After this sad event he lived with his cousin until he was thirteen years of age. He then hired out to a farmer, for whom he worked one year, then bii-ed to another for a period of five ^-ears. When he was twenty years of age he came to the United States, settling in Fillmore county, IMinnesota, where he worked for farmers during the next j^ear and a half. He then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and in the fall took a homestead on section 2. Gilchrist townshij). In the spring of ISfiS he broke some land, and then went to AVisconsin, where he remained until late in the fall, when he returned to his claim. After remaining on his farm for a short time he went to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and that winter cut wood in that locality. The following spring he went back to his claim and put in a crop on the seven acres which he had broken the previous year. He then went to "Washing- ton count}', Minnesota, and worked for a few months, when he again journeyed to his homestead. During the winters of 1869, 1870 and 1871 our subject was employed as mail carrier on the route between Paynes- ville and Alexandria, a distance of seventy miles. He made one trip a week, and there was no road except the one which he " broke " himself. In the summers of those years he worked on his farm. By economy, industry and integrity he has placed himself in com- fortable circumstances, and is held in high esteem by all who know him. He now has a farm of 240 acres, with fourteen acres of timber. 110 acres under cultivation and neat commodious buildings. Our subject takes an active interest in all public matters and has held the following offices — supervisor, township treasurer, school director, school clerk, etc. Mr. Syverson was mariied May 28, 1871, to Miss Isabelle Johnson, and they have been blessed with the following children — Louis, John, Julius, Emelia, George and Martin. They are exemplary members of the Lake Johannes Lutheran church, of which organization our subject is secretary. In political matters he alKliates with the republican party, and he justly i-anks as one of the most substantial and prominent farm- ers of his townshi]). ^Mf AAGEN OLSON is a successful and JL' J. well-to-tlo farmer, residing on section 21, Rolling Fork township. He is a native of Norway, born at Ester Dahln. Februar\' 8, 18'14, and is a son of Ole and Anna (Hag- gensdotter) Olson, who are natives of the same kingdom. At the age of ten yeai'S he commenced to work out. and for the next fifteen 3'ears we find him working alter- nately at home and abroad. In 1867 he came to the United States and settled on Crow River, in Stearns county, Minnesota. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 243 During tlie first year he was sick most of the time, and on liis recovery went to Cold Springs, Minnesota, where lie staid tliree montiis. Tie then went to St. Cloud, Min- nesota, where he worked in a stone quarry for a number of years. He came from there to Pope county, ^finncsota, and two years later he bought 1(!0 aei'es of land on section 21, Kolhng Fork townsliip. Our subject is now in very comfortable circumstances, has about sixty acres under cultivation, owns six horses, forty-five head of cattle, and has a neat, comfortable frame house. Mr. Olson was united in marriage on the 1st day of March, 1875, to Miss Rina Emmer- son, daughter of Andrew and Hertlia Em- merson, and they have been ijlessed with the following children — Anna B., Tela and An- ton. The family are exemplary mend)ers of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. In polit- ical matters the subject of this biography affiliates with the rei)ubliean party. :-*► /^HARLES WESLEY CHURCHILL, one '^y of \\'alden township's most prosper- ous and inlluential citizens, resides in section 30, on one of the most picturescpie and rich- est farms in that section of the county. He is one of the leading stock-raisers in his re- gion, and is one of the most efficient steam- engineers that can be obtained in this part of the State. The subject of this biography was born in the State of Maine, at Corrinna, on the 11th of JIarch. 1841. He received his education in the excellent district schools of his native State. Charles remained at home working on his father's farm until the Civil War broke out, when he eidisted in the Twentj'-sixth Maine Volunteer Infantry, and served his full time, and was honorably discharged. During his active service he was in a great many hard fnught battles, in- cluding the siege and capture of Port Hud- son, Louisiana, Red River expedition, Texas, etc., etc. xVfter the war he returned to his native State, then came to Cottage Grove, IVIinnesota, where he rented land. There he remained until 1870, when he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a home- stead in Walden township, on section 22, and resided on it until 1878, when he went to Hancock, where he remained for nine years. During his early residence his nearest neighbor was a Mr. Sage, who lived a distance of fifteen miles, and, as Mr. Churchill says, ''they didn't often ex- chanji-e evening: calls." Returning from Hancock, our subject settled on section 30, Walden township, his present place of residence. He has 380 acres of desirable farming and grazing land, stocked with fifty head of choice graded cattle, ninety-eight choice Merino sheep, horses, swine, jwultry, etc. Mr. Churchill has a cosy, cottage residence, nestled in a dense and extensive artificial grove. Mr. Churchill was married in October, 1S()3, to Celia Adalaide Heal, of Lincoln- ville, Maine, and this union has been l)lessed with one chikl, Charles William. Our subject affiliates with the republican party in political matters. .«« «^. fDEL FERREE, one of the most highly esteemed and respected citizens of the southwestern part of Pope county, is en- gaged in general farming on section 4, lloff township. He is a native of Salona, Clinton count}', Penn.sylvania, born April 4, 1819, and is a son of George and Margaret (llaslett) Ferree. The father an, 1871, to Miss Sarah Thorson Keis, daughter of T(jryand Ida* Jacol)soii) Johnson. They have been blessed with the following cliil- di'en — Ole, Isaitella, Theodore. Ida, Caroline, Ole, Emily and Emily. Isabella, Ole. one Emily and Caroline are deail. Ml-. Hansen is a man of integrity and 248 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. honor. lie lias lield the offices of supervisor, road overseer, etc., and in ]iolitical matters affiliates with the prohibition party. They are exemplary members of the Norwegian Lutheran riiurch. ^^ — IRS. LUTHERA H. MAYNARD, of (irove Lake township, the widow of Cyrus W. J\[aynai'd, forms the subject of this sketch. Her husband was a native of New York State, born January 25, 1817. His father, llufus Maynard, came to Minne- sota and settled in Winona county, where he finally died. Cyrus W., the son, came to AVisconsm, and followed the trade of a me- chanic ; also worked at the same in Minne- sota, lie was married in St. Charles, Min- nesota, in 1867, to our subject, who was the daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Hall) Adams, natives of the State of New York The father was at one time a farmer in Oliio, and a man of much note. Benjamin Adams had four children, three of whom are now living — Luthera, Allen and Almon. Mrs. IMaynard was first married to Mr. John A. Tye, in Ohio. He was a farmer of that State. They moved to Wisconsin, and from there to Minnesota, from which State he enlisted in Company A, Second Minne- sota Eegiment, and died at Marietta, Georgia, of fever. This union was blessed with two chil- dren — Omer and Otis. Oiner married Adelia Marshall, of Stearns county. Otis was mar- ried in Dakota, and his wife was frozen to death in tlia,t tpri'ii)l(' blizzard of January, 1888. In 1867, at Winona, Minnesota, Mrs. May- nard married Mr. ]\Iaynard. by whom one son was born — Champ W. Shortly after their marriage ]\fr. and Mrs. Maynard re- moved to (irove Lake townshi]). Pope county, and purchased a farm of 130 acres, on section 13, where the husband died, June 16, 1880. In his political belief he was a republican and b\' religious profession he and his wife were both Methodists. He was a man of high character, an exemplary citizen and an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. From the time of her husband's tleath until 1884 Mrs. Maynard remained upon the farm, and at that time she sold and purchased of William Emmerson eighty acres of land, be- sides buying out a claim of 102 acres, which joined it, and this constitutes her present comfortable home. She is a noble type of Christian womanhood, belonging to the ]\Iethodist Church, and an active worker in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She and her husband, now deceased, were pioneers of Pope county, and were promi- nently identified with tlie early growth and development of the locality in which they settled. P'VER OLSON RONNING, one of the most respected citizens and old settlers in the central part of Pope county, lives on section 10, Barsness townshi]). He was Ijorn at Sondre Fron, Guldbrandsdalen, in Norway, February 1, 1828, and is a son of Ole Han- son and Bagnhild (Monson) Ronning. He worlvcd on his father's farm until 1857, wlien he, with his family, came to America, set- tling in Waupaca county, Wisconsin. There he remained for nine years, working in the pineries and on a log drive. Mr. Konning then establisheil himself in Pope county, on a homestead on section 10, which he now occupies. He now owns one-half of the entire section, with a comfoi'table residence. The subject of our sketch was married to an estimable lady, Miss Ragnhild ^Vlonson, and their union has been blessed l)y the following children — Anna, Ole, Siuian, Peter, Carl Olaus, Henry Theodore, Louisa Maria, and Hannah Josephine. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 249 f)le is married to Maiy Skendlien, and tiie}' resiile in West Superior, Wisconsin, where he runs a grocery store. Peter mar- ried Louisa Sylvester, and lives in Starbuck, where he clerks in a hardware store. All the other children are single, and live on tiie farm witii tlieir parents. Tiieir first- born, named Ole. died while they were crossing the ocean. Tliey all are exemplary members of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, and l\\v. Tionning is I'ated among the most enterprising, intelligent anil substantial farm- ers of tlie countv. v^^ J-'VER HAGEN, a prominent farmer on section 20, of ]\Iinnewaska township, came to tliis countiy in ISTl from Norway, lie is the son of Andrew and Mary (Hudi) llagen, who came to America in 187*', set- tling in Pope county. He died in 1881; the mother is still living. They were the par- ents of five ciiildren. The STd)iect of tiiis sketch was reared on a farm in Norway, but in 1871 came to JVlinneapolis, where lie lived for five yeai's. then came to Pope county and purchased 320 acres of land, which he has constantly been improving un- til it has come to be one of the finest in the township. lie raises stock and grain, and is iKiw I'egarded as one of tlie most successful farmers in the countv. Mr. Hagen was mari'ied in IsTT, to Miss Gyda Botten, wiio was the daughter of Eland and IJonnong Hotten. also luitives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. llagen iiave one child — Marie, lie is a man of more than ordinary aliility and is so looked upon by his neighbors, as he has served in an official ca- ])acity, as chairman of the board of super visors, school clerk and other offices, besides always taking an active interest in all public affairs, lie is a strong prohiljitionist and has accomplisiied much good in the line of tem- perance. He and his estimable wife are both members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is the present clerk. His younger broth- ers are honored and well-to-do farmers, ad- joining him. --^: .-^^ §\\R. WILLIAM C. ALLEN, physician and '^/ surgeon, of Glenwood, is one of the leailing and most successful practitioners in Pope county. He is a native of Indiana, born February 19, 1856, and is a son of Dr. Nathaniel and Eliza J. (Reed) Allen. The father and mother were natives of Ohio and Indiana, respectively, and were married in the latter State. The father was a man of much ability and prominence. He was a graduate of the Medical College at Cincin- nati, Ohio, in the class of 184:9, and prac- ticed his profession for seven years, near Princeton, Indiana, where he died m 1859. Prior to his graduation in medicine he was a Keformed Presbyterian minister, and served in an early day throughout Illinois, Iowa, Michigan and Ohio as a supply. He was a graduate of the Theological Seminary at Pittsbuigh, wliei'e he remained four years, and was also a graduate of a literary or secular col leoe. His widow is still liviu": in Hes Moines county, Iowa. They had a family of five childri'U, three of whom are now living — . Eobert J., James li. and Dr. William C. William Allen spent his younger days in school, and was raised upon a farm until he was about fourteen years ui age. He then attended school at Morning Sun, Iowa, for two years, and supplemented this with a course of about three years in the Washing- ton Academy, in Iowa. He then began the study of medicine with Dr. McCaughan, of Morning Sun, Iowa, and remained tiiere three year.s, after which he attended lectuies at the University, in Iowa City, and was gradu- ated in 1881. lie then began the practice 250 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. of his chosen profession at Hopkinton, Iowa, and two years later, in 1883, he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and h)cated at Glenwood, wliere he has since lived. He has been veiy successful in Ids treatment of his cases, and is building up a lucrative practice. Dr. Allen was married in 1879 to Miss Eva M. Wallace, a native of Iowa, and a daugh- ter of Mathew Y. and Ellen J. (Johnson) Wallace, of Washington, Iowa. Their fam- ily consists of two children — Merrill M. and Ethel D. Dr. Allen is a strong prohibition- ist, politically. ^^NDREAS L. BREVIG, one of Pope ^5>^ county's best known and most highly esteemed citizens, is a resident of section -1-, Blue Mounds townsliip. lie is a native of Norwav, born February 7, 1849, and is a son of Lars and Anna (Olson) Brevig. who are natives of the same kingdom. The father learned the trade of a shoemaker, but upon coming to this country took up the occupa- tion of farming. They first went to Clayton county, Iowa, where tiiev remained three years, when they came to Po])e county, where tliey still live. Our subject received his edu- cation in the land <»f his birth, and at the age of eighteen he started for America in a sailing vessel, being five weeks and two davs in making the trip. After landing in Que- bec, Canada, he went to Iowa, as previously stated, and then came to Minnesota. Mr. Brevig was married in December, 1874, to Miss Anna Thon.pson, a native of Nor- way. She died in 1881, leaving two chil- dren, Annetta and Ludvig. and her husband to mourn her loss. She was buried in Wal- den township. Our subject has held the of- fices of county commissioner, supervisor and assessor for many years, and in political matters affiliates witii the repulilican jiartv. He has a third interest in his brother's store in Starbuck, and has an extensive farm of 500 acres, with a comfortable house and good building imin-ovements, wind-mill. etc. He has a herd of from twenty-five to thirty head of Durham and Shorthorn cattle, and is en- gaged in general farming and stock-rais- ing. No man in the county stands higher in the esteem of the citizens than Mr. Brevig. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and one whose word is recognized as being as good as a bond. |pi\ETRiCK OLSON, an olil settler, and V^y prominent farmer, living on section 10 of Chii)pewa Falls township, is a native of Norway, born in 1839, and a son of Olson and Betsey Olson, who were also natives of Norway. The father is now dead. The par- ents had six children — Alexander. Autinetta, Lena, Nellie. Rel)ecka and Louise. Our sul)ject, Detrick, was reared on a farm in Norway, receiving a common-school edu- cation, lie remained at home until he was twenty-four years of age. In lSfi9 he came to this country. sto]iping for a time at Que- bec, Canada, and from there, came to Pope county, Minnesota, taking a homestead, where lie now lives — eighty acres in section 9, and 60 acres in section 4. He first erected a log cabin, in which he lived for a time; then, in 18'^4.built his present house, 16x24 feet, with wing attached. He has a fine artificial grove surrounding his house. Tije place is one of much improvement and value, with good house barn and out-buiidings. Mr. Olson was married in 18(i4 to Miss Julia Gurgerson, to whom five children have been born — Ole, Julia, Annie, Amelia, Amanda. Mr. Olson is a staunch repui)lican, and one of the thoroughgoing representative men of his county. Botii he and his wife are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. #DHN SWEENEY, a prosperous and liiglily estt'i'iiied t'ilizeii ol' l*o|)e county, is ii resident of section 2t>, Langhei township. He was boi'n in County Doneg-al, Ti-eland, in tlie yeai' ISKi. II(; ret-eived liis edut-alion in his native land, and at tlu' ai^c of thirty lie came to tiu3 Tnitcd States. lie first went to Phihidelphia, Pennsylvania, where lie re- mained for four years, and tlien removed to Camden, New Jersey. IJe stayed in that place for a jieriod of four years, and then went to Burlington, Iowa. After a seven years' sojourn in Burlington, Mr. Sweeney returned to Camden, where he lived until 1878. In 1878, he removed to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a farm in Langhei township, on section 2<1, wliere he has since lived. While he was in Camden he was a '• moulder," but since his settlement in this county he has devoted himself- to farmingand stock-raising-. George Sweeney, the fatlier of our subject, was a native of Ireland, and was engaged in farming there until the time of his death. Mr. Sweeney was nuirrieil, Mairli 17, 1847. to Miss Anna Boyce, and they have had the following children — James, ^larga- ret, Charles, Mary, Anna and Etta, all of whom are living. Mary and Anna are still single and live at home. James is in Buffalo, New York, engaged as a carpenter. Etta married Mr. Tracy, of Camden, New York, a blacksmith. Anna finished her education in Camden, and then came to Pope county, with her aunt. She is now a school teacher, having taught school for five years in Swift county, ilinnesota. before coming to Pope county. All of the children except two are school teachers. Mrs. Sweeney was born in County Donegal. Ireland, in the year 182^. and is the dauirhter of John and Marur subject has a well-improved farm of 280 acres, with good buildings. In political matters Mr. Sw(>ency is independent, voting for tlie i)est man rather than for creed. lie and Ins family are exemplary members of the (Jatliolic Church, and ai'e higid}^ es- teemed b}' all who kiKle knuteson and Carrie Thorson, and thev have been blessed with the following children — E miner, Rena, Ole, Anna, Paul- ina, Mena and Bertha. Eena is married to Haagen Olson, and lives in Rolling Fork township. Mr. Emerson is a man of the utmost in- teority and honor, and has been honored with the following offices — school clerk, supervisor in Sherburne county, overseer, school treasurer, etc. Our subject and his family are exemplary members of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, of which society he is trustee. Our subject IS a republican in his political affiliations. — .^ ARTIN WARD, proprietor of the f^tj^rlL Olenwood House, is one of the leading and most substantial business men at the county seat. For a number of years he has been engaged in business at Glen- wood, and has become well and favorably known throughout the entire county as a courteous, careful and capable business man, a man of the strictest integrity, and one whose word is recognized as being as "good as a l)ond." Mr. Ward was born at Cazeno- via, New York, November 2, 1848, and is a son of John and Alarv (Broderick) Ward, who were natives of Ireland. His parents came to the United States while young and were married at Cazenovia in 184T. The father. John Ward, was engaged in farming in the " Empire State " until 1850, when he sold out and removed to Janesville, Wiscon- sin, and there engaged in freighting to Prai- rie du Chien and Dubuque, which he con- tinued f(jr about nine vears. This was before the advent of railroads in that section. In 1859 they removed to Anoka, Minnesota, where the father traded some city ])roperty in Janesville for a farm near Anoka, where he now lives. He owns one of the largest farms in that region, and has made fine building improvements. Of late years he has retired from the active cares of business, but has always been a jirominent factor in the afFairs of the localit\^ in which he resides, taking an active interest in all educational and public matters. John Ward and wife were the parents of eight children, six of whom are now living — Martin, John, Jo- seph, William, Maria and Hannah. John makes his home with his father, and is en- gaged in the lumber business ; Jose})h is proprietor of the Merchant's Hotel at Ben- son ; William is a farmer in Anoka county: Maria married William Kelly, a farmer in Anoka county, and Hannah married James Ackerson, who is engagetl in the lumber bus- iness at Anoka. Martin Ward,whose name heads this article, spent his boyhood days at home, and received his education in the schools of the locality and at St. Anthony, or East Minneapolis. When he was fifteen years of age he went to the headwaters of the Rum River, where he worked in the lumber business for five years, interspersed witli working on the farm. AVhen twenty-two years of age he purchased an interest in a threshing machine, and for three years operated it very successfully. In 1872 he sold out and accepted a position as clerk in the Treinont House, in East Min- neapolis. He remained at this a little over a POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 255 year, ami tlieu engaged in railroad work, becoming overseer of a gang of men on the Minneapolis & St. Louis, and then on the IManitoba Eaihvav, and later superintended getting out railroad ties. After two years spent in this way he took charge of a farm in Anoka county, belong- ing to S. L. Gale. Two years later he re- turned to his former business, and became clerk in the Kimball House, in Anoka, where he remained one year. He was then taken sick and for live months was unable to re- sume hibor. Upon his recovery he purchased horses and went to Benson, where ho opened a livery and sale stable. In 1882 he I'e- moved his business to Glenwood and rented the Glenwood Hotel Ijarn, and has carried on the livery business ever since. In 1885 he rented the Glenwood House for three years, with the privilege of buying, and be- fore seven months had elapsed he purchased the property, and still owns and conducts the house. The building is 132x116 feet in size, at present, as he has thoroughly over- hauled it and rebuilt a portion of it. The house is roomy and comfortable and well furnisiied. It is, without question, the best managed hotel in tin; count3% and has a large and constantly increasing patronage. ■\[r. Ward, from his years of experience, is a thorough hotel man, and as he owns the property, he takes the utmost pains and cai'e to maintain the excellent reputation which the house has attained undei'hisnuvnagemcnt. As Glenwootl is fast becoming a well- known [)lcasure resort, each succeeding sum- mer linds the (ilenwood House well tilled with summer tourists. The hotel is supplied with water from the sjjrings, as described elsewhere in this work; sample rooms have been opened in connection, and withal it is but justice to sa}' that the liou.«ie is (irst-class in all particulars. ()ursul)ject was married in 1SS;>, to Miss Marv E. (tale, a native of Anoka countv, Minnesota, and they are the parents of one child — Hazel M. Mr. Ward is a democrat in his political views, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. He lias always taken an active interest in all ])ul)lic affairs, and has served as member of the village council, etc. Jfrs. Ward is a daughter of Smith L. and Anoie (Stevens) Gale, natives of Maine and New Hampshire, respectively. Her father was a contractor in ])ainting while living in the East. He came West in 1857, and located in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he re- sumed his profession. In 1859 he removed with his family to a homestead, which he had taken in Anoka county, although he continued his contracting in Minneapolis and St. Paul. He was the largest contractor in the cities, and employed a great many men during the summer seasons. He followed this until 1875, improving his homestead in the mean time and keeping a foreman to at tend to his farm intei-ests. He then sold that place, and made other purchases of some three farms, so that he now owns some ;l(iO aci'es, and is rated as one of the most exten- sive hoi'se and cattle dealers in that county. He is a strong repul)lican, a careful and suc- cessful business man, and one of the most solid and suiistantial citizensof Anoka county. Mr. and Mrs. Gale have a family of three children— Mary E. (now Mrs. Ward), Charles and Susie. ^«« ►.^^ t«lDREW KJOS, one of the oklest and most highly i-espected settlei-s in the southeastern part of the county, resides on section Ifi, Lake Johanna township. He was born in the city of Skein, Norwax', Octo- ber 2, 18+1, and is a son of Andrea.s and ^faria (Helena) Kjos, both of Norway. Our subject attended school in his native land iiiilil he was eight years of age, when 256 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. he came with his parents to the United States. Tliey hmded in New Yoi'k City and moved to Albany, New York. From tliere tliey went to Buffalo, New York, tiien up the Erie Canal, and on the lakes to Milwaukee, AVisconsin. They then went with an ox team to Walworth county, Wisconsin, a distance of sixt}^ miles. They remained there for four or five years, when they again moved, with ox team and all their possessions. They crossed tlie Wisconsin River in a ferry boat, and the Mississippi River at Prairie Du Chein, Iowa, and then passing up through Iowa, located in Goodhue county, Minnesota. From there our subject soon came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 22, Lake Johanna township, but, fail- ing to prove up on it, took school land on section 10, where he is at present residing. Tiie father, who was a farmer, died at the age of sixty-three in Walworth county, Wis- consin, and the mother died at the age of fifty in Goodhue county, Minnesota. They \\e\'% members of the Luthei-an Church. Our subject had tiie following brothers and sisters — Thomas, Hans J., Casper J., Anna, Hans and CarptM'. When our subject came to the county there were but seven other settlers in the township, and his early days were occupied in hunting and trapping. Elk and deer were very numerous, and on one trip Mr. Kjos killed three elk. During the first year he had to go to Pa^'nesville, Minnesota, for provisions, and used to be two days with an ox team in making tiie trip. At another time, money being so scarce, he, with a neighbor, took a cow, as legal tender, to Paynsville to secure provisions. Our subject was married, December 20, 1S63, to Miss Letta- Ilalvorson, a native of Norway, and they have five children — Al- fred, Carl, Hans, Ida and Frederick. They are members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is a trustee. Mr. Kjos is a repre- sentative man of his township and has held the offices of constable and supervisor. He has a fine farm, with good improvements, and is an enei-getic citizen, highh' esteemed b}' all who know him. Mr. Kjos has always been an adherent to the principles of the re- publican party. -•*" TfeAVOISURE STEBBINS, one of the many J!^^ "boys in blue" who found homes in Pope county, is a respected and highly es- teemed citizen of Walden township, residing on section 28. He was born at Homer, Cort- land county. New York, and is a son of Almus and Palmyra (Hubbardj Stebbins. Receiving an academic education, our sub- ject finished school and went to California, where he was engaged in mining and in the freighting business for three years and nine months. He experienced the best of success while there at first, but was taken sick, his means exhausted, and he was forced to re- turn home. Mr. Stebbins then was engaged in farming at Homer, New York, until 1861, when he enlisted in Com])any D, Seventy-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry. King's Division, in the First Army Corps, Armj"^ of the Poto- mac. He was in General Pope's campaign in Virginia, under McClellan at South Moun- tain and at Antietam and Culpeper Court House. He was also under Burnside at Fredericksburg, and under Hooker at Chan- cellorsville. His regiment opened the en- gagement at Gettysburg, and it was thei-e that a bullet struck his carti-idge box. explod- iii"- the cartrido-es but, fortunately, iniurino: no one. Tiie following are tiie battles in which the subject of this bi<_)gra|ihy partici- pated — Ra])pahannock. August 21, 1802; Warrenton, Suli)hur Springs, August 20, 1S02; Gainesville, August 28, 1802; Second Bull Run, August 29 and 30, 1802 ; Snickers' Ga[), November 1 to 3, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, rOPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 257 December 12 and 13, 1862; Clumcellorsville, May 1 to 5, 1803 ; Gettysburg, July 1 to 4, lSt)3 ; Mine Kun, November 27, 18(i3 ; A\"ilder- ness, May 5 and 6, 1S('.4; Laurel Hill, May 8, ISU-l; Spotsylvania, May 12,1864; North Anna or Jericiio Ford, ^fay 24, 1864; Ptol- omy Creek, June 1, 1864; Cold Harbor, June 3 to 5, 1864; I'etersburg, June 18, 1864; Weldon Eailroad, August 18 to 21, 1864 ; Poplar Grove Church, September 30, 1S64, and Ilatdier's Run. October 28,1864. 'While at Fredericksburg he was hit with a ])iece of shell and left on the field as dead. At Petersburg he was wounded on the top of his head. After the war closed lie went at farming at Homer, Kew York, in which he engaged for three 3'ears when he sold out and went to Cincinnatus, New York, where he lived for five yeai-s. lie then went to Solon, New York, where he engaged in the mercantile trade for two years. In July, 187o, he came to Pope county, Minnesota, taking a soldier's honu'stead on section 28, Walden township. Ml'. Stel)ljins u-as married Fel)ruary 28, 1850, to Miss Louisa Paulina Matterson, of Homer, New York, and they have been Ijiessed with three children — George Calvin, Charlie Luzerm anil Alljeit Matterson. Mr. Stei)l)ins is a man of tiie utmost integrity and iionor, and has helil numerous important otHces in his townshij). He has served as chaii'uian of supervisors, justice of the ])eace, and has also been churcli trustee. He is commander of C. H. Hunter Post, Grand Army of the Republic. In April, 1863, he received a commission as second lieutenant in the service arul on the 3(>tii of November, 1864, he receivetl a cap- tain's commission. lie was honorably dis- charged Decern i)er 1, 1S04. In religious matters our subject is an at- tendant of the Conorejrational Church, and politically he atliliates with the republican party. AMUEL OLSON. The subject of the present article, a resident of section 4, is one of the most intelligent and highly respected farmers and stock-raisers of Ilotf township. Mr. Olson was born in Noi-way on the 26th of May, 1846, and is a son of Ole and Bertha (Olson) Olson. His parents both died in the land of their birth, the father dying in 1877. The parents had a family of five children — Ole, Nels, Samuel. Oli and Mary — all of whom are still living, two of them being residents of the United States. Samuel Olson, our present subject, spent his boyhood days in his native land and there received his education and drill as to indus- try and integrity which area part of the dis- position of people of his race. In 1872 he sailed to the United States, and after a voy- age of twelve da^'s landed at Castle Garden, New York City. He proceeded at once to Chicago, but later went to Indiana, where he remained for two months, engaged in railroad vvork. His next move was to Michigan but eio-hteen months later he came to Minnesota and settled in Mowercounty. For two ^'eai-s he was engaged there at farm lal)or, and then went to St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where, for three yeai's, he was engaged princijially at mason work. At the expii-ation of the time, in 1880, he came to Pope county, jMinnesota. and purchased eight}' acres of railroad land on section 33, Walden township. He now has 240 acres of land in liotT townshij), where he has successfully carried on farming and stock- raising. Mr. Olson was married on the 12th of December, 1884, to Miss Andrena Moe, a native of Norway, and a daughter of Peter Moe. Mr. and Mrs. Olson are the parents of two children — named Peter and Bertha Antona. Tlie family are members of the Lutheran Churcli and are exemplaiy Chris- tians. Our subject is a republican in political mattei-s. 258 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. John W. Frederick, u prominent tann- er, now living on section 3, Glen wood township, is a native of Tioga county, Peiin- s\'lvania, born February 24, 1834. He is the son of John W. and Amelia (Hinely) Fred- erick, who were natives of Union county, Pennsylvania. Early in life the father en- gaged in the trade of wagon and carriage- making, but later on in life devoted his time to farming. He served as captain of the militia for a number of years, and was county commissioner, sherifif, and filled various other offices. He was well and favorably known in both Tioga and Union counties, and a man of much ability and prominence.' They had a family of two sons and seven daughters, all grown to manhood and womanhood — Eliza- beth, now Mrs. Cole; Esther, afterward Mrs. Bryon, (deceased); George; Catharine, after- ward IMrs. l>rant, (deceased) ; Mary, now Mrs. Bryon ; Lydia, ^Mrs. Lloyd ; John AV.; Effie, Mrs. Bnuit ; and Leah, afterward Mrs. Thomas (deceased). The fatherand mother were faithful members of the Lutheran Church, and reared their family up in the same good faitli. The subject of this biographical sketch, John AV. Frederick, attended school and woi'ked on his father's farm until about twenty -one years old. In the autumn of 1S56 became to Hennepin county, Minnesota, where he purchased 100 acres of land and be- gan farming for himself. He continued this until 1863, when he enlisted in Company E, Heavy Artillery, of ilinnesota. He was in the service until tiie fall of 1865, seeing and enduring much severe hardship, coincident to army life in a time of war. Upon his re- turn, he again went to farm life, selling his farm in 1877 and moving to Swift county. He remained there until the fall of 1881, when he broke uj) housekeeping and went into the employ of the Minneapolis Harves- ter Works, remaining in that tiiree years. In 1883, he was married to Mrs. Clara Strange, of Dover Center, Olmsted county. Minnesota. Shorth'' after his niari'iage, he came to Po])e county and located where he now lives. He has 240 acres in Glenwood township, all of which he has put under a fine state of cultivation. He is largely en- gaged in grain and stock-raising. He values his farm at $5,000. Mr. Frederick's family consists of the following children — Mary, Eva, George, Ida L., John F. and Clara. The first three named — Mary, Eva and George — were chil- dren of Mrs. Fredericks by a former mar- riage. Ida L. is an adopted child, while John F. and Clara are cluldren of INIr. and Mrs. I'rederick. All'. Frederick has held manv of the local offices within his township. He is a worthy brother of King Solomon Lodge, Xo. 44, of the Masonic fraternity, at Shakopee, Alinnesota. He is also an active member of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, and takes a lively interest in county and State politics, he being a republican in his political belief. During his army service Mr. Frederick greatly impaired his health and contracted diseases from which he has never recovered. He was mustered into the service at St. Paul. The command to which his i-egiment was attached operated mostly in Tennessee. Our subject participated in many skirmishes, besides a number of important battles, in- cluding those at Stone Eiver, Chickamauga, and Knoxville. During the latter part of the war Air. Frederick was taken sick, and, in 1865, came home on a furlough. Before his return, the war closed and lie received an honorable discharge. /'.=A,BEL D. REEVES, deceased, was one of tlie very first actual settlei's to locate in tlie northern part of Pope county, and his widow, who still resides on their original rOPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 259 farm, is uiuloiibtedly the oldest settler now living in Wiiite Bear Lake to\vnshi|). Mr. Reeves was a native of Ohio, born December 5, 1824. When he was a child his parents removed, with tiie family, to Bartholomew county, Indiana, where (jur subject remained until seventeen \'ears of age, and then went to Cook county, Illinois. Thci-e lie was mar- ried and remained for a lunnber of years. In 1852 he left home and went lo California, going by team overland. They started with horses, but at Fort Kearney these animals gave out. and they were ti'aded for oxen, and they were six months en route. Mr. Reeves was engaged in freighting, mining, etc., and finally, aftei- thi-ee years' absence, returned to his home l)V water via New York City. In 1803 Mr. Reeves removed from Illinois to Olmsted county, Minnesota, where he bought a farm. Early in 186(5 he sold out, and on the 22d of INfay, left there for Rope county, accomjianied by Nelson Wilson. At St. Charles they fell in with J. J. Crouse, and all came through together, arriving in White Bear Lake township, July 5, having spent some time in looking over the country. At that time the county was not organized, and there was not a house on the present site of Glen wood, they having camped there for several days while look- ing over the countr}'. All took claims in White Bear Lake township, l\rr. Reeves se- lecting his on section 12. on the old trail from St. Cloud to Fort Wadsworth. Crouse left the same fall, but Wilson remained here until 1877. Mr. Reeves had brought with him four yoke of oxen, nine head of stock, fifteen slieep and such farming tools as could be loaded on the wagons. He at once began improvements, breaking eight acres of land during that season and otherwise getting things in shape, but the family lived in a tent until fall, when acabin was ei-ected. At the time the claim was taken their nearest neighbor was four miles distant. The near- est postoffice and trading point was Sauk Center, thirty miles distant, and there was only one settler on the road. The following winter a settlement was made at Glen wood, and a store and hotel es- tal)lishcd. As their claim was on the old trail, in the spring of 1867 Mr. Reeves es- tablished a station at his cabin, and for a year this was one of the sto|)ping ])laces, but in 1868 the road was changed so as to run a mile further north, and this did away with the station. When the county was organized, in the fall of 1866, White Bear Lake town- ship was organized, including a number of adjoining townships, and Mr. Reeves was elected as the first town treasurer. During the first few years Indians were numerous, especially in the spring and fall, and they would frequently come to the cabins of the settlers for provisions. Mr. Reeves remained upon his oi'iginal claim until the time of his death, on the 5th of November, 1876. Mrs. Reeves was formerly Miss Adah Ilar- rington. a daughter of Joseph and Rachel Harrington, and a native of the State of New York. When she was eight years of age. in 1832. her i)arents I'emoved to Cook county, Illinois, by wa\' of the canal and the lakes. Chicago was then but a mere village, without a single frame house on the site, and her father could have taken a homestead of land that is now in the very heart of the city. Mr. Harrington took a Government claim twenty-two miles south of Chicago. When Adah was fourteen years of age, they removed to Kane county, Illinois, where she lived with her parents until her marriage with Mr. Reeves, December 22, 1842. Ml', and Mrs. Reeves were the jiarents of nine children, as follows — Rachel J., now Afrs. Fred Brush, of Yellow Medicine county, Minnesota; Jonathan, who died when twen- tv-eight years of age; Thursey, who died when four yeai*s old ; Susan, now ^[rs. Jacob Berry, of Oregon ; James II., of Fairfield, 26o POPE COUNTY, MIA'.VPSOTA. Swift county, Minnesota; Jolin C, of Star- bucli ; Ada F., now Mrs. Charles Rowe, of Westport, Pope count}'; Martlm M., now Mrs. George Tliomas, of Westport ; and Steven L., who is still at home. «^- JjOHN C. BLAIR, tiie subject of our present j^ article, is a respected fanner and stock- raiser, residing on section 23, Reno town- ship. He was born in Canada West, November 4, 1851, and is a son of James and Eliza Jane (Peacock) Blair. His parents were born in Canada, and were reared and married there. They are still living, being ni)W residents of Leven township. Pope county. Tiie parents had a family of ten children, six boys and four girls, as follows — John, Jane, William, James, Rebecca, George, Margaret, Samuel, Elizabeth and' Joseph. Joseph was scalded to death when only two and a half years of age. Elizabeth was drowned in the lake, near her father's place, when thirteen years of age. John C. Rlair, our present sul)ject, re- ceived his education and grew to manhood in Canada, and came to Pope county with his parents at an early day, settling in what is now Leven township. He has remained in the count}' since that time, and now carries on a farm of 160 acres, on section 2.3, Reno township. He is independent of parties in his political views, and has always taken an active interest in all public matters. For three terms he served as one of the supervisors of his township, and may well be classed among the leading and repre- sentative farmers of the northei-n part of the county. Mr. Blair was married, December 11, 1877, to Miss Winona Moyer, and their union has been blessed with four children — William J., Georoe H., Buiiiice E.. and an infant. William J., the tirst-named, died in infancy. Mrs. Blair was born in Scott county, Min- nesota, November 6, 1861, and is a daughter of William and Christina (Martin) Moyer. Her parents were both natives of Penn- sylvania. They came to Minnesota at an early day, and located in Scott county, and later removed to Pope county, where they still live. In their family there were three children — Henr}' O., Winona and Dora E. "*► '^m^HOMAS D. DAVIDSON, a prominent XJliJ and influential citizen of Pope county, and the most extensive land o\\ ner in Bangor township, resides on section 27 of that civil subdivision of Pope county. He was l)orn in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Octo- ber 13, 1858, and is the son of Thomas and Helen (Morrisson) Davidson. He was edu- cated in the city of his birth, and at the age of eighteen be learned the trade of ship- building, which be followed for five years. For the next two years he followed the life of a sailor, after which he was engaged in tiie hunber business in Milwaukee. At the expiration of five years he bought a farm ten miles north of Milwaukee, on which he remained for some three years, when he sold out and came to Pope county, Minnesota. This was in September, 1885. He at once commenced accumulating land, and now Inis 1,880 aci'es on sections 27, 34, 35 and 36. His building improvements are among the finest in the county, and are a credit to his enterprise. He has the largest barn in the county. The farm has been brought to a liitrh state of cultivation, and it is safe to say that it is one of the most valuable, as well as one of the most extensive, in this pai't of the State. Mr. Davidson was married on the 16th of December, 1881, to Miss Rose Boyd. She was a native of Grafton, Wisconsin, and was a daughter of Rinord Boyd, a farmer ami POPE COUNTY. Ml AWE SOT A. 26 1 carjientcr of tliat place. Their union lias been blessed with two children — llaymond and Florence — -who are still at home. Mr. Davidson has always taken an active and prominent ])art in all pul)lic matters, and has held several of the local offices, such as township treasurer, etc. In political matters he affiliates witli the i'('pul)lican pai'ty. /\A ICHAEL PETERSON, a prosperous _1>.''^\^ anil highly esteemed farmer, resid- ing on section 25, Ben ^^'a(le township, is a nativeof Norway, lie was born in Tronyem Stift, November 9, 1835, and is a son of Petei- and Ellon Klaboa, who were also" na- tives of that kingdom. Our sul)ject lived on the farm with his parents until he was about thirty veal's of age when he bought a farm, on which he remained until ISfio. During the year ISOo, he sold out and came to the United States, settling first in Winneshiek county, Iowa, where he worked for farmers from July until the following May. Michael then came with an ox team to Pope county, Minnesota, being on the road one mcmtii. After coming here he took a homestead on section 25, in Ben Wade townsiii[», whei'e he has since remained. He had but little means oncoming to this country, Init by tliat energy and economy whicii su distinguish his nation- ality he has placed himself in comfortable circumstances. He was forced to borrow tifty dollars of a friend in Iowa, and during his first year in ^linnesota he lived in his wagon and wfn'kcd for farmers to support his family. Mr. Peterson now owns half a section of land and a neat, comfortable cottage residence, nestled in a dense artificial grove of his own planting. He lias a large barn, with stone i)asenient, and also a good granary ami other buildings, and is rated as one of the most reliable farmers in the county. The subject of this memoir was married February 20, 1858, to Miss Oleva Hatling, a daughter of Mosten and Beret Forness. They have been blessed with the following children — Peter, Hannah, Mary Ann, Knima, Marstina and Oscar. Mr. Petcu'son holds the office of supervisor. He affiliates with the republican party in his jiolitics. He and his famih' are exomjilary members of the Norwegian Lutheran Oliurch. In the Old World Mr. Peterson, according to the customary ari'angement in that coun- tiy, went by the farm name of Hatling. -■*-! d)ETER W. JOHNSON, a thoroughgoing farmer, wlio owns an extensive farm on sections 9 and 16, Grove Lake township, was born in 1839, in Canada. His parents were Jacob and Mary (Warren) Johnson, na- tives of the same country. The father was a blacksmitii, and followed his trade for a livelihood, teaching the same to iiis son, Peter W. The family was made up of par- ents and eight children, seven now living — Thomas. Peter W., Elizabeth, Edmund, Mag- gie, Samuel and Sarah. Our subject worked at the forge and anvil for some years, and in 1870 came to this country, settling in St. Croix county, Wis- consin, where he engaged in farming. In 1880 lie jturchased IfiO acres of land in (ti-ovc Lake township, Pope county, Minnesota, and in 1882 bought another (piarter section, and moved here. As he prospered he still in- vested in lands — 160 acres in tlie east part of the township, and eigiity acres of meadow land in the southern part of Grove Lake, be- sides 400 acres purchased in Stearns and Pope counties, Minnesota, making a total of 960 acres, which he owns at this writing. 262 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA Mr. Johnson is a representative man of the coiuUy. He is a democrat in politics, and Ijclongs to the Masonic fraternity. lie mar- ried Rivanah S. Ilutchins, of Canada, who is the dauf^hter of William and Margret (Em- pey) Ilulcliins, natives of New York and Canada. Her father was a farmer and a lumbei'ma-n, and was at one time sheriff of the county in wiiich he lived. They had ten children, the following of whom are now liv- ing — Nelson, Ciiarlotte, now Mrs. Gillard ; Caroline, now Mrs. Barr ; Morgan ; Alice, now Mrs. Cheney ; and Rivanah S., now ]\Irs. Johnson. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are the jiarents of ten children now living, and one deceased — Nellie; Lillie, now Mrs. John Servis(wlio lias two ciiildi'en — Fi-ankie J. and Alice M.) ; William M., Franklin (deceased), Minnie j\[., Annie M., Maggie E., Percy W., Frank ie M., Arthurs and Grace M. Franklin was nearly eight years old when he died. /^LEK OVERSON is a prosperous farmer, Jj"^ residing on section .32, Glenwood township, near the sh(3res of Lake Minne- waska. lie was born about eighteen miles west of Christiania, Norway, November 17, 1839, and is the son of Over and Julia (Alekson) Overson, both of whom are na- tives of that country. Our subject com- menced life for himself when he was about seventeen by working for farmers, working in the jjineries of Norway, and driving a stage. When about twenty he came to America and met with a number of misfor- tunes while on tlic way to Minnesota. On reaching Chicago lie decided to buy himself a suit of clothes, but tlie un])rincipled mer- chants with whom he dealt changed his hard earned wages for counterfeit money. Start- ing for St. Paul, and taking the river he was unfortunate in havin"' his trunk broken into and his clothes stolen. Being forced to get off the boat on account of inability to pay his passage, he walked from Red Wing to Dakota county, Minnesota, where he had friends. He remained in Dakota county foi" seven years, engaged in various kinds of work. The first year he was there he worked for farmers and the next year took a farm on shares, and during the fall of the same year vffn a threshing machine. During the rest of his stay there he was employed in va- rious occupations, in the pineries, etc. After leaving tiiei'e he came to Pope county, Min- nesota, and took a homestead of li>0 acres on section 32, Glenwood township, and also took ten acres on the shores of Lake Minne- waska. Our subject was mai'ried in January, 1876, to Anna J. Olson, a, daughter of Ole J. and Betsey Hazen. They have four children, as follows — Gustaf Owens, Bei'tha, Josephine Marie and John. Alek's father and mother are both dead, his father dying in the Old World, and his mother dying soon after reaching this country. He has been school treasurer, and is one of the most energetic and trustworthy men that Pope county pos- sesses. r-^- ^IjJI^ORGUS JOHNSON, a resident of sec- yt7 tion 3, Barsness township, is one of the many brave " boys in blue," who found homes in Pojje county, and is also one of the most intelligent and jirominent citizens in the township in which he lives. Mr. Johnson was born in Christian-Sand Stift, Norway, August 11, ISJ-l, and is a son of John and Bergit (Anderson) Toi'guson, who were also natives of the same kingdom. When our subject was but a lad of seventeen POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 263 he left home to eai'ii liis own way in the world. In the mean time, while lie was an inlant — only eighteen months old — he was brought to the United States by his parents, and they settled at Muskego, Wisconsin. Three years later they removed to the town of Pleasant Springs, in Dane county, Wis- consin, and settled on a fai'iii one mile from Fii'st Lake, where the parents remained until the time of their deatli. On the lltli of August. 18r>2, our subject enlisted in Com- ))any D, Twenty-Third Wisconsin Infantry, and served for three years— the first in active service; the second year he was sick in the hospitals; and the third he was again in active service. For two months, while in the hospital at St. Louis, he was blind, but upon his recovery he again returned to his i-egiment. Besides many skirmishes our sub- ject participated in seven hard fought bat- tles, including Yicksburg, Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi ; Arkansas Post, Arkansas; Cyp- ress Bend, Arkansas ; (irand Bluff, Missis- sippi: Spanish Fort. Alabama; and Fort lilakely. Alabama. He was lionoraiily dis- charged at .Mobile, Alabama, .luly 4, 1865, and foi' disabilities contractetl in the service he now di'aws a pension of if^PiO per month. After his discharge from the service he re- turned to his home and worked for neighbor- ing farmers until 1 SOS, when he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 3, in (Miippewa Falls, township. In 1879, he sold out and settled on section a, Barsness township, where he has since lived, lie owns a valuable farm of 169 acres, and has comfortable building improvements. In public affairs Mr. Johnson has been one of the most prominent men in the tow-nship in which he has lived, and has held a great many offices, including those of township clerk, justice of the peace, supervisor, treas- urer and assessor, also school clerk and treasurer. Out subject was married in October, 1866, to Miss Anna Ilendrickson, a dauiiliter of Hondrick and Sarah (Munson) Mickelson. Their union has been blessed with the follow- ing children — John Olaus, Bertha, Henry, Torgus, Martin, Andrew. Alfred, Gillard. Ililma and Gavlonl. llilina is dead. ■*- «c*- #DSEPH PEACOCK, sheriff, and a i>r()m- inent citizen of (ilenwood, is one of the mosi popular and wiilely known men in Pope county. Having been a citizen of the county for over twenty-one years, and for man\^ years in an official capacity, his ac- quaintance extends to nearly every resident of the county, while his genial ways have won him friends and su]i|)oi-ters wherever he is known. Joseph Peacock is a native of llui'on county, Canada, where he was born .lanuary 19, 1840. His parents, John and Kcbecca Cunningham) Peacock, were natives of the North of Ireland, who had come to Canada befoi'e their marriage. The father was en- gaged in farming and coo])ering in his Can- ada liome until his death, which resulted from drowning, in lS-18. Our subject left Canada in 1865, and took a prospecting lour through the Western States, and while on this trip he prei'nii)ted the first quarter section of land so taken northwest of Glenwood, in Pope county. This was in Reno township, lie settled upon his place and began improvements, re- maining there until April 7. 1S74. when he removed to the village of tilenwood, pur- chasing a home on Green street, where he has since lived. He was elected to the office of sheriff in October, 1873, and has since been re-elected his own successor, so that he holds the office at the present writing (.\ugust. 1888). He has held various local ])()sitions. taken an active interest in educa- tional and all other matters calculated to 264 rOPE COUNTY, MIWESOTA benefit either his town or county, and is ranked among the most energetic and enter- prising citizens of the county seat. Mr. Peacock was married to his present wife in 1882. She was formerly Miss Ella Cooler, and a daughter of John and Mar- garet (Taylor) Cooley, who are now residents of Reno township. A sketch of her father, who is a successful farmer andjiroininentold settler, apjiears in another department of this volume. Mrs. Peacock received an ex- cellent education in the schools of LeSeuer and Glenwood, and for a number of 3'ears followed the profession of a school teacher, having taught in all some fourteen terms of district school in Pope and Sibley counties, beginning when she was but fifteen years of age. Well educated and well informed, she is a lady whom it is a pleasure to meet. Va\ Peacock's family consists of four children — Charles W., Orrin J., Pansy M. and Archie. By a former marriage he had three chil- dren — John J.. Thomas PI. and Mary A. Oui' sul)ject is a mendjer of the Masonic fraternity. Tn political affairs he is a staunch repidjlican. anil has always taken an active interest in the campaigns of his paily. •-^f^^--*- ^^EORGE H. LEWIS, one of the leading \s^5* Stock-raisers and diversilied farmers in the soutliwestern jKirt of the countv, re- sides on section 'i\. Langhei townshij). He was born at Cedar Falls, Iowa, on the 22d of April, 1858, and is a son of Benjamin antl Mercy (Reed) Lewis, natives of Maine. Ilis father in early life iuul learned theti'ade of wagon-making and followed that calling in his native State. He was married there, and at an early day came west to Illinois, settling about one liundred miles south of Chicago, where he engaged in farming. Three or four years later he removed, with teams, to Iowa, and settled near Cedar Falls, where George H. was born. Later the fam- ily removed to Bellevue, Ohio, where they were living during the war, and at the expi- ration of that time settled at Charlotte, Eaton county, Michigan. There they lived for about twelve vears, the father beinff en- gaged at his trade — wagon-making. In 1871 they came to Minnesota and located at Os- seo, Hennepin county. This journey was made overland l)y team and theti-ip took six weeks. In 1880 the father came to Pope county, and after remaining for two years removed to Taylor's Falls. After this he made frequent moves, first back to Osseo, then to North Branch. Minnesota, where he lived for three years; then to Anoka, Minne- sota, and two years later settled at Osseo, Hennepin county, where the father still lives. The mother died at Osseo, on the 20th of February. 1875. The parents had a family of the following children — Ella, now Mrs. F. Jackson, of Potterville, Eaton' county, Michigan; Anna E., who died at Os- seo, April 15, 1872; Charles A., who died in Pope county, September 19, 1882; George H.; Alphonso J., and Harry C. George II. Lewis spent his school days mostlv at Osseo. Minnesota, although durinETER PENNIE, an ex-Union soldier, and one of the most prominent old settlers in the northern part of the county, resides on section 1, Leven township. He has one of the most valual)le farms in that part of the county, and his enterprise and energy are manifested by the excellent char- acter of his building and other improve- ments, which are a credit to the locality in which they are situated. Mr. Pennie is a native of Kinross-shire, Scotland, born on the 13tli of March, 1819, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Drum- mond) Pennie. The parents came with their family to the United States, in 1853, and settled in AA'^hiteside county, Illinois. A few years later they removed to Richland county, AVisconsin. In 1865, after the close of the Indian AVar, they came to Pope county, Min- nesota, where the parents died. Peter Pennie spent his school days in Scothind, and came to the United States in 1853. He has made his own way in the world ever since his boyhood, and has been, in every sense, the architect of his own for- tunes and a self-made man. He enlisted and served faithfully iluring the war, and after being honorabl3' discharged he came to Minnesota, arriving in Pope county in August, 1865, and took a soldier's claim on section 1, Leven township, where he lias since lived. He has about the finest build- ing improvements to be found in the town- ship, and in connection with general farming he carries on stock-raising extensively, devot- ing considerable attention to graded Ilolstein cattle and Norman horses. Mr. Pennie was married July 23, 1865, to Miss Eliza Bevier, a native of liinghamton. New York, and a daughterof Zenis Bevier. By their marriage they have become the parents of eightchildren, four lH)ys anil four girls — Thomas, Mary, Jenette, Duncan, Rob- ert R.. Eliza J., Daniel and Ilattie — all of whom are still single and at home. Jenette POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 267 lias boon oducateil for a teacher and intends following that profession. Thomas has fol- lowed teaching to some extent in Douglas county. In August, lSfi'2, Mr. reiinie enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, and went into the service. lie saw very active service and remained in the arm\' until the close of the war. A few months of his time was spent in tlu; frontier service in Douglas county, ]\finnes()ta, and vicinity, but most of the time he was in the front, lie was in the Atlanta campaign, and was with Sherman in his fanunis "march to the sea." and, besides many slcirmishes, he j)articipated in a num- ber of the most famons battles of the wai', among the most important of which were the following named — Vicksburg, Meriden, Memphis. Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw ^Foun- tain, Atlanta, Savannah, Salkhatchie, Ben- tonville, etc. He finally participated m the grand review at Washington, in 1865, after the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged. In ])olitics. ^fr. Pcnnie affiliates with the I'cpublifan party. DORR RATHBURN, deceased, was one of the oldest settlers, and one of the most prominent and highly respected citizens of White Bear Lake township. During his lifetime, he took an active ])art in all town- ship matters and educational atfairs, and was recognizird as one of the leading men in the noi'thern i)arl of Pope county. A man of the strictest integrity, nntiring energy, and enterprise, he stood high in the community in which he lived, and his death wassincerelv regretted by a wide circle of friends. Mr. Rathburn was a native of Onondaga county, iS'ew York, born June 2, 1S2(J, and grew to manhood in the county of his birth. On the I'Jth of October, 1853, he married l\Iiss Susan Pike, a native of Wvomino- county,New York, and shortly after their mar- riage they came west to Iowa. There they secured a small farm and remained until 1854, when they came to Fillmore county, Minne- sota, and were among the earliest settlers in the town of Forestville, in that county. There they engaged in farming and remained until 1867, when they sold out and started for Pope county, in covered wagons. They brought all their household goods, utensils, etc., together with four yoke of oxen, one horse and four cows. That was a very wet season anil the roads were torril)ly bad, scarcely any bridges having been built, and it was a common thing to have to swim the cattle across the streams. After a tedious and ditlicult joui'ney of some lour weeks, they finally arrivetl in White Bear Lake township, and ^Ir. Iwithluirii bought th(> farm on section KJ where his widow still lives, ])aying $600 for the claim and after- ward homesteading it. There .Mr. Rathburn lived until the time of his death, November 25, 1886, and his widow still lives there. In September, 1888, Mrs. Rathburn sold 115 acres of the land and twenty aci-es in five-acre lots, together with all of the stock, receiving tlierefor about 83,000. -• •■ > ' ■^^{^• <" ■ Ip) t£V. EDWARD C ELSEY, of the Re- Jic^ formed Presbyterian Church, and a resident of the village of Glenwood, is a man of high intellectual attainments and a high order of ability, both natural and acipiired ; a man of the strictest integrity, and one of the most highly respected citizens of the county. lie was born in Franklin county, Ohio, March 22, 1830, and is a son of John H. and Susan (French) Elsey, natives of Vir- oinia and New York. Tlie father came to Ohio when only twelve 3'ears of age, and in 1867 removed to Michigan. The grand- 268 rorr. corxrr, Minnesota. father of oui' subject on his father's side was Edward Eisey. He was a native of Virginia, a bhit-ivsinith by trade, and followed that callinii- throuohout life. For several generations the ancestors were American, bnt back of that the foi-efathers WQVQ from England and Holland. John H. Elsey and wife were the parents of six chil- dren, live of whom are still living, as fol- lows — Margaret, now Sirs. Clark ; Rachel, now Mrs. Connell ; Edward G., David and Mary, now Mrs. Anderson. Our subject remained upon tlie home farm until he was twenty years of age, attending the common schools, and also attending Ge- neva College, in Logan county, Ohio. At the age of twenty he began teaching school, and four years later taught grammar school (Burns' system) for three j'ears. He then attended the Geneva College for some time, and in 1859 went to Illinois and taught school for a portion of two years. While there he was married to Miss Pheba Dobin, a daughter of John aiul Rachel (McClain) Dobin. In 1861 Mr. Elsey returned to Ohio and for one year was engaged in farming. He then spent some time in Geneva College, and (after coming home from the army) finished his course and was graduated. In 1S(>4 he enlisted in Company G, One-IIundred-and- Thirty-Second Ohio Infantr\% (100-day men) and served for four months in Virginia. After the clbfee of the war he was engaged in farming for three years, and then deter- mined to devote his life to the ministry. For four yeai-s he attended the Theological Seminary at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, spend- ing seven months of each year at that insti- tution, and at the ex])iration of that time was duly graduated. He then i-emoved to Louisa county, Iowa, to accept a settled pastorate, and for eight years faithfully served tliat charge. In 18S2 he came to Glenwood antl purchased forty acres of land within the village limits, where he has erected a tine residence and made substantial im- ])rovements. At the present writinghe holds services at Lake Reno, five miles north of the county seat, where the society has ninety members, and he also preaches at Glenwood every two weeks. Ml', and Mrs. Elsey have a family of seven children living — John IL, James R., Ernest M., David B., Florence M., Etta L. and Pheba E. ]\Ir. Elsey is a prohibitionist both in life and creed, and is a liberal minded, courteous Christian gentleman who is held in high esteem bv all who know him. .EORGE W. STEWART, a highlv re- spected farmer, living on section 9 of "Westport township, came to Pope county in October, ISTI. He purchased 160 acres, paying $l,3(i0 for the same. He has greatly improved the farm, and is now setting out 100 fruit trees, besides having made exten- sive and valuable improvements generally, and there carries on diversitied farming and stock-raising. Our subject was born in Canada, April 9, 1838, and is the son of AVilliam and Ann (Brown) Stewart, natives respectively of Scotland and Ireland. They w'ere married in Canada. In his younger days the father followed farming, but later on in his life was a merchant and distiller. He died in the spring of 1869. The family consisted of nine children, six sons and three daughters — AVilliam, George W., Richard, •lames, Albert, Edwin, Sarah, Mary, and Barbara. George "W. Stewart spent his school days in Canada, up to the time he was twenty years old. At the age of twenty-one he embarked in the lumbering business, con- tinuing until 1871, when he came to Pope county, Minnesota. He was married, at the POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 269 l)er of years in Liverpool, lie came to the United States wlien about thirty-live yeai'S old and settled in Illinois with his wife. At an early day, in 18.57, tliey cain<; to Minnesota and setti('d in Hennepin county, where they were among the pioneer settlers. They age of twenty-nine, in ISflT, to Agnes Ritchie, of Canada. Siie was the daugiiter of William Uitcliie and wife, who had a large family of children. Mrs. Stewart is the seventh in order. Their names were as follows — Thomas, Mary, ^[atilda. David, John, Jenette, Agnes, William and .lames. ]\[r. and Afi's. Stewart liave eiglit children — Martiia, Petrea, George W., Jane, Margi'et, Anna and licnry.all living at home. Martha has been a teaciier for fou)' veai'S. In politics ]\Ir. Stewart is a democrat. He is also a Free Thinker. He is full of good deeds and pnl)lic s])iiMt, and has often been in the various local otlices of his town- shi|) and county. He is one of the most inteliig(,'nt and best posted citizens in the nortiiei'ii part of the county, and stands high in the community in which he lives, both as a ni'ighi)or and an exemplary citizen. WILLIAM J. STINSON, one of the most successful and enterprising- citizens of Leven township, resides on section 19, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising, lie is a native of Hennepin county, "Minnesota, born October 17, 1859, and is a son of Hugh and Letitia (Leslie) Stin- son. His parents were of Scotch descent, but were born in the North of Ireland. His grandfatlier on his fathei-'s side was Iluirh Stinson, Sr., a farmer in Ireland ; while his grandfather on his motiier's side was John Leslie, a faiiner, who died in Illinois. Iluoh Stinson, the father of William J., in his ! younger da^ys followed teaming for a num- | lived there for a great many years and finally, in 1S7S, removed to Morris, in Stevens county, wiiere the father died, December 23, 1884, and wheiH' the mother still lives. Hugh Stinson and wife had a family of twelve chikli-en, as follows — William ,1., Leslie, Boyd H., Charles IL, John, Adelaide \'., (ieorge, Fred, Jennie, iSornian, Alferctta and Letitia. Norman was burned to death, when their house bui-ned down. Letitia died when three years of age, and the rest are still living. William J. Stinson grew to manhood and received his education in Hennepin count}', Alinnesota, attending the district schools and also the graded educational institutions in Minneapolis. He left school when he was seventeen years old, and from that time un- til he was twenty-one he was engaged in traveling. He then went "on the road" for the St. Paul Ilai-vester Com|)any, but in 1882 resumed farming, and has since fol- lowed that line. In tiie fall of I SSI he came to Po[)e county, Minnesota, having, while traveling, purchased his present place, on section 19, Leven townshi]). He has a well-improved farm of eighty acres, and tlevotes his attention (piite extensively to stock and grain-raising. For the past four- teen years Mr. Stinson has had more or less to do with running a thresher, and for the past five seasons has operated one on his own account. Our sul)ject was married Decembei' 23, 1881, to Miss Dora E. Moyer, and thej' are the parents of three children, as follows — Maud, Ernest and an infant. Mrs. Stin.son is a native of Scott county, Minnesota, and a daughter of William Moyer. Her people were pioneers in that i)art of the State, bav- in"- located there in 1858. Her father and mother were the parents of three children — Henry, Winona C. and Doi-a E. Mr. Stinson is a repul)lican in political matters, and has always taken a prominent 270 rOPE COUNTY, MIXXESOTA. and active part in all ])ublic and educational affairs. lie lias served as assessor of the township, school clerk of his district, and at present liolds the office of justice of the peace. I ►^- #ARED EMMERSON, a highly respected farmer and old settler, living on section 24 of Grove Lake township, is a native of the province of New Brunswick. He was born September 16, lS2Jr, in the county of Northumberland. His i)arents were John and Maria (Tozer) Emmerson. Our subject was reared to farm life and the lumber busi- ness. He remained in the home of his child- hood until he was twenty-four years of age. In IS-tS he left that county, going to Maine, where he engaged in lumber business until Octoljer, 18i9. He tiien came West, en- gaging in the same business on the Wiscon- sin River, in the State of Wisconsin. He re- mained in that section until 1855, then left for Iowa, stoj)ping in Black Hawk county, and helped lay ont the town of AVaterloo, driving the first stake ever driven in the platting of that place. He owned seventy lots there, which, a short time after, he sold, but little thinking of the flourishing city which was to be built up m a quarter of a century upon that site. After selling out in Iowa he came to Hice countj^, Minnesota, where he engaged in farm life again, re- maining for ten years, and then came to Pope county, settling whei-e he now lives. He first took up a homestead, as was the usual thing for the early settlei's in this section, and built a frame house 12x22 feet. He has since sold and purchased various tracts of land, but now owns 270 acres, all well im])roved. He has been extensively en- gaged in raising grain, cattle and horses. In 1855 he married Miss Mary J. Plunger, of Canada, the daughter of Samuel and Mercy (Gibbs) Munger, natives of Xew York State and Canada. W^iY father wiis enoag-ed in farming, going to Canada when a boy only twelve years of age, and lived there until 1858. He then went to Waterloo, Iowa, en- gaging in farming again. He remained at that point until his death, in 1856. The mother now lives at Faribault, Rice count}', Minnesota, aged seventy-eight j'ears. Mr. and Mrs. Munger had a familv of eight chil- dren, four of whom are still living — Mary J., now Mrs. Emmerson ; Deborah , now Mrs. Godfrey; Ruth A., now Mrs. Young ; Elisa, now Mrs. Mold. The parents were mem- bers of the Baptist Church, of which tlie father was a deacon. Our subj(K't has a family of six living chil- dren — Maria, now Mrs. J. E. Tobev, the mother of four children — Mary, Liiretta, Jared and an infant : Byron G., who mar- ried Sarah Tobey, who has one child, Harriet M.; Charles L., John S., Joseph F. and Robert E. are the names of the remainder of the children. Politically, Mi". Emmerson is an ai'dent re]nd)lican, and has been closelv identified with the public affairs of Pope county. He has been county commissioner, and has held various townshi|i offices ever since his residence in the county. He is a practical farmer and a prominent man. The family attend the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. -««: ERGER MIKKELSON is a successful and well-to-do farmer, residing on sec- tion 32, Glenwood township, on the shores of Lake Minnewaska. Born in Norwaj', at Kono'svimger, nine miles from Christiania, May 15, 1816, he comes of a natio'iality distinguished for their thrift, energj' and per- severance. He, with his parents, remained in the Old WorUl until he was fifteen years of age, when they came to tiiis country, set- POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 271 tling in Cliicago, where lie and his father workei.l in a wareiiouse for two months. Tliey then went to Madison, Wisconsin, and engaged in tiie l)hicksniithing business, which they continued for tliree years — a year and a iinlf of which time Berger ran an engine ill ;i foundry. After the expiration of the llirce years tliey moved to Wiiineshoik county, Iowa, where they I'aii a iilacksmitli shop for two years. Leaving there they came to Pope county, Minnesota, setthng in Glenwood township, wii(>re tlicy took a sol- dier's claim, and it was "proved up" in Bergor's name, llis pari-nts, Mikkei and Joiianna (^OLson) Ijergerson, are still living witii iiiiii. ( )ur subject was married to .]ose]>liine Jolinson, daughter of Joiiii and .\mia (Olson) Johnson, and the}' have si.x childi'en — Mar- tin Julius, John Alfred, Bernt Oliver, Ben Hart, Matikla and Ida. ^^^ RANK M. EDDY, the present clerk of court of Pope county, is a native of ^Minnesota, born in Olmsted county, April 1, 1856, and is a son of Ilichiii'd and ^lary Iv (Sanborn) Eddy. His grandparents on his father's side were llichard and Drusilla (Shaw) Eddy, natives of Massachusetts. The grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812; a man of prominence and a county officer of the county in which he lived. Frank's grandparents on his mother's side were Gil- man J. and ^Fary E. (Ilewes) Sanborn, na- tives of New York and .Massachusetts, re- sjiectiveiy. (hIiiuiu .1. Saiilidru was ;i jus- tice of the peace for over lifty yeiirs, was a soldier in the Union ai'iiiy during the Civil AVar, enlisting when lifty seven years old. He was taken i>risoiier at the liattle of Afiir- fi-eesl)oro, and helil for some live months, contracting a disea.se there from which he never fully recovered. He died in 1887, in Lac(piipaile county, ilinnesota, where the widow still lives, being eighty-three years of age. Frank's father, Richard Eddy, was a col- lege graduate, a man of abilityand a teacher in New York State for many years. He came to Illinois in 1840, and settled in De- Kalb county, where he engaged in surveying, and later took up farming. About 1853 or 1854, he removed to Minnesota and engaged in farming at Pleasant Grove, in Olmsted county. In 1802 he i-emoved to Clayton county, Iowa, where he resumed his chosen profession as a tciicher. In 1865 he returned to ^Minnesota, and engaged in agriculture in Dodge count}', remaining there until 1867, when he removed to Sauk Centre, Stearns county, where he lived for one year. At the expiration of that time he came to I'ojie countv, locating upon a farm on the iianks of Lake Amelia, in Leven township. Three years later he removed to White licar Lake township, and n iter two years spent tliei'c he settled in Stevens county, taking a home- stead, upon which he remained until the time of his death, in the winter of 1S84. The widow is still living in Stevens county, with her eldest son. Homer P. Seven sons born to them are still living — Homer P., Frank M., Volney II., Eugene, Abijah, George S. and Solon L. Frank M. Eddy, the subject oi our present sketch, spent his boyhood at home, being raised on a farm, and attending the ])ublic schools. He completed his education at the High School in Pleasant (irove, and then adopted the jirofession of a school teacher, which he followed in all about live yeans, teaching in Fillmore, Kandiyohi, Stearns and Pope counties. In the mean time, from July, 1884, until the sjiring of 1SS5, he was emjiloyed in the land department of the Northern Pacific Railway. lie had come to Pope county in 1868 with his parmts, and remained until 1874; and then again re- 272 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. turned here in 1881. In tlie fall of ISSo lie was elected clerk of court for Po])e county, and is still the incumbent of that office. In political matters he is a republican. Oui- subject was married on the 28th of June, 1S8(). to Miss Fanny Fraser, of Wash- burn, Illinois, and a daughter of David and Almira Fi'aser. Their marriage has been blessed with one child — Ruth. JVfr. Eddy is a member of the Church of the Disciples, while his wife belongs to the Presbyterian denomination. -i^m--^^ i IMON SWENSON. The subject of this "^^^ biography is a pros])erous and well- to-do farmer, residing on section 2, Blue Mounds township. He is a native of Nor- way, born in the central part of that king- dom, November 19, 1804, and is a son of Swen and Beret Olson, who are also natives of that kingdom. "Wlien Simon was two years of age his parents came to America, and after a stormy journey of fourteen weeks they landed in Quebec, Canada. They came direct to Fillmore, county, Minnesota, wliere they remained three \'ears, and then came to Pope county, Minnesota. The father died at the advanced age of seventy -seven years, in 1>(S2, and the mother is still liv- ing with our subject, and is over seventy years of age. Tiie father always was a farmer, and was a member of the Lutheran Church, as is the mother. There were the following chikinMi in the family of tiie parents — Gilbert, Mary, Bertha, Ole, ()lina, Martha and Bertha S. and Simon, our jn-es- ent subject. Simon Swenson received a good education in tlie common schools of liis district, and after leaving school engaged in farming. He has an extensive farm of 200 acres, with good building improvements, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. j\Ir. Swenson has held, at different times, the following offices — school director of school district No. 42, Blue Mounds town- ship, constable, etc., and has always mani- fested an active interest in all matters of a public nature. Mr. Swenson is an exera])huy member of the Lutheran Church. He is a man of strict integi'ity and honoi", and is one of the leading men of his township. ^NDREW B. WOLLAN. No class of t*"tlL men nor family have done more to- wards the settlement and development of Pope county, nor figured more prominently in the history of the progress of the county, than the Wollans, and a well-known and highly respected member of this family is Andrew B. Wollan, the subject of our pres- ent sketch, who resides on section 14, White Bear Lake township. He is a nativeof Nor- way, born February 11, 1833, and in early life learned and w(jrked at the carpenter's trade. In March, 1S60, lie was marrietl, to Petronelle Peterson, and the same spring- started for the United States. After three weeks spent in Northern Iowa, he came to Minnesota, and for three years was employed at various kinds of labor — whatever he could find to tlo. In 1863 he purchased a farm of eighty acres in Fillmore county, Minnesota, and eng-aofed in farmino-. There he remained until 1873, when he sold out and started with a team, overland, for Pope county. He also brought eleven horses, ten or twelve head of cattle, some sliee]), etc., and the trip consumed about one month. On the 1st of Jannary, 1874, Mr. Wollan purchased his father's original homestead, on section 14, White Bear Lake township, where he has since lived. He now owns some 32(1 acres of land, with 12ii acres under cultivation, and luis good buildings, located in a beautiful natural oak grove. He devotes POPE COUNTY. MINXESOTA. 273 his attention particnlai'ly to raising liorses, in which he has been very successful, and also carries on genei'al fanning and stocl<- raising. lie lias always taken an active and prominent ])ai't in all j)uhlic affairs and edu- cational niattei's, and has held various local oflRcesof this nature. Mr. Wollan's first wife died in Fillmore county in 18(>0, leaving two childivn to niourn her loss, only one of whom is now living — Caroline, now IVfrs. T. Husted, of Glenwood. In 1870, Mr. Wollan was mar- ried to Miss Christina Iverine Cln'istianson, and they have a family of ten living chil- dren — Bernt, Petei', Betsex-, Syvere, Matilda, Annie, Torkel, Nels, Adolpli and Hogl)art. The family are active members of the Luth- eran Chnrch. ^^AMUEL BOOTH, an ex-union soldier '^^S' and a pi'ominent farmer and stock- I'aiser. residing on section -f, Ilolf township, was born in Goshen, LitcliMeld county, Con- necticut, and is a son of George and Martha (Xixson) Booth. His parents were both na- tives of Ireland, who luul come to the United States in 1815 and settled at Philadelphia. They soon moved to Webster, Massachusetts. After this the family moved about consider- ably, and we find them, in quick succession, located for a short time in the following- places: Tolland, Connecticut; Taritfville, Connecticut, then west to (lalena. Illinois; two years later to Grant county, AA'^isconsin; and then to Blue Earth county, Minnesota, and from there i)ack to Grant county. Wis- consin. The father died there in 1871, and the motiier died in Otter Tail county, ]Min- nesota, April -f, KSS8, tlie latter being over ninety years of age at tlie time of her death. They i-iised (piite a large family. When tlie war bi'oke out four of the brothers enlisted in the Union army — James, George, William and Samuel. James enlisted in 1863, in the Seventh Wisconsin Infanti-y, and seivcd un- til 18().5. George, AVilliam and Samuel en- listed in the Second Wisconsin Infanti-y — William and Samuel in 1801 and George in 18, and then rented his father's farm. He was mafricd. in 1847., to Miss Mary Putler, who was born in the same county in Ireland that he was. She was the oldest of five girls in her par- ents" family. Mr. and ]\rrs. Ilogan have had twelve children, ten of whom are now living. One child died while the father was in the army, and the other two years after they removed to Minnesota. The children were named in the following order — William (de- ceased). Pierce, Matt, John, Pui't. Andrew, Mary, Julia (deceased), Maggie, Ella, Carrie and Kate. The last mentioned mai'ried Pat- rick Jones, of Grove Lake township; Mag- gie nuxrried Frank Smith, of the same town- ship; Ella married Thomas Sutler, of West- port; Carrie married Michael Nugant, a machine agent in Starbuck; John and Pierce are both married. John is selling land in Kansas, and Pierce is a real estate man in Washington Territory. The remaindei' of the children are still single. Mr. Hogan came to Pope county in 1867, with George Thacker, the former locating on his present place, homesteading a quarter section of land, and is now one of the most successful farmers and stock-raisers in the county. His farm is among the richest and best improved in Pope county. He was among the earliest settlers, and has worked his way through the changing seasons, mak- ing the most of every event and hisindustry, integrity and tenacity in iiolding on through all the hard times of early days have been re- warded, and he is now well otF. In 18(?-1, Mr. Ilotfan enlisted in the Fortv-ninth Wis- 276 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. consin Volunteer Infantry. Most of his ser- vice was spent in guartling prisoners. He received his discharge after Genei'al Lee sur- rendered to General Grant, March 18, 1865. He left the service at Madison. Wisconsin, and again put on the uniform of ])eace and exchanged his gun for a plow. • - ^ -S^t^-^- />|^ARCELLUS W. HIGGINS, a repre- jTilra. sentative fanner, residing on sec- tion 21, Grove Lake township, is a native of Maine. He was born in Piscataquis county, of that State, January 1. 1849. His parents were Dyer and Catharine B. (Piper) Iliggins, whose native State was also Maine. When a young man the father was a mechanic, but later on in his life a farmer. He came West in 1864, settling in Dakota county, Minnesota, where he enoao-ed in farming- and blacksmithing. He remained there six years, then sold out and removed to Pope county, and located in Grove Lake township, where he purchased 200 acres of land on sections 23 and 24. He hved on the same for three years, after which he and his wife lived with their son until their deaths. The father died January 14, 1876, and the mother, October 22, 1878. He was a man who stood high in his community, and was favored by various local otfices, including — supervisor, postmaster, and justice of the peace. Both he and his wife were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They had a family of twelve cliildren, only three of whom grew to man's and woman's estate — George D., Alljert II., and Marcellus. The father and mother, after having spent an eventful life, were finally laid away to rest in Grove Lake Cemetei'v. Our subject was brought ii}) at farm life in Maine until he was fifteen years of age, when lie came 10 Minnesota with his parents, remaining at home until twenty-four years old. In 1873 he was married to Miss Mary E. Harmon, a native of Indiana, she being the daughter of Jacob and Leah (Lindsey) Harmon. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Iliggins moved to a homestead taken b}' the wife in 1868. They have since added forty acres to the original tract, mak- ing a farm af 200 acres in all. In 1873 Mr. Higgins built a frame house and all necessary out buildings, besides otherwise materially improving the place. Mr. Iliggins is a man of pubhc spirit, and has held several otfices of a local nature, including that of supervisor and roadmaster. x\s a member of tiie Methodist E])iscopal ('hurch he never shirks a known duty, and is wide-awake to all educational interests. Mr. and Mrs. Iliggins have a family of two children — Leah B. and Chester P. Two other children (Jesse D. and an infant) were l)orn to them, but are now dead. AiLAVlES SIGNALNESS, one of the old- ^ii^' est settlers and most widel}^ known citizens of Pope count}', is a resident of sec- tion 14, Blue Mounds township. He was born in Norway, November 12, 1851. He remained in his native land until he was twelve years old, when he came to the United States. After landing in Quebec, he, with his parents, went to Stoughton, Wis- consin, then to Madison, Wisconsin, where they remained two years. They then moved to La Crosse, W^isconsin, and after three years' residence there they came, with an ox-team and all possessions, to Pope county, Minnesota. They made the journey over- land, and were ten weeks in making the trip. Mr. Signalness is highly esteemed in his locality, and has held the following offices — constable for six or eight years, and road overseer. Our subject and his father were the first settlers in their region of the POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 211 country, :uul tliev built the first "'log- cabin "' in the townsliip, in which tiiey live. At the time tiiey came here the nearest neighbors to the west of them wei-e at a distance of fifteen miles. Soon after locating here our sul)joct anil liis fatiicr built a dam, cutting tiie logs out of the surrounding woods. Mr. Signalness was married, August 12, 1870, to I\fiss Anna Klaven, a native of Nor- way. She came to this country when a sum 11 child, and her |i!ir(Mits, Oh; Klaven and ^fary Olson, settled in Vo\w county, llor father is dead, and iicr mother is still living. She has tlic following brothers and sisters — liunartl, John, Mary and Olena. Her par- ents are members of the Lutheran Church. I'y tlieii- niai'riage our siii)ject and wife have been blessed with the following chil- dren — Thobia, Richard, Alfred, Oscar, Ben- nie and Lewis. The family are exemplary members of the Liitlieran Church. Qui- subj(H't has a farm of lii(t acres, with good ini|ii-()Vi>inents. Christopher mortenson, the sub- ject of this sketch, is a jirosperous and highly esteemed citizen of Pope county, residing on section 1. Ben Wade township. lie was born in Ilamar Stift, Norway, May 25, 1S32, and is a son of Morton aii'l Carrie (^fatson'i Ei'ickson, who are also natives of that kingdom. At the cai'ly age of ten years he commenced life Cor himself by herding cattle foi- farmers, and when about tifteenhe learned the tailor's trade, and worked at that until he was niiu'teen years old. He then served in the army for five years, and when not on ilutv he followed the occupation of farnung. After his military service he was enfjajjed as foreman for a widow who owned a store anil a farm. He took charge of her farm and l)ougiit the goods for the stoi'e for a period of live years. He tlien went into the employ of another party in tiie same business, at which he was employed for one year. The lumber business then took his attention, and he workcMl in tlie woods, cut- ting logs for one year. Our suljject then went back to his old occupation, farming, which he followed for another j'^ear, and durini;: this time he learned to read English. The spring of 1860 saw him starting foi- America, and on reaching this country he set- tled in Racine, Wisconsin. There he staid two months, working on a farm one month, the other in the woolen mills at Racine. Mr. Mor- tenson went to]\rinneapolis, ^[innesota, and i-emained there during the summer, working on the dam and in a hiinher yard. In the fall he went into the ])ineries and worked until spring, (ioiiig to St. Paul, ^[iiinesota, he worked in a saw mill, and in a couple of months returned to Minneapolis. There he staid, hauling wood for the railroad com- pany until spring, and then, after working in a siwmill for one month, came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead in Ben Wade township. After filing on his claim he went to St. Paul, and was engaged in a sawmill, about two miles from that jilace. He was engaged in that occupation until fall, when he went with a raft to Dubuque, Iowa, where he staid fourteen days. (Jn November 1, 1809, he came to his claim, and has since made that his home. The subject of this biograjihy was mar- ried, in Se[)teinber, 1874-, to ^liss Mary Jacob- son,a daughter of Jacob and Martha Meetmer, and thev have been blessed with the folio w- ino' children — Charles Jolian and ]\Iartin. Mrs. Mary Mortenson died in the spring of 1ST1-, and four montiis later our subject was united in marriage to Miss Dortha Larson, and they have two children — David and Kliv. The subject of this memoir is a represent- ative man of his township, and has been chairman of supei'visors three yeai"s, assessor 278 POrF. COUNTY. Ml.y.XESOTA. four years, and school director. Mr. Mor- teiison and his family are exeiiiplar_v mem- bers of the X(jr\vegian Lutheran Church, and in political matters, oui' subject affiliates with the repuijlican ]iai'ty. FV RTHUR Ml CANN, a respected farm- ^^^er and stock-raiser of the northern pait of the county, resides on section 27, Keno townshi]). He is a native of Canada West, l)orn on the 29th of April, 1858, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Castles) McCann. The parents were natives of Ire- land, where they were married, and at an earlv day came to Canada. There the father died in 1872, and there the mother still lives. The parents had a family of twelve children, nine of whom are living — Jane, Lucinda, ilargaret A., Leticia, Arthur, Mary E., Jessie, William and Joseph, Four of the family are living in the United States, wliile the rest are still in Canada. Arthur i\[cCann, our present subject, grew to manhood in his native j)rovince. He re- ceived a fair practical education, attending school until he was twelve years of age, and then aiding in the labor of cai-rying on the home farm. He remained at home until he was twenty -six years of age, when he was married. In 1880 he came with his family to Pope couut\', Minnesota, and lias since resided here, Mr, McCJann was married on the 16th of July, 1879, to Miss Mary Baldrow, and their nnion has l)een blessed by the bii'th of four children — Lillie, George, Sarah J., and Arthur W. Mrs, McCann was born in Canada in 1857, and is a daughter of Joim and Sarah (Winter) Baldrow, her father being a native of England, and the mother of Canatla. In Mr. Baldrow's family there were twelve children born, three of whom died and nine grew up, as follows — James D., Susan, Mary M., John, Anna, William, Sarah, Abram and Ida. Mrs. McCann gi-ew to womanhood and was edu- cateil in Canada. She is the only member of her father's family who lives in the United Stiites, Mr, and Mrs, McCann are exem])]ary members of the Episcopal Church, In polit- ical matters he affiliates with the democratic party. While living in Canada, Mr. JVIc- Cann was an active member of the Eritton Society, while his father, for years, was a member of the Masonic fraternitv. ^ RICK LINQUIST, a thrifty and well-to- do farmer, living on section 7, Bai-s- ness township, was born in the central part of Sweden, October 11, 1844. His father and mother, Ole Andersoii and Mary (Ander- son) Linciuist, both natives of Sweden, are deaii. His brother and sister, Andrew and Mary Linquist, are living in Sweden, All are in ])rosi)erous circumstances, and are excellent representatives of the energetic nation to which they belong. The subject of our sketch, lived on the farm with his father until 1868, when he came to this country, locating in Oconto county, Wisconsin, where he worked in a saw mill for two 3'ears, then went to Mar- quette county, Michigan, There he worked in the iron mines for nine years, when he moved to ]*ope county, Minnesota, and bought 200 acres of land on section 7, Barsness town- ship. He owns one of the best farms in the county, has made many improvements, and has the greater part (jf it uniler cultivation, and owns quite a numl)er of cattle, Mr, Linquist was married on September 20, 1868, to Charlotte Fredrickson, and their union has been blessed with the following children — Ida, Emil, Ernest, Albert, Anna, Oscar and Amanda. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 279 i^ASPER T. WOLLAN, iiicicIkiiU. is one V^y of tlic frPiitlemen that constitute the Frciiiiid Association, of (TJoinvood, and one of the most prominent business men of Pope county. He is a native of Norway, boi'u Afarcli 5, 1S48, and is a son of ISenjauiin O. and TJereth A. (Stiien) Wollan. His par- ents were also natives of Norway, the father born December 6, 1795, and the mother March 15, 1800, and tliey were joined in marriage in 1820. Tlie ])arents remained in their native land, engaged at farming until 18fiO, but in the mean time four of the chil- dren had come to America, two in 1857 and two in 1859. In 1860 the parents came to the United States and located in Allamakee county, Iowa, where they engaged in farm- ing, and remained until Isr.S, when they re nu)ved to Pope county, J[inncsota, having been preceded by two sons and one daugh- ter. The father took a homestead in White Pear Lake townsliip, where he thus became one of the pioneers. lie remained there, engaged in farming until tlie time of liis death, which occuri'cd October 14, 1879. The mother died December 15, 1881. They had been members of the T,uthei-an Church since childhood, and were |)e(jple of the highest inteffritv and Christian character. They were the parents of eleven children, as follows— Ole B., Martha, Peter P., Elsebe (deceased), Ernst O., Andreas P., Nels P., Ellen M., Pernt C, Michael A. and CasperT. Casper "Wollan, whose name heads this sketch, attended school in his native land before coming to America. Later he pur- sued his studies in Winneshiek county, Iowa, and when si.xteen years of age began working out on farms, during the summer months and attending school in the winter. When twentv vears of aS. After his arrival, for some time he worked out and also assisted his father in car- rying on the homestead. His next move; was to come to Glenwood, wiiere he commenced clerking in the general merchandise store of x\. F. Englund. A year later, he, with two of his brothers, foi'med a ]iartuership and opened a hardware store and tin-shop. They next bought out a stock of general merchan- dise belonging to Mr. Englund, and ran this line in connection with their former busi- ness. This state of affairs continued until 1874, when the Fremiid Association was or- ganized and incorporated under the laws of the State. Pesides a few outside parties the association consisted mainly of the eight Wollan brothers, and two of their sisters. The shares weie placed at ^25 each, and the capital was $4,600. In 1884 the associa- tion was re-incorporated, and re-oiganizcd with a capital stock of sir).7(M», and shai'es raised to $50. The Association has from its inception been the reci])ient of a very large tratie, and to-day they carry, by large odds, the heaviest stock of goods in Pope county. It is one of the most im])ortant institutions of Glenwood. Cas])er Wollan has been busi- ness manager and treasurer of the associa- tion ever since its incorpoiation, until Feb- , ruary, 1888, with the exception of one year, j when another party held the position of I treasurer. At the date last mentioned he was chosen president, but still continues as business manager. Our subject is a republican in his political views, and has taken a ])rominent and active part in all jniblic nuitters aflecting the local- ities in which he has lived. He served as town clerk of White Pear Lake township, in pioneer days before coming to Glenwood, and since settling at Glenwood he has at var- ious times been a member of tlie village council, was one of the incor|)orators of the village, and at this writing is the president 28o POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. of the council. Every enterprise calculated to benefit his town or county has received his hearty support, and lie justly ranks among the leading and most influential citizens of Pope county. Mr. Wollan was married January 10, 1875, to Miss Ingel)or A. Aal, a native of Norway, and a. daughter of Gunerius and Olia Aal, who came to America in IStiti, and settled in Winneshiek county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Wollan are the parents of five children, as follows — Gustav B., Oscar C, xVrnold O., Blanch I. and PernelU; T. The family are membei's of the Lutheran Church. ^M^NTON HOGENSON, one of the most -Zr^'ilL. highly I'espected old .settlei's of Pope county, is a resident of section 1-4, White Bear Lake township. Like so many of the most prominent pioneers of this section, Mr. Hogenson is a native of Norway, where he was born, on the 16tii of Fel)ruarv, 1836. He remained in his native land until he was twenty one years of age, when he started alone f(jr the United Slates, and made his way directly to Winneshiek county, Iowa. Two years later he removed to Houston county, Minnesota, where he purchased eighty aci'es of I'ailroad land and engaged in farming on his own account. In the spring of 1867, hesold out. and, with sixteen others, started for Northern Minnesota. Our sub- iect had two covered wagons, a,nd iji-ought with him his family, together with house- hold goods, furniture, etc. The party came (Hrect to Pope county, and made Glenwood their headquarters, while they spent a few days in looking over the country. A ma- jority of tiie party, not being able to find suitable locations, the party proceeded on northwest to Douglas and Otter Tail coun- ties, wiiere twelve of them found claims and settled. The other four — namely, Anton Ho- genson, Nels Wollan, Bernt Wollan and Andrew Schey — all returned to Pope county. Our subject selected his present farm as homestead, and at once began his work, })utting up hay for the stock, and breaking between four and five acres of land. For three weeks the family lived in the covered wagon, and then moved into the log cabin, wdiich had l)een erected in tiie mean time. At that time this country was very sparsely settled. Some eight or ten families were all the settlement north of White Bear Lake, and there were but few between this place and Sauk Center. The nearest raili'oad sta- tion, at that time, was at St. Cloud, where the settlers were obliged to go for all provisions such as flour, etc. It is true that there was then a little store at Glenwood, but the stock of goods was very small — as one old settler puts it, -'the entire general merchandise stock would pretty nearly till a wheelbarrow."' The trip to St. Cloud for provisions usually consumed about a week and a half. Dui'lng 1868 Mr, Hogenson seeded to wheat the four and a half acres which he had broken during the pre- vious year, and from it raised sixty-five bushels. This supplied the family with flour, as he had it ground at Sauk Center, The lirst flour bought by the settlei's after they arrived, was purchased at St. Cloud, and cost s9.f)0 per sack, or at the rate of $17.00 or S18.00 per barrel. The first wheat marketeil was hauled to Benson, a dis- tance of thirty miles. These were some of the disadvantages with which the jiioneers had to contend, but our subject has stuck to the farm through all these years, and his perseverance, econom\' and industry have been rewarded, as he now has a valuable farm of 86u acres, and is in excellent circum- stances. Mr. Hogenson was mai'ried in 1S.j9 to Miss Ellen Wollan, and thej' are the parents of the following children, namely — Ole POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 281 Ilendrik Iloltan, born August 16, 1861; Herntiiu' Miiriiiiuu^ IIoltan,Fol)i-uaiT 16,1864; Eine Albertine Iloltau, born Marcli 5, 1866 ; Jolianne Iloltan, born September 19, 1867; Bernliard Iloltan, boi'n March 2(», 1870; Emma Jensine Iloltan, born July 10, 1872 ; Odin Joacliim Holtan, born October 29, 187-4; Adol])h Svcre Iloltan, boi'n Decem- ber, 23, 1876 : William Iloltan. born April 25, 1880 ;and Gustav IJendix Iloltan, born June 22, 1882. ^^RICK E. THOMPSON, the subject of \^^ this sketch is a prominent and highly esteemed farmer residing on section 13, Blue Mounds township. lie is a native of Nor- way', born in Bergen Stift, January 9, 1855, and is a son of Ingebret and Olena O. Olson, wiio are also natives of that kingdom. Thev came to this country in 1861, and located in Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1868 they came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled in Blue ]\[ounds township], on the farm where our subject now lives. Erick E. Thom]ison, whose name heads this article, grew to manhood beneath the roof of the home of his parents. He was brought up to hard work, and received no schooling after he was thirteen years of age. He is, however, a good business man and a man of lonor and integrity. He has treasurer of his township, treasurer of school district, and has filled those offices with credit to himself and to his t(jwMsliip. Our subject was married July 2, 1879, to ^liss Mary Olson, a native of Norway. She came to this country with her jjarents when she was seven years of age, and they settled in Dane county, Wisconsin. She was edu- cated in Wisconsin and is one of live? chil- dren. the greatest heltl the followinr the Indian outlircak. Mrs. Emmerson was the first woman here after that evenlfid massacre. Wlien our sul)ject became of age the farm was deeded to him, as he iiad improved the same, lie livetl upon it until 1883. The family consisted of eight sons and four daughters. There are now living five sons and two daughters — Jai-ed, John, James, David W., William ('. : Eunice, now Mrs. ^futch; and Charlotta, now Mrs. Decker. Tiie mother is still living, at the advanced age of eighty years, in tlie full possession of all her faculties. She makes her home with her son, William C. who is the subject of this sketch. Mrs. Emmerson was a member of the Haptisl Church from tlie time she was tifteen years okl until 18T-1, from which time she lias belonged to the Seventh Day Ad- ventists. Iler husband, John Emmerson, was a mendjer of the Baptist Churcii from the age of twent\'-oue years until his death, in 1855, and was a deacon in the Church for eight years. Mrs. Emmei'son's father was a native of Connecticut, and was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, serving nearly three years, going in when only fifteen years of age. He received some slight wounds. He died in 1850, in New Brunswick, receiving, for several years ])rior ro his death, $100 per year as pension for war services. He had a family of eleven children, of whom two are now alive — Mrs. Emmerson and Eunice, now Mrs. Strickland. Tlie mother was Eunice Ives, born in New England. Her pai'ents were David and Eunice (Gdlet) Ives. Our subject commenced his mercimtile career in 1883, in Grove Lake, oj)erating the same foi- three years, when he took as a partner. A. 11. Pettit, of Sauk Center. They carried a very large stock of goods, in tlie general merchandise line. Mr. Emmerson was appointed postmaster at Grove Lake, and in 1S85 he purchased tiie entire store and other property in the township, includ- ing tlie Decker property, adjoining the store; he also runs the hotel. All in all, he is a man full of business, yet finds time, by his good management to serve his fellow citizens in the canacitv of local offices, he having been chairman of the board of supervisors for five years; township clerk and assessor, each one term, and, in fact, has always taken an active and prominent part in all pub- lic mattei-s. In politics he is a republi- can. In 1874 Mr. Emmerson married Miss Jane Richardson, the daughter of Richai'd and Eliza (Cairns) Richardson, and a native of Steel county, Minnesota. Tiiey have a family of five children — Olive A., James E., Richard F.. Irvin C. and Elson 11. To give the reader of this sketch anvthins' like a correct understanding of the privations and disadvantages endured by the pioneers of the section of Minnesota u})f)n which this Ai.m:M treats, and especially of what the subject of this particular sketch, together with his family, endured, it will be necessai-y for the author to go somewhat into detail, regarding the experience of this family. To begin with, their nearest market place, ui)on coming to the county, was St. Cloud, a distance of sixt3'-five miles, and at first their nearest neighbor lived seven miles away. Flour was then worth, at this point, eighteen dollai's per barrel. Mr. Emmerson tells of going out one day with sixteen rifie- biills and coming home with fifteen rabbits, having lost one ball in the snow. He added that the family had plenty of meat from the wild game they killed tliat winter. The first sciiool house in district No. 1, was built by jiubhc enterprise and is a log 284 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA structure standing a short distance from Mr. Emmerson's store. Mrs. Eminerson claims, and justly too, the honor of having been the first woman to set foot on Pope county soil after the Indian outbreak. She came from Rice county, in company with some of her children, in a covered wagon drawn by two yoke of oxen, havino- two eood co'.vs and a faithful watch- (loo- along-. She savs their house was built in the edge of the timber, and, upon lighting a candle, the mos(juiloes would c<_>me in such multiplied swarms that they would put out the light as fast as she could re-light it. Tliey had religious service there, and the neighbors would come in for a good ilistance around. The first sei'UKjn was preached in the Decker House, where Mr. Emmerson now lives, a Methodist Episcopal clergy- man. The following account of a fearful cyclone is eiven bv Mrs. Jane Emmerson, who at the time was a girl of but ten summers, living at home. It was in 1868, and the storm is described as seen by her in Ray- mond townsiiip, Stearns county, Minnesota, just on the edge of Pope county, where she then lived. It was about one o'clock in the morning when the storm struck the house in which they lived. It took all the structure away clear, except one corner, where her parents were sleeping. There were ten per- sons in the house at the time, one being a neighbor's son, aged eighteen years, and he was killed. A lad\' teacher stop])ing there was blown twenty-five rods, injured in- ternally, and had three ribs broken. Of the family only two were injured — a boy, aged three yeai-s, was killed, and another boy had his legs broken, and died four years afterward as the result of the injury. Another boy, twenty years old, was injured internally, but finally fully recovered. Mrs. Emmei'son, who describes the storm and its awful fury, was carried, as was her sister also, about three rods, both escaping ^vith slight scratches. The father of Mrs. William C. Emmerson, Richard Richardson, after the cyclone de- stroyed his place again, began his buiUling improvements anew, and built a comfortable dwelling. He continued to live there until the time of his death, December 5, 1881, which resulted from a runaway. The cir- cumstances were about as follows : ilr. Rich- ardson had gone with an empty wagon for a load of wood to take to a poor man, who luul been injured at a threshing machine. His horses became frightened when near Jared Emmerson's place, and ran away. He was thrown violently against a tree, and was almost instantly killed. His death was sincerely regretted and mourned by all who knew him, as he was a charitable, kind- hearted, Christian gentleman, who was held in the hig-hest esteem as a neiohbor and an exemplary citizen. His widow still resides on the old homestead. \^vlSCAR A. KELLY. The subject of the \^hi/ present ijiogra}>hy, a resident of sec- tion 3U, Langhei. is one of the most intelli- gent and best posted citizens of the south- western portion of the county. He is a native of Adrian, Michigan, where he was born July 6, 1853, and is a son of Thomas and Catharine (Murphy ) Kelly. His parents were natives of "Wexfoi-d, Ireland. Init the}' came to Canada at an earl}^ day, and were married in that Dominion. The father learned the trade of a shoemaker in his na- tive land, and followed that calling both there and in Canada, having landed at Que- bec in 18-17. A few years later they settled at Oswego, I^ew York, where they remained for two years, and then removed to Adrian, Michigan. In 1854 they came to Minnesota, and located at Osseo, in Hennepin county, POPE COUNTY, MIATiVESOTA 285 wliei'e tlie ]i;u'ents still live. During later yeai's the father has followeil farming and stock-raising, i)eing particularly interested in gardening and raising small fruits. Mr. and ^frs. Thomas Kelly were the partMits of four children — Julia, ^lary, Oscar and Nora. Julia became the wife of D. F. Smith, a teachei- in irinneapolis, and died in that city. Oscar Kelly, onr present subject, received an excellent education, attending the schools at Osseo and supplementing this with athree year's course at the State University in Min- neapolis. He finished ids schooling, and in January, 1876, went to California and worked in a quicksilver mine, returning tlie following April. Fi-om that time until he was twent3'-five he remained at home aiding his father on the farm. He then married andre- maiiuHi at the home place for two years, when, in 1881, he came to Pope county. Alinnesota, and settled upon his present farm on section 30, Langhei township, wliei'e he has since lived, lie now has a valuable rami, c()in])ris- inir I'in acres of land, a "'ood deal of which is untler cultivation, and he has comfortable imjirovements. He carries on general farm- ing and devotes considerable attention to graded cattle, especially Shorthorns. The date of Mr. Kelly's marriage was ^larch 5, 187'.>. when he wedded Miss Jessie M. Eddy, and they are the parents of three children — Vernon, Thomas V>. and Amy. Mrs. Kelly is a native of Maple Grove, Hen- nepin county, Minnesota, and is a daughter of John and Mar^^ C. (Evans) Eddy, who were natives of Vermont. She received an excellent education, and for a number of years followed the profession of a school teacher — teaching for five years in Ibnne- j)in county, one term in Swift and one term in Pope county. Her parents were among tiie pioneers of Hennepin county, Minnesota, having lived there for over thirty years. Her father is now a I'cal estate tlealer in the city of Minneapolis, and is also a veterinary surgeon. Her parents had a family of five children — Jessie, H. Lee, John M., A'ernon and Palph. In political matters Mr. Kelly is a repub- lican. He has always taken an active inter- est in ])ublic matters, and for several 3'ears has held the office of justice of peace in his township. He is a man of excellent busi- ness ability, and is one of the leading citi- zens of the township in which he lives. Mrs. Kelly is at present the local corresi)ondent of the Benson Times, and for some time was corres[)ondentfoi" the Hancock Olive Branch. She is a pungent writer and a lady of high mental and literary attainments. ^BEN TAYLOR, one of the enterprising Vt^ and successful farmers of Westport township, is a native of Maine, born Decem- ber :2, 1821, at New Vineyard. He is the son of Joshua ami Alariam (Pinkhani) Taylor, natives of Lewiston, Maine. The parents were married and died in that State after an eventful life. They were the parents of six children, four sons and two daughters — Enos, Joshua, Ellen, Eben, Ireson aixl Mary Ann; all of whom are now dead, except Joshua and one sister. Oui' subject si)cnt his earlier years at New Vineyard, where he re- ceived his education and lived until twenty years of age. He came to Pope county, in 1868, during the month of September, and became one of the first settlers of West])ort township. He bought out a quarter section claim at first, but now has 320 acres, besides ten acres of timber lami. He raises both grain and stock, and has been very success- ful. He has excellent im]n-ovements. includ- iuir a tine irrove and fruit trees, and the farm is one of the most valuable in the township. Mr. Taylor was married to Julia Graton, a native of Maine. She died after three years of manned life, leaving two children — 286 POPE COUNTY, MINXF.SOTA. Ella and Emiline. The last named is now dead. In February, 1847, Mr. Taylor mar- ried, for ills second wife, Margaret .Tudkins, a native of Lexington, ilaine, born October 20, 1826, and a daughter of Abner and Marv (Vose) Judkins. Her father died in Febru- ar\% 18S8, at the age of eigiity-four years. Mrs. Tavlor is the oldest in her ])arent's family of right children. 15v his first wife Mr. Tayh^r became the fatiier of two children— Ellen and Ettie. ]>y the second marriage thei'e iiave been born a family of eight children — Angle, Winifred, Abner, Chauncy, Ida, Arietta, Eugene and James. Arlett;^ married Benjamin Rice, and died in Westport townshij). in February, 1876. Angle married William II. Ladd, a farmer of Westport township. Mr. Taylor is one of the earliest pioneers in the northeastern part of the county, and through all his years of residence here has retained the esteem and respect of all, both as a neighbor and asan exemplary citizen. He is an honored memlierof the United Brethren Church. /^HRISTEN HUSET, a thrifty and ener- V^y getic farmer, residing in Lake Johanna township, section 15, was born in Wisconsin, April 5, IS-tS. Ills parents, who are natives of Norway, came to this country in 18i4, and after landing in New York, they went to Walworth county, Wisconsin, then to Dane county, Wisconsin, and from there came to Goodhue county, Minnesota. After staying in that county for some time, they came to Pope county. The father of our subject enlisted in 1862, in Company D, Third Minnesota Infantry, and served as a fifer until his honorable discharge in 1863. While in the service OleHuset contracted a disease of which he died in 1863. The mother 'is living with our subject, at the advanced age of sixty -five years, and is an honored mem- ber of the Lutiieran Church. She is the mother of ten children — Ole. Christen (our subject), Maria, Mary. Bertha, Hannah, Lewis, Caroline, Anna and Hans. Anna mar- ried John Olson, and afterward Lewis Tor- gusson. Caroline, Anna and Hans are dead. Our subject received his education in Wiscon- sin and JSlinnesota. He came to Minnesota wlien he was seven yeai's of age, and in 1868 came with his mother and brother to Pope county. Minnesota, ami bought his present place of Peter Israelson, in 1881. Mr. lluset is a representative man of his township, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He has a tine farm of 160 acres, with good building improvements, and is in excellent circumstances. In political matters he is a republican, and takes an active interest in all public and educational affairs. James WAMSLEY, one of the most intel- ^ ligent and successful old settlers of the northern portion of Pope county, resides on section 15, I-even township. Mr. AVamsle_y is a native of Canada West, where he was born on the 10th of July, 1845, and is a son of James and Anna (Rut- ledge) Wamsley. His parents were natives of Ireland, who came to America in their youth, and located in Canada, where they were married, and where the father enoajjed in farming. The parents had a family of eight children, whose names were as fol- lows — James, Mary J., Charles, John, Let- tie, Edward, Catharine and Anna. Two of the boys and three of the girls are still living. James Wamsley, our present subject, spent his bo\'hood days and received his education in the province of his birth, attending school until he was about seventeen years of age. He then began learning the carjienter's POPE COUNTY, !.IlNA'ESOTA. 287 ti'ade, and served an ai)|)renticeslii|3 of two years, after whjcli lie worked as a journe}'- iiian for live or six years, farming, liowever, a portion of the time. Since then farming and stock-raising- have lieen his principal avo- cations. In the spring of IS'Jit lie came to Pope count}', Minnesota, and settled upon a liomostcail in Tieno township. There he lived foi" three or four years, and then sold out and pnicliased liis present place on sec- tion 1."), I, even township, where he lias since lived. Ho now owns 3r»0 acres of land, with comfortable improvements, where he carries on jjeneral farmin"- and stock-raisino- devot- ing considerable attention to graded and blooded stock, including llolstein cattle. Mr. Wamsloy was married on the oth of March, 1872, to Miss Annie Keys, and they liave been the parents of four children — Ellsworth. Allen, Lettie and Eufus, all of whom are single and at home. Mrs. Wams- ley was born and brought n[) in Canada, and was a daughter of Thomas and Lettie (Tal- bot) Keys. Her jiai-ents were natives of Ireland, but had settled in ('anada at an early day. Ww AVamsley has always taken an active and i)rominent pai't in the public affairs of the township, and his name is closely identi- fied with its olHcial history. lie has held various local otlices, such as supervisor, clerk, etc. -«— 'r|%;HORE RUD, a thriftv farmer, residing •3L on section 12, Ulue Mounds townsliip, is a native of Norway, born at Throndhgem, ^farch 18, 1850, and is a son of John Thor^- son. Thore liud, our subject, grew to man- hood in his native land and remained there until lie was twenty-eight years of age, re- ceiving in infancy that drilling in industry, economy and integrity whicii are ciiaracter- istic of his race. When twenty-eight he sailed for the United States, and after a voyage of ten days landed in Philadelphia. He then came to lied Wing, Mmnesota, later to St. Paul, and then to Hancock, Stevens county, Minnesota, in 1879. He tiien pur- chased a farm in Blue Mounds township, Pope county, where he has since lived. He owns IfiO acres of land in I'lue IMounds, and eighty acres in Harsness township, ano acres of land in Wanemengo township, and the parents are at present residing tiiere. The subject of this sketch made his home with his father and mother until he w;us twenty-nine yeai-s of age. In his younger days Mr. Peterson enjoyed the ])i'ivileges of a common school education, and at twenty veai's of age he entered Ilamline University 288 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA at Red Win^. Minnesota, remaining there two terms, after which lie followed the pro- fession of a school teacher for one \'ear, when he entered Carlton College, at North- field. Minnesota. His health broke down after one term, and Iw the advice of medical practitioners he abandoned his studies, and again taught for five 3'ears. In 1875 he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled upon his present farm, which coni]irises 200 aci'es of excellent land, five aci'es of which is tim- ber. He has 10uglit out the lii-st two editions of his '.voi'k on the (ireat Pyramid of Fgypt. and translated what is known as the Tanrian Myth. For some fifteen years he was an in- valid from a sui-gical disease, and he devoted his time to scientific study and to the trans- lation of antiquarian woik and inscriptions, often taking the lecture field for scientific societies. h\ 1881 he was subjected to a surgical operation at the hand of the cele- brated Dr. CTunn. of Chicago, which was sue cessful, and he was restored to active life again. Upon his recovery he went West to engage in outdoor pursuits, and invested in a stock ranch on the Missouri bottoms in Western Iowa. This he followed for three years, but did not meet with financial suc- cess. In the winter of lSS(i-7 he was in- vited to visit Glenwood, Pope county, Min- nesota, to publish a paper, and seeing a fine opening, he established the Central Minneso- tian in the following ^fay. He is an ener- getic, enterprising man, a forcible writer, and thoroughly conversant with all the de- tails of the newspiiper business. He has met with merited success. Mr. Fish was married in 1S71 to Miss Elizabeth A. Patterson, a daughter of Hon. J. C. Patterson, a prominent politician and canal shipper of Brockjiort, New York, and latei' of Michigan. Both Mr. and J\Irs. Fish are people of high literary attainments, edu- cation and refinement, and are held in high esteem. -«-; -»- C. WOLLAN, a successful and ])r()mi- Mi/ nent farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 15, White Pear Lake township, was born in Norway, July 25, 1840. He was reared on a farm, and received in early life that training in imlustry, economy and in- tetiritv which have become such familiar traits in the nationality from which he springs. He left his native land when eiglit- 1 een years of age, for America, atid pro- I ceeded to Winnesheik countv, Iowa, where 290 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. several of his brothers were then living. A short time later he went to Allamakee county, Iowa, where he worked dui-in^ har- vesting, after which, in company with two of his brothers, he went to Missouri, Louisiana and other States on the Mississippi river, working on tiie levees. In the spring they returned to Allamakee county, Iowa, and after a short time spent in braking and rail- road work, our subject went to the copper mines of Xorthern ]\Iichigan, and worked one winter as a clerk in a store. The follow- ing spring he came to Minnesota, and located in Winona, whei-e he remained for three years. In the spring of 1S07 he joined a train of some sixteen wagons, bound for Northern Minnesota. They came direct to Sauk Center, and fi-om there to Pope count}', and camped at Glen wood while they spent several days in looking over the country. Xot being satisfied with the prospects, the party proceeded to Douglas and Otter Tail counties, where twelve or fourteen of the party found suitable locations. Tlie remain- ing four, including our subject, returned to Pope county, and selected claims in White Bear Lake township. B. C. WoUan, being a single man, did not take a claim at that time, but helped the others to get in shape and build their shanties. Our subject then re- turned to Rushford, Fillmore county, and worked during the fall and winter. In Feb- ruary, 1S68, he, with his brother Michael, started from Rushford for Pope county, and came by railroad and stage as far as Sauk Center, and fi-om, there walked to their des- tination. During that year our subject took a houiestead on section 15, White Bear Lake townshi]), where he has since lived. He now has a valuable farm of 200 acres, of which seventy acres are under cultivation, witii a good grove and comfortable im]irovements. Mr. Wollan has in the past taken considera- ble interest in townsliij) afl'airs, and is one of the leading citizens in the community in which he lives. He was the first constable of the township, and held that office for raan_y years. Mr. Wollan was married on the 27th of JuJy.lSTS, to Miss Secre Anna ( )lseii, and they have been the^mrents of nine children — Ole, Benjamin (deceased), John, Bertha, Ben- jamin, Sophia, Olof, Olgar (deceased) and Alma. The family are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. IfeEWIS CARLSON, one of Pope county's most prosperous and highly esteemed citizen, is a resident of section 11, Ben Wade township. Our subject, as well as his par- ents, are natives of Sweden, Lewis being born at Elsborg, Lend Kolnges, Hared, Skora Stiff, Sweden, November 25, 1839. At the age of nineteen he learned the tailor's trade, which he was engaged in until IStiO, when he came to the United States. Mr. Carlson came direct to Minnesota, settling at Aft(jn, Washington county, wJiere he worked for farmers until 1861. He enlisted Septem- ber 20. 1861 in Company B, Thii'd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and served until Septem- ber 26, 1865, when he was honorabl}' dis- ciiarged. He participated in a great many hanl engagements, and was taken prisoner at ^lurfreesboro, Tennessee. When his regi- ment was ]3aroled they were taken to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, and went from there to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. From the latter place the regiment were ordered to the frontier to fight Indians, ami our sub- ject remained there until his discharge. He remained at Afton during the winter of 1865, and in the spring of 1866 he, with his brother .lohn, bought a farm in Dakota county, Minnesota, between Hastings and St. I'aul. There he staid until the j-ear 18S6, wiien he removed to Pope county and purchased a farm in Ben Wade township, on section 11, rOPF. COUNTY. AfLV.VESOTA 291 his present residence. He has a good farm of 160 acres with comfortable ini])i-ovements. Mr. Carlson was a pooi- man at the time of his arrival in tliis country, and was Hi'ty dol- lars in (U^lit. lint liy that energy, thrift and. industry which so distinguish the people of his nationality, he has ])laced himsell' in liis present comfoi'table circumstances, and is now i'(>gardcd as one of the most substantial farmci's in the northern part of the county. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage, January fi, ISfiil, to ]\Iiss Lena fvouchen, a native of Wittenberg, (Terman\\ and they have been blessed witii the follow- ing ciiildren — Hilda, Walter, Emma and II(M-man. ^Ii'. Carlson affiliates with the re- jttdilican jiarty in jtoiitical matters. J\. ATHAN FILLMORE TOBEY, a re. spected farmer, residing on section 15, Walden townshiji, was born at China, Kennebec county. Maine, September 1, 1850. lie went to the common school, and worked in his father's butcher shop, driving the meat wagon during iiis bo3'hood days. Later he ran a confectioner's store, and worked in the saw mills at Augusta, Maine. In the fall of 1S71 lie came to Minnesota, and, ;ifter re- maining in Newport for about a month, went into the pineries during the winter, and the next summer he worked in the Minne- apolis saw mills. The following winter he again went into the pineries, and in the spring of 1S73 he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, where he took a homestead in sec- tion 28, Hodges township. There he stayed for eight years, wlien he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled on section 15, Walden township, where he still lives. The subject of this memoir was married February 22, 1880, to Miss Linna Judd, of Grcjve Lake. She was born at Cannon City, Minnesota, September lU, 18G1. They have been blessed with the following children — Nina Maria, born April C, 1882; Grace Eleanor, born May 15, 1884; Edith May, born January 9, 1886, and Willie Bartlett, born .V|)ril 8, 1888. In religious affairs the family are Universalists. Politically, Jlr. Tobey affiliates with the dcmoci-atic party, aniltakesan active interest in the campaigns of that organizat ion. .«^; WILDER R. HOLLY, a successful farmer, residing on section IT, of Westport township, was born, December 18, 1814, in llock county, Wisconsin. He is the son of John and Temperance (Kice) Holly. Our subject is the fourth child of his parents' family. He spent his school days in Green Lake county, Wisconsin, his parents moving when he was three years old to St. Mario, and at the age of twenty years he married Miss Harriett Shipley, a native of Ohio. She \vas the daughter of J(jhn Shipley, who was a farmer. She was educated and mar- ried in St. Marie, Wisconsin. After si.x years of married life she died, leaving two chil- dren — Oscar I. and Walton W. Mr. Holly was married the second time, December 2, 1871, to ]\Iiss Annie Wilson, a native of Pennsylvania, but she was educated and raised in Southern Minnesota. Her father was Putnam Wilson, a farmer and ffsherman. Mi's, H0II3' is the fourth of seven children in her father's family. She is the mother of two children — Artildine I. and Bertha Maud, both of whom are still living at home. Mr. Holly came to Pope county in November, 1870, and purchased a quarter section of land on section 17. He added one imjjrovement to another until he has come to be the posses-ssor of one of the finest and most val- uable farms in the whole township in whicli he lives. Formerly n a liomestead. where he now lives. His I'anu is part prairie and part timijer. He built a log house 12x14 feet in size. He has since pui-chased 150 acres of land joining his former place. In 1S71 he built a fine fiame house, and a barn in 1877. With all his improvements, his place is as fine as there is in the county. He raises grain and stock very successfully. Mr. Engebretson was married in ISfiG to ]\[iss Janette Helene Anderson, a native of Norway. She is the daughter of Ander and Christiane (Hanssonj Anderson. Mr. and Mrs. Eno'ebretson have seven livini;' chil- dren — Amelia, now Mrs. John Iverson (who is the mother of one child. Cora, by Mi'. Iverson and one by her former husband, Lo Benson); the remaining family are Annie, Edwin, William, Heniy, Nellie and John. In pohtics, Mr. Engebretson is a i-epuiili- can, and was chairman of the townsliip super- visors, also county commissioner for some time. Both he a)ul liis family are members of the Lutheran (jhurch. ^^^ ^^VEN PETERSON, a well-to-do farmer "^O) living on section 9, Ben Wade town- ship, is a native of Sweden, born at Nora, November 8, 1838. He commenced life for himself at the age of eleven, by herding cattle, and when he became old enough did farm labor. In 1S65 he immigrated to America., and came direct to (Toodhue county, Minnesota, where he worketl for farmers. After harvest he journeyed to Red Wing, Afinnesota, and engaged in a saw mill until winter, and then worked during the winter at wood-chopping. In the spring he again went to worlv for farm- ers, and remained at tiiat occupation till August, when he went to Wisconsin and worked in a saw mill for three months. He then returned to Red Wing, Minnesota, and bought two and a half acres of timber land, which he cleared for cord wood. After selling out and working until spring, he moved to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead in Ben AVaile township. He filed on his claim and made some improve- ments, and then went to Stillwater, I\Iinne- sota, from where he helped I'lin a raft down the I'iver to St. Louis, Missouri, after which he again went to Red Wing. There he re- sided until the next sjiring, engaged in a saw mill and various other occupati(jns. Hetlien went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he was taken sick and was conlined for a long time, his medical attendance costing him $73. Ul)on his full recovery he went to Anoka, ! Minnesota, where he worked foi- a Mr. Mar tin until harvest, when he hired out to 'Wv. Ualrvmple until October, and came from I there to his claim, and has since made this his home. Mr. Peterson was nuu'rietl Feliruary 21, 1867, to Miss Christine Charlotte Daleen,an(l the\^ have been blessed with the following children — Frank E.. Anna A., Charles, Sena, Lydia, Albert and Robert. Our subject takes an active interest in all public matters, and is a staunch republican in his ])olitics. -.^^ ^LE NELSON URNES, a successful, en- terprising and respected citizen of White Bear Lake township, is engaged in fai'uiing and stock-raising on section 3. He was born in Norway in 1832 and his boyhood davs were spent in the land of his birth, where he was raised on a farm. When he was eighteen or nineteen years of age, he was appointed sheriff of his district and served for two years. When he was twenty- two lie adopted a seafaring life and shipped as a sailor on a fishing vessel. He followed this calling for eight years continuously. In 1862 he came to the United States and lo- POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 295 cated ill Fillmore county, Minnesota, where for two years he was employed at farm labor. As the Civil War was then in i)i'og- ress, on tiie 15th of August, 1864, he enlisted in Company II, Fouitli Minnesota Infantry, and went Soutii. His regiment was in the front during the balance of the war and look part in ail the campaigns under (ieneral Sherman, our subject participating in many skirmishes and a number of battles, includ- ing tlujse of Altoona, Georgia, and the siege of Savannah, December 10 to 20, ISGi. After tiie close of the war he was honorably discharged June 12, 1865, at Louisville, Ken- tucky, and returned to his ^finnesota iiome. Later in the same 3-ear, he purchased a farm of 160 acres, in Fillmore county, and tilled the soil there until 1871. when he sold out and came to Poj)e county, Minnesota, pur- chasing at that time, his present farm of 160 acres on section 3, White Bear Lake town- sliij). lie has a vaiualile farm, some seventy acres beuig under cultivation, witli a line grove surrounding his buildings, lie is a man of the strictest integrity, an active member of the Lutheran Church, and stands high as an upright citizen in the coiiimunity in which he lives. Our subject was married while living in Fillmore county, Minnesota, to Miss Chris- tine Saniuelson, and they have a family of seven living children — Nels, Annie, Hans, Olaus, Minnie, Tomena, Serena. ^i^DWARD HOMESTAD, a prosperous Vfe^ citizen of Pope county, resides on sec- tion 5, Ben Wade township. He was born in Vernon ccnmt}', Wisconsin, May 2. 1864, and in 1874 he came to Pope county, Minne- sota, where ids father bought a farm of John Carlson. ()\w suljject has the following- brothers and sisters — Paulina, Mary, Ed- ward, Peter, Julia, Henry. Ida, and Nellie. ]\raiy is married to Knute Nelson, a tailor in Mollis, ^Minnesota. Paulina is married to Ole Severson, a carpenter in Morris. The father, Christian Homestad, is dead. Edward Homestad was married in ilay, 1888, to Mrs. Eva Carlson, widow of Gustaf Carlson, by whom she had the following children — Anna, Mena, Arthur and xVlbion. Our subject's mother. Enieline (Wigdale) Ilcmicstad, is living with him. He is very comfortably situated, having 360 acres with two comfortable houses and good improve- ments. He owns six horses, fort3^-five head of cattle, and is one of the most successful farmers in the township. The parents of our subject's wife are Mr. and Mrs. John Peterson. Mr. Homestad is a republican in his political faith, and is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. 'HARLES A. OSWALD, who is exten- sively engaged in farming, on section 28, of Grove Lake township, is a native of I'^ond du Lac, Wisconsin. He was born in 1859, and is the son of Tracy and Mary Oswald, who were (ierinan by birth. They came to America in 1852, settling in Wiscon- sin, where they engaged in farm pursuits in an extensive manner. It is supposed the father lost his life in the great Chicago fire of 1872. Mrs. Oswald operated the farm for three years after her husbaiurs disa]ii)ear- ance. and then sold and located near Osh- kosh, remaining there two years, and from there came to Olmsted county, Minnesota, where the family live f DICKSON SMITH, one of the early set- tlers of Pope county, came here in 1 868. He owns 320 acres of land, which is finely improved, and he is now engaged extensively in farming and stock-raising on section 26, AVestport township. There were only two other families in his township, when the family settled there, and during early days the}' endured -with the other pioneers many hardshi])s and privations. Wv. Smith was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, September 23, 1857. His parents are John and Mary (Coulter) Smith, both natives of West Virginia, and both are still living, the mother being at the home of our subject and the husband engaged in min- ing in the Black Hills. The latter went to that section in 1S77. and has been back twice since on visits, the last time in 1888. Prior to his going to the Black Hills, he had spent most of his time on a farm. He was reared and educated in his native State, as was also his wife. They lived there about three years after their marriage and then re- moved to Prescott, Wisconsin, remaining there only one winter, and from that point went to Hastings, Dakota county, Minnesota, where they lived five years. Tlie next move was to Sauk Center, Stearns county, where tiiey lived for two years, and then reiiuived to Pope county. Our sui)ject was only one and one-half vears old when his [lareiits moved from the South to the State of Wisconsin, lie was POPF. COUNTY, M/NXESOT.-l. educated at Sauk Center and in Pope county. He has a good, practical business education. In 1877 he commenced to do business for himself, and has been very successful. J. D. Smith was married June 30, 1887, at Vil- lard, to Miss Hattie E. Workman, a native of Minnesota, and the daughter of William and Hattie Workman, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania. She is tiie \'oungest of a family of six children, and followed teach- ing from the time she was fifteen years old until her marriage. Our subject and hjs wife are the parents of one child — Kenneth Lewellyn, born, August 11, 1888. He is a republican in his ])oliticMl l)elief, and l)eh3ngs to the Royal Arcii Mason and the Good Tem- plar lodges. He is a gentleman of much in- telligence, a capable and reliable business man, and is highly respected, both as a neighbor and a citizen. f ^fe'HOM THRONSON. The subject of yL this biograpliy is a respected and en- terprising citizen of Pope county, residing on section 19, Langhei township. He is a na- tive of Norway, born in Nordre Aurdal. De- cember 23, 1849, and is a son of Thron and Mary (Olson) Thronson, wlio wei-e also na- tives of that kingdom. They all came to the United States in 18G8, and settled in Green county, Wisconsin, where they remained three or four years, and then moved to Webster county, Iowa, where thev all, except our subject, are living. He was educated in his native land, and in Gi'een county, Wis- consin. In 1870 he came to Pope county, Minnesota, took a homestead, and remained four or five years. He then went to Iowa, where his parents had preceded him, in 1872. He remained in Iowa about one year, and then came back to Pope county, and settled on section 19, Langhei township, wlieie he has since lived. His parents had a family of the following children — Neis, Ole, Thom, Knute, Mary, Betsy, Anna and Carry. They are all living in Iowa. When he first came to Pope county he took a homestead on sec- tion 28, Langhei township, but did not prove up on it. Mr. Thronson was married October 6, 1883, to Miss Betsy Lien, a native of Nor- way. She was one of a family of the fol- lowing children — Betsy, Inga, Mary, Nels, Delia and Oleva. Mr. and Mrs. Thronson are the parents of two children — Theodore, born April 28, 1884; and Carl, born February 20, 1886. The subject of this article is a prominent man of his township, highly esteemed by all who know him. He has held the offices of justice of the peace, township clerk, assessor, school treasurer, etc. In political matters, he affiliates with the republican party, and takes an active interest in all public and edu- cational affairs. He is in very comfortable circumstances„owns a well improved farm of 120 acres, with good building improve- ments, and is eno-aaed successfullv in a g'en- eral farming and stock-raising business. Pie also owns an interest in a steam thresher, with Messrs. Lien, Nilson and Olson. JOSEPH HOGAN, the subject of the pres- ent article, is a successful and enter- j)rising farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 19, Leven township. He was born in County Londonderry, Ireland, on the 8th of November, 1845, and is a son of William and Jane (Reid) Ilogan. Both of his parents were natives of Ireland, and died there. His father was a farmer in that country. AVill- iam and Jane Ilogan were the parents of a family of eleven chddren, whose names were as follows — Jane, Nancy, Mary, William, Hugh, Andrew (deceased), Margaret, Ben- jamin (deceased), Benjamin, Joseph and Eliza. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA 2gg One cliilil, named lienjamin, died when ten months of age. Foui' of the hoys are now hving. Eliza mai'iied James Stewart, of Ghisgow, Scotland, and died in that city. Margaret married Adam Mathews, of Kan- sas, and died in ISSo, leaving a family of three children. Joseph Hogan, whose name heads this arti- cle, spent his school days and was reared to nianiiood in his native land. He came to America in November, 1882, and stopped dnring tiie winter in Xew York Citv. In tiie spi'iiig of 1SS3 he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled upon his present place, on sections S and 19, I.even townshiji. He owns a valuable farm of 1(>0 acres, and has substantial and comfojtable improvements. ]\[r. Hogan was married in January, 187fi, to Miss Margaret Lindsay, and they are the parents of one child, a boy, named William J. Mrs. Hogan was born in County Lon- donderry, Ireland, and is a daughter of David and Eebecca (Weir) Lindsay. . In political matters Mr. Hogan in his views holds liimself independent of party lines. He and his wife are exemplary members of the Reformed Presbyterian Chui-ch. -i^ -^- ,RS. CARRIE HALVORSON, a resi- ^jLf^ tlent of section 26, Lake Johanna township, is the widow of Lai"s Halvorson. Lars Halvorson was boi'n in Sweden. May 8, 1849, and in his early days attended school in his native land. He came to this country in 1864, and after landing in Queljec, Canada, he went \,o Red Wing, Minnesota, where he remained two years. In 1860 he came to Po])e county, i[innesota, and took a iiome- stead on section 26, Lake Johanna township, and built a " log cabin," 18x24 feet in size, and commenced improvements. He was successfully engaged in fanning and stock- raising, and was a man who was highly esteemed and beloved by all who knew him. He was one of the earliest settlers in the townsiiip, and always took an active interest in all public and educational matters. He was an exemplary member of the Lutheran Church, to which he had belonged during his entire life. The sad event of his death occurred August 17, 1874, and he left his estimable wife with ten children to care for — Mary, Lewis, Carrie, Andrew and Ilalvor (twins), Anna, Ida, Lottie, William and Julius. He died in his fiftieth year. Mrs. Carrie Halvoi'son's maiden name was Carrie Johnson, she being a daughter of John and Carrie (Anderson) Johnson. She was born in the northern part of Sweden, November 3, 1828. She received her educa- tion in that country, and was the oldest of a family of seven children. She married Mr. Halvorson in June, 1846, and still lives on the farm, Avhich her sons are running. She still remains a widow and is at the advanced age of sixty years. Of her children, Carrie is married to Mr. Hanson, a farmer of Lake Johanna township; ifary is married to Jlr. Hix, formerlv a farmei- in Dakota. The children were mostly' educated in Pope county. Carrie died in Sweden and John died in Pope county. They are members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Halvorson has a well-im]iroved farm of 160 acres, and is a highly esteemed lady in the community. >-^^ -*"1 [ACOB RUNQUIST, a prosperous and highly esteemed citizen of Pope coun- ty, is a resident of section 20, Blue Mounds township. He was born in the northern part of Sweden, March 20, 1S48, and is a son of Erickson llunquist. Jacob Runquist, our subject, remained in the land of his birth until he was twenty- one and he then started out in life for him- self. In 1869 he came to this countrv and POPE COUNTY, MINXESOTA. after landing in New York he went to Indi- ana, then to Michigan, where he worked in the mines for seven years. He then came to Pope count}', Minnesota, and took his pi'esent chiim. He lost his mother when he was ten years old, and in 1887 his father died, at over sixty years of age. Jacob had two brothers and one sister — Erick, Charley and Charlotte, tiie latter being deceased. Mr. Hunquist was marrieti, January 31, 1872, to Miss Louisa Erickson, who was born in tlie northern part of Sweden and came to this country in 1869. Her parents settled in Maryland. By this union they iiave been blessed with the following children — Oscar, Victor, Lydia, Treda, Edwin and Eddie. Edwin and Etidie are dead. Our sul)ject and wife ai'e members of the Lutliei'an Church. In politics he is a repuldican and is a repre- sentative man of his township. He has an extensive farm of 160 acres and has comfort- able l)uilding improvements. M a RON W. PECK, proprietor of the "bus. y.-i\V dray and transfer line, is one of tlie most suljstantial and successful business men of Glenwood. He is a native of Litch- field count}', Connecticut, born August 26, 1827, and is a son of William and Eraeline (Loveland) Peck, who were also natives of the same State. The mother died in 1829, and in 1816 the family moved west- ward, and settled in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, among the early pioneers of that r(?gion. The father engaged in farm- ing, and, taking an active interest in all mat- ters of a ])ub]ic nature, he became a promi- nent man in the locality, in which he lived. In 186-1 he removed to Llinnesota, but one year later returned to Wisconsin and settled at Westfield, Marquette county. William Peck and wife were the parents of three children — Aaron W., Edmund L. and Carrie, now Mrs. Hendricks, of Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin. Aaron W. Peck, whose name heads this article, was reared on the home farm, re- ceiving the education afforded b\'^ the facili- ties of that day. When he arrived at the age of twenty -one he began farming on his own account in Wisconsin, and remained there until the spring of 1865, when he re- moved to Olmsted countj^ Minnesota, and located in the town of Dover, where he car- ried on farming extensively. In the spring of 1880 he removed to Pope county, Minne- sota, and settled upon a farm in Glenwood township, about five miles southeast of the county seat. In 1882 he removed to the vil- lage and he began his present business, pur- chasing a handsome "bus, and complete out- fit, which is a credit to the ])lace, and not equaled by any point on this line of rail- road. Mr. Peck was married December 31, 1856, to Miss Cordelia Baldwin, a native of the town of Madison, New Haven county, Con- necticut, and a daughter of Howard and Car- oline (McDonald) Baldwin. Her parents were natives of Watertown, Connecticut, and her father was a marble manufactui-er. In 1851 the family removed to AVaupaca county, Wisconsin, settling in the town of Lind, but three years afterward they located in Eden townshijj. Fond du Lac county, in the same State. Later they removed to Bar- aboo, Sauk county, Wisconsin, where the father died in 1885, and the mothei' in 1884. Howard Baklwin and wife were the parents of ten children, seven of whom are still liv- ing, as follows — Dorotha C, now Mrs Britt, of Baraboo, Wisconsin; Truman IL, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; Martha A., now Mrs. Big ley, of tlie same city; Mrs. Cordelia Peck; Frederick, of Minneapolis; Nancy, now Mrs. Faulkner, of Moundville, Wisconsin ; and Reuben, of Baraboo, AVisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Peck have a famil}' of three POPE COUNTY, MIKXESOTA. 301 cliil(li-en living. Tliey are as follows — Wal- ter E., who married Jose])liine Griffin, of Glenwooil, and tlie}' have one cliild, Eugene E.; Ida. wlio married Mr. "Wancn. of Glen- wood, and is the motlier of one eiiild, Edna May; and Edgar, who is still single. Mr. Peck is a repuhliean in political mat- ters, ^fi's. Peck is a member of the Baptist church, and an active woi'kei- in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. — ■*— J^^--»— ^ T^ NUTE VRALSON.oneof the earliest _X.-,\^ settlers of (iilchrist township, is a native of Norway, boi'u at Telemarken, Janu- ary 2, 1S35. He remained in his native land, engaged in farming until 1866, when he came to Quebec, Canada. Coming from there to Fillmore county, Minnesota, he there rented a farm, but unfortunately, througli the failure of crops, within a few 3'ears, he lost all he had. What was still more grevious, his wife and two children died soon after settling in this countiy After remaining a year or two in Fillmore counter, he started for Pope countv, Minnesota, with an ox team, covei'ed wagon, two cows and ten dollars in money. For a time after com- ing lici'e he remained with his fellow counti'V- men until lie had an o])portunity to trade his wagon foi- a timlicr lot. On tliis he built a log house and lived with his family. 8oon after he took up a piece of radi-oad land, on which he engaged in farming. As fast as he was able he bought adjoining land, and he is now one of the most extensive farmers in his township, owning some 445 acres of land. Adjoming this farm, his oldest son, Ole, has a farm of 2.55 acres, with comfortable im- provements. Our subject is a man of the greatest integrity and honor, and is highly esteemed in tiie community where he lives. He has a family of three children — Ole K., Anthonv and Isabella. Oi.K K. Wilson is the oldest son of the above named gentlenum, and is a resident of section 20, Gilchrist township. He is a na- tive of Norway, born October 28, 1864, and has always made his home with his parents. When nineteen years of age he entered the State Normal School at St. Cloud, Minne- sota, where he remained some three years. He then entered the State University at Min- neapolis, renuiining there two years. He has an extensive farm of 255 acres, and there carries on diversified fai'ming. Mr. Wilson was a candidate for the republican nomina- tion to the State Legislature, and received substantial support from the locality in which be lived. He is an intelligent and well posted man on public matters, and is regarded as one of the most enterpi-ising citizens in the southern part of the county. ©LE IRGENS, a successful and highly esteemed hardware merchant of Far- well, is an American by birth. He was born in Mower count}', Minnesota, July 3, 1862, and is a son of H. M. F. and Dena (Calmey- er) Irgens. who are natives of Norway. When our subject was about seven years old his pai'onts moved to Pope county, ifinne- sota. and took a lu^mestead in Nora town- ship. They were among the earliest settlers in that I'egion. there being but thi'ee other inhabitants in that section of the country. Mr. Irgens lived on the homestead with his parents until 1SS4, when he bougiit a farm in Pen Wade township. He remained on his claim until 1886, when he sold his farm and engaged in the hardware business in ])ai-tnersiiip with Max Brothers, starting the first hardware store in Farwell village. The firm name still stands as Irgens 1, and settled in Dane county. Wisconsin, where she remained until the time of her death in 188.5, at the age of eighty-one years. Mr. Avok was married, March 15, 1855, to iliss ilary Anderson, a native of Norway ; she was brought to this country when three years old, her people settling in Dane county, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. .Vvok have been blessed with the following child I'cn — Carrie, Mena, Mary. Anna, P>ots\% Andrew, Albert, Lena and Josephine. Carrie is mai'ried to Mr. Hanson, a farmer in Walden township. .\nna is married to Mr. Lolire, a fai'Uier in i.angliei township. Mary is mariied to Mr. Nelson of Langliei township. Our suliject is a representative man of his townshi|), and has iieki tiie oltlces of school clerk, supervisor, etc., and has been post- master since 1883 at Langliei. He drew up the petition to organize the school district. He and his family are members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is deacon. He has a well imjiroved farm of -100 acres under good cultivation, neat buildings, etc., and is engaged, extensively, in general farming and stock-raising. Li political matters he has been generall\' a republican, although he is independent of party lines to a large extent. Kl^^ARS INGEBRIGTSEN, a farmer living 1^^ on section 13, of Chippewa Falls township, was born in Norway, on the 8th day of February, 18-19. He is the son of Tngebrigt and Jori (Hermundsen) Inge- biigtsen, also of Norway. The father was a carpenter liy traiie, and followed contract- inti' and building as long as he lived. He passed from his earthly labors in 1850, and his wife came to America in 18*14. stf)])ping in (ioodhuc county, ^Tinnesota, at the town of Holden. She is now living with her children at Chippewa Falls. The family were faithful ineiiibers of the I>utlieran Church. The family consisted of two chil- dren, Lars and Jorond, now Mrs. Danielson, now living in Chippewa Falls township. Lars was brought up in town, and attended schools until he was fifteen years of age; then, bidding farewell to the scenes of his childhood, he came to America, settling in Goodhue county, Minnesota, in 1S04. For three years he worked out by the month and day. In 1867 he came to Pojie county, where his mother took a homestead of 160 acres where her son, the subject of this sketch, now lives. They lirst provided themselves with a dug-out, in which they lived tiie lirst winter in a very comfortable manner. The industrious son, Lars, for sev('ral years would do his haying up early, and then 304 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. go to a point below St. Paul and do harvest- ing work, being away during August, Sep- tember and October, after which he would return home and make the necessary prep- arations for the long, cold winter period inevitable in this extreme northern climate. Before leaving Goodhue county he pur- chased a yoke of oxen and a ligiit '"demo- crat" wagon, also a cow and calf. The first spring afterward he was com])elled to sell the cattle to get bread and seed grain. The following spring another calf was born, wiiich, together with the first, gave him a yoke of young oxen. For three years this faithful man lived without a team, and got along the best he could. In 1876 he built a log house 16x16 feet, and now owns 380 acres of well-improved land ; he is a successful grower of horses, cattle and grain. He is a republican in pol- itics, and both he and his wife belong to the Lutheran Church. He has often been hon- ored b\' election to the various township offices, including that of town clerk and school clerk. He was married to Miss Helene Kolstad, in 1882, by which union three children have been born — Engebert, George and Martha. -«-J JplvANS N. HANSEN, a pro.sperous and JL-^'iL highly esteemed citizen of liolling Fork townsiiii), is a I'esident of section W. His native eounti-y is Norway, born seven miles from Christiania, November 25, 1826, and is a son of Nels and Ellen Mary (Wennik) Hanson, who were also natives of that king- dom. At the age of seventeen, he com- menced life for himself by clerking in a grocery and dry goods store, at which he worked three years. He then learned the carpenter's trade, at which he was engaged for about five years. He then gained the position of foreman in an iron foundry, at which he was employed for fourteen years. Mr. Hansen then set up a sho]) for himself, and he laid in a full stock of merchandise which he ran for four years, when he was burned out, with but a slight insurance. In 1872 he came to the United States and stopped in Benson, Minnesota, after staj' ing there a few days, he went to Chippewa Falls, Minnesota, and lived with his son, Nels, for one year, when he took a homestead in Pope county, ilinne- sota, on section 2, Polling Fork township. There he i-emained for ten years, when he sold and bought a farm in Barsness township, on section 26, where he remained for four years. He then again sold out and bought a farm on section 14, Polling Fork township, where he has since remained. Our subject is a rep- resentative man of his township. He has held the office of school director, and in political matters he usually affiliates with the democratic party, although to a large extent he is inde]iendent in his political views. Mr. Hansen was married to Jliss Ingeburg Mary Linset, Septembei" 20, 1849, and they have had the following children — Nels A., Johan E., Andreas H.. Michael Y., Emily H., Anna C, Andreas H. and Herman J. All are living, except Andreas IL, Helena A. and Nels A. Nels was married to Berdena Holverson. Johan E. is married to Lena Peterson and Helena A. was married to Bernhard Bergendahl. Anna C. is married to Ed Tharaldson. -«« RS. EMMA BJORK, formerly Miss ^SS^^ Emma Thompson, is a native of Norway, born in the eastern part of that kingdom, October 21, 1846, and is a daughter of Engebret and Olena (Olson) Thompson, wild were also natives of Noi'way. She lived in her native land until 1862, when she came with her parents to the United States, POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 305 and they are now living with their son, E. Tiioiiipson, in Blue ^roimils township. There were three ciiiidren in her ])arents' famil}' — Thomas, Eniina. Anna and Ei-ick. Our sub- ject was educated in the land of iier birth and was fourteen years old wiien slie came to this country. They landed in Quebec and then went to Janesville, Wisconsin, via Chicago. Tliey soon went to Madison, Wis- consin, and after being in that State for about six years the\' came to Pope county, Minnesota, where they are at present resid- ing. Our subject was married to her first hus- band, Frederick Ciialemburg, in December, 1S72. He was a native of Sweden, where he was educated, and he came to tliis country in 1867. He first went to Marquette, Mich- igan, where he remained two years, then moved to Pope county, Minnesota. He was one of the very first settlers in the townshi]), and soon after coming here took a homestead on section IS, Blue Mounds townsliip. He was a man who took an active interest in all local alTaii*s, and held at different times the following offices — school clerk, road over- seer and assessor. During the eai-ly part of his life he was a miner, but later took the occui)ation of farming, which he followed the rest of his life. His sad death occurred August 21, ISSl. They had the following children — !Maria, Edwin, Olevan, Josephina and Magnes. All are deceased except Josephine and Edwin. Mis. Bjork was married to iier second hus- band, Carl Bjork, in the j'ear 1884. He was a native of Sweden, aiiil was always success- fullv enjiaji'ed in farminjj. Bv this union they have been blessed with the following children — Enock, Alfred and Emnui. Mrs. Bjoik is a lady well and favorai)ly known tiirougiiout her section of the county, and is higiily esteemed by all wjio know liei'. She is an exemplary member of the Lutheran Cimrch. ^M NDREW ERICKSON, is a i)rominent JJ^'^^L. farmer of Pope county, residing on section 20, Barsness township. He is the son of Erick IMartinson and Mary Anderson, and was born near Christian ia, Norway, February 10, 1850. He lived with his par- ents until he was twenty-three j^ears of age, and then he, with his parents, moved to America, settling in Dane county, "Wiscon- sin. After his residing there for three or four j'ears, he settled in Renville county, Minnesota, where he took up a homestead. He remained there for five years, when he came to Pope county and located in the town of Barsness. He bought 160 acres of land on section 20, where he is at present resid- ing. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and also runs a threshing machine. He has 160 acres under a good state of cultivation, and is in very comforta- ble circumstances. Our subject was mari'ied in Iowa county, Wisconsin, in 1873, to Christina Erickson, a dauiihter of Erick aiul ^Fai'v Hanson. Their union has been blessed with seven children — Emma Matikia, Hilda Josephene, Emil, Alma, Albert Benjamin, Ellen Mary, and Johnny Martin. Mr. Erickson has always taken an active part in public matters, and has been honored with numerous positions in his township — supervisor, township clerk, while in Renville county; school clerk, in Barsness township, etc. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, and is a republican in political matters. — -->-'S€^' • < ♦• • S)ER1ST LAFLURE, one of the most in- telligent aiul influential citizens of the southwestern part of Pope county, and an ex-rninn soldier, is a resident of section 11, Hoff township. He was born in Canada, April 27, 1840, and is a sou ^of Tuffield La- 3o6 POPI-: COUXTY, MINNESOTA. flure. His parents were both natives of the same Dominion, and his father followed farm- ing the greater part of his life. AVliile our subject was still young his parents removed with their family to Frank- lin county, Vermont, where he grew to man- hood, and received his education, attending school alternately with working on the farm. On the 9th of March, 1861, he was married to Miss Zoah Peno, a native of Franklin county, Vermont. On the 30th of May, 1862, as the Civil War was then in progress, he enlisted in the Ninth Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He participated in the battle of Har- per's Ferry, where he was taken prisoner and held for some three months. At the expira- tion of that time he was exchanged and again went to the front. He participated in the buttles at Fair Oaks, and various operations and battles in Virginia, besides a great many skirmishes throughout Virginia and North Carolina. He was mustered out June li, 1865, and settled down to farming in Ver- mont, remaining there for about eighteen montlis. He tlien came to Minnesota and located upon alarm in Wright county, where, for twelve years, he carried on stock-raising and general farming. At tiie expiration of that time, in 1880, he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a liomestead of 160 acres on section 26, Hoff townsliip, where he still lives. He now owns a valuable farm of 280 acres, and devotes his attention to grain and stock-raising. Mr. Laflure has made all of the improvements himself and has brought his place to a higli state of cultivation. He has always taken an active and prominent part in all public and educational matters, and has, at various times, filleil school district and township offices. In political matters he is a rejndjlican, and in religion a member of the Catholic church. Mr. and Mrs. Laflure are tiie parents of eleven children — Katie, Francis, Emery, Alfred, Frederick, Sarah, Anna, Delia, Charles, Willie and Amelia. Katie married Michael McDonough, and they reside in St. Paul. Francis married Frank Tillison. of Red Wing, Minnesota. IMON N. PETERSON, a prosperous and highly esteemed citizen of Gilchrist township, is a resident of section 33. He was ])orn in Norway, June 11, 1S3S, and remained in liis native land until he was twenty-eight years of age. During this time he was engaged in the fisheries and followed the life of a seaman. On the lith of April, 1866, he left his home in a sailing ves- sel for Quebec, and after landing, he came direct to Carver county, Minnesota, where he remained through the summer of 1867. Tlien Mr. Peterson, in company with othei's, started on foot for Pope county, Minnesota, coming by way of Meeker and Kandiyohi counties. After arriving in Pope count v, and looking over tlie land for a day or two, our subject took a homestead of 155 acres on section 28, Gilchrist township, aiul then went to St. Cloud, Minnesota, where he en- tered his land, and then returned to Carver county. There Mr. Peterson remained until the middle of December, Avhen in company with Mr. Larson, he started for his claim in Pope county. It being impossible to build at that time of the year, they constructed a " dug-out," and lived there through the win- ter. In the spring he commenced improve- ments, having at one time to work a week to paj' for having one acre broken. After o'etting- four acres broken he went to the southern i)art of tiie State, where he worked two or three months at grubbing. At this work lie could make liut forty cents a day and liad to pay his own iioard. He tiien came i)ack to ins claim, and has since re- mained. Our subject is in very comfortable POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 307 circumstances, lias a farm of 200 acres with ninety acres under cultivation and eleven acres of dense timber. lie has a good house, with other buildings, and also a farm of 200 acres in Swift county, four miles from his residence. On this second farm he has 160 acres under cultivation, with good building improvements, thirt\' head of cattle and thirteen horses, etc. Our subject was married July 29, 1863, to Hiss Jonnette Johnson and they have been blessed with the following children — Sophia Amelia, John Oli, Sarah Helena, deceased; Peter Norman, Sarah Helena, Simon Johan, Josephine Nikolena, Halmer H., Job Alfred and .M(jody Christian. /^^USTAF ERICKSON, a prosperous and x^i highlj' esteemed citizen of Pope county, is a resident of section 17, Blue Mounds township. He is a native of Swe- den, born July 2:^, 1839, and is a son of Erick and Mar}' (Caulson) Anderson, who are also natives of that kingdom. In the latter part of the father's life he was a miner, and his earh' life was devoted to farming. Our sub- ject was one of nine children, two of whom are deceased. Gustaf received his education in his native land, and in 1869 came to the United States and remained eight years in the mines in ]\[ich- igan. as " i)laster." He then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled on his pres- ent farm of 338 acres, and is now engaged in general fai'miu"- and stock-raising;. Wn is a num of the highest honor and mtegrity. In political matters liealHliates with the re- publican party. Mr. Erickson was united in marriage, De- cemlicr IS, 1872, to Miss Johanna Erickson. and the}' were blessed with the following children — John, Ellen, Mary, Louisa and Agusta — the last dying in August, 1888, and was buried in Blue Mounds township. The first wife of Mr. Erickson died eight years after their marriage and was buried in Blue Mounds township. Our subject was married to Miss Louisa Erickson in the spring of 1881, and they have five children — Emma, Beadv, Axel, Sophia and Emily. His second wife was born in Sweden, and came with her parents to the United States in 1881. Of the children. Beady, Axel, Sophia and Emily are dead. The subject of this sketch and his family are exem])lary members of the Luth- eran Chui'ch, of which organization he has been deacon. -«- «^^ /^^UNNUF THOMPSON. The subject of \l^ this sketch, is a i)rominent and highly esteemeil farmer, residing on section in, Langhei township. He was boi-n in Nor- way, Decembei- 25, 1831, and is a son of Gunnuf and Julia (Ilellickson) Thompson, who were also natives of the same kingdom. The parents are now dead, the mother dying first. The father was a farmer through life. The parents had the following children — Thomas, Hellick, Ole, Gunnuf, Brinnel, Ole, John, Estie and Augusta. Ole and Brinnel are deceased. Our subject received his education in his native land, and from the age of sixteen to twenty-one years he worked on the home fai-m. He came to America in the year 1852, and after landing in Quebec, Canada, he came to Dane county, Wisconsin, where lie remained a few weeks. He then went to Grand Har- bor, Michigan, where he engaged in the lumber business for four years, when he went to Winneshiek county. Iowa, lie lived there three 3'ear.s, occupied in the vocation of farming, after which he journe^-ed to Fillmore county, Minnesota. Ue remained 3<)8 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. in that county for five years and then came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead of 160 acres on section 10, Langhei township, wliere lie has since lived, lie was one of the earhest settlers in the townshij), havinji- settled tiiere in 1869. lie lias a brother living in Fillmore county, Minnesota, and is married. Augusta, who came over the same time as our subject, is married to Mr. Olson and also lives in Fill- more county. Mr. Thom])son was married in 1860, to Miss Anna Olson, a native of Norway, and they have been blessed with the following- children — Ellen. Julia, Anna and Gunder. Ellen is married to Mr. Poler, and is living in Washington Territory. Mrs. Thompson came to this country in 1856. Her parents, who are now dead, were exemjilary mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. Our subject is a man of strict integrit}^ and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He has held the offices of constable and other local positions at various times. Mrs. Thompson died July 7, 1873, and was buried in Langhei township. She was a woman of high char- acter. '^H^HOMAS SCHWIEGER, postmaster at uIL' CTlenwood, is one of the most prom- inent democrats in the county, and one of the leading business men of the county seat. He is a native of Canada, born November 9, 1846, and is a son of William A. and Betsy (James) Schwieger, natives of Germany and England, respectively. His parents came to Canada in early life, and were married there. His father was a soldier in the War of 1812, and in the land of his adoption he followed contracting and building until the time of his death, in 1853. AVilliam A. Schwieger was the father of eight chddren, five of whom are now living — Henry. David, Thomas, William and Ellen. Thomas Schwieger, the subject of the pres- ent article, spent his early boyhood in his native land, attending school. In 1857 he was brought to Minnesota, and at the age of fifteen \'ears he began learning the harness maker's trade at Red Wing, Minnesota, serv- ing an apprenticeship of three years. He then, for three years, followed his trade at Bell Creek, Goodhue county. At the ex- piration of that time he returned to Canada aiul remained there until the followingspring, of 1872, when he again went to Bell Creek, Minnesota, and was married to ]\Iiss Mary Kane. She was a daughter of John and Nanc}' Kane, natives of Ii-eland, her father at that time being a farmer in Goodhue county. After this event Mr. Schwieger continued harnessmaking at Red Wing until 1879, when he sold out and removed to (41en- wood. Pope county. Here he established himself in the harness business, and carried it on for six \'ears. In 1SS5 he received the appointment from President Cleveland as postmaster of Glenwood, and still retains the office. His management of the office has been careful and efficient, and the manage- ment here will compare favorably with any office in this part of the State. This is sa}'- ing a good deal for the office, when it is re- membered that this is a republican "strong- hold," and that it is hardly possible for a democratic official, however efficient, to suit the ideas of a republican patron, and 'vice versa, in these days of " partisan warfare." Mr. Schwieger has considerable property interests in the village, having purchased the dv.'elling and its two accompan^'ing lots where he lives, and erected the brick build- ing in which the postoffice is located. Mr. and Mrs. Schwieger are the parents of five children, as follows — Florence, Orrin, Ralph, Fannie and Charles. The family are members of the Episcopalian Church. rorr. county, mixxesota. 309 ^TaMES E. stalker settled in Grove Lake township, Xovenil)er, IStiS, fii-st locating on section 7, which is now inchided within the limits of the town of Glenwood. There he honiestoadcd a quarter section of land, made valuable improvements on the same and proved up. He afterward settled on his present fai'in, on section 32, of West- port township, and |nircliased eighty acres, adding thereto, until his place now contains 280 acres His son, William, has 184 acres in the same township as his father. The father's farm is a fine one, and he carries on a paying business in grain and stock-growing. Mr. Stalker was born. May 20, 1842, in Lewis county, Xew York, but the famih'^ soon moved to Madison county. His parents were James and Annie (Ciiristie) Stalker, natives of Scotland. Tiiey came to the United States in 1835, and remained in New York until 1866, when tiiey removed to Min- nesota. The father was a Ihitisii soldier for twenty-one years in the Sevcnty-lirst Higli- landers. By trade he was a mason, and he followed it, after he left the army until the time of his death, in 1866, at Minneapolis. lie was advanced to the ripe oldage of sixty-nine years. The mother died at the age of eightv- live years, in 1877. Tiiis worthy couple were married in Edinburg, Scotland, and passed an eventful career. Tiiey had a fam- ily of eighteen children, seven growing to full manhood and womanhood ; the remainder died in their infancy. Our subject, Mr. Stalker, and his brother John were the only sons who grew to man's estate. The other children wiio grew up were — Nancy, Jane, .Mai-garet, Jenette, Mary. Jlargaret, Jane and Jenette are now deceased. Oui- sniiject spent hisyoutliful schooldays in Madison county, New York, leaving there at the age of fourteen, and when eigiiteen years old enlisted, August 0, 1862. in tiie One-IIundred-and-Fourteenth New York In- fantry. His captain was Henry E. Morse, a brave soldier. Among other enmiirenients, he took i)art in Irish Bend, in Louisiana ; White Store Plains; the siege of Tort Hud- son, lasting for forty-one da^'s; also the battle of Sabine Crossroads, Pleasant Hill, Fort Durussey, Winchester, Cedar Creek, and man}' heated skirmishes, but little less than regulai- battles. During all these years of camp life he was not once reported fi'om tiie hospital. He did, however, impaii' the sight of his eyes while in the service of his country, so that one is totally blind and the sight of the other injured, but during all his service remained on duty. Mr. Stalker was married, Deceml)er 25, 1865, to Miss Mai'ietta Norton, a native of Madison county. New York. She was the daughter of William Norton, a farmer. 'Mi's. Stalker was the oldest of hei' parents' cliil- dren, and she died in March, 1869. She was a faithful member of the Methodist Church, and left her Christian life and ex- ample as a legacy to her two motherless children — William and Marietta, both of whom are now living. Our subject nuirried for his second wife Miss Anna Alexander. Their marriage took place September 17, 1876. The second wife was born in Chicago, and w'as educated in Minneapolis, JMinnesota, being a graduate of the High School of that city. Both husband and wife belong to the Jlethodist Episcopal Church. Their children, seven in number, are — William, ilarietta, ^Fargaret, Anna, Alexander, John and La- vantia, all of whom are still unmarried. Mr. Stalker is a staunch republican, and has held several local offices, including that uf justice of the peace and postmaster. He is ever alive to the best interests of the com- munity in which he lives. He is a meml)er of the Poyal Arch Masonic Lodge, and is one of four men belonging to this order within the township in which he lives. He is worth}' master of the \'illai'd A., F. and A. M. Lodge. POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. , J^^lLE J. SANDVIG, the present county acres under culti- vation and seven acres of fine natural timber, and has excellent building improvements. His ])resent comfortable circumstances ai'e entirely due to his own efforts and good management as he was a pooi' man when be came here. He has taken an active interest in public and educational aflfairs, and has held various local offices. Our subject was married while in Houston county, Minnesota, to Miss Mary Anna Lund, and they are the parents of the following children — Arne, Emma T., Carrie A., Mena (deceased), Augusta, Betsie (deceased), Mar- tin, Josephina, Albert O., John and Oscar. WILLIAM D. BRAINARD, a prominent old settler, and a successful farmer, of section 6, Minnewaska township, is a na- tive of Pennsylvania, born in McKean county, September 15, 1837. His parents were Aaron U. and Cathi'ine (Young) Brainard, who were natives of the State of New Yoi'k. POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 319 They were married in Mclvean county, how- ever, in 1S35. The father was engaged in the lumber business in tliat county until 1839, when the family moved to Illinois, settling in Winnebago county, where Mr. IJrainard carried on a farm, and did freight- ing; also kept a large amount of cattle — buying, selling and driving in the pinery regions of Wisconsin. In lS5Tthey removcii again, this time coming to Wabasha county, Minnesota, taking a homestead in Highland township, which he improved and continued to reside upon until the time of his death, in 1868, his wife having died in Illinois, in 1S55. They had a family of four children, one of which is dead. The living children are — William D., Sarah (now Mrs. Beggs), and Eachel (now ]\Irs. Keeney). The par- ents were both active members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. William D. Brainard, the subject of this sketch, was raised on his father's farm, re- ceiving a fair etlucation. lie remained at home until he was of age. For a time he worked at well-drilling in the East, and con- tinued at the same, both in Illinois and at liochester, Minnesota, to which latter place he went in 185<>. He tells of drilling one particular well to a depth of 270 feet, 208 feet being in solid rock. This took him two months, and he received for the same $1,000. This well was drilled at some point in the State of Wisconsin. In 1863 he en- listed at the call, for " three hundred thou- sand more''^ men, in Company D, Ilatche's Battalion of Cavahy. He did active service in Minnesota and Dakota, during the Indian AVar, helinng to build Fort Pembina and Fort Wadsworth. lie was in detached serv- ice on scout, and the last ten months was commissary clerk at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. After his return from the service he mar- ried iliss Catharine llarncame, a native of Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of George and Elizabeth (Brawley) llarncame, who were also natives of that State. Iler father was a tinsmith bj' trade, and worked at this in connection with a hardware store in Wabasha county, Minnesota, to which place he moved in 1855. Five years later the fatlier sold and engaged in farming in Highland township, remaining there until the time of his death. They had eight chil- dren, seven of whom are now living — ^Irs. Brainard, James, Elizabeth (now Mrs. Bas- musson), Arvilla (now ISIrs. Appel), Matilda (who is now jMi's. Hall), Alice (now Mi's. Bun- nells) and Sarah. After our subject, William D Brainard, was married, he moved his w^ife and house- hold effects to Pope county, Minnesota, com- ing by the way of Saint Paul, Saint Cloud and Sauk Center. They at once settled on their claim of 100 acres where they now re- side, having also taken a homestead in the western jiart of the county, on section 8, of New Prairie township, which they improved, secured the title to and then sold. Since then they have purchased 171 acres adjoin- ing their home, and SO acres in White Bear Lake townshi]). ls\\'. Brainard did his farm work and also a large amount of freighting prior to the completion of the I'ailroad. A republican in politics, he has held the office of supervisor for four years, anil at present holds that office and also that of constalde. He has always taken an active interest in all public matters. The family consists of six children — Will- iam, George, James, Elizabeth, John and an infant. It will doubtless be of no little interest, to those who read the pages of this Album, to know something of the pioneer hardshi))s o-one throuffh bv this familv, who have lived to see the wild praii'ies of North Minnesota changed to finelv tilled farms, with all the modern comforts of civilized life and thickly settled. Facts given to the author show that many are the nights when Mi-s. Uiainan! 320 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. has remained alone, while her husband was away freighting. The hungry wolves would bai'k around, the pi-emises throughout the cold and dreary winter night. In 1867, when the flouring mills at Sauk Center shutdown by reason of the dam having been taken out by high water, they had to go to Saint Cloud, seventy miles distant, to obtain their flour and meal ; usually the latter was all that could be had. At first they built a log house 10x12 feet in size. Their nearest neighbors were a half mile to the south in the edge of the woods, while the Indians and the Eocky mountains bounded them on the north and west. As men moved into the country the elk moved out. Mr. Brainard has often killed deer, which was not only sport, but pi'ovided his family with choice venison. Once he killed, or rather assisted in killing, a bear about eighty rods fi'om his cabin home. During his freighting days this pio- neer has frequently cam]ied out on tiie broad prairies of a cold wintry night, during the severest of storms. In the winter of 1SC6-7 he had to draw his hay, ami that of some of his neighbors, a distance of twenty-flve miles, as they came into the country in October, after the frost had cut its fatal swathe. While in the army Mr. Brainard stood on a high peak, just above where his house now' stands, looking over the countj- at a time when their horses had stampeded; he made the remark to his comrades, that after the war ended, he would ccjme and take the land he was then riding over and make for himself a home. Only one of the com]ianv made good the talked of settlement ; this one was J.W. Knowlton. who remained for a time. This sketch may well close by saying that integrity, industry and economy have been rewarded in Mr. Braiiiard's case, as he is now^ in comfortable circumstances, and is held in high esteem, both as a neighbor and as an exemplary citizen. Mr. Brainard gives an interesting account of the "Indian scare" in 1876. A number of Indians wei'e seen in the neighborhood of Pii)e Lake, and the report started that they v;qxq on the war path. The report grew as it traveled, and it soon ffi-ew to terrible and blood-thirsty proportions. Owing to the restless state of the in- habitants of Pope, Douglas, Stevens and the adjoining counties, the settlers, who remembered the fearful massacre of 1862, became terribly alarmed, and a frightful panic ensued. For three days the roads were crowded with settlers who were fleeing from their sup]iosed danger. Mr. Brainard says that he remained in the brush for thi'ee nights Avatching for Indians. The prairies were covered with stock that the settlers could not take with them, and a number of the settlers killed their hogs and threw them into the wagons undressed, and started off in great haste, expecting to dress their pork when opportunity offered. The loss to the farmers in this region can hardly be esti- mated, as so many left their stock, and, on returning, found it strayed, lost or stolen. There had been many Indian scares of less note previous to this one, but this was the last, and, except that there was no one killed, this created as much excitement as the original outbreak of 1862, and was al- most as destructive to property. During Mr. Brainard's early days here, in 1866 and 1867, roving bands of Indians were continually passing through this region, which kept the inhabitants in a constant state of uneasiness, and after the soldiers — in- cluding volunteers, Ilatche's battalion, scout- ing parties, etc. — were withdrawn, the only militarj' protection the settlers could look for was provided by the few "regulars" stationed at Forts Abercrombie, Wadsworth anil Ransom, so the settlers had to do their own "guaril dutv." rorii COUNTY, mikxksota. 321 ^LaNS LARSON, a prosperous anclwell- / J. to-(l() fanner, residing on section 10, Langliei township, is a native of Norway, born in the eastern part, January 20, 1850. lie is a son of Lars and Olena (Olson) Han- son, wlio were also natives of Norway. The}^ all came to the United States in 1867, and settled in Wisconsin, where they re- mained for some time, when they came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled cm their present farm. They are the parents of three children — Ole, Hans and Betsy. Betsy died at tlie age of ten years. Hans Larson received his education in the land of his hirth, and was about Kfteen years old when he came to this cuunti'y. After landing in Quebec, Canada, he went to Green county, Wisconsin, where he re- mained one year, anil then came to Pope county, where he has since lived. Mr. Larson was married January 20, 1878, to Miss Betsy Larson, a native of Norway. She came to this country in 1874. They have been blessed with the following chil- dren — Lewis, Lars, Oieva, Jens, Betsy and Christiana, all of whom are living, and are at home. Mr. Larson and his family are ex- emplary members of the Lutheran Church. He is a republican in his political affiliations. Pie has a fine farm of 240 acres, well im- proved, and is engaged, e.xtensiveh', in gen- eral farmintr and stock-raisins'. -«- T^TaRCUS H. TRACY, real estate, loan, Ji>J.'r\^ insurance and collection agent, is one of the leading business men of Glenwood. lie is a native of Hancock county, Maine, born May 2 wlieat fell to the gi'ound, tiie wind l)lowin."j. lie was in the following engage- ments— Vicksburg, Gi'and Gulf, Port Gibson and Clinton. After his discharge he re- turned to La Crosse county, Wisconsin, and in 18(56 moved to Pope county, .Minnesota. From 1S<>7 to ISCO was deputy treasurer of the county. lie held the office of postmas- ter under General Grant's administration and was elected justice in 1S67, which office lie has since held. He held the office of clerk of county court from 1S71 until 1884, also various local offices, in Glenwood. In 18Sr> he engaged in the lumber business in Glenwood, in which he has been engaged ever since. In 1882 he engaged, with others, in the banking business, and is now vice-president of the Bank of Glenwood. Mr. Thorson was one of the organizers of the Little Falls Railroad, and was one of the dii-ectors for some time. It was he who secured the right of way for the ]\finnea|)olis iV- Pacific Kail- road, and is at present right of way agent for that company. Mr. Thorson's mother, Olea Olson, died in 1S70, and his father is living in Po])e county at the advanced age of eigiity years. Mr. Thorson was married in 1809 to Miss Olena Nordhus, and they have a family of three children — Alice O., Edwin and Guy. Mrs. Thorson died in 1881. Mr. Thorson is a republican, and takes an active interest in that party's campaigns. -«« ►,»^ aKIJaARTVIG C. ESTBY, of the firm of -ir^L H. C. Estby iV: Company, of Cyrus, is one of the most pros|)erous and prominent business men of the town in which he lives. He was born in Trigstad, Norway, Ma\' 31, 18.56, about five miles from Christiania, and is the son of Christian L. and Torino (Smaadal) Estby, both of whom wei-e also natives of that kingdom. When our subject was sixteen years old the family came to this country, settling in Meeker county, Minne- sota, on a farm which they rented. They remained there for four years, and then came to Pope county, Minnesota, taking a home- stead on section 20, New Prairie townshi]). where they still live. Ilartvig C. Estby, the sul)ject of this sketch, remained w.th his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he rented a farm and worked it foi- two years, also run- ning a threshing machine. ^Fr. Estby then (graded on the Little Falls A: Dakota Kail- road for one year, after which he stayed with his parents a year. In April, 1884, he eno-ao'ed in the lumber and grocerv business at Cyprus, in partnership with II. E. Olson but in two years dissolved partnei'ship, Mr. Olson taking tlie grocery, and our sidiject, the luml)er business. Mr. Estljy then engaged also in the cattle business, and in the fall of 1SS6 he put in a stock of hardware, whicii he i-an for about six months alone. Then he took ^Ir. Jlegland, his bi'other-in-law, in 328 POPE COUNTY, MINXESOTA. partnership with liim. Tliey are now hand hngail kinds of farm iniphMuent, in connection with their iiard ware and lumber trade. The firm also own a butcher shop in Brainerd, Minnes(jta, where they do a wholesale and retail business. During the last year they have bought over $6,000 worth of cattle. Mr. Estby was married November 17, ISSG, to Miss Mary Hegland. Mr. Estby, in political matters, is a repub- lican. -«-; /^^ARTIN H. BAUKOL, the subject of Jt'~~-tr'A^ our j)resent sketch, is one of the most substantial and highl}' respected citizens of AVhite Dear Lake township, his residence being on section 32 of that civil subdivision of Po})e county. Mr. Baukol was born in Norway, on the 29th of June, 1850. He was .raised on a farm in his native land, at- tending seliool and imbiliing those principles of industiy and economy which are so charac- teristic of the race from which he springs. In 1860 he determined to seek his fortune in the New Woi'ld, and accordingly sailed for America, making his way directly to Yernon county, Wisconsin. There he remained for six years, and then, in Ajjril, 1875, he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and located on section 33, in White Bear Lake township. The following winter lie bought a claim of 120 acres on section 32, which he afterwaixl homesteaded, and wliich is included in his present farm. lie now owns one of the most valualjle farms in the county, embi-acing 240 acres, with over 200 under cultivation. His tlii'ift and enterprise are manifested by his sul)stantial building imjn-ovements, whicii ai'e a ci'edit to the township, including a fine dwelling and comfortable outbuildings. Lie is a careful business man, a good manager and a hard worker, and these traits have placed iiim in comfortable circumstances, al- though he started in life for himself, when leaving his native laud, without a dollar of capital. Our subject was married while living in Wisconsin, to Miss Annie Olson, and their union has been blessed with nine children, as follows — Carrie, Hannah, Clara, Annie, Olano, Sophia, Allen (deceased), Harris and Peter. The family are exemplary members of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. >P^AR W± re — «-!^t^-4^ .ARTWELL SILVER, who now leads a retired life, on section 26 of Grove Lake township, is a native of Caledonia county, Vermont, born ]\Iay 7, 1825. His ]iarents were Ezra and Hannah (James) Sil- ver, natives of '^&\\ Hampshire and Canada, and were married in Canada East. His father was a blacksmith by trade, following the same throughout his life and in Vermont, with the exception of a few months in other places. He was a fine workman as an edge tool maker, making axes of the genuine old- fashioned sort. lie had a liberal education, and was a man of much intelligence. He died in April, 1843. The mother died in 1872. They were the parents of six children — Alonzo (now deceased, having been killed in a gun-boat expedition near New Orleans, in 1862); Clarisa, now Mrs. J. Hines, Frank- lin (died in 1847); Ilartwell, Valentine and Orison (twins), both dead. Ezi'a's father was the son of Rev. Samuel Silver, a Baptist ])reaclier, who received liis education in New Hampshire and ]ireached in Vermont, con- tinuing ills labors in that State until the time of his death. He was of pure Scotch de- scent. Our subject, Hartwell Silver, was i-eared as a blacksmith, after first finishing his edu- cation. He remained at home until seventeen years of age, then went to New Orleans, where POPE COUJVTY, MINNESOTA. 329 he worked at his trade for four years. He then enlisted as a soldier in the ^^exican War, beino- In the service fi'oni i^oveniber, ISiT, until July, 1848. He then went to Detroit, Michigan, and was married there that year to Mrs. Sarah Sanderson, a native of Canada, and the daughter of David i\[. and Elizabeth (Wright) Moses. Her father was a tinsmith by trade, but later in life became a mcrciiant. He was a soldier in tlie Sixth Kegiment of the United States Army, enlisting in 1829, and received his discharge in ISJil, on ac- count of disability. He died at Portsmouth, Oiiio. in 1834. Tiie mother died in Pope county. Minnesota, in 1872. They had three children, ]^Irs. Silver being the only survivor. Mrs. Silver's first husband, David Sanderson, was a soldier in the Mexican War, and par" ticipatcd in all the important engagements up to the battle of Vera Cruz. He then took sick, and on the way home the vessel in which he took passage was wrecked and he was lost. After Mr. Silver's marriage he went on a farm in La Grange county, Indiana, remain- insr six months, and from there went to Lee county, Iowa, where he farmed until lSr)2. From Iowa lie moved to Fort Rijiley, work- ing at the blacksmith's trade again, and finally enlisted in Company A. Sixth United States^ Infantry. He enlisted as a private, was pro- moted to corporal, tlien to sergeant and from that to drill sergeant, and later had command of the sharp shooters on the Sioux expedition and was holding ihe position of sergeant major wlien discharged, in 1857. He then went to Detroit. Michigan, and from there to ^fissouri, where he had previously purchased 100 acres of land in Clark county. He moved over- land witii his teams and cattle. In 18tll lie formed a company of which lie was made the captain. They fougjit in Clark county during 1801, and in 1802 he joined the Six- teenth Illinois Cavalrv, going from orderlv sergeant to captain. He remained with that command until the close of the war. lie was taken prisoner at Jonesville, Lee county, Vir- ginia, January 3, 1804, and was for nine months an inmate of Libby Prison, and Macon, Georgia. xVfter his return from the service, he engaged in farming, in Missouri, continuing the same until 1809, when he came to Todd county, Minnesota, there pur- chasing a farm and engaging at farming and blacksmithing. He continued there until 1879, then again sold and came to Pope county, where he still lives, as has been said, a retired life, in Grove Lake township. He has a family of lour children, living — Ellen (Mrs. Daniel, the mother of three childi-en — William H., Edwin and Charles); Edwin IL, Edward H. and Minnie,now Mrs. Smith,whois the mother of two children — ^laud and Earl. Mr. Silver is, in his political belief, a republican, and belongs to the Grand Army of the Re])ublic. Our subject has had a very eventful career, having been an extensive traveler. Crossed the Gulf of Mexico tiiree times ; been at the head waters of the Missouri river; also all along the Mississippi, Hudson and Mohawk Eivers,following thein to the sea. Ileexplored the wild plains to Fremont's Peak, and teamed for three years over 1,000 miles on the plains of the then wild West, and, greater stiU, trav- eled over 26,000 miles for mvestigation's sake. -^—: ^1 EVERT OLSON FEMRITE, isa prosper- "^1^ ous farmer owning 187 aci'es of land on section 8. Pen Wadetownshiii, also thirty- four acres in Holmes townshij), Douglas county, and resides upon the latter piece of land, just across the line in Douglas county. He was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, August 6, 1849, and is a son of Ole L. and liertha Severson (Erlman) Femrite, who are natives of Xorway. Tiie last twoyears lie was at home he worked his father's farm on shares. 330 POPE COUNTY, MIXXESOTA. and then moved to Pope county, Minnesota. On his cominff here he bought 187 aci'es of land on section 3, Ben Wade township, and also thirty -four acres in Holmes township, Douglas county, Minnesota. His buildings are in Douglas county, and are but a few rods from the county line. Our subject is in comfortable circumstances, has about sixt}"^ acres under cultivation, owns three horses, nineteen head of cattle, thirty sheep and a number of hogs. He is highly esteemed by all who know him, and at present is super- visor of the township in which he lives. Our subject was married September 25, 1871, to Miss Maggie Burnson, and they were blessed with one child — Bertha. On the 22d of April, 1874, his wife died, and he was married for the second time, to Miss Julia Jurgenson, dauo-hter of Halva and Tena Jurgeiison, and they have had the following children — Henry L., Tilda O., Anna L., and Jennie O. Mr. Femrite is in political mat- ters a staunch republican. ^^MBRICK E. KNUDSON, who carries ^^S^ on an extensive general merchandise business at the village of Brooten, in Stearns county, is one of the "old settlers" in that region, and deserves an extended mention in a work of this character. Mr. Knudson is a native of i\[innesota, born September 28, 1861, and is a son of Mr. E. Knudson. When he was three years of age, in 1867, he was brought to Stearns countjr, Minnesota, by bis parents, who located in North Fork township, where they took a homestead, and there our subject grew to manhood. The father died in 1879, being sixty-four years of age, and the mother is still living with her son, Embrick. Our subject lias one sister living — Julia. E. .E. Knudson, whose name heads this article, received his education iu the com- mon schools of Stearns count}', attending until he was sixteen vears of age. He then entered the drug-store of E. Oakford, at Sauk Center, as a clerk, and retained that position for about four years. At the expir- ation of that time he purchased an interest in the store of T. J. Anderson, at North Fork, and was connected with that estab- lishment for about four years. He then sold out, and came to Brooten, where he has since lived. During the first year he handled agricultural implements, but now is en- gao-ed in the general merchandise ti'ade, carrying as heavy a stock as is to be found in the village. Mr. Knudson is independent in politics, and alwa\'s takes an active interest in all })ublic matters. He is a man of the strictest integ- rity, and his upright and honorable dealings have secured him a good ti-ade. ►-.^> ELS NiLSON, one of the best known and most highly respected citizens of Hoff township, is a resident of section 24, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising. Mr Xilson was born in Nodre Aurdal, Norwaj', July 19, 1856. and is a son of Nels and Gure (Olson) Anderson. His father was a farmer through life and died in 1886. The mothei' is still living, at an ad- vanced age, on the old homestead, where our subject was born, with her oldest son Anders Nilson. Our subject grew to manhood in the land of his birth, remaining upon the home farm until he had arrived at the age of seventeen. In 1873 he decided to seek in the New World that competency which he found so difficult to attain in his fatherland. Sailing, accoi'd- ingl}', from Liverpool, after a voyage of ten days he landed in Castle Garden, New York, and came at once to Pope county, Minne- sota. He first located in Langhei township, POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 331 but one year later took up a claim of eighty acres in Iloflf to\vnslii|), where he erected a shanty and began inii)rovements. A yeai' or so later, the grasshoppers drove him out, and he went back to Pierce county, Wiscon- sin. There he purchased a farm and re- mained for eight years, engaged in farming. At the expiration of that time he returned to Pope county, Minnesota, and purchased 160 acres of land on section 24-, Ploif town- ship, where he still lives. iVfr. Nilson, in con- nection with his farming interests, owns a share with T. C. Lien, T. Throtison and Samuel Olson, in a tlireshing machine, whicii they o[)erate successfulh- during the proper season. Our subject was one of a family of nine ciiildren as follows — Anders, Ole, Jule, Gunder, Ilachel, Ingred, Nels, Ole and Thora. Rachel and Thora are deceased. Thora died when three years old. Rachel grew to womanhood, was mai'ried and died when twenty-two. Mr. Nilson was married in 1S79 to Mary Larson a native of Norway. She came to the United States with her parents about 1870, and they located in Pierce county, Wis- consin, where her father died, and where her mother still lives. Mr. and ]\[rs. Nilson are the parents of four children — Gusta, Nina. Ida and Nels Lewis, all of whom are at home. The family are active and exem- plary members of the Lutheran Church. \\\ political matters our subject has usualh' af- filiated with the rei)ublican party, but is rather independent in his political views. ^^^ _^ LBERT M. WEBSTER, attorney-at-law ''""^ in Glenwood, was born in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, in 1853. His father, who was a native of Massachusetts, came to Wisconsin at an early day, and was engaged in farming. In 1882 the father became in- terested in the banking business in Glenwood village, and is now the president of the Bank of Glenwood. lie had four sons — El- bert M., Daniel D., Waldo E. anil Union M. Elbert was raised on the home farm and received a good education. He is a graduate of the law department of the Madison Uni- versity. In 1875 he came to Glenwood and engaged in his profession. He is attorney for the Glenwood bank, also for the Minne- apolis & Pacific Railroad. He was county attorney from 1870 until 1881, and is one of the most prominent business men in the county. Mr. Webster was married, in 1S75, to Miss Georgia A. Muzzey, and they have two chil- dren. In political matters he is a republican. -*- «4>^ JMIaLVER HALVERSON is a native of ^"^sL Norway, from whicii land come the best and most intelligent adoj)teil citizens we have in this country. He was born in 1836, and is the son of Halvor and Enger (Tosten- son) Aslaksen, also natives of Norway. They lived in the beautiful village of Pas- grund. The father was a mechanic, and fol- lowed his trade until he became convinced that this free land offered him Ijetter induce- ments than his native home. So, in 1866, he came to America, where he has also labored at his chosen trade. He is now living a re- tired life, at the ripe old age of eighty-nine years. His wife passed from the scenes of earth in 1885. They were the parents of four children — Elic, Halver, Torson and Knute. Our subject learned blacksmithing from his father, but when seventeen years ■i^f^"^- JIVrMINUS E. LEYDE, a prosperous and Js'"-\. highly esteemed citizen of Walden township, resides on section 8. He was born at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1845, and is a son of Frederick and Currance (Depue) Leyde. In 18.52 he came with his parents to St. Paul, where he remained one week, then journeyed to Cottage Grove, Washington f(junty, Minnesota, where his father settled on a farm. The year 1867 saw them moving to Winsted, McLeod county, ilinnosota, where the father bought a farm, on wliich nur subject remained for some time, engaged in farming and running a threshinii machine. The subject of this sketch was married April 28, 1S72, to Miss Kittie Pinkerton, daughter of Ardell and Corinda (Woodbury) Pinkerton, residents of Victor, Wright county, Minnesota. This union has been blessed with five children — Raymond Fill- more, born April 2, 1873 ; Elsie Irene, born May 12, 1875 ; Leo DePue, born February 25, 1879; IMaud ]\Iignionette, born February 25, 1881 ; and Leila, born August 14, 1S87. After his marriage, Mr. Leyde and wife lived on his father's farm for one year, then bought a farm in Wright county, where thej^ lived for six years. In 1880 they removed to Pope county, Minnesota, where he bought eighty acres of land, on section 8, Walden township, where they have since lived. Mr. Leyde is a man of the strictest integ- rity and honor, and he and his estimable wife are highl}' esteemed by all who know them. They are exemplary members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Leyde afliliates with the prohibition party in his jiolitical action. -«•- ^^►^ ^""CHRISTOPHER L. BREVlG,an energetic and prominent young farmer, whose home is on section 33, White Bear Lake township, has been a resident of Pope county ever since he was a child. He was born in Norway on the 31st of July, 1804, and is a son of Lars A. and Annie Brevig. When he was but two years old his parents removed with their family to the United States, and settled in Clayton county, Iowa. There the\' lived for three years, and then came to Pope county, i[innesota, and located upon a home- stead in White Bear Lake township. Our subject was brought up on the home farm, assisting in the farm labor, and also attending school. When he was only seven- teen years old, in company with his brother, Knute L. Brevig, they pui-ciiased the origi- nal homestead on section 34, and began farm- 334 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. ing on theii- own account. Three years later the partnersliip was dissolved, and Christian purchased the entire property. This he tilled for two 3'ears, and then, in 1885, he pur- chased 100 acres additional on section 33, White Bear Lake township, so that he now owns a lai-Mi of 240 acres. The farm is a valuable one, 110 acres being under cultiva- tion, and the building improvements are good. It is well adapted for general fai'm- ins' and stock-raisiii"', and Mr. Brevig is hav- ing good success in these lines. Our subject has taken an active interest in public matters, and is recognized as one of the leading young men of the township. He was appointed justice of the peace when only twenty-one years of age, and still re- tains that office. ^P^ORY LARSON, an eneregetic a XIL thrifty farmer of Pope county, resid and ifty farmer of Pope county, resides on section 27, Ben AV^ade township. He is a native of Norway, born in Bergen Stift, City of Sliane, Septendjer28, 1836. and is a son of Lars and Isabell(>(Torson) Larson who were also natives of that kingdom. He, with his parents, came to the United States in 1846, and settled in Dodge county, Wisconsin, where they lived until three years ago, when they moveil to Manitowoc county, Wisconsin. In 1868 Tory Larson came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 27, Ben Wade township, his present place of residence. At that time his nearest market was St. Cloud, a distance of over eighty miles, and with ox teams it took eight days to make the journey. About this time he bouyiit two ox teams to bring' his g-oods, and had to pay forty dollars for them. One day in winter he started for Morris, and when he appi'oached within about three miles of the village, a severe snow storm set in so that he could not see his oxen. He drove so hard that the blood ran from one of the oxen's nostrils, and at night he reached a house where he remained until the storm had abated. He reached home five days after his de])arture. The severe storms which come up so suddenly anil almost without warning were a source of great annoyance to tho farmers of eai'lydays; sometimes he would go a siiort distance for a load of wood, and, being interfered with l)y the inclemency of tiie weather, would have to make a nund)er of days' ti'ip. One account which our sul)- ject gives, is that he once went on Tuesday morning to haul a load of wood a distance of seven miles, and, a storm setting in. he was unable to get back to his home till the following Friday night. They had an- other notably severe storm in which he could not go from one house to another for three days. In this blizzard his stovepipe burned out, tlie house came very nearly be- ing burned, anct s])ent his school dayii in his na- tive land, and at the ag(^ of lifteen, he left school and went to work on his father's farm. ]\[r. Lien was married in May, 1883, to Miss Jlary Olson, who is a native of Norway, and came to this country in 1880. They have two children — Ole and Emma, Mr. Lien and family belong to the Lutheran Church. -He is school-clerk of school district No. 59. and is a republican in his political affiliations. He now has a good farm of 200 acres, with good building improvements, and is engaged in general farming and stock- ^-.^- <♦. LBERT KOCH, one of Pope county's fc^^.V most highly respected citizens, is a resi- dent of section 20, Nora township. He is a native of Germany, born in Lagensalza, Saxony, December 30, 1840, and is a son of George and Johanna Catharina (Ronge) Koch, who were also natives of that empire. Our subject's father was a cloth-maker or weaver, and at the age of fifteen, our subject went into the same factory in which his father was working, and remained working there for a period of three years. In the fall of 1857, he came to the United States and first stopped in INIadison, Wisconsin, and worked at various occupations, and in differ- ent places until 1861. He enlisted, August 10, 1861, in Company F. Ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served until Decem- ber, 1864, four months over the time of his enhstment. After receiving his dischai'ge he returned to Madison, Wisconsin, and in ifarch, 1866, he enlisted in Company C, Ninth Ignited States Veteran InfantiT, and served until he was honorably discharged, March, 1866. In 1852 his father came to this country, and in April, 18til-, enlisted in the First Wisconsin Infantry, and afterscrv- in<'- three months he re-enlisted in the Tenth Wisconsin Infantry, and served until the summer of 1862. He was taken a pri.'.uner,and after being paroled, entered the same regi- ment in which his son was serving. He en- listed under the name of George Cook, in Company G, and served through the balance of the war. 336 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. After the close of the war, our subject, Albert Koch, returned to Madison, and bought a farm, on which he lived for two years, when he sold out and came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 30, Nora Township. lie has been burned out once b\' prairie fires, and after- wards they moved to his wife's claim of 100 acres of land on section 20, Nora township, which she bought in 1884. Mr. Koch was married, December 18, 1866, to ijiss Martha Olson, and they have ten children — Emma, Albina, Johanna, Her- man, Oscar, Carl, Albert, Bertha, Paulina and Edward, who is deceased. The family are all well educated, all speaking three dif- ferent languages, English, German and Nor- wegian. In politics Mr. Koch is a republi- can. I fDHN O. SNETTING, a prosperous and well-to-do farmer, residing on section 22, New Prairie township, is a native of Norway. He was born at Bergen Stift, Nor- wajr, April 26, 1850, and is a son of Ole and Carrie (Nelson) Snetting. He lived on the home farm until he was sixteen years old, when they all came to this country, and the family stopped for tiiree years in Fillmore county, Minnesota. Tlien they moved to Pope county, and the father took a home- stead on section 24, New Prairie townshi]). During the time they lived in Fillmore county, our suljject worked out for farmers. He remained with his parents for about three years after their settlement in Pope county, and then took a homestead on section 22, New Prairie township, where he has since lived. Mr. Snetting was married July 15, 1878, to Miss Evaline Estby, daughter of Christian and Torana Estby. His marriage has been blessed with three children — Tilda Carolina, Ida Christiana and Nellie Bendica. Our subject's father died in 1880, and his mother is still living. Mr. Snetting has a good farm of 280 acres and is in comfortable circum- stances. In political matters he is a repub- lican. l^OBERT CRAIG, who resides on sec- J:Jh>- tion 12, Leven township, is one of the " old timers," or jiioneers, who came here in the early daj's of Pope county's history, and is one of the few old settlers left who have remained through all the disadvantages and hardships of the early days and the grass- hopper raids. He has been prominently identified with the growth and development of the northern part of the county, and is rated as one of the most solid and substan- tial farmers of the township in which he lives. Mr. Craig was born in Scotland, on the 3rd of December, 1844, and is a son of Pobert and Elizabeth (Jafl'rey) Craig. His father was a fisherman and an ■• inn keeper " in his native land. When our subject was only one year old the family came to the United States, and located in "Walworth county, "Wisconsin, about thirty miles west of Milwaukee, where they were among the first settlers. The father died at "White- water, in that county, in 1S68. In about 185S the family came to Minnesota, and located in Olmsted county. The mother, Elizabeth Craig, died on arriving in Mil- waukee. In August, 1868, Koiiert Ci'aig, our sub- ject, came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled upon his ])resent farm, on section 12, Leven township. There he has lived ever since. He now owns one of tlie most valu- able farms in tlie townsliip. including 240 acres, with comfortable improvements, and a large portion of it under cultivation. POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 337 Mr. Craig was married on the 1st of Sep- tember, 18G8, to Miss Frances C. Walicer, and tliey are now the parents of eight chil- dren, as follows— -Grilda, Arthur, Letta, Edward, Minnie, Leroy, Jaffrej and Harvey. Mrs. Craig was born in Wisconsin, and is a daughter of Charles "Walker. Our subject has always been a staunch republican, and is one of the leading mem- bers of that party in the township in whicii he lives. He has held various township oflicos, and has been one of the directors of his school district for the past eight years. -«"J€J^:-^- /^ALE ENGEBRETSON, a resident of sec- \^/ tion 32, is one of the successful and respected citizens of White Bear Lake town- ship. Like so many of the successful and en- terprising farmers of Pope county, INIr. Enge- bretson is a native of Norway, born May 12, 1842. He was brought up on a farm, and remained in the land of his birth until he was twentv-live vears of age, and then de- ciiled to seek his fortune in the Xew World. On the 1st of June, 1867, he left Norway and came to the United States, making his way directly to Fillmore county, Minnesota, arriving there on the -Ith of July, 1867. He was employed in that neighborhood until the fall of 1S72, and during the following spring he made his way to Pope county, Minnesota, and took i)y declaratory state- ment 12o acres of his present farm, on sec- tion 32, White Bear Lake township. Later he •• homesteaded " it. He at once began im- provements, breaking up some land and erecting a cabin in which to live. This has since l)een his home, although he lias since materially added to the improvements, and now owns 264 acres of land, of which 135 are undei- a high state of tillage. He has good l)uiidings and tiie general appearance of the place evidence the energy and industry which are characteristic of the man. When he came to America he owed even for his pass- age money, and he has since met with some reverses, especially during the "grasshopi)er times," but he has overcome all these disad- vantages, and is now in excellent circum- stances, and has a valuable herd of cattle be- sides his other property. Mr. Engebretson has taken an active inter- est in ail educational and other public mat- ters. He is at present ont; of the sujiervisors of the township and is one of the directors of school district No. 53. In politics Mr. Engebretson is a staunch republican. • < «• • - C. WOLFE, a IfmANIEL Iti-y farmer of Westpoi't township, prosperous was born in Llighland county, Ohio, July 3, 1838. He is the son of William and ilar- gret (Elliott) Wolfe, natives of H'eland. The father came to the United States, at an early day, first landing in New York City. From there he went to Virginia, where he made his first settlement. He was a farmer and school teacher, following the same through life. The latter part of his life he was a local Methodist preacher in Keokuk county, Iowa. He died there in 1863, being lifty-si.x v^ears of age. He had held various offices of public trust, both in V^irginia and Iowa, and was a republican iii ]iolitics. The mother died in 1867, being over sixty-four }'ears of age. She was also a devout mem- ber of the Methodist Episco])al Church. They had a family of eight chihlren. all of whom grew to mature years — Virginia E., Daniel C, Reece, David, Sarah A., Martha E., Mary M., William L. Virginia, Keece and Sai-ah A. are dead. Our subject received his education in Ohio u|) to the age of fifteen years. He remained on his father's farm until he was of age, and 338 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. finished his schooling in Keokuk and Wash- ington counties, Iowa. He received a higli school education, taking up the higher branches of study. Mr. Wolfe was married on the 2nd day of July, 1857, in Keokuk county, Iowa, to ]Miss Catharine DeLapp, a native of Tennessee, born January 6, 1843. She finished her education in Keokuk countj^ Iowa. Her fatlier was Joseph DeLapp, a farmer. She was one often children. Those living are — Tobitha, Louisa, John, Catharine, Susan, Henr}', Elizebeth and Idelia. Mrs. Wolfe's father died January 27, 1888, at Goonsbury, Arkansas, being eighty-two years of age. The last twenty years of his life he was a merchant. He was a member of the Metho- dist Church. The mother still lives in Arkansas. Our subject, Mr. Wolfe, and his wife be- long to the Baptist Church at Yillard, he being clerk of that organization, having held the place since theorganizationof the church at that point. He has held various local school and township offices, including those of director and supervisor, also justice of the peace. Mr. Wolfe settled in Leven township. May 6, 1875, on section 25. He bought a quarter section of land and made the usual improvements on the same. He lived therefor two years, and then moved to Grove Lake township, remained two years, and then homesteaded his present place, on section lit of Westport township. He has a quarter section of prairie land, and five acres of timljer. He also has four lots m Yillard village. Mr. Wolfe has, without doubt, as eventful a " war record " as any man in this part of the State. November 17, 1802, he enlisted in tiie Thirty-sixth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He was discharged in February, 1865, at Keokuk, Iowa. He served under Captain Wright, and was in a nuniber of important engagements, including Cape Girardeau, Memphis, Helena, Pine Bluffs, Little Kock and Elkin's Ford. He was in many skirmishes, and with General Banks at the time of his defeat, when he had been fighting forty days. Mr. Wolfe was taken prisoner at the battle of Elkin's Ford, and was held for three months. He was wounded in the hip, shot through his body, and had his right arm shot, as well as his head. After the war closed, he engaged in the grocery trade at loka, Keokuk county, Iowa. He followed that for four years, and then went into the cabinet business, in com- pany with John Mo3'er, at Lurav, Clark county, Missouri, remained there two years, and then sold his interest and came to Min- nesota, in 1874. Mr. AYolfe belongs to " Whitmore Post," of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a worth}' member of the Masonic fraternity, as well as the Good Templars and Grange lodges. Their family consists of thii'teen children — Clarissa, Penelope C, William Ira, Daniel K., Cora A., Omie W., IMartha C, Effie I., John R., Virginia E. and Mary C. Clarissa married Henry Evans, a farmer of Douglas county, Minnesota ; Penelope C. married S. B. Moon, a farmer of Westport township, Pope county. The other children are living at home, and single. Two other cliildren died — Benjamin H. died in 1858, he being an infant ; Francis C. died in 1SC3, at the age of three and one-half j'ears. PETER PETERSON, cashier of the Bank of Glenwood, is a native of Noi-way. lie was born the 29th of July, 1849, and in 1857 he came to the United States with his parents. They settled near La Crosse, AVis- consin. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Com- pany D, Fifty-fifth Wisconsin Regiment, and after his discharge he returned to his parents. In 1866 he came to Pope county and settled in Gilchrist township, where he took 160 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 330 acres of Government land, to which he has since acUleil 240 acres more, lie remained on his farm until 1872, wlien lie removed to Glen wood and clerked until 1874 in the Bank of Glenwood for Mr. E. Lytte. When Mi-. Lytte sold out, in 1874, Mr. Peterson entered the business in partnership with James G. AVhittemore. This firm continued business until 1882, when the firm was chanj^ed to Webster, Thorson k, Peterson, Mr. Peter- son being cashier. Mr. Peterson was married in 1877, to Miss Etta I). Kising, and they have a family of five children — Mertice, Edna, Freddy, Ilany and Sidney. In politics ilr. Peterson is a republican, and is a member of the Masonic ordei". ^^UNDER OLSON, one of Pope county's ^^^ most highly esteemed citizens, is a resident of section 2, Langhei township. He was born, July 3, 1854, in Dodge county, Wisconsin, and is the son of Ole and Julia Torguson, who were natives of Norway. The parents came to this country in 1850, and settled in Wisconsin. The father died in Wisconsin, in 1862, and had always fol- lowed the vocation of a farmer. The mother is still living with our subject, and is at the advanced age of seventy -three years. They had three children — Theodore, Kosa and Gunder. Theodore died at the age of nine- teen years, and was buried in Langhei town- shi]i. The parents and family are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. Our subject, at the age of eleven, enlisted in tlie Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, and served as a private and drummer. He participated in the following battles — Nashville (Ten- nessee), Dalton (Georgia), Kingston (North Carolina), and at the latter ))lace was wounded and taken prisoner, and was paroled five months later. He was in Salisbury when Lee suri-endered, and was discharged at Baltimore, Maryland. He then returned home, and after rcmaimnir there two years went to Louisiana, and sjjcnt one year at Laurel Hill Plantation. He then returned home, anil the followintr sum- mer began working on a railroad, along the shores of Lake Superior, which he continued for some time. He then went to ]\lilwaukee, Wisconsin, and, after three weeks' sojourn in that cit}', he went to Te.xas with a cattle driver. From there he returned to IMil- waukee, wliere he remained for three weeks. He then came to Pope county, Minnesota, where his parents were then living. He bought land in Langhei township, where he has since resided. He now has an extensive farm of 240 acres, under good cultivation, good building improvements, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and is one of the representative men of his townshi]i. In political matters he affiliates with the re- publican party, and he is an exemj)lary member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Olson is still a bachelor. -4- v'vlLE L. STEEN, one of the respected V^/ and highly esteemed citizens of New Prairie township, lives on section 22, and is a thrifty exam()le of the nationality to which he belongs. He was born in Bergen Stift, Norway, June 3, 1841, and is the son of Louis and Sena (Bringold) Steen, both na- tives of Norway. He worked on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, and then came to the Unite children — Mrs. Maria Johnson, Lars, Matilda, Mrs. 8teenson, Alfred and David. Mi's. Johnson has a famil}'^ of seven chil- dren — Sophiali M., Tiieodore J., Elizabeth O., George E., Peter O. C, Clara M. and Otto C. Mrs. Joimson and family still live on the same tract of land taken up as a homestead bv her deceased husband, toicether with 240 acres which he had also purchased, making the whole tract 400 acres. Mr. Johnson was a man of great strength of character, beloved and respected by all who made his acquaintance. Both he and his wife were accepted members of the Lutheran Church, and were exemplary citizens in every way. ►^^ ^Mn DREW LARSON LUNDRING, is a jL^'i successful and well-to-do farmer re- siding on section 20, White Bear Lake town- ship. I)prn in Norway, September 27, 1S27, he comes of a nationality which has become proverbial for their tlirift, perseverance and economy. lie remained in his native land until he iiad reached the age of forty years, and then, in May, 1867, he came to the United States and settled near La Crosse, "Wisconsin, where he purchased a farm and engaged in tilling the soil. In 1871, he sold his farm, and, with an ox-team he drove, with his family, over-land to Pope county, Minne- sota, bringing five head of cattle, a few sheep and otlier property. The trip consumed a month. During the same year lie secured 160 acres of the farm where lie now lives. His industry and energy, together with his business ability, have phiced liinr in comfort- able circumstances, as he now owns some 245 acres of land, over 100 of which are under a high state of cultivation. His building improvements are comfortable and conve- nient and he has a beautiful grove surround- ing the place. Jlr. Lundring has taken an active and commendable interest in all public and edu- cational matters, being at ])resent one of the directors of his school district. He is a man of the strictest integrit}^, is highly respected by all who know him, and may justly be clas.sed among the truly representative farm- ers of the township in which he lives. While living m Wisconsin, our subject was married to Miss Annie Sandness. Tiieir union has been blessed with three ciiildren, as follows — Ole L., Bina and Laura. The family are exemplary members of tlie Luth- eran Church. ^.M^UGUST ANDERSON, a prosperous and -/r\\. well-to-do citizen, resiiiing on section 2, Ben Wade township, is a native of Sweden. He was born Xovenii)er 11. 1848, and is a son of Andreas Johnson and Anna Peterson, who are natives of that kin ■ •^g^"^— ^ ^ERTHIN R. SIGNALNESS, a prosperous and well-to-do farmer, residing on section l-t, Blue Mounds township, is a na- tive of Wisconsin, born September 22, 1802. Rasmus Signai.xkss, the father of Berthin R., wasl)orn in Norway, December 28, 1820, and remained in that country until 1862, when he came to the United States and set- tled in Dane county, Wisconsin. He re- mained there two and a half 3'ears, when he went to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and after two years' stay in that place, he came to Pope county, Minnesota. He was one of the first settlers in Blue ]\roiinds township, and has been school clei'k, supervisor, assessor, ])ost- master, and at one time was mail carrier on the route between Langhei and Horace. He was married in Norway, Septend)er 23, 1847, to iliss Berget Olson, a native of that king- dom. During his early life he traveled and sohl goods, but after settling in this country, he engageti in farming. They hail eleven children, six of whom are living. Berthin It. Sigiialness, finished his school- in g, in the High School, at Sauk Center, 344 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Minnesota, in 1886, having previously taken a course in tiie Iligli School in Minneapolis. For several years he was with commissioners in looking up timber lands, in the northern part of the State. He is a j'oung man of excellent abilities, and is one of the rising young men of the county. ^ WAN ANDERSON, one of Pope coixnty's respected and pi-osperous citizens, is a resident of section 16, Nora township. He is a native of Sweden, born near Gutenberg, September 22, 1854, and is a son of Andi'ew and Mary (Swenson) Andrewson, who were also natives of that kingdom. Swan Anderson came to the United States in 1869, and worked in the neighborhood of Hastings, Minnesota, for three years. He then learned the carriage-making trade, and for the next three years he followed this occu- pation at Hastings. He tl}en went to Minne- apolis, wiiere he followed this trade for the next twelve or thirteen j'ears. In 1885 he came to Nora township. Pope county, ilin- nesota, and bought 141 acres on section 16, wliere he is still living, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He has a neat, comfortable house, three horses, ten head of cattle, and has about fifty acres under culti- vation. Our subject was married, June 4, 1881, to ]\Iiss Mary Osterberg, and they have been blessed with the following children — Eutli Doretha and George Oscar. Mr. Anderson is a man of the highest honor and integrity, and, although he was a p(jor man on coming here, lie has, by that energy, thi'iftand econ- omy which so distinguish the people of his nationality. ])laced himself in his present comfortable circumstances. In ]ioHtical mat- ters he is a repuljlican. Mr. Anderson visited his native land in 1872, after being in this country three year.s. 1 l^t^EWIS D. WEBSTER, proprietor of the 1^ Tennessee Hotel, in the village of Yill- ard, was born in the town of Saybrook, Ash- tabula county, Ohio, on the 26th of February, 1828, and is a son of George and Harriett (Stone) Webster, who were natives, respect- ively, of New York and Connecticut. His grandfather, on his father's side, George Webster, Sr., was an Englishman, and was a farmer and a hotel-keeper. Lewis D.'s father, George Webster, was the fir.st settler of the town of Saybrook, Ashtabula county, Ohio, having located there in 1810. His principal occupation, through life, was that of a farmer and stock-raiser. The father of our subject died in 1864, the mother in 1858. Lewis D. Webster, the subject of this article, received his earlier education in the place of his birth. He then attended an academ}^ at Austinburg, in the same county, and supplemented this with a course at the college at Kingsville. x\fter leaving college he engaged in business for himself — farming and handling stock ; a few years later was ensaffed in the meat-market and saw- mill business. In 1883 he removed to Ten- nessee and remained there for four years. In May, 1887, he came to Pope county, Minne- sota, and located at the village of Villard, where he still lives. Mr. Webster was married in December, 1859, to Miss Mary Jane Cooper, a native of Ashtabula county, Ohio. She was born in 1838, and died in 1865, leaving two children — George and Frank. George is running a meat-market in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and Frank is farming in Pope county. Mr. Webster was married to his present wife March 3(nh, 1872. She was formerly Miss ^lartha Ann Iladden, who was born in Kirkhind, Lake county, Ohio, in 1849, and a dauglitcr of Jaccb Hadden. Her father was a native of New Jersey, and slie was tiiefiftli born in a family of seven children — Sarah, Eliza, Etta, James, Martha, Daniel and Myra. rOPE COUNTY, MIXXF.SOTA. 345 Mr. and Mi's. Webster, by this marriage, have become the parents of three chiklren — Wil- liam W., John E. and Fannie M. In ])oliticalniatlers our subject is a staunch republican. His first vote for President was cast for llenrv Clav. ■1^^ :«♦' M^BNER M. JUDKINS, JR.. one of tiie JPsL. early settlers of Westport township, located there in July, 1866. lie took a quarter section of land as a homestead, and bought enough more to make his total landed estate 235 acres. He at once set about making for himself a valuable and attractive farm home. Jfotwithstanding all the draw- backs, coincident with pioneer days, being far from markets, etc., our subject has pulled through hard times, and lived to see the county transformed fi-om a di-eary desei't into a wealthy and thickly settled land, where each frugal farmer has enough and to spare. Vast has been the change since his early settlement, when he was one of five men who called themselves residents of Westport township, there being onl\' one house with a roof on in sight. He aided in organizing tlie civil township, and has ever taken an active part in all public affairs. He has held the office of township clerk for seven years, has been assessor and held various school offices in his district. Our suliject was born in the town of En- field, Penobscot county, Maine, April 26, 1837. He is the son of Abner M. and Mary (Vose) Judkins, both natives of Maine. The father was a farmer through life, and was ever identified with the interests of his county. State and nation. He was educated at tlie old-fashioned common school, and made the most of all he learned in his school days. He i)elonged to tlie United Brethren Ciun'ch. and passed from the scenes of earth at the ailvanced age of eighty-four years, dying in February, 18S8. His wife died an even score of years prior to his death; it was March, 1868, when her spirit took its flight from its abode of clay. She was born in 1803, and was, consequent!}', si.xty-five years old at the time of her death. His father's people were of Scotch extraction, and those on his mother's side were of Irish origin. They had a family of the following ciiildi'en — Margret, Andrew J., James, Alonzo, Albert, Abner M., Hartley, Francis and ilary A. Those deceased are James, Alonzo, Hartley and Francis ; all of these except James were in the Union army. James died in 1860, at home. Alonzo enhsted in 1861, in the Fourteenth lieg- iment of Volunteer Infantry, as did Hartley, Francis and Andrew. Our subject, Abner M., enlisted in the Eighth Wisconsin Battery, being mustered into service December 31, 1863, and was mustered out at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, July 10, 1865. He served under Captain Henry E. Stiles, and was in the en- irairements at Murfreesboro and Nashville, Tennessee, besides numerous others of less note in history. He retains diseases con- tracted in the service, which will, doubtless, follow him to liis grave. After his discharge he returned to Fi-iendshi)). Wisconsin, and remained in Northern Wisconsin until the following spring, and then came to Pope county, Minnesota, arriving here in July, 1S66. Mr. Judkins was married, February IS, lS5t», in Otto, JIcKane county, I'ennsyl- vania, to Miss Emeline Judkins, a native of Enfield, ]\Iaine. Her father was Jedediali Judkins, a farmer and lumberman. Our subject's wife was the next to the youngest, and her people I'emoved to Pennsylvania when she was only twelve years of age. The mother is still living. The father died in 1874. jMr. and Mi-s. Judkins have four children— Charles W., Elmer E., Hubert B., Welden li. All the children are at home 346 rOPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. and unmarried. Charles has been a teacher for the past three years. In his politics our subject is a republican. He, like nearl}^ every old soldier in Minnesota, belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a worthy brother of the Masonic fraternity. A grandmother of our subject (his father's mother) died in 1870, at the extreme old age of 103 years. She and her son emigrated from Pennsylvania to AVisconsin wlien she ■\vas ninety years of age, and five years later moved to Pope county, going in a "Dubuque wagon " a distance of 300 miles. She was the oldest wonum in tiie State of Minnesota, and retained her senses until within a year of her death. ^^EVER O. RONNIE, the subject of this "^^z sketch, is a successful and pi'osperous farmer, residing on section 14, New Prairie township. He was born in Bergen Stiff, Norway, January 13, ISSo, and is the son of Ole and Sophia (Ottoson) Ronnie. Sever remained on the home farm until his father died, when he took charge and ran the farm for eleven years. In 1868 he came to America, being eight weeks on shipboard, and upon arriving, settled in Yernon coimty, Wisconsin. There he bought a farm and remained for seven years, twice coming to Pope county, Minnesota, to seil horses. In 1875 our subject came to Pope county', to settle, and on June -l, 1875, took a home- stead on section 14, New Prairie township, where he still lives. He now owns an excel- lent farm of 2U0 acres, with comfortable building improvements. He has always met with good success as a farmer with the ex- ception of tlie "grass-hopper yeai-," when he lost his entire crop. Mr. Ronnie is a man of tlie highest honor and integrity, and is highly respected as a citizen. He served as assessor for ten years, and has always taken an active interest in all public matters Our subject was married in 1800, to Miss Martha Lermo, and the^'^ have had the fol- lowing children — Ole, Louis, Sever, Anna So])hia, Hans, Betsey, Lena and Alta. The last two mentioned are deceased. Louis is now assessor and Sever was a representative to the republican county convention held at Glen wood, September 1, 1888. Ole is mar- ried to Betsey Aneson and lives at New Prairie. They have six children. Anna Sophia is a school teacher, having taught two terms. Mr. Ronnie is a republican in political matters. ^^NGEBRET ANDERSON, a prosperous ^^^ and highly esteemed citizen of Lang- hei township, resides on section 11. He is a native of Norway, born in Nordre Aurdal, July 6, 1861, and is a son of Andrew Enge- bretson and Mary Swenson, who were also natives of that kingdom. They came to this country in 1866, and after landing at Quebec, Canada, proceeded to La Crosse, AVisconsin, via Chicago, Ills. In 1869, they came to Pope count}'^, Minnesota, and took a home- stead of 160 acres on sections 11 and 12, Lnnghei township, where they still live. He was one of the earliest settlers in the town- ship, and is a man highly esteemed by all who know liim. The parents have three sons — Swen, Ole and our subject, Engebret. Encebret Anderson received his education in Pope county and renuiined at home work- ing on the farm during the summers. He was married, November 4, 1885, to Miss Hannah Olson, a native of Christiania, Nor- way, l)orn July '2. 1861, and is the daughter of Ole S. and Martha Olson who were also natives of Norway. They came to America in 1866, and settled in La Crosse, AV^isconsin, POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA- 347 where tliey remained one year, anil tlien came to Pope county, Minnesota. Tlie fatlier is residing in Rolling Folks township, and the mother died in 1S79. Mrs. Ander- son, the wife of our subject, is one of six chiltlron, and was educated in Rolling Forks townsliip. Our subject and wife have been blessed with two children — Minda and Anna. Tiie subject of this article is a representative man of his township, and has held the following oHices — supervisor, school treasurer, etc., etc. Mr. Anderson has a well-improved farm of some 220 acres, with good buildings. He is en<;aoed in tjeneral farminij' and stock- raising, in connection with which he owns and runs a threshing machine. In political mat- ters he aliiliates with the republican party. >KtANS A. LAGESON, an enterprising ^"^^SL and prominent farmer, residing on section 22, Chippewa Falls township, is a na- tive of Norway, born March 18, 1837. He is the son of Lage N. and Elata (Simonsen) Engen, also natives of Norway. The father learned the boot and shoe making trade, fol- lowing it for many years. He also had charge of a saw mill, at which he was en- gaged when he died, in 1852. The mother died in 1851. They were membei'S of the Lutheran Church. Their family consisted of live cliildrcn — Nels, Martin, Maren, Hans A. and Johnnes. Owv suljject received his education at Christiania, the capital of Norway. He worked in a paper mill four years. In 1853, he, with his three brothers, came to America, settling in Chicago, Illinois. From there he moved to Rockford, Illinois, where he com- menced to learn the cabinetmaking trade, but only remained one j'ear, as the com))any failed; he then returned to Cliicago, where he worked at the same business for another year. He tlien went to Iowa, and sto})po(l in Allamakee county, where he worked on a farnr, and also worked some at his trade. He remained there until 1801. He then en- listed in Company " 13," Fifteenth Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers. He was in the service three years, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, after first being wouiuled on September 19, 1803. He was shot through the ankle joint, and was taken to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was a prisoner of war for five months, then was exchanged and sent from one hospital to an- other, till he got back to Madison, Wiscon- sin, where he was discharged. lie then re- turned to Iowa, where he was married in 1866, to Miss Guro Johnson, a daughter of Daniel and Sessel (Stenerson) Johnson, na- tives of Norway. They came to America in 1850, and settled in Taylor township, Alla- makee county', Iowa, where he was engaged in farming until his death, in 1857. They have five children living — Guro, now Mi's. Lageson ; Rerget, now ]VIrs. Engerbritson ; Stener; Sophia, now Mrs. Johnson; and John. Our subject, after his marriage, settled at Village Creek, in AHamakee county, Iowa, where he worked in a woolen mill for a year, then came to Pope county, Minnesota, leav- ing his wife with her parents in Iowa, until later. In 1868 he took a homestead in sec- tion 33, which he finally lost; he then ])ur- chased the 200 acres where he built a log cabin, close by the timber. He.has improved and added to his farm, which now has an extent of 382 acres. Mr. Lageson luis a fam- ily of eight children — Louise M., John D., Sophia A., Julia C, Albert G., Maria O., Herman A. and Josephene O. In politics, Mr. Lageson is a republican, and has held the offices of assessor, town clerk and chairnum of the board of super- visors ; also been school director, and is now 348 POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. school clerk. lie is a ^vorthy member of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, Canheld Post, Ko. 38, of Glen wood Village. He is a representative man of his county. Among other business interests, he is agent for the Manitoba Railroad lands, as well as for the trans-Atlantic steam ship lines. ^^EORGE E. MCALLISTER, editor and \!^ pi'0])rietor of the Glenioood Times, has been well-known in the newspaper and edi- torial circles of this portion of the State for a number of j'ears. xVlt hough the paper of which he is now proprietor has been but re- cently established, it is already gaining a good foothold, and, under his energetic management, is bound to succeed. lie is a pungent writer, and is recognized as one of the most forcible and pointed editorial writers in this part of Minnesota. Mr. McAllister is a native of Clinton county, New York, born August 10, 1853, and is a son of J. 0. McAlhster. Until he was twenty-one years of age he remained most of the time at home upon the farm, attending school, and receiving a good education. In the mean time he had come West, and at the age referred to, he entered the office of Hon. D. W. Poindexter, at Osage, Iowa, where he studied law for about one year. In March. 1870, he took charge of the St. Ansgar Enterprhc., in Mitchell county, Iowa, and re- nuiined there for three years. At the ex- piration of that time, in 1882, he came to Swift county, Minnesota, and located in Benson, where he established the Sioift County Press. After remaining at the head of that jiaper, as editor and proprietor, for three years, on the 1st of May, 1SS6, he ac- cepted a position in the land office at Benson, where he was employed at clerical work for about two years. In July, 1888, he came to Glenwood, and established the Times, which he still conducts. Through years of actual experience, he is a thorough news])aper man, and is meeting with well-deserved success. Mr. McAlhster was married, in 1880, to Miss EUen Tarrant, of Fox Lake, Wisconsin. They are the parents of three children — Frank, NeUie and Ina. -^. ^ RICK JOHNSON, a resident of section \i^ 19, White Bear Lake township, is one of the most successful and enterprising farm- ers and stock-raisers in Pope county, and one of the most highly respected old settlers. lie is a native of Sweden, where he was l)orn August 19, 1832. He was brought up a fai'mer, and followed that vocation in his native land until he was thirty-six years of age, as he owned a small farm there. In 1SG8 he came to the United States and set- tled in Rice county, Minnesota, where he re- sumed his agricultural pursuits. In the fall of 1870 he came to Pope county and took a homestead of 160 acres on section 20, in White Bear Lake township, upon which he settled with his famil}^ during the following spring of 1871. He at once began improve- ments, but times were hard, and he, like all tlie other old settlers, was poor. At first he was obliged to work for other farmers as op- portunity offered, sometimes only receiving from twent3^-five to fifty cents per day for his labor. For this reason he was only able to get five acres broke on his own place tlui'ing the first year. He "stuck" to the place, however^ and by his thrift, industrj' and economy overcame the many obstacles, and is now in comfortable circumstances. After proving up on his homestead he pur- chased 120 acres of railroad land, so that he now has an extensive and valuable farm, 160 acres of which are under cultivation, and the beaut}' and value of the surroundings are enhanced by a grove of about four acres rOPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 340 wliicli lie planted himself. Since the early (lays he has met with some reverses, espe- cially during " grasshopper ycai'S," hut he has fully recovered from that setl)ack, and now, hesidos his other properly, has a valuable herd of cattle and horses. J[r. Johnson was married before leaving his native land to Miss Carrie Knudson, and they have a family of four children — John Erickson, Erick E., Ole Erickson, and Annie Johnson. The first three were born in Swe- ilen, and the last in Pope county. The fam- ily are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. -^. ©AVID OLSON LEBECK. a respected faiMucr and stock-iaiser of the western part of the county, is a resident of section 4, New Prairie township. He is a native of Norway, born in Christian Stift, March 15, 1833, and is a son of Ole and Carrie (Andrest) Davidson, who are natives of that kingdom. David's father died when our subject was but fifteen years old. David then took charge of the farm, and remained upon it until he was twenty-four years of age, when he sold out, and came to the United States. He first settled in Allamakee county, Iowa, where he remained for nine years, working out. In IST'J ho came to Pope county, Minnesota, and took a homestead in New Prairie township, on section 4, where he has since remained. Our subject was manieil, in July, 1S.")9, to Jriss ^[ary Olson, daughter of Ole and Ingebar Olson, and they have been blessed with the following children — Oliver, Jo- hanna, Anna, John, Emma and Clara. Oliver is married to Emma Ijenson, and lives in Lowry. Johanna is married to Erick Gjsme, and resides in Wisconsin. Mr. Olson was a ]ioor man when he came to this country, liut has by his own exertions placed himself in his present comfortable circum- stances, having a valuable farm of 160 acres, also three horses, fourteen head of cattle, and about fifty acres of land under cultiva- tion. In political matters our subject affili- ates with the republican party. 2TbHN TOBEY, a farmer, r(>siding on scc- i^ tion 15, Walden township, is a native of l\raine. He was born in Wales, Maine, January 5, 1823, and is a son of John and Rispah (Soule) Tobey. John received a com- mon school education, and remained at home until he was of age. He then began a seaman's life, and after some time settled in Massachusetts, where he was married in 1848. He then returned to his native State, and there remained until 1871. In 1871 he came to Minnesota, and worked two years in teaming and in the pineries. Mr. Tobey then settled in Stevens county. In 1880 he sold the place he had taken and came to Pope county, settling on his present place of residence. Mr. Tobe\' is a democrat in his political belief. • ■ » -^^^ -< *- • fOHN LARSON, the proprietor of the Jfin- newaska Poller Mills, in Starbuck, was born in Denmark, June 22, 1847. lie remained in his native land, en":a;;ed in a llourin<' mill until twenty-five years of age, when he immigrated to the United States and settled in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he followed his trade for six years. In 1877 he went to Minneapolis, ilinncsota, and for the next eleven years was steadily engaged in the Holly flouring mills, of that place. In the spring of 1888 he came to Starbuck and built his present mills at an expense of §9,000 or §10,000. The mill stands in the city 350 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. limits, and is fitted throughout with the E. P. Ellis machines. Besides being engaged in milling he carries on a general exchange business in the grain and v\iieat trade. /^^LE JOHNSON STOCKLAND, a pros- Vs^ perous and highly esteemed citizen of Ben Wade township, resides on .section 35. He was born near Skien, I^orway, August, 12, 1S52, and is a son of John and Auslaug (Olson) Etfleson, who were also natives of Norway. At the age of fifteen his parents came to America, settling in Dodge county, Minnesota, where they stayed two j'ears. In 1869 the family came to Pope county, Min- nesota, and our subject stayed with theni until he was twenty -one, when he took a homestead of 160 acres on section 35, Ben Wade township where he has since reuiained. When he first settled there were but few settlers, and being in reduced circumstances, coupled with the devastations of the grasshoppers, they, with other farmers, received aid from the State. During the early times their nearest market Wiis St. Cloud, Minnesota, and as times -were very iiard the pioneers had to suffer many hardships. Our subject was married in October, 1876, to Miss ilary Toryson, daughter of Tory Johnson Bottum and Ingebar (Jacobson) Bottum, and they have been blessed with the following children — John, Jacob, Aletraand Ingebar. ^^^^ «<►► JOHN EMMERSON, a prominent old settler in the eastern portion of Pope county, IS a resident of section 25, Grove Laketown- shi|i. He was born in New Brunswick in 1831, and was ijrongiit up at farming and also in the lumbering trade. ^Vhen he was twenty-one years of age he left his native province, and came to the United States, settling in Rice county, Minnesota, where he was engaged in farming for ten years. At the expiration of that time he came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled upon the farm in Grove Lake township, where he still resides. Mr. Eramerson was married in 1881r, to Annie M. Johnson. The family are mem- bers of the Adventists' society, and Mi's. Emmerson, for a number of years, has been a lecturer on theological subjects. f^ANlEL ANDERSON, a prosperous and '^Mf well-to-do citizen of Pope county, is a resident of section 21, Gilclirist township. He is a native of Norway, born March 12, 1810. At the age of thirteen he commenced the business of fishing, which he followed until he was twenty-nine. At that age lie came to tiie United States, settling first in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he remained for nine weeks, helping through harvest. He removed from there to Adams count\', Wis- consin, whei'e he remained three weeks, en- gaged at hop-picking, after which he came to St. Paul, Minnesota, and worked two or three months on the Manitoba Eailroad. In the following December he came to Terrace, in Pope county, and in the spring of 1869 took land on section 24, Gilchrist township, where he has since remained. Our subject has a fine farm of 280 aci-es, 100 acres of which are under cultivation ; has fifty head of cattle, and ten horses. Mr. Anderson takes an active interest in school matters, antl is highly esteemed l)yall who know iiim as a man of the utmost integi'ity and an exemplary citizen. The subject of this sketch was married January 1, 1868, to Miss Carrie Peterson and they have the following children — Peter, Anton, Donart, Christian, Isabelle, Johanna POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 351 and Annie. Our subject and liis faniil}' are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Ander.son is a trustee in his church. In political matters affiliates with tiie republi- can party. — — "^f^t^^-*-- J^ EV. EDWARD N. RUDDOCK, pastor Jlm\, "f the Congregational fliui'cii, and one of the leading citizens of the village of Vil- lard. in I'ope county, is a native of J'uckland, Franklin county, Massachusetts, born Janu- ary 18, 1831, and is a son of Samuel and Hannah (Ames) Ruddock. His parents re- moved to the State of New York about the year 1835, and settled in Chenango count}', where the parents died, the mother at fifty- six and the father at eighty 3'ears of age. Thej' raised a family of six boys — Chester, Samuel, Levi, Edward, Charles and Nathan. Samuel died in 1841 being fifteen years of age. Three of them are now living in Min- nesota — Edward, Charles and Nathan. The others are living in Wisconsin. During the Civil War the family furnished two Union soldiers who went to the front. Levi enlisted in the Eighth New York Cavalry, and served about three yesu's. Nathan enlisted in the Seventy-Sixth New York Infantry, and was severely wounded in the battle at Antietam. Edward N. liuddock, our present subject, spent his boyhood days in New York State. He received an excellent education, attending the Oberlin College, and supplemented this with a course at the New York Central Col- lege, lie then adopted the ministry as a life calling, and was ordained at East Phar- salia. New York, in 1858. After this he followed his profession in New York State until 1873, when he accepted a call at Dart- ford, Green Lake county, Wisconsin, and removed thither with his family. He re- maineil there two years, and then for a short time was located on the Pine Iliver, after which he again returned to Dartford. As his wife's health was failing, for her benefit he then removed to Western Kansas, in the empW of the Home Missionary Society. There his wife died, in ISTS, leaving a family of three children — Herbert M., Elmer E. and Lillian L. Shortly after this event our sub- ject returned to Dartford, AVisconsin, aiul again took up his j)rofession. Later. Mr. Ifuddock came to jMinnesota, and for some time preached at Appleton and Benson. He then accei)ted a call to the pastorate of the church at Hancock, Stevens county, wjiere he remained two years, when he came to Yillard, and has since been pastor of the Congi'egational church at that j)lace. lie is a man of fine attainments and an able ]ireacher. Mr. Euddock's present wife was formerly Eliza D. Hannahs, a native of Monroe county. New York. She received an excellent edu- cation at the Genesee Seminary, at Lima, New York, and for twelve years followed the profession of a school teacher, in which she was extremely successful. Mr. and Mrs. Ruddock have been the j)arents of two chil- dren — Fred R., deceased, and Edward L., who is living. /g^ RICK E. SKOGEN, a thrifty and entcr- \^^il prising fai'mer, residing on section 18, Nora townshi]), is a native of Norway, ijoi n eif'hteen miles north of Walders. Christiania. July 27, 1841. He is a son of Erick K. and Ino-er (Xelson) Slattcii, who were also natives of the same kingdoni. His mother died when he was four years old, and at the age of seven he commenced life for himself, liy herdinsr cattle, and a.s soon as he was old enough he worked as a farm hand. In 1868 he came to this country, and woiked for three years for a farmer in Dane county, Wisconsin. He then came to Pope county, POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 18, Nora township, where he has since lived. In 1877 he took a tree claim on the same section as his homestead, and adjoining it. Our subject was married March 22, 1809, to Miss Anna Knuteson, a daughter of Knute and Mary (Olson) Holverson, who are na- tives of Norway. They have been blessed with the following children — Erick, Knute, Inger, Sophia, Julia, Henry, Mary and Em- ma. Mr. Skogen lost two crops by "hoppers," and one by hail, also has lost a great many cattle by sickness. He now has a good house, which he has lately built, and a valu- able fai'ui ; has a good herd of cattle, and is in comfoi'table circumstances. He and his family are members of the Lutheran Church. He is now road overseer, and is a republican in his political views. ^[eLS N. BARSNESS, one of the most ?^ prominent men of Earsness township, is a resident of section 28. He was born in Norway at Bergan Stadt, on the 22il of May, 1835. Nels remained at home until 1861, when he came to this country. He served three 3'ears in the army in the old country, and then hired a substitute for the remaining time of two years. Settling in Dane county^ AVisconsin, he enlisted in the army in Com- ]iany H, Twenty -seventh Wisconsin Infantr\', in July, 1862, and served until August 1, 1805, when he was honoi'ably discharged at Brownsville. Texas. He was with his I'egi- ment all tlirou^'h tlieir long- and difficult service, ami participated in a great many of the hard-fought Ijattles and expeditions under Grant. lie still owns the musket which he carried tlirougii the war. Mi-. Itarsness enlisted under the name of Nels Nelson, by which he was known until 1871), when his name was changed to Nels N. Barsness b}' an act of the Legislature. After being mustered out of the service, our subject returned to Dane county, "Wis- consin, and i-emained there about a month when he went to Stillwater, Minnesota, and worked in the pinerj' and on the river. In April, 1866, he came to Pope county, Min- nesota, and took a homestead on section 28, Barsness township, after which he returned to Stillwater, and ran two rafts down the river. That fall he returned to his home- stead and remained on it until the next spring, when he again went into the pineries and on the river. After three years' absence he returned to his claim, where he has been ever since. Mr. Barsness was married December 25, 1868, to Betsey Olson, and they have been blessed with the following children — Alfred M., Anna Josephine, Nellie, Olea. Jessie, Andreana, Johanna, Nels, Ole, Tilda, Boleta. Our subject has held numerous important offices in his township, as constable, chair- man of supervisors, two terms; school clerk, director, road overseer, etc. ^JV, LANSON J JUDKINS, one of the well- jP=^ to-do farmers of section 3-1-, "West- port township, came to Pope county in August, 1866, and in October, 1867, settled wheie he now lives. He took a homestead and improved the same in the usual way, besides planting a goodly number of trees, which have come to be beautiful in their appearance and valuable as a windbreak. The varieties of trees are box elder, soft maple, willow and ash. They have been raised from the seed, and many of them are now as large as a man's body. Ml'. Judkins was born in Somerset county, Maine. August 15, 1828. His parents were POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 353 Jodediali and Martha (Lane) Judkins, na- tives of Maine. The father died in 1879, in Pope county, ^riiinosota, to wliich l(jcation lie came in October, ISfiT. Tiie mother makes her liomc witli oui- subject. They were farmei's in Maine, until our subject was about fiftoen 3'ears old, when the lather labored in a saw-mill, and at liinilM'ring bus- iness. After the marriage of the parents they renujved to Piscacataquis county, Maine, where their family remained some years. Mr. Judkins came with his brother, Edwin II.. who remained until 1ST7 on a farm in Pope county. He was assessor of Westport township, and took an active part in public affairs. Our subject was the third in his father's family, and the oldest son now living. The children were — Alanson, Hannah, Solomon. Emiline and Frank — these are still living-. Those deceased were — Rebecca, who mar- ried Asher Tliiuls and died in 1852 in New York, leaving one child, C. C. Hinds ; Mar^' nuii'ried Timothy Bunker (she died in 1SS2, leaving two children — Leon and Mary). Up to the age of twenty-two \'ears, Mr. Judkins worked (when not otherwise em- ployed or at school) in a blast furnace in the Katahdon iron woi-ks, in Maine. He tiien spent two years at the lumbering business at New Hudson, New York. He then spent six years in McKean county, Pennsylvania, at the same occupation. The next four years of his life he spent in Adams county, Wisconsin, at farming. lJ])on leaving "Wis- consin, he went to Pope county, ilinnesota, ami tii-ihiy is one of the oldest settlers, there only Ijeing two or three families on the east side of the townslii[), when \\v. canic; here. Mr. Jiiilkins was married in the month of Fei>riiarv, 1S.")S. to ^liss .Malisse Judkins, also a native of Maine. They w(M-e married in Pennsylvania, at a point in McKean county. She is the daughtei- of David Judkins, being liic third in tin- family. Mr. anil Mrs. Jud- kins have a family of fourchildren — Edwin Mark, Nettie M., Guy Benjamin and AVilmar Francis. The children are all single, and live at home. Marv is a teacher, havino; lin- ished her education at Sauk Center, in 1888. Mr. Judkins is a republican in his ])olitical belief, and is a worthy member of the ila- sonic fraternity. In school matters he is act- ive, and has been director of school district No. 15 since 1887. He has always taken an active interest in public affairs, and he has been prominently identified with the growth and development of the northeastern part of the county ever since the days of its first settlement. ^.^^ «^- MILS M. LIEN, one of the prominent and representative farmers of Lang- hei township, resides on section (I, where he carries on farming and stock-i'aisine:, and, during the pro[)er season, operates a horse- power threshing machine, which he owns jointly with Erick and Ole Lien, A. Avok and Arne Benson. . Mr. Lien was born in the central ))art of Norway, on the 12th of July, 1855, and is a son of Michael and Mary Olson. He grew to manhood in the land of his birth, and, in 1876. the family came to the United States, landing in New York City. For a time they lived in "Wabasha county, Minnesota. In 1876, they came to Pojie county, and settled near the town line, between Langhei and Blue Mounds townships. Our subject has since lived here, and been prominently iden- tified with the growth and development of that portion of the county. He now owns ;^60 acres of land, and is in very good cir- cumstances, having comfortaltle imjirove- ments. and his farm is under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Lien has always taken a commendable interest in public aiul educa- tional alfairs, and has held a number of local 354 POPE COU.VTY. MINNESOTA. offices, having been at different times school treasurer, and is now one of the township supervisors. In his j'outh he received an excellent practical education, and is classed among tlie best posted and most intelligent farmers in the count}'. Mr. Lien was married. June 8, 1883, to Miss Mary Gilbertson. She is a native of the same part of Norway as her luisband, and came to the United States, in 1881, with a brotlier and sister. Their marriage has been blessed witli tliree children — Mar\', (4ilnuin and Michael. The family are ex- emplai'v members of the Lutheran Church, and are held in high esteem by all. In ])olitical nuitters Mr. Lien is a su])portei' of tiie principles of the republican party. Mr. Lien's parents are still living. His father has been a farmer all through life, altliougii, when young, he learned the shoe- maker's trade, and followed that trade in connection with agricultural pursuits. /^^RS. MARIA HALL, a resident of the jir\^'&%^ village of Chippewa Falls, is a na- tive of Northfield, Vermont, wliere she was born on the 16th of April, 1849. Her par- ents, Azro and Nancy Heath were natives of Vermont and New Hampshire. The parents were married at Northfield, Vermont, Feb- ruary 21, 1847. They lived in Vermont dur- ing their lives, with the exception of two years s])ent in New Hampshire, and both died in Vermont. The father died July 29, 1879, and the mother in April, 1881. They were cit- izens of the highest Christian character, and were held in high esteem in the community in which they lived, both being exemplary members of the^Iethodist Ejiiscopal Church. The parents had a, family of four children — Zenas, Maria, Lizzie and Edward. The first named died in infancy, and the rest are still living. Mrs. Hall was educated at Northfield, Ver- mont, and on the 11th of October, 1868. was married to Kendal Hall. Her husband was a son of Beijjamin Hall, and was born in August, 18-40, at Moretown, Vermont, where he was raised and educated. He was a farmer through life and died at his native town in 1876. His death resulted from heart disease, and took place while he was on a load of hay. By their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Hall became the parents of four children — George, Fred, Jessie and Josie. George died in infancy; Fred died in 1879, aged seven years; Jessie lives at home and Josie is in Vermont. In 1885 Mrs. Hall came to Pope county, Minnesota, and settled at the village of Chijtpewa Falls, whei'e she still lives. She is a lady of refine- ment, an active and zealous member of the Methodist Church and holds the respect and esteem of all. ^^EORGE FREDERICK, the subject of \^^ the present article, is a well known and highly respected farmer, residing on sec- tion 24, Reno township. He was born in Orange county, New York, January 30, 1849, and is a son of Francis and Jane (Rake) Frederick. The father was a native of Orange county. New York, while the mother was born in England, but was bi'ought to the ITnited States when only four years of age. They were married in New York State, and at an early day came to Minnesota, settling at Shakopee. St. Paul was a mere village at that early day. and tlie pioneers were obliged to undei'go many hardshi])s and disadvan- tages. The mother died when our subject was only eight years of age. The father was an active and {)rominent man in his day. Shortl}' after the war broke out he enlisted and went into the Union army, serving from 1862 until 1864, when he was honorably dis- charged. He is stiU living, being now blind, POPE COUNTY. MINNESOTA 355 and makes his home with his son, George. Tiie parents had a family of eleven children, seven of wiioni arc liviiiff, as follows — CTCorcrc, Elizabeth, Wilhnrt, Ilattic, Charles and Etiic. George Fredcriclc. wliosc name heads this article, spent his school days in I'lMiiisyl- vaniaand Shakopee, ^Minnesota, linishing his scliooling at the latter place when sixteen years of a<;e. lie then learned the trade of an engineer, and followed that occupation for about seven years, being employed prin- cipally in Todd and Pope counties. lie then settled in Keno township, Tope county, and since that time has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. i\rr. Frederick was married in ls74 to Miss Elizabeth Bryce, a native of Canada and a daughter of William Bryce. Their union has l)een blessed with five children — Francis, Ilattie, Emma, George and Jennie. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. In political matters Mr. Frederick supports the ])i'inciples and canditlates of the demo- cratic ])arty. lie liasaUvays taken an active interest in public matters and since 1884- has held the ottice of township treasurer. JTOHN C. STALKER, one of the thorough- f^ going and successful farmers of (ilen- wood to\vnshi]i, lives on a fine farm on sec- tion 6. He is a native of Madison county, New York, was born January 19, 1836. He is the son of James and Ann (Christa) Stalker, who were natives of Scotland. They came to Canada in 1835, and fri'ai>oleon Bona- parte, when only twelve years old; served with distinction for forty years; was pro- UKjted for gallantry to captain's rank, and was discharged as a pensioner. He gave his children all unusually good educations. The children all now remain in various occu- pations in the old fatherland. Daniel A. Bartke alone having wandered to the foreign shores of America. He huuleil at Oastle Garden August 22, 1856, and hired out to woi'k on the farm for Jacob Smith near Oyster Bay, about fortv miles from New York City, working there until Api-il 1, 1857. He then emigrated to St. Louis, Mis- souri, and hired as a clerk in a general mer- chandise establishment, and went to school, remaining there until 1S5!). He then emi- gi'ated to Wabasha county, ilinncsota. and engaged in farming, finally clerking in a store again for A. AV. Lathrop, at a place known as Watkins' Valley. Ho renuiined there until 1862. The American Civil War was then in full rage. His father was a soldier, all of his brothers then remaining in the old country were soldiers; the object of his coming to this country, single and alone, was to escape the militarv service. Here, without force or draft, he quit his peacealjle occupation, went down to Clayton county, Iowa, and August 16, 1SG2, enlisted as a ])rivate in Company E, Twenty-sev(!nth Iowa Infantry, for three years, or during the war. His military service began at Cam)) Franklin, Dubucpie, Iowa. The regi- ment was recruited in the Third Congi-es- sional District of Iowa. The field officers were: Colonel, James I. Gilbert; Lieuten- ant-Colonel, Jed Lake ; Major, George W. Howard. Company E. Officers: Captain, Thouuis G. Drips ; First Lieutenant. T. Al- len Olmsted ; Second Lieutenant, Samuel Benjamin. Muster and drill lasted until October, 1862, when the regiment received orders to report to Major General Pojie, at St. Paul, Minnesota, for duty ; reporting Oct- ober 11, 1862, went to camp at Fort Snell- ing, Minnesota. On October IT, 1862, Col- onel Gilbert, with six companies. A, B, C, E, F and G, moved out at once, made a rapid march in compliance with orders toward Millsac's, some 125 miles northwest, to superintend an Indian payment, leaving Major Howard in charge of the other four companies. The exi>edition was a hard one. There was a fonnation of ice on tlic Kuni 358 POPE COUXTY. iMINA'PSOTA. River, wliich tliey waded three times, nearly shoulder deep; returned to Fort Snelling November 4, lSfi2 ; found Major Howard witli his ti'oops gone in obedience of orders to Cairo, Illinois, where they followed him. A few days later, the command was ordei'ed to Memphis, Tennessee, where, on November 20, 18fi2, rei)orted to Major-General W. T. Sherman for (kity. Mr. Bartke furnishes us the following recital : November 25, 1862, we joined the army. Sherman's troops counted 60,000, and Grant's 80,000, all in one body, moving toward the enemy under Price and Pemberton, who were strongly entrenched on Tallahatchie Kiver, below "Waterford. Mississippi, our base of supplies being Holly Springs, Mississippi. Enemies seeing the Federals coming, right then and there ran for their lives toward Vicksburg, and left the Union men to guard the old fortifications, rail- roads, and everything else that they could not take along in such a luirry. The Twenty-sev- enth Iowa at the time, being armed with the old Prussian musket, therefore they received this post of honor. December 20, 1862, Yan Dorn captured and burned Holly Spiings, in close proximity to them, Init did not dare to attack ; the Union men ran after him but could not catch cavalry. The base of supplies being burnt, Grant and Sherman returned, and the regiment marched on the 30th of December, 1862, and reported to Colonel M. K. Lawler, commanding post at Jackson, Tennessee, remaining on forced march for three da3^s until joined by General Sullivan in the fight with the rebel, Forrest, at Lexington Cross Roads, Tennessee, where over 600 prisoners wei-e taken, and a forced march was kept up until reaching Clifton, on the Tennessee River, where Forrest, with the balance of his troops, escaped aci'oss the river. On this march the Aveather was very inclem- ent ; troops had no blankets ; there were no rations issued ; the roads were hori-ibly bad, and when the ti'oo])s returned to Jackson, Tennessee, they left the biggest grave-yard of their three years' service: here, for a lonof time, the surgeons' call was attended h\ more men than the dress parade. The regi- ment remained on jirovost guard duty until April, 1863, when it moved to Corinth, Mis- sissip])i, to hold that post during temporary absence of General Dodge's forces, returning to Jackson May 1. 1863; remained durinja: about one month guarding i-ailroads, for a long distance, and doing provost duty at Jackson, post bemg under command of James I. Gilbert. June 4, 1863 — regiment moved to LaG range, Tennessee, then to Moscow, Tennessee, where it again guarded the railroad for two and a half months. August 20, 1863 — regiment marched to Mem- phis, Tennessee; thence by trans])orts to Helena, Arkansas; thence August 28, 1863, to Clarendon ; thence to Brownsville, where it joined General Steel's forces, and participated in the capture of Little Rock, Arkansas, on September 10,1863. November 15— command moved to DuVall's Bluffs, thence by trans- ports to Memphis, Tennessee, reporting to Major-General S. A. Hurlbut, commanding Sixteenth Army Corps, and went into camp south of the city for guard and picket duty. Casualties of regiment for 1863: Loss by death, 64-: discharged for disability, 108; transferred to invalid corps, 16; deserters, 4, and picked up b\'-the road, 4 recruits. January 26, 1864 — moved b}^ transports to Vicksburg, Mississippi; was brigaded with Fourteenth and One Hundred and Thirt}'- second Iowa, Twenty-fourth Missouri and Third Indiana Battery, numbereil as Second Brigade, Third Division Sixteenth Army Corps. February' 3, 1864 — General Sher- man, in command Sixteenth and Sev- enteenth Army Corps, started his march to Meridian, Mississippi. Skirmishing was kept up from Big Black River clear up to Meridian, but no general engagement; went via Jackson, Mississippi; returned via Canton rOPE COUNTY, Mr.ViVF.SOTA 359 to Vicksburg, Mississippi, ilarch 4, 1864 — aftor few days rest Third Division, under comnittnd of A. J. Smith, moved by trans- ports to take part in the Red lliver expedition under General Banks. General Sniitli's com- mand reached Simms]iort, on tlie Atchafalaya River. March 12, lSt)4. Rebel General Scurry was entrenched at Fort Morgan with 1,500 men, wliom we drove out, enemy running to reinforce Fort De Russey, thirty mih's dis- J;ant, on the Retl River. On tiiis niarcli Twenty-seventh Iowa was in advance, skir- mishing tlie whole distance; arrived at the fort and stormed tiie most impregnable fort west of the Mississi[)pi River except Vicks- burg; capturetl 240 pi'isoners and twelve siege guns formerly belonging to United States shi])s,(^)ueen of the West and Indianola; moved witliout delaj- to Alexandria, Louisiana where they joined with General Banks' forces; command moved toward Shreveport, Louis- iana, by way Cotiie Landing, tigliting all the way; readied Grand Ecore, April 4, 1S64; gun- boats and transports were sent up the river, army moved. A]iril 5th, toward Pleasant llill. Louisiana, Tiiirteentli Armj- Cor[)s in ad- vance, then Nineteenth Army Corps, then the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, which moved on April 7, lStJ4. On Aj)ril Slh the struggles began; General Ranks met witii a serious repulse at Mansfield, liis lrooi)s were Heeing to the rear, and next mornint; Colonel Shaw, commanding our brigade, was ordered to tlie front; Ranks' troo])s were now I'ctiied and tiie enemy was advancing. Hardly had the troops g(jt into position when the enemy opened upon us the most bloody fight of the war. For seven lonely iiours the retriment and brigade were engaged with the enemy at close range ; and although our losses were enoinious, we (lid wliat Ma jor General Hurlbut gave us credit for: '"Rolled back the tide of dis- astrous l)attle on Pleasant Hill, and un- doubtedly saved Banks' army from a double defeat, if not from annihilation." In looking at that battle from a standpoint of actual ob- servation, it would seem that General Banks, alarmed at the disaster of the preceding day, had concluded that some portion of the arm}' must be sacrificed for the preservation of tiie remainder, and, the grim old Colonel Shaw, with his Iowa brigade, was selected as a victim. Yet the old Shaw, with a command of less than one tenth of the force in the field, met with fully one-half of the entii'e loss of tiie day — nearly one- third in killed antl wouiuled of hiscomiiKUui ; but he saved the army, gained the day, I victory was ours, covered the retreat of the wliole army that night and the next day to Grande Ecore. Command arrived at Alex- andria April 20, 1864. General Smith's forces covered the rear all the way. On the last day of April Colonel Shaw and General Mower moved out to Governor Moore's plantation, and was engaged with the enemy for ten consecutive days. May 13 — Alexandria was burned, including all the property in cotton and sugar accumulated by General Banks, the evacuation and retreat was successfully conducted down the river to Simmspoi't, the o-unboats having successfully crossed the rapids, with the exce])tion of "Eastport," I which was blown u]i. At Marksville the enemy ap])eared in force, and (juile an engage- ment foi' three hours ensued. The enemy were whi]iped and retreated ; regiment suf- fered no loss. On the l>^th day of May, 1864, the liattle of Bayou de (Jlaize or Yellow Bayou was fought. The regiment iiere was for five hours under heavy artillery and musketry fire ; our loss was not severe, yet i the victory was great, and proveti to be more com|)lete than was at that time supposed; many hundred prisonei's were taken, and rebel authorities afterward acknowledgeti that, in the numi)ei's engaged, it was tiie most severe defeat they had ever su.s- tained west of the Mississippi River. On 36o POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. the 19th clay of Miij% closed an expedition of five or six weeks' duration with scarcely a day where the roar of artillery and musketry was not heard. May 20 — Regiment em- barked on the transports toward Vicksburg, arriving there May 2ith. On June 4, 1864, regiment took part to dislodge the enemy from a strong position taken near Lake Chicot, Ai'kansas, wiiere lieavy batteries were planted, Idockading the Mississippi River. After marciiing through drenching rain, June Gth, the battle was fouglit, and enemy badly wiiipped, left us victorious on this occasion to everything they had here. The regi- ment then moved by transports to Memphis, Tennessee; rest for the weary was very much needed, but here there was no rest. On the 24th of June, 1864, the regiment joined in the Tupelo expedition, under brave Major-General A. J. Smith. It moved by cars to Moscow, thence marching to La Grange, Tennessee. On July 5th it set out on the march southward, with a general understanding tliat it was our task to meet, engage and whij) Forrest with his command, wiiicli I'ecently had become fluslied by the victory attained over Sturgis and his com- mantl but a few weeks previous. The men suffered much from the burning July sun, nevertheless the command made a good marcli, skii-misiiing witli the enemy almost continually after leaving Tallahatchie River, driving them to Pontotoc, when the com- mand rested one ilay. and then made a ra])id jnarch cast to Tupelo. On July 13th the enemy attacked us several times in front and ilank, but was nniformlj^ repulsed. On the night of the 13th the command received orders to camp in line of battle, and ever}'- tliing was put in readiness to receive the anticipated attack of the enemy in the morn- ing. General A. J. Smith maneuvered so that Forrest was obliged to come out of his str(jng fortiiication and fight him on his own chosen "i-round. The battle commenced 6 A. M. and lasted until noon, when the rebels gave way in confusion. ISTever, prob- ably, was there a greater disparity in killed and wounded upon an open fair field fight. Our loss was comparatively light, while the enemy, repulsed in several distinct chai-ges, left the ground litei'ally strewn with killed and wounded. The enemy then attempted a night attack, but were hanilsomely met and I'epulsed by the troops on the left. The regiment slept on their arms that night, and on the 15th marched to Old Town Creek, and when we were just commencing to get supper, the enemy opened a brisk fire upon us ; the regiment was or- dered on double quick in line. Colonel Gil- bert's brigade formed their line under heavy artillery and musketry fire, but we did do it in a hurry and moved forward splendidlj^ over two rail fences, through two deep muddy streams, and a skirt of thick brush- wood, when it came full upon the rebel line, a large cornfield intervening, the ground as- cending all the way toward the enemy. The order was now given to charge the enemy and fire advancing. The regiment opened a rapid fire, and pressed forward up the hill, yelling and tiring, rapidly neai'ing the rebel line, which finally broke, we j)ur- suing them. They attempted to make a sec- ond stantl in the timber some little distance in their rear. But, however, they were unable to resist our line, and finally gave way in confusion, leaving their ilead and most of their wounded in our hands and on the field. That afternoon was intensely hot, but the men behaved with woudei-ful endui'- ance, and most commendable gallantry. Again this night the regiment laid on their arms, then resumed march toward La Gi'ano'e, arriving- there Julv 21st, thence marched to Collierville and thence by cars to Memi)his, Tennessee, arriving July 23d, where we rested for a few days. On the 4th day of August the regiment marched to Oxiord, POPE COUXTY, MINNESOTA. 361 Mississippi, under General A. J. Smith, and had askinnisli with tlie enemy near Tallahat- chie Eiver without engagement; returned to Holly Springs, Mississippi, August 26th, thence to Memphis, Tennessee, .arriving Aug- ust 30, ISGJr, for a few days' rest. September 5, 1861 — The regiment moved by transport to Cairo, Illinois,thence to Jeffer- son barracks, Missouri, arriving Scpteml)er ItUh. September 25tli — Regiment moved to Mineral Point, Missouri, to meet the rebel forces advancing under Price. After some skirmisiiing at that place the regiment was ordered back to DeSoto, Missouri, and thence a£rain to Jefferson barracks, ^[issouri. Octo- ber 2nd — "With other forces, the regiment started out in pursuit of Price upon a forced march tiirough Kirkwood, Gray Summit. Union, Jefferson City, Otterville, Sedalia, Georgetown, Lexington and Independence, striking Kansas line at Little Santa Fe, and returned through Harrisonville, Pleasant llill, Lexington, Glasgow, Columbia, Waren- ton and St. Charles, arriving at St. Louis, Missouri, November 18th, ha\nng made a forced march of 700 miles in fort3'-seven days. November 25th — Eegiment again mov- ed under General xV. J. Smith to Cairo, Illinois, thence to Nashville, Tennessee, arriving No- ventberSOth. December 1st— Regiment was ordered to advance in line of l)attle three miles from the city, took position on the ex- treme left of the forces, and on the right under General A. J. Smith ; we i)uilt foi'tifi- cations, but did not use them. (General Hood knew better than to attack us there. De- cember 1.5th — General Thomas ordered ad- vance upon rebel fortilicalions. Genei'al A. J. Smith's forces were assigned the dut\' to_ make the real attack upon the rebels' left, which was most signally successful. The regiment here was a ])ivot of General Smith's advancing line, which swung around upon the enemy, doubling up the enemy's left flank and capturing every fortification in our front, with several lines of works, and several hundreds of prisoners. The men lay down for the night in line of battle, jubilant over the victory of the day, and eager to strike a finishing blow on the morrow ; regiment moved with the main advance line, on the morning of the 10th, and wei-e ver^' soon under a severe artillery fire direct from its front. This was a good test of its discipline, and it bore it admirably, advancing rapidly, but steadily, until ordered to halt within a few hundred \ards of the rebel batteries, then moving some distance by the right flank, where it held, for several hours, a position a few hun- dred 3'ards, in immediate front of the rebel fortified line, when Colonel Gilbert ordered his brigade forward, to charge the rebel works. The regiment sprang instantly to the deadly work, and none on that part of the line were sooner in the rebel intrench- ments; for this excellent conduct, besides good conduct on other fields of battle. Colonel James I. Gilbert, was pi-omoted Brigadier General. On the morning of the 17th of December the regiment marched without blankets or overcoats, in pursuit of the routed and demoralized enemy, passing through Columbia to Pulaski, thence via Lawrenceburg to Clifton, on the Tennessee River, arriving Januarv 2, 1865. This march was connected with many hardships, on ac- count of very bad weather, and no clothing and no rations, hunger and fatigue was our lot. January 4th — Per transports, we moved to Eastport, Mississippi, called by nickname the Camp of Starvation, remaining there until February S, 1865 ; madeareconnoissance to luka, Mississippi. February 9 — Regiment embarked on transports, toward New Orleans, thence, March 7th, across the Gulf to Dau- phins Island, Mobile Bay ; debarked March Sth, under command of General Canley. ilarch 20 — The regiment moved by trans- ports across the bay to Fish River, ascending 362 POPE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. there some twenty-five miles, then Sixteenth and Thirteenth Army Corps marched north to Sibley's Mill, skirmishing all the way as we advanced ; here the troops divided, part going to Forts Spanish and Allexis. Our regiment remained, holding the flank ap- proach to our army now investing those forts, until April 2nd, when it was sent with General Gilbert's brigade on a reconnoissance of effect! iiH' communication with General Steele, and investing Fort Blakeley. This march was very serious on account of the torpedoes ; General Gilbert and staff ex- ploded a sixty-four pound shell, killing two horses, and giving close call to themselves. The command with General Garrard's divi- sion, on the next day, moved up to the left of General Steele, who had commenced to be- siege the rebel works at Blakeley. The regi- ment took prominent part, and did excellent service in the skirmish and intrench line, wherein advances were made, saps dug during night and day under continuous tire from both artillery and musketry of the enemy, which lasted until April 9th, when the boldest, wildest and most successful charge of the war was made. General Gilbert's brigade captured eight pieces of heav\' artillery and 600 prisoners. General Garrard's division here captured t\vent\'-four pieces of heavy ar- tillery and 1,900 prisoners. General James I. Gilbert was again recommended for promo- tion, and our brigade was assigned the honor of garrisoning the fort. April 12th — We were relieved, and, with Sixteenth Army Corps, moved toward Montgomery, Alabama, a dis- tance of about 200 miles, which place was reached April 27th. During our three years' service we moved around, by various ways, 12,025 miles, and the regiment retained the glorious record that it has never been driven, has never turned its back upon the enemy or foe, and its colors have been unfurled before the en- emy at Little Rock and Lake Chicot Arkansas, at Fort De Eussey, Pleasant Hill, Cluteerville, INLarksville and Yellow Bayou, Louisiana, at Tupelo and Old Town Creek, Mississippi, at Nashville, Tennessee, and at Mohile defenses, Alabama, and at no time was furled until victory had perched upon our standard. So much for the regimental history where he participated in all of its marches and all of its hardships, in all of its glory and m all of its suffenngs, with the exception of a few weeks of sickness of chronic diarrhoea after return from the Red River expedition, and also of malarial disease at Montgomery, Al- bania. His special services with the regi- ment are as follows: I. Headquarters Twenty-seventh Iowa Ikfan- \ TRY Volunteers, Camp Franklin, \ September 8, 1862. \ special order no. 3. Private Daniel A. Bartke, Company E, Twent)'- seventh Iowa, is hereby detailed for duty as clerk at these headquarters, and will report immediately to Lieutenant E. A. Sherburn, acting adjutant. Twenty- seventh Iowa Volunteers. J.\.MES I. Gilbert, Colonel Commanding: E. A. Sherburn, Adjutant. II. Headquarters Second Brigade, 1 Third Division, Sixteenth Army (Jokps, K Alexandria, Louisiana April 29, 1864, ) SPECIAL ORDER NO. 8. Private Daniel A. Barktc, Company E, Twenty-sev- enth Iowa, is hereby detailed for duty as clerk at these headquarters, and will at once report to Cap- tain C. T. Granger, assistant acting adjutant-Gen- eral. By order of William T. Shaw, colonel command- ing brigade. C. T. Granger, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. III. Headquarters Second Division, ) Depart.ment Army- Tennessee, \ Nashville, Tennesse, December 2, 1804. ) SPECIAL ORDER NO. .55. Private Daniel A. Bartke, Company E, Twenty- seventh Iowa Infantry Volunteers, is hereby detailed as clerk for general coiirt m.irshal, and will forthwith report to Captain C. T. Granger, judge advocate, for duty. By order of Brigadier-General K. Garrard : J. B. Comstock, Major and Assistant Adjutant-General. rOPE COUNTY. MLV.VESOTA 3f>3 IV. Hkadquauters Second Brigade, Second ) Division, Sixtkentii Aumy Corps, V JIoNTGOMERY, ALABAMA, May 2, 1865. ) SPECIAL order no. 85. Private I). A. Rartke, Company E, Twenty-seventh Iowa, is liereby detailed as elerk for court marshal, and will forthwith report to Captain Harvey N. Brok- way. judge advocate, for duty. By order of Brigadier-General James I. Gilbert : Alheut C. Ripe, Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Division Commander. V. IlKAnQUARTERS SECOND BuKlADE, SECOND Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, MoNTGOiirERY, ALABAMA, June 7, 1865. special order no. 56. iii. Private Daniel A. Bartke. Company E, Twenty- seventh Iowa Infantry Volunteers, is hereby detailed for special duty as clerk at these headcjuarlers, and will report at once to Lieutenant W. G. Donuan, Assistant Acting Adjutant-General, for duty. By order of Brigadier-General James I. Gilbert: W. G. Donnan, Lieutenant and Assistant Acting Adjutant-General. The war being at an end, the enemy hav- ing surrendered unconditionally to the su- perior valor of Nortiiern arms, regiment liiially received the last marching orders to proceed to Clinton, Iowa, to be discharged and disbanded, which followed on the 8th day of August, 1S()5. Having returned now to civil life again he remained for nearh' a year in Iowa, taking rest, and recruiting his broken-down constitution. On October 2G, 1866, he finally landed at Glenwood, then a new town, in a new country on Minnesota frontiers, brinoino- alono- all of iiis saving-s, which amounted to about $1,600, investing the same in real estate, etc., in Glenwood, Pope county, !Minnesot;i; bought twenty-one lots, and Ijoiight a house 3Gx-10, two stories high ; had a drug store, with over $1,000 in- voice of goods in it ; was register of deeds for four years, and deputy register for one year and a half ; held other minor offices, such as assessor, for fivevears; justice of the peace, for four years. In the year 1875 a heavy misfortune visited him. by which, all told, he lost about $5,000, which broke iiim completely up, but, nevertheless, in asiiort time he got up; again bought land; raising stock and other speculations soon enabled him to comfortably support ids family. The family record is as follows : Daniel A. IJartke, born Augu.st 8, 1832; Mary Bartke, M'ife, born September 27, 1845, mar- ried, January 8, 1873 ; children — Emma Ilar- riette, born June 28, 1873; Lillie Pauline, born October 2, 1874; Rosie Marie, born July 7, 1876; Bertha Augusta, born August 1, 1881, and Frank August, born Aj)ril 23, 18S4. The children are all alive and healthy. As this biogra|ihical sketch is chiefly prepared for his children's future reference, therefore the lengthy history of his war record may be excused. '«-: ^ VON LILIENTHAL, the subject of this personal sketcli, was born April 15, 1825, in Prussia, Province of Pomerania near the Baltic Sea. lie was the son of Frederick and Mary Anna (Von Brisen) Lilien- tlitil. The father was an officer in the Prussiiin army, serving in military affairs from the time he was twelveyears of age, until he reached the age of sixty, devoting his whole life in the cause of his native land. His motlier died in 1842. Our subject remained in his fatherland until twenty-eight or thirty years of age, in the mean time receiving a hb- eral education, and was also the administrator of his father's estate. He landed in NewYork, March 5, 1852, finally settled atCalumet,Fond du Lac county, AVisconsin, clerking in a gen- eral store, until 1857, when he removed to Montello,Mar(piette county, Wisconsin, where he opened a general mcrchaiulisc store, operating the same two years ; then he re- moved to Harrisville, where he cno-ajjed in ■ CO the same business, remaining from 1857 until 1881, at which date he removed to Pope county, Minnesota, settling on section 2, Glenwood township. He wiw has 432 acres, 352 of which arc subdiieii to a hi£^°^ >st~ ,^~^4?-^^. 5^^^t<^ .jr^TZi-, f"^i®^-<. Cjl J fe 'I 4-1 'I' Stei EDS County MlJ^nKSOTTT I ^ r ^ # 1 3) r Cr~^(Pyrr'.(^^ ^"WM!^'/^ ■>>— ^ .^o 1D ESGR1PT1VE AND ^HISTORICAL STF.VFjVS cou.vtv. .wj.va-esota. 371 ^JiJ^^ -^-^r—^ =Jrp^rr^rr^rr^rr^r-^rprp^^^rprpr-JrpltpJrr^ \:±::M m Descriptive and Historical HgE5iSii^5Si^EEeFEEEHii!JE5iEHSEF [I T_L i '^" ^^ TEM':NS COrXTY. one of the most fertile and prosperous counties in ^[innesota, is located at the soutiiern extremity of the famous Ked River and I'arli regions. It lias the same invigoi'ating, clear and dry cli- mate so common to the State, and particularly characteristic of the Park Region. The county is bounded on the north by Grant county, on the east by Pope, on the south by Swift and Big Stone, and on the west b}' Big Stone and Ti-averse. It embi-aces an area of sixteen townsiiips, tech- nically known as townsiiips 12.'J, 124, 12."'> and 124U acres. The soil of the count\' is of inexhaustible fertility, and no county in the State lias been more al)undantly emlowed by nature, and fitted for the purposes of general farming and stock-raising. As a rule, the soil is a rich dark loam, underh'ing whicii is a subsoil of clay and gravel. The ; formation is peculiar, inasmuch as it absorbs and retains the moisture in sucii a manner j that it is especially successful in withstiinding the effects of either extreme drouth or exces- sive rainfall. It is well adapted to raising all the cereals common to this latitude, producing abundant crops of wheat, oats, barley, corn, hay, vegetables, etc., but the true wealth of the county lies in the abundance and the excellent quality of tiie wild grasses, which are wonderfully nutritious. The whole county is almost a natural meadow. Tame grasses, however, grow and thrive, and when sown at the proper time, will soon, without harrowing, crowd out the prau-ie grass. The reason for this is found in tlie fact that tame grasses produce an abundance of seed, while, with wild grass, the case is just the reveree. The surface of Stevens county is made up of rolling prairie, and the drainage is almost perfect. The Pomme de Terre River flows through the county from northeast to south- west, furnishing several water-power priv- ileges, some of which have been improved. The affluent creeks of this stream and tribu- tary lakes furnish an abundance of pure water for stock, and ample drainage for the land. There are many lakes scatteixxl over the surface of the county, whicli abound with fish, and hundreds of sportsmen yearly visit this region to fish, hunt, or " summer resort." 372 STEVF.VS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Stevens county was originally established or created by an act of the Legislature, passed or approved February 20, 18G2. Pre- vious to this time it had for j^ears, perhaps centuries, been a favorite hunting ground for the Indians. When the country was first settled by white men, it bore fresh and nu- merous signs of this. Elk, deer, and buffalo horns and bones were liberally strewn over the prairie, and there were also many signs of former Indian warfare and battle-grounds, for instance, an old decayed breastwork at Gager's Station, one on an island in a lake near Donnelh^ and a half circle of dig- oino-s or holes on sections IS and 20, in what is now Framnas township. Besides having been a favorite resort of the Indians, this I'egion was trod by the foot of white men many years before the advent of an actual settler. Wluit is now Stevens county was in an almost direct line between tlie famous Selkirk Eed Eiver settlement and the posts on the Mississippi Rivei", and the old trail passed through this county. It is therefore safe to say, that for many years Stevens county was often visited by the whites before the first settlement. It is im- possible to say with any degree of cer- tainty whether or not there was an actual settlement effected within the limits of the county before the days of the Indian massacre of 1862. It would not seem im- probable, when it is remembered, that in 1856 to 1860, there was a wonderful tide of im- migration pushing beyond the line of the " Big Woods," and on toward the western line of the State. And it is certain, tluit during these years every county which adjoins Stevens, received one or more actual settlers. AVhether Stevens county received a settler or not, however, cannot now l)e decided, and the question must forever remain shrouded in the mist of years. The outbreak of the Sioux Indians, which began in August, 1862, retarded seriously the growth and de- velopment of the western part of Minnesota, and for many montlis the red fiends car- ried on a carnival of bloodshed over the western prairies, massacreing the defenceless settlers, and burning and destroying every- thing perishable. All travel was completely sto]iped, and this ]iortion of the State was en- tirely depopulated, ilinnesota suffered a set- back from which it took years to recover. After the inauguration of this terrible and fiendisli warfare, the western frontier line re- ceded eastward, and Stevens county was again left in the midst of the Indian hostile country, and for many months no white man trod its soil. After the settlements in the eastern part of the State had partially recovered from the first rude shock of the Indian out- break, wliicli fell like a tiiunderbolt from a clear sky, steps were at once taken to de- fend the exposed settlements, to conc{uer the redskins, and drive them back. At that time the Civil War was in progress and a majority of the able-bodied settlers were in the South fighting- for the flag: and the Union. It therefore required some time to muster troops and place theni in ad- vantagecjus positions to cope with the wily red foe, and in the mean time the Indians carried on their brutal warfare, murdering men, women and children, and burning as they went. After considerable delay the Indians were driven back, soldiers were placed all through this western country, and the prairies were constantly patrolled by the companies of brave soldiers who were de- tailed for this service. In time the redskins were subdued, although for a number of years the settlers on the extreme frontier lived in a constant state of fear and anxiety, not knowing at what time the masacre might break out afresh. Through these causes, soldiers were kej^t on the frontier for some time, and Stevens county was often visited and used as a camping ground b}^ them ; manv of these soldiers afterward found STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 373 homes liere, not a few having selected their claims while here in the service. Wlien peace was again established on the border, travel between the settlements on tiie Red River posts was again resiiniod. and the line of tlie frontier moved westward very I'apidl}'. Tlu' old stMgc line, or regularly traveled "trail,'" passetl through Stevens county, and this fact greatly accelerated th(^ early settlc- nuMit and development of the t'ounty. A sta- tion was established on this trail, known as Gager's Station, which became a "sort of" heaquarters for the county, and which was afterward made the temporary county seat. This was iirst located where Stone's River-- side Alill is now situated, but in 1867 it was removed to what is now Charles Winter- mute's farm, where Henry Gagcr at that time opened a farm. The first settlement of the count}', of which we now have any authentic knowledge, was made in 1866. The po])ulation grew rapidly with each year, during 1867, 1808, 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872. The St. Paul & Pacific Railway was com])leted to the pi-es- ent site of Moi'i'is and trains I'unning in August, 1871. and this gave great im[)etusto the immigration. The county was organized, and the county seat located at Morris. The settlement grew very ra])idly, business houses si)rang up, ami a village was laid out at Mor- ris ; a village was also platted and .started un- der the name of Hancock, which has grown to be an important point. Substantial farms were opened all over the count}', tasty and comfortal)le dwellings, churches and school houses soon dotted the prairie in all direc- tions, and the waving fields of golden grain bespoke ihe wonderful prosperity' Avhich pre- vailed. The financial i)anic of 1873, caused a slight depression here, but as the settle- ment was so new, and was made up of an excellent class of men, the drawback was not a serious one. The yield of crops was enormous, and the prospects were so flatter- ing that a majority of the farmers in pre- paring for more convenient aiui extensive operations, incurred indebteihiess which tliev otherwise would have refrained from, and they thereby made an unforeseen calamitv harder to bear. Thus in the midst of pres- ent prosperity, and the most flattering- prospects for the futui'e, the grasshopi)ers swarmed down upon the crops of the set- tlers, annihilating and destroying almost every vestige of the growing crops, and leav- ing the fanners almost destitute. This began in 1875, and continued for three years, prov- ing almost as disastrous a setback to the country as did the Indian massacre. Times were very hard during those daj's. Unable to draw support and sustenance from the soil, many of the settlers left, while others, unable or unwilling to leave and abandon their claims, engaged in trapping, and it can be truthfully said that for several years " fur was legal tender" in tiiis region. Money was very scarce. There \vas no sale for property, and after the first b!ow fell, the only sale for land was in mortgaging it to Eastern capitalists, and nearly all of the East- ern money was withdrawn after the first year. But finally, the grasshoppers left or ceased coming, and again Stevens county i-esumed its onward uuirch towartl settlement anil development. jS^othing has since occurred to seriously interrupt its progress and the county is to-iiay one of the most prosperous and promising in the western part of the State. Contemplate the changes that liave been made here, and one cannot but .vonder at the marvelous results that have been accomj)- lished within the past twent^'-two yeai-s. Turn back, as it were, the leaves of Time's great book to a period only a (piarter of a century ago, and what a contrast ! Then all was as nature had formed it, the broad and rolling i)rairies were as magnilicenl then as now ; in summer a ]>erfect pai-adise of ver- 374 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. dure, with its variegated hues of flowers and vegetation ; in winter a snow-mantled des- ert ; selected as a camping ground by the Sioux, with that wonderful appreciation of tiie beautiful which nature lias made an in- stinct in the savage. Not a sign of habita- tion or civilization existed ; it was the home of the red man, and the freedom of bird and beast reigned suj)reme. To-day, what a con- trast ! Cities and villages have sprung up as if by magic ; civilization and progress are apparent on every hand ; comfortable and substantial (Iwellings iiave sprung uj) all over the former barren ])raii-ie; and the result is a prosperous land, tilled with an enterpris- ing, intelligent people, dotted with schools and churches; and the iron horse, swifter than the nimble deer, treads the pathway so recently the trail of the red man. The early settlers here experienced many hardships and disadvantages, but as a rule, those who have remained here since early days, have been repaid for their enterprise, industry and tenacity, and are, to-day, in good circumstances, having comfortable homes, and the abundance of stock manifests the successful results of their management. No portion of the State is better adapted to stock-raising and general farming, and the intelligent class of farmers who have located here devote much of their attention to these lines, a Ih ;ii wlieat-raisino- as vet is the leading occupation of the husbandman. The following is a list of a great many of the PIONEERS of Stevens county — Charles Olson, Lewis L. Ilegland, Hans Gudvangen, Christian Jacobson, Peter Bjork, Thomas Osten- son Hagen, Mons Johnson, John AVhip- ple, Lars II. Ilanse, Hans Hanse, Erick Erlandson, Thomas Tliomasson, Lewis Baker, Ole Mikkelson, PhilJiii Frisbey, Henry Gag- er, Jacob Baker, Ole Melland, William Perry, Henry Foss, Warner Brothers, Matt Diedrich, Abraham Lee, K. M. Richardson, Henry Baldwin, John Folsom, William Mc- Pherson, John Harrington, Albert Movine, Christian Gaarder, Herman Winter, J. D. Good, John Backius, Peter Peterson. George Hanson, Archibald Young, Mr. Shalmaik Sr., Herman Zahl and brothers, O. C. Han- son, William Wunsch, Michael Galvin, Hans Anderson, Osten Thomps(^n. Job Smith, Nels Olson, Lewis Baker, Albert Barse, E. M. Owens, O. S. and Noah M. Freeman, Steph- en AVheeler, Ole Clementson, J. Owen, Wil- liam McPherson. There were nndoubtedly many others wlio came as early as parties who have been named, but it is impossible to obtain a com- plete list. In the biographical department of this work will be found per.sonai leminis- cences of many of these and other pioneers, besides the biographies of hundreds of the most prominent settlers of more recent 3'ears. The first postoffice in the count}' was established, December 3, 1867, under the name of "Scandia." and Thomas Thomass(ni was tlie first postmaster. The lirst general election in the county was iield in 1S08 at Gag'er's station. Al.)out twentv-live legal votes were polled and the returns were made to Pope county, to which Stevens was at- tached for civil and judicial purposes. The first legally surveyed roail through the coun- ty was a State road, since vacated, extending from Glenwooil via Gagers Station to Brown's Valley. The first store, worthy of that name, in the county, was established by Henry Baldwin, at Gager's Station, although Henr\' Gager had previously kept a small trading post there. Mr. Baldwin had brought the goods from Forest City. The first grop shop in the comity was started and kept by a Swede at Gager's Crossing, the outfit consistins: of a keg of whiskev and a glass — minus shanty or tent. The first birth occurred in September, 1867, when Helena Hesfland first saw the light. The fibrst STKVKNS COUXrV. MINNESOTA. 375 death was of a child of Erick Erfandson, and the fii-st baptized were Helena Ilegland and Josephine Thoniasson. The first religious services Avere held by Eev. Beckniann, of the Swedish Augiistana S3'nod, of Illinois. The first mill site located was by Albert Movins. The first to prove up a claim was Peter Bjork. He built the first house " over the ground," a log cabin. The first shingled i-oof was that which covered Scandia pf)stoflice. The first frame building in the county was erected by Thomas Thomasson for J. D. Good, on the latter's farm. The first wheat was raised by Lewis L. Ilegland, who in threshing had the grain trodden out on the srround bv oxen; he also brouijht the first load of grain to the mill and market. The first i)iece of machinery, a mower, was brought here by John "Whijiple and Lewis Baker, for the Gager farm; and the first reaper was brought here by Lewis L. Heg- land. The lirst threshing machine was brought here and operated by tlie Warner brothers. Signs of some very old surveys were found in the early days of the settlement, and also well preserved stjUces of the first ])roposed location of the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad, made, long before the Indian outbreak, by a party, consisting principally of English cap- italists, who went through the Red River Valley. The first Government survey in Stevens county was made by George B. Wright, of Minneapolis, m 1866, and em- braced range 41. The following year the southwestern part of the county was sur- veyed. The remainder or western portion was surveyed in 1868, by General T. U. Barrett, who at that time selected a place for his future home. In the early days of the settlement there were many Indians and half-breeds in this region, and they would frequently call at the cabins of the pioneei"S for provisions. An en- gagement between a party of Sioux and Chip- pewa Indians took place in the spring of 1868 on the prairie north of what was afterward the Dr. Ileenan farm, aiul it is claimed that several were slain and buried. Just previous, and what probablj' caused this engagement, the same band of Chippewas had killed a squaw of their own tribe, who had married a Sioux brave some time before. The kill- ing of the squaw took place near the lower crossing at Stone's Mill. News having been sent to St. Paul of hostile fratherintrs in Dakota Territory, and tiie authorities fear- ing another attack upon the few and scat- tered settlers along this western edge of civili- zation, Governor Austin sent out his secre- tary of State, Hans ^Nlattson, with a good suj)ply of rifles and amnumition for the i)ur- pose of organizing State militia. Stevens county was designed for Company II, First Regiment, and John Folsom was ai)poiuted captain; Thomas Thonuisson, first, -and Henry Foss, second lieutenants. Companies of soldiers exchanging stations, and military wagon trains passing through the settlement very often, made the settlei"s feel more at ease, and no more uneasiness for their safety was felt until the big scare in 1874, but this soon passed off, and since that time all has been peaceful and uneventful. In the first years of the settlement, bufl'alo were seen east of the Pomme de Terre River; elk, deer and lynx were numerous, beai' w;is also seen at a few places. Large eagles' nests then adorned most of the larger trees around the lake shores; cormorant, swan, pelicans, and lesser game resorted regularly at the larger lakes. The first term of court in Stevens county was held at Morris, beginning on the ITth of June, 1873. Honorable James JI. McKeIvy was judge; Henry Baldwin, clerk, and Wil- liam Dragoo, sheriff. Prior to its organization the teiritory now included in Stevens county was attacheil to Po|)e county for official purposes. As it was 376 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. established or created in 1862, its boundaries were arranged very raucli at variance with what we find them to-day. In 1866 the boundaries were chano^ed. According- to this arrangement the county was long and nar- row, and embraced eighteen congressional townships, as follows: The southeast corner of the county was at the southeast corner of the town of Framnas ; the southwest corner at the southwest corner of the town of Pep- perton (three townships wide), and it ran north, six tiers of townsliips, to the north boundary line of Grant county. Tlie Ijalance of the county, lying south of the township line running through the village of Morris, formed a part of what was then known as Lac-qui-parle county. In 1868 an act was passed by the Legislature re-ari-anging county lines, which established the boundaries of Stevens county as we find them to-da}^ em- bracing sixteen congressional townships. The county was named in honor of Colonel Stevens, of Minneapolis, a prominent man in the State in pioneer times. During the summer of 1869 a few of the settlers began agitating the matter of effect ing a county organization, antl tlie re|)re sentative from Pope and Douglas counties was a[)plied to, to attend to the necessary preliminaries. In the fall the Governor ap- pomted Job Smith, Charles Olson and O. S. Freenum as the first county commissioners of Stevens county, and authorized them to take the necessary steps toward effecting a county organization. The countv seat was located temporarily at Gager's Station. This board of commissioners only held one meet- ing, at which they formed the county into an election precinct. No steps were taken toward perfecting the organization of the county, and no record of their meeting, nor even of their appointment has been preserved. Thus, the matter dropped, and nothing fur- ther was done until 1871, when the matter was again taken up and the organization was completed, andthe official wheels of Stevens county were set in motion. In the fall of that 3'ear J. T. Avery and J. D. Good were ap- pointed county commissioners. The first meeting of this board was held on the 5th of October, 1871, when J. T. Avery was chosen chairman and R. ]\I. Richardson, clerk of the board. The board then appointed county officers, to serve until their successors were elected and qualified, as follows — E. M. Rich- ardson, register of deeds ; M. L. Toi'pej^, county auditor ; Henry Baldwin, treasurer; and William Dragoo, sheriff. The clerk was directed to issue notices for a general election to be held that fall, and then the board adjourned. It seems that some- thing was irregular in the organization of the county, for, in 1872, we find that the Legis- lature was applied to and passed an act legal- izing the organization of Stevens countv as effected. Tiie county seat was located at Morris at the time the second board of county commissioners were appointed, in 1871, and has always remained at that point. Since its organization the history of Stevens county, in an official sense, has been unevent- ful. Without an exception the county offices have alwaj'S been filled by capable and effi- cient men, and the finances of the county have been well managed. The following is a list of the gentlemen Avho have composed the board of COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, since the organization of the county, so far as is disclosed by tlie records: 1869— Charles Olson, Job Smith and O. S. Freeman. 1871 — J. T. Avery, chairman, and J. D. Good. 1872— J. R. Folsom, chairman; J. D. Good and Henry Foss. 1873 — John D. Good, chairman; Henry Foss and Charles AV^intermute. STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 377 1874 — John D. Good, chairman; Henry Foss and Joel B. Smith. 1875 — Charles Wintermute, chairman; IIenr\^ Foss and W. W. (Triswokl. 1876 — Charles yfmtQvmwiQ, chairman; A. J. Comstock and Thomas Tliomasson. 1877 — Charles Wintermute, chairman; A. J. Comstock and Thomas Thomasson. 1878 — A. J. Comstock, chairman; R. J. Hall and Thomas Thomasson. 1879 — A. J. Comstock, chairman; It. J. Hall and Ole A. J5akke. 1880 — R. J. Hall, chairman; A. J. Com- stock and Ole A. Bakke. 1881 — A.J. Comstock, chairman; Ole A. Bakke and Edward A. Dopkins. 1882 — L. L. Hegland, chah-man; K. C. llelgesen and Henry Hutchins. 1883 — A.H. Taise}', chairman; L. L. Heg- land, M. Finnegan, K. C. Helgeson and Henry Hutchins. 188-1 — Henry llulcliins, chairman; L. L. Hegland, K. C. Helgeson, R. J. Hall and M. Finnegan. 1885 — Henry Hutchins, chairman; R. J. Hall, L. L. Hegland, M. Finnegan, and B. B. McArthur. 1886 — R. J. Hall, chairman; Henry Hutchins, M. Finnegan, Theodore Linstad, and B. B. McArthur. 1887 — L. H. Pushor, chairman; Henr}^ Hutchins. George C. Thorpe, O. N. Dohlen and John C. Hancock. 1888 — George C. Thorpe, of Hancock, chairman; L. H. Pushor, of ^Morris; O. N. Holilen, of Swan Lake townsiiip ; Henry Hutchins, of Morris, and John ('. Hancock, of Scott townsiiip. The following is a list of the gentlemen who have filled the various COUNTY OFFICES .since Stevens county was organized, viz. : CoLxrv Auditor. — i\I. L. Torpey, W. W. Griswold, Thonuis E. Heenan and George M. Giltinan. County Treasurer. — Henry Baldwin, Samuel Larson, Hugh Whiteley, J. E. Fav- row and K. C. Helgeson. Register of Deeds.— R. M. Richardson, John G. Sundell, M. L. Torpey, R. Isl. Rich- ardson, J. L. Miller and L. H. Wellington. Ci.EKK OF CouKT. — Jauics T. Avery, Henry Baldwin and Samuel Larson. SuERiKF. — William Dragoo, Jose])li C. Rue, H. T. Lovctt, John Laudl^erg, C. P. Magin- nis and George H. Munro. SUJ-EKINTENDENT OK ScHOOLS.^ — R. M. Ricll- ardson, A. J. Comstock, J. A. Johnson and W. C. Bicknell. JiDGE OF Probate. — R. M. Richanlson, L. E. Pearce, Hezekiah Bragg, John A. Gilti- nan and George E. Darling. County Attorney. — Addison V. Teeple, George A. J. Overton, H. T. Bevans, C. L. Brown and S. A. Flaherty. Coroner. — Smitii P. Scotield and Dr. Hul- burd. Surveyor.- — A. V. Teeiile, I). T. AViieatun, J. P. IL Morris and D. T. Wheaton. Court CoirMissioNER. — H. B. WoKf. Fritz Buckentin and AV. L. Coh^er. An imposing and substantial court house and jail was ereotetl in 1SS2 at a cost of about $22,(100, which is a credit to the county. The following is a list of the present OFFICEKS of Stevens county, viz.: — George M. Giltinan, auditor; L. 11. Wellington, register of deeds; Samuel Lai-son, clerk of court; K. C. Hel- geson, treasurer; George H. Munro, sheriff ; George IE. J)iirVing,jud(/e of prolate ; W. 0. Bicknell, count;/ superintendent ; S. A. Fla- liertj'^, county attorney ; W. L. Colyer, court commissioner; Dr. L. IL Hulburd, coroner ; and D. T. AVheaton, surveyor. Stevens county has railway and marketing facilities which are not excelled by any count}' in the western portion of tiie State. The St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Rail- way passes through the county from south- 378 STEVFNS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. east to northwest, while the terminus of a branch of the Northern Pacific Railway is at Morris, from which place it makes direct connection with Duluth. The Manitoba Railway also has a branch extending from Morris to Brown's Vallej'. These two — the Manitoba and Northern Pacific- — are the leading thoroughfares of traffic in the Northwest, and give Stevens county excel- lent shipping facilities. The county is divided into sixteen TOWNSHIPS, which are named as tion of the various given, from the school Baker 89 I Donnelly 236 | Framnas 2o7 Hodges 221 | Synnes 122 | Morris 237 | Pepperton 138 I Swan Lake 327 I Stevens 104 I follows — the popula- townships also being- census of 1885, viz.: Darnen 2S0 Kldorado 100 Hancock Village 202 Horton 144 Moore 160 Morris Village 1280 Rendsville 258 Scott 239 Potsdam 81 According to the census of 1885, the county had a total pojnilation of 4,511. It can now be safely placed at between 7,000 and 8,000. THE VILLAGES of Stevens county are Morris, Hancock and Donnelly. MoKuis — the count\' seat — was platted bj' the St. Paul & Pacific Railway Companv, in April, 1871, the original town site being- located on section 3, township 124, range 42; and section 35, township 125, range 42. Since that time additions have been laid out at different times by the following par- ties: The Railway Company, Mary Ellen Mori'is, C. W. Rohne, Watson & Leonard, A. A. Stone, AVilliam Dragoo and D. R. Sutherland. The village has an excellent location, and no point in Western Minnesota has brighter prospects for the future. Sur- rounded by a wealthy and prosperous farm- ing country, it is assured a steady iind ever- increasing trade, while its ship[)ing facilities are unexcelled. Being at the junction of the two trunk lines of railway of the Northwest, it is afforded marketing facilities, which make it a very advantageous point for manufactur- ing industries. The river furnishes a sjood water power, which has alread}' been im- proved. The village is well laid out and the place is adorned and beautified with an abundance of shade trees. Educational facil- ities here are unsurpassed in this part of the State, and the society is of the most desira- ble character. The village has never had a boom, but rather a steady, healthy growth. All lines of business are well represented here, although not overdone, and the place justl}' hastlie i-eputation of being- one of the most enterprising cities in the State. Morris has a population of about 1,000 at this writ- ing. Hancock — the second town in size and im- portance in Stevens county — is located in the southeastern part of the county, on the Manitoba Railroad. It was laid out by the St. Paul &: Pacific Railway Company, in November, 1872, the original town site being located on section 3, township 123. range 41. Two additions have since been made, one by T. P. Kerr, in December, 1879, and one by A. J. Comstock, in January, 1880. The village has a population of about 400, and the various lines of trade are well represent- ed. No town in this part of the State has a more intelligent, enterprising and thorough class of business men, and every enterprise calculated to benefit tiieir locality receives hearty aid and encouragement, and this spirit has already done much toward the development of Hancock anil vicinity. The village lias an extensive trade and has a rich country tributaiy to it, so that its future success and prosjierity seem assured. Donnelly. — Tiiis is the name of a small village, located on the Manitoba Railway, in the northern part of Stevens county. It has a population of about 100. 'i^/ 'i\^ y r, T ^J >7^»'f.Pn-^'^^,,~ K-jM^ '•= -< ?i' Biographical f ^ — -_ - )v r 1 \^ STEl-ENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 3S1 - aitt(iiiFFr>icHii , ^ f HARLES PATRICK MAGINNlS.was horn in Wayne cuunty, Kew Yoi-k, in IS-iO, and is tlie olilest son of Patrick and Winefred Maginnis. Wlien lie was six years okl his fatlier moved westward and settled on a farm near Med Wing, Good- hue county, Minnesota, before the JS^orth Star State had yet been admitted to state- hood. On the last day of the year lS6i> he married Miss Bridget Gaffney. Pie lived on the old liomestead with his i)arents until 1871. In that year he purchased a farm adjoining his father's, which he resided upon and cultivated until the year 1877, when he sold out and came farther west. In com- pany with his brother John, he purchased and opened a farm of 1,200 acres in the town of Morris, Stevens county, which they culti- vated together for a time, when a division was made. lie followed the occupation of farming until 1880. in the fall of which year he was elected sheriff of Stevens county, on the democratic ticket over two competitors. That as a public officer he gave entire satis- faction was shown by his re-election to the same position in 1882, by a very large ma- jority. Asan officer he never shirked a duty, and as a man of indomitable courage, cool judgment and good sense he has by his dar- ing acts on several occasions during his career made himself widely known. It was during his second term, that, by his timely interference at the memorable convention during the campaign that gave to tJiis great congressional district the nanu; of the " Bloody Fifth," that what threatened to be a bloody riot Ijetween the warring Kin- dred and Nelson factions was happily averted, and for this act he was afterward sincerely thanked by the })rincipals on both sides. Defeated for sheriff b}- a snudl ma- jority in the presidential year of 1884, he en- gaged in the business of sellin"; farm machine- rj'. He built and, in connection with the machinery business, operated the Farmers' Elevator in Morris for two years, or until the time of his appointment by President Cleveland as receiver of public monej's at Duluth. While a resident of Stevens county, he was always actively interested in all ])ublic measures,and was a leading factor in the coun- ty's progress. He favored the building of the Little Falls & Dakota Hail way, and after- ward advocated settling the bonds with the Xorthern Pacific Kailway Company in a fair and honorable way. The building of the fine public buildings — court and school houses — was due in a great measure to his influence. As noted, to his popularity may be attrib- uted his several political victories, for this has always been a strong republican county. In 1887, although again leading the side of 382 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. the minoritv, he was elected mayor of Mor- ris, in which position he was serving when appointed to the Duluth land office. He is a man of strictly temperate habits, a Friend of Temperance, and has done much for total abstinence among the Irish people. Dur- ing the month of October, 1886, he made himself famous by his conduct at the terrible wreck on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad at Rio, Wisconsin.' He was a passenger on that ill-fated train, and it was he who, in resjionse to the cry of the impris- oned mother, •' Take ray children, I am hurt and cannot get out," rescued from the flames the two Scherer ciiildren of Winona; whose mother and gramlmotlier were victims to this terrible I'ailroad holocaust. For his bravery and valiant services he was com])li- mented by his fellow passengers, and by the press of the State, and he takes great pride in a gold watch, now worn by him, presented by the railroad company as a testimonial of his work at the wreck. Mr. Maginnis is at present a resident of Duluth. He is an eai'nest advocate of tariff reform. liTNUTE C. HELGESON, the present JM\^ county treasurer of Stevens county, is one of the most prominent and influential citizens of the county. He is the senior member of the lirni of Helgeson & Wilcox, the heaviest merchants at Hancock, where he lives, and he has for a number of years been among the most iirominent characters m the business antl otticial history' of the county. A man of the strictest integrity, and a careful business man, his word is rec- ognized as being as good as a bond. Mr. Helgeson was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, on the 2nd of November, 1849, and is a son of Kilbourn and Mary (Knutson) Helgeson. His parents were na- tives of Norway, but came to the United States about 1838, and settled in Wisconsin. Thej^ still live near Waupun, in that State. The parents had a family of seven children, five boys and two girls, all of whom are still liv- ing, as follows — Harry, Henry, Knute, An- drew, Mary, Charles and Tilla. The last named was educated at the normal schools of Wisconsin and Minnesota, and for the past two years has been a teacher in the High School at Hancock. Knute C. Helgeson, our present subject, spent his bo3'hood days and received his earlier education in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin. He received an excellent educa- tion, taking a thorough course at the Wis- consin State University, and supplementing this bv a course at the Lutheran College, at Decorah, Iowa. After finishing his educa- tion he taught school for four months, and then came to Benson, Minnesota, and re- mained there for two years, ensragcd as a clerk in a general merchandise store. He then went to Alexandria, where he was em- ployed as clerk for one year, and at the ex- piration of that time went to Montevideo, Chippewa county, where he was engaged at clerking for another yeai'. In 1875 he came to Hancock, Stevens county, and in company with AVoltf it AVells, engaged in the hard- ware, lumber and general merchandise trade at Hancock, under the liiun name of Wells, Helgeson & Company. In 1876, our subject, in company with Frank Wilcox, bought out the old firm, and the business has since been carried on under the name and style of Hel- geson it Wilcox. They carry a large stock of everything pertaining to their line, and are the heaviest merchants in the village. In other directions Mr. Helgeson has exten- sive property interests in the village and vi- cinity, and owns over 500 acres of land in adjoining townships. In ])olitical matters he is a staunch repub- lican, and takes an active intei'est in all mat- STEVIiAS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 383 ters of a public nature. In the spring of 1SS7, he was appointed county treasurer of Stevens county, and still iiolds that office. \\g has held various local offices, having at various times been a nieniher of the school board, the village council, president of the council, etc. Ml', llelgeson was married on the lOth of September, 1S79, to Miss Letta Sylvester, and they are the parents of foui- children — Mabel L., Clifford W., Edith M. and David. Mrs. Helgeson is also a native of "Wisconsin, having been born in Dane county. She is a daughter of Lars Sylvester. -^-*>-!€^-*-— ^ M, RCHiE YOUNG, a highly respected jL-^'~Jl anil well-to-do farmer of section "^2, Rendsville township, is the son of James D. and Jane (Reid) Young, both natives of Scot- land. Their son Aicbie, however, was born at Enniskillen, Canada West, April 1, 1843. He is one of the leading and rejiresentative men of his township. He was among the ])ioneer liand which Hist settled and organ- ized llendsville township, the same being ac- complished, March 28, 1S7S, naming it in honor of his wife, Lorenda, but Avho ahvays went by the name of "llend " — hence the township was called lvends\"ille. He was reared on his father's farm until twenty-two years of age. He then moved to Michigan, and there followed lumbering for one year. He then came to the wild pineries, of AVis- eonsin and remamed one year, working at lumbering. In the month of July, ISfSfi, he came to Rochester, Minnesota, where he worked at harvesting, following up thegi'ain as it ripened, ffoing northward. He tlicn went on the line of tlie Sr. Raul *.t Pacific Railroad, clearing out the line and cho|)ping cord wood. In tiie foilowiii';' Marcii lie and two sotin;;- ladies (_one now his wife) accompanied the farmer and his man witli whom they board- ed onto a marsh for hay. He accidentally fell upon a hay -knife, cutting a fearful gash, severing the arteiy of his left wrist. Miss Moses took off her aj)i'on and witii his fu- ture wife corded his arm — one taking hold of each end. At the stoppage of the blood, he fainted, and again he fell upon the hay- knife, this time cutting a severe wound in his hi]), which disabled him until July, 18G7. During this time he explored ilecker and Kandiyohi counties, in search of land, but the whole country seemed so extensive and open that he could not well select a ])lace. At that time, he stopped with old Joe Kelly, on Diamond Lake. July 1, of the same year, he went to Minneapolis, and from there he went to Illinois, harvesting on his way back. He was married, November 2.5, lSf>7, to Lorenda Elvira Shaw, of Independence, Hennepin county, Minnesota. She is the daughter of Timothy 1). and Ruth (Reiil) Shaw, who were old settlei's of Henne])in county, Minnesota. Both families are now living in Delano, Wi'ight count}'. The wife Avas a native of Canada, and taught school before marriage. She was born November 1, 1838, coming to the United States with her parents at the age of nineteen. They came to this county in 1S57. Tiie subject and his wife were married at Minneajiolis and went to Missouri, where they both got sick and returned by the first boat to Minne- sota, settling at Independence, where they farmed for two years. May 3, 1870, they removed from Hennepin county to Stevens county, arriving May 9. They made a pre- emption on the southwest (piarter of section 22, township 12ti, range 42, Rendsville town- ship, which claim was changed to a home- stead, and here they have lived ever since. Our subject also took a ti-ee claim on the southeast quarter of the same section, which he still retains. Their family consists of four children, all now at home — Lorenda 384 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Jane, born September 9, 1868, in Hennepin county, who is now teaching in her lather's district; Ellen PaUh was born in Rendsville townsliip, September 15, 1871; she was the first ciiild l)orn in tlie township; Archie Henry was born October 5, 1873, and is now a great help to his parents ; James Francis was born February 3, 1877; he is now at sciiool. The farm house and iiome of our subject is situ- ated on the bank of Young's Lake, in a nat- ural grove, enlarged and made more beauti- ful by the many trees of artificial planting. Mrs. Young remained on this homestead f(^r eleven months without seeing a woman. Mr. Young has been town clerk since the or- ganization of the township and school clerk since the district was organized in Septem- ber, 1S7C. He is a member of the Congre- gational Cimrch, and in his political opinions IS a democrat and a firm believer in prohibi- tion. In June, 1877, a frontier union Sun- day school was organized in school district No. 7, and our worthy subject has been its efficient superintendent a great part of the time since. -«-- ^ARS G. NOBEL, the ])resent town clerk of Framnas townshiji, and an intelligent and prominent farmer of that precinct, is a native of Norway. He was born September 22, 1852, and is the son of Lars G. and Thury (Grind}') Nobel, who were also Nor- wegians by birth. He received a part of his education in the land of his birtii, and was brought to the United States in 1860, by his jiarents. The family landed in Quebec, Canada, and from that port came to Madi- son, Wisconsin, near whicli city the fatiier of our subject bought a farm, in Dane county. The subject of this memoir remained u[)on his fathei^'s fai'ui in the " I!adger State " for some fourteen years, assisting in the labor of carr\ing it on, ami attended the district schools. In 1880 he came to this State, and located in Pope county, but after a residence there of three years, removed to Stevens county. On his arrival here he purchased eighty acres of land on section 25, of Framnas township, and there makes his home. Mr. Nobel was united in marriage, Febru- ary 18, 1880, with Miss Lena J. Jerdel, a native of Dane county, Wisconsin. Her parents were born in Norway and came to the United States in 1861, and settled in Wisconsin, where they are now living. Mr. Nobel, jwlitically, affiliates with the democratic part}^ and was elected to the office of town clerk on that ticket. Both he and his wife are consistent and zealous mem- bers of the Lutheran Chuach, and are quite active in all religious work. His farm, which embraces eighty acres, is in a high state of culture, and his place evinces his knowledge of the art of properly conducting agricult- ure. >4»ON. REUBEN M. RICHARDSON, of Jt^^ Morris, one of the earliest settlers of Stevens county, came to this part of the State May 20, 1869, with a team, by way of Sauk Center, on a prospecting tour. At that time there was but one settler between the latter place and Glen wood, a man by the name of Durkee, and between that point and what is now Morris, a distance of fifty miles, the onl}^ inhabitants were Nels Wollan, and Lewis Larson Hegland. After looking the country over, he decided to locate in this county, and, returning to his home in St. Cloud, made prejiarations for his removal. A week or so later he came back to this vicinity and located a preeni])tion in what is now the town of Morris and erected a log cabin in which to shelter himself and family. At tiiat time there were west of the Pomme de Teire River but the following settlers — Henry Gager, SrEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 385 John Folsoiii, tlie "Warner brothers and Philip Frisby. Tliese weiv tiie sole inhabitants of that part of tlie county. In \ovenil)er of the same year Mr. Richaixlson broiiglit his family from St. Cloud, and commenced the improvement of his farm, and there made his home until the railroad was graded through this section. He then removed to his present location, which lies inside of the corporate limits of the village of Morris. This was in Julv, 1871, and at tliat time there was but the store of Wilkins & Wolffand the railroad engineer's headquarters in Jlorris. He has made his home on this farm ever since. The subject of this memoir was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, August S, 1816, and is the son of Peter and Ann (Mowbray) Rich- ardson. Pie remained in the " Buckeye State," with ids jiarents, until his twenty- second year, and then removed to the lead mines of Wisconsin. lie I'emaiued there from 1S39 until April. 184!t. and then went to St. Paul, where he landed the 10th of that month. There were but seventeen houses in what is now Lower Town and live in Upper Town. A short time after his arrival there he entered the employ of H. JI. Rice, and was engaged in the transportation of military supplies from Fort Snelling to Fort Gaines, and after- ward to Pembina. In the spring of 1S50 he was appointed deputy sheriff and de])uty marsiial of Benton county, ilinnesota, which then comprised all the territory lying north of the Rum River and east of the Mississippi, and took the census of that counts', lie found that the population was -418 souls, emi)racing half-breeds and all nationalities under the sun. In tliese capacities Mr. Rich- ardson acted for one year, and in the spring of 1S.51 was united in marriage with j\[iss Lois V. Munson, and took a claim near Sank Rapids, Benton couuty, where he lived until 1x5.'). In the latter year he removed to the village of liichmond, twenty-live miles west of St. Cloud, on the Sauk River, and made his home there until the Indian outbreak, in 1862, when he removed St. Cloud. In that village he resided until coming to Stevens county. While living there he held the office of post- master from October 1, 1S60, until Jlav, 1869. Mr. Richardson was elected to the Terri- torial Legislature, in 1852, to represent the district in which he lived, and in 1857 was elected to the State Senate and was continued in the Legislature until 1866, serving two terms in the Senate and the balance of the term in the House. In 1854 he received the appointment of receiver of the United States land office at Sauk Rapids. Benton county, which was the first one established north of St. Paul. When Stevens county was oi-- ganized, in 1871, he was appointed register of deeds, and had to go to Benson to be sworn in. Tills office he held, b\' election, for seven years, and then retired. One year later he was again called on by the people to as- sume the duties of the same position and re- mained in it for three j^ears more. Since that time he has lived on his farm, a more retired life. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson are the parents of two children — Elizabeth, now Mrs. Henry Baldwin, and Lucia V., now Mrs. C. Nelson, of Osakis. The Old Settlers' society of Stevens county, of which our subject is a member, was organized at Philip Frisby 's house in 1870, and the last meeting was held at the residence of ^Ir. Richardson. He is also a memlierof the Old Settlers' a.ssociali(in of the State. ^Ml BERT BONAPARTE WILLIAMS, Ji^'\_ whose farm is located on the lianks of romme de Terre Lake, on .section IS, is one of the most enterprising and intelligent citizens of Swan Lake township. He is en- gaged in stock-raising and general farming. 3S6 STEVE jVS county, MINNESOTA. and his thrift and energy are evidenced by the success which has reAvarded his efforts, as he is rapidly getting in good shape for more extended and more profitable opera- tions. Mr. "Williams was liorn at Eaton lia])ids, Ingham count}', Michigan, June 26, 1851, and is a son of Hiram and Louisa (Burnham) Williams. When he was a mere child his parents removed to Illinois, and from the time he was ten until he was fourteen years of age, he attended the Tuscola Seminary, at Tuscola, Illinois. In 1865 the family came to Red Wing, Minnesota, and the father settled upon a farm at Goodhue Centei'. There our subject remained and worked until 1876, when he came to Stevens county and took a homestead on section 6, in Darnen township. On the 31st of May, 1881, Mr. Williams was married to Lizzie F. Smith, a daughter of Samuel B. Smith. In February, 1883, Mr. Williams started for Washington Territor}', in order to find a climate better suited to his taste. He got as far as the Rocky Mountains, but, as he could not cross in the winter, he returned. He again started for the far West the fol- lowing spring, and got far enough to meet the emigration coming back in " search of a better country'," and he, finalh', decided that this was about the best country he had heard or knew of, and, accordingly, came back to sta3'. During his absence he trav- eled throu"]] tiie National Park, Wvoming, Idaho and IMontana. In speaking of it he says he " found many places where the}' didn't have so many blizzards, but he de- cided that he would rather face any Minne- sota blizzard tiian face unseen rattle-snakes in almost every bush or clump of grass." Upon his return he came to Swan Lake township, and tool< a preemption of sixty-six acres, on section 18, on Pomme de Terre Lake, where lie has since lived. He has since purchased thirty -five acres additional, and is rapidh' developing it into a valuable stock farm. As he says, " the longer he lives here the better satisfied he is, and feels that this is the ])lace he was in search of." Mr. Williams has always taken an active intei'est in educational and public affairs. He was elected justice of the peace, but did not qualify, as he was not an aspirant for office. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are tlie parents of three children — Nathaniel IL, Harriet M. and Theresa M. ..^^ Ml ELSON WILLIAM DARROW, aprom- 5''fj inent farmer living on section li, Scott township, Stevens county, is a native of Lee county. Illinois, born July 7, 1845. His parents were Royal P. and Elsie L. (Haw- ley) Darrow, natives of Pennsylvania and Connecticut, respectively. In 1850 his father went to California, leaving his wife and five children, expecting to soon make a fortune and tlien return to his familj', but instead of making his fortune, he died there, and the good wife was compelled to put her chil- dren out and go out to work herself. The children were Elizabeth, Lucv, Helen and Nelson W. Elizabeth, the first child of the family, was burned to death, at the age of sixteen, by her clothing taking fire while she was making a fire. The jioor child, almost bordering on womanhood, only lived in ter- ril)le agony for ten weeks, and was set free fi'om pain by the almost welcome visitor — death. Lucy, the next child, is man-ied and now lives in Dakota. She is now Mrs. Bur- nett. Nelson W. was married April 25, 1870. to Elizabeth Wymer, tlaughter of Jacob and Zelphena (Embry) Wymer. She was born in Auburn, Indiana, February 21, 1851. They have the following children — Cecil Arthur, born February 21, 1870; Charles E. STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 387 (deceased); Royal (deceased); Colonel Ma- son, born Febniary 12, 1877; Helen J., horn August 5, 1882. and ]\[aud Etliel. horn Octo- ber, lSS-1. When oui- sul)j('C't was about six years old lie left lionic and went to live with E])hraini Wliitney, reniaining- I'oui' years, when \w ran away, going to Iowa, with one William Ers- kin, with whom he remained three years, aftei- which period he went buck to Illinois, where his mother lived, and worked out by the month for a year; then went to Wiscon- sin anil remained the same length of time, again returning to Illinois, stopping a short time, and went over into Iowa again, there remaining until the war came on. He trieil to enlist, but was rejected on account of his age, but he went over into Illinois and enlisted there, but his mother, in all kind- ness, took him out of the service, when he ran away and re-enlisted, his mothei-, this time, consenting. He enlisted, finalh', Sep- temlier 22, isr)2, and remaineil in the army until June. 1865, as a member of Company D, Seventy fifth Illinois Infantry. He was in twenty-three engagements, receiving a wound ill the cheek at the battle of Prairie- ville, Kentucky. October 8.1802. He first served under General Buel, aftei'ward under Kosencranz, Sherman and " Pap " Thomas. To enable the reader to get a clearer concep- tion of what dangers this gallant 3'oung sol- dier encountered, we will enumerate the bat- tles in which he fought : Prairieville (Ken- tucky), Stone River. Chickaniauga. Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Dalton, Dallas, Kingston, ^larietta, Peach Tree Creek. Atlanta, Franklin. Nashville and many other skirmishes of lesser note in war history. After his discharge he went at once to visit his mother, at Rock Island, Illi- nois. From there he went to Shell Rock, Iowa, purchased a farm and lived on the same for about fifteen years, and was married while there. He finallv sold out in Iowa and removed to Stevens county, Minnesota, ar- riving in November, 1880. He rented a faiiu for three years, and during this time jumped a tree claim, over which he had a contest with Patrick Ilines, coming out the victor — hence the owner of the place. He then took the claim as a homestead, and finally jiroved up in 1885, and has since lived on the same. He has about eighty acres under the plow, owns seven liorses ami forty-two cattle. Commencing a fatherless bo}', with no friends to care for and aid hiin in the battles of life, he has always fought his own way through poverty and actual warfare, coming off more than concpieror. For his disabilitv contracted in the sei'vice, he receives the sum of $6.00 per month, pension. Politically our subject is a democrat. He has held various local offices, including tliat of township assessor. He is a man that takes much interest in reviewing the old war time days, and is member of Overton Post, No. 99, of the Grand Army of the Republic at Morris. ^ItEPHEN a. FLAHERTY, the present S^^ county attorney of Stevens county, was born in Sheboygan. Wisconsin, April 15, 1855. His parents, Michael and ilary Flaherty, are both natives of the County of Clare, Ireland, and immigrated to this coun- try in lS-i7. Michael Flaherty enlisted and took part in the Mexican War, and after its close located in Sheboygan county, where he remained till 1857, when he removed to Ran- toul, Calumet county, Wisconsin. He was one of the first settlers in Rantoul, where he bought a heavy timbered tract of land, which he cleared and cultivated, and which he anil his family still occupy as the old homestead. Stephen A., the subject of this .sketch, is the second of a family of eight children. He remained with his parentsaiid liel|ied to work 3SS STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. the farm until his eighteenth year, without any opportunity of getting an education, ex- ce])t such as was ottered by the district schools in winter time. In 1873 he entered Law- rence Universit}', in Appleton, Wisconsin, which university he attended for about three years. During and after his attendance at college he devoted a good share of his time to teaching school, though this, he says, is a 1)usiness he followed more by reason of neces- sity than love foi' the occupation. In the spring of 1878 he came to Minnesota, and taught school in Siljle^y countj' for a year or more. In the fall of 1879 he entered the State University, at Minneapolis, where he attended four terms, pursuing such studies as he considered would be of most assistance to him in the profession which he had decided to take up. In 1880 he commenced to read law in the office of Lewis Brownell, in Min- neapolis, and again taught school in the win- ter of 1880-1881, this time in Meeker county. When this term of school closed he stai'ted to Morris, and got acquainted, coming up on the train, with L. C. Spooner, who, a few months before, had opened a law office in Morris. On February 17, 1881, Mr. Flaherty arrived in Morris, and immediately entered Mr. Spooner's office as a law student and clerk. In the fall of 1881 he returned to Meeker county, where he taught his last term of school, upon the expiration of which he went back to Morris, and has resided there since. There he again resumed his law studies, and in November, 188:4, was admitted to the bar. After his admission to the bar he remained with Mr. Spooner, and in the spring of 1883 became a member of the firm of Spooner, Darling & Flaherty. The partnership con- tinued for a year. Upon its dissolution Mr. Flaherty and Mr. Spooner formed a partner- ship, which continued until Mr. Spooner re- moved to Minneapolis, in the fall of 1885. Then Mr. Flaherty opened an office in his own name, and has since continued in the practice of his profession. He w^is appointed county attorney in March, 1887, to fill a va- cancy caused by the appointment of C. L. lirown to the office of judge of the district court. He was elected a member of the common council of the village of Morris in the spring of 1888. Mr. Flaherty is one of the most active members, and is president of the county division of the Ancient Oi'dei' of Hibernians. In politics he is a republican,' in i-eligion a Eoman Catholic. On November 27, 18S4, he was married to Miss Nellie M. Sheridan, of this county, and has a famih' of one daughter, Blance, born August 8, 1886. Mr. Flaherty is a man of the strictest integrity, an able lawyer and a successful practitioner. He stands high, both as an attorney and a citizen, and is justly rated as one of the leading business men of the countv in which he lives. -*«; ►-.»► -'"•^HARLES WINTERMUTE, of Morris, one of the earliest settlers of Stevens county, came to this section in 1871, having purchased the Gager stage station. He at the same time took a homestead and bought other land, and soon had a fine farm of some 500 acres of land. He came to this State in 1861, and in the fall of that v'ear located in St. Paul. In August, 18C2, at the time of the Indian outbreak, he volunteered and went to New Ulm Avith the column under General Sibley, at the time of the attack on that place, and went with the command to Lac-qui-])arle. He then returned to St. Paul, and was assigned to the quartermaster's department. He participated in the expedi- tion that captured the 300 Indians and took them to Mankato, where he remained the following winter. Returning to the State capital in the spring, he went to Fort Aber- crombie, and was there in thequartei-master's ST£F£A-S COUNTY. MIXXESOTA. 389 department one 3'ear and the same length of tinu' at Fort Wadswortli. He then pur- chased tlie trading post at the lattei' point, and remained there until he came to this county. Jlr. Wintermnte remained on his farm here until the time of the Custer massacre, in lST(i, wiien he went to Fort Custer, and was connected with the ti-ading post at that ])oint foi- several years, his family residing on liis farm in this county. In 1880 he sold out his interest there and returned to his farm, where he lived until 1885, when he removed to the village of Morris, although he still owns and carries on the farm. He has been the president of the Old Settlers' Society a greater portion of the time since its organization, and was one of the original members. He was the president of the county agricultural society, for a number of years, and takes great interest in the growth and developementof this section of tjje State. He has also been connected with tiie mer- cantile interests of the village of Mori'is, having been in the lumber trade. The subject of this sketch was born in Chemung county, New York, March 14, 183-i, and is the son of Isaac and Sarah Winter- mute. On attaining his majority he entered into the mercantile trade at Horseheuds, a suburi) of Elmira, New York, where he remained some years. In thespringof 1859. he removed to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he was engaged in business for about two years, but, the war coming on, that country became unsafe for a Northern man and he returned to his home in the "Empire State," whence he came to Minnesota, as related above. Viw Wintermnte has one the finest farms in the State, it embracing some 540 acres of excellent land. It has a lake frontage of about two miles and a half, and contains a beautiful natural grove of tindjei- covering eighty acres. ^Ai ARTIN DALEY, one of the most ex- *tl;^^ tensive and thorough farmers of Stevens township, was born in Ireland, in April, 1824, and is the son of Roger and Mary (McCoy) Daley, who were also natives of the Emerald Isle. He was one of a fami- ly of the following children, the others be- ing — Michael, John, Patrick, Khoda, Peter and James. He spent his early life in the land of his birth and on attaining; maturer years, left his home and went to England. Settling at Bradford, Yorkshire, he was em- ployed in the woolen factory of T. Salts, one of the largest in England, at that time. He remained there six years and tiien started for the United States, crossing the ocean in 1849, and after spending six weeks on the Atlantic, landed at Boston, Massachusetts, and from there went to Lawrence, in the same State, and there worked in a bi-ick yard. After a short time spent at Lowell, he removed to Nashua, New Hampshire, and there for eight 3'ears was employed in a mattress factory. For four years and a half he was watchman in the machine shoj) of Gage, Warner tt Whitney, and for two years in the Underhill Edge Tool Works, after which he went to Rockingham county. New Hampshire, and there bought a farm and fol- lowed farming for live years. After that, selling out, he moved to Boston, anil for three years was engaged in a wine factory, and then went to ilarquette, Michigan, and worked in the mines. Nearly five 3'ears later he came to this State and took up eighty acres of land in ileeker county, and there made his home for twelve yeai-s, at the end of which time he removed to tliiscountv and preemj)ted Hid acres of land, whei'c he now lives. To this farm he has added until he has at the present, 480 acres of valual>le. arable land, and is one of the most extensive farmers in the town in which he resides. Mr. Dalev was married. Jaiiuaiy :.'7, Isjs, at Nashua, New Hampshire, to .Miss Katie 39° STEVFNS COUNTY. MIXXESOTA. Duliei'ty, the daughter of Charles and Sarah (McNamara) Duherty. She was boi'u in Ireland, and was educated m one of the national schools of that oppressed land, and came to this country when she was about twenty. She is one of a family of nine chil- dren, the others being — John, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, Anna, Patrick, Michael and Anna. The last named died in infancy. Ey their union Mr. and Mrs. Daley are the par- ents of four children — Charles, John, Mary and Sarah. Charles died in 18S0, at the age of twenty-one. Mary is a school teacher, and has filled that position for six years. In his politics our subject is a democrat and has always affiliated with that party, lie has held the office of treasurer of the township for one term, and has otherwise taken an active part in jniblic matters. J^OLLIN J. HALL, one of Stevens ^q^ county's most influential and highl\' respected citizens, lives on section 1(>, of Morris township. He was born in Norfolk, St. Lawrance county. New York, in 1837. His father ^vas Captain Pliilo Hall, a native of Vermont. His mother Mary (Morgan) Hall, was a native of the "Green Mountain" State also. Our subject's ancestry on the father's side were among the earliest settlers of the State of Vermont. Eollin attended school, and woi'ked in a sash, door and blind factory ; also did some labor on the farm. He worked his wa}' through school in this manner, until he was nineteen years old, when he left the scenes of his boyhood, and went to Lowel, Massa- chusetts, where he worked in a cotton factor}^ until 1861. At that date, he returned home, and October 30 he enlisted in the army, '■for three years or during the war," going into comjiany E, Ninety -second Regiment, New York Infantry. He was mustered out, 1 January 5, 186.5. He went as a private, but was j)ronioted to a sergeant, and later to j first sergeant. At the Ijattle of Fair Oaks he was slightlj' wounded on the seal]). He was with his company during fifteen engage- ments. After his term of army service had ended he came back to Norfolk, New York, and engaged in the carpenter business, un- til 1871, when he came to Minnesota, and took a soldier's homestead, of 160 acres. Dur- ing 1874 and 1875, be was in the employ- ment of the Government, acting as agent of the Sisseton Indian Agency, in Dakota, teaching the art of farming to the tribes. ]\[r. Hall was married, August 9, 1860, to Emma J. Purdy, b\Mvhom five children have come to bless their home. They are as fol- lows — Ernest E., Grace C, Harry R., Les- ter L. and Fay E. In politics, our subject is a republican, and has always taken great interest in iniblic affairs. He has held the various township offices, such as supervisor, town clerk, etc., and served for a number of years, iis the chairman of the board of count\" commis- sioners, being one of the most influential members of that bodv. ^^«— ^^^^ foHN HOPE, of whom this biographical sketch will speak, came to Stevens county in 1878, from Dakota county, Minne- sota, where he had been engaged at farming and threshing for two or three years. He came to his present home, on section 10, of Moore township, and purchased a half sec- tion of land from the I'ailroad company, af- terward adding eighty more, giving him a fine tract of -100 acres, upon which he has followed general farming and stock-growing, which has afforded him a fine income, and made him very comfortaljly situated. His farm is looked upon as one of the choicest and best improved in Moore township. STEVENS COUNTY, MIN2VESOTA. 301 ^Fr. IIoj)e was Ijoi'ii in Boliamors count}', Canada, July 3, 1S44. and is the son of AVil- liam and Isabcllo (Ainslie) IIoi)e, natives of England. Tiie parents were married in Can-, ada, tlie fatlici' leaving his native country when twenty-one years old, coming to Mon- treal, Canada, where he remained until his death, in Juno, 1887, being at the ripe old age of ninety-four vears. He was a thrifty farmer, and belonged to the Church of Eno-- land. The family consisted of nine chil- dren, live daughters, and four sons, all of whom grew to years of maturity — Mai'v Ann, Jane, George, Isabelle, William, Hel- en, Thomas, Elizebeth and John. Our subject spent his school days in Kent county, Canada West, to which ])laoe his parents moved when he was about twelve 3'ears old. When he reached the age of sev- enteen, he cpiit school and engaged in copper mining in the Lake Sujjcrior country of ilichigan. He remained at that for three years, and went to Wisconsin, near Racine, where he worked at railroading for a year or more, and then came to Jlinnesota, spending one summer in a saw mill at Minneapolis. The following winter he worked at similar work at Farmington, Minnesota, and from that point came to Stevens county. Mr. Hope was married during the winter of 1870, February 7, to Miss Flora E. Clap]i, a native of New Ham|)shii'e, who is the daughter of Orville and Lydia V. (Colburn) Cla]>p, natives of the sanu.' State. The mother still lives, but the father died when Mrs. 1 lope was only six months old. Tlicii' family consisted of live chililren — Lucy Ann, Mai-tlia Lousia, Koxa Adelaide. Flora Elize- beth and Horace. Mi's. Hope came to Wisconsin when (juite \'oung, and was married in Isante county, Minnesota. She is the mother of eight chil- dren — Isabella Vcstina, Flora Lousia, Ellen Elizebetli, Horace Gilliert, Lizzie Jane, Ethel Albina, William Elbiidge, Arthur J. and George Francis, who died in infancy. These children are, at this writing, all single. Mr. Hope is a republican, and has iield many prominent local offices, such as justice of the peace, assessor, holding the former for four years, and the latter for two years. He has been treasurer of his school district. No. 31, ever since its organization. ©UDLEY HALL, who now resides on his farm located on section 2, Horton township, Stevens county, wa.s boi-n in Trumlmll county, Ohio, June 2'!, 1841. His parents were Jacob and Electa (^AValdorf) Hall, natives of Pennsylvania. The mother died when her son Dudley was Imt nine years of age. The father came to Ohio in 1838, then removed to Wisconsin, in which State he remained until 1807, and then went to Nebraska, and nuule it his home w'ith a daughter, till he died, in 1878. The family consisted of seven children — Nelson, Al- bert, l)udle\', Warren, Jacob, Lorena and Elizebeth. Warren and Jacob are now dead. Up to the age of nineteen years our subject attended school and worked, as most boys do. He received most of his education in Grant county, Wisconsin, living this part of his life with his uncle, Jesse Waldorf. In JVIarch, 1802, he enlisted in the Third Wis- consin CavahT, under Cajitain John V. Moore. He was mustereil out at Praire du Cliien in July, 1805, after having partici- jiatcd in many hard fought battles and skir- mishes, among which were Prairieville and Holly SjjHngs. The general duty of the command to which he belonged, however, was following up bush-whackers. Mr. Hall was confined in the liosjjital for a long time. After receiving his final discharge, in July, he spent the remainder of the summer of 1805, at his father's, ami tlien left for Lake City, Minnesota. From that point he went 392 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. to Minneapolis, where be remained until 1S79, and in the spring of that year located his quarter section homestead where he now lives. He now owns 320 acres of well- improved hind, and does a profitable farm and stoclv-growing business. He was mar- ried, June 23, 1866, to Miss Julia Han- Ion, a native of Ireland, who came to America when but thirteen j'ears of age. She is the daughter of Timothy Han- Ion, and was educated in the land of her birth. Iler i)aronts both died in Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have had four children — Electa, Frank, George and William. Electa became the wife of Timothys Mulverhill ; she is now deceased, leaving one little daughter, Letta, in the care of her grandpar- ents. The remainder of Mr. Hall's family are at home. They belong to the Roman Catholic Church. ]\Ir. Hall is a republican. He has always taken an active part in local politics, and has hekl many offices, including those of school dii'ectoi'. and township ti'easurer. When living at Minneapolis our subject was engaged in tlie lumber business for Morrison Brothers, remaining there twelve years. He is a thoroughgoing man, a hard worker, and well deserves the success he is ^M>\\ makinir of life. ^Michael f. finnegan, of section P^Xi^ 24, Synnes lownsiiip, Stevens county, Minnesota, is a native of Lakeville, Minnesota, born August 15, 18.55. Plis parents were John and Bridgett Finnegan of Ireland, who imniigrated to this country about ISoT. landing at New York, and from there they went to Pi-ovidence, Bhode Island, remaining seven years. They lived the next five years in Chicago, Illinois, the father being a merchant there. From that city he moved to Lakeville, Minnesota, where he died August 4, 1886, being seventy years of age. He was a devout Roman Catholic in his religious training and Ijelief. The mother still lives at Lakeville. They had eleven chil- dren, all grown to maturity — Ann, John, Mary, Michael, Martin, Sarah, Patrick, Kate and Elizebeth. Two died — Hannah and Margaret. Mr. Finnegan received his schooling at Lakeville, Dakota county, leanng at the age of twenty-one years, after receiving a good common business education. He went from his class at school to his father's farm, which he operated until 1876, then came to his ]iresent location, taking a homestead of a quarter section, and a tree claim of the same size, both situated on section 24, township 123, range 43. He now has a full section of choice land, described as follows : The north half of section 24 and the south half of section 13. He does an extensive farm and stock business. At the present time (1888) he has 130 head of cattle of the Durham stock, and seventeen head of Norman horses, besides a span of mules and other stock. Mr. Finnegan was married at St. Paid, February 24, 1879, to Miss Mary Myers, a daughter of James Myers, of Lakeville, Min- nesota, she being the oldest of a fan.ily of seven children. She was educated at St. Paul, in the High School and Academy. Be- fore her marriage she taught school in Dakota and Scott counties. They are blessed with three children — Mary, John and Margrett, all living at home. Politically, our subject is a democrat, and has ever taken a very active part in the politics of both county and State. He was elected as county commissioner in 1881, and also has been township clerk of Synnes town- ship ever since it was organized. H e has l)een connected closely with the school mat- ters, having been clerk of district No. 29 for some years, and his name is prominently and indissolubly connected with theoliicial history of both town and county. STEl'/iXS COU-VrV, Af/.ViVESOT.t. 393 l^'HARLES OLSON. One of the first ^y settlers of Stevens count}', and one of its most respected citizens is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is a resident of the town of Framnas, living on section 24, of that sui)division of the county, where he has a valuable farm of KiO acres of excellent land. Mr. Olson is a native of Norway, and was born November 15, 182(3. He is the son of Ole and Christine (Gunderson) Kittelson, both of whom were, also natives of that country. He was reared in the land of his birth, and remained there until 1849, when he crossed the ocean to the shores of America. He landed at New York, and from there went to Chicago, but not finding any work there, he removed to Muskegon, ilichigan, where he stayed some three years. He had been a letter carrier in his native land, but sought other emi)loyinent on coming to this coun- try. In 1852 he went to Dubuque, Iowa, and was engaged in the sale of i)lows for three years, and then removed to Freeborn county, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming. He made his home there until 1S66, when, in companj' with Thomas Hagen, Christian Jacobson, Louis Ilegland, Peter Bjork and Hans Goodhagen, he started for this county with ox teams. He arrived in this part of the State on the 22d of June, and, settling on the land where he now lives, went to woi'k to put up a brush shanty in which to dwell. For six weeks he slept in his wagon, and turned the first furrow in the soil of Stevens county and raised the first crop. This latter was potatoes and turnips. He had to go to Glen wood foi' provisions, that l)eing his nearest point. He followed trapping that winter, and made {|uite a success of his eiforts. The next year three more families settled in the county and fiom that on were followed i-apidh' by othei's. Mr. Olson was nuirried, June lU, 1855, to Mrs. Martha Evenson, a native of Norwav, a widow, and the mother of two girls, but has no children of his own. The subject of this sketch is a democrat in his politics, and has held the olHce of assessor six terms, and is the incumbent of the posi- tion at the present. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and an active Christian worker. «^^ ^^toN. HENRY H. WELLS, the president J^^A. of the Stevens County i>ank, at Morris, and a member of the mercantile firm of Wells Brothers vfe Hanson, of the same village, came to Stevens county in September, 1872, and entered into business with H. B. Woltf, and the co-partnership then formed existed until 1S82. During that time Mr. Wells em- barked in trade at Hancock, under the firm name of Wells, Ilelgeson & Company, and at Evansville as AVells Brothers & Company. Since disposing of his interest in the store with Mr. Wolff, he has established a business at Herman, in Grant county, under the name of Wells Brothers, and at Graceville as O'Neals & Wells. In 1882 he organized the Stevens County Bank, with a capital of 825,- 000, and erected the building now occupieil by that institution. The capital stock of this bank was increased to §50,000 in 1883. The Bank of Grant County, at llernum, was established by our subject in 1SS3, with his brother being its president, and in which he still holds a considerable interest. He gave his attention largely to the banking business until March, 1887. when he ])urcha.sed the stock and good will of II. B. Wolfi' and the interest of K. C. Helgeson, in tiie firm of Ileltreson & Hanson, and, consolidating the two, the present firm of Wells Brotlu-i-s A: Hanson was formed. He hsis, also, been largely engaged in the grain business in the village since coming hen-, mid is one uf the 394 STEfEXS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. stirring business men of the community, and one of the leading citizens in this part of the State. Mr. Wells is a native of the province of Upper Canada, born July 9, 1S51, and is the son of A. W. Wells. lie spent his earlier 3'ears upon his father's farm, his educational advantages being chiefly limited to the dis- trict schools of the town where he lived. On attaining his majorit\', he came to Minne- sota, and settling at Blakel\% Scott county, was there engaged in clerical labor for two years, and then I'eturned to his home to set- tle up his father's estate. That being done, he came to Morris, as related above. The subject of this sketch has occupied an important position in the official life of the county, since his advent here. In 18S1 he was elected to represent this district in the State Legislature. In 1883 he was chosen by the people to succeed AVashburn, in the State Senate, being elected on the republican ticket. He has served various terms on the village council, and in other local positions, and has in every way been prominently identified with the growtii and development of the lo- cality in which he resides. Mr. Wells was married on the loth of April, 1876 to Miss Clai-a Wolif. of Chaska, Carver county, Minnesota. They are the parents of two children — Amy and Cora. ■LARENCE W. HULL, who carries on the general merchandise business at Hancock, is one of the leading business men of that village. He was born in Equinunk, Waj'ne county, Pennsylvania, July 28, 1857, and is a son of William H. and Clara T. (Sutherland) Hull. His parents were natives of Kew York State, but in 1856 they re- moved to Pennsylvania, where our subject was born. In 1859 they returned to the "Empire State," and located atBinghamton, where they both died — the mother May 31, 1862, and the father August 14, 1866. Both lie buried at that place. The father was a miller and merchant during his lifetime. The parents had a family of two boys — Charles T. and Clarence W. Charles now resides at St. Paul, being emjiloyed as a travelling salesman b}- Maxfield & Seabury, wholesale grocers. Clarence W. Hull, our present subject, spent his early boyhood in attending school at Binghamton, Xew York. After the death of his parents he was brought up by his grandparents on his mother's side — Bethuel Sutherland and wife. When our subject was thirteen years old he came witii his grand- parents to IVfinnesota, and they settled in St. Paul. Mr. Sutherland, who was a bridge builder and contractor b}' trade, still resides in that citj'. Clarence Hull finished his schoolina: at St. Paul, receiving: an excellent education and supplementing'it with a two- yeai's' course in the High School. Wlien he was sixteen he entered the office of the mil- lionaire, Norman W. Kittson, as clerk, and remained with him for one year. He then entered the office of C. B. Xewcomb & Co., wheat l)rokers, and for five years served as their book-keeper. At the expiration of that time he decide to eng-aofe in business on his own account, and accordingly, in 1879, he came to Hancock, Stevens county, and, put- tine: in a stock of general merchandise, estab- lished the business Avhich he still conducts. He is a careful business man, and his u))right and honorable method of doing business has won him an extensive trade. Mr. Hull was married. June 18, 188-4, to Miss Minnie A. Wright, a native of liipon, Wisconsin, and a daughter of Henry W. Wright, a farmer near that city. Mrs. Hull grew to womanhood in her native State, and received an excellent education, being a graduate of the Ilipon College and also of the Milwaukee Art School. Mr. and Mrs. STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 395 Hull have been the parents of two children — twins, born IsIav 5, 1885, named Xathan II. and Edward Hooker. Tiie last named died August 31, 1886; Xathan 11. is living. In political matters ^Ir. Hull is a repub- lican. He has always taken an active inter- est in ])ublic affairs, and since March, 1887, has been a member of the village council. Previous to tliis he held the office of village recorder for the period of six years. fDSEPH SCHMID, an energetic and thrilty agriculturist of the town of Baker, re- sidinson section -t, is a native of AVittenberff, Saxony, Germany, born ]\[arcli 17, 1830, and is the son of Thomas and ilary (ilaier) Schmid. His parents were born and reared ill that part of the fatherland, and there made theii' home. When Joseph was but six years of age he lost his father, and sometime thereafter his mother married Ignatz Moenhan. At the age of fourteen he commenced life herd- ing cattle, and followed that line of life for two years. Feeling the want of a trade, he then learned that of stone nuison, but in 181S he started for the United States. Crossing the ocean, he landed in New York, and for between three and four years there- after was employed in a fire-brick manufac- tory in Clinton county. New York. From there he went to New Orleans, Louisiana, and engaged in steamboat work on Ihe river until 1855, when he came to Minnesota, and located at Lake Minnetonka, Hennepin county, where he preempted lOo acres of land. He followed farming there until May, IStU, when he entered Company Ci, Second Minnesota Infantry, and was with Sherman in his matchless " march to the sea." At the close of hostilities he was discharged, and returned to his home, and remained there until 1877, when he came to Stevens county, and took up a homestead of 160 acres, where he now lives. He has 120 acres under cultivation, has a large, comfort- able farm house, a neat frame barn, and other well-built out buikhnirs. Mr. Schmid was married, May 21, 1856, at Minnetonka, to Miss Elizabeth Schweikert, a native of Germany, and a daughter of Thomas and Maria (Eit) Schweikert. By this union tiiey have had a family of seven children, of whom the following is the rec- ord — Elizabeth, who was born April 18, 1857, now the wife of John Leuthart, of Baker township; Joseph, born May 18, 1859, who married ]\riss Anna Po}ipler, living in Hen- nepin county; Maria, born January 2, 1S61, and cUed March 16, 1888; Thomas, born April 15, 1862 ; Lena, born April 27, 1864, now Mrs. Keinhard Yos, living in Stearns county, Minnesota; Frank, born July 27, 1866; and Henry, whose birth took place December 26, 1868. The subject of this sketch is a democrat in his politics, and has held the offices of town supervisor, assessor, clerk of school board, and is the present chairman of the town board. He is a Catholic in his religion, and a zealous Christian gentleman. He still owns 130 acres of a farm in Heiine|)in county, and has been highlv successful in life. ssf AMUEL LARSON, the senior member of the firm of Larson & Nelson, deal- ers in general merchandise, in the village of Morris, is one of the oldest Ijusiness men of that place, having come here in July, 1871, in the first passenger coach to ari-ivc. Pi'c- vious to this, in 1870, he had ijeen here, and again in the spring of 1871. While here on the latter visit, he determined to locate, and, accordingly', returned to Chicago foi- a stock of goods and came back to Morris, as above 396 STEVFNS COUiVTY. MINNESOTA. mentioned. On his arrival he ])ut up a rough sliantv, in which he commenced busi- ness, and at the same time began the erection of a suitable store building. This was the second store in the young village, Wilkins & Woltf having opened tiieir establishment some four or five weeks previous. In com- pany witli j\Ir. Larson was his pi-esent j)art- ner, Nels A. Nelson, and the firm then formed has existed ever since. In their first store they did l)usiness foi- some three years, and tiien removed to their present location, on Front street. November 23, 1S82, their store, with its contents, was consumed bj' lire, with a loss to them of between $10,000 and $12,000, but undismayed, within three weeks they opened again in a rented building, and the following spring began the erection of their present h I ndsome edifice, into which the}' moved upon its completion. Mr. Larson has been prominently identified with the otlicial life of the count}' since com- ing here. lie was the first county treasurer, having been elected to that position at the time of the oi'ganization of the county in 1871, and lield that office for eight years. In 18S-t he was elected to the office of clerk of the district court and is the present incum- bent. He has also served a number of terms as a member of the village council and on the school board, and has given much time and tliought to the cause of education. In 1882 he was nominated for re])resentative in the Legislature by the republican party, but was defeated by a very small majority', as there was one democratic, and two republican candi- dates in the field, thereby dividing the repub- lican vote. Mr. Larson is the present treas- urer of both the county agricultural society and the Morris fire company. Samuel Larson is a native of Norwa\', and was born near the town of Skien, November 23, 1813. When he was but five years of age he was brought by his ]5arents, Lars and Gunild Marie Larson, to the United States. The family settled in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, wliere he was reared. lie, re- mained with his father and mother until 1862, aftei' wiiich he was employed at farm lal)or for two years. From 18G1 until 1870 he was engaged as a sailor on the lakes, and then, in company with Nels A. Nelson, who was, also, a sailor, came to the village of JMorris, where he has since resided. Mr. Larson was united in marriage, Decem- ber 30, 1870, with Miss Sina Anderson, and they have a family of six children, as follows — Lillie A., born January 20, 1873; Marie L., born October 22, 1876 ; Lewis M., born August 7, 1878 ; William T., born July 17, 1880; Sophia A., born September 11, 1883, and Cora E., born December 28, 1886. Besides these they have one adopted child, Laura Johnson, who was born Sej)tember 5, 1870. — ^.— — p^DWARD McROBERTS, a prosperous \i^ and industrious agriculturist, is a resi- dent of section 24, Eldorado township. lie is a native of County Down, Ireland, born in the year 1835, and is a son of Etiward and Jane (Johnson) McEoberts, both of whom are natives of that island. Edward remained on the home farm until he was nineteen years of age, when he started in life for him- self. Soon after leaving home, he came to thiscountry, and stopped in Oaktield, Genesee county, New York, where he worked for farmers for a period of two years and a half. Lie then went to Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he remained one year, working for a farmer. He then rented a farm, on which he remained two years, then purchased a piece of land, on which he lived until 1880. He enlisted in Company D, Eighth AVisconsin Infantiy (The Eagle Regiment), December 3, 1863, and served until he was honorably dis- charged, on September 1, 1865. He partici- STF.VFNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 397 l);ited in about twcTity battles and skirmishes, including' Ijaltles of Nashville, Spanish Fort, on Red River, etc. On the 4th of July, 1865, as he was going on guard duty, he fell through a badly dila|)idated side-walk and broke his arm. which has never since regained its normal sha})e, and still causes him much annoyance. Mr. JIcRoberts was united in marriage December 3, 1857, to Miss Anna Jane Morrison, daughter of John and Anna Mor- rison, both of whom were natives of Ireland. The union has been blessed with the fol- lowing children — James, Emma Jane, John, Eli/.ebeth. Anna, Edward and "William. James is married to Miss Ida Iloath, and lives witii our subject; Emma is the wife of Mr. Kline, i-esiding in Eldorado. Mr. McRoberts and his family are ex- emplary members of the Baptist Church. He came to Stevens county in 1886, and settled on his present farm, on section 24, where he has since lived. He has a valuable farm of 800 acres, owning section 13, and the re- maining 180 acres in section 24. He has fine building improvements, eleven horses, twenty- eight head of cattle, necessary farming im- plements, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, in political matters he is a democrat. He is a man of integrity and honoi', highly esteemed by all. He has held the ollice of supervisor for several years. •-^JS^-^- /^^EORGE E. DARLING, a prominent at- \^^ torney of the village of Jfoi'ris, came to that place in August, 1878, anil o[)ened an office for the transaction of the duties of his chosen jjrofe.ssion. In 1880 he entered into a partnership with C. L. Brown, which lasted for some three yeare. At the expiration of that time the firm of Spooner, Darling et Flaherty was formed, consisting of himself, L. C. Spooner and S. A. Flaherty, and con- tinued for about one vear. Mr. 1 )arlinir then retired from the copartnership, and since then has cai-ried on the business alone. He has always manifested a great interest in the growth and improvement of the village, and in official matters has had considerable influ- ence. He was appointed to the office of vil- lage justice in 1879, and in 1884 to that of village attornej'. In this latter position he remained for three years, and in ]S8(i was chosen judge of probate for the countv; in 1888 he was again elected village attorney, and occupies that office at the ])resent writ- ing. He is a member of the board of trus- tees of the Morris Public Library, and one of the trustees of the Morris High School. Mi\ Darling is a native of North Royalton, Massachusetts, and was born February 20, 1850. "While he was j'et a boy his parents, Samuel D. and Lydia (Marshall) Darling, re- moved to Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, where he grew to manhood, and received his education. He remained upon his father's farm, attending the district schools in his youth, until 1871, at which date he went to Milwaukee, "Wisconsin, where he entered a commercial college. One year later he re- moved to Chicago, and attended a special course at the Union Pai-k Theological Semi- nar}' for a year. At the expiration of that time he went to "Winneconne, "Wisconsin, and there engaged in the insurance business, and during his four years' residence there, studied law in his own office. In 1878 he was ad- mitted to the bar, and shortly afterward came to Morris and located. Since then he has been identified with the growth of the place, and is tiie owner of some $8,000 to $10,000 worth of real estate in the village. He has one of the finest law libiviries in this portion of the State, it embracing some 3<>0 volumes, and was collected at an expense of over $1,500. The subject of this memoir was united in marriage November 16, 1875, with Miss 39S STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Nellie M. Bailej', the daughter of Samuel and Rebecca (White) Baile}', of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. By this union there have been born five children — George F., William M., Edward B., Gertrude F. and Earl N. In his political views, Mr. Darling affiliates with the republican party, and cast his first ballot for R. B. Ilaj^es, in the presidential election of 1876. Socially he is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and of the Select Knights. He has been highly successful in his practice. A man of the strictest integrity, an able lawyer, and a suc- cessful business man, he holds the esteem of all witli whom lie comes in contact. • ■* > ^'^^'<'- — PETER G. LARSON, one of tiie most prosperous and well-to-do citizens of Stevens county, is a resident of section 22, Swan Lake township, where he is engaged successfully in general farming and stock- raising. He is a native of Norway, born in Bergen, December 4, 184:5, and is a son of Lars and Christina (Jorgenson) Peter- son, who are both natives of that kingdom. His father is a leading farmer and mechanic in his native land. Peter remained at the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age. In 1867 he started, in the sailing vessel "Norden" for tlie United States, and after a voyage of six weeks landed in Quebec, (Can- ada. After landing on American sliores, he went at once to Madison, Wisconsin, where lie worked out Ijy tiie month for two years. Tiie spring of 1867 saw liim journeying to Emmett county, Iowa, and for the next eight years he made his liome in the town of Swan Lake, engaged in general farming. As he had exhausted his means in seeking a place to settle he was in poor circumstances when he located in Swan Lake, Iowa, and he saw hard times there. He luckily sold his place when the citizens in that region were "booming "the county seat. After dispos- ing of his farm, on which he only received twenty-five bushels of wheat from seven crops, he came to Morris, Stevens county, Minnesota, on June 23, 1877, driving over- land with teams. As soon as he had looked the countr\' over a little, he selected a liome- stead in Swan Lake township, on section 22, on which he filed and settled, and has since remained. On the 1st of January, 1872, Mr. Larson was united in marriage with Miss Susan Jlle Plaine, Scott county, where he engaged in the mercantile business for a year, after which he went to Jordan and bought a Houring mill; operated that for live years, then returned to Belle Plaine and again i-esumed mercantile life; after continuing five years he sold out and moved to Le Sueur, where he i)urchased a fiouring mill, which he ran successfully until 187(5. While living at Belle Plaine he was ap- pointed postmaster, serving for three years, lie is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined King Hiram Lodge, Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, Ko. 33, at Belle Plaine; became a charter meml)er of the lodge when it started at Morris— Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133. The subject of this sketch was married in the fall of 1852, while yet in Canada, to Miss Polly Wells, sister of H. II. Wells, of Morris, Minnesota. The}' have a family of six bright, intelligent children to cheer and brighten their life's pathway. They are as follows — A. A. Stone, hai'dware dealer at Morris; II. W. Stone Jr., at present engaged in partner- ship with his father; ^[ary, now Mrs. O. S. Hogerman, of St. Paul ; Ida, the wife of W. J. Munro, of the Stevens County Bank, at Morris; Endora, wife of E. W. Randall, of Morris ; and Royal .\., who still leniains at home with his parents. The Stone family are nieinbci's of the Congregational church, at Morris; Mr. Stone is one of the trustees of that organization. At the time of the Indian outbreak ilr. Stone had started from his home, at Jordan, for Owatonna, to attend a republican conven- tion. While on his way he met a man who informed hira of the serious Indian trouble, making him promise not to tell the news to the settlers for fear they would be frightened and leave. Mr. Stone went his way and at- tended the political convention, and on iiis return, between Northfield and Lakeville, he founil the prairie swarming with ])eople leav- ing the countr}'. Upon arriving at Lakeville great excitement prevadcd, believing, as the nuijority of them did, that they were soon tobe overtaken and surrounded by 30,000 Inilians. He used every argument to quiet the fleeing people, but all to no purpose. He then went iiome to see what the state of aflairs were there. After being home two lioui-s he saddled his hoi-se aud started for St. Peter, 400 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. picking up what men he could along the way to that place. When they arrived at Hender- son the company numbered about seventy- five men, who had joined them. They found the town almost deserted. Upon getting into St. Peter, the place was little less than packed with people from various parts of the country. At i p. M. the following day the company stalled for Fort Ridgely, marching all night, and were the first relief to arrive there. Mr. Stone remained nine days on the expedition, slee]")ingon the ground, with his saddle for a ])illow. It is witli much pride that this truly worthy gentleman and pioneer looks back over the last Cjuarter of a century, noting the rapid growth and wonderful development of his State, and views with just satisfaction the fact that he has been so prominently identi- fied with its historv. ILLIAM W. HUNTLEY, a promi- iueiit citizen of Moore township, Stevens county, was born near Syracuse, New York, August lo, lS-t4. He is the son of Clark and Sarah (Castle) Huntley, who were also natives of JNew Y'ork State. TLe father died in tiuit State several years ago. William W. came to Wisconsin in 1S50, remained until he enlisted, August 1-i, 1SG2, in the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Volunteer In- fanti'v,beiTicira member of the First Briijade of tlie Tiiirteenth Army Corps. He served as a soldier untilJune, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge at Shreveport, Louisiana. After his disciuirge he came back to Wiscon- sin, getting his final discharge pajjcrs at Madison. He remained in Wisconsin about tiu'ee months, after which time he went to Winneshiek county, Iowa, and from there to Cliickasaw county, of that State, where he remained for two years. He then left Iowa, and came to Fillmore county, Minne- sota, where he lived four years, following general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Huntley spent his schoolboy days in RolliniJ' Prairie Station, Dodge countv. Wis- cousin, receiving a good education up to the time he was seventeen years of age. He was married in Fillmore county, October 8, 1867, to Viola Jenette Elliott, a native of Canada, and the youngest child of Plummer W. Elliott. She received her education in Iowa and Minne.sota. She is now the motiier of seven children — two boys and five girls — Leslie W., Lillie M., Frank, Pearl, Mabel, Mertie and Maud, all of whom are still unmari'ied and at home with their parents. Mr. Huntley is a staunch republican, and is a worthy member of the Congregational Church at Hancock. He, like nearly all Minnesota soldiers, belongs to the Grand Army of the Rebublic, being the present quartermaster of the post to which he be- longs. Mr. Huntlev came to Stevens countv in IS* lie now owns a half section of land on section 14, Moore township, and is an extensive farmer and graded st(^ck-i'aiser. He is public spirited and is favorably known througliout Stevens and the adjoining coun- ties. He has alwa\'s taken an active interest in all public afl'airs, and his name is promi- nently identified with the official history of the township in which he lives. For four years he held the ofiice of township treas- urer, and at present is a member of the board of township supervisors. ^^EORGE C. THORP, tlie present chair- \t^A man of the board of countv commis- sioners, and one of the most prominent, in- fluential and wealthy citizens of Stevens county, is a resident of the village of Han- cock. Probably no resident of the county is more widely known throughout the county- STEVEJVS COUXTY, Ml.VNESOTA. 401 as lie lias carried on an extensive business in farming- and raising and liandling stock, and lias also been closely identilied with the official liistoi'v of the county since his settle- ment here. Wv. Thor[) was born in Ohittenden county, Vermont, December 23, 1835, and is a son of George and Christine (Ball) Thoi'p. His parents were natives of the same State, and his father was a farmer. Both father and mother are now deceased. George C, onr subject, spent his school- days in Vermont, and received .an excellent education. After leaving- school he followed teaciiing for two winters, and when twenty- one years of age he came West and located in Rice county, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming. In 1875 he came to Stevens county, and secured land, remaining- a few months. In 1877 he settled here, and has since made Stevens county his home. In 1877, before leaving ]Vorthlield,Tiice count\', on a liftv acre field, he i-aiseil an averaji-e of forty-five bushels per acre, which was then the largest average cro]) ever raised in the State from so large a held. He now lives in the village of Hancock, where he has always taken a leading and prominent [lart in all matters of a public nature. He has held a number of local positions, such as member of the village council, and also some of gi-eater importance, as county commissioner, etc. He has extensive ])roperty interests here, owning over 1,000 acres of land, and every enterprise calculated to benefit either his town or county has always received his supp(M-t and encouragement. A man of the strictest integrity, of excellent executive and business ability, he justly ranks as one of the most sul)stantial and prominent citizens of this part of the State. ^Ir. Thor]i was married on the 27tli of Kebruai-y, isr)2, to Miss Adelaide C, Caqien- ter. and they are tlu; ])arents of three chil- dren — Arthur C, Geoige C. Jr., and Clar- ciKi' .McK. Mrs. Thoqi wjis born in St. Albans, Vermont, in 1842, and is a daughter of Mclvenzie and .Juliette (Walker) Car- penter. In political matters Mr. Thorp affiliates with the republican party. -■*- -^- ^^EORGE M. GILTINAN, the present \^^ efficient county auditor of Stevens county, is recognized as one of the most ca- pable, intelligent and thorough busmess men in this part of the State. Mr. Giltinan is a native of the city of Philadelphia, I)orn Sep- tember 10, 1853, and received his education in the excellent schools of that place. At the age of seventeen he entered the Poly- technic College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1873, and was graduated from that insti- tution with honors. After leaving school he devoted his attention to civil engineering in his native State until coming to Stevens county, in the fall of 1876. He then pur- chased all of section 1, Eendsville township, and section 1, town of ]\f orris. The next season he broke some 1,100 acres of this land and commenced farming operations on an extensive scale, giving his chief attention to o-rain raising. He remained on his farm until 1886, and while there took an active interest in all town matters. He was for several years chairman of the town board of supervisors, and soon became recognized in the county as a man of more than ordinary ability, and one worthy of the confidence of the ])eople of the community, and when Dr. Thomas E. Hcenan was appointed to the office of consul at Odessa, Russia, and re- signed the position of auditor of this county, the county commissionei-s appointed Mr. Gil- tinan to fill the vacancy, and the jieople of the county confirmed the choice by electing him to the same office the following fall. In the meanwhile, however, in 188-1, .Mr. 402 STEVE. VS COUNTY. J/f.VA'ESOTA. Giltinan purchased an interest in the Sun, then edited b}' F. B. Chew, and assumed the editorial quill during the campaign of that year. The following year he disposed of his interest in the paper and devoted his atten- tion to other interests. Mr. Giltinan was united in marriage June 28, 1883, with Miss Mary Donnelly, the daughter of the Hon. Ignatius Donnelly, the well-known writer on political econom\', the famous author of the " Cryptogram," " At- lantis," and " Eagnarok," and one of the most noted anthors of the continent. By their union Mr. and Mrs. Giltinan are the parents of three children — Katharine, George and Ellen. Mr. Giltinan is a member of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and is the State Secretary of Minnesota. He is also the president of the board of directors of the Morris librarv. ^^^ J^IKKEL H. ETTESWOLD, who is fill- ^^~ fai-ni machiner}' and grain dealers of the village of Moi-ris, came to that place in May, 1S71, three months previous to the lay- ing of the railroad track to the town. He came to start a store for the sale of general merchandise, and states that when he arrived here there was but one shanty on the site of the village, that of A. C. Satter. He hauled the lumber from Benson, and put up a store building, at once. This, the first in the em- bryo village, was 20x31 feet in size on the ground and was one and a half story high. About the middle of June he had his goods here ant! opened u]) his stock in the edifice which stood where Well Brothers & Hanson's establishment is now located. The firm was at first AVilkins it Wolff, but in the following spring the latter bought out his jiai'tner's in- terest and continued the business alone until fall. At that time he admitted as a partner II. II. Wells, and the firm so formed operated the imsiness for some twelve or thirteen years, after which Mr. Wolff bought out his part- ner, and had the full control of the business, but in March, 18S7, sold out to Wells Broth- ers. When the county first began to grow Mr. AYolff put in a stock of farm machinery and carried ol acres of e.xcellent, aral)l(' land. Mr. Heller was united in marriage Sep- temi)er4, Ibso, with Miss Mary E. Vetter, and they are the parents of three children — Harvey II., Lila P. an -?^{^-^— TEPHEN C MURPHY, the editor and pro]irietor of the Sun, one of the lead- ing newspapers at Morris, was born Jlay 2i>, 1862, in Fond du Lac county, AYisconsin, and is the son of Michael and Rosa ^furphy. In 1867 the family came to iliniiesota, and lo- cated in Goodhue county, where they i"e- mained until ISSO, at which time they removed to Stevens count\% where tbey now reside. The subject of this sketch received his early education in private and common schools in this State. He remained an inmate of his father's house, assisting the latter in his agri- cultural labors, until the winter of 1881-2, when he entered the office of Brown & Chew, in Morris, and there engaged in the study of law. He had, previous to this, however, taken a course at the State Kormal Scliool at Winona. Pursuing his legal studies, he remained with Messrs. Brown & Chew until November 20, 1884, when he was admitted to the bar. In July. ISS."). in company with A. Sanders, he purchased the Sun. and cai-- ried it on, with liis partner, until the l>egin- ning of 1886, when he bought out the interest of Mr. Sanders, and lias had the sole control of that journal ever since. The Sun wiis es- tablished in the fall of 1883, by F. B. Chew, the first issue bearing the date of Xovcnd)er 22. It was at that time the only democratic paper in this legislative district, and conlin- 410 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. ued to occupy that position until the present fall, when another was established at Grace- ville. "Wlien it was bought by Mr. Murphy it was, in a manner, in its infancy, but he has brought it to a high degree of excellence and influence in the community; has largely in- creased its circulation, and has made the job department an important feature of the busi- ness. He is one of the youngest journalists in the State, being but twent3^-three years of age when he assumed editorial charge of the paper. lie still ably supports the interests of the democratic party in the columns of the Sun, and it is the official organ of that organization in this part of tht State. He was elected to the office of justice of the peace for the village of Morris, in the spring of 1S85, when but twenty-three years of age. Tver T. TOLLIFSON, of the firm of IL Thorpe & Tollifson, druggists of the vil- lage of Hancock, was born in Monroe, Green county, Wisconsin, October 31, 1858, and is the son of Ole and Isabelle Tollifson. When he was about six years of age he was taken b}^ his parents to Estherville, Emmet county, Iowa, where he was raised, and whe're his father and mother still reside. He was reared on a farm, and received his education in the district schools of that county and in the Estherville High School. He remained at home, assisting his father in the labors of the farm until he was about t wen t\'-t wo j' ears of age, when he entered a drug store at Emmetsburg, Iowa, as a clerk. One year later he removed to Spirit Lake, Dickinson county, in the same State, and was there in a drug store for three years, and from there came to Morris, Stevens count}-, Minnesota, to take charge of the drug store of F. Buckentine. In the latter place he I'emained until August, ISSS, when the present tirni was formed and removed to Hancock. In company with Arthur C. Thorpe, he bought out the busi- ness stand of A. K. Gray, of that village, and is carrying on the trade at the present. They have a full stock of drugs, druggists' sundries, wall ])aper, musical instruments, sheet mu- sic, and such other goods as ai'e usuall}' car- ried by merchants in that line. Mr. Tollifson is a member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, ^""0. 133, A. F. and A. M., and of Mount Lebanon Chapter, No. 47, K. A. M. He is a registered ])harmacist, having passed the ex- amination before the pharmacy board, and received his diploma or testamur to that ef- fect. He is one of the active business men of the county, in whose hands lies the future commercial greatness of this portion of the State, and has a large and growing acquaint- ance throughout this region. The firm of Thorpe A: Tollifson com- menced business under most favorable aus- pices, and bid fair to take a front rank in trade circles. Having tlie good will of the community and an established patronage, by strict integritj' and a close attention to their business they will succeed in their en- deavor to meet the wants of the people of the vicinity. ^H^HOMAS CHURCH, of section 20, Scott Ujlj township, Stevens county, is a son of Thomas and Mary (Buckley) Church. He was born August 7, 1855, coming to this county with his parents in 187*'. He has lived at home all the time, except two years spent in the Eocky Mountain countiy. He was there engaged as an engineer in a saw- mill for a time, also f(jllowed mining to some extent. When his peo])le (irst came to Amei'ica they stopped in \'enango county, Pennsylvania, ami the father was thei-e em- ployed on the railroad and in the oil wells for six years. From thei'e they mcjved to Scott township, Stevens county, Minnesota. STEVFNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 4>l At first our subject took a jireiJinption, wliicli iiiiallv became his homestead, which was proved upon in ISSl. It joins liis father's hind. He is still a single man and lives with ids parents, who farm extensively. AViien they came to the county there were only two liouses between their place and Morris. The iiail made a great loss to the ci'ops one year since they settled there. Our subject has about lifty acres under cultivation, lie lias been elected to the olfices of assessor, oonstai)ie for four years, supervisor one year, school clei'k five years, etc. lie is a member of the Ancient Order of llii)ernians. Division Xo. 1, at Morris, also is a mend)ei' of the lioman Catholic Church. He is an ailvocate of prohibition. His father's family consists of the following named cliildren — A[ary Francis (married to John F. Driscoll, an engineer at St. Paul) ; Honora E. is still unmarried and lives at St. Paul with lier sister, above named ; Thomas, who is the subject of the above sketch. — ^.^.-. [aNES a. JOHNSON, of the law, loan and insurance lirm of Johnson & Pickneil, located at the village of Morris, came to that place in the spring of 1878 and took up a homestead of 1(!0 acres of land on section 8, in Alorris townshij), on which he commenced farming operations. This he carried on for live years, and in 1SS3 moved into the village and entered inttt the law, I'eal estate and in- surance business. In the sunniu'r of 1886 the present firm was formed. I\Ir. Jolinson is a native of .Marlborough, Cheshire county. New llam])shire, and was born March 1, ls.">:',. He is the son of liev. J. Gilbert and ILo.sanna (Iluckins) Johnson, tiie former a native of Claremont, that State, and a clergyman of the Methodist Ciuircii, and the latter of the State of Vermont. In 1854 the subject of this memoir was brought to Minnesota b}' his parents, who located in Goodhue county. Heie Janes was reared and received his education in the district schools of that countv and in the lied "\Vin secre- tary of the local board of insurance under- writers. He has always taken an active in- terest in all matters of a public nature, and is one of tiie most highly respected citizens of the countv. 412 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. /p^HARLESLEAMAN, one of the well-to-do N^y fanners of Stevens county, living on section 2. Baker township, has a vahuible farm of 320 acres, of wliich he has some 125 acres under cultivation. He is a native of Hamburg, Germany, antl is the son of John Henry Charles and Emma Sophia (Little) Leaman. He was born March 22, 1840, in that ancient cit}', one of the few survivors of the Free Cities of the Germanic Confedera- tion, and was tliere reared. His parents wei'e in excellent financial circumstances, and he was given the advantages of a supei'ior education. At the age of fourteen he was sent to one of tiie famous colleges of the father- laiul, and remained thei'e for three years. When he was about seventeen 3'ears of age he came to America, and in the province of Quebec, Canada, was em])loyed in the lum- ber woods in the winter months and in log- driving in the summer for about five years. From tliere he went to Ontario, Canada, and there followed the same line of business for about the same period of time. Coming to the United States at the end of that engage- ment, he located in Winnebago county, Wis- consin, and there worked for Jones & Well- ington, in the woods and in saw-mills, for some ten years. In the year 1876 he came to Stevens county, in the employ of the same firm, and operated a farm that they owned here for three years, and then, starting for himself, took u|). under the homestead act, 160 acres of land, and a like amount as a tree claim. On tiiis estate he has lived ever since, and lias. In' the exercise of industry, intelligence and economy, raised himself from the poverty in which he came to this county to comparative affluence and ease. Mr. Leaman was united in marriage April 12, 186S, with Miss Sarah Visina, the daughter of Eli and Mary Jane (Hamilton) Visina, na- tives of Canada and Scotland, respectively, the formei' of French descent. By this union they have had a family' of four chil- dren — I\Iary Louise, who was I)orn January 10, 1869 : Henry Charles, born December 12, 1870; Howard Edgar, born September 6, 1875, and Claude Garfield, boi-n November 16, tSSO. The subject of this memoir is a republican in his politics, and has held the offices of assessor, supervisor and clerk of the school board since his advent here, and is one of the representative men of the town and county. He is a member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, ISTo. 133, A. F. & A. M., of Morris and an active participant in all the work of the order. _ LEXANDER CALDER MACKENZIE, ^?rfc>^l one of Stevens county's most pros- perous and highly esteemed citizens, is a res- ident of section 22, Eldorado township. He is a native of Scotland, born in IMorayshire, March 4, 1S4S, and is a son of Allen and Anna (Calder) Mackenzie, both of whom were also natives of Scotland. He renuiined at home, herding sheep and cattle until he was twenty-two years old, at which time he came to the LTnited States and settled in Massachusetts, where he worked eleven months in Ames' shovel factory. He then went to Burlington, Iowa, and after remain- ing there for a short time he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and worked through har- vest on the surrounding farms. In October, 1871, he went to Red Wing, Minnesota, and after remainino- there durino; the winter he returned to St. Paul, where he remained four months. He was then engaged by Captain Amlerson, who was supjilying Fort Steven- son, Fort Totten and Fort Buforil with cat- tle by contract. He remaineil with C;n)tain Anderson, gathering cattle around Hutchin- son, Minnesota, until October 7. 1872, when he retui'ned to St. Paul and secured work in the St. Paul Harvester Works. He remained with this corapanjf until April, 1878, when STEVf:/VS COUNTY, AffyXESOTA. •413 lie came to Stevens county, and took a home- . stead of eiglity acres and a tree claim of 100 acres in section 22. Eldorado township. Later, he transferred eighty acres of his tree claim to his homestead and has proved them both up. He now has a well improved farm and a "-ood tree claim. althouo:h in ISSfi he lo.st all his trees and crop by hail, in 1882 he lost his crop of hay. l)arn and some machinery by fire, and in ISSl ho lost all his horses, which numbered seven, by the nasal gleet, lie now has four horses and twenty two head of cattle and is entjaffed in jjeneral farming and stock-raisino-. His father's family consisted of the fol- lowing chddrcn — John, who was city physi- cian of Edinburg at the time of his death, in 1S72 ; Donald, accountant in the lioyal Bank of Edinburg; Colin came to this country with our subject, for his health, and returned to Scotland in October, 1872, and remained there until the spring of 1877, when he paid a second visit to the United States but re- turned on the event of the father's death, in October, 1877 ; ]\Iarv. who is tiie wife of Mr. McGregor and. lives in Scotlanil ; Peter, sin- gle and living on the old homestead ; Allan, a doctor in Much Wenlock. Shropshire. Eng- land : James, who is a drutjtrist in Ledbui'v, Herefordshire, England ; William, single and living in Eldorado township ; Geoi-ge and Elizel)etli. both of whom are single and liv- ing on the old farm in Scotland. Oui- subject was uniteil in marriage, Octo- ber 2it. 187i. to Miss Annie Stuart Macin- tosh, daughter of ^neas and Isabelle Mac- intosh, who were natives of Scotland, and this union has been blessed with the follow- ing childi-en — Allan, Mary, Annie, Isabelle, Kenneth and Jessie, all of whom are living and at home. Mr. Mackenzie is a man of the greatest honor and integrity. He was aji- pointed the first chairman of the board of supervisors by the county commissioners, and now holds the position of town clerk. He and his family are exemplary members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a repub- lican in his political affiliations, and takes an active interest in all public and educational matters. He may justly be termed one of the leading citizens of the northern part of Stevens countv. -«-; «<►► I^^^^ENNIS HUNTLEY, one of Stevens J— ^ county's successfid farmers, livinjr on his fine farm, situated on section 14. Moore townshii). is a native of Vermont, havinsr been born in the town of ]\[organ, Caledonia county, of that State, July 3, 1842. His parents were Dennis and Lydia (Hartwell) Huntley. The mother died when our sub- ject was a year and one-half old, at Jforgan. Vermont. The father moved to East Pan- dolph, Massachusetts, when l^ennis. Jr.. was but three years of age. His father remained there seven years, but when the son was five years old he went back to Vermont, and lived with a brother; he also lived for a time in St. Johnsberry. In the spring of 185.5, when our subject was thirteen years old, he came West with his father, who set- tled in Washington countv, ^[mnesota, and there remained until the war broke out. Dennis Huntley, Jr.. our subject, then en- listed, in August. 1862, in the Seventh INIinne- sota Volunteers. He was discharged. August 3. 1865, at Fort Snelling. ^finnesota. He made a good and brave soldier, taking part in the battles of Tui)elo. Mississippi, Fort Spanish.Xashville.thesiege of Mobile, besides numerous other engagements of less historic note. When the Indian War broke out in August. 1S62. Comjjany C. of the Seventii Minnesota regiment, were sent to Fort Pip- ley, remaining there until November, then were sent back to Fqrt Snelling. and from there to Mankato. where, during the winter of 1862-1863, they guarded the Indian cap- 414 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. tives liehl tliere, and, finally, took the same to Davenport, Iowa. The command then started across the plains, under General Sible\% to Lake Jesse, Devil's Lake, captur- intr Little Crow's son. During' all tliis ion":, tedious and dangerous campaign, our subject never siiirked a known duty, but was always seen on duty :it command of his superiors. After his experience in the North at soldier- ing, our subject was sent to 8t. Louis on provost guard duty for a short time, and from that time on was in active field service in tiie South, as before described. At the close of the war he returned to Marine, Washington c<-r- ator" at that place. He then went to St. Joseph, Michigan, wheie he was engineer in 4i6 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. a factory for two years. He then returned to liis former home in Iowa, and a short time hiter, in 1S75, he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, where he has since lived. For a few montlis he was a clerk in tlie store of Wolff & Wells, of ilorris, and at the expira- tion of that time he came to Hancock and purchased a lialf intei'est in the mercan- tile business of Wells, Helgeson & Co. The business is now carried on under the firm name of Helgeson & Wilcox, and they carry the heaviest stock of o-oods in the village. Tiiey have an extensive trade, as both mem- bers of tlie firm are recognized as men of the ucmost integrity. Mr. Wilcox was married January 9, 1878, at Minneapolis, to Miss Mattie Y. Danforth. a daughter of Dudley Danforth, who is men- tioned at length elsewhere in this Album. The\' are the parents of two children — Meitie and Clara. In political matters, our subject has always supported the republican party. He has taken an active interest in public matters since he settled here, and is recognized as one of the leading business men of the vil- lage. He has held various local offices, in- cluding tliose of president of the village council, village treasurer, etc. ^;^EORGE H. MUNRO, the present .sheriff V^^ of Stevens county, came to Morris in September, 1877, and was engaged in the purchase of wiieat foi- the Davidson Elevatoi- Company and D. \l. Sutherland & Co. unlil Mie spi'ing of 1882. At that time lie bouglit tiic tw(} drug stores of J. P. II. Mor- ns and F. M. Teele. and, consolidating them, was engaged in tlie ^irug trade, under tlie firm name of George H. Munro it Co., until June. ISS."), when he sold out his inter- ests here antl returned to his former homo, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. After spending some six months there and about the same time in St. Paul, Minnesota, he came back to Morris in March, 1884r, and again entered into the drug trade. In this he continued until May, 1886, when he finally closed it out. Mr. Munro was elected to the office of sheriff in ]S"ovember, 18S-t, and, being re- elected in the fall of 1886, he holds tliat office at the present writing. He is a native of Sidney, Cape Breton Island, a part of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada, and was born March 12, 1846. His parents, Hon. Hugh and Hannah (Croll) Munro, were natives of the Highlands of Scotland and of Xova Scotia, respectively. His father left the land of his birth when a young man and came to Cape Breton, where he engaged in the profession of teaching, and was the superin- tendent of schools of the Eastern District of the Province for some \'ears. Later in life he was eno-aged in the mercantile trade at Sidney, and while there was elected member of the House of Assembly, Provincial Pai'- liament, and served for twelve years. In 1860 he was made chairman of the board of jiublic works, and removed to Halifax, the capital of the Province, and held that posi- tion until the change of Government in 1804. In 1866 he removed to Boston, Massachusetts, and in 1873 he came to Minnesota, and for a year made his home in St. Paul. The next year he was employed in buying wheat at Benson for the old Miller's Association. In 1875 he came to Morris and bought wheat for the same company, and died in St. Paul in 1878. His wife died at Morris in 1886, and both are buried at St. Paul. The subject of our sketch remained with his j)arents until 1863, wlien he went to lios- ton. Massachusetts, where he made his home until 187-:!, at which time he came to St. Paul, Minnesota, and entered tlie employ of the St. Paul & Pacific Pailroad Company in their car shojis. After remaining there sr/':r/-A'.s count v. m/a'A'esota. 417 for some time, and in the employ of Seymour, Sabin & Co., of Stillwater, he came to Morris in 1877, as above mentioiiod. ft[r. l\[unr() was uniteil in marriage in Octo- ber, 1S7!>. witii Miss Eliza Somes, of Charles- town, Jlassaciiusetts, and by this union is the ])ai'ent of twociiildren — Lawrence and James. Mrs. i\[iinro is a native of Massachusetts. ]\[r. Munro is a member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons; Mount Lebanon Chapter, No. 47, Royal Arch Masons; Bethel (^ommandery, No. lit. Knights Temi)lar, of Morris; and Osman Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, St. Paul. He lias held offices in all these lodges, and is the present Captain-Genend of the Commandery. He has ever been one of the most active members of the Morris fire department, and is the present chief. Every enterjirise of a j'ulilic nature calculated to benefit either town or county receives his active sup])()i't and ene<(uragenient, and his genial ways and prompt and officicmt manner of doing business have won him fiieniis and supporters wherever his acquaintance ex- tends. WILLI.^M D. Mackenzie, a pros- perous and esteemed citizen of Stevens county, is a resident of section 32, Eldorado township. He is a native of Scot- land, born in Moray-Shire. Scotland, Septem- ber Hi, ls(i2, and is a son of Allen and Ann (Calder) MacKenzie, who are also natives of that land. He remained on the home farm, until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to the United States. He came to Minnesota and took a homeste;ul on section 32, Eldoi'ado township, Stevens county, where he has since remained. He also has a tree claim on section 18, and is in company with his Ijrother Peter in farming pursuits He proved up his claim in 1SS4, anil has a fine farm, with about 125 acres under culti- vation, with good building improvements. He is successfully engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising. He is an exemplary 7nember of the Presbyterian Church. In political matters he affiliates with the repub- lican party, and takes an active interest in all local affairs. 'HRISTIAN KLINE, one of Stevenscoun- ty's must prosperous citizens, is a resi- dent of Pepperton township, on section 14. He is a native of Germany, l)orn July 10, 1841. He remained at home until he was fourteen years old, going to school previous to that time. At the early age of fourteen he started alone for the United States, and settled in the town of Schenectady, New York, where he had an older brother living. There he learned the broom maker's trade, at which occupation he was engaged until ISGl. November 14, 1861, he enlisted in the First United States Lancers, and went to Staten Island, where the regiment was dis- banded, and he returned to Elmira, New York. lie then entered Companj' A, Tenth New York Cavalry, and they went to Get- tysburg, where they wintered. In the spring of 1862 they went to Black Ttiver, five miles from Baltimore, which place they made their headquarters until the fall of 1862. They then went to Washington, where they were supplied with horses, they having been on foot previous to this. Their first engage- ment was at the second battle of Bull Run, where the captain anil most of the company were taken prisoners by Fitz Hugh Lee's cav- alrv, our subject being one of those who es- caped. After those who were taken prison- ers were paroled, and the entire company re- united, they were put in Kilpatrick's Brigade and ordered to Leesburg. At this place the company saw their second battle, in wliich 4ie STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. tliey lost thoir bugler, and during the time from this battle until the spring of 1863 our subject's company was inactive. In the spring of 1863 the company participated in Stoneman's raid on Eichmond, then Pleas- anton's raid on Richmond, in which our sub- ject liad a horse shot from under him. After the Confederates had withdrawn from Fred- ericksburg, the company went on a recon- noitering tour witli Pleasanton, and were at the battle of Brandy Station, Avhich was tlie most terrific cavalry engagement in whicli the Armv of the Potomac participated. After tliis battle they were successively in the followino' eno-a"ements — Aldee, Middle- burg, Uppersville ; after which they returned and crossed the river at Harper's Ferry, on which trip the company guarded the wagon train, continuallj' fighting and holding tlie " rebs " back. They were in the battle of Gettysburg, on the 2nd and 3rd of July, 1863, and in this engagement quite a number of the company were killed. After the battle Gregg's division, to which the company be- longed, followed the Confedera.te army, cap- turing 1,-100 prisoners. They pursued the rebel ai'iiiy as far as Bristol Station, where tliey waited for the armv to come up. They then followed on to Kappahannock Station, where the army went into winter quarters. Gregg's division did picket duty until the spring of 1SGJ-, when Slieridan took charge of the cavah'v, and our subject was under him at the Ixittie of the Wilderness, after whicli they went to Petersburg. Our sub- ject received his first wound at Hatcher's Run, where lie was shot through tlie arm, and for the next two months was in Carver's Hospital in Washington, when he was honor- ably discharged. Mr. Kline then returned on a visit to his native land, and in the spring of 1865 he re- turned to this country and remained in New York State for two \'ears. He then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and bought eighty acres of land, on which he remained engaoed in agricultural pursuits until 1879. He then moved to Stevens county, Minnesota, and took his present farm in Pepperton township. He now has a line farm of 160 acres, 100 acres being under cultivation, and with good building improvements. He also holds his farm near St. Paul, Avhich he rents. He is a man of the highest integrity and honor, and is held in high esteem b}' all who know liim. Mr. Kline was married in New York State, March 6, 1869, to Miss Carrie Kline and they have been blessed with eight cliil- dren — Henry, Louise, Chi'istian, Anna, Alex- ander, Otto, William and Allie. Mr. Kline is a member of Overton Post, Grand Army of the Republic, No. 99, and is a republican politically. Charles a. pepper, one of the lead- ing dealers in agricultural implements and grain bvu'ers of the village of Morris, came to Stevens county in the fall of 1875, and took up a soldier's homestead on section 3-t, in township 125, range 43. Here he put up the first house west of what is now known as the Baker farm, and commenced the culti- vation of the soil. The following spring he erected more comfortable buildings, and moved his famil\' there. He remained on this place for some eight years and then removed to the village of Morris, and entered into the farm machinery business. In 1887 lie entered into partnership with N. R. Spurr, who had been in the grain trade, and consoli- dated their businesses, and tliey are now among the leaders in those lines. When the town of Pepperton was organ- ized it was named after our subject, as he was the first actual settler within its limits and had built the first house thei'ein. He was elected the first assessor of the precinct at the first town meeting, which was held at STEVEN^S COUNTY, AfllVNESOTA. 419 liis liouse, and lias filled the office of justice of tiie peace for a miinher of years. The first religions services in tiiat township were held at his house, as W(!re the first school meetings and other public gatherings. ^Ir. Pepper is a native of Jhirliiigton, Des Moines county, Iowa, and was born June 1, 1845. His jiarents, Charles and Louisa Pepper, were natives of Prussia. His father died in July, 184:5, of wounds received in arm}' service, and the mother of our subject, in IS.'iO, ninrried Rev. Charles Ilollmann and moved to .^[innesota about 1855. His step-father served for a iiunilicr of years in the vai'ious German j\[ethodist Churches of this State, but is now living in retirement, being superannuated. He is next to the oldest clergyman of that denomi- nation in the United States, and has in his possession one of the first Bibles ever printed. This book was pi-inted in the early ])ai't of the fifteenth century, and of this edition there are only three known to be in exis- tence; 81-000 has been offered for it whicii offer was tleclineil. Charles A. Peppei* remained with tiie family until May, 1802, when he went to Quincy, Illinois, and entei'ed the college there. In the spring of 1863 he enlisted in Company II, Seventh Iowa Cavahy, whicii was as- signed for duty to the department of lEissonri. The regiment was employed in frontier serv- ice until May, 18(J6, when he was discharged and returned to Illinois. His step-father was then located at Galena, and thither he went, and the same year he started a sash and blind factory, in that city, under the hi'm name of C. II. Bigelow & Company. He remained there until 1871, when he came to this State and located on a farm in Washing- ton county. He made his home there until coming to Stevens county, as above related. Mr. Pejiper was married. October 5, 1870, to Miss Charlotte Bach, and by this union they have a family of five children — Charles L., Flora L., John L., AlfrettaC. and Gilbert N. Our subject is a member of Crvstal Lodge, No. 132, I. O. O. F ; Morris Lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. W.; Scott Legion, No. 13, Select Knights and of Overton Po.st, No. 90, G. A. K. In the post he has held the office of quartermaster for the last three or four years. JOHN HUNTER. One of the most sub- stantial, reliable and highly respected citizens of the village of Hancock is the iren- tleman whose name heads this article. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 14th of September, 1839. and is a son of Frank and Mary Ann (McCulloch) Hunter. His parents had a family of four children, named — John, Robert, Joseph and ^fartlia, all of whom are still living in the land of their birth except our subject. The father died in Scotland in 1883. John Hunter, our sui)ject, grew to man- hood and received his education in his native land, attending school until he was about fifteen years of age. When seventeen he beg.an learning the shoemaker's trade, and followed that until 1868. At that time, thinking th:it in the New World he would find a better field for his energies and easier opportunity to attain a competency than in the land of his birth, he came to the United States. Landing at New York City he at once came to Fillmore county, Minnesota, and for two months lived at Chatlield. He then settled at Eyota, where, for two yeare, he was engaged at railroad business. At tiie expiration of that time he .settled at Delano, Wright county, where he followed his trade, slioemaking. After living there three yeai-s he then abandoned his ti-ide on account of sickness, and went to Campbell, Wilkin county, Minnesota, where he was engaged in railroail business for three y<'ars. At tlie 420 STEVE A^S COUNTY, MINNESOTA. expiration of that time he came to Hancock, and has since been in the employ of tlie Man- itoba Tiailroad Company at that place. He has worked for the company, all told, about fifteen years. He has quite extensive prop- erty interests here, and owns a farm of 2-K) aci-es in Moore township, which he rents. Mr. Hunter was married before leaving Scotland, on the 21st of October, 1862, to Miss Mary S. Shelly, a native of Scot- land, and a daughter of James Shelly. Their marriage has been blessed with .seven children — Jennie, Mary, Agnes, Anna, John, James and William. Jennie mari-ied Albert Giles, and they live at Wilmot, Dakota Ter- ritory. Mary and Agnes are school teachers by profession, having finished their educa- tions at the Normal School at St. Cloud. The rest are at home. Mr. Hunter, in political matters, has always had a tendency toward republicanism, alth(mgh he does not recognize the right of a party to wholly control his political action, and would more properly be classed as an independent. The family are active and ex- emplary members of the Congregational church, and Mr. Hunter has been a deacon and trustee in this organization during the most of the time he has lived here. -«" f^COB TROST, an enterprising agricult- urist, of the town of Potsdam, has his home on section 14. He is a native of Min- nesota, having been born in Dakota count}', November 7, 1860, and is the son of Jacob and Kate (Veith) Trost. His parents were natives of Germany, who came to the United States in 1853, and settled in Dakota county, Minnesota, among the first to locate in that part of the State. His father was a veteran of the late Civil War, and died February 7, 1888, and the mother still makes her home in Dakota county. The subject of this sketch remained at home with his parents, assisting in carrying on the farm and in attending the district schools, until he was about nineteen years of age, when he came to Stevens county, and located on the farm on which he now lives, which his father liad taken as a homestead about a year and a half previous. He at once commenced the cultivation of the soil and the improvement of the ]ilace, and now has a fine farm of .320 acres, and devotes liis attention to general furmin"- and stock-rais- Mr. Trost was united in marriage. January 21, 1884:, with Miss Winna Falimar. and by this union is the parent of two children — Lydia C. and Edward J., l)oth uf whom are living. In his political views Mr. Trost is in ac- cord with the principles of the democratic party, as formulated in the platforms of that organization, and votes for the candidates presented by regular conventions of the same. He is one of the industrious, energetic and thrifty farmers of Everglade township, and one of its most prominent citizens. Mr. Trost is tlie proprietor of a steam thresher, which he runs in the fall of each year. «^- 'HARLES E. CAMP, formerly a prosper- ous farmer of section 29, Darnen town- ship, now a resident of Morris village, was born at St. Paul, Minnesota, July 20, 1865. He is the son of John H. and Amelia A. (Sherwin) Camp. His father was a na- tive of Ashtabula, Ohio, and his mother's birthplace was in Massachusetts. They came to the State of Minnesota about 1858, Mr. Camp engaging in the wholesale dry goods business, which he followed until 1875. From that time until about 1881 he followed farming at and near Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he had over 2,600 STEVE N^S COUNTY, M/NXESOT.I. 421 acres of 1:111(1. From tlie farm lie went to Minneapolis, where lie engaged in the real estate business, i'cjilowing that line until the time of his cleat li, which occurred in April, 1SS5. lie lia,d large landed interests in Kan- diyohi, Chippewa, l'o|)e and Stevens coun- ties, amounting to upward of 31,0()() acres in total. Ciiai'Ies E. Camp, who inherited much of his father's business ability, commenced life on his. own account, in ISSG, buying his j)ros- ent farm of G40 acres, all of section 29, in Darnen township, Stevens county. That season he made much change in the appear- ance and value of bis newly purchased home, by the erection of good buildings, etc., at an expense of $-i,500. His farm now has 200 acres under a high state of cultivation. Like many another intelligent farmer in ^rinuL'Sota, lie has turned his special atten- tion to the breeding of draft horses, which has come to be a great and {)iolitable liranch of farm business. Our subject was married to Miss Catharine Z. Laild, of Cottage Grove, Washington county, Minnesota. No young man in the country starts out in life under more favor- able circumstances than does Mi'. Camp, lie takes an active and prominent part in all public affairs, especially of those matters re- lating to schools and educational facilities, and is, at this writing, a meniber of the school lioard of the district in which he lives. -■*>-& i"-^- /^ RICK E. SOLSETH. Among t he jirom- \^Qf inent citizens of the town of Framnas, who are of Scandinavian birth, is the gentle- man of whom this sketch is written, and whose name stands at the head of it. He is a resident of section 12, of that suljdivision of the county, where he is carrying on agri- cultural pui-suits on his farm of 320 acres. Mr. Solseth was born in Norway, ^lay 25, 1S30, and is the son of Erick Erickson and Julia (Olson) Solseth, who were natives of that kingdom. He was educated in the hmd of his birth, and raised to theage of fifteen in that country. In 1840 he came to the United States with his parents, and after crossing the Atlantic Ocean, landed at the port of New York. From the latter place ilie family proceeded to Albanv' on a Hat-boat, and fi-om there to IJulfalo by the Erie Canal. Taking the steamer at that city, they were soon landed at Milwaukee, and shortly after settled on a farm at Vorkville Prairie, Ra- cine county, Wisconsin, where they remained some nine years. At the expiration of that time they removed to Fillmore county, Min- nesota, and located on a farm. The subject of this sketch was reared upon a farm, and thoroughly learned the rules of that business. He remained with his parents until 1ST2, when be came to Stevens county, and on his arrival here, took up, under the homestead act, the 160 acres of land to which he was entitled, and which is a part of his present farm. One of his first acts in the county was a movement toward the organization of the town and the school district, circulating the necessary petitions himself. He was success- ful in his efforts, and the town was organ- ized, and the whole township made one school district. Through his endeavors the next sjjring a school-house was erected and education commenced. His first winter here was a veiy hard one, five persons being frozen to death that season. Mr. Solseth was married, September 3t>, 1855, to Miss Augusta Nilson, and they are the parents of four chiklreii — Ei'ick and Nels living and two deceased. He lias been chairman of the town board, and town clerk and is justice of the peace and the postmaster of Nash postoilice. He is a rejmblican, and a member of the Lutheran Church. 422 STEVEXS COUXTV, uVfNNESOTA. R. SPURR, the senior partner in tlie firm of N. E. Spiirr & Co., dealers in grain and agricultural implements, in the village of Morris, came to that place in ISSO and commenced the purchase of wheat foi" the Davidson Elevator Company. Thi'ee years later he put in a stock of groceries and was engaged in that line for about three years and then, disposing of it, went into the grain trade for himself. In 1887 the present firm was formed by the admission of Charles A. Pepper, who was engaged in the sale of agricultural im])lements, and the two busi- nesses were consolidated. Since coming to this village, Mr. Spurr has taken a deep in- terest in the welfare of the commimity and the growth of the place, and has served as a member of the council at different times, and is the present president of the village board. The subject of this sketch is a native of Columbus. Chenango county, New York, and received his education and resided there until he had attained his twenty second year. In 1859 he came "West and located at Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, and there was engaged in the purchase of grain, and had the flour trade with the Indian agency. In the spring of lS(iO he fitted out a company and went to Pike's Peak, and for two years was engaged in freighting from Omaha and Plattsmouth to Denver, Colorado, and the mines. K.t the expiration of that time, he returned to Sauk Rapids, and was in the milling business until August, 1862, vrlien he enlisted in Company I, Seventh Minnesota Infantry, and was mustered into the United States' service on the 14-th of that month. The regiment was with the expedition to the Crow Wing Agency until late that fall, and then re- turned to Mankato, and guarded the captive Indians there, until the savages were hung. From there they went with General Sibley to Fort Abercrombie, but in the autumn of 1803 were transferred to the army in the South. They wei'e assigned for duty to the Sixteenth Army Corps, and participated in the three days' battle at Tupelo, Mississipi)i, atid in nuinv others, including the sanguinarv conflict at Xashville, where the ''boys in blue,'" under General Thomas, annihilated the army of the rebel General Hood ; and in the siege of Spanish Fort. From the latter place, they marched to ]\Iontgomery, Ala- bama, and from there to Selma, in the same State. There the}' were mustered out and were discharged at St. Paul, August 11. 1865. On retiring from the service Mr. Spurr was engaged in freighting for the Govern- ment to the frontier ]>osts most of the time, until 1872. He then commenced contracting in railroad work, and helped grade the rail- road through this county, and was in other employments, until 1880, when he came to Morris and located. He is a member of Crystal Lodge, No. 132. I. O. O. F.; and is the Post Commander of Overton Post. No. '■•it, G. A. R. He is a member of the Board of Education, of the village, and takes great interest in all school affairs. Mr. Spurr was married, in 1870, at Sauk Rapids, to Miss Amelia R. Hughes, and the issue of this union have been three chiUii'en — Stephen II., Hugh R. and Zoe. J^RANK GRENOUGH SMITH, who lives xP^ on section 21, Rendsville township, is a farmer, house painter and grainei-. He is the son of Samuel Bradley Smith ; his mother was Mary Ann (Hidden) Smith. He was born in New Hampshire, September 23, 1853, and is a graduate of the graded school at Lake City, Minnesota. At the age of four- teen, he commenced learning the painter's trade and continued the same until he was seventeen. From that date until he was twenty-two years old he worked on the farm. The next three years of his life he worked at painting in Morris, Minnesota. In S TE I -J:XS CO CA' T Y, MINNESO TA . 423 1S76 he took up a homestead, located on the nortliwest quarter of section 21, Eendsville townsliip, where he has since lived. In his vouiii;- manhood days he enjoyed life only as blythesome youth can, going into societ\' and frcijuontly going out camping, picking berrifs and lisiiing, etc. At tiie age of ten lie spent eight moiit lis at Fort Abercrombie, with his father, who was then a soldier. Tills was great sport for tlie youth, wlio will ever remember the event, .lunt' 14, 1885, Jlr. Smith was married to Emma Lovina liorrill, of llendsville township, who is the daughter of John and Anna (Holmes) Bor- rill, natives of Dakota county, ]\Iinnesota. 8he was born, Xovend^er 4, lS(i5. By this marriage union two bright eyed, rosy-faced children have come to gladden the hearts and home of the j)arents — Roland, born April 11, 1886, and Uichardson Palmer, born December 8, 1887. Oar subject is a republican, though not of the radical i)arty stripe, and leans toward protection, lie has been supervisor of his towiisiiip for three years and clerk of his school district for some time, having always taken an active and prominent part in all matters of a public nature. — — «"S^l^"^— - ^J\ UGUST ERICKSON,the village record- Jt~S5^ er, and one of tiie most capable \'oung l)usiiu'ss men in the village of Hancock, was btjrn in ( 'hrisliania, the capital of Norwa\', on the ITtli of February, 1863. He is a son of iM'ick and Christina (Thorstenson) Erickson, who were also natives of the same city. His parents are still living, his father having been enjiaged in the fancv "grocery business at Christiania for over twenty years. In the father's family there were two children — August, our subject, and Oscar. The latter came to Stevens county in 1883, but soon went to Minneapolis, where he is now em- ployed as a mechanic by the Minneapolis it St. Louis Bailway Company. August Erickson, whose name heads tliis article, grew to manhood and received his education in the city of his birth, in Norway, and after finishing his schooling, was em- ployed as a clerk there until ISSl. During that year he came to the United States, landing at Pliilad('l[)liia. He at once came West, and after making short stops at Chi- cago, Hlinois, Milwaukee and Waupon, Wis- consin, he finally arrived at the village of ■Hancock, in Stevens county, Minnesota, in September, 1881. He soon afterward was employed as a book-keeeper in the general stcjre of Helgeson it Wilcox, and has since held that position. Mr. Erickson is a republican in political matters, and has always taken an active in- terest in all public matters. He was elected village recorder in March, 1887, and was re- elected in 1S8S, so that he still holds that position. He is a member of the ilasonic fraternity, and also of the village band and the Hre company, being treasurer of the latter orijanization. -'"•^HARLES W. COMSTOCK, who is a well-to-do farmer of Stevens county, resides on section 22, Hodges township Like every man who has a name among men, he has also a place in history. It is by re viewing one life, with its experiences, that another man may be taught and prolited. Our subject was born in Penobscot county, Maine, September, 6, 1851. His parents were Solomon and Berthia (Marshi Comstock, both of whom are now living with their son. Charles AV., the father having reached tiie advanced age of ninety yeai-s, wiiile the motiier is seventy-one years of age. They, too, were natives of tiie State of Maine, but many yeai-s after tiieir marriage moved to 424 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. Prescott, AYisconsin, the date being about 1871. Tliey remained there one year, and removed to Stevens county, Minnesota, tak- ing up the land where their son now lives and farms. They went back to Wisconsin and spent that winter, returning in the sum- mer. In 1876 our subject went to the Black Hills, being gone from March until Novem- ber. He lias the honor of being the first one to take a load of freight into Dead wood City, as well as to having carried the first woman who ever rode into Deadwood. It came about in this manner: The stage had been robbed and this lady left bv the wayside and was taken up by our subject ami taken into tlie town of Deadwood. He was en- gaged at freighting and mining while there, and relates many narrow escapes. It was then extremely wild and rough in that sec- tion. He came home from that trip and in 1877, went to Winnepeg and the North- western country adjoining it. He traveled all summer, trading and dealing in horses, cattle, buffalo robes, etc. He also owned a butcher shop at "Winnei)eg, which he sold upon leaving. From there he returned to Stevens county, where he has since lived. He now owns 880 acres of land on sections 21, 22 and 34 of Hodges township, and with- in two miles and a half of Hancock. His jilace is the finest in the vicinity, containing the best buildings and general improvements of any to be seen in Stevens county. A year or more ago, our sul>ject bought up 200 horses in Chicago and Nebraska, and has l)epn more or less engaged in buying and selling. In 1878, he engaged in the farm machinery business, and up to two years ago had sold nearly all the machinery sold at Hancock. lie is a man of much prominence, being the president of the Pope and Stevens County Breeders' Association, and he and Messrs. Dresser it Dickenson organized the concern. Their stock are principally Eng- lish Shire, Percheron, French Coach and Cleveland Bay horses. Since the organization of the township, Mr. Comstock has been clerk of the same ; also deputy sheriff of Stevens county since 1879. Among other local offices he has held with much credit, are those of school clerk and supervisor. In politics he is a tariff reformer of the republican stamp. He ran the first newspaper at Hancock, Minnesota, called the " Olive Branch^'' continuing the same for five years. It was he, too, who opened the first meat market at Hancock and operated a harness shop for a time. Another era in this man's life, which was of no small importance, was his mari'iage in January, 1882, to Miss Carrie Gunderson, a native of Norway, who came to America in 1868, with her people, who are residents of Hoff township, Stevens county, Minnesota, at the present time. Slie is the oldest of a family of seven children. A sketch of her parents will be found in another department of this Album. Mr. Comstock has but one brother — "Wil- ber — now living in "Walden township. Pope county, Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Comstock are the parents of three sons — Earl, Carroll and Solomon. The oldest is five j'ears of age. Mrs. Com- stock belongs to the Lutheran Church. Mr. Comstock's mother's uncle was the first Methodist Episcopal minister to proclaim the truth in the State of ilaine. BR. SUTHERLAND, M. D., one of the prominent pi'acticing ])hysicians, of Morris, came to Stevens county, and located on what is known as the Sutherland farm in June, 1879. This property was oi'iginally opened by General George L. Becker, of St. Paul, and contained some 3,0u0 acres l\'ing in the towns of Morris and Darnen, and on it STEl'E^VS COUNTY, MI.VNESOTA. 425 the Doctor commenced farming on an exten- sive scale, cultivating 1,100 acres. lie re- maincil on tlie farm some five years, and tiien traded it for ]\[inneai)olis proi)crt\-. He tiien came to tiie village of Jlorris, and for two years was connected with the First National Hank as vice-president and presi- dent, after which lie sohl out his interest in the hanking business, and has been since then occujHed in tlie practice of his profes- sion. In 18S0 he erected an elevator at Morris, now the North Dakota Elevator, and operated it under the firm name of D. R. Sutlierland & Company for three or four years. In ISSl the same firm put up an elevator at Donnelly, which tliey ran until its destruction by fii-e, in 1SS3. He was for several years president of the school board of Morris, and takes a great interest in all educational matters. In ISSO he laid out Sutherland's addition to the village, and is one of the most public-spii'iteii, prominent and influential citizens in this part of the State. Dr. Sutherland was born at Poughkeejisie, Dutchess county, New York, November 9, 1852, and is the son of Walter and Julia Suthei'land. lie drew his primary education from the schools of his native place, and in lSfi9 matriculated at Yale College. He remained in tiuit celebrated institution of learning for two 3'ears, but, on account of failing iiealth, was compelled to relinquish his studies there. For a year he studied medicine at home, and then entered Colum- l)ia College of Physicians and Sui-geons, from wiiich he .was graduated in 1874. He opened an office in Poughkeepsie, New York, and continued in practice tiiere some four oi' live years, with the exception of one year spent by him in the Soutli foi- Iiis Iiealth. In 1879 he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, where lie has since resided. Dr. Sutherland was married, in December, 1S78, to Miss Pauline Doty, of Poughkeep- sie, New York, and by this union is the par- ent of three children— Essie, Mae and ! Douglas. The subject of our sketch is a member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 132, A. F. & A. M.; Mt. Lebanon Chapter, No. 47, R. A. M.; Bethel Commandcry, No. 19, K. T.; Minne- apolis Consistory, No. 2 ; and Zurah Temple of Minneapolis. He is the present Eminent Commander of the Commandery, and has held one of the offices of the same ever since it was established here, and is one of the offi- cers of the Grand Commandery of the State. He is also a member of the Odd-Fellow's fraternity, and of the Encampment. No man in the county is more widely, or more favorably known. His extensive property interests here, and his active busi- ness life, together with his energy, enterprise and business ability, have connected his name indissolubly with the history of the growth and development of this part of the State. -^^ ►^> ^MU STIN THOMPSON, one of the first j^^^ settlers of Stevens county, and a highl}^ respected citizen of the town of Framnas, is living on section 14, of that civil subdivision of the county. He came to this part of the State with Charles Olson, Thomas Hagen, his father, and others, in 1866, and has been a resident of the county ever since. He is a member of the Scandinavian race, that has done so much toward the develop- ment and uplniilding of this State, and is one of the influential ami leading men in the community. Mr. Thompson was born in Norway, No- vember 27, 1847, and is the .son of Thove and Augusta (Austinson) Austinson Ilagen. who were also natives of the kingdom of Norwav. He was reared in the land of his birth, and there received his education. In 426 STEVFA'S COUNTY. MIXXESOTA. 1S60, in company with his parents, he came to the United States, landing at Quebec, Canachi, from whence tlie family came, at once, to Fillmoi-e county, Minnesota. His father and he worked a farm on shares for a time, and in 1866 our subject came to Stevens county with the pioneers of this region, and was one of the first to make a home in the county. For the first two years he Avas en- gaged in teaming, and hauling supplies for the settlers, after which he took up 160 acres of land as a homestead, and commenced farming on his own account. He was mar- ried, November 17, 1870, to Miss Anna Baker. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are the parents of nine children, eight of whom are living — Thomas, Benjamin, Martin A., Alfred, Aus- tin, Clara, Hilman and Mary A. Our sub- ject is a republican in his political belief, and religiously is a member of the Lutheran Church. Plis father, who is approaching the age when he should take his ease, is liv- ing with his son, having lost his wife by death. Mr. Thompson has a beautiful farm of 182 acres of land of a most excellent character, and all the improvements upon it are the re- sult of his own efforts. It is one of the best in the town, and show's most conclusivelj' that the owner has a thorough knowledge of the art of husbandry, and carries out his ideas in a most exemplary manner. -«-: fDHN KOPETZKE, a prominent and ener- getic agriculturist of Stevens county, is a resident of section 32, Swan Lake township. He is a native of Prussia, born in Bromberg, Prussia, September 25, 1839, and is the son of Matthies and Rosa (Hamlin) Kopetzke, both of whom were also natives of that king- dom. Oursul)ject received his education in a Ciormanic common school, and worked on liis fathei-'s farm until his enlistment in the German army. In 1862 John entered Company Eight, Infantry Number Fourteen, Second Army Corps, and served for three years, when his time expired. He par- ticipated in the Holstein War, and at its close, he immigrated to the United States, and after a voyage of seven weeks and four days he landed in New York City, July 28, 1865. After going to Chicago, Illinois, where he remained two weeks, he moved to Gibson Station, Indiana, and bought a small farm, on which he lived for eighteen years. In April, 1882 he came^to Stevens count}', and bought a farm of 160 acres in Swan Lake township, on section 32, and also took a homestead and tree claim of eighty and forty acres, respectively. Mr. Kopetzke was united in marriage in the City of Chicago, November 13, 1865, to Miss Augusta Ivreger, who came to the United States with our subject and her parents. They have been blessed with the following children— Willie, Rosa, John, ]\Iena, Enstine, Ellis, Josephine and Gusta, all living, and Andrew, who died. Rosa is living in Morris and is married to Mr. John Miconnie. Our subject and his family are exemplary members of the Catholic Church. He is a man who takes an active interest in all public matters, and is highly esteemed bj' all who know him. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic party. He has a fine farm of 240 acres under good cultiva- tion, and with good building improvements, and is engaged, extensively and successfulh', in general farming and stock-i'aising. -^^ \J-\\LE R. EYSTAD, a highly respected cit- Vi^^ izen of Scott township, Stevens county, is a resident of section 28. He was liorii in Norway, June 16, 1850 His parents are John and Betsey (Eystad) Eystad. Our sub ST/CrFA-S COUNTY, M/jVXF.SOTA. 427 jwt lived (in liis father's farm, and at- tended lligli Scliool at Clu'istiania for seven years. lie also spent a year at Ilorton College. In 1874, he came to the United States, and came directly to Morris, Stevens county, Minnesota. The following spring he bought out a claim and commenced substan- tial improvements on the same. His place consisted of 180 acres, upon which he has since lived. He proved upon the land taken as a homestead, in 1881. He has a good frame house and excellent granary. The laiul under cultivation amounts to seventy acres. Great has l)een the change in this section of tiie country, in which our worthy subject lives, since tirst he saw it. At that date there were but tliree houses in Scott townsliip. Jlr. Eystad was married in .January, 1877, to Mary Teugness, a daughter of Mathias and Jennie Teugness. This marriiige union lias been blessed by the advent of the follow- ing family of children — John, born June 8, 1879; Hannah, born July 22, 1881; Martin, born October 1!), 1883; Albert, born Septem- ber 22, 1885; and Alfred Oscar, born Febru- ary 22, 1888. Mr. E\'stad is a. republican, and has been honored by the offices of townsliip trustee, U)v nine years; school clerk, three years. By religious belief and profession the family are Lutherans. With the exception of the loss of some stock, six horses, six head of cattle and damaged crops two seasons by grasshop- pers, our Hulijcct has been very successful, and his present comfortable circumstances are entirely due to his own energy, industry and economy. The opportunities for obtain- ing a competency in this free land are so much broader than in the land of his birth, and the Held for the development of enterprise and thrift holds out such substantial rewards, that he has never regretted leaving the fatherland, where the chances for a poor man are indeed limited. James H. DELAHUNT, of section 12, ^ Morris township, Stevens county, was born, February 12, 1859, in Sheboygan county, Wisconsin. He is the son of Dennis and Mary Delahunt, natives of Ireland. They came to America in 1847, settling at (Quebec, Canada, where they remained two years, and then went to New Yoi-k State, but in 1858 moved to Wisconsin, where our subject, their son James, was born. At the age of eight years he left that State and went to TVtichigan, where he lived for two years, then went to Dakota, remaining live years on a fai-iii. From there he came back to Minnesota, settling in Stevens countv, where he now lives, he and his brother follnwiiig farming and lumbering. Our sub- ject owns 444- acres of land, a good herd of cattle, and twenty-two head of line horses. Mr. Delahunt was married on the 21st of October, 185G, to Miss i\larv Scanlen. a native of Ireland. She pjissed awa}' the 21st of February, 1876, leaving her husband and the following children to mourn her loss — William, James, Michael, John, Thomas, Mary and Margaret, all living at home ex- cept Michael, who is in Dakota. Politically, our subject is a staunch democrat. He and his family are mem bet's of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Delahunt is rated as one of the leading and most substantial farmers in the county. He is a man of high character, and is highly esteemed both as a neighbor and an ex- emplary citizen. SHARLES C.DABLOW, one of Stevens C(»unty"s most industrious and liighlv respecteil citizens is the owner of a good farm on section 21, Synnes township. He is a native of Germany, born in Prussia, April 25, 1838. He is the son of John and Mary (Ueitman)Dablow, of Germany. The 428 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. family iinniigrated to this country in 1858, coming to Chicago, Illinois, where they re- mained for about four years, engaged at trardening-. From that city thev removed to Goodhue county. Minnesota, where the family still live. The mother died in 1864. The fathei- still remains on the farm, and is now eighty-two years old. They are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church, and most ex- cellent people. The family consisted of four boys and one girl — Fred, John, Mary, George and Charles C, all now living. Our subject received his early education in Germany, in the good old German method. He aided on his father's farm until about twenty years of age. When the family' came across the ocean they were over six weeks on their journey, landing at Quebec. Charles C. cumo to Stevens county in 1879, in the month of March, and took a home- stead on section 22. which he lived on and proved up, then removed to section 21, where he still resides. He operates 200 acres, and carries on extensive farming as well as fine stock-raising. Mr. Dablow was married October 13,1866, to Miss Anna Bolnnbach, a native of Ger- many, who came to the United States with her parents, who are now living at Red Wing, ]\Iinnesota. Mrs. Dablow is the old- est of her father's family, and was married in Goodhue county. Mr. and Mrs. Dablow have been blessed with six children — Katie, Edward (deceased), Mary, John, Freddie and Edith. Katie is teaching school, and the remainder of the children are at home. In his political belief, our subject is a republican, lie has for some time, held the office of ti-easurer of school district Ko. 37. He has had quite an army experience, only a brief [)ortion of which can be given in this connection. lie enlisted at Chicago, Illi- nois, in the Foi-ty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in ISCl, and was mustered out of service, January 10, 1866. He went in as a private, coming out with no effort of his own, as sergeant. He was under Captain B. T. Clark, who was finally succeeded by Captain Richards. He served as only the brave hearted soldier can — through defeat as well as victory-. He participated in the battles of Corinth, Stone River, Chicka- mauga. Island No. 10, Atlanta campaign, Franklin and Xasiiville. H(^ was wounded fii'st at the battle of Chickamauga. in liis head, and was confined in the hos]iital for three months. In the Atlanta campaign, he was wounded in his foot, which took him from fielil duty for four months. He was finally mustered out at Port Lavocka, Texas, whereupon he returned to the city of Chicago. ILLIAM C. BICKNELL, the present efficient superintendent of the com- mon schools of Stevens county, is one of the leading attorneys resident at Morris. He was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, June 28, 185.5, and is the son of Carlos B. and Louisa A. (Carpenter) Bickneli, both of whom were natives of the "Empire State." In his earlier youth, he attended the district schools of the county of his birth, and in later years, the Normal School, at Potsdam. The latter institution he first entered when he was sixteen years of age. and attended its sessions off and on until 1S78, and then gave two years' close attendance there, grad- uating from thence in 1880. He then taught a graded school at Lewisville, St. Lawrence county. New York, for one 3'ear, and then started West. He spent a short time in St. Paul, on his arrival in this State, and then came to Morris. He took charge of the farm belonging to his uncle, R. H. Welling- ton, of St. Paul, and remained until fall and then returned to the latter city. The next season he had charge of the same place, STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 42q wli it'll contained several sections, and re- turned to tills county. During the fall of 1882, he assumed charge of the grammar de- partment of the Morris schools, and served in that capacity for a term. The following spring he returned to his boyhood's home on a visit, and, m the autumn of that year, entered the law department of the Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor, and re- mained there two years, spending his vaca- tion in New ]\[exico, whei'e lie was interested in some silver mines. He was graduated from Ann Arbor, in June, 1885, with the degree of LL. B. Mr. IJic'knell came to Morris, in tiie sum- mer of 1885, and opened a law office, and in July, of the following veai', formed a ])artiier- sliip with J. A Johnson, and their present law, real estate, loan and collection business was established. In 1886, our subject was chosen to fill the office of superintendent of the schools of the county, on the republican ticket, and still holds tiiat position. He is a member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, A. F. and A. M.. IMt. Lebanon Chapter, No. -17, 11. A. M.. Bethel (^ommandery. No. 19, K. T. Mr. Bicknell was united in marriage, June 27, 1888, with Miss Nellie M. Finney, a na- tive of Red Wing, Goodhue county, ilinne- sota, and daughter of Rev. J. I-'inney. Her parents were early settlers in the eastern part of the State. /^, EORGE B. NEWTON, editor and pro- \^r prietorof the Hancock C'^zw JSrawcA, is one of the most able newsjiaper men in Stevens county, as well as one of the most prominent and highly respected citizens. Mr. Newton is a native of the town of Port Jervis, Orange county. New York, born Janu- ary 24, 1851, and is a son of Hugh and Sarah (Bolton) Newton. His i)arents were natives of New Jersey, wliere they were married. At an early day they removed to New York State, settling in Oi'ange county, where our subject was born. In 1854 they settled in Ti- oga county, and remained there until during the war, when they settled in Kentucky, op- posite Cincinnati. Ohio. In Marcli, 1805, they settled in Portage county, Wisconsin, where the mother died in June, 1807. Sub- sequently the father settled at Wausau, Marathon county, Wisconsin, where he died, in 1SS4. The father was a contractor and builder, and for many, years had followed that business and did a great deal of bridge contracting and building on railroads. Hugh Newton and wife were the parents of seven children — Charles B., Levina M., Sarah A., Edward M., William IL, James C. and Georjre B. Three of the boys were killed during the war while in the service — Edward, at the battle of the Wilderness; William II. was killetl in front of Petersburg; and James C. lost his life at the battle of Lookout Moun- tain. George B. Newton, spent his early boy- hood at Oswego, New York, and began his schooling there. He received an excellent education, finishing his course at Hillsdale, Michigan, in 1870. Previous to this he had begun learning the ju'inter's trade — the "art preservative of all ai-ts," — at Coldwater, ^Michigan, and finished his trade and fii-st worked at it as a journeyman in "Wisconsin. Later, ^Ir. Newton accepted a position at Winneconne, Wisconsin, as book-keeper and •' log-sealer" for the lumber firm of Jones iV Company. This position he retained for three seasons. He then resumeti his trade, workingat Oshkosli, Wisconsin. Tiiere he did his first editorial work, acting in the capacity of reporter for nearly a year. At the expira- tion of that time lie went to Stevens Point, Wisconsin, where he worked at his trade and was also engaged in the lumljer business. In 1880 he came to Swift county, Minnesota 43C STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. and engaged in the printing business at Ap- pleton. One year later he purchased the office of the Appleton Recorder, and pub hshed that journal at that point until July, 1SS2. He then removed the office to Han- cock, Stevens county. Minnesota, and sold it. However, he continued to edit and publish the paper for C. W. Conistock. the jn-oj)rie- tor, for three years and a half following. At the expiration of that time Mr. Comstock sold the office to S. C. Murphy, who ran it for a year. On the 1st of December, 1887, Mr. Newton bought the office, and has since conducted the ])aper. He has built up an extensive circulation, and the large local ad- vertising patronage speaks weD for the en- terprise of the vilLige and the efficiency of the paper as an advertising medium. Mr. Newton is a thorough newspaper man, a pungent and forcible writer, and his articles upon political questions are widely quoted. The politics of tiie ])aper are republican. Mr. Newton was married in 1883 to Mrs. Fannie A. Dan forth, a native of Pennsyl- vania, born July lit, 1853, and a daughter of Joel and Lydia Ferree, a sketch of whom will be found elsewhere in this Album. In 1870, she was mari'ied to T. L. Danforth, who died in August, 1881, leaving two chil- dren — Jesse E. and Charles W. -.^« (I^EORGE WASHINGTON BORRILL, \iL:A who was the first boy born in Doug- las township, Dakota county, Minnesota, is now a resident of section 2, Rendsville town- ship. His ]iarents are John and Ann (Holmes) Borrill. He was born February 28, 1856, and was reared to farm labor on his father's farm, in the county of his birth, re- ceiving a common school education. At the age of twenty years he came with his parents to Stevens county, where the father had taken a homestead on section 28, Rendsville township, and there remained, making it his home, but working out occasionally, until 1880, when he took a tree claim on the southwest quarter of section 2, and also a homestead on the southeast quarter of the same section. He there built him a house in which he and his family still live. Mr. Borrill was mai-ried September 9, 1880, to Margret Farrand, of Oshkosh, Wis- consin, who had been engaged at teaching school in Otter Tail county. Minnesota, for two years prior to her marriage. She is a native of Oshkosh, and the daughter of Leue- lon Bartholomew ami Alfreda (Van Doren) Farrand. She was born September 18, 1868. She is now the mother of a bright little daughter, Leuelfreda, born July 30, 1887. Our subject has been township treasurer and held various school offices in his town- ship. Politically Mr. Borrill is a repulJican. He is a member of the Congregational Church, and stands high in the o]iinion of the best people in Stevens county. -^- OHN CIN, a prosperous and higldy es- teemed citizen of Stevens countj'^, is a resident of section 10, Pepperton township. He is a native of Sweden, born August 13, 1851, and remained with his parents until he was eleven years old, when he started in life for himself. He first hired out to herd cat- tle, and after working at that for some years he went to Germany and worked in a flour mill for some years, when he returned to his native land. In the spring of 1873, he started for the United States, and after land- ing in Quebec, Canada, he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he secured work on a rail- road. He followed this occupation until 1876, when he homesteaded eighty acres and took a tree claim in Pepperton township, Stevens county, Minnesota, where he has STEVJiNS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 431 since remained. He now has a valuable farm of some 240 acres, 140 acres lieinj;; under cultivation and lias <^ood building improve- ments, lie is engaged in genoi'al farming and stock raising, and durin"- the last vear has sold over $700 worth of stock. He is interested in the graded and blooded stock. During the first year in his township he lost one-half of his crop by '• hop])ers,'' and also the second year had the misfortune to have his hay all burned, and was forced to sell all his cattle, whicli ])ut him back considerably, but, notwithstanding his liartl times and mis- fortunes, he has pulled through, owing to his energy, industi'v and business tact. He now has eighty head of cattle, two full-blooded Short-horn heifers and an imported Aber- deen-Angus animal, called '• Boss Saders." Mr. Cin was united in marriage February 4, ISSO, to Miss Annie Kurate, who is a na- tive of Norwav, and came to this country when she was nine years of age, with her parents, who settled in ]\[innesota. Mr. and Mrs. Cin have been blessed with the follow- ing children — August, Clara, Sarah and John — ail of whom are living and are at home, ill political matters our sul)ject is a staunch ileuiocrat. Dui'ing the last year Mr. Cin raised over 6,000 bushels of oats. --^S^^"^- 'P^EVl A. CARD, an eld settler in Moore J^jl townshii), has been absent from Stevens county, since November 1875, but his family are still living on section 12 of JFoore town- ship. Mr. Card came to tiie county, first in 1870, taking up a claim on the above named section, doing a general farming business, and raising stock to a considerable extent. He was a native of Xew York State, and the son of Charles Card, who was a farmer. Our sui)ject came to Wisconsin when he was eighteen years of age, remaining there until he came to ilinnesota. He was married to a :N[iss Keziah Ihill, April 27, ISoG, in Buffalo county, Wisconsin. She is the daughter of Michael and Nancy (Baily) Bull, natives of Vermont. After their marriage her parents came West and located in Wisconsin, in 1852. From thei'e the family moved to Otter Tail county, Minnesota. While 'upon a visit to Xorthfield, Minnesota, he was taken ill and after a three weeks' sickness died there. He was seventy-five years old when he died. He was a practical, thoroughgoing farmer, and an acce[)table membi'i- of tiie ^letliodist Episcopal Churcrli. His wife died .laniiary 23, 1SS5, aged eighty-three years ; slie also lived and died in the j\Iethodist faith, as did her husband. They were the parents of six children — four sons and two daughters. One, named John, died in its infancy, and the names of the other children are — Lucretia, George AV., Keziah, Barney L., and Orrin. Ive/.iah, the subject of this sketch, is the wife of Levi A. Card, mentioned above, and was born in the town of Lewis, New York, April 28, 1836, going to school until she was si.xtcen vears of age, when she came to Wal- worth county, Wisconsin, with her parents, and completed her education at the age of eighteen years. She is the mother of five living children, and two who have died — Hottie L., William W., Nettie L.. Howard and Lyin;in. Tlie names of those deceased are Ellsworth and Nancy Ann. The eldest daugiiter went to l)ak(jta in 1^83 and took a sixty-acre claim, upon which she remained a part of her time, and went out sewing some. Ellswortii, who was subject to fainting spells, wiis instantly killed b\- the cars, when about forty rods from the house, during 1874; he was nearly eight years of age at the time of his sudden death. Mi's. Card is a devoted member of the Congregational Church, and highly respected by all with whom she asso- ciates, as are all of her children. Her son William Weslev belongs to the Sons of Tem- 432 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. perance, having been a worthy member ever since the fall of 1887. He is a rising young man of his township and county, and one who is bound to make his mark in the world, as the saying goes. Hattie L. was married July 25, ISSS, to B. D. Wodburn, who is an extensive farmer and horse-raiser at Fred- erick, IJruwn county. Dakota. ||45^ELAND WELLINGTON, the present in- 1'^^ cunibent of tlie office of register of deeds for the county of Stevens, is a native of Winnebago county, Wisconsin, born March 28, 18.59, and is the son of Eichard and Frances J. (Carpenter) Wellington. His fatiier was largely engaged in the lumbering business in Wisconsin, and owned, at one time, some 15,000 acres of land in this county, and 50,000 acres in Wilkin county. The most of tlie land in Stevens county he lias disposed of, having only some 2,500 acres now in his possession. The subject of this sketch was reared in the place of his birth, and there accpiired his primarv educa- tion. In 1875 he entered Ripon College, and remained there two years. On tlie 31st of March, 1877, Mr. Welling- ton came to Stevens county, for the ])urpose of taking charge of a farm of 3,500 acres of land jjelonging to his father, in the town of Scott. He entered upon tiie arduous labor of operating tliis niagniticent estate, and had under cuhivation about 2.000 acres. He re- mained on tiiis farm until ISSO, attending Ki[ion College in tlie winter months, at which time he purchased all of section 1, Scott townsiiip, and commenced to farm on his own account. This piece of land he culti- vated until 1887, and succeeded in oetting under cultivation some 250 acres, the balance of it being devoted to pasture. In the spring of 1881, when he had barely attained his majority, he was elected chairman of the town board of supervisors, and retained that position until elected to the office of register of deeds in the fall of 1881-. He was re- elected to the latter office in the fall of 1886, and at present occupies that important posi- tion. In the spring of 1888 he opened a loan, real estate and insurance office, which he is carrying on in connection with his other business. In the summer of 1887 he pur- chased a tract of timber land, and had the wood cut off, and started a wood yard also in the village of Morris. He is a member of Golden Slieaf Lodge, No. 133, A., F. and A. M. ; Mt. Lebanon Chapter, No. -17. R. A. M. ; Bethel Commandery, Xo. 19, and Osman Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of St. Paul, and has held office in all the branches of the order, and is the ]iresent secretary of the Cha})ter. 'EREMIAH M. DICKENSON, whose bio- graphical sketch is here subjoined, now lives on section 23 of Hodges township, Ste- vens county. He is of English parentage, born June 24, 1836, in the ])rovince of New Brunswick. His father was James Dickenson and his mother was Lovina (Masten) Dickenson. They both came from England, but were united in marriage in New Brunswick. The father died there in 1878. He was a thorouo-htjoinir farmer throufrhout his life. Their children were — Elijah, Ilulda, Jere- miah M., Lovina, James W., Melza, Mary and Milton. Tiiree sisters and one brother of our subject are now dead. Jeremiah Dickenson, whose name heads this article, removed from the home of his childhood to Winnebago county, Wisconsin, in 1858, living there seven or eight years, then coming to Wabasha county, Minnesota, where he farmed for eighteen years. He then lived in Minneapolis one year, and then STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 433 moved to Hodges township, Stevens county, taking- char<^e of the " Minnesota Agricultural and Stock Farm Company's '' property. He came in 1883, and has since tlien managed this farm, beside another large farm, near Moi-ris, and also one near Cami)boll, Dakota. One of these farms contains nine large barns, each 30x150 feet. There are about 500 head of cattle on the farm, principally Short-horn grades, also aljout 200 iiead of horses from graded stock. Tiiis farm is a vast concern anrisoners lost their minds through fear and suffering, as the cell l^ecame so hot that it was almost unbearable. For forty-eight hours they were left without food or water, and were then taken to Col- umbia, South Carolina, and thei'e confined in cells of like character, until the balance of the privateers in the North were released, and then were placed on the same footing as the other prisoners of war. When some of the ]irisoners were allowed to walk around for exercise in the yard, the others wei'e not permitted to look out of the window and several who disobeyed the rule were ruthless- 1}^ shot, and our subject was fired at by one of the guards, but was nothit by the ball. Tlie ])risoners, in their anxiety for freedom, tried their best to escape, and some of them cut a hole through the flooring of their room into an empty room below, and then dug through a stone wall to the outside air. Fif- teen of their number passed ahrough the hole, and escapeil from the prison, among tliem the subject of this memoir, and, divid- ing up into little knots of five, they essayed to regain the Union lines. Mr. House, after being out ten days, and when within but eight miles of the Federal forces, was re- captured and taken to Petersburg, Vir- ginia, and there the prisoners were kept chained together for thirty-six hours, and then returned to their ]irison at Columbia. He found that all those who had not made this break for libert\', were gone, and was told that they had been exchanged. The re- captured ones were chained together, and to rings in the walls and floor, but after three days they were transferred to Richmond, Virginia, where the\' were placed in Castle , Thunder, and there found the comrades of their Columbia prison, who were said to have been exchanged. After remaining in that ]irison some three weeks, Mr. House was taken to Libby, and there suffered worse treatment than before. In May, 1862, he was taken to Newport News, and there ex- clianjied, and on his arrival at Washington was discharged. When he entered the ser- vice he weighed I-IG pounds, and when mus- tere #DHN C. BUCKLIN, retail dealer in wines, liquors antl cigars at the village of Han- cock, is a pioneei' of Minnesota, having been a resident of the State for nearly thii-ty years. Jlr. Uucklin was boi'ii in Sweden, in April, 1844, and is a son of Joim and Lena (I- ?^^^*— - BOLPHUS G. LINSLEY. who liveson sec- tion 19 of Dai'ntn township, isa native of McIIenry county, Illinois, and was born Februarv 11, 1839. At the age of about two vears he was bereft of his father, and shortly following that sad event he was adopted by 440 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. David Linsley, with whom he lived until nineteen years of age, when he set out in life for himself by coming to Goodhue county, Minnesota, in the spring of 1858. He pur- chased 2i0 acres of choice school land, which he farmed until 1876, at which date he thought to better his circumstauces by selling and moving to Stevens county. His present beautiful farm embraces all of section 19 ; 500 acres of it are under cultivation, with good and well arranged buildings. Since coming totlie county he has devoted his entire time to his farm interests, and has raised an average of 2,000 bushels per year of the finest grain ever grown. In January, 1S60, Mr. Linsley was united by marriage to Miss Emily J. Kieth, wliich union has been blessed by nine children, eight of whom are now living — Clara IL, David J., Neland A., Seldon K., Emily A., Emery B., Elsworth R.; also twins, Edward G. and Ed- win G. The latter dietl in infancy. Mr. Linsley is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined the Red "Wing Lodge, K"o. S, in 1872, and also a charter member of Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, of Morris. [OSEPH WALKER, who now lives on sec- tion lo, Mori'is township, Stevens coun- ty, was born in St. Lawrence county. New York. Eeltrnary 12, 1837, and is a son of Loa and Mercy (Clark) AValker, the father being a native of Vermont and the mother of New Hampshire. The former's family were of English origin and the latter of Irish descent. Joseph left the East in 1871 for Minnesota, and took up eighty acres as a tree claim and eighty as a homestead. Up to the age of twentv-one years he went to school, worked at earpentei'ingand farming,except two years, during which he worked in a mill. He was married, January 1, 1857, to Laura Roberts. The fruits of this union were nine children — Charles C, William L., Francis H. (deceased), Nellie J. (deceased), Elizebeth (deceased), Anna L., Orville R., Mercy L. and Robert L. Politically, Mr. Walker is a republican. He has held various local offices, including that of supervisor, justice of the peace, etc. He received a common school education and has made for himself a good home, now hav- ing a quarter section of land, well cultivated. •«"J^^' ^^.j^., , ILLIAM CURTIS, an excellent rep- resentative of the self-made men of Minnesota, who is engaged in agricultural pursuits in Baker township, came to Stevens county in 1878, and took up a homestead of 160 acres of land, wliere he now resides. The improvements upon the place, which are among the best in the town, are the result of his own efforts and industry. His neat cottage home, and the solid and substantial barn and excellent granary, are all in excel- lent keeping, and all his surroundings mani- fest both thrift and refinement. Mr. Curtis is a native of Clinton county, N. Y., and is the son of John and Julia (Spinks) Curtis. He was reared and edu- cated upon the farm of his father, in that picturesque portion of tiie "Empire State," where he remained until he had attained the age of fourteen years, when, having been used to the handling of horses, he commenced life In' teaming. Two years later he went into tiie lumber woods of that vicinitv, and for the ensuing seven years was employed during the summer months as foreman of a gang of lumbermen, and in the summers fol- lowed log-driving for a livelihood. At the expiration of tiiat time he came West and making his residence at Oconto, Wis- consin, followed the same line of business for some six years and then came to Stevens county, where he has since made his home. STEVFNS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 4;i The subject of this sketch is a self-made man in every sense of the word. His father, Avho was at one time a man of consid(;raI)ie means, lost his mII in the pursuit of his busi- ness, which was that of inu)l)er contracting, and our subject was compelled to start in life at an early age and without mone}' or help. By hard and unremitting work, ener- gy and an excellent tact he has raised himself from comparative poverty to a state of atHueuceand comfort. Like a dutiful son, he has always assisted his father and the elder Mr. Curtis, his wife and a daughter now make their home with the son. Mr. Curtis is one of a family of six chil- dren, born to his parents, the others being — Davit), who married Miss Augusta Tripp. and is living in Oregon ; Charles Henry, who married Miss Clara Pearson, and now resides in Stevens county ; Jennie, the wife of James McGee. of this county ; Lucy Ann. living in Wisconsin, and the wife of Dennison Bill- ings ; and Nellie, who is living with her brother, William. When our suljject came to the county there were but a few settlers in what is now Baker township, and he has alwa\'s held an important place in the matters of the same. lie is a republican in his politics, althougli the family are democrats. He is a member of Winneconne Lodge, No. 161, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Winneconne, Wiscon- sin. ■^^n\OCTOR CHARLES L. GATES, a suc- cessful aiul ellicient ))hysician and surgeon residing at Hancock, undoubtedly has as extensive a practice as an}' one physi- cian in Stevens county. Dr. Gates was i)orn in Tioga county. New York, June 11, 1846, and is a son of Lattimer H. and Eiizaljeth (Sanford) Gates, who were also natives of the "Empire State." The father followed the business of a contractor and builder through life. The family came AVest and settletl at lloricon, Wisconsin. Tiiere they remained for seven or eight years, and then I'eturned to New York State, settling in Can- ton, where the father died in August, 1883. The mother is still living, being now eighty- two 3'ears of age. Tlie parents had a family of eleven children, as follows — Edwin, Ange- lina, Norton. Lawrence, Hatsey, Luzerne, Louisa, Llorace S., Albert, Eliza and Charles L. Angelina is now ^frs. Sanford and re- sides in Wisconsin; Norton is married, and is engaged in the lumber business in New- York State ; Lawrence was killed in an ex- plosion on a boat in Wisconsin, when twenty- five years old ; Hatse\' is married and is em- ployed in a packing house in Cedar Bapids, Iowa ; Luzerne is married and lives near Binghamton, New York; Louisa became the wife of H. A. Turner, and died at Janesville, Wisconsin, in 1S77. leaving one daughter named Jennie L. ; Horace S. is married and lives at Cedar Rapids. Iowa; Alljert died at Janesville, Wisconsin, when twenty-one years old, and Eliza died in infancy. Dr. Gates, our present subject, spent his boyhood days and received his education in the "Empire State." After finishing his schooling he adopted the medical profession as a life calling, and took a thorough course in the Medical College at Cincinnati. Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1877. He then came to St. Paul and pursued his medi- cal studies for nearly three years with Dr. C. G. Higby, of that city. At the expiration of that time he came to Benson, in Swift county, and engaged in pi-acticc. He re- mained there for nine years and carried nn as extensive a practice as any jiiiysician in the county. He tiiere took an active and prominent part in all public affairs and edu- cational and religious nuittci-s. oi'ganizing tlie first Sabbath-school and i)rayer meeting at that place. In 1883 he came to Hancock, as he 442 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. already bad a large business in this vicinity, and lias since remained here. He ranks high in the community both as a practitioner and as a man of high Christian character and the strictest integrity and honor. Dr. Gates was married August 27, 1879, to Miss Hattie E. Cooli, the ceremony taking place at Benson. In political matters the Doctor is a repub- lican, and religiously he is a member of the Congregational Church. He is president of the Hancock board of health. ..^- WILLIAM MUNRO, the able cashier of the Stevens County Bank, came to Morris in 1875, and had charge of the St. Paul and Pacific Elevator for some three or four years. At the expiration of that time he entered into partnership with A. A. Stone, and the firm thus formed opened a hardware store. The same 3'ear Mr. Munro purchased the Stevens County Tribune, and changing its name to that ot Morris 2ribune, occupied the editorial chair until 1882, when he sold out the journal to the present proprie- tor. He had disposetl of his interest in tlie hardware business the year previous, and on relinquishing the paper, m company with H. H. Wells and others, he organized the Stevens County Bank, which was incorpo- rated under the State banking laws, with a capital of ^25,000. The capital has since been increased to $50,000. He was the first vice-president, but in 1881 was made cashier, and has occu])ied that position ever since. He has, also, been interested in the grain trade for the last three or four years, and is one of the active and prominent business men of the village. The subject of this biography was Ixn-n in Sidney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, June 1, 1850, and is tiie son of Hugh and Hannah (Croll) Munro, a sketch of whom appears, in connection witli the memoirs of George H. Munro, in this Album. He was educated in Halifax, and spent two summers on board of the revenue cutter " Daring." In 1866 he went to Newfouniiiand, and en- gaged in the mei'cantile and siiipping trade until 1870, when he removed to Boston, ilassachusetts, and there entered into the manufacturing and mercantile trade, and I'emained there for two years. He came to Minnesota in 1872, and, locating in St. Paul, was in the employ of the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Corapanj' for a time, and then took charge of their elevator in that city, \vhere he remained until coming to Morris. Mr. Munro was united in marriage with Miss Mary Gofcher, June, 1875; she died the year following. On the 3rd of Ajmi, 1878, he married Miss Ida A. Stone, the daughter of Hon. H. W. Stone, of Stevens county. Mr. and Mrs. Munro have four children — Bea- trice C, Hugh S., Ida Blanche and Wil- liam J. In political matters Mr. Munro is a repub- lican. He has always taken an active inter- est in public matters, and every enterprise calculated to aid the development of this region has always received his active support and encouragement. For several years he has held the office of city treasurer, and still holds it. Mr. Munro is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined at the age of eighteen under Scottish jurisdiction. He was one of the charter members of the Golden Sheaf Lodge, in Morris, and is also a member of the Chapter and Commandery. a progressive. pi^HRlSTIAN GAARDER, x^S^ suijstantial and tlioroujjliii-oino- farmer, living on section 26 of Scott township, Stevens county, Minnesota, was born October 14-, 1829, near Christiania, Norwa3\ His parents were Ole and Carrie (Anderson) STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 443 Gaarder, who were also natives of the same country. Christum's parents died when he was about fourteen years old, since which time he has taken care of himself. lie worked among the farmers until he was twenty-one years of age. lie then served as hostler for a i^entieman in the city for two years. lie then took a contract for railroad work from the (Tovernment, on which he worked day and night for seven weeks, only getting an iiour's sleep each night. He was also cm[)loyed by the Government as a boss for tliirteen years. In 1868 he came to America, taking a railroad contract on the ^ranitoI)a line, under Colonel De Gi-atf, where he spent something over a year's time. Pie then came to Scott town- ship, Stevens county, Minnesota, and took up land under the preemption laws. This land consisted of 200 acres, on sections 26, 27, 34 and 35. He was compelled to give this land up, so he took a homestead of thirty -six acres on section 26, and a tree claim of 160 acres on section 34, Scott town- ship. He gave the tree claim right up, and finally purchased the same at regular price. He owns in all 196 acres of land, and is hold- ing eighty acres of raih-oad land. Mr. Gaarder was mairied in December, 1878, to Hannah Johnson. He is a staunch republican in politics, and has been favored with numerous local offices, including chair- man of the board of supervisors, and has been on the school board ever since the district in which he lives was organized, he having also taken an active part in effecting the organization. lie belongs to the Lutheran Church, and is an u[)right, Christian man. Since coming to his])resent location he lias met with some discouragements, such as the loss of three crops l)y devastations of grass- hoppers and destruction by hail storms. His present improvements are 100 acres of well tilled land, a frame house and com- motlious barn and granary. Coming to our country poor, he has kept persisting, and, through that frugality so commonly found among the nationality to which he belongs, he has finally become comfortably sur- rounded, and possessed of a reasonable competency. -«- «^- ^sS^nwiN J. JONES, a lumber mercliant ^^^ at Morris, is one of tlie most capable and prominent l)usiness men at the county seat. A man of tiie strictest integrity', a careful business man, and a genial, courteous gentleman, he is well known tliroughout the county, and does an extensive business in his line. Mr. Jones is a native of Beaver Dam, Wis- consin, born August 22, 1858, and is a son of Evan J. and Julia Jones. He received an excellent education in his native State, attend- ing the common schools and supplementing this with one year in the State University at Madison, Wisconsin. After finishing his education in 1878, became to Morris, Stevens county, Minnesota, and established his pres- ent lumber yard. He has I)een in trade here ever since, and has taken an active and prominent part in all matters calculated to benefit either town or county. He has served as a member of tiie village council several years and one year as president of that body. He is one of the most active and prominent members of the Masonic fraternity in the county, being a member of tlie Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. He has risen rapidly in the ranks of the order, and is now holding some office in each of the lodges men- tioned. He is also a member of the Minne- apolis Consistorj', A. A. S. R., and Zuhrah Temple A. A. N. M. S., and belongs to the Morris Lodge of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Our subject was married on the 28th of May, 1883, to Miss Nellie Butterlield, of 444 STErE.VS COUNTY, MIXNESOTA. Wisconsin, and they are the parents of one child — Henry B. In political matters Mr. Jones affiliates with the rej)ul)lican party, and is an active worker foi- the success of that organization, being at present chaii-nian of the republican committee and president of the local repub- lican club. AMUEL HOLMES, one of ihe most highly respecteil citizens of Stevens county, is a resident of section 2, Rendsville township, lie is a farmer and also a good carpenter. He is an Englishman by birth, born in Lincolnshire, Englanil, May 29, 1835. His parents were Robert and Susan (Burt) Holmes. He did not have the advantages the boys of to-day have as to gaining a lib- eral education, as he only received ten months' schooling, and that in the State of New York. He worked at common labor in England until he reached the age of six- teen, when he came to the United States, alone, landing at New York harboi', April 2-f, 1S51, being on the voyage across the ocean twenty-two da3's. Notwithstanding there were live passengers died en route, the trip was called a very pleasant and safe one. Our subject went direct to Courtland county. New York, and there hired out on a farm, where he remained until he became of age. He lived in the little village of Homer until he enlisted, November 5, 1862, m company " H," Fiftieth New York Engineer Corps. The}' were sent to the field in Virginia, and took active part in the battles of " Burn- side's Slaughter" of 1862; at Gettysburg and the Wilderness. They were nearly always under heavy lire. They were at PetersV)urg and followed the army up until the surren- der of General Lee's array,which sounded the death lilow to the great American Civil Wai". at Washing- He was at the Grand Review ton. May 21, 22 and 23, 1865, and was discharged in Virginia, but mustered out in regular form at Elmira, New York, the last of June, 1S65, where they were paid olf in full and sent homeward in peace. He then went back to Homer, and settled down, working as a carpenter and also farming some. Mr. Holmes was married Febi'uary 10, 1857, to Mary Elizebetli Pratt, of Homer, New York, a native of Cattaragus county, of the same State. Her parents were Samuel and Sally (Graham) Pratt. Mrs. Holmes was born October 22, 1844. They came to Minnesota in 1877, and, during the month of December of that year, took a homestead on section 2 of the township in which they still live. They built a house, into which they moved on January 17, 1878. Our subject and his estimable wife ai'e the parents of three children — Susan, born March 10, 1862, in New York, who is now the wife of B. K. Rush, of Dakota; George Albert, born in April, 1867, now living at home, and Mina Estella, who is deceased. Tlie parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Holmes is a dem- ocrat in his politics. ^m^HOMAS A. CALLAHAN, a prominent VU dealer in farm machinery, threshers, plows, cultivators, etc., in the village of Mor- ris, came to that place in September, 1880, and for a time was engaged in looking the country over. He then took charge of the grading of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and followed that business for a short time. In 1882, he located in Morris, and, in com- pany with C. P. Maginnis, noAv of Duluth, entered into the agricultural imi)lement trade. He has also run several threshing machines every fall, during the proper sea- son, until last j'ear. Since his location here STF.l'ENS COCXTY. Ar/.VXESOTA. 445 he has taken an active interest in all town matters, especially in the lire department, which he helped to orj^ani/.o, and for tiie last year or so has been its chief. He has also been influential in the building of theschoo' and other public editices, and has given lib- erally of his means for their support. Mr. Callahan is a native of Ireland, and was born December 20, ISiS. lie was brought to the United States by his parents when he was six 3'ears of age. The family stayed in New York for a short time, and then went to Indiana, and about one year after their landing in the United States, they settled in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, where Thomas A. was reared. In December, 1863, while attending school at Ripon, he en- listed in Company C, First Wisconsin Cav- alry, and that winter was with General Jud- son A. Kilpatrick, in Southern Tennessee, and afterward at the seige of Atlanta. After the fall of that place the regiment of which he was a member was sent back to Altoona Pass, and there participated in the battle at that point. They were then sent to Louisville, Kentucky, where they were recruited up, as the regiment had dwindled to a small batallion, and from there went to Nashville. After the battle at the latter city, he participated in the pursuit of Hood's beaten columns as far as Duck River, thirty or forty miles. While trying to cross the sti'eam, the bridge broke and he was precip- itated into the water, and as it was in De- cember, he nearly perisiied with the cold. He jum]ied from his horse and caught a floating plank and was swept down stream some three or four miles, witli several others, and on reaching the shore went to a negro's cabin to warm, and remained there all night, and the next day found the regiment. A short time after this he was with the regi- ment in the column of General Wilson, who started with 13,(t0(l cavalry for Macon, Georgia, to try and capture Jeff. Davis. He was one of the volunteers that carried the dispatches to the detached companies that told of the fall of Richmond and tiie capture of the rebel President. From INlacon the command marched to Nashville, where he received his discharge, and returned to his home in " the Badger State." For some years after returning he was en- gaged in the lumbering business from the headwaters of the W^isconsin River to St. Louis. At the time of the buikling of the Wisconsin Central Railroad, Mr. Callahan was employed as foreman on the construc- tion for two \'ears and in the same position one year on the Green Pay & Minnesota Railroad. Returning to the lumber business he put up a saw mill between Stevens Point and Plainfleld, AVisconsin. and after three years sold out and came to this county, as has been stated. Mr. Callahan was united in marriage, June 18, 1872, with Miss Mary McLaughlin, and they have a family of seven children — Nel- lie, Maggie, Frank, Edward, George, Agnes and Charles. Our subject is a member of Overton Post, No. 99, Grand Army Republic ; and of Mor- ris Division, Ancient Order of Hibernians, No.l. -♦► /p|v\LE O. AASUMB. one of the leading xSy citizens of the town of Donnelly, is engaged in agricultural pursuits, on his line- farm of 160 acres, on section 2. He has some fifty acres under cultivation, has a neat and handsome house and all the necessary out-buildings, and the whole surrounded by a natural grove. When he came to this country he was a poor man, but l)y tlie ex- ercise of industry, energy and economy, has risen to a state of comparative alfluencc. The subject of this sketch was l>orn in 446 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Norway. May 27, 1837, and is the son of Ole and Greta Hanson. lie was reared in the land of his birtli, and at the age of eighteen years, began tlie battle of life for himself, working on the railroad, and finally became what is called in this country a section boss. He followed that business until 1871, when he left his native land, and immigrated to the United States, and on landing came to Minnesota. Arriving in Stevens county, he engaged in railroad work, and remained in that employment for three years, and then located on a homestead of eighty acres, on section 2, where he now resides. He, like others, lost one crop by the grasshoppers, and another by hail, but has had very fair success in his efforts toward a competency. Ml-. Aasumb was united in marriage, in Norwa}', September 20, 1865, with Miss Rand}^ Edmondson, and by this union, they are the parents of six children, who bear the following names — Ellen G., Otilda Gurel- dina, Anna Carolina, Hannah Marie, Carrie Andrea and Peter Ole. Mr. Aasumb and his family are members of the Lutheran Church, and are active in all work for the advancement of the cause of religion and morality. He is a prohibitionist in his views and politics, and is a warm sup- porter of the movement to suppress the traffic in all intoxicating liquors. He is one of the prominent citizens of the town and receives the esteem and respect of the entire com- munitv in which he lives. -«^ ^EV. CHARLES HOLLMANN, one of the inost prominent citizens of the village of Morris, is a native of Prussia, Germany, and was born March 3, 1822, and was confirmed in the Lutheran Church in his childhood. At the age of fourteen he com- menced to learn the trade of tobacco manu- facturing, and when fifteen years old was converted. For several 3'ears thereafter he was quite active in the temperance cause, which was then agitating the German nation, lecturing and doing other active work. After finishing his trade he went to Berlin, Prussia, and was there educated in the Moravian Missionarj^ Institute, where he re- mained two years. In ISli he was appointed as a missionary to Texas, but on reaching New Orleans, learned of the war then raging between Mexico and that Republic and thinking the time ill chosen, went to St. Louis. On liis arrival tliere he went to work at his trade in a tobacco factory, and as he was well acquainted with the business he was offered verv flattering inducements to stay, but declined. Not being able to fall into the ways of the Missouri Synod of the Lutheran Church, he joined the German Methodist Church and shortly after, the minister of his church being informed of Mr. Hollmann's previous training for the work, invited the latter to preach for him one Sabbath evening. The next da}^ our subject was licensed to preach, and started out as a missionary in the South. The country was sparsely settled, and he traveled on horseback, and a great many nights slept out of doors in the timber and ap]ieased his hunger with the wild berries that grew at the roadside. Nor was this the worst of his troubles. Many of the people of that region at that time were a rough and lawless set, and had little or no sympathy with any Church movement, and Mr. HoU- mann was often turned out of the ])lace of meeting by this element and endured manj' abuses at their hands. But the Lord blessed his labors, and he was enabled to establish the first church in Jackson county, Missouri, and continued on that circuit for eighteen months and accomplished much good with the help from Above. Returning to St. Louis, he was sent to STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 447 Burlington, Iowa, in wl)ich city he estab- lished the first German church and for a year made tliat place his headquarters. He then returned to St. Louis and was in the missionary Held in that city and started a day school, in 1S49, and a Sabbath school the following year. During the cholera that desolated the South those years, he and his estinial)le wife threw themselves into the work of nursing the sick, his medical know- ledge beinjj: of vast benefit under tliecircum- stances, and saved many lives. In 1S50 Mr. Ilollmann went to Galena, Illinois, and built the parsonage and en- larged the church there. While in that place he suffered violence at the hands of those who were opposed to all Church wo rk and bears the scars to tliis day. The next two years he spent in Quincy, Illinois, and from there went to Burlington again. All this time he was employed in traveling throughout the country as a pioneer itinerant preacher like so many of his noble compeers of that day and generation. After some more time spent in St. Louis, he came to St. Paul in 1S5G and for several yeais traveled tiirough the southern part of Minnesota, carrying the Gospelto the people of tiiat re- gion. Two years at Red Wing, and the .same length of time in Le Seuer, and then became to Minneapolis, where he remained one winter. From there he returned to Galena, but two years later, his health failing, he went to his boyhood's home, in Gei'many, where he remained six montiis. lleturning to this country, he again took uj) his Master's work and labored in various parts of this State. In 1ST!), his health giving way, he was superannuated, and came to Morris, where he now resides. He is the possessor of a Bible printed in the firet part of tiie fif- teenth century, which is in the German lan- guage, and is valued at over $800. Tliis faitiiful watciiman upon the walls of Zion was united in uuirriage, July 19, 1S49, with Mrs. Louisa Pepper, of Burlington, Iowa, a native of Prussia, and the widow of Charles L. Pepper. Rev. Hollmann is a man whom it is a pleasure to meet. His extensive travels and the hardships and trials he endured in jiioncer times furni.sh the basis of a fund of reminis- cences seemingly inexhaustible. A com- plete and detailed history of his life work would fill a volume, lie is a man of line mental attainments, a man of extensive read- ing and ripe scholarship, and, above all, a sincere Chi-istian. And now, broken in health, wearied by many years of the most trying labor, after having endui-ed hardships and sufl'ering which would make the stoutest heart quail, yet never faltering when duty called, he is living retired, en joying the well earned respite of a long, useful and noble life, and is spending the evening of his days in peace and quiet. Eespected and es- teemed b}' all, his spotless integrity and high character, together with his long and de- voted service to the Great Giver and to humanity, his name will always be held in reverence and resj)ect. Few men deserve more from the pen of the biographer than does he of whom we wi'ite. [M • •♦ > • •^€?^- < '■ • ilENRY JOHNSON, the well-known, ^^ proprietor of the North Star Flour- ing Vi'xW of the town of Framnas. is the owner of a large and well-improved f'ai'm of 440 acres on section 8. He is a native of Nor- way, born October 20, lS2.i, and is tiie son of John and Ingerberg (Peterson) Larson. He was reared in the land of his birth and tiiere received a common-school education and made his home in that kingdom until at- taininir manliood. In 1850 he came to this country with hisjiarents, and landed at New York. From that }>ort he went to Vernon county, Wisconsin, and was there engaged 448 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. in fai-ming for over twenty years In 1871 he came to Stevens county and preempted a claim where he now lives. Setting to work at once on the erection of the mill, he had it running' the following- vear. This was the first grist mill witiiin the limits of the county, and ,at that time it had Ijut one run of buhrs. A few years later he added another run and in 1870 two more. It has now a daily capa- city of some seventy -five barrels. In 1880 Mr. Johnson added an elevator for the storage of grain. This mill supplies a large portion of the flour of the county, and is one of the leading industries of this part of the State. During the year 1887, the mill was remodeled throughout. All the buhrs were thrown out and their places were supplied by four sets of double rollers, also a great deal of new machinerv, making it one of the best equipped mills in this region. In the present season (1888) additional improve- ments are being made, and the equipment and capacity of the mill increased by the ad- dition of two run of stones — one for feed and the other for buckwheat, corn, etc. Mr. Johnson was united in marriage. July 21, 1860. with Miss Bertha Thorstad, whose parents are residents of this county. By this union there have been born unto them a famify of six children — Anton, Julius, Olof, Julia, Clara and Maria, all of whom are liv- ing. The subject of this memoir is a consistent and zealous member of the Lutheran Church, and takes great interest in the promotion of all religious work. In his political views he is entirely independent of party lines, pre- ferring to vote anil work for the best men for the offices, and for the measures most likely to inure to tlie benefit of the commu- nity and the country at large. A man of sterling integrity and ))ersonal worth, he merits and receives the warmest esteem of his fi'iends and neighbors and the respect of all who know him. JptORACE J. DRESSER, one of the most ^"^^ prominent citizens of the southern part of Stevens county, is a resident of Han- cock and a dealer in imported horses. He has taken an active part in all moves to raise the grade of horses and cattle in this part of the State, and in 1885 was elected secretary and treasurer of the Pope and Stevens Counties Breeders Association, which positions he still holds. Mr. Dresser is a native of Minnesota, hav- ing been born in the city of St. Paul, on the 19th of January, 1853. His parents were Horace and Elizabeth (Johnson) Dresser, who were natives of New York and Ver- mont, respectively, his father having been a farmer and stock-raiser through life. The parents came to the then Territory of Minne- sota at an early day and settled at St. Paul, where Horace J. was born. In 1886 the par- ents removed to California where they still live. Horace Dresser, Sr., and wife were the parents of four children, as follows — Caro- line, Horace J., Alice and Mary. Alice died at Pine Bend, Minnesota, about 1873, and the rest are still living. Horace J. Dresser spent his boyhood and received his eaiiy education at Pine Bend, Minnesota, where his parents were then liv- ing. He finished his education at the High School in the city of St. Paul, when twenty years of age. After finishing his schooling he was engaged in farming for a short time, and then for three years was "on the road " as a traveling salesman and collector. At the expiration of that time, 1879, he came to Pope county and located upon a half section of land on sections 16 and 21, AValden town- township, near Hancock village. Finding, however, that it would be much more advan- tageous for liis business interests, in the spring of 1888 he removed to the village of Hancock, still retaining his farm, and devot- ing his attention to farming and to raising and breeding horses. STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 449 Mr. Dresser was married, in March, 18S0, to Miss Ciurie Wlieeler, and they arc tlie jKireiits of tliroo ciiilch'cn — Charles, Ilerold and Kiuiii. Mrs. Dresser is anative ot'New York, and a {hui_<^litcr of Lemuel Wheeler. At an early day her parents removed with her to Minnesota and settled at Grand Meadow, where she was brought up, edu- cated and married to Mr. Dresser. In political matters, our subject is a re- publican, lie is a man of the strictest integ- I'ity, and is one of the representative citizens of the localit}' in which he lives. ^TaMES W. bailey, a prominent citizen of Morris, came to that village in LS7S, and entered into the contracting and building business, and has followed that line ever since. All the principal edifices in the place are the result of his hibors, both in the village and in the surrounding country, he having put uj) over $100,000 worth of buildings in the agi'icultvu'al districts alone. He is also interested in the raising of fine horses, and has some of the finest stock in this line in the county. Mr. Bailey is a native of Jefferson county, New York, and was born February 2, 1852. His parents, Samuel and liebecca M. Bailey, were natives of England and America, re- spectively. His father was bi'ought to this country when but eight years of age, and was reared in New York State. In 18t)3 our subject was taken to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, by his parents, and there the father followed carpentering until his death. His mother is living in Alorris with her son in-law. (4. E. Darling. At the age of twelve years, the subject of this sketch commenced to learn the car- penter's trade, and servcnl an a|)|)rentic('ship of thi'ce years, autl ever situ-e he was tifl(?en has carried on business for himself. The 3'ear before he began learning the trade ho was employed in lathing, and made three dollars a day at that. At the age of sixteen, he took a contract to build a house, and for several years was with William Dense!, of Fond du Lac, in the building business, he having charge of the work as foreman. Having a natni'al genius in his business, Mr. Bailey has met with a merited success in Morris, and now owns some $9,000 or §10,000 worth of property in the village, all the result of his own industry and business ability. He was married, October 28, 1881, to Miss Sarah Wolff, of Bird Island, Eenville countjf, and the issue of this union have been two chil- dren — Cai'shene and Boyd Douglas. Both he and his wife are members of the Con- gregational Church. In liis ))olitics he is a republican, but generally votes for the best man for the office, i-ather than for creed. ARDNER CONVERS TOWNER, one of the most highly res[)('cled citizens of Stevens county, now lives on section 4, ]\rorris township. He is a native of Essex county. New York, born August 25, 18i3, and is the son of Benjamin F. and Lobelia (Moss) Towner. Tiie father came from Massachusetts and the mother from Vermont. Gardner learned the blacksmith's trade, but at the age of eighteen joined the army, enlisting August 25, 18C2, in C(nn])any L, Ninth New Y'ork Cavalry, serving until June 8, 1865. He was in the Methodist Church hospital, at Alexandria, Virginia, for about two months, after wliich he received a furlough for a short time. After his time expired in the army he went liack to New York, where he lived until 1873, and then came to McLeod county, Minnesota. After a short stay there In; came to Morris town- ship, Stevens county, where he has remained ever since. The first month he was in tho 450 STEvrxs cou.vrv, .uixxesota. county he worked on a farm, and then he worked as a section hand on the railway until winter. During that winter he worked at the blacksmith's trade. It was during that stormy winter that lie started home, a little over a mile away, and found the storm so severe that he had to go on his hands and knees to get to the house. He got past his house and took the wrong road and kept circling about in the blinding storm, which Avas so hard he was compelled to turn his back towards it, in order to breathe. Ilis house was twelve rods from the road- side and so furious was the wintry blast, that it could not be seen by him any of the time. He finally made a bold venture, thinking he could find his house, and, as Pro- vidence seemed to ordain, he did strike the right direction, and finally got to his own door, just escaping a terrible death. This w^as the memorable winter in which so many j)ersons perished. Mr. Towner was married to Maggie O'Brien, on September 23, 186S. They have five bright, intelligent children — Archie S., Warren C, Kate D., Mayfred X. and Edna L. In his political belief our subject is a republican. He has had an eventful life, and has succeeded in getting for himself and family a fine farm-home. He owns a half section of good, Avell-iinproved land, and is rated as one of the leading farmers of that portion of the countv. S-'^'-^LEMONT OLSON, whose home is on section S, Rendsville township, is a native of Norway, born September 20, 1845. His parents wereOle and Mary (^Christenson) Anderson. At the age of three years his father died, and liis mother married again. Clemont worked on the home farm — some- times for liis brother. He had a common school education. When he was twenty- three years old he started for America, start- ing July 15. 1868. He was six weeks on the ocean voyage — eight weeks from Christiania to New York. He worked on a farm in New Tork a month and then came to Wis- consin and spent one winter, and from there went to Vermont, where he was employed in the granite quarries. From there he went to Crown Point, New York, and woi'ked for twenty months in an iron mine. April 15, 1869, he was united in marriage to Andeura Olson, of AVisconsin, in which State they were married. In ISTi they moved to Min- nesota, coming to Rendsville township, where he preempted a quarter of section 8. He proved up on one-half of it and made a home- stead of the other iialf. This has come to be the pleasant and valuable home they now occupy. They have had the following children, only five of whom are now living, none beins; married — Mens, Alfi-ed, Othelia (deceased), Carl, Hilda (deceased), Ole and Mary (twins, both deceased), Ole and Meni (twins), Sigwert Otto. Our subject has taken an active part in public matters. He has been supervisor of his township for two years. In politics he is independent, and belongs to the Lutheran Cliurch. This is in brief the history of one of Norway's sons who has seen a varied life of travel and labor. He came to our shores with no means, and through years of toil and self-denial has finally gathered together a good property and possesses a fine, comforta- ble home, and enjoys the esteem of all his fellow nei"hbors. PETER C. MACKENZIE, the suliject of this article, is a thrifty and prominent agriculturist, residing on sction 32 of El-- ilorado township. He first saw the light in Moray Siiire, Scotland, July 5, 1853, and S'rfiVF.V.'^ COUXTV, M/.V.VF.SOTA. 45« up to the year 1S73 he remained at home witli liis parents, Alloti and Anna Mackenzie, ciiergvtic representatives of tiie sturdv Scot- tish i"ici'. In lST-5 he ininiigrateil to America, and, on iiearing- of the superior advantages of tlie State of ^Finnesota, decided to jonrne\- thither. lie settled in St. Paid, Minnesota, and secured work in the St. Paul Harvester Works, at wliicli occupation lie was emjihjyed for a l)eriod of live ycai'S. Our subject then came to Stevens county and filed on a homestead of 160 acres, on section 32, Eklorado town- ship. Here he has since remained, engaged extensively in general farming and stock- raising, lie lias a well improved farm of IfiO aci-es, all of which is under cultivation. In his political views he favors the iH^puhlican partv. and interests himself in all public and etiucational movements, whereby his town- ship may l)e benefited. lie is a conscien- tious adherent of the Presbvterian Ciiurch. -«-; -^> ^^TEPHEN H. DULEY, M. D., a member ^^^3) of the medical fraternity of Morris, and one of the most successful and promi- nent practitioners in Stevens county, located in the city of Morris in October, 1883, and opened an office for the practice of his pro- fession, and has remained ever since. He was born in Russia, Herkimer county. New York, June 9, 1828, and is a son of Benjeman and Amy A. (Harmon) Duley. At the age of fifteen he started in the world for himself, leaving home in the most destitute condition. He liad no resources but in himself, and ac- quired his education by studying at night. He was in attendance foi- a few months at an academy, but was unable to continue on account of lack of means. For the next four years after leaving home he was engaged at whatever he cotdd find to do, and only b}' hard work and economy was he enabled to succeed. At the age of nine- teen he commenced the study of medicine at Plessis, Jefifei'son county, New Y'ork, with Doctoi's llutchins and Ilosford. After bein"- with them one yeai' he was mari'icd to Miss Phoebe Fox, of the same county, and ^started for Wisconsin, locating at (iravesvillc, when; he entered upon clinical work with Dr. Al- den, and studied and jiracticed at the same time with his preceptor. Five or six 3'eai's latei", he removed to Westfield, Marquette county, Wisconsin, and commenced the i)rac- tice of medicine, and shortly after went to Chicago, Illinois, and attended Bennett Med- ical College, from which he graduated in 1878. He returned to Westfield, and again opened an office. There he remained until 1882, when he came to Minnesota and opened an office at Benson. Swift county, where he practiced until coming to ^[orris. Di'. and Mrs. Duley ai'e the ])arents of live children, only one of whom is living, Ala M., now of ]\rarquette, Wisconsin. In his politics the Doctor is and has always been a democrat. Since his coming here his prac- tice has gradually increased and he is justly considei'ed to be one of the successful prac- titioners of the county. John R. HOLTON, a highly respected and successful business man of the vil- lage of Hancock, is proprietor of the only harness shop at that place. Mr. Ilolton was born at Newport, Washington county, Minn- esota, December 27, 1800. and is a son of David and Cynthia (Atkinson) Ilolton, na- tives of Main and Pennsylvania, respectively. The parents came to Minnesota at an early day, and were married in this State. Tiie father died in Washington county, Minnesota, in 1867, and the mother still lives there. David Holton and wife were the parents of 452 5 TE VEXS CO VXT Y, MtXXE SO TA . eight children, as follows — Etta, Melissa, Orra, Elra, John E., Frank, Charles and Walter, all of whom are living. John R. liolton spent his school days in "Washington county, Minnesota, attending school until he was fifteen years of age. He then engaged in farming and followed that for four years. On the 1st of June, 1872, he came to Stevens county, and located at Hancock, where he has since lived. Dur- ing the first three years of his residence here he ran a livery stable, but at the expira- tion of that time he purchased the harness business of xVlbert Olson, and since that time has carried on his present business. Our siibject was married in Xovember, 1SS7, to Miss Anna Erickson. She is a native of Minnesota, and a daughtei- of Peter Erickson. In political matters Mr. Holton is a repulj- lican, and luis always taken an active interest in ])ul)lic mattei-s. He is the present village marshal. Mr. Ilolton is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Sons of Temperance. 1^ RANK A. HANCOCK, of the firm of iP^ Hancock & Stebbins, dealers in p-roceries, etc., came to Stevens countv in January, 1880, and worked at the carpen- ter's bench for some two or three years. He then, in company with his brother, W. B. Hancock, engaged in the contracting and building business, and followed it until the fall of 1887. In the mean time, in 1886, he had formed a partnership with S. J. Steb- bins, and purchased the stand of N. R. Spurr, who had been engaged in the grocery trade, and since the fall of 1887 has been in the store, actively engaged in this line of business. Mr. Hancock was born in Washington county, Vermont, January 14, 1862, and is the son of Ileman and Marietta (Colburn) Hancock. He was reared upon his father's farm, and received his education in the com- mon-schools of his native State. His home was in the county of his birth until 1880, when he took the advice of the " Sage of Chappa(jua.'' and came West, locating at Morris, wliere he spent two years going to school, working at his trade in the mean time to paj' expenses. His parents, who are natives of Oxford, New Hampshire, and Canada, respectively, are still living on their farm in Vermont, where the}' were married. The subject of this sketch started out in life for himself at the age of eighteen years, and since that time depended entirely on his own exertions. By his industry and energy he has placed himself among the foremost business men of Stevens count\% and since the day of their start in their present busi- ness Messrs. Hancock & Stebbins have had a large and increasing trade, and have, at this writing, the best grocery stoi'e in the village. Mr. Hancock is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, of Morris, in 1SS3, and is a member of Mount Lebanon Chapter, No. 47, E. A. M.; and of Bethel Commandcry, No. 19, K. T. Our subject was mariied, Sei)tember 14, 1887, to Miss Ida Stebbins. WILLIAM PENN WARE, an ex-union soldier, is now a farmer on section 35, Scott township, Stevens county. He is a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, born August 8, 1828. His parents were Isaac and Mary Ann (Hughes) Ware, natives, respect- ively, of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Our subject remained at home, attending school and working until 1844. He then engaged in a woolen factory at Bariy, Pike county, Illinois, to which place his parents had moved in 1839. He served four years in STF.rrcxs; cor.vTV. m/.v.vesota. 453 Wikes' factoiy, working for wages two years, tlie other time spent in apprentice work in the mills. After loaviiig- this factory, he went home and remained until he was twen- ty-six years old. He was married to Louisa Jane Boxloy. daughter of "William and ]\Iary (Roe) Huxley. This marriage union has been blessed by the following children — Henry, ^[ary Kninia. Frank and Carrie. The last named is now deceased, and the other chil- dren are unmarried and at home yet. ilr. Ware enlisted in Company D, Ninety- ninth Illinois Infantry, in August, 1862, and renutined in the service until August, 18(35. He belonged to the Thirteenth Arm\' Corps, and ])articipated in the battle of Ilarts- ville, ilissouri, and Magnolia Hill, Louisiana; he was in three battles before they got to Black River. He was at A^icksburg, New Orleans, crossed the Gulf to Indianolia, and heljied take Fort Esperanza, where they re- mained until nearly spring, and then went to New Orleans again, from there to Mobile and Spanish P'ort. He was also at Fort Blakely, then returned to ifobile and re- mamed till jieace was declaretl. lie was, however, with the army when they went up the lied River to Shreve])ort, where the rebels surrendered to them. From there they went back to Baton Rouge, and were mustered out and sent to Springfield, Illinois, where they were finally paid off and dischargeil. Mr. Ware then returned home, remaining there until 1880, being engaged for nine years as an engineer of a mill. In 1880 he came to the county and township in which he now lives, jnirchasing 110 acres of railroad l:in(J, on section 35. He has eighty acres under a good state of cultivation, and has comfortable building improvements. Politically, oui- subject is a democrat. He belonjis to Lodjie No. o.'jU Odd Fellows' Order, at Barry, Illinois. He is an enterpris- ing farmer, and stands high in the opinion of his neighbors. #OHN KEIM, a prosperous and energetic agriculturist, of Stevens county, is liv- ing on section 20, Eldorado township, where he is engaged extensively and successfully in general farming and stock-raising. He be- longs to the thrifty nationality of the Oer- mans, being born in that Empire June 20. 1826, and is a son of Jermias and Susan Keim, both of whom were also natives of that Fatherland. U]) to the age of twentv- two John worked in his father's stone- quarry, and in 1852 he came to the United States and settled in Buffalo, New York. He worked there on the street at seventy-live cents a da_y, pajing his own board, for two years, when he went to Cattaraugus county, New^ York. After pui'chasing fifty aci'cs of land in that count}', he was engaged in the occupation of farming for the next two years, then sold out and came to St. Paul, Minnesota. Here he went to work as a mason, and, until April 15, 1802, we find him engaged in this labor. April 15, 1802, he enlisted in Company I, Fourth Minnesota In- fantry, and served until April 15, 1805, when he was honorably discharged atAVilmington, Delaware. He participated in eleven hard- foug-ht engagements, and on his dischara:e he was forced to go to Washington, District of Columbia, for his pay. Mr. Keim then returned to his home, where he remained until 1873, when he bought a place in White Bear township, Ramsey county, Minnesota. After remaining there for five years, engaged in agricultural pur- suits, he sold out and came to Stevens county, and took a homestead of KiO acres on sec- tion 20, Eldorado townshi[), where he has since remained. In 1880 he lost his crop by hail, but otherwise he has met with the best of success. The subject of this biography was united in marriage in July. 1848, to Miss Helen Deitz. daughter of Jacol) and Elizebcth Deitz, and this union has been blessed with the fol- 454 STEVEIVS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. lowing children — Peter, married to ]\Iiss Louisa Kragen, and is living in Eaii Claire, Wisconsin; Anna, married to Mr. llillker; Adam, married to Miss Emma McRoberts, and is living in Eldorado township; and Louis, married to Miss Nornbach, and lives in Eldorado township. Our subject is a man of the highest integrity. At present he holds . the office of road overseer, and in political matters he is an adiierent to the principles of the republican party. He and his family are exemplary nunnbers of the Lutheran Church. XiluGH WHITELEY, the president of the X'tl_ Morris Ei'ick Manufacturing Com- ])any. came to that vilhige in 1ST6, and was deputy postmaster for two or three years. At the expiration of that time he was elected to fill the office of county treasui-er, and was re-elected his own successor, serving in that capacity for seven successive j^ears. During this time the Morris Brick Yard and Manu- facturing Company was organized and when it became an incorporated bod^^ Mr. White- ley was appointed president and general manager and has given that his attention ever since. When he left the treasurer's office it was to take charge of the Morris Loan and Abstract Com]iany's affair, but shortly after, not approving of their methods of doing business, withdrew, and has been de- voting his attention to the brickyard and in assisting his wife in her millinery and not ion store. He has occupied an important place in the town and village, and m 1S87 was elected to the council on the anti-license ticket, and has been a member of the school board for five years. Mr. Whiteley is a native of the North of Ireland, and was born ^fay 12, 1825. He re- mained in the land of his birth until he was twenty years of age, and then came to the United States. Although he had been brought up on a farm, he located in Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, and there engaged in clerical labor for a number of years. In 1871 he came West, and on bis arrival at St. Cloud, Minnesota, drove across the State to Traverse county, a distance of 150 miles, and took up a claim, and followed farming for the succeeding five years, and never harvested a crop owing to the destruction of the seed or grain by blackbirds, gophers or grassliop})ers. At the end of that time he came to Morris, and has been here ever since. He is the owner of 160 acres of land in the town of Horton, and consideraljle ])roperty in the vil- lage. Mr. Whiteley was married in August, 1801, to Miss Mary AA'ljite, and they have a family of six children whose names are, respec- tively — Martha J., George, Minnie, Kellie, Frank and ^Vfaud. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and are active workers in religious and temperance circles. Mr. White- ley has always taken a decided stand in the matter of prohibition, and has done a great deal of useful work in that connection. His wife established her millinery and notion store in 1887, and carries a full line of goods in those branches, and has the patronage of the best class of trade in the countv. » ISOMER R. EDDY, one of the thor- oughgoing farmers of Horton town- ship, Stevens county, Minnesota, living on sec. tion 22, was born in i)e Kail) county', Illinois, December 7, 1852. His ]iarents were Rich- ard and Mary E. (Sanborn) Eddy, of New York. They immigratetl to Illinois at an early day — 184-i. From that State they moved to Olmsted county, jNIinnesota, where they remained twelve years on a farm. From there they went to Sauk Centre, then to STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 455 Popo county, finally locating in Stevens county, at their ju'csont place. The father (lied inlSS4, at ^lorris, aged sixty-four years. He was a republican in politics, and followed fai'Miing for iiis livelihood, together with teaciiing school. He was educated in his native State, and taught school in all tiie various localities in which he lived. He was identilied closely witli tiie matters of his county, holding various offices, and helped organize the school district known as No. 20. The mother of our subject is still alive, aged fifty-nine }'ears. Their family of grown-up cliildren are — Homer R., Frank M., Volna H., Eugene, George, Bige and Lew. Two daugiiters, Lotta and Ellen, are now' deceased. Our subject finished his schooling in Pope county, ^Minnesota, at the age of twenty years. After leaving the school-room, he went to farm life, and has followed it ever since. He was married November 4, 1874, to Miss Clara Baily, daugiiter of AV. H. 15aily, a farmer and mechanic. Mrs. Edd}' was educated in Pojic county also, and is now tiie mother of three children — Guy, Lee and Hazel, all living at home. Mr. Eddy is a republican in his political belief, and is now clerk of school district No. 20, as well as chairman of the Board of Su- pervisors of Horton township — elected in 1884. He is comfortably situated on his eigiity acre farm, on section 22, where he does a successful farming and stock-raising business. ©AVID RANKIN, a respected citizen of tiie village of Hancock, is a native of New Brunswick, Canada, born December 24, 1847, and is a son of David and Eliza- beth (Denzmore) Rankin. His parents were natives of lielfast, Ireland, but early in life tiiey came to America anil located near St. John's, New Brunswick, where tliey^ were married. The father was engaged in farm- ing and lumbering. In the father's family there were eleven children, as follows — James, William, Elizabeth, David, Jane, Max- well, Emeline and Adaline (twins), Ileni'y, Fred S. antl Susie. James, "William, Eliza- beth, David, Jane and Maxwell are mari-ied. David Rankin, our jiresent subject, spent his school (lays at St. Andrew's, New Bruns- wick, attending school until he was nineteen years of age. He then engaged for some time in farming and lumbering, and when twentj' years old he began learning the blacksmith's trade at St. Andrew's. He served an apprenticeship of four or five years, learning the business thoroughly, and has followed that calling ever since. In Janu- ary, 1875, he came to the United States and settled at Minneajiolis, Minnesota, where he worked at his trade for two years and a half. At the expiration of that time, in Ma}', 1877, he came to Stevens county, and opened a lilacksmith shop at Llancock, which he has since carried on. He is an excellent work- man, and as his is tiie only shoj) in the place he does a large business. ]\Ir. Rankin was married on the lOtli of Januarj', 1874, to Miss Amanda Jane Ryno, a native of Nova Scotia, and a daughter of Lewis Ryno and wife. She is a lady of in- telligence, and has taken an active interest in church work, being a member of the P>ap- tist denomination. ►^^ WV-'E. CLEMETSON, one of the most 2^ prominent citizens of Stevens county, is a man of general utility, being a farmer, carpenter, surveyorand blacksmitli, and is a go(jd and practical man at all these various branches of trade. He is the son of Elmer and Anna (Anderson) Olson, natives of Nor- way. Tiie son was born March 28, ls35. He was well schooled, receiving a high 456 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. scliool education, Ijesides oradiiatiiio: at an academy of surveying. He finished his schooling when about twent^'-eight years of age; he had, however, superintended his fath- ers farm and helped transact his business matters in the meantime. It seems that the father had loanetl money on a farm owned by the mother, and the same had to be fore- closed by the due process of law, after which the property fell into the hands of our sub- ject, and later he became the owner of his father's farm also. He worked the farm until 18t)0. Among the unlucky business adven- tures he experienced was one of a saw mill and lumber business, in which he lost §8,000. It was brouijlit ai)out bv a long- lefi-al figlit, in whicii the attorneys got the greater por- tion. In 1S69 he came to the United States, landing at Xew York, being eleven days on tiie ocean. Among the incidents connected with the voyage, was the fact that the steward fell overi:)oar(l, near New York liar- l)or antl was lost. Upon landing, our sub- ject came direct to Chicago, Illinois, where lie worked at the carpenter business for one month, and then came to Cokato, Wright county, Minnesota. He took a contract of grading four and a half miles of the St. J'aul & Pacfic Railway from DeGrafif & Company. The same year he made a pre- emption, on section 27, Cokato township, wiiich the railroad company contested, and tlie same is not yet settled. In 1875 he re- turned to his native land, returning the fol- lowing year. He came direct to liendsville townsliip, Stevens county. Minnesota, and ran a blacksmith shop at Donnellj' for two years. He took a homestead of eigiity acres on section 20, IJendsville township. He has since bought sixty acres moi-e, which constitutes his present farm. Mr. Clemetson was married, August 12, 1S77. in his liome township, toLouisaErickson, fi'om Cokato. They have had five children — Anna ]\Iarv, born June 17, 1878, now in school, and is ver\' efficient in both vocal and instrumental music; Louisa Othelia, born Decembei- 31, 1879; Carl Clemetson, born April 6, 1882; Clara Eegina, born May 3, 1SS4; Amanda, born June 25, 1SS7, and died August 4, 1887, Our subject has been very active in set- tling various colonies in Minnesota, having organized and settled two in Stevens county. He has been chairman of the board of super- visors, justice of the peace and scliool director of district Xo. 7, Eoth he and his wife are acceptable members of the Lutheran Church. In politics he is independent in thought and vote. "*^"*i?4St^J^' '^♦■* ^^UY VALENTINE, a highly respected \QjX farmer of section 4, Moore township, Stevens county, was born in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1867. He is a son of Albion and Florence (Bartlett) Valentine, natives of Somerset county, Maine. The family moved West, coming to Min- nesota, in 1853, remaining two years, then going back to their old home for a year's stay, and then returned to Minnesota. This time, the father engaged in tlie butcher business in Minneapolis, at 206^ Central Avenue — East Division — where he still lives. The family comprised five children — two sons and three daughters — Guy, Bern ice, Lee, May and Florence. Our subject spent his bo3'hood days in school at Minneapolis, besides one term at the military school at Faribault, Minnesota. He worked for his fatiier until he came to Stevens county, in 1SS7, locating on a place bought by his fatiier, in 1871, comprising 600 acres, upon which he carries on an extensive farming business, the breeding of fine stock being a special branch. He handles Norman and French Coach horses together with Poland-Chimf swine. He possesses one of tiie finest, best paying STEVFNS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 457 farms in Stevens county. Mr. Valentine belongs to tlie order of tiie Sons of Temper- ance, joining tlieni in 18S8 at Hancock. In politics he is a republican. lie lias the respect and good will of all who have ever formed his accpiaintance, and is recognized as one of the most capable business men in the southern part of the county. ©LE C. HANSON, of the mercantile Hrm of Wells Brothers & Hanson, came to Stevens county in 18(19, and, for a time, was in the employ of DeGraff & Com- pany, railroad contractors. In 1871 he entereil the store of Wilkins & Wolff, and one year later the firm became Woltf & Wells. He remained witli this firm until 1878. In the latter year the business house of Ilelgeson & Hanson was established, with the subject of this sketch as junior partner, as general merchants in the village of Morris, and they carried on the business until March, 1887. In 1883 the lirm opened a branch store at Milnor, Dakota, and when the connection was dissolved, l\Ir. Ilelgeson took the latter stand, and ^Ii-. Hanson the store in j\Iorris. At the same time the old partnership was dissolveil, and the present fii'in was formed under the name and style of Wells Brothers & Hanson. Mr. Hanson has always taken an active interest in all county and village matters, and was elected one of the members of the coun- cil in 188G, and has served on the school lioanl two years. He is a member of the Jfasonic fraternity, having been made a Ma- son in (iolden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, in 1879, and is the present Worshipful Ma.ster. He is also a memiier of Mt. Lebanon (^'hapter, No. 47. li. .\. M. : of liethel Commandery, No. 19, K. T. ; of Osman Temple. N. M. S . ; and of Jf orris Lodge, Xo. .").">, A. (). U. W. The sultject of this biography was born in Norway, March 31, 18.53, and remained in the land of his birth until he was sixteen j'ears old. At that age he immigrated to the United States, and came directly to Minne- sota. He made his home in Filhnore county one year, where he attended school, and then came to Stevens count}', as related above, and has brought about his present ])rosperity en- tirelj' by his own energy and business tact. Mr. Hanson was married, October 16, 1879, to Miss Mary Olson, and by this union they are the parents of the following chil- dren — Abert, Oscar, Herbert J. and Minnie. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are members of the Lutheran Church of Morris, and are zealous Christian people. -«- ^^►^ #UST NEUDICK. The subject of this article is a prominent and thrifty "tiller of the soil " on section 10, in Pepper- ton township. He is a native of Germany, born August 8, 1849, and is a son of Guttip and Dorah Neudick, who are natives of the same Empire. Our subject remained in his native land until he was six j'ears of age, and at that age he came to the United States and settled in Minneapolis, ^linnesota. where he worked on a farm midway between the Twin Cities. His parents bought land in South Minneap- olis, where they are at ])resent residing. Gust remained with his father and mother until he was twenty-one years old, when he commenced the battle of life for himself. He bought a team and for the next eight years teamed in Minneapolis. He then moved to Stevens county, ]\Iinnesota, with team, and took a homestead of IfiO acres on his present location. He now has a fine farm of 166 acres, 100 acres under cultivation, and substantial building im]irovements. Mr. Neudick was married in Minneapolis, in 1873, to Miss Anna Depolder, a native of 458 STEVFXr. COU.VTY. A/I.VA'ESOTA. German}', who came to the United States when she \vas a small child. The}' have been blessed witli the following children — Fred, John and Ida, all of. whom are living and at home. Our subject is a man of the highest honor and integrit}^ and is highly esteemed by all who know him. ILLIAM RIORDAN, a progressive ^^ farmer of section 5, Moore town- ship, Stevens county, is a native of Ireland, born ill f bounty Cork, October 17, 1852. His parents were Eugene and Marj' (Callahan) Riordan, of tlie same county in Ireland. The parents lived and died in the samecoun- tv in which tliey were boi-n. The father died in 186S and tlie mother in 1878. They were the parents of eleven children — seven sons and four daughters, all of whom grew to mature years, except one, who died at the age of two 3'ears. David died July 4, 1885. The living children are — Julia, now Mrs. Fitzgerald; Patrick, still in Ireland; Mary Ann, now Mrs. Galvin, a farmer's wife in Darnen township; Daniel, married a national school teaclier in his native counti'v; Honora, still unmarried and a Sister of Mercy, located at Queensland, Australia; Kate was formerly the same as her sister, init is now deceased; John, still single and a carpenter by trade, works at Morris, Stevens county, Minnesota; Eugene is attending col- lege in Michigan, on the borders of tiie lake. Our subject spent his scliooldays in County Coi'k, Ireland, coming to the United States in 1870. He came from New York City to Minnea])olis, ^Minnesota, and worked for a term of two years, attending school part of the winter seasons. He then went to Marj^- land, where he was emploj'ed in the coal and iron mining business for seven'years, and then came to Stevens county, Minnesota, locating in Moore towhship, where he has since lived. When he first came, he bought a quarter sec- tion of land and homesteaded the same amount — making a half section tract in all. He now has 240 acres in Moore township, 160 acres in Hodges and 160 acres in Ilorton townshipSjbesides property in Maryland, con- sisting of houses and lots. He was married in 1879, to Miss Kate Joice, a native of Minneapolis, she being the daughter of John and Mary Joice, farmers, living at present in Douglas count\', Min- nesota, Mrs. Riordan being the oldest of a family of fourteen children. She was ed- ucated at thecity of Minneapolis, and beloiigs to tlie Roman Catholic Church, as does her husband, who also belongs to the Ancient Order of Hibernians and to the Catholic Total Abstinence Society of America, at Morris, Minnesota. In his politics, he is a staunch democrat and a strong man in his chosen party. Mr. and Mrs. Riordan have a home blessed by the presence of one daugh- ter and four sons — Eugene, Mary, John, Josejih and William. foHN O. AASUMB, a prominent farmer of the town of Donnelly, was born in Nor- way, February 25, 1820. Fle was reared in his native land, and on attaining his majoritj' adoi)ted farming as an avocation. He re- mained there until 1871, when, leaving his family in tiieold home, he sailed for the JSTew World, to see if in this portion of the earth tiiere was not a lietter lot for him and his than in his native land. On arriving in the United States he came at once to Minnesota, where he had a brother living, and after passing the winter with that relative, went to work on railroad construction, at which he was employed for three years. Returning to the old country he soon brought the fam- ily to this land, and the next spring, built a S;TF.I'/:xS COaiVTY. Mlh-NESOTA. 450 house oi\ liis homestead on section 2, Don- nelly towiisiiip. where he now lives. He has ICO acres in his farm, sixty-live of which are under cultivation, and is well stocked with a fair trrade of domestic cattle and horses. He lost part of his first crop on this farm by the gi-assiioppers, and a ])ai-t of another hy iiail. l)Ut lias generally met with an abundant success. Mr. Aasumb was united in marriage, in 1S53, with Miss Anna Swanson, and by this union there have been born a family of six children — Ole, Severt, Andrew, Gunerius, ifary and Anna. Ole is married and lives at Whitewater, Wisconsin. Severt, also married, lives in tlie same ])lace, both being engaged in tailoring. Andrew (4. eame to this county with his parents, and has made his home here ever since. The lirst live years he worked for others, but turned his wages over to his father to hclj) make the improvements on the farm, like a dutiful son, and is now general manager of the old homestead, and carries on all the business pertaining to the place, leaving his fiither to enjoy iiis ease wlien he sees fit. The family are zealous members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and earnest workers for the advancement of the cause of religion. The father and son are prohibi- tionists in their political creed. •-4- ..ert O., Minnie and John C, besides one child that died in infancy. Mr. Poison has always taken an active interest in public affairs, and is now street commissioner of the village. He is a repub- lican in political matters, and has always taken iin active interest in the campaigns of that part}', and was a delegate to the last congressional convention. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is adjutant of his post ; and is also a member of the Sons of Temperance. DWIN LEE, one of the most highly re- spected citizens of Baker township, is a resident of section 18. He was born in Jefferson county. New York, ilay 15, 18-10, and is a son of John and Alice (Wisley) Lee. His parents are now both deceased, the mother having been killed in a cyclone at Madison, Dakota Territory, in 1884. The jiarents had a family of twelve children — William, Laura, Henry, Charles, Pobert, Edwin, George, Mary, Delburt, Betsey, Frank and Libbie C, William is married and lives in iladison, Dakota Territory, and is sheriff of the countv in which he lives- Laura is married to John AVillcox and lives in Chicago, Illinois; Henry, married and is a resident of Dakota; Robert is living in Aladi- son, Dakota Territor\- ; George, Delburt anil Frank are now residents of Oregon ; ilary is the wife of Mr. Hungerfert, living in Chi- cago, Hlinois; Betsey is the wife of John Walker, and resides in Madison, Dakota Ter. ritory; Charles and Libbie are decea.sed. William was dispatch carrier during the war, and government scout for one year in the Black Hills. Edwin Lee, whose name heads this article, remained at home, attending school, until he was eighteen years of age, at which time he went at work on a steam-boat, after which he engaged in the pineries for Jones & AVelling- ton, for whom he worked for about lifteen years. During this time he also engaged to some extent in farming, worked on a log drive and in various other occupations. Af- ter relinquishing his engagement with Jones ifc Wellington he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and filed on a homestead of 160 acres on section IS, in Baker town- ship. In connection with his farming he carries on the blacksmithing trade, hav- ing an establishment of this description on his place. Although he has met with the misfortune of being burned out twice, he has persevered, and now has a good, well- improved farm on which he carries on a successful farming and st(jck-raising lousiness. Mr. Lee was married in Oshkosli, Wis- consin, July 21, 1870, to Miss Kate McCabe, daughter of John and Ellen (Conghlin) Mc- Cabe, natives of Ireland. By tiiis union, the following children have been l^orn to them — Ellen K.. born .May 14, 1871. died August 26, 1872: John E.. born .March 10, 1873; James F., born July 5, 1875 ; Anna ^L.i)orn May 7, 1878; William H., born July 27, 462 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 188:^; Josepli C. born September 1, 1884, and Edwin A., born A|iril 1.3, 1887. Mr. Lee has moved to Graceville for tlie winter of 1888 in order to give liis children the educational advantages afforded at that place. He is one of the public spirited men of the township, and has held the offices of supervisor one term, and school treasurer for three \-ears. In political matters he is au adherent to the principles of the repub- lican party. ^M ^NTON E. ANDERSON, the marshal ot 'll^\. the village of Morris, came to Stevens county in February, 1876, and bought a claim to 160 acres of land, in the town of Framnas. He rented a farm that season and a yoke of oxen, and sowed some ninet}' acres, but the grasshoppers took nearly the entire crop. The same year he broke up about fifty acres of land on his own farm and the next season tilled its soil. In the spring of 1877 the house he was living in was de- stroyed by fire, and he lost everything, except the clothes he and his family' had on. He then removed to the village of Morris. The grasshoppers took his crop that season also, and being in bad shape, financially, he and his wife went to work for eight months at $20 per month. In the spring of 1878 he built a house on his farm, and had a good cro]) that year. In the fall following, he entered the emplo\' of the Minneapolis Lumber Company, and had charge of their yard at Morris, until 1882, during which time he also carried on his farm. In the latter year the yard was sold to C. AV. Rohne, and our subject remained with him. The next year the proprietcn- of the yard entered into the banking inisiness, and Mr. Anderson took charge of the lumber business as a working partner, and continued in that line until the summer of 1884, when he returned to his farm; where he lived until the fall of 1887, at Avhicli time he came back to Morris, where he has since remained. In 1880, Mr. Anderson was a]ipointed deputy sheriff, and held the office for four years, and was re-appointed to the same po- sition in 1886, and still holds that office, and in the spring of 1888 was appointed village marshal. The subject of this sketch was born in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, September 15, 1852, and is the son of Oleand Ellen An- derson, both of whom were natives of Nor- way, who had settled in Wisconsin in 18-1:6. He is the eldest in a family of eight children, and was reared upon his father's farm. At the age of sixteen he went to the pineries of Michigan, and worked one winter, and, in the fall of 1868, commenced to learn the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked some five or six years. He was two years with the Champion Machine Company, and then came to Minnesota, and settled in this county, as has been stated. Mr. Anderson was married, December 25, 1884, to Miss Christine Nelson, and by this union there have been born four children — Edna, George, Cora and Ida. The subject of our jiersonal history is a member of the Fire Department of the village; of Morris Lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. W. ; of Scott Legion, Select Knights and of the Odd Fellows' organization. lie and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and in his political views he is a republican. MLeNRY HODGMAN, the present man- J^A. ager of the Hood farm, is a native of Pierce count}', Wisconsin, where he was born, December 4, 1858. Five years later, in 1863, his people moved to Red Wing, Minne- STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 463 sota, where his father worked in a flouring mill, remaining there until tlie time of his death. July 14, 1S77. Henry remained at liome with the family, until nineteen years of age, when he came to this (Stevens) county, for the purpose of opening up a farm, which his father had pur- chased previous to his death. He success- fully operated this place, until the autumn of 1SS7, when he was called to takecliarge of tiie Hood farm. He is looked upon as one of the most successful farmers as well as business managers in the county. Mr. Hodgman was married to MissKegina Schulz. of Stevens county, in April, 1887. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hodgnum have the re- spect of a wide circle of friends. The Hood farm, on section 7, of Darnen, was opened in the spring of 1877 by Hood tfe Hoyt, of Eed Wing. As grain farmers they carried on a successful business for seven years. E. H. Hood then become pro- prietor, and has run the place as a stock fai-m, breeding and dealing in the fines>t blooded cattle and hor.ses. The farm con- sists of 640 acres. 320 of which are cultivated. There are numerous tine buildings upon the place. Xo better man could have been cliosen as the manager of tiiis farm than ]\Ir. Hodgman. J^ATRICK SPAIN, a well-known and J^ substantial farmer of the southern part of Stevens countv, is a resident of section 6, Horton township. He was born in May, 1822, in Ireland, and is the son of Patrick and Bi'idgett S[)aiii, of Ireland. Tiun' came to the United States when our subject was only six years of age, landing at Boston, and lived at Manciiester, New Hampshire, for fifteen yeai-s. They then removed to Dakota count}^ Minnesota. There the fatiier purchased land upon which he is still living, at the advanced age of ninety years- He lias followed farm life ever since a boy. His wife died at St. Paul, Minnesota, August 15, 1876, being about sixt}^ years old at tiie date of her death. Tiie family were all members of the Eoman Catiiolic Church. There were three children — two sons and one daughter — Patrick, ]\Iichael and Brid- gett. Patrick, our subject, received Ins schooling in New Hampshire, quitting at the age of fifteen years, when he went to work in a cotton factory, continuing for about twelve years, tiien came West with his parents, in the year 1855, since which time he has farmed. He came to Stevens county in 1878, during tiie month of May. and home- steaded a quarter of section 6, whei'e he now lives. We will now retrace our sketch, in order to record a very important era in our subject's life. January 9, 1862, he enlisted under Captain Bingham, in the Second Minnesota Cavalry. His service was mainly in the West, including the Black Hills and Yellow Stone Eiver expeditions, where he was on a six months' expedition, and took part in a o-ood manv encounters with the Indians. He was finally discharged for disability at Fort Snelling Hospital, whereupon he returned to Dakota county. He was married in April, 1868, to Miss Ann Burke, a native of Ireland, she being one of a family of two sons and two daughters, all of wIhuu came to this country. The parents are l)()lli AcmX. Our subject and his wife were nuii'ried at St. Paul, by Bishop Ireland, of the Ronum Catholic Church, to whicii they belong. Tiiev are the parents of two children — William and Anna, both hving at home with their parents. In his political belief Mr. Spain is a lirm believer in the democratic party and its principles. 464 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. RANK A. ZAHL, deputy sheriff of Stevens county, also operates a livery and sale stable in the village of Morris. He is a native of German}', born December ?>, 1856, and is the son of Otto and Minnie Zahl. llis father died when our subject was but five yeai's old and he lost his mother when he was about thirteen. After the lat- ter event he went to live with an older sister, but one year later they sold out their prop- ei'ty in the fathei-land and immigrated to America. With them came an older bi-other, and the three started with the intention of joining two other brothers, then living in Stevens county. The sister Avas taken sick 'on their ai'rival in this country, and was left in the East while the l)oys came to St. Paul, and were there found l)y their brother, to wiioin they had written. Frank A. i-emained in the latter city until joined Ijy iiis sister, and tiien came to this county, where he remained lor three \'ears, working on various farms in the summers, and trapping in the ^vinter months. During the excitement in regard to the Black Hills, in the spring of 1S76, he started for that region. On his arrival at Bismarck, he heard of the hard times in the diggings and went up the Mis- souri Kiver, where he Wiis engag-ed in cutting: cord wood for the steamboat company for a month, after which he \A'as employed in teaming for the Government, from Fort Buford to Fort Custer, a distance of some 200 miles, and remained in that business for a year. He and his bi'otlier then went to P^ort Keogh near Miles City, Montana., and started a wood-yard on the Yellowstone river, to supply the steamboats. In the win- ter they hunted the buffalo for their hitles, and they have killed :is high as a hundred in a day. This mode of life they followed for five years, making a large amount of monev. After the Xoi'thern Pacific Railroad came through that pai't of the counliy, the brothers started a saloon and hotel at the mouth of the Powder Horn River, and con- tinued in that business for a yeai", and then put up a good building and built a ferry boat. The town did not turn out as was expected, and the brothers lost all they had made in six 3' ears. The boys then dis- solved jiartnership and Frank took the team, all that the}' Lad left, and went to hauling rock for the railroad com])any,which business he followed for six months. He then, in company with Samuel Hilburn, opened a small store at Terry, but a year later sold out to his partner and engaged in stock-i-aising on a ranch he founded. For four years he gave his attention to that bus- iness, and then was ai)pointed deputj' sheriff of Custer county, ]\[ontana, and served in that ca])acity for three j'ears, arresting some of the most desperate characters of that law- less region in the discharge of his duty. From there he removed to AVilliston, Dakota, soon returned to Montana, and there bought a carload of horses and brought them to Morris, and after disposing of a part of them, opened the livery stable that he is now running. In the spring of 1888 Mr. Zahl was appointed to the office of deputy sheriff, which he fills at the present writing. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' frater- nity, and is one of the most highly respected citizens of the village. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage December 25, 1882, with Miss Car- rie Rattele, of Centralia, Wisconsin. Mr. Zahl relates many varied and inter- esting anecdotes and reminiscences of his long sta\' in the wilds of ]\[ontana and Yel- lowstone River region. One mornin"' he went out to get the horses.and thoughtlessly lefthis gun at the camji, as there were no indica- tions that Indians were near. On his way he picked up a long club, to protect himself from rattlesnakes, which were very numer- ous in that country. When within about 300 vards of the horses, five mounted In- STEVEiVS COUNTY, MIXA'ESOTA. 465 dians suddenly apjWcared, and one, with i-ifle ready, started for liini, wliilo the rest made for the horses. Mr. Zahl started to iim, hut as the mounted Indian rapidly gained on him, he saw tiiat Might was out of tlie ques- tion, and accordingly he crouched behind a large sage bush. Tlie Indian a))))roached until he leveled his stick over the top of the bush, and the redskin, thinking it was a ritle. speedily pi'otected himself with the horse in the well-known Indian fashion. The other Indians, in the mean time having secured the horses, all live nuule off together. Jlr. Zahl then hastened to the camp to warn and ncjtify his companions, but as they had no horses, pursuit was useless. lUSTlN BERKIN, of thevillageof Morris, was born in Norway, June -i, 1860, and when twelve years of age was brouglit to the United States. The relatives with whom he came settled in Sauk Center, Stearns county, Minnesota, and there he lived until 1S80, when he came to Stevens county. When he was fourteen 3-ears of age he was thrown upon his own resources, and for a time was em])loyed at whatever he could find to do, attending school through the winter months. When he was about eight- eeu years of age he went into the cattle business, shipping Xortli and West. One year later he located in Morris, and opened a saloon, which he has been running ever since. In 1883 he opened another place of tiie same kind in Milbank, Dakota, which lie carried on until January, 1888, and then closed out the stock antl rented the building, which belongs to him. About the same time he purchased a farm of 100 acres in tiie town (jf Framnas which he is carrying on at the ])resent time. Mr. Berkin was united in nuirriage, Aug- ust 3, 1887, to Miss Ida L. Olson, of Swift county. He is a member of the ^lorris Loan and Building Association, and of the Morris Fire Department, and is one of the most popular citizens in the ]ilac(^ The first building jjut up by Wv. lierkiu in Milbank was a two-stor^'- frame edifice, with an oi)era house in the second story, which was well littetl up with sceneiy, etc., and a fine saloon and Ijilliard hall on the STonnd fiooi'. This was destroyed by fire, Novem- ber 17, 1884, with a loss of over $7,000 on which he had but $2,750 insurance. The following spring, in connection with the Merchant's Bank of that place, he erected a fine brick building, at a cost of $4,000, which he still owns. He is, in the truest sense, the architect of his own fortune, and owes his present prosperous condition to his own in- dustry and diligence, lie stands high in the estimation of the peojile of the community, and is one of the foremost, public-sjnritiid citizens of the village. -^^ fOHN P. BACKIUS, a prominent old set- tler and eneigetic farmer of the town of Framnas, residing on section 4, first saw the light of day in the kingdom of Sweden, August 19, 1841, and is the son of Peter and Anna (Johnson) Backius, both of whom were natives of that counti-y. lie ])assed his younger daj's in the land of his birth, and attended the schools provided for the youth of that kingdom. On attaining his manhood, like many of his countrymen, he cast his eyes toward America, where the chances and possibilities of life were so much greater than in Sweden, and in July, 1SC5, he crossed the ocean to the United States and landed at New York. From that port he came to Minnesota, and was employed at farm labor in Wabasha county, for fourteen months. In Henry count}', Illinois, he then spent about nine months on a farm, and then re- 466 STF.VEXS COUXTV, MIXXESOTA. turned to Wabasha county, this State, and there made his home until October, 1869, when he came to Stevens countj- and took up, under the homestead and tree claim act. the 200 acre farm where he now lives. All the improvements upon his place were made by himself, and are of an excellent character. Mr. Backius was united in marriage in 1874, with Miss Liza Larson, who died in 1876. In November, 1877, he married Miss Betsey Buckman, who is the mother of one son — "Willie A. In his political views Mr. Backius favors the republican party, and usually casts his ballot for the candidates of that organiza- tion. Being of an eminenth^ domestic dis- position he has but little aspiration for public office, preferring to give his undivided atten- tion to his large farm, and enjoy the un- mingled joys of his own fireside. lie is a leader in the counsels and opinions of his neighborljood and one of the representative men of the town and county. ^MrNE ERICKSON, a highly respected 'J^>^^ farmer of Eendsville township, Stevens county, living on section 32, is a na- tive of Norway, whicii country hasfurnisiied many of the sturdy farmers of this section of Minnesota. He is the son of Erick and Martha (Anderson) Erickson. He was l)orn in October 1852, and I'eceived the ordinary schooling given in the land of his nativity. He worked on his father's farm until he was eighteen years of age. He then, thinking, from all he could learn, that the United States was a better country for a poor man than Norway, he crossed the ocean in 1871. landing in New York after a four weeks' passage. He came direct to Beloit, Wiscon- sin, except a week spent in Chicago. From Beloit he went to Clinton Junction, where he engaged to work on a farm, working for about six months. After this ex])erience he came to Morris, Minnesota : there he worked one year on the I'ailway ti'ack as a common laborer. The next work was for a wood contractor at Fort Sisseton, among the Indians; he remained there live months. He spent the following winter at Morris and again went to work on the railway, which, together with farming, he followed six years. In 1879 he took up a homestead of eighty acres, and since has bought eighty acres more. On this quarter section he has lived until the present time, making for him- self one of the finest homes in the township. In the autunm of 1886 he made a trip to his native country — Norway — returning the next March. Mr. Erickson was married May 30, 1875, to Miss Ida Anderson, of Eendsville town- ship,but who had recently come from Sweden. This union has been blessed by the birth of six children — Emma Matilda, Emil Al- bert, Anna Mary, Olof, George and Clara Amanda. In his politics our subject is a republican, believing, as do most of his countrymen, that this party best subserves the interest of the masses of our people. He is the present township treasurer of Eendsville township, ever manifesting an interest in the public ffood of the county in which he lives. He belono-s to the Lutheran Church, and has the ffood will of all with whom he associates. By dint of industry and frugality he has gained for himself a line farm home. l^RANK WAHLDIECK, one of the lead- IP^ ino; farmers of Stevens county, is a resident of section 4, Morris townsiiip. lie was born in Germany, December '7, 1831. His parents were Frank and Whelmenia STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 467 (Biletz) Waliklieck, also of German birth. Frank left his native country, in 1853, coming to America, lie remained a month in New York City after lie lantled. lie worked as a railroad hand, and also in a brick j^ard for a short time. Finally, he found more lucra- tive employment as a cigar maker, at which he worked for about seven months. From that jjosition he went to South Carolina to aid in the building of a railroad, then in course of construction. Soon after, however, he was employed in a copper mine in Tonnes- see, at which place he remained and worked for two years, and from that State went to Alaijama, where he found the same sort of work. His next location was in Kashville, Tennessee, where he followed cigar making aofain for about a vear long-er. The next year was spent at St. Louis. November IS, 1858, he enlisted in the regular army for the term of five years, receiving bis honorable discharge from that service, in the autumn of 1803. He came out a cripple, caused by four gunshot wounds. He next took employ- ment in the Government stables, as a night watchman at Washington, District of Col- umi)ia, where he remained a year, and from that point went to St. Louis and again resumeil the rule of cigar maker, which calling he followed a year. February 6, 1866, he fell in with his old regiment at Jeffer- son Barracks and remained with them three yejirs, and was then discharged, February 6. 1SG9, and received the appointment of post trader in Dakota Territory, which place he held two years, then came to his present place. Mr. Waliklieck was nuiri-ied to Sophia Knupple, February 20, 1869, by whom four children were born — Kate, Augusta (de- ceased). Bertha and Herman. The mother died. :\Iay 31, 1886. rolitically, our subject is an independent voter. lie has had a life full of changes of location, as well as occupation, but has finally secm-ed for himself a comfortable home, has a good improved farm of 160 acres, and is looked upon as one of the most reliable and substantial farmers in the northern [)art of the countv. |[^AENNIS MURPHY, whose fine farm 'Sf home may be found on section 3(J, Horton township, in Stevens county, Minne- sota, is a native of Ireland, born in the Count}' Cork. His parents were Jeremiah and Ellen (Murphy) Murphy. The father was a laboring man, and died in his native land. The mother came to Canada in later years, and died at her son's, in 1869. They belonged to the Eoman Catholic Church. Their chiklren were — John, Dennis, Ellen and Mary. Two are in the United States and two in Canada. Our subject came to America in 1849, land- ing at the city of Quebec, Canada, remained there until 1861, then came to the United States, stopping in Michigan eight j'ears, en- gaged at raining. From there he went to Duluth, Minnesota, where he followed rail- roading for eight years. From the last named point he came to Stevens county, tak ing up a homestead of 160 acres, on section 30, as before described. He has since added another quarter section, making a half sec- tion in all. He does a large farming and e:raded stock-raising- business. Mr. Murphy obtained his education in Ire- land, leaving school when only twelve years of age, after which he was compelled to la- bor by the day and month, until he came to this counti'v. Mr. ilurph\' was married in May, 1855, to Miss Honora Murph}-, a native of County Kerry, Ireland, coming to America with her people. She married Mr. ^lurphy at Strat- ford, Canada. Her father died in his native place, but her mother died in Minnesota. 46S STEVRNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Our subject's fainil}' comprises the follo\y- ing twelve children — Ellen, Maggie, Mary Ann, Kittie, Alice, Emma, Eosa, John, Pat- rick, Michael, James and William. All are still unmarried, and three are away from home. The family are all believers in the faith of the Roman Catholic Church. He belongs to the Sons of Temperance, at Morris, Minnesota. Politically Mr. Murphy is a democrat. He has been township supervisor since 1885, and was elected to the office of clerk of scliool district No. 41, in 1887. -««i George w. maughan, d. v. s., the well-known veterinary sui'geon of Morris, is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born July 29, 1819. He was reared in the land of his birth, and at the age of eighteen, having a natural taste that wa}^, he commenced to study for liis present pro- fession. He is a graduate of the College of Veterinary Surgeons, of Edinburgh, Scot- land, and thoroughly qualified in his chosen profession. After finishing his studies at that celebraj;ed institute of learning he opened an office in his old home and prac- ticed there for some time. Immigrating to America, he located in London, Canada, and there followed his profession for about eight- een months, after which he removed to Brad- ford county, Pennsylvania, in which place he spent seven or eight years engaged in at tending to the ills of the equine race. In 1879 the Doctor came to Stevens county, and, loca- ■ting in the villageof Morris, commenced prac- tice there, and has continued to make that his residence ever since. The subject of our sketch has taken a great interest in all town and village matters, and in the spring of 1888 was elected a mem- ber of the council, and is serving in that body at the present writing. Pie is a mem- ber of Morris Lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. "W.; of Scott Legion, No. 13, Select Knights; and of Crystal Lodge, No. 132, I. O. O. F. The Doctor is devoted to his profession, and has the best librarv in that line in the western part of the State, if not in the entire State. Dr. Maughan was married November 6, 1881, to Miss Emma Frisby, and they are the parents of one child — Ernest. Mrs. Maughan is a daughter of Phillip and Lena (Stutz) Frisby. WILLIAM HENRY HILAND, one of the go-ahead farmers of Stevens county, living on section G, of IVfoore town- ship, is a native of Ireland, born in County Kilkeney, in December, 1822. He is the son of Catharine (Kennedy) Hiland. Tiie father died when William Henry was a mere in- fant, and he knows but very little concern- ing his history. His mother married again in the city of Dublin, Ireland, and she died in Brooklyn, New York, about 1871. Our subject has a half brother in Dulilin, who follows ship-carpentering. Mr. Hiland came to this country early, and was in Wisconsin before it was admitted into the ITnion as a State. He there lived with an uncle until he was thirty yeai's old. He spent the time at work and going to the common schools in Rock county of that State, until he was about twenty-one ^-ears of age. He succeeded in gaining a good common education, of the practical sort. He remained in Wisconsin until 1855, then came to Winnebago count}^ Minnesota, where he remained for about nine years, following farming for the most part of the time. He was married in 1856, to Miss Catharine Ryan, born in Ireland. They were married in Rockford, Illinois, living there seven years in a hotel and eating-house, then came, as once stated, to Minnesota, and from that sr/tP'/iAS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. ■\<-") State removed to St. Croix, "Wisconsin, near Stillwater. There they lived for six or seven yeais on a farm. They again made a move, this time going to the county in which we now find our subject living. Here he took a homestead of 12, ITodges town- ship, where he has since carried on success- ful farming, both in grain and stock.growing. Our sul)ject and his estimable wife are blessed with five boj's ami one girl — Rfary A., now Mrs. William Jackman, of Dakota; William 11., married and living in Stillwater, ^Minnesota; John E., singleand living at Hud- son, Wisconsin; Lucius E., single and living at St. Paul, Minnesota; George G. and James ¥., who are still at home with their jiarents. In his political belief, Mr. Hihind is a dem- ocrat. He belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected to the office of townsiiip assessor, in ]SS7, and is a leading and representative man of l\roore township. — «-; -^^ [OHN C. CAMPBELL, the present lessee (»f the Minnesota Agricultuial Com- pany's farm, on sections, Darneii township, is by birth a Canadian, born at Ontario, January 18, 1848. His parents were Donald and Jenett (Cameron) Campbell, both na- tives of Scotland. They came to Canada, when J'oung — long before marriage. After their union ihey settled in Wellington county, Ontario, where the father died in 1SC9. John C. remained with the family until after his father's death and then moved to ^finneapolis, Minnesota, where he was man- ager of the W. S. King farm, near the city of Minneapolis, for two years, and then engaged with Farnsworth «fc Newcotnb and came to Hancock, Stevens county, to take chai-ge of their extensive stock-fann. After one year with them he leased a 1,300-acre farm, in llorton township, which lie operated four years, and then leased tin; i[innesota Agri- cultural Company's farm, consisting of four sections, which he still has control of. He is extensively engaged in Short-horn stock- raising, and also cultivates 1,200 acres of land. This is one of the finest stock and grain farms in all the great and gi-owing Northwest, having an abundance of pure water, excellent pastui'age and all that goes toward making up a successful fai'm. Mr. Campbell is a member of the Stevens County Agricultural Society. In 1887 he drew thirty-two prizes, for full-blood and grade Short-horn cattle and draft horses, at the September fair. Like all men of good judgment he chose him one of the best of wives, a Miss Jane Donivan, to whom he was married in 1875. Mrs. Campbell was also fi'om Ontario. They have one child to brighten their home circle — Daniel J. •«-J€5^-*-^ WILLIAM WUNSCH, of the village of Morris, is one of the old settlers of Stevens county, coming here on the -Ith of July, 1870. He walked to this point on that day from Benson, and the next day jmrchased the old Job Smith place, now oc- cupied by Lewis Perkins, in the town of Morris. At that time there were but six families living west of the Pomme de Terre Piver. On the 2ith of October he settled on his farm, and remained there until the fall of 1876, when he disposed of it, and, re- nmving to the village, opened the saloon which he had bought the previous April, and where he has since carried on business. In 1878 he purchased the Joseph Koe farm, anil since then has bought other land, so that h(> now owns a fine place of 270 acres adjoin- 470 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. ino; the village, which he carries on also. In Februar}' he Ijought the fc^tanton residence, one of the finest in the village, and is rated as one of the most prosperous and substantial citizens of the place. Mr. Wunsch is a native of Germany, and ■ was born October 6, 184rO. At the age of thir- teen vears he came to the United States with relatives, but since his fourteenth year has depended entirely on his ow^n resources and taken care of himself. On the 17th of Octo- ber, ISt'iO, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, and served on board of vari- ous vessels in the North Atlantic and West India fleets. He was on board of the " Ro- anoke" at Hampton Roads, at the time of tiie naval duel between the Monitor andMer- riniac, at the bombardment of Charleston, South Carolina, and one of the crew of the gunboat " Nepsic,'' at Fort Wagner. After receiving his dischai'ge from the naval serv- ice he enlisted in the United States Vete- ran Reserve Volunteer Corps, under General W. S. Hancock ; was made sergeant, and served one year, being discharged at Fort Snelling, in February, 1866. Having a taste for army life he i-e-enlisted in the Thirty- first United States Infantiy, and served with that regiment for three 3'ears, during which time that and the Twenty-second Infantry were consolidated under the latter number. After a service at Forts Buford and Steven- son, he was finally discharged in February, 1870, and in the following July came to Stevens county. Mr. Wunsch was united in marriage, Janu- ary 25,1866, with Miss Mary Ryley, while he was a member of Hancock's A'eteran Corps, and by this union is the parent of seven cliil- dren — Albert, Mary, Laura, William, Charles, Bertha and Edmund. Mr. Wunsch has most excellent buildings on his farm, and a line grove of trees that covers about four acres. It is one of the best places in the county. fDHN J. CARNEY, who is carrying on a meat market at Morris, is a native of Upper Canada, born at Renfrew, Renfrew county, January 29, 1864, and is a son of James and Judith Carney. His father, James Carney, was a native of Ireland, where his (James') parents still live. James Carney went to Scotland when he was onl}' ten years of age, and was educated there under a priest's supervision. When he was about twenty years of age he came to America, and for some time worked in various portions of Canada, finally settling in Renfrew county, where he was married and remained for about twenty j'ears. His wife (John's moth- er) was born in that county, and died there when thirty-eight years of age. Her people were natives of Ireland, but immigrated to Canada at an early day, and were among the earliest settlers of Renfrew county. They cleared a valuable farm of over 200 acres there and made excellent improvements. James Carney continued his residence in Can- adauntil 1879, when became with his family to the United States, and to Morris, Minne- sota, where the father of our subject opened a boot and shoe shop. At the same time be bought a farm in Big Stone county, on which the family resided. He carried on the business here until the spring of 1888, when he i-emoved to liis farm, where he now lives. John J. Carney, whose name heads this article, remained with his parents until he had attained the age of fifteen 3'ears, and then started out to earn his own living and to battle on his own account. He was first employed at various occupations in the vil- lage of Morris, but in the spring of 1881 commenced work in a butcher shoji, and was engaged as an assistant in that business for six 3'ears. In June, 1887, he established his present stand, and has carried it on ever since, with excellent success. His close attention to the wants of his patrons, and STEVEXS COUNTY, iV/iVNESOT.-l. AT- liis accommodating mannei's have won him hosts of friends, and he is enjoying a large and ever increasing trade. ilr. Carney was united in marriage, Octo- ber 12. 1SS(). witli ]\[iss Eosie Kopitzky, a native of Lalce county, Indiana, and the daughter of Jolin Kopitzlvy ami wife, natives of Germany. Mr. Cai-ney is a member of INforris Divi- sion, No. 1, Ancient Order Hibernians, and an active worker in the order. Iffil^ILLlAM L. COLYER, court commis- M-M- sioncT of Stevens County, and booic- keeper for Joim T). Good, the hardware dealer of ]\Iorris, is a native of Waukcsiia county, Wisconsin, and was born July 8, 1845. His parents, Lambert and Martha (Cunningiiam) Colyer, were born in the State of New York, and came to Wisconsin in 1840, and lived in Milwaukee until 1842, when they removed to the place in Waukesha county taken up when they first came to the Territory. While in Milwaukee, Mr. Lambert Colyer was engaged in hauling supplies to the Mineral Point lead mines, and hauling ore back to the lake. For thirty-eight years, the latter resided on his farm, tmt is now living in retirement in the village of Eagle, in tiie same county, where his wife died in 1881. The suliject of this memoir was the second in a family of eight children, and was reai-ed on the parental farm, and there remained until August, 1804, when he enlisted in Com- jiany A, Twenty-eighth AVisconsin Infantry, and wi\s transferred to the command of Gen- eral Steele, at Little liock, Arkansas, where he sjjent the winter. lie was with the ex- pedition under that officer, that endeavored to draw the rebel forces from the ill-fated lied River ex])edition,and was overwhelmed and driven back to the capital of Arkansas. In January, 1865, the regiment to which he belonged was transferred to New Orleans, and placed in the Thirteenth Army Corps, under General Gordon S. Granger, and proceeded to Mobile Bay. They arrived before Spanish Fort and Fort Biakely on the 27th of March, and participated in the siege of those two places until their surrender, A])ril 9. and captured about 10,000 of the enemy after a severe contest. After this they marched through Mobih\ and met the enemy about five miles from that city. The command then marched some sixty miles up the Tom- bigbee River, and captured the rebel fleet, consisting of the ram Morjj-an, twentv-one transports and two blockade runners. Re- turning to Mobile on board of the steamer Sumter, Mr. Colyer confiscated a razor and strop, and has kept tiiem as relics of war times to this day. He reached Mobile on the 10th of May, where the regiment went into camp. On the 31st of the same month they were ordered to Brazos, Santiago, Texas, on the Mexican frontier, where they arrived on the steamer Continental, June 10, 1865. Fi'oni there they marched to Clai'ksville, on the Rio Grande, and there went into camp. July 21, they were removed to Brownsville, and in the latter part of August were ordered home, and were taken on transports to New Orleans, and then by steamboats up tlie river. Mr. Colyer was dischai'ged Sep- tember 15, 1865, and went to Pierce county, Wisconsin, where he taught school that win- ; ter. After spending some time at home, the following summer he went to Marshalltown, Iowa, where he was with an uncle in the lumber business. In the fall of the same year, he removed *to Clinton, Iowa, ant! en- tered the employ of Chauncey Lamb it Son, lumber and flour dealers, but was taken sick in l)ece7nl)er, and was removed to his old home by his fatiier. In the spring of 1867. he went to Pierce county, and worked on a farm, but that winter taught the same school 472 STEVEA'S COUiVTV, MEXNESOTA. that he had taught two years previous. He then bought a farm, and was occupied in running that and in teaching until 1871, when he engaged in the mercantile and grain trade. This latter business he carried on for live years, and in the winter of 1875-76, went to England to settle an estate. In 1879, retiring from the business he was engaged in, he came to Morris, and filed a soldier's homestead on a part of section 20, of tiie town of Darnen, which he still owns. lie moved his family to the farm, in October of that year, and they remained there until 1885, wljen they came to Morris. July 1, 1870, ilr. Colyer entered the emjjloy of J. U. Good, and has been with him ever since. He is one of the most capable business men ill the village, and is highl}- esteemed as an exemplary citizen. Mr. Colyer was married, Feljruary 3, 1868, to Miss Rebecca L. Reive, one of his pupils, and the\' are the parents of five children — Martha L. (now Mrs. George Maughan), William L., Rebecca F., Mary B. and Robert G. Our subject is a member of Golden Slieaf Lodge, No. 133, A.. F. and A. M.; Mt. Lebanon Chapter, No. 47, R. A. M.; Bethel Cominandery, No. 19, and Overton Post, No. 99, Grand Army of the Republic. 2|OHN S. JUDD, a higidy respected farmer, ^ who lives oil section 14, Morris town- siiip, Stevens county, was born Aue-ust 29, 1837, at Pier Point, St. Lawrence county. New York. He is a son of iliciiael I), anil Bilence T. (Leonard) Judd, natives of the same State. John went to school and worked on tlie farm, as most farmer boys have done, until he reached the age of twenty-one j^ears. He then farmed himself untd he enlisted, August 25, 1864, in Company A, Fiftieth New York Engineer Corps, serving until July 1, 1865. At the close of the war he en- gaged in farming again, following the same until 1872, when he homesteaded the place he now occupies. It is a quarter section, and is all well subdued and improved. His whole farm, however, is 320 acres, a part added since. Mr. Judtl was married to Harriett E. Towner, December 24, 1859. Their chil- dren, six in number, are — Ilattie L. (de- ceased). Converse C. (deceased), Retta M., Arthui' J., George W.,and Clarence R. The family are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. In politics ilr. Judd is a republican. He has a fine farm, and his improvements reflect much credit upon his enterprise and thrift. He is regarded as one of the most successful and substantial farmers and stock-raisers of the township. -?►► -«" /^HARLES GRASSMAN, a respected and ^^^ prominent farmer of Stevens county, is a resident of section 22, Synnes township. He was born in Prussia, April 6, 1847. His parents, from good old German stock, were named AYilliam and Wilhemena (Grosmick) Grassman. The mother died, aged seventy- two years, in 1886. The family came to America in 1873, living at Stillwater, Min- nesota, and from there went to Red AVing, remaining six years at the latter named place. From there he came to Stevens county, where he took a quarter section of land, and I'emained on the same for ten vears. The family comjirised five children — Augusta, Charles, Gustaf, Albert and Anna. One is deceased. Our subject, Charles, spent his school days, which are truly the best of any boy's life, at Grifenberg, Germany. He left school at the age of fourteen years, after which he learned the shoemakers trade, at which he woi'kcd more or less, until eleven years ago. In ST/-:VF,\'S COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 473 1807 he enlisted in the German Army, serving four years during tlie Franco-Prus- sian War. lie came to^this country in 1S72, landing in July, at New York City, having been two weeks on the ocean. After a few days' stay in New York, he came to St. Paul, Minnesota, and lived with his father's family, at Red Wing and Stillwater, working at his trade some of the time, lie finally came to his present location, in Stevens county, lie now owns a half section of land, on sections 22 and 27 of Synnos townsiiip, and is an extensive, successful farmer and livo-stock raiser and dealer. He built the second iiouse in iiislownsliip, and was among tlie pioneer hand, who first tilled the soil of these wild i)rairies. ^[r. Grassman was united in marriage in July, 1871, to Miss Willremena Kreger, native of Germany, and the daughter of a large shi])per. She came to America alone. They have two children — Louisa and Emma, both at home at this writing. Mr. Grass- man is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and in his political creed is a lirm believer in tiie theory that this country must soon come to practice placing gooil men in power, regardless of party lines. Our subject is independent in all he does, lie has taken a deep interest in local matters connecteil witli his township and county, and has iield the office of justice of the i)eace. He may justly be said to be a man of more than common impoi'tance and sti-engtii in his public and private life and chai'acter, both as a neighbor and an exemjilary citizen. JTOHN C. O'BRYAN. the proprietor of the ^ Farmers" Hotel, Mori'is. was born in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 27, 18-12. When he was but two years of age his parents renioveil to Ai-mstrong county, in the SHue State, and settled on a farm, where our subject was reared until he was sixteen years of age, when he com- menced life for himself. He went to Frank- lin, Venango county, in his native State, and was employed in a machine shop there until Jul_y, 1861, when he enlisted in Company E, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served with that regiment untd July 1, 1865. He participated in all of tiie engagements in front of Richmond, and in the Shenandoah Valley. In the battle of the Peninsula campaign, Antietam, South Mountain, Frede- ricksburg, ('edar Ci'eek, Gettysbui-g, Peters- burg and Aj)})omatox, he was present and did his duty. Receiving his discharge at Lynch- burg, he went to Reynoldsville, Pennsylva- nia, where he went to woik in a saw mill, but in the following year moved to Minne- sota and located at Cannon Falls, (toodhue count}'. There he engaged in farming for a year, after which he I'emoved to Rochestei', this State, and a year later to Winona. Two years he spent in the last named city, and then went to Hudson, Wisconsin, and there was engaged at the carjjenter's trade until the fall of 1878, when he came to Stevens county. He located in the village of Morris and ran a dray for two years, and then moved to a claim that he had taken in the town of Stevens, and there engaged in farming. After living on the place for two years lie took up a homestead in the same township, and there made his resiMIaN1BAL HAMLIN ELLSWORTH, one J/*^ of Stevens countv's thoroufrha-oino- farmers, living on section 28 of Rendsville township, is a native of Salem, Franklin county, Maine, and was born July 24, 1849. His parents were Jeremiah D. and Martha N. Ellsworth, who were farmers in Maine. They gave their son a good common school education, and also two terms in the Hitrh School at Strong, Maine. After our subject was about twelve years old he worked on his father's farm in Maine until the fall of 1865, when the family came West, settling at Waterloo, Iowa. They remained in the town the first winter. The father owned a section of land in that neighborhood, and he built a house and improved tlie land. Our subject remained tliere until June, 1873. and then pusiied out for himself, going to lltica, Winona county, Minnesota, where he worked for three seasons. In the fall of 1875. he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and took a homestead of eighty acres on section 28, Keiulsville township. He then returned to Iowa via Winona county, Minnesota, and on March 20, 1876, he was married to Julia Anna Henson, daughter of WilUam and Matilda (Ayres) Henson, of Apple Eiver, Illi- nois. She was born December 10, 1852. Her father died when she was a mere child. After our subject married he returned to Stevens countv, renting a farm near Morris, settling on his homestead finally, and there still remains, the possessor of a fine home. He has since added to his farm, now having a quarter section of choice land, all in the same section. Two children bless the home circle of our subject and his wife. They are both in school now — Jessie May, born May 1, 1877, and George William,' March 12. 188L Mr. Ells- worth is a public-spirited man, having been supervisor and chairman of the board most of the time since residing in Rendsville town- ship, lie also takes deep interest in school matters, and has served as one of the direct- ors. He belongs to the Free Will Baptist Church, and is a strong prohibitionist. ^SjIi^IMOTHY MURPHY, manager of the MI lumber yard of John D. Good, at T.Iorris, is a native of County Cork, Ireland, and was born August 15, 1843. At the age of twenty years he came to America in search of the fortune denied him in the op- pressed land of his birth, and landing at the city of Boston, Massachusetts, was employed there for some nine years. He first came to Minnesota for the purpose of visiting his brother, but, being favoral)ly impressed with the country, he decided to make tiiis his fu- ture home. This was in 1873. He took up a tree claim of 160 acres in the town of Darnen, but remained in the village of Mor- ris. In 1878 he entered the employ of Mr. Good, and has been witii him ever since. In 1887 he took charge of the lumber yard be- longing to that gentleman, and is in that sT/:r/:xs county, Minnesota. 475 position at the present wi-iting. He still owns the farm in Darnen town, and has some sixt3'-five acres improved, and has planted seventeen acres with lo,oOO trees. Up to 1882 Mr. ]\[iiri)liy made his home with his brother, who owns a farm adjoining- his, and when the school district was organ- ized, in 1878, he taught the first term in that part of the county. lie has been one of the board of education for many years, and was the town treasurer of Darnen until his re- moval to Morris, some three or four yeai-s ao'o. He is the owner of a beautiful home in the village, and is prospering in a finan- cial sense, as he deserves. He is a membei' of ilorris Division, 2so. 1, A. O. II., of which he has been treasurer for three years, and is now the recording secretary. November 1, 1882, Mr. Murphy and Miss Annie Feeley were united in the bonds of marriage, and by this union there have been born fourchihlren — Mary J., Daniel P., An- nie and i\Iargaret. The family are exemp- lary members of the Catholic Church. In pi)litical matters, Mr. Murphy affiliates with the democratic party. He is a capable and thorough business man, and is highly esteemed as an exemplary citizen. l^lg^ACHLAN R. Macintosh, a prosper- &^ ousand well-to-do farmer residing on section 28, Eldorado township, is a native of Scotland. He was born in the county of Banff, Scotland, October 17, 1855, and is the son of .Eneas and Isabclle (McPherson) Macintosh, both of whom were also natives of Scotland. Tiie father was game-keeper in one of the many large districts set apart for the pastime of hunting that are to be found in that country. Our subject remained at home, going to school until he was fourteen years old, when he went to Elgin and Glasgow, where he was engaged in an office for some time, and then was the attendant of a wealthy jjcrsonage for three years. He then came to the United States and settled in St. Paul, Min- nesota, where he worked fortwo\'ears in the St. Paul Harvester "Works. In tlie spring of 1878 he moved to Stevens county, ilinne- sota, and took a homestead of IGO acres on section 28, Eldorado township, where he has remained ever since. lie also took a tree claim on the same section, but not hav- ing very good success with the trees, he per- suaded his beti'othed, Jliss Jessie Hose, to fde on the claim as a homestead. She is the daugh- ter of Dougald and ^largaret (Calder)I{ose, who were natives of Scotland, and was boin May 28, 1858. Her parents are living in Scot- land. She came to the United States in 1881, and came to Herman, Minnesota, and commenced teaching school, and has taught more or less ever since. Miss Rose was married to our subject Jidy 11, 1884. They are exemplary members of the Methodist Church. Mr. ^laclntosh is a man of the utmost integrity and honor. He has always taken an active interest in all ]iublic matters, and has held the offices of justice of the peace, town clerk, school treas- urer and school clerk. In [)olitical mattci's he is a Prohibitionist, both in precept and practice. 7^\ ARK RINGROSE forms the special ^^\jLraL. subject of this sketch. He is one of the many highly intelligent and very suc- cessful farmers of Stevens county who have come to a new country and made for them- selves beautiful and valuable homes. His place IS situated on section 24, of Hodges township, and is mdeed a credit to its owner. By birth our subject is an Englishman, born in famous old Yorkshire, of that coun- try, August 12, 184G. His parents were 476 STEVFNS COl/.VTY, MINNESOTA. William and Esther (Ward) Ring-rose. The father and mother were also natives of Eng- land. Tliey were married in Englantl and came to tids country in 1S52. They settled in Oneida county, New York, where they engaged in farming. They lived there the remainder of theii' davs. TJiev belonired to the Episcopal Cliurch, and were exemplary Cliristians. They reared a family of eight cliildi'en — five sons and tiiree daughters, named as follows — Thomas, Christopher, William, Mathew. Hannah, Mark, Esther and Christine. Mark, of whom this sketch treats, attend- ed the schools of Oneida county, New York, until he attained the age of twenty years ; graduating from an academic course, at that age. From his studies at the academj^, he en<>af;ed in farm life for a time. His next move in life was to eng-age in the lumbering business in ]\Iille Lacs, Minnesota, where lie remained eight years and then removed to Stevens county, where he now resides. At first, he took a tree claim of IGO acres, to which he has since added eighty acres, mak- ing him a farm containing 240 acres, upon which he does general farm and stock-raising Inisiness. He handles fine and graded stock, and lias been very successful in this special branch of his labor. December 26, 1875, marked another im- portant era in his history, for it was that date, he married Miss E. C. Taylor, a native of New Brunswick, the daughter of George W. Taylor, a farmer. She was the second child in her jiarents' family, and was educated in Minnesota. This worthy couple have been blessed with four intelligent children — Amy Maud, Roy Edgar, Cora Alice, and William Niel. They are all alive and still at home — the oldest being eleven years of age. Mr. Ringrose is a republican in politics, however, of tlie independent kind. He has been lionored by the election to numerous offices, including tliat of township supervisor, assessor and kindred positions. He is a wor- thy and acceptable bi'other in the IMasonic fraternity, and is one of tliose even-tempered men, with whom it is a pleasure to become associated in either a social or business capac- ity. PEDER O. THORSTAD, the su])ject of this biography , is a pi'ominent and successful agriculturist of Swan Lake town- ship, residing on section 32. He is a native of Norway, born in Hedemaker, Norwa}', on tlie 5th of April, 1835, and is the son of Ole and Anna (Peterson) Thorstad, who are also natives of that land. The mother died wlien Peder was but six years old. Peder remained at home, going to school in winter and working on the home farm in his vaca- tions, until he was tw'enty years of age. He then commenced contracting and !)uilding, which occupation he followed for a period of ten years. In 1SC5 he came to America, and, after a, stormy voyage of seven weeks and two tlays, lie landed in Quebec, Canada, moving direct to Vernon county, Wisconsin, where he built a wagon shop, and engaged in the wagon-making trade for the next six years. He then sold out, and for the next twelve months his attention was taken up with the mercantile business, cai'rying a full line of groceries, etc. In 1872 he moved to Stevens county, and after a month's sojoui'n at Johnson's Mill, in June, 1872, he took a homestead and tree claim of 80 acres each in Swan Lake township, on section 32. Later he changed his tree claim to an addition homestead, and has since made his residence there. He now has one of the best improved farms in his township, and the finest resi- dence dwelling in his section of country. His farm comprises 280 acres. Mr. Tiiorstad was married in June, 1862, to Miss Christine O. Hokness, daughter of STEVFNS COUMTY, MINNESOTA. 477 Ole and Martha Ilokness. This union has been l)lesse(l witli tlie following children — Ole and Olaus (twins), Menna. Betsey, Albert (deceasedX Clara (deceased). Clara (deceased), Albert, Mary and Matilda. Our subject is a man of the utmost integrity and honor, highly esteemed by all wiio know him, and identifies himself witii all public or educa- tionnl iii()V(>ments wlierel)y his town or county may be benefited. In political mat- ters lie is an adherent to the principles of the repulilican party. lie has held numerous offices in his township, including supervisor for eight years, township treasurer, and sciiool treasurer. lie and his family are exemplary members of the Lutheran Church. i^pHARLES W. BROWN, a ])rominent and ^^^ leading farmer of tiie town of Potsdam, living on section 34, was born in Blackbrook, Clinton county, New York, July 10, 1851, and is a son of Daniel C. and Lucy A. (Woolf) Brown, natives of that part of the " Empire State." During the late Civil "War the father of our subject enlisted in Company B, One- Ihmdred-and-Eighteenth Kew York In- fantry, in 1863. He participated in several engagements and was taken jirisonor by the rebels on the 1st of September, 1804. lie was sent, like so nuiny of our soldiers, to the horril)le ])rison-pen at Andei-sonville, and aftei' enduring liardslii])s and ])rivations un- do) a l)''utal governor and a ruthless guard, without slielt(M-or suHicient food, often with- out water, in filth and dii-t, he laid down his life, another sacrifice on tJie altar of his country. His widow nuirried a second time and came to Minnesota, and settled in Todd county. The sui)ject of this sketch, Charles "W. Brown, was a resident of his native State until 1S70, when he, also, immigrated to this State and located in Todd county, wiiere he was employed in teaming until 1882. In the latter year he removed to Dakota and en- gaged in breaking the prairie sod for one summer, after which he went to Minneapolis, where he followed teaming until 1885. In the last named year he came to Stevens county and rented the farm where he now lives, and which he bought in 1887. He owns a nice place of 160 acres, and is a model farmer in neatness and industry. Mr. Brown was united in marriage. July 15, 1875, with Miss Kate E. Werner, and by this union thej^ are the parents of five chil- dren — Lewis L., Lucy A., Eva E.. Josephine and Walter C, all of whom are living ex- cept Josephine, who died August 7, 1884. In his politics our subject is a democrat, and is a leadmg citizen of the community in which he lives. TIjg^EWIS H. STANTON, who lives on " Oak 1^^ Grove Farm," on section 22, Morris township, Stevens county, was born January 12, 1860, at Washington, District of Colum- bia. He is a son of Hon. Edwin M. Stan- ton, who was Presitlent Lincoln's Secretary of War, in the days of our rebellion. His mother was Ellen H. (Hutchinson) Stanton, wiiose parents were from Kentucky. She was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Lewis H. spent the most of his time in school, up to 1878, leaving Princeton College in his sophomore year. He came to the Northwest for the benefit of his health, and went back and forth several times before he settled. He intended to edu- cate iiimself for a lawyer, but was compelled to abandon the thought of a i)rofession, be- cause of frail health. In 1881 he built in Morris, and became one of the firm of D. II. Sutherland & Company, whicji connection he held until 1884. During 1882 he started the 47S STEl'EA'S COUNTY, MINXESOTA. improvement of 600 acres of land, now " Oak Grove farm," and moved to the same in 188"), wliere he lias made his home since. lie is extensively engaged in stock-raising. Ml'. Stanton was married to Adele C. Townsend. of New Orleans, April 19, 1881. His wife's parents were natives of New York. Tlieir home is blessed by the pres- ence of three children — Edwin M. (named after his grandfather), Cora V. and Gid- eon T. In his political belief Mr. Stanton is a re- publican. It is liardiy necessary to add a word concerning the ciiaracter of our sub- ject, after iiaving first introduced him as a S071 of so distinguished a man as Edwin M. Stanton. '^Ajj|-HOMAS C. COLAHAN, the proprietor X of the St. Paul House, in the village of Morris, is a native of Ireland, born about the year 1836. He lived in the land of his birtji until lie was ten or eleven v'ears of age, and then came with his parents to the United States, landing at tlie port of New York. After remaining in that city for a short time tlie family moved to Pottsville, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, whei-e Tiionuis grew to numhood. He ad()])ted the business of coal mining, for that is the main trade in that ]iart of the country, and fol- lowed it until April, 1861, when, in reponse to the Hrst call for troops to suppress the rebellion, he volunteered in Company G, Sixth Pennsylvaniii Infantry, for ninety days. With his regiment he went to Harris- burg, and tliere served out his time. He received his discharge on the 26th of July, and returned to Pottsville and his old employment. December 19, 1861, having seen no active service when in the army, lie re-enlisted in Company L, Fifth Penns^ylvania Artillery. They were ordered to Harris- burg and there remained some six months, after which they were quartered in Balti- more, Maryland, to keep down the rough element there. From there they were trans- ferred to Harper's Feri-y and the Shenan- doah Valley, and participated in several of the engagements in the latter. Our subject was taken prisoner at the battle of "Win- chester, June 30, 1863, and sent to the rebel prison pen at Belle Isle, near Kichmond, Virginia, and there kept for two months. At the end of that time he was sent to Indianapolis and exchanged and ordered to rejoin his i-egiment at Washing- ton. He, with that gallant body of men, were, shortly afterwards, transferred to the Shenandoah Valley, and there participated in many of the conflicts that swept over that jjortion of our country. Tliroughout all the closing scenes of the war he was with his regiment, and when the hostilities had ceased, was one of our country's defenders tliat took part in that might\' review at Washington, when hundreds of thousands of heroes marched in review before their com- mander and their grateful countrymen. On receiving his discharge in June, 1865, Mr. Colahan came West and ran a l^oarding house at Hudson, Wisconsin, for a time, and then bought a farm in the vicinity of that village in Erin Prairie township, St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where he carried on farming for eight years. In April, 1876, he sold out there and came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and for a \'ear lived on a rented farm and had his crop destroyed b}' the grasshoppers. In 1877 he opened a saloon in the village of Morris, which he ran for about eighteen months, and then removed to his homestead, which he had filed upon the year previous. One year later he came to Morris and entered into his present busi- ness. Mr. Colahan was married at Pottsville, July 19, 185S, to Miss Mary Riley, and she sr£r£A'S COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 479 was with bim while he was serving with the battery, and was taken a prisoner with him and lieid for several weeks. 15ut very few similar incidents occurred during the war. Our subject is an honored member of Over- ton Post. Xo. 09. Grand Army Tlepublic, and has held tiie office of junior vice-C(jmmaiider for a year. ]\Ir. ;ind Mrs. Colahan have been ])arents of tlie following cliiklren — Mary Ann, Thomas, Michael, Anna, Martin, ^[icliael Joseph, Mar}', Ellen, Jolin Francis, James I'hillip and George. Mary Ann, ^lichael, Michael Josepii, and Ellen are deceased. ■HRISTIAN ZIMMERMAN, an e.K-lTnicm solilier and a survivor of that immoi'tal iind famous regiment — the First Minnesota — IS now a resident of section 34, "Reiulsville township, Stevens county. He is by birtli a German. He is the son of Philip and Eliza- beth (Penhardt) Zimmerman, born Septem- ber 11, 1839. He attended the common German schools, living in town. When six- teen years of age he came to America, landing at New "ifork harbor some time in 1856, after a four weeks' voyage. He ]iroceeded directly to lied AVing, Minne- sota, where he had a brother-in-law living. He worketl on his farm for two \'ears and then followed saw-mill work. On Ajiril 29. 18<;i, he enlisted in Company K. First ^'olunteer Infantry, under Captain Lester. 1 le served under the name of Samuel Smith, siiaring all the vicissitudes of the glorious old IMiiinesota First. Onlj' forty- seven nu'n came out of the battle of Gettys- burg, without l)eing hit b\' some shot oi- shell. After his lirst term of enlistment had expired, lie re-enlisted under his own true name and serveil during the remainder of the war. He was mustered out in Ken- tucky and discharged and paid olf at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. After his army serv- ice he worked in the saw-mills at Red Wing, Minnesota, until 1876. He was married April 21, 1867. to Katherine Roth, a native of Germany. In 1876, he moved to Stevens county, taking up the homestead he now lives upon. The first crop he raised was nearly all destroyed l)y grasshoppers, but he stuck to the farm and now is well situated. The family consists of eleven cliiklren — George, Christian, Philip (deceased), Matilda, Charles, AVilliam, Fi-ed, Penjnmin. Henry, Francis and Albert. Our subject and his family are Lutherans by religious belief, ;iiul lie is a rei)uijlican in politics. His army experience was full of thrilling adventures and ex])loits. He had his right thumb shot off, and also received a severe sabre cut from one of the jJlack Horse Cavalry, at the first battle of Bull Run. At another time he was cruslied, badly, between the wheels of an army train wagon. For many years he drew a pension of only two dollars per month, from the Government, but finally it has been increased to four dollars per month. -«-; «^^^ piCOB CHRISTIANSEN, farmer and liquor dealei-, of the village of Morris, was born in Christiania, Norway, January 1, 1834. At the age of fifteen he started out in the world for himself, and with tiie inten- tion of making liis own fortune. He went to Denmark to work and remained tiiere two years, ijeingwith the English cnntraelor who built the railroad thri)Ugh Denmark, and with the engineers on the grade. Ro- turning to his native land, he spent a couple of years in putting up saw mill madnnery after which he shipped on board of a vessel as a sailor and followed a seafaring life for the next eight years. Several times he came to ports on our coast, and in 1861 he deter- 48o stevfjvs coc.vrv. mjxnesota. mined to come to America, and on doing so settled at Milbm-n, Canada, where he hved one 3^ear, ami then removed to the United States. He was in Chicago for a short time, and then went to grading on the Northwest- ern Eailroad. After that he located in Waujmn, "Wisconsin, and followed lumbering for two years. Then, taking charge of a gang of men as foreman, he put up the tele- grapii line from Rochester to AVinona, in this State, and came to Minnesota, perma- nently, in the spring of 1865, locating in St. Paul. He woi'ked in the yard of the St. Paul vt Pacific Railroad Company as switch- man for one year, and in 1866 was a))[)ointed emigration agent by that corporation and served in that position until 1876. The subject of this memoir came to Mor- ris in 1876, and established a hnnber yard and a clothing store, and carried on these lines for about a 3'ear. In 1877 he opened a boarding house and saloon and for several years carried them on in conjunction, but finally gave up the boanling part. In 1879 lie took up a tree claim in the town of Scott, wiiich he now cultivates, and in 1SS2 he pur- chased another farm in Framnas township, which he also manages. Both of these phices have good improvements and are ex- cellent farms. Mr. Christiansen wsis married in lh70 to l\[iss Raudena Jolinson Falk, a native of Helgoland, Norway, wlio came to tliis coun- trv in 1869. -■^-f^^-^- m IaENRY D. MOORE, who at the pre.sent tune iias charge of "Oak Gi'ove Stock Farm," in Moi-ris township, Stevens county, was Ijorn December 9, 1S51, at Si)ringfield, Massachusetts. His parents were Jei'omeD. antl Emily B. (Meadj Moore. At the age of four years, our subject, with his parents, left the place of his birth and moved to Potsdam village, St. Lawrence county, New York, where the\' lived on a farm about two miles from the village. In 1882 Henr\- D. Moore came to Morris, Minnesota, and worked with a threshing machine for a few weeks, and from there went to Holmes City and found employment in a saw mill. He remained there only a short time, and then took gen- eral charge of the Oak Grove Stock Farm. He owns S(»0 acres on section 2, Morris township. Mr. Moore was married, January 1, 1870 to Mar}' A. Hackett, b\' whom one child has been born — Nellie. Politically, Mr. Moore is a republican. He is a man of integrity, and stands well in the county. He has a fine property arouml him. "*■► ..^^ AMES MILAN, who is now a farmer of ^ section 9, Moore township, Stevens county, was born at Schrewsberry, A^er- mont, March 20, 1850. His parents were Martin and Bridgett (Hogan) Milan, natives of Ireland, who after their marriage came to this country, landing at Castle Garden, New York, some time in 1842. They lived in Vermont until 1855, then moved to Water- town, Wisconsin, where they remained for four years. They next went to Buffalo count\', of that State, and lived there for twenty-seven years. The father died at the last named place, August 1-1, 1885. The mother remained there two years, and then went to St. Paul, wliei-e she now lives, at the age of seventy-seven years. She is a devoted member of the Roman Catliolic Church. During his life, her husbaiui, father of our subject, followed farming and dealing in cat- tle, jobbing, etc. They reared a family of seven sons — John, Alexander, Martin, Wil- liam, Thomas, James and Lawrence. Tlie last named and his brother Mai'tin are now dead. Martin was a married man, and lived .S/7,;v;.\.s- COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 481 at Buffalo, Wisconsin, where he carried on farming and jobl)ing in horses. He left a faniil\' of six children- — John, Elizebeth, Catharine, "William, Adelia and James. The last mentioned is deceased, and the remainder are yet unmarried. The mother of these children married for her second luisband Ciiarles Keiger. Lawrence was a single man, and died in the State of "Wisconsin. He was president of tiio St. Patrick's Total Abstinence So- ciety where he lived. He was born in Dodge county, "Wisconsin, and lived to the age of twenty-live years. He was a man of more than common ability, and was within a few months of being ordained as a minister, when he was called from earth. Our subject spent his youthful days in the common country school in "Waumandee, "Wis- consin, leaving the same when he was about fifteen years of age, having obtained a good common education. He then engaged in the lumbering business at Eau Claire, "Wisconsin, continuing in that line for seven years, after which he went to farming, continuing five years. After that he moved to Stevens county, Minnesota, where he has since lived. He took a homestead of 160 acres in Horton townslii|), living on the same for about seven years. He then traded that place for the farm lie is now living on in Moore township, section 9. His present place has 120 acres. He carries on general farming and also raises considei'al)le stock. There was a time when it was supposed that ^'orthern Aliimesota was nut adajited to stock-raising, but that day has louii' since passed, for no finer stock can Vie founil in the countiy than tiiat produced in this State. It has come to be the most common and profitable branch of farm in- dustry. Our worthy subject was married January lo, 1S76, at Waumandee, Wisconsin, to Miss Ann McQuiilen, wlio is a native of Wiscon- sin, and the daughter of Hugh McQuiilen a heavy farmer and stock grower. Mrs. Mi- lan is the 3'oungest of four children in her father's family— ]\[ary, Margaret, Joiin and Ann. Margaret and Mary are both dead ; also the father and mother ; the latter died February 2, 1881, and the former in April, 1887. They were both meniliers of the Iloman Catholic Church. Our subject and his wife are the jiarcnts of six children — Agnes, Lawrence, Emma, Arthur, Laura (deceased), and ^^ary. ^Mr. ]\nian believes in the ]irinciples of the demo- cratic party, and generally votes that ticket. Lfe was elected clei'k of Horton township in 1S79, holding the office one term. The next two \'ears he was the treasurer of the town- ship ; also has been clerk of school district Xo. 20 for three years and is looked upon as one of the leading men of Horton township. He is at present school director of the district in which he resides. ^S^DWARD H. HOLLMANN, who is en- V^^ gitged in the flour and feed busmess in the village of Morris and is the projirietor of the wood yard, was born in Galena, Jo Daviess count}', Hlinois, in 1851, and is the son of Rev. Charles and Louisa Hoilmann. x\.t the age of eighteen years he entered the German Wallace College, Baldwin Universi- tv, at Bray, Ohio, where he remained for some throe years. After his graduation from tliat institution he studied for one term in a Business College at La Crosse, Wisconsin, and at the age of twenty-three yeai's entered the ministr}^, in the German Melhodi.-^t Chuicii. For two years he fulfilled tiie duties of the position under the supervision of his father in Southern Minnesota, and tiien removed to Belvidere, this State, where he hadcliargeof a cono-reiration and built a church edifice. After two years' residence in tliat jilace, where be did excellent work and met wiili a 482 STEVEXS CO UN 'J- y, MINNESOTA. merited success in the service of the Master, he removed to Tomah, Wisconsin, and there continued to hibor in the vineyard of tlie Lord for about a year, but, his health failing, he was compelled to give up the work in which Ills heart was engao-ed and devote his attention to giving music lessons for over a year. At the expiration of that time he en- tered the emjiloy of tlie N^ational Publisljing Company, and was engaged in the office of that corporation for a time. Deciding to take u{) a farm, he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and filed a claim to a tract of land in the town of Pepperton, and there devoted his attention to agriculture until the fall of 18S7. While on his fai'm he was one of the most active citizens in all that seemed to be for the best interests of the community. He held the office of justice of the peace and town clerk and was an efficient officer. In the autumn of 1SS7 Mr. HoUmann came to Morris and established his ]n'esent business. He is a member of Crystal Lodge, Independ- ent Oi'tler Odd-Fellows, anil the family are exemplary members of the German Method- ist Church. Mr. IloUmann was united in marriage with Miss Mary Koester, of Xorthfield, Kice coun- ty, Minnesota. J^ENRY PELS, who will form the sub- -L^ll. ject of this sketch, was born in Prus- sia, Germany, July 1, ISiO. He is now a farmer of section 20, Moore township, Ste- vens county', Minnesota, and it maj' be irth. who came to this country in 1863. The^' were united in marriage at Princeton, Green .•^TF.r/iA'S COUNTY, MIXyESOTA. 483 Lake county, Wisconsin. Tlicy have five ln'iiilit cliildivn — August. Henry. ]N[innie. .^[;n•tlla. and Emma, all of whom arc yet un- married. Mr. Fels is a republican in his ])olitical belief, and has held various oliiccs, such as school clerk, of district No. 81. He also served as chairman of the board of supervis- ors for iloore township three years, and was a member of the board for four j'ears. He was township clerk for five years, and has generally held some office of public trust. He belongs to the Lutheran church at Fair- Held. Swift county, Minnesota. • • •^i ■jc^y^j;^" *^* • • MANS E. JOHNSON, one of the most jn'ominent citizens of the town of Stevens, is engaged in carr3nng on farming on section 34, where he has some 320 acres of land. He was born in the northern part of Norway, November 1, 1850, and is the son of Hans and Christine Nelson. His father, who was a seafaring man in his younger days, came to the United States and settled in P)ig Stone county, ^linnesota, where he is living at present. The suiiject of this sketch was the fourth in a famih^ of six children born to his parents, the othei-s lieing — Lena, Solva, Ncis, Hannah and Christina. Mr. Johnson was reared in the land of his birth until he had attained the age of four- teen years. The family then crossed the tempestuous Atlantic, in 1867, and after a stormy passage, landed at Quebec, Canada, after being on the water ten weeks. A few days after landing they came to the United States and located at St. Peter, Nicollet county, ^linnesota. Our subject remained in the latter place for some yeai-s, and then re- moved to Lake Lillian, Kandiyohi county, where he resided until. several yeai'slater,when he came to this county and preempted 16(1 acres of land on section 34, Stevens township. He made his home on that piece of land for three or foui- years, and then removed to his present residence, on the baidcs of the lake. His dwelling is a neat and tasty one, and the buildings are surrounded bv a fine srrove that covers fourteen acres. Mr. Johnson was married. May 10, 1876, to Miss Celia Gabriel, a native of Norwav, who had been brought to this country by her parents in her childhood and was reared and educated in the United States. By this union they are the parents of foui- children — Ida, Lorinda, Julia and Henry. Mr. Johnson is independent of any partj' lines in his politics and has filled the office of assessor, was supervisor for two 3^ears, and is, at present, the incumbent of the position of treasurer of the town and of school district No. 30. Pie carried the mail from Artichoke to Ortonville, a distance of 21 miles, for four years, and from Artichoke to Madina, a distance of six miles, since July 1, 1888. f'^it^ Hl'HOMAS McCANNEY, a resident of section 14, Itendsville township, Stev- ens county, is a native of Ireland. His par- ents were James and Madge (Mc(ilinchey) McCanney, of County Tyrone, Ireland. He was born in 1844. His father came to Amer- ica when our subject was a small boy, leaving a younger brother and himself with their grandparents. At the age of seventeen he came to the Lhiited States, landing at Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, after a twenty -eight days' passage on the ocean. Among the in- cidents of his voyage, was the drowning of an old sailor, who dropped from the rigging and was lost. Mr. McCanne\' lived in and around Phila- delphia, engaging himself at the care of honses. He also worked two years in a roll- ing mill and an e(|ual length of time in a 484 STEVENS COUNTV. MINNESOTA. sugar refinery. In 1879 he removed to the county in which he now lives. He married Jane Knox, of Phihulelphia, Pennsylvania, Januar}' 11, 1862. Upon coming to Minne- sota he took up a homestead, as did so many of our now well-to-do farmers. He claimed the quai'ter section upon which he still lives. He has prospered and finally purchased another quarter section, thus making him 320 acres of choice farming land. Mr. and Mrs. McCanney are the parents of six children, three of whom are still liv- ing — James J., born March 27, 1803; Thomas F., born February 28, 1870; and Letitia M. A., born December 11, 187-1. Anna, Jennie and John are deceased. Our subject and his household belong to the Catliolic Church. He is a democrat in his political belief and a publicsjiirited man, having been several times honored with local offices, such as supervisor and school treas- urer of his district. He is one of those men, who is full of ])usli and energy and whom one always finds attending to his own affairs, hence is in a prosperous condition. — .— .^^- yOn. JOHN D. GOOD, a prominent hardware mercliant of the village of Morris,isone of the earliest and most influen- tial settlers of Stevens county. He came here in 1869, at which time there were west of the Pomme de Terre River only four fam- ilies, those of Henry Gager, John Folsom, Warner Brothers and Philip Frisb}', none of whom are now residents in the county. At that time he took up land within a mile of where Morris now stands and opened a farm and tilled the soil until 1871. In January of that vear he removed to the village and opened a lumber yard, hauling his stock some three miles — the I'ailroad not having arrived in the place yet. When he first came to the countv, he luul hauled all his stufi' from Sauk Center, a distance of fifty miles, and put up the fii-st frame house. He found no roads or bridges and was compelled to raft the lumber over the streams and draw the wagon over with a long rope. Mr. Good has carried on his lundjer business ever since he first started it. In 1874 he inaugurated the hardware business, in which he is also still engaged and in 1877 combined with it tlie grocery and furniture trade and carries on all of these different lines. In the fall of 1875 Mr. Good was elected to represent this district in the State Legisla- ture. He has been a member of the village council for several terms and in all educa- tional matters takes a great interest, and is an active and efficient worker. He has a large landed interest in the county, owning some 400 acres in all ; t\vo farms, each of 160 acres, he has under cultivation. Mr. Good was born in Harrisburg, Dauphin county, Pennsj'lvania, Januar}' 31, 1841, and is the son of Christian and Catharine Good. He remained in his native State until 1862, when he came to Minnesota and located in St. Pau],and was employed in the saw-mills there for two years. At the ex])iration of that time he went to the North Star Woolen Mills, where he was foreman for five years, after which he came to Stevens county, as related above. His father was interested in both saw and woolen mills in the " Keystone State," and our subject had a practical knowl- edge of both when he came West. In 1883 the store buildings of Mr. Good were de- stroyed by fire, with a loss over $21,000, about half of which was covered by insurance. He immediately put up the edifice which he now occupies. Mr. Good was married, December 18, 1865, to Miss Nettie E. Jordan, a native of Sher- brook, Canada, and by this union thej' were the parents of one child that died in infancy. Mr. Good is one of the active members of the Masonic fraternity, having been one of STF.VE.VS COUA'TY, M/XNESOTA. 485 tlie cliai'ter members of Golden Sheaf Lodge No. 132, A., F. & A. M.; Mt. Lei. anon Cliap- ter, No. 47, K. A.M.; and Bethel Conimand- ery, No. 19, K. T. He is also a member of ]\rinnca]iolis Consistory, No. 2, and Minne- apolis Council No. 2, and of Cr3'stal Lodge, No. 132. I. O. O. F. -«- ITaMES McDonald, a resident of section f^ 32, llorton township, Stevens count}', is a native of Ireland, born in Queen's county, ]\Larch 6, 1830 ; he is the son of Daniel and Ellen (Bergen) McDonald, natives of Ireland and Scotland, respectively. Tiie father died in England, and was a British soldier, and the mother came to the United States, locating in Pennsylvania. They iiad six ciiildren — James, Elizebeth, Sarah, Mary, Joiin and William. •lanu's. our subject, spent his sciiool days in Ireland, finishing at Liverpool, England, at the age of fifteen years. He came to the United States in 1S4S, landing in New York City, where he remained two days and one night, then went to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and remained until the fall of 1S49, enjjaoed at mining. He then spent a few months \nsitingin Sullivan county, of that State, and from there he went to Lycoming county, where he lived for about twent^y-three \'ears, engaged at mining most of the time. He then spent some time mining in Bradford county, and I'l-om there came to his pres- ent location, in Stevens county, Min- nesota, taking up a homestead of 160 acres on section 32, as once descriljed. He aisotoolva tree claim of a (piarter section, giving him a line tract of land, amounting to a half section. He lirst came to that poi-tion of the county now known as Horton town- ship in 1877, and was among the first to settle there. He aided in perfecting the township (organization. Mr. McDonald was first married in De- cember, 1852, to Miss ]\Liry Driscoll, of Irish birth. She died in ISCO, leaving two children— Patrick and Ellen. The latter married John llonan. Patrick is still un- married. For his second companion Mr. McDonald nuirried Briilgett Coni'oy. She was born in Ireland, and came to America alone. They were nuirriod in 1S«U at Williarasport, Pennsj'lvania. In politics oursubject is a republican. He is school director of district No. 41, Horton township, and has served as a member of the board of supervisors for one term, having always taken an active interest in ail matters of a public or educational nature. '•^-J^^-*- ^M^LFRED C. PECK, another one of _2^i>^ Stevens county's energetic and highly- esteemed farmers, is a native of Minnesota, born at Stanton, Goodhue county, November 25, 1863. He is a son of Ira and Adeline (Ellis) Peck, natives, respectively, of New York and Vermont. They removed from the East to Minnesota, and were among the eai'ly settlers of Goodhue county. His father remained there until his death, in 1880. In New York he was a farmer and mill operator, but in Minnesota farmed ex- clusivel\\ His fathers family consisted of two sons and two daughters — Arthur, Alice, Alfred C. and Arlie, all still living, and married except our subject, with whom the mother makes her home. When ifr. Peck came to Stevens county lie bought a farm of 100 acres, upon which he has made valuable improvements, and carried on a l)aying farm and stock-raising business. His location is section 21, Moore townshi]). Our subject olitained a common school education at Stanton, ^[innesota. leaving his studies at the age of eighteen years to enter t he active realities of life. He is a republican 486 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. in politics, and ever ready to do liis share of party work. In the spring of 1887 he was chosen by iiis people as supervisor, which position he still fills. He belongs to the now popular order — Sons of Temperance. He is a young man of excellent business ability, and as a neighbor and exemplary citizen is held in hiffh esteem bv all who know him. !;!;YSANDER H. PUSHOR, one of Stevens county's mostliighly esteemed farmers, lives on section 18, of Morris township. He is a native of Maine, and was born July 6, 1841, at Plymouth, Penobscot county. His parents were Peter and Hannah (Morse) Pushor, also natives of the State of Maine. Our sui)ject came of a long-lived family, as his grandfather on his father's side lived to reach the age of ninety-three years, while his father lived to be seventy-four years old. His mother is still living in Maine. The son, of whom we write, attended the common school and worked between terms, as all of the hardy, well-reared sons of New England did, until he was about nineteen years old, when he went to farming with his father, and followed it until he was convinced that duty called him to aid in the defense of his country, when he enlisted July 28. 1862, in Company K, Eleventh Maine Infantry. He served with that command until June 17, 1865. His army life was anything but a pleasant experience, as he was blown up in a powder magazine at Morris' Island, caused by a shot from a rebel battery on James Island. Several men were wounded and two killed on the si)ot. He has felt the effects of the shock there received ever since. After the war closed he went back to Maine, and remained until 1875. During the month of March, of that year, he came West, stop- ping in Minneai)olis, Minnesota, for two From that city he came diiect to the locality in which he now resides. He took up a quarter section of land as a homestead, which constitutes a part of the farm he now lives upon. His total landed estate is at the pres- ent time a half section of valuable and well improved land. Mr. Pushor was married, March 31, 1867, to Mercy A. Woodman, by whom five chil- dren have come to bless their home ; they are — Ernest H., Lenora A., Mercy A., George L., and Elizabeth. In hispolitical belief and action Mr. Pushor is a republican, and has often been honored with various local offices of trust and im- portance. He is at the present time one of the board of county commissioners, and has been a member of the board before foi- seven years, during which time he has had much to do with the shaping of official matters within his county, and has ever proved effi- cient and caj)able in every official position he has held. In the autumn of 1880 Mr. Pushor took a trip back to his old native State, Maine, being absent about sixmonths, reviewing the familiar old scenes of his boyhood days, but still always thinking more of his new-found home in the Northwest than of anything he saw in the State in which he was reared. year s, where he was eng-aged at lumbering. I ||)'HEODORE LINSTAD, one of the yil7 prominent and influential citizens of the town of Framnas, is of Scandinavian birth, as are so many of the settlers in that portion of the county. He is the son of •lohn and Olivia (Peterson) Olson, and was born m Norway, March 21, 1850. He was reared in his native land until reaching his majority, and received a superior, classical education there in the days of his youth. At the age of twenty-one. in 1871, he turned his steps toward the new world, antl. crossing STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 487 the stormy Atlantic, landed at Quebec, Can- ada, from whence he came, at once, to St. Paul, iMinnesota, and for two years was em- j)loyed on a railroad there. Tiie next tliree years lie spent in the gasfitting trade in that city, but in 1S75, came to Stevens county, and tooiv up, as a preemption claim, the land wliore he now lives. Shortly after he ciiangcd ids claim to a homestead, and per- fected Ids title to it. lie had had an ap- prenticeship at farming at home, on his father's ]dace, and has a thorough knowledge of the wants of agriculture. Mr. Linstad was married, October 8, 1875, to Miss Emma Olson, and bv this union is the father of nine children — Julia, Olivia, Obert, John, Gina (deceased), Gina, Edwart, Nettie and Bernliart. The subject of this sketch is a democrat in his political views, and has been prominently identified with the official life of the town and county. He was ap])ointed to fill the vacancy on the board of county connnission- ers caused by the death of Lars Larson ; he has held the office of town supervisor for two terms, that of town ti'easurer for six years and in the office of school clerk man\' years. He is an active member of the Luth- eran Church and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. ;}x'^5^0REN E. PIERCE, a prominent Imsiness ii^ man and hardware dealer at ]\f orris village, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Warren county. He remained in his native State until he was twenty yeai'sof age, when he came to Wisconsin, and remained tiiere teaching school for two years. In IS08 he moved to Minnesota and settled on a fai-m in Mower county. During the time of his sojourn in the hitler place he traveled to Pike's Peak, Colorado, and through the raining regions of the Western Territories. In February, 1876, he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, buying ftOO acres of rail- road land in Pepperton townshii), and build- ing his present store at Morris. In 1877 he put in a full line of furniture and crockery, and has since been successfully engaged in the business, besides carrying on farming ex- tensively. Mr. Pierce was married in ISOS. lie has held various offices in village and township, and is at present the vice-president of the Stevens County Bank. ^■i^ «4i- RCHIBALD A. STONE, an extensive dealer in hardware, agricultural im- plements, wagons, buggies, etc., in Morris villasre, is a native of Canada. He was born in that province, October 30, 18.53, ami is a son of Herman and Polly Stone. When Archibald was but three years of age his parents moved to Belle Plaine, Minnesota, where his father engaged in the merchandis- ing business, he opening the fii*st store in that place. Later Mr. Stone, Sr., moved to Jordan, Minnesota, where he remained for some time, then moved to Le Seuer, at which place he followed the avocation of a miller. In 1876 he came to Morris, Minne- sota, at which place he is successfully oper- ating a flouring mill. Archibald remained with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he started in life for him- self. For some time he worked at milling, and then engaged in his preseid business in Morris. Before opening his present place of business he attended the State Univei-sity for a short time. Mr. Stone is a member of the Odd-Fel- lows' fraternity and other social organiza- tions, and is highly esteemed as a business man and as an exemplary citizen. 488 STEVFNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. /p^JVLE LOFTHUS, who lives on section 30, x^i/ Synnes township, Stevens county, is a native of Norway, born at Christiania, October 14, lS-44. He is the son of Ole and Christina (Syverson) Lofthus, natives of Norway. They came to this country in 1858. They lived at St. Peter, until the father died, in 1879 — the mother died a year later. Tlieir trip across the ocean consumed five weeks; tliey arrived at St. Peter, Minne- sota, July 4, 1S5S. The family consisted of father, mother and seven children — Sigra, liagnild, Christina, Julia, Ole, Sever and Lars. Our subject spent his youthful days in school at New Sweden, Minnesota. Leaving school at the age of seventeen years he en- listed in Company E, Second Minnesota Infantry, October 15, 1861. He went in as a private and returned as a corporal. He was discharged at Fort Snelling, August 10, 1865. He took part in the following battles — Mill Spring, Kentucky, January 19, 1862; Perry ville, October 7, 1862 ; Pittsburg Land- ing, April 7, 1862 ; Siege of Corinth, in 1863 ; Mission Ridge, October 23, 1863 ; Siege of Atlanta; Sherman's "march to the sea,"' and many otlier liai-d fought battles and wear\' marches. Finally they came from Carolina to Richmond and from there to Washington, District of Columbia. They were mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, and discharged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. After his discharge our subject went back to his parents' home, in Nicollet county, where he farmed until he moved to Stevens county, in the fall of 1879. He there home- steaded a quarter section of land, on section 30 ; also availed himself of the tree claim act, thus giving him a half section of land in all. Mr. Lofthus was married, October 11, 1865, to Miss Bertena Beck, born in Norway, coming to this country in 1862, livmg at St. Peter, and was there married to her husl^and. They have six children — three of each sex — Ole E., Josephena, Lars, Eddv, Martha Christina and Laura. The children are all at home at the present time. Mr. Lofthus is a republican in his politics. He holds the office of clerk of his school district, and is a man who takes a deep in- terest in educational and public matters in general. J^\UNFORD DICKINSON, who is a _^iJjr^ well known farmer, and highly re- spected citizen of Hodge township, Stevens county, living on section 14, forms the spe- cial subject of this sketch. Like many other men who have aided in the settlement and better development of Stevens county, he has a place in history, if for no other purpose than to set forth before the coming generations, wliat one man can accomplish, when pos- sessed of the true and manly determination to grapple with the obstacles of life. Our subject was born September 13, 1838. Llis ]iarents were James and Debra (Mun- ford) Dickinson, natives of Delaware. They married in that State, and remained there about fifteen years after marriage, and then immigrated to Pennsylvania, and from there to Prairie City, Illinois, where the father still lives, aged eighty-eight years, having been born in 1800. The mother, who was born in 1803, died, in 1873, in Ilhnois. Both parents belonged to the Methodist Church. The father has always been engaged in lum- bering and dry goods business. He now lives with his son D. R. Dickinson. The family consists of seven chiklren now living — Harrietta, Lena, Mar}- Emiline, Sail}' Maria, D. R. Ransler and Munfonl. Our subject, Munford, spent his school days in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and Troy, New York, finishing at the age of seventeen years, receiving a practical eckica- tion. He then went to clerking in a store STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 4S9 U)v a man named Stoddard, who handled dry goods and groceries. lie remained with him three yeai's and then went to St. CroLx, AVisconsin, and engaged in the lumber busi- ness. He next engaged in farming for two years, and tlien went into tiic livery business at Lak(;land, Washington count}-, Minnesota, remaining at this for two years, at the end of which time he enlisted in the Second Wis- consin Cavalry, entering the army Decem- ber 3, 180)2, untlei' Captain Ijurnell. He en- tered as a private and came out as a quarter- master, having been commissary. He was engaged in the battles of Yazoo City, Prairie Gi'ove (Missoui'i"), Black Iiiver Bridge, Natchez, ]\Ienij)his and manv other of less note in histoi-y. He was discharged at Aus- tin, Ti'.xas, antl came back to Madison, then to Hudson, Wisconsin. It shoidd here be stated, however, tiiat he was taken prisoner at Yazoo City and held ten days. He was shot in the shoulder at the same battle, which laid him up for a few days onl\r. Upon iiis return he engaged in the lumber business for a time, but finally moved to Han- cock, Stevens county, being one of the first men to settle in Moore township, where he liomesteaded 160 acres of land, on section 2, which he improved and lived on six years. He then went to work for Fonsworth & iS'ewcomb on a farm located on sections 13, 15 and 23, near where he now- lives. He acted as foreman for this liiin for three years, then moved to his present place, on section 1-4, where he has 160 acres, all well improved. Afr. Dickinson was married Xovcmbei" 7, I><87. to .Miss I.otta Johnson, a native of rcnnsylv;inia. Her lather is living and matle his home in Stevens county until 18SS, but now at lied Wing, Minnesota. The mother died in March, 1887. Mrs. Dickin- son l)elongs to tiie ^lethodist Episcopal Chui-ch. In politics our subject is a republican. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a very prominent man in his township. Their children are — Josejjhene and Frankie, both of whom are married. The former married John Sanders, of Morris. Minnesota, while the latter is the wife of F. Douglass, of Hancock, Minnesota. Mr. Dickinson is extensively (iiigaged in farming and stock-raising, having thirtylive cows and four horses. He has seven head of blooded stock, including Holsteinand Short- horn cattle. "• V* '1 ►^- J|li)ATR!CK GRIFFITH, a prosperous and _1S^ highly respected farmer at Stevens count}', is a resident of re))j)erton townshi]i, section 12. He was born in Ireland, March 17, 1831, and remained in his native land un- til he was fifteen 3"ears of age, when he carae to America, and after landing in New York City, New York, he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He remained there for some seven 3'ears, working at gardening and receiv- ing but sixtj'-two cents a clay when he com- menced; but wages soon increased and he was able to gain a fair livelihood. Leavins: that place, he went to Goodhue county, Minne- sota, where he bought farm of b^'ty aci-es, and as fast as his means allowed bought additional land. When he sold out, in 1878, his farm comprised some 280 acres under good culti- vation. He then bought 320 acres on section 12, Pepperton township, Stevens county, for *2,600, and has since made this his home. Mr. Griffith was married in Decend)er, 1854, to Miss Mary Kenney. and they have had a family of the following children — Michael E., George A., Thomas F., James P., William H., Sarah A., Minnie E., Catherine A., and Maggie J., besides two who aie arty. -««; KHenry l^A. farm ►^^ ISHERWOOD, who now lives a life on section 17, Synnes town- ship, Stevens county, was born August 27, 1849, at Fall River, Massachusetts. He is the son of John and Margaret Isherwood, natives of iMigland, where they were mar- ried. The father worked in the print works of P]ngland, and came to America in an early (hiy — about 1845 — settling in Massachusetts, where he lived until througii with the toils of life. Our subject has a brother and sis- ter there now, at a place near where the parents lived and died. The mother died first, and wiien the father was fifty-five years old, he enlisted in the late war, serving two vears and ten months. He was regu- larly mustered out, antl only lived a short time after coming home ; he died from the effects of exposure in the army, it is sup- posed. They had nine children, all men and women grown — James, John, Henry, Alice, Margaret, Mary, Lizzie, Ellen and Sarah. Our subject, Henry, received most of his schooling at Fall River, Massachusetts, at- tending until he was fourteen years of age, after wiiich he was engaged in cotton mills for eight years. He attended school and worked in the factorv at the same time, for several years, hence he knows what education costs and is worth to a man. He came to Red Wing, INIinnesota, and was there located from the time he was seventeen to twentv- three years old. He spent the next threeyears in the East, then spent another summer in Red Wing, after which he came to Stevens count}', and is now located on section I", as described above, where he operates a (jiiar- ter section of land, raising grain and l)aying much attention to stock-breeding, which, in Minnesota, has come to be a jiaying branch of farm industry. Mr. Isherwood was married in March, 1881, at Red Wing, to Miss Cora Lane, who was born in Goodhue county, Minnesota, in I808, the daughter of William Lane, wlio died in 1870. The mother is still living. They were theparents of seven children — Herbert, now a physician, at Ellsworth, Wisconsin ; Ed- ward, Sherman, Elvina, William, Lilly and Cora. Our subject and his wife have been blessed with three children — Edith May, Lilly Ellen and Florence Yina. In politics Mr. Isherwood is a republican. He has won the good will of a large circle of friends, who prize his many virtues, and he is held in high esteem, both as a neigh ijor and an exeraplarv citizen. -^►' KLenry bald xr-1. tham. Mass BALDWIN is a native of Wal- assachusetts, born January 29. 1S35, and came West in April, 1858, lo- cating at Leof Lake. Otter Tail county. Minnesota, whei-e he renuuned about four years. At the time of the Indian outbreak he moved to St. Cloud and joined the volun- teer company from that place under Cajitain Taylor, which marched as far as Fort Abei-- crombie. In the fall of LSt52 lie hegan to carry mail from Crow Wing to Pembina, which he continued until the following Jan- 4Q2 STEVEXS COUXTY. MIXNESOTA. nary. He was at different points until 1869, when he came to Stevens county. He was among the lirst settlers of tlie county, and opened a smal 1 store at Gager's Station. Mr. Baldwin continued in trade until 1870, wlien he took a claim ol ninety-five acres on sec- tion 26, Morris township. He remained here only a short time, when lie entered the mer- cantile business in Morris. In the fall of 1872 he was elected to the office of clerk of court, which position he held for three suc- cessive terms. In 1886 he returned to fai'm- ing once more, but in tiie spring of 1S8S he entered the auditor's office as deputy. Mr. Baldwin is a mcmljcr of the Masonic fra- ternity and a number of other social organi- zations. JHIeNRY T. BEVANS, of Morris, is one Xr A. of the leading attorneys of Stevens county. He was born in Illinois, May 25, 1839, and is a son of Lorenzo and Hannah Bevans. his fatiier being a lawyer of promi- nence. When Henry T. was still an infant the family removed to Grant county, Wis- consin, where the fatiier died in 1846. Our subject, Henry T. Bevans, was early thrown upon his own resources, and has made his own way in the world since childhood. He was brought up in the family of a brother-in-law in Goodhue county, Minne- sota, receiving his education in the common schools, and also attending Hamlin Univer- sity, then located at Eed Wing, Minnesota. When the war broke out he enlisted in Com- pany F, First Minnesota Infantry, and was mustered in on April 29, 1861. He participated .in the first and second battles at Bull Run, Antietam and Fredericksburg. He then became first lieutenant in Hatch's battalion, and went willi the expedition through the Northwest, lla then resigned, and went to Washington, District of Columbia, wiiere he entered the secret service. He was in Ford's Theatre on the night President Lincoln was assassinated, and was detailed to particijjate in the pursuit of the assassm. After the close of the war Mr. Bevans leturned to Red Wing, Minnesota, studied law, and was admitted to the l)ar in 1871. In 1876 he located at Morris, and- has since remained here, except four years — from 1883 to 1887 — when he was Deputy United States collector at St. Vincent. Mr. Bevans is a mend)er of the Grand Army of the Rejiub- lic, and also belongs to the Odd-Fellows" order and the Masonic fraternity. ^^- _ kARK COLEMAN, whose present home I^JJ%^ is on section 14, Darnen township, is a native of Ireland. He was born in 1843, and remained in the home of his childhood, until 18 years of age, at which time he went to England, living there for three years, then immigrated to America, leaving Liverpool, July 11, 1866. and arriving at New York hai-- bor the 27th of the same month. He re- mained at Green Point, New York, until the following March, when he started for Min- nesota. He stopped at St. Paul a few days, and went from there to Green Isle, Sibley county, for the purpose of visiting an uncle, who was a resident of that count}'. Return- ing to St. Paul, he was at once employed as a steamboat hand, from which place he went with theAvorkmen of the Sioux City Railway Companj', where he remained imtil the fol- lowing July, then was engaged by the Wi- nona and St. Peter Railway Comjmny. He worked as a contractor under De Graff & Company, of that road, until such work was finished for the season, and then, not wishing to be idle, he went to St. Paul, and M'orked for the St. Paul & Lake Suj)erior Railway Company ; then for the Chicago, Milwaukee A: St. Paul Railway. In 1S6S he was en- STEVFNS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 493 gaged with tlie St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Company. .Tune, 1869, he commenced grad- ing, under contract, at Smith Lalce, his first contract lieing for 1,500 feet. Being the riglit man in tiie right jilacc, lie kept on at grading until June IG, 18C9, do- ing work at different ])oints along the St. Paul A: Pacific system, including the sec- tion between l)e Graff and Morris. Wlien this work reached comjiietion lie again sought eniplovmenl in llie Lake regions, and worked on the Lake Superior' Rail- way line. His energy and ambition now caused him to go to Louisiana, where tilings did not altogether suit his fancy, as he onl\' worked nineteen days out of the six weeks he remained there ; so he returned as far north as St. Louis, and engaged with the Iron iVIountain Railway Company, at good paying wages. He remained with that road until April, 1871, when he spent two months at St. Louis. We next find him in the em- 2iloy of the Lake Superior & St. Louis Railway, where lie remained until November of ISTl, and wa^^ then taken sick and unable to woik until the following spring. During 1871, he speculated some in the haj' trade, purchasing 300 tons, which, latei- in the season \ielded him a handsome profit. The same year he started for the St. Vincent branch of the St. Paul it Pacific Railway, and on his way up took u]i the IfiO acres of land u]ion which he now lives. He remained long enough to make the necessary improvements on his land, such as breaking, tree planting, tlie buikling of a "claim shanty," etc., and then went on to pursue his work as a i-ailway grader on the St. Vincent division, wliich work paid him about nine dollars per day. P^rora the time he quit this work, for two or three years he followed dealing in milch cows, fat stock, etc., always driving sharp trades, and making good ))rofits on his live stock. Rut he finally concluded to further improve his land, and consequently in the spring of 1876, seeded down twenty-five acres, and did other good work about his premises, and again took to railroading — this time on the line of the Canadian Pacific I'oad, wiierein a few weeks he lost $600 on grading contracts. In the spring of 1877. he sowed sixty-eight acres of wheat, from which he harvested oUO bushels ; the following year's farming exper- ience was much better, and so well pleased with hisnew-nuule home was he that he sever- ed his connection with I'ailroad labor, and has since been one of the thoroughgoing farmers of this county. He has one farm of KiO acres on section 14, and another " (puirter section farm" on section 36, Darnen town- ship, both well improved. He is one of those few men who have courage to hold out as a hard worker, making the most of every turn in life, until finally his labors have been crowned with signal success. Mr. Coleman was married February 11, 1885, to Miss Mary (^oleinan, by wliich union their household is blessed with two cliildi'cni — I'ridget.I. and Peter .1. Mr. Coleman is chairman of the I'"ai'iiier"s Alliance, and since 1876, has been treasui'cr of his school district. ,^\ NDREW J. COMSTOCK, deceased, .Z^'^JL was a prominent liguie in the ollicial history of Stevens county, lie was i>orn at Argyle, ^[aine, Septembers, 1834. In 1^71 he came to Stevens county, and located upon a farm in the town of Moore. Tiiere he made im]>rovements and remained for a number of years, and then moved to the village of Llancock and became proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, whicii he con- ducted until the time of his death, which occurred July 23, 1881, During his life he took an active interest in all matters of a public nature, and hehl various school and other local ottlces, and for several years 494 STEVEA^S COirXTY, MINNESOTA. served as a member of the board of count}' commissioners. Mr. Comstock was married, in 1S5+, to Miss Alice Pettengill, and they became the parents of three children — Annette, Flora and Adlev. ^^^ A. NILSON, a member of tlie firm of *^11 Larson & Xilson, is one of the most prominent business men of Mori'is, and is an old settler in Stevens county. He was liorn in Norway, March 20, IS-t-i. and when fif- teen years of age adopted a seafaring life. About five years later he came to the United States, and for about seven years followed the business of a sailor on the great lakes. At the expiration of that time, in 1871, he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and lo- cated in tiie village of Morris, engaging in the mercantile business, in company with his present partner, under the firm name of Larson & Nilson. The Ijusiness has been continued thus ever since, and the firm now rate as one of the most solid and substantial institutions in the county. Mr. Nilson is a married man, and he and his wife are honored members of the Luth- ei'an Church. •■'^!^}^'-*- r^COB HENRICHS, one of the highly respected citizens of Stevens county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 10, Rends- ville township. By birth he is a German; he was born on the historic Rhine, September 19, 1855, the son of Joseph and Anna (Bow- lig) Henrichs. At the age of three years he accompanied his pai'ents to the United States, settling at Hay Greek, Goodhue count}', Minnesota He had but little school- ing, but by observation has come to be a well informed man. His father took a homestead upon which they lived until his death, in 1875. Here our subject spent his youthful days on the farm, occasionally working out. At the age of eighteen years he made a trip to the Red River country. When twenty-three years of age he left home, and in 1878 came to the township where he now lives, where he purchased a tree claim, planting out 11,000 trees, but, owing to one cause or another, they failed to materalize into a forest. He then claimed tiie same as a homestead, where he has since lived. He is an excellent carpenter, and has worked some at various times at that. He was married January 1, 1885, to Miss Emma Shauers. of Grant county, Minnesota, by which union two children have been born — John and IMaggie. In his politics Mr. Henrichs is a democrat. He belongs to the Roman Catholic Church, while his good wife is a member of the Lutheran Church. They have seen much of the hardships of pioneer life, but have always made the most of life's changes, and finally ])ossess a good farm home, which provides them with the com- forts of life. OHN GILLESPIE isanativeof New York ^ City, being boi'n there July 11, 1846. His parents were botii foieigners who came to New York in their childhood, where they spent their lives. John was an only cliild, and at the age of eleven was left an orphan. From this on he was his own master. When fourteen years old he found employment in a drug store, which he fol- lowed until he became a soldier. In No- vember, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Fortv-eighth Indiana Infantrv, and served until January, 1865, when he was honorabl}' discharged. He participated in several important engagements and skirmishes. On being discharged he went to Newark, Ohio, where he again engaged in the drug business STEVIiNS COUNTY, MINXESOTA. 495 In 1868 he came to Minnesota, in which State he lias since remained, being cliiefly engaged in tiie di'iig business. Since 1S84- j\[r. Gillespie has been a resident of Jlorris, Stevens county. lie lias lieen engaged here in several occupations, as drug dork and employed in the auditor's and register's of deeds offices. He is also justice of the peace and village librarian. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, of the Odd-Fellows' fraternity, and of otiier oi-gaiii- zations, and one of the leading citizens of the villao-e and countv. ^fy^^ 1 TUART B. WELLS, who resides on a ^^ tine farm on section 33, Moore town- ship. Stevens county, is a native of the State in which he now lives. lie was born at Warren. Goodliue county. August 3, 1802. His parents were J. L. and Margaret (Magee) Wells, who were united in marriage in New York City, where they lived, with the excep- tion of a sliort time in New Jersey, until tlie\' came West. The father was born on Broad- way street, Xew York City, and the motliei- in New Jersey. They are both living at present in Warsaw, ^Minnesota, where they carry on farniing for a liveliiiood. They have a family of si.x children — William, Benjamin, Stuart, Jacob, Emma :md Amanda, all of whom are now living. Mr. Weils attended the pui)lic schools of his native county, Goodhue, and also spent some time in attending school at NorthfieUI. Minnesota. He discontinued his schooling at the age of nineteen years, and from the school room he went to farm life, spending a year or more at that. He then turned his attention to speculating in cattle, hogs, barley, etc. lie was married, February 25. 1885, to Arlie Feck, the ceremony taking place in his native countv. Ills wife is the daughter of Ira and Adeline (Ellis) Peck. The father is deceased, ilrs. Wells was educated princi- pally in Goodhue and Rice counties, Minne- sota. She is now the mother of one son — Fay, born JFarch 13. 1887. Our suliject is an indeiiendeiit in [lolitics, never failing to support the best man, re- gardless of his ])articular party ideas. He came to Stevens county in 1878, and located where he now lives, taking up 160 acres of land, which he has added to, now giving him a farm of 170 acres, upon which he carries on general farming, including stock-grow- ing. He handles the Poland-China breed of swine — "full bloods." He has 500 head of fine sheep, and keeps from ten to twenty- five head of cattle. He also grades horses. To the stock-raising feature may doubtless lie attributed his financial success. His place is well cultivated and improved by good building's, fences, etc. He ])ossesses a fine home, of which any young man in the land might well feel proud. -♦-J -.&•► i^OLONELRUFUSC.STEVENS. theprcs- ^^^y cut editor of the Morris Trihuui'. is a native of Vermont, born in Cabot. Caledonia countv. April 5. 1821. His parents. Closes and Hilty (^Kimballj Stevens, were both natives of New Hampshire, and of English descent. The father died in Rockingham county. New Ilympshire. in 1814. and tiie mother died nineteen years later, in the same county, in 1803. At the age of thirteen vears. Rufus accompanied his jiarents to New Hampshire, and for the ne.xt three years re- mained at home, receiving a limited common school education. In 18-10 he decided to learn tiie printer's trade, and, accordingly, I'Utered the office of tiie Herald of Freeilom, at Concord. New Hampshire, lie remained with this strongly anti-slavery paper for two vears or more, and then was employed at 496 STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Boston and various other places, as a journey- man printer, until the fall of 1S49, when he took passage on the bark Domingo, for San Francisco, by way of Cape Horn, arriving there April 7, 1850. His first employment was wheeling sand forthecit^' wharf at fifty cents per hour. This seems a liberal compensation, but it must be remembered that everything cost in proportion. He next woi'ked in the postoffice for three months, at the expiration of which time he went 150 miles into the in- terior, with a party of four, in search of gold. Here they washed from $(5 to $8 a day each, and although living was expensive, Mr. Stevens says, he was enabled to save from $4 to $6 per day. During the latter pai't of the year 1851, he came back to the " States" intending to return to the mines, but this plan was never executed. Early in 1852 he [jurchased the Belknap County Gazette, a whig jiaper, which he published at ^Meredith's Ridge, until 1857. During this time, in the \'eai's 185-1 and 1855, he served t^vo terms as representa- tive in the State Legislature. Coraing-to La Salle. La Salle county, Hlinois, in 1857, he formed a ])artnei'slii|) with E. C. Webster in the pul)licatioii of tiie I'ress. This continued until tlie fall of 18(12, when he joined the stream of volunteers then going to the front in obedience to the needs of the Government. He was made adjutant of the One Hun- dred and Fourth Regiment, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. He saw very active service, and was twice w^ounded, one w'ound confining him three months. The followino' engage- ments were tliose in which he was a partici- ])a,nt: Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, ninety da\'s battles before Atlanta, engagements at Sa- vannah, and the march thrtnigh North and South Carolina. He was in the grand re- view at Wasliinglon. and was honorably dis- charged in 1S(>5. Returning to La Salle, Illinois, Mr. Stev- ens was shortly appointed revenue inspector of the Sixth District of Illinois, and this ap- pointment necessitated his removal to Ot- tawa, Illinois. He held the position for two years, until it was abolished by law. After engaging in grain-purchasing for one season, he took charge of the Press. In 1876 he was elected sheriff, and again removed to Ottawa, where he renuimed until 1881. He spent the summer of 1881 in Minnesota, after which he returned to Ottawa and purchased the Glohe, which he successfully operated until 1888, when he came to^Morris, Minne- sota, and purchased the Tribune, one of the leading periodicals in Stevens county. Mr. Stevens was married December 7, 1851, at Meredith's Ridge, New Hampshire, to Hannah E. Chene\^, a daughter of Seth and Elizabeth Cheney. Bj' this union one child was born — Nelson C, now a printer at Ottawa. Mrs. Stevens' death occurred in August, 1868, at Ottawa, Illinois, and Octo- ber 31, 1869, Mr. Stevens was united the sec- ond time in marriage to Helen T. Freeman, a daughter of ]\r. G. Freeman. They have been blessed by two children — Rufus F. and Bruce. Mr. Stevens is a staunch adherent to the principles of the republican party, and is a man prominently identified with all pub- lic matters, whether State or county. ^^D E. HARSTAD, a well-to-do farmer \^il of Stevens count}' and a resident of section 30, Rendsville township, is a native of Norway. He was born February 17, 1860. His parents are Erick and Carrie (Tosen) Erickson, who were also natives of Norway. At the age of nine years, our subject's parents immigrated to this country, landing in New York, in 1869; they were eighteen days on the voyage from Glasgow. The trip was a calm one most of the time ; only one death occurred among the many passengers. STEFEXS COUNTY, M J X X /■: SO TA . 497 Tlie father came to Benson, Minnesota, where he worked on tlic raih'dad. In tlie fall of 1S69 he took u]) a liomestoail, as above described, lie improved the place at once, building his house on the east side of a hake and within a natural grove. Tiie father died in February, IS";?. The niolher is still living, and, together with our subject, carries on the farm, he having the management of the place. The jiaients had a very hard time at first; they came to the county at a time when everything was new. Air. llarstad was married in ilarch, 1883, to Miss Annie Oleson, of Eendsville town- shi]). Two children bless tliis union — Clara antl Elvira. In his political belief Mr. Plar- stad is a republican. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and has the respect of all within the range of his accpiaintanco. He is a young man full of energy, and although he could only obtain a limited education, he has, by hard labor and careful observation, come to be a well-i)ostcd man and a leading and representative farmer of the county. He has sterling qualities, and is highly I'esjiected both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. -■^ "»- wx NUD J. HUSEVOLD, the postmaster Iff(\^ at Cyrus, and a prominent member of the farming population of the town of Fi'amnas, was born in Xorway, December 28, 1832, and was reared beneath the roof of his parents' cottage in that country. lie is the son of John and llalga (Kalsrud) Huse- vold. who were natives also of Norway, and came to the United States with them in ISb"!. The family landed at N'ew York, and from thence went to Waukesha county, Wis- consin, where the father bought a farm of IflO acres, and coninuMiced farming. Iti 1S4."> the father was stricken down by choh^ia and died, as iliil his wife, leaving their four children to buffet the world alone. The subjr( 1 nl our narrative, on the death of his parents, hired out to a party, and worked at liasket-making, butchering and farming, until the following winter, when he went to a Norwegian school, and was con- firmed in the Lutheran Church. In the spi'ing he removed to Winneshiek county, Iowa, where he took up a claim of 160 acres of land, and remained enjiaffed in farminf;' until the winter of 1S53. He then went to Kochester, Wisconsin, and there worked at wagon-making, having sold his chiim. Set- tling next at Spring Grove, Houston county, Minnesota, he there carried on farming and peddling, and, two years later, removed to Fillmore county, this State, and started a town, which he called Greenfield, and there entered the general merchandise business, and carried on a farm. This he followed one year, and for the nine succeeding years was engaged in farming in that locality. Selling out, he then removed to Belle Creek, (4oo(lhiu,' county, and in that i)lace carried on t'aiining and auctioneering, was justice of the ))eace ten years, and practiced law for fourteen years. During this time, in the years 1870 and 1S71, Mr. Ilusevold returned to his native country, and while there was made the agent for the Allan Line Steam- ship Company, and, as such an agent, he visited all the ])rincipal points in Noi'way. In 1870 he came to Stevens county, Minne- sota, and took a homestead on his present place. He has an excellent farm of 372 acres of land, beautifully situated on the east bank of Moss Lake. The shores of the lake are covered with a dense, natural •rrowth of hard wood timber, and its waters abound with various species of fish. Mr. Husevold's buildings are of an excellent description, and are surrounded by a fine grove of natural and artificial timber. Afr. Ilusevold was married in January, 1S.5('>, to Miss Turina Johnson, and by this union they are the parents of four daugh- 49S sTF.r/-\s cocvrv. m/xx/-:sota. ters — Bertha, Hellena, Isabelle Turina and Gusta Josephine. In his politics our subject is a democrat, and is a prominent member of the party in this community. He is connected witli tiie Lutliei-an Churcli, and is an active and zeal- ous Christian gentleman. "■V* •( IMANTIAGO HITCHEN, a prosperous farmer of section 34, Moore town- ship, Stevens county, was born in Wilming- ton, New Castle county, Delaware, June 30, 18-il. He is a son of James and Uena (Buch- anan) Hitchen, the father being a native of England, and the mother of Delaware. James came to the United States about 1830, and remained in the State of Delaware off and on for twent\' years. He was a cotton manufacturer, and died at ProTOlence, Rhode Island, in 1885, aged seventy-two years. He had lived where he died for nearly fifteen 3^ears, and there was educated and also prac- ticed medicine. He was an invalid and con- fined to his bed for over a year prior to his death. The mother died at Clinton, Iowa, in 1868. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They had a family of six children — three of each sex — Sarah, "Wil- liam, James, Santiago, Uena and Grace Em- ett. Uena and James are deceased. Our subject attended the public schools at New Castle, Delaware, until he was fourteen years of age, in 185G. lie then mastered the trade of blacksmithing in Whiteside county, Illinois, and followed' his chosen trade for eighteen years. He next found employment at Clinton, Iowa, at forging, in the shop of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. He remained in that position for seven years, after which lie went to Hudson, Wisconsin, wiiere, for four years more, he wielded the hammer bv the glowing forge. His health tiicn began to fail, and he came to Minnesota, in 1875, and located on section 34, Moore township, Stevens count}^ where he has remained to the present date. He obtained a 160 acre homestead and an eighty-acre tree claim, having a well improved farm of 240 acres, in the garden spot of Minnesota. He does a general farming and stock-raising bus- iness, dealing quite largely in Durham and Holstein cattle and Cleveland Bay horses. He has the honor to be recorded in history as being the first settler on the broad prairie upon which he now lives. He was mari-ied September 20, 1869, to Amelia Dake. born in AValworth county, Wisconsin, October 9. 1853. She is the daughter of Martin and Phebe (York) Dake, who were natives of New Yoi'k and Connec- ticut, respectively. They are now both dead. The father enlisted in the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry, and served for sixteen months, re- turning to Wisconsin, and died of disease contracted while in the service — only surviv- ing eight davs after he arrived at his home, in Walworth county. He left the field on "leave of al)sence" permit, but death can- celled his obligation, and his grave now marks the S})ot where another true and loyal man gave up his life for the flag of his country. He was a merchant and wheat buyer, and was greatl}" loved and esteemed by family and friends. The mother died in August, 1886, being sixty-one years of age. She was a consistent Christian lady, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. Tiieir family con- sisted of seven children — three sons and four daughters — Henry, Charles, Julia, Eliza, Amelia, Emma and George. Henrv, Julia, and Emma are now dead. The wife of our subject, Amelia, attended the public schools in AValworth county, Wisconsin, until she was fourteen years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Hitchen have two children — William and Uena Maud, ijoth still un- married and with their parents. In his political belief, our subject affiliates STEVENS COUXTV. MINNESOTA. 499 with the repubUcan party. lie lias bucn a loading- man in his count}', and been often elected to offices of much responsibility. He has been director of school district No. 17. anil still tills the office. lie has also been supervisor, overseer of the highways, justice of the peace, and other smaller offices. He is an exemplary Christian and a member of the ALethodist Episcopal Cimrch. At Clinton, Iowa, he belonged to the Indt-pendent Order of Odd-Fellows, and was Cbief of the Temp- erance Lodge at the same place for a term of four years, which gave him a wide circuit of acquaintances within that lodge district. During the war he served foui- months in the (iuartermaster"s department. As the reader traces tiiis worthy man's meanderings thus far in life's journey, they are ever and anon im})ressed with the idea that work, hard work, and persistence are the I'eal and true secrets to a successful life. -^^ ^^►- T^ OBERT B. Mt ARTHUR, a prominent JL--^ farmer of Stevens county, Minnesota, is entitled to a place in this work, as he is a gentleman of sterling qualities, and through his untiring enei-gy and good management, lias secured for himself a fine farm home on section 12, of Hodges township. He is a Scotchman by birth, born in Perth Shire. Scotland, March 27, 183S. His par- ents, also natives of the same country, wei'e Robert and Ellen (hamont) ]\[cArthur. The father died in Scntland in 1S45, and tiie mother came to America, and died at Prince- ton, Minnesota, in ISO-i, at the home of her son, Robert B., who is the subject of this sketch, and who came to this countrv about 1856. She was fifty-nine years old at iier death. She possessed all of those strong, yet truly womanlike graces found in so many Scotch women. In her religion, she was a Presbvterian. Tiie familv consisted of live chililren, four sons and one da u;^ liter, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. Tiiey were — Andrew, Robert B.. James, Alex- andcn- and Ellen. Andrew is now deceased, be- ing tlrowned on the Baltic Sea, together with the whole crew, some timetluring 18G5. lie was a married man, living in Scotland. Robert B. spent his boyhood and school days at Cooper, Angus, Scotland. He learned the baker's trade and followed the same, both in the old country and in Canada, com- ing to the United States in 1867, locating at Princeton, Minnesota, and remaining in that vicinitv for ten vears, enoa^ed at farniinor most of the time, but also taught school con- siderably. Fi'oni there he removed to Stevens county. Minnesota, and settled on his pres- ent place in Hodges township, and has been engaged at farming and i-aising stock ever since. Mr. McArthur was niarricnl in January, 1860, to Miss Elizebeth Gray, a native of Scotland. She died in Stevens county, in 1879. She was a faithful wife, a devout Christian lady, and a member of the Presb}'- terian Church. She was the mother of three sons aiul one daughter — John, Robert, An- drew and Nellie. The latter married A. B. Taylor, of Hodges township. Stevens count\-, and the sons are unmarried at this writing. Our subject was married again, April lo, 1884, to Miss Catharine Graham, who was also from Scotland, who came to this country in 1884, and was married at Hancock, Stevens county. They have three children — James G., Graham and George F. In his political belief Mr. McArthur is a republican. It may be said to his credit that he has often been elected to offices, within the county in which he lives, including township treasurer, county commissioner, etc. He has been a prominent citizen in Stevens county, and carries with him that respect and irood will which onlv come for earnest and u|)right living. He is a regular attend- 5O0 STF.l'F..VS COUNTY, MIXXESOTA. ant at the Cong'reti'ational Church, and an exemplary citizen in ever\' way. Our subject's two sons, by liis former wife, are farmers in Stevens county, Andrew hav- ing 160 acres in Hodges township, on section 1, and his brother Robert an equal amount on section 2. Both of these sons are unmar- ried. John, the other brother, farms during tlie summer time, and works at lumbering during the winter season. lie is also single, and is the oldest of tiie family. RIK P.DROVDALL, a highly respected '^^ farmer of Stevens i;ounty, living on section 2, of Synnes township, is a native of Norway, born December 26, 1838. He is a son of Peter and Maggie (Erickson) Olson, of Ts^orway. The mother came to Winona county, IMinuesota, in 1873, arriving in the town of Freemont, and died within sixhoui's afterwards. The father died in Norway, in July, 1871; he was a baker by trade. They had three children — Ole, Erik and one who died in infancy. Our subject spent his school days in the land in which he was boi-n up to the age of fourteen years, at which time he commenced to work at shoe- making, following the same for about five }'ears. He then shifted and learned the trade of blacksmithing, which he followed until he came to America, in 1869, landing in Quebec in the month of May. His trip from Christiania to Greene county, Wiscon- consin, consumed the time between the 16th of April and 14th of May, inclusive. He re- mained in that section, in Postville, for two years, working at Ijlacksmithing. In 1871 he went to Freemont, Winona county, Minnesota, where he worked at black- smithing on his own account until March, 18T7, when he moved to Stevens county, and located on his ])resent ])lace, where he farms and raises stock. Mr. Drovdall was married, December 28, 1862, to Miss Eanda Gilbertson, of Norway. She came to this country with her husband and two children — Gilbert and Mago-ie. In politics our subject is a prohibitionist above every other consideration. He has held different local offices, including justice of the peace and chairman of the board of supervisors, which place he now holds. Mr. and Mrs. Drovdall have two living children — Gilbert, born October 1,1868; and Maggie, born July 6, 1872; both of whom are confirmed in the Lutheran Church. Their children who are now deceased were as fol- lows — Maggie, born March 8, 1866, died in July, 1869; Jennie, br^rn in June, 1875, died same month ; and Peter, born July 2, 1878, died same dav. ^^LIJAH P. WATSON, another of the Xfc^^ intelligent farmers of Stevens county who is justly entitled to a ]ilace in this Biographical Album, lives on section 17, Hodges township. He was born in Canada, November 19, 18il. His parents were Joiin and Fannie (Pettinger) Watson, natives of England, who came to Canada in 1841, and remained until 1855, at which date they moved to Goodhue county, Minnesota. They remained there until 1870 and then removed to Fall Eiver, Wisconsin. The mother died in 1866, and the father still resides at Fall River. He is a harness-maker by trade and follows the same at present. Thej' had eleven children in their family, of which our subject is the oldest. Those now living are Elijah, Charles IL, Clara J.. David W., Anna, Phebe, Fred J., Froome T. and Clemintine. Elijah P. spent his school days at Hamlin University, Red Wing, Minnesota, leaving the same in 1858. After leaving his studies he worked at harness-making for four j-ears, STFivws couxrr. .v/xxF.sor.i. 501 for other parties, and then commenced liarness making for himself at Red Wing, in 1SC2, and followed the same until 1S77, except an interval of four years. The next five years of his life he spent at dairying, after which lie came to his present location in 1S82. He was married May 3, 1804. to Miss "NFary C. Cleveland, a native of Pliilaiieli)liia, Pennsylvania, receiving her libei-al eihicalion at that city and in Winona (Minnesota) Xormal School, completing the same at Tied Wing, however. Their children, six in number, are — Fannie E., Mary, Floi-ence, Mark H., Helen and Edwin J., all of whom except Fannie, who is married, now live at home with their parents. The daughter Fannie has taught school several seasons, and is a graduate of the High Schools, both at St. Paul and ]\rorris, Minnesota. When Mr. Watson first located in Stevens county in 1882, he was acting as numager for the " Pleasant View Stock Farm " for R. 0. Jefiferson, of St. Paul, who had 2,00(i acres of land in one body, all in Hodges township. The place has a large farm house and three very spacious, well-built barns, 42x112 feet in size, with ])osts twenty feet high, also basement, suitable for 100 head of stock, with a cajiacity of 250 tons of hay. Then there are smaller barns, for hoi-se.*, 32x.50 feet, with wings, making the whole a very large barn, which with an attachment, holds 100 horses. The cattle barn is 20x40 feet, with wing on either side, giving ample room for fifty head of cattle in stables.besides room for seventy-five calves. The sheep barn, another excellent buikling, is 32x90 feet in size. The machine and wagon shed is 2.5x100 feet, and a chicken barn is 14x2(1 feet. The place is pro- vided with an ice house, twenty feet square, and sixteen feet high. The residence cost $3,0U0, and is in the midst of a five acre grove of artificial timber, containing over 5,000 tlirifty trees. The stock raised on this fine farm are mostly Ilerefords, with fifteen full blood Jerseys. Our subject has a well-impi'oved, finelv located farm of some 2,500 acres, lie has a horse barn, which is 32x50 feet, capable of holding twenty-four horses. This, together with an addition, was erected at an expense of $1,000. The residence is 16x24, with an addition 14x28, costing $800. Besides, he has a fine ice house and creamery room, 14x20 feet. He has about 200 acres under cultivation, and usually has about sixtv head of cattle on his place, which are full-blood Jersey stock. In politics ilr. Watson is a republican, and always takes a lively intei-est in all which concerns the best interests of his county and State. He is now school treasurer of district No. 8. He belongs to the orders of Odd Fellows and United Workmen ; is also an ac- coptidjle member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In conclusion, it may be said that the father of our subject made the first set of harness made in Goodhue county, Minnesota, the date being the lall of 1855. For four generations back this family has had a son named John, all of whom have been hai-ness makers bv trade. --5-. i^HARLES J. CROONQUIST, a mer. '^y chant of Morris village, is a native of Sweden, born January 22, 1855. He re- mained in his native land untiliie was sixteen years of age, attending school and working on his father's farm during this time. In 1S71, he came with a younger brother to the United States and settled in St. Paul, where they remained one year. Charles then woiked for some time for the Ehvood Har- vester Works, after whicii he was taken down 502 STKr/£NS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. sick. In 1873 lie went to Minneapolis and worked there for one year, coining tlien to Morris, where he remained a short time and again went to the " Twin Cities," later returned to Morris and establisiied iiis ])res- ent liusiness. Mr. Croonqnist was married November 27, 1877, to Miss Iledin, and they have a family of seven children. ]\rr. Croonquist is a member of the (Jdd-Fellows' fraternity, Ancient Order of United Workmen and other social societies. -«-. JpfRITZ BUCKENTIN,. druggist of Morris Jb^ village, is a native of German}^, born in IJerlin April 1-t, ISOO. He remained at home until he was fourteen years of age, at which time he entered a drug store. He followed that vocation until 1878, when he entered the German army, serving four years, and re- ceiving ins discharge October 1, 1882. Soon after he immigrated to the United States, coming dire(.'t to Minnesota, arriving in Mor- ris, November 24, 1882. During the winter of 1882 and 1883, Fritz attended school, and in tlie following spring he engaged as a farm hand. In the fall of 1883 he went to Ter- ham, Minnesota, and secured work in an ele- vator, and worked in that work until the spring of 1883. He then entered into part- nership with his brother Max, in the drug business at Morris. Max Buckentin's death, in February. 1885, left Fritz the sole proprie- torship, and he has since carried on the busi- ness. k J- STEBBINS, of Morris, is a member of the firm of Hancock & Stebbins, grocers. Mr. Stebbins was born at Winona, Minnesota, August 7, 1862, and is a son of J. B. and Maria S. Stebbins. His parents were earl}' settlers in Winona county, liav ing located there in 1857, ■mvX still live there. Our subject, S. J. Stebbins, grew to man- hood in his native county, receiving his ed- cation in the common schools, and also at- tended one term at the La Crosse Business College. He started in life for himself when about nineteen years of age, and for about eighteen months clerked in a hardware store at Rochester. At the expiration of that time he went back to Winona,, where he followed the same line of business until 18S-t, when he came to Morris and became clerk in the Metropolitan Hotel. In 1886 he engaged in the grocery trade in company with his present partner, F. A. Hancock, and the busi- ness has since been carried on under the tirm name of Hancock & Stel)bins. Mr. Stebbins is a member of the Masonic fraternity. John H. EKMAN. a iirominent and ener- i^ getic farmer of the town of Donnelly, has his home on section 20, where he owns 160 acres of land, seventy-five of which are under cultivation. He has a neat and tasty residence, a roomy and comfortable barn and other out-buildings, all of which he erected himself. When he came to this county, in the spring of 1887, he bought the claim of a widow to the homestead where he now lives, paying her the sum of $500. No improve- ments were made on the place at that time, except that some fourteen acres of the land were broken. All the balance is due to his own energy, diligence and a desire to have ever^'thing around him in a comfortable condition. Mr. Ekman was born in Sweden, in the village of Lingskoping, June 28, 1862, and is the son of Charles and Ida Ekman, na- tives of that countrv. The father of our STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 503 suhjcft (lied when the latter was but two years old. and he was taken by his grand- fatiier. and raised by iiini until lie was seven- teen yeai's of age. He received the educa- tion that is tiie due of every youth in the land of his birth, and on attaining niaturer years, in 1879, came to this country with some friends. On arriving in the " land of the free," Mr. Ekman located in the city of Galesburg, Illinois, and was there employed in the rail- road shops, and on the road. He remained there for two years, and then came to St. Paul, and was in the employ of the North- western Elevator Company for five years. At the expiration of that time became to Stevens county, and settled on the ])lace where he now lives. The subject of this sketch was united in uuirriage, in April, 1885, with Miss Anna Anderson, in the city of St. Paul. They are the happy parents of one child (living) — llanning, who was born April 28, 1886, and one child (deceased), Jonas, who was born October 25, 1S87, and died February It. 1888. Mr. Ekman is a consistent membei' of the Lutheran Church, and is a zealous woi-ker in the cause of religion. He is a rei)ublican in his politics, and a leading man in the com- munity. /•^ UGENE DAY, a well known and highly V^^ resjiected farmer of section 1, Pends- ville township, Stevens county, Minnesota, is a native of Menomonie, Wisconsin, i)orn November 1, 1857. lie is the son of Joseph and Eliza (McGary) Day. He received his education in a common school and in a rather limited way. He s|)ent eleven wintei"s in the pineries and at log driving. He came to Minnesota ]\Iay 22, 1870, and engaged at work near Donnelly. In the spring of 1886 he settled where he now lives, buying 160 acres of land, one-half of which he jiut into small grain and corn. j\[r. Day was married to Anna Gray, November 12, 1884, at Morris, Minnesota. By this union two children have been born — Josephene, born January 15, 1886, and Harrv> born September 16, 1887. I5y energy and tact our subject has made foi- himself, in this, his adopted State,a beautiful home, and seems well pleased with the future jirospectsof the State in which he lives. In politics !Mr. Day is a republican. •«"J^J^-«— - I^LEWELLYN DENNISON PERKINS, IBi^ ' one of tlie leading and representative farmers and stock-raisers of Stevens county, is a resident of section 19, Swan Lake town- ship. He was born in Franklin cf)unty, ]\Iaine, December 22, 1852, and is a son of Jonathan E. and Llannah (Judkins) Perkins. At the age of five years he moved with his father to Ped Wing. ]\[inncsota, and always lived at home, attending school and helping on the home farm. In the year 1875 our subject commenced the struggle of life for himself, and he at once came to Stevens county and bought 330 acres of land in Swan Lake township, on sections 19 and 30. It was almost wholly wild land, there being but thirty acres under cultivation. He paid s2.nnO for it. and has made it one of the finest farms in the county. On the 28th of March, 1878. ]Mr. Perkins was united in marriage to Jfiss Pert ha Ol- son, of Grant county, Minnesota. and (laugh- ter of Ole and Anna Olson. She was liorn December 12. 1855, and by her union to Mr. Perkins has been blessed with the billowing children— Charles, Orville. Hannah, Anna and George, all of whom are living at home. Mr. Perkins is a man of the strictest \mw)\- and integrity, highly esteemed by all who know him. He has taken an active and 504 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. prominent part in all matters jiertaining to educational or public affairs, and, while not seeking olTice, he has held various local posi- tions, such as supervisor, school treasurer, etc. In political matters as well as in per- sonal character and every day life, he is a prohibitionist. Mr. Perkins is one of the most successful farmers in the northern part of the count}', and is rated as one of the most substantial citizens of the township in which he lives. He devotes a great deal of attention tostock- raising, and has the largest herd of cattle in the town of Swan Lake. .■^^ ^^^^ >T:^TaNS OLE BORLED.a farmer, residing Xr \. in Scott township, was boi'n in Eisd- vold, Norway, October 22, 1823. lie re- mained with his parents until he was about twenty-eight years of age, and then for a nuiidjer of years was engaged in raih'oad work. In \%m he came to the LTnited States and lirst stopped in Fillmore county, Minne- sota. One year later he came to Stevens county, and settled upon a homestead in Scott township, where he has since lived. Mr. Borled was married, in 1859, to Carrie Johanna Olson, and they became the parents of the following children — Ole C, Paulina (deceased) ; Paulina, Corrin A. and Andreas. Our subject is a Lutheran in religion and a I'epublican in ])olitics. ^■^>- .^-..RVILL SEMANS, one of the oldest and ^^^i^ most highly respected settlers of Stevens county, is a resident of section 21. I'ejiperton. lie was born at Saratoga Springs, New Voi'k. January Ifi. 1827. and remnined at his birthplace until he was ten years of age. He then moved with his par- ents to Geauga count}', Ohio, and lived with them until he was sixteen years old, when he commenced life for himself by learning the joiner's and buihier's trade, at which he was an apprentice for a period of five years. He returned to his native city, Saratoga S})rings, in 1816, and worked at his trade in that place for a period of thirty-one years. In 1875 he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and took a Government claim on section 24, Pepper- ton township, where he has since remained. Mr. Semans was one of the earliest settlers in the township, there being no houses in sight, when he erected his residence. In the fall of 1875 he built a house, but shortly it was destroyed by fire. He was not discouraged, but erected another building, and June 29, 1877, this building was demolished by a western cyclone. The afternoon was sultry, the ail- stifling, and along about two o'clock those peculiar, twisting clouds, which so dis- tinguish the terrible storm they forebode, banked up in the heavens. Mr. Semans, realizino: the coming- danger, took refuge with his family in the cellar, and none too soon, for the storm was soon upon them. The awful wrecks which these storms produce need not be spoken of in this connection — they are known to all — and it is sufficient to say that all that remained of his once beauti- ful place was what could be picked up in fragments on the prairie. Again, Mr. Semans erected buildings, and now has a well-improved ('arm of 320 acres, 200 acres under culivation, with good residence and other buiJdino's nestled in a dense grove of his own planting. Mr. Semans was married in March, 1851, to Miss JFary Hare, of Herkimer county. New York, and they have been IJessed with the following children — Eureta (now J\lrs. Xoel) and Kate (now Mrs. Konchal), both of whom reside at Herman, Grant county, Minnesota, and one son, Fred, who is still at home. The subject of this article is a man of great STF.VfWS COUiVrV. Ar/.VXESOT.-I. 505 honor and integriU' and is highl\' esteemed l)y all wlio know liini. He takes an active interest in all [luhlic and educational matters, and was the first cliairinan of the hoard of supervisors in ids town, lie was here when the township was oi-ganized, in winch he took an active part in the same, and held a position on the hoard of su])ervisors for two years. i\rr. Scnians owns two i;ootl residenc(!S — ■ one in town, where he lives during the rigor- ous winters, and the otlier on tlie farm. In political matters Mr. Semans does not feel bound by the dictates of any part}', but is independent, voting for the best man rather than for creed. ,-^^ lOSEPH W. PUSHOR, a resident of Mor- ris township, Stevens county, now living on section 18, will form the subject of this l)iogra](hical sketch. He is a native of Pen- obscot county, Maine; was born Augusts, 1837. His parents were Peter and Ilannaii C. (Morse) Pushor, also natives of Maine. Up to the time Joseph W. was twenty-one years old he attended school and labored at times on his fatiiers fai'ui ; afterward he followed milling and farming, for himself. In 1872 he went to Minneapolis, and that winter woiked in the big woods, and in the spring went back to !Maine, remaining until fall, then, came back to Minnesota, stopping at the City of Minneapolis again, working at huni)ering there until 1881, and then went to Stevens county, where he claimeil a home- stead of eighty acres and went to farming, whci'e he now lives. Mr. Pushor was nuirried Jamuiry 12, 1S<>1, to Helen M. Ileald, who died in 1878. The fruits of this union were live children, all of whom are still living. Air. Pushor was mar- ried to ills second wife, in jS'ovember, I860 and she died in April, 1888, leaving five chil- dren, only one of whom is now living. Our subject is a re]>ublican in his political belief and a i)ublic-spirited man, bearing the highest esteem of all with whom he mingles. His earlv advantajies afforded him a good comnuju school education. He has passed through much famil}' trouble and sad bereave- ment, in the loss of two companions. By constant industry he now possesses a good home, in one of the; finest agricultural dis- tricts in the State of Alinnesota. He owns a valuable farm, with good ini|)rovements, con- taining 240 acres, and carries on an extensive grain and stock-growing business. In |)oliti- cal matters Mr. Pushor is a reinibliean. .««: «^> J^ERRY RATHBUN, one of Stevens J^ county's sturd}^ farmers, living on section 20, Horton township, was l)orn March 7, 1857, at Hesper, Fillmore county, Minnesota. Of his parentage little isknown, as he was taken by Dorr Rathbun, when only three months old. He lived with him in Fillmore county, Alinnesota, until he was twenty-nine yeai-s old. At the age of eleven years he moved, with his guardian, to Pope county. Minnesota, and remained with the family, receiving his education, priiicipally in Pope county. He was nuirried March 7, ISSfi, to Miss Eva M. Shaw, born in Dane county, Wis- consin, in 18G8. She is the daughter of John 11. and Mary A. < Harrington 1 Shaw. The father was born upon the ocean, and the mother in Illinois and is now living at Litch- lield, Minnesota. Their children were Kva, Phillip, John. Maud, and Kliza, Daniel (deceased), Phillip (deceased), and Angeline (deceased). Our subject and his wife are the jiarenls of two children— Viola C ami William P. 5o6 STF.VF.VS COUNTY, M/XXESOTA. In politics Mr. Rathbun is ii republican. He is a leading citizen, and has held several offices of public trust, such as school clei'k eight years, constable six years (in Pope county), etc. He came to his present place in 1887, locating on a quarter section of land. He carries on a paying farm and stock-growing business. Mr. Rathbun, to a large extent, secured his present start in life in the threshing business. He followed this occupation for about eight years in Pope county, and when he came to Stevens county, he sold his horse-power threshing machine, and has since devoted his attention exclusively to his farming interests. ^^. |.^''-i\ENNlS HENNESSY,a prominent farmer Jt^y of Darnen township, was born in Ireland in 1855. He remained there until sixteen years of age, when he -went to Wales and engaged as a workman in a rolling mill. After about four years at this service he crossed the ocean, came to Troy, New York, and there remained until 1875, then came to Stevens county, Minnesota. Here he took up his present farm of 160 acres on section 26, of Darnen township, and built a shanty, planted trees and did other work towards securing for himself a neat and pay- ing farm home. Like many another pio- neer, this man has jiassed a hard experience in many ways. The first year Mr. Ilennessy broke twenty acres, which the following year was put into a crop, and an additional twent\' acres broken up. The twenty acres cropped cost him $220, and from the same he realized $25.00, it having been destroyed by the grasshoppers. The next year he met with about the same trouble, but, full of hope. ami)ition and genuine pluck, he still re- nuiined steadfast on the land he had selected for his home; he kept on making improve- ments, so that now he is reaping his well earned reward, by being the possessor of a finely improved farm with a good and thrifty gi'ove of timber, which his own hands planted out when he first broke sod in the new Northwest. His farm has ample build- ings, and is well supplied with water both for domestic and stock purposes. Ever since the organization of the town- ship he has taken an active part in jiol- itics. He has served in tlie capacity of some township officer all but one year since the formation of the township. He was twice elected as supervisor, and is still holding that office. Mr. Henness}' was mari-ied, September 3, 1879, to Miss Margret Doherty, of Kandi- yohi county, who was born in "\Yatertown, Wisconsm. Her parents removed from that State in the earlj'^ historj^ of the county, coming here overland from Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Ilennessy have a family of four in- telligent children, as follows — John, ilichael, Dennis and Joseph. Mr. Ilennessy is a member of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division No. 1, of Stevens count v. ri^YMAN S. BURLING.4ME, oneof Stevens V^} county's most influential citizens, is residing on section 22, Eldorado township. lie is a native of Vermont, born in Benning- ton, April 29, 1833, and is a son of Lyman and Mahetable (Nurse) Burlingame, who were natives of the same State. Lyman re- mained at home with his parents until he was fifteen years of age, when he attended an academy until he was twenty years old, and then commenced life for himself by establishing a sash and door factor}' in Au- gusta, New York. He remained in this busi- ness for three years, when he went to Brook- lvn,New York,and worked in a sash and door STF.l'FAS COU.VrV, MINNESiOTA. factory for five years. Going from there to Rociiester, Xew York, he engaged in liis old occupation for another five years, and then came to Chicago, Illinois, where he secured the position of foreman in a similar factory, for Cobb, (4age ifc Comjiany, at wliiclv he was occupied until the war broke out. At tlie first signal of civil strife he went into the service with a construction corps, ascarpenter, and remained at this untd peace was restored. In 1866 he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and worked for about one }'car fen- AVlieaton & licnolds in his old business. The next five years fnuiul him employed in various establishments, the greater part of the time as a mill-wi'ight, after which he journej^ed to California. He remained in tiiat beautiful countiy for si.x months engaged as a car[)enter, and again went to Minneapolis, and after six months' sojourn in that ]ilace, returned to California, with his wife. Having secured the position of foreman for II. Barnes in a sash and door factory in that countr\% he and his wife re- mained there for the next two years. He soon had to return on account of his health, and after staying a short time in MinneapoHs, he came to Stevens county, and took aiiome- stead of eighty acres on section 22, Eldoratlo township, where his family have since re- mained. For the next three years he wcjrked at his trade in Fergus Falls, and I)as- sel, Minnesota, and various places in Dakota, staying in each j)lace only a short time. ]\Ir. llurlingame was married to ^liss Mar- garet L. Dixon, Novemijer 14, 1S.")2, and his estimable wife passed away to her reward October 2, 1S62, leaving her husband and three children to mourn her loss. The chil- dren were — Edwin, married to Miss Kate Klouston and now lives in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory ; Margaret A., is married to Mr. Baldwin and lives in Minneapolis; Frank is married and lives in Minneapolis. The marriage of our subject occurred the second time, March 4, 1876, to Mrs. Hanson, the widow of Levi Hanson, who died in the army, and by whom she had four children- Lucy (deceased), Ella (deceased), Laura and Roster. His second wife died January 4, 1886, and our subject was united in marriage the third time. Decendjer 1, 1SS7, to Mrs. Carrie Russel, the widow of Stephen Towle, by whom she had two children — Carrie and one deceased. In the fall of 1886 our subject lost twenty tons of hay l)y fii'e. and the same fall he lost his cro[) by hail. He is a re|n-e.sentative man of his townsliii), and has held all of the town- ship offices at various times. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic part}'. ^'!^^ARS RASMUSSON, came to Stevens '^ county , in 1874, and settled on section 10 of Hodges township. He now owns a fine farm and holds the respect of all who know him. He was born in Norway, January 1, 1851. His parents were Rasmus and ^lartlia (Jorg- en) Larson, who came to the United States in 1862, being nearly three months coming over the ocean. They landed at Quebec, Canada, and from there went to Wisconsin, wliere they remained a short time, and then went to Goodhue county, Minnesota. They bought land, and are still living there on their farm. Our subject, Lars Rasmusson. came from Goodhue to Stevens county, taking u]) a homestead of 160 acres in Hodges townshiji on the shores of Long Lake, a pretty water sheet, which affords splendid fishing. The familv of which he was a son were the fol- lowing named — Jfary. Lars. George, Ida, Toreva, Caroline and Ole. All are residents of Minnesota. George is in business in Stevens county. Lars, our subject, spent his school days in 5o8 STEVE.VS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. Norway and (Toodhue county, Minnesota, and worked out until he came to his present place. Mr. Rasmusson was mai'ried in October, 1874, to Miss JacobenaChristoplierson, a na- tive of Norway, who came to America in 1873. Mr. and ifrs. Rasmusson have six children — Martina. Rasmus, Cena, Christian, Eda and Laura — all living at home. In politics Mr. Rasmusson is a republican, and has been elected to the office of road- muster over district No. 5. In his religious belief and profession he is a Lutiieran. LIGENE W. RANDALL, the former editor and ])ropi'ietor of the Morris Trihnne. is now engaged in farming on sec- tion -29, Darnen township. He was born in Winona, Minnesota, January 1, 1859, and is the son of Albert D. and Maria (Jayne) Randall. His paternal ancestors were among the earliest settlers on Long Island, New Tork, and were the possessors of a grant from tiie king to a part of that isle. The Jaynes date their descent to some of that name who were enrolled among the pass- engers on l)oard the historic " Mayflower," that landed on the bleak New England coast in December, 1620, and there planted the seeds of civil and religious liberty that were the source of our national independence. Both of his parents were natives of New York, the father of Suffolk countv, and the mother of Kings. The father of the subject of this sketch brought his family to Minnesota in 1855, and made his home in Winona until 1859, when he removed to Louisiana, but shortly after his arrival there he \v;is taken sick and died, and his disconsolate widow and her orphaned cliihlren returned to Winona county, Minnesota. Eugene was reared upon a farm, and di'ew his pi-iniary education from the district schools of that locality. At the age of sixteen he went to St. Charles, and there attended the High School for a short time. Failing health compelled his return to the maternal roof, much against his wishes, for he had high ambitions. Dur- ing the next fall he taught the school in the district in which he lived, and. after tlie term was over, entered the Normal School at Winona, where he remained until graduation, in 1879. In the latter part of that year he came to Stevens countv, and for a time, in accordance ^vith the advice of his physician, followed out-door labor. Dur- ing the winter of 1879-80 he taught a winter term of school in the county, and in the following spring, having regained his health, he entered upon his duties as principal of the public schools of Morris. This trying and arduous position he held for two years, and in that time raised the school from an ordinary village institution to the i-equisite grade to bring it under the requirements necessary to become a State high school, and entitle it to the annual allowance of §;400 made by the State to all those coming \\\> to a certain standard. It is due, to a very large extent, to Mr. Randall and his efforts that Morris has so excellent educa- tional institutions, and the community give him the credit. When he first presented his resignation, as he wished to take cliarge of the Tribune, which he had yiurchased, the board would not listen to it a moment, but were finally prevailed upon to accept it, as he felt that he could do more for the community in the editorial chair. After taking charge of the Trihune, Mr. Randall materially improved it, both editor- ially and mechanically, until it became one of the best journals in this ]iortion of the State. It was formerly what is known as a "patent inside" paper, but under his hands it grew to be an all-at-home-printed paper and entirely local in its make-up. In 1888 STF.Vr-:XS COUf^TY, AfmNESOTA. 500 Mr. llandall sold out. and is now residing ujion his farm. Mr. Randall and Miss Dora Stone were united in marriage, Mai'ch 16, 1S82, and they have a family of three children — Clarence, Ward and Frank. Mrs. llandall is the daughter of lion. IT. W. Stone, of Stevens county, and is a native of ^linncsota. The subject of our sketch is a member of the various Masonic lodges of Morris, also of the AVorknuMi and of the Select Knights. |VbRAHAM W. WHEELOCK, an intclli- r-'NjL gent and successful farmer, located on section 34, Moore township, Stevens count\% is a native of Xova Scotia, born in that j)rovince, June 1, 1838. His parents were named Joseph and Mercy (Whitman) Whee- lock, both of whom died in the land in which they were reared — Xova Scotia. They were the parents of eleven children, ^f r. Wlieelock, of whom we speak in this sketch, being the third born to them. His younger years were s])ent in gaining an education in Annapolis county. Nova Scotia. lie received a good practical education, and at the age of eighteen years, he left the school room and departei he removed to ]\Iiuneapolis, ami was there en- gaged in railroad work until fall. In the early winter he went to Denver, Colorado, and in that i)lace and vicinity he found em- ployment until January', 1882, when he went to Chicago, Illinois, to meet Miss Louisa Olivia Larson, \\\^fiancc'e from the old coun- tiy, to whom he was united in marriage, June Ifi, 1SS3. On meeting the lady he took her to St. Paul, where he left her and came to Domu'Iiy, bought 200 aci'os of railroad land and took a tree claim of forty acres more. lie went to work on the railroad construction near Mori'is and continued in that employment until fall. lie was then transferred to Hudson, Wisconsin, and acted as baggage master here until July, 1883, when he came to this count}' and settled on his farm, where he has been ever since. Mrs. Anderson is a native of Sweden, born December 11, 1857, and is the daughter of John and Ella Larson. Ey their union ]\Ir. and ]Mrs. Anderson are the parents of two children — Agnes Emily, born June 6, 18S4, and Elmer Oscar, born Februar\' 18, 18S8. The subject of this memoir is a prohibi- tionist in his politics, and has held the offices of town suporvisoi' and school director and treasurer. He is a membei- of the prohibi- tion club of Morris and an inlluential citizen of the comraunitv in which he resides. %^^^ ^«^ BOCTOR H. L. HULBURD, a successful pi'actitioner in Mori-is, is a native of St. Lawrence county, New York, born in 1^51. lie entered Lawrenceville Academy and graduated in IhG'J. lie then entered Oberlin College, and. aftei- remaining thi-re two years, entered Long Island College Hos- pital, Brooklyn, New York, graduating in 18"."). Immediately after graduating lie moved to Prescott, Wisconsin, where he opened an office, and after practicing for two years he moved to Morris, Minnesota, and has since been engaged in his profession. He has held the office of coroner, and attended to the county work. He is a mend^erof the Masonic fraternity, also a mendjer of the Congregational Church. "«►> #3HN G. HVII.E. one ol the prominent and representative farmers of Stevens county, resides on section 28, Framiias town- ship, where he has a well cultivattjd farm of 160 acres. He is of Scandinavian birth and parentiige, having l)een i)orn in Norway, February 21, 18-17, and is the son of Gunnuf J. and Betsey (BiJen) H vile. He was reared in the land of his nativity until 1859, when he was brought to the United States by his parents, and the family after landing at Quebec, Canada, came to ilinncsota and set- tled in Fillmore county. The father of our subject there bought a farm and upon that the family resided until the dcatli of the father, in 1860. In 1871 the subject of this sketch came to Stevens county and took a preemption of 160 acres of land, upon which he renuiined about two \'ears, and then ti'aded it for the old farm in Fillmore county, where his youth was passed. On going to the latter place he sold out there and returned to Stev- ens county and homesteaded tiie place where he now lives, and has been engaged in farm- ing there ever since. One year a cyclone swej)t over the county and denujlished liis stable and granary, and partially lifted his house from its foundation, fortunately not hurting any of the family. He lost one crop by a liail storm, but has, otiierwise, met with considcrai)le success in this part of the State. Mr. Hvile was nuirried Janiiarv 25, ls74, to Mi.ss Lena Hoken.son Barnstad, wiio died April 10, 1887, leaving four children— Gina STEVEXS COUNTY, MIXNESOTA. A., born July 29, 1879; Mena A., born Octo- ber 11, 1881; Ililfred B., born November 4, 1884; and Jolin L., born April 10. ISST, died July 31, 1887. Mr. llvile is a prominent and active mem- ber of the LutJieran Ciiurch, is one of the trustees of tliat cono'reg-ation and one of the building committee. He is also one of the executive committee of the Farmer's Alliance of the to\vnshi]i. In his politics he is a re- l)ublican, and is one of the board of supervi- sors of the town of Framnas, and has served as commissioner of highways and school di- rector for a number of years. He is a strong advocate of the temperance movement, and- foremost in all woi'k of a moral or religious tendency, antl has the resjiect and esteem of all in the comnmnitv. ^^EORGE MATTESON. one of Stevens county's prominent farmer citizens, living on section 34, of Horton township, is a native of New York, born in Otsego county, at the town of AVest Exeter, Janu- aiy IT), 1826. His parents were Smith and Hannah (Berger) Mattesou. The parents lived and died in New York. The father was a farmer and carpenter. Their family of nine chihh-en were as follows — Delos, Zil- plia, Mary, Catharine, Hannah, Josiah, George, Lorin '?^^"»— ^MlBRAHAM lee, who is one of the pros- J^^ jierons and highly esteemed farmers of Stevens county, is pleasantly located on section 2. Ilodges township. It is the chief aim. in the authorship of a work of this sort to give as much as possible of personal his- tory of the person written about, together with that concerning his or her family, as it will be of much interest to those who may come after us to read and know of what the ])receding generation have accomplished in life both publicly and privately. Mr. Lee was born at Sondre Urtlal \'ald- ers, Norway, August 18, 1844, his parents, (Gilbert and JIary Lee, being also natives of that country, and are now living there upon their old homestead. They were the parents of eleven children — seven sons and four daughters, all grown to years of manhood and womanhood. Their names were — Gil- bert, Ai)raham. Iver, Andrew, IIoLsten. Ole, ^[artin. Inger, IJetsy, Carrie and Alary. ( )ur subject spent the first sixteen years of his life, about the same as other vigorous vouth of .Norway have. Ileattended school an, he was elected as director of school disti'ict Xo. 2'J, and is still holding the same in an acceptable manner. -^•^ John HADLER, an energetic and suc- ^ cessful farmer, who has his home on section 18, Framnas township,was born in Germany, September 5, 1S41, and is the son of Jacob and ]\Iary (Bartels) Iladler. He was reared and educated in the land of his birth and made his home in that country un- til 1867, when, with a view to the better- ment of his fortune, and in search of the chance to raise his condition in life, not prac- ticable in his native home, he crossed the ocean to the United States. On landing in Xew York, he came at once westward, and located in (Toodhiie county, ilinnesota, where he went to work on a farm. After remain- ing in that part of the State some ten years, he came to Stevens county, and, under the homestean in connection with that of his father, and at the same time worked in the hitter's saw-mill. In the year 1869 our subject crossed the ocean to the United States to ameliorate his condition in life, and located in St. Paul, ]\Iinnesota. He went to work for the St. Paul, Minneapohs it ^[anitoba Railroad Company, and assisted in the construction of the road from the river to Donnelly. He next went to Pembina, and there was em- ployed in the same line of work for one fall, and after that went to Moorhead. In the latter place the woi'k did not last long, and after a short time spent there and in Glyn- don he came back to this county and was engaged in trapping, working for various farmers and other employments until the spring of 1874. He then took up as a home- stead eighty acres of land on section 24, Donnelly township, where he has lived evei- since. He has a neat frame residence and excellent out-buildings, and has some sixty acres under cultivation. Mr. Erickson was married in August, 516 STEJ'EXS COU.VTV, M/.V.YESOTA. 1873, to Mrs. Ingra (Hansdatter) Kildren, and by their union they iiave one cliild — Edward, who was born September 21, 1875. Mrs. Erickson, was, at tlie time of her mar- riage, the widow of John Kildren, by whom she iiad one son — Jolm, born Februai'y 13, 1864. Mr. Erickson is a republican in iiis politics, and has held the office of constable in the town for one term. He and his wife ai'e members of the Lutheran Church, and are exemplary Christian people. He is one of the enterprising men of the town, and spares no effort in any work that seems for the bene- fit of the community in which he resides or for tiie cause of religion or moralit}'. ■^-S^J^- AMUEL D. HEATH, whose fine farm liome is situated on section 32, Morris townsliip, Stevens county, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Crawford county, of tiiat State, April 10, 1834. His parents were Samuel and Mary (Dean) Heath, natives of the same State, both of whom are now deceased. Their forepareuts came from Scotland. Samuel D. lleatli, whose name heads this article, left home in 1854, and went to Kane countVr Illinois, wiiere he worked on a farm for two years, and from there went to Red Wing, Minnesota, in October, 1856. He teamed for a short time, then preempted a piece of land and went to farming for him- self. He remained there until 1875, when he moved to the township in which he now lives, purchasing his present place of 160 acres, upon which he raised the first peaclies ever produced in Northern Minnesota, if not the first grown in the State. The fruit was exhibited to the writer of this sketch and looked fair and ])himp ; the trees also present a fine thrifty look. Mr. Heath was married in 1862. to Cathar- ine Dorsey, who died May 23, 1866. There was one son by this marriage — Norris R. For his second wife our subject married Fanny Simmons, in 1874. Politically Mi'. Heath is a rei)ublican. With all the shifting scenes of life, lie lias kept true and faithful his integrity, and to-day has the respect of a large circle of friends, who prize him for his upriglitness, and respect him as an exemplary citizen. #EORGE BEGGS, a prominent and successful farmer, on section 2, Moore tow'nship, Stevens county, is a native of Windham, Greene county, New York. He was born December 8, 1834, and his parents, both natives of Scotland, were named Wil- liam and Isabelle (Allen) Peggs. The\' married in Scotland and came to this country at an early day — about 1832. They first located at Windham, Greene count\'. New Yoi'k, where they remained but a sliort time, and tlien moved to Lexington, of the same county. They remained there for fifteen years, after which they again moved — this time going to Schoharie county. New Yoi'k, where they spent the remainder of their days. The father died about 1871, at the age of seventy years. The mother dicil in 1887, aged eighty-six years. They both belonged to the Paptist Church. Their family consisted of six children, who reached the age of maturity — James, Jane, John, George, William and Levi. Jane and John are now deceased. Our subject — George Peggs — spent his younger days at school in Greene and Schoharie counties, New York, finishing his education at Lexington, at the age of eighteen years. After he left school he engaged in farming, following the same until he came West, sto])ping for seven years in Goodhue county, Minnesota, STEVEA/S COUjVTY, aMINNESOTA. 5'7 but in the fall of 1875, came to Stevens county and located on his present premises, in Moore townsliip, where he has been suc- cessfull}^ engaged at fanning and stock- I'aising. He took up a homestead of 160 acres, and by untii'ing energy has lived to see the same transfoi'mcd from an unbroken pi'airie [ilain, into one i>t' tin; liiiest farms within Stevens county. \\^ has an excellent gi'ovo about his fai'in house, which lends a charm to tiie ]iremises, and at the same time affoi'iis a cooling shade at mid-snmmcr, as well as a great protection against the wintry blasts of a long, cold, winter season. Mr. Beggs was married, Xovember 7, 18(56. to Miss Addie Sutherland, a native of Greene county, New York, who was born June 28, 1845. She is the daughter of Betiiel and Emily (Blish) Sutherland, who were also natives of New York. They removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1870, where they are still living. lie is a railroad and bi'idge contractor. They were married in Stanford, New York, and are the jjarents of three children — Adeline, Flora, and liattie, all now living. i\[rs. Beggs received her eiluca- O DO tion in New Yoi'k. Their children are Lillian and Emily V. They mourn the loss of a son — Bertie, wiio died at the age of three months. Our subject Ijelongs to the |)rohibition ])arty,and isamemberof the Baptist Church: also is a member of the Sons of Temperance order. He and iiis family are among Stevens county's most highly esteemed residents. I natives of Germany and Switzerland, re- \ spectively. The father came to this country I and settled in Washington county, '^[inne- sota, being one of tlie earliest settlers in that region of the country. Our subject remained with his parents until he was twenty-Hve years of age, at which time he came to Stevens county, Minnesota, and bought one- half of section 33, Pep)>erton townsliip, wiiere he still lives. His early life was si)ent in the excellent common-schools of his native State, and in 1873, he entered the St. C'roi.x Valley Academy, at Afton, iEinnesota, and renudned there some six or seven terms. After his settlement on his claim, he did not nuike it his permanent I'esidence, but worked on it only in the summer, until 1884. In the spring of 1884, he was united in marriage to Miss Ella Blage, of I'epperlon, Minnesota, and they have been l)lessed with two children — Theodore F. and William G. Mr. Rentz is a man of the utmost integ- rity and honor, and has always taken an act- ive interest in all public and educational en- terpi'ises. lie has held the numerous offices of the township, including town clerk, jus- tice of the peace and school director. He has one of the most beautiful farms in his section of the county, comprising 320 iicres, 140 acres being under cultivation. He has elegant, substantial buildings, and all the necessary implements of husijandry. lleand his family are exemplary members of tiie Methodist Church. RED J. RENTZ, an energetic and pros, perous agriculturist of Stevens county, is a resident of section 33, Pei^perton town- sliij). He is a native of ilinnesota, born at Stillwater, October 14, 1854, and is a son of Fred and Susan llentz. The parents were '«" «»► l^URTON J. SMITH, one of the tiior- JLJ j ) ough going fanners of Morris town- ship, Stevens county, living on section 32. is a native of Vermont, born December 1!*, 1848. His parents were George and Flora (Rogers) Suntli, who were also botii natives of Vermont. The son left that State in 18.".5, with bis parents, who moved West, settling 5IS STEVEXS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. at Aurora, Illiiiuis, where thev followed farming until 187(5, then went to Michigan, in which State he stayed until 1881, at which time he came to ^[innesota. His father, having come the year before, was then at Ortonville. Our subject remained at that place until July, 1882, then came to Morris, where he took charge of the Wellington farm for live years, being the foreman. He then jnirchased 100 acres of land,u]ion which he now lives, having since purchased iin additional eighty. Mr. Smith was married July 7, 1881, to InezTlionilin. In' whom one child was born — Teddy, who died, April 9, 1888, at the age of six years and inne months. In political belief Mr. Smith is a repub- lican. Like nearly all the natives of the '■ Green Mountain State," our subject is a wide-awake, enterprising man, and is re- gai'ded as one of the most substantial and re- liable farmers in the township in whicli he lives. F'NGEL LING, a pi'osperous and prominent IL farmer of Eldorado township, is a resi- dent of section 24. lie was born in the northern part of Sweden, March 7, 1857, and is the son of Jonas and Ingra (Ingleson) Larson, who wei'e natives of the same king- dom. He lived with his parents on the home farm until 1881, when he came to the United States and settled in Henry county, Illinois, where he worked for one year in the coal mines. He then came to Donnell\', Minne- sota, whei-e he remained one year, working on the railroad. He llien bought a quarter of section 24, Eldorado township, Stevens county, where he has since remained. He has a valuable farm of 160 acres, fifty- three acres being under cultivation. He has quite a number of cattle, three horses and two colts, eleven head of cattle and a comfortable house, and is rated as one of the most sub- stantial farmers in his township. He is a man of the utmost integrity and honor, and is highl}- esteemed by all who know him. He has held the office of road overseer for two years, and takes an active interest in all local affairs. Mr. Ling was married August 23, 1881, to Sliss Christiana Larson, daughter of Lars and Ingra (Olson) Danielson. Tliis union has been blessed with the following children — Anna Amelia, born September 16, 1884; and Ida Christiana, born January 31, 1886. In pcjlitical matters our subject atliliates with the republican party. ^-'6 J^t ANS LARSON, one of the enterprising -L'^QL Scandinavian farmers of the town of Donnelly, living on section 2, is the son of Lars and Ingi'a Olson, and was born in the southern part of Norway, near Christiania, October 14, 1841. He was reared in the land of his birth and there remained until 1871, engaged in work on the farm in the summer months and in the woods in the winter. In the latter year he left his native land and sailed for America, and after land- ing came directly to Minnesota and Stevens county. The railroad was only finished as far as Benson, and he was compelled to walk the entire distance from that place to Don- nelly. For three years he found work on the railroad construction, except one year sjient in the lumber woods of Otter Tail county. In the spring of 1874, he took up a homestead of eighty acres of land on section 2, Donnel- ly township, where he now resides. He and his partner, Hans Olson, took up adjoining claims and built a snnill frame shanty, and there they kept house. They broke up about fourteen acres that year and got in tlieir grain, but the grasshoppers gathered it for him, as they did the succeeding year. He STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. 5'9 and Mr. Olson remained in compan)'^ fornine years. He has had but one good crop since coming to tiiiscount}^ and that was pai-tially destroyed b\' hail. He lias had mucli had hick, losing horses to the value of $700, machinery to the amount of §.500. besides cattle and grain. Mr. Larson was married, April 20, 1881, to ^riss Henrietta Olson, who died in the fall of 1SS3. On the .5th of July. ISSfi, he was united in iiiarriiigc with Miss Olena Graflf, the daughter of ilicliael and Andrea (Olson) Gratr, and by this union is'the father of one child — Ludwig, born A]>ril S, 1887. Mr. Larson is a member of the Evangeli- cal Lutheran Church and a zealous Christian. He is a republican in- his political creed and is a staunch adherent to the principles of that party. T^^ICHAEL FITZGERALD, a fanner of Ji>^l7\^ prominence,! bearing the respect of all his neighbors, is now a resident of section 30, Hodges township, Stevens county, Min- nesota. He is a man of large and varied ex- perience, and one who is practical in all his life work. He was i)orn in County Cork, Ireland, in March, IS-il. His father was John Fitzgerald and his mother Margret (Collins) Fitzgerald. The fathei' died first, and after al)c)ut twenty years the mother followed. They were devout Roman Catholics, and very highly esteemed ))eople. He was a farmer and laborer during his entire life. Of the children, eight in numi)er, only four are now living — Ellen. Kate. Ilanoia and Michael. Our subject spent his sclnxil days in Ire- land, coming to this country in lst;4. landing at Castle Garden, Is'ew York ('ity. From there he came to Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he remained for six months, and then went to Michigan, where he worked for nine months. He then came i)ack to Wisconsin, remained for a time and then came to ilin- neapolis, where he lived about nine years, engaged in railroad work. His next removal was to Stevens county, locating as above described, on a homestead, containing IfiO aci-es. He has purchased since, enough to make him a farm of ;{u(» acres, all in sections 30 and 31, Hodges township. He is a good farmer, and makes a sjjecialty of raising fine blooded stock. Mr. Fitzgerald was married to ifiss Julia Tlierdon. daughter of Eugene Kierdon, in Mai-ch, 1876. His wife was the eldest of the famil}'^ of several children, belonging to her parents, and was born in Ireland, coming to America with her brother. They have been blessed with seven children — Margaret, John. Mary, William, ^lichael, Eugene and David, all of whom are still at home with their parents. In his politics our subject is a democrat, but is a man. in politics as everything else, who uses the power of a good judgment and j only belives in party, because such party ad- I vocates his convictions and political princi- ples. He has held the office of school direc- tor of district No. (5, since 1885, having al- ways taken an active interest in all public ! and educational alTairs. Relieiouslv Mi'. Fitzgerald is a lloman Catholic. PETER MADER, one of the prominent farmers of Stevens county, living on section 2, Everglade township, was born in the beautiful and pictuicscpie Grand Duchy of Wurfemburg. Germany, February 21, 1828, and is a .son of Anton and Gunfafa (Steadley) Mader. lioth of his parents were 520 STEVFNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. natives of tliat part of tlie fatherland, and lived and died among its liold mountains and lovely valleys. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in the land of his birth, and ma' our subject believes in the prin- ciples sustained by the democratic party. In his religion he is of the Roman Catholic faith. JOHN ANDERSON, a farmer of section •!> Rendsville township, is a native of Sweden, born November 6, 1843, and is a son of Andrew and Bergetta (Olson) Nelson. He worked on his father's farm, and received a common education. In 1881 he came to the United States, landing in New York City. After landing he came to Michigan, where he remained four j'ears, working in a lumber mill. He tlien came to Minnesota in 1885, and settled on his present place in 1887, having been in Grant county during the interval. Mr. Anderson was married to Eleanor Nelson, in April, 186C, by which union eight children have been born, two of whom are deceased. He and his family are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. In political matters he is a democrat. lOHN MANGEN, who lives on section 28, town of Darnen, was born in Ire- land in 1838. At the age of twenty-two he engaged in the grocery business. He mar- ried at the age of twenty-six, and remained in trade until 1871, when he came to this sr/CVEXS COU.VTV. M/XXESOT.I. 523 country. After remaining a few days in New York, wiiere he landed, he came to Minnesota, and located in Tvamsey county. After being engaged in various kinds of work and losing his first wife, he went to St. Paul, where he was married a second time. Tiien lie came to Morris, Stevens county, and took a homestead of eighty acres. Subsequently he Ijouglit an adjoin- inff eie:ht\' acres, which now makt^ him KIO with 100 under cultivation. He takes an active interest in town and school matters. -i^J^"«^* ^''■"^^ K. LIGHT, who now lives on section 2<'>, Mori-is township, Stevens county, is a native of I'ennsylvania, born near Ilar- risburg, December 2, ISli. He came West in 1S67, his objective point being Minnesota. In the month of June. 18 •S€^"» M DOLPH TRANTOW. a resident of sec- 2f-^^ tion 10. Swan Lake township. Stevens countv, was born in Prussia. April 3n, 1842. He attended school until fourteen years of a"-e, when he worked in his father's mill for two vears. after which he attended sciiool in order to acquire the farm inspector's duties. 524 STEVENS COUNTY. MINNESOTA. He gained the position, and until 1SG9 he was engaged i)rinci})aily in this, serving in the army some of the time. In May, 1869, he immigrated to the United States, and for several months was in Iowa working on a farm. He soon afterward came to Pope county,' Minnesota, and after trap])ing dur- ing the next winter settled on his present farm. Mr. Trantow was married to Miss Putzke, by \vl]()m were born six children, three of wliom are living. They are members of the Lutheran Church, and in jwlitical matters he is a republican. [OHN WILLIAM BANGLE, was born in ^lassena, St. Lawrence county, New York, October 30, 1843. He was limited to a common school education. In July, 1SC2, he enlisted in Company F, One-Huudred-and- Sixth New York Infantry. As a soldier he made a good record, and was honorably discharged July 16, 1865. After a varied career and moving from point to point, he came in June, 1885, to Eendsville town- ship, Stevens county, where he bought 16-i acres of land on section 2. Here he has since remained. Our subject on August 22, 1875, married Amelia Dignass, a native of Le Seuer county. Mr. and Mrs. Bangle are blessed with a family of eight children. Mr. Bangle now draws a ])ension of $10 per month. He takes an active interest in local affairs, and holds the offices of justice of the peace and school clerk. ^ENRY HEUER, is a prominent citizen of Stevens county, and is engaged in agricultural pursuits on section IS, of Pepper- ton township. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, September 25, 1857, and at the age of about eighteen months his parents moved to Madison county, Illinois, and his father bought 320 acres of land near Doi'sey, where they remained until the father's death. The mother died in the fall of 1882, and tiie father some years ])revious. Tliey had a family of nine children, all of whom are living, and our subject is tiie oldest boy and the second child. He remained in Madison county, Illinois, with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he started in life for himself. He spent some months in travelinj;- throug-h Iowa, looking- up a ])lace to settle, and then came to St. Paul. Minnesota, and after remaining there for one month he came to Stevens county, and first stopped in Morris. He bought 180 acres on section 17, from the I'ailroad com- pany, and in the fall returned to his old home, where he remained during the winter, and in the following spring he ]5urchased the necessary implements of husbanchy and returned. He then took a tree claim of 180 acres on section 18, and has since remained there. He has a good farm of 320 acres, 150 acres under cultivation and has substantial building im])rovements. He takes an active interest in all local affairs and has held the various offices of his town- ship, including chairman of the boai'd of supervisors, etc., etc. He lias been jjromi- nently identified with the official history of the township in which he lives, and is highly i'es|)ected in his community, both as a neigh- bor and an exemplary citizen. .««; fDHN HADDEN, one of Stevens county's prominent and thrifty farmei's, lives on section IL Moore township. He is a native of Ireland, but of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born in County Armagh, January 6, 1838, and is the son of Richard anil Susan (Pennington) Hadden, who were also natives STEVENS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. of Ireland. They visited tliis country in 1873, I'eiiiained some time and tiion returned. The father luis since died. Tiieir family consisted of nine cliildren, tlirec of wiioni died in tlieir infancy. Joiin and Henry (twins), I)avi(.l, liiciuird, James and Anna are tlie names of those living. Our subject, John lladden, spent his school days in Ireland ; at the age of thirteen he left school and worked on his fathers farm, until lie was sixteen years old, wiien he en- listed in the Is inety-seventh Earl of Ulster's Kegiment, going in October 22, 1855, serv- ing during the latter part of the Crimean "War, and Sepoy liebellion in the East Indies, until isti". lie was quarterma.ster ser- geant, color sergeant and pa\'master of his company. After iiis discharge, Xovember 17, lSf)7, lie went back to Ireland, and Jan- uary 9, 1868, married Miss Esther Edwards, a native of Wales, born July -1, 1847. Her parents were David and Marian (Archer) Edwards, who were the jiarents of four children — John T. born August 25, 18-t-3, George A., born September 17, 1845; Esther, born July 4, 1847, and James "W., born March 17, 1840. The latter named ^ied in early childiiood. Mrs. lladden was educated in Armagh county, Ireland, leaving school at seventeen years of age. After their marriage Mr. and Mi's. lladden came to Halifax, Nova Scotia, remained there a few months, and went to Portland, Maine, then to Illinois, remaining in the latter State for about five years, and from there they re- moved to New York, whei'e he worked for Colgate ct Company, soap manufacturoi's. After a service of six years tiiere at handling grease, tallow, oils etc., and an engagement of two years ('])revious to this six year.s' resi- dence in New York) with J. K. Thompson ife Corai)any's Steel Works, at Jei-sey City, Mr. lladden came to ^Finm^sota, locating on sec- tion 22, Moore townshij). He liought 160 acres of land there, also 160 acres on section 23, and Kio acres on section 14, Moore town- ship, which constitute his ])resent farm, upon which he raises line blooded stock. He has a most excellent blooded bull, the fift of J. J. Hill, president of the great Manitoba Rail- way system, ilr. lladden also carries on general farming, and is rated as one of the most solid and substantial fanners in the county. Mr. and Mr.s. lladden are the parents ol' seven children — Robert Aclieson, born December 8, 1868; John David, born April 26, 1871; Esther Anna, born July ;^1. 1873; Walter James, born November 24. 1874 (deceased April 25, 1880); Oeorge Edward, born February 6, 1877; Richard Henry, born June 14,1879 (deceased April 25, 1880); Caroline Stewart, born K\n\\ 9, 1882, died October 25, 1886. Politically our subject is a republican. He has often held local offices, includino-that of township clei'k, being elected in Marcii, 1887, and is still holding the olKce. He has also been justice of the i)eace. He stands high among the people of Stevens county, and has ever been alive to the best interests of the citizens of Moore township, in which he lives. He belongs to the Methodist Epis- copal Church, of which he is a faithful mem- ber. He is also an lionored member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Sons of Temp- erance lodjre. ill!' l>resent -«"JSt^> ^Iji^HOMAS THOMASSON, \JL deputy clerk of tiie court of Stevens county, came to that county July 1, 1867, being one of the first settlei"s. \\o came from Green county, Wisconsin, with an ox team, and was some six weeks in traveling tlie4etition for a postofRce was drawn u|). Ijest(jwing the office of postmaster upon Mr. Thomasson. He continued to hold the office until 1870, when he resigned. Mr. Thomasson remained on his farm until the fall of 1878, when he sold out and bought some property in Morri.s, but soon after took a farm in Franinas township. In 1883 he made a journey to Washington Teii'itory, re- maining there some few months, and then returning to ]Morris, where he engaged at the carpenter's tratle, and in July, 1885, was ap- pointed deputy clerk of the court, which position he has since held. T^i^lLO CAMP, a prosperous farmer of _^^ir^ Stevens county, living on his farm on section 16, of Scott township, is the son of Milo and Sarah (Northrup) Camp ; he was born at Sinclairville, Chautauqua county. New York, Januai-y 6, 1853. "When he was about three years old, his })eople came to Minneapolis, Minnesota, that being in 1856; they remained one year, and then moved to Swan Iliver, Morrison county, Minnesota, settling on a heavy timber land farm. Dur- ing the winter of 1859 — 60, there were 300 Indians in sight all wintei'. Milo re- mained there with his parents until he was twenty years of age, seeing some poverty stricken hard times, dui'in<>' those long. dreary 3'ears. He and his brother picked up potatoes from the Government barracks that had been thrown out by soldiers, and they used them for seed the following season. From seven bushels they raised over 300 bushels, without even plowing the land which produced them. They planted the seed with a hoe and an ax, between stumps and brush. The family were there at the time of the Indian trouble, and remained until the savages were within a few miles of the place. They had been warned of the impending danger, and finally ordered by the military officers to leave and take refuge at the barracks at the towns of Little Falls, where the\' remained about three months. After this trouble had subsided, they went back and lived on the farm, until 1873. At this time our subject went away to work for himself, going into a saAV mill, summer time, and attending school in the winter In the spring of 1879, he started in on a course at Carleton College, but after attending one year, his health failed him, causing him to leave school. He then went to Big Stone county, Minnesota, at a time when there was only one house in Brown's Valley. After he had paid for filing on a claim, he had but five dollars left. But he steadily kept press- ing onward, and sold his coat and a few things of personal effects, with which he paid for breaking ten acres. He then worked out by the month, at Morris and other points, as well as working three winters in the pineries, whereb}' he earned enough to buy a voke of oxen. He then went to his land, and com- menced to improve the same, keeping " bachelors' hall" for five years. He changed his "single blessedness" state December 24, 1883, by marrying Mary Harriett Bowers, a native of Wisconsin. Their union has been blessed by the birth of the following named children — Elverna, born September 22, 1884; George Wilson, born April 17, 1886 ; and Sarah, born August 27, 1888. Mrs. Camp was a teacher and dressmaker prior to her marriage. Our subject does a large farming business ana raises much fine stock. He has come to be a large land owner, possessing 598 acres in Scott township, a quarter section, in Big Stone county and an equal amount in Stearns county. He has 300 acres which he has in I STF.VFXS COUA'TY, ,V/XXF.SOT.i. 527 crops and 100 acres of tame grass land. He now has thirty-three head of horses and ninety licad of cattle, including- thorouo-hhred and grades ; also Shorl-iioriis and Diirlianis. During the season of 188S he placed upward of 100 tons of tame liay witiiin liis liarn. The iin])roveinents about iiis place an; beau- tiful indeed, lie having a hiindsonie resi- dence, situated on Clear Lake. Mr. Canij) is a uiendK'r, in gvjod standing, of the Golden Sheaf Lodge, No. 133, An- cient, Free and Accepted ^fasons, at Morris, Minnesota. He has been closely identilied with the settlement and growth of Stevens county ; he has held many local offices, in- chuling township supervisor, road-master, etc. In 1888 he was nominated by tiie pro- hibition party, for county commissionei', and afterward endorsed by tiie republicans. Before concluding this biograi)iMcal sketch of a truly worthy gentleman, it is well to speak of a few other facts connected with ^Ir. Camp and his family connections, etc. lie has traveled very extensively, having gone all over Dakota, alone and through bands of Indians. lie has gone for weeks witii nothing for diet Ijut salt pork, bread ami tea. He was then traveling intlie inter- ests of the Nortiiern Pacific Railway Com- pany. He is a brother of the wealth}^ Major G. A. Camp, of Minnea])olis. He lias a brother Merlin, living in Hennepin county, at Parker's Lake. A sister, Mrs. Hicks, lives near St. Cloud. Another sister, Cornelia A., married J. L. Hall, and now lives in Denver, Colorado, a widow. Mr. Camp's parents are l)otli dead; the father died in 1873, and tiie mother in 1870. Mrs. Camp's father lives on a farm in Big Stone county ; her mother is deceased. GEXEALOGY OF THE CAMP FAMILY. Ilezekiah Camp, of Salisbury, Connecticut, received a large grant of land from the English Government on whicii was located an iron mine. He owned and operated a smelt- ing furnace, and in company with liis third son, Abial, built uji a jirosperous business. His was the lirst smeltiu'r furnace in Con- I . necticut, if not in New England. He was tlic father of si.\ sons and si.x dauglitei-s — Ilezekiah, Abial. Joel, John and Samuel; the , name of tlie others we have not learned. One daugiitei- mnrrieil Jonatiian Lcavitt and was grandmolii(>r of Joshua Lcavitt, a noted scholar and divine; another a ,Mr. Lee, and anotiier a ]\Ir. Cliapin. Eacii was mother of one chdd. Tiie intermarriage of these children consolidated large estates. The names of the other daugiitei's have not been ascertained. Elisiia Norton of Fre- donia. Cliant county, New York, is a great grandson of Ilezekiah Camp, Sr., whose son John was liis grandfather. Samuel, the eleventh child of Hezekiah Camp, Sr., was graduated at Yale College, and after going through a theological course of studj^, en- tered tlie ministry. He located in the township of Ridgelield, Fairfield county, Connecticut, where he preached and labored for the advancement of the gospel of Christ. Three times during the Revolutionary War, he was drafted into the army. Iliringa sub- stitute each time, he continuetl his ministra- tions to his people, refusing to accejit any remuneration for his services, during the eight years of tlie war. He was three times married. Caroline Gurnsey, his first wife, came of a noted Scotcli family. She died young, leaving two sons and one dauglitcr. Samuel Abial, the eldest son, married Lcmira Wilson; Currance died at tiie age. of tiiree years; Mary married ilartin Hays, and re- moved to Erie, Pennsylvania, where slie died, leaving a family. Tlie seconil wife was a Miss Barker, an aunt of General Barker, of Fredonia. New York. She died, leaving twoyoungchildn-n, Piiilander and Sally. Caroline, daughter of Philander, married a Mr. Shepherd of Onon- 528 STEVEXS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. dago county, New York, and his other daughter, Hannah, married a Mi\ Ransome, and removed to Ciiautauqua countv, New York. The third wife was the widow of Captain Gamahel Xorthup; she was a devoted wife, a kind and loving motlier to his orphan children, and died without issue. He was a man of culture, and his society was sought bv the learned and influential men of his da3\ For many years after his third wife's death he was cared for by his eldest son and his wife, who had lived on his estate from the time of their marriage. After the death of Samuel Abial, which occurred at the age of forty-two years, Philander (who, after his marriage, had gone to New York city to live) returned to Kidgelield, Connecticut, and cared for his fathei- during the remainder of his life. Kevereiul Samuel Camp is buried at Ilidgebury, Connecticut, by the side of those whom he so dearly loved while living. In 1S72, the house where he lived and died and the meeting-house (where for so man\' years he preaciied acceptai)ly the gospel) were still standing. The garret of the old house (in all probability) contains much that would throw light upon the jiast history of the family, and be of interest to the numer- ous descendants in various parts of tlie United States. Samuel Abial Camp married Lemira Wil- son, eldest daughter of Abner Wilson, whose fatiier lived to be 104 years of age. He was the seventh son of the Lord of Glendale, Scotland. Her mother's maiden name was Anna Sherwood. Anna Sherwood's mother lived to be 120 years of age. At the age of eighty years she fell into the fire and burned her face so as to destroy her eyesight. Slie lived forty years after she was totally blind, tenderly cared for by her children and grandchildren, and in full ]K)ssession of her mental faculties. The most of her time she devoted to kuittin"-. Anna Sherwood Wil- son lived to be ninety-eight years old, and until the year of her death was verj'^ active. Slie kept house, her youngest daughter Anna living with her ; Miss Anna Wilson died at the age of eighty years. Both of these women were very active all of their lives, and died in full possession of their mental faculties. Abner Wilson's father was an officer of the guards of theKine: of Enoiand, a commission having Ijeen purcliased for him when but three weeks old. Becoming ad vanced in life he retired on half pay. Receiving a grant of land in the Colony of Connecticut, he emigrated to America (then a wilderness), bringing 120 retainers with him, and settled upon the land granted to him by the Crown. Here he built a fort, surrounded by a mote, with draw-bridge, to protect them from the Indians. During the Revolutionary AVar he sympathized with the Crown. Ridgebury being attacked bv the Tories and the town set on fire (after their departure), he, assisted by the women and children, succeeded in extinguishing the fires, thus- saving the town and gaining the confi- dence of those who had previously regarded him with suspicion, because of his loyalty to the Kin"'. He was a rigid churchman. He built a chapel on his estates, where he, with his family and retainers, was accustomed to worshij) ; the rector drawing a salary from the revenues of the estate. At the close of the war the greater portion of his estates was confiscated, some part being allowed him in consideration of his saving the town of Ridgebury from being burned. He died (from over-exertion) sitting in his chair, and passed away so quietlj' that he was supposed to be sleeping. When called to dinner he did not move, and on going to him they found that he had ceased to breathe. There are no facts in our possession regarding any of his children except Abner Wilson. Airier Wilson was born at Ridgelield, Fairfield county, Connecticut, in 1743 ; STFr/tjYS COrXTV. MIXNESOTA. 529 Anna Sherwood (at same place) in 1742. Tlie\' were married about ITCS. Their chil- dren were — Leniira, born August 10,1709; Tiioinas, born in 1771, dietl. Wa\. 1S58 ; Currance, i)i)rn ill 1774, died in 1777: Am- nion. Ijorn in 1777; Anna, born in 1781; Sally, l)orn in 17S3 ; Betsey, born in 1785 ; Ezra, born in 1788. These were all Ixirn in Ilidgffield, Fairfield county. Connecticut: and Ahah Wilson, born in Greenlield, Sara- toga county, New York, in 1793. The names of tlic children of Samuel Abial and Lemira M'i-lson Camp were as fol- lows — Hannah, married to William M. Wago- ner; Anna, nuirried to Robert Le Grys ; Samuel ; Fanny ; Milo, married to Sarah Northup; Merlin, married to Saloma liock- well ; John, married to Mrs. Abigail Gilford : Abner Wilson, unmarried : and Herman, married to Iloxy Carpenter. The names of Hannah Camp Wago- ner's children were — Mary Lemira, married to John P. Davison ; Caroline Gurnsey, nuir- ried to Andrew J. Davison ; William M. Wagoner, died vountj ; Merlin, married to Ellen jjrock ; Anna, nuirried to iMj'ron ^lon- tague. The names of Anna Le Gr3's' children were — Lemira AVilson, who died unmarried ; Theodore, who married a German lady in California ; Saloma, who married a Mr. Clark, of Fredonia. The names of the chiklren of Samuel Camp were Uerraan and Elman, both dead ; Orrin ; Fannj^ ; Julia A. ; and Flinily. Merlin (yainp had no issue. The names of John Camp's children were — Janette, John and Herman, all dead; and Abner Wilson, married to a Mrs. Ilalliday. No ciiihlren. The names of Herman Camp's children were — Lemira Wilson, married to Mr. Harrington; Catharine; Samuel; all three dead; and Cyrus, married, and living near Dunkirk. Milo Camp was born September 22, 1798; Sarah Northu[) was born December 12, 1806. Thev w^ere mariied in the town of Connewango,Cattaraugus county. New York, April 16, 1826. Sarali Norliiui) was the daughter of Nicholas Northup and Eliza- beth IJentley, his wife. Nicholas was tiie son of Nicholas Northuj). whose mother was the youngest daughter of Lord Needum, of Needum Sipiare, London, England. Ladv Sarah Needum was married to Nicholas Xotlirup. gentleman, alxnit the year \1'A. They immigrated to America and settled on Long Island Sound, built them a fine resi- dence and furnished it luxuriously. Trained servants were at theii- command. The children of tlie family knew nothing of the toil or hardships usual to the settlement of a new country. At the age of twenty -one j'ears Nicholas had never dressed himself without the aid of a valet. Suddenly the war-cloud that had so loni>- been threatening: the country burst, bringing disaster after disaster upon the family. Nicholas, at the age of twenty-two, was obliged to seek a home for himself and young wife in the then western wilderness of Central New York, and thereafter to depend on the lalM)r of his hands for the support of himself and family. He subsequently became a Free-Will Baptist minister, and continued to i)reach the gospel to the poor settlers without compensation until old age compelled him to accept a home with his youngest daughter, Lydia. wife of Arnold Eentley, a brother of the author of the Bentley school readei-s and spellers. His son, Nicholas, father of Sarah Northup, was the father of fourteen children, several of which died in infancy. Those who lived to arrive at manhood and womanhood were — George T., Anson, Stephen, Brock, Saiah, Roxy, Eliza, Eunice and Freelove. The names of the children of Milo and Sarah Northup Camp were as follows — Cor- nelia Antoinette, born February 18, 1827 ; Juliette, born December 14, 1828; George Albert, born August 9, 1830 ; infant son, born and died December 24, 1834; Abner 530 STEVEXS COUNTY, MINNESOTA. "Wilson, born Octoljer 3, 1835. died May 24. 188G ; Elizabeth Leniira, born September 11, 1839, died July 8, 1864; Sarah, born March 28; 1841, died' April 6, 1841 ; Henry Clay, born December 28, 1843, died Deceniljei- 30, 1863; Merlin Camp, born October IT, 1845, and Milo Cam]), born January O, 1853. Milo Camp, tlie father, died Fei)ruary 21, 1873, and Sarah Northup, his wife, died August 5, in the year 1880. Thus, our subject, Milo Camp's, genealogy, in brief, would read as follows — Milo .Camp, the son of Milo Camp, the son of Samuel Abial Camp, the son of Rev. Samuel Camp, the son of Hezekiah Camp ; Milo Camp, son of Milo Camp, son of Lemira Wilson Camp, daughter of Abner Wilson, the son of the seventh son of the Lord of Glendale, Scot- land, Milo Camp, son of Sarah Camp, daughter of Nicholas North up, son of Nicholas Northup, son of Nicholas North- up and his wife, Lady Sarah Needum, daughter of Lord Needum, Square, London, England. of Needum 4PKERMAN ZAHL, a resident of section 20, Swan Lake township, is a native of Germany, born December 7, 1836, and is a son of Frederick and Williemina (Erdman) Zahl, also natives of that kingdom, lleiman received a common school education, and worked out on a farm, until he learned the miller's trade. When twenty years of age, he enlisted in the German Army, and served four \'ears. After his discharge, he resumed his trade, which he followed until 1868, when he came to the United States, landing in New York, in August, 1868. He came direct to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he re- mained one j'ear, when he moved to Glen- wood, Pojje county, Minnesota, where he lived six months. He then moved to his present location, and has since remained there. Mr. Zahl married Miss Rosalie Buth, by whom seven children have been born. Mr. Zahl and his family, are members of the Lutheran C'hurch. He is independent in politics.