DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY QEOROE OTIS SMITH, Dieector Water-supply Paper 318 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII 1909-1911 PfiBPABED UNDEB THB DIBEOTION Off M. 0. XJ^aHTON BY W. F. MARTIN AND 0. H. PIERCE WASHINGTON QOVBBNMENT PRINTING OFPIOB rcp-raar 1913 aass_GLB-a_M/ ♦^^''^ Jio DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEr GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water- SUPPLX Paper 318 SJJ. WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII 1909-1911 PEEPARED UNDEE THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON BY W. F. MARTIN AND C. H. PIERCE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 "?:r^^ •ON CONTENTS. Pag*. Authority for investigations 11 Cooperation and acknowledgments 12 Purpose and scope of invstigations 15 Field methods for measuring stream flow 16 Base data 16 Weir meafiurements 17 Velocity-area method 19 Definition of terms 23 Convenient equivalents 25 Office methods of computing and studying discharge and run-off 26 Explanation of tables 29 Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results 31 Gaging stations maintained in Hawaii 32 Island of Kauai 36 General features 36 Waimea River basin 39 General features 39 Waimea River near Waimea 40 Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea 43 Waikoali Stream near Waimea 48 Mohihi Streamnear Waimea 52 Waialae Stream near Waimea 56 Kekaha ditch at intake near Waimea 59 Kekaha ditch at flume No. 3, near Waimea 62 Kekaha ditch at siphon, near Waimea 63 Kekaha ditch at weir, below tunnel No. 12, hear Waimea 64 Waimea ditch near Waimea 67 Kamenehune ditch near Waimea 68 Makaweli River basin 70 General features 70 Makaweli River near Waimea 70 Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 12 near Makaweli 71 Poowaiomahaihai ditch near Waimea 75 Hanapepe River basin 76 General features 76 Hanapepe River at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele 77 Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele 78 Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele 81 Hanapepe ditch at Koula near Eleele 82 Hanapepe ditch at weir near Makaweli 85 Hiloa Stream at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele 86 Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele 87 Hanamaulu River 88 Hanamaulu River at K^paia, near Lihue 88 3 4 CONTENTS. Island of Kauai — Continued. Page. Wailua River basin 90 General features 90 South Fork of Wailua River at siphon, near Lihue 91 South Fork of Wailua River above Waiehu Falls \ 94 Lihue ditch near Lihue 95 Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue 98 North Fork Wailua River near Lihue 101 Kanaha ditch near Lihue 105 Konohiki and Kaehulua Stream basins 106 Weir stations near Kapaa 106 Kapaa River basin Ill General features Ill Kapaa River at Kapahi, near Kapaa Ill Akulikuli Springs near Kapaa 114 Kapahi ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa 115 Tunnel ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa 118 Kapaa ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa 121 Pipe ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa 123 Kaneha ditch at Kaneha, near Kealia 125 Anahola River basin 128 General features 128 Anahola River above dam at Kiokala, near Kealia 129 Anahola River at Kiokala dam, near Kealia 130 Anahola ditch at Kiokala, near Kealia 132 Anahola ditch at Makai weir, near Kealia 135 Hanalei River basin 137 General features 137 Hanalei River near Hanalei 138 China ditch near Hanalei 138 Wainiha River basin 139 General features 139 Wainiha River at power house, near Wainiha 139 Wainiha canal at intake, near Wainiha 139 Wainiha canal at tunnel No. 18, near Wainiha 141 Wainiha canal at tailrace, near Wainiha 142 Miscellaneous measurements on Kauai Island 143 Pumped water on Kauai 144 Island of Oahu 145 General features 145 Palolo Stream basin 148 General features 148 Waiomao Stream at 950-foot elevation, near Honolulu 149 Waiomao Stream above Pukele Stream, near Honolulu 149 Miscellaneous measurements 151 Manoa Stream basin 152 General features 152 Manoa Stream at upper end of valley, near Honolulu 152 Manoa Stream at College of Hawaii, near Honolulu 155 Manoa Stream at Waialae Road, near Honolulu 157 Miscellaneous measurements - 159 Pauoa Stream basin 160 General features 160 Pauoa Stream in Pauoa Valley, near Honolulu 160 Miscellaneous measurements 162 CONTENTS. 5 Island of Oahu — Continued. Page. Nuuanu Stream basin 163 General features 163 Nuuanu Stream at Kuakini Street, Honolulu 163 Lulumaho ditch in Nuuanu Valley, near Honolulu 164 Luakaha weir in Nuuanu Valley, near Honolulu 166 Miscellaneous measurements 168 Kalihi Stream basin 168 Kaukonahua Stream basin 169 General features 169 South Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near Wahiawa 169 North Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near Wahiawa 170 Wahiawa reservoir ditch near Wahiawa . . , 171 Waianae Stream basin 173 Kaipapau Stream basin 173 Kaipapau Stream near Hauula 173 Kaluanui Stream basin 174 Kaluanui Stream near Hauula ] 74 Miscellaneous measiu-ements 175 Pimaluu Stream basin 176 Punaluu Stream near Hauula 176 Miscellaneous measurements 176 Kahana Stream basin 177 Waikane Stream basin 177 Waiahoie Stream basin 178 General features 178 Waiahoie Stream at Manianiaula near Waikane 178 Waiahoie Stream at Waiahoie near Waikane 180 Waihi Stream near Waikane 181 Halona Stream near Waikane 182 Waianu Stream near Waikane 182 Miscellaneous measurements 183 Kaneohe Stream basin , . . 184 Kailua Stream basin 185 Waimanalo Stream basin 185 General miscellaneous measurements -. 186 Springs and artesian wells 187 Use and character 187 Miscellaneous measurements 188 Well sections 191 Summaries of pumped water 193 Water pumped by Honolulu Plantation Co 193 Water pumped by Oahu Sugar Co 193 Water pumped by Ewa Plantation Co 194 Water pumped by Waialua Agricultural Co 195 Island of Molokai 196 General features 196 Water resources 197 Island of Maui 197 General features. 197 West Maui 199 Waihee Stream basin 199 General features 199 Waihee Stream near Waihee 199 Waihee canal near Waihee 202 b CONTENTS. Island of Maui — Continued. West Maui — Continued. Waihee Stream basin— Continued. Paga Waihee canal at weir near Wailuku 205 Spreckels ditch near Waihee 206 Spreckels ditch at Waiale weir near Wailuku 208 Waiehu Stream basin 210 General features 210 North Waiehu Stream near Wailuku 211 North Waiehu ditch near Wailuku 212 South Waiehu Stream near Wailuku 215 lao Stream basin 218 General features 218 lao Stream near Wailuku 218 Maniania ditch near Wailuku 222 Waikapu Stream basin 225 General features 225 Waikapu Stream near Waikapu 225 South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu 228 Palolo (Everett) ditch near Waikapu 231 Ukumehame Stream basin 234 General features 234 Ukumehame Stream near Olowalu 234 Olowalu Stream basin 235 Olowalu ditch No. 1 near Olowalu. 235 Launiupoko Stream basin 236 Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina 236 Kauaula Stream basin 237 General features 237 Kauaula Stream near Lahaina 238 Kauaula weirs Nos. 1, 2, and 3 near Lahaina 238 Lahainaluna Stream basin 239 General features 239 Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina 239 Lahainaluna weirs Nos. 1 and 2 near Lahaina 241 Kahoma Stream basin 241 General featiires 241 Kahoma Stream near Lahaina 242 Kahoma Stream at weirs Nos. 1 and 2, near Lahaina 242 Kahoma ditch at weir near Lahaina 243 Honokawai Stream basin 244 General featiu-es 244 Honokawai Stream near Lahaina 244 Honokawai Stream at weir No. 1 near Lahaina 245 Honolua Stream basin 246 General features 246 Honolua Stream near Honokahau 246 Honolua ditch near Honokahau 247 Honokahau Stream basin 247 General features 247 Honokahau Stream near Honokahau 247 Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau 248 Honokahau ditch above Honolua Stream, near Honokahau 252 Honokahau ditch at Honokawai weir, near Lahaina 254 CONTENTS. 7 Island of Maui — Continued. West Maui — Continued, Page. Miscellaneous measurements 256 Pumped water on West Maui 258 East Maui 259 The ditch country 259 Koolau ditch region 260 General features 260 Koolau ditch near Keanae 260 Koolau ditch at Alo division wier, near Huelo 262 Spreckles ditch region 268 General features 268 Haipuaena Stream near Huelo 268 Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo 271 Alo Stream near Huelo 274 Waikamoi Stream near Huelo 276 Oopuola Stream near Huelo 278 Spreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo 281 Spreckels ditch at station No. 2, near Huelo 284 Spreckels ditch at station No. 3, near Huelo 285 Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo 287 Spreckels ditch at station No. 5, near Huelo 290 Spreckels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo 291 Spreckels ditch at station No. 7, near Huelo 292 Spreckels ditch at station No. 8, near Huelo 293 Center ditch region 294 Center ditch near Huelo 294 Hamakau ditch region ., 298 General features 298 Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo 298 Kailua Stream near Huelo 301 Oanui Stream near Huelo 302 Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo 306 Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo 308 Honopou Stream near Huelo 310 Halehaku Stream at dam near Huelo 312 Halehaku Stream weir near Huelo 314 Opana Stream near Huelo 316 Opana ditch near Huelo 317 New Hamakua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo 318 New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo 320 Old Hamakua ditch at Opana weir, near Huelo 322 Kaluanui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakuapoko 324 Lowrie ditch at Opana weir, near Huelo 326 Haiku ditch at Peahi weir, near Huelo 328 Miscellaneous measurements 330 Pumped water on East Maui 331 Island of Hawaii 332 General features 332 Hilo group of streams 336 General features 336 Wailuku River basin 337 General features 337 Wailuku River near Hilo 337 8 CONTENTS. Island of Hawaii — Continued. Hilo group of streams — Continued. Page. HoQolii River basin 340 General features 340 Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo 341 Honolii ditch at Kaiwiki, near Hilo 344 Kawainui River basin 344 General features 344 Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo 345 Stations at 2,500-foot elevation, near Hilo 346 General features 346 Combined flow 347 Miscellaneous measurements 389 Measiu-ements at 1 , 800 to 2 , 000 feet elevation in forest back of Hilo . . 389 Measurements between Hilo and Laupahoehoe 390 Other streams and flumes 391 Hamakua group of streams 392 General features 392 Waipio River basin 392 General features 392 Kawainui of Waipio River near Waipio 393 Waipio River below Koiawe near Waipio 394 Waipio River below Waima near Waipio 394 New Hamakua ditch at Waima near Waipio 395 New Hamakua ditch at weir near Kukuihaele 395 Discharge measurements of Waipio River and tributaries in 1901-2. 397 Miscellaneous measurements 402 Kohala group of streams 403 General features 403 Honokane Stream basin 403 Discharge measurements of East and West branches in 1901 403 Kohala ditch near Kohala 405 Miscellaneous measurements 407 Springs and underground waters 408 Rainfall records 408 General features 408 Island of Kauai 409 Island of Oahu 429 Islands of Maui and Kahoolawe 443 Island of Hawaii 462 Evaporation from water surface 486 Appendix 496 Pronunciation of Hawaiian words 496 Glossary of Hawaiian words in common use 496 Meaning of geographic names 498 Glossary of some geographic names and words frequently occurring in geographic names 498 Principal watercourses, by islands 506 Gazetteer 509 Index 537 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Plate I. Map showing relative position of the islands of the Territory of Hawaii 11 II. A, Rice cultivation: Preparing field for planting; B, Sugar cane and irrigation ditch, Oahu 14 III. A, Banana plantation near Honolulu; B, Hawaiian cultivating taro. 15 IV. Types of gaging stations: A, Weir gaging station, Wahiawa Reser- voir ditch, Oahu; B, Velocity -area gaging station, Waiahole Stream, Oahu 16 V. Small Price current meters 18 VI. Typical gaging stations: A, Bridge station on North Fork of Wailua River, Kauai; B, Cable station on Hanapepe River, Kauai 19 VII. Typical waterfalls: A, Kahoalele Falls, Kauai; B, Waiehu Falls, South Fork of Wailua River, Kauai 38 VIII. A, The "Needle," lao Valley, Maui; B, A recent lava flow on the Island of Hawaii 198 IX. Typical mountain streams: A, Wailuku River at 2,500 feet eleva- tion, near Hilo, Hawaii; B, Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, Hawaii 334 X. A, Cane flume and trestle across Kawainui River, near Pepeekeo, Hawaii; B, Weir on New Hamakua ditch at Kukuihaele, Hawaii. 346 XI. A, Types of rain gages: B, Rainfall and evaporation station at Waia- koali camp, Kauai 408 XII. Drainage map of Oahu Island, showing location of gaging and rainfall stations " At end of volxime. XIII. Drainage map of Kauai Island, showing location of gaging and rain- fall stations At end of volume. XIV. Drainage map of Maui and Kahoolawe islands, showing location of gaging and rainfall stations At end of volume. XV. Drainage map of Hawaii Island, showing location of gaging and rain- fall stations At end of volume. FiGUEE 1. Diagram showing comparison of weir and current meter discharge measurements 18 2. Diagram showing fluctuation in stage of North Fork of Wailua River near Lihue, Kauai 102 3. Discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for Wailuku River near Hilo, Hawaii 339 4. Diagram showing fluctuation in stage of Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, Hawaii 343 9 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE I WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. By W. F. Maetin and C. H. Pierce. ATJTHOIIITY FOR INVESTIGATIONS. Tliis volume contains results of measurements of the flow of certain streams and ditches in the Territory of Hawaii made during the period 1909 to 1911, inclusive, an account of the factors that affect the flow, and a brief summary of the general conditions influencing the economic development and use of the surface waters. The in- vestigations leading to the report were made by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii, under the general sanction of the organic law of the Survey (Stat. L., vol. 20, p. 394), which contains the following paragraph: Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological BTirvey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological struc- ture, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. As water is the most abundant and most valuable of the minerals, the investigation of water resources is authorized under the provision for examining mineral resources. The work has been supported since the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, by appropriations in successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress under the following item: For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the prepara- tion of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources. The various appropriations that have been made for this purpose are as follows : Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 — 1895 $12, 500 1896 20, 000 1897 to 1900, inclusive 50, 000 1901 to 1902, inclusive 100, 000 1903 to 1906, inclusive 200, 000 1907 150, 000 1908 to 1910, inclusive 100, 000 1911 150, 000 1912 150, 000 1913 150,000 11 12 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAH. The Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii approved on March 22, 1909, "An act to promote the conservation and development of the natural resources of the Territory," which provided in substance as follows : A special tax of 2 per cent shall be levied, assessed, and < ol- lected annually on all incomes in excess of $4,000; and all amounts so collected shall constitute a special fund to be expended only for the encouragement of immigration and the conservation of natural resources in the proportion of three-fourths for immigration and one- fourth for conservation. The conservation fund shall be used for the development, conservation, improvement, and utilization of the natural resources and shall be available for expenditure at such times and in such manner as a board of three persons appointed in accordance with section 80 of the organic act shall, with the approval of the governor, determine. An act of April 26, 1911, amended the original act so as to extend it until December 31, 1913. COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Under the authority conferred by the Federal and Territorial leg- islation, the Director of the United States Geological Survey and the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii entered into a cooperative agreement, dating from July 1, 1910, for "the gaging of streams and the determination of the water supply of the Territory of Hawaii." ^ The principal features of this agreement are: 1. The United States Geological Survey assumes the responsi- bility of gathering, analyzing, and publishing the data. 2. During the progress of the work all notes, maps, and data gathered as a result of field studies are at all times open to inspection by the representative of the Territory, and if they are not entirely satisfactory the agreement can be terminated. 3. Accounts for payment of salaries, travel and subsistence, sup- pHes, or other expense necessary to the completion of the work shall be rendered in the manner required by the laws and regulations of the contracting parties, and vouchers shall be referred to either party for payment according as it may be convenient or to the balance remain- ing in the respective allotments. 4. The cost of pubUcation is borne entirely by the Geological Survey. The Territory of Hawaii has been represented in the cooperation by the board of allotment appointed by Gov. Walter F. Frear, and consisting of J. P. Cooke (chairman), Marston Campbell, and E. V. Wilcox. ' The United States Geological Survey is also cooperating with the Territory of Hawaii in mapping the various islands. The whole of the island of Kauai and a part of the island of Hawaii haye been mapped. COOPEKATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 13 The investigation of the water resources was started in November, 1909, by W. F. Martin, who represented the Geological Survey. It was carried on wholly by Territorial funds untilJuly 1, 1910, when the Federal allotment of $5,000 annually became available. The total expenditures from both Territorial and Federal funds from November, 1909, until the end of December, 1911, the terminal date of the period covered by this report, amounted to $25,042.42, distributed as follows: Expenditures for investigations of water resources in Hawaii. Period. Territorial allotment. Federal allotment. Total. November, 1909, to June 30, 1910 July 1, 1910, to June 30, 191i July 1, 1911, to Dec. 31, 1911 .... %i, 172. 00 6,629.85 6,563.20 85,000.00 2,677.37 $4,172.00 11,629.85 9,240.57 17,365.05 7,677.37 25,042.42 The field data were collected under the direction of W. F. Martin, district engineer, assisted by C. H. Pierce, J. B. Stewart, W. V. Hardy, H. R. Schulz, A. G. Schnack, F. B. Dodge, and Dexter Fraser. C. H. Pierce began most of the field work on Maui, particularly on East Maui and windward West Maui, and later had charge of all the field work on Hawaii. In July, 1911, J. B. Stewart and W. V. Hardy took charge of the field work on Maui and Kauai, respectively. The ratings, computations, and special estimates were made by C. H. Pierce and J. B. Stewart, assisted by W. V. Hardy and E E. Goo. General cooperation and assistance on water resources investiga- tions throughout the Territory have been given the Geological Survey by the following branches of the Territorial government: Public Works Department, Marston Campbell, superintendent; Pubhc Land .Department, C. S. Judd, and J. D. Tucker, conunissioners; Surve}^ Department, W. E. Wall, surveyor; and Bureau of Forestry, R. S. Hosmer, superintendent. Acknowledgment is due to the Hawaiian section of the United States Weather Bureau, WiUiam B. Stockman, section director, for the use of rainfall records at stations maintained by the Weather Bureau, and other cUmatologic data. Material assistance has also been rendered by Alexander & Baldwin (Ltd.), J. P. Cooke, president; C. Brewer & Co. (Ltd.), G. H. Robert- son, manager; Castle & Cook (Ltd.), E. D. Tenney, manager; T. H. Davies & Co. (Ltd.), F. M. Swanzy, manager; H. Hackfeld & Co. (Ltd.), J. F. Hackfeld, president; Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Associa- tion, E. D. Tenney, president; Mr. C. F. Eckart; and Mr. Alonzo Gartley. The following corporations and individuals have greatly assisted in the work by furnishing records or extending courtesies in various 14 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAH. ways on the island of Kauai: Messrs. Augustus and Eric Knudsen; Kekaha Sugar Co, (Ltd.), H. P. Faye, manager; Waimea Sugar Mill Co. (Ltd.), John Fassoth, manager; Gay & Robinson; Mr. Francis Gay; Hawaiian Sugar Co. (Ltd.), B. D. Baldwin, manager; McBryde Sugar Co. (Ltd.), William Stodart and F. A. Alexander, managers; Koloa Sugar Co., C. H. Wilcox, manager; Grove Farm Plantation, E. H. W. Broadbent, manager; Rev. J. M. Lydgate; Mr. C. A. Rice; Makee Sugar Co., G. H. Fairchild and R. P. Spalding, managers; Mr. S. N. Hundley; Kilauea Sugar Plantation Co., J. R. Myers, manager; Princeville Plantation Co. (Ltd.), W. F. Sanborn, manager; and Kauai Electric Co. (Ltd.), Alfred Menefogho, superintendent. On the island of Oahu records of artesian water raised by pumps for use in irrigation have been given to the Geological Survey by the following sugar plantations: Honolulu Plantation Co., James Gibb, manager; Oahu Sugar Co. (Ltd.), E. K. Bull, manager; Ewa Planta- tion Co., G. F. Renton, manager; and Waialua Agricultural Co., W. W. Goodale, manager. These plantations, and also the Waianae Co., Frederick Meyer, manager; and the Wahiawa Water Co. (Ltd.), W. M. Templeton, manager; have kindly furnished facihties for studying the flow and efficiency of various ditch systems. Valuable records and assistance have also been furnished by Maj. W. P. Wooten and Capt. A. B. Putnam, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; the College of Hawaii, J. W. Gilmore, president; and Messrs. J. B. Castle, L. L. McCandless, E. P. Low, J. C. McMaster, E. E. Miller, T. F. Sedgwick, W. A. Wall, and WiUiam Weinrick, jr. The following sugar plantations on the island of Maui have supplied records of water pumped for irrigation: Pioneer Mill Co., Ludwig Weinzheimer, manager; Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co., F. F. Baldwin, manager; and Maui Agricultural Co., H. A. Baldwin, man- ager. These plantations and the following have also cooperated in maintaining gaging stations or in furnishing records of flow in ditches: Wailuku Sugar Co., H. B. Penhallow, manager; Olowalu Sugar Co., George Gibb, manager; Honolua ranch, R. C. Searle and D. T. Flem- ing, managers. Acknowledgment is also due for assistance given and courtesies extended by Messrs. W. F. Pogue, E. Brecht, O. Brecht, Hugh Howell, W. E. Ball, Pia Cockett, A. W. CoUins, F. E. Harvey, S. E. Hubbard, George Tripp, and C. J. Austin. On the island of Hawaii the following corporations and individuals have given assistance in various ways: Kohala Ditch Co. (Ltd.), P. W. P. Bluett, superintendent; Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), J. T. McCrosson, manager, J. S. Low, superintendent, and Jorgen Jorg- ensen, enguieer; B. P. Bishop Estate, F. S. Dodge, superintendent; Hilo Sugar Co., John A. Scott, manager; Albert Homer, Robert Homer, George S. Whittemore, and James Henderson. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE II ^dffiBtiJ^ A. RICE CULTIVATION: PREPARING FIELD FOR PLANTING. ^ ^^p^^P 3l^^^^il^^^SI^^^^M^3l ^^^^^ntr J .j^p, '^ i^^B^^^B^^E^^ ^viU |t| £. SUGAR CANE AND IRRIGATION DITCH, OAHU. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE III A. BANANA PLANTATION NEAR HONOLULU. B. HAWAIIAN CULTIVATING TARO. WATEK RESOURCES OF HAWAII. 15 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF INVESTIGATIONS. The principal industry of Hawaii is agriculture. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1911, 98.9 per cent of the exports from Hawaii to the mainland, valued at more than $40,000,000, consisted of prod- ucts of the soil.^ Of this amount 93 per cent had been either abso- lutely dependent on irrigation for its growth or had required the application of water at some period in order to give the largest and most profitable yield. Some lands are naturally adapted to the growing of rice (PI, II, A), but require a dependable quantity of water, varying in amount with the stage of the crop. Sugar cane (PI. II, B), by far the most im- portant product, gives the largest yields on those lands where the proper amount of water can be appHed at the right time, and large areas planted in cane depend entirely on irrigation. Taro (PI. Ill, B), which furnishes the staple food for a considerable part of the population, requires a continual application of water during its growth. In addition to its agricultural uses water is being demanded for mechanical purposes, such as the fluming of cane and hydro-electric developments. With the rapidly increasing growth of the larger towns, especially Honolulu, the problem of providing water for domestic use is requir- ing attention. The consumption per capita is large, owing to the quantities used for irrigating lawns and gardens, but for reasons of sanitation and public health it is desirable that the use of water should not be curtailed. The purpose of these investigations has been to obtain reliable information concerning the existing water supply, both developed and undeveloped. A point has been reached in the utilization of Hawaii's waters at which it is necessary to have definite information regarding the available sources before further progress can be made. It is well known that the limit of agricultural development in Hawaii to-day is largely determined by the possible water supply, and it is necessary either to tap new sources or else to save losses in the existing supplies, which will have the effect of increasing their eco- nomic value. A more detailed study of the irrigation systems in the Territory is needed. In addition to investigating possible sources of supply, the total amount of water available, and means of storing the flood waters now going to waste, the work should include a study of the distribution of the water from the time it is diverted from its natural course until it is applied to the soil for beneficial use. Losses in irrigation need to be continually guarded against in order to > Computed from statistics In Hawaiian Annual for 1912, p. 23. 16 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. secure the maximum results from a supply that is definitely limited, and only by making a careful study of the system as a whole can the highest efficiency be obtained. The investigations of stream flow in the Territory are not complete, nor do they include all the streams that might advantageously be studied. They include, however, as many of the streams and ditches on the four larger islands as the available appropriations would allow. It is essential that records of stream flow should be kept during a period of years long enough to d,etermine within reasonable limits the range of flow from the maximum to the minimum. The length of such a period manifestly varies for different streams. Experience has shown that the records should be kept from 5 to 20 years. In the performance of this work an effort is made to reach the highest degree of precision possible with a rational expenditure of time and money. In all engineering work there is a point beyond which refinement is needless and wasteful, and this statement applies with especial force to stream-measurement work in Hawaii, It has been found, however, that it is possible to obtain data which are suflSciently accurate, although many of them presented in this report are for periods too short to admit of definite conclusions. Records have been obtained at about 200 different points in the Territory, and in addition to the observations at the regular stations, miscellaneous measurements at many other places have been made. Records have also been collected regarding precipitation on areas drained by the principal streams and at a number of points in the mountains at high elevations. Evaporation losses have been studied and data obtained at various places where such losses are serious. FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW. BASE DATA. In making plans for power, irrigation, municipal water supply, and other projects involving the use of water from surface streams, it is necessary to have data from which both the total flow of the stream and its distribution from day to day throughout the year can be obtained. The data necessary for obtaining such information are daily gage heights, which give the fluctuations of rise and fall of the stream, and measurements of discharge at various stages, from which a rating curve and table can be prepared, giving the discharge for any stage. Such a rating is possible from the fact that so long as the conditions at the controlling point in the stream remain the same, there will be the same discharge for any given gage height. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE IV A. WEIR GAGING STATION, WAHIAWA RESERVOIR DITCH, OAHU. B. VELOCITY-AREA GAGING STATION, Vi'AIAHOLE STREAM, OAHU. Measurement by wading. TYPES OF GAGING STATIONS. FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW. 17 The determination of a discharge is termed a discharge measure- ment and points at which discharge measurements are made and records of daily fluctuations of stage are kept for determining the daily flow are termed gaging stations. Gaging stations may be divided into two classes, known as weir stations and velocity-area stations. (See PI. IV.) At weir stations the head of water on the crest of the weir is measured and the dis- charge computed by means of a formula. The discharge at velocity- area stations is obtained by measuring the velocity of the current and the area of the cross-section, the product of the two giving the dis- charge. The data presented in this paper were collected at both weir and velocity-area stations. WEIB MEASUREMENTS. Unquestionably a weir properly constructed and of a type for which accurate coefficients have been determined is one of the most convenient and reliable means of measuring small quantities of water. In practice, however, weirs rarely conform to the requirements imposed by the experimenter who derived the coefficients. If the crest of the weir is sharp and clean and sufficiently high above the bottom of the leading channel and the end contractions are complete and the velocity of approach is wanting, or negligibly small, and if the head on crest is measured at a distance of 6 or 8 feet back of the overfall, the Francis formula will give good results. On the other hand, if these essential conditions are not complied with, especially if the velocity of approach is considerable, and the contractions are imperfect, the Francis formula will not give accurate results. This is particularly true if the weir is improperly constructed and there is leakage around and under it, as is so frequently the case in practice. Observations made on various types of weirs in Hawaii show that of the weirs in use in the Territory not all are giving accurate results. If the error is known so that corrections can be made the trouble is largely mitigated, but faulty weir records are too often accepted with- out investigation as to their accuracy. The following examples are cited to show some of the difficulties encountered in the use of weirs : A small timber weir built by the Geological Survey in the mountains back of Honolulu gave so much trouble by leaking that current- meter measurements were finally made to obtain a discharge rating. The effect of wave action caused by velocity of approach is shown by an important measuring weir on Oahu. This weir is exceptionally well built, having good end contractions and an unusually large approach channel, but the discharge as computed by the weir formula 74323°— wsp 318—13 2 18 WATEE EESOURCES OF HAWAII. is from 6 to 10 per cent too small, the percentage of error being greater at the lower heads. The trouble is caused by wave action in the pool, due to the inflow of water under pressure. A 25-foot Cippoletti weir on Maui shows an error of 8 to 10 per cent in the discharge at ordinary stages. In this case the percent- age of error increases rapidly with the head above a head of 0.6 foot. Another weir on Maui, used as a division weir between two important ditches, gives a discharge, as computed by the weir formula, which is from 11 to 23 per cent too small, the error increasing rapidly with the higher heads. (See fig. 1.) It should be stated that these two weirs 1.8 1.6 1.0 / / ^ ^ --^ / Cc rr mpariso leter dis n of we' charge r r and cu neasurer rrent- nents / '°I0 / Pl2 P / A o/ / 3 / / / / // // 1/ ( Perce me 5 1 nt differ terdisch 5n 2 ce, wei e mea 3 3 rand cur suremeni D rent- s 60 80 !pO 120 140 DISCHARGE IN SECOND-FEET 180 200 Figure l.— Diagram showing comparison of weir and current-meter discliarge measurements. are in gulches, where the conditions for weir construction are far from ideal. If a weir is in error, the result is usually that the discharge as com- puted by the Francis formula is less than the actual discharge. Two Cippoletti weirs, however, showed for low heads a discharge by formula greater than the actual, while at higher heads the opposite was true.^ 1 The determination of discharge over the different types of weirs and dams is treated fully in "Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas" (Water-Supply Paper 200) and in the various textbooks on hy- draulics. ' ' Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables " ( Water-Supply Paper 180) treats of the discharge through turbines when used as meters. The edition of Water-Supply Paper 200 is exhausted. It can, however, be consulted at most of the larger libraries of the country or it can be obtained from the superin- tendent of documents, Washington, D. C, at a cost of 35 cents. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE V mmU^l a! '41 '51 '61 'Tl '81 '91 'FI3'1| '21 '31 t4l '51 '81 '71 '81 '91 'P|3'l| '21, '^3I ■M '51 'SliTI '813 SMALL PRICE CURRENT METERS. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE VI A. BRIDGE STATION ON NORTH FORK OF WAILUA RIVER, KAUAI. B. CABLE STATION ON HANAPEPE RIVER, KAUAI. TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS. FIELD METHODS OF MEASUEING STREAM FLOW. 19 VELOCITY- ARE A METHOD. The velocity-area method of measurement consists of determining the mean or average velocity of the water past a given cross-section area. The area of the cross section at right angles to the direction of flow is determined by soundings which are taken at such distances apart as will develop the contour of the stream bed. The depths are recorded and also their distances from some arbitrarily chosen initial point on one side of the stream. The method of making the soundings depends on the size and stage of the stream. On ditches and small streams where the depths and velocities are not large, a graduated rod may be used to advantage; on large streams, which must be measured from bridges or cables, a lead weight and sounding line must be used. The weights are of different sizes — 6^, 10, or 15 pounds — according to the swiftness of the current, and are torpedo shaped, so as to offer as little resistance as possible to the moving water. (See PI. VI.) On streams with beds which are permanent or nearly so, like the South Fork of Wailua River on the island of Kauai and the Wai- luku River on the island of Hawaii, a standard cross section is usually constructed from careful soundings and referred to the zero of the gage, so that the depths for any stage can be found by adding the gage height at that stage to the depths below the zero of the gage. This method is especially useful at high stages, where it is difficult to make accurate soundings. After the cross-section area of the stream has been measured by soundings and horizontal distances, the velocity is determined at a number of points. These measurements of velocity should be made at frequent intervals across the stream and close enough to take ac- count of any abrupt change in^the velocity. For convenience, the yelocities are usually observed in the same verticals at which sound- ings are made. On some streams fairly good measurements of veloci- ties may be made by means of subsurface floats. This method is applicable, however, only to channels of uniform cross-section area over a considerable distance and is very unsatisfactory for use on natural streams like those of Hawaii.^ The velocity of flow is best determined by the current meter, which is a form of water wheel actuated by the current, and of such size and shape that it can easily be placed at any point in the stream.^ (See PI. V.) Plate V shows in the center the new type of penta-recording current meter equipped for measurements at bridge and cable stations; on 1 Further infonnation regarding the float method is given in Water-Supply Paper 95 and in textbooks on stream flow. 2 See Hoyt, J. C, and others, Use and care of the current meter as practiced by the United States Geo- logical Survey: Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 66, 1910, p. 70. 20 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. the left the same type of meter is shown equipped for wading meas- urements, to record by the acoustic method; on the right the meter is shown equipped to record electricaUy. Briefly, the meter consists of six cups attached to a vertical shaft which revolves on a conical hardened steel point when immersed in moving water. The revolu- tions are indicated electrically. The rating, or relation between the velocity of moving water and the revolutions of the wheel, is deter- mined for each meter by drawing it through still water for a given distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for each run. From these data a rating tabic is prepared which gives the velocity in feet per second of moving water for any number of revolutions in a given time interval. The ratio of revolutions per second to velocity of flow in feet per second is very nearly a con- stant for all speeds and is approximately 0.45. Three classes of methods of measuring velocity with current meters are in general use — multiple-point, single-point, and integration. The two principal multiple-point methods in general use are the vertical velocity curve and 0.2 and 0.8 depth. In the vertical velocity curve method a series of velocity determi- nations are made in each vertical at regular intervals, usually about 10 to 20 per cent of the depth apart. By plotting these velocities as abscissas and their depths as ordinates and drawing a smooth curve among the resulting points, the vertical velocity curve is developed. This curve shows graphically the magnitude and changes in velocity from the surface to the bottom of the stream. The mean velocity in the vertical is then obtained by dividing the area bounded by this velocity curve and its axis by the depth. This method of obtain- ing the mean velocity in the vertical is probably the best known, but on account of the length of time required to make a complete meas- urement its use is largely limited to the determination of coefficients for purposes of comparison. In the second multiple-point method the meter is held successively at 0.2 and 0.8 depth, and the mean of the velocities at these two points is taken as the mean velocity for that vertical. On the assumption that the vertical velocity curve is a common parabola with horizontal axis, the mean of the velocities at 0.22 and 0.79 depth will give (closely) the mean velocity in the vertical. Actual observations under a wide range of conditions show that this multiple-point method gives the mean velocity very closely for open-water condi- tions and that in a completed measurement it seldom varies as much as 1 per cent from the value given by the vertical velocity curve method. It is very extensively used in the regular practice of the United States Geological Survey. FIELD METHODS OF MEASUKING STREAM FLOW. 21 The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at the depth of the thread of mean velocity or at an arbitrary depth for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been determined or must be assumed. Extensive experiments by means of vertical velocity curves show that the thread of mean velocity generally occurs between 0.5 and 0.7 total depth. In general practice the thread of mean velocity is considered to be at 0.6 depth, and at this point the meter is held in most of the measurements made by the single-point method. A large number of vertical velocity curve measurements, taken on many streams and under varying conditions, show that the average coefficient for reducing the velocity obtained at 0.6 depth to mean velocity is practically unity. The variation of the coefficient from unity in individual cases is, however, greater than in the 0.2 and 0.8 method and the general results are not as satisfactory. In the other piincipal single-point method the meter is held near the surface, usually 1 foot below, or low enough to be out of the effect of the wind or other disturbing influences. This is known as the sub- surface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken at the subsurface to the mean has been found to be in general from about 0.85 to 0.95, depending on the stage, velocity, and channel conditions. The higher the stage the larger the coefficient. This method is especially adapted for flood measurements, or for measure- ments when the velocity is so great that the meter can not be kept in the correct position for the other methods. The vertical integration method consists in moving the meter at a slow but uniform speed from the surface to the bottom and back again to the surface and notmg the number of revolutions and the time taken in the operation. This method has the advantage that the velocity at each point of the vertical is measured twice. It is useful as a check on the point methods. In using the Price meter great care should be taken that the vertical movement of the meter is not rapid enough to vitiate the accuracy of the resulting velocity deter- mination. In practical work on rough streams, such as exist in Hawaii, the meter should be held at 0.6 depth for depths of 0.8 or less. For greater depths the meter should be held at two points in the vertical, 0.2 and 0.8 from the surface. When the mean velocities in the different verticals have been found, the average of two adjacent means is taken as the mean velocity for that individual section. The area of the section is computed by multiplying the width of the section by the mean depth. The discharge of each section is then the product of the area multiplied by the mean velocity, and the total discharge of the stream results 22 WATEE EESOUKCES OP HAW AH. from summing up the discharge of the individual sections. In prac- tice the work is tabulated in such a way as to render the computation very simple.^ Current meter measurements are not practicable where there are eddies, cross currents, swirls, or passages for the water underneath stones. It is usually possible, however, to improve the channel by removing bowlders and rocks, so that a satisfactory measuring section may be obtained, even on rough steep streams such as exist in Hawaii. Three kinds of velocity-area gaging stations are in general use in Hawaii, according to the means provided for making the observations of depth and velocity. They are wading, bridge, and cable stations. A wading station is one at which measurements are made only by wading — that is, no means exist for getting above the water at any stage except by wading. Such stations are usually on ditches or wide, shallow streams, which do not fluctuate greatly in flow. Frequently, however, measurements are made at low stages by wading even though other means exist for making measurements at higher stages. (See PI. IV, B.) A bridge station is one at which the meter is used from a bridge. In some places highway or other bridges are available from which to make measurements, but generally they are not at the right place on the stream. Special bridges are then built. (See PI. VI, A.) A cable station is one at which measurements are made from a cable spanning the stream. Cable stations are used on large streams, such as Hanapepe, Wailua, and Hanalei rivers on the island of Kauai, and Wailuku River on the island of Hawaii. The cable supports the car from which a man works above the water. Distances are marked off on the cable itself or on a small auxiliary cable stretched taut above it. (See PI. VI, B.) A suitable place for a gaging station having been selected, a staff gage is set in the edge of the stream, either vertical or inclined, but graduated mto tenths of feet vertically. The gage is securely fas- tended to rocks or trees to prevent displacement by floods and is so placed that the zero, or reference datum, is well below extreme low water. The datum is also referred to a permanent bench mark as an additional precaution. An observer is then engaged to record the heights of water morning and evening; the mean of the two readings being used as the mean gage height for the day. Owing to the rapid rise and fall of most of the streams in Hawaii, two gage-height readings a day will not as a rule give a true mean for the 24 hours. For this reason, and also owing to the fact that many of the gaging stations are necessaiily situated in the mountains at 1 For a discussion of methods of computing the discharge of a stream see Engineering News, June 25, 1908. DEFINITION OF TERMS. 23 points remote from all habitations and difficult of access, the use of automatic recording gages has been found to be generally necessary. The gages used are of various types, some requiring weekly visits and others operating for a month without attention. The essential features of automatic gages consist of a float free to rise and fall with fluctuations of the water surface, a means of trans- ferring this motion of the float to the record, either directly or through a reducing mechanism, the recording device, and the clock. In most gages used on natural streams the float is connected with a counter- weight by means of a chain or perforated tape which passes over a sprocket wheel connected with gearing in such a way as to reduce the motion caused by the rise and fall of the water surface to a convenient scale. This vertical motion from the float may be transferred either to the pencil or other recording device or to the cylinder carrying the paper. The time interval is given by the clock, which may move either the paper or the pencil, according to the float connection. For all autographic records the motions controlled by the float and the clock are brought at right angles so that there results a continuous curve where one set of ordinates represents gage heights, and the other the time interval. The gage may be designed to accommodate any range of stage. Those used by the United States Geological Survey in Hawaii are designed for variations of 10, 20, 30, and 36 feet, but so far those hav- ing a 20-foot range have been found to be sufficient for any stage. DEFINITION OF TERMS. The volume of water flowing in a stream — the "run-off" or "dis- charge" — is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated more or less definitely with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as "second-feet," "gallons per minute," "gallons per 24 hours," "miner's inches," and "run-off in second-feet per square mile," and (2) those which represent the actual quantity of water, as "run-off in depth in inches," "million gallons," and "acre-feet." They may be defined as follows : "Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 square foot in cross section at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally adopted as the fundamental unit in the measurement of flowing water and is the "natural" unit, as the foot and the second are the units used in making the physical determinations. Other units may be computed from this by the use of factors given in the table of equiv- alents. 24 WATEE EESOUBCES OF HAWAII. "Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping and city water supply, the United States gallon of 231 cubic inches being the unit of quantity and 1 minute the unit of time. The "miner's inch" is the unit for the rate of discharge of water that passes through an orifice 1 inch square under a head which varies locally. It is commonly used by miners and irrigators throughout the West, and is defined by statute in each State in which it is used. "Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as re- gards time and area. "Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were con- served and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for com- paring run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches. An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is com- monly used in connection with storage for irrigation. In the Territory of Hawaii a unit commonly used in connection with the measurement of water is the "million gallons." This is used with two meanings— (1) to indicate a rate of flow and (2) to express an actual quantity of water. In the former sense "million gallons per 24 hours" is inferred, 1,000,000 gallons being taken as the unit of quan- tity, and 24 hours as the unit of time. With this meaning the term is generally used in connection with pumping and irrigation. In the latter sense "million gallons" as an absolute quantity is used in the measurement of storage capacities of reservoirs. The following convenient approximate relations exist between second-feet, million gallons per 24 hours, and acre-feet: 1 second- foot flowing 24 hours equals about 2 acre-feet; 1,000,000 gallons equals about 3 acre-feet; and 1 second-foot equals approximately two-thirds million gallons per 24 hours. "Man's water" is an irrigator's term also in common use in Hawaii. It signifies the amount of water that one irrigator can properly handle in the field. It varies greatly, being dependent upon the condition of the furrows, the age of the crop, and the skill and individuality of the irrigator. Some measurements indicate that it is about 0.75 second- foot. It may be almost any quantity under 1 second-foot. WAIVES KESOUHCES OJ' SAW Alt. 25 CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic computations : Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet. Eun-off (acre-feet). Discharge (second- feet). Iday. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 1 1.983 55.54 57.52 59.50 61.49 2 3.967 111.1 115.0 119.0 123.0 3 5.950 166.6 172.6 178.5 184.5 4 7.934 222.1 230.1 238.0 246.0 5 9.917 277.7 287.6 297.5 307.4 6 11.90 333.2 345.1 357.0 368.9 7 13. 88 388. 8 402.6 416.5 430. 4 8 15.87 444.3 460.2 476.0 491.9 9 17.85 499.8 517.7 535.5 553.4 Note. — For partial month multiply values for one day by the number of days. 1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per minute; equals 646,272 gallons for one day. 1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep. 1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep. 1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet. 1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 1 mile equals 5,280 feet. ■ 1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons. 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. IJ horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. To calculate water power quickly: Sec.-ft.Xfall in feet 11 = net horsepower on water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. 26 WATEE RESOUKCES OP HAWAH. OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING AND STUDYING DISCHARGE AND RUN- OFF. At the end of each year the field or base data for current-meter gaging stations, consisting of daily gage heights, discharge measure- ments, and notes from observers' books are assembled. The measure- ments are plotted on cross-section paper and rating curves are drawn wherever feasible. The rating tables prepared from these curves are then applied to the tables of daily gage heights to obtain the daily discharge, and from these applications the tables of monthly dis- charge and run-off are computed. Rating curves are drawn and studied with special reference to the class of channels which they represent. (See fig. 3, p. 339.) The dis- charge measurements for all classes of stations, when plotted with gage heights in feet as ordinates and discharges in second-feet as abscissas, define rating curves which are generally more or less parabolic in form. For many stations curves of area in square feet and mean velocity in feet per second are also constructed to the same scale of ordinates as the discharge curve. These are used mainly to extend the dis- charge curves beyond the limits of the plotted discharge measure- ments, to check the form of the discharge curve, and to determine and eliminate erroneous measurements. For every rating table the following assumptions are made for the period of application of the table: (a) That the discharge is a func- tion of and increases gradually with the stage; (h) that the discharge is the same whenever the stream is at a given stage, and hence such changes in conditions of flow as may have occurred during the period of application are either compensating or negligible, except that the rating, as stated in the footnote of each table, is not applicable for periods during which the channel was obstructed; (c) that the in- creased and decreased discharge due to change of slope on rising and falling stages is either negligible or compensating. As already stated, the gaging stations may be divided into several classes, as indicated in the following paragraphs : The stations of class 1 represent the most favorable conditions for an accurate rating and are also the most economical to maintaia. The bed of the stream is usually composed of rock and is not subject to the deposit of sediment and loose material. This class includes also many stations located in a pool below which is a permanent rocky riffle that controls the flow like a weir. Provided the control is sufficiently high and close to the gage to prevent cut and fill at the gaging point from materially affecting the slope of the water surface, the gage height will for all practical purposes be a true index of the discharge. Discharge measurements made at such stations usually plot within 2 or 3 per cent of the mean discharge curve, and the rat- OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING. 27 ing developed from that curve represents a very high degree of accu- racy. Class 2 comprises mainly stations on rough, mountainous streams with steep slopes. The beds of such streams are, as a rule, com- paratively permanent during low and medium stages, and when the flow is sufficiently well defined by an adequate number of discharge measurements before and after each flood the stations of this class give nearly as good results as those of class 1. As it is seldom possible to make measurements covering the time of change at flood stage, the assumption is often made that the curves before and after the flood converged to a common point at the highest gage height recorded during the flood. Hence the only uncertain period occurs during the few days of highest gage heights covering the period of actual change in conditions of flow. Class 3 includes those stations where the stream bed is of a shifting character, or the controlling section below the gage frequently changes owing to cutting out by the current and the filling in of sand, gravel, and drift. In some cases in Hawaii changes are caused by the growth of vegetation in the stream bed. No absolute rule can be laid down for stations of this class. Each rating curve must be constructed mainly on the basis of the measurements of the cur- rent year, the engineer being guided largely by the history of the station and the following general law: If all measurements ever made at a station of this class are plotted on cross-section paper, they will define a mean curve which may be called a standard curve. It has been found in practice that if after a change caused by high stage a relatively constant condition of fiow occurs at medium and low stages, all measurements made after the change will plot on a smooth curve which is practically parallel to the standard curve with respect to ordinates or gage heights. This law of the parallelism of rating curves is the fundamental basis of all ratings and estimates at stations with semipermanent and shifting channels. It is not absolutely cor- rect, but, with few exceptions, answers all the practical requirements of estimates made at low and medium stages after a change at a high stage. This law appears to hold equally true whether the change occurs at the measuring section or at some controlling point below. The change is, of course, fundamentally due to change in the chan- nel caused by cut or fill, or both, at or near the measuring section. For all except small streams the changes in section usually occur at the bottom. The following simple but typical examples illustrate this law : (a) If 0.5 foot of planking were to be nailed on the bottom of a well- rated wooden flume of rectangular section there would result, other conditions of flow being equal, new curves of discharge, area, and 28 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. velocity, each plotting 0.5 foot above the original curves when referred to the original gage. In other words, this condition would be analogous to a uniform fill or cut in a river channel which either reduces or increases all three values of discharge, area, and velocity for any gage height. In practice, however, such ideal conditions rarely exist. (b) In the case of a cut or fill at the measuring section there is a marked tendency toward decrease or increase, respectively, of the velocity. In other words, the velocity has a compensating effect, and if the compensation is exact at all stages the discharge at a given stage will be the same under both the new and the old conditions. (c) In the case of uniform change along the crest of a weir or rocky control the area curve wUl remain the same as before the change, and it can be shown that here again the change in velocity curve is such that it will produce a new discharge curve essentially parallel to the original discharge curve with respect to their ordinates. Of course, in actual practice such simple changes of section do not occur. The changes are complicated and lack uniformity, a cut at one place being largely offset by a fill at another, and vice versa. If these changes are very radical and involve large percentages of the total area — as, for example, on small streams — there may result a wide departure from the law of parallelism of rating curves. In complicated changes of section the corresponding changes in velocity which tend to produce a new parallel discharge curve may interfere with each other materially, causing eddies, boils, backwater, and radical changes in slope. In such extreme conditions, however, the measuring section would more properly fall under class 4 and would require very frequent measurements of discharge. Special stress is laid on the fact that in the lack of other data to the contrary the utilization of this law will yield the most probable results. Slight changes at low or medium stages of an oscillating character are usually averaged by a mean curve drawn among them parallel to the standard curve, and if the individual measurements do not vary more than 5 per cent from the rating curve, the results are considered good for stations of this class. Class 4 comprises stations on streams that have soft, muddy, or sandy beds. Good results can be obtained from such sections only by frequent discharge measurements, the frequency ranging from a measurement every two or three weeks to a measurement every day, according to the rate of diurnal change in conditions of flow. These measurements are plotted and a mean or standard curve drawn among them. It is assumed that there is a different rating curve for every day of the year and that this rating is parallel to the stand- ard curve with respect to their ordinates. On the day of a measure- ment the rating curve for that day passes through that measurement. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. 29 For days between successive measurements it is assumed that the rate of change is uniform, and hence the ratings for the intervening days are equally spaced between the ratings passing through the two measurements. This method must be modified or abandoned altogether under special conditions. Personal judgment and a knowledge of the conditions involved can alone dictate the course to pursue in such cases. The computations have as a rule been carried to three significant figures. Computation machines and the 20-inch sUde rule have been generally used. AH computations are carefully checked. After the computations have been completed they are entered in tables and carefully studied and intercompared to eUminate or account for all gross errors so far as possible. Missing periods are filled in, so far as feasible, by means of comparison with records for adjacent streams. The attempt is made to complete years or periods of discharge, thus eUminating fragmentary and disjointed records. Full notes accompanying such estimates follow the daily and monthly discharge tables. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. For each drainage basin there is given a brief general description covering such items as area, topography, source, tributaries, foresta- tion, rainfall, irrigation, and other features of interest and importance. For each regular current-meter gaging station are given in general the following data: Description of station, list of discharge measure- ments, table of daily gage height, table of daily discharge, table of monthly and yearly discharge, and run-off in acre-feet. For stations located at weirs or dams the gage-height table is omitted. All rates of flow are expressed as second-feet, because distances and depths are measured in feet, and velocities in feet per second. The flow is thus obtained in cubic feet per second, or more briefly in "second-feet." The term ''million gallons per 24 hours" is not used except in a few tables where the results of pumping stations have been given in million gallons as well as second-feet. "Million gallons per 24 hours" is not a primary but a derived unit. To convert sec- ond-feet into million gallons per 24 hours divide by 1.55. In addition to statements regarding the location and installation of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of gage height to discharge, covering such points as shifting channels and backwater; also information regarding diversions which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements are also made regard- ing the accuracy and reliability of the data. The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge measurements made during the year, including the date, name of 30 WATEE EESOUECES OF HAW AH. hvdrographer, width and area of cross section, gage height, and discharge in second -feet. The table of daily gage height records the daily fluctuations of the surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken each day. At most stations the gage is read in the morning and in the evening unless a continuous record is obtained by means of an automatic instrument. The gage height given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected by shifting conditions of flow or by back- water from obstructions are published as recorded, with suitable foot- notes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections to the gage heights are known and applied. Atten- tion is called to the fact that the zero of the gage is placed at an arbi- trary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general the zero is located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that negative readings shall not occur. The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly dis- charge tables are computed. The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not pub- lished in this report, but can be determined from the daily gage heights and daily discharges, for the purpose of verifying the pub- lished results as follows : First plot the discharge measurements on cross-section paper with gage height in feet as ordinates and discharge in second-feet as abscissas. Then tabulate a number of gage heights taken from the daily gage-height table for the complete range of stage given and the corresponding discharges for the days selected from the daily discharge table and plot the values on cross-section paper. The last points plotted will define the rating curve used and will lie among the plotted discharge measurements. After drawing the rating curve, a table can be prepared by scaling off the discharge in second-feet for each tenth foot of gage height. These values should be so adjusted that the first differences shall always be increasing or constant, except for known conditions of backwater. The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet cor- responding to the observed gage height as determined from the rating table, the number of significant figures used varying with the size of the discharge. For quantities below 0. 5 second-foot the daily discharge is carried to hundredths; from 0.5 to 9.9 second-feet, to tenths only; from 10 to 99 second-feet all decimals are omitted, and above 100 second-feet only three significant figures are used. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF DATA. 31 In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest height, and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Like- wise in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second dur- ing the month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on page 24, are based. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPARATIVE RESULTS. Practically all discharge measurements made under fair conditions are well within 5 per cent of the true discharge at the time of obser- vation. Inasmuch as the errors of meter measurements are largely compensating, the mean rating curve, when well defined, is much more accurate than the individual measurements. Numerous tests and experiments have been made to test the accuracy of current- meter work. These show that it compares very favorably with the results from standard weirs, and, owing to simplicity of methods, usually gives results that are much more reliable than those from the ordinary weir used under conditions widely different from those under which the weir formula was derived. The work is, of course, dependent on the reliability of the observers. With relatively few exceptions, the observers perform their work honestly. Care is taken, however, to watch them closely and to inquire into any discrepancies. It is, of course, obvious that one gage reading a day does not always give the mean height for that day. As an almost invariable rule, however, errors from this source are cornpensating and virtually negligible in a period of one month, although a single day's reading may, when taken by itself, be con- siderably in error. In order to give engineers and others information regarding the probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly dis- charge table. For the rating tables ''well defined" indicates in gen- eral that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approxi- mate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with refer- ence to the mean rating curve. 32 WATEE EESOUECES OF HAW AH. The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the prob- able reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by foot" notes. GAGING STATIONS MAINTAINED IN HAWAII. The following list comprises the gaging stations maintained in Hawaii by the United States Geological Survey and cooperative par- ties. The stations are arranged by stream basins and appear in sys- tematic order for the several islands, tributaries of main streams being indicated by indention. The date refers to the years or parts of years for which records are available. (See Pis. XII-XV, at end of volume.) EATTAI ISLAND. Waimea River near Waimea, 1909-1911. Poomau River: Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, 1909-1911. Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, 1909-191L Mohihi Stream near Waimea, 1909-1911. Waialae Stream near Waimea, 1910-11. Kekaha ditch at intake near Waimea, 1910-11. Kekaha ditch at flume No. 3, near Waimea, 1910-11. Kekaha ditch at siphon, near Waimea, 1910-11. Kekaha ditch at tunnel No. 12 weir, near Waimea, 1910-lL Waimea ditch near Waimea, 1911. Kamenehune ditch near Waimea, 1911. Makaweli River near Waimea, 1911. Olokele River: Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Makaweli, 1910-11. Poowaiomahaihai ditch near Waimea, 1911. Hanapepe River at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, 1911. Hanapepe River at Kaula, near Eleele, 1910-11. Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, 1911. Hanapepe ditch at Kaula, near Eleele, 1910-11. Hanapepe ditch at weir, near Makaweli, 1910-11. Hiloa Stream at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, 1911. Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, 191L Hanamaula River at Kapai, near Lihue, 1911. Wailua River: South Fork of Wailua River at siphon, near Lihue, 1910-11. South Fork of Wailua River above Waiehu Falls, near Lihue, 1911. Lihue ditch near Lihue, 1910-11. Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue, 1910-11. North Fork of Wailua River near Lihue, 1910-11. Kanaha ditch near Lihue, 1910-11. GAGING STATIOI^S. 33 KonohiM Stream at Makakualele weir, near Kapaa, 1911. Kaehulua Stream at Kainaliola (mule stable) weir, near Kapaa, 1911, Kaehulua Stream at Wainamuamu weir, near Kapaa, 1911. Kaehulua Stream at Kuhinoa weir, near Kapaa, 1911. Kapaa River at Kapahi, near Kapaa, 1910-11. Akulikuli Springs near Kapaa, 1909-1911. Kapahi ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa, 1909-1911. Tunnel ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa, 1909-1911. Kapaa ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa, 1909-1911. Pipe ditch at Kapahi, near Kapaa, 1909-1911. Kealia Stream: Kaneha ditch at Kaneha, near Kealia, 1907-191L Anahola River above dam at Kiokala, near Kealia, 1910. Anahola River at Kiokala dam, near Kealia, 1910-11. Anahola ditch at Kiokala, near Kealia, 1909-1911. Anahola ditch at makai weir, near Kealia, 1909-1911, Hanalei River near Hanalei, 1911. China ditch near Hanalei, 1911. Wainiha River at power house, near Wainiha, 1911. Wainiha canal at intake, near Wainiha, 1910-11. Wainiha canal at tunnel No. 18, near Wainihi, 191L Wainiha canal at tailrace, near Wainiha, 1911. OAHTT ISLAND. Palolo Stream: Waiomao Stream at 950-foot elevation, near Honolulu, 1911. Waiomao Stream at bridge above Pukele Stream, near Honolulu, 191L Manoa Stream at upper end of valley, near Honolulu, 1910-11. Manoa Stream at College of Hawaii, near Honolulu, 1909-10. Manoa Stream at Waialae Road, near Honolulu, 1910-11. Pauoa Stream below Kahuawai Springs, near Honolulu, 1911. Nuuanu Stream at Kuakini Street, Honolulu, 1911. Lulumaho ditch in Nuuanu Valley, near Honolulu, 1911. Luakaha weir in Nuuanu Valley, near Honolulu, 1910-lL Kaukonahua Stream: South Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near Wahiawa, 1911. North Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near Wahiawa, 1911. Wahiawa Reservoir ditch near Wahiawa, 1910-11. Kaipapau Stream near Hauula, 1906-7. Kaluanui Stream near Hauula, 1906-7. Punaluu Stream near Hauula, 1906-7. Waiahole Stream at Manianiaula, near Waikane, 1911, Waiahole Stream at Waiahole, near Waikane, 1911. Waihi Stream near Waikane, 1911. Halona Stream near Waikane, 1911. Waianu Stream near Waikane, 1911. MATTI ISLAND. Waihee Stream near Waihee, 1910-11. Waihee canal near Waihee, 1910-11. Waihee canal at weir near Wailuku, 1911. Spreckels ditch near Waihee, 1910-11. Spreckels ditch at Waiale weir, near Wailuku, 1910-11, 74323°— wsp 318—13 3 34 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Waiehu Stream: North Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, 1911. North Waiehu ditch near Wailuku, 1910-11. South Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, 1910-11. lao Stream near Wailuku, 1910-11. Maniania ditch near Wailuku, 1910-11. Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, 1910-11. South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, 1910-11. Palolo (Everett) ditch near Waikapu, 1910-11. Ukumehame Stream near Olawalu, 1911. Olowalu Stream: Olowalu ditch No. 1 near Olowalu, 1911. Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina, 1911. Kauaula Stream near Lahaina, 1911. Kauaula weir No. 1 near Lahaina, 1901, Kauaula weir No. 2 near Lahaina, 1901. Kauaula weir No. 3 near Lahaina, 1901. Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina, 1911. Lahainaluna weir No. 1 near Lahaina, 1901. Lahainaluna weir No. 2 near Lahaina, 1901. Kahoma Stream near Lahaina, 1911. Kahoma Stream at weir No. 1, near Lahaina, 1901. Kahoma Stream at weir No. 2, near Lahaina, 1901. Kahoma ditch at weir near Lahaina, 1911. Honokawai Stream near Lahaina, 1911. Honokawai weir No. 1 near Lahaina, 1901. Honolua Stream near Honokohau, 1911. Honolula ditch near Honokohau, 1911. ; Honokahau Stream near Honokahau, 1911. Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau, 1907-1911. Honokahau ditch above Honolua Stream, near Honokahau, 1910-11. Honokahau ditch at Honokawai weir, near Lahaina, 1910-11. Koolau ditch region : Koolau ditch near Keanae, 1910-11. Koolau ditch at Alo division weir, near Huelo, 190&-1911. Spreckels ditch region: Haipuaena Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Alo Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Oopuola Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Spreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, 1910-11. Spreckels ditch at station No. 2, near Huelo, 1911. Spreckels ditch at station No. 3, near Huelo, 1910-11. Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo, 1910-11. Spreckels ditch at station No. 5, near Huelo, 1911. Spreckels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo, 1911. Spreckels ditch at station No. 7, near Huelo, 1911. Spreckels ditch at station No. 8, near Huelo, 1911. Center ditch region: Center ditch near Huelo, 1910-lX. GAGING STATIONS. 35 Hamakua ditch region: Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Eailaa Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Oanui Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Honopou Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Halehaku Stream at dam, near Huelo, 1910-11. Halehaku Stream weir near Huelo, 1910-11. Opana Stream near Huelo, 1910-11. Opana ditch near Huelo, 1910-11. New Hamakua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo, 1910-11. New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo, 1910-11. Old Hamakua ditch at Opana weir, near Huelo, 1910-11. Kaluanui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakuapoko, 1910-11. Lowrie ditch at Opana weir, near Huelo, 1910-11. Haiku ditch at Peahi weir, near Huelo, 1910-11. HAWAII ISLAND. Hilo group: Wailuku River near HUo, 1911. ' HonoUi River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, 1911. Honolii ditch at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, 1911. Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo, 1911. 81 stations at 2,500 feet elevation, near Hilo, 1911. Hamakua group: Waipio River below Koiawe, near Waipio, 1911. Waipio River below Waima, near Waipio, 1911. Waipio River at 360 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Kawainui of Waipio River, near Waipio, 1911. Kawainxii Stream at 2,120 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Kawainui Stream at 1,435 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Kawainui Stream at 775 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Branch No. 3 of Kawainui Stream at 1,700 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Branch No. 2 of Kawainui Stream at 1,405 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Branch No. 1 of Kawainui Stream at 1,380 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Alakahi Stream at 1,200 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Alakahi Stream at 730 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Koiawe Stream at 1,120 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Koiawe Stream at 610 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Waima Stream at 790 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Waima Stream at 385 feet elevation, near Waipio, 1901-2. Kohala group: Honokane Stream: East Branch of Honokane Stream at 1,300 feet elevation, near Honokane, 1901. East Branch of Honokane Stream at 770 feet elevation, near Honokane, 1901. West Branch of Honokane Stream at 1,370 feet elevation, near Honokane, 1901. West Branch of Honokane Stream at 775 feet elevation, near Honokane, 1901. Kohala ditch near Kohala, 1910-11. 36 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII, ISLAND OF KAUAI. GENERAL FEATURES. Kaiiai is the smallest of the four large islands, and lies at the northwest end of the main group. (See PI. I.) It is separated from Oahu on the southeast by the Kaieie Waho Channel, the width of which is 63 sea miles, and its nearest landing, Nawiliwili, is 98 sea miles from Honolulu. (See PI. XIII, at end of volume.) On the map Kauai appears approximately circular in outline, but its greatest length east and west — that is, from Mana to Anahola — is about 32 miles, while its width, north and south, from Hanalei to Hanapepe, is only about 22 miles. Its area is 547 square miles, which is somewhat less than one-haK that of Rhode Island. Its shore line is fairly regular, and there are not many bays or capea. Hanalei on the north and Nawiliwili on the southeast are the two principal bays. Tte water is deep near the shore, and there are few coral reefs. It is probable, however, that the coastal plain, which extends around a large part of the island, is the result of wash from the highlands which has been deposited between the old shore line and coral reefs that may have existed originally. Mana Flat on the west, which is 2 or 3 miles wide and stretches westward about 10 miles from Waimea, appears to be due to wash which has been deposited on uphfted coral beds. The highest part of Kauai consists of the mountain mass called Waialeale, which occupies the central part of the island. Waialeale Peak is 5,080 feet above sea level. Kawaikini Peak, about 1 mile farther south, is 90 feet higher. From the region of these peaks the slope is rapid in every direction, being more precipitous, however, toward the east. Three important ridges, or divides, branch off from Waialeale and thus determine the course of the streams. One of these ridges extends toward the northeast through peaks back of Kealia and along the crest of the Anahola Mountains to the sea. The other two constitute the main divide or backbone of the island, which, starting at the southeast, follows along the Haupu Ridge east of Koloa across the Koloa-Lihue Gap and then northward along the ridge east of Hanapepe basin to the summit, where it turns slightly to the north- west along the western edge of the Wamiha basin to the sea. Another important divide leaves the main one at.Kilohana north of Alakai Swamp, and follows westward along the Kaunuohua Ridge, and then southward along the western edge of Waimea Canyon to the sea. These watersheds mark out four distinct drainage areas or basins. The western area includes Napah (the precipices) on the northwest, and that part of the island west of Waimea Canyon. It consists for the most part of open rolling country sloping to the west from ISLAND OP KAUAI. 37 Waimea Canyon, and intersected by numerous gulches which are practically dry except for a few hours after storms. Along the northwest coast, however, there are several short streams which issue from the deep, narrow canyons that lie among the cliflfs of this region. The southern basin comprises about one-third of the island and includes all the streams west and south of the main divide. The northern part of the area is comparatively flat and is of a swampy nature. There are numerous streams, all of which rise on the western slope of the divide at or near the crest and flow westward or south- ward. Most of them have cut deep channels, some of which are veri- table canyons, which extend far back from the sea and are separated by narrow ridges. The Waimea Canyon is especially noteworthy. It is about 10 miles long, a mile or more wide, and 2,000 to 3,000 feet deep. Its coloring and sculpturing are exquisite, and remind one of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. PracticaUy all the run-off from this basm reaches the sea through Waimea, Makaweli (Olokele), and Hanapepe Rivers. The eastern basin includes all streams east of the main divide and south of the Waialeale-Anahola divide. The greater part of this area is more or less open and comparatively flat, having, been leveled by erosive agencies for a considerable distance back from the sea. The general slope is comparatively light except Qear the crest of the divide, where it is very steep. The east side of Waialeale is almost vertical for a depth of 2,000 to 3,000 feet. The general slope has been somewhat modified by Kalepa Ridge on the east, 600 to 700 feet high and 5 miles long, through which Wailua River has cut its channel; and by Kilohana Crater west of Lihue, a tufa cone 1,134 feet in height which was thrown up after the general drainage lines had been formed. The run-off from this basin reaches the sea chiefly through the following streams : Huleia, Kapaia, North and South Wailua, Kapaa, and Anahola. The northern basin is somewhat triangular in shape and includes all streams going to sea between Anahola on the east and Napali on the west. This basin is characterized by several long, narrow ridges radi- ating northward from Waialeale and separating deep gulches that carry good-sized streams. The eastern part of the basin is compara- tively open and has only small streams. The western part is exceed- ingly well favored by large streams. The run-off' from this basin reaches the sea chiefly through the Wainiha, Lumahai, Waioli, Hana- lei, Kalihiwai, Kilauea, and Moloaa streams. As compared with the other islands, Kauai is unique in several ways. It is the oldest of the larger islands, and consists of one central moun- tain mass, diff'ering in this respect from Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii, each of which consists of two or more distinct mountain masses formed at different times. Because of its greater age its various natural features are better differentiated. 38 WATEB KESOUECES OP HAWAII. Erosion has wrought greater changes on Kauai than on the other islands. The valleys are longer, deeper, and broader. Permanent ritreams flow out to sea in every direction except on the western side, which is deprived of streams largely because of the deep Waimea Canyon, This canyon occupies a position at right angles to the general slope and intercepts the flow toward the west. The streams are not only of good size, but are more uniform in flow and flatter in grade than the streams on the other islands, though there are some waterfalls. (See PI. VII.) The rainfaU varies greatly in different localities according to exposure to trade winds and mountain masses and to elevation above the sea, but the range is not so great and irregu- lar as on the other islands. The average annual rainfall near sea leVel ranges from 15 or 20 inches at Mana to 63 inches at Koloa, on the leeward side, and from 45 inches at Lihue to 100 inches at Hanalei, on the windward side. The increase is rapid with increase ia eleva- tion, so that at 1,000 to 2,000 feet the rainfaU ranges from 100 to 200 inches annuaUy on the windward slopes. The fragmentary records available indicate that the increase continues to the summit of Waialeale, where the rainfaU probably exceeds 400 inches a year. Every important stream on Kauai is drawn upon to a greater or less extent for irrigation. The chief demand is for irrigation of cane, and the larger ditches are for that purpose. The cane belt extends from Mana on the west to Kilauea on the north, and all the streams within that area furnish water for cane. Rice is grown on the low- lands and in aU the vaUeys. Some taro is also grown in the valleys. Both rice and taro require large quantities of water and are grown only on the lowlands where water is easily obtained. Pineapples are also grown on Kauai and cotton is being tried, but these crops are not irrigated. Kauai is caUed the "garden island," probably on account of its flora, which is said to be more diverse and better developed than the flora on any of the other islands. The line of dense vegetation no longer reaches down to the sea as it probably did originally, but has receded a considerable distance from the shore. At the present time the dense vegetation is largely confined to the higher elevations, and even there it is being opened up somewhat through the depredations of wild pigs and a few wild cattle. Most of the forested area is now included in forest reserves, and efforts are being made to prevent further injury to the existing forests and encourage reforestation. The Territorial Government is much interested in preserving the forests because a large part of Kauai is still in public ownership, and so also is much of the water which is closely related to the forest cover. Private parties are also cooperating in preserving the forest and in reforestation. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 39 The population of Kauai by the census of 1910 was 23,952. Of these about one-half consists of Japanese, Chinese, and Portuguese. A large number of the Chinese are engaged in the rice industry, which they prmcipally control. The people live in small towns or villages, the largest of which are Waimea and Lihue. Lihue is the county seat and nearest landing from Honolulu. Other places of importance are Kekaha, MakaweH, Hanapepe, Eleele, Koloa, Kealia, Kilauea, and Hanalei. Kauai has no good harbor at the present time, but will have one in the near future. It has excellent roads which extend almost completely around the island and greatly facihtate overland travel. WAIMEA RrVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Waimea River basin comprises an area of approximately 58 square miles, exclusive of Makaweh River basin. It is much larger than any other river basin on Kauai. It lies north of Makaweh basin, west of Wainiha basm, and south of Kaunuohua Ridge, which sep- arates it from the Napah section. In shape it is almost a perfect square in its upper part, 7 miles on a side, with a handle attached to the south corner. The slope is toward the southwest. All the streams rise on the northeastern side at an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 feet, and flow, in parallel courses southwestward to the main stream, which runs southward in a canyon 2,000 to 3,000 feet deep. The main Waimea is called Poomau River in the upper part of its canyon. Disregarding change of name, the chief tributaries from north to south are Kauaikanana and Kokee streams from the west, and Kawaikoi, WaiakoaH, Mohihi, Koaie, Waialae, and Mokihana streams from the east. Of all the tributaries the Koaie has the deepest and longest canyon, which reaches well back toward its source. The Waimea basin hes on the leeward side of the main divide northwest of the Waialeale ram region, and receives less rain than the basins on the windward side. Ten rain gages were placed in the upper part of this basin m 1910 at elevations of 3,400 to 4,400 feet, and the rainfall for 1911 as shown by them ranged from 80 or 90 inches m the southern and western parts to more than 200 inches in the eastern and northern parts. (See pp. 410-415.) The northern part of the basin consists of an open, swampy country which serves as a natural reservoir for regulating the flow of the streams. Water is diverted for irrigation at various points below elevation 600 feet. The principal ditches in order downstream are Kekaha, Waimea, and Kamenehune, all of which divert water for use on the west side. Numerous other smaU rice and taro ditches exist in the vaUey. 40 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Gaging stations have been established on Kawaikoi, Waiakoali, Mohihi, and Waialae streams in the upper part of the basin and on Waimea River and the three main ditches below. WAIMEA RIVER NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. A gage was established on Waimea River July 9, 1910, at a point about 1,000 feet above its confluence with Makaweli River, and records were kept until October, 1911. The gage heights were affected at times by high water in Makaweh River and by backwater resulting from the accumulation of sand at the mouth. The chan- nel was also subject to scouring and silting during high stages. No provision was made for obtaining high-water measurements, and only wading measurements could be made. A new station was established October 5, 1911, just above the ford about 1 mUe above the old station and about 2 miles from the town of Waimea. A staff gage on the right bank, graduated in tenths of feet and read daily, is used to obtain gage heights. A wire suspension bridge is used for making measurements except at low water, when wading measurements are made. The stream bed is 70 feet wide, and the extreme range in stage is probably 8 to 10 feet. The station is below the main ditches, and the flow at dry periods represents only waste or seepage water, since the ditches at such periods take all the water at the points of diversion. Discharge measurements of Waimea River near Waimea, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. 1910. July 10 Sept. 28 Oct. 27 Nov. 15 1911. Feb. 16 Apr. 29 Sept. 15a Nov. 4° Hydrographer. W. F. Martin Martin, Pierce, Mendes J. E. Mendes Martin and Mendes Martin and Hoj^t W. F. Martin W. v. Hardy do Width. Feet. 27 46 100 29 60 50 7.2 3.5 Area of action. Sq.ft. 8.8 51 180 42.3 61 43.0 3.8 1.0 height. Feet. 1.50 1.90 3.60 2.50 2.98 2.38 63.80 C3.78 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 5.7 41.1 380 12.7 39.3 2.24 0.91 a Measurement made at new station about one-half mile above the old one, which was abandoned because of shifting channel. 6 Gage height at old station 2.80. c Gage height at old station 1.72. Note.— An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. Measure- ments made by wading at various sections. ISLAND OP KAUAI. 41 Daily gage height, in feet, of Waimea River near Waimea, Kauai for 1910-11. [S. D. Z. Naahielua and T. Mokuahakea, observers.] Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 1.48 1.45 1.45 1.88 3.40 1.74 1.50 1.49 1.47 1.48 1.56 1.46 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 al.58 a2.45 a2.64 1.65 3.42 1.44 02. 01 O2.09 1.43 O2.30 a2.19 1.50 «3.12 1.92 1.90 1.50 1.50 1.66 1.64 01.76 1.90 7.90 5.30 4.05 4.05 3.48 3.13 2.96 2.82 2.68 3.20 2.83 2.64 2.52 2.48 4.18 4.18 3.22 2.75 2.65 2.82 3.59 2.75 2.54 2.50 2.48 2.45 2.44 2.38 2.35 1910. 16 1.58 al.84 1.55 1.50 2.12 1.70 1.52 1.50 1.50 "1.60 a2.68 2.76 1.78 1.58 1.51 1.50 1.43 01.95 1.40 1.40 1.48 3.00 1.68 1.48 1.45 1.68 1.92 1.55 1.50 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.66 02.10 03.21 1.50 2.09 1.70 0I.86 03.32 1.60 1.50 1.60 2.13 1.85 1.62 1.50 a2.92 1.48 02.31 1.52 1.42 O2.05 01.85 02.88 03. 80 1.62 1.66 5.68 5.75 2.82 2.31 2.08 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2. .38 2.38 2.59 2.65 2.46 2.95 2.75 2.35 2 17 2.35 3 18 2.35 4.. 19 2.32 5 20 2.30 6 21 2 29 7.. .' 22 2.28 8 23 2.28 9 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.54 1.50 24 3.75 10.. 25 5.95 11 26 4.22 12 27 4 14 13. . 28 2.98 14 29 3 30 15 30 6.85 31 3 82 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 3.28 2.95 2.64 2.52 5.23 4.60 3.75 6.45 4.62 4.28 4.26 4.28 4.54 3.61 3.36 3.30 5.95 5.45 6.12 4.50 3.74 3.54 3.32 4.90 4.60 3.39 3.22 3.50 3.17 2.95 .■^.07 5.95 4.18 3.36 4.05 3.38 5.27 4.44 5.38 5.79 6.88 4.12 3.55 3.35 3.15 2.96 2.87 2.76 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.51 2.50 2.50 4.24 3.34 5.81 4.51 3.70 3.24 2.98 2.88 2.78 2.73 2.70 2.70 4.18 3.54 3.00 2.82 2.77 2.71 2.62 2.57 2.85 3.28 3,31 3.40 3.44 3.22 4.55 3.43 2.86 5.50 4.89 4.24 3.82 3.73 4.20 3.42 3.18 3.04 2.91 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.41 2.38 2.32 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.17 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.04 2.00 2.00 2.30 2.12 2.65 5.40 5.52 3.59 2.89 2.49 2.62 2.45 2.18 2.01 1.94 1.90 1.98 2.10 2.02 1.94 1.89 4.58 2.76 2.25 1.98 1.94 2.75 3.38 3.40 2.48 2.25 2.05 1.91 2.48 2.54 2.50 2.04 1.94 1.90 4.18 3.58 5.25 3.06 2.65 2.44 2.15 2.04 2.02 1.99 2.00 2.75 3.28 2.29 2.10 1.90 1.80 2.12 2.48 1.92 1.79 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.78 1.84 1.80 2.32 2.38 1.88 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.75 2.12 1.97 2.15 1.99 1.76 1.71 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 O2.80 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.70 1.75 O1.80 a2.64 O2.90 1.70 1.70 1.70 4.34 2.44 1.84 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.76 1.70 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 01.79 O2.70 1.73 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 01.80 02.55 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 01.80 O2.70 02.58 1.70 al.82 02.08 1.70 1.70 2.00 2.29 2.08 1.92 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 2.65 3.88 2.28 1.85 1.95 1.70 2.74 6.70 3.38 2.65 2.70 2.28 2.12 1.95 3.75 3.80 3.70 3.65 3.80 3.75 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 4.61 4.19 4.05 5.00 5.21 6.30 5.40 5.38 5.32 4.90 3.81 6.22 4.90 5.02 4.40 3.93 3.90 3 85 2 3 85 3 3 81 4 3 80 5 4.00 3 80 3 80 7 3 80 8 5 60 9 3.85 3.83 3.82 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.81 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.80 3.80 3.75 3.75 3.71 3.80 4.00 3.82 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.71 .■i 71 4.40 10 4 40 11 5 50 12 4 80 13 4 81 14 4 09 15 7 20 16 5 20 17 5 02 18 5 00 19 4 50 20 4 10 21 4 00 22 3 97 23 5 80 24 5 00 25 4 00 26 4 00 27 3 90 28 3 90 29 6 01 30 4 59 31 4 00 1 1 o Gage height aflected by backwater caused by sand bar at mouth of river. 42 WATEE KESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waimea River near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 6 4 4 41 323 25 6 6 4 6 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 07 olO 013 16 323 4 04 04 4 05 06 6 024 41 41 6 6 16 16 013 41 2,200 660 250 250 140 86 59 41 30 93 47 26 13 13 290 290 93 36 26 41 160 36 16 13 13 10 10 7 4 1910. 16 12 010 9 6 64 20 6 6 6 06I 0II6 172 30 12 6 6 4 03 2 2 6 225 20 6 4 20 41 9 6 6 6 4 16 013 09 6 64 20 ol7 15 12 6 6 70 36 12 6 09 6 06 6 2 04 06 08 a 10 12 16 1,360 1,390 182 92 64 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 26 10 59 36 4 2 17 4 3 18 4 4 19 2 5 20 2 6 21 2 7 22 2 8 23 2 9 6 6 6 6 20 9 6 24 190 10 25 965 11 26 290 12 27 275 13 28 65 14 29 109 15 30 1,480 31 200 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1. 109 59 26 13 640 410 190 1,240 410 320 305 320 420 175 130 120 560 390 620 400 210 165 120 540 435 140 105 160 95 70 105 1,100 355 150 310 165 740 430 810 1,020 1,690 330 190 150 115 85 70 60 55 45 35 30 30 30 370 150 1.010 450 225 130 95 80 65 60 55 55 350 190 95 65 60 65 55 50 90 160 160 180 190 145 500 190 90 910 630 400 275 265 385 180 145 120 95 65 55 55 45 45 35 30 30 25 20 20 20 15 12 8 8 35 15 75 920 970 250 110 55 70 50 25 8 4 2 8 15 8 4 2 560 90 30 8 4 90 210 210 55 30 12 2 55 65 55 12 4 2 420 250 840 140 75 50 20 12 8 8 8 90 185 35 15 2 15 55 2 4 45 55 6 4 2 22 10 25 15 »0 aO 00 aO 500 60 4 00 aO 00 00 aO aO 10 00 00 25 55 30 15 100 380 55 10 20 120 1,820 250 100 110 55 30 20 a 18 a 17 0I6 a 13 12 all 08 06 4.6 4.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 .0 2.2 12 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.1 2.2 .0 .0 2.2 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2. 2.2 2.2 58 25 15 100 125 338 154 154 139 88 2.2 314 88 100 40 10 7 4.6 2 4.6 3 2.2 4. 2.2 5 2.2 6 2.2 7 2.2 8 187 9 40 10 40 11 170 12 77 13 77 14 18 15. 580 16. ... . .. 125 17 100 18 100 19. 49 20 18 21 12 22 10 23.. . 225 24 100 25 12 26 12 27 7 28 7 29 268 30 58 31. . . . 12 a Discharge interpolated, because gage heights were uiu'eUable. Note. — Daily discharge computed from rating curves covering short periods and by the indirect method for shifting channels. Daily discharge after Oct. 1, 1911, obtained from a rating curve at the new station, which was poorly defined. The discharge at this station includes only the water passing out to sea through Waimea River below all diversions. ISLAND or KAUAI. 43 Monthly discharge of Waiviea River near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. July 9-31 August September October November December 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 172 323 323 1,390 2,200 1,480 26.1 26.3 23.9 109 139 150 1,240 1,690 910 970 - 840 185 500 1,820 18 338 580 13 30 50 8 2 2.2 290 364 201 114 105 20.6 20.6 0.0 106 4.86 59.3 75.0 1,820 111.8 1,190 1,620 1,420 6,700 8,270 9,220 17,800 20,200 12,400 6,780 6,460 1,230 1,270 6,310 299 3,530 4,610 80, 900 NOXE. — These estimates include only the water passing to sea below all diversions. KAWAIKOI STREAM NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Kawaikoi Stream rises in Alakai Swamp, in the northern part of Waimea basin, and discharges into Poomau River about 3 miles below. It drains 5 or 6 square miles and has a gentle grade except near its mouth, where it drops about 1,300 feet in a short distance. A gage-height record was started by A. F. Knudsen, in April, 1909, at the ford only a short distance above the falls. In May, 1910, a sta- tion was established about 300 feet above the ford at 3,400 feet ele- vation, and the gage heights at the old gage were transferred to the new gage. A Friez register was installed for obtaining gage heights and a wire bridge was built for use in making high-water measure- ments. During the latter part of 1911 the Friez instrument was replaced by a Barrett & Lawrence hydro-chronograph in order to reduce the number of necessary visits from one a week to one a month. The range in stage from low water to extreme high water is about 10 feet at the station. 44 WATER RESOURCES OP HAWAH. Discharge measurements of Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, in 1909-1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Gage section. height. Sq.ft. Feet. 69 2.19 14.0 1.53 70 2.49 57 1.84 80 1.74 18.3 1.71 86 1.93 127 3.10 99 2.95 3.75 1.65 Dis- charge. 1909. Dec. 10 12 1910. Jan. 20 May 23 Nov. 13 14 1911. Apr. 22 231 Sept. 8 Oct. 12 W. F. Martin. do do Martin and Dodge. . Martin and Mendes. do W. F.Martin ....do Hardy and Homer. W.V.Hardy Feet. 27 13.8 41.5 31.8 70 13.8 29.5 29.0 25.0 7.0 Sec.-ft. 49.4 7.0 84 14.0 10.4 10.0 13.2 103 81 6.0 a Measurement made from bridge. Note.— Measurements made by wading at various sections except as noted. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911. [F. B. Dodge, J. E. Mendes, and D. E. Homer, observers.) Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 2.42 2.73 2.20 2.19 1.99 2.01 1.90 1.82 1.79 2.10 2.05 1.84 1.82 2.04 1.82 1.76 1.75 1.68 1.63 1.76 1.66 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.52 1.60 1.50 1.46 1.82 1.78 0.95 1.43 1.43 1.53 1.63 1.49 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.40 1.50 1.52 1.59 1.50 1.95 1.60 1.74 1.55 2.58 2.01 2.05 1.91 1.62 2.49 1.76 1.60 1.52 2.01 1.69 2.25 2.3 2.8 2.67 2.05 2.05 1.9 1.9 2.49 2.9 2.3 1.92 1.85 1.63 1.53 2.29 2.25 2.10 1.62 2.65 2.10 2.53 2.06 2.62 2.07 2.75 2.08 2.19 2.33 2.41 2.11 1.95 1.80 1.75 1.76 1.91 2.38 2.10 2.41 2.10 1.92 1.95 1.85 1.75 2.4 1.95 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.65 1.65 1.98 1.84 1.80 1.66 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.53 1.59 1.53 1.72 1.95 1.71 1.59 1.53 1.74 1.82 1.79 1.98 2.39 2.10 2.49 1.92 1.78 1.71 1.75 1.87 1.87 1.72 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.68 1.63 1.56 1.82 1.94 1.68 1.82 1.66 1.94 1.84 1.64 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.63 2.01 1.75 1.57 1.57 1.76 1.59 1.50 1.64 1.71 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.53 1.75 1.71 1.5 1.5 1.5 "2.'2" 1.7 1.57 1.50 1.50 1.48 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.36 1.33 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.63 1.62 2.48 1.76 1.55 1.45 1.52 1.64 1.62 1.67 2.47 1.95 3.02 2.22 1.82 2.01 1.79 1.68 2.44 1.9 1.85 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.15 2.0 1.85 1.88 1.92 1.80 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.48 1.44 1.71 2.34 1.75 1.71 1.60 1.52 1.50 1.44 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.36 1.40 1.33 1.31 1.36 1.56 2 1.53 3 1.59 4 1.79 5 2.70 6 1.76 7 1.62 8 9 1.41 10 ' 2.24 11 1.69 12 1.55 13 1.75 1.71 1.71 1.68 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.71 1.84 1.68 1.64 1.60 1.59 1.66 1.88 1.75 1.66 3.30 1.44 14 1.38 15 1.38 16 1.38 17 1.41 18 1.63 19 2.38 20 2.18 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 6.50 28 29 30 31 1910. 1 1.62 '2.'2"' 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.75 2 1.75 3 1.94 1.91 1.90 1.87 1.82 1.75 "2.'53" 2.22 1.98 1.80 1.69 3.80 2.08 1.8 4 1.8 5 1.75 6 1.85 2.20 2.02 1.90 2.39 '2.' 62" 2.22 1.55 7 1.5 8 1.87 1.55 9 1.5 10 „ 1.82 3.38 1.5 ISLAND OP KAUAI. 45 Daily gage hdght, in feet, of Kawaikoi Stream nearWaimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. J 910. 11 1.92 2.10 3.28 2.13 1.99 2.26 3.10 2.97 2.25 2.62 3.20 2.33 2.06 2.29 2.25 2.18 2.02 1.92 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.87 1.82 1.74 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.49 1.80 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.62 2.64 1.94 1.88 "i.'82' 1.76 1.71 1.92 1.80 "'2.'i6' 1.95 1.90 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.75 1.75 1.75 2.55 2.95 2.3 1.95 -1.9 1.95 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.95 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.95 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 2.69 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.75 2.40 2.66 3.0 2.6 2.59 3.2 2.3 3.02 2.7 2.3 2.55 2.82 2.4 2.1 2.37 2.4 2.63 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.05 2.0 2.05 2.1 2.25 2.2 2.15 2.05 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.75 1.75 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.09 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.07 2.1 1.8 1.92 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.95 1.75 1.9 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.85 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.85 2.15 1.9 1.85 1.75 1.8 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 2.2 1.8 1.75 2.0 1.95 1.8 2.15 2.0 1.75 1.65 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.65 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.68 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.03 1.85 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.8 1.65 1.55 1.5 1.7 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.65 2.0 1.65 1.6 1.55 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.85 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.05 2.2 2.61 3.2 1.8 2.0 2.77 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.55 4.57 3.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 12 1.5 13 1.45 14 1.4 15 1.4 16 1.4 17 18 19 20 21 1.90 2.06 2.67 2.60 2.27 1.95 '"2.08" 2.04 4.61 4.08 2.41 22 23 24 25 1.68 1.64 1.63 1.60 26 27 28 1.99 2.16 L91 1.97 1.90 1.85 29 30 31 1911. 1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.85 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 2.0 3.1 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.35 3.0 2.5 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.15 2.1 2.1 2.05 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.95 2.8 2.95 2.75 2.5 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.7 1.6 1.65 2.44 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.85 1.75 2.1 1.85 2.95 - 2.7 2.0 1.95 2.7 2.5 2.2 4.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.95 2.2 1.95 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.8 1:? 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.75 1.9 1.75 1.75 2.5 3.4 2.4 2.95 2.8 1.9 "2.'7" 2.15 2.0 2.0 1.85 2 1.75 3 1.7 4 1.75 5 1.65 6 1.65 7 2.4 2.4 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.48 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.75 8 2.6 9 2.1 10 2.1 11 2 5 12 2.25 13 2 15 14 2.2 15 • 3.4 16 2.55 17 2.45 18 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.95 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 19 2.15 20T 2.0 21 1.8 22, • 1.75 23 "^ 2 6 24 2.0 25 1 85 26 1 8 1 75 28 2 82 29 3.0 30 1.85 31 1.95 46 WATEE EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai for 1909-1911. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 54 88 35 34 22 23 17 13 12 28 25 14 13 24 13 11 10 8.0 6.8 11 7.5 6.0 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.4 6.0 4.0 3.4 13 11 021 031 041 51 037 23 37 031 o25 al9 13 11 8.8 18 12 ol7 022 28 20 17 14 11 9.9 10 10 10 67 114 43 0.0 3.0 3.0 4.6 6.8 3.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.0 4.4 5.8 4.0 20 6.0 10 5.0 71 23 25 18 6.5 61 11 6.0 4.4 23 8.2 39 43 96 81 25 25 17 17 61 108 43 80 120 73 72 147 43 122 84 43 68 98 52 28 49 52 76 35 22 28 28 18 14 6.8 4.6 023 42 39 28 6.5 68 28 65 26 75 26 90 27 34 46 53 29 20 12 10 11 18 50 28 53 28 18 20 14 10 52 20 12 12 10 7.2 7.2 26 28 12 18 43 28 12 12 20 17 12 8.5 12 28 20 10 17 10 8.5 6.0 6.0 21 14 12 7.5 6.8 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.6 5.8 4.6 9.2 20 8.8 5.8 4.6 9.9 13 12 21 51 28 61 18 11 8.8 10 16 7.8 9.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 28 62 17 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 82 73 17 8.5 6.0 24 14 6.0 8.5 6.0 5.0 4.0 8.0 6.8 5.2 13 19 8.0 13 7.5 19 14 7.0 5.0 4.4 3.8 6.8 23 10 5.4 5.4 11 5.8 4.0 7.0 8.8 5.4 4.6 4.0 4.6 10 8.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 09.0 ol4 ol9 o24 o29 35 8.5 4.0 4.0 14 6.0 8.5 22 12 6.0 4.0 25 35 74 147 12 22 92 84 35 17 22 5.4 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 6.8 6.5 60 11 5.0 3.2 4.4 7.0 6.5 7.8 59 20 123 37 13 23 12 8.0 56 17 14 17 12 8.5 12 22 73 32 22 12 8.5 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 10 8.5 8.5 6.0 5.0 418 192 35 6 62 6 96 14 16 18 12 09.0 6.0 5.2. 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.1 8.8 47 10 8.8 6.0 4.4 4.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 6 545 6 280 6 120 35 22 28 28 28 22 17 17 12 12 10 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.2 8.5 8.5 8.5 ....... 2.1 2 4 6 3 5.8 4 12 5 84 6 11 7 6 5 8 04.6 9 2.6 10 38 11 8.2 12 5.0 13 10 8.8 8.8 8.0 7.5 7.8 8.0 8.8 14 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.8 7.5 16 10 7.5 161 3.1 14 2.3 15 2.3 16 2.3 17 2.6 18 6.8 19 50 20 34 21 67.0 22 67.0 23 67.0 24 6 200 25 6 200 26 6 200 27 cl,280 28 6 100 29 6 100 30 6 200 31 6 200 1910. 1 619 619 19 18 17 16 13 10 O90 173 44 26 42 39 34 23 18 16 14 13 16 13 9.9 O9.0 8.0 7.0 6.8 6.0 6.5 26 46 65 37 21 12 8.0 08.7 09.4 olO all 0I2 12 5.8 5.0 4.0 3.8 12 014 17 26 81 73 41 20 021 22 32 18 6 18 645 645 243 27 20 14 35 23 17 14 10 8.8 8.0 07.5 07.0 6.5 77 19 16 020 o24 27 24 430 298 53 036 20 17 14 10 2 10 3 12 4 12 5 10 6 5.0 7 4.0 8 16 a 14 13 18 28 158 30 22 40 133 116 39 75 147 6 25 625 6 25 6 25 6 25 625 6 25 6 25 625 6 25 5.0 9 4.0 10 4.0 11 4.0 12 4.0 13 3.2 14 2.5 15 2.5 16 2.5 17 18 19 20 21..^ 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 o Discharge interpolated. 6 Discharge estimated. e Discharge estimated with high-water mark as guide. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 47 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai for 1909-1911- Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 012 al2 a 12 ol2 12 ol2 12 14 17 17 17 17 17 17 6 18 6 19 6 21 22 22 22 22 20 20 22 22 22 22 6 22 22 22 22 12 14 12 12 12 14 14 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 133 140 140 140 147 147 147 365 120 62 48 43 43 43 35 32 28 28 25 20 17 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 96 114 90 62 32 32 32 28 20 17 20 22 22 22 17 20 20 17 17 17 17 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 20 17 17 14 14 83 225 192 133 90 52 43 35 22 22 25 22 25 28 39 35 32 25 22 22 17 12 10 10 12 17 28 17 17 17 27 43 52 17 12 22 14 12 8.5 1.5 14 32 17 14 10 12 22 20 17 17 17 14 35 12 10 22 20 12 32 22 10 7.2 12 73 17 8.5 7.2 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 12 7.2 6.0 4.0 8.5 7.2 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 7.2 22 7.2 6.0 5.0 17 12 6.0 6.0 5.0 8.5 6.0 7.2 56 96 52 62 28 14 10 28 14 114 84 22 20 84 62 35 350 43 73 52 52 35 17 22 17 17 20 35 20 22 20 17 12 8.5 8.5 7.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 10 17 10 10 62 176 52 114 96 17 6 51 6 68 84 32 22 22 14 2 . 10 3 8 5 4 10 5 7.2 6 7 2 7 52 52 57 57 57 57 57 60 10 8 73 9 28 10 28 11 62 12 39 13 32 14 35 15 176 68 17 57 52 19 32 22 12 22 10 23 73 24 22 14 12 27 10 99 29 22 1 14 31 20 1 a Discharge estimated. 6 Discharge interpolated. Note.— No record Jan. 1 to 7 and Dec. 17 to 31, 1910; also Jan. 1 to 6 and 16 to 31, 1911. Monthly discharge of Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai for 1909-1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 1909. AprDlS^ 161 88 71 90 61 23 23 47 1,280 5.8 3.4 0.0 4.6 4.6 3.8 1.4 1.6 2.1 17.2 16.6 12.9 32.2 13.6 8.61 16.2 7.12 90.0 614 1,020 768 1,980 836 512 996 424 5,530 B. B. B. July ^ C. B. September B. October B. November. , B. December D. The period 12,700 1910. 158 173 81 430 114 147 62 82 147 418 546 12 13 6.0 3.8 6.6 8.8 17 6.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 2.5 45.8 26.4 22.6 63.6 25.7 61.2 16.7 14.1 26.5 36.7 43.0 5.92 2,180 1,470 1,380 3,180 1,580 3,640 1,030 867 1,580 2,260 2,560 188 C. March C. April c. May c. B. July B. B. C. October C. November C. December 1-16 C. The period 6 o645 2.5 32.2 21,900 I Estimated. 6 For 343 days. 48 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Kaioaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911 — Contd. Month. Discharge in second-feet. MaTJmnm. Minimum. Mean Run-oft (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1911. January 7-14 February March April May June July August September October November December Thepcriodo 60 22 365 114 225 52 73 22 350 35 176 176 52 12 12 12 14 10 1.5 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 7.2 56.1 17.7 65.0 28.6 40.5 24.2 17.5 6.46 48.5 10.1 31.0 34.8 4,000 1,700 2,490 1,440 1,080 397 2,890 621 1,840 2,140 365 1.5 28.9 20,500 a For 342 days. WAIAKOALI STREAM NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Waiakoali Stream drains an area comprising 2 or 3 square miles just south of the Kawaikoi and joins the latter in the gorge below the falls. A gage was installed in April, 1909, under the direction of A. F. Knudsen, and readings were made in connection with the record on Kawaikoi Stream. In May, 1910, the old gage was replaced by a new one at the ford a few hundred feet above, and the readings on the old gage were transferred to the new. A wooden bridge was also built for use in making highwater measurements. Since the summer of 1910 only occasional gage readings have been made. This station is near the permanent camp house which has been built in the upper Waimea basin. Discharge measurements of Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, Kauai, in 1909-1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1909. Dec. 10 1910. Nov. 13 1911. Apr. 22 23 Sept. 8« Oct. 13« W^ F.Martin. Martin and Mendes. W. F.Martin do Hardy and Homer . W. V.Ha»dy Feet. 3.2 10.1 12.5 18.0 2.0 1.7 Sq.ft. 1.18 11.4 0.86 0.53 Feet. 1.78 2.20 2.44 3.15 2.23 2.24 See.-ft. 1.44 4.10 6.4 31.2 I.IS 0.71 a Gage height probably afiected by growth of grass and weeds in channel below gage. Note.— Measurements made by wading at various sectiona. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 49 Daily gage height, infect, of Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911. [F. B. Dodge, J. E. Mendes, and D. E. Homer, observers.] Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jtme. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 2.35 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.85 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.75 1.75 1.8 1.7 1.75 1.6 1.7 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 2.15 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1. .55 1.5 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.6 1.85 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.85 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.7 1.65 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.9 2.15 1.85 2.15 1.95 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.95 1.95 2.1 2.25 2.05 1.8 1.7 1.65 1.65 1.8 2.15 1.9 1.75 1.9 1.75 1.85 1.75 1.8 1.65 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.6 1.6 1.75 2.25 2.1 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.7 1.6 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.75 1.85 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.6 2.05 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.7 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.15 1.7 1.7 1.95 2.8 1.5 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.85 1.95 1.8 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.6 2.25 1.8 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.55 1.5 1.45 1.5 1.5 2 1.65 3 1.8 4 1.95 5 3.1 6 2.0 7 1.9 8 9 1.7 10 1.75 11 1.9 12 1.75 13 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.15 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.7 14 1.65 15 1.6 16.., 1.6 1.65 18 1.65 2.85 20 2.3 21 23 24 25 26 5.0 28 30 1910. 1 . . 1.95 2 1.95 3 2.2 2.2 2.15 2.1 2.05 2.05 "'2.75' 3.2 1.55 2.2 2.25 5 6 2.15 2.05 2.0 2.15 2.2 2.2 2.15 2.3 8 2.05 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.65 1.95 10 2.0 2.05 2.05 2.15 2.4 2.2 2.45 3.3 3.25 2.6 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.45 2.6 2.55 2.45 2.35 2.2 2.15 2.1 2.1 2.05 2.05 2.0 11.: "i.'g"' 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 2.0 1.65 1.95 1.95 2.85 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.6 12 13 2.15 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.15 2.6 2.85 2.2 2.2 1.85 1.95 15 2.6 2.6 2.0 16 17 2.25 2.7 2.05 2.05 1.95 1.95 1.95 2.0 2.7 1.95 18 2.15 2.1 20 1.55 2.35 2.3 2.2 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.1 2.1 21 1.85 1.95 2.65 2.6 2.3 2.1 i'i" 2.3 3.7 4.9 2.75 1.95 1.95 22 2.45 2.4 2.1 23 2.5 24 2.1 25 2.0 1.95 1.95 1.95 2.35 26 27 2.05 28 2.1 2.2 2.05 2.3 2.2 2.15 2.1 2.1 29 2.4 30 31 74323°— wsp 318—13- 60 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of Waiakoali Stream near Waimca, Kauai, for 1909-1911 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.25 2 2.55 2.5 3 2.5 4 2.25 2.3 5 2.45 2.45 6 2.8 7 2.5 2.4 2.4 8 2.25 2.4 9 2.55 2.0 10 2.5 11 2.25 2.25 12 2.5 2.5 2.25 2.25 2.2 13 2.85 14 2.45 2.3 2.4 15 2.25 2.3 16 2.4 2.4 17 18 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.2 19 2.5 2.5 20 21 2.4 2.45 3.2 2.35 2.35 22 2.5 2.5 23 2.4 2.4 24 25 2.3 2.7 2.2 2.2 26 2.55 3.4 27 28 2.6 2.55 2.7 2.5 29 2.45 2.4 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waiakoali Streamnear Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 5.4 16 4.0 3.2 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .8 0.8 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 1.8 1.1 1.5 .8 .8 1.8 .8 .6 .6 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 .8 .6 01.3 2.0 3.6 1.8 3.6 2.2 2.0 6.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.2 2.2 3.2 4.4 2.8 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.5 3.6 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6 1.3 1.1 .8 .6 .6 .8 .8 1.3 4.4 3.2 4.9 2.0 1.1 1.0 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 1.3 1.8 1.1 .8 .6 .6 .8 2.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 1.1 1.3 1.1 .8 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 :i .6 4.9 .8 .8 .5 .5 .8 3.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 16 .5 2.0 4.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 1.5 al.2 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .8 4.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .5 0.5 2 :... 1.0 3 1.5 4 2.2 5 29 6 2.5 7 ;. 2.0 8 ol.6 9 1.1 10 1.3 11 2.0 12 1.3 13 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.0 3.6 2.0 1.5 6.0 1.1 14 1.0 15 .8 16 .8 17 1.0 18 1.0 19 18 20 4.9 21 6 2.0 22 6 2.0 23 6 2.0 24 6 50 25 6 50 26 6 50 27 c260 28 6 25 29 6 25 30 6 50 31 6 50 o Discharge interpolated. 6 Discharge estimated. f Discharge estimated with high-water mark as guide, ISLAND OF KAUAI. 51 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911^ Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 o4.0 o4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.8 a 4. 4 6.0 6.0 6.8 10 8.8 6.8 5.4 4.0 3.6 3.2 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.5 a 2. 5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 o6.2 olO 14 08.8 3.6 2.8 2.5 a2.5 a2.5 a 2. 2 o2.0 o2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 01.8 1.8 2.2 12 10 4.9 3.2 a 3. 2 3.2 4.0 2.8 olO ol8 a 2.7 34 .6 a 2. 4 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.6 aS.O 2.5 1.0 2.2 02.2 2.2 2.2 18 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.9 75 243 14 o9.4 4.9 4.0 3.6 13 4.9 3.6 03.8 O4.0 4.2 o4.4 o4.8 4.9 4.7 o4.4 04.1 o3.8 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 o2.6 al.6 .6 5.4 4.9 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.2 o3.3 o3.4 3.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.2 3 4 4.0 4 4 5 6 4.9 7 8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.6 6.0 4.0 6.8 40 37 10 13 34 66 66 66 66 56 66 66 66 66 66 4.9 4.0 9 12 2.2 10 11 4.0 10 12 13 10 18 4.0 4.0 14 1.8 2.2 2.5 10 2.5 17 4.4 13 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 13 2.2 3.6 3.2 19 2.2 2.2 22 6.8 6.0 3.2 23 7.7 24 3.2 5.4 27 2.8 3.2 3.2 29 6.0 31 1911. 1 .. . 3.8 3.5 1.0 1.2 2 6.2 5.5 7.7 4 1.8 2.2 6.5 6.5 16 • 7 7.7 3.5 3.5 1.2 1.9 9 6.2 1.8 7.7 11, 1.7 1.7 12 7.3 6.7 0.8 .8 .6 18 14 6.8 2.5 3.2 1.2 1.5 4.2 4.2 17 10 10 1.4 1.4 19 6.7 6.7 21 6.0 6.8 34 2.8 2.6 22 2.3 2.3 23 3.8 3.8 24 4.9 13 1.2 1.2 7.0 18 27 10 8.8 5.6 3.6 29 1.8 1.6 30 6.0 31 a Discharge Interpolated. 6 Discharge estimated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. No record for the days on which discharge is omitted. 52 WATEE KESOUECES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge oj Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, Kauai for 1909-10. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-oflE (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. April 13-30. May June , July August September.. October November. . December. . 1909. 6.0 16 1.8 6.0 4.9 2.8 16 4.4 (1260 2.26 2.13 .79 2.14 1.25 1.00 1.70 1.00 20.6 80.7 131 47. 132 76.9 59.5 105 59.5 1,270 The period. 1,960 January 8-31. February March April May 40 10 14 243 5.4 2.5 2.2 1.8 .6 9.50 4.15 4.25 16.9 3.72 452 230 261 1,010 229 o Estimated. Note. — After May, 1910, the data were insuiBcient for an estimate. MOHIHI STEEAM NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Mohihi Stream drains about 3 square miles just south of Waiakoali basin and north of Koaie basin. It is tributary to Poomau River about half a mile below the junction of Kawaikoi and Kauaikanana streams. The lower part of its course lies in a deep canyon, which extends back nearly a mile from its mouth. A gage was placed at the lower crossing just above the falls in April, 1909, by A. F. Knudsen, and was read daily during the rest of the year. In the summer of 1910 a wire bridge was built for use in making high- water measurements. This station is southeast of the camp, and only occasional gage-height observations have been made since the summer of 1910. The elevation of the station is about 3,400 feet. Discharge measurements of Mohihi Stream near Waimea, Kavm, in 1909-1911. Date. 1909. Dec. 10 Do... 1910. May 22 Nov. 13 Do.. 1911. Apr. 22 Sept. 8 Oct. 13 Hydrographer. W. F. Martin. do Martin and Dodge . . Martin and Mendes. do W. F. Martin Hardv and Horner . W.V.Hardy Width. Feet. 2.85 2.85 7.3 29.0 7.2 20.3 6.8 3.7 Area of action. Sq.ft. 3.81 3.81 4.78 60 4.30 11.6 2.27 1.52 Gage height. Feet. 3.70 3.70 3.83 3.81 3.81 4.04 3.68 3.70 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 3.19 2.76 5.1 3.75 3.74 9.2 1.55 1.69 Note. — Measurements made by wading at various sections. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 53 Daily gage height, in feet, of Mohihi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911. [F. B. Dodge, J. E. Mendes, and D. E. Horner, observers.) Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 4.44 4.69 4.17 4.04 3.98 3.94 3.90 3.90 3.88 3.96 4.08 3.94 3.90 3.88 3.88 3.88 3.88 3.85 3.83 3.81 3.81 3.79 3.79 3.77 3.77 3.77 3.77 3.77 3.79 3.77 3.77 3.88 ..3.85 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.73 3.77 4.02 3.90 3.96 3.83 3.79 3.88 3.79 3.75 3.75 3.83 3.79 3.90 3.85 3.88 3.83 3.96 4.17 3.92 4.27 3.94 3.96 4.25 4.02 3.96 4.08 3.94 3.98 4.00 4.14 4.19 4.10 3.88 3.83 3.79 3.79 3.92 4.42 4.08 4.29 4.00 3.88 3.88 3.85 3.85 3.81 3.77 3.75 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.73 3.94 3.85 3.88 3.75 3.79 3.79 3.81 3.85 4.33 4.19 4.27 3.98 3.83 3.75 3.75 3.79 3.79 3.81 3.79 3.83 3.75 3.85 3.85 3.83 3.73 3.73 3.83 3.88 3.79 3.75 3.73 3.66 3.75 4.04 3.85 3.79 3.71 3.75 3.73 3.73 3.71 3.73 3.73 3.69 3.69 3.71 3.79 3.88 3.79 3.77 3.71 3.71 3.71 3.66 3.66 3.66 3.64 3.64 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.64 3.69 3.85 3.73 3.69 3.67 3.75 4.02 3.79 3.83 3.98 4.08 4.21 3.94 4.29 3.94 3.83 3.90 3.96 3.85 3.92 3.85 3.75 3.69 3.69 3.67 3.67 3.65 3.71 4.15 3.83 3.75 3.73 3.69 3.67 3.65 3.65 3.62 3.62 3.67 3.60 3.54 3.68 3.58 3.60 3.60 3.60 3 60 2 3 71 3 3 75 4 3 93 5 4.67 6 3.90 7 3 79 8 9 3 69 10 3.71 11 3.62 12 3.75 13 3.85 3.85 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.85 3.88 3.92 4.02 3.90 3.88 3.88 3.85 3.85 4.17 3.96 3.90 4.38 3.69 14 3.67 15 3.65 16 3.65 17 3.65 18 3.65 19 4.35 20 4.04 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 7.90 28 29 30 31 1910. 1 3.79 2 5.00 3 4.00 3.98 3.96 3.94 3.92 3.88 "i'so" 4.66 4 5 3.85 6 4.04 3.96 3.85 3.90 3.96 3.94 3.92 7 3.80 8 3.94 3.98 9 3.72 10 3.88 3.92 4.11 5.12 4.25 4.08 4.27 4.71 4.96 4.38 4.52 5.00 4.38 4.17 4.12 4.25 4.17 4.15 4.10 3.94 3.92 3.88 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.83 11*. "3." 79" 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.73 3.81 3.79 3.79 3.75 4.31 4.02 3.94 12 13 3.85 3.81 3.79 3.85 3.83 3.68 3.81 14 15 3.65 16 3.70 17 18 19 3.75 20 2] 3.75 3.79 4.44 4.40 4.08 3.92 3.75 3.74 22 3.90 4.02 3.85 23 24 3.79 3.73 25 3.83 3.81 3.79 3.79 J 3.72 26 4.35 3.92 27 3.92 28 3.96 4.10 3.90 3.96 3.75 29 30 3.88 3.92 31 54 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of Mohihi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1. .. . 4.60 3.84 3.86 3.68 2 3 4.40 4 4.20 3.70 5 3.90 6 4.05 7 3.98 3.82 8 3.68 9 4.02 10 4.80 11 3.70 12 3.94 13 4.10 3.70 14 3.92 3.72 15 3.71 16 3.90 17 4.12 4.40 18 3.68 19 4.00 20 21 3.79 22 4.04 3.96 4.10 23 3.88 24 25 4.12 4.44 3.68 26 4.30 4.78 27 28 4.10 4.20 29 3.84 30 31 3.86 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohihi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-1911. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 26 42 12 9.6 8.2 7.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 7.0 11 7.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.8 3.8 3.8 ♦ 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.0 8.2 5.8 7.0 4.8 3.8 5.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 4.8 3.8 5.8 4.8 5.8 4.8 05.9 7.0 12 5.8 16 7.0 7.0 16 8.2 7.0 11 7.0 8.2 8.2 12 14 11 5.8 4.8 3.8 3.8 5.8 23 11 18 8.2 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.0 7.0 4.8 5.8 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 20 14 16 8.2 4.8 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 3.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 3.0 3.0 4.8 5.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 1.6 3.0 9.6 4.8 3.8 2.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.8 5.8 3.8 3.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 2.3 4.8 3.0 2.3 1.6 3.0 8.2 3.8 4.8 8.2 11 14 7.0 18 7.0 4.8 5.8 7.0 4.8 5.8 4.8 a3.9 3.0 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 12 4.8 3.0 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 .6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2 2.3 3 3.0 4 7.0 5 38 6 5.8 7 3.8 8 3.0 9 2.3 10 2.3 11 1.0 12 3.0 13 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.8 5.8 8.2 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.8 12 7.0 5.8 23 2.3 14 1.6 15 1.6 16 1.6 17 1.6 18 1.6 19 20 20 9.6 21 6 5.0 22 6 5.0 23 b 5.0 24 6100 25 6100 26 6100 27 <:230 28 6 50 29 6 50 30 6100 31 6100 o Discharge interpolated. 6 Discharge estimated. c Discharge estimated with high-water mark as guide. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 55 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohihi Stream, near Waiinea, Kauai, for 1909-1911 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 O8.0 o8.0 8.2 8.2 7.0 7.0 5.8 5.8 6 14 23 12 11 16 12 12 11 7.0 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 o4.8 4.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 6 12 6 21 29 6 20 9.6 7.0 4.8 6 4.7 6 4.5 6 4.3 6 4.1 6 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6 3.0 3.0 3.8 26 23 11 5.8 6 6.4 7.0 11 5.8 6 14 6 22 6 30 38 6 27 6 17 5.8 7.0 7.0 5.8 6 4.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 6 3.5 6 3.2 3.0 18 8.2 7.0 6 6.6 6 6.2 5.8 8.2 6 12 6 16 20 6 14 7.0 6 6.4 5.8 35 5.8 4.8 6 5.4 6 6.0 6 6.6 6 7.2 6 7.6 8.2 6 7.5 6 6.9 6 6.2 6 5.5 2 c67 3 4 6 4.8 6 7 3.8 8 7.0 6 6.4 5.8 5.8 11 77 16 11 16 42 62 23 29 67 olO a 10 olO olO olO a 10 a 10 a 10 OlO OlO 9 2.3 10 11 12 13 4.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 4.8 6 4.8 6 4.8 6 4.8 6 4.8 4.8 6 4.3 3.8 6 3.6 6 3.4 6 3.2 3.0 3.0 O3.0 03.0 2.3 3.8 14 1.6 2.3 17 18 19 3.0 20 21 3.0 3.0 22 23 24 3.0 25 2.3 26 5.8 27 5.8 28 29 30 5.8 31 1911. 1 4.8 4.8 2.3 2 23 4 14 2.3 5 5.8 6 9.6 7 8.2 3.8 2.3 9 8.2 10 50 11, 2.3 12 :::::::::;::: 7.0 13 11 2.3 14 5.8 2.3 15 2.3 16 5.8 17 11 23 18 2.3 19 8.2 21 3.8 22 9.6 7.0 11 5.8 24 11 26 2.3 26 18 50 27 28 11 14 29 4.8 31 4.8 a Discharge estimated. 6 Discharge interpolated. c Discharge estimated with high -water marls: as guide. Note. — Daily diacharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 12 second-feet. record for days on which discharge is omitted. No 56 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAH. Monthly discharge of Mohihi Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1909-10. Month. April 13-30 . May June July August Septembei-. . October November. . December . . 1909. The period . January 8-31. February March April ay. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, 23 42 8.2 23 20 9.6 18 12 o230 77 23 29 38 8.2 4.8 3.0 2.3 3.8 2.3 1.6 1.0 .6 1.0 5.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.86 7.28 3.41 8.85 5.20 3.71 4.38 2.70 30.9 20.0 8.14 8.61 10.9 4.97 Run-off (total in acre-feet). 245 448 203 544 320 221 269 161 1,900 4,810 952 452 529 649 306 Accu- racy. a Estimated. Note.— After May, 1910, the data were insufficient for an estimate. WAIALAE STREAM NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. The Waialae basin lies south of the Koaie basin, which separates it from the Mohihi basin on the north. It is 9 or 10 miles long and reaches almost to the top of Waialeale. Its width ranges from less than 1 mile in the upper part to 2 miles near its mouth. The Waialae basin differs from the Koaie basin in being longer but nar- rower and not so deep except near its mouth. The stream bed is above 3,000 feet for the greater part of its course, whereas the Koaie runs through a long deep canyon which reaches well back toward its source. A station was established on Waialae Stream August 1, 1910, at 3,500 feet elevation. It is about 3 miles by trail north of Gay's mountain hoase and a few hundred feet above the first traii crossing. A Barrett & Lawrence 34-day hj'-dro-chronograph is used for obtain- ing gage heights and a cable mth car is used for making high-water measurements. The width of channel at low wat3r is about 40 feet, and the extreme range of stage is about 5 feet. Discharge measurements of Waialae Stream near Waimea, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Sept. 8 W. F. Martin Feet. 5.1 37.0 13.9 37.0 15.4 24 24 4.3 4.2 Sq.ft. 3.69 90 24.6 107 23.0 16.6 11.7 3.66 3.81 Feet. 1.02 1.21 1.21 1.53 1.32 1.34 1.18 1.08 1.12 Sec.-ft. 4.19 Nov. 10 7.9 Do . . do 10.0 1911. Apr. 25 26 W. F. Martin 28.6 do 14.6 Sept. 12 13 14.6 W.V.Hardy 7.8 Oct. 16 do 3.90 Dec. 5 do 4.20 Note. — Measurements made by wading at various sections. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 57 Daily gage height, in feet, of Waialae Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. [D. Fraser, J. E. Mendes, and D. E. Horner, observers.] Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.20 1.50 1.30 1.20 1.12 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.16 1.22 1.10 1.05 1.06 1.10 1.11 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.42 1.40 1.36 1.22 1.36 1.38 1.30 1.18 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.25 1.50 1.30 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.45 1.32 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.24 1.20 1.16 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.03 1910. 16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.40 1.20 1.02 1.02 1.15 1.14 1.09 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.30 1.21 1.18 1.12 1.12 1.10 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.09 1.03 1.43 1.50 1.32 1.20 1.18 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.22 1.40 1.03 2 17 1.04 3 18 1.03 4 19 1.02 5 20 1.01 6 21 1.01 7 22 1.01 8 23 1.30 9 24 1.52 10 25 1.52 11 26 1.52 12 27 1.56 13 28 1 38 14 29 1.40 15 30 1.50 31 1.30 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1.45 1.44 1.42 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.28 1.24 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.52 1.40 1.22 1.20 1.30 2 3 4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.50 1.60 1.50 1.45 1.44 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.38 1.42 1.52 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.54 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.28 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.65 1.55 1.15 1.70 1.65 1.55 1 16 1 10 1 35 7 1.25 8 1 90 9 1.85 10 1.50 1.45 1 65 12 1.30 1.18 1.18 1.35 1.32 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.65 1.55 1.50 1 50 13 1.40 14 1 40 15 1.94 2 20 16 1.08 1.80 17 1 50 18 1 40 19 1.38 20 1 36 1 35 22 1.60 23 1 50 24 1.26 1 22 25 1.21 26 1.36 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.17 27 . 1.60 1.12 28 1.14 29 1.50 30 1.20 1.35 31 1.16 58 WATEE EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waialae Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. No 7. Dec. 1910. 1 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 26 13 8.0 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 6.4 9.0 4.7 4.0 4.1 4.7 4.9 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.2 6.8 21 19 17 9.0 17 18 13 7.2 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 10 26 13 9.0 8.0 8.0 26 26 23 14 8.0 8.0 10 10 8.0 6.4 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 1910. 16 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 19 8.0 3.7 3.7 03.7 a3.8 a3.8 a3.9 03.9 a3.9 a4.0 6.0 5.7 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.4 8.5 7.2 5.1 5.1 4.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 8.0 8.0 4.5 3.8 21 26 14 olO a7 8.0 7.2 7.2 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 7.2 6.0 9.0 19 3.8 2 17 3.9 3 18 3.8 4 19 3.7 5 20 3.6 6 21 3.6 7 22 3.6 8 23 13 9 24 28 10 25 28 11 26 28 12 27 31 13 28 18 14 29 19 15 30 26 31 13 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 a 16 ol9 o22 26 26 26 28 28 26 26 26 23 22 13 19 26 26 26 23 19 18 21 28 26 19 19 O20 a 21 a 22 a 23 o23 a 24 a 25 a 26 26 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 29 23 21 19 18 15 14 12 13 13 19 38 30 6.0 42 38 30 23 22 21 21 19 19 11 11 11 12 10 10 9.5 9.0 28 19 9.0 8.0 13 8.5 8.0 7.6 4.7 4.7 6.4 9.0 13 19 23 30 34 42 48 62 a 59 55 a 52 48 a 45 a 41 a 38 o34 31 o27 a 24 o20 a 16 ol2 8.0 o7. 6 2 o7.2 3 o6.8 4 6.4 5 4.7 6 16 7 10 8 58 9 54 10 26 23 11 38 12 13 7.2 7.2 16 14 26 26 19 13 38 30 26 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.7 6.4 7.2 8.0 10 13 16 19 12 U 10 9.0 26 13 . . . . 19 14 19 15 88 16 ... 50 17 26 18 19 19 18 20 17 21 16 22 34 23 26 24 11 9.0 25 8.5 26 17 18 16 14 13 6.8 27 34 5.1 28 5.7 29 26 30 16 31 6.4 a Discharge interpolated. Note.— Disctiarge estimated Irom Oct. 17 to Nov. 14, 1911, the estimate being based on gage readings of Oct. 16 and Nov. 15, and upon discharge of Waimea River. No record for the days on whuch discharge is missing. Daily discharge computed from a rating carve fairly well defined between 3.5 and 30 secoad-feet. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 59 Monthly discharge of Waialae Stream near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feot. Maxunum, Minimum, Mean, Run-ofi (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. August September. October November.. December.. January February October 16-31 . November December 1910. 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.7 5.76 4.85 9.60 8.00 12.6 22.8 25.7 9.16 27.7 21.7 354 289 590 476 775 1,400 1,430 291 1,650 1.330 Note. — ^Data insulBcient for an estimate from March to September, inclusive, 1911. KEKAHA DITCH AT INTAKE NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Kekaha ditch diverts water from the east side of Waimea River about 8 miles from the sea at 550 feet elevation. The ditch is on the east side for 4^ miles then crosses the river in an inverted siphon. The water is used for irrigating cane on the plantation of the Kekaha Sugar Co. A gaging station was established on this ditch about 700 feet below the intake December 1, 1910. The station is at an open section of the ditch and the equipment consists of a staff gage graduated in tenths of feet and a board graduated in feet from which measurements are made. About 200 feet below the station is a low weir with poor con- tractions and high velocity of approach. Measurements at the station have been used to rate the weir so that observed heads on the weir could be used to obtain the daily flow at the station. The com- pany has kindly furnished to the Geological Survey the weir readings for 1910 and 1911, and also has instructed its ditchman, Manuel de Arruda, to read the gage at the regular station for the Survey. Discharge measurements of Kekaha ditch at intake, near Waimea, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 11 Martin and Mendes. Feet. 10.7 11. 10.5 Sq.ft. 36.0 35.8 35.9 Feet. W 6 3.57 C3.57 Sec.-ft. 88 1911. \pr. 27 W. F. Martin.„ 86 Nov. IS W. v. Hardy .„ S5 a Head on 8-foot weir below station was 26J inches. b Head on 8-foot weir below station was 26^ inches. c Head on 8-foot weir below station was 26 inches. 60 WATEE EESOUBCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in inches, of Kekaha ditch at intake, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. (Kekaha Sugar Co., observer.! Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1910. 15 20 25 25 25 25 23i 16* 20i 20i 20i 20 20 19J 19i 19' 18i 18* 18i 19 20i 23i 261 29 29 29 27 28 29 29 29 28i 20 20 20 20 20 20 21| 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 12 12 12 12 12 16 20 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 29 29 29J 29i 29J 29i 29* 29| 29i 26 24 22 20 20 19i 19 19 29J 28i 271 29* 29| 29* 29J 29 29i 291 28i 25i 23i 23 25 23J 27^ 28 29 29 29 29 28 28 20 24 24 24 24 23 22 20 19* m 21 28 28 28 28 28 28 25i 24 21 21 28 28 28 28 22 20 19 18 18 18 24 25 20J 26 27 20 18 21 19 25 19i 18 20i 24 20| 19 21 25 20 25 23 22 24 25 25 25 22 21 19 25 23 22 21 22 19 24 25 22 21 20 25J 26 24 21 19 19 21 i 25 25 21 17 17 16 16 26 28 20 171 17 17 17 17 15 15 15 15J 15J 16 15 15 27 25* 19' 16i 26i 20| 20^ 19i 18 17 16 19 19 18 18 18 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 18 17 18 17 18 17i 17 20.J 22 17i 16 16 15 15 20 21 18 17 17 J. •±5 14 15 17i 23i 21| 15J 17 23 23 23i 22J 18 19i 21 24i 24 27 27 20 27 26* 19* 21 18 16J 16 16* 16 18 21 26 25 25^ 24i 24 18i 21i 23J 25i 26 26 24i 26 26 26 22i 25J 25i 26 25i 19^ 19i 22 22i 17J 17 19? 21? 25i 25J 24 21i 27i 23 18 17 16 15i 15 15 15 18 18 23 18 16 27 26 27 26i 23 26 25 22 215 26 23i 25f 24i 21 18J m 17i 17 16J 16 15J 15i 15* 15J IS 16i 16i 17J 26 25i 21 17f 16J 16 151 15J 20 15 15 15 25 25 25 25 25 26* 27 26 27 25 23 20 19i 19 19 18 18 2U 24J 24i 27 25 24 25 25 15 15 15 14| 14i 17i 17 18 20J 21 18J 19| 21i 26 26 25* 25" 26 26 26 26 26 26 24 21J 19J 24 25J 22* 21j Note.— Ditch dry on days for which gage hefeht is not given. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 61 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kekaha ditch at intake, nearWaimea., Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Fob. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 27 27 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 62 62 37 57 80 80 80 80 73 43 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 60 41 41 41 41 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 57 57 57 57 57 60 60 60 57 ■■■■-■ 55 55 53 61 51 51 53 60 73 89 100 100 100 90 95 100 100 100 98 57 57 57 57 57 57 64 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 27 27 27 27 27 41 57 41 27 27 27 27 27 27 100 100 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 85 75 66 57 57 55 53 53 102 98 94 102 102 102 102 102 100 102 102 98 82 27 27 37 49 49 57 66 66 66 66 62 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 75 80 80 80 80 80 75 80 80 80 80 80 73 71 80 73 92 95 100 100 100 100 95 95 ■■■■-■ 75 75 75 75 71 66 57 55 55 51 62 95 95 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 66 80 80 80 80 80 95 95 95 95 82 75 62 62 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 80 90 95 95 80 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 75 80 80 80 66 62 57 66 66 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 71 85 66 57 "■■'ss' 66 57 53 49 49 49 75 80 60 85 90 57 49 62 53 80 55 49 60 75 60 53 62 80 57 47 80 71 66 75 80 80 80 66 62 53 80 71 66 62 66 53 75 80 66 62 57 82 85 75 62 53 53 64 80 80 62 45 45 41 41 85 95 57 48 45 45 45 45 37 37 37 39 39 41 37 37 90 82 53 43 89 61 60 55 49 45 41 53 53 49 49 49 45 45 41 41 41 41 41 49 45 49 45 49 47 45 60 66 47 41 41 37 37 57 62 49 45 45 37 37 37 37 37 36 34 37 46 73 65 40 45 71 71 73 68 49 54 62 78 75 90 90 57 80 85 90 88 55 62 49 43 41 43 41 49 62 85 80 82 78 75 50 65 73 82 85 85 78 85 85 85 68 82 81 85 82 85 71 55 55 66 68 47 45 56 65 82 82 75 63 91 71 49 45 41 39 37 37 37 49 49 71 49 41 90 85 90 88 71 85 80 66 65 85 73 84 78 62 52 48 46 45 43 41 39 39 39 38 37 42 42 47 85 82 62 48 42 41 40 38 57 37 37 37 80 80 80 80 80 88 90 85 90 80 71 60 57 55 53 53 49 49 64 78 78 90 80 75 80 80 37 37 37 36 35 46 45 49 61 62 50 56 65 85 85 82 80 85 85 85 85 85 85 75 65 55 75 84 68 64 80 2 80 3 80 4 80 5 80 6 80 7 80 8 80 9 78 10 68 11 63 12 57 52 14 49 47 46 17... 45 45 19 43 41 21 41 22 41 41 24 80 80 26 80 27 80 80 29 80 66 31 49 1911. 1 54 2 49 45 4 45 5 45 64 7 68 8 78 9 85 10 85 80 12 .- 85 13 86 14 ' 90 90 16 90 17 90 18 90 19 90 20 88 21 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 84 22 84 23 90 24 88 72 63 ^ 58 28 55 29 90 30 89 31 71 Note.— Discharge computed from records of head on an 8-foot weir, using weir formula with correc- tions determined by current-meter measurements. 62 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Kekaha ditch at intake, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-^11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximuni. Minimam. Mean Run-ofE (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. January February March 1-4 and 12-31 . . April May 1-12 and 18-31... June July 1-3 and 5-31 August September October November December The period January 1-8 and 21-31 February March April May June July August September October November December The period 62 62 100 102 100 95 85 95 90 91 90 80 48.4 61.9 73.7 90.1 78.4 90.2 63.5 51.9 59.9 61.0 69.1 64.3 67.4 51.6 66.9 48.5 66.1 79.5 76.8 69.3 47.2 70.6 55.3 64.8 75.5 66.0 2,980 3,440 3,500 5,360 4,040 5,370 3,780 3,190 3,560 3,750 4,110 3,950 47,000 1,940 3,720 2.980 3,930 4,890 4,570 4,260 2,900 4,200 3,400 3,860 4,640 45,300 Note.— Minimum and mean discharges are only for days when ditch was carrying water. The ditch was dry during the periods Mar. 5-11, May 13-17, and July 4, 1910; and Jan. 9-20, 1911. The table shows the quantity of water taken from Waimea River by the Kekaha ditch. KEKAHA DITCH AT FLUME NO. 3, NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Flume No. 3 on Kekaha ditch is about 2 miles below the intake. A gage graduated in tenths of feet was set December 1, 1910, by the Kekaha Sugar Co., and was read daily by the ditchman for the Geological Survey. Measurements are made from a tie beam 2 feet above the gage. The records at this station, in connection with the station at the intake, are valuable in determining seepage losses. Discharge measurements of Kekaha ditch at flume No. 3, near Waimea, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 27 Nov. 15 W. F. Martin Feet. 8.0 8.0 Sq.ft. 22.3 22.8 Feet. 2.72 2.78 Sec.-ft. 89 W. V.Hardy 83 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 63 Daily gage height, infect, ofKekaha ditch at flume No. 3, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. IManuel de Arruda, observer.] Day. Dec. 1 1910. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.45 2.40 2.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...., Day. 1910, 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Dec. 2.02 1.88 1.75 1.65 1.6 1.58 1.55 1.55 1.6 1.45 Day. 1910, 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Dec. 1.45 1.4 1.4 2.45 2.45 2.45 2„45 2.45 2.45 1.70 2.25 Day. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Jan. Feb. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1.25 1.45 1 9 2.65 1.5 1.95 1.85 1.45 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.79 2.45 1.45 1.9 2.25 1.5 1.7 2.45 1.45 1.9 2.2 1.48 1.7 2.45 2.40 1.9 2.65 1.45 1.7 2.45 2.4 1.9 2.35 1.88 2.24 2.02 2.4 2.0 2.62 1.7 2.32 1.32 2.4 2.2 2.45 1.8 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.18 2.18 2.75 2.4 2.2 1.85 2.1 2.75 2.4 2.2 1.78 1.85 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.72 2.0 2.72 2.4 2.2 1.70 1.72 2.71 2.4 2.2 1.65 2.72 2.8 2.4 •2.2 1.6 2.78 2.8 1911 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1.48 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 Feb. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Mar. 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 Oct. 1.55 1.55 1..55 1.55 1.5 1.62 1.62 1.58 2.75 2.7 2.18 1.82 1.65 1.65 1.62 1.58 Nov. 2.7 2.75 2.74 2.77 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.51 2.25 2.0 2.48 2.65 2.28 2.15 Dec. 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.76 2.68 2.66 2.8 2.78 2.4 2.16 2.02 1.95 2.8 2.78 2.39 Note.— No readings were obtained from Mar. 28 to Sept. 30, 1911. Daily discharge will be published later when enough measurements for a rating have been made. KEKAHA DITCH ABOVE SIPHOIST, NEAK WAIMEA, KAUAI. Kekaha ditch crosses the river in an inverted siphon 4^ miles below the intake. Just above the mouth of the siphon in the open ditch a gaging station has been established. • The gage, graduated in tenths of feet, was set December 1, 1910, by the Kekaha Sugar Co., and was read daily for the Geological Survey by the plantation ditchman. Measurements are made from a portable plank used as a footbridge. The records at this point, in connection with those at the stations above, are valuable in determining seepage losses. They also show how much water is taken from the river to the west side. Discharge measurements of Kekaha ditch above siphon, near Waimea, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Sept. 28 Nov. 11 1911. Feb. 15 Apr. 27 Nov. 15 Martin, Pierce, and Mendes Martia and Mendes Martin and Hoyt W.F.Martin W.V.Hardy Feet. 10.6 10.4 10.0 13.3 10.7 Sq.ft. 46.0 43.3 35.2 54 51 3.60 5.15 5.06 Sec.-ft. 82 78 64 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kekaha ditch above siphon, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. rManuel de Arruda, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 Day Dec. 1 1910. 5.30 3.90 3.70 3.40 3.02 2.80 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1910. 1.85 1.68 1.58 1.55 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.45 1.40 1.40 1... . 1910 1.40 2 2 1.40 3 3. 1.40 4 4 3.40 5 5. ... 3.55 6 6. . . 3.65 7 7 3.80 8 8 3.05 9 9. ... 2.75 10 2.65 1. ... 2.60 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.50 1.50 3.10 2.25 3.40 3.85 2.50 2.20 1.50 1.45 1.50 1.50 3.00 3.00 3.78 3.80 4.22 4.08 3.90 3.80 3.70 3.15 3.30 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.80 4.60 3.40 1.80 3.70 2.45 3.65 2.70 1.85 1.68 1.62 1.58 1.50 1.48 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.62 1.58 1.65 1.92 2.95 1.65 1.85 1.55 4.80 4.85 1.64 1.55 !J 1.45 2.82 1.95 3.30 4.48 3.80 3.55 4.50 4.02 3.85 5.25 1911. 16 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.42 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.05 2.80 3.15 3.20 2.70 1.90 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.45 1.80 1.80 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.35 1.55 1.48 5.20 4.50 1.85 1.62 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.38 4.35 4.28 4.48 5.12 4.95 5.02 4.50 4.40 2.80 1.85 1.64 2.48 3.42 1.92 1.86 5.30 2 17 5 20 3 18 5.16 4 19 4 85 5 20 4.55 6 21 3.90 7 22 3 41 8 23 4.55 9 24 4 35 10 25 2.15 11 26 1.88 12 27 1 76 13 28 1.68 14 29 5.25 15 ,.. 30 4.72 31 2.45 Note. — No readings were obtained from Mar. 26 to Sept. 30, 1911. Daily discharge will be published later when enough measurements for a rating have been made. KEKAHA DITCH AT WEIR BELOW TUNNEL NO. 12, NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Tunnel No. 12 weir on Kekaha ditch is several miles below the river siphon and a considerable distance below tunnel No. 12. The weir is low and has poor contractions with high velocity of approach, but it has been rated by means of meter measurements. The planta- tion keeps a daily record of the head on the weir and has kindly fur- nished the Geological Survey with the records for 1910 and 1911, The discharge at this point shows how much water is delivered to the boundary of the plantation, exclusive of seepage losses and the amount supplied to the town of Waimea at times. Discharge measurements of Kekaha ditch at iveir below tunnel No. 12, near Waimea, Kauai, 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Feet. Sq.ft. Feet. 8.0 26.6 3. .38 9.3 29.2 6 2.50 8.5 24.7 6 1.46 8.6 28.0 6 1.75 Dis- charge. Apr. 28a 28 Oct. 20 Nov. 10 W.F.Martin do Hardy and Hansen Hardy and Nordmeier Sec.-f. 73.3 73.3 34.8 44.3 o Measurement made at upper end of tunnel No. 12, about J mile above weir. 6 Head on 6-foot weir. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 65 Daily gage height, in inches, of Kekaha ditch at weir below tunnel No. 12, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. fKekaha Sugar Co., observer.] Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 10 10 21 21 18 18 20J 18 15 15 19 20 20 18 19 20 20 20 8 8i 8J 8J 7i 7 7 8 20i 21i 20i 21i 21i 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21f 21 21 20 20i 20 19 20i 20i m 20* 20| 22 21 20 20 29 28 29 29 29 29 28 28J 28J 27i 27| 28J 28§ 28 12 23 26J 27i 28 m 19 19i 19i 19J 18J 18 20 20 24 28i 27J 27J 275 25 27 29§ 28 27 26i 25 26 26 25 24i 26 26 28 27 26 25 25 27 26 27 27J 19 16 16 16 15 23i 25 19 18 16 16 16 16 29 28J 27i 26i 25| 25f 26 25i 25 21 20J 20i 19 19 18i 22 27i 26 24 24 26 25 25 27J 27f 26i 26 26i 24 16 16 16 23J 23 24 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 27J 29 30 30 30 30 29J 30 30 29 30 29 29 22 21i 23 22 23 25i 25 26 27 27 26i 26i 20 24 27i 2^ 26 25 23i 22 21 20| 20 20 28 29 28i 30 30 29 29i 29 30 30 30 30 29i 30 29i 29 29J 29i 30 30 30 30 29i 29 29 30 29 28 29 30§ 30 30 30 29 29 29 28i 27i 26 21 22f 29J 29i 28 29 29^ 28i 29J 28i 28J 29 28i 27 28i 29 29 27 28i 30i 30 30 30 30 30 30§ 30 30 30 29 29i 28^ 29i 30 30 30 26J 26J 27J 27J 30J 30i 30i 28J 30J 30i 30f 30i 30f 24 24 21 20J 19i 19 19i 26 28 24 26i 27J 21 19 22 21 27 23 23 22 25 23 20 25 29 26 18 30 29 27J 29 30 30 29i 29i 26 24 29 29 28i 27^ 25J 25 26 27 23i 25 26 30 30 26 25 23 27 28 28 25 18 17 17 16f 29t 29i 24i 19i 10 17 m 16J 16 16 16 16| 17 16i 16J 16i 29^ 28 22 18 16i 27 23i 21 17 16i 21 21 Wi 19 20 22 21i 21 20 19i 21i 23i 27 21 21 19 19 18i 21i 25 20 18i 16 15 15 15 15 ISi 15 15 17 25 18 16 20i 24 29i 28 23 181 20 27J 29i 29i 27i 29| 29^ 29i 28i 22i 19 21 18J 18§ 18i 18 m m 27 30 28i 22i 20 28 27i 29 28 24i 27i 27J 30i 29| 28 28| 29? 28J 29J 27J 21 21 22i 24i 21 19J 22 28 29 29 27 21 28i 28i 18i 18i 18J 17 16 16 18 20 25.i 20 m 25 28 29^ 29i 28i 27} 24| 22i 27i 27i 27i 25i 24} 21i 19| 19i m 18 18 17f 16| 17 16| 16| 18 18§ 281 29J 26§ 21 i 21 19 19 18 25 16 16 16 29i 26* 28J 28 27i 28i 29i 29J 27i 25i 22i 22i 22 21i 21i 20§ 20 26 27 28 29§ 29i 27 30 30 m 16i 16J 16i 16i 16J 20 19i 25i 21J 23i 26§ 19} 29i 29J 30 29 28 29i 29i 29i 29 28 26J 23J 21i 23 28 22i 23i 30 30 28§ 28i 28 28§ 28 28 26i 26 22} 22 21 20 20 19i 19 18i 18 17i 16i 17i m 28 20} 16 19} 19 18} 18 25} 26} 29t 28 26} 26} 26f 26} 30| 30i 30 30 27 29 29 27 28 28 27 25 22 21} 29 29f 26 Note. — Ditch dry on days for which 74323°— wsp 318—13 — gage height is not given. -5 66 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kekaha ditch at weir below tunnel No. 12, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 16 16 44 44 36 36 42 36 29 29 39 41 41 36 39 41 41 41 36 36 36 38 38 38 38 35 34 34 36 42 46 36 36 66 63 70 63 70 73 42 46 46 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 46 44 U 41 42 41 39 42 42 42 42 42 42 47 44 41 41 39 39 41 41 70 70 70 70 66 70 66 70 70 70 70 66 68 68 64 64 68 68 66 21 50 62 64 66 41 39 39 39 ■■"38' 39 40 40 40 40 38 36 41 41 53 68 65 65 65 57 63 72 66 63 62 57 60 60 57 55 60 60 66 63 60 57 57 63 60 63 64 39 35 31 31 31 29 52 57 39 36 31 31 31 31 70 68 64 62 58 59 60 58 57 44 42 42 39 39 38 38 47 64 60 53 53 57 57 57 64 65 62 60 62 53 31 31 31 52 50 53 60 60 60 60 63 63 63 66 66 66 66 65 70 73 73 73 73 72 73 73 70 73 70 70 47 46 50 47 50 58 57 60 63 63 62 62 ...... 53 64 62 60 57 52 47 44 43 41 41 66 70 68 73 73 70 72 70 73 73 73 73 72 73 72 70 72 71 73 73 73 73 72 70 70 73 70 66 70 75 73 73 73 70 70 70 68 64 60 44 49 72 72 66 70 72 68 72 66 68 68 68 68 68 70 68 63 68 70 70 63 72 68 74 73 73 73 73 73 75 73 73 73 70 72 68 72 73 73 73 62 62 64 65 76 74 75 68 75 75 76 75 76 60 63 53 """'53' 63 44 42 40 39 40 60 66 53 62 64 44 39 47 44 63 60 50 47 57 50 41 57 70 60 36 73 70 64 70 73 73 72 72 60 53 70 70 68 64 58 57 60 63 52 57 60 72 73 73 60 57 60 63 66 66 57 36 34 34 33 72 72 54 40 16 34 35 33 31 31 31 33 34 32 33 33 72 66 47 36 32 63 62 44 34 32 32 47 46 48 42 41 39 38 41 41 42 39 41 47 46 44 42 41 40 46 52 63 44 44 39 39 38 45 57 41 38 38 31 29 29 29 29 30 29 29 34 57 36 31 42 53 66 72 66 50 38 47 69 64 72 72 64 72 72 72 68 48 39 44 38 38 38 36 42 40 63 73 68 70 68 48 41 66 64 70 66 55 65 66 74 72 66 69 72 69 72 64 44 44 48 66 44 40 47 66 70 70 63 44 68 68 38 38 38 34 32 31 31 36 41 58 41 35 67 66 72 72 62 68 65 56 48 64 64 64 69 54 46 42 40 39 38 36 36 36 33 34 33 33 36 38 68 72 62 46 44 39 39 36 57 31 31 31 72 62 %»■ 66 64 68 72 72 64 58 48 48 47 46 46 42 41 42 60 63 66 72 72 63 73 73 35 32 32 32 32 32 41 40 58 46 62 62 40 72 72 73 70 66 72 72 72 70 66 62 52 46 50 66 48 52 73 2 73 3 68 4 68 6 66 6 68 7 66 8 66 9 62 10 60 11 48 12 47 13 44 14 41 IS 41 16 40 17 39 18 38 19 36 20 35 21 32 22 35 23 38 24 66 25 66 26 70 27 70 28 66 29 66 30 36 31 70 1911. 1 42 2 31 3 40 4 39 5 38 6 36 7 58 8 62 9 71 10 66 11 62 12 61 13 62 14 61 15 76 16 74 17 73 18 73 19 63 20 70 21 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 39 39 70 22 63 23 66 24 66 25 63 26 67 27 47 28 46 29 70 30 72 31 60 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 30 and 75 second-feet. The curve was obtained by rating a 6-foot weir. Records of head on the weir were furnished by the Kekaha Sugar Ck>. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 67 Monthly discharge of Kekdha ditch at weir below tunnel No. 12, near Waimea, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910, January February March 1-4 and 12-31 , April M^y 1-12 and 18-31 June July 1-3 and 5-31 August September October November December The period 1911. January 1-8 and 21-31 February March April May June July August September October November December The period 76 36.8 43.1 49.5 55.1 54.1 66.8 51.2 40.7 50.0 50.1 67.3 54.6 50.7 48.6 61.3 49.3 62.3 71.8 71.9 64.4 43.5 58.5 47.3 53.8 59.3 59.1 2,250 2,390 2,350 3,280 2,790 3,970 3,050 2,500 2,980 3,080 3,410 3,360 35,400 1,830 3,400 3,030 3,710 4,410 4,280 3,960 2,670 3,480 2,910 3,200 3,650 40,500 Note. — Minimum and mean discharge given only for days when ditch was carrying water, was dry during the periods Mar. 5-11, May 13-17, and July 4, 1910; and Jan. 9-20, 1911. The ditch WAIMEA DITCH NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Waimea ditch diverts water from the west side of Waimea River about 4 miles from the sea at 150 feet elevation. It is a compara- tively^ small ditch and for the most part consists of semicircular metallic flume. The water is used for irrigating cane on the planta- tion of the Waimea Sugar Mill Co. A station was established on this ditch about 300 feet below the intake November 4, 1911. The equipment consists of a staff gage, read daily, and a pole bridge from which measurements are made. Discharge measurements of Waimea ditch near Waimea, Kavm, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of action. height. Dis- charge. 1910. Sept. 28o 1911 Apr. 29a Nov. 4 15 Martin, Pierce, and Mendes W. F. Martin W. V. Hardy do Feet. 3.2 3.2 5.7 5.6 Sq.ft. 3.1 3.3 7.8 10.2 Feet. 1.70 2.20 Sec.-ft. 7.0 7.3 3.40 9.2 a Measurement made about IJ miles below intake before station was established. Note.— An additional measinrement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. 68 "WATEB BESOUBCES OF HAWAH. Daily gage height, in feet, of Waimea ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for 1911. [Honke, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 2.10 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.75 2.25 2.00 2.20 2.20 11 2.20 2.20 2.30 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 21 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.10 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.20 2 12 22 2.20 3 13 23 2.20 3 1.70 14 24 2.20 5 .... 15 2.20 2.20 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 25 2.20 6 16 26 1.90 7 17 27 1.95 8 .. 18 28 1.95 9 19 28 2.20 10 ... 20 30 2.20 31 2.10 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waimea ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for 1911, Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 7.8 6.5 5.3 4.3 4.3 3.8 10 6.5 9.2 9.2 11 9.2 9.2 11 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 21 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.8 4.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.8 9.2 2 12 22 9.2 3 13 23 9.2 4 3.4 14 29 9.2 5 15 9.2 9.2 4.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 26 9.2 6 16 26 5.3 7 17 27 5.9 8 18 28 5.9 9 ... 19 29 9.2 10 20 30 9.2 31 7.8 Note. — Daily discharge computed {rom a rating curve fairly well defined betweea 3 and 11 second-feet. This division is above the gaging station on Waimea Kiver. Monthly discharge of Waimea ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for Nov. 15 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 9.2 11 3.4 3.8 7.92 8.06 267 496 Accu- racy. November 4 and 16-30. December , KAMENEHUNE DITCH NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Kameiiehune ditch is an ancient auwai, or old native taro ditch. It diverts water from the west side of Waimea River about 3 miles above the town of Waimea and about 1 mile above the station on the river. The water is used for irrigating taro and rice in the lower part of Waimea Valley. A gaging station was established on this ditch October 9, 1911, at a point almost exactly opposite the station on the river. The equip- ment consists of a staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet and read daily, and a board, graduated in feet, from which measurements are made. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 69 Discharge measurements of Kam^nehune ditch near Waim^a, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Sept. 28a Martin, Pierce, and Mendes Feet. 1.45 1.5 1.45 3.5 Sq.ft. 2.04 2.23 2.20 2.39 Feet. "'"o.'si" Sec.-ft. 2.06 Oct. 270 J. E . Mendes 2.13 1911. Apr. 29o W. F. Martin 1.96 Oct. 9 W. V. Hardy .99 a Measurement made a short distance below intake before station was established. -Note.— Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kavnenehune ditch near Waim^a, Kauai, for 1911. [T. Mokuahakea, observer.] Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 .61 .61 .60 .51 .60 .51 .50 .50 .50 .50 .90 1.00 .81 .89 .80 .80 .80 1.10 .90 .89 11 .41 .65 .59 .52 .60 .51 .54 .71 .80 .44 .53 .81 .76 1.41 1.20 1.10 1.41 1.49 1.61 1.51 1.60 1.10 1.18 .81 1.50 1.05 .90 1.05 .80 .80 21 .50 .50 .40 .80 1.20 .71 .70 .70 .70 .60 .61 1.43 1.42 1.40 .61 1.62 1.45 1.52 1.40 1.01 .90 .79 2 12 22 .74 3 13 23 1.40 4 14 24 1.15 5 15 25 .70 6 16 26 .80 7 17 27 .80 8 18 28 .70 9 .51 .42 19 29 1.10 10 20 30 .90 31 .74 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kamenehune ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.0 2:0 11 .7 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.8 .8 1.1 1.8 1.7 3.6 3.0 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 3.9 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.8 21 1.0 1.0 .7 1.8 3.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 3.7 3.6 3.6 1.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.6 2.3 2.0 1.8 2 12 22 1.6 3 13 23 3.6 4 14 24 2.8 5 15 25 1.5 6 16 26 1.8 7 17 27 1.8 8". 18 28 1.5 9 1.0 .7 19 29 2.7 10 20 30 2.0 31 1.6 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. This diversion is above the gaging station on Waimea River. Monthly discharge of Kamenehune ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for Oct. 9 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Ma:simum. Minimum. Mean. racy. October 9-31 3.0 4.2 4.2 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.27 2.41 2.23 57.9 143 137 C. November C. December C. 70 WATEE BESOUBCES OF HAWAII. MAKAWELI RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Makaweli River drains a long narrow basin in private ownership, occupying the western slope of Waialeale and lying south of Waimea basin. It is about 12 miles long and 25 to 30 square mUes in area. The upper part of the basin, where the rainfall is greatest, is nearly 4 miles wide, but the lower part is hardly more than a mile wide. MakaweH River proper is only a few miles long. It is the product of three separate streams or branches, which are called Olokele, Kahana, and Makuone. The Olokele, the largest and most important, reaches back to the summits of Waialeale and KawaiMni, where the rainfall is probably as much as 400 inches a year. Its deep canyon extends far back into the mountain and is remarkably beautiful. The other two streams are farther northwest, rise at lower altitudes and receive less rainfall. Their canyons are shorter and less acces- sible. Below the junction of its three branches the Makaweli runs through a canyon vaUey similar to the Waimea valley. Makaweli and Waimea rivers unite practically at sea level about a mile from the sea. The principal diversion from Makaweli basin is Olokele ditch, which takes water from the south side of Olokele Stream at 1,477 feet elevation. Poowaiomahaihai ditch diverts water a short distance above the mouth of Makaweli River for irrigation on the east side of the valley below. Other small ditches divert water for taro and rice. Gaging stations are maintained on Makaweli River near its mouth and on Olokele and Poowaiomahaihai ditches. MAKAWELI RIVER NEAR WAIMEA, EAUAI. A gaging station was established on Makaweli River about half a mile above its mouth and 2 miles from Waimea, October 6, 1911. The river at this point is straight and swift. The equipment consists of a staff gage on the right bank, graduated ill tenths of feet, and a wire suspension bridge 102 feet long. The banks are low and subj ect to overflow, but there is only one channel at all stages. The extreme range of stage is about 6 or 7 feet. This station is below aU diversions, and the discharge here repre- sents the water going to sea through Makaweli River. Discharge measurements of Makaweli River near Waimea, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Sept. 15 W. V. Hardy Feet. 63 14 Sq.ft. U6 15.4 Feet. 4.12 3.22 Sec.-ft. 110 Oct. 27 do 9.7 Note.— An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. Measure- ments made by wading at varioiis sectiooB. ISLAND OF KAUAI. Daily gage height, in feet, of Makaweli Rvver near Waimea, Kauai, for 1911. [Taguchl Ametaro, observer.] 71 Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 3.28 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.26 3.40 3.30 3.28 3.40 3.50 4.50 3.40 3.46 3.57 4.56 3.30 3.27 3.28 3.27 3.20 4.00 3.52 5.00 5.60 3.60 4.00 3.50 3.32 3.50 4.50 16 3.20 3.28 3.26 3.12 3.20 3.25 3.25 3.32 3.85 3.37 3.26 3.27 3. 26 3.27 3.22 3.26 4.00 4.78 4.87 4.50 4.00 3.86 3.82 3.56 3.97 3.48 3.46 3.42 3.36 3.32 3.30 3.78 2 17 3.50 3 18 3.38 4 19 3.32 5 20 3.30 6 3.35 3.40 3.32 3.33 3.32 3.22 3.25 3.30 3.22 3.22 21 3.40 7 22 3.35 8 23 3.38 9 24 3.38 10 25 3.32 11 26 3.30 12 27 3.28 13 28 3.25 14 29 3.80 15 4.20 30 3.30 31 3.32 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Makaweli River near Waimea, KavAxi,for 1911. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 12 11 12 12 11 . 19 13 12 19 26 200 19 23 32 216 13 12 12 12 8.2 86 28 341 520 34 86 26 14 26 200 16 8.2 12 11 5.4 8.2 11 11 14 63 17 11 12 11 12 9.2 11 86 277 303 200 86 64 59 31 81 25 23 20 17 14 13 54 2 17 26 3 18 18 4 19 14 5 20 13 6 16 19 14 15 14 9.2 11 13 9.2 9.2 21 19 7 22 16 8 23 18 9 24 18 10 25 14 11 26 13 12 27 12 13 28 11 14 29 56 15 125 30 13 31 14 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 120 second-feet. The table shows the amount of water passing into the sea below all diversions. Monthly discharge of Makaweli River near Waimea, Kauai, for Oct. 6 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. October 6-31 63 303 520 5.4 11 8.2 13.7 64.5 56.4 707 3,840 3,470 B. C. December .' C. OLOKELE DITCH AT TUNNEL NO. 12, NEAR MAKAWELI, KAUAI. Olokele ditcli diverts water from the south side of Olokele Stream at elevation of 1,477 feet. The water is carried along the south side of Olokele Canyon through practically continuous tunnel for 5 or 6 miles, and then on to the upper cane fields of the plantation of the Hawaiian Sugar Co., at Makaweli. 72 WATEE EESOUBCES OF HAW AH. The Hawaiian Sugar Co. keeps a daily gage-height record at a gage in an open masonry section of the ditch at tunnel No. 12, about 2 miles below the intake, and has furnished the records to the Geological Survey. These gage heights have been used to make an estimate of the flow at this point by means of a rating determined by a few measurements made at medium stages. The results, however, are probably very good. Discharge vfieasurements ofOlohele ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Mdkaweli, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Feb. 16 Feet. Sq.ft. 20.1 Feet. 2.63 Sec.-ft. 65 Note. — Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in feet, of Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Mdkaweli, Kauai, for 1910-11. [Hawaiian Sugar Co., observer. ] Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.2 2.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.6 1.5 2.4 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 1.5 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.5 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.5 2.8 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.2 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.5 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.4 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.4 2.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.5 2.9 2.4 2.3 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.1 3.6 3.4 2 3.3 3 2.9 4 2.4 5 2.4 6 2.4 7 3.1 8 2.4 9 2.9 10 2.5 11 2.3 12 2.3 13 2.2 14. 2.2 15 2.2 16 2.1 17 2.1 18 2.1 19 2.1 20 2.1 21 2.1 22 2.1 23 3.5 24 3.5 25 3.5 26 2.9 27 3.5 28 3.1 29 2.6 30 3.5 81 2.0 1911. 1 2.4 2 2.4 3 2.4 4 2.6 6 2.5 6 3.5 7 2.9 8 3.5 9 3.6 10 3.5 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 73 Daily gage height, in feet, of Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 1910-11— Continued. 12, near Makaweli, Kauai, for Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 11 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 1.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 3.0 .2 .7 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.5 2.9 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.4 3.5 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.5 12 3.5 13 3.5 14 3.3 15 3.6 16 3.5 17 3.5 18 3.5 19 3.2 20 2.8 21 22 2.9 2.7 23 2.8 24 2.6 25 2.5 26 2.5 27 2.4 28 2.4 29 3.5 30 2.9 31 2.4 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Makaiveli, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 60 43 43 43 28 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 80 100 80 64 80 72 60 60 72 60 72 60 60 56 52 62 62 60 64 88 66 66 62 52 49 49 49 49 49 49 64 52 49 52 43 60 60 60 64 100 92 80 100 60 52 62 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 56 100 108 84 100 100 100 100 96 100 100 96 100 100 100 100 72 96 60 96 92 64 56 56 56 68 52 62 52 100 80 80 100 92 72 43 100 100 100 80 100 64 60 56 100 60 100 76 76 100 68 76 68 60 60 56 56 52 100 72 64 43 84 76 60 56 56 52 52 52 49 49 96 92 92 100 100 64 100 80 64 100 100 96 64 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 64 100 100 100 72 80 80 80 68 68 80 88 72 84 84 100 84 68 64 60 56 56 56 100 100 68 72 60 66 62 64 100 72 68 64 80 64 68 100 100 72 64 100 72 60 76 88 100 100 80 64 68 68 60 64 -66 84 60 64 66 60 68 56 100 80 60 56 100 100 68 80 68 60 66 56 52 100 96 96 68 66 60 60 66 66 66 64 64 60 72 60 56 52 72 76 76 66 92 88 80 100 100 68 68 100 76 76 60 64 66 60 100 84 88 64 100 100 88 64 W 6(» 56 52 56 56 72 100 76 56 52 100 100 72 64 100 56 16 16 15 28 28 28 28 22 43 28 28 60 43 56 52 52 52 64 66 62 62 64 72 100 100 92 60 100 80 96 2 92 3 76 4 66 5 56 6 56 7 84 8 66 9 76 10 60 11 62 12 62 13- 49 14. 49 15 49 16 46 17 46 18 46 19 46 20 46 21 46 22 46 23 100 24 100 25 100 26 76 27... 100 28 84 29 64 30 100 31 43 74 WATER BESOUBCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Olokele ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Mdkaweli, Kauai, for J9i0-i J— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 43 43 52 52 62 88 60 28 15 15 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 37 37 43 43 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 43 43 43 43 80 80 80 80 60 60 68 64 60 60 60 60 60 64 80 96 28 28 28 28 28 56 80 68 64 72 64 28 43 43 43 68 64 64 68 76 22 37 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 68 72 76 68 64 64 64 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 80 2.1 9.4 60 60 100 88 88 100 100 100 100 80 80 84 100 100 88 72 04 64 64 80 80 72 64 88 100 72 100 88 64 60 80 100 76 68 68 64 60 80 100 76 60 60 100 100 100 96 100 96 100 80 92 100 100 100 100 80 76 64 72 100 96 100 72 68 68 60 76 88 80 72 72 100 88 100 100 76 100 SO 100 100 100 100 100 80 72 64 100 80 72 64 80 60 60 80 64 56 100 72 80 72 64 60 56 60 100 80 60 56 56 60 100 60 56 56 52 60 60 88 64 72 68 100 76 84 100 100 64 100 72 60 66 76 60 60 100 60 52 68 64 76 56 56 56 76 100 100 72 100 100 100 100 80 76 100 84 100 100 SO 100 100 100 43 43 43 43 80 84 84 100 100 76 72 100 92 68 100 84 64 64 60 60 56 60 60 56 60 60 56 52 52 52 52 56 100 60 56 56 56 56 60 56 56 56 52 100 76 76 56 84 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 80 68 72 68 64 60 66 66 2 66 3 66 4 64 5 60 6 ICO 7:.:::::::::::.. 76 8 100 9 100 10 100 11 100 12 100 13 100 14 92 15 100 16 100 17 100 18 100 19 88 20 72 21 76 22 68 23 72 24 64 25 60 26 60 27 56 28 56 29 100 30 76 31 66 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. Monthly discharge of OloheU ditch at tunnel No. 12, near Makaweli, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March April M:ay June July August September October November December The year 108 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 51.2 56.4 75.8 78.1 68.3 88.0 74.5 72.0 70.5 74.7 51.4 66.1 3,150 3,130 4,660 4,650 4,200 6,240 4,680 4,430 4,200 4,590 3,060 4,060 108 69.0 50,000 96 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 15 28 28 2.1 60 60 56 52 43 52 52 56 35.0 53.9 52.2 72.4 79.0 86.6 76.5 71.1 81.1 66.3 81.3 79.5 2,150 2,990 3,210 4,310 4,860 6,150 4,700 4,370 4,830 4,080 4,840 4,890 100 69.6 60,400 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 76 POOWAIOMAHAIHAI DITCH NEAR WAIMEA, KAUAI. Poowaiomaliailiai ditch diverts water from the east bank of Makaweli River only a short distance above the gaging station on the river. It is probably an ancient auwai, or old taro ditch, but is now used for irrigating cane on the east side of lower Waimea River. A gaging station was estabUshed on this ditch 250 feet below the intake October 27, 1911. A staff gage graduated in tenths of feet and a board footbridge for use in making measurements constitute the equipment. Discharge measurements of Poowaiomahmhai ditch near Waimea, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Oct. 27 W. V. Hardy Feet. 9.5 Sq.ft. 3.39 Feet. 0.99 Sec.-ft. 5.1 Note. — Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in feet, of Poowaiomahmhai ditch near Waim£a, Kauai, for 1911. [Taguchi Ametaro, observer.] Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.05 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.4 11 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.05 1.1 1.05 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.05 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 21 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 2 12 22 1.1 3 13 23 1.2 4 14 24 1.2 5 15 25 1.15 6 16 26 1.15 7 17 27..". 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 8 18 28 1.1 9 19 29 1.3 10 20 30 1.1 31 1.15 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poowaiomahaihai ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.8 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 29 13 39 5.4 23 11 8.4 5.4 5.4 6.8 8.4 6.8 8.4 8.4 6.8 6.8 29 18 13 39 49 29 18 13 8.4 8.4 21 6.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 13 2 .. .. 12 22 8.4 3 13 23 13 4 14 24 13 5 15 25 10 6 16 26 10 7... 17 27 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 8.4 8 18 28 8.4 9 19 29 18 10... 20 30 8.4 31 10 Note. — Daily discharge coniputed from a rating curve that is poorly defined, amount of water tskken from Makaweli Biver just above the station on the liver. The table shows the 76 WATEE KESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Poowaiomahaihai ditch near Waimea, Kauai, for Oct. 27 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-fset. Rim-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. October 27-31 5.4 8.4 49 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.40 6.48 16.0 53.6 386 984 C. November C. December D. HANAPEPE RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Hanapepe River drains a long narrow basin in Government owner- ship reaching from Hanapepe Bay to Kawaikini, the highest point of the island. The upper part of the basin lies east of Olokele basin and west of the main divide which separates it from South WaUua basin on the east. The principal water-producing area of Hanapepe basin, however, lies north of Manuahi Stream, which is tributary to the Hanapepe from the west at Koula. This upper area is diamond- shaped, its width being 2J miles and its length 4J miles. The main stream follows the long diagonal southward. Below Hanapepe Falls, which are about 8 miles above the mouth and 5 miles below the source, the course of the stream is through a deep canyon for several nules. Farther down, however, the canyon decreases in depth and increases in bottom width, thus forming Hanapepe Gulch and valley. Hanapepe River is formed by two principal branches which unite just below Hanapepe Falls (Manawaiopuna, as called by the natives). The west branch is considerably the larger, and is called Hiloa Stream. The east branch seems to have no special name among the natives, but in this report it has been designated Hanapepe Stream on account of Hanapepe FaUs, which are formed by it. The lower main fall is about 360 feet high, and is the highest and most beautiful waterfall on the island. The rainfall in the upper Hanapepe basin is very heavy. A rain gage placed August 24, 1910, on the Hiloa-Hanapepe Ridge at eleva- tion of 2,080 feet, registered 74 inches to the end of 1910 and 249 inches during 1911, or an average of 0.65 inch a day for the whole period. Water for cane irrigation is diverted from Hanapepe River and tribu- taries at elevation of 520 feet through Hanapepe ditch. Numerous other small ditches take out water for rice and taro irrigation in the vaUey between Koula and the sea, a distance of 5 or 6 nules, Gaguig stations have been placed on the Hanapepe and Hiloa streams at the ditch intakes just below the falls, and on the main stream at Koula, also on Hanapepe and Hiloa ditches near the intakes and on the main ditch below the siphon at Koula. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 77 HANAPEPE RIVER AT HANAPEPE FALLS, NEAR ELEELE, KAUAI. A gaging station was established on Hanapepe River November 22, 1911, at the intake of the ditch which heads in the pool at the foot of Hanapepe Falls. The gage is graduated in tenths of feet and is bolted to the stone abutment on the west side of the ditch, so that its zero is about level with the crest of the dam. The dam is 75 feet long, 3 feet wide at the crest, and about 4 feet high. The crest of the dam is smooth and measurements are made on the crest by wading. To the flow over the dam must be added the flow in the ditch in order to get the total quantity passing over Hanapepe Falls. Disehargc measurements ofHana'pepe River at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 22a W.V.Hardy. .. Feet. 70 Sq.ft. 11.8 Feet. 0.24 Sec.-ft. 11.4 o Measurement made by wading on crest of dam. The zero of the gage is about one-tenth of a foot below the average level of the crest. Daily gage height, in feet, of Hanapepe River at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. [S. W. Holmer, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .5 2 !65 .0 .0 11 .8 .3 .1 .2 .2 .3 .0 .0 .3 .1 21 .0 2 12 22 0.2 .2 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3 13 23 .0 4 14 24 .0 5 . ... 15 25 .0 6 16 26 .0 7 17 27 .0 8 18 28 .0 9 • 19 29 .0 10 20 30 .0 31 .0 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanapepe River at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 52 7.0 83 .0 .0 11 119 19 .4 7.0 7.0 19 .0 .0 19 .4 21 0.0 2 12 22 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3 13 23 .0 4... 14 24 .0 5 15 25 .0 6 ... . 16 26 .0 7 17 27 .0 8 IS 28 .0 9 19 29 .0 10 20 30 .0 31 .0 Note. — DaUy discharge determined by one measurement on the crest of the dam, which is 3 feet wide and 75 feet long, and a curve for a broad-crested weir. The table shows the amount of water passing over Hanapepe Falls and not taken by Hanapepe ditch. 78 WATEE RESOUECES OF HAWAII. HANAPEPE EIVEE AT KOULA, NEAR ELEELE, KAUAI. A gaging station was established on Hanapepe River at Konla August 18, 1910. This station is at the second ford about half a mile above the siphon at Koula. The equipment consists of an inclined staff gage and Friez clock register for obtaining gage heights, with a cable and car for use in making high-water measurements. Low-water measurements must be made by wading on account of the sluggish current imder the cable which is intended for use in only high or moderate stages. The bottom of the stream consists of bowlders above and below the station, but the section seems to be permanent. There is, however some probability of change at the ford below the station which may affect the section above. The stream is about 40 feet wide at low water, and its maximimi range of stage is 6 to 8 feet. The flow at this point is exclusive of the amount taken by Hanapepe ditch 2 or 3 miles above. To obtain total discharge of river add flow of ditch at Koula. Discharge measurements of Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. height. Dis- charge. 1910. Aug. 18a Sept. 29i> 1911. Feb. lib May la Nov. 23a Martin and Schnack Martin and Pierce.. . Martin and Hoyt. . . W. F. Martin W.V.Hardy Feet. 35.1 53 Sq.ft. 30.4 234 252 83 58 Feet. 1.02 1.77 1.82 1.27 1.38 Sec.-ft. 14. J 78 93 22.8 42.3 o Measurement made by wading below the cable. b Measurement made from cable. Note. — An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in feet, of Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1910-11. [S. W. Holmer, observer.] Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.05 1.45 1.5 1.15 1.75 1.35 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.15 1.1 1.15 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.15 2.30 3.0 2.0 1.5 2.20 3.6 2.35 2.45 2.4 1.95 2.0 1.95 1.9 2.55 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Day. 1910. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.05 2.35 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.15 2.4 1.65 1.7 1.4 1.35 1.15 1.1 1.35 1.15 1.1 1.2 1.15 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.55 1.3 1.2 1.15 1.3 1.15 1.1 1.15 1.45 1.15 1.1 1.15 2.50 2.90 1.7 1.4 1.25 1.15 1.25 1.3 1.35 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.55 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.05 1.6 3.35 4.10 3.65 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.70 2.05 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 79 Daily gage height, infect, of Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1910-11- Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.95 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.25 1.25 1.8 2.65 2.3 3.1 3.3 4.15 3.5 2.5 2.1 2.0 3.65 2.4 2.6 2.1 1.95 1.95 1.9 3.15 3.15 2.35 2.65 4.05 2.45 2.20 3.35 3.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.15 3.05 2.6 2.3 2.45 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.15 2.05 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.7 1.95 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.95 1.85 1.8 1.75 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.65 1.55 1.6 1.55 2.65 2.5 2.05 1.95 1.9 1.75 1.65 1.6 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.45 1.45 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.25 1.2 1.8 1.7 2.05 2.05 3.0 2.2 2.5 2.15 1.65 1.45 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.15 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.55 1.4 1.25 1.15 1.2 2.05 1.7 2.0 1.35 1.15 1.1 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.15 1.95 1.6 2.05 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.45 1.5 1.35 2.4 2.15 1.85 1.5 1.6 1.35 1.35 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.95 2.1 2.0 1.65 1.6 1.6 2.05 1.6 2.05 1.5 1.4 1.35 1.8 1.55 1.45 1.35 1.4 1.25 1.2 1.35 1.2 1.35 1.55 1.65 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.15 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.25 1.2 1.15 1.5 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.65 1.7 1.8 1.95 1.4 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.1 1.25 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.45 2.2 1.6 2.6 2.6 1.7 2.45 3.4 3.4 2.6 4.8 2.6 3.2 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.95 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.35 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.05 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.15 1.15 1.3 1.55 1.5 1.4 1.15 1.95 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.35 2.3 1.75 1.75 1.55 1.35 1.3 1.45 1.3 1.75 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2 1.1 3 1.1 4... 1.1 S 1.1 6 1.95 7 1.35 8 1.5 9 4.0 10 2.0 11 2.5 12 2.1 13 1.8 14 1.75 15 1.3 2.5 17 1.7 18 1.8 19 1.65 20 1.5 1.4 22 1.35 23 1.2 24 1.2 1.15 26 1.1 27 1.1 1.1 29 1.4 30 1.4 31 1.1 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1910-11, Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 18 18 21 38 18 18 18 18 24 18 16 43 48 21 79 34 24 24 30 21 18 21 86 48 30 21 ISO 320 120 48 160 452 190 210 200 111 120 111 102 230 240 120 72 30 24 24 21 18 18 16 16 14 14 18 14 14 14 14 14 14 1910. 16 14 18 18 16 190 160 48 24 21 200 66 72 38 34 21 18 34 21 18 24 21 102 72 60 60 60 48 48 120 48 54 30 24 21 30 21 18 21 43 21 18 21 220 300 72 38 27 21 27 30 34 24 24 24 38 30 54 160 86 24 30 24 14 2 17 14 3 18 14 4 19 14 5 20 14 6 21 14 7 22 16 8 23 60 9 24 397 10 .- 25 563 11 26 463 12 27 180 13 28 72 14 29 86 15 30 260 31 130 80 WATEK EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanapepe River near Eleele, Kauai, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jiine. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Ill 518 86 60 30 102 66 24 24 102 14 72 300 86 60 24 140 60 21 18 60 14 24 200 79 54 30 150 60 48 18 111 14 24 200 66 48 27 111 130 21 18 160 14 27 150 60 48 27 60 60 18 30 72 30 27 331 60 48 21 130 130 18 48 60 21 86 240 72 43 24 200 48 21 30 60 21 250 180 180 43 24 140 38 24 18 48 30 180 210 111 38 30 60 34 18 48 34 54 342 342 94 38 18 43 86 38 140 30 48 386 240 86 30 24 48 54 18 200 24 38 574 220 79 38 24 34 43 140 220 24 21 430 150 54 60 18 200 34 48 48 24 111 220 130 48 48 18 150 38 72 42 21 140 140 111 48 27 30 94 27 38 160 21 160 120 102 60 24 54 48 24 30 60 21 72 463 102 66 86 38 ^ 34 66 240 21 160 200 60 72 72 27 34 24 72 240 18 190 240 34 86 130 21 34 34 86 72 18 180 140 34 72 130 24 38 54 111 210 18 79 111 48 66 320 130 200 66 38 408 18 79 111 60 54 160 72 72 38 24 408 16 54 102 72 60 220 120 102 30 21 240 18 34 353 120 54 150 34 72 24 21 724 30 30 353 86 250 66 21 140 21 18 240 14 43 190 260 220 43 18 160 18 27 364 14 30 250 111 130 200 30 102 200 38 220 14 79 552 86 111 120 160 111 200 18 120 14 18 210 102 60 220 140 86 18 72 14 18 160 79 38 160 120 38 30 102 16 18 397 66 180 27 48 16 Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 18 18 18 18 18 111 34 48 540 120 220 140 86 79 30 220 72 86 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 100 second-feet. The table does not include the water in Hanapepe ditch. Monthly discharge of Hanapepe River at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maxunum. Minimum. Mean, Rxm-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. August 16-31 September October November December 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 200 120 320 452 560 574 518 247 320 218 203 201 141 725 160 186 540 59.8 40.2 62.9 100 82.0 221 168 88.8 83.5 54.1 103 58.8 39.8 158 36.5 60.5 73.5 94.8 1,900 2,390 3,870 5,950 5,040 13,600 9,330 5,460 4,970 3,330 6,130 3,620 2,450 9,400 2,240 3,600 4,520 68,600 Note. — The above estimate does not include the water in Hanapepe ditch. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 81 HANAPEPE DITCH AT HANAPEPE FALLS, NEAR ELEELE, KAUAI. Hanapepe ditch takes water from the west side of Hanapepe Stream at the foot of Hanapepe Falls (elevation, 520 feet), and unites with Hiloa ditch about 600 feet below. It takes all the low-water flow of Hanapepe Stream. A gaging station was established on this ditch November 22, 1911. The gage is in a flume about 400 feet below the intake, and is gradu- ated in tenths of feet. Measurements are made from a cross timber of the flume about 4 feet above the gage. Discharge measurements of Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. ^^ idth. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 22 W.V.Hardy Feet. 5.2 Sq.ft. 5.9 Feet. 1.15 Sec.-ft. 17.5 Note.— Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, infect, of Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. [S. W. Holmer, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1.05 1.05 11 1.6 1.4 1.35 1.35 1.4 1.4 21 1.25 2 12 22 1.2 1.2 1.25 1.2 1.25 3 13 23 1.25 4 1.1 1.05 1.45 1.2 1.35 14 24 5 15 25 6 16 26 1.15 7 17 27 1.15 • 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 8 18 28 1.1 9 19 1.4 1.3 29 1.15 10 20 30 1.2 31 1.1 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 15 15 a 16 16 15 24 19 22 24 a 26 11 28 23 22 22 23 23 123 23 23 21 21 20 2 12 22 19 19 20 19 a 18 18 16 16 16 20 3 13 23 20 4 14 24 19 5 15 25 ol9 6 16 26 18 7.. 17 27 16 8 18 28 16 9 19 29 18 10 20 30 19 31 16 a Discharge interpolated. Note.— DaOy discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. It shows the quantity of water diverted at the foot of Hanapepe Falls. 74323°— wsp 318—13 6 82 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Hanapepe ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for Nov. 22 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofiE (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 22-30 20 28 16 15 17.9 20.1 320 1,240 C. D. HANAPEPE DITCH AT KOULA, NEAR ELEELE, KAUAI. Hanapepe ditch takes water from the west side of the two branch streams at Hanapepe Falls, and from small tributaries on both sides farther down. It consists mainly of wooden flume and pipe siphon inside the canyon, and crosses the stream four times before emerging upon the cane fields of the Hawaiian Sugar Co. on the west side of the river. The ditch is on the west side of the river in the upper canyon above Koula, and on the east side below. The Hawaiian Sugar Co. maintains a gage in the first flume below the big siphon at Koula and has furnished the records to the Geolog- ical Survey for 1910 and 1911. The Survey has rated the section and has used the gage heights to obtain the daily flow. This station is about 4 rmles below the intake, and shows the amount of water taken from the river above the station at Koula. Discharge measurements of Hanapepe ditch at Koula, near Eleele, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Aug. 19 Sept. 29 1911. May 2 Martin and Schnack Feet. 4.95 4.9 5.05 Sq.ft. 14.3 15.3 16.0 Inches. 34.5 37.7 38.2 Sec.-ft. 45.0 52 W. F. Martin 53.8 Note.— An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 83 Daily gage height, in inches, of Hanapepe ditch at Koula, near Hanapepe, Kauai, for 1910-11. [Hawaiian Sugar Co.] Bay. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 31 30.5 30 30 30 30 29.5 29 33 31 30 29 30 32 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 37 18.5 18.5 19 37 33 36.5 37 37 37 34 34 31.5 30 29 29 29 . 28.5 28 28 28 28 32 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 10 19 19 19 19 19 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 10 10 10 10 10 10 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36.5 36 34.5 34.5 35 33.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 10 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 28 28 28 33 33 36 37 37 37 37 37 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36 34 35 34.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 -37 37 36 36.5 35 35 34 35 36.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36 36 37 37 37 36 37 37 37 37 36 37 36.8 9 9 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 87 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 9 9 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36.5 36.5 36.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36.5 36 35.5 37 37 8 37 37 37 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37- 37 37 37 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 35 35 34.5 35 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36 37 36 36 35.5 35 36.2 35 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36.8 36 35 36.5 37 36.8 36 36.5 37 35 33.5 35 37 35 36 34.5 33 37 33.2 34 34 37 37 36 37 37 34.5 32 32 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 34.5 33.5 33 36 37 37 34.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36 31 37 37 37 35 35 35 33.2 37 37 37 35 33 37 37 37 37 37 35.5 35 35 34 35 37 36 33.2 33.8 33 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 35.8 37 37 37 37 37 36.5 36 37 37 36.5 36.2 36 35.8 35.5 35 36.5 36 35 34.5 34.2 34 34 35 37 37 37 37 37 37 35 35 35 35 32 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 36 37 35.5 34 34 32 33 35.5 35 37 36 37 37 37 37 36.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 36.2 36 36 36 35.8 34.5 34 36.8 2 33.5 3 33.5 4 33 5 33 6 34 7... 34 8 33.2 9 36 10 33 11 32 12 32 13 31.5 14 31 15 30.5 16 30.2 30 18 30 29.8 20 29.5 21 29.2 29 23 37 24 37 25 37 37 18 18 18 17 18 33 37 26 37 27 37 28 37 37 30 37 1911. 1 33 2 3 33 33 4 34 5 32 33 33 18 18 18 18 18 18 10 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 34 6 37 37 8 37 37 10 37 11 37 12 37 13 37 37 15 37 16 37 37 18 37 19 37 20 37 21 37 22 37 23 37 37 25.. 26 35 35 28 34.5 29 37 30 31 37 84 WATEE KESOUKCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanapepe ditch at Koula, near Hanapepe, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1. 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 40 39 38 38 38 38 37 36 43 40 38 36 38 42 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.7 51 18 18 19 51 43 50 51 51 51 45 45 41 38 36 36 36 35 34 34 34 34 42 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 6.8 19 19 19 19 19 6.8 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 50 49 46 46 47 44 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 6.8 6.8 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 21 34 34 34 43 43 49 51 51 51 51 51 49 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 45 47 46 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 50 47 47 45 47 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 49 51 51 51 49 51 51 51 51 49 61 51 6.8 5.8 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 5.8 5.8 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 61 61 61 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 50 49 48 51 51 4.9 51 51 51 49 49 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 48 48 48 48 47 47 46 47 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 51 49 49 48 47 49 47 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 47 50 51 51 49 50 51 47 44 47 51 47 49 46 43 51 43 45 45 51 51 49 51 51 46 42 42 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 46 44 43 49 51 51 46 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 40 46 51 51 51 47 47 47 43 51 51 51 47 43 51 51 51 51 51 48 47 47 45 47 51 49 43 45 43 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 49 51 51 51 51 51 50 49 51 51 50 49 49 49 48 47 50 49 47 46 45 45 45 47 51 51 51 51 51 51 47 47 47 47 42 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 49 51 48 45 45 42 43 48 47 51 49 51 51 51 51 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 61 51 51 51 49 49 49 49 49 46 45 51 2 44 3 44 4 43 5 43 6 45 7 45 8 43 9 49 10 43 11 42 12 42 13 41 14 40 39 38 17 38 38 19 38 37 36 22 36 23 51 24 51 51 51 18 18 18 16 18 43 42 42 43 43 18 18 18 18 18 18 6.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 51 26 51 27 51 51 29 51 30 61 31 1911. 1 43 2 43 43 4 45 5 45 6 51 7 51 8 51 9 51 10 51 11 51 12 61 13 51 14 61 15 51 51 17 51 18 51 19 51 51 21 51 22 51 23 51 24 51 25 26 47 27 47 28 46 29 51 31 61 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined above 35 second-feet. ISLAND OF KAtTAI. 85 Monthly discharge of Hanapepe ditch at Koula, near Hanapepe, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-oflE (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1010. January 25-31 February March April Mfay June July August September O etober November December The period 1911. January February March April May June July August September O etober November December The year 27.1 28.3 45.1 45.1 49.7 51.0 50.9 49.9 48.4 48.5 34.5 42.7 44.7 12.1 6.02 9.11 32.8 47.8 42.9 44.4 48.4 42.8 49.4 49.0 46.1 376 1,570 2,770 2,680 3,060 3,030 3,130 3,070 2,880 2,980 2,050 2,630 30,200 744 334 560 1,950 2,940 2,550 2,730 2,980 2,550 3,040 2,920 2,830 51 36.1 26,100 HANAPEPE DITCH AT WEIR NEAR MAKAWELI, KAUAI, The Hawaiian Sugar Co. has a measuring weir on the Hanapepe ditch below the last siphon across Hanapepe River. The records at this weir show the amount of water delivered by the ditch at the cane fields. The monthly flow for 1910 and 1911 has been furnished to the Geo- logical Survey by the Hawaiian Sugar Co. Monthly discharge of Hanapepe ditch at weir near Makaweli, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. 1910 Mean dis- charge in second- feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1911 Mean dis- charge in second- feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). January February.. March April May June July August September. October November. December. . !14.7 '28.7 40.6 !41.3 38.4 204 1,480 2,500 2,210 2,360 46.7 44.2 41.8 42.4 (31.3 = 41.2 2,870 2,720 2,490 2,610 1,240 2,370 /9.73 ffll.3 A 13.3 31.3 45.5 44.2 t 44.9 43.6 y46.1 46.7 45.5 46.1 540 247 554 1,860 2,800 2,630 2,670 2,680 2,380 2,870 2,710 2,830 The period. 23,100 24,800 a 7 days; 6 26 days; c 27 days; <2 20 days; « 29 days; / 28 days; g 11 days; A 21 days; « 30 days; i 26 days. Note. — Monthly mean head in inches (on 5.75-foot weir from Jan. 1 to June 5, 1910, and on 12-foot weir after June 5) furnished by the Hawaiian Sugar Co. As the discharge varies as the three-halves power of the head, the above figures may be considerably in error. 86 WATEE EESOURCES OP HAWAH. HILOA STREAM AT HANAPEPE FALLS, NEAR ELEELE, KAUAI. Hiloa Stream, the principal branch of Hanapepe River, joins the Hanapepe from the west only a few hundred feet below the foot of Hanapepe Falls. Hiloa ditch diverts water from the west side a short distance above the confluence of the two streams. A gaging station was established at the ditch intake November 21, 1911. The gage is graduated in tenths of feet and is fastened to the stone abutment on the right bank so that the zero is about level with the crest of the diversion dam. The dam is 75 feet long, 3 feet wide at the crest, and about 5 feet high. Measurements are made by wading on the smooth concrete surface of the crest. The flow over the dam does not include the flow through Hiloa ditch. Discharge measurements of Hiloa Stream at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 21o W. v. Hardy Feet. 75 Sq.ft. 14.2 Feet. 0.28 Sec.-ft. 9.6 1 Measurement made by wading on crest of dam, which is 3 feet wide and 75 feet long. The zero of the gage is about 0.15 foot below the average level of the crest. Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiloa Stream at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. [S. W. Holmer, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0.7 .15 .95 .0 .0 11 1.2 .6 .4 .35 .6 .6 .0 .0 .0 .0 21 0.3 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0.6 2 12 22 .2 3 13.. 23 .15 4 14 24 .15 5 15. . 25 .0 6 16.. 26 .0 7 17 27 .0 8 18 28 .0 9 19 29 .0 10 20 30 .0 31 .0 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiloa Stream at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dee. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 82 .2 143 .0 .0 11 162 61 26 18 61 61 .0 .0 .0 .0 21.. 12 2.7 2.7 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 61 2 12 22 2.7 3 13 23 .2 4 14 . 24 .2 5 15 25.. .0 6 16 26 .0 7 17.. 27 . .. .0 8 18 28 .0 9 19 29 .0 10 20 30 .0 31 .0 Note.— Daily discharge determined by one measurement on crest of dam, which is 3 feet wide and 75 feet long, and a curve for a broad-crested weir. The table does not include the water diverted by the Hiloa branch of the Hanapepe ditch. ISLAND OP KAUAI. 87 HILOA DITCH AT HANAPEPE FALLS NEAE ELEELE, KAUAI. Hiloa ditch is the chief supply for the main Hanapepe ditch. It takes water from the west side of Hiloa Stream only a short distance above the confluence of Hiloa and Hanapepe streams. It joins Hanapepe ditch about 550 feet below its intake. A gaging station was established on this ditch November 22, 1911. The station is in the open ditch about 335 feet below the intake. The gage is graduated in tenths of feet and is spiked to the retaining wall on the left bank. Measurements are made from a board used as a footbridge. This station gives the total flow of Hiloa Stream at low stages^ when the ditch carries all the water. Discharge measurements of Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kavxii, 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 22 W. V. Hardy Feet. 6.5 Sq.ft. 14.5 Feet. 2.00 Sec.-ft. 38.9 Note. — Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. [S. W. Holmer, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1.7 1.7 11 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 21 2.05 2 12 22 2.0 2.0 2.O.. 2.0 3 13 23 2.05 4 i.8 1.7 2.5 2.15 2.55 14 24 5 15 25 1.95 6 16 26 1.85 7.. ... .. 17.. . 27 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.75 1.8 8 18 28 1.8 9 19 2.05 1.9 29 1.95 10 20 30 2.15 31 1.8 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dee. 1 32 32 a 33 34 32 51 42 52 51 a 49 11 48 39 37 39 41 41 041 a 40 40 37 21 40 2 12 22 39 39 39 38 a 38 38 37 34 33 39 3 13 23 40 4 14 ■ 24 o39 5 15 25 037 6 16 26 36 7 17 27 34 8 18 28 34 9 19 : 29 38 10 20 30 42 31 34 a Discharge interpolated. Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. The table shows the amount of water diverted from the Hiloa branch of Hanapepe River a short distance above the confluence of the two streams. 88 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Hiloa ditch at Hanapepe Falls, near Eleele, Kauai, for Nov. 22 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 22-30 39 52 33 32 37.2 39.5 663 2,430 C. December C. HANAMATJLTT RIVER BASIN. HANAMAULU RIVER AT EA.PAIA, NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. Hanamaulu River rises nortli of Kilohana Crater and flows east in a sinuous course through comparatively an open country to the ocean through Hanamaulu Bay. Its total length is 8 to 10 miles. It drains the northern and eastern slopes of Kilohana tufa cone (elevation, 1,134 feet), and its basin is north of Nawiliwili basin and south of the basin of the Wailua. The rainfall ranges from 50 inches near the sea to 100 inches at the source. Considerable rice is grown in the lower valley. A gaging station was established on Hanamaulu River at the high- way bridge in Kapaia village September 4, 1911. The gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the bridge pier on the right bank. Low-water measurements are made by wading. At high stages measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The bed of the stream is rocky, but fair conditions for measure- ments exist. Water is diverted a short distance below the station for rice irrigation in the valley. Discharge measurements of Hanamaulu River at Kapaia, near Lihue, Kauai, in 1911, Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Sept. 4 W. v. Hardy Feet. 14 14 Sq.ft. 14.4 24.1 Feet. 5.17 5.80 8ec.-ft. 10.5 27 do 35.6 Note.— Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Measure- ments made by wading at various sections. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 89 Daily gage height, in feet, of Hanamaulu River at Kapaia, near Lihue, Kauai, for 1911. [J. K. Gandall, observer.] Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 '"'K.l' 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.'i 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 16 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.2 """5."7" 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.8 5.95 '"h'.h," 5.35 5.3 5.3 5.4 2 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 17 3 18 5.4 4 19 5.3 5 20 5.2 6 21 5.0 7 22 5.3 8 23 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 '"'s.'i' 5.1 5.55 9 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.8 24 10 25 11 26 5.1 12 27 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.0 13 28 5.7 U 29 5.7 15 30.. 5.6 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanamaulu River at Kapaia, near Lihue, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 31 31 31 31 31 27 27 27 27 27 22 18 27 36 29 11 14 14 18 18 18 18 27 14 14 18 18 18 18 18 14 11 9.8 8.6 8.6 8.6 14 11 6.6 12 18 18 18 14 11 16 22 11 11 11 8.6 8.6 9.8 11 11 11 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 14 11 11 21 31 22 11 31 36 42 39 36 16 14 14 18 2 17 18 3 18 18 4 19 14 5 20 11 6 21 6.6 7 22 14 8 23 24 9 24 19 10 25 14 11 26 8.6 12 27 36 36 31 31 6.6 13 28 31 14 29 31 15 30 27 31 19 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined, ing was obtained on Sundays, nence the discharge is interpolated for those days. No gage-height read- Monthly discharge of Hanamaulu River at Kapaia, near Lihue, Kauai, for Sept. 27 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. September 27-30 33.5 19.0 20.2 14.9 266 1,170 1,200 916 October 36 42 31 8.6 11 6.6 B November B December B 90 WATEB EESOTJRCES OF HAWAII. WAILTJA RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Wailua River basin is the largest basin on windward Kauai. It lies north of the Hanamaulu and Huleia basins, east of Hanapepe and Olokele basins, south of Hanalei and Kalihiwai basins, and west and south of Kapaa basin. It comprises an area of 45 or 50 square miles, which is only slightly less than the area of Waimea basin on the lee- ward side. In shape it is roughly trapezoidal, with the long base at the southeast about 11 miles long, and the short base at the northwest, along the divide from Waialeale northeastward, 6 to 7 miles long. The west leg, from Waialeale southward, is 4 to 5 miles in length, and the east leg, from Kapehuaala southeastward to the mouth, is 7 to 8 miles in length. The Wailua basin consists for the most part of comparatively open rolling country — a sort of plain with a few isolated hills — lying east of the Waialeale mountain mass and west of Kalepa Ridge, which has been intersected by the lower river on its way to the sea. This ridge is about 5 miles long, 600 feet high, and parallels the seashore about a mUe inland. Aahoaka and Hanahanapuni are the most prominent individual hills in the basin. Wailua River has two main branches which drain approximately equal areas and unite just west of the cut through Kalepa Ridge about 1^ miles from the sea. The South Fork drains the area that lies south of Hanahanapuni and Kawaikini, and is practically all on fee- simple land. The North Fork drains the area north of Hanahana- puni and east of Waialeale and the ridge to the northeast, and is prac- tically all on public lands. Each fork has several important branches which unite at elevation about 500 feet. Below the junction of the different branches each stream occupies a well-developed channel that increases in depth toward the sea until it attains the proportions of a considerable gorge with rather high falls at the head. Opaikaa Stream is tributary to the lower main Wailua from the north. The rainfall in Wailua basin probably ranges from 120 inches at Hanahanapuni to 300 inches in the northern mountains and 400 inches at Waialeale. The upper part of the basin is very steep — precipitous palis, or cliffs, 2,000 to 3,000 feet high around Waialeale — and the run-off is very rapid. The fluctuations in flow are not only very great but exceedingly rapid. The streams may rise and fall several feet at a time for half a dozen times or more in a few hours. Perhaps Wailua River exemplifies these fluctuations better than any other stream in the islands. (See clock record of stage for North Fork of Wailua River, fig. 2, p. 102.) Water is diverted from both forks of Wailua River for irrigating cane on the higher lands and rice on the low valley lands along the ISLAND OF KAUAI. 91 river. Considerable rice is grown in the valley near the mouth of the river and in small isolated valleys much farther up. The principal ditches are Lihue and Hanamaulu from the south side of South Fork, and Kanaha from the south side of North Fork. Gaging stations are maintained on South Fork and the two ditches taking water above and on North Fork and the ditch diverting water above the station. The Wailua River basin undoubtedly offers better storage sites than any other basin in the islands. In fact, it is one of the few basins in which storage reservoirs in the bed of the stream seems practicable. SOUTH FORK OF WAILUA RIVER AT SIPHON NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. A gaging station was established on South Fork of Wailua River at the crossing of the Kanaha ditch siphon July 1, 1910. The station is below the intakes for Lihue and Hanamaulu ditches and also a few hundred feet below the power line of the Kauai Electric Co. The equipment consists of a staff gage on the left bank graduated in tenths of feet, and the siphon steel-truss bridge from which meas- urements are made. At low water measurements are made by wading. The channel is straight underneath the bridge, but the thread of the current makes an angle of about 52° with the bridge. In all measure- ments from the bridge a reduction factor, determined by actual meas- urements, has been used in order to correct for the skew of the bridge. The bed of the stream consists of bowlders, some of which were re- moved in order to improve the section. The stream is 50 feet wide at low water, and the maximum range of stage is at this point 6 to 8 feet. The stream overflows its right bank at moderately high stages and forms a second channel which can not be measured. .This station was abandoned at the end of 1911 and a new one established much farther downstream. Discharge measurements of South Fork of Wailua River at siphon near Lihue, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. July 14o 18a A . fJ. Sf^hnank . . , , Feet. 52 72 61 52 53 52 39 34 45 Sq.ft. 97 306 203 84 112 123 59 48.2 55 Feet. 1.9 5.25 3.72 1.66 2.3 2.62 2.05 1.89 1.88 Sec.-ft. 35 do 1,030 18a . .do 355 Aug. 2a 29a . ...do 31.6 do 85 Sept. 30a Martin and Pierce 102 Nov. 226 W. F. Martin 62 1911. May 5a 5b W. F. Martin , 34.5 do 35.1 o Measurement made from siphon bridge, which makes an angle of about 52° with the axis of the stream. A factor of 0.62 was used to reduce measured area to rectangular cross section. b Measurement made by wading. 92 WATEB EESOURCES OP HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Waicua River at siphon near Lihtie, KaiLai,for 1910-11. (Mori, observer.] Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Date. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 . 2.30 2.30 2.55 3.05 2.40 2.15 2.00 1.95 1.85 1.85 1.70 2.15 2.05 1.90 1.75 1.75 1.65 1.65 2.40 3.55 3.10 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.15 1.95 1.75 1.65 2.15 2.10 1.60 1.60 1.55 1.95 1.55 1.45 1.60 1.40 1.65 1.45 1.85 2.70 2.55 1.75 2.35 2.30 2.05 1.95 2.30 1.85 1.75 1.70 2.60 2.65 2.00 1.75 3.15 5.75 2.75 2.15 2.50 6.30 4.40 4.25 3.40 3.15 3.00 3.05 3.15 3.55 3.60 3.15 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.10 2.15 2.40 2.10 2.10 2.20 2.15 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.70 1910. 16 1.65 1.60 2.00 1.80 3.85 1.90 1.75 1.60 1.75 1.70 1.55 2.20 2.45 2.30 1.90 1.85 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.40 2.40 3.95 2.45 1.95 1.75 3.90 2.50 2.45 2.15 2.05 1.85 1.75 2.25 1.55 1.50 2.35 2.50 2.90 2.65 2.55 2.70 2.85 2.80 2.30 3.70 2.30 2.25 1.75 1.80 1.95 2.10 1.75 1.70 1.70 2.00 2.00 1.55 1.50 2.70 3.70 3.05 2.90 2.70 2.35 2.30 2.05 1.90 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.15 2.30 3.65 2.40 2.15 2.60 2.35 1.70 2 17 1 80 3 4 18 19 20 21 1.80 1.68 S 1.40 6 1.30 7.. 22 1.30 8 23 2.55 9 24 3.10 10 25 5.50 11 12 26 27 5.75 4.85 13 28 2.72 14 29 2.62 15 30 5.75 31 3.15 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2.55 2.48 2.40 2.30 2.40 2.52 2.60 8.48 3.85 3.55 2.65 5.45 4.05 3.90 3.25 3.02 3.35 2.95 3.75 3.00 2.85 2.55 3.35 3.65 3.30 4.15 4.50 7.26 4.95 2.95 3.95 4.80 5.00 3.52 3.35 4.85 3.30 3.20 485 3.40 3.70 3.45 3.25 3.02 2.92 2.75 2.75 2.60 2.45 2.30 2.30 2.35 2.28 2.25 2.55 2.50 3.15 2.78 2.52 2.45 2.22 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.28 2.90 2.80 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.12 2.00 1.98 2.08 2.08 2.02 2.00 2.10 2.10 2.18 2.22 2.15 3.78 3.75 2.70 2.45 2.00 2. CO 1.98 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.30 2.25 2.00 2.00 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 2.30 2.40 1.78 2.28 2.82 2.60 3.25 3.25 3.75 3.00 3.32 2.75 2.25 2.15 4.85 2.80 2.35 2.10 1.98 1.82 1.82 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.85 1.82 2.05 2.35 1.82 1.82 1.75 1.70 1.95 2.55 2.30 1.95 1.75 2.05 3.45 4.15 2.40 2.45 2.18 2.15 2.20 5.00 3.55 3.25 3.52 3.10 3.22 3.80 3.70 3.08 3.20 3.70 3.05 2.62 2.30 2.30 2.25 3.60 4.05 2.95 2.78 2.75 2.35 2.20 2.10 2.80 2.30 3.00 2.40 2.48 2.45 2.55 2.85 2.90 2.62 2.30 2.40 2.20 2.60 2.00 2.15 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.65 2.65 2.25 2.12 2.15 2.00 2.40 2.28 1.90 1.90 2.15 2.25 2.20 2.05 2.02 1.82 1.80 3.30 4.02 2.65 2.40 2.25 2.28 2.20 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.10 1.92 2.02 2.05 2.65 2.50 3.05 2.65 2.60 2.32 2.22 2.22 2.92 2.70 3.05 2.30 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.92 1.88 1.90 1.80 1.72 2.35 2.25 2.00 1.78 1.70 1.62 1.80 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.20 2.20 3.55 2.65 2.52 2.35 3.10 2.35 3.80 2.65 2.25 3.60 2.62 6.78 5.40 8.14 4.35 3.85 3.80 3.52 3.05 3.00 3.05 2.95 3.45 3.00 2.65 2.58 2.50 2.50 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.92 1.78 1.65 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.50 1.42 1.35 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.35 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.60 1.72 1.75 1.80 1.85 2.50 2.18 3.15 2.75 3.05 2.75 2.55 3.42 4.35 2.65 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.08 2.40 2.40 2.60 2.38 2.30 2.15 2.22 2 2.20 3 2.15 4 2.10 5 2.20 6 3.10 7 2.35 8 3.32 9 5.66 10 4.60 11 3.30 12 4.80 13 3.20 14 3.20 15 3.15 16 3.40 17 3.08 18 2.68 19 3.00 20 2.92 21 2.38 22 2.68 23 2.55 24 2.60 25 2.32 26 2.20 27 2.20 28 2.40 29 2.50 30 ; 2.65 31 2.25 1 1 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 93 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Wailua River at siphon near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. Jnly. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 75 75 104 187 86 60 48 44 38 38 28 60 52 41 31 31 26 26 86 307 197 65 65 70 60 44 31 26 60 56 23 23 20 44 20 16 23 14 26 16 38 125 104 31 80 75 52 44 75 38 31 28 111 118 48 31 208 1,300 133 60 98 1,620 610 545 267 208 177 187 208 307 321 208 177 133 98 75 75 65 56 60 86 56 56 65 60 48 48 48 44 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30. 31. 1910 26 23 48 34 396 41 31 23 31 28 20 65 92 75 41 38 28 23 18 14 86 430 92 44 31 413 98 92 60 52 38 31 70 20 18 80 98 158 118 104 125 150 141 75 350 75 70 31 34 44 56 31 28 28 48 48 20 18 125 350 187 158 125 80 75 52 41 56 56 56 56 60 75 336 86 60 111 80 28 2 34 3 34 4 27 5 14 6 11 7 11 8 104 9 197 10 1,160 11 1,300 12 820 13 128 14 114 15 1,300 208 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jvme. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Doc. 1911. 104 96 86 75 86 101 111 2,930 396 307 118 1,140 466 413 230 181 254 168 365 177 ISO 104 80 118 242 505 655 2,200 870 168 AM 795 895 299 254 820 242 219 820 267 350 280 230 181 162 133 133 111 92 75 75 80 73 70 104 98 208 138 101 92 67 65 65 65 65 73 158 141 88 80 73 58 48 47 54 64 50 48 56 56 63 67 60 374 365 125 92 48 48 47 65 65 56 75 70 48 48 28 28 28 28 28 75 86 33 73 144 111 230 230 365 177 247 133 70 60 820 141 80 56 47 35 35 33 34 34 38 35 52 80 35 35 31 28 44 104 75 44 31 52 280 505 86 92 63 60 65 895 307 230 299 197 224 380 350 193 219 350 187 114 75 75 70 321 . 466 168 138 133 80 65 56 141 75 117 86 96 92 104 150 158 114 75 86 65 111 48 60 44 48 48 118 118 70 58 60 48 86 73 41 41 60 70 65 52 50 35 34 242 455 118 86 70 73 65 65 60 56 56 42 50 52 118 98 187 118 111 77 67 67 162 125 187 75 48 48 48 42 40 41 34 29 80 70 48 33 28 24 34 60 56 52 65 65 307 118 101 80 197 80 380 118 70 321 114 1,910 1,110 2,720 588 396 380 299 187 177 187 168 280 177 118 108 98 98 80 75 75 60 56 52 50 48 42 33 26 23 18 18 18 19 20 18 15 12 11 11 IS 12 8.6 8.0 8.0 9.5 23 29 31 34 38 98 63 208 133 187 133 104 272 588 104 86 75 65 54 86 86 111 84 75 60 67 2 65 3 60 4 56 65 6 197 7 80 8 247 9 1,250 700 11 242 12 795 13 219 14 219 15 208 267 17 193 122 19 177 162 84 22., 122 23 104 24.... 98 25 77 26 65 27 65 28 86 29 98 30 118 31 70 1 1 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 1,100 second-feet. The table does not include the water in Lihue and Hanamanlu ditches, which divert water above the station. 94 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of South Fork of Wailua River at siphon near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. July August September. October... November. December.. 396 430 350 1,300 1,620 1,300 63.8 87.1 75.2 119 215 205 3,920 5,360 4,470 7,320 12,800 12,600 The period. 46,500 January February. . March April May June July August September. October November. December.. 2,930 895 374 820 895 466 455 187 2,720 280 588 1,250 75 70 47 28 28 56 34 29 24 11 8.0 56 430 261 90.1 123 122 166 85.0 77.1 337 65.5 95.8 206 26,400 14,500 5,540 7,320 7,500 9,880 6,230 4,740 20, 100 4,030 5,700 12,700 The year. 2,930 8.0 171 124,000 Note. — The above figures do not include the water diverted by Lihue and Hanamaulu ditches above the station on the river. SOUTH FORK OF WAILUA RIVER ABOVE WAIEHU FALLS, NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. A gaging station was established on South Fork of Wailua River, about half a mile above Waiehu Falls, December 10, 1911. This station is about 3 miles below the old station at the siphon, and about 5 miles north of Lihue. Gage heights are obtained by means of a Friez clock register in- stalled on the right bank. A cable, with car, is used for making measurements. The river is straight under the cable and has a jBne section. At low water the channel is wide, and the current rather sluggish. The ex- treme range of stage is probably 9 or 10 feet. The discharge at this station shows the amount of water going over Waiehu Falls and down to sea, except such as may be used for rice irrigation in the lower valley. Discharge measurements of South Fork of Wailua River above Waiehu Falls, near Lihue, Kauai, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Dec. 18 W. V. Hardy Feet. 80 Sq.ft. 175 Feet. 4.10 Sec.-ft. 203 Note.— Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 95 Daily gage height, infect, of South Fork of Wailua River above Waiehu Falls, near Lihue, Kauai, for 1911. [Gus. Schilling, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 10 4.15 5.8 6.2 5.85 4.15 4.1 4.6 4.0 IS 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.85 3.85 3.75 3.65 3.65 26 3.65 11 19 27 3.65 12 20 28 3.7 13 21 29 3.9 14 22 30 4.3 15 23 31 3.85 16 24. 17 25 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Wailua River at Waiehu Falls, near Lihue, Kauai, for 1911. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 10 220 870 1,050 890 220 203 390 171 18 171 171 142 128 128 102 79 79 26 79 11 19 27 79 12 20 28 90 13 21 29 142 14 22 30 273 15 23 31 128 16 24 17 25 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined. LIHUE DITCH NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. Lihue ditch diverts water from the south side of Waiahi Stream, one of the branches of South Fork of Wailua River, at elevation somewhat less than 600 feet. About 1| miles below the intake it unites with Kanaha ditch which brings water from North Fork across South Fork in an inverted siphon, and the larger Lihue ditch con- tinues southward as a high-level ditch for the upper cane lands of the Lihue Plantation Co. •A gaging station was established on Lihue ditch July 1, 1910, about 200 feet above the junction with Kanaha ditch and near the Kauai Electric Co.'s trail. It is below the gate that regulates the outflow to Hanamaulu ditch at a lower level, and only a few hundred feet above the station on the river. The equipment consists of a staff gage on the right bank. Meas- urements are made by wading. This station, in connection with the Hanamaulu station, shows the quantity of water taken from the South Fork above the station on the river. 96 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Discharge measurements of Lihue ditch near Lihue, Kauai, in 1910. Date, Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. heignt. Dis- charge. Jnly 18 Aug. 29 Sept. 30 A. G. Schnack Feet. 6.0 5.5 5.1 Sq.ft. 8.4 8.2 7.8 Feet. 1.50 1.44 1.50 Sec.-ft. 10.6 do , 9.0 Martin and Pierce 9.0 Note. — An additional measurement made early in 1912 was nsed in determining the rating. Measure- ments made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Lihue ditch near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. [Mori, observer.] Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 L2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1910. 16 1.4 1.4 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 "i'-h' 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 2 17 1.4 3 18 1.4 4 19 1.4 5 20 1.4 6 21 1.3 7 22 1.3 8 23 1.5 9 ... 24 1.5 10 25 1.1 11 26 1.1 12 27 1.1 13 28 1.1 14 29 1.4 15 30 1.2 31 1.4 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.35 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 .7 0.40 .40 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.45 LS 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 3 4 "i.'45' 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 18 19 20 21 22 23 .7 .7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 '".'95" .75 .40 .40 .40 0.4 24 .4 25 .4 26 .4 27 .7 28 .7 29 7 30 31 1 .4 ISLAND OF KAUAI. 97 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lihue ditch near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.4 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 9.6 9.8 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 10 10 in 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8.1 9.6 8.8 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 9.6 1910. 16 9.6 9.6 9.2 9.6 9.8 10 11 10 11 10 10 10 9.8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8.8 10 9.6 10 9.6 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 10 10 10 9.6 8.1 8.1 "s.'s' 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.6 8.8 8.8 8.1 8.1 9 6 2 .. 17 9.6 3 18 9.6 4 . 19 9.6 5 20 9.6 6 21 8.8 7 22 8.8 8 .. . 23 10 9 24 10 10 25 7.4 11 26 7.4 12 27 7.4 13 28 .. 7.4 14 29 9.6 30 8.1 31. . 9 6 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 9.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 7.4 5.2 4.0 4.0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8.1 10 10 10 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 9.6 8.8 9.6 10 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.8 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10 11 11 "'s.'i' 8.1 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 2 3 4 ""9."8' 10 9.6 10 10 10 10 8.1 8.1 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.4 9.6 9.6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 6 7 8 . ... 9 10 11 12 13... 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 5.2 5.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 "'e.'s' 5.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 24 4.0 25...: 4.0 26 4.0 27 5.2 28 5.2 29 5.2 30 31 9.6 Note.— Daily c Ditch dry on day 74323° ilscharg s for wl — WSI e comp lich no '318- uted trc disohar -13 — m a rat ge is giv -7 ingcur en. ve fairlj r weUd efined l )etween 6 and 12 secon d-feet. 98 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge ofLihtte ditch near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofi (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. July August September October November 1-2 and 20-30. December 9.6 8.1 8.1 7.4 9.82 9.78 8.76 8.50 552 607 584 601 226 523 The period . 3,090 1911. January 1-13 and 23-31 . . February 1-15 and 24-2S. March 1-2 and 14-31 April 4r-30 May June July 1-20 August 31 September 1-21 October 17-31 November 1-27 December 23-29 9.2 8.1 10 10 11 10 10 9.6 11 10 11 5.2 5.2 4.0 4.0 6.2 8.1 9.6 8.8 9.6 9.6 8.1 8.8 4.0 7.89 7.09 7.20 9.02 9.6 10.1 7.59 10.4 4.23 344 282 285 483 612 588 384 19 421 285 559 58 The period . 11 4.0 9.04 4,320 Note. — Figures of minimum and mean discharges are only for days when ditch was carrying water. The ditch was dry daring the periods Nov. 3-19, 1910: Jan. 14-22, Feb. 16-23, Mar. 3-13, Apr. 1-3, July 21 to Aug. 30, Sept. 22 to Oct. 16, Nov. 28 to Dec. 22, and Dec. 30-31, 1911. HANAMAULU DITCH NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. Hanamaulu ditch takes water from the south side of the South Fork of Wailua River at the junction of the main branches at about 500 feet elevation. About half a mile below the intake water may be turned into it from the Lihue ditch at a higher level. This ditch supplies cane lands of the Lihue Plantation Co. A gaging station was established on this ditch July 1, 1910, about half a mile below the intake and below the inflow from Lihue ditch. The old station was in the open ditch above the tunnel under the power line of the Kauai Electric Co., about 500 feet above the station on the river. In the summer of 1911, the station was moved to the flume about 100 feet farther upstream. The gage is fastened to the left side of the flume, 18 feet from the upper end. This station, in connection with the station on Lihue ditch, shows the quantity of water taken from the South Fork above the station on the river. Discharge measurements of Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue, Kauai, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. July 18 A, Ci. RnhTin/'.V Feet. 6.4 6.0 5.4 6.0 Sq.ft. 16.1 14.6 13.6 8.5 Feet. 2.52 2.44 2.62 61.65 Sec.-ft. 49.7 Aug. 29 do 41.1 Sept. 30 1911. Sept. 30a Martin and Pierce 45.6 W. v. Hardy 22.2 « New gage established Sept. 30, 1911. This gage is about 100 feet above old gage. * Old gage height was 1.81. Note. — Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used tn determining the rating. Measnre- ments made at various sections. ISLAND OF KAUAI. 99 Daily gage height, in feet, of Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue, Kaiuii,/or 1910-11. [Mori, observer.] Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.45 2.35 2.35 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.55 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.65 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 ■■■■• 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1910 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 "i'.l' 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 2 2 7 2.2 8 2.3 9 2.3 10 2.1 11 1.2 12 ... 1 2 13 1.2 14 2.7 15. 1.2 1.7 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.85 1.85 1.85 1 85 1.85 1.50 1.30 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 1.8 1.8 • 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.35 2.4 2.4 2.35 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.45 2.4 2.4 '2,4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.35 2.35 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 2 3 .75 4 .75 .75 6 .85 7 .85 .85 9 .85 10 .85 11 .85 12 .85 13 .85 14 .85 15 .85 16 1.1 17 1.1 18 1.1 19 1.1 20 1.1 1.1 22 1.1 23 1.1 24 1.1 25 1.1 26 1.1 27 1.1 28 1.1 29 1.3 1.2 1.1 30 1.1 31 1.1 100 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 40 40 40 42 38 38 43 43 43 43 43 44 43 43 43 46 46 46 48 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 ' 46 46 46 46 46 46 43 43 43 43 46 46 46 14 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1910. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 43 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 43 46 46 46 46 46 49 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 49 46 46 46 46 46 46 49 49 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 "ii" 14 14 14 14 14 16 14 14 18 14 10 2 3 34 10 10 4 ... 10 5 10 6 34 34 8 ... 37 9 37 10 31 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 49 15 10 20 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 37 37 37 37 37 49 43 43 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 46 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 49 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 49 46 46 46 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 46 46 49 49 55 49 46 46 46 46 46 49 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 49 49 37 37 37 40 37 37 40 40 40 46 .46 46 40 40 40 38 40 40 38 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 42 40 40 40 40 43 46 43 40 46 43 43 40 40 43 46 10 10 ""12 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 27 27 27 27 27 27 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 39 39 39 39 39 42 39 39 39 39 39 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 44 44 42 42 24 24 15 13 13 13 13 13 13 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 2 3 5 6 4 5.6 5 5 6 6 6 9 7 6.9 8 6 9 9 6.9 10 .... 6 9 11 6 9 12 6 9 13 6 9 14 6 9 15 6.9 16 17 18 19 . . . 20 21 22 .. 23 24 25 26 27 . . 28 29.. 30 31 Note. — Daily discharge computed from two fairly well defined rating curves, covering the periods July 1, 1910, to Sept. 30, 1911, and Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1911, respectively. Ditch dry on days for which no discharge is given. ISLAND OP KAXTAI. 101 Monthly discharge of Hanamaulu ditch near Lihue, Kauai, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. July August September October 1-28 November 2 and 20-30 December 1910. 43.6 46.2 46.0 45.8 16.2 15.7 2,680 2,840 2,740 2,550 385 965 The period. 12, 200 1911. January Febniary March . .". April May June July August September 1-23 and 29-30 .. October November December 1 and 3-31 8 10 11 12 46 46 23 23 10 19 5.6 5.6 10.3 10.9 14.3 37.8 47.5 48.9 45.6 36.7 36.9 30 5 28.9 8.91 633 G05 879 2,250 2,920 2,910 2,800 2,260 1,830 1,880 1,720 531 The period . 55 5.6 29.8 21,200 Note.— Minimum and mean discharges are only for days when ditch was carrying water. dry during the periods Oct. 29 to Nov. 1 and Nov. 3-19, 1910; Sept. 24-28 and Dec. 2, 1911. The ditch was NORTH FORK OF WAILUA RIVER NEAR LIHUE, KAUAI. A gaging station was established on North Fork of Wailua River just below the junction of the main branches about half a mile below the power line of the Kauai Electric Co., August 1, 1910. The station is about a mile below the intake of Kanaha ditch, which diverts water from the south side. This station was destroyed by flood October 28, 1910. The station on North Fork was reestablished December 28, 1910, about 100 feet below the old station. Gage heights are obtained by means of a Friez clock register on the right bank. Measurements are made from a wire suspension bridge. The stream is 30 feet wide at low water and has an extreme range of stage of 10 to 12 feet. (See fig. 2.) This station is just inside the Forest Reserve fence, about 2 miles above Kaholalele Falls, and 8 or 9 miles northwest of Lihue. 102 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. 1^ +-> ' Estimated; no place for measurement. c Conditions unfavorable for accurate measurement. d Sti'eam is made up by a series of springs below pumping stations in Waipahu Gulch. Below the point of measurement many other springs enter, so that the flow at Waipahu railroad station is probably 20 second-feet or more. Miscellaneous measurements of wells around Pearl Harbor in 1911. Date. Well. Size (inches). No.o LocaUty. Dis- charge. Aug. 29 Sept. 13 Aug. 29 29 171 173 173 174 174 175 198 198 197 W9 199(7) 200 200 203 204 205 204 205 206 208 Sec-ft. 0.48 McCandless Just below road in Waimalu Gulch. do 61.09 .do 1.70 10 10 8(?) 10 10 8 8 8(?) Just north of the road in Waimalu Gulch. do c. 53 Dec. 19 do 1.05 19 Kitchen Chinese camp 200 feet above road in Waimalu Gulch. Below Government road and above Waiau Pond, do .33 Aug. 31 Dec. 19 Waiau 2.30 do 1.95 19 19 Aug. 31 31 Waiau rice mill Yong See How do Above Waiau rice mill and west of Waian Pond. 150 feet below railroad and J mile east of Pearl City, .do L76 .25 .73 Pearl City mill 600 feet east of Pearl City 4.61 Sept. 13 Aug. 31 31 do do . . 4.30 do About i mile below Pearl City above rice mill and west of railroad. Rice mill } mile below Pearl City Below rice mill i mile below Pearl City . . Rice mill \ mile below Pearl City Under clump of coconut trees | mile south of Pearl City. On ppninsiila helow Pearl City 1.65 do 10 d.lO 31 do 1.47 Dee. 20 8 .81 20 do 1.31 20 Waterhouse 6 10 10 8 *. 15 19 Stng Chong 150 'feet west of Waiawa stream and above railroad near Pearl City. Edge of cane field i mile east of Waipahu mill. i mile east of Waipahu mill (/) g.l4 21 Plantation 21 Pump 231 232 6.77 21 WeU i mile back of slaughterhouse, Waipahu. . <.20 a Refers to map made under the direction of Marston Campbell, Superintendent of Public Works. 6 Pressure 22.15 feet, c Valve not full open. * Capacity about 3 second-feet; pressure 11.04 feet. « Estimated. Well without valve, poorly capped. Water brackish. / No place for measurement; water not used, but allowed to flow to Waiawa stream. g Valve broken, water brackish. * Flowing water for rice; sUghtly brackish, plantation pump attached. i Estimated. ISLAND OF OAHU. 191 Miscellaneous measurements of wells around Pearl Harbor in 1911 — Continued. Date. WeU. Size (Inches). No. Locality. Dis- charge. Dec 21 10 12 12 10 10 10(?) 10 233 234 235 227 228 229 273 272 Slaughterhouse, Waipahu Sec.-ft. oQ.SO 21 Southeast Waipahu mill 1.41 21 E ast side of road below Waipahu mill Southeast of Waipahu raihoad station . . do 3.19 22 Ay Yin 1 6.05 22 Ay Yin 2 0.31 22 Ay YinS do d.7S 22 J mile west of Waipahu railroad station and 100 feet mauka of railroad. Opposite red-roofed church west of Wai- pahu. Hoaeae 2.94 27 .67 27 .75 26 Honouliuli 279 280 282 2S281 200 feet east of windmill west of Honou- UuU. i mile west of Honouliuli railroad station, i mile east of pumping station at Honou- UuU. } mile back of Sing Chong well 3.53 26 Windmill 8 .79 26 2.76 26 10 10 10(?) «2.80 26 .do J^orthwest HonouliuU near pumping sta- tion. Old Korean camp, Waialua ... .. /1. 23 June 14 Well .84 14 Flume Belowpump 9, W^aialua ffl.7 14 12(?) Near Hauula 1.41 a Estimated; no place for measurement; valve stuck. b Estimated; well capped; water sUghtly braclrish. c WeU without valve; plugged when not used for irrigating cane. d Water used for irrigatiug cane. < Estimated; no place to measure. / Without valves; flows into stream when not used for flooding rice. S Float measurement. WELL SECTIONS. Section of well No. 4, Beretania Street pumping station. Depth. Black sand , Bowlders Punchbowl rock (red) Bowlders Punchbowl rock (red) Coral Clay Coral (dark) Clay and gravel Clay and coral , Sand and gravel Blue rock Red water rock Blue rock Bed rock Blue rock Note.— Well was sunk in March, 1910; 12-inch casing extends to a depth of 487 feet. 192 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. Section of T. R. Foster's well near Nuuanu and School Streets, Nuuanu. Depth. Soil Black sand Bowlders Lava Clay Bowlders Clay Bowlders Clay Coral Clay and gravel . . . Dark clay Clay and bowlders Lava or bedrock . . Feet. 14 54 70 82 102 110 410 450 560 600 740 767 Section of the King's well No. 2, at Kalihi. [Waikiki of Wilcox's.] Depth. Soil Clay and bowlders Coral Lava Clay Coral Clay Lava Clay Lava or bedrock . . Feet. 4 10 12 38 188 208 328 332 382 600 Section of Honolulu 'plantation well No. 5 in field N'o. 16, at new Puuloa Cam.p, Aiea. Thick- ness. Depth. Feet. Feet. 245 245 45 290 30 320 10 330 35 365 20 385 55 440 55 495 20 515 35 550 65 615 80 695 10 705 25 730 27 757 10 767 30 797 3 800 Coral Brown clay Coral Clay Coral Clay Coral Clay Coral Clay White clay Clay , Gray rock Blue clay , Brown lava Clay Red lava Hard blue lava Note.— Casing extends to a depth of 520 feet. ISLAND OF OAHU. Section of Laie well in Koolau. 193 Soil Coral Clay Bowlders Clay Bowlders Clay Lava or bedrock TMck- ness. Feet. 4 4 20 4 12 154 Depth. Feet. 4 8 28 32 44 50 146 300 SUMMARIES OF PUMPED WATER. WATER PTTMPED BY HONOLULIT PLANTATION CO. AT AIEA, OAHTJ. The following summary has been compiled by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Honolulu Plantation Co. The measurements were obtained by means of pump displacement. Monthly summary of water pumped by the Honolulu Plantation Co. at Aiea, Oahu, for 1911. Montli. Quantity pumped daily. Million gallons. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Second-feet. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Total quantity pumped. Million gallons. Acre- feet. January , Februiry March April May June July August September October November • December The year 11.7 39.0 36.9 50.2 68.6 71.3 74.1 74.8 73.9 73.6 72.3 66.2 1.4 1.4 3.5 18.3 28.0 47.6 15.6 51.8 30.1 16.9 16.7 1.3 7.3 10.5 13.3 39.5 53.3 61.4 64.1 70.1 69.6 65.3 66.0 29.4 18 60 57 78 106 110 116 116 114 114 112 102 2.2 2.2 5.4 28 43 74 24 80 47 26 26 2.0 11 16 21 61 82 95 99 108 92 101 102 46 226 293 411 1,180 1,650 1,840 1,990 2,170 1,790 2,020 1,980 912 74.8 1.3 45.0 2.0 69.5 16,500 694 900 1,260 3,620 5,060 5,650 6,110 6,660 5,600 6,200 6,080 2,800 50,600 WATER PUMPED BY OAHU SUGAR CO. AT WAIPAHU, OAHU. The following summary has been compiled by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Oahu Sugar Co. The figures include only the water raised by eight steam pumps, the average head being 420 feet. Other pumps on which no record is kept are estimated at about 10 million gallons daily. The maximum pump- ing capacity of the plant is 82 milhon gallons daily. There are 37 storage reservoirs. The measurements were obtained by means of pump displacement. 74323°— wsp 318—13- -13 194 WATEK RESOUKCES OF HAW AH. Monthly summary of water pumped by Oahu Sugar Co. at Waipahu, Oahu,for 1910-11. [For eight steam pumps only.] Month. Million gallons. Acre- feet. 1910. January. . . February. March April Api Ma; lay Jime July August September . October November. December. . The year. 1911. January... February. March April May. June July August September. October November. December. . The year. 18, 100 905 3,900 6,020 5,650 6,080 5,650 5,960 6,080 3,850 6,040 4,390 5,440 19, 500 59,900 199 611 470 1,440 546 1,680 1,250 3,840 1,960 6,020 1,960 6,020 1,940 5,960 2,030 6,230 1,950 5,990 2,010 6,170 1,900 5.840 1,850 5,680 55,500 WATER PTTMPED BY EWA PLANTATION CO. AT EWA MILL, OAHTJ. The following summary has been compiled by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Ewa Plantation Co. The measurements were obtained by means of pump displacement. ISLAND OF OAHU. 195 Monthly summary of water pumped by Ewa Plantation Co. at Eiva Mill, Oahu, for 1910-11. Month. 1910 January February March April May •June July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year Quantity pumped daily. Million gallons. Maxi- mum. 75.9 98.7 83.1 82.3 83.2 83.3 82.3 83.3 81.6 81.6 83.4 80.6 47.0 64.0 66.5 76.4 80.1 82.9 84.8 84.8 86.8 84.2 84.0 91.1 91.1 Mini- mum. 1.0 51.7 58.3 63.0 71.4 35.4 35.2 68.9 6.3 76.2 6.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.8 37.8 60.9 30.5 43.3 79.3 35.4 10.8 5.5 1.5 1.0 Mean. 34.0 67.1 71.4 75.8 78.8 75.5 74.1 79.5 46.9 80.1 53.0 63.5 7.1 27.4 45.2 59.9 73.0 74.3 79.9 83.3 80.5 74.4 74.1 60.6 61.6 Second-feet. Maxi- mum. 117 153 129 127 129 129 127 129 126 126 129 125 153 103 118 124 128 131 131 134 130 130 141 Mini- mum. 1.5 110 55 54 107 9.8 118 9.3 9.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 9.0 58 94 47 67 123 55 17 8.5 2.3 1.5 Mean. 53 104 110 117 122 117 115 123 73 124 82 103 11 42 70 93 113 115 124 129 125 115 115 94 95.5 Total quantity pumped. Million gallons. 1,060 1,880 2,210 2,270 2,440 2,260 2,300 2,460 1,410 2,490 1,590 1,970 24,300 219 767 1,400 1,800 2,260 2,230 2,480 2,580 2,420 2,310 2,220 1,880 22, 600 Acre- feet. 3,250 5,770 6,780 6,970 7,490 7,980 7,060 7,550 4,330 7,640 4,880 6,040 75,700 674 2,360 4,300 5,530 6,940 6,840 7,620 7,920 7,430 7,090 6,820 5,770 69,300 WATER PTTMPED BY WAIALTTA AGRICTJLTTJRAL CO. The followiiig summary has been compiled from the daily pump reports of the Waialua Agricultural Co., showing the amount pumped by each of the 13 pumps as measured by displacement. The com- pilation has not been checked and therefore may be slightly in error. 196 WATER RESOUECES OF HAW AH. Monthly summary of water pumped by Waialua Agricultural Co., Waialua, Oahu, for 1910-11. Quantity pumped daily. Total quantity pumped. Month. Million g^ons. Second-feet. Million gallons. Acre- feet. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Maxi- mum. Mini- muni. Mean. 1910. 0.34 13.9 30.1 31.2 39.2 26.6 45.7 46.5 46.5 32.9 7.9 8.6 0.53 21.5 46.6 48.4 60.8 41.2 70.7 72.0 72.0 51.0 12.1 13.3 10.7 389 933 937 1,220 798 1,420 1,440 1,390 1,020 236 268 32.8 1,190 2,860 2,880 ■ 3 740 March June 2,450 July 4,350 4,430 4,280 3,140 November 724 823 The year 27.5 42.7 10, 100. 30,900 1911. January ., S.9 12.2 2.7 38.1 45.0 46.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 56.0 46.0 35.0 .40 .21 .20 .21 28.0 29.0 10 40 8.3 8.7 1.1 .63 .93 2.8 .78 21.4 38.8 42.1 49.1 52.6 46.2 43.1 29.5 12.4 14 19 4.2 69 70 71 96 96 96' 87 71 54 .62 .33 .31 .33 43 45 16 62 13 13 1.7 .98 1.4 4.3 1.2 33 60 65 76 81 71 67 46 19 28.7 77.2 24.1 642 1,200 1,260 1,520 1,630 1,390 1,340 886 384 88.2 2,370 March 74 1,970 3,690 3,870 May July 4,670 5,010 August 4,270 October 4,110 272 1,180 The year 62.0 .20 28.3 96 .31 43.7 10,400 34,000.0 ISLAND OF MOLOKAI. GEISTERAL FEATURES. The island of Molokai lies between Oahu on the northwest and Maui on the southeast. It is nearly 40 miles long, east and west, and 6 to 9 miles wide. It is the fifth in size, having an area of 261 square miles. Its population in 1910 was 1,791, about half of whom were at the Kalaupapa settlement, on the northern coast. The north side of Molokai is very rugged, especiaUy along the eastern haK. It consists of vertical cliffs 1,000 to 4,000 feet in height, which are cut by alcove vaUeys inaccessible except from the sea. The largest of these valleys are Pelekunu and WaUau, which reach half way through the island. Waikolu and Halawa are other deep gulches on the north and east side of the island, respectively. The highest point on Molokai (elevation 4,958 feet) is at the south end of the ridge between Pelekunu and Wailau vaUeys. The scenery along the northeast side of Molokai is said to be the wildest in tiie group. ISLAND OF MAUI. 197 WATER RESOURCES. Practically all the streams on the island are on the northeast side. There is considerable water in some of the streams, but it is in short, deep canyons at a comparatively low elevation. The water is used for irrigating taro in Pelekunu and WaUau valleys. The Survey has made no recent investigations on Molokai. Several years ago, however, a detailed report ^ on the water resources of the island was made by Waldemar Lindgren. ISLAND OF MAUI. GENERAL FEATURES. The Maui group consists of the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe. They are situated about halfway between Oahu on the northwest and Hawaii to the southeast. Maui is nearest to Hawaii, being separated from it by Alenuihaha Channel, 26 miles in width. Pailolo Channel, 8 miles wide, separates Maui from Molokai on the northwest. On the west Maui is separated from Lanai by Auau Channel, width 7 miles, and from Kahoolawe by Alalakeiki Channel, width, 6 miles. The distance from Honolulu to Lahaina, the nearest landing on Maui, is 72 miles. Maui has an area of 728 square miles and is the second largest island in the group. Its greatest length is about 47 miles from northwest to southeast. The greatest width across East Maui is about 25 miles, and the least width across the isthmus is 6 or 7 miles . Maui is a doublet — that is, it originally consisted of two distinct islands which were later united. West Maui is elliptical in shape, the main axis lying in a northwest-southeast direction. Its length is about 16 miles and its width about 11 miles. Roughly, East Maui forms an isosceles triangle with a base about 25 miles long l3ang in a north and south position, and with legs about 30 miles long extending southeastward and northeastward to the apex at the east end of the island. (See PI. XIV, at end of volume.) West Maui is much the older of the two Maui mountains. It is about the same age as Kauai, West Oahu, and Kohala mountains. No trace of the original big crater that must have formed West Maui seems to exist. Erosion has produced some picturesque valleys and canyons that are probably ursurpassed anywhere else in the group. The most notable of these is lao VaUey (PI. VIII, A), on the windward side, with its broad amphitheater at the head 4,000 feet below the summit of Puu Kukui overlooking it. Waihee, Olowalu, Waikapu, and llonokahau are other canyons that have 1 Lindgren, Waldemar, Water resoiirces of Molokai. Water-Supply Paper U. S. Gteol. Survey No. 77, 1903. 198 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAU. eaten their way to the center of the mountain. From the summit, at an elevation of 5,790 feet, many sharp ridges that have been worn almost to knife edges radiate in nearly every direction, forming the upper watersheds for the various streams that originate there. East Maui is one of the younger mountains of the group. Its crater, Haleakala, at the summit, 10,000 feet above sea level, is the largest extinct crater in the world, and is as well preserved as if its fires were extinguished but yesterday. The crater is 20 miles in circumference and 2,000 feet deep, and contains many cinder cones, some of which rise 700 feet above its floor. There are two great gaps in the rim of the crater, Koolau at the north and Kaupo at the southeast, through which later lava flows poured into the sea at Keanae and Kaupo, respectively. Although there seems to be no record of the date, it is probable that the last flow took place through the Kaupo Gap only a few hundred years ago. From the rim of the crater the slope is uniform in all directions, being steepest on the south. Erosion has not yet produced any of the knife-edge ridges and deep gorges that are so numerous on West Maui. Keanae Valley, on the northeastern slope, is the most promi- nent topographic feature, but it probably originated in a faulting rupture. Honomanu Gulch attains the proportions of a canyon for a short distance back from the sea, and next to Keanae is the most prominent of the East Maui gulches. Halehaku and Maliko are also long deep gulches on the northern slope of East Maui. The western and southern slopes are practically devoid of deep gulches. All the permanent streams are on the northeastern and southeastern slopes. The shore line of Maui is fairly regular, there being no prominent points or capes. Cliffs exist on the northeastern coast, but they are are not very high. Maalaea, on the south side of the isthmus, is the largest bay. Hana is a smaU bay at the east end. The only harbor is Kahului, on the north side of the isthmus. Considerable coral exists along the west coast of West Maui and around Kahului Harbor on the north coast. The rainfall varies greatly in different parts of Maui. On the west and south coasts it ranges from 20 to 30 inches annually and semiarid conditions prevail. On the northeast coast the rainfall is heavy, ranging from 100 to 300 inches or more on East Maui and from 150 to 200 or 300 inches in the mountains of West Maui. The forest cover is confined almost entirely to the northeastern slope of East Maui and the higher mountains of West Maui. Very little vegetation exists on the western and southern slopes of West Maui except at the higher elevations. Streams are numerous on the northeastern and southeastern slopes of East Maui. The largest and most constant streams, however, are on West Maui. Practically aU the streams are used to irrigate U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 313 PLATE VIII A. THE "NEEDLE," lAO VALLEY, MAUI. B. A RECENT LAVA FLOV/ ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAIL ISLAND OF MAUI. 199 cane and taro. The cane belt is on the western and eastern sides of West Maui, the northwestern and southeastern sides of East Maui, and on the isthnius. Taro is grown in some of the valleys, and a small quantity of rice is also grown. Both taro and rice require irrigation. Good roads exist on central Maui, along the western and southern coasts of West Maui, along the northern coast of East Maui as far as Kailua, and along the southeastern coast. Around the other parts of the island there is only a horse trail. Wailuku is the principal town, and the county seat of Maui County. Lahaina, Kahului, Puunene, and Paia are important places. The streams are described in clockwise order around West Maui, beginning with Waihee at the northeast, and in east-to-west order along the ditch systems of East Maui. WEST MAUI. WAIHEE STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Waihee basin lies on the northeast slope of West Maui south of Kahakuloa and north of Waiehu. It is about 6 miles long and 1 to 2 miles wide and comprises an area of approximately 10 square miles. The basin is deep and narrow, the upper part being closed in by almost vertical walls which separate it from Honokahau on the west and lao at the south. The almost incessant rainfall on the northeastern slopes of Eke and Puu Kukui gives a large run-off from a comparatively small drainage area. Numerous tributaries enter the main stream from both sides, and several tunnels have also been driven which develop additional water. The Waihee canal and Spreckels ditch divert water from the south side of the stream for irrigating cane, and several native auwais ^ take water at lower elevations for irrigating taro. Gaging stations have been established on the main stream at the intake of Waihee canal, and on Waihee canal and Spreckels ditch. WAIHEE STREAM AT DAM NEAR WAIHEE, MAUI. A station was established on Waihee stream November 17, 1910. This station is at the dam which forms the intake of Waihee canal. Records at this point show only the amount of water passing down the main stream after Waihee canal has been supplied. A staif gage on the left wall is used for obtaining gage heights. The discharge at this station, added to that of Waihee canal, gives the total flow of the stream, and also includes the water developed by two tunnels which were driven in 1909 jointly by the WaUuku Sugar Co. and the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. » See glossary, p. 496. 200 WATEK RESOURCES OP HAW AH. Discharge measurements of Waihee Stream at dam near Waihee, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage heiglit. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 29 Pierce and Schulz Feet. Sq.ft. Feet. 0.35 .68 .53 .27 .00 Sec.-ft. 29.9 1911. Jan. 276 Martin and Pierce 43.8 36.4 28.7 42.6 85.1 Mar. 28c C. H . Pierce 61.5 Aug. 22 Nov. 27 J. B. Stewart a 18.0 do d.05 o Discharge is the dlflEerence between the result of the measurement of stream above intake of Waihee Canal and of the canal below intake. f> Measurement by wading on crest of dam. e Measurement above intake of Waihee Canal. The intake gates were closed during measurement and no water was being diverted by Waihee Canal. i Discharge estimated. Daily gage height, in feet, of Waihee Stream at dam near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. [Joaquin Santos, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1.. 1910. 1.55 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.45 1.0 1.0 1.0 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 0.9 .8 .8 .7 .45 .0 .0 .0 .25 .25 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 0.0 .0 .05 .3 .0 .0 .3 .6 1.3 .95 0.45 2 .7 3 .5 4 1.1 5 .8 6 . . .. .8 7 0.3 .25 .10 .15 .75 8 .4 9 .4 10 . . .75 .8 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 0.8 .8 .35 .5 .8 1.3 1.25 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 .0 .6 .6 .8 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.25 1.2 1.2 .7 1.3 .8 .4 .4 0.4 .7 .5 1.1 .5 1.05 .5 .6 1.25 1.55 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .2 1.35 .5 .5 .9 0.8 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .8 .8 .55 .7 .85 1.0 .9 .95 .6 .6 1.25 .3 .8 .6 .4 0.4 .6 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.95 1.85 1.8 1.0 .9 .5 .5 .5 0.4 1.0 .4 .6 .6 .6 .7 .4 3.1 1.8 .8 .8 .8 1.3 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.6 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .6 .6 .4 .8 .8 .8 .6 .8 .8 .4 .4 .8 .8 .7 0.4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .8 .8 .8 .4 .4 .6 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 .95 .6 .5 .6 .55 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 0.5 .6 .6 .7 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8 .7 .8 .8 .85 .8 .8 .9 .9 1.15 .8 .8 .8 .6 .4 .4 .4 ,4 .4 .4 1.25 .75 .5 0.5 .5 .5 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .4 .8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .8 .8 .8 1.5 2.2 1.4 4.4 .95 1.0 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.1 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .65 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .35 .3 .4 .4 0.4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .1 .1 .0 1.05 .25 .1 .3 .3 .3 .3 .55 .8 .8 .8 .7 .8 .8 .85 .8 .8 0.2 2 .2 3 .2 4 .2 5 .2 6 .2 7 .1 8 .1 9 .0 10 .0 11 .0 12 .05 13 .15 14 .10 15 1.0 16 .8 17 .4 18 .55 19 .5 20 .1 21 22 .0 .25 23 .1 24 .1 25 .1 26 .1 27 .1 28 .3 29 .3 30 .6 31 .» ISLAND OF MAUI. 201 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waihee Stream at dam near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1910. 275 360 385 385 263 360 252 151 151 151 11 130 110 110 90 44 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 17 21 0.0 0.0 2.3 22 0.0 0.0 22 71 217 140 44 1 12 22 90 2 13 23 53 3 14 24 173 4 15 25 110 5 16 26 110 6 17 22 17 4.6 8.3 27 100 7 18 28 36 8 19 29 36 9 20 30 100 10 31 110 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 110 no 29 53 110 217 200 195 195 217 217 217 71 71 71 110 263 173 173 173 173 173 173 206 195 195 90 217 110 36 36 36 90 53 173 53 162 53 71 206 275 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 12 228 53 53 130 110 53 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 36 22 22 22 22 22* 22 110 110 62 90 120 151 130 140 71 71 206 22 110 71 36 36 71 36 36 36 22 22 36 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 110 287 311 360 360 360 372 348 335 151 130 53 53 53 36 151 36 71 71 71 90 36 660 335 110 110 110 217 151 151 110 110 110 110 110 151 151 151 151 151 151 130 195 263 217 71 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 151 151 151 195 151 110 110 110 71 71 36 110 110 110 71 110 110 36 36 110 110 90 36 36 36 36 36 110 110 110 36 36 71 110 110 151 151 140 71 53 71 62 71 71 71 53 53 S3 53 53 53 53 S3 53 71 71 90 110 110 110 130 110 90 110 110 120 110 110 130 130 184 110 110 110 71 36 36 36 36 36 36 206 100 S3 53 53 53 90 90 90 71 71 36 no 130 110 110 90 71 71 110 110 110 263 435 240 985 140 151 173 151 110 263 385 287 173 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 80 36 36 36 22 22 22 22 36 36 29 22 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 22 22 4.6 4.6 90 162 17 4.6 22 22 22 22 62 110 110 110 90 110 110 120 110 110 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 6 12 7 4.6 8 4.6 9 0.0 10 0.0 11 0.0 12 ., 2.3 13 8.3 14 4.6 15 4.6 16 110 17 36 18 62 19 S3 20 4.6 21 0.0 22 17 23 4.6 24 4.6 25 4.6 26 4.6 27 4.6 28 22 22 30 71 130 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 100 second-feet. 202 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Waihee Stream at dam near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 217 0.0 37.6 1,040 385 0.0 136 8,360 263 29 148 9,100 275 12 83.5 4,640 206 22 64 3,940 372 22 125 7,440 660 36 144 8,850 195 36 105 6,250 151 36 71.3 4,380 206 36 94.4 5,800 985 36 164 9,760 287 22 51.3 3,190 162 4.6 58.2 3,460 130 0.0 21.0 1,290 985 0.0 94.6 68,100 Accu- racy. 1910, November 17-30 December 1911, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year Note. — These estimates do not include the water diverted by Waihee CanaL WAIHEE CANAL NEAB WAIHEE, MAITI. Waihee canal diverts water from the south side of Waihee Stream at elevation 650 feet. A station was established on this canal November 17, 1910, at a point about 2^ miles above Waihee and about 1 mile below the intake. It is 20 feet above the chute through which water is at certain times turned from Waihee canal to Spreckels ditch. Gage heights are obtained from a staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, which is placed on the mauka or right side of the ditch. The ditch at this place has a fairly smooth concrete lining and regular cross section. The discharge at this station added to that of the station on Waihee Stream at the dam gives the total discharge of Waihee Stream. Discharge measurements of Waihee canal near Waihee, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of action. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 29 Pierce and Schulz Feet. 5.5 5.5 5.35 5.6 5.7 Sq.ft. 10.8 11.8 14.4 14.6 14.3 Feet. 1.95 2.13 2.15 2.15 2.10 Sec.-ft. 42.3 1911. Jan. 27 52.1 Aug. 26 J. B. Stewart 56.4 Nov. 27 do 57.7 Dec. 21 do 56.6 Note.— An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating, ments made at various sections. Measure- ISLAND OF MAUI. 203 Daily gage height, in feet, of Waihee canal near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. [Joaquin Santos, observer.) Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1.. 1910. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 .0 .0 11 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 21 1.95 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.95 1.8 2.15 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 .. 12 22 2.55 3 13 23 2.2 4 14 24 2.3 15 25 2.1 6 16 26 2.1 7 17 2.3 2.15 1.9 1.8 27 2.1 S 18 28 2.0 9 19 29 2.0 10 20 30 2.15 31 2.2 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.85 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.95 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.95 1.8 1.8 1.8 l.S 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.2 2.2 .0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 .8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.75 .9 .0 .0 .0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.55 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.55 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.S 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.35 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.55 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.65 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 • 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2 2.2 3 2.2 4 2.2 5 2.1 6 2.1 2.15 8 2.2 9 2.2 10 2.2 11 2.2 12 2.2 13 2.2 14 2.2 15 2.2 16 2.2 17 2.2 18 , 2.2 19 2.2 20 2.05 21 2.1 22 2.2 23 2.1 24 2.1 25 2.1 26 2.05 27 28 2.1 2.2 29 2.25 30 31 2.3 2.3 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waihee canal near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dee. 1910. 1 ;. 49 49 49 49 49 39 39 39 11... 39 39 39 39 42 59 59 59 59 59 21 • 46 39 44 54 46 39 56 54 59 59 59 2 12 22 80 3 13 2i 59 4 14 24 65 5 15 25 54 6..: 16 26 54 7 17 65 56 44 39 27 54 8 18 28 49 9 19 29 49 10 --- 20 30 56 31 59 204 WATEK RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waihee caned near Waihee, Mam, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jrme. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 C9 59 49 59 59 59 59 59 59 69 59 59 59 59 59 59 49 49 59 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 42 54 54 31 31 31 44 44 54 54 54 54 54 54 46 39 39 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 65 46 39 39 39 39 39 44 44 44 49 49 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 56 59 59 31 31 31 31 9 35 35 35 35 35 11 27 27 27 27 27 27 31 31 31 31 31 80 111 65 59 59 59 59 59 49 59 49 54 54 54 44 65 54 54 54 54 54 54 65 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 104 97 90 80 77 90 104 97 97 97 104 90 59 59 59 59 59 71 71 59 71 65 65 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 71 71 59 77 59 71 59 59 65 59 71 59 59 59 71 90 83 90 65 83 83 83 97 97 83 97 97 97 97 49 54 54 59 59 59 71 83 71 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 54 68 59 59 59 59 80 69 59 59 86 83 83 83 83 90 59 71 59 59 49 59 83 49 49 59 71 54 49 49 59 59 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 97 97 83 83 83 71 77 90 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 77 71 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 71 66 59 59 83 77 59 59 59 59 59 59 65 71 59 59 71 65 65 59 71 71 59 2 59 3 59 4 59 5 54 6 54 7 56 8 59 9 59 10 69 11 59 12 59 13 69 14 59 59 59 17 59 18 59 19 59 52 21 54 22 59 23 54 24 54 54 52 27 54 59 29 62 30 65 31 65 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that Is fairly well defined between 40 and 60 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Waihee canal near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimvun. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. November 17-30 December 1911. January February March AprU May June July August September October November December The year 59 65 59 111 104 77 97 90 97 83 111 60.0 48.2 49.0 51.6 43.5 41.1 77.3 63.0 73.7 64.9 83.6 82.4 69.6 57.8 63.2 1,380 2,960 3,010 2,870 2,670 2,450 4,750 3,750 4,530 3,990 4,970 5,070 4,140 3,550 45,800 ISLAND OF MAUI. 205 WAIHEE CANAL AT WEIR NEAR WAILUK0, MAUI. A 14-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions has been placed on Waihee canal about 1,000 feet below the inverted siphon crossing lao Valley and about haK a mile above Wailuku. This weir was built jointly by the Wailuku Sugar Co. and the Hawaiian Com- mercial & Sugar Co. The weir records for 1911 have been furnished by the Wailuku Sugar Co. This weir measures the amount of water used by the Wailuku Sugar Co. on its Waikapu lands from 4 a. m. to 6 p. m. daily. From 6 p. m. to 4 a. m. daily the weir records the total flow of the canal which after passing over the weir is turned into Spreckels ditch for the use of the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waihee canal at weir near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1911. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Not. Dec. 1 51 55 55 55 51 52 53 52 53 55 55 53 51 53 54 54 33 44 45 45 42 42 41 49 45 45 55 52 46 44 45 45 54 53 54 58 53 49 41 35 25 38 49 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 44 45 45 49 35 36 37 36 34 34 36 37 37 49 48 49 53 54 55 57 50 48 « 49 54 54 40 34 12 40 44 47 47 10 44 52 45 44 13 2.5 37 46 46 46 47 46 43 41 41 42 42 10 51 56 56 48 43 34 4 39 52 SO 48 46 44 12 42 56 52 47 48 48 6 42 51 50 47 48 56 61 59 67 58 59 56 57 62 63 57 54 54 69 57 68 60 65 62 60 60 62 63 62 60 64 58 58 60 57 58 58 68 58 60 58 62 60 62 61 59 61 66 63 68 66 67 67 63 60 59 56 60 62 56 .50 56 66 58 61 61 58 56 57 62 60 51 48 54 54 53 61 54 49 46 46 45 46 69 47 58 56 49 52 49 59 46 46 SO 48 55 60 65 53 50 56 57 56 60 64 46 44 46 62 64 62 65 47 53 53 54 53 47 56 56 49 46 66 69 65 57 65 59 53 47 52 49 67 62 62 57 59 63 64 62 69 62 60 63 61 58 51 57 59 61 62 62 62 59 63 60 59 48 41 55 62 63 66 56 54 53 63 54 52 62 58 53 56 66 66 53 56 56 56 62 68 69 58 63 60 61 59 64 72 69 68 62 67 68 71 62 65 68 68 68 65 67 71 67 62 69 2 56 3 68 4 56 5 56 6 65 7 62 8 67 9 59 10 69 11 59 12 60 13 63 14 68 15 69 16 66 17 62 18 69 19 ; 62 20 69 21 69 22 57 23 57 24 62 25 61 26 o 61 27 o 61 28 a 61 29 a 61 30 a 61 31 o 61 a Record missing; discharge estimated. Note.— Daily discharge computed by the Geological Survey from records of head on a 14-foot weir. 206 WATEK RESOUKCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Waihee canal at weir near Wailuku, Maui, for 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Run-off (total in acre-feet). January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 49.2 42.5 40.7 37.7 53.3 59.3 54.5 54.4 57.6 54.7 62.1 60.8 52.3 3,030 2,360 2,500 2,240 3,280 3,530 3,350 3,340 3,430 3,360 3,700 3,740 37, 900 SPRECKELS DITCH NEAR WAIHEE, MATTI. Spreckels ditch diverts water from the south side of Waihee Stream about 3 miles above Waihee at 225 feet lower elevation than the Waihee canal. The station was established on this ditch November 17, 1910, at a point about 50 feet above the chute where water from Waihee canal enters the ditch. A staff gage graduated in tenths of feet on the right, or mauka, side of the ditch is used for obtaining gage heights. The records at this point show the amount of water diverted from Waihee Stream at the second intake downstream. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch near Waihee, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 7 C. H. Pierce Feet. 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.0 11.2 6.2 8.0 Sq.ft. 3.6 4.1 4.0 6.6 8.2 3.5 4.0 Feet. 0.15 .90 .80 1.50 1.00 .19 .25 Sec.-ft. 2 Dec. 29 24 3 1911. Jan. 27 Martin and Pierce 22 6 Mar. 28 C. H. Pierce 58.0 Aug. 26 Nov. 27 J. B . Stewart 31.0 ...do 2 16 Dec. 21 do 3.61 Note. — Measurements made at various sections. ISLAND OF MAUI. 207 Daily gage height, in feet, of Sprechels ditch near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. [Joaquin Santos, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1910. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.25 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 .4 .4 .4 .6 .5 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 0.4 .1 .25 .35 .1 .1 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.65 2 .8 3 .9 4 1.5 5 1.8 6 1.8 7 1.6 .4 .1 .1 1.7 8 1.4 9 1.4 10 1.4 .8 Day. Ja n. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 8 8 65 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 .5 1.4 .9 .9 .9 0.9 i .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .7 .8 .8 1.4 1.4 1.4 .6 .6 1.65 1.7 .8 .6 .8 .8 .95 1.1 1.1 1.1 .7 -.7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1,2 1.8 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .9 .8 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.2 0.8 .8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.95 .6 .6 .9 .9 ■i .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.0 .9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.7 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 .6 .4 .25 .2 1.25 1.2 .6 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 0.2 2 .3 3 .2 4 .2 5 .4 6 .4 7 .6 8 .6 9 .6 10 .7 11 .8 12 .6 13 .8 14 .8 15 .8 16 .8 17 .4 18 .4 19 .6 20 .3 21 .35 22 .6 23 .4 24 .3 25 .05 26 .1 27 .05 28 .0 29 30 .05 .3 31 .8 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sprechels ditch near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1910. 53 53 53 53 44 41 41 41 41 41 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 41 41 41 41 31 7.2 7.2 7.2 14 10 21. 22. 23 1910. 7.2 1.0 3.6 5.8 1.0 1.0 53 65 77 53 16 2 22 3 26 4 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 59 5 77 6 77 7 65 7.2 1.0 1.0 71 8 53 9 53 10 63 22 208 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sprechels ditch near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 22 22 28 22 26 47 22 31 71 77 65 22 47 26 28 77 47 22 31 71 77 65 16 47 26 36 18 53 31 31 71 77 65 22 65 26 36 18 53 41 47 77 77 59 22 77 26 36 18 53 41 22 77 77 59 22 77 31 IS 18 53 41 22 77 83 53 22 77 31 18 18 53 31 22 71 95 41 22 113 22 22 18 53 41 22 71 77 41 22 113 22 18 65 41 41 47 77 77 14 22 77 22 18 65 41 53 71 77 71 7.2 22 47 22 18 31 41 53 71 83 71 3.6 22 47 22 22 53 53 53 77 89 65 2.6 14 47 22 22 S3 53 83 77 89 65 44 14 47 14 22 53 41 89 77 77 65 41 14 47 10 22 53 41 89 77 77 65 14 14 47 10 22 53 41 86 77 77 65 7.2 22 47 10 47 53 63 14 77 77 65 7.2 22 47 10 113 53 63 14 80 80 71 7.2 22 47 18 77 47 41 26 71 71 65 7.2 22 47 22 77 41 41 26 74 149 65 7.2 22 47 22 77 31 41 26 77 125 65 31 22 47 53 77 31 47 26 71 113 65 65 22 47 53 77 31 41 26 65 101 65 47 . 22 10 53 77 22 47 31 65 101 65 53 22 53 14 71 22 47 31 71 113 65 59 22 26 14 77 26 47 26 31 119 65 53 22 26 68 41 22 41 26 31 113 65 53 22 26 71 77 31 41 22 26 125 65 77 22 22 65 63 71 22 65 131 65 77 22 14 53 65 41 22 71 137 65 71 22 22 63 22 71 65 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined below 60 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Sprechels ditch near Waihee, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 1910. November 17-30 77 77 1.0 7.2 24.4 39.7 678 2,440 A. December A. 1911. 22 113 71 113 77 71 89 80 149 95 77 22 14 10 10 18 18 41 14 22 71 65 2.6 .0 20.8 52.4 26.6 46.2 39.3 47.2 38.0 66.4 92.9 69.8 39.9 9.82 1,280 2,910 1,640 2,750 2,420 2,810 2,340 3,470 5,530 4,290 2,370 604 A. B. March A. B. May A. June A. July A. August B. September B. October B. B. December A. The year 149 0.0 44.7 32,400 SPRECKELS DITCH AT WAIALE WEIR, NEAR WAILTTKTT, MATTI. A 16-foot Cippoletti weir has been placed on this ditch just above the point where it empties into the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co.'s reservoir. ISLAND OF MAUI. 209 The water in this ditch is used by the Wailuku Sugar Co. and the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. in equal amounts, exclusive of kuleana ^ water. From 6 p. m. to 4 a. m. daily this weir measures all the water received by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. from West Maui, including all of Spreckles ditch and Waihee canal which joins it a few hundred feet above. In addition to the water in Waihee canal and Spreckels ditch, which comes from Waihee Stream, the water received from South Waiehu Stream and from a small flume and development tunnel from lao Stream passes over this weir. The records for 1910-11 have been furnished by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. Mean daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at Waiale weir, near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 30 42 33 47 30 55 22 27 28 50 20 36 29 40 33 49 69 23 26 28 82 22 30 31 67 46 35 45 25 34 45 68 22 28 30 60 31 47 40 63 76 50 67 23 25 30 64 26 43 57 34 59 26 42 22 17 28 50 25 56 25 32 60 31 42 23 10 18 42 41 76 39 35 48 28 42 30 13 23 37 70 38 37 23 33 23 46 24 23 24 33 41 48 37 20 47 21 45 19 20 26 33 45 44 33 20 37 22 27 31 26 30 32 31 36 32 22 36 22 26 30 35 29 36 27 31 29 36 42 22 26 19 24 20 35 26 28 42 24 74 22 23 20 27 17 35 24 27 24 27 73 23 21 20 18 27 36 25 33 41 77 37 22 21 21 20 :3 36 25 34 25 65 30 27 20 23 15 30 35 62 31 27 73 26 33 20 48 22 28 36 45 34 43 41 27 25 21 27 32 22 57 42 38 24 43 26 25 21 22 29 28 70 48 40 30 29 72 24 23 21 28 22 57 38 25 40 20 81 26 24 24 24 39 45 31 26 34 21 52 35 27 21 30 22 58 42 28 42 22 61 36 25 31 21 30 54 78 27 22 21 50 59 24 43 20 28 56 43 24 22 23 62 32 22 24 20 30 79 51 22 22 39 45 32 22 25 25 34 61 42 23 26 38 45 28 21 40 18 34 65 38 24 20 28 34 38 23 62 26 50 36 23 30 26 31 53 22 81 26 32 32 28 28 38 31 81 20 57 37 36 78 41 30 20 20 51 34 43 43 58 58 40 38 65 40 21 73 32 42 72 81 58 48 47 70 40 24 76 31 40 50 76 51 37 47 75 40 36 76 32 38 37 66 68 43 66 76 39 34 66 36 37 46 72 41 38 46 76 38 37 64 36 34 43 68 50 31 40 66 40 35 66 32 33 59 73 40 32 60 74 37 39 74 33 36 42 63 37 32 54 68 45 34 73 32 39 66 61 50 50 42 45 34 37 54 39 28 68 78 57 40 54 45 36 38 29 28 38 47 65 76 46 84 46 36 39 34 28 41 45 54 69 52 75 44 36 41 37 27 44 80 68 50 72 52 44 67 33 40 25 32 66 67 52 42 37 43 79 21 39 26 28 68 52 54 38 41 46 64 23 36 25 45 62 63 90 58 39 44 39 37 34 31 61 50 58 43 72 51 60 42 30 31 40 70 54 67 38 60 68 45 44 34 36 70 63 55 64 37 71 44 46 39 35 32 61 60 67 64 41 46 80 43 35 Dec. 1910 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 , 30 , 31 , 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 , 8 9 , 10 11 12 , 13 14 , 15 , 16 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 36 37 44 37 27 27 42 38 39 44 60 44 40 33 36 32 28 29 27 41 28 48 58 57 50 36 37 42 33 30 31 31 37 33 32 26 40 26 29 27 26 30 41 28 28 22 17 27 18 74323°— wsp 318—18- -14 210 WATER RESOURCES OP HAWAII. Mean daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckles ditch at Waiale weir, near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 21 36 37 30 34 36 37 41 44 41 38 52 29 28 30 46 38 36 44 40 54 46 41 44 53 46 39 44 40 57 42 68 36 51 28 72 69 70 64 39 57 83 84 74 60 41 47 52 56 61 70 67 70 60 52 52 76 58 50 66 49 40 35 34 38 49 30 32 32 29 30 31 34 33 31 32 46 60 75 42 36 58 74 52 65 72 85 87 62 72 71 78 70 70 45 46 47 45 45 47 43 38 40 40 40 55 57 64 63 39 34 39 92 45 32 20 22 19 23 17 24 19 25 22 2G 21 27 28 29 25 15 24 30 33 31 . 36 Note. — Dally discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Siu-vey from records furnished by the Hawaiian Commerieal & Sugar Co. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at Waiale weir, near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-oflf (total in acre-feet). 1910. January February March April May Jurie July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 82 92 10 24.4 28.0 46.7 39.7 36.3 34.7 33.9 45.2 32.2 31.4 29.5 39.1 35.2 34.6 46.9 38.8 46.9 68.5 63.0 46.3 48.0 58.9 51.1 46.3 26.3 1,500 1,560 2,870 2,360 2,230 2,060 2,080 2,780 1,920 1,930 1,760 2,400 25,400 2,130 2,600 2,390 2,790 3,600 3,750 2,850 2,950 3,500 3,140 2,750 1,650 47.1 34, 100 WAIEHU STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Waiehu basin lies on the eastern slope of West Maui, south of Waihee basin and north of lao basin. It is a short basin wedged in between Waihee and lao, being about 5 miles long and 1 to 2 miles wide. There are two principal branches of the main stream which are called North Waiehu and South Waiehu. Water is diverted from both branches for irrigation through several ditches at various levels. Gaging stations have been established on North and South Waiehu streams, and on the upper North Waiehu ditch. ISLAND OF MAUI. 211 NORTH WAXEHTT STREAM NEAR WAILTTKIT, MATH. A station was established on North Waiehu stream January 31, 1911, about Similes west of Waiehu and about 1 mile above the cross- ing of Waihee canal. A staff gage, graduated to tenths of a foot, is located on the left bank in a slightly inclined position, and is used for obtaining gage heights. The discharge at this point gives the total flow of the stream exclusive of the amount diverted through the upper North Waiehu ditch. Discharge measurements of North Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, Maui, in 1910-11. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gaee height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 15 Dec. 28 1911. Jan. 30a Apr. 1 Aug. 30 Oct. 11 Nov. 28 Deo. 21 C. H. Pierce Pierce and Schulz. do C. H. Pierce.. S. B. Stewart. do do do Feet. 5.3 7.8 7.8 4.2 4.1 2.0 Sq.ft. 2.8 9.0 9.7 2.1 3.0 .76 Feet. 0.45 .65 2.00 1.14 1.33 1.02 1.82 1.38 Sec-ft. 2.22 3.89 2.47 3.96 2.73 7.2 4.62 o Gage reset at different section and datum. Note. — Measurements made at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of North Waiehu Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1911. [Honda, observer.] Day. Jan. Feb. Slar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.3 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.85 1.8 2.05 2.35 1.55 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 2 45 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.85 "i.'e" 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 .6 .6 1.05 .6 0.6 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8 1.9 .8 1.5 1.0 1.95 .85 .8 .85 0.8 1.5 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 1.6 1.6 .9 .9 1.4 1.85 1.0 .9 .9 .8 .8 1.75 .9 .9 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 2.15 1.45 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 .85 1.25 .8 .8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.65 1.3 1.25 1.3 1.35 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.26 1.25 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.3 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.3 1.25 1.5 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.35 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.15 1.15 2.05 1.5 1.25 L2 1.5 1.25 1.35 1.35 1.26 1.3 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.15 1.85 1.8 1.5 2.25 1.3 1.1 1.65 1.1 1.45 1.45 1.7 L35 1.15 1. 15 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.25 1.2 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.2 1.6 1.15 1.15 1.15 2 1.15 3 1.15 4 1.15 5 1.15 6 1.15 7 1.15 8 1.16 9 1.15 10 1.15 11 1.15 12 1.1 13 1.1 14 1.15 15 1.2 16 1.1 17 1.1 18 1.15 19 1.15 20 1.15 21 1.25 22 1.1 23 1.1 24 1.15 25 1.15 26 1.1 27 1.1 28 1.15 29 1.15 30 1.15 31 2.0 1.15 212 WATEE RESOURCES OP HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North WaUhu Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1911. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 4.0 7.6 7.2 7.2 7.9 8.7 7.6 7.2 9.1 12 5.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 12 5.8 4.5 7.2 7.6 a6.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.5 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.5 1.4 1.4 2.9 1.4 2!o 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.0 7.9 ZO 5.1 2.7 8.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 5.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 5.8 5.8 2.3 2.3 4.5 7.6 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 6.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 9.8 4.8 3.1 2.3 5.1 5.1 3.5 5.1 2.2 3.8 2.0 2.0 4.5 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 6.2 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 7.2 5.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 5.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.1 4.5 3.3 3.3 9.1 5.1 3.8 3.5 5.1 3.8 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 4.5 3.3 7.6 7.2 5.1 10 4.0 3.1 6.2 3.1 4.8 4.8 6.5 4.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 5.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 5.8 3.3 3.3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 3 3 9 3 3 10 3 3 11 3.3 12 3.1 13 3 1 14 3.3 15 3.5 16 3.1 17 3.1 18 3 3 19 3.3 20 3.3 21 3.8 22 3.1 23 3 1 24 3.3 25 3.3 26 3.1 27 3.1 28 3 3 29 3.3 30 3.3 31 8.7 3.3 o Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 2 and 10 second-feet. Monthly discharge of North Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. January 31. February.. March A pril May June July Augrust September . October . . . November. December., 12 6.7 8.3 9.8 6.2 7.2 9.1 10 4.5 5.8 3.8 4.0 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.0 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 8.70 6.27 4.49 2.32 3.20 3.92 4.07 3.95 4.54 3.22 3.36 3.27 17.3 348 276 138 197 233 250 243 270 198 200 201 The period a. 12 1.4 3.87 2,570 a For 335 days, Jan. 31 to Dec. 31. NORTH WAIEHU DITCH NEAR WAILUKU, MAUI. North Waiehu ditch diverts water from the north side of North Waiehu Stream about half a mile above the station on the stream. A gaging station was estabUshed on this ditch at a point opposite the station on the stream December 1, 1910. ISLAND OF MAUI. 213 A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the left side of a wooden flume and is used for obtaining gage heights. This station is directly above the station on North Waiehu Stream and so placed that results are not influenced by leakage from the ditch below the gage. To obtain the total flow of North Waiehu Stream, add the discharge at this station to the discharge at the station on the stream. Discharge measurements of North Waiehu ditch near Wailuku, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage heignt. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 15 C. H. Pierce Feet. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Sq.ft.^ 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 Feet. 0.85 .80 .90 .86 .81 .90 Sec.-ft. 3.37 Dec 28 4.12 1911. Apr. 1 Aug. 30 Oct. 11 C. H. Pierce 4.97 J.B.Stewart 4.23 .do 3.22 Nov. 28 do 4.13 Note. — Measurements made in flume at various ssctions. Daily gage height, in feet, of North Waiehu ditch near Wailuku, Maui, iu 1910-11. [Honda, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 0.8 .75 .75 .8 .4 1910. 11 1910. 21 0.8 2 . 12 22 .8 3 13 23 .8 4 14 24 .. .. .8 5 15 25 .8 6 16 0.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 26 .8 7 17 27 .8 8 18 28 .8 9 19 29 .8 10 20 30 .35 31 .35 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Se pt. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 0.35 .35 .6 .6 .6 .65 .65 .65 .6 .6 .65 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 0.9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 0.7 .75 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .75 .« .8 .8 .75 .75 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .8 0.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .65 .65 .65 .65 .7 0.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 0.7 .7 .7 .75 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 8 85 8 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 9 85 8 8 8 8 8 85 8 95 0.7 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .85 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 0.85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 0.85 2 .85 3 .85 4 0.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .65 .65 .65 .65 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 "o.h" .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .55 .55 .85 5 .85 6 .85 7 .85 8 .85 9 .85 10 .85 11 .9 12 .85 13 .85 14 .85 15 .85 16 .85 17 .85 18 .85 19 .85 20 .8 214 WATEE BESOUKCES OF HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feet, of North Waiehu ditch near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 0.6 .6 .6 .7 .65 .6 .3 0.5 .5 .5 .65 .5 i .95 .95 .95 .9 0.7 .7 .75 .7 .7 .7 .75 .75 .7 .7 0.7 .65 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 0.7 .65 .65 .65 .7 .65 .65 .65 .7 .7 0.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 0.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .85 .8 .8 .9 .9 .8 0.95 .9 1.0 .9 .85 .9 .85 .9 .9 .9 0.8 .8 .8 .75 .8 .8 .8 :l .8 .8 0.85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .9 .85 .85 0.85 22 .85 23 .85 24 .85 25 .85 26 .85 27 .85 28 .85 29 .85 30 .85 31 .85 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Waiehu ditch near Waihtku, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 1910. 3.1 2.7 2.7 3.1 .8 11.... 1910. 21... 1910. 3.1 2 12 22 3.1 3 13 23 3.1 4 14 24 3.1 5 15 25 3 1 6 16 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 26 3 1 7 17 27 3.1 8 18 28 3.1 9 19 29 3 1 10 - - 20 30 .6 31 .8 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 0.6 .6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1,7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 .5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 3.1 2,3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 4.1 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.1 4.8 4.8 4.1 5.4 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Note.— DaUy discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. Charge is given the ditch was not carrying water. On days when no dis- ISLAND OP MAUI. 215 Monthly discharge of North Waiehu ditch near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 1910. 3.1 0.6 2.71 113 C. 1911. 2.3 2.3 4.8 4.1 3.1 2.3 3.1 4.1 5.4 3.6 4.1 4.1 .6 .5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.3 3.6 3.1 1.68 1.74 1.73 3.08 2.25 1.90 2.35 2.78 3.72 3.01 3.62 3.60 57 83 93 183 138 113 144 171 221 185 215 221 D. D. March <* D. April C. May c. c. July c. August c. September c. October c. c. December c. 'iod « Thepe 5.4 .5 2.68 1,820 a For 21 days, Dec. 1-5 and 1(5-31. b For 17 days, Jan. 1-17. c For 24 days, Feb. 4-27. d For 27 days. Mar. 5-31. ( For 343 days. SOUTH WAIEHTT STREAM NEAR WAILUKU, MAUI. A gaging station was established on South Waiehu Stream at the intake of the upper ditch about 3 miles northwest of Wailuku Novem- ber 17, 1910. A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the up- stream face of the concrete head gate at the intake. The discharge at this station gives the total flow of the stream. Discharge measurements of South Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 15 C. H. Pierce Feet. 3 3 3 3 Sq.ft. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 Feet. 0.40 0.55 6 1.05 1.20 1.37 1.03 2.27 Sec.-ft. 3.36 Dec. 28 Pierce and Schulz ... .... 5.5 1911. Jan. 3o do 4.35 Apr. 1 Aug. 30 Oct. 11 C.H.Pierce 6.8 J. B. Stewart 7.7 ...do 3 7 1.8 6.2 5.8 Nov. 28'; do 11.6 « New gage installed at difierent location and datum. 6 Old gage height was 0.50. c Measurement by wading in stream above ditch intake; which carries total flow of stream except at high stages. all other measurements in wooden flume 216 WATER KESOUECES OP HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of South Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. [T. Burlem, observer.l Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1.. 1910. 1.0 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .95 11.. 1910. 0.9 .8 .7 :fj .4 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 ! .45 21.. 22.. 23.. 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. 29 . 1910. 0.4 .4 .4 .75 .4 .45 .45 .7 1.0 1.0 0.5 2 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. .5 y .5 4 .55 5 .7 6 16 .7 7 17 0.65 .45 .4 .4 .55 8 18.. 19.. 20.. .5 9 .7 10 30 .8 31.. .75 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.2 1.8 l.G 2.45 1.5 2.3 1.35 1.85 2.4.T 2.95 1.45 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.5 1.85 1.2 2.4 2.35 1.35 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.85 1.45 1.45 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.45 1.30 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.65 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.75 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.8 2.9 1.6 1.8 1.95 3.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 2.2 3.0 2.5 3.75 1.4 1.25 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 3.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 2.5 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 2.05 3.4 1.85 4.0 3.5 2.45 3.0 2.95 1.5 1.45 3.45 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.75 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 \:t 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.3 2.0 3.0 2.05 1.45 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.05 3.2 1.5 1.5 1.25 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.2 2.1 1.35 1.2 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 G 1.2 7 1.2 8 1.2 9 1.2 10... 1.2 11 1.2 12 1.2 13 1.2 14 1.2 15 1.2 16 1.2 17 1.2 IS 1.3 19 1.2 20 1.2 21 1.2 22 1.2 23 1.2 24 1.2 25 1.2 26 1.2 27 1.2 28 1.2 29 1.2 30 1.2 31 1.2 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Waiehu Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11, Day. Nov. Dee. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1.. 1910. 13 9.5 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 11 9.5 7.8 7.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.0 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 3.4 3.4 3.4 8.6 3.4 4.0 4.0 7.8 13 13 4.7 2 4.7 3 4.7 4 5.2 6 7.8 6 7.8 7 7.0 4.0 3.4 3.4 5.2 8 4.7 9 7.8 10 9.5 8.6 ISLAND OF MAUI. 217 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Waiehu Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1910-11— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 a 8.1 07.7 7.3 16 60 IS 8.5 6.2 6.4 7.0 8.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 74 9.0 9.0 - 7.0 6.7 6.2 6.2 11 16 16 16 74 19 7.6 6.7 6.7 12 10 32 9.0 25 7.6 13 32 57 8.5 7.3 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 97 13 6.7 29 27 7.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 13 8.5 8.5 8.0 11 8.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 44 8.0 8.0 6.7 8.5 7.3 8.0 8.0 6.7 6.7 10 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 9.0 16 16 46 11 7.3 6.7 7.3 12 29 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 14 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 120 54 10 12 15 60 7.3 6.7 6.7 7.3 8.0 6.7 6.7 8.0 9.0 7.3 6.7 22 60 34 116 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.3 7.3 6.7 60 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.0 8.0 6.7 6.7 11 8.0 8.0 7.3 6.7 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.0 8.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.3 7.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.7 8.0 11 39 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 12 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 9.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 12 6.7 6.7 34 11 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 11 14 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.0 7.3 18 89 13 135 97 32 60 57 9.0 8.5 93 10 9.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 10 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 12 14 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10 16 12 6.7 2 6.7 3 6.7 4 6.7 5. 6.7 6 6.7 7. 6.7 8 6.7 9 6.7 10 6.7 11 6.7 12 6.7 13 6.7 14 6.7 15 6.7 16 6.7 6.7 18 6.3 19 6.7 20 6.7 21 6.7 22 6.7 33 6.7 24 6.7 25 6.7 26 6.7 27 6.7 28 6.7 29 6.7 30 6.7 6.7 o Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from rating curves fairly well defined between 4 and 8 second-feet. Above 10 second-feet the discharge is obtained by taking sum of flow in ditch and flow over broad crested weir and is only approximate. Monthly discharge of South Waiehu Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. November 17-30 December , 1911. January , February March April May June July August September October November December The year 74 97 44 46 120 60 39 34 135 10 14 7.3 135 3.4 3.4 5.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.3 5.84 8.15 15.0 16.0 9.23 10.1 21.3 9.10 8.11 8.14 25.2 7.01 8.00 6.72 11.9 162 501 922 889 668 601 1,310 541 499 501 1,500 431 476 413 8,650 218 WATEK RESOUKCES OF HAWAII. lAO STREAM BASIN. g-R-KTR T^AT. FEATUBES. lao basin is situated on the eastern slope of West Maui, south of Waiehu basin and north of Waikapu basin. It is a deep basin with almost vertical walls which widen out toward the upper end to form a sort of amphitheater tableland lying about 4,000 feet below the summit of Puu Kukui, the highest point on West Maui. lao Valley is the most striking topographic feature in West Maui, and is fre- quently described as the Yosemite of Maui. (See PL VIII, A.) The basin is 7 or 8 miles long, about 2 miles wide, and has an area of approximately 15 square miles. The upper part is contiguous to Waihee basin on the north, Kahoma, Kauula, and Laniupoko on the west, and Olowalu on the south. The main stream has several tributaries or branches. It derives water also from several development tunnels which have been driven in the upper part of the basin. Water is diverted from lao Stream through several ditches on each side at various levels. Gaging stations have been estabUshed on the main stream above aU diversions and on Maniania ditch, which is the largest diversion from the stream. lAO STREAM TSTEAB. WAILUKU, MATTI. A gaging station was established on lao Stream at a point 2.9 miles above Wailuku, May 7, 1910. The "station is below the two main branches of the stream and above the intake of the highest ditch at an elevation of 810 feet. A Friez weekly clock register is used to obtain gage heights, indi- vidual readings being made by a chain gage attached to the clock register house. Measurements are made from a cable or by wading at low stages. Ordinarily the stream is 25 to 40 feet wide and the total range in stage is 6 or 7 feet. The discharge at this poiat gives the total flow above all diversions. ISLAND OF MAUI. 219 Discharge measurements of lao Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage heignt. Dis- charge. 1910. Oct. 8 Martin and Pierce Ftet. Sq.ft. Feet. 4.25 6 3.02 3.58 3.00 3.04 2.97 2.91 4.40 3.09 4.40 5.30 3.00 3.06 4.35 4.60 3.71 4.22 2.88 2.80 3.10 2.85 3.50 3.00 3.10 2.93 Sec.-ft. a 12 21 C.H.Pierce 25 27 25.5 26.1 26 25 34.5 26 35 36 31.3 31.3 36 36 33.5 35.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 18.5 32.5 34 33 31.5 27.9 43.5 25.6 27.9 24.5 23.3 94 27.5 94 126 51 51 94 104 73 90 73 73 83 61 89 32 39.8 31.1 29.4 22 do 76 27 .do. 24.8 28 do 30.5 31 do 22.8 Nov. 16 . .do 21.2 17 do 183 26 .do 30 28 . . .do 189 29 do .. 429 Dec. 22 .do. 44.3 24 . . .do 45 26 do 247 26 .do 296 30 122 1911. Jan. 4 ...do 192 Mar. 26 31.3 27 .do 31.5 31 49.4 Apr. 12 Aug. 31 Sept. 19 Oct. 9 do 30.5 J. B. Stewart 89 ... .do 53 do 58 Nov. 25 do. , 38.3 o Discharge is the difference between measurement of stream below Culvert Creek and flow of creek which was estimated at 2.5 second-feet. * Weir removed Oct. 20, causing change of section. NoTK.— Measurement of Nov. 17, 1910, and those from Nov. 28, 1910, to Aug. 31, 1911, made at regular section; all others by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of lao Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. [F. Q. Duarte, observer.] Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 1.1 1.85 4.8 4.9 4.85 5.55 5.95 5.6 5.5 4.5 4.55 4.8 4.55 4.55 4.75 5.1 4.95 4.65 4.5 4.4 4.35 4.4 5.75 5.9 4.85 4.6 4.9 5.3 4.75 4.75 4.55 4.50 4.55 ""5.'6" 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.45 "4_4" 4.3 3.95 3.95 3.9 3.9 3.85 3.9 3.9 3.95 3.9 3.85 3.85 3.95 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.1 "ios' 4.95 5.7 4.6 5.75 5.2 4.9 4.75 4.7 4.85 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.95 3.85 3.8 3.8 3.75 3.75 3.0 2.95 3.3 3.35 3.15 3.1 3.1 3.05 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 3.0 2.95 2.95 3.35 3.1 2.95 2.95 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.25 3.2 3.1 3.15 3.05 3.45 3.7 3.15 3.1 3.35 3.7 4.9 4.3 5.0 2 6.25 3 . .. 4.45 4 1.0 1.2 .85 1.1 1.05 .95 .85 1.1 '"4.' 35" 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.45 3.95 5 4.35 6 5.65 7 1.8 1.25 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.0 .9 1.05 .9 1.3 1.05 1.15 1.1 .95 .9 .85 .85 .8 .75 .7 .7 .7 .7 1.25 2.75 4.7 8 3.9 9. 3.55 10 3.4 11 3.25 12 3.15 13 3.1 14 3.0 15. ... 2.95 16 .75 1.2 .9 .75 1.3 1.3 1.15 4.95 4.85 4.8 4.75 4.65 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.45 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.7 "'■i.'is' 4.75 4.6 4.45 4.4 4.8 5.1 2.95 17 2.9 18 2.9 19 2.95 20 2.9 21 2.95 22 3.1 23 2.95 24 3.4 25 3.25 26 4.0 27 3.25 28 2.9 29 3.3 30 3.45 31 3.85 220 WATER RESOURCES OP HAW An. Daily gage height, in feet, of lao Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 3.45 3.25 3.2 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.15 3.5 3.95 3.8 3.7 3.25 3.15 3.15 3.75 3.5 3.7 3.65 3.5 3.3 3.2 4.05 4.1 4.0 4.5 5.4 4.1 3.75 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.55 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.6 5.0 5.6 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.65 3.6 3.6 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 4.05 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.25 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.95 2.95 2.95 3.25 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.8 3.45 3.15 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.85 2.85 2.80 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.75 3.1 3.6 3.95 3.9 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.75 3.4 3.65 3.35 3.8 3.45 3.3 3.35 3.3 3.15 3.25 4.0 4.05 3.55 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.45 3.4 3.3 3.25 3.8 4.45 3.85 3.5 3.35 3.45 3.3 3.15 3.5 3.8 3.55 3.35 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.45 3.9 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.55 3.75 3.6 3.65 3.55 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.35 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.15 3.1 3.5 3.35 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.45 3.55 3.35 3.3 3.35 3.25 3.45 3.35 3.5 3.25 3.2 3.15 3.35 3.2 3.15 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.15 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.15 3.35 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.2 3.15 3.1 3.7 3.85 3.7 3.3 3.2 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.35 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.25 3.2 3.6 3.55 3.3 3.6 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.35 3.35 3.3 3.45 3.7 3.25 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.7 4.2 3.95 4.25 3.95 4.4 3.9 3.55 3.5 3.45 3.35 3.4 3.7 3.25 3.1 3.05 3.0 2.95 2.95 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 "'i's" 2.8 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.0 2.85 3.1 3.7 3.05 2.95 2.9 2 2.8 3 2.8 4 2.8 5 2.8 6 2.9 7 2.95 8 3.2 9 2 9 10 2.85 11 2.8 12 2.8 13 2.85 14 2.85 15 3.3 16 2.95 17 3.0 18 3.2 19 3.3 20 2.95 21 2.9 22 2.85 23 2.8 24 2.8 25 2.75 26 2.7 27 2.95 28 3.0 29 3.0 30 2.95 31 2.85 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of lao Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 47 101 o70 40 53 31 47 43 37 31 47 o42 a 38 a 34 o30 26 53 34 26 59 59 49 100 86 80 74 62 56 80 80 80 o80 a 70 a 70 a60 50 o40 o30 29 24 34 45 24 40 alio 182 138 107 107 68 o68 o60 o50 O40 40 74 56 40 34 80 122 93 86 202 288 212 192 45 50 80 50 50 74 122 100 62 45 34 29 34 402 446 178 128 188 282 157 157 119 110 119 a 120 120 o210 210 188 128 110 102 a 100 94 79 34 34 29 29 24 29 29 34 29 24 24 34 40 94 79 52 50 46 199 388 128 402 257 188 157 147 178 147 94 65 52 65 40 34 24 20 20 16 16 26 24 45 49 35 32 32 29 32 26 26 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 24 24 49 32 24 24 21 21 32 81 42 38 32 35 29 58 81 35 32 49 81 307 166 337 2 772 3 196 4 110 5 176 6 553 7 96 56 73 63 53 40 34 43 34 59 43 49 47 37 34 31 31 29 26 23 23 23 23 56 182 253 8 142 9 94 10 77 11 62 12 54 13 50 14 43 15 40 16 40 17 37 18 37 19 40 20 37 21 40 22 50 23 40 24 77 25 62 26 159 27 62 28 37 29 67 30 83 31 134 o Discharge interpolated. ISLAND OF MAUI. 221 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of lao Stream near Wailuhu, Maui, for 1910-11 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 83 62 58 142 244 127 77 58 54 88 150 127 113 62 54 54 120 88 113 106 88 67 58 168 178 159 269 556 178 120 142 127 296 282 100 142 159 178 296 420 624 296 178 142 113 106 100 100 94 94 94 94 94 94 168 178 221 324 210 142 100 77 43 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 40 40 40 62 40 40 40 40 43 67 37 34 32 32 83 54 43 43 50 37 37 37 34 34 32 32 34 37 32 32 30 50 100 150 142 127 221 142 159 159 199 221 142 120 77 106 72 27 83 67 72 67 54 62 159 168 94 100 88 178 178 127 83 77 67 62 127 256 134 88 72 83 67 54 88 127 94 72 142 221 199 256 142 221 142 142 178 100 142 142 127 94 120 100 106 94 113 127 88 72 67 67 67 67 67 54 50 88 72 77 88 67 100 67 83 94 72 67 72 62 83 72 88 62 58 54 72 58 54 50 50 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 67 67 54 67 58 50 50 54 72 58 67 77 113 67 67 127 159 127 178 77 58 54 50 113 134 113 67 58 199 159 88 72 77 67 88 62 68 100 94 67 100 324 142 88 72 72 67 83 113 72 146 146 163 273 163 118 203 154 214 154 248 146 100 95 90 80 85 118 72 59 55 51 48 48 44 44 44 51 44 43 43 43 o43 043 043 o37 o37 37 35 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 34 34 34 40 34 34 34 34 78 128 58 43 58 43 43 43 58 88 62 62 43 34 50 113 46 40 37 2 32 3 32 4 32 5 32 6 37 7 40 8 58 9 37 10 34 11 32 12 32 13.. 34 U 34 15 67 40 17 43 18 58 19 67 40 21 37 22 34 23 32 24 32 25 30 26 28 27 40 28 43 29 43 30 40 31 34 a Discharge interpolated. Note.— Daily discharge from May 7 to June 22, 1910, obtained by using gage heights as head on 12-foot weir. From June 23 to Aug. 19, 1910, daily discharge is based on three estimates^ and from Aug. 20 to Oct. 19, 1910, on two miscellaneous measurements and two estimates. (See list of miscellaneous measurements.) Beginning Oct. 20 daily discharge is computed from rating curves applicable as follows: Oct. 20 to Dec. 7, 1910, well defined between 25 and 450 second-feet; Dec. 8, 1910, to Sept. 18, 1911, and from Nov. 25, 1911, to Dec. 31, 1911, well defined between 25 and 300 second-feet; Sept. 19, 1911, to Oct. 9, 1911, fairly well denned between 50 and 300 second-feet; Oct. 9 to Nov. 24, 1911, indirect method for shifting channels. Monthly discharge of lao Stream near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofi (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. -31. May 'i June July August September . October . . . November. December. 182 101 138 446 388 402 307 772 48.3 53.8 66.2 137 88.1 78.4 49.6 128 2,400 3,200 4,070 8,420 5,240 4,820 2,950 7,870 The period . 39,000 January February. . . March , April.. May June July August September. October November. December. 1911. 556 624 142 221 256 256 100 199 324 146 128 67 The year . 128 190 48.2 88.6 102 119 64.9 88.7 127 57.2 49.9 39.1 91.1 7,870 10,600 2,960 5,270 6,270 7,080 3,990 5,450 7,560 3,520 2,970 2,400 65,800 222 WATEE RESOUKCES OP HAWAII. HASriAinA DITCH ITEAR WAILtTKTT, MATTI. Maniania ditch diverts water from the north side of lao Stream at a point about 2^ miles above Wailuku and one-fourth mile below the gaging station on the stream. About a mile below the intake this ditch divides, one branch crossing the valley in a pressure pipe for use on the south side of the valley, the other branch remaining on the north side. A gaging station was established in the flume below the road cross- ing and above the point where the ditch divides, November 14, 1910. A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the left side of the flume. The discharge at this point shows the amount of water diverted by the ditch exclusive of kuleana water returned to the stream above the station during certain hours of the day. This ditch is the principal diversion from lao Stream, although several smaller ditches take out water at lower elevations. Discharge measurements of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Oct. 21 C. H. Pierce Feet. 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.30 Sq.ft. 6.06 5.42 5.64 5.20 5.53 5.03 5.78 5.20 5.18 6.27 Feet. 1.80 1.60 1.75 1.60 1.70 1.53 1.68 1.60 1.55 1.90 Sec.-ft. 26.3 21 do 19.0 31 do 20.9 31 do 15.9 Nov. 14 do 19.5 14 .. .do 14 2 26 do 21.1 Dec. 26 do 19.1 1911. Mar. 27 do 21.6 Aug. 31 J. B. Stewart 32.2 Note. — Measurements made in flume below gage. Daily gage height, in feet, of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. [Frank Bestana, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day, Nov. Dec. 1. 1910. 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.40 1.25 1.00 1.50 1.40 11.. 1910. 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.70 1.72 1.68 1.68 1.40 1.70 1.65 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 1.74 1.62 1.72 1.85 1.75 1.71 1.66 1.88 1.60 1.58 1 62 2... 12 1.75 3 13 1 68 4 14 1.53 1.70 1.60 1.90 1.86 1.80 1.61 1.75 5 15 1.52 6... . 16 1.55 7 17 1.75 8. 18 1.75 9 19 1.75 10.. . 20 1.75 1.62 ISLAND OF MAUI. 223 Daily gage height, in feet, of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, Maui, in 1910-11 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10... 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1.20 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.45 1.45 1.52 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.42 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.37 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.55 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.35 1.60 1.60 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.60 1.65 1.66 1.65 1.65 1.62 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.50 1.52 1.52 ^52 1.40 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.60 1.62 1.67 1.67 1.47 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.65 1.72 1.60 1.65 1.61 1.72 1.72 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.56 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.64 1.56 1.54 1.50 1.55 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.68 1.65 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.62 1.70 1.68 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.65 1.70 1.70 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.65 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.58 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.65 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.68 1.65 1.45 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.60 1.48 1.62 1.62 1.65 1.62 1.64 1.62 1.55 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.68 1.6S 1.60 1.55 1.66 1.64 1.64 1.65 1.67 1.67 1.60 1.67 1.55 1.67 1.70 1.-70 1.72 1.55 1.72 1.70 1.69 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.48 1.72 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.75 1.75 1.6T 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.68 1.63 1.66 1.70 1.76 1.72 1.78 1.76 1.68 1.69 1.72 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.78 1.55 1.78 1.77 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.70 1.72 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.76 1.72 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.74 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.74 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.72 1.74 1.81 1.74 1.74 1.78 1.74 1.74 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.74 1.74 1.54 1.20 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.30 1.60 1.60 1.52 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.76 1.72 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.69 1.69 1.64 1.67 1.68 1.82 1.78 1.70 1.75 1.74 1.75 1.72 1.81 1.75 1.71 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.84 1.85 1.84 1.85 1.88 1.88 1.69 1.76 1.76 1.77 1.50 1.74 1.74 1.76 1.82 1.88 1.81 1.42 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 17 17 17 17 17 14 11 7 16 14 1910. 11 . . . 12 13 13 22 23 21 21 14 22 20 1910. 21 . . . 23 18 22 28 24 22 21 32 19 18 19 24 2 12 22 3 13 . . . 23 . . . 21 4... 14 15 19 16 30 27 24 17 24 . . . 24 16 17 5 15 . . . 25 . . . 6 16 . . . 26 . . 7 17 27. . . 24 8 18 . . . 28 24 9... 19... 20 . . , 29. . . 24 24 91 10 30 31 224 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 10 13 16 19 22 14 21 22 26 10 21 11 13 16 16 21 21 19 25 26 10 20 16 16 16 19 23 20 21 23 26 16 20 16 16 16 19 23 15 17 26 26 16 20 17 U 14 18 23 19 21 25 24 12 19 16 17 21 18 22 19 22 21 26 19 21 16 16 19 18 20 20 22 22 26 19 20 10 16 19 17 22 20 23 23 26 16 22 10 16 20 16 22 20 17 26 26 22 21 12 11 21 16 16 19 23 25 24 23 20 15 10 21 17 16 16 22 25 24 24 20 15 10 19 20 16 19 22 26 25 24 19 16 13 19 17 16 19 23 17 24 24 23 16 19 19 17 16 20 23 26 26 25 26 16 19 19 16 16 19 23 25 26 23 26 16 21 19 17 20 20 16 26 26 26 26 14 21 21 23 22 19 22 26 23 26 27 U 21 21 23 22 17 24 26 24 26 26 13 19 15 23 22 21 24 22 27 26 23 13 20 16 22 22 21 23 23 24 23 25 13 20 16 22 18 21 24 26 24 23 26 10 20 16 22 22 21 24 26 26 22 26 13 20 19 19 22 21 19 26 24 22 26 13 19 20 21 22 19 23 26 24 22 27 13 12 23 20 22 17 22 25 25 22 26 13 12 19 21 22 21 22 25 25 22 23 13 12 20 21 22 20 22 23 25 22 26 13 12 19 21 19 20 21 26 24 22 27 10 23 21 20 20 21 26 24 20 29 13 23 19 12 21 . 20 26 17 21 29 13 19 12 21 26 21 Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 .7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Note. — Daily discharge Nov. 14 to Nov. 25, 1910, computed by indirect method for shifting channels. From Nov. 26, 1910, to Dec. 31, 1911, daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 15 and 35 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Maniania ditch near Wailuku, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. November 14-30 December 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 22.1 18.2 13.5 16.0 18.8 19.3 19.8 19.3 21.5 24.5 24.8 20.9 23.7 25.1 20.6 745 1,120 830 889 1,160 1,150 1,220 1,150 1,320 1,510 1,480 1,290 1,410 1,540 14,900 ISLAND OF MAUI. 225 WAIKAPU STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATTTRES. The Waikapu basin is on the southeast slope of West Maui, south of lao basin. It is a narrow, deep basin extending well back into the heart of the mountains and there receives a heavy rainfall. The stream is tributary to Maalaea Bay on the south side of the isthmus, but only storm water ever reaches the sea. Several development tunnels have been driven into the mountain side to increase the water supply. Water is diverted through several ditches at various elevations, the largest of which is the Upper or South Side ditch. Gaging stations have been placed on the main stream and on the upper ditches on each side. WAIKAPXT STREAM NEAR WAIEAPU, HAUL A gaging station was established November 25, 1910, on Waikapu Stream at a point about 2 miles above Waikapu and about 5 miles south of Wailuku. The station is below the intakes of South Side and Palolo ditches. A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened on the right bank about 200 feet below the trail crossing and is used to obtain gage heights. The discharge at this station gives the flow of the stream below the South Side and Palolo ditches. Discharge measurements of Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 25 C. H. Pierce Feet. 4.0 12.0 12.0 13.6 12.5 7.2 2.5 Sq.ft. 3.8 15.4 11.8 28.5 8.2 4.1 .76 Feet. 0.33 1.45 1.20 2.30 0.85 0.65 .37 Sec.-ft. 0.76 Dec. 31 Pierce and Schulz 29.9 1911. do 15.6 28 Martin and Pierce 126 Mar. 31 C. H. Pierce 7.2 Oct. 10 J. B. Stewart .... 3.02 Dec. 1 do .40 Note.— Measurements made by wading at various sections. 74323°— wsp 318—13 15 226 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, of Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tanitsu, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1.. . 1910. 1.40 2.52 1.49 1.49 2.06 2.63 1.62 1.42 1.34 1.32 11.-.. 1910. 1.15 1.18 1.08 1.02 .62 .58 .52 .52 .52 .52 21.... 1910. 0.52 2 12 22 .52 3 13 23 .52 4 14 24 .60 5 15 25 .60 6 16 26 .60 7 17 27 .60 8 . ...-. 18 28 .60 9 19 29 1.05 10 - 20 30 1.08 31 1.75 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 0.95 .72 .72 1.16 1.75 1.06 .97 .85 .72 .88 .82 .72 .72 .72 .65 .62 .95 1.21 1.28 1.22 1.28 1.15 .96 1.21 1.36 1.18 1.25 1.48 1.26 l.OS 1.02 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.21 2.05 1.40 1.18 1.00 .95 .85 .85 .70 .70 .70 .62 .60 .60 .60 1.09 1.28 1.19 1.40 1.21 1.30 .88 .72 .72 .70 .70 .62 .60 .60 .55 .52 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .92 .79 .72 .62 .55 .52 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 1.22 1.02 0.78 .65 .60 .60 .60 .60 .60 .60 .55 .52 .52 .52 .50 .50 .50 .50 .81 .90 .85 .80 1.11 1.15 1.35 1.26 1.22 1.33 1.08 .91 .82 .75 0.65 .65 .72 .65 .65 .65 .65 .65 1.38 1.42 1.10 .94 .87 1.41 1.38 1.29 .90 .80 .80 .75 1.32 1.08 .90 .79 .74 .80 .63 .61 1.00 1.15 1.01 0.80 1.31 1.51 1.20 1.28 1.05 1.19 1.00 1.14 1.49 1.05 .95 1.08 1.14 .91 1.12 1.09 .96 1.10 1.08 1.28 1.04 .91 .78 .94 .78 .70 .91 .75 .68 1.35 .92 .70 .65 .62 .70 .68 .76 .76 1.00 1.62 1.31 1.14 1.14 .90 1.38 .79 .75 .70 .68 .68 .64 .62 .58 .55 .42 .40 .40 .40 .31 .30 0.34 .40 .38 .45 .45 .39 .38 .35 .35 .35 .38 .41 1.21 .60 .41 .45 1.02 .91 1.32 .86 .45 .41 .39 .92 1.25 1.05 .59 .50 1.46 1.22 .74 0.61 .69 .59 .46 .44 .40 .64 .59 .41 .45 1.66 1.18 .62 .48 .60 .45 .46 .99 .58 1.28 .98 1.32 1.95 1.25 1.20 2.20 1.21 1.55 1.16 2.29 1.35 1.00 .71 .70 .52 ..■2 1.32 .84 .72 .65 .62 .54 .52 .51 .48 .48 .49 .45 .41 .38 .38 .44 .35 .34 .34 .38 .34 .34 .32 .32 .31 0.32 .32 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .34 .35 .55 1.11 .44 .48 .30 .30 .32 .31 .50 .51 .68 .34 .30 .30 .36 1.05 .41 .32 0.35 2 .35 3 .35 4 .35 5 .35 6 .38 7 .35 8 .69 9 .44 10 .40 11 .40 12 .40 13 .41 14 .64 15 .51 16 .55 17 .46 18 .55 19 .44 20 .42 21 .40 22 .40 23 .38 24 .41 25 .42 26 .40 27 .40 28 .40 29 .38 30 .40 .38 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 1910. 27 158 32 32 90 175 42 28 24 23 11 .. 1910. 16 17 13 11 2.8 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 21.... 1910. 1.7 2 12 22 . 1.7 3 13 23 1.7 4 14 24 2.5 5 15 25 2.5 6 16 26 2.5 7 17 . . 27 ... 2.5 8 18 28 2.5 9 19 29 12 10 - 20 30 13 31 53 ISLAND OF MAUI. 227 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waikapu Stream, near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11- Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 9.6 4.4 4.4 16 53 13 10 7.0 4.4 7.7 6.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.2 2.8 9.6 18 21 18 21 16 9.9 18 25 17 20 32 20 13 12 12 13 13 13 13 16 13 13 18 89 27 17 11 9.6 7.0 7.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 14 21 18 27 18 22 7.7 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 8.8 5.8 4.4 2.8 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 19 12 5.6 3.2, 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 6.2 8.3 7.2 6.0 14 16 24 20 19 23 13 8.5 6.4 5.0 3.2 3.2 4.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 26 28 14 9.3 7.4 28 26 22 8.3 6.0 6.0 5.0 23 13 8.3 5.8 4.8 6.0 2.8 2.6 11 13 11 6.0 22 33 18 21 13 18 11 15 33 13 9.6 13 16 8.5 15 14 9.9 14 13 21 12 8.5 5.6 9.3 5.6 4.0 8.5 5.0 3.7 24 8.7 4.0 3.2 2.8 4.0 3.7 5.2 5.2 11 42 22 16 16 8.3 26 5.8 5.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 .9 .9 .9 .4 .4 0.6 .9 .8 1.2 1.2 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .8 1.0 18 2.5 1.0 1.2 12 8.5 23 7.2 1.2 1.0 .8 8.8 20 12 2.4 1.5 30 19 4.8 2.6 3.8 2.4 1.3 1.1 .9 3.1 2.4 1.0 1.2 45 17 2.8 1.4 2.5 1.2 1.3 11 2.3 21 11 23 76 20 18 110 18 36 16 124 24 11 4.2 4.0 1.7 1.7 23 6.9 4.4 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 .8 1.1 .6 .6 .6 .8 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 0.5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .6 .6 2.0 14 1.1 1.4 .4 .4 .5 .4 1.5 1.6 3.7 .6 .4 .4 .7 12 1.0 .5 0.6 2 .6 3 4 .6 .6 5 .6 6 .8 7 .6 8 3.8 9 1.1 10 .9 11 .9 12 .9 13 ... 1.0 14 3.1 15 1.6 16 2.0 17 1.3 18 2.0 19 1.1 20 1.0 21 .9 22 .9 23 .8 24 1.0 25 1.0 26 .9 27 .9 28 .9 29 .8 30 .9 31 .8 Note. — Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 40 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Miaimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. December January February March April May June July August September October November December The vear 53 89 22 24 28 33 42 30 124 24 14 3. 2.8 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.6 3.7 .4 .6 .9 .4 .4 .6 25.7 13.7 14.7 4.27 7.12 10.1 13.3 7.72 5.96 19.2 3.43 1.60 1.09 8.46 1,580 842 816 263 424 621 791 475 366 1,140 211 95.2 67.0 6,110 Note.— These estimates do not include water diverted by the South Side and Palolo ditches. 228 WATER EESOURCES OF HAW AH. SOTITH SIDE WAIKAPIT DITCH NEAR WAIKAPTT, MATH. The South Side ditch diverts water from Waikapu Stream above the gaging station on the stream. The station was established November 11, 1910, at a point a short distance above the upper Waikapu reservoir and 5 miles south of Wailuku. A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the right bank and is used to obtain gage heights. Records show the amount of water diverted from the south side of the stream. A part of this water is dropped back into the stream below the gaging station on Waikapu Stream. Discharge measurements of South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. width. Area of section. Gage height. Feet. Sq.ft. Feet. 3.5 2.4 0.65 3.6 2.4 0.60 3.6 2.6 0.65 3.8 3.7 1.02 3.5 3.0 0.90 4.6 3.6 0.85 4.5 3.0 0.72 Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 11 12 17a Deo. 31 1911. Mar. 31 Oct. 10 Dec. 1 C. H. Pierce do do Pierce and Schulz. C. H. Pierce.. J. B. Stewart. do Sec.-ft. 4.81 4.64 5.8 10.4 7.2 5.6 o Gage height probably affected by gate. Note. — Measurements made at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tanitsu, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 . 1910. 0.95 .9 .85 .9 .9 1.0 .8 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 0.6 .6 .7 .8 .7 .65 .65 .65 1.0 .85 0.7 2 .75 3 .7 4 . ...-. .75 .... 0.8 .8 .8 .75 .75 .75 .75 6 .7 7 .7 8 .7 9 .85 10. .9 .9 ISLAND OF MATTL 229 Daily gage height, in feet, of South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. Jxily. Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911 1 2 , 3 4 , 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0.7 .7 .7 .7 .85 .95 .85 .95 0.6 85 0.8 0.8 .85 0.8 .9 .85 0.9 .9 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .9 .9 .9 0.85 .85 85 85 85 0.8 .7 .7 1.05 0.7 .7 .65 .65 .65 .7 .6 .85 .7 .65 .65 .65 .65 .85 .8 .75 .75 .9 .S .7 .7 .7 .65 .6 .65 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1.. 1910. 9.1 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 10 6.7 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21.. 22.. 23.. 1910. 4.5 4.5 5.4 6.7 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 10 7.4 5 4 2 6.0 3 5 4 4 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. 29.. 30.. 31.. 6.0 5 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 6 6 5 4 7. 5.4 8 : 5 4 9 7.4 10 --- 8 2 8.2 230 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Side Waikapu ditch, near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 8.2 7.4 9.1 7.4 7.4 8.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 6.7 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.0 7.4 5.4 5.0 5.0 6.7 ■ 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.7 6.7 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.2 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 6.7 8.2 7.4 5.0 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 9.1 10 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 9.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 7.4 6.7 6.7 8.2 8.2 7.4 8.2 6.7 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.7 7.4 6.7 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 7.4 6.7 7.4 8.2 7.4 8.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 8.2 8.2 6.7 6.7 8.2 8.2 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.4 8.2 6.7 6.7 8.2 8.2 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.2 6.7 5.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 6.7 6.7 8.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 C.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.4 8.2 6.0 5.4 5.4 5,4 5.4 5.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 6.7 6.7 5.4 5.4 11 7.4 6.7 5 4 2 5.4 3 5.0 4 5 5 5.0 6 5 4 7 4 5 8 7.4 9 5 4 10 5.0 11 5.0 12 5 13 5.0 14 7.4 15 6.7 16 6.0 17 6.0 18 8.2 19 6.7 20 5.4 21 5.4 22 5.4 23 5 24 4.5 25 5.0 26 4.5 27 4.5 28 4.5 29 30 4.5 4.5 31 4.5 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 4 and 10 second-feet. The ditch was not carrying water during the period Dec. 8-14, 1910. Monthly discharge of South Side Waikapu ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Month, Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 1910. November 21-30 10 10 4.5 5.4 5.89 6.86 117 326 A. December 1-7 and 15-31 A. 1911. January 9.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 10 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 11 8.2 4.5 4.5 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.4 4.5 6.28 7.04 6.87 6.70 7.15 7.81 7.63 7.27 7.47 6.98 6.37 5.39 386 391 422 399 440 465 469 447 444 429 379 331 A. February A. March A. April A. May A. June . . A. July A. August A. September A. October A. November A. December A, The year 11 4.5 6.91 5,000 ISLAND OF MAUI. 231 PALOLO (EVERETT) DITCH NEAR WAIKAPTT, MATTI. Palolo ditch takes water from the north side of Waikapu Stream at a point about 1 mile below the upper South Side ditch, A gaging station was established on this ditch November 21, 1910, abou.t 200 feet below the intake. A staff gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. The records at this station show the amount of water diverted on the north side above the gaging station on Waikapu Stream. Discharge measurements of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Feet. Sq.ft. Feet. 3.4 2.3 0.94 3.3 2.2 0.93 3.3 2.5 1.03 3.3 2.3 0.98 3.6 2.7 1.00 2.8 0.9 0.55 5.3 4.0 1.05 5.1 3.9 .98 Dis- charge. 1910. Nov. 11 17 Dec. 31 1911. Jan. 5 28 Mar. 31 Oct. 10 Dec. 1 C. H. Pierce do Pierce and Schulz . do Martin and Pierce. C. H. Pierce J. B. Stewart do Sec.ft. 3.84 4.14 5.2 4.37 4.80 1.07 3.58 3.50 Note. — Measurements made at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tanitsu, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1910. 0.95 .95 .84 .85 .91 .85 .80 .66 .58 .60 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 1.08 1.05 .98 .95 .88 .88 .88 .88 .88 .88 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1910. 0.90 .90 .96 .91 .90 .90 .91 .90 .95 .92 0.88 2 .90 3 .90 4 .90 5 .92 6 .92 7 .90 8 .90 9 .91 10..- .92 .99 232 WATEE RESOUBCES OF HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feel, of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 0.92 .92 .90 .92 .94 .92 .92 .90 .82 .88 .82 .82 .82 .82 .82 .82 .90 .48 .95 .95 .95 .95 .94 .92 .88 .80 .82 .91 .86 .82 .95 0.95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 "i.'io" 1.10 1.10 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .92 .92 1.09 1.00 1.00 .99 .96 0.92 .88 .88 1.00 1.00 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02 .98 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .92 1.04 .52 0.52 .90 .88 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .85 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.02 .95 .92 .92 .92 0.92 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 .95 1.05 1.08 1.01 .98 .94 1.00 l.GO 1.00 .96 .94 .94 .95 1.00 1.00 .98 .95 .95 .95 .95 .92 .96 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.00 .99 .98 1.00 .98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .99 1.00 .96 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .99 .98 1.00 .98 1.00 1.02 1.00 .99 .98 .96 1.00 .96 .98 .98 1.00 1.05 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 .96 .95 .95 .96 .99 1.00 1.00 .99 1.00 1.00 1.00 .99 1.00 1.00 1.00 .99 .99 .99 .96 .96 .95 .95 .96 .98 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 .99 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .99 .99 1.09 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.08 1.04 1.08 1.08 1.02 1.00 1.10 1.05 1.14 1.04 1.16 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .98 .98 .95 .95 .94 .95 .95 .95- .95 .95 .95 1.02 1.12 1.05 1.06 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.11 1.00 .99 98 2 .95 3 .95 4 .95 5 .95 6 .95 7 .95 8 1.06 9 1.02 10 1.00 11 .98 12 .98 13 .96 14 1.02 15 1.08 IC 1.08 1 06 18 1.08 19 1.01 20 1 01 21 .98 22 98 23 .95 24 .98 25 99 26 .96 27 .95 28 .95 29 .95 30 .98 .95 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 . 1910. 4.2 4.2 3.2 8.2 3.7 3.2 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 5.8 5.3 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 21. 22.. 23.. 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. 29.. 30.. 31.. 1910. 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 2 3.7 3 3.7 4 3.7 5 3.7 6 3.7 7 3.7 8 3.7 9 3.7 JO 3.7 4-7 ISLAND OF MATJI. 233 Daily discharge, in secand-fefX, of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 2.8 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.7 1.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.7 2.8 2.8 3.7 3.2 2.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 aS.S 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.7 5.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.7 5.2 1.0 1.0 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.2 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.9 5.5 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.7 4.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.8 5.4 3.8 5.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 2 3.0 3 3.0 4 3.0 «^. 3.0 6 3.0 7 3.0 8 3.8 9 3.4 10 3.4 11 3.4 12 3.4 13 3.0 14 3.4 15 4.3 16 4.3 3.8 18 4.3 3.4 20 3.4 21 3.4 22 3.4 23 3.0 24 3.4 25 3.4 26 3.0 27 3.0 28 3.0 29 3.0 30 3.4 31 3.0 o Discharge interpolated. Note.— Daily discharge based on rating curves applicable as follows: Nov. 21, 1910, to Mar. 31, 1911, well defined; Apr. 1 to Oct. 9, 1911, indirect method for shifting channels; Oct. 10 to Dec. 31, 1911, fairly well defined. Monthly discharge of Palolo ditch near Waikapu, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. MftTiypntn Minim um, Mean, Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. November 21-30 December 1911, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 4.2 5.8 4.2 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.5 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.4 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.80 3.52 3.42 4.50 4.24 3.99 4.19 4.18 3.88 3.74 3.72 3.48 3.46 3.35 3.84 75.4 216 210 250 261 237 258 249 239 230 221 214 206 206 2,780 234 WATEK EESOURCES OF HAWAII. UKUMEHAME STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATXTRES. Ukiimeliame basin lies on the southwest slope of West Maui south of Olowalu basin and opposite the upper part of Waikapu on the other side of the island. It is about 1^ miles wide and 4 or 5 miles long. This basin is on the lee side of the island where the rainfall is com- paratively light except in the upper part. Water is diverted through several ditches for irrigation. A gaging station has been established on the main stream above all diversions. XTEUMEHAHE STREAM NEAR OLOWALU, MAUI. A gaging station was established on Ukumehame Stream about 125 feet above the intake of the upper ditch August 14, 1911. A staflp gage, graduated in tenths of feet, is fastened to the left bank and is used for obtaining gage heights. The Olowalu Sugar Co. cooperates in maintaining this station by having its ditchman read the gage. Discharge measurements of Ukumehame Stream near Olowalu, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage lieight. Dis- charge. Aug. 14 Oct. 20 J. B. Stewart Feet. 15.9 13.2 Sq.ft. 14.3 15.4 Feet. 0.70 0.52 Sec.-ft. 9.1 do 8.2 Note. — Measurements made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Ukumehame Stream near Olowalu, Maui, for 1911. [E. Haneburg, observer.] Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.75 .7 .7 .75 .7 .7 .8 .75 .7 .7 1.05 1.0 .9 .75 .7 0.9 .7 .7 .65 .7 .6 .8 .7 .65 .6 .6 .6 .6 .55 .55 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .75 .6 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .75 16 0.7 .8 .8 1.05 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .95 .9 .8 .7 .9 .95 .8 0.7 .7 .85 .8 .95 1.4 .95 .95 .9 .8 1.0 .8 .95 .8 1.0 0.55 .55 .55 .55 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .55 .65 .60 .55 .5 .5 .5 .6 .55 .5 0.6 2 17 .55 3 18 .6 4 19 .6 5 20 .6 6 21 .6 7.. . . ... 22 .5 8 23 .5 9 ... ... 24 .5 10 25 .5 11 26 .5 12 27 .5 13 28 .5 14 0.7 .65 29 .5 15 30 .5 31 .5 ISLAND OF MAUI. 235 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of UTcumehame Stream near Olowalu, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 9.4 9.1 9.1 9.4 9.1 9.1 9.8 9.4 9.1 9.1 12 12 11 9.4 9.1 11 9.1 9.1 8.8 9.1 8.5 9.8 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.5 9.4 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.5 9.4 16 9.1 9.8 9.8 12 9.1 9.8 9.1 9.1 9.1 12 11 9.8 9.1 11 12 9.8 9.1 9.1 10 9.8 12 16 12 12 11 9.8 12 9.8 12 9.8 12 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.1 8 5 2 17 8 3 3 18 8 5 4 19 8 5 5 20 8 5 6 21 S 5 7 22 8 1 8 23 8 1 9 24 8 1 10 25 8 1 11 26 8 1 12 27 8 1 28 8 1 14 9.1 8.8 29 8 1 30 S 1 31 8 1 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. Monthly discharge of Ukumehame River near Olowalu, Maui, Aug. 14 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 12 8.8 9.97 356 16 9.1 10.4 619 11 8.1 8.53 524 9.4 8.1 8.24 490 9.4 8.1 8.24 507 Accu- racy. August 14-31 September.. October November... December... OLOWALU STREAM BASIN. OLOWALU DITCH NO. 1 NEAR OLOWALU, MAUL Olowalu basin lies on the southwest slope of West Maui north of Ukumehame basin and south of upper lao basin. It is about 5 miles long and about l^ miles wide. Two development tunnels have been driven into the sides of the mountain for increasing the water supply. The rainfall is comparatively light except in the upper part of the basin. Water is diverted through several ditches for power and irrigation. A gaging station was established on the upper main ditch, which is called Olowalu ditch No. 1, August 12, 1911. This ditch supplies water for the development of electric power, after which the water is used for irrigation on the lower lands. The station is in the flume a short distance below the power house. Ordinarily this ditch carries the total flow of the stream. The records show the amount of water used to develop power for pumping and lighting. 236 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. Discharge measurements of Olowalu ditch No. 1, near Olowalu, Maui., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage heignt. Dis- charge, Aug. 12 Oct. 20 J. B. Stewart Feet. 3.0 3.0 Sq.ft. 2.4 2.4 Feet. 0.50 0.45 Sec.-ft. 6.5 do 5.5 Note. — Several additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Meas- urements made at various sections. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Olowalu ditch No. 1, near Olowalu, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 13 9.3 9.3 13 9.3 9.3 13 13 9.3 9.3 17 13 17 13 9.3 11 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.0 3.0 6.6 4.5 3.0 3.0 6.6 11 9.3 11 8.0 4.5 5.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 9.3 13 6.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.6 13 6.6 6.6 4.5 4.5 5.6 17 17 16 9.3 9.3 9.3 11 9.3 9.3 6.6 8.0 9.3 13 13 13 9.3 11 17 13 9.3 9.3 17 13 17 13 3.8 13 11 4.5 9.3 8.0 8.0 6.6 9.3 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.6 5.6 15.6 a 6.1 o6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.6 4.5 4.5 11 9.3 9.3 6.6 6.6 9.3 9.3 17 13 9.3 6.6 6.6 15 13 6.6 15 2 17 13 3 18 13 4 19 17 5 20 17 6 21 13 7 22 9.3 8 23 8.0 9 24 6.6 10 25 6.6 11 26 5.6 12 8.0 17 9.3 9.3 27 6.6 13 28 6.6 14 29 6.6 15 30 4.5 31 4.5 o Discharge estimated. Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 15 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Olowalu ditch No. 1, near Olowalu, Maui, for Au^. 12 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. August 12-31 17 17 11 17 17 6.6 3.8 3.0 4.5 4.5 10.7 11.0 6.14 7.68 8.50 424 655 378 457 523 B. Septembffl' B. October B. November B. B. LAUNIUPOKO STREAM BASIN, MAUI. LATTNIUFOKO STBEAU NEAR LAHAIKA, MATTI. Launiupoko basin lies on the western slope of West Maui north of Olowalu, and south of Kauaula basins. It has a length of 4 or 5 miles and is contiguous to lao basin in its upper part. One develop- ment channel has been driven into the mountain side of this basin for increasing the water supply. The rainfall is comparatively hght except in the upper part. Water is diverted for irrigation through Launiupoko ditch. A gaging station was estabhshed on Launiupoko Stream about 175 feet above the Pioneer MiH Co.'s stone flume intake July 25, 1911. ISLAND OF MAUI. 237 A staff gage, graduated into tentlis of feet, is located on the right bank and is used for obtaining gage heights. The station is about 4 miles southeast of Lahaina. The records show the total flow of the stream above all diversions. Discharge measurements of Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge, July 25 Oct. 14 J. B. Stewart Feet. 5.5 4.5 Sq.ft. 1.6 1.3 Feet. 0.50 .50 Sec.-ft. 1 81 do 1 61 Note.— An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. Measure- ments made at various sections. Mean daily discharge, in second-feet, of Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 3.3 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 4.2 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.9 2.9 16 2.1 1.7 1.7 3.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.7 3.8 9.6 3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 6.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2 5 2 17 1.7 3 .. 18 2 1 4 19 1 7 5 20 1.7 6 21 1.7 7 22 1.7 8 23 1.7 9 24 1 7 10 25 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 11 26 1.4 12 27 1.7 13 28 1.7 14 29 1.7 15 30 1.7 31 1.7 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. MovJ,hly discharge of Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for July 25 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. July 25-31. August September October. .. November. December . 1.7 3.8 9.6 2.5 4.2 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.70 1.90 2.71 1.61 1.62 1.72 23.6 117 161 99 96.4 106 KAUAULA STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATTJBES. Kauaula Stream basin is on the west slope of West Maui, opposite lao, north of Launiupoko and south of Lahainaluna basins. It is 5 or 6 miles long and about 2 miles wide. One development tunnel has been driven into the north side of the mountain for increasing the water supply. 238 WATEK KESOURCES OF HAWAII. The rainfall is comparatively light except in the upper part of the basin. Water for irrigation is diverted through several ditches. Gaging stations have been established on the stream and the upper main ditch. KATTATTLA STREAM NEAR LAHAINA, MAUI. A gaging station was established on the main stream October 16, 1911, at a point a short distance above the intake of Piilanu ditch, and also on Kauaula ditch which diverts water above. On account of shifting channel and poor location of gage in the main stream the gage heights are unreliable and can not be used. The headgates of the upper ditch were regulated so as to admit a flow of about 3.1 second-feet into the ditch from October 16 to December 31. Discharge measurements of Kauaula Stream near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911 . Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 28o Aug. \a 03t. 66 J. B. Stewart Feet. 4.2 4.2 Sq.-ft. 3.6 3.7 Feet. 0..3S 0.38 0.10 Sec.-ft. 10 7 do 10 2 do 9 1 a Measurement made in Piilani ditch at intake and represents total flow of stream. f> Discharge obtained from combined flow of New Kauaula ditch and Piilani ditch at their intakes. KATTATJLA WEIRS NOS. 1, 2, AND 3, NEAR LAHAINA, MAUI. During the early part of 1901 the Pioneer Mill Co. established weirs at three points on Kauaula Stream and maintained records for a few weeks. Weir No. 1 was 6 feet in length and was established on the North Fork. Weir No. 2 was 3 feet in length and was established on the South Fork. Weir No. 3 was 6 feet in length and was estab- lished on the main stream about 400 feet above the intake of Piilani ditch. These weirs show the total flow of the North and South forks and main stream, respectively. The records have been furnished by the Pioneer Mill Co. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Fork of Kauaula Stream, at weir No. 1, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.4 4.3 3.6 7.9 3.6 (a) 3.7 (a) 3.7 12 3.6 8.4 Day. Jan. Feb. 11 3.4 3.4 6.2 5.9 4.6 3.9 12 10 5.1 8.4 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Day. Jan. 21 5.3 4.5 6.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.7 4.1 22 23 24 25 26 27 23 29 30 31 Feb, a High water. No readings made. ISLAND OF MAUI. 239 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Kauaula Stream at weir No. 2, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 1.3 .8 .8 1.2 1.6 2.3 (a) \a) 4.2 4.3 11 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.9 1.4 2.1 21 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 2 ' 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 12 22 3 13 23 4 . . . . 14 24 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 17 27 8 18 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 a High water. No readings made. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kauaula Stream at weir No. S, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.9 8.9 (a) (a) 14 12 11 21 2 12 22 3 13 23 4 14 -. 24 5 15 25 6 IG 26 7 17 :.:::;::.... 27.... 8 18 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 4.9 a High water. No readings made. LAHAINALUNA STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Lahainaluna basin lies on the western slope of West Maui north of Kauaula basin and south of Kahoma basin. The basin is very narrow but extends back to the summit of Puu Kukui. Lahainaluna Stream joins Kahoma Stream about 1 mile from the sea. LAHAIKALTJKA STREAU KEAR LAHAIKA, MATTI. A gaging station was established August 5, 1911, on Lahainaluna Stream at a point about 8 feet above the Pioneer Mill Co.'s upper intake and about 25 feet below the overflow from the flume of Lahaina waterworks. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of feet, is used to obtain gage heights. The discharge at this station shows the total flow of the stream exclusive of the amount taken by the Lahaina waterworks flume. 240 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Discharge measurements of Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Aug. 2 Oct 18 J. B. Stewart Feet. 4.0 3.2 Sq.ft. 1.2 1.0 Feet. 0.27 0.19 Sec.-ft. 2 01 do 1 24 Note.— Measurements made in Pioneer Mill Go's ditch which was carrying total flow of stream. Daily gage height, in feet, of Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. [O. Brecht, observer.) Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.24 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .68 .72 .33 .25 1.10 .33 .20 .20 .35 0.26 .21 .71 .53 .40 .27 .46 .34 .22 .20 .24 .28 .19 .18 .18 0.20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .24 .20 .32 .20 .20 .19 .20 .39 .61 .42 0.20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .24 .30 .20 .20 .20 .18 .18 .20 1.50 1.66 16 0.25 .44 .27 1.60 .28 .24 .20 .20 .50 .45 .46 .26 .24 .20 .20 .25 0.20 .29 .20 .38 .95 .90 1.50 .34 .52 .35 .24 .70 .56 74 .28 0.17 .18 .19 .18 .19 .20 .20 .20 .17 .18 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 0.20 .90 .40 .40 .50 .36 .90 .37 .22 .20 .20 .20 .32 .20 .20 0.45 45 2 17 3 18 85 4 19 1 00 5 0.22 .24 .22 .23 .29 .22 .20 .25 .30 .34 .24 20.'. .37 27 6 21 7 22 24 8 23 22 9 24 23 10 25 22 11 26 23 12 27 22 13 28 25 14 29 34 15 30 24 31 Daily discharg e, im econa -M, of La hainal una Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 7.7 8.2 2.8 1.8 15 2.8 1.3 1.3 3.0 1.9 1.4 8.1 5.4 3.6 2.0 4.4 2.9 1.5 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.3 2.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 3.5 6.7 3.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 23 26 16 1.8 4.2 2.0 25 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.3 5.0 4.3 4.4 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.3 2.3 1.3 3.4 12 11 23 2.9 5.3 3.0 1.7 8.0 5.9 8.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 11 3.6 3.6 5.0 3.1 11 3.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.6 1.3 1.3 4 3 2 17 4 7 3 18 10 19 13 5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.9 1.7 20 3 2 6 21 2 22 1 7 8 23 1 5 24 1 6 10 25 1 5 11 26 1 6 12 27 1.5 13 28 1 8 29 2.9 15 30 1 7 31 1 7 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. Above 3 second-feet the estimates are only approximate. Monthly discharge of Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for Aug. 5 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-oft (total in acre-feet). Accu- Masimom. Minimum. Mean. racy. August 5-31 25 23 8.1 11 26 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.01 4.80 1.91 2.79 3.93 161 286 117 166 242 D. September D. October D. November D. D. ISLAND OF MAUI. 241 LAHAINALtTNA WEIRS NOS. 1 AKD 2, TSC&AR LAHAINA, UATTI. The Pioneer Mill Co. established two weirs on the Lahainaluna Stream early in 1901. The upper weir, known as No. 1, was placed about 4 miles above the junction of this stream with Kahoma Stream. The second weir, known as No. 2, was placed about 1^ miles above the junction with Kahoma Stream. Five-foot weirs were used. The records, which were kept for a few weeks only, have been furnished the Geological Survey by the Pioneer Mill Co. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lahainaluna Stream at weir No. 1, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 11 21 6.8 5.7 8.7 5.4 5.2 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 2 12 22 3 13 23 4 14 24 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 17 27 g 18 28. 9 19 5.7 29 10 20 30 31 o High water; no readin?. Ikiily discharge, in second-feet, of Lahainaluna Stream at weir No. 2, near Lahavna, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 8.1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 2 4.2 12 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 3 4 5 6 7 . 8 .. 9 10. . - KAHOMA STREAM BASIN. GEITERAL FEATTTRES. Kahoma basin lies on the western slope of West Maui just north of Lahainaluna basin. Kahoma Stream rises at the summit of Puu Kukui and joins the Lahainaluna Stream about 1 mile from the sea. Two development tunnels have been driven into the side of the mountain for increasing the water supply. Water is diverted for irrigation through Kahoma ditch. 74323°— wsp 318—13 ^16 242 WATEK EESOUKCES OF HAW AH. KAHOMA STREAM NEAR LAHAIKA, MAUI. A gaging station was established on Kahoma Stream below the intake of Kahoma ditch August 17, 1911. The gage is on the left bank about 125 feet above the lower dam. It is read during flood periods only, as the normal flow and water from development tunnels is diverted into Kahoma ditch about 600 feet above. No discharge measurements have been made. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kahoma Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. [E. C. Bortfeld, observer.] Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.35 16 0.6 .6 .3 2.1 1.3 0.5 .95 1.15 0.1 2 17 0.15 .05 .05 .05 .05 .15 .05 .05 .1 3 .05 .25 .55 18 .1 4 19 .1 5 20 1.55 1.1 .4 .85 .7 .4 1.4 .9 .85 1.0 .05 .05 6 0.05 .05 .15 21 7 0.95 1.0 .3 i.6 .35 6." 05' 22 8 23 9 24 ... .05 .05 10 25 11 1.75 1.4 26 12 27 13 0.4 .1 .1 .1 '".'is .1 28 , . .2 14 29 . . i.3 1.3 15 .6 30 Note.— From Aug. 1 to Dec. 31, where no gage heights appear, stream was dry. KAHOMA STREAM AT WEIRS NOS. 1 ASH 2, NEAR LAHAINA, MATH. The Pioneer Mill Co. established two 5-foot weirs on Kahoma Stream in 1901 and kept a record for a few weeks only. The loca- tion of the weirs is not known except that No. 1 is above No. 2. The records have been furnished by the Pioneer MiU Co. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kahoma Stream at weir No. 1, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 4.8 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 13 (0) 17 (0) 4.9 11 6.4 21 3.3 3.2 12 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 4.4 3.5 3.5 2:::: .....1 12 3.2 3.2 8.4 4.4 3.8 12 10 4.1 11 22 3 13 23 4 14 24 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 17 27 8 18 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 a High water. No readings made. ISLAND OF MAUI. 243 Daily discharge in second-feet, of Kahoma Stream at weir No. 2, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. 1 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 13 (a) 17 («) 4.9 11 6.4 21 2 12 22 3 13 23 4 14 24 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 5.2 3.8 3.8 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 ... 17 27 8 18 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 a. High water. No readings mado. KAHOMA DITCH AT WEIR, NEAR LAHAINA, MAUI. A 4-foot weir has been placed in Kahoma ditch just below the intake by the Pioneer Mill Co. This weir measures the flow of the stream at low stages and also the water developed by tunnels. The records for this weir since August 1, 1911, have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Pioneer Mill Co. Discharge measurements of Kahoma ditch at weir, near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 23 Oct. 18 J. B. Stewart Feet. 5.0 4.2 Sq.ft. 2.0 2.5 Feet. 00.45 6 .48 Sec.-ft. 4.75 do 4.45 a Gage height is head over old 4' weir. i> Gage height is head over new 4' weir. Constructed Aug. 1, 1911. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kahoma ditch at weir, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.8 3.8 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.7 6.8 7.5 6.4 5.6 7.8 6.8 4.4 4.0 6.5 6.7 5.1 5.9 7.8 7.3 6.5 8.6 7.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.7 5.3 7.1 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 8.6 8.6 ^.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.4 6.7 8.5 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.9 8.6 8.6 16 9.9 9.9 8.1 10 8.0 6.8 5.3 .5.3 10 10 10 6.7 6.4 10 10 6.4 6.2 7.5 6.8 5.0 7.8 7.5 8.1 8.6 8.1 7.0 9.2 7.8 9.5 8.5 6.7 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.8 8.6 7.8 7.0 6.8 8.1 7.8 7.8 7.1 5.0 4.4 4.3 7.5 4.7 4.4 8.5 2 17 8.5 3 18 8.0 4. . 19 8.5 5 20 6.5 6 21 5.1 7. 22 6.1 8 23 4.7 9 24 4.7 10 25 4.6 11 26 4.6 12 27 4.6 13 2S 5.3 14 29 7.1 15 30 4.8 31 5.3 Note.— Daily discharge computed by the Geological Survey from records of head on 4-foot weir furnished by the Pioneer Mill Co. 244 WATEB BBSOUBCES OP HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Kahoma ditch at weir, near Lahaina, Maui, for Aug. 1 to Dec. 31,1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 10 4.8 6.74 9.S 3.8 6.54 8.6 4.2 5.03 8.6 4.0 5.95 8.6 4.3 5.81 Rmvoff (total in acre-feet). August September October... November December. 414 389 309 354 357 HONOKAWAI STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Honokawai basin lies on the northwestern slope of West Maui. The upper part of the basin touches Kahoma basin at the south and Honokahau basin at the east. The principal tributary is Amalu Stream, which enters from the north below the intake of the power ditch. Two development tunnels have been driven into the side of the mountain for increasing the water supply. Water is diverted from the south side for power development, after which it is used for irrigation. HONOKAWAI STREAM ITEAR LAHAINA, UATH. A gaging station was established on Honokawai Stream at the in- take of the power ditch about 3 miles above the power house, August 1, 1911. The gage is on the right side of the stream about 15 feet below the lower development tunnel and about 400 feet above Amalu Stream. The discharge at this point gives the total flow of the stream, in- cluding the water from two development tunnels. Discharge measurements of Honokawai Stream near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911. Data. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. height. Dis- charge. Feet. July 26 Oct. 17» J. B. Stewart. do Sq.ft Feet. 0.79 1.05 Sec.-ft. o7.3 10.2 o Discharge at gage was determined by measuring two tunnels which develop water above gage. 6 Measurement in Honokawai ditch, which was diverting total flow of stream. ISLAND OF MAUI. 245 Daily gage height, in feet, of Honokawai Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. [E. C. Bortfeld, observer.] Day. Aog. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Ang. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dtec. 1 0.86 1.10 .88 .76 .85 .74 .72 .75 .98 .88 .74 .72 1.12 .98 .76 0.72 .72 .72 .95 .78 .76 1.30 1.30 .98 .88 1.68 1.05 .76 .74 1.10 0.94 .78 1.00 1.20 1.12 1.11 .90 1.06 .82 .75 .72 .72 .72 .72 .72 0.70 .70 .70 .70 .72 .78 .72 1.00 .76 .74 .74 .72 1.45 1.65 1.08 0.70 .70 .68 .69 .70 .95 .88 1.65 .75 .70 .76 .75 .82 1.55 1.60 16 1.28 1.42 1.20 1.60 .84 .74 .71 .72 1.36 1.40 1.20 .76 .74 .74 1.50 .76 0.80 .90 .90 .78 1.88 1.08 1.15 1.68 1.22 .91 1.22 1.58 1.20 .92 1.25 0.72 .98 .75 .72 .72 .74 .71 .70 .70 .70 .70 .70 .70 .70 .70 .70 0.71 1.45 .96 .95 .80 1.32 1.02 1.10 1.12 .75 .70 .70 1.18 .78 .70 i.06 2 17 1.12 3 18 1.30 4 19 1.55 5 20 .80 6 21 .80 7 22 75 8 23 .70 9 24 70 10 25 .70 11 26 .70 12 27 .70 13 .... 28 .70 14 29 .90 15 30 .76 31 78 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokawai Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 7.9 11 8.1 7.0 7.8 6.8 6.6 6.9 9.2 8.1 6.8 6.6 11 9.2 7.0 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.9 7.2 7.0 14 14 9.2 8.1 22 10 7.0 6.8 11 8.8 7.2 9.6 12 11 11 8.4 10 7.5 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.6 7.2- 6.6 9.6 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.6 17 21 11 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.4 8.9 8.1 21 6.9 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.5 19 18 16 14 16 12 18 7.7 6.8 6.5 6.6 15 16 12 7.0 6.8 6.8 18 7.0 .7.3 8.4 8.4 7.2 26 11 12 20 12 8.5 12 20 12 8.6 13 6.6 9.2 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 17 9.0 8.9 7.3 14 9.8 11 11 6.9 6.4 6.4 12 7.2 6.4 10 2 17 11 3 18 14 4 .. . 19 19 5 20 7.3 6 21 7.3 7 22 6 9 8 23 6 4 9 24 6.4 10 .... 25 6 4 11 26 6 4 12 27 6.4 13 28 7.2 14 29 8 4 15 30 6.9 31 7 2 Note. — Daily discliarge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined between 6 and 12 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Honokawai Stream near Lahaina, Maui, for Aug. 1 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 18 26 12 21 21 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.2 9.56 11.0 7.49 9.05 8.98 588 655 461 539 652 c c B c c HONOKAWAI STREAM AT WEIR NO. 1, NEAR LAHAINA, MAITI. The Pioneer Mill Co. installed a small weir on the main stream above all diversions in December, 1901. The record, which was kept only a few weeks, has been furnished the Geological Survey by the Pioneer Mill Co. 246 WATER EESOUECES OF HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second feet, of Honohawai Stream at weir No. 1, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1901. Day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jan. Feb. 5.5 7.1 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.1 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.4 9.5 5.4 (») 5.4 (.") 5.4 7.1 6.0 11 Day. Jan. Feb. 11 5.7 5.4 10 10 6.4 5.6 10 9.0 6.1 9.2 9.4 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Day. Jan. 21 6.3 6.0 8.8 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.2 7.6 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30... 31 Feb. 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 o High water. No readings. Note.— Daily discharge computed by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Pioneer Mill Co. HONOLUA STREAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATXTHES. Honolua basin lies on the northwestern slope of West Maui. The basin extends well back toward the summit of Puu Kukui, its upper part lying between Honokawai basin at the west and Honokahau at the east. Water is diverted into Honokahau ditch at 700 feet ele- vation. HONOLUA STREAM NEAR HONOKAHAIT, HAUL A gaging station was established on Honolua Stream below the intake of Honolua ditch August 7, 1911. The gage is fastened to one of the piers of the Honokahau ditch bridge, which crosses the stream about one-fourth of a mile below the intake of Honolua ditch. The gage is for flood readings only. No discharge measure- ments have been made. Daily gage height, in feet, of Honolua Stream near Honokahau, Maui, for 1911. [R. C. Searle, jr., observer.) Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.1 .35 .2 .2 16 1.0 1.15 .65 .9 2 17 0.4 1.2 .65 1.55 1.25 .9 1.6 1.0 .25 1.7 1.15 1.35 .55 1.7 3 18 4 19 0.8 5 20 6 .35 .95 .4 21 7 1.3 22 0.6 .4 .2 8 1.2 23 9 24 10 .7 1.45 .9 25 .4 .5 11 26 27 12 0.5 .8 13 1.2 1.1 .25 '"".3 ' .8 28 1.1 14 29 1.4 1.75 15 30 31 Note. — From Aug. 7 to Dec. 31, where no gage heights appear, stream was dry. ISLAND OF MAUI. HOKOLUA DITCH NEAR HONOEAHATT. MAUI. 247 A staff gage was set in a flume of the Honolua ditch, about 150 feet below the intake, August 7, 1911. The gage is on the left side of the flume, which crosses the Honolua Stream. Only one discharge measurement has been made at this place. Discharge measurements of Honolua ditch near Honokahau, Maui, in 1911, Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Aug. 7 J B Stewart Feet. 4.0 Sq.ft. 2.0 Feet. 0.49 Sec.-ft. 2.30 Daily gage height, infect, of Honolua ditch near Honokahau, Maui, for 1911. [R. C. Searle, jr., observer.] Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.56 .55 56 .79 .64 .52 .66 .90 .69 .70 .85 .85 .72 .62 .56 0.80 .85 .90 .90 .88 .88 .90 .90 .83 .76 .68 .62 .61 .60 .58 0.42 .42 .42 .40 .40 .42 .40 .60 .50 .46 .44 .42 .66 .88 1.25 0.47 .43 .40 .40 .45 .60 .50 .80 .64 .45 .44 .42 .59 .73 .78 16 0.88 1.08 .86 1.02 .71 .56 .49 .46 .65 .87 .82 .55 .52 .72 .98 .67 0.73 .90 .62 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .90 .80 0.58 .66 .62 .57 .54 .53 .53 .51 .50 .50 .50 .48 .46 .44 .43 .42 0.53 .74 .56 .49 .48 .80 .80 .85 .87 .86 .45 .43 .90 .78 .55 0.73 2 17.... .80 3 18 .81 4 19 .90 5 20 .66 6 21 .54 7 0.48 .46 .57 .64 .51 .78 .84 .72 .54 22 .50 8 23 .46 9 24 .45 10 25 .48 11 .... 26 .43 12 27 .42 13 28 .58 14 29 .74 15 30 .50 31 .50 HONOKAHAU STEEAM BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Honokahau basin, which lies on the northern slope of West Maui, is from 1 to 1^ miles wide and about 9 miles long, reaching back to the summit of Puu Kukui, where it adjoins Waihee basin at the east, lao basin at the south, and Honokawai basin at the west. The rainfall at elevation 806 feet averages about 145 inches. In the upper part of the basin the rainfall is probably very heavy. Water is diverted at elevation 806 feet into Honokahau ditch for cane irrigation and through smaller ditches in the lower part of the basin for taro irrigation. HONOKAHAU STREAM ITEAR HONOKAHAU, MAUI. A gaging station was established on Honokahau Stream at the intake of Honokahau ditch August 13, 1911, The gage is fastened to the end of the diversion dam on the left side of the stream, its zero being 1.07 feet below the crest of the dam. This gage is used for flood readings only. 24(8 WATEB KESOUBOES OF HAWAH. The dam has been used as a weir for computing the flow from the gage heights on the dam. The discharge does not include the water taken by Honokahau ditch. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokahau Stream near Honohahau, Maui, for 1911. Day. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. 1 0.0 .0 11 20 .0 .0 20 44 16 38 187 16 .0 .0 7.4 0.0 .0 .0 .0 11 .0 .0 38 3.8 .0 .0 .0 116 116 95 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 11 16 26 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.9 68 69 16 406 239 76 162 44 76 59 • 187 59 3.8 95 116 59 127 116 44 138 86 59 267 68 106 44 267 26 44 3.8 .0 7.4 16 138 11 31 .0 .0 138 44 3.8 .0 3.8 2 17 3 8 3 18 16 4 19 52 6 20 .0 6 21 1.9 7 22 .0 8 23 .0 9 24 .0 10 25 .0 11 26 .0 12 27 20 13 31 69 76 28 38 14 29 3.8 15 30 7.4 31 .0 Note. — Daily discharge computed from weir formula. No discharge measurements have been made at this station. No record was obtained for the month of October. Monthly disdwrge of Honokahau Stream near Honokahau, Maui, for Aug. IS to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Ma-rlTn nm \finimnTn, Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. August 13-31. September November December 406 267 138 68 0.0 .0 .0 .0 77.6 65.2 28.1 10.6 2,920 3,880 1,670 652 Note, — Record for month of October missing. HOBrOKAHATJ DITCH AT INTAKE, ITEAR HONOKAHAir, MAXn. Gage height records on Honokahau ditch just below the intake have been kept by the Honolua Ranch Co. since the opening of the ditch early in 1907. CuTrent-meter measurements have been made for rating the section. Daily gage heights from February 3, 1907, up to the end of 1911, have been furnished the Geological Survey by the Honolua Ranch Co. The discharge at this station shows the total quantity of water taken from Honokahau Stream. Discharge measurements of Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width ■^'■^^ °^ '^^^^'^- section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 18 Martin and Stewart. Feet. 7.8 Sq. feet. 17.0 Inches. 30 Sec.-ft. 34.9 Note.— In the early part of 1912 additional measurements were made at this station from which a well defined rating curve was obtained. ISLAND OF MAUI. 249 Dcdly discharge, in second-feet, of Honohahau ditch at intake, near Honohahau, Maui, for 1907-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907. 1 29 28 43 43 43 33 40 39 33 27 27 27 25 25 34 43 38 31 35 39 43 42 39 33 31 43 37 35 29 41 31 22 22 23 22 33 25 22 22 22 20 20 20 20 31 27 39 23 22 31 24 22 21 20 21 20 22 22 20 20 20 19 29 27 31 33 33 37 35 37 29 35 38 43 33 29 39 32 27 25 34 43 31 27 26 31 37 36 27 25 30 27 20 22 23 25 27 28 31 37 34 35 43 43 34 33 43 26 23 27 26 32 45 22 19 20 19 19 18 19 23 31 25 25 25 23 23 3S 25 27 34 41 33 27 25 31 24 23 26 23 34 23 22 22 23 22 22 22 22 21 31 35 27 20 18 19 35 23 31 37 39 27 25 21 43 25 31 33 24 31 21 35 20 31 33 39 35 34 25 35 23 35 23 22 22 22 21 43 27 39 43 36 30 43 39 36 24 41 35 43 27 33 27 22 22 32 22 31 35 28 33 37 37 31 29 20 20 18 29 33 31 23 20 22 33 22 20 22 43 29 22 33 43 29 39 36 43 43 35 35 25 20 18 23 36 43 39 23 26 25 24 22 36 33 23 32 23 29 22 23 21 33 36 33 43 43 27 43 43 37 43 37 35 33 25 21 31 27 43 40 26 22 27 31 48 22 26 23 22 31 20 19 22 20 39 35 31 21 21 28 33 43 43 26 33 37 31 37 27 43 37 25 43 37 43 43 43 35 27 37 43 43 41 41 43 43 35 43 43 41 42 43 43 43 43 39 41 26 43 37 24 29 26 43 43 43 27 22 33 43 43 37 37 32 23 22 22 21 21 22 43 43 43 39 27 33 43 43 39 37 35 39 30 39 39 38 39 43 43 41 36 35 35 33 33 33 38 37 38 43 43 43 43 39 43 43 41 37 43 43 39 37 37 43 31 27 27 33 43 43 39 41 35 37 29 37 43 41 31 31 39 29 28 26 26 28 29 37 37 43 36 39 41 39 35 33 43 43 43 35 39 41 35 39 43 43 41 39 39 43 43 41 39 41 43 43 37 35 41 33 26 31 29 35 29 31 27 27 25 24 26 27 25 41 27 27 31 37 43 41 36 43 41 29 25 25 23 23 24 23 43 43 41 43 36 38 33 39 35 32 31 31 31 29 43 33 31 35 31 43 43 43 38 43 43 43 43 37 41 33 22 22 22 33 43 31 35 35 33 31 28 25 23 21 21 21 35 25 31 37 33 27 22 35 43 39 37 41 33 37 38 2 29 3 43 33 29 28 29 35 37 29 43 39 31 29 29 33 39 32 33 29 31 27 29 31 29 42 39 40 29 4 29 5 29 6 29 7 29 8 29 9 28 10 28 11 27 12 27 13 37 14 34 33 29 17 33 29 19 25 29 27 22 27 23 31 24 41 25 27 29 27 43 37 29 39 37 31 30 1908. 1 43 39 30 28 29 29 25 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 41 35 37 27 25 29 26 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 27 31 29 42 33 35 41 33 43 41 41 43 43 35 29 27 25 25 27 25 25 23 25 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 43 2 37 27 4 31 25 33 7 40 8 31 9 43 33 11 25 12 23 23 14 23 22 22 17 23 29 19 43 43 21 39 22 27 37 24 41 43 43 27 43 43 29 41 39 31 29 250 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau, Maui, for 1910-1 l—Gontinued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 1 27 27 25 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 37 43 27 35 29 36 41 43 41 23 23 23 33 43 40 31 26 25 33 37 43 43 39 35 43 43 43 40 39 43 43 43 37 33 31 43 37 29 38 42 43 31 26 35 25 33 35 30 23 22 22 31 35 23 22 23 33 43 35 27 23 31 28 39 41 39 39 43 43 41 37 39 41 30 27 25 24 23 33 38 35 27 25 24 24 23 26 23 23 39 35 27 24 23 27 27 43 43 36 43 35 30 39 25 23 32 12 43 43 31 36 43 43 43 43 41 43 43 43 43 41 43 42 43 28 37 43 43 43 39 39 29 27 25 25 25 24 25 23 23 23 23 35 43 39 37 42 41 43 41 39 43 42 36 43 41 43 43 43 41 39 43 43 39 43 37 39 37 37 35 35 35 34 34 33 35 43 41 35 35 33 35 41 39 37 43 43 42 33 28 27 34 43 35 28 27 27 25 24 26 25 37 39 29 38 34 28 39 42 43 43 37 31 27 43 43 43 43 43 39 43 43 43 43 43 43 12 43 43 41 41 41 43 38 35 41 37 34 33 41 43 11 43 39 36 29 43 37 43 36 37 43 33 37 35 29 27 25 33 35 43 33 36 38 33 25 24 26 27 26 23 23 23 23 25 43 35 35 35 39 38 39 43 37 41 35 34 39 37 43 43 41 41 41 41 43 41 41 35 37 43 39 39 39 35 43 40 43 39 35 43 35 43 42 39 39 43 39 43 39 43 39 37 39 29 35 43 39 41 33 34 31 35 28 37 35 43 43 41 35 35 39 43 43 42 42 37 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 38 36 43 43 43 43 43 43 39 32 31 38 43 41 41 43 32 31 29 37 39 29 34 43 43 43 39 41 37 31 29 32 29 40 37 41 33 29 35 39 40 41 39 39 38 35 37 41 37 37 35 39 35 37 40 35 39 35 41 43 43 41 42 41 35 33 35 35 37 39 32 31 43 43 42 43 39 35 43 35 36 39 43 43 39 35 30 29 29 43 43 43 43 41 43 41 43 42 36 34 34 38 33 32 31 31 30 30 41 36 31 35 33 36 38 31 37 35 37 37 9 29 29 43 43 37 31 43 43 41 34 33 33 39 40 39 41 38 34 33 32 32 31 31 31 31 31 ^! 31 30 32 31 39 42 39 37 34 37 42 43 30 35 40 31 33 38 29 29 28 27 27 43 43 30 29 37 28 27 30 28 43 30 43 33 29 33 29 27 27 29 37 40 43 43 41 38 41 43 43 42 40 35 37 36 31 31 31 29 29 29 29 29 37 39 35 29 29 28 31 30 27 27 33 31 39 38 28 27 25 43 30 35 32 33 43 37 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 33 29 23 23 22 22 27 27 30 30 28 27 29 31 27 35 35 27 27 26 25 25 43 42 37 29 37 27 33 43 29 31 37 43 43 43 22 2 22 3 26 4 23 5 22 6 22 7 22 8 21 9 21 10 20 11 20 12 .- 13 21 21 14 21 21 22 17 38 18 39 19 39 37 22 w 23 43 24 43 38 43 27 34 28 27 29 35 32 31 25 1910. 1 43 2 43 43 4 43 43 43 7 43 8 43 9 39 38 11 35 12 33 13 33 14 32 31 16 31 17 31 18 31 19 31 20 31 21 30 22 41 23 33 24 43 25 43 4->. 27 42 28 35 29 36 43 31 43 ISLAND OF MAUI. 251 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokdhau, Maui, for 1910-11— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 37 41 42 37 39 39 41 41 35 43 37 37 43 39 35 43 43 43 41 39 43 37 33 43 39 40 39 43 43 41 37 43 36 43 43 38 33 34 43 43 41 43 43 36 43 43 37 31 37 43 43 38 39 43 39 43 43 37 31 41 43 43 34 35 43 41 38 43 37 31 35 43 43 35 43 43 37 33 43 37 32 33 43 43 35 43 43 41 32 43 37 31 43 43 43 43 42 43 43 39 43 43 31 43 43 43 39 43 43 37 42 43 38 37 42 42 43 39 43 43 37 43 42 37 39 42 42 43 42 43 42 35 43 41 35 39 43 43 43 43 41 42 41 37 41 35 31 43 43 43 41 38 41 43 34 40 35 31 43 42 43 39 43 41 43 33 39 35 37 43 43 43 43 39 40 37 38 39 36 43 37 43 40 43 41 43 43 37 38 35 43 39 43 39 43 43 41 40 43 38 39 43 35 43 37 43 40 40 41 37 37 39 43 41 43 43 41 43 39 39 36 37 37 43 43 43 40 36 43 39 43 33 37 37 43 43 43 39 35 43 39 41 31 37 35 42 41 43 39 35 43 39 43 43 41 37 43 35 43 38 40- 43 39 43 43 43 43 43 33 43 35 43 43 39 38 43 42 39 43 31 43 35 43 43 41 35 43 43 37 43 41 43 35 38 43 39 35 43 43 39 43 34 43 34 35 43 37 43 41 37 35 43 43 33 39 43 37 41 37 40 39 43 41 33 12 43 37 35 43 41 43 33 11 37 Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 , 28 29 30 31 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined below 40 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Honokahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau, Maui, for 1907-1911 Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 1907. February 3-28 43 43 43 41 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 27 25 25 21 21 21 25 33 33 31 27 33.4 35.0 32.2 26.5 32.0 32.0 39.3 38.8 39.8 37.6 31.2 1,720 March , 2,150 April 1,920 May 1,630 June . . 1,900 July 1,970 August 2,420 September 2,310 October 2,450 November 2,240 December 1,920 The period 43 21 34.3 22, 600 1908. January 43 43 39 45 43 43 48 43 43 43 43 43 23 22 19 18 18 18 19 21 26 23 21 22 27.8 29.7 23.1 27.9 28.8 28.6 29.4 33.3 35.1 30.1 30.7 33.7 1,710 February 1,710 1,420 April 1,660 May 1,770 June 1,700 July 1,810 August . . 2,050 September 2,090 October 1,850 November 1,830 December 2,070 The year ....... 48 18 29.9 21,700 252 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Honohahau ditch at intake, near Honokahau, Maui, for 1907-11 — Continued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-oll (total ia acr&-feet). MaTJmuTTi. Minimum. Mean. 1909. January 43 43 43 4S 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 21 22 33 11 34 35 33 9 27 22 20 26.6 31.4 34.5 38.3 38.9 39.1 41.5 38.1 34.5 32.3 28.8 28.8 1,640 February 1,740 March 2,120 April 2,280 May 2,390 June 2,330 July 2,550 August 2.340 September 2,050 October 1,990 November 1,710 December 1,770 The year 43 34.4 24,900 1910. January 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 23 23 23 23 28 29 29 30 27 25 30 36.3 29.8 34.5 32.6 32.0 38.0 36.2 38.5 35.0 34.6 32.4 39.2 2,230 February 1,660 March. 2,120 April 1,940 May 1,970 2,260 July 2,230 August 2,370 September 2,080 2,130 November 1,930 2,410 43 35.0 25,300 1911. January 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 31 37 35 31 31 39 33 11 35 37 35 29 38.7 41.0 37.8 37.8 39.5 42.7 40.0 37.8 41.4 40.8 39.3 36.7 2,380 Februatry 2,280 March 2,320 2,250 May 2,430 .Tnnp. 2,540 July 2,460 August 2,320 September 2,460 2,510 November 2,340 December 2.260 43 11 39.5 28,600 HONOKAHATT DITCH ABOVE HONOLTTA STREAM, NEAR HOKOKAHATO', MATTI. The Honolua Ranch Co. has kept a record of daily gage height on the Honokahau ditch in the flume just above the inflow from Honolua Stream and has furnished the data to the Geological Survey for 1910 and 1911. Current-meter measurements have been made for rating the section. Discharge measurements of Honokahau ditch above Honolua Stream, near Honokahau, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 18 Martin and Stewart Feet. 3.9 4.0 Sq.ft. 8.7 10.2 Inches. si' Sec.-ft. 29.8 Dec. 29 J.B.Stewart 34.5 Note. — In the early part of 1912 additional measurements were made at this station from which a well- defined rating curve was obtained. ISLAND OP MAUI. 253 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokahau ditch, above Honolua Stream, near Hono- kahau, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Fpb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 17 36 20 36 22 34 27 26 27 34 23 16 33 30 35 31 35 25 25 27 36 22 16 30 36 35 30 33 29 36 34 36 24 22 30 36 26 36 26 36 36 34 35 24 24 33 36 22 26 36 34 36 32 32 23 31 23 32 20 32 30 34 36 34 32 22 24 21 36 26 36 33 36 32 32 36 22 19 19 22 35 28 34 27 27 28 36 24 8 18 20 27 33 31 26 36 26 32 22 22 17 19 23 28 32 24 30 26 34 26 26 28 19 21 23 32 28 32 26 28 30 36 30 19 22 22 32 34 32 26 32 23 35 28 18 19 20 36 24 36 26 30 22 32 20 19 18 22 28 26 36 25 26 22 29 18 18 19 26 36 11 33 25 25 22 32 5.3 18 19 30 33 36 29 25 25 21 33 17 18 28 26 30 36 26 28 24 36 32 17 18 30 29 33 32 24 26 24 33 31 18 26 24 31 24 35 24 25 24 30 32 17 35 24 28 30 32 36 24 24 23 30 17 33 26 22 36 25 36 24 26 28 34 30 30 23 20 32 23 36 25 30 23 34 20 34 -27 21 34 26 36 30 32 26 27 20 32 36 23 26 23 35 34 28 35 23 18 32 36 22 28 32 36 30 24 23 22 17 32 37 20 24 28 34 30 23 24 34 20 30 30 19 28 32 36 28 23 24 28 20 30 26 18 23 28 36 30 25 36 21 30 22 18 50 23 30 34 25 36 28 27 20 26 28 28 36 23 36 33 34 36 33 28 23 32 34 36 30 34 34 35 3? 30 36 30 31 36 34 28 36 36 36 fi 31 36 30 27 36 32 32 34 36 36 33 30 36 29 36 36 32 26 29 36 36 32 36 36 28 36 36 30 25 30 36 36 30 32 36 3D 36 36 30 24 35 36 36 28 28 36 32 33 36 30 24 29 36 36 28 35 36 30 28 36 30 24 20 36 36 28 36 36 33 26 11 30 24 35 36 35 34 35 36 34 32 36 34 23 36 36 36 32 34 36 30 36 36 30 26 36 36 36 30 36 36 29 36 36 28 31 35 36 36 34 36 34 28 36 36 28 26 36 36 36 36 34 34 32 32 35 28 24 36 36 36 34 32 34 ■ 36 27 34 27 24 36 36 36 30 34 34 11 27 34 27 26 36 36 36 36 32 34 32 32 32 28 36 31 36 34 36 35 - 36 36 33 32 28 36 32 36 31 36 36 34 34 36 32 30 36 29 36 32 34 33 34 34 32 32 32 36 36 36 22 34 36 32 32 30 30 28 36 36 36 33 30 36 32 36 29 30 30 36 36 36 32 •28 36 32 34 26 30 27 36 34 36 32 2S 36 32 36 34 34 28 36 27 35 30 32 36 30 36 36 36 34 36 25 36 28 36 36 31 32 36 34 30 36 28 36 28 36 36 32 28 36 36 28 36 30 36 28 31 36 30 28 36 36 31 35 26 36 26 29 36 30 36 36 30 30 36 36 26 32 36 30 34 32 32 33 36 35 26 11 36 30 30 35 34 36 26 9.5 30 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined between 15 and 40 second-feet. 254 WATER EESOURCES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Honokahau ditch above Honolua Stream, near Honokahau, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1910 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911 January FebruEiry March April May June July August September October November December The year 36 36 26 11 27 24 20 34 26 9.5 28 30 11 24 9.5 26.8 22.2 27.1 25.7 25.7 30.8 28.8 32.2 28.6 28.6 26.2 31.4 27.9 32.5 33.5 30.2 30.4 32.6 35. 9 32.5 30.8 34.4 33.6 31.3 30.0 32.3 1,650 1,230 1,670 1,530 1,.580 1,830 1,770 1,980 1,700 1,760 1,560 1,930 20,200 2,000 1.860 i;860 1,810 2,000 2,140 2,000 1,890 2,050 2,070 1,860 1,840 23.400 HONOKA.HATJ DITCH AT HONOKa.WAI WEIR, NEAR LAHAINA, MATTI. The water in the Honokahau ditch is measured by an 8-foot weir on the north side of Honokawai Gulch, a clock register being used for recording the gage heights. The records at this weir for 1910-11 have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Honolua Ranch Co. Discharge measurements of Honokahau ditch at Honokawai weir, near Lahaina, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 17 Feet. 8.0 Sq.ft. 13.5 Feet. O1.02 Sec.-ft. 26.3 o Gage height is the head on 8-foot weir. ISLAND OF MAUI. 255 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honokahau ditch at Honokawai weir, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1910-11. 1911. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 21 32 23 33 19 32 26 27 26 31 19 19 31 28 32 25 32 25 24 25 31 19 18 29 25 33 27 32 28 27 27 31 20 21 29 33 29 27 28 31 32 29 31 21 33 31 31 25 27 32 31 32 28 29 31 32 27 31 23 29 30 30 30 29 29 20 29 23 32 27 32 29 31 32 28 29 20 24 22 27 30 29 31 28 27 26 30 23 19 21 22. 30 29 31 26 30 24 30 20 19 20 21 24 27 31 24 29 24 29 20 25 28 20 23 25 29 25 28 24 26 28 32 23 20 23 23 29 29 28 23 26 25 26 31 19 21 21 31 2.5 31 23 7.5 22 32 25 20 20 20 28 24 31 23 24 19 32 23 19 19 23 31 25 30 23 23 19 31 10 19 20 28 30 32 28 23 23 25 30 21 19 25 27 28 31 25 25 22 27 29 20 18 30 27 31 31 24 24 22 25 31 22 24 26 29 26 30 24 23 22 21 31 20 31 26 27 27 30 28 8.0 22 21 28 19 30 27 22 31 24 18 22 22 21 32 28 27 23 20 30 24 30 23 25 16 32 22 28 25 23 31 24 31 25 28 17 17 24 31 ■30 24 27 24 30 .8 25 23 25 20 15 30 20 27 27 31 27 23 21 23 19 31 32 20 25 25 31 27 21 22 28 21 31 29 19 27 28 32 27 21 27 30 21 30 26 19 24 27 31 24 21 27 24 30 23 19 26 24 29 29 22 30 27 29 21 19 27 23 28 27 21 30 31 29 31 28 27 20 29 30 32 26 30 30 29 25 29 30 24 28 32 30 26 29 32 29 27 27 31 24 ■ 25 32 29 27 30 31 29 26 28 30 24 28 32 28 25 25 32 30 26 29 30 24 29 32 27 23 26 32 29 27 29 30 24 31 32 27 22 29 32 30 24 25 29 24 29 32 27 22 27 32 30 24 28 31 24 26 32 26 22 24 32 29 24 29 31 25 24 27 26 22 29 32 29 25 29 30 25 27 31 28 21 32 32 28 27 27 29 25 29 32 27 22 29 31 30 25 31 28 24 31 33 25 25 29 30 31 28 31 27 23 31 33 25 25 27 32 31 29 30 27 26 31 32 25 23 31 32 31 28 27 29 28 27 32 25 22 31 31 29 27 27 27 31 24 31 25 22 31 31 31 29 27 26 27 27 31 25 30 29 31 29 31 28 28 29 32 30 25 31 29 30 27 31 30 27 29 32 29 24 30 27 30 27 31 28 26 29 29 29 25 32 30 30 14 30 31 26 27 25 29 27 32 30 31 27 26 20 25 29 24 28 25 31 32 31 27 25 31 25 28 26 28 25 32 32 30 27 24 32 25 30 31 29 25 32 28 29 25 26 32 25 29 32 32 25 32 26 29 25 29 31 25 28 31 30 28 32 29 29 25 30 32 25 25 32 33 27 31 26 30 24 27 32 25 24 32 32 25 31 25 31 24 25 32 25 29 29 27 28 32 30 24 27 31 24 29 29 30 31 32 28 23 29 31 2-5 26 29 29 32 23 17 24 Note.— Daily discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from records of head on an $-foot weir furnished by the Honolua Ranch Co. 256 WATEK RESOURCES OF HA WAIL Monthly discharge of Honokahau ditch at Honokarvai weir, near Lahaina, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-teet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1910. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 17 10 15 19 19 24 23 18 .8 7.6 16 21 0.8 26.8 24.0 25.6 26.2 24.4 29.1 27.1 28.5 23.9 24.7 22.3 28.3 25.9 28.7 30.9 26.6 27.0 29.0 30.8 27.3 26.7 29.1 27.2 26.4 24.8 1,650 1,330 1,570 1,560 1,500 1,730 1,670 1,750 1,420 1,520 1,330 1,740 18,800 1,760 1,720 1,640 1,610 1,780 1,830 1,680 1,640 1,730 1,670 1,570 1,520 27.9 20,200 MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS ON WEST MAUI. The following miscellaneous measurements have been made on West Maui. Measurements of the streams, ditches, and development tunnels are arranged in clockwise order, beginning at the Waihee Stream on the northeast. Some measurements have been made of water coming from the ditches of various pumping plants. Miscellaneous measurements on streams and ditches in West Maui in 1910-11. Date. Stream or ditch. Tributary to or diversion from— Locality. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 29 1911. Aug. 22 24 1910. Feb. 17 Waihee Stream do Pacific Ocean .. ..do Gage above intake of Waihee canal, near Waihee. do Feet. 2.15 2.15 .60 Sec.-ft. 72 68 South Waiehu Stream. lao Stream North Waiehu Stream. Pacific Ocean do Gage at T. Burlem's house, near Wailuku. Above gaging station near Wailuku. ...do .27 35.0 Apr. 28 29 . .do 49 4 do ...do Below gaging station near Wailuku. Mouth, below lao gaging sta- tion near Wailuku. Above South Side ditch in- take near Waikapu. do do 1,000 feet above Piilani ditch near Lahaina. Below junction with Amalu stream, near Kaanapali. 0.63 0.65 O.70 56.0 29 Culvert Creek lao Stream 1.85 Nov. 12 17 1911. Aug. 23 July 20 Aug. 4 Waikapu Stream do do Kauaula Stream Honokawai Stream Pacific Ocean do do do do 5.8 7.8 8.1 12.4 .16 a Regular station about 1 mile below. ISLAND OF MATH. 25 Y Miscellaneous measurements on streams and diiches in West Manii in 1910-11 — Con. Date. Stream or ditch. Trihutary to or diversion from— Locality. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1911. Oct. 17 1910. Nov 7 Amalu Stream Honokawai Stream. Waihee Stream do Above ditch intake, just above junction with Honokawai Stream, near Lahaina. Near second tunnel below in- take near Waihee. do Feet. 1.90 Sec.-ft. 2.07 53 9 do 55 1911. Jan 27 ....do do do 52 Aag. 22 22 do do do 50 do do 10 feet above chute to Spreck- els's ditch near Waihee. 20 feet below chute to Spreck- els's ditch near Waihee. do 50 1910. Nov 7 do do 29 9 1911. Aug. 22 22 do do 26 5 do . .do At flume in Wailuku Sugar Co.'s field No. 38 near Wai- hee. Siphon crossing lao Stream near Wailuku. Bridge below ditchman's house near Waihee. do Near intake above Waihee Near intake above Wailuku. . . do .79 1.14 .81 .25 .38 .47 1.60 1.70 1.90 .42 .55 49 1 1910. do . . .do 45.4 Nov 9 Native ditch (south side). do Kapuna ditch (north side). Kalana Auwai (north side). Waldhriee ditch (south side). Kama Auwai (south side). do .....do side). do 5 6 1911. Jan. 27 1910. Nov. 9 Dec. 26 do do lao Stream 14.9 2.5 2.9 26 do 4.6 Nov. 14 Dec. 27 27 1911. Jan. 4 1910. Dec. 26 do do do do .do Near intake above Wailuku. . . .v..'Ao".v.v^v/^v^v^'.\'.'.'.. do ....do Lie 22.4 24.4 27.7 3.07 Nov. 11 Waikapu Stream do 2.71 1911. July 25 20 Launiupoko ditch Prilani ditch Launiupoko Stream. Kauaula Stream — ...do ■R.e-servoir near T/ahaina 1.20 500 feet above weir near La- haina. Nrrt Lahaina. 0.65 .21 6 4.01 9.8 Oct. 16 0.9 18 Aug. 2 2 3 July 23 23 Lahainaluna ditch Lahaina waterworks ditch. do Old Kahoma ditch do Lahainaluna Stream. ...do Below tail- water from power house at Lahainaluna School. Intake about 1 mile above Lahainaluna School, near Lahaina. Filtering station above Lahai- naluna School, near La- haina. Flume below weir tunnel en- trance near Lahaina. do 2.0 5.1 do Kahoma Stream do 1.04 4.6 7.0 do ...do Reservoir near Lahaina 6.1 26 )8 Honokawai ditch Honokahau ditch . .do Honokawai Stream. . Honokahau Stream . Honokahau and Ho- nolua streams, do Below Honokawai power house. Flume No. 4 near Honokahau. 0.58 8.1 31.2 17 Just below Honolua Stream, near Honokahau. Makupea flume near Hono- kahau. Waiaolali near Honokaliau Napili flume near Honokahau. Aloeloa flume near Honoka- hau. 2.50 C.65 2.31 46 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 62 45 38 78 65 51 40 34 30 131 138 62 68 46 37 45 34 28 24 18 20 22 18 65 45 40 95 46 43 37 76 87 88 76 92 68 151 63 144 148 250 56 38 33 34 31 27 24 21 20 . 24 18 16 15 64 22 20 87 71 41 24 22 18 16 15 15 14 12 15 12 94 8.5 15 16 14 13 11 38 20 24 15 13 12 17 26 14 12 12 20 53 27 71 28 22 20 18 20 14 12 12 11 10 9.7 9.4 9.4 8.5 52 50 134 51 65 52 221 53 121 88 74 53 51 41 39 6.5 33 32 45 65 68 69 116 69 63 64 52 73 73 63 62 52 42 71 62 84 68 45 32 46 40 38 74 38 37 26 44 64 71 71 62 144 68 64 71 50 46 52 46 44 56 44 45 46 44 46 44 38 44 45 56 46 44 39 44 56 44 38 52 44 50 50 46 44 50 56 52 44 44 58 46 38 33 28 33 28 33 35 26 21 21 21 18 16 18 15 20 29 35 18 19 16 14 12 12 11 13 16 28 16 15 50 44 42 71 38 28 17 24 56 52 45 39 30 137 58 44 35 54 70 38 28 28 64 71 38 35 74 50 40 37 50 37 46 51 44 62 50 64 73 74 50 88 71 63 54 137 54 46 50 50 52 46 58 52 44 38 33 28 27 15 15 15 28 20 17 16 17 16 15 13 17 16 13 12 11 13 10 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.2 8.1 15 18 37 17 13 11 8.5 46 57 44 26 71 45 58 68 68 116 52 50 50 37 28 58 45 35 28 2 24 3 21 4 21 6 21 6 35 7 33 8 52 9 32 10 27 11 23 12 21 13 34 14 102 15 137 16 71 17 54 18 73 19 66 20 52 21 44 22 38 23 30 24 29 25 26 26 21 27 20 28 19 29 29 30 29 31 27 o Discharge interpolated. Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly weU defined between 20 and 50 second-feet. ISLAND OF MAUI. 271 Monthly discharge of Haipuaena Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 144 16 50.4 1,400 138 18 51 3,140 250 15 63.9 3,550 94 8.5 21 1,290 221 8.5 46.9 2,790 116 32 57.4 3,530 144 26 53.5 3,180 58 15 37.4 2,300 137 11 33.8 2,080 137 28 55.9 3,330 58 10 27.6 1,700 116 7.2 37.1 2,210 137 19 40.0 2,460 250 7.2 43.6 31,600 Accu- racy. 1910. December 18-31 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year Note.— These estimates include the flow of Spreckels ditch, subtract flow of Spreckels ditch at station No. 3. To get flow of Haipuaena Stream alone, PtrOHAKAMOA STREAM NEAR HTTELO, MAITI. Puohakamoa Stream is one of the largest streams intercepted by the East Maui ditches. It is east of Waikamoi and west of Hai- puaena streams and reaches high up on the slope of Haleakala. A gaging station was established on this stream at the bridge on the trail crossing, about 6 miles by trail southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office), December 18, 1910. The gage is fastened to stones and to the bridge pier only a few feet below the inflow from Spreckels ditch. It is graduated into tenths of feet and consists of two sections. The discharge at this station includes the flow of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4 as well as the total flow of the stream. The water is again diverted through Spreckels ditch a few hundred feet below the station and excess water may be picked up by the Center ditch at a lower elevation. To obtain the discharge of Puohakamoa Stream alone, subtract discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4. Discharge measurements of Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 17 C. H. Pierce Feet. 19.0 20.5 7.3 Sq. ft. 32.7 32.2 8.2 Feet. 0.86 0.90 1.03 Sec.-ft. 26 2 1911. Jan. 21 do , 28.0 Apr. 4a do 41.1 a Measurement made in ditch near diversion dam. Total flow of stream was being diverted. Note. — Measurements made by wading just above bridge, except as noted. 272 WATER RESOURCES OP HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feet, of Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tokunaga, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 0.88 2 12 22 90 3 13 23 .92 4 14 24 3.32 5 15 25 6 16 26 4.67 7 17 27 1 60 8 18 82 .80 .82 28 1.28 9 19 29 1.14 10 20 30 1.00 31 1.82 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.88 1.24 1.30 2.28 1.78 1.32 1.24 1.05 1.00 2.42 2.00 1.87 2.00 1.37 1.20 1.31 1.10 1.02 .93 .89 .88 .88 .80 1.89 1.48 1.31 2.12 2.40 1.34 1.22 1.67 1.44 2.68 2.25 2.27 1.79 4.00 2.00 4.00 6.50 3.48 1.95 1.52 1.35 1.32 1.25 1.18 1.08 1.00 .92 1.25 .89 .89 .80 1.28 1.00 .90 3.22 2.23 1.47 1.05 .91 .89 .87 .79 .78 .72 .69 .81 .69 .67 .64 1.00 .98 .81 .76 .68 2.50 .82 .79 .90 .77 .75 .82 .78 .91 .81 .74 .99 1.18 1.20 1.03 1.18 1.01 .83 .81 .82 .78 .78 .76 .74 .74 .65 .60 .58 .52 1.65 1.60 1.41 1.50 3.20 1.83 5.50 3.00 2.83 2.37 1.72 1.40 1.28 1.24 1.41 1.70 1.28 1.21 1.30 1.32 1.60 1.48 2.95 2.10 1.60 1.38 1.56 2.23 2.95 1.84 1.78 1.55 1.36 1.60 1.71 2.45 1.51 1.40 1.35 1.45 1.42 1.37 2.60 1.23 1.18 1.02 1.32 2.21 3.10 1.97 2.08 3.52 2.18 2.64 2.45 1.65 1.57 1.62 1.55 1.45 1.68 1.44 1.41 1.65 1.48 1.70 1.48 1.31 1.33 1.38 1.79 1.67 1.60 1.51 1.49 2.00 1.48 1.90 1.64 1.55 1.66 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.61 1.80 1.86 1.58 1.49 1.79 1.55 1.38 1.27 1.15 1.24 i.r5 1.19 1.38 1.05 .89 .88 .89 .80 .79 .79 .78 0.89 1.04 1.00 .82 .84 .78 .72 .69 .69 .67 .77 .79 1.18 .83 .70 1.70 1.58 1.26 2.90 1.34 .99 .80 .82 1.95 1.85 1.55 1.40 1.25 3.60 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.85 1.28 1.28 1.10 1.00 1.80 2.45 1.57 1.27 2.22 1.42 1.38 «1.30 1.70 1.63 1.61 1.71 1.42 2.09 1.69 2.20 2.50 2.75 1.75 2.19 2.30 2.83 1.80 5.58 1.90 1.57 1.70 1.90 1.72 1.60 1.95 1.75 1.51 1.48 1.30 1.24 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.12 .84 .81 .80 .86 .80 .78 .76 .78 .78 .70 .67 .63 .66 .62 0.59 .58 .67 .54 .67 .70 .80 1.75 .79 .67 .67 .61 1.72 2.24 1.65 1.31 2.50 1.52 2.00 1.88 2.22 2.07 1.78 1.55 1.41 1.30 1.22 2.18 1.41 1.32 1.24 2 1.05 3 .95 4 .97 5 .93 6 1.21 7 1.32 8 2.19 9 1.25 10 1.10 11 1.06 12 1.00 13 1.27 14 2.30 15 1.00 16 2.08 17 2.10 18 2.14 19 2.07 20 1.85 21 1.48 22 1.30 23 1.25 24 1.30 25 1.08 26 .96 27 .96 28 1.00 29 1.08 30 1.12 31 1.10 Note. — Gage was read but once a day, the reading being taken in the afternoon. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 .. 1910. 11.... 1910. 21.... 1910. 30 2. 12 22 30 3. 13 23 30 4. 14 24 390 6 15 25 O580 6 16 26 770 7 17 27 90 8 18 24 24 24 28 60 9 19 29 48 10 .... 20 30 37 31 115 ISLAND OF MAUI. 273 Dcdly discharge, in second-feet, of Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2 3 , 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 , 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 128 56 60 190 115 60 56 40 37 208 142 122 142 64 52 60 44 37 34 30 30 30 24 128 79 60 157 208 64 52 74 264 182 182 115 550 142 550 900 434 135 79 64 60 56 52 44 37 30 56 30 30 24 60 37 30 368 182 74 40 30 30 27 24 24 18 18 24 18 16 16 37 37 24 21 18 226 24 24 30 21 21 24 24 30 24 21 37 52 90 69 79 368 122 800 325 294 199 102 69 60 56 102 60 52 60 90 79 314 157 90 69 84 182 314 122 115 84 64 90 102 217 79 69 64 74 69 64 245 56 52 37 60 173 346 135 157 434 157 254 217 96 84 90 84 74 102 74 69 96 79 102 79 60 64 115 96 90 79 79 142 79 128 96 84 96 84 79 79 90 115 122 90 79 115 84 69 56 48 56 30 40 37 24 27 24 18 18 18 16 21 24 52 27 18 102 90 66 304 199 37 24 24 135 122 56 456 142 90 60 122 60 60 44 37 115 217 84 56 173 69 69 60 102 96 90 102 69 157 102 173 226 274 108 173 190 294 115 810 128 84 102 128 102 136 108 79 79 60 56 44 37 37 37 44 27 24 24 27 24 24 21 24 24 18 16 16 16 13 13 13 10 10 16 18 24 108 24 16 16 13 102 182 60 142 128 173 157 115 84 69 60 52 173 69 60 56 40 34 34 34 52 60 173 66 44 40 37 56 190 37 157 167 165 150 122 79 60 56 60 44 34 34 37 44 44 44 o Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined, it being only approximate aboTe 50 second-feet. Discharge applied to nearest half-tenth of gage height. Monthly discharge of Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. December 18-31 1911. January February March April May June July Angnst September October November December The year 770 208 900 226 800 314 434 142 456 810 135 226 190 900 161 10 92.1 4,470 24 84.0 5,160 24 170 9,440 16 34.0 2,090 13 105 6,250 52 108 6,640 37 122 7,260 24 70.5 4,830 16 76.9 4,730 37 144 8,670 13 53.2 3,270 10 76.9 4,580 34 71.9 4,420 66,700 Note.— These estimates include the flow of SprecJiels ditch. sabtract the flow of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4. 74323*— wsp 318—13 ^18 To obtain the flow of Puohakamoa Stream 274 WATEE RESOUECES OP HAWAH. ALO STREAM NEAR HUELO, MAITI. Alo Stream is one of the small streams intercepted by the East Maui ditches. It is tributary to Waikamoi Stream from the east a short distance below the Alo Division weir. Spreckels ditch enters this stream a short distance above the weir and about 50 feet below the trail bridge crossing. The gaging station on this stream was established December 18, 1910, at the bridge just above the point at which Spreckels ditch drops into the stream. This station is about 5 miles southeast of Kailua (Huelo post oiffice). The gage is fastened to the left bank just below the bridge. Records at this station show the total flow of the stream but do not include water from the ditch. Discharge measurements of Alo Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 16 C. H. Pierce Feet. 8.5 8.0 3.9 13. C 14.0 S,.ft.^ 6.8 2.0 33.6 12.7 Feet. 1.S6 1.55 1.48 2.40 2.10 Sec.-ft. 2 20 1911. Jan. 22 do 2.08 Nov. 10 J. B. Stewart 1 38 17 do 41.1 22 do 13.6 Note. — Measurements made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Alo Stream near Huelo Maui, for 1910-11. jTokunaga, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910 1 1910 11 1910 21 1.54 2 12 22 1 70 3 13 23 1 56 4 14 24 . 3 12 5 15 25 2 20 6 16 26 3.24 7 17 27 2 30 8 18 1.52 1.55 1.54 28 1.93 9 19 29 1 82 10 20 30 1.74 31 1.84 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1. 1.88 1.90 1.80 1.98 2.61 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.72 2.24 2.16 2.18 2.18 1.90 1.86 2.08 2.74 2.32 2.44 2.11 3.02 2.38 2.50 2.49 3.64 2.01 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.70 1.87 1.77 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.48 1.58 1.51 1.44 1.41 1.76 1.74 1.83 2.10 1.85 1.70 1.61 1.57 1.57 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.48 1.46 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.88 1.97 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.88 1.84 1.80 2.56 2.49 1.92 1.90 1.98 2.83 2.33 1.70 1.96 3.24 2.20 ^.30 2.01 2.65 2.00 2.05 2.34 1.98 1.92 2. 09 2.05 1.91 1.93 1.92 1.92 2.01 1.91 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.96 2.10 2.12 1.98 1.92 2.16 1.60 1.84 1.69 1.63 1.64 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.42 1.42 1.52 1.83 1.53 1.50 1.90 1.94 1.92 1.92 1.74 1.70 2.04 2.10 2.04 1.91 2:60 2.07 1.99 1.91 1.96 2.14 2.04 2.08 2.10 2.02 1.98 2.33 2.10 2.00 1.99 1.82 1.80 1.77 1.70 1.68 1.38 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.35 1.52 1.51 1.95 1.54 1.46 1.43 1.39 2.13 2.19 2.06 1 84 2 1.70 3 1 60 4 1.69 5 1.62 6 1.50 7 1.90 8 2.12 9 1.88 10 :. 1.78 11 1.70 12 1.69 13 1.90 14 2.04 15.. i 2.18 ISLAND OP MAUI. 275 Daily gage height, in feet, of Alo Stream near Huelo Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 16 1.85 1.84 1.73 1.64 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.54 2.24 1.95 1.88 2.24 2.62 1.90 1.84 2.03 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.58 1.54 1.70 1.68 1.64 2.35 2.02 1.56 1.50 1.50 1.85 1.74 1.59 1.79 1.53 1.51 1.53 1.76 1.66 1.58 1.50 1.60 1.89 1.38 2.07 2.10 1.90 1.94 2.47 1.92 2.55 1.98 2.22 2.45 2.07 2.00 1.89 1.89 2.29 1.91 1.96 1.89 1.96 2.24 2.24 1.98 1.88 1.83 1.88 1.86 1.81 1.85 1.81 1.80 1.95 1.90 1.90 1.92 1.91 2.11 1.94 1.86 1.86 1.87 1.91 1.91 1.97 1.91 1.89 1.98 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.86 1.76 1.80 1.86 1.72 1.64 1.61 1.65 1.60 1.56 1.58 1.53 2.02 1.89 1.70 2.50 1.90 1.74 1.70 1.68 2.04 2.10 2.08 1.92 1.90 2.70 2.32 1.98 1.91 1.94 2.20 1.95 2.38 2.12 2.42 2.38 2.19 2.00 2.40 2.24 2.29 2.09 3.18 1.64 1.86 1.60 1.58 1.53 1.57 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.84 2.48 2.04 2.08 1.99 2.34 2.20 2.13 2.11 1.96 1.89 1.82 2.28 1.94 1.88 1.99 17 2.00 18 2.01 19 2.04 20 2.00 21 1.92 22 1.90 23 1.86 24 1.92 25 1.78 26 1.72 1.69 28 . 1.67 1.93 30 1.84 31 1.85 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Alo Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 - - 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. ! 21.. 1910. 1 9 2 92 4.0 3 j 23 2.1 4 .... 24 58 5 25 17 6 1 26 68 7 1 27 20 8 1.7 2.0 1.9 28 9 9 29 6 10 -- 30 5 31 7 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 8 8 6 U 31 8 7 6 4.4 18 16 17 17 8 7 7 7 4.6 3.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.9 18 9 8 18 32 8 7 12 14 37 20 24 14 51 22 27 27 82 11 8 8 7 4 4 3.7 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 4.0 3.6 3.1 22 11 8 5 4.0 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.6 0.9 0.6 5 5 2.1 1.5 1.5 7 5 2.4 6 1.8 1.6 1.8 5 3.4 2.3 1.5 2.5 8 6 14 7 4 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 .6 .5 .4 .3 13 14 8 9 26 8 29 11 18 25 13 11 8 8 8 10 7 7 6 8 7 6 29 27 8 8 11 41 21 20 8 10 8 10 18 18 11 8 6 8 7 6 7 6 6 4 10 18 11 20 11 33 11 13 21 11 8 14 12 8 10 8 8 8 8 14 9 7 7 7 8 8 10 8 8 9 8 8 11 8 11 10 9 8 10 14 14 11 8 16 11 8 7 6 7 5 6 7 4 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.5 7 3.8 2.9 3.1 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 .7 .7 1.7 6 1.8 1.5 11 8 4 27 8 5 4 4 12 14 14 8 8 35 20 11 8 9 8 8 5 4 12 14 12 8 31 13 11 8 10 8 9 17 9 22 15 24 22 17 11 23 18 20 14 60 15 12 14 14 11 10 21 14 11 8 t 5 4 3.7 3.1 7 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 .9 .7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.7 1.6 10 1.9 1.1 .8 .4 15 17 13 7 26 12 14 11 21 17 15 14 10 8 6 19 9 8 7 2 4 3 2.5 4 3.8 5 2.8 6 2.1 7 8 8 14 9 8 10 6 11 4 12 3 8 13 8 14 12 15 16 16 11 17 11 18 11 19 13 20 11 21 8 s 23 7 8 25 6 26 4 3.8 28 3.5 29 9 30 7 7 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 25 second-feet. 276 WATER RESOUECBS OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Alo Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910, December 18-31 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year , 14.5 1.9 1.9 0.6 0.3 6.0 4.0 1.8 0.7 4.0 0.7 0.1 2.1 10.2 15.1 3.11 8.25 11.6 11.1 7.54 7.45 15.0 6.00 8.69 7.43 627 839 191 491 713 660 464 458 893 369 517 457 6,680 WAIKAMOI STREAM NEAR HUELO, MAUI. Waikamoi is one of the fairly large streams intercepted by the East Maui ditches. It is the first large stream west of Puohakamoa. A gaging station was established on this stream December 16, 1910, about 4^ miles southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office), and just above the bridge on the Spreckels ditch traU a few hundred feet above the point of inflow of Spreckels ditch. The gage is fastened to rocks in the stream bed about 50 feet above the bridge. The stream bed is exceedingly rough and only low-water measurements have been made. A few hundred feet below the gage Spreckels ditch takes out again. The discharge at this station gives the total flow of the stream above all diversions. Water in excess of what Spreckels ditch takes passes down the stream to Center ditch at a lower elevation. Discharge measurements of Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 16 C. H. Pierce Feet. 4.0 7.8 4.9 7.0 Sq. feet. 20.7 19.0 4.5 12.2 Feet. 1.63 1.62 1.37 1.78 Sec.-ft. 7.7 19U. Jan. 22 do 6.8 Nov 1 J. B. Stewart 2.3 Dec. 13 ... .do 12.5 Note.— Measurements made by wading at various sections. ISLAND OF MAUI. 277 Daily gage height, in feet, of Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tokunaga, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 18 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.70 23 1.62 2.26 2.15 3.2S 2.20 28 1 83 19 24 29 1.73 20 . ..... 30 1 69 21 2b 31 1.96 22 ! 27 1 Day. Jan. Feb. Max. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1.94 1.82 1.70 2.70 2.82 2.22 1.93 1.79 1.72 2.80 2.26 2.20 2.32 1.92 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.75 1.69 1.65 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.92 1.94 1.81 2.24 2.88 1.92 1.79 2.08 2.12 3.00 2.51 2.44 2.18 2.92 2.28 4.55 5.10 5.61 2.56 2.05 1.92 1.82 1.96 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.26 1.65 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.59 1.60 1.60 1.92 2.72 1.88 1.92 1.64 1.60 1.58 1.56 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.60 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.60 1.78 1.60 1.56 1.53 2.16 1.76 1.62 1.68 1.59 1.54 1.58 1.59 1.66 1.59 1.51 1.55 2.06 1.79 1.94 1.92 1.72 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.49 1.49 4.47 1.44 1.44 1.40 1.38 2.21 1.89 1.80 1.88 2.83 2.44 1.80 2.90 3.01 2.98 2.10 1.59 1.80 1.70 1.88 2.02 1.92 1.85 1.98 1.92 1.88 1.78 3.52 2.71 1.96 1.88 1.94 3.74 2.96 2.41 2.02 2.06 1.88 1.88 2.12 2.34 L94 1.84 1.76 1.81 1.80 1.82 2.60 1.82 1.76 1.68 1.78 2.00 2.17 2.42 2.12 3.24 2.54 2.68 2.77 2.04 1.80 2.06 1.96 1.86 1.99 1.87 1.82 1.96 1.85 2.06 1.82 1.78 1.66 1.74 1.97 2.00 1.86 1.77 1.74 1.94 1.88 1.78 2.06 1.86 1.94 2.00 1.88 1.80 1.94 1.98 2.06 1.41 1.85 1.88 1.88 1.78 1.88 1.62 1.66 1.62 1.62 1.70 1.62 1.57 1.55 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.50 1.56 1.14 1.54 1.53 1.56 1.50 1.49 1.43 1.44 1.40 1.40 1.46 1.72 1.52 1.48 1.96 1.89 1.70 3.42 1.85 1.80 1.62 1.60 2.06 2.00 2.03 1.74 1.71 2.88 3.20 1.86 1.74 1.84 1.76 1.74 1.66 1.60 2.06 2.68 1.94 1.78 2.98 2.10 1.82 1.74 1.82 1.77 1.78 2.20 1.84 2.76 2.06 2.51 2.32 2.16 2.02 2.46 2.29 3.35 2.14 3.84 2.16 1.98 1.94 2.12 2.12 1.98 2.36 2.09 1.94 1.82 1.74 1.70 1.66 1.62 1.62 1.60 1.68 1.58 1.54 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.4S 1.46 1.46 1.48 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.47 1.66 1.58 1.43 1.39 1.32 1.81 2.54 2.06 1.74 2.70 2.07 2.16 2.32 2.62 2.46 2.15 2.09 1.86 1.74 1.70 2.51 2.02 1.82 1.72 2 1.66 3 1.62 4 1.64 5 1.60 6 1.82 7 1.69 8 2.18 9 1.72 10 1.68 11 1.64 12 1.60 13 1.78 14 2.94 15 2.18 16 2.91 17 2.58 18 2.95 19 2.76 20 1.76 21 1.87 22 1.81 23 1.74 24 1.76 25 1.69 26 1.66 27 1.66 28 1.63 29 1.84 30 1.64 31 1.70 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 7 2 12 22 9 3 13 23 7 4 . 14. 24 25 5 15 25 22 6 16 26 76 7 17 27 23 8 18. 7 7 7 28 12 9 19 29 10 10. 20. 30 9 31 16 278 WATEE RESOURCES OP HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 15 11 9 45 52 24 15 11 9 50 25 23 28 14 11 11 11 10 9 8 8 7 7 14 15 11 25 54 15 11 20 20 60 35 23 33 56 27 164 199 234 37 18 14 12 10 9 9 8 1.1 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 14 46 14 9 8 ; 6 6 6 5 7 6 5 5 7 11 7 6 6 21 10 7 9 6 6 7 7 8 7 5 6 19 11 10 14 9 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 154 4 4 3 3 23 14 11 14 52 33 11 55 60 60 20 14 '11 10 14 17 14 12 11 14 14 11 88 45 16 14 16 104 58 31 17 19 14 14 20 29 15 12 10 11 11 11 40 11 10 9 11 17 22 31 20 23 37 45 48 18 11 19 16 13 17 13 11 16 13 19 11 11 8 10 16 17 13 10 10 15 14 11 19 13 15 17 14 11 15 17 19 3 12 14 14 11 9 7 8 7 7 9 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 10 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 4 9 5 5 16 14 9 82 12 11 7 7 19 17 18 10 9 55 70 13 10 12 10 10 8 7 19 45 15 11 60 20 11 10 11 10 11 23 12 48 19 35 27 22 17 33 27 29 21 111 22 17 15 20 20 17 29 20 15 11 10 9 8 7 7 7 9 7 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 3 3 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 5 4 8 7 4 2.8 1.7 11 37 19 9 45 19 22 27 40 33 22 20 13 10 9 35 17 11 9 2 8 3 7 4 g 5 7 6 11 7 g 8 22 9 9 10 g 11 8 12 7 13 11 14 57 15 50 16 55 40 18 68 19 48 20 10 21 13 22 11 23 10 24 10 25 9 26 8 27 8 28 8 29 12 30 8 9 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 20 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910 December 18-31 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 16.9 54 234 21 154 104 48 19 82 111 29 45 58 7 1.1 5 3 10 8 3 3 7 2.2 1.3 7 18.6 38.5 7.94 21.4 23.3 17.8 10.5 14.5 23.5 9.77 14.6 17.7 1,140 2,140 488 1,270 1,430 1,060 646 892 1,400 601 869 1,090 C. 234 1.1 18.0 13,000 OOPTTOLA STREAM NEAR ETTELO, MAXTI, Oopuola Stream is a small stream west of Waikamoi and east of Nailiilihaele. Its water is intercepted by Spreckels and Center ditches. ISLAND OF MAUI. 279 A gaging station was established on this stream December 16, 1910, where the Spreckels ditch trail crosses the stream about 2 miles south- east of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated to tenths of a foot, is fastened to the right bank 15 feet above the bridge. The discharge at this station, gives the total flow of the stream above all diversions. Discharge measurements of Oopuola Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dee 16 C H Pierce . Feet. 13.5 Sq.ft. 7.2 Feet. 1.22 1.00 1.17 1.77 Sec.-ft. 2 6 1911. Nov 1 J B Stewart 92 11 do 3.5 7.7 2.3 5.7 1 8(j 13 do 8 7 Note. — ^Measurements made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Oopuola Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Joseph EUerreira and John Pachero, observers.] Day. Dec. Day. Dee. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 - 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21.. 1910. 1 17 2 22 1 23 3 23 1 25 4 24 1 58 5 25 g 1.22 1.2 1.18 1.2 1.19 26 3 10 7 27 2 9 g 28 1 8 9 29 1 2 10 - 30 1 19 31 2 6 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 1911. 1 2.30 2.87 1.90 2.40 1.84 3.20 1.95 3.10 4.50 4.80 1.85 1.62 1.50 1.42 1.32 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.18 2.10 1.60 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.17 1.21 1.14 1.10 1.08 1.23 1.38 1.28 1.22 1.18 1.93 1.25 1.53 "i.'se' 1.22 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.14 '"i."i3' 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.40 1.34 1.29 1.26 1.32 1.39 1.34 1.17 '"i.'go' 1.52 1.10 1.38 1.50 "'i.'46" 1.32 1.30 1.70 2.50 1.50 2.00 1.70 1.50 1.36 1.45 1.31 "i."i6' 1.12 1.08 1.08 1.40 1.55 "i.'si' 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.20 1.00 1.00 .99 .98 1.32 2 1.22 1.40 2.70 1.82 1.50 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.82 1.50 1.10 1.30 3 1.40 1.20 1.15 1.10 'i.'i6' 1.08 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.09 'i.'i6' 1.10 1.38 1.60 1.60 2.70 4 1.33 5" 1.28 1.29 "i.'26" 3.04 2.50 1.70 1.62 1.58 '"2.' 66' 1.91 1.65 1.68 1.46 1.35 1.90 1.73 2.85 2.06 2.10 1.95 "i.'34' 1.52 1.40 1.63 1.50 1.55 1.35 1.51 "i'.'bb' 1.55 2.00 1.52 1.54 2.20 1.31 6 1.04 1.10 2.10 1.14 1.10 1.15 1.10 2.10 2.08 1.76 1.40 2.85 1.70 1.80 7 1.40 8 2.10 9 1.41 10 11 1.30 12 1.90 1.87 1.58 1.40 1.33 1.34 1.28 1.25 1.21 1.31 13 1.31 14 1.81 15 1.50 16 1.34 17 1.57 "i'.hi' 1.46 1.50 1.42 1.30 1.30 18 1.75 1.49 2.50 1.13 1.11 1.09 i.44 19 1.45 20 1.4< ) 1.50 280 WATEK BESOXJKCES OF HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feet, of Oo-puola Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Contijiued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.22 1.20 1.18 3.20 2.80 1.20 1.28 1.22 1.19 1.20 "i.'25' 1.20 1.17 1.19 2.05 2.10 2.80 "i.'go' 2.05 2.50 1.30 1.18 1.16 "i.'94' 1.50 1.42 1.38 1.42 1.39 "i."25' 1.20 1.18 2.00 1.65 1.60 1.46 1.55 1.90 1.72 1.53 1.30 1.30 ■"i.'do' 1.10 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.05 1.55 1.30 1.20 1.70 1.85 1.45 "i.'io' 4.00 2.00 1.58 2.05 1.80 3.50 "'i'oo' 2.60 2.10 2.30 1.70 3,00 1.09 "i.'os' 1.04 1.04 1.10 1.08 1.07 "i.oi' 1.00 1.90 1.81 1.66 1.70 1.41 ■ ■i.'22' 2.20 1.40 1.42 1.43 22 1.40 23 1.17 2.48 1.82 1.80 2.85 2.60 1.84 1.38 1.31 24 25 26 27 1.30 1.31 28 1.29 29 1.31 30 1.40 31 Note. — Gage was read but once a day, the reading being taken in the afternoon. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oopuola Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17- 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21.. 1910. 1 6 2 22 2.0 3... 23 2 2 4... 24 5.9 6 25 028 6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 26 51 7... . 27 42 8 28 10 9 29 1.8 10 30 1.7 31 30 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 016 1.8 3.6 34 10 4.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 10 all 12 11 6.4 3.6 3.1 3.0- 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.8 a 1.6 1.6 26 10 10 40 30 11 3.6 a 12 21 41 12 24 11 56 13 51 144 168 11 6.4 4.8 3.8 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 56 38 16 6.4 2.6 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.2 3.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 13 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.8 15 5.5 4.3 3.1 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.6 3.1 2.6 2.2 16 38 a 25 12 15 27 2.6 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.6 3.1 02.8 2.6 2.6 02.4 2.2 48 27 8.0 6.4 6.4 olO 14 12 7.2 8.0 4.2 3.1 oS.O 13 4.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 02.9 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 06.8 12 ol2 12 9.0 40 15 16 13 o8.0 3.1 4.8 3.6 7.2 a6.4 5.5 oS.2 4.8 4.2 14 7.2 4.8 4.2 04. 8 5.5 12 8.0 5.5 05.2 4.8 4.8 3.6 04.2 4.8 5.5 3.1 4.8 04.8 4.8 5.5 14 4.8 5.5 18 oil 4.8 3.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 .8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 0I.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 al.2 1.2 1.2 3.6 6.4 6.4 34 020 5.5 2.6 1.8 8.0 11 4.2 03.9 3.6 107 14 6.4 3.6 4.8 04.2 3.6 2.6 2.6 8.0 27 4.8 09.4 14 8 4.8 3.1 4.2 2.6 05.8 9.0 4.8 27 15 10 74 044 l'4 30 16 21 8.0 46 024 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.6 5.5 05.2 4.8 4.8 3.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 02.2 1.8 0I.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 ol.l 1.0 1.0 1.0 L2 1.2 1.0 0.9 .8 .8 0.8 .8 .8 .8 0.9 1.0 1.2 16 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 16 16 9.0 3.6 40 8.0 05.8 3.6 12 10 5.5 8.0 3.6 02.7 1.8 18 3.6 3.6 2.6 2 2.6 3 02.8 4 3.1 5 2.6 6 10 7 3.8 8 16 9 3.6 10 03.1 11 2.6 12 2.6 13 2.6 14 10 15 4.8 16 3.1 03.6 18 4.2 4.2 20 4.8 21 4.2 3.6 23 2.6 24 o2.6 25 02.6 26 2,6 2.6 28 2.6 2.6 30 3.6 31 03.6 o Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 20 second-^eet. Discharge apphed to nearest half-tenth of gage height. ISLAND OP MAUI. 281 Monthly discharge of Oopuola Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in aere-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. December 16-31 . . 1910. 61 L6 11.-6 368 C. 1911. 40 168 16 38 48 40 18 107 74 24 40 16 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 .8 1.0 2.6 .8 .8 2.6 9.44 24.4 3.32 6113 7.26 8.71 4.34 8.29 14.4 2.74 6.62 4.05 580 1,360 201 365 446 518 267 510 857 168 394 249 B. February C. Marcli B. April B. May B. B. July B. B. September B. Oc^ber B. B. December - - - B. 168 0.8 8.17 5,920 a Interpolated. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO, 1, NEAR HUELO, MAITI. Spreckels ditch heads in the Nuaailua Stream east of Honomanu Stream. Eight gaging stations have been placed on this ditch be- tween its source and the reservoir near Kailua. Station No. 1, which is at the trail crossing of Ulawina Stream, was established December 18^ 1910. A staff gage, graduated to tenths of a foot, is placed at the mouth of the tunnel on the right or makai side, just east of Ulawina Stream. The discharge at this station gives the amount of water collected by the ditch above, and represents the total combined flow of Nuaa- ilua and Honomanu streams at low and medium stages. Discharge measurements of Sprechels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. height. Dis- charge. Jan. 20 C. H. Pierce Feet. 5.6 6.0 6.2 7.9 Sq.ft. 6.2 7.9 8.0 23.8 Feet. 0.48 .60 .60 1.45 Sec.-ft. 8 5 Apr. 3 Nov. 16 do 10 3 J. B. Stewart 9 7 20 do 31.2 282 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in feet, ofSpreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 . [Tom Pahukoa and Kumagai, observers.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 45 2 12 22 . 75 3 13 23 5 4 14 24 1 8 5 15 25 2 6 16 26 2 7 17 27 1 5 8 18 0.4 .5 .4 28 95 9 19 29 75 10 20 30 65 31 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.65 1.2 1.05 .9 .65 1.85 1.75 1.65 1.85 1.1 .85 .85 .85 .7 .55 .5 .5 .5 .45 1.2 1.55 1.0 1.95 1.9 1.05 .95 1.7 1.8 2.05 1.95 2.05 1.45 2.05 1.7 2.1 2.15 2.35 .9 .8 .65 .7 .8 .7 .65 .6 .5 .55 .5 .4 .4 1.05 .7 .6 1.1 1.9 1.1 .65 .5 .5 .45 .4 .35 .35 .35 .45 .4 .35 .3 .65 .7 .4 .35 .3 .85 .6 .8 .65 .4 .4 .45 .9 .55 .4 .35 .5 1.05 0.8 1.2 .7 .55 .5 .45 .45 .4 .35 .35 .3 .3 .3 .25 .25 .2 1.5 1.65 1.55 1.3 1.6 1.55 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.55 1.35 .95 1.15 0.65 1.8 1.2 .9 .9 1.7 1.2 1.25 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.35 1.3 1.95 2.2 1.85 1.6 1.45 1.2 1.4 1.95 1.75 1.5 1.1 .95 .95 1.1 1.05 1.1 1.05 .85 0.6 .95 1.7 1.6 1.95 1.7 2.05 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.75 1.5 1.7 1.4 .9 .9 1.2 1.6 1.65 1..55 .95 1.25 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.55 1.55 1.7 1.85 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 .95 .8 .7 1.2 .7 .8 1.25 .7 .55 .55 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 0.6 .8 .7 .8 .6 .4 .4 .3 .35 .3 .35 .45 .9 .4 .45 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.1 .65 .6 .55 1.6 1.6 1.3 .9 .75 1.45 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.2 .85 .9 .66 .6 1.4 1.7 1.3 .8 1.9 1.35 .95 .8 1.15 .95 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.65 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.55 2.1 1.65 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.55 1.35 1.85 1.65 1.25 1.5 .8 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .45 .4 .45 .4 .35 .35 .35 .45 .35 .3 .3 .3 .3 0.25 .25 .25 .2 .2 .45 .45 .8 .45 .35 .3 .25 1.25 1.6 1.35 .65 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.95 1.85 1.7 1.6 1.0 .75 .65 1.8 1.35 .85 65 .55 3 5 4 .55 .5 6 1 05 7 7 8 1.7 9 .75 .0 .65 11 .5 12 .55 j3 .95 14 1.9 15 1.6 16 1.3 17 1.5 18 1.75 19 1.6 20 1.4 21 1.1 •>■) .95 •)9 .75 L'4 .65 25 .6 26 .5 27 .5 28 .45 29 .9 30 .6 31 .7 a Discharge interpolated. Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSpreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 8.2 2 12 22 12 3 13 23 8.8 4 14 24 44 5 15 25 52 6 16 26 52 7 17 27 32 8 18 7.7 8.8 7.7 28 16 9 19 29 12 10 20 30 10 31 O20 ISLAND OP MAin. 283 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. * Nov. Deo. 1911. 1 29 20 20 44 38 23 18 15 10 46 42 38 46 20 14 14 14 11 9.4 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.2 23 34 17 50 48 18 16 40 44 54 50 54 30 54 40 56 58 66 15 13 10 11 13 11 10 10 8.8 9.4 8.8 7.7 7.7 18 11 10 20 48 20 11 8.8 8.8 8.2 7.7 7.2 7.2 7.2 8.2 7.7 7.2 6.7 10 11 7.7 7.2 6.7 14 10 13 10 7.7 7.7 8.2 15 9.4 7.7 7.2 8.8 18 13 23 11 9.4 8.8 8.2 8.2 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 5.9 32 38 34 26 36 34 66 48 64 56 34 28 16 22 11 44 23 15 15 40 23 24 60 56 26 28 26 50 60 46 36 30 23 29 50 42 32 20 16 16 20 18 20 18 14 10 16 40 36 50 40 54 44 44 44 36 29 40 40 23 29 26 36 42 32 40 29 15 15 23 36 38 34 16 24 44 32 26 40 32 36 32 34 34 40 46 36 32 36 44 36 16 13 11 23 11 13 24 11 9.4 9.4 10 8.8 8.8 8.8 7.7 10 13 11 13 10 7.7 7.7 6.7 7.2 6.7 7.2 8.2 15 7.7 8.2 40 32 40 48 20 10 10 9.4 36 ^6 26 15 12 30 32 17 13 23 14 15 11 10 29 40 26 13 48 28 16 13 22 16 26 36 20 36 26 48 40 38 29 44 40 44 34 56 38 20 29 36 34 28 46 38 24 32 13 11 10 10 10 8.8 15 8.8 8.2 7.7 8.2 7.7 7.2 7.2 7.2 8.2 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.9 5.9 8.2 8.2 13 8.2 7.2 6.7 6.3 24 36 28 11 44 26 32 36 50 46 40 36 17 12 10 44 28 14 11 2 9.4 3 8 8 4 9 4 5 8.8 6 18 7 11 8 40 9 12 10 10 11 8 8 12 9.4 13 16 14 48 15 36 26 17 32 42 19 36 20 29 21 20 22 16 23 12 24 10 10 26 8.8 27 8.8 28 8.2 29 15 10 31 11 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined between 7 and 35 second- feet. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. 1, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- racy. 1910. December 18-31 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 52 7.7 20.8 8.2 7.7 6.7 5.9 11 10 7.7 6.7 10 6.7 5.9 8.2 24.3 26.7 9.52 22.2 30.0 32.7 24.7 17.8 28.5 16.4 20.8 17.8 5.9 22.5 1,490 1,480 585 1,320 1,840 1,950 1,520 1,090 1,700 1,010 1,240 1,090 16,300 284 WATER KESOURCES OF HAWAII. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 2, NEAR HtrELO, MAUI. Station No. 2 on Spreckels ditch is 75 feet east of Kolea Stream No. 2 and about 7| miles by trail southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office). It was established November 6, 1911. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of feet, is fastened to the left bank and is used for obtaining gage heights. Between this station and station No. 1 water is taken into the ditch from Ulawina Stream and Kolea Stream No. 1. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. 1 , near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 15 J. B. Stewart Feet. 7.4 7.3 7.5 Sq.ft. 10.1 12.2 12.8 Feet. 1.65 1.86 1.90 Sec.-ft. 25.2 20 do 35.1 Dec. 16 do 34.8 Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 2, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. [Kumagai, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1.18 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.00 1.30 1.38 1.88 1.25 1.15 11 0.78 .73 1.73 1.93 1.60 1.13 1.88 1.70 1.90 1.98 1.05 1.03 1.38 1.90 1.78 1.93 1.83 1.90 1.90 1.93 21 1.88 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.45 1.25 1.18 1.93 1.68 1.33 1.65 2 12 22 1.48 3 13 23 1.28 4 14 24 1.20 5 15 25 1.13 6 0.90 .95 1.40 .90 .80 16 26 1.03 7 17 27 1.00 8 18 28 1.00 9 19 29 1.28 10 20 30 1.23 31 1.15 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 2, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 11 9 9 7.9 6.8 14 16 35 12 • 10 U 2.9 2.4 28 38 23 10 35 27 36 40 7.9 7.4 16 36 30 37 32 36 36 37 21 35 36 36 35 18 12 U 38 26 15 25 2 12 22 20 3 13 23 14 4 14 24 11 5 15 25 10 6 4.8 5.8 17 4.8 3.2 16 26 7.4 7 17 27 6.8 8 18 28 6.8 9 19 29 14 10 20 .30 12 31 10 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined between 20 and 40 second- feet. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at Btation No. 2, near Huelo, Maui, for Nov. 6 to Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maxim nm. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 6-30 40 37 2.4 6.8 21.6 17.5 1,070 1,080 C. a ISLAND OF MAUI. 285 SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 3, NEAR HUELO, MAXn. Station No. 3 on Spreckels ditch, which is about 300 feet east of Haipuaena Stream and about 6f miles by trail southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office), was established December 18, 1910. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of feet is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. Measurements are made from a board about 100 feet below the gage. The discharge at this station shows the quantity of water that is emptied into Haipuaena Stream by Spreckels ditch. Between this station and Station No. 2 the ditch receives inflow from Kolea streams Nos. 2 and 3. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. S, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Jan 20 C. H. Pierce Feet. 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.8 Sq.ft. 5.6 6.7 9.7 9.8 Feet. 1.28 1.50 2.16 2.30 See.-ft. 13 6 Apr. 3 Nov. 15 do 17.9 J. B. Stewart 31.0 Dec. 17 do 34.5 Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 3, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11, [Tom Pahukoa and Kumagai, observers.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. I 11.. 12.. 13.. 1910. 21 .. 1910. 1 3 2 22 1.4 3 23 1.4 4 - 24 2.7 5 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 25 6 26 2.7 7 27 2 3 g 1.1 1.3 1.1 28 1.9 9 29 1.4 10 - - 30 -. r.33 31 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2.2 2.07 1.62 2.24 2.60 2.11 2.00 1.71 1.53 2.44 1.45 2.30 2.35 2.10 1.82 1.94 1.70 1.57 1.40 1.25 2.67 2.69 2.55 2.68 2.40 2.70 2.40 2.74 2.78 3.30 2.10 1.90 1.64 1.87 1.75 1.64 1.55 1.44 1.39 1.49 1.87 1.52 1.42 1.34 1.20 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.17 1.10 1.04 1.01 1.18 1.24 1.20 1.18 1.14 1.84 1.34 1.65 2.47 1.47 1.35 1.31 1.28 1.32 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.02 1.00 .97 .83 .74 .87 L94 1.93 2.61 2.20 1.89 1.98 1.87 1.90 2.01 2.07 2.20 2.24 2.24 2.18 1.94 1.97 1.91 2.24 2.25 2.10 2.10 2.32 1.92 2.45 1.45 2.05 2.45 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.55 2.30 2.35 2.35 2.15 2.10 2.20 2.15 2.05 2.25 2.10 2.15 2.20. 2.10 2.20 2.15 2.00 2.35 2.20 2.23 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.20 2.40 2.30 2.15 2.10 2.50 2.15 1.90 1.75 rfeo L75 1.35 1.63 1.85 1.28 1.30 1.73 1.10 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.10 1.20 1.60 1.20 1.20 1.25 2.15 2.18 2.33 1.90 1.75 2.30 1.78 1.88 1.55 1.43 2.30 2.35 2.15 1.75 2.60 2.25 1.88 1.83 2.25 1.90 2.28 2.28 2.10 2.30 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.25 2.33 2.'-30 2.20 1.98 1.80 1.63 1.53 1.43 1.43 1.40 1.65 1.33 1.28 L20 1.00 .98 .98 .93 .95 .98 1.28 1.90 1.20 1.08 1.03 .98 2.25 2.30 2.10 1.60 2.35 2.18 2.28 2.22 1.60 2 1.45 3 1.45 4 1.38 5 1.33 6 1.85 7 1.85 8 1.28 9 1.70 10 1.65 11 1.40 12.t 1.40 13 1.83 14 2.43 15 2.40 16 2.28 17 2.28 18 2.30 19 ao. 2.30 2.30 286 WATEK RESOUBCES OF HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. S, near Huelo, Maui, for J910-ii— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 1.25 1.27 1.18 2.45 2.34 1.85 2.65 2.61 2.47 2.10 2.64 1.22 1.20 1.18 2.10 1.47 1.37 2.75 2.35 1.42 1.19 1.12 1.09 1.21 1.84 1.32 1.19 1.10 1.42 1.95 2.84 2.45 3.10 2.09 2.84 2.64 2.09 1.95 1.97 1.95 2.34 2.49 2.30 2.00 1.94 2.11 2.05 1.89 2.20 1.84 1.83 2.15 2.10 1.90 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.20 2.15 1.90 2.20 1.60 1.80 1.90 1.50 1.40 1.38 1.40 1.28 1.20 1.28 1.18 1.55 1.25 1.43 2.33 2.25 2.15 2.00 1.65 3.00 2.25 2.05 2.30 2.30 2.48 2.35 2.30 2.45 2.35 1.30 2.30 2.90 1.25 1.20 1.18 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.18 1.03 1.10 1.03 2.33 2.43 2.30 2.28 1.95 1.90 1.55 2.33 2.20 1.80 2.15 22 1.98 23 1.70 24 1.65 25 1.50 26 1.40 27 1.35 28 1.30 29 1.73 30 1.70 31 1.55 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 3, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 14 2 12 22 16 3 13 23 16 4 14 24 44 5 15 25 44 6 16 26 44 7 ' 17 27 34 8 ' 18 11 14 11 28 25 9 19 29 16 10 .... 20 30 15 1 31 23 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 32 29 20 33 42 30 27 21 18 38 16 34 36 30 23 26 21 19 16 13 13 13 12 38 35 24 43 42 39 30 43 44 44 41 44 37 44 37 46 47 62 30 25 20 24 22 20 18 16 16 17 13 12 12 30 17 15 46 36 24 18 16 14 12 12 11 11 11 12 11 10 9.9 12 13 12 12 12 24 14 16 12 11 11 13 24 14 12 11 16 26 20 39 17 15 14 14 14 12 11 11 10 9.8 9.4 8.0 7.2 8.4 26 26 42 32 48 38 56 30 48 43 30 26 26 26 25 27 24 25 27 29 32 33 33 32 26 26 25 33 33 30 30 35 25 38 36 39 34 27 26 30 28 25 32 24 24 16 28 38 36 34 33 41 34 36 36 31 30 32 31 28 33 30 31 32 30 31 30 25 30 31 32 32 31 25 32 32 31 27 36 32 33 32 31 30 32 37 34 31 30 40 31 25 22 19 22 19 23 25 18 16 15 16 14 12 14 12 15 20 24 14 14 22 11 10 10 10 11 12 19 12 12 13 31 32 35 25 18 13 16 35 33 31 27 20 53 33 28 22 34 23 25 18 16 34 36 31 22 42 33 25 24 33 25 34 34 30 34 34 34 39 36 34 38 36 14 34 50 33 33 33 34 34 33 35 34 32 27 23 20 18 16 16 16 20 14 14 12 13 12 12 11 12 12 11 12 10 11 10 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.2 9.5 14 25 12 11 10 9.5 33 34 30 18 36 32 34 32 33 38 34 34 26 . 25 18 35 32 23 19 2 16 3 16 4 15 5 14 6 24 7 24 8 14 9 21 10 20 11 16 12 13 16 24 14 38 15 37 16 34 17 34 18 34 19 34 20 34 21 31 22 27 23 21 24 20 25 18 26 16 27 15 28 14 29 22 30 21 31 18 a Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined below 40 second-feet. ISLAND OF MAUI. 287 Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. S, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 44 11 23.3 647 43 12 27.6 1,700 62 12 29.8 1,660 26 9.9 14.1 867 56 7.2 23.9 1,420 39 24 29.5 1,810 41 16 31.3 1,860 40 12 25.5 1,570 53 10 21.3 1,310 50 14 30.8 1,830 35 10 20.1 1,240 38 9.0 22.8 1,360 38 14 22.8 1,400 62 7.2 24.9 18,000 Accu- racy. 1910. December 18-31 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 4, NEAR HITELO, MTTAI. Station No. 4 on Spreckels ditch was established December 18, 1910. It is about 300 feet below the trail crossing and ditch intake at Haipuaena Stream, and about 6i miles southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated into tenths of feet, is fastened to the right bank. Measurements are made from a log across the ditch about 125 feet above the gage. The discharge at this station shows the amount of water turned into Puahakamoa Stream by Spreckels ditch. The flow of Hai- puaena Stream at low and medium stages is picked up by the ditch between stations 3 and 4. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo, Maui, in 1910-11. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. 1910. Dec. 17 C. H. Pierce Feet. 4.0 5.0 4.5 7.1 Sq.ft. 6.3 6.6 7.2 13.3 Feet. 0.92 1.00 1.33 1.80 See.-ft. 14.3 1911. Jan. 21 .do 16 2 Apr. 3 Nov. 15 do 26.8 J. B. Stewart 34 1 288 WATEE RESOURCES OP HAW AH. Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Htielo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Tom Pahnkoa and Kumagal, observers.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 - 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 1910. 21... 1910. 1.00 2 22 1.10 3 23 1.10 4 24 1.90 5 25 1 95 6 26 2,00 1.70 7 27 8 0.90 1.00 .90 28 1.40 9 29 1.40 10 , -- 30 1.23 31 1 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1.73 1.60 1.34 2.00 1.82 1.60 1.49 1.32 1.20 2.14 2.20 1.75 1.80 1.61 1.35 1.61 1.40 1.30 1.12 1.02 1.00 1.01 .93 1.84 1.65 1.47 2.24 1.67 1.49 1.30 2.20 2.24 2.25 1.95 2.25 1.85 2.35 1.94 2.24 2.00 2.eo 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.53 1.42 1.30 1.22 1.18 1.10 1.23 1.01 .90 .88 1.85 1.20 1.10 2.00 1.90 1.64 1.34 1.18 1.04 .99 .95 .91 .87 .83 .94 .83 .75 .71 .79 .81 .79 .74 .71 1.64 1.10 1.18 .80 .71 .78 .98 1.42 1.12 .83 .81 1.19 1.71 1.34 1.87 1.32 1.21 1.10 1.02 1.10 .91 .81 80 .75 .71 .69 .68 .65 .67 1.75 1.73 1.90- 1.71 1.90 1.85 2.10 1.84 2.15 1.74 1.71 1.70 1.60 1.49 1.47 1.75 1.69 1.67 1.61 1.74 1.84 1.84 2.00 1.84 1.74 1.70 1.69 1.80 1.85 1.74 1.72 1.64 1.49 1.80 1.73 1.70 L69 1.49 1.43 1.65 1.47 1.40 1.72 1.40 1.25 1.15 1.60 1.80 1.80 1.73 1.65 1.85 1.80 1.70 1.63 1.50 1.45 1.60 1.50 1.45 1.73 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.63 1.70 1.65 1.55 1.65 1.63 1.85 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.83 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.70 1.76 1.75 1.73 1.63 1.75 1.90 1.85 1.75 1.70 1.90 1.73 1.60 1.45 1.35 1.45 1.30 1.45 1.55 1.30 1.30 1.18 1.20 .98 .93 1.00 .90 1.18 1.35 1.43 .98 1.00 .88 .83 .75 .75 .73 .80 .90 1.30 .93 .90 L70 L70 1.70 2.15 1.53 1.38 .95 1.18 1.83 1.76 1.70 1.58 1.40 3.30 1.80 1.63 Lie 1.80 1.18 1.50 1.30 1.18 1.83 1.90 1.65 1.40 1.93 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.78 1.50 l.ZO 1.80 1.65 1.90 1.78 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.70 2.10 1.90 1.85 1.78 2.10 1.70 1.70 1.78 L73 1.68 1.73 1.88 1.75 1.70 1.60 1.45 1.35 1.25 1.18 1.18 1.13 1.35 1.08 LOO .93 .98 .90 .85 .80 .90 .90 .80 .78 .73 .80 .70 a65 .65 .65 .60 .63 .93 .98 1.55 .90 .88 .73 .65 L78 1.85 1.70 L28 L90 1.73 1.93 L90 L93 2.08 1.75 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.38 1 93 1.78 L50 1.33 2 1.20 1.10 4 1.13 1.10 1.80 7 1.43 8 1.83 9 1.40 1.28 1.15 12 1.13 1.50 14 2.10 2.00 1.93 17 1.83 18 1.98 19 1.90 20 1.80 21 1.63 22 1.50 23 1.38 24 1.33 25 1.23 26 1.10 27 1.08 23 1.03 29 1.40 30 1.33 31 L28 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of SprecJcels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 16 2 ' ^ 12 22 18 3 13 23 18 4 14 24 40 5 15 25 42 6 16 26 43 7 17 27 34 8 18 14 16 14 28 25 9 19 29 25 10 20 :.. 30 20 31 >28 a Discharge intrapcdated. ISLAND OF MAUI. 289 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo, Maui, for i9i0-ii— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 35 31 23 43 37 31 28 22 20 47 49 36 37 31 23 31 25 22 18 16 16 16 14 38 32 27 50 33 28 22 49 50 50 41 50 38 53 41 50 43 43 37 31 25 29 25 22 20 20 18 20 16 14 14 38 20 18 43 40 32 23 20 17 16 15 14 13 12 15 12 11 10 12 12 12 11 10 32 18 20 12 10 12 16 25 18 12 12 20 34 23 39 22 20 18 16 18 14 12 12 11 10 9.8 9.6 9.0 9.4 35 35 40 34 40 38 46 3S 47 35 34 34 31 28 27 35 34 33 31 35 38 38 43 38 35 34 34 37 38 35 34 32 28 37 35 34 34 28 26 32 27 25 34 25 21 19 31 37 37 35 32 38 37 34 32 28 26 31 28 26 35 31 32 32 32 34 32 29 32 32 38 34 34 31 34 38 34 31 37 34 35 35 35 32 35 40 38 35 34 40 35 31 26 23 26 22 26 29 22 20 20 20 16 14 16 14 20 23 26 16 16 14 12 11 11 10 12 14 22 14 14 34 34 34 47 29 25 15 20 38 36 34 31 25 85 37 32 18 37 20 28 22 20 38 40 32 25 41 34 28 28 36 28 34 37 32 40 36 40 40 40 34 46 40 38 36 46 34 34 36 35 33 35 39 35 34 28 26 23 21 20 20 19 23 18 16 14 16 14 13 12 14 14 12 12 10 12 10 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.8 15 16 29 14 14 10 9.0 37 38 34 21 40 35 41 40 41 45 35 37 31 25 24 41 36 28 23 2 20 3 18 4 18 5 18 6 28 26 8 38 9 25 10 22 11 19 12 18 13 28 14 46 15 43 16 41 17 38 18 42 19 40 20 37 21 32 22 28 23 25 24 22 25 20 26 18 27 18 28 16 29 25 30 23 31 22 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. 4, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean, Eun-ofiF (total in acre-feet). Aceu racy. 1910 December 18-31 1911, January February March April May .Tune July August September October November December The year 25.2 14 14 10 9.0 21 19 14 10 18 10 8.5 16 30.0 32.5 16.3 25.6 32.8 32.1 28.8 25.5 33.8 22.0 26.0 27.0 1,840 1,800 1,000 1,520 2,020 1,910 1,770 1,570 2,010 1,350 1,550 1,660 8.5 27.6 20,000 74323°— wsp 318—13- -19 290 WATER RESOURCES OP HAWAH. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 5, NEAR HXJELO, MAT7I. Station No. 5 on Spreckels ditcli is about 150 feet above the ditch- man's house at Alo division weir and about 5 miles by trail southeast of Kailua (Huelo post office). The station was established November 6, 1911. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of a foot, is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. Measurements are made from a log across the ditch at the gage. The discharge at this station shows the amount of water turned into Alo Stream below the station on the stream. Between this station and station No. 4 the ditch receives the combined flow of Puahakamoa and several other smaller streams at low and medium stages. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. 5, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 10 14 J. B . Stewart Feet. 7.4 7.8 7.3 8.0 7.4 Sq.ft. 10.2 17.7 10.4 20.2 13.1 Feet. 0.98 2.06 1.07 2.38 1.40 Sec.-Jl. 16.2 .do. 41.9 14 .do 19.4 20 do 52.5 Dec 5 do 26.8 Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 5, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. [Tokunaga, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. I 1.95 1.74 1.55 1.68 1.40 2.24 2.00 2.45 2.04 1.90 11 0.90 .76 2.44 2.56 2.38 1.88 2.54 2.40 2.54 2.38 1.63 1.49 2.20 2.42 2.39 2.19 2.36 2.42 2.40 2.30 21 2.50 2.43 2.36 2.38 2.30 2.10 1.88 2.46 2.34 2.22 2 24 2 12 22 2.22 3 13 23 2.00 4 14 24 2.21 5 15 25 1.75 6 1.05 1.12 2.27 1.20 .94 16 26 1.58 7 17 27 1.48 8 18 28 1.48 9 ^ 19 29 2 10 10 20 30 1.80 31 1.94 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No . 5, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911 . Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 40 34 29 32 26 48 41 54 42 38 11 16 13 54 58 53 38 58 53 58 53 31 28 47 53 53 47 52 53 53 50 21 56 54 52 53 50 44 38 54 52 48 48 2 12 22 47 3 13 23 41 4 14 24 47 5 15 25 34 6 19 20 48 22 17 16 26 30 7 17 27 28 8 18 28 28 9 19 29 44 10 20 30 35 31 40 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined. ISLAND OF MAUI. 291 Monthly discharge of Spreckek ditch at station No. 5, near Huelo, Maui, for Nov. 6 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 6-30 58 54 13 28 43.2 41.1 2,140 2,530 A. A. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 6, NEAR HITELO, MAUL Station No. 6 on Spreckels ditch is about 115 feet below the intake of Kolea Stream west of Waikamoi, and aboat 4 miles by trail from Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated into tenths of a foot, is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. Measurements are made from a log across the ditch about 10 feet above the gage. Between this station and Station No. 5, Spreckels ditch receives the combined flow of Alo, Waikamoi, and Kolea streams at low and medium stages, and also one-third of the water of Koolau ditch, which enters the Spreckels ditch below the Alo division weir. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydmsgrapher. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 2 J. B. Stewart Feet. 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.7 7.0 Sq.ft. 8.8 10.4 9.8 5.9 11.3 Feet. 1.00 1.26 1.20 0.60 1.41 Sec.-ft. 26.8 10 do 38.5 11 do 37.5 Dec. 7 do 16.4 7 ..do 44.6 Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. [Tokunaga, observer.] . Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 1.21 1.58 1.57 1.37 1.30 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.35 11 1.15 1.02 1.45 1.58 1.65 1.67 1.62 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.42 1.42 1.43 1.45 1.40 1.49 1.48 1.4S 1.48 1.48 21 1.68 1.68 1.57 1.59 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.49 1.26 1.26 1.47 2 12 22 1.47 3 13 23 1.47 4 14 24 1.51 5 15 25 1.48 6 1.26 1.50 1.62 1.42 1.22 16 26 1.47 7 17 27 1.47 8 18 28 1.46 9 19 29 1.47 10 20 30 1.48 31 1.47 292 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreclcels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 35 54 53 42 39 44 44 44 43 42 11 33 29 46 54 58 59 56 58 58 58 45 45 46 46 44 48 48 48 48 48 21 60 60 53 54 56 54 54 48 37 37 48 2 12 22 48 3 13 23 48 4 14 24 50 5 15 25 48 6 37 49 56 45 36 16 26 48 7 17 27 48 8 18 28 47 9 19 29 48 10 20 30 .... 48 31 48 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly vrell defined below 50 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. 6, near Huelo, Maui, for Nov. 6 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Bun-off (total ia acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 6-30 60 54 29 35 49.8 46.3 2,470 2,850 B. December A. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 7, NEAK HTTELO, MAUI. Station No, 7 on Spreckels ditch is located about 40 feet below the lower portal of the first tunnel west of Oopuola Stream and about If miles east of Kailua (Huelo post office). It was established Novem- ber 6, 1911. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of a foot, is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. Measurements are made from a log across the ditch 12 feet below the gage. Between this station and station No. 6 Spreckels ditch receives •the combined flow of Pohakuhame, Punaluu, Kaaiea, Makanale, and Oopuola streams at low and medium stages. Water may be turned out of the ditch at Oopuola Stream when so desired and picked up again by Center ditch at a lower elevation. Discharge measurements of Spreckels ditch at station No. 7, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov 9 J. B . Stewart Feet. 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.9 Sq.ft. 10.9 9.8 11.6 5.8 9.7 9.7 Feet. 1.65 1.47 1.82 0.95 1.00 1.00 Sec.-ft. 46.1 11 do 40.7 13 do 54.7 do . 20.1 7 do 20.4 13 do . 22.0 ISLAND OF MAUI. 293 Daily gage height, in feet, of SprecTcels ditch at station No. 7.,^near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. [John Pacheco, observer.] Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 11 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.9 1.95 1.8 2.2 1.95 0.95 .9 1.0 1.15 1.0 1.1 ""\.2 1.2 1.2 21 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.95 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 2 12 22 1.2 3 13 23 1.15 4 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.35 1.0 14 24 5 15 25 6 1.2 16 26 1.1 7 . ... 17 27 1.1 8 1.8 1.6^ 1.5 18 28 1.1 9 19 29 1.15 10 20 1.85 30 1.1 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 7, near Huelo, for 1911. Maui, Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 a 30 a 25 o23 21 21 28 21 34 21 a 20 11 36 32 65 60 62 55 75 62 60 58 19 18 21 26 21 24 a 26 28 28 28 21 65 62 60 62 55 55 50 O50 45 a 40 28 2 12 22 28 3 13 23 26 4 14 15 24 o26 5 . 25 o24 6 28 a 42 55 48 40 16 26 24 7 17 27 24 8 18 28 24 9 19 29 26 10 20 30 24 31 o24 o Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined below 60 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Spreckels ditch at station No. 7, near Huelo, Maui, for Nov. 6 to Dec. SI, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. November 6-30 75 34 28 18 52.9 24.5 2,620 1,510 B. B. Note.— Water was wasted at Oopuola spillway during December. SPRECKELS DITCH AT STATION NO. 8, NEAR HTTELO, MAUI, Station No. 8 on Spreckels ditch was established November 8, 1911, about 275 feet above the weir outlet into the Papaaea reservoir 1 mUe east of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot, is fastened to the right bank and is used for obtaining gage heights. Measurements are made from a plank across the ditch at th:^ gage. During the latter part of 1911 water was turned out of Spreckels ditch above this station and picked up by Center ditch below. 294 WATEE EESOUECES OF HAW AH. Discharge measurements of SprecJcels ditch at station No. 8, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 7 J.B.Stewart Feet. 6.5 6.4 6.5 Sq.ft. 14.4 14.4 17.0 Feet. 2.09 2.11 2.41 Sec.-ft. 45.8 9 do 45.2 13 do 58 Daily gage height, in feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 8, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Day. Nov. Day. Nov. Day. Nov. 1 11 2.02 21 2.55 2 12 22 2.52 3 13 2.45 2.70 2.50 2.32 2.75 2.50 23 2.40 4 1.61 14 24 2.50 5 15 25 2.30 6 , 16 26 7 2.10 2. .30 1 17 27 2.20 8 18 28 9 2.10 19 29 10 1.95 20 2.35 30 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Spreckels ditch at station No. 8, near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Day. Nov. Day. Nov. Day. Nov. 1 11 42 o51 60 74 63 53 77 63 a 59 55 21 65 2 12 22 63 3 13 23 58 4 .. 32 36 40 45 53 45 40 14 24 63 5 15 25 53 6 16 26 a 51 7 17 27 49 8 18 .. . 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 a Discharge interpolated. Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. Owing to a break in the ditch no water was carried past this station from Nov. 28 to Dec. 31, 1911. CENTER DITCH REGION. CENTER DITCH NEAR HUELO, MAITI. Center ditcTi region includes that part of the ditch country of East Maui below Spreckels ditch east of Nailiilihaele Stream and west of Honomanu. Center ditch is an extension of Lowrie ditch east of Naihilihaele Stream. It takes up water from the streams which originate below or pass Spreckels ditch. A staff gage, graduated iq inches, is used by the Hawaiian Com- mercial & Sugar Co. to obtain the daily stage of the ditch. This gage is located near the ditchman's house, about 3 miles by trail from Kailua (Huelo post ojB&ce) . It is between Kolea and Punaluu streams. ISLAND OP MAUI. 295 Current meter measurements are made from a plank across the ditcli at the gage. The gage-height records for 1910-11 were furnished by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. Discharge measurements of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 16 J.B.Stewart Feet. 8.4 7.5 8.9 12.0 9.4 Sq.ft. 18.5 10.9 18.7 41.6 24.7 Indies. 26J 18§ 29i 55i 37i Sec.-ft. 54.5 Dec. 5 do 25.3 7 do 48.0 8 do 96.6 13 do 66.1 Note. — An additional measurement made early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. Daily gage height, in inches, of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. 1910. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 •. . . 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1911. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 19J 49 6 42} 26} 434 174 144 21 414 4 13 m 9 40| 49} 45} 17} 10} 144 51} 4 9 47 424 40i 444 434 23 464 25 53 4 26f 45J 49i 42f 49 44i 47 55 20 48} 27 41J 44i 36 42 47 44} 44J 49 19 324 4 37i 40J 36 41f 46} 434 39f 454 13 43 4 351- 34i 41 47 48i 45 42f 42 9 384 44 27i 28 314 49 444 45 354 384 9} 354 4 164 23§ 23 444 454 44i 444 294 414 54 47} 4 20J 20 18 414 43} 24i 35} 4} 504 4} 39 17* 17 39 43 484 324 294 44 38} 4 46J 36i 11 323 39} 48 34.. 38 44 28 4 41f 44 7* 27 35 514 21 47} 44 234 34 41i 32 8 254 284 49 29} 484 4 15* 3} 42 24 6 22i 334 54 50} 424 4 10} 3 42 19 5 174 464 50 494 33} 5 12 34 43i IH ^ 36} 394 47 44} 26} 4 134 30} 44i m 5 484 42 48 414 25} 4 6 434 44 2ii 21 41 454 464 39 23 4 5 41 42 8f 42 36 424 48 34 51 4 54 18} 47i 28 43i 354 37 49f 28 454 4 25* 10 45i 474 424 274 304 47 244 40} 4 284 54 45 404 47 284 m 43 23 424 4} 444 224 45J 304 44 42 364 334 19 44} S 214 48 43i 224 424 434 28 354 32 51 4 «4 22 41 164 424 50 25} 251 214 43 4 4} 9 48 15 42i 42 18i 29 20 414 4 4 54 26i 13 40 354 154 224 15 47 154 8} 274 44 374 28 i'A 25 11 36 6} 124 584 48 324 194 10 20} 13 27} 52} 4} 54 49J 444 54 234 22 4 41J 47 37 294 43 184 384 124 33 47} 4 39i 53 28 29f S3 38 40} 26} 39 48 3} 26i 51 20i 29 414 43f 36| 18 32 52 3} 52 52 154 16J 26J 47 45 94 30 51 34 51J 50i 12 94 294 SO 42} 10} 254 50} 34 29§ 43 8^ 64 48 454 434 44 174 384 5 28 424 «* H 41} 484 44 4} 43 504 54 25 464 6 54 33 4V4 424 4} 62} 48* 33} 20§ 45 13 5 52 48 40 64 49 50} 10 56 444 9i 8 m 51} 424 64 344 51 5 52 344 54 8 44 45} 46 8} 54 46} 5} S3J 42 5 74 44 434 46 8} 524 39 4} 53 41 4i 7 424 46} 43} 25} 40 334 29 46i 36 54 6} 534 454 40} S 374 334 52} 42 294 16 34 524 41i 44} 4 44 304 524 574 484 39 41} 94 124 15 11 104 5} 7} 13} 12} 104 84 114 54 54 164 6 55 31 324 374 40 28 214 32} 324 25 18} 214 194 474 37} 554 44 34 294 21 424 544 56 296 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily gage height, in inches, of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 30 28 22i 13 11 J 9i 11 9 47* 47" 36 52J 50i 39* 33|- 46* 14J 13 13f lOf 16 Hi n 18 17 lOi 35 44i 9i 3i 3 23 21J 4 12 3i 3 3 2J m 8i 2i 2i 34i 3 43i 39i 36 40i 36J 33i 40 49J 46J 47i 45J 51 42i 35f 48i 46 47i 42 40J 41| 41 47 40J 33J 33J 34i 33i 39J 30| 27 45 40i 39 44i 42i 44i 34i 3ia 35J 40i 42 41J U\ 33i 44i 36 28-J 24J 36 23 25J 36 22 175 15 17J 11 9h 6i 6J 46i 43i 28J 54 44 25i 21 15i 48i 52J 50} 36J 28 48 53i 47i 39 40J 43 43a 52 50i 53i 53i 51i 48i 5 If 49 50i 471 56i 26i 37 25 21J 19J 19i 17i 5a 5 5§ 10 4| 4i 4i 4 4 26i 504 49i 47} 50J 50i 50J 43 314 28i 55i 52J 45 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 28 15 8.5 44 77 68 64 45 22 30 71 86 78 77 78 78 81 83 82 78 88 85 84 85 80 76 89 86 82 89 90 78 72 42 93 92 50 46 40 30 97 90 90 87 85 83 76 62 46 36 29 24 66 82 55 37 27 20 24 32 8.2 46 88 75 52 34 22 19 15 87 94 92 93 91 80 79 86 84 83 4.9 8.5 79 91 65 65 76 54 35 25 23 11 6.6 7.2 4.9 3.9 3.6 3.9 31 78 80 79 87 82 79 79 78 74 68 56 83 67 46 30 20 13 8.2 5.8 4.9 15 8.9 78 76 76 80 78 78 87 90 83 77 71 57 44 41 34 24 66 90 76 65 64 45 47 78 81 91 78 64 46 28 50 50 48 22 9.2 5.4 4.6 4.4 3.9 7.2 42 90 83 90 87 86 90 83 85 80 80 72 63 47 59 86 72 78 85 79 67 52 46 40 26 20 14 10 95 80 94 77 44 50 89 76 58 93 88 81 84 81 84 82 81 84 84 84 83 90 89 92 90 95 91 87 89 86 89 91 87 80 59 64 42 48 34 40 30 26 69 82 87 91 85 90 88 89 92 24 24 35 87 84 73 80 64 50 39 56 62 31 50 91 90 82 77 71 60 46 38 35 27 55 32 29 19 11 15 36 70 74 66 84 78 81 82 79 74 79 18 10 86 96 90 85 78 70 77 64 50 69 88 90 79 60 42 40 35 92 85 74 •79 84 92 80 77 87 65 44 33 14 42 25 9.2 11 3.4 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.4 31 18 40 29 47 15 8.5 9.7 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 20 5.2 94 58 71 55 51 41 24 80 94 90 62 77 92 94 90 56 80 70 64 88 92 70 46 36 20 10 13 16 4.9 3.9 4.4 41 47 83 32 7.8 3.6 2.9 7.5 14 3.6 2.9 88 89 93 92 92 70 92 90 92 92 2.9 2.9 2.9 44 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 52 81 76 26 10 4.4 34 89 33 8.5 4.4 45 98 95 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 3.9 4.4 58 10 3.9 98 2 90 3 71 4 90 5 76 C 76 7 9.2 8 14 9 19 10 11 11 10 12 4.2 13 0.0 14 6.3 15 16 16 14 17 10 18 7.8 19 12 20 4.4 21 4.4 22 22 23 4.9 24 96 25 53 26 56 27 68 28 74 29 46 30 32 31 56 1911. 1... . ... 56 2 40 3 26 4 32 5 28 6 88 7 68 8 96 9 82 10 60 ISLAND OF MAUI. 297 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 11 93 95 94 SO 78 51 40 34 15 12 9.2 11 8.5 88 87 05 94 92 72 60 86 62 78 76 65 50 18 15 16 11 21 12 16 6.9 25 23 10 63 83 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.4 21 8.9 2.4 2.0 35 32 2.9 13 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 12 7.8 1.4 1.4 61 7.2 6.6 6.0 4.2 2.4 2.0 81 72 65 74 66 59 74 91 86 88 84 92 78 64 82 82 79 95 94 89 86 88 78 75 78 76 87 76 59 59 62 58 73 52 44 86 81 86 85 78 84 75 71 83 78 90 83 61 54 64 75 78 77 61 58 86 86 80 76 84 83 65 48 38 65 35 41 65 33 24 19 24 11 9.2 5.4 5.4 8.2 8.2 40 3.9 2.9 86 80 47 95 82 41 31 20 89 94 92 66 46 89 94 88 95 94 74 68 82 71 75 80 82 93 92 94 94 92 90 93 90 91 88 97 87 71 59 59 52 42 67 40 32 28 28 24 4.6 3.9 4.4 10 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.9 4.2 3.6 48 93 94 43 92 90 88 89 92 91 91 90 80 54 47 96 94 84 50 12 31 13 79 14 96 15 97 10 97 17 . 96 18 96 19 96 20 . . 95 21 94 2'' 89 23 57 86 25 49 26. . . 35 30 28 27 29 77 30 44 31 55 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined above 20 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Center ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-teet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 1910. 90 90 91 91 95 95 91 96 94 94 98 98 8.5 8.2 3.6 24 10 30 11 10 2.9 2.9 2.0 4.2 68.6 50.4 49.1 66.4 65.4 76.7 50.7 68.4 11.9 41.0 24.7 37.1 4,220 2,800 3,020 3,950 4,020 4,560 3,120 4,210 708 2,520 1,470 2,280 A. February A. B. A. May A. A. Julv A. A. C. October B. C. B. The year 98 2.0 50.9 36,900 1911. 97 94 67 92 95 92 86 95 97 93 96 97 8.5 6.9 1.4 2.0 44 26 5.4 2.9 24 2.9 2.4 26 61.8 54.3 14.3 43.6 74.9 76.9 56.5 42.8 78.7 49.0 51.9 66.1 3,800 3,020 879 2,590 4,610 4,580 3,470 2,630 4,680 3,010 3,090 4,060 A. A. March C. C. Mav A. A. July A. C. September A. B. C. December A. 97 1.4 55.8 40,400 298 WATEE RESOUECES OF HAW AH. HAMAKUA DITCH REGION. GENERAL FEATXTRES. The Hamakua ditch region includes that part of the ditch country of East Maui west of Nailiilihaele Stream. Five ditches at different levels are used to convey the water from this region to the cane fields on the isthmus of Maui. In order of elevation they are Haiku, Lowrie, Old Hamakua, New Hamakua, and Kailuanui ditches. They cross about 20 gulches east of Maliko, all of which have more or less water at all times and large quantities after storms. The Hamakua ditch proper begins at Nailiilihaele Stream. From the Alo division weir to the Nailiilihaele two-thirds of the water from the Koolau ditch is carried by the Hamakua ditch extension. No water is taken into this ditch between these two pomts. The old Hamakua ditch, built by H. P. Baldwin and Sam Alexander in 1876-78, started from the main branch of the Nailiilihaele at a much higher elevation than the present intake of the new Hamakua ditch. It was of irregular grade, dropping mto gulches and takmg out again farther down, fuially delivering the water to the lands of the Haiku Sugar Co. and the Paia plantation at an elevation of 850 feet. The total length of the ditch was 34 miles and its capacity 40 second-feet. The new Hamakua ditch, starting at an elevation of 1,190 feet, has a regular grade of 5 feet to the mile and a length of 16 miles. Its maximum capacity is 120 second-feet. The two ditches cross in Hoolawanui Stream, just east of Lupi. All of the measurements made in this region have been made near the trails which follow these two ditches. NAILIILIHAELE STREAM NEAR HUELO, MAUI. Nailiilihaele is one of the largest of the streams supplying water to the East Maui ditches. It rises far up on the northern slope of Haleakala, where the rainfall is heavy. The total flow of the stream at low stages is taken by the new Hamakua ditch; at higher stages water passes down the stream to the Lowrie and Haiku ditches below. The gaging station was established on Nailiilihaele Stream just above the crossing of new Hamakua ditch, about 1| miles south of Kailua (Huelo post ofhce), December 9, 1910. A staff gage, grad- uated in tenths of feet and consisting of two parts, is fastened to the right bank about 12 feet above the ditch. Only wading measure- ments have been made. The discharge at this pomt gives the total flow of the stream above all diversions. A large tributary from the west joins the mam Nailiilihaele Stream about half a mile above the gaging station. ISLAND OF MAm. 290 Discharge measurements of Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Jan 18 Feet. 21. i Sq.ft. 32.4 Feet. 2.25 Sec.-ft. 20.6 Note. — Additional measurements made early in 1912 were used in determining the rating. Measurements made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Weymura, observer.] Day. Dee. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. l 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 20.. 1910. 21... 1910. 1 86 2 2.35 2.30 2.22 2.20 2.10 2.01 1.92 1.96 1.91 22 1 97 23 1.94 24 4 26 5 25 3 01 26 5 55 27 3 26 g 28 2 90 2.75 29 2 42 ^ 30 2 38 31 3 10 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec 1911. 1 3.45 2.85 2.65 3.35 3.25 2.75 2.70 2.54 2.50 2.60 2.90 2.95 3.20 2.55 2.60 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.18 . 2.08 2.05 2.00 1.95 2.70 2.45 2.35 2.80 3.80 2.60 2.40 2.85 2.80 3.90 3.35 4.30 3.15 4.45 3.15 4.35 4.50 6.25 3.05 2.75 2.60 2.50 2.35 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.05 2.10 2.00 1.95 1.84 1.95 1.92 1.82 3.00 3.75 2.65 2.45 2.20 2.00 1.98 1.86 1.80 1.75 1.71 1.90 1.68 1.62 1.60 1.89 2.15 1.95 1.84 1.75 2.36 2.20 1.82 2.00 1.86 1.90 1.82 1.92 1.80 1.71 1.70 2.04 2.60 2.30 2.35 2.25 2.10 2.05 1.95 1.88 1.80 1.74 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.60 1.60 1.55 1.52 3.10 2.40 2.30 2.70 3.25 3.20 4.25 3.45 3.55 3.45 2.60 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.40 2.65 2.50 2.35 2.25 2.60 2.65 2.50 3.55 3.45 2.70 2.55 2.50 2.85 3.05 3.30 3.05 2.90 2.55 2.55 3.30 3.00 2.65 2.55 2.40 2.50 2.45 2.35 2.65 2.40 2.25 2.20 2.45 2.75 3.25 2.35 3.05 3.30 3.45 3.55 3.55 3.05 2.75 3.05 2.85 2.65 2.75 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.70 2.65 2.70 2.55 2.55 2.60 2.85 2.55 2.60 2.45 2.45 2.90 2.65 2.55 2.65 2.55 2.65 2.60 2.65 2.65 2.75 3.05 3.10 2.55 2.50. 2.90 2.65 2.50 2.35 2.30 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.30 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.05 1.95 1.88 1.80 1.78 1.80 2.08 1.82 1.75 1.68 1.58 1.60 1.60 1.65 1.58 1.60 1.65 2.25 1.68 1.60 2.70 2.55 2.45 3.50 2.45 2.25 2.20 2.10 2.75 2.90 2.75 2.45 2.32 3.30 3.35 2.60 2.42 2.58 2.32 2.30 2.25 2.18 2.70 3.00 2.70 2.45 3.65 2.85 2.55 2.40 2.55 2.38 2.65 3.25 2.58 3.65 3.05 3.45 3.00 3.05 2.80 3.30 3.00 3.15 2.85 4.50 3.05 2.80 2.80 2.90 2.80 2.75 2.85 2.90 2.75 2.60 2.60 2.45 2.28 2.20 2.18 2.12 2.30 2.05 1.92 1.88 1.82 1.82 1.78 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.68 1.62 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.65 1.75 2.35 1.75 1.62 1.62 1.60 2.50 2.90 2.85 2.28 3.20 2.75 2.82 3.00 3.05 3.20 3.05 2.90 2.50 2.35 2.30 3.55 2.80 2.50 2.32 2 2.25 3 2.18 4 2.20 5 2.10 6 2.75 7 2.45 8 2.95 9 2.35 10 2.32 11 2.22 2.18 13 2.28 2.90 15 3.15 16 2.92 2.85 18 3.00 2.92 20 2.82 21 2.70 2.58 23 2.45 2.40 25 2.28 26 2.20 2.12 28 2.15 2.25 30 2.20 31 2.25 300 WATEK RESOUECES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec Day. Dec Day. Dec. 1910. 1 . 1910. 11 a 28 24 22 19 19 17 15 13 14 13 1910. 21 . . 12 9 12 22 14 3 13 23 14 4 14 24 128 5 15 25 48 6 16 26 240 17 27 61 8 1 18 28 .. 43 9 37 a 32 19 29 25 10 20 30 25 31 53 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 73 41 33 67 61 37 35 30 28 31 43 46 58 30 31 24 22 20 20 17 16 15 14 35 26 24 39 95 31 25 41 39 100 67 130 56 145 56 135 150 300 50 37 31 28 24 22 19 18 16 17 15 14 12 14 13 11 48 92 33 26 19 15 15 12 11 10 9.2 13 9.2 7.8 7.8 13 18 14 12 10 24 19 11 15 12 13 11 13 11 9.2 9.2 16 31 22 24 20 17 16 14 13 11 10 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.6 53 25 22 35 61 58 130 73 79 73 31 28 28 28 25 33 28 24 20 31 33 28 79 73 35 30 28 41 50 64 50 43 30 30 C4 48 33 30 25 28 26 24 33 25 20 19 26 37 61 24 50 64 73 79 79 50 37 50 41 33 37 33 33 33 35 33 35 30 30 31 41 30 31 26 26 43 33 30 33 30 33 31 33 33 37 50 53 30 28 43 33 28 24 22 24 22 20 22 19 18 17 16 14 13 11 11 11 17 11 10 9.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.5 7.8 7.8 8.5 20 9.2 7.8 35 30 26 76 26 20 19 17 37 43 37 26 22 64 67 31 25 31 22 22 20 19 35 48 35 26 85 41 30 25 30 25 33 61 31 85 50 73 48 50 39 64 48 56 41 150 50 39 39 43 39 37 41 43 37 31 31 26 22 19 19 17 22 16 13 13 11 11 11 9.2 9.2 10 9.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.5 10 24 10 7.8 7.8 7.8 28 43 41 22 58 37 39 48 50 58 50 43 28 24 22 79 39 28 22 9 20 3 19 4 19 5 17 6 37 7 26 8 46 9 24 10 22 U 19 12 19 13 22 14 43 15 56 16 43 17 41 18 48 19 43 20 39 21 35 •)9 31 23 26 24 25 25 22 26 19 27 17 28 18 29 20 19 31 20 o Discharge interpolated. Note.— Daily discharge computed from a poorly defined rating curve. Discharge applied to nearest half tenth of gage height. ISLAND OF MAUI. 301 Monthly discharge of Nailiilihaele Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofE (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 12 240 39.8 1,820 95 14 35.7 2,200 300 11 59.2 3,290 33 7.8 14.5 892 130 6.6 30.9 1,840 79 20 36.5 2,240 79 19 40.2 2,390 53 11 27.5 1,690 76 7.8 23.5 1,440 150 19 44.9 2,670 50 7.8 22.5 1,380 79 6.6 28.2 1,680 56 17 28.3 1,740 300 6.6 32.4 23,500 Accu- racy. 1910 December 9-31 191L January February March April May June July August September October November December The year KAILTTA STREAM NEAR HITELO, MAUI. Kailua Stream, which is just west of NailiiUhaele Stream, is one of the large streams supplying the East Maui ditches. Its principal tributary is Oanui Stream, which enters it from the west just below new Hamakua ditch. The total flow of Kailua Stream at low stages is taken by the new Hamakua ditch; at higher stages water passes down to the Lowrie and Haiku ditches below. A gaging station was established on this stream about 400 feet above the flume crossing the new Hamakua ditch and about 1 mile above Kailua (Huelo post office) December 8, 1910. A staff gage, graduated into tenths of a foot, is fastened to stones on the left bank. The channel is exceedingly rough near the gage, but smooths out several hundred feet farther upstream, giving a good measuring section. A wire footbridge was built at this place and several measurements made'in January, 1911. The gage heights are affected by the gate openings of the feeder ditch. For this reason it has been necessary to make separate ratings for use according as the intake gate is open or closed. As insufficient measurements were obtained for rating the stream with the intake gate open, estimates have been made only in the case of the gate closed, which give the total flow of the stream above all diversions. No measurements have been obtained at this station since January, 1911. 302 WATER EESOURCES OP HAW AH. Discharge measurements of Kailua Stream near Huelo, Maui, 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Gage section. height. Sq.ft. Feet. 17 2.78 84 3.80 62 3.10 52 2.70 Dis- charge. Jan. Pierce and Schulz do do Pierce and Martin Feel. 47.5 29 25 22 Sec.-ft. 9.6 119 31.6 18.3 a Measurement made by wading on crest of concrete dam at Old Hamakua ditch intake. No water diverted. Note. — Measurements made from bridge several hundred feet above gage, except as noted. New Hama- kua ditch intake closed during the measurements. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kailua Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Weymura, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910.. 1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 2.40 1.80 1.6S 1.60 1.52 1.50 1.46 1.44 1.46 1.40 21... 1910. 1.41 2 22 1.55 3 23 1 42 4 24 3 98 5 25 3 26 6 26 4 65 7 27 3 02 8 4.00 3.72 3.55 28 2 41 9 29 1 75 10 30 1 64 31 3 10 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 3.35 2.75 2.15 4.20 4.25 2.80 2.85 2.52 2.45 3.80 3.00 3.10 3.45 2.75 2.60 1.82 1.88 1.72 1.60 1.58 1.50 1.50 1.45 2.50 2.75 1.72 3.10 3.80 2.50 1.9fl 2.60 3.00 4.50 3.80 4.10 3.25 4.75 3.25 5.50 6.05 7.00 3.15 3.05 2.95 2.70 2.45 1.90 1.82 1.68 1.55 1.58 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.48 1.50 1.48 3.05 3.75 2.90 2.60 1.65 1.52 1.48 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.34 1.42 1.34 1..32 1.30 1.59 1.85 1.62 1.44 1.40 2.25 1.90 1.44 1.44 1.40 1.42 1.41 1.45 1.40 1.38 1.45 1.65 2- as 1.98 2.30 2.20 1.75 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.12 1.10 3.30 2.35 1.95 2.00 3.10 2.55 4.80 4.55 4.55 3.55 2.45 2.65 2.35 2.25 2.40 2.55 2.25 1.95 1.72 2.50 2.35 1.95 3.65 3.35 2.80 2.35 2.25 2.90 3.45 3.40 3.15 3.20 2.65 2.60 3.25 2.95 3.05 2.55 2.42 2.65 2.60 2.35 2.65 1.95 1.82 1.72 1.98 2.20 4.05 3.40 3.45 3.40 3.70 3.65 3.75 3.50 3.10 3.15 3.05 3.85 2.90 2.75 2.65 2.95 2.85 2.75 2.80 2.65 1.88 1.98 3.15 3.05 2.85 2.75 1.90 2.95 3.00 2.75 2.90 2.85 2.90 2.75 2.95 3.00 3.15 3.25 3.25 2.85 2.85 2.90 2.85 2.50 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.60 1.62 1.68 1.60 1.50 1.42 1.40 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.20 1.22 1.32 1.22 1.15 1.10 1.50 1.30 1.30 1.10 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.45 1.12 1.30 2.90 2.60 1.52 4.00 2.55 1.55 1.45 1.42 2.70 3.15 3.05 1.88 1.62 4.15 3.75 2.80 2.08 2.40 1.72 1.62 1.65 1.60 2.85 3.70 2.75 2.22 3.95 3.20 2.50 2.05 2.40 2.10 2.90 3.55 2.65 4.25 3.05 3.65 3.30 3.60 3.05 3.30 3.35 3.75 3.35 5.75 3.50 3.15 3.00 3.30 3.20 3.20 3.70 3.40 3.00 2.75 2.68 2.58 2.35 1.55 1.58 1.52 1.58 1.48 1.38 1.30 1.32 1.28 1.22 1.18 1.15 1.18 1.12 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.05 1.00 1.02 1.12 1.12 1.80 1.18 1.08 1.10 1.05 1.78 3.20 3.05 1.75 3.80 2.80 2.80 3.50 3.85 3.95 3.90 2.85 2.00 1.78 1.68 3.75 3.35 2.35 1.70 2 1.68 3 1.48 4 1.48 5 1.42 6 2.10 7 1.55 8 3.40 9 1.75 10 1.60 11 1.52 12 1.50 13 1.62 14 3.90 15 4.60 16 3.85 17 3.50 18 3.90 3.75 20 3.20 21 2.75 2.50 23 2.32 2.45 25 1.75 26 1.58 27 1.58 28 1.52 1.60 30 1.55 1.65 ISLAND OF MAUI. 303 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kailua Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1..., (i 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21... 1910. 2 22 3 23 4 24 147 5 25 53 6 26 265 7 27 32 8 15 28 9 108 86 29 10 30 31 38 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 62 14 30 235 120 165 52 285 52 450 588 825 42 34 26 23 7.6 26 30 14 23 20 23 14 26 30 42 52 52 20 20 23 20 80 42 30 57 47 47 105 68 30 14 12 7.6 2 4 180 188 17 20 158 68 74 68 105 98 112 80 38 42 34 128 23 14 6 7 20 105 8 68 9 98 63 10 120 30 38 74 14 8 11 142 47 12 13 14 23 74 68 44 47 9.8 7.6 52 26 34 47 34 135 15 255 16 23 128 17 57 120 17 17 80 128 142 135 80 18 86 9.8 188 34 98 57 92 34 57 62 112 62 512 135 19 '26 20 14 17 9.8 150 112 20 47 21 ' 14 22 23 295 245 245 86 24 12 42 34 25 14 26 9.8 7.6 42 34 20 14 27 38 120 34 112* 28 112 62 29 9.8 172 112 17 30 31 7.6 Note.— Daily discharge for the days when the intake gate was closed and no water was being diverted determined from a, rating curve fairlj^ well defined below 150 second-feet. On days for which discharge is not given the intake gate was open, diverting water into the new Hamakua ditch, and no estimate could be made owing to insufficient measurements. OANIJI STREAM NEAR HFELO, MATTI. Oanui Stream is tributary to Kailua Stream from the west, enter- ing a short distance below the crossing of the new Hamakua ditch. A gaging station was established on this stream just above the ditch crossing December 7, 1910. A staff gage, graduated to tenths of feet, is fastened to the left bank and is used to obtain gage heights. There is no good section for high-water measurements near the gage, but several hundred feet farther up, near the old Hamakua ditch, a fairly good section is obtained, and all the measurements ware made 304 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. at this section from a footbridge. No measurements have been obtained at this station since January, 1911. The discharge at this point gives the total flow of the stream above all diversions. Discharge measurements o/Oanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Feet. 3.2 4.5 3.5 Sq.ft. 3.5 5.9 3.8 Feet. 1.90 2.10 1.90 Sec.-ft. 4.44 11 do 14.0 25 Pierce and Martin 6.4 Note. — Measurements made from footbridge near Old Hamakua ditch several hundred feet above gage. Daily gage height, in feet, of 2niii S Lream near Ilaelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. I9in. 1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 1.8 1.75 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 21... 1910. 1.7 2 22 1.7 3 23 1.7 4 24 1.95 5 25 1.95 6 26 2.5 7 2.3 1.9 1.85 1.8 27 1.9 8 28 1.9 9 29 1.75 10 . 30 1.7 31 1.9 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 2.0 1.8 1.85 2.1 2.05 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 2.2 2.0 2.05 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.95 1.9 1.9 2.05 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.15 2.25 2.05 2.45 2.05 2.25 2.35 3.5 2.05 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.05 2.0 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.95 1.95 1.9 1.9 2.25 1.9 2.45 2.55 2.55 2.35 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.35 1.95 1.9 2.0 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.9 1.85 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.95 2.0 2.4 2.05 1.95 2.05 2.0 2.25 2.35 2.0 1.95 2.05 2.0 1.9 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.15 2.05 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.85 2.35 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.85 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.95 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.05 1.9 2.25 1.7 2.1 2.05 2.05 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 3.6 2.05 2.0 1.95 1.95 1.9 1.9 2.15 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.95 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.15 2.1 2.05 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.85 1.85 9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 9 1.85 3 1.85 4 1.85 1.85 6 2.0 7 1.85 S . . 2.1 9 1.9 10 1.85 11 1.85 12 1.85 13 1.85 14 2.0 15 2.1 10 2.0 17 1.9 18 2.0 19 2.0 20 1.9 21 1.9 22 1.85 23 1.85 24 2.0 25 1.85 26 1.85 27 1.85 2S 1.85 29 1.85 30 1.85 31 1.85 ISLAND OF MAUI. 305 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 1910. 11.... 1910. 3.5 2.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 21.... 1910. 1.0 2 12 22 1.0 3 13 23 1 4 14 24 8.0 5 15 25 8 6 16 26 35 7 22 6.5 6.0 3.5 17 27 6 5 8 18..... 28 6 5 9 19 29 2 2 10 , 20 30 1 31 6 5 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jiine. •Tuly. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 9.5 3.5 5.0 13 11 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 17 9.5 11 13 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 8.0 6.5 6.5 11 22 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 22 15 20 11 32 11 20 25 118 11 8.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3:5 11 9.5 6.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 8.0 8.0 6.6 6.5 20 6.5 32 39 39 25 9.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 3.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 28 25 8.0 6.5 9.5 15 15 15 9.6 9.5 6.5 6.5 9.5 9.6 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 9.5 28 11 8.0 11 9.5 20 25 9.5 8.0 11 9.5 6.5 8.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.5 9.5 8.0 6.5 6.6 6.5 9.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 9.5 6.5 9.6 9.5 16 11 9.5 6.5 6.5 9.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 5.0 6.5 5.0 26 6.5 5.0 3.5 3.5 6.5 9.5 8.0 6.6 5.0 35 13 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.0 3.5 6.5 9.5 8.0 6.5 17 9.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 11 6.5 20 1.0 13 11 11 9.5 17 9.5 17 9.5 128 11 9.5 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.6 15 9.5 6.6 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 6.5 17 8.0 3.5 17 9.5 6.5 6.5 16 13 11 8.0 6.5 3.5 3.5 17 9.5 5.0 5.0 2 5.0 3 5.0 4 5.0 5 5.0 6 9.5 7 6.0 s 13 9 6.5 10 6.0 11 6.0 12 5.0 13 5.0 14 9.5 15 13 16 9.6 17 6.5 18 9.5 19 9.5 20 6.5 21 6.5 22 5.0 23 5.0 24 9.5 25 5.0 26 6.0 27 6.0 28 5.0 29 5.0 30 5.0 31 5.0 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. 74323°— wsp 318—13 20 306 WATER RESOUECES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Oanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 191G-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Riw-ofE (total in. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 35 1.0 5.14 255 22 3.5 7.71 474 118 3.5 13.7 761 6.5 3.5 3.89 239 39 3.5 9.33 555 28 3.5 9.05 556 28 5.0 9.44 561 15 3.5 6.48 398 35 3.5 6.53 402 128 1.0 12.9 768 15 3.5 5.61 345 17 3.5 7.05 420 13 -5.0 6.58 405 128 1.0 8.13 5,880 Accu- racy. 1910, December 7-31 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year HOOLAWALIILII STREAM NEAR HTTELO, MATH. Hoolawa Stream, which drains the area just west of Huelo Stream and east of Honopou, is one of the important streams supplying the East Maui ditches. It has two principal branches, known as Hoola- waliilii and Hoolawanui (small Hoolawa and large Hoolawa). The gaging station was established on Hoolawaliilii Stream April 6, 1911, at a point about 400 feet above the crossing of the new Hamakua ditch about 1 mile east of Lupi and 3 miles, by trail, southwest of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated to tenths of a foot, is fastened to a rock wall on the right bank and is used to obtain gage heights. The channel has a rocky floor and is not subject to change. Only wading measure- ments have been made. The discharge at this station gives the total flow of the stream above the Hamakua ditches. Discharge measurements of Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 5 G. H. Pierce Feet. 16.2 Sq.ft. 12.7 Feet. 0.15 Sec.-ft. 3.63 Note.— Additional measurements made early in 1912 have been used for obtaining a rating. Measure- ments made by wading near the gage. ISLAND OF MAUI. 307 Daily gage height, in feet, of Hoolawaliilii Stream near Euelo, Maui, for 1911. [Oniye, observer.] Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.24 .24 .22 .20 .20 .23 .22 .19 .54 .58 .34 .31 .32 .36 .44 .43 .41 .36 .24 .24 .36 .28 .23 .22 .22 .22 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 0.18 .23 .39 .32 .48 .32 .52 .39 .40 .56 .40 .32 .38 .34 .28 .29 .25 .24 .26 .24 .28 .26 .23 .22 .22 .26 .25 .24 .23 .22 0.22 .22 .22 .24 .21 .26 .26 .27 .28 .26 .34 .30 .27 .26 .27 .28 .24 .22 .20 .22 .22 .19 .19 .18 .16 .15 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 0.15 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .11 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .11 .11 .15 .15 .14 .40 .22 .16 .16 .15 .20 .28 ..30 .24 .20 .48 .43 .30 0.26 .27 .23 .20 .18 .17 .20 .29 .26 .22 .40 .30 .24 .22 .21 .20 .20 .34 .28 .42 .32 .46 .60 .54 .38 .43 .40 .60 .41 1.45 0.58 .44 .36 .33 .30 .25 .43 .37 .29 .26 .22 .21 .20 .19 .18 .17 .18 .16 .14 .14 .14 .13 .13 .12 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .11 .11 0.11 .11 .11 .10 .10 . 11 !n .20 .12 .12 .11 .11 .15 .24 .22 .21 .36 .28 .25 .22 .35 .36 .35 .32 .28 .24 .22 .38 .31 .26 0.22 2 .20 3 .19 4 .20 5 .17 6 0.16 .16 .16 .16 .15 .15 .15 .15 .14 .13 .13 .24 .24 .18 .20 .45 .30 .56 .48 .61 .60 .41 .33 .27 .24 .31 .25 8 ..34 9 .22 10 .22 11 .20 12 .19 13 .19 .32 15 .34 16 .33 .32 18 .30 19 .32 20 .25 21 .22 22 .22 23 .20 .32 25 ,. 26 .30 .22 27 .21 28 .20 .20 30 .20 .18 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.0 4.0 8 4.0 9 4.0 10 3.8 11 3.8 12 3.8 13 3.8 14 3.5 15 3.2 16 3.2 17 6.0 IS 6 19 4.5 20 5.0 21 12 22 7 5 23 15 24 12 25 16 26 16 27 10 28 8.2 29 6.8 30 6.0 31 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.8 5.5 4.8 14 15 8.5 7.8 8.0 9.0 11 11 10 9.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 7.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.8 9.8 8.0 12 8.0 14 9.8 10 15 10 8.0 10 8.5 7.0 7.2 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.2 6.6 6.5 6.8 7.0 6.5 8.5 7.5 6.8 "6.5 6.8 7.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 10 5.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 5.0 7.0 7.5 6.0 5.0 12 11 7.5 6.5 6.8 6.8 5.0 4.6 4.2 5.0 7.2 6.5 5.5 10 7.5 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 8.5 7.0 11 8.0 12 16 14 9.5 11 10 16 10 42 15 11 9.0 8.2 7.5 6.2 11 9.2 7.2 6.5 5.5 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.8 6.0 5.5 6.2 9.0 7.0 6.2 5.5 8.8 9.0 •i.S 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.5 9.5 7.8 6.6 5.5 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.2 7.8 6.2 8.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.8 8.0 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.5 8.0 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.0 8.0 7.5 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 Note,— Daily discharge computed from a rating eurve that is fairly weU defined below 12 second-feet. 308 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofE (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 16 3.2 6.88 341 15 4.8 7.17 441 15 4.5 7.75 461 8.5 3.5 5.52 339 12 2.8 4.66 287 42 4.2 9.21 548 15 2.8 5.46 336 9.5 2.5 5.36 319 8.5 4.2 6.09 374 42 2.5 6.43 3,450 Accu- racy. April 6-30 May June July August September October November December The period HOOLAWANUI STREAM NEAR HUELO, MAT7I. A gaging station was established on Hoolawanui Stream December 12, 1910. The station is about 250 feet above the new Hamakua ditch crossing and is about one-fourth mile east of Lupi and 3^ miles, by trail, southwest of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot, is fastened to the left end of an old concrete weir which forms the control. No measure- ments were made at this station during 1910-11, but measurements made early in 1912 have been used for obtaining a rating. The records show the total flow of the stream above the Hamakua ditches. Daily gage height, in feet, of Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Oniye, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 1910. 11 21 0.15 2 ' 12 0.30 .25 .25 .20 .20 .20 .15 .20 .20 22 .20 3 ::: ....:.... 13 23 .15 4 14 24 .95 5 . . 15 25 .5 6 16 26 1.7 17 27 6 8 [ 18 28 .4 9 19 29 .3 10 :::: ::l.. .._ 20 30 .3 31 .45 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 0.45 0.3 0.35 0.2 0.25 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.3 0.75 0.1 .3 1.0 .25 .2 .3 .25 .3 .15 .3 .5 .25 .7 .25 .2 .25 .4 .25 .25 .45 .55 .65 .2 .15 .2 .35 .3 .25 .45 .55 .55 •2 .15 .2 .6 .25 .2 .4 .35 1.3 .2 .15 .3 .4 .35 .2 .3 .3 .7 .2 .15 .25 .8 .3 .2 .55 .3 1.0 .15 .15 .25 .6 .3 .3 .45 .25 .3 1.75 .15 .15 .7 .6 .35 .25 .35 .7 3.0 .2 .1 .8 .8 .3 .25 .3 .4 1.1 .15 .1 .45 .55 .4 .5 .3 .4 .6 .15 .1 .35 .4 .4 .4 .3 .55 .55 .15 .1 .35 .5 .3 .3 .25 .15 .4 .45 .15 .1 .45 .45 .3 .25 .2 .35 .3 .3 .25 .1 .75 .35 .3 .25 .2 .3 Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14. 15 0.3 .25 .25 .25 .2 .4 .3 .5 .25 .25 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 ISLAOT) OF MAUI. 809 Daily gage height, in feet, C / Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 191C -11— Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 16 0.4 .3 .25 .2 .2 .2 .2 .15 .3 .25 .2 .2 .65 .35 .25 .35 0.3 .25 .25 .25 .25 .2 .2 .2 .2 .15 .15 .5 .6 0.2 .2 .15 .25 .2 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .1 .1 .2 .2 0.1 .3 .3 .2 .25 .6 .4 .9 .75 1.0 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 0.65 .45 .4 .3 .3 .4 .35 .35 .3 .25 .25 .25 .25 .35 .25 .2 0.35 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .25 .25 .3 .3 .3 .3 .25 0.3 .3 .25 .2 .25 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 0.2 .15 .1 .6 .25 .15 .15 .15 .25 .3 .35 .25 .2 .6 .45 .3 0.25 .3 .6 .3 .65 .4 .6 .55 .75 .4 .5 .45 .7 .5 1.9 0.2 .2 .2 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .1 .15 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 0.25 .55 .35 .25 .25 .5 .65 .55 .4 .35 .35 .25 .5 .4 .3 0.45 17 .5 18 .5 19 .5 20 .35 21 .3 22 .3 23 .25 24 .45 25... .35 26 .25 .2 28 .2 29 .2 30 .2 .2 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 5 2 12 12 10 10 7 7 7 5 7 7 22 7 3 13 23 5 4 14 24 82 5 15 25 26 6 16 26 217 7 17 27 36 8 18 28 18 9 19 29 12 10 20 30 12 31 22 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 22 12 10 31 31 15 12 12 12 48 18 18 31 18 12 18 12 10 7 7 7 7 5 12 10 7 7 42 15 10 15 12 90 48 42 31 141 48 90 226 476 106 36 31 22 12 12 10 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 5 5 26 36 15 10 10 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 5 5 5 5 10 7 7 5 10 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 12 12 7 10 36 18 75 54 90 48 26 18 12 12 10 12 10 7 7 12 10 10 48 61 22 15 15 22 54 42 22 18 12 12 18 15 15 12 10 10 10 10 15 10 7 7 10 18 15 36 18 31 36 36 51 31 18 26 22 15 15 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 12 12 12 10 12 12 10 12 10 15 12 12 15 12 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 10 7 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 5 3 36 10 5 5 5 10 12 15 10 7 36 22 12 12 12 10 10 7 7 7 12 10 10 26 18 12 10 10 10 12 36 12 42 18 36 31 54 18 26 22 48 26 256 54 26 22 22 18 12 31 22 15 12 12 12 10 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 10 3 3 3 3 5 15 12 10 31 15 10 10 26 42 31 18 15 15 10 26 18 12 12 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 7 6 18 7 12 8 26 9 10 10 10 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 18 15 18 16 22 17 26 18 26 19 26 20 15 21 12 22 12 23 10 24 22 25 15 26 10 27 7 28 7 29 7 30 7 31 7 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. 310 WATEE RESOUBCES OP HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofE (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 217 5 25.7 1,020 48 5 15.9 978 476 5 55.8 3,100 15 3 6.48 398 90 3 16.7 994 61 7 17.8 1,090 61 7 19.6 1,170 18 5 10.1 621 36 3 8.03 494 256 7 27.3 1,620 54 3 11.5 707 42 3 12.1 720 26 7 13.3 818 476 3 17.6 12, 700 Accu- racy. 1910, December 12-31 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year HONOPOTT STREAM NEAR HTTELO, MAUI. Honopou Stream is just west of Halawa Stream in the East Maui ditch country. The water of this stream is intercepted by the old and new Hamakua ditches, which take the entire flow at low and medium stages; at liigher stages water passes down to the Lowrie and Haiku ditches below. A gaging station was established on this stream December 10, 1910, at a point about 250 feet above the new Hamakua ditch crossing, about three-fourths of a mile west of Lupi and 4 miles southwest of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot, is fastened to the upstream side of an old concrete weir and is used to obtain gage heights. No measurements were made at this station during 1910-11, but measurements made early in 1912 have been used for obtaining a rating. The discharge gives the total flow of the stream above the new Hamakua ditch. Daily gage height, in feet, of Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Oniye, observer] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1.... 1910. 11 1910. 21.... 1910. 0.2 2 12 . . 0.4 .4 .35 .3 .3 .25 .25 .25 .2 22 .2 3 13 23 .2 4 14 24 1.3 5 15 25 .5 6 16 26 1.9 7 17 27 .6 8 18 28 .5 9 19 29 .4 10 , 20 30 .35 31 .55 ISLAND OF MAUI. 311 Daily gage height, in second-feet, of Honopou Stream, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 0.55 0.4 0.45 0.2 0.35 0.2 0.35 0.15 0.3 0.75 0.1 .35 .8 .3 .2 .35 .35 .25 .15 .3 .6 .35 .7 .3 .2 .3 .6 .3 .25 .55 .4 .65 .25 .2 .25 .45 .3 .25 .55 .4 .5 .2 .15 25 .6 .3 .2 .5 .36 1.3 .2 .15 .3 .45 .3 .2 .4 .3 .8 .2 .15 .25 .7 .3 .25 .55 .3 .9 .2 .15 .25 .5 .35 .4 .5 .3 1.0 .2 .15 .7 .55 .4 .3 .4 .55 2.3 .2 .15 .8 .85 .3 .25 .35 .4 1.35 .15 .15 .5 .6 .4 .5 .35 .4 .7 .15 .1 .45 .55 .4 .4 .3 .4 .55 .15 .1 .4 .5 .3 .3 .3 .15 .35 .45 .15 .1 .5 .5 .3 .25 .3 .55 .3 .45 .25 .1 .7 .4 .4 .3 .25 .25 .4 .4 .2 .1 .6 .45 .4 .15 .3 .25 .2 .35 .35 .2 .3 .6 .35 .3 .3 .25 .55 .3 .3 .2 .3 .45 .35 .3 .4 .2 .4 .3 .25 .35 .2 .4 .35 .25 .5 .3 .2 .3 .25 .3 .25 .25 .4 .3 .25 .25 .6 .2 .25 .2 .25 .2 .5 .5 .3 .25 .2 .4 .2 .45 .2 .2 .2 .35 .35 .35 .2 .1 .55 .15 .5 .2 .2 .2 1.0 .3 .25 .2 .1 .55 .15 .5 .45 .2 .15 .6 .3 .25 .2 .25 .7 .15 .4 .25 .2 .15 .9 .3 .25 .2 .4 .4 .15 .35 .2 .2 .15 .7 .3 .3 .2 .3 .55 .15 .3 .2 .55 .15 .6 .25 .3 .15 .25 .7 .15 .25 .6 .65 .15 .5 .25 .3 .15 .2 .75 .15 .5 .4 .15 .4 .3 .25 .15 .55 .5 .1 .35 .3 .2 .4 .25 .25 .15 .5 2.2 .1 .3 .4 .2 .25 .15 .35 .1 Dec. 1911 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0.3 .3 .3 .25 .25 .4 .3 .5 .25 .25 .25 .2 .2 .4 .5 .45 .45 .45 .45 .35 .3 .3 .3 .5 .35 .25 .25 .25 .25 .2 .2 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1910. 21 1910. 3.0 2 8.0 8.0 6.6 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.0 22 3.0 3 23 3.0 4 24 53 5 25 11 6 26 94 7 27 15 8 28 11 9 29 8.0 10 30 6.6 31 13 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 13 6.6 6.6 8.0 8.0 6.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 13 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.6 5.2 8.0 24 19 17 11 53 24 29 35 131 56 19 13 9.5 9.5 9.5 5.2 5.2 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 6.6 6.6 5.2 4.1 4.1 5.2 4.1 4.1 19 24 11 9.5 8.0 11 19 3.0 6.6 11 9.5 15 9.5 19 11 13 26 15 13 11 11 8.0 6.6 4.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 6.6 8.0 5.2 8.0 8.0 5.2 5.2 8.0 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.1 3.0 3.0 4.1 8.0 5.2 4.1 11 8.0 5.2 4.1 5.2 22 15 13 13 11 8.0 13 11 8.0 6.6 6.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.2 13 4.1 5.2 2 5.2 3 5.2 4 4.1 5 4.1 8.0 7 5.2 8 11 9 4.1 10 4.1 11 4.1 12 3.0 13 3.0 14 8.0 15 H 312 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honopou Stream, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 1911. IG 8.0 6.6 5.2 5.2 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.5 4.1 3.0 3.0 15 8.0 5.2 8.0 8.0 6.6 5.2 4.1 5.2 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 13 17 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.6 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.0 1.3 5.2 5.2 3.0 4.1 11 6.6 35 15 29 19 15 11 8.0 8.0 15 11 9.5 8.0 8.0 11 6.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.1 5.2 4.1 4.1 9.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.2 5.2 6.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.1 8.0 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 11 4.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.1 8.0 5.2 4.1 3.0 13 11 6.6 5.2 5.2 8.0 5.2 15 8.0 13 13 19 8.0 13 19 22 11 120 4.1 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.0 13 8.0 5.2 4.1 9.5 11 11 8.0 6.6 5.2 4.1 11 6.6 5.2 9.5 17 9.5 IS 9.5 19..;:...:;:;.... 9.5 20 6.6 21 5.2 22 5.2 23 5.2 24 11 25 6.6 26 4.1 27 4.1 28 29 4.1 4.1 30 3.0 31 3.0 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is fairly well defined below 15 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. 1910 December 12-31 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year Discharge in second-feet. Run-oflE (total in Maximum. Minimum. Mean. acre-feet). 94 3.0 13.4 532 15 3.0 6.68 411 131 3.0 19.2 1,070 9.5 2.2 3.32 204 35 1.3 6.97 415 24 4.1 8.16 502 26 3.0 8.80 524 8.0 2.2 4.76 293 13 1.3 3.28 202 120 3.0 12.1 720 22 1.3 6.01 370 13 1.3 4.88 290 11 3.0 5.98 368 131 1.3 7.41 5,370 Accu- racy. HALEHAKIT STREAM NEAK HUELO, MATTI. Halehaku is one of the large gulches on the northern slope of Halea- kala crossed by the East Maui ditches. As is often the case in Hawaii, this gulch has various names in different places, and at the crossing of the Government road about 2 miles from the sea it is known as Kakipi. The principal tributary of Halehaku Stream is Opana Stream, which joins it from the west below the old and new Hamakua ditches and above the Lowrie ditch. The gaging station on this stream was estabHshed December 13, 1910, for the purpose of determining the amount of flood water not diverted by the new Hamakua ditch. It is about 3^ miles west of Lupi and about 7 miles, by trail, west of Kailua (Huelo post office), at the dam formed by the crossing of the new Hamakua ditch. ISLAND OF MAUI. 313 A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot, is fastened to the left side wall of the dam. Readings of this gage give the depth of water pas- sing over the crest of the dam, which is used as a broad crested weir for obtaining discharge measurements. No current-meter measure- ments were made at this station during 1910-11. The ordinary flow of the stream is taken into the new Hamakua ditch over a weir at the east end of the dam. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Halehaku Stream at dam near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Dee. Day. Dee. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 1910. 11 1910. 21 0.0 2 12 22 . 3 13 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 23 .0 4 ]4 24 1.9 5 15 25 .0 6 16 26 74 7 17 27 .. 1 3 8 18 28 .0 9 19 29. .0 10 20 30 .0 31 .0 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 0.0 .0 8.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 5.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 3.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.4 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.6 .0 .0 .0 1.9 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 17 .0 .0 .0 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 20 .0 .0 .3 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.0 214 .0 .0 6.5 7.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.6 .0 .0 .0 .6 .0 .0 .6 .0 .0 .0 9.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 1.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.2 .0 .0- .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .8 .0 . .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 6.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4 .0 .0 .0 8.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 14 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.6 1.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 11 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Dec. 1911. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.3 .3 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Note . — Daily discharge computed from formula for a broad-crested weir, using a coefficient of 3.2. This coefficient was determined from current-meter ratings of a broad-crested weir of similar section. 314 WATEE KESOUECES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Halehahu Stream at dam near Buelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). December 13-31 January. February March April May June July August September October November December The year. 74 4 214 .0 14 G.5 7.3 .0 1.3 11 7.6 2.2 1.3 .0 .30 18.4 .0 10.6 589 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.32 78.6 .0 .34 20.9 .0 .43 25.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .04 2.5 .0 .44 26.2 .0 .29 17.8 .0 .13 7.7 .0 .06 3.7 214 1.09 790 HALEHAKU STREAM WEIR AT NEW HAMAKUA DITCH, NEAR HUELO, MAT7I. The total flow of Halehaku Stream at low and medium stages is diverted into the new Hamakua ditch. The water passes over a 6-foot Cippoletti weir and drops into the ditch below the measuring weir on the ditch. The Maui Agricultural Co. keeps a record on this weir, and has kindly furnished the data for 1910-11. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Halehaku Stream tveir at New Hamahua ditch, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 6.7 6.2 5.7 9.0 19 18 14 11 9.3 8.8 9.3 16 20 20 19 18 17 19 20 18 18 20 20 19 17 16 16 13 13 17 20 20 20 19 18 16 13 11 10 9.3 8.2 7.9 12 15 10 9.0 7.8 7.4 7.4 6.7 5.7 8.5 19 15 12 9.8 8.4 7.4 6.9 5.9 6.4 14 20 18 13 12 9.6 8.2 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.5 6.8 14 16 17 20 20 20 20 20 19 16 13 18 20 20 20 20 20 19 17 20 20 16 15 12 11 9.8 9.4 8.5 15 17 13 11 9.9 9.2 9.2 8.7 14 20 14 11 9.6 8.7 9.4 19 14 20 18 18 20 19 17 16 15 13 11 10 12 15 11 10 9.9 8.8 7.9 7.3 7.7 7.3 6.3 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.6 5.4 19 17 20 19 15 12 11 14 14 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 17 15 16 15 13 11 10 9.3 8.5 8.0 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.7 16 9.1 8.4 9.9 7.3 6.8 ■ 6.2 6.5 6.4 5.3 8.2 19 20 18 14 11 10 9.0 8.5 7.7 \\ 6.2 5.6 5.4 4.8 4.3 5.1 4.6 4.8 16 20 15 13 10 9.9 9.0 8.0 7.4 9.3 15 13 11 9.4 8.2 7.3 7.1 14 20 16 12 12 15 11 11 14 9.9 9.0 8.0 7.3 6.3 6.8 6.2 5.7 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 2.6 1.3 6.5 13 19 12 8.0 7.3 7.9 7.1 8.2 16 11 8.5 7.3 6.5 6.7 6.3 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 7.0 6.5 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 5.4 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.0 5.4 5.6 3.4 2.8 2.2 3.9 12.0 4.0 2.9 2.8 11 20 18 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20 10 18 11 16 12 14 13 12 14 10 15 9.5 16 8.2 17 7.6 18 7.4 19 7.1 20 6.5 21 6.0 22 5.7 23 5.6 24 17 25 17 26 18 27 20 28 17 29 13 30 11 31 14 ISLAND OF MAUI.* 315 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Halehaku Stream weir at New Hamakua ditch, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11— Contmued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 12 9.9 10 16 19 IS 14 10 9.3 19 18 16 18 15 12 11 11 9.1 8.2 7.3 6.5 6.2 5.9 8.0 6.5 5.7 8.2 18 9.9 7.9 9.0 13 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 17 15 13 11 9.9 9.6 8.7 7.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.7 16 18 15 11 8.8 7.7 7.1 6.7 6.0 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 7.6 4.8 4.3 4.2 9.1 5.9 5.0 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.9 8.0 8.2 5.6 5.1 6.2 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.6 11 7.6 7.4 9.9 14 15 18 20 20 20 20 17 14 13 11 10 8.7 7.9 8.2 7.6 7.9 7.9 15 20 18 16 14 20 19 20 18 16 14 13 12 12 13 10 9.3 8.8 7.7 7.4 9.4 8.2 8.0 6.3 7.0 8.0 15 19 13 18 20 20 20 20 19 18 16 13 12 12 11 11 9.9 11 9.6 8.0 7.4 7.3 8.7 9.1 7.9 7.3 6.8 8.5 7.9 7.7 8.7 9.1 9.7 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.6 11 11 9.8 8.8 9.0 8.5 7.1 6.5 6.2 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.8 1.6 1.7 3.6 2.5 2.3 9.8 5.1 2.9 2.5 2.5 5.1 8.1 6.8 3.9 3.7 12 16 8.8 6.8 5.7 5.4 5.1 4.3 4.0 5.3 11 7.8 6.7 17 12 8.7 7.4 7.3 6.7 8.5 15 9.9 18 14 16 15 16 12 17 17 19 18 20 20 20 18 17 15 14 20 18 15 12 11 9.8 8.8 8.0 7.6 6.8 7.0 6.9 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.4 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 3.4 7.3 9.4 4.3 16 9.3 7.3 8.5 17 23 19 16 12 9.8 9.4 19 16 12 9.8 2 ,--.- 3 8.4 7.6 4 7.0 5 7.3 6 6.2 7 6.8 8 11 9 6.8 10 6.0 11 5.7 12 5.4 13 5.7 14 13 21 17 . 20 IS 17 19 19 21 16 14 11 23. 10 24 13 11 26 27 7.7 7.1 6.8 29 6.2 30 5.6 31 5.3 Note.— Daily discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from weir records of dis- charge in million gallons per 24 hours. Monthly discharge of Halehaku Stream weir at New Hamakua ditch, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge, in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). 1910 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March • April May June July August September October November December The year 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7.3 19 20 20 20 5.7 5.7 4.5 8.5 4.6 6.5 4.3 4.6 1.3 2.8 1.6 5.6 15.3 11.4 12.2 14.3 11.9 14.5 8.79 11.3 3.40 6.93 4.47 14.2 10.7 5.7 11.4 6.7 15.2 3.1 ■ 5.85 2.5 8.95 7.4 12.2 6.3 12.4 2.8 7.05 1.6 4.15 4.0 11.2 2.5 9.05 1.7 8.16 6.3 10.2 941 633 750 851 732 863 540 695 202 426 266 873 7,770 360 533 750 738 433 255 666 656 1.6 9.60 6,950 316 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. OPANA STREAM NEAR HTTELO, HATH. Opana Stream is tributary to Halehaku Stream from the west. Its water is intercepted by the Old and New Hamakua ditches. A gaging station was established on this stream December 13, 1910, at a point about 300 feet below the bridge on the trail crossing, about 150 feet above the ditch siphon, and 7^ miles west of Kailua (Huelo post office). A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot, is fastened in an inclined position on the right bank and is used to obtain low-water gage heights. High-water readings are taken on a vertical gage fastened to a rock on the left bank. This station gives flood data only, as the ordinary flow of the stream is diverted above by Opana ditch, which is a feeder to the New Hamakua ditch. No discharge measurements have been made. Daily gage height, in feet, of Opana Stream near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. [Hamamura, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1910. 1 . 1910. 11 1910. 21 .. .... 1.51 2 12 22 1.51 3 13 1.59 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.52 23 24 1.51 4 14 2.24 5 16 25 2.20 6 16 26 3.58 7 17 27 2.30 8 18 28 1.56 9 19 ..., 29, 1.53 10 20 30 1.52 31 1.62 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 1 1.54 1.53 1.53 3.04 3.26 2.00 1.54 1.56 1.54 2.08 1.60 1.58 1.62 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.53 1.52 1.52 1 52 2.26 1.59 1.52 1.52 1.54 3.41 2.40 2.06 1.80 2.55 2.05 4.62 4.83 6.75 4.12 2.06 1.84 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.57 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.50 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.52 1.52 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.42 1.44 1.43 1.52 1.54 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.59 1.50 1.45 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.41 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.52 1.50 1.50 2.14 2.56 2.67 2.00 1.70 1.54 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.46 1.47 1.46 2.94 3.08 1.95 1.53 1.52 1.84 2.23 2.25 1.71 1.61 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.50 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.54 1.64 1.60 1.56 1.82 2.31 2.00 2.78 2.16 1.58 1.54 1.55 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.51 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.49 1.52 1.49 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40- 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.42 1.40 1.40 1.4S 1.46 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.42 1 48 1.48 1.41 1.40 1.54 2.05 1.53 1.46 1.42 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.46 1.58 1.57 1.50 2.35 1.58 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.44 1.46 1.66 1.51 2.00 1.61 1.94 1.68 1.76 1 75 1.6S 1.55 1.62 1.75 3.20 2.82 1.92 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.18 1.47 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.48 1.56 1.48 2.12 1.58 1.52 1.54 2.06 2.46 2.45 1.59 1.?.4 1.62 1.50 2.01 1.62 1..52 1.50 2 1.48 3 1.48 4 1.49 5 1.49 6 1.49 7 1.50 S 1.52 9 1.49 10 1.49 11 1.48 12 1.48 13 1.48 14 1.80 15 2.52 16 2.24 17. 1.76 18 2.20 19 2.14 20 1.54 21 1.54 22 1 50 23 1.50 24 1.78 25 1.59 26 1.60 27 1.48 28 1.48 29 1 48 30 1.48 31 1.48 ISLAND OF MAUI. 317 OPAKA DITCH NEAR HXJELO, MAXTI. The Opana ditch, is a feeder for the New Hainakua ditch. It di- verts water from Opana Stream several hundred feet above the bridge on the trail crossing, and at low and medium stages takes the entire flow of the stream. The water is measured by a 6-foot Cippoletti weir just before it drops into the New Hamakua ditch, and the records for 1910-11 have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Maui Agricul- tural Co. This ditch and weir station are on the east side of Opana gulch. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Opana ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 3.7 2.5 1.3 4.5 21 23 14 8.2 5.7 4.0 4.3 7.4 24 23 23 22 22 26 24 20 18 24 22 16 11 7.9 10 13 8.2 14 21 3.2 2.3 3.7 18 18 15 13 7.9 7.1 18 12 10 12 8.0 6.2 5.0 4.5 3.9 2.5 2.0 18 20 17 12 9.5 7.3 4.8 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 12 ' 16 6.5 3.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 3.6 24 14 6.5 2.9 2.0 1.7 1.5 4.0 19 18 17 14 19 20 28 28 30 26 20 18 16 12 9.1 6.8 5.4 4.3 3.4 1.4 1.7 8.8 18 14 9.1 5.6 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 .8 .8 .6 1.9 1.0 19 17 19 22 18 18 15 11 8.1 5.4 14 4.8 3.9 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.2 6.7 3.6 29 26 24 20 16 13 11 17 15 11 7.3 5.3 3.9 3.0 2.6 2.2 4.5 14 10 6.2 6.5 3.2 2.6 2.5 9.6 18 9.3 4.3 2.6 1.9 7.6 7.4 8.5 3.4 1.9 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .6 S.0 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.5 18 11 23 19 12 29 22 18 15 11 8.0 5.6 4.0 3.2 5.3 5.0 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 2.8 29 3.1 4.2 2.8 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 18 25 14 5.7 5.9 20 IS 19 12 8.4 4.8 3.0 22 27 17 8.0 4.2 2.6 5.6 4.6 5.7 8.2 6.0 9.4 12 8.2 20 14 7.4 8.5 5.7 5.4 4.8 3.7 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.3 9.1 11 6.2 14 20 19 21 10 8.7 7.4 7.7 6.6 4.6 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 3.1 3.1 2.2 3.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.9 23 18 12 4.8 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7- 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 3.2 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.1 4.0 3.2 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 14 28 15 8.8 4.6 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.2 7.4 4.2 3.1 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 5.0 20 9.7 3.6 3.4 9.0 3.2 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 0.4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .0 .0 .3 .2 .0 .8 .4 .3 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .5 .5 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.6 1.9 16 0.7 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 1.0 4.6 4.8 3.6 19 8.1 1.7 1.0 .6 1.1 2.0 8.7 3.2 18 2.8 9.9 18 5.6 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.9 3.2 17 4.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 .8 .8 .6 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .3 25 14 10 9.1 8.8 6.8 16 13 5.9 4.8 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.2 .2 .2 .6 .5 .3 .2 ."2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.0 .3 .2 1.1 6.0 1.1 .6 .3 5.6 29 14 0.2 1.7 .4 .2 .2 .4 .4 .5 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 1.7 9.4 2.0 16 5.1 2.3 3.6 26 2 30 3 24 4 24 6 31 6 31 7 31 8 29 9 22 10 16 11 12 12 9.0 13 6.7 14 5.4 15 4.2 16 3.4 17 3.4 18 3.1 19 2.5 20 2.0 21 1.9 22 1.7 23 1.7 24 2.6 25 19 26 15 27 21 28 9.3 29 4.8 30 3.6 31 4.5 1911. 2.1 2 1.9 1.5 4 1.7 1.8 1.5 7 1.9 8 5.0 9 2.2 10 1.5 1.0 12 1.0 1.2 14 10 15 16 21 17 15 18 20 19 22 20 14 818 WATEK EESOUECES OF HAWAH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Opana ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 2.0 1.9 1.9 4.2 2.2 1.9 3.9 20 7.6 2.5 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.8 10 9.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .8 1.2 4.2 5.6 14 9.1 12 21 24 25 20 15 8.8 7.1 4.5 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 3.2 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 3.1 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .6 .6 .3 0.4 .3 .3 1.1 3.1 2.9 .8 .4 7.7 18 4.0 12 16 10 16 12 7.3 9.4 11 13 24 1.1 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .5 .4 .3 18 22 19 9.6 3.7 2.3 3.1 18 13 4.6 7.9 22 5.6 23 3.8 24 11 25 5.1 26 2.2 27 1.9 28 1.8 29 1.6 30 1.5 31 ■ 1.4 Note. — Daily discharge in second-fact computed by the Geological Survey from weir records of dis- charge in million gallons per 24 hours. Monthly discharge of Opana ditch near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). 1910, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year IDU. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 20 30 14 25 25 21 4.0 18 24 25 22 30 1.3 1.5 .6 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.1 .2 .3 .2 1.7 1.9 2.3 .8 .3 1.6 1.6 .3 .0 .3 .3 .2 1.0 14.5 7.29 8.13 10.0 8.52 7.65 3.57 5.39 1.09 2.78 2.31 1.34 7.01 7.18 12.6 2.57 6.45 6.41 6.47 1.81 1.51 7.01 4.55 5.29 6.00 5.59 892 405 500 595 524 455 220 331 64.9 171 137 824 5,120 441 700 158 384 394 485 111 92. 417 280 315 369 4,150 NEW HAMAKTTA DITCH AT NAILIILIHAELE WEIR, NEAR HUELO, MATJI. New Hamakua ditch heads at the Alo division weir and receives two-thirds of the water dehvered by the Koolau ditch at that point. It runs through an almost continuous tunnel from the division weir to Nailiilihaele Stream without intercepting any water on the way. The Maui Agricultural Co. maintains a 17-foot Cippoletti weir just above where the ditch crosses Nailiihhaele Stream. This weir shows the total flow of the ditch before water is taken in from Nailiihhaele Stream just below. A clock register is used to record the head on the weir. The records for 1910-11 have been furnished to the Geo- logical Survey by the Maui Agricultural Co. ISLAND OF MAUI. 319 Discharge measurements of New Hamahua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 7 7 C H Pierce Feet. 7.4 7.2 7.4 9.0 Sq.ft. 18.4 15.3 16.9 28.3 Feet. 0.62 0.37 0.51 1.12 Sec.-ft. 26.9 do 12.3 7 . . do 19.5 Dec 9 J. B. Stewart 18.5 Note.— Gage heights obtained by measuring the head on 17-foot Cippoletti weir. Measurements made at upper end of first tunnel above the weir. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New Hamahua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910 1 41 32 27 36 S3 39 88 89 88 87 84 81 79 73 68 63 66 72 82 77 67 60 54 53 51 37 52 88 72 53 49 41 41 35 84 87 87 87 86 38 38 73 88 84 75 81 66 55 49 44 41 38 36 33 30 28 28 44 76 80 82 85 87 87 87 85 81 70 67 87 '"'53' 49 45 43 39 36 37 33 31 30 32 30 28 27 26 37 57 86 88 86 86 84 83 90 91 89 86 82 79 75 70 68 63 79 86 82 77 69 63 67 82 84 87 80 74 63 58 47 43 54 40 34 32 29 27 24 23 21 22 20 19 17 17 48 48 49 51 64 86 82 87 85 82 88 86 86 82 84 78 78 68 72 84 78 81 86 84 81 76 72 76 70 62 56 51 47 45 86 71 81 66 57 59 58 68 67 88 87 85 84 81 86 86 86 86 85 82 83 87 91 88 85 86 84 87 86 87 86 87 87 88 86 89 88 86 86 84 85 83 82 80 74 69 63 59 53 55 51 48 63 76 82 86 84 86 86 86 88 86 85 87 86 80 80 71 74 80 77 49 48 57 85 82 80 81 68 61 56 61 59 49 59 87 88 87 85 79 70 61 56 55 51 62 54 48" 45 40 41 52 ""'76' 70 81 81 81 81 '"'76' 78 82 84 77 70 74 81 69 57 50 59 43 40 78 89 85 86 82 80 78 68 61 71 86 86 81 72 66 62 53 34 14 87 86 86 87 76 74 83 67 56 49 29 37 37 32 27 25 23 22 22 20 20 23 31 23 23 68 67 51 ----- 44 40 42 40 38 35 31 28 27 25 24 22 21 20 20 22 21 20 18 16 Id 15 14 16 14 14 12 14 33 42 68 70 63 56 49 44 69 83 7S 68 85 84 74 66 76 67 74 ^4 79 86 75 83 86 76 51 62 64 60 81 84 68 53 46 38 34 30 28 26 24 33 37 54 63 36 29 25 23 26 29 23 21 85 86 86 86 86 86 '"'87' 86 83 88 76 70 65 64 59 64 53 49 46 20 19 18 28 19 18 18 16 15 15 16 14 14 13 12 13 40 58 69 33 28 23 40 66 37 28 25 39 92 89 78 2 36 3 87 4 90 5 91 6 7 8 9 10 11 36 86 87 87 85 85 85 85 86 85 86 53 23 79 83 84 86 86 85 86 87 12 59 13 55 14 51 15 46 16 44 17 41 18 38 19 36 20 34 21 34 22 36 23 43 24 ^7 25 57 26 47 27 63 28 69 29 54 30 46 31 1911. 26 25 25 24 24 30 33 58 37 30 29 26 54 77 81 59 86 82 80 81 62 2 50 50 4 49 45 66 7 87 88 87 62 8 83 9 68 60 56 12 88 85 80 73 13 1.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 52 65 14 79 85 52 50 46 42 38 86 17 86 ]8 86 19 86 20 86 320 WATEE EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New Hamakua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 35 41 38 41 77 59 76 87 81 66 82 5.7 43 40 56 54 54 39 40 30 29 29 27 26 24 23 24 43 56 9.3 5.3 6.0 4.8 34 39 78 70 69 86 85 86 78 71 77 75 63 58 56 55 82 78 70 65 67 73 75 75 64 62 48 47 52 46 40 36 35 32 30 29 28 52 45 41 70 83 78 62 53 75 83 88 85 87 ""87" 86 87 87 ""si' 44 42 38 39 41 41 34 32 30 28 28 84 85 65 84 76 65 60 86 84 73 84 22 78 23 71 24 67 25 60 26 55 27 52 28 54 29 62 30 56 31 56 Note. — Daily discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from records of daily dis- charge in million gallons per 24 hours, as measured by a 17-foot Cippoletti weir. The ditch was not carrying water on the days for which discharge is not given. Monthly discharge of New Hamakua ditch at Nailiilihaele weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1910. January 1-6 and 11-31 February March April May Jime July August September October November December 1-5 and 12-30 The period 1911. January 16-31 February 1-5, 7-9, and 12-26 . . . March 4-3i April May June July 2-7 and 9-31 August 1-18 and 20-31 September 1-22, 24-27, and 29 . . October 1-6 and 8-31 November December The period , 70.5 66.1 62.7 78.6 76.6 80.1 63.1 69.9 24.8 47.4 31.2 53.4 12 86 35 1.0 23 4.8 55 48 28 20 44 28 24 45 60.3 56.9 56.1 34.2 34.5 75.3 76.7 60.3 46.2 76.2 60.0 57.6 66.4 1.0 58.5 3,780 3,670 3,860 4,680 4,660 4,770 3,880 4,300 1,480 2,910 1,860 2,550 42,400 1,810 2,560 1,920 2,060 4,630 4,560 3,470 2,760 4,030 3,570 3,430 4,080 38,900 Note. — Estimates include only the days when the ditch was carrying water. NEW HAMAKUA DITCH AT HALKHAKU WEIR, NEAR HTTELO. MAUI. The Maui Agricultural Co. maintains a 25-foot Cippoletti weir on the New Hamakua ditch just above the crossing of Halehaku Stream. This weir measures the total flow of the ditch before receiving water from Halehaku Stream. A clock register is used for recording the head on the weir. The records for 1910-11 have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Maui Agricultural Co. ISLAND OF MAUI. 321 Discharge measurements of New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 6 6 Feet. 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Sq.ft. 34.8 34.8 32.7 30.6 Feet. 0.852 .845 .662 .405 Sec.-ft. 71.8 do 70.8 6 do 46.3 6 do 20.9 Note. — Gage heights obtained by measuring the head on 25-foot Cippoletti weir. Measurements made at lower end of tunnel just above the weir. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 63 54 66 70 77 66 60 31 29 32 75 97 89 90 89 88 87 87 87 88 89 89 87 88 88 93 92 92 93 95 88 23 24 22 24 23 19 10 9.8 9.1 17 17 25 20 15 57 56 54 67 71 75 88 85 88 88 89 89 88 86 . 82 80 82 83 81 83 79 74 71 61 65 64 65 86 82 66 62 58 59 63 91 86 84 82 83 68 85 85 78 29 53 84 84 84 82 71 68 62 SO 57 66 69 77 86 86 83 85 78 69 65 68 70 72 63 72 67 62 61 82 102 86 85 84 84 84 84 85 89 86 77 83 "h'.i 66 84 85 83 78 72 61 63 63 59 56 61 73 71 67 56 56 74 86 86 86 84 83 86 88 88 86 88 87 86 88 89 88 86 "87 84 87 88 86 80 83 85 87 86 85 84 84 81 51 49 60 61 65 60 61 47 45 51 50 50 45 43 41 40 72 72 69 70 81 84 86 87 86 90 86 84 87 86 88 87 86 85 85 86 85 85 84 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 80 82 81 77 88 86 90 89 88 88 88 88 85 82 84 83 85 86 88 85 83 86 87 88 87 84 84 85 88 88 87 90 91 87 86 88 90 86 86 87 84 85 85 84 87 87 86 86 83 92 94 79 81 82 82 84 85 85 85 86 85 84 85 86 86 87 85 84 84 87 86 85 84 85 86 88 89 85 84 85 83 86 81 84 84 86 87 86 86 85 83 84 90 91 88 86 86 87 85 86 85 87 83 77 76 82 59 83 85 84 84 86 84 58 85 85 87 85 83 83 84 89 91 90 94 94 . 80 76 88 87 90 91 86 85 86 85 89 91 88 86 84 85 91 93 91 88 84 87 86 87 88 88 85 85 87 86 86 60 69 65 59 52 48 46 44 44 41 42 45 66 46 44 88 87 85 88 86 85 81 71 71 77 75 69 64 60 56 54 50 47 45 45 49 44 42 39 36 35 35 35 38 32 31 29 36 47 83 97 97 88 88 86 87 88 88 85 84 83 83 86 90 93 89 89 87 88 84 84 86 85 85 83 84 84 84 86 86 84 83 83 81 78 75 71 66 61 65 78 82 90 81 71 64 58 63 63 55 50 81 86 86 86 83 85 78 86 85 86 80 85 85 84 83 82 83 83 84 80 47 44 43 71 47 44 44 40 38 39 40 35 33 32 31 34 70 86 85 73 66 56 71 88 79 69 62 69 80 85 46 45 43 41 41 50 53 82 66 54 51 44 78 86 83 83 85 84 86 86 87 2 62 3 62 4 36 5 60 6 44 7 12 8 8.4 9 32 10 47 11 59 12 8.4 13 21 14 65 15 65 16 64 17 64 18 64 19 64 20 63 21 62 22 64 23 62 24 54 25 29 26 49 27 59 28 42 29 84 84 31 44 1911. 85 2 82 85 4 84 73 6 73 7 82 84 9 86 80 84 12 82 83 14 77 86 16 84 17 82 82 19 82 20 88 74323°— wsp 318— 13- -21 322 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo, Mam, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb: Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec. 1911. 21 77 75 77 80 82 86 83 84 85 82 85 52 74 69 70 63 44 27 68 71 60 59 59 58 56 52 54 58 51 78 76 71 11 1.6 4.0 4.1 83 77 78 84 87 55 86 83 81 86 85 85 85 84 84 86 84 61 83 84 84 84 84 91 88 87 89 84 80 77 72 68 64 60 58 89 84 78 89 88 88 83 88 86 88 83 84 84 85 84 86 87 85 86 87 81 76 74 69 65 68 68 57 55 53 51 48 84 82 28 46 89 87 87 86 84 86 90 22 90 23 89 24 84 25 83 26 86 27 87 28 86 29 86 30 85 31 85 Note.— Daily discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from records of daily discharge in million gallons per 24 hours. The ditch was not carrying water on Feb. 28 and Mar. 1, 1911. Monthly discharge of New Hamakua ditch at Halehaku weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1910 January February M arch April May June July August September October November December The year 1911 January February 1-27 March 2-31 AprU May June July August September October November December The year a 97 29 58 61 81 77 79 76 76 29 50 31 8.4 78.0 76.7 77.7 85.7 84.3 86.1 85.0 86.7 50.9 75.8 56.7 52.3 4,800 4,260 4,780 5,100 5,180 5,120 5,230 5,330 3,030 4,660 3,370 3,220 8.4 74.9 54,100 9.1 27 9.4 1.6 55 61 58 41 81 48 28 73 49.5 69.1 62.8 52.9 84.7 84.3 80.6 69.3 87.0 76.0 68.2 83.7 3,040 3,700 3,740 3,150 5,210 5,020 4,960 4,260 5,180 4,670 4,060 5,150 97 1.6 72.4 52,100 o For 363 days. OLD HAMAKT7A DITCH AT OPANA WEIR, NEAR HTTELO, MAITI. The Maui Agricultural Co. maintains a 20-foot Cippoletti weir and clock register on the Old Hamakua ditch a short distance below the crossing of Opana Stream. The discharge at this point gives the total quantity of water received by the Old Hamakua ditch east of that point. The records for 1910-11 have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Maui Agricultural Co. ISLAND OF MAUI. 323 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Old Hamakua ditch at Opana weir, near Euelo, Maui, for 1910-11. 29 22 11 12 37 29 4.1 2.7 3.4 22 24 36 42 42 29 35 41 42 33 34 38 40 40 34 32 30 34 33 31 34 40 17 25 14 33 35 26 29 22 20 37 35 34 38 35 29 33 29 20 12 5.7 1.4 1.6 2.2 27 16 22 30 41 32 Feb. 31 34 24 25 34 15 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 6.6 12 15 25 12 25 5.9 12 11 32 41 34 35 34 32 29 25 18 11 5.6 4.2 1.9 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.8 10 29 36 40 40 43 44 40 35 32 30 40 4.8 5.6 14 7.7 2.8 1.7 1.6 2.6 11 14 1.9 .6 .6 4.6 1.9 1.1 1.0 4.2 25 24 10 13 5.6 5.6 4.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 5.9 39 Apr. 42 33 36 17 4.0 .6 2.5 14 12 1.9 .5 .5 .6 .5 .3 May. 23 38 34 42 41 36 43 40 41 37 32 29 27 20 20 34 27 28 28 26 24 23 24 24 22 20 16 7.1 1.0 1.0 38 26 24 23 21 21 26 23 17 42 42 41 28 14 41 43 39 42 41 30 23 31 31 36 27 25 25 24 23 23 11 18 June. 41 41 41 37 36 33 38 38 42 40 42 40 43 40 42 41 40 41 38 38 38 34 35 33 8.7 8.4 27 14 18 8.7 15 25 36 36 40 41 41 40 41 40 41 38 35 39 32 34 29 28 28 23 22 9.0 24 19 25 33 32 35 44 18 July. 4.5 1.6 14 37 33 33 37 33 25 18 14 16 6.5 11 42 42 37 34 30 26 23 14 9.0 4.9 12 11 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 4.0 19 26 29 35 33 37 37 29 40 40 44 41 36 29 28 32 24 13 1.4 6.8 1.4 4.8 3.1 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Aug. 3.2 1.1 32 43 34 33 32 33 32 27 20 29 40 42 38 33 20 13 4.2 30 44 42 41 38 41 39 32 36 24 16 5.4 0.6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .6 .5 .5 13 14 3.2 39 24 8.5 .6 .4 15 34 36 28 9.6 32 43 35 Sept. 2.3 1.6 16 16 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 .6 .6 1.0 1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .5 .5 7.3 41 Oct. 17 14 24 23 14 2.5 23 43 36 30 43 41 34 16 18 25 30 40 30 43 4C 43 40 41 41 43 42 42 41 19 27 38 43 33 26 27 27 27 33 41 31 26 20 9.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 10 14 3.2 1.1 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .6 .6 34 42 42 42 39 36 30 43 39 35 33 33 27 23 21 19 21 7.7 2.5 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 Nov. 0.6 .5 .5 2.5 3.9 14 21 6.8 3.1 .5 .1 21 5.9 1.0 1.0 13 42 41 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 17 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 12 37 39 24 42 34 29 34 45 43 40 37 33 24 19 41 34 30 Dec. 42 41 42 42 42 21 20 22 33 23 28 44 43 43 36 29 23 18 15 13 10 18 9.6 33 36 31 36 40 33 25 31 22 16 12 11 11 29 16 38 24 23 17 12 17 35 46 42 40 41 42 37 31 27 25 26 2.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 Note. — Daily discharge in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from records of daily dis- charge in million gallons per 24 hours. 324 WATEE BESOUBCES OP HAWAIL Monthly discharge of Old Hamakua ditch at Opana weir, near Eiuelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. 1910, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911 January February March. April May June July August September October November December The year Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. MlnimnTn Mean 2.7 13 1.4 13 1.0 8.4 1.4 1.1 .5 .6 .1 9.6 1.4 .6 .6 .3 11 9.0 .6 .3 2.S 1.1 1.0 1.1 29.6 29.3 24.3 31.0 27.3 33.9 18.7 29.0 3.63 14.6 6.16 29.8 23.1 24.6 22.0 7.07 20.0 28.4 31.4 19.2 11.0 31.3 18.9 20.9 21.0 21.3 Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). 1,820 1,630 1,490 1,840 1,680 2,020 1,150 1,780 216 898 367 1,830 16,800 1,510 1,220 435 1,198 1,750 1,870 1,180 676 1,860 1,160 1,240 1,290 15,400 KALTTANXTI DITCH AT PTTUOMALEI, NEAR HAMAKtrAPOKO, MAFI. Kaluanui ditch heads in Opana Stream at an elevation of 2,500 feet. It collects water from several small streams above Puuomalei and finally joins the New Hamakua ditch west of Maliko Gulch. The Maui Agricultural Co. maintains a small weir on this ditch and has furnished the records for 1910-11 to the Geological Survey. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaluanui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakuapoko, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 2.5 2.5 4.2 5.3 5.3 6.2 7.1 ' 4.5 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.3 6.2 7.1 5.4 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.9 6.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.9 6.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.9 6.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.4 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 6.2 4.5 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 6.2 4.5 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.6 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 6.2 4.5 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.4 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 4.0 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.1 4.8 4.8 5.9 7.1 6.2 7.1 4.6 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.1 4.8 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 4.8 4.8 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 4.8 5.3 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 1.9 2.8 3.1 4.8 5.3 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 2.5 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.3 5.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 4.5 3.1 3.9 4.8 5.3 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 6.2 6.3 S.1 4.3 4.S h^ «.§ 7.1 7.1 7.1 3.1 S.2 6.3 Dec. 1910. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 , 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 , 17 , 18 18 , ao .^.^ 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 ISLAND OF MAUI. 325 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaluanui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakaapoko, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 21 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 7.1 7.1 6.2 6.2 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.9 6.2 6.2 9.0 4.8 7.2 7.2 4.8 4.8 . 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.3 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1- 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 8.8 8.8 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.9 L4 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 3.1 3.1 3.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 7.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.4 6.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.9 6.3 3.1 3.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 5.4 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 5.4 5.4 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.4 5 4 22 23 5 4 24 5 4 25 5 4 2tj 5 4 27 5 4 28 5 4 29 5.4 5 4 30 31 6.4 7 1 1911. 1 7 1 3 7 1 7 1 5 7 1 6 7 1 7.1 8 7 1 7 1 10 7.1 11 7.1 12 7.1 13 7 1 7.1 15 7.1 16 7,1 7.1 18 7.1 19 7.1 20 7.1 21 7.1 22 7.1 23 7.1 24. 7.1 25 7.1 26 7.1 27 7.1 28 7.1 29 7. 1 30 7.1 31 7.1 Note. — Daily discharge in second-^eet computed by the Geological Survey from weir records of daily discharge in million gallons per 24 hours. Monthly discharge of Kaluanui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakuapoko, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Eun-ofl (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 1910. 3.1 4.2 7.2 5.3 6.2 7.1 7.1 8.8 7.1 6.2 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.5 3.6 4.8 5.3 6.2 6.2 4.5 2.5 3.9 1.9 5.4 2.69 3.36 4.66 5.07 5.94 6.96 7.64 6.98 4.30 5.83 3.91 5.68 165 February 187 March 287 302 May 365 June 414 July 470 August 429 September 256 October 35S November 233 December 349 The year 8.8 L9 5.27 3,820 326 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Monthly discharge of Kahianui ditch at Puuomalei, near Hamakuapoho, Maui, for 1910-11— Continued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-oft (total in acre-feet). 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 5.4 9.0 7.9 7.1 7.9 7.1 7.1 5.4 7.9 9.0 7.9 7.1 5.4 5.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 0.0 1.4 5.4 3.9 3.1 7.1 5.40 6.85 7.38 7.10 7.28 7.10 4.90 3.07 7.04 6.17 5.06 7.10 332 380 454 422 448 422 301 189 419 379 301 437 9.0 6.20 LOWRIE DITCH AT OPANA WEIR, NEAR HUELO, MAITI. The Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. maintains a 16J-foot weir on the Lowrie ditch a short distance west of Halehaku Gulch and has kindly furnished the records for 1910-11 to the Geological Survey. Discharge measurements of Lowrie ditch at Opana weir near Hv£lo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 11 Dec 6 Pierce and CoUins Feet. 6.0 6.0 Sq.ft. 15.4 27.6 Feet. 1.10 1.33 Sec.-ft. 63.1 J. B. Stewart 91.8 Note.— Gage heights obtained by measuring the head on a 16§-foot weir. Measurements made a short distance below the weir. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lowrie ditch at Opana weir, near Tluelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 93 93 92 99 96 80 88 90 90 89 76 53 91 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 88 88 88 90 91 92 92 92 92 92 89 84 91 92 94 94 91 93 94 82 72 92 81 92 91 88 82 83 93 90 94 94 93 93 94 93 83 78 81 67 63 65 64 80 92 89 89 92 95 94 95 95 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 93 95 95 95 94 74 96 96 95 96 95 95 95 95 94 95 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 95 95 95 95 96 95 96 96 96 96 96 96 95 95 95 93 92 64 88 95 95 93 89 95 95 95 95 87 88 95 94 94 94 95 94 94 93 93 93 92 83 69 82 92 87 92 94 93 92 91 92 92 90 92 93 91 91 92 92 92 92 91 89 84 89 86 76 87 94 89 90 90 90 90 90 89 91 93 92 91 91 90 90 88 92 94 91 92 91 93 92 92 92 91 89 66 50 75 65 62 57 55 53 50 48 56 47 45 43 40 39 38 45 48 38 90 88 92 92 90 90 89 91 91 92 92 92 89 83 61 59 82 69 61 62 85 81 89 83 84 47 45 43 72 43 43 46 40 38 39 46 36 34 32 30 32 82 90 90 85 84 62 71 90 87 95 2 97 3 96 4 96 5 101 6 99 7 82 8 47 9 23 10 55 11 92 12 94 13 d3 14 92 15 95 16 91 17 84 18 79 19 81 20 88 21 88 22 95 23 73 24, 96 25 73 ISLAND OF MAUI. 327 Daily discharge, in second-feet^ of Lowrie ditch at Opana weir, near Hitelo, Maui, for 1910-11— Gontmned. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 90 84 73 94 94 92 85 91 40 73 88 93 85 96 94 94 92 81 63 36 57 72 93 82 94 94 86 89 78 94 42 69 82 92 95 93 66 92 77 92 65 75 91 92 95 92 63 85 74 92 91 60 94 89 95 93 83 92 52 93 96 93 90 87 72 81 71 82 84 44 93 96 92 80 88 83 80 85 83 85 42 92 96 92 93 87 85 81 83 83 86 40 93 96 86 85 86 85 82 77 80 86 38 93 96 86 77 86 89 81 77 81 85 39 93 100 82 74 88 87 82 61 80 85 52 94 95 77 70 88 90 80 52 82 88 40 94 96 72 64 87 89 80 53 82 87 73 64 96 70 61 93 88 81 54 82 85 65 95 96 77 57 90 92 80 49 83 84 62 95 82 50 63 87 89- 82 51 83 83 51 95 66 63 62 89 89 81 57 82 84 44 95 48 57 56 91 90 79 79 82 83 66 94 50 60 49 90 89 80 59 82 84 78 94 78 91 43 89 88 82 46 83 83 79 95 88 71 46 88 88 84 72 84 81 74 95 76 73 82 88 89 82 81 83 82 79 95 71 61 77 87 90 82 78 85 80 76 91 68 73 71 87 90 82 82 85 81 74 92 71 86 83 80 90 82 79 88 78 75 86 71 77 82 89 90 82 79 89 73 69 84 80 69 83 82 91 82 78 86 72 63 87 80 60 94 83 86 83 79 89 67 24 93 83 64 89 85 85 79 82 87 61 87 94 91 67 93 85 85 73 82 85 63 88 94 93 64 93 86 87 79 80 85 58 87 94 94 73 89 86 85 78 80 85 58 86 95 95 69 88 85 86 79 79 86 54 89 95 54 87 85 87 61 85 86 50 87 95 30 88 85 86 28 83 99 48 87 95 62 85 64 83 47 1910. 26 27 28 29 30 31 1911. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 82 Note.— Daily discharge Jan. 1, 1910, to Aug. 31, 1911, computed by the Geological Survey from records of head on 16§-foot weir. Discharge Sept. 1 to Dec. 31, 1911, in second-feet computed by the Geological Survey from weir records of discharge in million gallons per 24 hours. Monthly discharge of Lowrie ditch at Opana weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1910, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 99 94 96 96 96 95 94 94 92 92 94 101 101 53 89.0 72 88.9 64 86.4 74 93.7 63 93.1 64 91.5 69 87.6 63 89.5 36 58.3 52 79.5 30 61.1 23 85.4 5,470 4,940 5,310 5,580 5,720 5,440 5,390 5,500 3,470 4,890 3,640 5,250 60,600 328 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAWAH. Monthly discharge of Lovtrrie ditch at Opana, near Httelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Contd. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Yimnm Minimum. Mean Run-off (total in acre-feet). 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 95 100 93 94 93 92 84 85 92.2 83.9 71.0 75.6 86.8 87.3 77.8 72.1 84.4 75.0 65.3 83.2 5,670 4,660 4,370 4,500 5,340 5,190 4,780 4,430 5,020 4,610 3,890 5,120 100 79.5 57,600 HAIKTT DITCH AT PEAHI WEIR, liTEAR HTTELO, MATTI. The Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. maintains a 16J-foot weir on the Haiku ditch a short distance west of Halehaku Gulch and has furnished the records for 1910-11 to the Geological Survey. Discharge measurements of Haiku ditch at Pedhi weir, near Huelo, Maui, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Apr. 11 Dec. 6 Pierce and Collins Feet. 9.7 12.2 Sq.ft. 13.9 59.9 Feet. 0.62 1.32 Sec.-ft. 29.4 J. B. Stewart 82.0 Note. — Gage height obtained by measuring the head on a 16§-foot weir. Measurements made a short distance below the weir. Daily discharge, in second feet, of Haiku ditch at Pedhi weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 41 22 11 39 74 80 80 79 77 77 80 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 78 80 80 79 81 81 77 82 82 80 84 84 82 82 77 57 50 55 59 60 70 85 55 51 71 39 16 26 81 79 68 39 40 32 71 82 81 81 81 81 62 39 40 43 42 43 37 20 5 5 27 82 83 83 83 83 83 &5 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 85 82 85 85 72 53 52 54 60 83 82 83 81 56 58 56 82 56 81 83 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 84 81 61 61 90 85 83 85 85 85 71 62 80 58 84 77 74 76 84 83 85 85 85 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 85 85 85 84 83 83 85 86 53 47 49 81 84 84 84 84 84 53 77 77 65 70 84 84 84 84 84 84 67 66 75 66 75 18 8 60 87 86 85 85 85 85 84 76 83 86 85 85 85 70 56 50 82 86 86 87 86 85 73 61 69 49 55 53 41 11 8 6 3 2 1 .8 .4 .4 C .8 1 84 82 85 84 79 82 76 85 85 83 81 68 71 65 57 28 24 6 5 5 48 50 80 49 20 5 4 39 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 19 73 82 51 23 6 28 76 64 87 2. 87 3 86 4 86 5 86 6 82 7 61 8 67 9.. 74 10 48 11 70 12... . .. 75 13 64 14 20 15 20 16 15 17 11 18 11 19 12 20 12 21 11 22 ■.. 16 23 11 24 75 25 82 ISLAND OF MAUI. 329 Dfdly discharge, in second-feet, of Haiku ditch at Peahi weir, near Huelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 26 80 81 71 76 82 82 85 84 85 85 71 88 87 89 86 86 84 90 86 85 84 71 82 73 39 9 13 13 14 71 76 20 87 87 86 53 86 25 18 37 86 85 85 85 85 91 85 85 85 86 85 86 86 86 86 55 35 33 25 17 13 15 15 28 25 21 49 79 83 83 83 83 84 81 85 85 72 40 40 31 13 21 31 36 27 32 43 46 53 31 22 36 26 46 6 9 5 3 3 3 30 37 35 20 54 82 82 81 57 51 58 41 71 34 25 15 13 11 13 28 25 22 20 17 7 21 63 69 64 70 77 72 77 76 76 76 76 75 76 76 54 46 40 32 19 72 76 75 72 54 50 74 73 71 78 76 76 76 76 77 74 76 76 76 75 77 78 76 76 76 76 76 77 76 72 69 60 62 72 64 77 68 46 76 72 76 76 76 76 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 73 77 76 75 76 76 70 58 58 22 8 8 22 74 76 76 76 76 76 76 ■ 76 76 76 76 40 76 76 76 77 75 66 71 70 59 57 68 55 33 6 15 5 5 33 17 84 85 85 85 85 75 20 27 4 3 2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .0 .6 1 22 2 2 46 73 49 74 74 49 43 31 58 71 75 75 61 71 77 77 1 - .8 6 15 79 77 76 78 75 61 58 74 80 79 77 77 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 81 79 80 82 84 83 82 82 83 83 85 9 10 16 9 7 6 73 76 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 73 69 59 66 77 42 12 8 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 19 8 27 86 86 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 37 33 7 4 3 53 77 83 76 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 74 82 79 79 82 27 86 28 85 29 66 30 49 31 79 1911. 1 60 2 73 3 60 4 53 5 35 6 66 65 8 84 81 10 79 11 77 54 13 79 73 15 83 16 83* 17 83 18 83 19 83 20 83 21 83 22 83 ^ 75 24 81 25 83 26 70 27 47 28 47 29 58 30 45 56 Note.— Daily discharge Jan. 1, 1910, to Aug. 31, 1911, computed by the Geological Survey from records of head on 16J-foot weir. Daily discharge Sept. 1 to Dec. 31, 1911, computed by the Geological Survey from weir records of discharge in million gallons per 24 hours. Monthly discharge of Haiku ditch at Peahi weir, near Hu£lo, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum Mean Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). 1910 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 73.3 60.5 61.5 74.7 71.9 80.7 65.2 76.5 17.9 49.6 24.9 54.8 59.4 4,510 3,360 3,780 4,440 4,420 4,800 4,010 4,700 1,070 3,050 1,480 3,370 43,000 330 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Haiku ditch at Peahi weir, near Euelo, Maui, for 1910-11 — Contd. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Kun-off (total in acre-feet). 1911 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 69.5 60.6 32.9 47.8 73.2 74.5 58.5 35.1 78.2 46.3 51.0 69.8 58.0 4,270 3,370 2,020 2,840 4,500 4,430 3,600 2,160 4,650 2,850 3,030 4,290 42,000 MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS ON EAST MAUI. The following miscellaneous measurements of streams, ditches, and pumping plants on East Maui were made during 1911. The meas- urements of streams and ditches are arranged in order from east to west. Miscellaneous measurements of streams on East Maui in 1911. Date. Stream. Tributary to— Locality. dis- charge. Jan. 18 Kailua Stream do Just below intake of old Hamakua ditch, near Huelo, Maui. do See.-ft. 9.2 25 do 18.8 18 25 Nailiilihaeleliilii do Nailiilihaele Stream. do Just above intake of old Hamakua ditch, near Huelo, Maui. do 5.8 9.7 Miscellaneous measurements of ditches on East Maui in 1911 Date. Ditch. Diversion from — Locality. Gage height. Dis- charge. Nov. 19 Koolau Various streams do 1,000 feet below Nahiku Weir, near Nahiku, Maui. do Feet. a 1.16 fc3.53 cl.24 d.97 dl.25 Sec.-ft. 36.6 Dec. 16 do 37.9 Nov. 2 Spreckels do 125 feet below Oopuola Stream, near Huelo, Maui. 12 feet above crest of weir near Hamakuapoko, Maui. Just below weir near Hama- kuapoko, Maui. do 31.2 Sept. 6 Apr. 10 Sept. 5 Apr. 10 Sept. 6 6 Lowrie do 89.0 do do do do 51.0 74.0 do . .do Between fields 77 and 80, near Keahua, Maui. do ?49.3 do do 68.0 Diversion e Lowrie ditch Various streams 8.5 Apr. 10 Haiku Above weir near Hamakua- poko, Maul. /.93 47.9 a Distance from top of right cement wall to water surface in channel of approach, 11.2 feet back of weir crest. b Distance to water surface from tack on left bank, 125 feet below Oopuola stream. c Head over 10-panel division weir. Nine panels only were delivering water. d Head over 10-panel division weir; measurement represents discharge over 9 panels only, e This ditch carries the flow of one panel of the 10-panel division weir. / Head on weir. e Loss of 1.7 second feet by seepage between Hamakuapodo weir and this point. ISLAin) OF MAUI. 831 Miscellaneous measurements of pumping plants on East Maui in 1911. Date. Pump. Locality. Dis- charge. Sept. 4 4 Riedler No. 1 Station No. 1 near Paia Sec.-ft. 6.9 do ... do 6.9 4 Riedler No. 2 do 6.7 6 do 7.5 5 Riedler No. 1 Station No. 2 in Maliko Gulch, near Hamakuapoko. . .do 6.5 5 Riedler No 2 . . 4.6 11 Station No. 1, near Puunene 12.8 13 Roots rotary Station No. 2, near Puunene Station No. 3, near Puunene 5.3 13 Risdon 9.2 9 Station No. 4, near Puunene 12.0 11 Station No. 5, near Puunene 20.5 11 Riedler " B " do 18.3 12 Station No. 1 K, near Kihei 8.1 12 Riedler Station N". 3 T^, nnar TTihfii . 12.6 PUMPED WATER ON EAST MAUI. Considerable water is pumped for irrigation on the west end of East Maui and on the isthmus connecting East and West Maui. About 15 pumping stations have been established by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. and the Maui Agricultural Co. These pump- ing stations are only run during parts of the year when there is a shortage in the gravity supply delivered by the ditches. These com- panies have kindly furnished records of the amount of water pumped monthly, as indicated by pump displacement, to the Geological Survey. Monthly summary of water pumped by the Maui Agricultural Co. at Paia, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. Mean quantity pumped daily. Million gallons. Second- Total quantity pumped. Million gallons. Acre-feet. January February . . March , April May June July August September. October November . December . . The year. January February.. March April May June July August September. October November. December . . The year. 0.0 .0 .30 .0 .0 .0 3.12 3.21 20.4 11.0 10.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .68 .0 .0 8.35 20.1 10.4 6.32 4.83 .0 0.0 .0 .46 .0 .0 .0 4.83 4.97 31.6 17.0 16.0 .0 0.0 .0 9.3 .0 .0 .0 96.9 99.5 613 340 310 .0 1,470 .0 .0 .0 1.06 .0 .0 12.9 31.2 16.1 9.79 7.48 .0 .0 .0 .0 20.3 .0 .0 259 624 312 196 145 .0 1,560 0.0 .0 28.6 .0 .0 .0 297 305 1,880 1,040 951 .0 4,500 .0 .0 .0 62.4 .0 .0 795 1,920 957 602 445 .0 4.780 Note. — The above summary has been compiled by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Maui Agricultural Co. It represents the amount of underground water raised by six pumps, four of which are located at Paia and two in Maliko Golch, near Haiku. The measurements were obtained by means of pump displacement. 332 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Monthly summary of water pumped by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. at Puunene, Maui, for 1910-11. Month. January February. . March April , May June July August September. October November. December.. The year. January.. February. March April June July August September. October November. December.. The year. Mean quantity pumped daily. Million gallons. 0.46 .00 4.48 .00 6.42 7.07 39.0 43.5 70.3 65.5 64.3 .00 .00 .00 1.14 3.77 2.66 8.60 41.0 75.2 60.0 54.5 50.0 .00 Second- feet. 0.71 .00 6.95 .00 9.94 10.9 60.0 67.4 109 101 99.5 .00 .00 .00 1.77 5.83 4.12 13.3 63.5 116 93.0 84.4 77.5 .00 Total quantity pumped. Million gallons. 14.2 .0 139 .0 199 212 1,210 1,350 2,110 2,030 1,930 9,190 .0 .0 35.4 113 82.4 258 1,270 2,330 1,800 1,690 1,500 .0 Acre-feet. 43.6 .0 427 .0 611 651 3,710 4,140 6,480 6,230 5,920 28, 200 109 347 253 792 3,900 7,150 5,520 5,190 4,600 Note. — The above summary has been compiled by the Geological Survey from records furnished by the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar C!o. It represents the amount of underground water raised by 11 steam pumps, several of which were only worting for short periods. The measurements were obtained by means of pump displacement. ISLAND OF HAWAII. GENERAL FEATURES. The island of Hawaii is situated at the southeastern end of the group. It is separated from Maui on the northwest by Alenuihaha Channel, 26 miles wide. Keahole Point, the westernmost part of Hawaii, is about 70 miles due south from Hana at the east end of Maui. Mahukona on the northwest is the landing nearest Honolulu, and distant 134 miles. Hilo, the largest town and principal port, is 206 miles from Honolulu by the nearest sailing route. (See PI. XV, at end of volume.) In shape Hawaii is approximately triangular, the vertices being at the north, east, and south. The western side is about 90 miles long, the northeastern about 85 miles, and the southeastern about 75 miles. The total area of the island is 4,015 square miles. This is more than twice the combined area of Maui, Oahu, and Kauai, and is 62.7 per cent of the total area of the group. The island is somewhat smaller than Connecticut and considerably larger than Porto Rico. rSLAJSD OF HAW AIL 333 Hawaii Island has been formed by the coalescence of four large volcanoes, namely, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, and Mauna Loa. The first three are extinct, but Mauna Loa has two active craters, Mokuaweoweo at the summit and Kilauea on the side. These four mountains are situated at the corners of a parallelogram, the sides of which are about 25 miles. The Kohala Mountains, at the northern angle of the parallelogram, were the first formed. They are probably as old as West Maui and doubtless formed an island of about the same size. The north- eastern base originally extended several miles farther out to sea, as indicated by the chffs along the northern coast which are 800 to 1,000 feet high and appear to have been caused by marine erosion almost entirely. This coast is also deeply dissected by canyons, one of which, Waipio, extends southward 4 or 5 miles into 'the mountain, thence westward several miles farther toward the summit. Waimanu is another large but short canyon, which has almost cut through into Waipio behind it. Other important gulches or canyons farther west are Awini, Honokane, and Pololu, the largest of which is Honokane. Horse trails extend westward to Waimanu and eastward to Awini. Between these two canyons the northern coast of Kohola ?s impas- sable. The summit of the mountain appears to consist of a group of cinder cones and is 5,490 feet above the sea. The rainfall is exceedingly heavy on the northeastern slope, 363 inches being recorded in the upper Waipio Valley at elevation 4,080 feet during 1911. The amount diminishes toward the north and west to 200 inches at Honokane and 45 or 50 inches on the extreme north near Mahukona. On the leeward side the region is semiarid below elevation 1,500 feet. At higher elevations there are occasional rains but the water quickly disappears. Waipio River is the largest stream in this part of the island. It has been partly developed for irrigation by the Hawaiian Irrigation Co. Farther north Awini, Honokane, and Pololu streams furnish the sup- ply for the Kohala ditch. This ditch carries the water west to the cane lands of Kohala. Between Waipio and Awini there are numer- ous gulches carrying water, the largest being Waimanu, with a low- water flow of about 50 second-feet. Niulii and a few other short streams appear to the west of Pololu. These are all small and are diverted by the plantations for irrigation. To the west and south of Kohala there are no running streams, the storm waters running off so quickly that for the greater part of the year the gulches are dry. Mauna Kea (white mountain) is the second oldest mountain on the island. It is at the east corner of the parallelogram formed by the four mountain masses and is only about 18 miles from the northeast coast. In order of extinction it is probably next after Haleakala, on East Maui, but, unhke Haleakala, it has no crater on the summit. 334 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAH. Its highest point is 13,825 feet above sea level, making it not only the highest mountain in Hawaii but the highest island mountain in the world. The northeastern base probably extended several miles farther seaward at one time, as indicated by the cliffs, which are high and precipitous. On the eastern slope are numerous gulches, some of which, such as Hakalau, Maulua, and Laupahoehoe, are large, but none of which extend back very far from the sea. The upper (windward) side (north and east) of the mountain has been affected but little by erosion, and the lee side exhibits little evidence of weathering. The region of greatest rainfall is on the eastern slope and at eleva- tion from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. The available records for that eleva- tion indicate a rainfall of about 300 inches a year. A large number of streams rise in the forest on the eastern slope below 6,000 feet eleva- tion. Wailuku River (PI. IX, A), on the south, is the largest, with Honolii (PI. IX, B) next in size. Waipahoehoe, Hanawai, Kawainui, and other streams to the number of 60 enter the sea between Hilo and Laupahoehoe. Some of the largest gulches, Uke Kolekole and Maulua, have but a small surface flow near the sea, much of the water disappearing in the coarse alluvial deposits. From Laupahoehoe northward the streams are intermittent, most of them being dry for the greater part of the year. Hualalai, at the west corner of the parallelogram of mountains, is much younger than Mauna Kea; it is also much smaller. Its slopes, unbroken by cliffs or gulches, are gentle near the sea but steep higher up. Lava last flowed from this mountain in 1801 on the northwest side. There is no crater on the summit. The rainfall is light on the slopes of Hualalai, as the moisture-laden trade winds are shut off by Mauna Kea on the northeast. The avail- able records show an amount varying from 25 to 60 inches a year. There are no running streams on this side of the island. Mauna Loa (great or long mountain) is sUghtly south of the center of the island and embraces with its slopes the entire southern half of Hawaii. The summit platform, comprising several square miles, lie's at an altitude of 13,675 feet and surrounds the crater of Mokua- weoweo. The crater is 3.7 miles long, 1.74 miles wide, 9.5 miles in circumference, and 3.70 square miles in area. The lava lake in the lower part of the crater is active only at times, its activity always preceding an outburst from the side of the mountain. Nine lava flows from the flanks of Mauna Loa have occurred during the last 100 years. Kdlauea, the largest active crater in the world, is on the south- eastern slope of Mauna Loa. It is a huge pit, 2.93 miles long, 1.95 miles wide, 7.85 miles in circumference, and 4.14 square miles in area. The outer rim of the crater reaches an altitude of 3,970 feet U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 313 PLATE IX A. WAILUKU RIVER AT 2,500 FEET ELEVATION NEAR HILO, HAWAII. B. HONOLII RIVER AT KAIWIKI, NEAR HILO, HAWAI TYPICAL MOUNTAIN STREAMS. ISLAND OF HAWAII. 335 on the nortli side, dropping to 3,500 feet on the floor of the crater below. On the southwest the side walls are broken away, giving east access to the flow of the crater and the pit of Halemaumau, or lake of fire. Here one may stand on the edge of the pit and see the molten lava boiling and spouting at a distance of from 100 to 300 feet below. The level of the lake varies according to its activity, at times rising nearly to the rim. At ordinary stages it is about 500 feet long by 300 feet wide. Kilauea is a volcano of the cauldron type and has never been known to have an explosive eruption. The formation of this part of the island is still too recent for many geologic changes to have taken place. Many of the lava flows still remain black and barren wastes. (See PI. VIII, B.) At other places where there has been sufficient rainfall the lava has been disintegrated and a luxuriant vegetation has sprung up. There are no surface streams on this part of Hawaii, as, owing to the extremely open and porous nature of the surface covering, the water immediately disappears. Numerous springs appear at low elevations along the south coast, some of the largest being at Punaluu. The Punaluu Springs appear at the edge of the sea and are submerged at high tide. The flow of these springs is about 30 or 40 second-feet. At Kapoho, on the east point of the island, warm water flows from Beams in the rocks. These ''warm springs" flow into a pool about 100 feet long, 25 feet wide, and 20 feet deep. The pool is entirely surrounded by rocks and its color varies in shade from a beautiful blue to violet. As sea water mingles with the water from the springs, the pool is brackish. Waiapele, or Green Lake, is a body of fresh water in the pit of an old crater near Kapoho. The lake covers an area of about 5 acres and is fed by springs below the surface. The dull green color of the lake is probably due to reflection from the sides of the pit, which are covered with guava bushes and pahala and coconut trees. A pump- ing plant takes water from this lake for domestic uses and for irriga- tion. At several places along the coast springs appear below the surface of the sea, and from some of these drinking water can be obtained. As the only surface streams on the island of Hawaii are found along the northeast coast between Hilo and Kohala in the districts of North and South Hilo, Hamakua, and North Kohala, they have been considered in three groups, namely, the Hilo group, the Hamakua group, and the Kohala group. The streams are considered in order from southeast to northwest. 336 WATER RESOURCES OP HAWAH. HILO GROUP OF STREAMS. GENERAL FEATURES. The Hilo group of streams drains the eastern slope of Mauna Kea from Hilo north to Laupahoehoe and is included in the two political districts of North Hilo and South Hilo. Along the coast there is a belt of cane from 2 to 4 miles wide, the upper level being 1,200 to 2,000 feet above the sea. Back of the cane belt there is a thick, heavy forest of ohia lehua and koa (Acacia Icoa), and a dense under- growth of many species of fern, ieie, and various kinds of trees and plants. This jungle is practically impenetrable until a trail has been cut through and then can be traversed only on foot. The forest is heaviest and thickest at 2,000 to 2,500 feet elevation, and grad- ually thins above that to the upper edge at 6,000 or 7,000 feet above the sea, where it disappears. Above the forest there are grazing lands and sheep ranches reaching to 8,000 or 9,000 feet elevation, beyond which there is httle vegetation. The rainfall is heaviest in the forest at 2,000 to 2,500 feet elevation, where it probably averages 300 inches a year, although in places at lower elevations it may exceed this amount, 360 inches being recorded at elevation 1,200 feet above Hakalau in 1911. Numerous streams rise in the forest, many of them at the lower elevations. The largest stream is Wailuku River on the south, and that probably is not more than 20 miles long. A number of the streams which appear along the public road near the shore do not reach beyond the cane belt. Near the sea, the larger streams flow in deep gulches, some of which extend far back into the forest. None of the streams, however, appear above the forest belt except intermittently. In general the slope of the country is steep, but it flattens out in places into level areas which in the forest are swampy and saturated with water. Little is known of the topography above the cane belt. At the lower elevations the ground is broken and uneven and cut up by numerous gulches. Measurements have been made on all the streams along the line of the public road, and regular gaging stations established on the Wailuku, Honolii, and Kawainui rivers. During the latter part of 1911 gages were established and measurements made at an eleva- tion of about 2,500 feet at 87 stations on the streams between and including Wailuku and Kawainui rivers. Various miscellaneous measurements were made at other points. ISLAND OF HAWAH. 337 WAILUKU RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. Wailuku River, the most southerly stream in this group, is the largest stream on the island and also the largest in the Territory. It rises on the southeastern slope of Mauna Kea, in the upper edge of the forest, and flows eastward to the sea at Hilo. Numerous tribu- taries enter the main stream, all from the north; at elevation 2,500 feet the Wailuku has 48 different branches, many of them small at ordinary stages. The Kapehu and the Awehi, the two principal tributaries, join the main stream some distance below the forest line. The channels are all exceedingly rough and broken, especially that of the main stream on the south (PI. IX, A), which probably origi- nated in a lava tube. It is just north of the lava flow of 1855 which reached almost to Hilo and filled several stream channels formerly existing. Wainuenue, or Rainbow Falls, n«ar Hilo is but one of several large waterfalls on the stream. Water is diverted at about 1,000 feet elevation for fluming, and at 350 feet elevation for an electric power plant. A gaging station is maintained on the river below all tributaries. WAILUKU RIVER NEAR HILO, HAWAII. A gaging station was established on Wailuku River about one- fourth mile above Rainbow FaUs and 2 miles from Hilo, March 21, 1911. The station is a short distance above the intake of the power canal of the Hilo Electric Light Co., which takes out on the north side. This diversion is made directly from the stream channel without the use of a diversion dam other than the natural rocks of the stream bed, except that at times of extreme low water a temporary dam of sand bags may be constructed. At such times water may be set back far enough to affect the gage heights at the station. With this excep- tion the conditions at the station are good. A staff gage, graduated to tenths of a foot from 4 to 17 feet, is fastened to rocks on the south bank and is used to obtain gage heights. This gage was read twice daily until June 21. At that time a Gurley automatic water-stage register was installed and used to obtain gage heights during the remainder of the year. Measurements are made from a cable 120 feet below the gage. The width of the stream at the measuring section is about 50 feet at low water and 125 feet at the highest stage. The total range of stage is probably as much as 18 feet. The discharge at this station gives the total flow of the stream below all tributaries and above all diversions except for compara- tively small quantities diverted above for fluming cane. 74323°— wsp 318—13 22 338 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAH. Discharge measurements of Wailuku River near HUo, Hawaii, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage heignt. Dis- charge. July 5 9 C H Pierce Feet. 60.5 60.5 56 55.5 56 56 51 51.5 51 51 51 58 64 84 63 60 Sq.ft. 310 298 219 208 213 203 179 143 145 142 146 266 349 691 319 281 Feet. 7.28 7.10 5.82 5.65 5.75 5.50 5.10 4.53 4.43 4.35 4.37 6.60 7.90 12.5 7.34 6.65 Sec.-ft. 498 do 448 18 H. R. Schulz 188 19 do 167 20 . .do 178 22 do 157 25 .do 108 Aug. 7 8 C. H. Pierce 53 . .do 50 12 do 44 14 .do 46 Nov 18 do 320 20 do 702 23 do 3,540 27 do .536 29 352 Note. — All measurements made from cable at regular section. Daily gage height, in feet, of Wailuku River near Hilo, Hawaii, for 1911. [Manuel De Mello and H. C. Cressman, observers.) Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 7.70 6.70 8.20 6.81 6.47 7.30 6.60 6.40 6.35 5.96 5.80 5.77 5.75 5.50 5.32 5.25 7.40 7.35 7.50 6.65 6.72 12.30 14.05 10.05 13.15 11.15 9.80 9.70 8.90 8.10 9.65 8.60 8.45 7.60 7.40 7.32 7.10 6.45 7.45 8.20 8.90 8.80 7.90 7.65 7.70 9.35 10.15 8.95 8.55 8.37 8.15 9.25 8.35 7.85 7.35 6.90 6.65 6.47 6.80 6.85 6.60 6.55 6.30 6.34 7.90 9.15 8.10 10.10 10.55 9.80 8.65 7.95 7.32 6.95 6.85 6.75 6.55 6.48 6.38 6.52 6.41 6.38 6.54 6.23 6.05 6.10 6.60 6.43 6.13 6.05 6.28 6.65 6.84 7.52 7.44 7.37 6.79 6.79 6.75 6.95 6.74 6.54 6.43 6.23 6.05 6.54 6.67 6.06 5.82 5.65 5.75 5.62 5.50 5.36 5.23 5.10 5.05 5.00 4.95 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.75 4.72 4.70 4.65 4.58 4.50 4.52 4.42 4.40 4.38 4.28 4.34 4.44 4.35 4.35 4.40 4.86 4.75 7.58 6.66 5.69 5.34 5.22 5.44 6.24 5.82 5.48 5.68 8.48 14.23 9.09 7.61 6.97 6.57 7.17 6.52 6.26 6.38 7.09 6.83 6.39 11.40 9.24 7.66 7.42 7.98 7.51 7.09 8.15 7.14 6.74 6.44 7.03 9.00 9.62 8.78 8.38 8.36 9.54 8.96 10.03 10. 26 9.97 9.68 9.39 9.10 8.81 8.52 8.23 7.94 7.65 7.36 7.07 6.78 6.49 6.80 6.49 6.57 6.18 5.98 5.73 5.65 5.56 5.48 5.39 5.31 5.22 5.14 5.05 4.97 4.94 4.90 4.85 4.78 4.98 5.23 5.53 5.83 6.13 6.44 6.68 6.68 6.67 6.66 6.65 6.64 6.63 6.62 6.61 6.60 7.35 8.10 8.85 9.60 10.35 11.10 10.83 7.85 7.35 6.93 6.64 6.28 5.88 2 5.65 3 5.52 4 5.45 5 5.38 6 5.26 5.54 8 5.88 9 5.77 10 5.67 11 5.56 12 6.65 13 7.82 14 8.40 15 8.40 16 8.40 17 8.40 18 8.24 19 8.08 20 7.92 21 6.10 5.91 6.02 5.90 5.55 7.45 9.15 7.25 6.55 6.35 6.60 7.76 22 7.60 23 6.70 24 6.46 25 7.44 26 6.80 27 6.46 28 7.01 29 7.41 30 6.74 31 6.78 Note.— From Mar. 21 to June 21 a staff gage was read morning and evening. After June 21 a Gurley automatic water-stage register was used. Gage heights were interpolated as follows: July 26 to Aug. 2r Oct. 2 to 13; Nov. 5 to 7, 10 to 17, and 19 to 24; Dec. 18 to 21 and 23 to 31. ISLAND OP HAWAII. 339 GAGE HEIGHT IN FEET 340 WATEE KESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wailuku Ri/oer near Hilo, Hawaii, for 1911. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Ang. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 16 18 19 20 21 234 205 23 221 24 203 25 158 26 552 27 1,210 492 28 29 318 30 279 31 329 633 351 811 376 302 507 329 288 279 212 189 185 182 152 132 125 537 522 568 340 355 3,350 5,100 1,680 4,150 2,400 1,540 1,490 1,090 774 1,460 969 908 600 537 513 450 298 552 811 1,090 1,050 702 616 633 1,310 1,740 1,120 792 1,260 869 398 340 302 374 386 329 318 269 276 702 1,210 774 1,710 1,980 1,540 720 513 410 386 362 318 304 285 312 290 285 316 256 226 234 329 294 239 226 265 340 384 574 550 528 372 372 362 410 360 316 294 256 226 316 344 228 192 170 182 166 152 137 122 108 103 98 93 88 84 79 75 72 70 66 61 55 56 49 48 47 41 44 51 45 45 48 84 75 594 342 175 134 121 145 258 192 150 174 920 5,310 1,180 603 416 323 470 312 262 284 447 381 286 2,600 1,260 620 543 731 571 447 792 461 361 296 432 1,140 1,450 1,040 873 1,410 1,120 1,670 1,810 1,630 1,480 1,330 1,190 1,050 936 823 716 616 525 442 369 306 374 306 323 248 215 180 170 159 150 140 131 121 112 103 95 92 84 77 96 122 156 193 239 296 346 346 344 342 340 338 336 333 331 329 522 774 1,070 1,440 1,860 2,360 2,160 685 522 405 338 265 200 170 154 146 139 126 157 200 185 172 159 318 674 826 767 709 653 600 350 300 650 375 300 425 540 360 370 Note.— Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is well defined below 4,000 second-feet. Monthly discharge of Wailuku River near Eilo, Hawaii, for Mar. 21-Dec. 31, 1911. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Rim-ofl (total in acre-feet). Accu- Maximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. March 21-31 1,210 5,100 1,740 1,980 574 5,310 2,600 1,800 2,350 888 158 125 298 226 79 41 262 88 77 126 382 965 756 545 258 346 749 524 568 435 8,330 57,400 46, 500 32,400 15,900 21,300 44,600 32, 200 33,800 26,700 A. April A. May A. Jtme A. July A. August A. A. October C. D. December D, 319,000 HONOLII RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATTTRES. Honolii River is the second largest stream in the HUo group. The upper end of the basin joins that of the Wailuku River on the south- eastern slope of Mauna Kea without any perceptible divide between tihe two. At elevation about 1,500 feet a large tributary called the Pohakupaa joins Honolii River from the north. Farther down, and just before it enters the sea, the Honolii receives two large tributaries from the south, the Kikola and the MaiU. The Kikola is short, and ISLAND OP HAW AH. 341 does not reach back into the forest ; the Maili is much larger than the Kikola and, as it has a well-defined gulch quite independent of the Honolii, it is not generally considered as a part of the Honolii drain- age basin. Several other smaller streams enter the sea between the Honolii and WaUuku basins. There are several small diversions from Honolii River, the water being used for domestic purposes on the plantations, and for fluming cane. The highest and perhaps largest diversion is from the north fork or Pohakupaa Stream, far inside the forest line. The Honolii is one of the deep gulches and extends far back into the forest (PI, EK, B) . Near the sea, where it is crossed by the rail- road and the public highway, it is one of the most picturesque spots along the coast. A gaging station has been established on the main stream at about 1,425 feet elevation. HONOLII RIV£R AT KAIWIKI, NEAR HILO, HAW AH. A gaging station was established on Honolii River at elevation about 1,425 feet, June 1, 1911, The station is a short distance below the confluence of the Pohakupaa with the south branch or main Honolii stream. This point is well inside the forest line, although the Kaiwiki' homestead tract, on which some clearing has been made, extends farther back on the south, A staff gage, graduated in tenths of a foot from 4.0 to 11.8 feet, is bolted to a rock on the north bank and is used to obtain gage heights. A continuous record is obtained by means of a Barrett & Lawrence 34-day hydro-chronograph. (See fig. 4, p. 343.) Measurements are made from a wire footbridge about 40 feet below the gage. The channel is exceedingly rough, although it has been improved by blasting so that fairly good results are obtainable. A small ditch on the north side takes out of the Pohakupaa Stream about one-fourth mile above the station. With the exception of that diversion the discharge at this station gives the total flow of Honolii River at 1,425 feet elevation. Discharge measurements of Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, Hawaii, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 11 H. R. Schulz Feet. 61.5 62.0 61.5 63.0 58.0 19.2 62.0 62.0 Sq.ft. 88 87 78 112 60 13 118 130 Feet. 5.72 5.52 5.40 6.00 5.20 5.00 6.10 0.30 Sec.-ft. 100 14 do 79 15 do 63 16 do 160 Oct. 23 C.H.Pierce 27 9 Nov. 1 o do 10.4 7 do 176 17 do 236 ■ Measurements made by wading aboot 200 feet above gage. Note.— All measurements made from foot bridge at regular section except as noted. 342 WATER RESOUBCES OF HAW AH. Daily gage height, injeet, of Honolii River at KaiwHd, near Hilo, Hawaii, for 1911. [A. Bomin, observer.] Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 5.50 5.40 5.62 6.25 7.10 6.10 6.80 7.50 7.00 6.42 6.00 5.65 5.65 5.65 6.65 5.55 5.65 5.65 5.65 6.48 5.55 5.58 5.58 5.45 5.52 6.09 5.79 5.60 5.52 5.64 5.76 6.12 6.80 6.20 6.20 5.72 5.90 5.90 6.32 6.92 5.71 5.68 5.58 6.55 6.70 6.00 5.65 5.48 6.40 5.45 6.42 6.35 5.38 5.25 5.20 5.15 5.12 5.10 5.08 5.12 6.08 5.05 5.02 5.10 5.10 ........ 4.95 4.98 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.12 5.48 5.35 9.65 5.98 5.45 5.30 5.22 6.35 5.95 6.50 5.30 5.46 7.70 9.25 6.48 5.70 5.50 5.60 6.30 5.67 5.54 5.70 6.40 6.00 5.60 9.00 6.75 5.82 5.88 6.40 6.00 6.70 6.50 5.70 5.45 6.35 5.98 7.50 7.20 6.44 6.40 6.30 6.35 6.00 6.50 7.40 6.15 6.35 7.80 6.35 6.98 6.25 6.45 6.00 5.85 5.65 5.50 5.40 5.33 5.70 5.58 5.65 5.40 5.30 5.25 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.15 6.13 5.12 5.09 5.08 5.07 6.05 5.03 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.33 6.90 6.00 5.92 5.95 5.55 5.38 5.30 5.45 5.55 6.30 5.62 6.10 6.29 7.60 6.15 7.70 7.75 8.20 7.70 6.25 6.72 5.50 5.40 5.36 6.25 5.27 2 5.22 3 5.20 4 5.17 5 6.16 6 5.15 7 6.14 8 5.36 9 5.64 10 5.45 11 5.40 12 5.33 13 6.05 14 7.35 8.50 8.00 17 7.60 7.20 19 . . . 7.05 7.15 21 6.15 6.68 23 6.62 24 6.50 • 6.50 26 5.63 27 , 6.50 6.00 29 6.40 30 5.58 31 5.60 Note. — A Barrett & Lawrence 34-day hydro-chronograph was installed Aug. 27. Prior to that date gage heights were obtained from daily reading of stafi gage. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, Hawaii, for 1911. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 70 56 87 222 480 182 380 630 445 268 158 92 92 77 92 77 92 92 92 67 77 154 81 63 73 180 115 84 73 90 110 187 380 208 208 103 136 136 240 140 102 97 81 77 349 158 92 67 56 63 59 60 63 37 31 26 22 20 18 22 18 15 12 20 20 18 16 15 14 12 10 8.0 9.0 10 10 15 22 67 50 1,710 154 63 43 33 50 147 70 43 64 711 1,470 284 100 70 84 235 95 76 100 262 158 84 1,320 365 121 132 262 158 100 290 leo 63 50 154 630 516 273 262 235 248 158 290 591 195 248 753 248 154 222 276 158 126 92 70 56 47 100 81 92 56 43 37 31 29 28 26 23 22 19 18 17 15 13 10 10 20 31 47 136 158 140 147 77 53 43 63 77 235 87 182 232 670 195 711 732 929 711 222 103 70 56 50 37 39 2 33 3 31 4 28 5 27 6 26 7 24 8 60 9 76 10 63 11 56 12 47 13 170 14 672 15 1,070 16 840 17 670 18 616 19 462 20 498 21 195 22 97 23 73 24 70 25 290 26 89 27 70 28 158 29 262 30 81 31 84 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined below 300 second-feet. Discharge interpolated for the period Aug. 5 to 10; there was no rain during this period, and the stream was steadily falling. ISLAND OF HAWAII. 343 Gage height in feet 344 WATER RESOURCES OP HAW AH. Monthly discharge of Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Eilo, Hawaii, for June 1-Dec. SI, 1911. June July August September. October. . . November. December., Month. The period . Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean 630 380 1,710 1,320 753 929 1,070 158 108 167 233 125 208 218 Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). 9,400 6,640 10,300 13,900 7,690 12,400 13,400 73,700 Accu- racy. HONOLII DITCH AT KAIWIKI. NEAR HILO, HAWAII. Honolii ditch diverts water from the north side of Pohakupaa Stream at elevation about 1,500 feet. The water is used for fluming cane on the plantation of the Onomea Sugar Co. and also for a do- mestic supply. A staff gage was established in a flume about one-fourth mile below the intake in June, 1911. As no gage reader was available at this place an attampt was made to obtain the relation between gage heights on the ditch and on the Honolii River below as given by the clock register. There are no headgates at the diversion for artificial regulation of the flow, but owing to shifting of gravel and bowlders at high water no permanent relation between the two gages could be obtained. The maximum capacity of the ditch at the flume is 4.3 second-feet, and the average daily discharge from June 1 to December 31, 1911, was about 3.2 second-feet, as given by the comparative rating. Discharge Tneasuxerrnents of Honolii ditch at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, Hawaii, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. July 16 H. R. Schulz Feet. 2.3 2.3 Sq.ft. 2.07 0.76 Feet. 1.10 0.60 Sec.-ft. 4.25 Oct. 23 0. H. Pierce 0.97 Note. — Zero flow is at gage height 0.22. Measurements made in flume near the gage. KAWAINUI RIVER BASIN. GENERAL FEATURES. The upper end of this basin lies between Kolekole on the north and Waipahoehoe on the south, with both of which it merges on the eastern slope of Mauna Kea. Near the sea other gulches appear, Waiaama being next on the north and Onomea on the south. In the forest at 2,500 feet elevation there are found two large forks of the Kawainui Stream and numerous smaller tributaries. These all unite at some distance above the cane belt, forming Kawainui River, which is the third stream in size in the Hilo group. ISLAND OF HAWAII. 345 EAWAINUI RIVER AT KAWAINUI, NEAR PEPEEKEO, HAWAII. A gaging station was established on Kawainui River at the highway bridge about one-half mile south of the railroad station at Kawainui, December 4, 1911. The station is about 100 feet below the end of the tunnel which carries the stream through the railroad embankment. A staff gage graduated to tenths of a foot and fastened to the north abutment of the bridge is used for obtaining gage heights. Low- water measurements are made by wading, and high-water measure- ments from the bridge. The discharge at this station gives the total flow of the stream ex- cept for small diversions above for fluming cane (PI. X, A). Discharge measurements of Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo, Hawaii, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Gage height. Dis- charge. Feb. 21 Pierce and Schulz Feet. 22.3 28. 26.5 Sq.ft. 32.9 36.1 32.0 Feet. "2. 08' 1.95 Sec.-ft. 56 Mar 24 H. R. Schulz 80 Nov. 28 C. H. Pierce 67 Note. — A low-water measurement obtained early in 1912 was used in determining the rating. The measurements were made by wading at various sections. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo, Hawaii, for 1911. [Matsuna, observer.] Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 11 1.60 1.65 1.80 4.10 4.40 3.55 3.50 3.25 3.60 3.35 21 2.45 2 12 22 2.35 3 13 23 2.10 4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.70 1.60 14 24 1.80 5 15 25.. . .. :.: 2.55 6 16 26 2.00 7.. 17 27.. 1.70 8 18 28 1.90 9 19 29 2.40 10 20 30 2.00 31 2.60 Daily discharge, in second-feet, at Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo, Hawaii, for 1911. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. Day. Dec. 1 11.. 47 50 59 264 294 209 204 179 214 189 21.. 106 2 la. 22 98 3 13.. 23 . 79 4 42 42 42 42 53 53 47 14 24 59 5 15 25.. 114 6 16 26 72 7 17.. 27.. 53 8 18 28 65 9 19.. 29.. 102 10 20 30 72 31 119 Note. — Daily discharge computed from a rating curve that is poorly defined. 346 WATEE RESOURCES OP HAWAH. STATIONS AT 2,500-FOOT ELEVATION IN THE FOREST BACK OF HILO, HAWAII. GENERAL FEATURES. On account of the large quantity of water in the Hilo region and the comparatively arid conditions on the south side of the island it has been proposed to intercept the streams in the forest back of Hilo at approximately 2,500 feet above sea level and carry this water around the southeast end of the island for irrigation in the Kau district. In order to determine approximately the amount of water available at the 2,500-foot level, stations were put in on all streams from Wailuku River on the south northward as far as the north fork of Kawainui Stream. The stations, 81 in number, are on the 2,500-foot contour ^ as determined by aneroid, and cover a distance of 12 or 15 miles by trail. Staff gages were established on all the streams and frequent readings obtained during September, October, November, and December, 1911. These stations are in a section of the country which is very diffi- cult to reach. Above the cane belt it is impossible to travel except on foot. The main camp was established near the center of the line of stations and an effort made to get daily readings by sending men out each way to the end of the line. It was impossible, however, to get readings every day on account of the fact that all supplies had to be packed up by the men from below through several miles of forest morass. A line of rain gages was established from sea level up to 5,000 feet at intervals of 500 feet difference in elevation in order to determine the elevation of maximum rainfall. Daily precipitation records were also obtained at the central camp as an aid in deter- mining the fluctuation of stream flow. Owing to the limited amount of time available and the difficulty of getting measurements at high stages, only a few discharge meas- urements on each stream were obtained. These give a good idea of the amount of water usually carried by the streams, but they are not considered sufficient for determining a rating for all stages. For this reason no attempt is made to give estimates of daily discharge, but for every station is given the list of discharge measurements and gage heights obtained during 1911. The stations are numbered consecutively from 1 to 87, with the exception that numbers 19 to 24, inclusive, are not used — that is, stations No. 18 and No. 25 are on adjacent streams. The numbering begins with the Wailuku River on the south or HUo end as station No. 1. 1 Accurate determinatioiis made later by topographers of the United States Geological Survey show the correct elevations of these stations to be from 200 to 250 feet greater than were indicated by aneroid. The correct elevation of the Geological Survey camp at station No. 50 is 2,750 feet U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE X A. CANE FLUME AND TRESTLE ACROSS KAWAINUI RIVER. NEAR PEPEEKEO, HAWAII. B. WEIR ON NEW HAMAKUA DITCH AT KUKUIHAELE, HAWAII ISLAND OF HAW An. 347 The table showing daily precipitation is given here as an aid for making estimates on the days when gage-height readings were not obtained. COMBINED FLOW. A study of the figures for the individual streams as they appear on the following pages will show that any stream by itself is quite insignificant except at high stages. It is the combined flow of all the streams that should be considered. The records obtained up to December 31, 1911, are for too short a period to admit of definite conclusions in regard to the amount of water available, but by mak- ing comparisons with the regular gaging stations on Wailuku and Honolii rivers, some idea may be had of the minimum flow to be expected. Such comparLsons will have especial value because of the fact that 42 of the streams crossed in the forest at an elevation of 2,500 feet are tributary to the Wailuku River and 15 are tribu- tary to the Honolii River, on both of which stieams regular gaging stations are being maintained. During the year 1911 there were three low- water periods in the Hilo group of streams. The first and lowest stage occurred during July and August, the lowest record being obtained on August 11. At this time the minimum discharge of Wailuku River at the gaging station near Hilo was 41 second-feet and that of Honolii River at the Kaiwiki gaging station was 8.0 second-feet. The second low-water period was during the last week of October and the first we^ of November, when the discharge of Wailuku River dropped to 77 second-feet on November 2 and that of Honolii River to 10 second-feet on the same date. At the third low stage, which occurred during the first week in December, the streams did not fall so low as in November. The lowest discharge of Wailuku River at this time was 126 second-feet on December 6 and that of Honolii River was 24 second-feet on December 7. At the end of the dry period of October and November the com- bined flow of all the streams at 2,500 feet elevation tributary to Wailuku River (stations Nos. 1 to 48) was about 9.5 second-feet, as near as can be estimated, and that of the streams from stations Nos. 49 to 68 about 9.1 second-feet. Stations Nos. 69 to 87 were not in operation at this time, but at the next low-water period, during the first week in December, these 19 streams had a combined minimum flow of about 19 second-feet. By comparing the discharge at the Kaiwiki gaging station on Honolii River for these two periods it may be seen that the discharge on November 2 was less than one- half that of December 7. As the streams at 2,500 feet elevation between stations Nos. 69 and 87 would fall in about the same ratio as Honolii River, it is probable that the combined flow of the streams 348 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. between these two stations was in the neighborhood of 8 second-feet on November 2. This would give a total combined flow of all the streams from stations Nos. 1 to 87 of approximately 27 second-feet. Since the sum of the discharge of Wailuku and Honolii rivers at the lowest stage in August was only about one-half that of the low stage in November, it is probable that the combined flow of the streams at 2,500 feet elevation fell considerably below 20 second-feet during August, 1911. Notwithstanding the fact that low-water periods like the above may be expected to occur at times, there can be no doubt but that the total run-off at this elevation is large. If it could all be saved and put to beneficial use it would be sufficient to satisfy all demands that could be made upon it. The drainage area within the forest cover that is drained by these streams above elevation 2,500 feet is more than 60 square miles, and the mean daily precipitation as deter- mined by what records are available is about 0.48 inch.^ This would give a daily precipitation cf 1,540 acre-feet within the forested area alone. The rainfall at liigher elevations would add materially to this and might be sufficient to offset the greater part of the amount lost by evaporation and taken up by the plant growth. The great difficulty of conserving this water is the fact that a very large proportion of the run-off occurs during a small part of the time. The streams fluctuate greatly, and many that are mere rivulets at low stages become roaring torrents when fed by heavy rains of several days' duration. Storage capacity of a large amount will be necessary in order to provide for a constant supply at all times. It would be impracticable to construct any system of reservoirs in the big gulches, owing to the destructive torrents and the steep gradients, but it is very likely that a careful topographic survey will disclose numerous available sites on the swampy tracts crossed by the 2,500-foot contour. With sufficient storage capacity it is probable that a constant supply of 150 or 200 second-feet might easily be obtained from these streams. It is, however, necessary to obtain records over a much longer period of time than those given here and also to make enough discharge measurements to determine accurate ratings before any defhiite state- ment can be made as to the supply of water available in the forest at 2,500-foot elevation. 1 The records for the United States Geological Survey special rainfall stations at elevations 2,500, 3,000, 3,500, 4,000, 4,500, and 5,000 feet up to the end of June, 1912, and the records for the United States Weather Bureau station at Puu Go, elevation 6,450 feet, for the year 1911, were used in making this estimate. ISLAND OP HAW An. 349 Rainfall, in inches, at United States Geological Survey camp, elevation 2,500 feet, near Hilo, Hawaii, Sept. 6 to Dec. SI, 1911. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Deo. 1 0.01 .04 .63 .97 .98 1.57 1.08 .59 1.08 .62 .26 .24 .68 .50 1.89 .38 1.02 .73 3.10 .85 0.00 .00 .00 .04 .32 .25 .11 .63 1.63 .23 .82 .16 2.02 1.01 4.42 4.10 2.60 1.67 2.92 1.50 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28- 29. 30. 31. 0.01 .58 0.06 (0 .21 .05 .05 .29 .01 .13 .19 .04 .07 19.60 0.63 0.87 4.10 4.71 4.02 1.41 .00 .00 .22 .32 .03 32.90 1.10 0.60 2 .02 3 ■) .00 .00 .06 .23 .03 (0 .22 .14 .49 .76 .00 0.00 .00 .08 .21 .00 .04 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 .02 .00 .00 .00 0.36 .04 .08 .00 .20 .13 .61 .41 .23 .28 (0 .47 .^4 (') .00 .00 0.00 .00 .22 (') .00 .04 .12 .10 .00 .32 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 0.00 .00 .00 .64 .00 .00 .00 .76 .55 .00 (0 .05 1.55 2.28 .21 .08 0.02 o 17 .00 3 0.00 .00 (>•) (r) (r) (r) .on .00 18 .21 4 19 20 .00 5 .00 6 21 (0 .03 7 . . 22 23 8 9 24 10 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 The month. 11 12 13 14 15 01.93 1.38 3.33 11.45 7.29 6 3.55 o Aug. 21 to 31. 6 Jan. 1 to 22. •■Rain, but amount not measured. * Trace of rain, but too small to measure. Note.— The record for each day includes the precipitation for the 24 hours ending at 6 a. m. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waipio River at elevation 360 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Aug. 15, 1901, to Jan. 22, 1902. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 93 78 263 134 82 83 70 72 66 63 63 149 98 98 124 56 55 55 53 51 61 60 60 68 60 54 52 51 87 61 71 64 63 66 77 122 116 "'262' "230' 259 60 60 67 "'83' 100 92 72 120 81 184 102 60 64 57 122 148 191 100 100 80 75 125 80 254 160 82 186 ■■'158 16 80 102 69 100 84 73 69 66 64 61 60 60 60 58 56 59 85 62 59 53 60 85 176 148 119 194 116 ' ' i22' 88 77 "253' 100 86 80 120 112 81 90 75 72 68 63 58 55 53 51 53 52 51 49 83 114 70 57 56 420 242 258 9 17 68 73 ,73 217 128 88 72 92 130 93 86 86 81 172 164 3 IS 89 4 19 98 5 20 21 6 96 7 22 82 8 23 9 . . 24 25 10 11 26 12 27 13 28 14 29 15 69 30 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawainui Stream at elevation 2,120 feet, near Waipio, ^ Hawaii, for Sept. 24, 1901, to Jan. 16, 1902. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 5.4 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.4 11 11 12 13 9.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 15 7.6 9.0 8.1 7.4 7.4 8.1 16 8.1 13 9.6 8.2 0.9 6.9 6.6 7.1 6.2 6.9 5.8 6.2 10 2 . . 17 3 18 4 .. . . 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 16 8 23 9 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.8 6.5 5.6 10 20 11 60 14 9.8 7.6 7.6 12 30 13 14 22 12 9.4 15 ISLAND OF HAWAII. 399 Daily discharge, m second- feet, of Kawainui Stream at elevation 1,435 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Oct. 6, 1901, to Jan. 16, 1902. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 12 11 11 10 11 63 27 75 12 12 12 13 19 19 17 15 37 16 65 16 13 11 11 i7 15 i4 35 16 10 17 12 10 9.6 10 19 69 33 26 60 34 41 28 17 13 19" 14 20 18 9.9 9.6 10 9.2 9.9 8.8 9.2 9.2 13 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 8.6 12 12 13 16 11 13 9.2 9.3 18 12 20 6 21 7 .. 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 14 15 14 13 12 12 11 26 13 14 10 12 . .. 27 13 28 14 29 15 30 31 21 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawainui Stream at elevation 775 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Sept. U, 1901, to Jan. 20, 1902. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 16 16 15 16 15 18 19 20 24 19 17 16 16 26 18 20 19 18 17 19 67 36 90 20 19 27 28 34 33 29 22 40 24 76 29 22 20 19 44 90 67 32 38 20 53 23 105 59 25 81 59 72 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 24 24 20 35 27 21 21 19 18 18 17 16 16 16 16 17 24 19 17 16 17 26 77 44 37 74 38 50 38 24 21 47' 41 27 23 32 43 26 28 24 22 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 23 26 22 21 18 33 2 30 3 4 38 5 34 6... 7 8 9 10. 11.. . 12 13. -. 14 32 41 15 44 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Branch No. 3 of Kawainui Stream at elevation 1,700 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Sept. 10, 1901, to Jan. 16, 1902. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 . 0.4 .4 .3 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 0.8 .6 .6 .6 .7 1.7 1.0 2.9 0.9 .8 .7 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 .8 1.3 .9 1.6 1.0 .8 .8 .7 o.'s 1.1 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23]!;;;;; 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0.9 .7 .7 1.2 1.0 .9 .9 .7 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 0.4 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 .8 3.2 1.6 1.3 3.7 1.4 ""'i.'e' 1.0 .9 "'"i.'e" 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 1 3 2 3... . 4 5 6 7 8 9.. 10 0.7 .9 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 .7 1.2 1.0 .9 .8 11 12 13 14 15 400 WATER RESOUECES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Branch No. 2 of Kaxvainui Stream at elevation 1,405 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Sept. 5, 1901, to Jan. 16, 1902. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Jan. 1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.4 2.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 i.'4 1.0 i.'2 2.2 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 3.4 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 ""'i.'5' 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.2 1.1 1.0 9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 10 1.2 .6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 11 12 13 14 1.1 1.1 .9 15 1.7 1 Daihj discharge, in second-feet, of Branch No. 1 of Kaxvainui Stream at elevation 1,380 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Sept. 5, 1901, to Jan. 16, 1902. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Sept. Oct.. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 0.7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .6 .7 . 7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 0.8 .8 .8 .7 .8 1.7 1.1 2.2 0.8 .8 .7 .8 1.1 1.1 .9 .7 1.0 .9 1.5 .9 .8 .7 .7 i.'i 1.2 i.o 3.1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31... 1.0 .9 .8 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.1 .8 .6 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 0.6 .8 .6 .6 .6 .7 .9 3.5 1.8 1.4 4.4 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.2 .9 ""'i.h' 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.3 1.0 .9 9 .8 .8 .8 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 10. . . 1.1 1.1 .9 .9 .8 .8 11 12 13 14 . 7 .7 .6 15 1.5 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Alakahi Stream at elevation 1,200 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Oct. 3, 1901, to Jan. 17, 1902. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1. 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.9 9.7 "'""29 16 10 11 10 10 9.9 10 12 is' 11 11 12 18 11 12 10 11 11 10 9.4 9.8 12 11 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 2 17 14 3. 9.6 9.3 9.0 18 4 19 5. 14 14 12 11 14 11 15 20 6 21 7 9.5 9.8 U 10 13 22 8 23. ... 9 24 17 15 36 15 31 15 12 11 10 25 11 26 10 8.0 8.5 12 9.G 9.9 9.3 9.9 13 11 10 9.7 22 27 13 28 U 29 15 30 31 ISLAND OF HAWAII. 401 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Alakahi Stream at elevation 730 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Aug. SI, 1901, to Jan. 19, 1902. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 17 15 14 15 15 15 16 15 14 14 16 24 20 28 16 15 15 ""26' 20 17 15 21 17 57 20 16 16 15 20 45 31 17 17 ""ie 16 17 65 30 15 49 36 34 16 17 16 15 21 21 17 16 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 14 14 14 14 18 35 25 22 47 20 34 22 18 16 "'25' 23 19 18 19 18 19 20 19 17 17 16 15 14 15 14 14 14 14 14 17 18 15 14 12 17 2 18 15 34 21 18 17 15 15 15 15 33 17 IS 3 18 4 19 13 5 20 6 21 7 22 8 23 9. 24 10 25 11 26 12. 27 13 28 14 20 22 29 15. 30 49 20 31 24 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Koiawe Stream at elevation 1,120 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Oct. 4, 1901, to Jan. 4, 1902. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1. 6.3 5.8 5.1 5.1 6.0 6.3 9.8 6.2 6.0 6.2 ""6.'2' 7.3 7.0 6.4 10 6.5 26 8.4 6.8 6.6 6.3 '""i5" 8.'6 16 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 7.2 15 13 15 15 '"'g.'i' 8.6 6.8 8.0 ""7.'9' 8.8 8.0 7.6 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 8.0 2 17 3 18 4 6.3 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 8 23 9 . 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.6 24 10 25 11 26 7.8 6.3 6.0 12 .. . 27 13 28 14 29 9.7 7.2 6.4 15 30 , 31 13 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Koiawe Stream at elevation 610 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Aug. 26, 1901, to Jan. 22, 1902. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 13 13 13 19 16 12 12 12 12 12 11 22 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.9 9.5 8.5 8.7 9.2 11 10 9.7 10 ...... 12 12 10 14 9.4 39 13 11 10 9.1 13 20 21 13 14 ""is 14 12 40 21 12 20 20 18 16 11 11 11 12 11 12 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 9.9 9.9 12 21 19 17 20 13 "u" 11 10 "'is' 14 13 12 12 14 12 14 12 12 11 11 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.3 9.4 11 11 10 9.7 9.0 15 2 17 12 3 18 4 19 11 5 20 13 6 21 7 22 12 8 23 9. 24 10 25 .... 11 26 12 12 15 31 15 20 12 27 13 28 14 12 12 29 15 30 29 16 31 74323°— wsp 318— 13- -26 402 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waima Stream at elevation 790 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, for Aug. S, 1901, to Jan. 5, 1902. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 9.7 9.6 13 9.7 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 8.8 8.8 9.8 ""8."8" 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.8 9.2 8.9 8.5 8.2 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.7 8.5 7.7 "7.'6' 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.8 8.8 8.4 9.3 "8.'4' 8.4 8.5 9.2 9.5 7.6 8.9 8.2 8.2 9.5 8.2 "'9."4 9.2 8.9 9.0 16 7.0 8.7 9.4 9.2 8.8 8.2 "'s.'o' 8.3 8.6 7.9 8.0 8.4 8.8 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.6 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.6 7.2 8.0 8.8 7.5 "u" 13 13 12 11 12 11 12 12 12 11 9.3 9.5 9.4 9.2 8.2 9.3 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.2 2 17 3 9.0 9.2 9.7 9.9 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.4 7.7 7.2 7.5 7.2 18 4 19 5 20 6 21 8.9 8.8 8.4 9.3 10 9.2 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.6 10 7 2'^ 8 23 9 24 10 25. 11 26 12 27. . 13 28 8.8 8.8 8.8 "k'.Q 7.0 7.0 14 29 15 30 14 31 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waima Stream at elevation 385 feet, near Waipio, Hawaii, Aug. 17, 1901, to Jan. 6, 1902. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. A Ug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1 19 19 22 22 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 19 19 18 18 18 17 18 18 18 17 18 18 18 19 18 18 19 19 20 '"ig" 19 19 19 20 18 19 18 18 20 18 20 19 19 19 19 19 16 19 19 19 20 20 19 19 19 19 17 19 18 18 18 18 17 19 19 IS 18 17 18 17 17 19 19 18 '"'is" 19 17 ""'23" 22 22 21 20 21 20 21 21 21 20 20 20 19 19 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 19 20 19 2 17 18 18 22 3 18. ... 4 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 17 17 20 20 19 19 20 19 18 19 8 23. 9 24 10 25 11 26 12 27. 13 28 14 29 15 30. ... 24 20 31 MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. The following miscellaneous measurements have been made on streams and ditches of the Hamakua group : Miscellaneous measurements in Hamakua group in 1911. Date. Stream. Locality. Dis- charge. Mar. 3 Sec.-ft. 0.8 3 do ol.O May 25 Feeder ditch 6 Kukuihaele 8.9 a Estimated. b Measurement made 50 feet below 5-foot weir. ISLAND OF HAWAII. 403 KOHALA GROUP OF STREAMS. GENERAL FEATURES, The Kohala group includes all streams on the northern slope of the Kohala Mountains from Awini Stream westward. The principal streams are Awini, Honokane, and Pololu, the largest of which is Honokane. Honokane Stream has two main branches which rise high up on the mountains. The water from these streams is inter- cepted by a series of ditches which carry the water westward for irrigation. HONOKANE STREAM BASIN. DISCHARGE MEAStTREMENTS OF THE EAST AND WEST BRANCHES OF THE HONOKANE STREAM IN 1901. During the months of October, November, and December, 1901, measurements were made of the two branches of the Honokane Stream at different elevations by Arthur S. Tuttle, civil engineer. Mr, Tuttle was employed in this work by the trustees of the estate of B. P. Bishop, who were interested in the development of an irri- gation supply from this source. The records have been furnished the Geological Survey by the trustees of the estate of B. P. Bishop through the courtesy of Mr. F. S. Dodge, superintendent. Records were kept of daily precipitation during the period of measurements, and these are given as an aid to making estimates for the days on which discharge measurements were not obtained. The records state that daily discharge was ''determined by weir readings and the cahbration of river gages," -* Rainfall, in inches, at Honokane Valley, Hawaii, during the period Oct. 18 to Dec. SI, 1901. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 0.02 .03 .40 .05 LOO 1.20 1.15 4.10 1.40 .10 .80 .50 .40 1.70 .10 (a) (a) 0.30 .10 .20 .20 .00 L40 .00 .85 .20 (a) .00 .00 («) 16 (a) 0.15 .30 .35 (o) .05 .08 .23 (a) .75 .00 .10 .00 .00 (a) (a) 0.00 2 17 3 18 0.15 (a) .10 .30 .30 .20 .10 .15 .25 .15 .15 (a) .00 .02 .00 4 19 .20 5 20 .00 6 21 .00 7 22 .00 8 23 .80 9 24 .15 10 25 (0) 11 26 .15 12 27 28 13 2.30 14 29 3.15 15 30 (a) .00 31 The month 6 1.87 14.96 10.00 o Trace of rain, but too small to measure. b Oct. 18 to 31. Note. — The record for each day includes the precipitation for the 24 hours ending at 6 a. m. 404 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 1,300 feet, near Honokane, Hawaii, for Nov. 11 to Dec. 31, 1901. Day. Nov Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.7 10 13 11 8.4 11 12 11 21 56 28 60 26 19 18 24 26 24 62 21 12 9.6 8.8 8.8 7.8 8.3 7.4 7.4 21 12 10 13 20 11 13 10 9.0 8.4 7.8 7.3 2 12 22 7.1 3. . 13 23 7 1 4 14 24 13 5 15 25 14 6 16 26 8.8 17 27. . 8.0 8 18.. . . 28 29 7 8 9 19 90 10 20 30 72 31 22 Monthly discharge of East Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 1,300 feet, near Hono- kane, Hawaii, for Nov. 11 to Dec. 31, 1901. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofE (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Nov. 11-30 60 90 7.8 7.1 20.8 16.3 825 1,000 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 770 feet, near Honokane, Hawaii, for Oct. 21 to Dec. 31, 1901. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 23 23 22 22 22 47 38 68 80 46 )4 14 14 15 17 21 18 16 26 21 11 28 57 38 68 42 26 24 30 28 26 83 28 19 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 21 24 25 40 33 31 64 48 68 38 28 26 20 17 18 24 18 20 17 16 15 15 14 2. 12.. 22 14 3 13 23 13 4 14 24 24 5 15 25 21 6 16 26 17 7.. 17 27 15 8 18 28 15 9 19.. 20.. 102 10 20 '- 30 77 31. 63 Monthly discharge of East Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 770 feet, near Hono- kane, Hawaii, for Oct. 21 to Dec. 31, 1901. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofi (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Oct. 21-31 68 80 102 24 15 13 38.6 31.3 25.4 842 November 1,860 December 1,560 ISLAND OF HAW An. 405 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation l,S70feet, near Honokane, Hawaii, for Nov. 4 to Dec. 31, 1901. Day Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1. 0.6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 3.7 2.2 11 4.2 5.7 3.4 8.4 4.7 2.6 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.2 30 5.8 2.4 1.4 1.1 .9 .7 .8 .6 .7 21 9 .8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 .8 .7 0.6 2 12 22 .6 3 13 23 .6 4 0.25 .27 1.2 1.7 4.0 24 7.6 14 24.., .8 5. 15. . 25 1.4 6.. 16.. . 26 .9 7 17 27 .8 8. . 18. . 28 29 30 31 .6 9 19 45 10.. 20 . . 25 6.1 Monthly discharge of West Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 1,370 feet, near Honokane, Hawaii, for Nov. 4 to Dec. 31, 1901. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-ofl (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. November 4-30 24 45 0.25 .6 3.13 4.45 168 December 274 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Honokane Stream at elevation 775 feet, near Honokane, Hawaii, for Oct. 21 to Dec. 31, 1901. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1.... 0.21 .10 .04 .08 .17 .47 1.5 12 25 1.6 0.24 .24 .14 .6 .31 .21 .19 .16 4.3 1.6 11 2.7 3.6 2.4 14 5.5 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 .6 35 4.5 1.8 .9 .6 .48 .27 .39 .29 .20 21 0.10 .10 .10 .05 .10 1.0 2.3 2.8 1.9 1.0 .49 0.5 .38 .40 .47 .47 .3 .5 .48 .8 .22 0.15 2 12 22 .12 3.. 13.. 23.. .11 4 14 24 .6 5.. 15.. 25.- .9 6.. 16.. 26.. .5 7 17 27 .41 8.. 18. 28. .24 9 19.. 29.. 51 10 20 30 28 31.. 5.5 Monthly discharge of West Branch of Honokane Stream at -elevation 775 feet, near Hono- kane, Hawaii, for Oct. 21 to Dec. 31, 1901. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (total in acre-feet). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. October 21-31 2.8 25 51 0.05 .04 .11 0.90 2.69 4.51 20 November 160 December 277 KOHALA DITCH NEAR KOHALA, HAWAII. The Kohala ditch heads in Awini Stream at elevation of 1,040 feet and extends westward, taking in water from the several streams. An upper ditch, recently constructed, heads in the eastern branch of Honokane Stream at an elevation of 4,200 feet and is used to sup- plement the lower ditch. These ditches have been constructed by the Kohala Ditch Co., which supplies water to the plantations in 406 WATER EESOUnCES OP HAWAII. Kohala. The total flow of the ditch is measured by a weir, and the records for 1910 and 1911 have been furnished to the Geological Survey by the Kohala Ditch Co. through the courtesy of Mr. P. W. P. Bluett, superintendent. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kohala ditch near Kohala, Hawaii, for 1910-11. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910. 1 24 23 23 23 30 48 34 31 27 36 38 44 54 54 48 48 51 63 54 54 54 48 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 39 36 35 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 38 36 38 54 44 39 38 38 36 35 35 36 44 44 44 38 36 36 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 38 38 48 44 44 44 44 44 36 34 34 31 30 29 27 25 25 24 24 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 45 44 49 38 38 38 38 36 36 35 33 38 38 36 34 30 29 29 28 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 39 35 30 28 60 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 38 36 36 44 54 54 45 44 44 38 34 38 39 48 35 35 36 38 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 42 38 38 38 38 35 31 34 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 58 49 49 49 49 49 49 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 34 34 34 34 33 31 31 30 28 29 30 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 44 36 35 34 33 33 33 33 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 57 57 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 39 39 38 35 34 33 30 30 30 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 38 29 30 66 66 54 49 49 49 49 49 49 38 35 35 25 25 24 23 22 22 22 22 27 25 24 27 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 39 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 33 28 28 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 20 20 23 28 25 24 23 19 18 IS 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 25 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49. 49 49 49 49 49 36 35 28 33 33 54 54 54 54 36 34 25 24 24 24 22 19 19 28 34 35 29 27 24 20 24 51 34 28 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 40 38 31 31 31 31 28 28 28 25 25 24 24 25 25 24 23 23 20 19 22 18 18 18 17 20 20 18 17 17 15 27 54 49 47 47 47 66 63 49 36 35 33 66 60 25 24 24 28 34 36 38 40 38 36 38 36 35 38 40 38 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 40 39 39 40 40 49 9 49 3 49 4 49 5 49 G 49 49 8 49 9 49 10 49 11 40 12 40 13 40 14 36 15 36 16 35 17 34 18 33 19. 31 20 28 21. . 27 22 27 23 27 24 27 25 31 26 30 27. 30 28 30 29 30 30 28 31. 28 1911. 1 38 2 36 3 34 4. 31 5 31 6 31 7 34 8 34 9 33 10 31 11 31 12 24 13 38 14.. 49 15 49 16 49 17 49 18. 49 19 49 20 49 21 49 22 49 23 49 24 39 25 35 26 34 27.. . . 33 28 34 29. 35 30 35 31 38 ISLAND OP HAWAII. 407 Monthly discharge of Kohala ditch near Kohala, Haivaii, for 1910-11. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Kun-ofE (total in acre-feet). 1910. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1911. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 22 42.4 40.8 41.7 42.1 39.6 44.0 49.0 47.4 21.9 33.5 32.9 37.4 39.4 47.8 49.0 39.2 48.6 45.4 49.4 44.7 32.4 49.0 39.3 35.1 38.7 43.1 2,610 2,270 2,560 2,510 2,430 2,620 3,010 2,910 1,300 2,000 1,960 2,300 28, 540 2,940 2,720 2,410 2,890 2,790 2,940 2,750 1,990 2,920 2,420 2,090 2,380 31, 240 MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. The following miscellaneous measurements on the streams of the Kohala group were made during 1911: Miscellaneous measurements in Honokane Stream drainage basin in 1911. Date. Stream. Refer- Elevation. ence point." Feet. Feet. 4,200 0.33 4,200 1.58 4,175 .35 4,200 2.01 4,182 .33 4,202 .21 4,204 .86 4,200 .34 4,200 2.81 4,037 .56 4,025 3.27 4,020 4,018 1.21 4,020 2.46 4,034 .50 4,013 .10 4,009 .21 3,984 .19 3,937 .15 3,876 2.71 3,858 .23 Dis- charge. Dec. East Branch of Honokane. Tributary No. 1 Tributary No. 2 Tributary No. 3 Tributary No. 4 Tributary No. 5 Tributary No. 6 Tributary No. 7 Tributary No. 8 Tributary No. 9 Tributary No. 10 Tributary No. 11 Tributary No. 12 Tributary No. 13 Tributary No. 14 Tributary No. 15 Tributary No. 16 Tributary No. 17 Tributary No. 18 Tributary No. 19 West Branch of Honokane Sec.-ft. 30.1 .6 5.2 6.0 2.3 .8 1.3 .03 .3 6.6 .4 4.0 1.0 .7 .9 .9 1.2 1.0 .8 .4 5.7 a Distances measured to water surface from a fixed point above. Note. — The streams are taken in order from east to west along the line of the upper Kohala ditch tjail. 408 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. SPRINGS AND UNDERGROUND WATERS. In many sections of the island of Hawaii the rain either runs off as rapidly as it falls or sinks immediately into the porous lava formation. In a few places underground water has been developed by tunneling, the Olaa Sugar Co. getting a large part of its water supply in this way. At many places at or near sea level there are springs which are fairly constant in their flow. One of these springs at Punaluu on the south coast is at sea level and is estimated to flow 30 to 40 second-feet. This particular spring may be the outlet of a submerged river, the origmal channel of which has been filled by lava flows. There is undoubtedly a large amount of underground water at some places on the island of Hawaii, particularly in the Puna district, but the difficulties in the way of developing it have so far prevented its utilization. RAINFALL RECORDS. GENERAL FEATURES. Owing to the comparatively small drainage areas of streams in the Territory of Hawaii and the fact that practically all the precipitation is in the form of rain, the greater part of which if allowed to follow its natural course would reach the sea within a few hours, it must follow that there is a close relation between the rainfall and stream flow. This relation is accentuated by the heavy gradients of the streams and the steep slopes of the sides of their basins. As the water supply of every island is limited to what is precipitated between its shores, by measuring the rainfall some idea may be had of the total amount of run-off. Rainfall records covering several years have been kept at a number of places on the islands, mostly at low elevations near the sea. These records are useful in showing the variation in rainfall from month to month and on the different sides of the islands, but do not tell the amount precipitated on the areas which supply the principal streams. To procure data covering this last point, which is of primary impor- tance in connection with stream flow, it has been necessary to place rain gages in the mountains at places remote from all habitations and as a rule accessible only by difficult or even dangerous journeys on foot. Under these circumstances it is of course impossible to obtain daily readings, so a special type of gage was designed which could be read at intervals of one or two months as the amount of rainfall required and the accessibility of the station permitted. (See PI. XI, A.) This type of gage consists of a galvanized-iron container, 8.40 inches diameter and 24 inches high, with a copper receiver 5.94 inches diameter joined to the container by a tapering neck. To prevent loss by evaporation the bottom of the receiver is contracted to an opening of f-inch diameter, to which is attached on the bottom a short tube U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 318 PLATE XI A. TYPES OF RAIN GAGES. B. RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION STATION AT WAIAKOALI CAMP, KAUAI. RAINFALL RECORDS ON KAUAI. 409 with an upturned end forming a trap. With this relation between the diameters of receiver and container a factor of 2 is introduced, so that the container holds 48 inches of rainfall when the water in it is 24 inches deep; when the gage is full to overflowing it contains 51.6 inches of rainfall. Other gages of the same type but larger are made by increasing the diameter of the container to 13.28 inches and 18.78 inches, which, by using the 5.94-inch receiver, give measuring factors of 5 and 10, respectively. The diameter of the receiver is made 5.94 inches in all the gages, so that 1 inch of rainfall taken by it will weigh 1 pound. This relation is made use of as a check on the measured depth of water in the gage, the observers being supplied with spring balances and required to weigh the gage before and after emptying. Careful comparisons have been made of this special gage with the standard daily gage, United States Weather Bureau type, and it has been found impossible to discover any loss by evaporation from the former when read at intervals of one or two months.^ In studymg the data given on the following pages it will be seen that the rainfall is much heavier back among the mountains than it is along the coast, and that in general the north and east slopes receive more ram than the south and west slopes. This is due to the fact that the moisture-laden "trade winds" coming from the northeast cause the greater amount of precipitation on the windward or koolau sides of the islands. The leeward or kona sides, being protected from the prevailing northeast winds, receive less rain, except when occasional kona storms come in from the south. Although rain gages have been placed at a number of points at high elevations in the principal basins and on divides, it is not considered that the distribution of gages is as yet sufficiently complete to warrant the construction of isohyetose lines. In presenting the data, the amount of rainfall is given in inches per month so far as possible, and it is also expressed in inches per day for the year or period covered. RAINFALL RECORDS ON ISLAND OF KAUAI. During 1910 and 1911 rainfall records were obtained at 58 different stations on Kauai. Of these stations, 22 were above 1,000 feet in elevation, 17 were above 2,000 feet, and 13 were above 3,000 feet. The records at all the stations 2,000 feet and over in elevation, with one exception, were obtained by means of the United States Geologi- cal Survey special type of rain gage. In the following tables credit is given for use of the data collected by the United States Weather Bureau and also for those furnished by cooperating parties. A view of station No. 6 is shown in Plate XI, B. The location of the sta- tions is shown on Plate XIII (at end of volume). » See records at station No. 9, Oahu and station No. 14, Hawaii. 410 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall stations on Island of Kauai. Elevation (feet). 1. Kilohana 4,023 2. Lehuamakanoi 3,932 3. Paukahana 3, 723 4. Mohihi-Koaie divide 3, 950 5. Mohihi, upper crossing 3,500 6. Waiakoali camp ' 3, 450 7. Kokee 3,550 8. PuuLuai 3,500 9. Waialae 3,600 10. Keanakua 4,450 11. Kahana-Makuone divide.. 3,750 12. Waialeale 5,080 13. Olokele mauka 2, 100 14. Olokele ditch 1,310 15. Mana pump 30 16. Waiawai 30 17. Kekaha 40 18. Camp No. 7, nearWaimea. 150 19. Hiloa-Hanapepe divide... 2,080 20. Hanapepe Valley 510 21. Makaweli 140 22. Camp No. 2, near Hana- pepe 250 23. Eleele 150 24. Wahiawa mauka 2, 000 25. McBryde residence 900 26. Wahiawa 225 27. Homestead 631 28. Lawai (east) 600 29. Lawai (government road). 450 30. Lawai (west) 31. Lawai Beach 32. Koloai 33. Kukuiula 34. Puuhi 35. Mahaulepu 36. Kamoola ditch 37. Wilcox ditch 38. Aakukui 39. Kukaua 40. Lihue (Kilohana) 41 . Molokoa 42. Grove farm 43. Lihue 44. Hanamaulu 45. Waiahi 46. Hanahanapuni 47. Summit camp 48. Kapehuala 49. Pohakupili 50. Pueo 51 . Kapahi 52. Kealiai 53. Halaula 54. Kilauea 55. Kapaka 56. Sanborn's residence 57. Intake, Wainiha canal 58. Power house, Kauai Elec- tric Co Elevation (feet). 225 5 241 100 75 90 835 725 350 1,000 400 250 200 200 200 600 911 1,900 3,130 2,589 2,747 300 15 250 342 1,123 105 700 125 Rainfall at Kilohana {station No. 1) on divide between Wainiha and Waimea rivers, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 4,023 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- faU. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Indies. Inches per day. 1910. Julv 11a 23 39 35 24 34 90 34 36 11.6 10.4 13.2 ?.5 16.2 6 51.6+ 17.8 22.6 0.50 .27 .38 .35 .48 '".'52" .63 1911. June 2 34 35 29 33 36 29 46 30.4 14.6 9.0 7.5 26.4 5.0 31.0 0.90 Au". 19 July 7 .42 Sept. 23 Aut;. 5 .31 Oct. 17 Sept. 7 .23 Nov. 20 Oct. 13 . .73 Nov. 11 .17 1911. Dec. 27 .67 Feb 18 June 18, 1910, to Dec. 27, 1911 Mar. 24 557 275. 8+ Apr. 29 .50+ o Gage installed June 18, 1910. f> Gage overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-ineh capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container S.40 inches diameter. Evaporation station. RAINFALL RECORDS ON KAUAI. 411 Rainfall at Lehuamakanoi (station No. 2), Waimea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,932 feet.] Date of observation. 1910. July 11 o Aug. 19 Sept. 23 Oct. 17 Nov. 20 1911. Feb. 18 Mar. 24 Apr. 29 Recorded rain- faU. Period (days). Inches Inches. per day. 23 4.2 0.18 39 4.5 .12 35 7.5 .21 24 4.7 .20 34 14.4 .42 90 6 51.6+ 34 14.4 .42 36 17.4 .48 Date of observation. 1911. June 2 July 7 Aug. 5 Sept. 7 Oct. 13 Nov. 11 Dec. 27 June 18, 1910, to Dec. 27, 1911 Period (days). 557 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 14.8 6.0 3.8 2.0 10.0 2.7 18.2 176. 2+ Inches per dav. 0.44 .17 .13 .06 .28 .09 .40 .32+ a Gage installed June 18, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Pauhahana (station No. 3), Waimea River basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,723 feet.] Date of observation. July 11 o. Aug. 27 , Sept. 17. Oct. 17. 1910. June 4 to Oct. 1910 17, Jan. 6 . Jan. 13 . Jan. 30 . Feb. 18. Feb. 25. Mar. 11. Mar. 18. Mar. 24. Apr. 1. Apr. 8. Apr. 15 . Apr. 23. Apr. 29. May 6. May 12. 1911. Period (days). 135 Recorded rain- faU. Inches. 4.7 3.3 4.0 4.5 16.5 6 13.6 7.4 7.6 10.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 4.4 .2 .0 1.0 4.2 .2 1.2 Inches per day. 0.13 .07 .19 .15 .12 1.06 .45 .57 .29 .16 .34 .40 .55 .03 .00 .12 .70 .03 .20 Date of observation. 1911. May 19 , May 26 , June 2 June 9 June 16 June 23 June 30 July 7 July 14 July 21 July 28 Aug. 18 : , Aug. 25 Sept. 1 Sept. 9 Sept. 15 Sept. 22 Sept. 29 Oct. 13 Nov. 13 Dec. 28 Jan. 6 to Dec. 28 1911 Period (days). 356 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 2.4 1.4 2.8 .6 .3 .4 .6 .8 .5 .2 2.2 .4 .5 .3 1.0 .4 1.6 1.9 1.2 2.2 10.0 77.7 Inches per 0.34 .20 .40 .09 .04 .06 .09 .11 .07 .03 .31 .02 .07 .04 .12 .07 .23 .27 .09 .07 .22 a Gage installed June 4, 1910. b Small tube in receiver stopped with dirt so water could not enter container. Receiver overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. 412 WATEE KESOUECES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Mohihi-Koaie divide (station No. 4), Wairaea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,950 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inches per day. 1910. July 12 a 18 35 29 32 34 90 28 2.3 2.8 3.7 4.9 15.6 6 51.6+ 8.2 0.13 .08 .13 .15 .46 '"'.'29" 1911. Apr. 22 36 42 35 97 30 46 9.8 14.8 5.0 10.0 2.6 11.8 0.27 Aug. 16 June 3 .35 Sept. 14 Julv S .14 Oct. 16 Oct. 13 .10 Nov. 19 .... Nov. 12 . . .09 Dec. 28 .26 1911. Feb. 17 June 24, 1910, to Dec. 28, 1911 552 143.1+ Mar. 17 .26+ a Gage installed June 24, 1910. b Gage overflowed. Note. — Special gage, 50-ineh capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Mohihi Upper Crossing (station No. 5), Waimea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,500 feet.] Date of observation. July 12 a Aug. 16. Sept. 14. Oct. 16. Nov. 19. 1910. Feb. 17. Mar. 17. Apr. 22. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall Inches. 2.5 2.1 4.5 5.8 14.8 6 51.6+ 8.0 9.0 Inches per day. 0.12 .06 .16 .18 .44 .29 .25 Date of observation. June 3 . July 8. Aug. 5. Oct. 13. Nov. 12. Dec. 28. June 21, 1910, to Dec. 28, 1911 Period (days). 555 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 14.0 5.7 3.1 9.9 2.6 10.2 143. 8+ Inches per day. 0.33 .16 .11 .14 .09 .22 .26+ » Gage installed June 21, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. KAINFALL RECORDS ON KAUAI. 413 Rainfall at Waiahoali Camp (station No. 6), Waimea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,450 feet.] Date of observation. July 10 o . Aug. 23.., Sept. 16... Oct. 8... 1910. June 4 to Oct. 1910 Jan. 6. 13. 30. Feb. 17. 25. Mar. 10. 17. 25. 1. 7. 14. 22. 28. 5. 12. Apr. May Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 18.1 Inches per day. 0.16 .07 .17 .24 1 17 .48 .57 .28 .20 .43 .38 .71 .07 .00 .06 .97 .09 .23 Date of observation. 1911. May 19 26 June 2 9 16 23 30 July 7 14 21 28 Aug. 18 25 Sept. 1 9 15 22 29 Oct. 13!!!!!!!!!!!!!'!!' Nov. 12 Dec. 27 Jan. 6 to Dec. 27 1911 Period (days). 355 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 2.2 1.2 2.6 .6 .4 .5 .5 .7 .4 .4 2.2 .3 .5 .3 .8 .4 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.8 10.0 Inches per day. 0.31 .17 .37 .09 .06 .07 .07 .10 .06 .06 .31 .01 .07 .04 .10 .07 .26 .29 .09 .06 .22 .23 a Gage installed June 4, 1910. b Small tube in receiver stopped by leaves so water could not enter container. Receiver overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Kokee (station No. 7), Waimea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,550 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inches day. 1910. Aug. 27 82 13 15 21 40 43 7 17 19 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 8 6 7 6 6 5.6 6 1.4 4.4 1.6 0>07 .11 .29 .08 1911. May 19 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 14 7 21 7 15 6 7 7 15 28 47 1.4 1.0 2.8 .4 .0 .3 .3 .2 2.4 .2 .6 .7 .1 .8 1.5 .5 2.2 4.8 0.20 Sept. 9 26 .16 24 .40 Oct. 15 9 .06 Nov. 24e 16 .00 17.0 6.5 6.3 6.6 2.2 2.4 3.4 3.0 4.0 .4 .0 .6 2.2 .0 .7 .40 .93 .37 .29 .31 .17 .49 .43 .57 .06 .00 .08 .37 .00 .12 30 .02 1911. Jan. 6 July 7 21 .04 .01 13 28 .34 30 Aug. 18 .01 Feb. 18 25 .09 25 Sept. 9 .05 Mar. 11 15 .02 18 22 ... .11 25 29 .21 Apr. 1 Oct. 14 .03 8 Nov. 11 .08 15 Dec. 28 June 6, 1910, to Dec. 28, 1911 d .10 23 29 531 87.5 May 6 .16 12 o Gage installed June 16, 1910. 6 Reading of doubtful accuracy. c Gage was found to have been disturbed by cattle. d Period of 40 days, Oct. 15 to Nov. 24, 1910, no record obtained. Note. — Special gage, SO-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. 414 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Puu Lua (station No. S), near Waimea Canyon, Kauai, 1910-11. fKlevation, 3,500 feet.] Date of observation. July 6o. Aug. 27... Sept. 13... 24... Oct. 15... June 5 to Oct. 15, 1910 Jan. 30 6 . Feb. 18... 25... Mar. 11... 18... 25... Apr. 1... 1911. Period (days). 132 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 2.8 1.6 2.6 4.5 .4 11.9 2.2 4.6 2.6 3.0 2.0 4.0 .6 .0 .4 .4 Inches per day. .03 .15 .41 .02 .12 .65 .19 .43 .29 .57 .09 .00 .05 .07 Date of observation. 1911. May 6 12 19 26 June 2 9 16 30 JiiJy 28 Aug. 18 25 Sept 15 22 29 Oct. 14 Nov. 11 Dec. 2S Jan. 30 to Dec. 28 1911 Period (days). 332 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 0.0 .6 .4 .8 2.0 .0 .2 .2 2.6 .2 .6 .2 .9 1.4 .4 2.0 1.4 Inches per day. 0.00 .10 .06 .11 .29 .00 .03 .01 .09 .01 .09 .01 .13 .20 .03 .07 .03 o Gage installed June 5, 1910. 6 Cxage was found to have been disturbed by cattle. No record obtained. Note. — Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Waialae River gaging station (station No. 9), Waimea River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,600 feet.] Date of observation. 1910, Aug. 31a Sept. 80 Nov. 10 Dec. 1 1911 Jan. 3 Feb. 4 23 Mar. 6 Apr. 5 May 24 Period (days). Recorded rain- faU. Inches. 1.8 5.6 14.8 6.64 10.8 22.4 14.4 9.4 8.4 5.0 Inches per day. 0.58 .19 .36 .03 Date of observation. 1911. June 27 Aug. 3 Sept. 12 Oct. 16 Nov. 17 1912. Jan. 4 July 31, 1910, to Jan. 4,1912 Period (days). 522 Recorded rain- faU. Inches. 4.4 4.6 2.7 6.0 4.2 « 124. 3 Inches per day. 0.13 .12 .07 .18 .13 .24 o Gage installed July 31, 1910. b Reading doubtful. Very likely should be 6.4 inches. « If reading Dec. 1 was 6.4 Inches, this would be 130.1 inches, or 0.25 inch per day. Note.— Special gage, SO-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. RAINFALL EECORDS ON KAUAI. 415 Rainfall at Keanalcua {station No. 10), on divide between Makuone Stream and Waialae River, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 4,450 feet.] Date of observation. Oct. 5 a . Nov. 22. 1910. Feb. 22. Mar. 7. Apr. 5. May 24. June 27 . Aug. 2, 1911. Period (days). 29 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 7.0 18.7 6 51.6+ 9.0 9.6 11.0 7.3 5.6 Inches per day. 0.24 .39 .33 .22 .21 .16 Date of observation. Sept. 12. Oct. 17. Nov. 17 Jan. Sept. 6, 1910, to Jan. 5, 1912 Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 4.7 10.0 5.3 153. 2+ Inches per 0.11 .29 .17 .32+ a Gage installed Sept. 6,- 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Kahana- Mahuone divide (station No. 11), Makaweli River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,750 feet.J f observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- faU. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Dateo Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inches per day. Aug. 30 o Oct. 6 1910. 30 36 48 91 14 27 49 34 3.4 7.9 15.6 6 51.6+ 8.8 6.4 8.6 4.8 0.11 .22 .33 "■".'63" .24 .18 .14 1911. Aug. 1 Sept. 11. 36 41 35 31 50 5.4 4.7 8.0 4.6 13.2 0.15 .11 Nov. 23 . . Oct. 16 .23 1911. Nov. 16 ... .15 Feb. 22. . . 1912. Jan. 5 Mar. 8 .26 Aug. 1, 1910, to Jan. 5, 1912 May 23'."...... !!...!!!!.! 522 143.0+ June 26 .27+ a Gage installed Aug. 1, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. NoTE.^Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall on Waialeale Mountain (station No. 12), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 5,080 feet.] Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. (days). Inches. InchCvS per day. Inches. Inches per day. 1910. Oct. 5o 28 48 31.2 34.3 1.11 .72 1911. Aug. 2 c d51.6+ dl25 + 86.0 Nov. 22 Oct. 17 . 6 81 1.6 + 1911. Jan. 36 1912. Jan. 6 ........ 1.06 o Special gage, 50-inch capacity, installed Sept. 7, 1910. 6 No reliable records, and it is probable that gage was not visited until Ang. 2, 1911, when it was found to have overflowed. c Gage replaced by one of 125-inch capacity, d Gage overflowed. 116 WATEB RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Rain/all at Olokele mauka (station No. IS), Makaweli River drainage basin, Kauai, 1911. [Elevation, 2,100 feet.] Recorded rainfall (inches). October 4. 37 November 12. 52 April. May. June . July.. Recorded rainfall (inches). 7. 63 9.35 8. 85 7. 50 August 4. 18 September 18. 46 Note. — Record furnished by Hawaiian Sugar Co., Makaweli, Kauai. December 18. 24 Apr. 1 to Dec. 31 86. 10 Mean daily 0.313 Rainfall at Olokele ditch (station No. 14), Makaweli River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,310 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May Juiie July August. . . 1910 Indies. 13.34 .97 6.38 6.57 6.95 9.37 4.11 4.18 1911 Inches. 25.86 16.50 8.94 6.35 5.46 6.11 5.13 1.95 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 6.05 9.29 13. 53 12.48 93.22 .255 Inches. 13.00 28.62 10.00 110. 81 .304 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Mana pump (station No. 15), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 30 feet.] Month. January . . Febniary. March..".. April May June July August. . . Inches. 1.36 .37 .08 .56 .71 1.36 .14 (°) 1911 Inches. 5.52 2.12 8.04 .43 1.04 .22 1.62 («) Month. September. October November. December.. Annual Mean daily. 1911 Inches. Inches. 3.81 1.62 3.85 .43 .10 .29 2.01 .10 14. 35 •21.43 .039 .059 a Trace of rain, but too small to measure. Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Waiawa (station No. 16), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 30 feet.] Month. January... February . March April , May June July , August.... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 1.15 5.42 .24 2.78 .03 4.22 .60 .28 .80 1.79 1.51 .16 .23 2.55 .00 (o) Average, 17 years. Inches. 2.92 3.53 4.41 .74 .92 .43 .48 .72 Month. September. October November. December.. Annual Mean daily... 1910 Inches. 4.19 1.26 6.10 2.61 17.72 .049 Inches. 2.87 .79 .00 .13 20.99 .057 Average, 17 years. Inches. 1.31 .91 3.06 2.66 22.09 .060 a Trace of rain, but too small to measure. Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Biureau records. EAIFFALL EECOKDS ON KAUAI. 417 Rainfall at Kekdha {station No. 17), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 40 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May Jnne July August... 1910 Inches. 1.50 .07 .09 .83 .50 1.63 .22 .24 1911 Inches. 5.98 1.74 4.33 .25 2.00 .16 2.84 .40 Average, 20 years. Inches. 3.30 3.63 4.14 .92 1.02 .32 .45 1.14 Month. September October „ November December Annual Mean daily... 1910 Inches. 2.85 2.11 4.79 1.98 16.81 .046 1911 Inches. 2.66 1.32 .06 .30 22.04 .060 Average, 20 years. Inches. 1.12 1.20 2.64 2.76 22.64 .062 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at camp No. 7 (station No. 18) near Waimea, Kauai, 1904-1911. [Elevation, 150 feet.] Month. 1904 1905 1906 1907. 1908 1909 1910 1911 Aver- age 8 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. 1.33 17.50 5.50 .00 .00 .00 .15 2.30 2.24 .00 .50 2.28 Inches. 0.43 .31 .28 .00 .00 .63 .95 .65 .25 .85 7.25 .00 Inches. 3.80 .19 1.23 .85 .47 .00 .50 1.65 .15 1.25 2.30 5.76 Inches. 18.12 2.67 4.76 .45 2.40 .63 .00 .43 .00 1.00 .19 .80 Inches. 0.80 1.76 13.60 .38 .00 .02 .08 .09 .26 .27 .00 .01 Inches. 3.19 1.11 10.57 .78 .00 .04 .30 .00 .20 1.70 .00 10.64 Imhes. 0.30 .10 .70 .61 .56 .96 .73 .00 1.74 1.49 5.33 1.73 Inches. 7.98 2.52 4.18 .25 .22 .07 2.45 .56 2.34 .48 .11 .58 Inches. 4.49 3.27 5.10 .42 .46 .29 .64 .71 .90 .88 1.96 2.72 Inches. 18.12 17.50 13.60 .85 2.40 .96 2.45 2.30 2.34 1.70 7.25 10.64 Inches. 0.30 February .10 .28 April .00 Mav .00 Jime ;. .00 July .00 .00 .00 .00 November .00 .00 Annual 31.80 .087 11.60 .032 18.15 .050 31.45 .086 17.27 .047 28.53 .078 14.25 .039 21.74 .060 21.85 ■ .060 31.80 .086 11.60 Mean daily .032 Note.— Records furnished by Hawaiian Sugar Co., Makaweli, Kauai. Rainfall at Hiloa-Hanapepe dinide (station No. 19), Hanapepe River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,080 feet] Date of observation. 1910 Aug. 31 o Sept. 30 Oct. 31 Nov. 30 Dec. 31 1911, Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 Apr. 30 Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 4.2 10.8 18.3 20.6 19.6 43.1 24.0 16.6 Inches per day. 0.60 .36 .59 .69 .63 1.39 .86 .32 .56 Date of observation. 1911. May 31 June 30 July 31 Aug. 31 Sept. 30 Oct. 31 Nov. 30 Dec. 31 Aug. 24, 1910, to Dec. 31, 1911 Period (days). 494 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 17.0 25.4 14.2 12.7 41.6 7.0 17.6 20.1 322.7 Inches per day. 0.55 .85 .46 .41 1.39 .23 .59 .65 .65 o Gage installed Aug. 24, 1910. Note.— Special gage, SO-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. 74323°— wsp 318—13 27 418 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Rainfall in Hanapepe Valley, one-half mile below Hanapepe Falls (station No. 20), Hanapepe River drainage basin, Kauai, 1905-1911. [Elevation, SIC feet.] Month. 1911 Aver- age 7 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. January Febmary March April May Julie July August September October November December Annual Mean daily.. Inches. 0.60 .00 4.90 4.20 8.30 2.20 4.20 19.20 8.70 12.30 13.98 6.60 Inches. 7.35 1.65 2.90 4.50 8.00 5.40 9.10 17.70 6.80 9.70 10.60 16.50 Inches. 38.85 10.10 30.25 6.35 5.60 11.80 17.30 31.05 6.40 4.75 13.35 11.20 Inches. 3.85 9.35 20.80 13.30 11.20 8.45 6.20 12.95 7.80 8.70 .60 7.10 Inches. 8.95 7.80 37.65 37.85 5.83 13.22 17.31 11.50 9.93 8.76 3.04 24.80 Inches. 16.13 3.08 17.38 12.66 9.11 16.17 7.11 10. 93 8.88 10.93 14.61 14.31 Inches. 29.21 18.70 8.87 7.31 7.19 10.96 8.08 4.49 20.42 3.53 9.64 11.48 Inches. 14.99 7.24 18.39 12.31 7.89 9.74 9.90 15.40 9.85 8.38 9.40 13.14 Inches. 38.85 18.70 37.65 37.85 11.20 10.17 17.31 31.05 20.42 12.30 14.61 24.80 Inches. 0.60 .00 2.90 4.20 5.60 2.20 4.20 4.49 6.40 3.53 .60 6.60 85.18 .23 100.20 .27 187.00 .51 116.30 .32 186.64 .51 141.30 .39 139. 88 .38 135.21 .37 187.00 .51 85.18 .23 Note. — Kecords furnished by Hawaiian Sugar Co., Makaweli, Kauai. Rainfall at Makaweli (station No. 21), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 140 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average 16 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average 16 years. Inches. 1.48 .29 .66 1.32 .93 1.87 .98 .30 Inches. 8.77 4.62 3.99 .36 1.02 .66 3.00 .28 Inches. 2.88 3.44 5.07 .67 .98 .52 .72 .69 September Inches. 3.99 1.48 •7.22 2.48 Inches. 2.39 1.10 .95 1.17 Inches. 1.20 February October 1.25 November 2.58 December 2.91 tiXa-Kr Annual Mean daily... June 23.00 .063 28.31 .078 22.91 July .063 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at camp No. 2 (station No. 22) near Hanapepe, Kauai, 1905-1911. [Elevation, 250 feet.] Month. 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Aver- age 7 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. 0.25 .00 .00 .20 .00 .20 .00 .70 .60 1.45 7.00 .00 Inches. 4.60 .00 .97 .56 .22 .00 .28 2.75 1.54 .80 2.57 4.25 Inches. 19.65 1.65 10.67 .03 2.90 .30 2.23 1.44 .72 .06 .64 .64 Inches. 0.03 2.53 13.17 1.27 .24 .51 .26 .26 .54 1.82 .00 .22 Inches. 4.94 1.87 14.37 2.07 .08 .57 .10 .26 .80 3.00 .00 9.40 Inches. 2.57 .07 .40 1.91 1.05 1.47 .68 .00 2.64 1.72 8.92 3.50 Inches. 11.26 4.47 4.14 .34 .95 .30 3.58 .35 4.13 .63 .90 2.04 Inches. 6.19 1.51 6.25 .91 .78 .48 1.02 .82 1.57 1.35 2.86 2.86 Inches. 19.65 4.47 14.37 2.07 2.90 1.47 3.58 2.75 4.13 3.00 8.92 9.40 Inches. 0.03 .00 March .00 .m Mav .00 .00 July .00 .00 September .60 .06 November .00 December .00 Annual Mean daily 10.40 .028 18.54 .051 40.93 .112 20.85 .057 37.46 .103 24.93 .068 33.09 .091 26.20 .073 40.93 .112 10.40 .028 Note. — Eecords furnished by Hawaiian Sugar Co., Makaweli, KauaL EAINFALL RECOKDS ON KAUAI. 419 Rainfall at Eleele (station No. 23), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 150 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April May June July.... August. . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 1.86 8.96 .48 3.41 1.05 4.55 1.74 .49 .76 .33 1.44 .53 1.12 2.18 .63 .40 Average 11 years. Inches. 3.94 4.24 5.95 1.40 1.14 1.06 1.20 1.24 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily. . 1910 Inches. 1.62 1.97 7.21 3.86 23.74 .065 Inches. 2.98 .52 .97 1.27 26.59 .073 Average 11 years. Inches. 1.66 1.46 2.52 2.45 28.26 .077 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Wahiawa mauka (station No. 24), Wahiawa Stream drainage hasin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,000 feet.] January . . February . March April May June July August... 3.75 15.05 16.75 10.25 26.75 8.50 15.50 Inches. 38.75 22.25 9.30 10.37 13.40 16.10 17.00 10.75 Average 11 years. Inches. 14.24 16. 17 18.85 12.73 11.55 12.55 12.58 17.36 Month. September . October November . December. . Aimual Mean daily . Inches. 10. 35 15. 25 15.50 13.20 1911 Inches. 33.20 6.30 11.10 16.00 204. 52 .56 Average 11 years. Inches. 12.76 13.91 13.71 14.61 171.02 .47 o For 11 months. Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at McBryde residence (station No. 25), Wahiawa Stream drainage hasin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 900 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Average 11 years. Inches. Inches. Inches. 5.90 20.15 8.09 1.16 9.98 6.74 5.39 4.57 10.19 6.76 3.91 4.80 3.75 3.04 3.22 8.74 5.84 4.26 4.30 6.01 4.94 4.27 2.71 5.88 Month. September October November December Annual . . . Mean daily Inches. 5.56 5.12 12.88 5.51 69.34 .190 Inches. 14.06 1.36 5.48 6.55 83.66 .229 Average 11 years. iTiches. 5.16 4.70 5.97 6.36 70.31 .193 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 420 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Wdhiawa (station No. 26), Wahiawa Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 225 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 2.51 8.69 .60 5.92 1.80 3.69 2.48 1.03 .71 1.17 2.11 1.51 1.36 4.03 1.79 0.48 Month. September October November December Annual . . . . Mean daily Inches. 2.17 1.99 7.68 3.91 29.11 .080 1911 Inches. 3.97 1.00 1.33 2.34 35.16 .096 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rain/all at Homestead (station No. 27), Lawai Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 631 feet.] Month. January. . . February . March April June... July..., August. Inches. 3.30 5.74 4.55 3.48 Inches. 16.26 8.21 3.90 2.51 2.44 4.78 5.33 1.73 Month. September . October November. December. . Annual .... Mean daily. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.35 11.07 4.11 1.65 10.17 3.24 6.90 5.32 66.44 .182 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at East Lawai (station No. 28), Lawai Stream drainage basin, Kau/ii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 600 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average 10 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average 10 years. January Inches. 4.70 1..33 5.40 7.07 5.43 6.96 5.02 6.17 Inches. 14.07 11.50 3.67 2.84 4.88 5.72 6.10 3.03 Inches. Inches. 7.39 4.83 11.58 8.03 Inches. 11. 73 1.56 2.84 4.83 Inches. 5.96 February 5.12 March November .... 3.44 April 5.49 4.25 4.70 4.89 7.47 6 41 May June Annual Mean daily.. . 73.91 .205 72.77 .199 July August Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Lawai (government road, station No. 29), Kavxii, 1910. [Elevation, 450 feet.] Inches. January 4. 34 February 3. 84 March. . April... May June . - . July.... August. 4.86 6.55 4.93 4.93 4.58 4.17 Incha September 6. 2S October 12.31 November 14. 07 December 5. 71 Annual 76. 57 Mean daily 210 Note.— Compfled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAINFALL RECOEDS ON KAUAI. 421 Rainfall at Lawai {west, station No. SO), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 225 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 2.83 11.81 .26 6.72 2.55 4.26 3.38 1.39 1.47 2.84 2.86 2.62 1.06 4.44 2.18 1.45 Average 10 years. Inches. 4.69 4.07 7.04 2.20 1.56 1.84 2.08 3.05 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 4.15 2.71 11.18 4.52 39.15 .107 Inches. 6.08 2.16 1.23 2.32 47.32 .130 Average 10 years. Inches. 3.22 2.66 3.58 3.90 39.89 .109 Note.— Compiled from V. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Lawai Beach {station No. 31), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 5 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 3.28 11.72 .69 7.70 2.60 3.51 2.25 1.28 1.52 3.66 2.24 2.53 1.79 5.56 1.78 1.34 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 8.68 2.83 12.02 3.04 42.72 .117 1911 Inches. 5.65 1.21 1.18 2.01 47.35 .130 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Koloa {station No. 32), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 241 feet.] Month. January.. February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.21 12.48 1.35 10.78 5.10 4.86 6.75 2.19 4.47 6.83 5.14 5.76 3.54 7.22 5.15 4.50 Average 25 years. Inches. 5.85 5.92 7.69 4.25 4.67 4.13 4.43 4.98 Month. September October November '. December Aimual Mean daily . Inches. 7.65 5.01 11.76 7.39 67.52 .185 1911 Inches. 11.16 2.05 3.08 4.38 75.29 .206 25 years. Inches. 4.22 5.02 6.23 5.74 63.13 .173 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kuhxiula {station No. 33), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 100 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 1.66 11.23 .10 7.04 .98 3.70 2.36 .60 1.31 1.97 1.81 1.83 2.22 4.25 1.33 .75 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 39.23 .107 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 422 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Puuhi {station No. S4), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 75 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May Julie July August.. 1910 Inches. 1.66 .00 .71 .85 .64 1.28 .62 .37 1911 Inches. 7.75 3.94 3.60 .50 .70 .64 3.50 .00 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 2.14 1.07 10.17 2.90 22.41 .061 Inches. 3.29 1.05 .17 .93 26.07 .071 Note.— Compiled from United States Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Mahaulepu {station No. 35), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 90 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 Inches. 3.10 1.09 1.70 4.55 4.25 3.27 1.89 2.28 1911 Inches. 14.36 7.95 6.12 1.71 3.60 4.38 7.19 3.04 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 3.57 4.47 11.20 6.91 48.28 .132 1911 Inches. 8.54 2.14 1.93 3.82 64.78 .177 Note.— Compiled from United States Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kamoola ditch {station No. 36), Huleia River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 835 feet.] January. February March . . . AprE May June July August. . 1910 Inches. 11.53 3.46 8.32 10.72 9.34 14.49 9.13 7.74 1911 Inches. 16.01 7.02 7.27 5.04 11.15 9.34 9.30 8.73 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 8.39 9.60 14.12 7.74 114. 58 .314 1911 Inches. 22.74 3.63 5.53 7.87 113.63 .311 Note.— Compiled from United States Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Wilcox ditch {station No. 37), Huleia River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 725 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 Inches. 5.87 1.81 6.00 7.99 5.66 7.10 5.02 6.49 Inches. 16.33 11. 82 6.84 4.06 6.32 6.63 7.19 3.95 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 10.72 6.64 13.24 7.18 83.72 .229 1911 Inches. 15.57 2.30 4.31 6.39 91.71 .251 Note.— Compiled from United States W^eather Bureau records. EAINFALL EECORDS ON KAUAI. 423 Rainfall at Adkukui (station No. 38), Huleia River drainage basin, Kauai, 1909-1911. [Elevation, 350 feet.] Month. 1909 1910 1911 Month. 1909 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 3.40 1.58 4.14 5.33 3.74 4.68 3.43 4.17 Inches. 12.80 7.85 5.56 1.27 4.87 3.99 5.44 3.43 September Inches. 2.35 4.27 1.35 10.81 Inches. 7.95 6.24 13.13 4.49 Inches. 9.51 October 1.98 November 3.30 December 3.51 Annual 2.65 3.95 2.31 62.28 .171 63.51 July Mean dally... 0.129 .173 a For 7 months. Note.— Records furnished by E. H. W. Broadbent, manager Grove Farm plantation, Lihue, Kauai. Rainfall at Kukaua {station No. 39), Kilohana crater, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 1911 Average 12 years. Inches. Inches. Inches. 6.80 21.34 7.77 2.91 8.95 8.33 5.81 8.20 11.47 7.78 4.23 7.76 8.18 9.21 7.06 7.64 8.01 5.93 5.06 7.68 6.97 5.75 5.63 8.66 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 6.68 12.14 16.31 7.88 92.94 .255 1911 Inches. 15.60 2.78 6.90 6.90 105. 43 .289 Average 12 years. Inches. 6.72 8.20 8.14 9.37 96.38 .264 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Lihue (Kilohana) (station No. 40), Nawiliwili Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 400 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August . . , 1910 Inches. 3.53 1.88 2.37 3.96 5.23 3.75 2.64 2.88 1911 Inches. 14.14 6.66 7.16 1.56 3.19 3.17 4.79 2.87 Month. September October November . . . December Annual Mean daily Inches. 4.05. 7.03 14.49 3.54 55.35 .152 Inches. 7.78 1.64 3.90 2.42 59.28 .162 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Molohoa (station No. 41), Nawiliwili Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 250 feet.] Month. January.. February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 3.25 14.15 1.70 5.95 2.32 7.87 3.62 1.16 4.26 3.13 3.93 3.49 2.73 4.08 2.24 2.65 Average 19 years. Inches. 4.78 5.51 7.13 3.30 3.29 2.77 2.80 4.08 Month. September , October , November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 2.44 5.67 13.90 3.95 50.01 .137 1911 Inches. 6.92 1.63 3.90 2.71 57.64 .158 Average 19 years. Inches. 2.88 4.55 5.95 5.53 52.57 .144 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau reovr(1». 424 WATER RES6URCES 01^ HAWAII. Rainfall at Grove Farm {station No. 42), Nawiliwili Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 200 feet.] Month. January.. February March . . . April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.38 12.75 2.33 6.57 1.99 6.17 3.07 .87 2.83 2.19 2.60 2.47 1.77 4.17 2.13 1.98 27 years. Inches. 4.62 5.20 6.15 3.14 3.08 1.99 2.21 2.73 Month. September October November December.. Annual Mean daily. 1910 Inches. 2.51 5.26 12.19 4.79 45.85 .126 1911 Inches. 6.65 1.90 2.98 2.34 51.04 .140 Average 27 years. Inches. 2.76 3.62 5.50 4.86 45.86 .126 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at lAhue (station No. 43), Nawiliwili Stream drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 200 feet.] Month. January . February March April May June July August... 1910 Inches. 3.93 2.32 2.29 2.68 3.76 2.98 2.74 2.10 1911 iTiches. 13.54 5.53 6.71 1.14 2.20 2.20 4.22 2.32 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daUy 1910 Inches. 2.97 5.18 14.61 4.12 49.68 .136 1911 Inches. 6.73 2.11 3.51 2.76 52.97 .145 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Hanamaula (station No. 44), Hanamaula Stream drainage basin, Kavm, 1910-11. [Elevation, 200 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.46 14.78 1.76 8.05 2.19 3.95 2.77 .79 2.55 1.27 2.51 2.54 1.97 2.85 1.88 .50 Average 17 years. Inches. 4.73 5.20 6.69 2.36 2.26 2.37 2.09 2.93 Month. September , October , November , December , Annual Mean daily Inches. 2.50 4.53 13. 05 4.06 44. 22 .121 Inches. 6.20 2.41 5.71 2.79 51.84 .142 Average 17 years. Inches. 2.77 3.65 5.13 4.84 45. 02 .123 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAIKPALL EECOEDS OK KAUAI. 425 Rainfall at Waiahi (station No. 45), Wailua River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 600 feet.] Date of observation. Sept. 23 o. Oct. 26.. Nov. 22 . Dec. 2S.. Jan. 27 . Feb. 27. Mar. 28. Apr. 30. May 31.. Recorded rain- fall. Period (days). Inches Inches. per day. 27 6.5 0.24 33 9.0 .27 27 23. S. .88 33 8.6 .26 33 26.6 .81 31 17.6 .57 29 9.2 .32 33 6.6 .20 31 12.6 .41 Date of observation. June 29 . July 31. Aug. 30 Sept. 29. Oct. 31. Nov. 30 Dec. 30. Aug. 27, 1910, to Dee. 30, 1911 Period (days). 490 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 10.2 9.4 6 8 21.0 4.4 8.2 11.2 Inches per day. 0.35 .29 .23 .70 .14 .27 .37 a Gage installed Aug. 27, 1910. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Hanahanapuni {station No. 46), Wailua River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 911 feet.] Date of observation. 1910 Sept. 22o Oct. 34 Nov. 23 Dec. 23 1911, Jan. 28 Feb. 28 Mar. 29 Apr. 30 May 30 Recorded rain- fall. Period (days). Inches Inches. day. 26 5.5 0.21 32 8.5 .27 30 12.2 .41 30 4.4 .15 36 34.0 .95 31 10.8 .35 29 7.8 .27 32 5.6 .18 30 12.2 .41 r>ate of observation. 1911. June 30 July 31 Aug. 31 Sapt. 30 Oct. 31 Nov. 30... Dec. 30 Aug. 27, 1910, to Dec. 30, 1911 Period (days). 490 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 9.2 7.2 6.4 17.6 3.0 7.6 8.2 lfiO.2 Inches per day. 0.30 .23 .21 .59 .10 .25 .27 a Gage installed Aug. 27, 1910. Note. — Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, coatainer 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Summit Camp (station No. 47), on divide between Hanalei River and North Fork of Wailua River, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,900 feet.] Month. January . . February. March April May June July August... 1910 30.14 22.73 16.91 12.16 22.70 15.10 13.20 9.28 Month. September. October . . . November. December . Annual Mean daily. 1910 a 10. 61 21.98 24.22 15.12 1911 28.76 7.05 13.53 22.45 214.01 .59 a Sept. 18-30, 1910. Note.— Observations made daily by Kauai Electric Co. * Sept. 18 to Dec. 31, 1910. 426 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Kapehuala (station No. 48), on divide between North Fork of Wailua River and Kapaa River, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,130 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inch es per day. 1910. Sept. 11 a 46 169 83 81 22.8 651. 6+ 651. 6+ 651. 6+ 0.50 1911. Oct. 16 67 74 49.6 651. 6-t- 67 Dee. 29 1911. Feb. 27 July 27, 1910, to Dec. 29, 1911 520 278. 8-1- May 21 .54-t- Aug. 10 a Gage installed July 27, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note. — Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Pohakupili (station No. 49), Kapaa River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,589 feet.] Date of observation. Aug. 8 a. Sept. 25.. Nov. 4.. May 19 . Aug. 4 Recorded rain- fall. Period (days). Inches Inches. per day. 14 3.2 0.23 48 18.3 .38 40 24.8 .62 196 651. 6+ 77 47.4 .62 Date of observation. Aug. 14. Oct. 11 Dec. 27 July 25, 1910, to Dec. 27. 1911 Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 2.6 26.0 47.8 221.7-1- Inches per day. 0.26 .45 .62 .434- a Gage installed July 25, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note. — Special gage, 50-inoh capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. Rainfall at Pueo (station .No. 50), on divide between Anahola, Kealia, and Kalihiwai rivers, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,748 feet.] Date of observation. Aug. 8 a. Sept. 25.. Nov. 14.. May 19 , Period (days). 186 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 6.4 29.0 38.8 651. 6 Inches per day. 0.46 .61 .78 Date of observation. Aug. 14. Oct. 11- Dec. 27. July 25, 1910, to Dec. 27, 1911 Period (days). 520 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 651. 6+ 46. 651. 6-1- 275. Sc- inches per .53+ o Gage installed July 25, 1910. 6 Gage overflowed. Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter. RAINFALL EECOEDS ON" KAUAI. 427 Rainfall at Kapahi (station No. 51), Kapaa River drainage basin, Kauai, 1910-1 !■ [Elevation, 300 feet.] January . . February March April May June. July August... Inches. 6.37 2.43 2.40 2.39 5.00 2.88 1.79 2.46 Inches. 10.59 6.06 6.30 .77 4.30 3.38 4.36 1.38 12 years. Inches. 5.40 5.48 8.20 3.11 3.72 3.72 4.19 3.25 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daUy Inches. 5.45 14.81 13.66 5.17 64.81 .178 Inhes. cl.m 1.90 7.00 3.98 57.82 .158 Average, 12 years. Inches. 3.60 4.81 6.16 7.11 58.75 .161 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kealia (station No. 52), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 15 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... 1910 Inches. 6.14 2.19 1.17 1.38 2.33 1.05 1.20 1.11 1911 Inches. 10.83 4.63 6.21 .64 1.95 2.10 3.96 1.14 Average, 12 years. Inches. . 4.22 4.89 7.04 1.89 2.34 1.62 1.91 1.99 Month. September October November December Annual . . . Mean daily 1910 Inches. 4.59 9.28 11.07 3.00 44.51 .122 Inches. 5.92 2.27 1.22 .92 41.79 .114 Average, 12 years. Inches. 2.32 3.76 3.65 4.44 40.07 .110 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Halaula (station No. 53), Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 250 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 9.33 2.95 1.70 1.75 4.10 1.80 .90 3.00 Inches. 16.80 9.30 10.00 .85 2.50 4.85 1.85 1.60 Average, 10 years. Inches. 5.38 8.68 2.38 2.28 2.36 2.18 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily.. Inches. 7.00 8.30 21.20 5.65 67.68 .185 1911 Inches. 11.05 4.45 2.60 3.25 69.10 .189 Average, 10 years. Inches. 4.14 5.46 7.24 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kilauea (station No. 54), 1910-11. [Elevation, 342 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average, 27 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average, 27 years. January Inches. 7.20 2.52 2.76 3.06 3.38 4.17 4.51 2.75 Inches. 11.17 7.61 8.70 1.93 3.82 4.16 3.45 3.62 Inches. 5.76 6.55 9.61 4.81 5.27 4.02 4.76 5.01 Inches. 3.18 6.86 11.35 4.83 Inches. 7.66 2.02 3.94 3.43 Inches. 4.47 February October 5.69 March 6.95 6.38 Annual Mean daily. . . June 56.57 .155 61.51 .168 69.28 July .190 August Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 428 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Kapaka (station No. 55) on divide between Hanalei and KaliMwai rivers, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,123 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 16.67 13.25 10.59 5.88 14.34 10.03 11.24 11.03 September Inches. 7.35 13. 12 13.72 13.25 Inches. 25.14 October 3.55 November 10.34 December 10.51 May- Annual June 142. 57 July Mean daily 0.389 .391 a Sept. 1 to Dec. 31, 1910. Note.— Observations made daily by Kauai Electric Co. Rainfall at W. F. Sanborn's residence (station No. 56), Hanalei, Kauai, 1910-11. [Elevation, 105 feet.) Month. January . . February. March AprU May June July August . . . Inches. 4.67 4.91 5.24 6.87 4.52 4.29 Inches. 13.56 8.53 8.30 3.52 6.97 5.38 5.23 5.38 Month. September. October November. December . , Annual Mean daily. Inches. 3.18 11.02 10.30 7.09 0.203 1911 Inches. 12.44 2.14 5.14 7.07 83.65 .229 a For 10 months. Note.— Readings made daily. Records furnished by W. F. Sanborn, manager Frinceville Plantation Co., Ltd., Hanalei, Kauai. Rainfall at intake of Wainiha canal (station No. 57), Wainiha River drainage basin, Kauai, 1907-1911. [Elevation, 700 feet.] Month. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Average 5 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. Inches. 5.13 16.82 11.45 29.90 6.73 5.82 5.04 11.49 6.96 7.99 6.72 12.49 Inches. 12.09 17.68 39.48 11.47 9.53 9.68 16.93 11.11 7.50 11.09 5.55 25.32 Inches. 19.88 6.89 15. 14 21.20 15.30 19.70 6.81 8.88 7.13 13.72 13.59 22.87 Inches. 14.25 34.27 18.06 12.11 30.48 9.46 7.48 4.08 24.76 2.85 12.02 9.93 Inches. 12.84 16.16 21.39 17.61 14.48 11.27 11.04 14.94 10.09 8.94 11.51 19.75 Inches. 19.88 34.27 39.48 29.90 30.48 19.70 18.95 39.16 24.76 13.72 19.66 28.14 Inches. 5.13 5.15 22.83 13.36 10.38 11.70 18.95 39.16 4.08 9.04 19.66 28.14 5.15 March 11.45 April 11.47 6.73 June 5.82 July 5.04 August 4.08 September 4.08 October 2.85 November 5.55 December 9.93 Annual a 182. 45 .55 126. 54 .35 177.43 .48 171. 11 .47 179. 75 .49 170. 70 .47 o 182. 45 .55 126. 54 Mean daily .35 a For 11 months. Note.— Records furnished by Kauai Electric Co. EAINFALL RECORDS ON OAHU. 429 Rainfall at power house of Kauai Electric Co. (station No. 58), Wainihi River drainage basin, Kauai, 1907-1911. [Elevation, 125 feet.] Month. 1907 1906 1909 1910 Average 5 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. January February . . March April May June July August September . October November . December. . Inches. 6.05 17.22 5.34 11.81 11.92 16.21 39.68 4.70 5.5-8 10.61 12.08 Inches. 2.87 11.65 6.62 7.66 3.33 5.45 3.62 7.13 5.30 4.44 2.22 3.16 Inches. 4.85 6.31 21.55 5.45 10.85 6.29 11.16 5.59 7.33 6.75 2.08 15.47 Inches. 11.75 4.32 11.33 10.75 13.14 14.99 4.87 5.77 6.55 6.64 8.18 13.25 Inches. 11.26 15.31 11.56 3.20 13.64 6.48 7.27 7.12 17.23 2.52 7.40 10.76 Inches. 7.68 8.73 13.66 6.48 10.55 9.03 8.63 13.06 8.22 5.19 6.10 10.94 Inches. 11.75 15.31 21.55 10.75 13.64 14.99 16.21 39.68 17.23 6.75 10.61 15.47 Inches. 2.87 4.32 6.62 3.20 3.33 5.45 3.62 5.59 4.70 2.52 2.08 3.16 Annual Mean daily. 141.20 .42 63.45 .17 103. 68 111.54 .30 113. 75 .31 109. 30 .30 a 141. 20 .17 63.45 .42 « For 11 months. Note. — Records furnished by Kauai Electric Co. Alphabetic list of rainfall stations on Island of Kauai. Name. Aafcukui Camp No. 2, near Hanapepe Camp No. 7, near Waimea. . Eleele Grove Farm Halaula Hanahanapuni Hanamaulu Hanapepe Valley fiUoa-Hanapepe divide Homestead Intake, Wainiha canal Kahana-Makuone divide Kamoola ditch Kapahi Kapaka Kapehuala Kealia a Keanakua Kekaha Kilauea. Ealohana Kokee Koloa a. Kukaua Kukuiula Lawai Beach Lawai (east) .' Lawai (Government road). . No. Eleva- tion. Feet. 350 250 150 150 200 250 911 200 510 2,080 631 700 3,750 835 300 1,123 3,130 15 4,450 40 342 4,023 3,550 241 1,000 100 5 600 450 Name. Lawai (west) Lehuamakanoi LUiue Lihue (Kilohana) Makaweli Mohlhi-Koaie divide Mohihi, upper crossing Mahaulepu Mana pump McBryde residence Molokoa Olokele ditch Olokele mauka Paukahana Pohakupili Power house, Kauai Electrie Co Pueo Puuhi Puu Lua a Sanborn's residence Summit camp Wahiawa Wahiawa mauka Waiahi Waiakoali camp a Waialae Waialeale W aiawa a Wilcox ditch No. Eleva- tion. Feet. 225 3,932 200 400 140 3,950 3,500 90 30 900 250 1,310 2,100 3,723 2,589 125 2,747 75 3,500 105 1,900 225 2,000 600 3,450 3,600 5,080 30 725 a Evaporation station. RAINFALL RECORDS ON ISLAND OF OAHTT. Records were obtained at 47 rainfall stations on Oahu during 1910 and 1911. Of these stations, 21 were above 500 feet, 11 above 1,000 feet, and 3 above 2,000 feet in elevation. The stations on the koolau (windward) side of the island were below the region of heaviest rainfall, which probably occurs on the 430 WATER KESOUKCES OF HAWAII. windward slopes at some distance below the summits of the moun- tains. The location of the stations is shown on Plate XII (at end of volume) . In the subjoined tables acknowledgment is made to the United States Weather Bureau for use of data collected by it, and to cooper- ating parties and observers. Rainfall stations on Island of Oahu. 1. Makapuu 2. Mount Olympus 3. Waiamao 4. Manoa 5. Tantalus (Isenberg) 6. Kaliula 7. Rhodes' Gardens 8. United States Experiment Station 9. Spencer Street, Honolulu '. . 10. Kinau Street, Honolulu 11. United States Weather Bu- reau 12. United States Naval Station. 13. Konahuanui 14. Nuuanu Pali 15. Luakaha, upper ' 16. Luakaha, lower 17. Electric light power station . . 18. Wyllie Street, Honolulu 19. Nuuanu Valley 20. Insane asylum 21. Moanalua 22. Aiea (mauka) 23. Aiea (makai) Elevation (feet). 570 2,450 600 300 1,650 1,200 300 120 100 50 111 6 3,100 1,200 1,125 850 405 250 50 30 15 500 100 24. Puuloa 25. Waimalu-uka 26. Waimalu 27. Waiawa-Waiahole divide 28. Waiawa 29. Schofield Barracks 30. Hoaeae ^ 31. Waipahu 32. Ewa plantation 33. Magnetic station (Coast and Geodetic Survey) 34. Waianae (mauka) 35. Waianae mill 36. Kaala Gulch 37. Wahiawa 38. Waialua mill 39. Kawaiiki 40. Waialua (Opaeula) 41. Pupukea 42. Kahuku 43. Ahuimanu 44. Heeia 45. Kaneohe 46. Maunawili ranch 47. Waimanalo Elevation (feet). 15 500 25 675 990 725 200 50 45 1,600 6 1,700 870 30 1,050 1.100 727 25 350 100 100 250 200 1 Evaporation station. Rainfall at Makapuu (station No. 1), Oahu, 1910-11. [Elevation, 570 feet.] Month 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 Januarv Inches. Inches. 1.69 5.35 3.12 .48 .60 .06 .28 .50 September.. Inches. 2.39 .64 .26 1.66 Inches. 1 11 0.41 .03 .16 .13 .53 .43 .79 .30 March November 1 20 .65 May Annual June . . 15 54 July For 11 months. Rainfall at Mahana (station No. 21), Honokahua Stream drainage basin, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,800 feet.] Month. January.. February March. . . April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 13.50 12.56 7.62 17.57 8.86 2.96 7.25 8.24 11.20 8.88 8.49 13.83 7.08 4.34 12.35 12.10 Average, 15 years. Inches. 9.54 11.69 10.61 9.32 7.86 6.30 7.98 10.46 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily... Inches. 3.97 5.77 115. 92 .318 Inches. 19.23 3.65 7.86 8.18 119. 40 .327 Average, 15 years. Inches. 7.15 7.90 9.48 11.95 110. 24 .302 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Mokupea (station No. 22), Honokahua Stream drainage basin, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 12.21 8.73 7.07 5.84 7.52 6.30 5.39 8.39 Inches. 9.67 12.98 2.72 5.43 6.86 8.13 3.02 7.15 Average 13 years. Inches. 8.49 11.39 8.27 8.01 6.68 5.64 6.66 8.36 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily. . 1910 Inches. 2.30 4.49 5.14 18.36 91.74 .251 Inches. 14.72 2.63 5.54 6.63 85.48 .234 Average 13 vears. Inches. 6.41 7.24 8.38 9.88 95.41 .261 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL RECOKDS ON MAUI AND KAHOOLAWE. 453 Rainfall at Honokahua Gulch {station No. 23), Maui, 1907-1911. [Elevation, 760 feet.] Month. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Ayerage, 5 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. January Inches. Inches. 2.58 8.77 6.45 3.02 3.09 4.65 4.00 6.94 5.42 2.03 3.38 4.55 Inches. 1.67 4.86 11.77 4.87 5.22 4.13 7.76 2.84 2.89 4.63 2.22 9.51 Inches, 10.34 6.09 5.25 4.51 7.18 5.32 5.20 8.98 1.00 3.77 5.02 13.59 Inches. 8.48 10.51 2.89 4.86 3.56 5.74 3.51 4.88 7.49 2.57 3.89 4.58 Inches. 5.77 7.38 6.07 4.08 4.29 4.96 4.92 6.55 4.23 3.51 4.00 6.84 Inches. 10.34 10.51 11.77 4.87 7.18 5.74 7.76 9.13 7.49 4.63 5.48 13.59 Inches. 1.67 February 6.70 4.02 3.16 2.41 4.96 4.13 9.13 4.31 4.56 5.48 1.98 4.86 March 2.89 April 3.02 May 2.41 .Tiinfi 4.13 July 3.51 August . . . 2.84 September 1.06 October 2.03 November 2.22 December 1.98 Annual 54.88 .150 62.37 .171 76.31 .209 62.96 .172 62.40 .171 76.31 .209 54.88 Mean daily 0.152 .150 a For 11 months. Note. — Gage read daily. Records furnished by David Fleming, manager Honolua ranch. Rainfall at Honolua {station No. 24), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 25 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average 19 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average 19 years. Inches. 7.96 3.28 3.08 2.72 2.98 2.49 2.20 5.87 Inches. 5.96 7.08 2.47 2.39 2.94 2.37 2.77 5.41 Inches. 4.19 5.50 4.17 2.66 1.71 1.82 2.37 2.96 September Inches. 1.30 2.42 2.66 8.16 Inches. 7.77 1.34 3.12 3.04 Inches. 2.57 October 2.67 March November 3.80 December 4.79 Annual Mean daily... June 45.12 .124 46.66 .128 39.21 July .107 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Honokahau ditch intake {station No. 25), Maui, 1907-1911. [Elevation, 806 feet.] Month. 1907 1909 1910 1911 Average, 5 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. January February . . March AprU May June July August September . October November. December. . Inches. 20.61 8.66 14.08 5.46 5.70 9.45 25.15 13.04 16.36 10.24 2.67 Inches. 5.39 12.20 9.25 7.48 6.48 5.51 9.56 13.14 9.63 5.34 8.53 12.56 Inches. 3.37 8.18 30.10 16.03 13.96 10.65 14.90 4.65 5.91 9.13 6.71 13.63 Inches. 18.57 10.16 11.99 9.16 9.78 14.43 10.26 23.93 5.64 6.69 14.25 29.59 Inches. 16.65 20.01 6.81 12.42 15.13 15.23 9.72 19.10 25.31 10.08 11.72 9.39 Inches. 10.98 14.23 13.36 11.83 10.16 10.31 10.78 17.20 11.90 9.52 10.30 13.57 Inches. 18.57 20.61 30.10 16.03 15.13 15.23 14.90 25.15 25.31 16.36 14.25 29.59 Annual Mean daily . 105.07 .29 137.22 .38 164. 45 .45 171.57 .47 144.34 .40 171.57 .47 Inches. 3.37 8.18 6.81 7.48 5.46 5.51 9.45 4.65 5.64 5.34 6.71 2.67 105.07 .29 o For 11 months. Note. — Gage read daily. Records furnished by David Fleming, manager Honolua ranch. 454 WATEE EESOURCES OF HAW AH. Rainfall at Waihoi {station No. 26), near Hana, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,200 feet.] Date of observation. Recorded rainfall. Date of observation. Recorded rainfall. 1910. July 24 Inches. 4.30 4.70 8.50 9.20 8.30 10.40 9.10 4.20 2.58 5.58 3.68 7.90 6.30 7.86 5.30 7.56 6.88 7.66 8.42 8.67 8.87 9.98 9.86 8.32 9.94 8.86 9.82 8.62 8.74 8.60 9.34 1911. Feb. 2 Inches. 9 86 31 9 9.80 A.ug. 7 16 9.68 14 23 8.66 21 Mar. 2 9.42 28 9.. . . 7.26 Sept. 4 16 8.86 11 23. ... 8.94 15 30 7.68 18 Apr. 13.. .. 8.64 25 27 9.84 Oct. 2 Mav 4. .. . 8.76 10 ii:.::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: 9.60 17 18 8.94 24 Aug. 28 3.06 31 Sept. 19 8.64 Nov. 7 25 9.88 14 30 . . 9.72 21 Oct. 6 8.62 28 12 7.94 Dec. 5 18 .48 12 24 .29 19 30 Nov. 6 1.91 29 1.48 12 1.22 1911. 19 2.46 Jan. 5 24 2.38 30 2.54 12 Dec. 5 . .... 2.06 16 11 2.28 19 16 2.04 23 24 2.26 26 30 2.84 Note. — Record furnished by county of Maui and published as received. Readings were discontinued during the period from May 18 to Aug. 28, 1911. It is not known positively whether these data represent all the readings made by the observer. Rainfall at Hana {station No. 27), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 145 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August . . Inches. 13.21 4.39 4.78 4.39 4.60 5.14 3.36 14.35 1911 Inches. 9.84 9.66 6.05 • 5.50 6.50 4.18 2.58 5.96 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 3.89 3.80 3.21 31.82 96.94 .265 Inches. 10.56 3.02 3.12 4.05 71.02 .195 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Nahiku {station No. 28), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 700 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May..... June July August. . Inches. 20.23 9.79 9.18 11.30 11.53 12.92 9.70 21.06 Inches. 16.44 18.16 6.59 10.04 19.49 12.87 8.51 19.23 Average, 11 years. Inches. 14.46 13.28 19.54 18.11 10.81 10.59 13.18 18.33 Month. September October November December Annual.. . Mean daily Inches. 7.14 8.37 10.48 43.35 175.05 .480 1911 Inches. 30.50 12.25 11.58 8.89 174. 55 .478 Average, 11 years. Inches. 13.39 12.31 16.93 17.38 178. 31 .488 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAINFALL RECORDS ON" MAUI AND KAHOOLAWE. 455 Rainfall at Kopiliula (station No. 29), Koolau ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,220 feet.] Moath. January... February . March. . ." . , April May Juifle July August Inches. 33.08 14.03 17.94 16.38 20.80 23. 51 17.16 27.54 Inches. 27.73 26. 73 4.35 19.13 22.52 22.06 14.08 24.27 Month. September. October November. December. . Annual Mean daily. 1910 Inches. Inches. lu. 69 39.70 11.61 10.85 16.98 20.11 53.68 14.08 263. 40 245.61 .722 .673 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Keanae (station No. 30), Koolau ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. January. . February , March April May June July August... 1910 Inches. 29.03 17.36 22.53 18.37 22.33 29.28 21.64 30.17 1911 Inches. 27.40 37.84 4.67 21.45 24.53 26.75 15.31 24.94 Month. September . October November . December. . Annual Mean daily. 1910 1911 Inches. iTiches. 13.05 43.91 13.48 9.77 20.30 22.55 59.59 15.98 297. 12 274. 74 .814 .752 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kupau camp (station No. 31), near Keanae, Maui, 1911. [Elevation, 300 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Aug. 31a 30 30 31 29.30 30.42 22.70 0.98 Sept. 30 1.01 Oct. 31 .73 Aug. 1 to Oct. 31 91 82.42 .91 a Gage installed Aug. 1, 1911. Note. — Gage of U. S. Weather Bureau type was read daily. Rainfall at Honomanu (station No. 32), Spreckels ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,800 feet.] Month. January.. February . March April , June . . . July.... August. 1910 Inches. 27.82 21.27 24.08 18.66 22.29 29.01 21.85 28.01 Inches. 26.73 39.35 7.08 25.94 28.63 28.47 15.67 24.32 Month. September . October November . December. . Annual . . . . Mean daily. Inches. Inches. 13.61 41.86 13.37 9.55 20.44 21.85 60.50 15.66 300. 91 285.11 .822 .781 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 456 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Waikamoi mauka {station No. 3S), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 4,250 feet.) Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 43.92 76.15 7.98 27.80 33.23 23.69 10.72 22.30 September Inches. Inches. 34 70 February October G.40 20.10 80.02 13 09 November 28.60 April December 20.48 Mav Annual . . , , 349. 26 Julv Mean daily a 1.33 .96 a For 80 days. Note.— Gage, of U. S. Weather Bureau type, installed Oct. 12, 1910. Rainfall at Waikamoi (station No. 34), Spreckels ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,250 feet.] Month. January. . . February . March April June. .. July.... August. 1910 Inches. 22.30 13.22 18.63 13.87 18.79 24.86 16.33 25.43 1911 Inches. 24. 97 30.70 6.69 16.90 23.01 22.48 12.74 22.88 Month. September. October November. December. . Annual Mean daily. Inches. 9.10 10.84 10.94 49. 66 239. 97 .058 1911 Inches. 41.48 11.20 18.01 14.58 245. 64 .673 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Punaluu {station No. 35), Center ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 710 feet.] Month. January.., February . March April May June July August Inches. 17.02 7.32 10.86 7.57 8.90 11.06 9.10 18.58 Inches. 15.51 13. 24 4.50 9.77 12.46 6.36 16.52 Month. September . October November. December. . Inches. 4.77 7.22 8.45 27.88 Annual Mean daily. 138. 73 .380 1911 Inches. 31.07 8.00 10.71 a. 423 a For 10 months. Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kailua {station No. 36), Spreckels ditch region, Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 700 feet.] January.. Februar J' March -A^pril May June July August... Inches. 17.57 8.31 12.18 6.98 10.74 11,90 8.09 19.31 Inches. 16.97 17.99 6.44 11.14 14.14 13.48 6.57 14.41 Month. September. October November. December. . .\nnual Mean daily. 1911 Inches. Inches. 6.56 25.27 7.22 8.36 9.90 11.11 31. 17 10.81 149. 99 156.69 .411 .429 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL RECOEDS ON MAUI AND KAHOOLAWE. 457 Rainfall at Lupi {station No. 37), Maui, 1897-1911. [Elevation, 1,160 feet.) MonCh. 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Inchen. 6.03 8.26 6.18 5.47 3.54 3.76 10.44 13.03 5.58 7.47 11. 18 13.53 Inches. 21.05 8.54 26.06 5.92 12.69 5.77 8.51 8.89 9.72 9.29 8.71 15.54 Inches. (a) (a) O) 9.26 13.67 10.47 6.69 10.03 3.55 16.55 7.61 2.68 Inches. 7.14 9.66 5.74 17.36 15.48 5.87 15.03 12.33 5.87 14.90 12.57 6.77 Inches. 10.58 13.63 12.94 6.44 1.28 6.00 6.57 4.10 6.65 8.76 20.30 10.69 Inches. 6.40 6.10 52.72 18.94 22.58 4.23 8.57 15.53 10.23 15.07 17.65 24.23 Inches. 17.41 10.13 8.21 22.76 4.78 9.07 24.71 13.24 16.65 13.34 15.92 13.26 Inches. 21.90 12. 98 9.31 27.08 5.02 6.22 11.02 12.23 5.03 8. .37 10.07 9.60 Inches. 8.22 4. 03 14. 33 14.94 May . 17.46 10.32 July 9.65 23.15 23.77 14.72 15.88 11.43 94.47 .26 140. 69 .39 "'b".29 128.72 .35 106.94 .29 202. 25 .55 169. 48 .46 138.83 .38 167. SO .46 Month. 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Aver- age, 14 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. 10.30 3.56 12.48 13.26 9.44 6.65 10.47 22. 08 10.89 10. 64 12.13 26.21 Inches. 5.09 13.82 13.56 14.35 3.62 10.70 13.40 32.54 14.97 13.59 15.96 4.26 Inches. 5.78 17.08 4.76 13.30 8.17 9.99 13.36 16.98 13.46 8.31 9.26 16.55 Inches. 5.22 11.27 33.20 13.53 14.16 12.14 21.32 6.56 10.99 9.53 8.07 15.43 Inches. 19.30 8.22 14.51 10.29 13.20 18.20 12.40 21.45 7.83 7.81 13.84 33.14 Inches. 18.70 27.38 9.42 11.93 12.36 18.70 8.55 16.51 28.70 7.40 15.35 13.94 Inches. 11.65 11.05 15.96 13. 66 10.49 9.21 12.05 15. 24 11.53 11.06 12.97 14.49 Inches. 21.90 27.38 62.72 27.08 22.58 18.70 24.71 32.54 28.70 16.55 20.30 33.14 Inches. 5.09 3.56 4.76 5.47 1.28 3.76 July 6.57 4.10 3.55 7.40 7.61 2. 68 148. 11 .41 155.86 .43 137.00 .37 161.42 .44 180. 19 .49 188.94 .52 151.49 .415 202. 25 .55 94.47 .26 a Record missing. b For 9 months. Note.— Gage read daily. Records furnished by S. E. Hubbard. Rainfall at Ukulele {station No. 38), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 5,300 feet.] Month. January . , February, March April May , June July August . . . Inches. 17.96 7.80 9.22 11.90 8.75 5.20 3. .35 7.80 Inches. 7.90 31.40 6.81 9.65 10.10 2.70 1.15 5.05 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 3.92 5.78 4.30 18.72 104. 70 .287 1911 Inches. 12.05 .95 7.45 11.00 106.21 .291 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 458 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII, Ruinfall at Olinda {station No. 39) , Maui, 1910-11. (Elevation, 4,000 feet.) Month. January.. February. March .\pril May June July August . . . Inches. Inches. 8.76 21.36 10.32 5.71 6.82 1.63 (a) 3.09 September. October. . . November. December . Annual Mean daily. Inches. 1.67 2.21 3.52 14.71 6.23 a Record mis'^ing. b For 96 days. c For 10 months. Note. — Gage, of U. S. Weather Bureau type, was installed Sept. 26, 1910. Rainfall at Haledkala ranch {station No. 40), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,000 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... Inches. 10.18 3.22 . 1.50 6.27 3.93 2.28 2.07 2.50 Inches. 5.49 10.69 5.21 1.98 2.03 .37 .00 .50 Average, 20 years. Inches. 6.32 6.84 7.45 3.29 1.65 .96 1.27 2.76 Month. September October November December. Annual Mean daily 2.02 .66 2.17 9.75 46.55 .128 1911 Inches. 2.72 .14 .85 3.60 33.58 .092 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Makawao {station No. 41), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,700 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 January Inches. 32.02 10.33 6.12 6.93 4.75 3.57 3.66 3.54 Inches. 5.34 15.09 5.02 3.48 4.14 1.65 .22 1.55 September Imhes. 2.56 2.93 4.22 10.61 Inches. 4.42 October .53 November 3.50 December 4.85 Aimual 91.24 .250 49.79 July Mean dailv .136 August Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Puuomalei {station No. 42), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,430 feet.] January.. February March April May Jime July August... Inches. 13. 71 5.71 8.28 9.21 6.79 5.88 5.28 5.90 Inches. 7.14 18.42 4.00 6.39 5.00 5.02 2.12 4^02 .'Average, 17 years. Inches. 6.75 7.34 10.46 6.82 4.21 3.04 3.78 5.31 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily... Inches. 4.04 5.36 5.43 16.53 92.12 .252 Inches. 11.38 2.67 5.83 7.01 79.60 .218 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAINFALL RECORDS ON MAUI AND KAHOOLAWE. 459 Rainfall at Haiku {station No. 4S), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 700 feet.] January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 13.87 3.33 9.11 5.48 7.24 7.40 4.83 9.11 Inches. 8.84 11.84 4.41 5.16 4.92 7.45 3.79 4.93 Average, 15 years. Inches. 6.32 6.34 9.68 6.32 4.59 4.12 5.33 6.06 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 2.32 4.85 7.61 16.08 91.23 .250 Inches. 10.24 2.41 6. 98 6.76 77.73 .213 Average, 15 years. Inches. 4.67 5.56 6.67 7.64 73.30 .198 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Spreckelsville (station No. 44), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 50 feet.] Month. January . Febniary March . . . April May June July August . . Inches. 6.77 1.19 1.35 .56 .23 .74 1911 Inches. 2.36 2.49 3.10 .■87 1.46 .37 .31 .34 Month. September October November December Annual Mean dailv Inches. 0.40 1.05 6.61 21.46 .058 Inches. 1.10 .28 .00 2.35 15.03 .041 Note. — Gage read daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. Rainfall at Puunene (station No. 45), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 73 feet.] January. . February . March April , May June July August 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 6.23 4.03 88 4.40 81 3.21 77 .66 45 3.25 68 .32 06 .24 38 .18 Average, 10 years. Inches. 3.15 4.01 3.33 1.55 .64 .27 .36 .70 Month. September . October November . December. . Annual Mean daily. Inches. 0.11 .74 1.03 9.44 21.58 .059 Inches. 1.68 .30 Average, 10 years. Inches. 0.68 .95 <"■ For 10 months. Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall atcamp No. 7, Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. (station No. 46), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 90 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 Inches. 3.89 .56 .15 .03 .03 .08 .00 .10 1911 Inches. 3.97 3.00 4.35 .51 .78 .00 .00 .00 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 0.00 .18 .62 5.64 11.28 . .031 1911 Inches. 0.40 .00 .00 .00 13.01 .036 Note.— Gage read daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. 460 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAH. Rainfall at Kihei {station No. 47), Maui, 1910. [Elevation, 55 feet.) Inches. January 5. 53 February 79 March 15 April 09 May 09 June September. October Inches. 0.24 .09 .00 Mean daily ^ . 029 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kula {Erehwon, station No. 48), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 4,200 feet.] Month. January. . . February . March April. .1.. May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.90 6.02 2.40 3.35 1.03 7.92 .10 3.72 2.08 5.28 2.04 .00 4.10 .31 2.22 2.25 Average 22 years. Inches. 4.75 6.04 4.85 1.73 2.79 1.88 1.69 3.50 Month. September. October November . December.. Annual Mean daily... Inches. 4.61 2.36 .50 3.84 30.30 .083 Inches. 3.21 2.08 .38 .50 35.02 .096 Average 22 years. Inches. 2.90 1.95 2.46 3.36 37.90 .104 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Waiopae ranch (station No. 49), Maui, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,740 feet.] Month. January.. February. March April May June July August . . . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 5.84 6.72 .00 7.27 .00 2.68 1.35 1.40 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 1.81 .00 Average 14 years. Inches. 2.81 5.10 4.12 1.62 .86 .18 .33 Month. September . I October November . December. . Annual Mean daily... Inches. 0.00 .00 .00 6.26 15.26 .042 Inches. 0.00 2.09 .00 20.16 .055 Average 14 years. Inches. 0.45 1.12 2.43 3.05 22.93 .063 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Camp (station No. 50), Kahoolawe, 1904-5, and 1911. [Elevation, 80 feet.] Month. 1904 1905 1911 Month. 1904 1905 1911 Inches. Inches. 0.43 .77 .54 2.31 .53 1.00 1.54 2.34 Inches. Inches. Inches. 0.40 Inches. o 0. 44 October 6 2.32 2.40 1.47 c 32 March November td) December W Annual July Mean daily... «.073 /.036 9.058 August . . . . a Sept. 25-30. b Oct. 8-31. c Oct. 1-7. d No observations made, but rainfall reported as zero. Note.— Records furnished by Eben P. Low. e For 85 days. / For 9 months. g For 13 days. 1 For eight months. EAINFALL RECORDS ON MAUI AND KAHOOLAWE. 461 Rainfall at Reservoir (station No. 51), Kahoolawe, 1911. [Elevation, 500 feet.] Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Inches. Inches per day. Sept. 30 o Oct. 7 Sept. 30 to Oct. 7 0.69 .36 0.115 .071 .081 a Gage installed Sept. 25. Note. — No observations made from Oct. 7 to Dec. 31, but the rainfall was reported as zero. Rainfall at Moaula {station No. 52), Kahoolawe, 1911. [Elevation, 1,100 feet.] Date of ob.'ervation. Period (days). R ecorded rainfall. Inches. Inches per day. Sept. 30ffl Oct. 7 Sept. 30 to Oct. 7 1.13 .37 0.188 .053 a Oa?e installed Sept. 25. Note. — No observations made from Oct. 7 to Dec. 31, but the rainfall was reported as 7.ero. Rainfall at Kealia {station No. 53), Kahoolawe, 1911. [Elevation, 600 feet.] Gage installed October 20, 1911. No observations made from the time gage was installed to December 31, but the rainfall was reported as zero. Alphabetic list of rainfall stations on islands of Maui and Kahoolawe. Name. No. Elevar tion. Feet. 46 90 43 700 40 2,000 27 145 18 1,500 19 1,200 25 806 1 23 760 24 25 32 1,800 4 1,720 6 830 5 1,500 20 12 16 2,000 50 80 53 600 52 1,100 51 500 10 8 36 700 30 1,000 47 55 29 1,220 48 4,200 31 300 Name. No Eleva- tion. Camp No. 7 (Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co.) Haiku Haleal^ala ranch Hana Honokawai Gulch Honokawai power house Honokahau ditch intake Honokahua Gulch Honolua Honomanu lao Valley, cave lao Valley, gaging station lao VaUey, tableland Kaanapali Kahoma reservoir Kahoolawe, Camp Kahoolawe, Kealia Kahoolawe, Moaula Kahoolawe, Reservoir Kahului KaUua ; Keanae Kihei Kopiliula Kula (Erehwon) Knpau camp Lupi Mahana Makawao Mokupea Nahiku Olinda Olo walu Olowalu mauka Punaluu Puu Kukui Puu Kukui slope Puunene Puuomalei Spreckeisville Ukulele Waiehu Waihee Waihee tunnels Waihoi Waikamoi Waikamoi mauka Walkapu Waikapu tunnel Waiopae ranch Wailuku mill '. Wailuku mission Wailuku (Penh alio w's residence) Feet. 1,160 1,800 1,700 1,000 700 4,000 10 700 710 5,000 2,500 73 1,430 50 5,300 375 100 1,550 2,200 1,250 4,250 600 1,535 1,740 180 250 390 462 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAW AH. RAINFALL BECOB.DS ON ISLAND OF HAWAII. During 1911 investigations were made regarding the amount of precipitation on the windward side of Hawaii in the region supplying the Hilo group of streams, and a series of special rain gages were established from sea level up to elevation of 5,000 feet. While the period included between the date of establishing the stations and the end of December, 1911, was too short to admit of definite conclusions in regard to amount, it was shown that the heaviest rainfall in this region occurs between elevations of 2,000 and 2,500 feet. Additional records obtained in 1912 verify this conclusion and point to 2,200 feet as being the elevation of maximum precipitation.^ Records were obtained at stations of high elevation on the northern slope of Mauna Kea and at a number of places around the island near the sea. In all 74 stations were maintained, 38 of which were above 1,000 feet, 13 above 3,000 feet, and 6 above 5,000 feet in elevation. The location of the stations is shown on Plate XV (at end of volume) . In the accompanying tables acknowledgment is made to the United States Weather Bureau for the use of data, and to cooperating parties and observers. Rainfall stations on island of Hawaii. I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. Humuula PuuOo Piihonua mauka Piihonua Ponahawai Hilo Waiakea mill Hilo Breakwater Mauna Kea, east slope do do do do do do do do do Papaikou Pepeekeo , Hakalau mauka. Hakalau Honohiua Elevation (feet). 6,685 6,450 1,900 1,000 500 100 50 15 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, 000 500 250 100 1,200 200 300 24. Waikaumalo 25. Keanakolu 26. Papaaloa , 27. Laupahoehoe 28. Ookala 29. Puu Kilie , 30. Hapea mauka 31. Hapea, lower , 32. Umikoa ranch , 33 . Coffee plantation 34. Kukaiau office Kukaiau mill Paauilo mauka Paauilo Kalopa Paauhau Honokaa mauka 41. Honokaa 42. Kukuihaele (Hawaiian Irrigation Co. weir) Kukuihaele Kawainui mauka Kawainui, lower 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 43. 44. 45. Elevation (feet). 275 5, 500 260 100 400 7,850 5,000 3,400 1,600 800 250 300 30 900 1,150 1,100 470 930 700 4,080 1,040 I These are elevations as obtained by aneroid. Accurate determinations made later by topographers of the United States Geological Survey show the correct elevations of the special rain gages to be from 200 to 250 feet greater than were indicated by aneroid. The correct elevation of rainfall station No. 14 at the Geological Survey camp is 2,750 feet. EAINFALL RECORDS ON HAWAII, 463 Rainfall stations on island of Hawaii — Continued. Elevation (feet). 46. Alakahi 1, 030 47. Koiawe 1,000 48. Waimea 2,720 49. Awini 2,100 50. Honokane 1,042 51. Niulii 200 52. Kohala (Maulili) 960 53. Kohala mission 520 54. Kohala mill.. 270 55. Hawi mill 600 56. Paukea ranch 600 57. Puuwaawaa 2,740 58. Huehue 2,000 59. Holualoa 1, 350 60. Kealakekua 1,580 Elevation (feet). 61. Napoopoo 25 62. Hoopuloa 2,425 63. Kail 1,850 64. Naalehui 650 65. Hilea. 310 66. Pahala 850 67. Kapapala ranch 2, 150 68. Volcano House 3,970 69. Mountain View 1, 530 70. Kurtistown 640 71. Olaamill 210 72. Pahoa 700 73. Kaueleau 1,000 74. Kapoho 110 Rainfall at Humuula {station No. 1), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 6,685 feet.] Month. Januarj'.. February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 1.53 6.27 .67 9.35 1.56 3.67 .77 3.11 1.25 2.55 .93 .79 1.32 .94 3.41 3.67 September . October . . . November. December. . Annual Mean daily. 1911 Inches. Inches. 0.62 1.16 1.29 .30 1.43 2.58 .89 2.76 15. 67 37.15 .043 .102 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Puu Oo (station No. 2), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 6,450 feet.] Month. January . . February. March April May.. I. ... June July August... Inches. 3.01 4.07 4.11 6.73 16.81 Inches. 9.33 29.61 7.69 9.85 8.94 4.77 2. .34 12.50 Month. 1910 September . October November. December.. Annual Mean daily . Inches. Inches. 3.08 8.61 5.66 2.87 5.02 8.70 3.99 9.39 a For 9 months. Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 1 Evaporation station. 464 WATER RESOUECES OF HAW AH. Rainfall at Piihonvxi mauka (station No. 3), Wailuku River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 1,900 feet.] Date of observation. 1911. Sept. 16a Oct. 16 , 31 , Nov. 15 Recorded rain- fall. Period (days). j Inches. Inches I per day. 15 15.8 1.05 30 23.5 .78 15 17.0 1.13 15 9.4 .63 Date of observation. Nov. 30. Dec. 31.. Sept. 1 to Dec. 31 Period (days). 121 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 19.2 27.8 Inches, per day. a Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter; installed Sept. 1, 1911. Rainfall at Piihonua (station No. 4), Wailuku River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1906-1911. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Aver- age 6 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. 4.08 2.81 1.52 13.32 14.15 7.24 12.90 25.32 6.94 5.15 20.83 15.57 Inches. 8.16 14.25 18.31 8.19 8.70 11.38 14.37 49.91 27.22 19.12 13.90 6.20 Inches. 11.53 24.70 7.04 20.87 14.28 8.86 10.10 13.64 23.48 15.72 7.77 25.32 Inches. 7.30 11.73 37.01 5.79 16.64 7.35 18.51 5.96 11.29 8.81 4.80 21.26 Inches. 22.99 4.84 21.97 16.79 17.76 21.96 14.95 21.95 4.94 10.46 15.46 19.41 Inches. 16.05 32.96 14.85 25.25 20.70 17.41 9.62 15.54 22.18 11.37 16.64 19.07 Inches. 11.68 15.22 16.78 15.04 15. 37 12.37 13.41 22.05 16.01 11.77 13.23 17.80 Inches. 22.99 32.96 37.01 25.25 20.70 21.96 18.51 49.91 27.22 19.12 20.83 25.32 Inches. 4.08 2.81 1.52 5.79 8.70 7.24 July 9.62 5.96 4.94 October 5.15 4.80 6.20 Annual 129. 83 .36 199. 71 .55 183.31 .50 156. 45 .43 193.48 .53 221. 64 .61 180. 73 .495 221.64 .61 129. S3 Mean daily .36 Note. — Readings made daily. Records furnished by James Henderson. Rainfall at Ponahawai (station No. 5), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 500 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 20.93 3.83 23.33 16.15 16.80 19.16 12.69 22.18 Inches. 14.79 26.84 11.98 21.57 18.76 16.27 7.85 13.50 Month. September , October , November. ,. December , Annual Mean daily Inches. 7.22 8.66 14.41 19.58 184.94 .507 Inches. 18.71 10.11 17.20 19.11 196. 69 .539 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAINFALL RECORDS ON HAWAII. 465 Rainfall at Hilo {station No. 6), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Klevation, 100 feet.] Month. January... February. March April May June July August 1910 Inches. 15.89 2.87 17. 73 10.40 13.02 12.21 10. 4-t 18.18 Inches. 15.79 18.73 13.86 18.20 15.56 11.29 6.03 10.19 Average, 25 years. Inches. 9.39 11.77 16.02 13.67 9.60 7.10 10.46 12.56 Month. September . October November . December. . Annual Mean daily... 1910 Inches. 3.96 2.64 132.64 .364 1911 Inches. 22.97 7.34 13.42 15.01 168.39 .461 25 years. Inches. 10.66 10.97 13.09 11.24 136. 53 .374 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Waiakea mill {station No. 7), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 50 feet.] Month. January... February. March April , May June , July August 1910 Inches. 16.10 2.48 13.17 9.35 12.20 11.55 10.43 16.11 1911 Inches. 15.76 15.61 12.13 15.23 15.04 10.46 5.13 8.11 21 years. Inches. 9.68 9.57 15.60 12.34 9.30 6.46 9.29 12. 56 Month. September. October November. December. . Aiuiual Mean daily... 1910 Inches. 5.25 7.96 10.87 14.12 129.59 .355 1911 Inches. 14.47 7.43 12.88 14.38 146 63 .402 Average, 21 years. Inches. 10.62 11.27 12.22 10.39 129. 30 .354 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Hilo breakwater {station No. 8), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 15 feet.] Date of observation. Aug. 15 a. 23. Sept. 1. 19. 28. Oct. 10. 13. 20. Nov. 20. 1911. Period (days). 26 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. Inches per day. 0.07 .39 .24 .22 1.04 .70 .07 .14 .26 Date of observation. Dec. 11. 20. Jan. July 20, 1911, to Jan. 2, 1912 6 Period (days). 13 166 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 8.4 7.6 3.4 Inches per day. .34 a Special gage, 50-uich capacity; receiver, 5.94 inches diameter; container, 8.40 inches diameter. Installed July 20, 1911. 6 "United States Engineer Department gage, at same location, but read daily for same period, gave 58.76 inches, or 0.35 inch per day. Total for calendar year recorded by Engineer Department gage was 147.12 inches. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. ,9), Hawaii. [Elevation, 5,000 feet.) Special gage, capacity 125 inches; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 18.28 inches diameter, was installed December 31, 1911. Records obtained early in 1912 indicate that the precipitation at this station is less than that at station No. 10. 74323°— wsp 318—13 30 466 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 10), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 4,500 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Nov 3 to Dec. 31 ■- 58 41.0 71 Note. — Special gage, capacity 125 inches; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 13.28 inches diame- ter, installed Nov. 3, 1911. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 11), Eaioaii, 1911. [Elevation, 4,000 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. 58 39.0 67 Note. — Special gage, capacity 125 inches; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 13.28 inches diameter, installed Nov. 3, 1911. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 12), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 3,500 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Nov. 4 to Dec. 31 57 42.5 0.75 Note.— Special gage, capacity 125 inches; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 13.28 inches diameter, installed Nov. 4, 1911. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 13), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 3,000 feet.) Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rainfall. Inches. Inches per day. Aug. 30 a. Nov. 2 6.. Dec. 31... 32.5 47.5 57.5 .74 .98 July 7 to Dec. 31. 177 a Special gage, capacity 125 inches: receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 13.28 inches diameter, in- stalled July 7, 1911, at 2,S00 feet elevation. b Gage moved to 3,000 feet elevation. BAINFALL RECORDS ON HAW AH. 467 Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea (station No. 14), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 2,500 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded raln- faU. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day.. Inches. Inches per day. 1911. 1 25 34 8 24 32 30 0.8 17.4 19.0 12.4 30.8 20.0 33.4 0.80 .70 .56 1.55 1.28 .62 1.11 1912. Jan. 1 31 35.6 1.15 July 2fi June 30, 1911, to Jan. 1, 1912 Aug. 29 & 185 169.4 Sept. Ij Sept. 30 .92 Nov. 1 Dec. 1 1 a Special gage, 50-mch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter, installed June 30, 1911, at 2,350 feet elevation. 6 Gage moved to 2,500 feet elevation. Note. — A standard United States Weather Bureau tjj)e of gage was established Sept. 6 by the side Of the special gage, the receivers of the two gages being at the same level. This gage was read daily so far as possible. (See p. 349 for daily readings.) The totals for the periods included between readings of the special gage were as follows: For 24 days ending Sept. 30, 30.40 inches; for 32 days ending Nov. 1, 19.61 inches; for 30 days ending Dec. 1,32.89 inches; for 31 days ending Jan. 1, 1912, 31.20 inches. Same error evi- dently occurred in reading the daily gage during December, due to inexperience of observers. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 15), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 2,000 feet.] Date of observation. 1911. Jime29 Julyl July 26 Aug. 29 Sept. 30 Nov.l Dec. 1 Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 32.4 1.8 18.4 19.6 47.0 23.0 28.4 Inches per day. 0.90 .90 .74 .58 1.47 .72 .95 Date of observation. Jan. 1. 1912. May 24, 1911, to Jan. 1 1912 Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 31.0 201.6 Inches per .91 Note. — Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter, installed May 24, 1911. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 16), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 1,500 feet.] Date of observation. 1911. Jime23 July 2(i Aug. 28 , Sept. 30 Nov. 1 , Dec 1 Recorded rain- fall. Period (days). Inches Inches. per day. 31 26.8 0.86 33 21.2 .64 33 16.4 .50 33 39.0 1.18 32 19.7 .62 30 24.0 .80 Date of observation. Jan. 1. 1912. May 23 1911, Jan. 1. 1912.. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 19.6 Inches per day. .75 Note. — Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter, tostaUed May 23, 1911. 468 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAH. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea (station No. 17), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Date of observation. July 26. . Aug. 31. Sept. 30. Nov. 1.. Dec. 1... Period (days). Recorded rain- faU. Inches. 17.4 16.2 24.2 13.3 17.8 Inches per day. 0.47 .45 .81 .42 .59 Date of observation. Jan. 1. 1912. June 19, 1911, to Jan. 1 1912 Period (days). 31 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 15.6 104.5 Inches per day. .50 .53 Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter, installed June 19, 1911. Rainfall on east slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 18), Hawaii, 1911. [Elevation, 500 feet.] Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inches per day. 1911. Aug. 31 41 30 32 30 11.8 18.8 9.9 14.0 0.29 .63 .31 .47 1912. Jan. 1 . . 31 14.6 0.47 Sept 30 July 21, 1911, to Jan. 1,1912 Nov. 1 164 69.1 Dec. 1 .42 Note.— Special gage, 50-inch capacity; receiver 5.94 inches diameter, container 8.40 inches diameter, instaUed July 21, 1911. Rainfall at Papaikou (station No. 19), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 250 feet.] Month. January . . February . March April May June July August . . , 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 26.87 22.09 4.62 18.18 21.44 13.30 14.15 20.83 17.56 19.33 14.74 14.99 14.47 13.64 18.85 11.04 Average 13 years. Inches. 11.49 11.19 20.25 15.87 13.86 9.16 13.98 17.51 Month. September . October November . December. . Annual Mean daUy.. 1910 Inches. 7.47 9.79 15.51 18.03 183. 50 .503 1911 Inches. 21.41 10.55 19.57 18.05 202. 98 .553 Average 13 years. Inches. 15.29 13.90 18.70 14.29 175. 49 .481 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL KECOEDS ON HAW AH. 469 Rainfall at Pejpeeheo {station No. 20), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 100 feet.] Month. January.. February March . . . April May June July August . . Indies. 19.78 4.87 13.91 6.55 9.29 11.10 7.67 13.59 Inches. 15.34 12.52 11.81 12.06 16.35 10.71 8.35 7.33 Average 22 vears. Inches. 10.93 9.33 16.50 10.29 8.59 6.34 9.80 12.09 September October November December Annual Mean dally. Inches. 4.45 7.83 10.46 17.01 126.51 .344 Inches. 14.90 8.63 12.13 9.60 139. 73 .383 Average 22 years. Inches. 10.82 10.34 11.79 11.50 128. 32 .352 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Halalau mauka {station No. 21), Hakalau Stream drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,200 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August.. Inches. 33.27 9.11 30.29 26.03 26.60 29.87 23.55 32.13 Inches. 35.56 51.30 19.83 33.74 29.15 32.74 21.02 32.85 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 9.82 16.71 23.63 38.02 299. 03 .820 Inches. 35.12 15.05 29.44 23.88 359. 68 .985 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Hakalau {station No. 22), Hakalau Stream drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 200 feet.] Month. January. . February March . . . April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 17.53 18.94 5.57 23.13 16.36 11.09 9.79 16.84 9.35 15.24 12.72 15.12 10.99 10.50 14.83 12.84 Average 20 years. Inches. 10.54 10.14 16.78 12.20 9.46 6.66 9.71 13.04 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 7.68 5.34 9.41 19.75 139. 32 .382 Inches. 19.93 14.16 14.20 12.40 184.39 .505 Average 20 years. Inches. 11.87 10.09 13.66 10.77 134. 92 .370 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Honohina {station No. 23), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 300 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 16.35 19.43 5.78 21.99 19.32 11.07 7.63 15.75 12.49 18.34 13.30 14.09 10.68 10.55 16.15 11.23 Average, 18 years. Inches, 11.58 9.99 20.37 13.45 10.88 7.04 9.79 13.84 Month. September October , November December Aimual Mean daily Inches. 6.51 7.31 12.49 23.48 151. 49 .415 Inches. 19.18 9.54 11.56 9.83 172. 56 .473 Average, 18 years. Inches. 12.57 11.08 15.38 11.32 147. 29 .404 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 470 WATER KESOTJRCES OP HA WAIL Rainfall at Waikaumalo {station No. 24), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 275 feet.) Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 Inches. 16. G8 7.05 18.33 10.96 15.01 14.62 11.67 17.87 1911 Inches. 22.61 26.48 10.56 21.65 20.00 15.38 12.56 12.18 Month. September , October November December Aimual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 4.78 8.69 13.11 28.22 166.99 . .458 Note.— Compiled from U. S Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Keanakolu {station No. 25), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 5,500 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August. . . Inches. 14.19 2.10 7.74 8.55 5.68 3.88 2.18 3.98 Inches. 13.41 51.86 4.38 13.67 7.91 3.60 2.89 6.39 Month. September , October , November December , Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 1.75 6.22 6.10 10.42 72.79 .195 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Papaaloa {station No. 26), Hawaii, 1910-11, [Elevation, 260 feet.) Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 Inches. 15.51 6.50 12.19 9.18 10.40 12.71 9.08 14.81 Inches. 16.94 18.53 7.37 16.06 11.47 11.51 10.69 9.63 September Inches. 7.11 6.78 11.15 25.-48 Inches. 17.61 February October 4.86 November 13.93 April December 10.77 Annnal , 140.90 .386 149. 37 July Mftfl.Ti daily .409 August Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Laupahoehoe {station No. 27), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 100 feet.] Month. January.. February March April Miiy June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 16.75 15.60 6.01 21.99 15.15 6.74 8.03 20.85 10.88 14.83 15.19 19.70 9.84 9.64 7.34 9.47 Average, 21 years. Inches. 11.00 10.46 21.66 17.32 9.46 7.16 12.21 13.04 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 4.31 9.84 9.92 22.54 135.80 .372 1911 Inches. 18.54 5.11 11.40 13.92 167. 79 .460 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL RECOEDS ON HAWAII. 471 Rainfall at Ookala (station No. 28), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 400 feet.] Month. Average, 21 years. Month. Average , 21 years. January. . February March . . . April May June July August... Inches. 16.82 (1.70 10.80 7. (j(j 11.47 10.90 8. .55 12.95 Inches. 13.24 23.50 9.36 16.88 11.07 11.20 8.26 7.99 Inches. 9. 75 8.41 17.22 11.72 7.00 4.86 8.01 9.53 September October November December Annual Mean daily.. Inches. 2.07 9.32 12.48 25.30 Inches. 14.18 3.90 10.53 8.01 135. 02 .370 138. 12 .378 Inches. 6.20 8.30 11.20 11.83 114.09 .313 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Puu Kihe (station No. 29), on northern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1903-11. [Elevation, 7,850 feet.) Date of observation. Mar. 1 . . June 10 . July 31. . Aue. 6.. Oct. 24.. Nov. 19. 1903. Mar. 1 to Nov. 19, 1903 Jan. 1 Feb. 23... Apr. 27... Aug. 22... 23... 27... 1904. Jan. 1 to Aug. 27, 1904 Apr. 11.. Aue. 21. Sept. 11. Nov. 18. 1905. Aug. 27, 1904, to Nov. 18, 1905 Feb. 16. June 28 . Aue. 16. Nov. 16. Dec. 15.. 24.. Nov. 18, 1905, to Dec. 24, 1906 Feb. 9... Apr. 24. Aug. 24. 1907. Dec. 24, 1900, to Aug. 24, 1907 Period (days). 101 51 53 64 117 1 4 227 132 21 68 90 132 49 92 29 47 74 122 243 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 7.10 2.00 4.60 2.60 3.50 19.80 26.70 13.10 1.10 .10 .10 41.10 .60 8.10 5.65 8.35 3.75 9.24 10.82 3.75 6.00 4.22 37.78 2.12 5.80 24.00 Inches J)er ay. 0.07 .04 .77 .03 .13 ,172 .003 .06 .27 .12 .051 .094 .131 Date of observation. Feb. 6.. 19. Apr. 18.. May June .July Aug Sept. 22. Oct. 31.. Nov. 29, Dec. 2... Aue. 24, 1907, to Dec. 2, 1908 Feb. 20. Mar. 26. Apr. 16. Aue. 6.. Sep"t.8. 1909. Dee. 2, 1908, to Sept. 8, 1909 Jan. 21.. Feb. 28.. Apr. 4 . . 19. Oct. 12. . Nov. 26. Dec. 31.. Period (days). Sept. 8, 1909, to Dec. 31, 1910 Jan. 2... 20.. Feb. 17. May 31.. Aug. 31. Oct. 23.. Nov. 22. 1911. Dec. 31, 1910, to Nov. 22, 1911 166 13 59 39 466 80 34 21 112 33 135 38 35 15 176 45 35 2 18 28 103 92 53 30 Recorded rain- faU. Inches. 3.85 3.01 3.35 None. None. None. None. None. 11.10 1.20 1.51 10.85 34.87 7.05 8.00 3.50 2.32 1.40 1.97 1.08 4.45 .56 8.60 2.51 3.27 5.38 4.00 24.95 17.45 6.75 3.58 2.19 64.30 Inches per day. 0.02 .23 .06 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .28 .09 .24 .17 .02 .04 .01 .03 .13 .04 .05 .06 .09 2.69 .22 .89 .17 .07 .07 .07 .197 Note.— Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. 472 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Hapea mauka, on northern slope of Mauna Kea {station No. SO), Hawaii, 1902-1911. [Elevation, 5,000 feet.] Date of observation. Mar. 31. Apr. 10. 28. May 14. 24. June 17. July ~.' Aug. 15. Sept. 16. 27. Oct. 16. Nov. 15. 22. Dec. 25." 1902. Mar. 1 to Dec. 25, 1902 Mar. 14. 19. 31. Apr. 24. May 2. July 15. Aug. 7. Oct. 9. Mar. 14 to Oct. 9, 1903 Jan. 1. Feb. 15. Mar. 28. Apr. 13. Aug. 29. Sept. 23. Oct. 31. Jan. 1 to Oct. 31, 1904 Jan. 30. Mar. 21. May 26. June 21. July 12. 14. 21. 22. 4. 31. 9. 30. Nov. 11. Dec. 16. Aug. Sept. Jan. 30 to Dec. 16, 1905. Period (days). 300 45 41 16 138 25 38 303 Recorded rain- fall. Inches. 27.01 1.66 3.30 9.00 .60 1.15 1.60 .60 .60 .70 .22 .34 2.90 3.60 1.50 7.70 30.00 .30 .50 .60 1.42 1.60 42.12 16.00 4.20 7.50 6.40 2.25 37.25 .76 2.84 .83 1.00 .25 .48 2.00 .34 .04 1.65 1.94 2.75 .48 1.25 16.61 Inches per day. 0.90 .17 .18 .56 .06 .05 .02 .02 .02 .10 .51 .04 .183 2.50 .01 .06 .01 .06 .03 .06 .01 .04 .01 .24 .29 .34 .003 .06 .22 .13 .01 .04 Date of observation. Jan. 20.. 20. 12.. 23. 9.. 30.. 25.. 6.. 25.. Dec 2£ 12.. 20.. 6.. 31.. 21.. 22.. 29.. 14.. 7.. Dee 7, 1906. Apr. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Dec. Jan. .16,1905,toDec. , 1906 1907. Mar. May June July Aug. Oct. .25, 1906, to Nov. 1907 Mar. 18 Apr. — May — •Tuiie — July - Aug. — Sept. 14 Oct. - Nov. 29 Dec. 25 and 26. Mar. 18 to Dec. 26, 1908 Jan. 1909. 13. 18. Feb. 18. Apr. 16. Julv 27. Sept. S. Nov. 14. 15. Dec. 27. Dec'.26,1908,toDec. 27,1909 Jan. 6. Feb. 3. 13. Mar. 22. Apr. 4. 18. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. 35 59 23 102 17 21 26 11 317 18 5 31 57 102 43 67 1 42 Inches. 1.20 .31 1.70 .40 4.90 .10 .60 1.36 6.44 4.88 5.02 3.00 .90 1.90 2.80 2.47 5.90 .74 27.61 4.90 None. None. None. None. None. 0.83 None. 1.51 7.50 14.74 2.57 .08 2.25 3.10 .58 .20 1.22 .25 8.75 19.00 .25 .84 .95 .67 2.49 .28 BAINFALL RECOEDS OIT HAWAII. 473 Rainfall at Hapea mauka, on northern slope of Mauna Kea {station No. 30), Hawaii, 1902-1911— Continued. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Period (days). Recorded rain- fall. Date of observation. Inches. Inches per day. Inches. Inches per day. 1910. May 10 .... 22 20 8> 28 48 7 26 23 40 9 10 10 0.23 .38 .17 1.17 .91 .60 .54 1.65 0.01 .02 .02 .04 .02 .09 .02 .07 1911. Jan. 3 9 25 14 35 9 4 26 13 24 84 12 76 32 3.56 4.90 20.05 2.50 1.63 1.80 3.75 .88 3.79 2.23 1.65 2.18 2.20 0.40 30 28 .20 Feb. 11 1.43 July 5 Mar. 18 .07 Aug. 22 27 .18 29 31 .45 Sept. 24 Anr. 26 .14 Oct. 17 Mav 9 .07 Nov. 26 June 2 .16 Dec. 5 4.70 1.26 .40 .52 .13 .04 Aug. 25 .03 15 . Sept. 6 .14 25 Nov. 21 .03 Dee 23 07 Dec.27,1909,toDec. 25,1910. 363 17.49 .048 Dec.25,1910,toDec. 363 51.12 141 Note.— Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Ck). (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. Rainfall at lower Hapea {station No. SI), on northern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1909-1911. Month. January... February . March April May June July August.... 1909 Inches. 4.90 .40 .31 1910 Inches. 9.00 4.98 .85 8.05 .98 1.08 .32 1.75 Inches. 11.80 20.00 9.36 5.86 4.90 3.62 .00 3.35 Month. September . October November. December. . Annual Mean daily. . , Inches. 0.08 .97 1.00 13.35 Inches. 0.25 3.18 .75 18.51 49.70 .136 Inches. 3.72 1.55 3.90 5.07 73.13 .200 a For 9 months. Note.— Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. Rainfall at Umikoa ranch {station No. 32), on northern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1894-1911. [Elevation, 3,400 feet.] January . . . February. . Marcli April May June July August September. October . . . November. December. . Annual Mean daily . 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Inches. 1.64 .00 .15 1.40 .74 .46 1.14 19.87 25.25 a .18 Inches. 2.44 5.09 29.02 16.70 .08 .33 2.66 10.45 2.27 3.00 7.90 .33 80.27 .22 Inches. 4.81 13.16 18.05 6.61 2.1'6 .57 2.07 8.99 .13 1.48 1.78 5.35 65.16 .18 Inches. 3.18 .97 .55 1.38 .13 .00 .23 .86 .50 .67 5.72 5.11 19.30 .05 Inches. 18.39 3.49 21.96 3.43 1.80 2.68 .68 .64 .61 .77 1.21 5.24 60.80 .17 Inches. 0.78 .22 9.77 14.00 5.72 .53 L20 .45 .00 15.45 1.54 .00 49.66 .14 Inches. 4.25 9.97 .99 6.97 3.44 1.92 1.58 1.30 .00 5.96 10.25 5.74 52.37 .14 Inches. 7.10 8.38 17.10 2.90 .00 .00 .00 .07 .00 2.87 1L14 10.86 60.42 .17 Inches. 2.77 2.55 78.30 22.77 7.08 4.88 .06 9.88 2.52 5.68 10.86 35.24 182. 59 .50 Inches. 15.23 7.47 11.00 5.03 .10 LOS 7.22 .72 L50 5.05 1L59 .00 65.94 .18 Inches. 26.50 5.98 5.78 2L24 .79 .00 L44 1.30 6.42 .86 3.85 4.37 78.53 .21 474 WATEE RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Raii'fall at Umikoa ranch {station No. 32), on northern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1894-1911— Gonthiued. Month. 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911' Aver- age, 17 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. January Inches. 2.96 .35 7.91 y.36 2.94 1.68 4.55 3.91 18.94 1.94 6.06 3.44 Inches. 1.29 .45 3.17 3.08 4.99 .35 4.28 2.61 1.13 4.44 2.32 24.37 Inches. 1.10 12.12 7.06 14.29 2.12 .67 5.75 25.29 4.55 5.34 1.33 .00 Inches. 5.31 7.13 3.07 2.45 1.79 .00 .33 3.32 7.66 2.42 14.34 25.11 Inches. 2.47 6.39 18.63 12.19 1.50 .95 2.27 .62 1.61 3.55 1.36 15.24 Inches. 16.22 5.83 4.97 11.40 6.64 3.27 1.50 3.05 2.22 4.24 9.50 14.28 Inches. 12.49 43.44 3.30 11.74 9.49 3.24 2.53 3.69 3.77 3.39 4.72 5.71 Inches. 7.49 7.82 14.15 9.29 2.82 1.24 2.21 4.33 3.01 3.79 6.96 10.31 Inches. 26.50 43.44 78.30 22.77 9.49 4.88 7.22 25^29 18.94 15.45 19.87 35.24 Inches. 0.78 February .22 .55 .•Vpril 1.38 .00 .In lift .00 July .00 August .07 .00 October .67 November 1.21 .00 Annual 63.44 .17 52.48 .14 79.62 .22 73.02 .20 66.78 .18 83.13 .23 107. 51 .29 73.42 .201 182.59 .50 19.30 Mean daily .05 a For 9 months. Note. — Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. Rainfall at Coffee plantation on northern slope of Mauna Kea {station No. S3), Hawaii, 1895-1905. [Elevation, 1,600 feet.) Month. 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 January Inches. 6.31 10.32 28.21 39.48 5.86 1.25 9.65 7.77 6.92 3.67 11.54 .57 Inches. 12.84 14.46 20.43 12.84 10.56 6.26 3.93 9.37 1.20 6.12 1.20 19.90 Inches. 7.35 5.13 3.83 4.31 1.16 .35 2.08 5.70 .67 1.57 9.08 9.28 Inches. 34.28 4.95 33.52 8.87 5.68 1.90 5.21 5.30 1.57 4.40 4.90 9.40 Inches. 0.00 .30 19.05 17.78 5.94 2.00 4.73 4.73 1.18 22.92 8.87 .00 Inches. 4.67 7.61 3.72 12.78 11.88 2.88 3.98 3.95 .43 8.20 21.13 5.84 Inches. 12.07 February 9.91 March 28.63 April 2.56 Mav .00 Jvme .00 July .75 August ,60 September .60 October 5.11 November 17.13 December 6.34 Anniinl 131.55 .36 119. 11 .33 50.51 .14 119.98 .33 87.50 .24 87.07 .24 83.70 Mean daily .23 Month. 1902 1903 1904 1905 Average, 11 years. a Maxi- mum, o Mini- mum, d January Inches. 3.20 4.54 87.91 16.03 36.38 12.85 2.05 31.72 8.06 9.96 19.56 34.89 Inches. 28.32 17.38 12.04 13.03 2.36 .69 14.93 2.86 1.56 8.57 21.77 5.00 Inches. 20.09 7.42 3.64 49.65 3.11 8.38 11.90 2.16 3.81 1.68 9.24 3.88 Inches. 10.94 8.96 23.42 16.51 6.56 3.54 6.12 7.73 4.01 6.75 12.69 10.02 Inches. 12.73 8.27 124. 04 7.62 8.14 3.19 5.94 7.44 2.73 7.18 12.46 9.56 Inches. 34.28 17.38 33.52 49.65 36.38 12.85 14.93 31.72 8.06 22.92 21.77 34.89 Inches. 0.00 February .30 March 3.64 April 2.56 May .00 June .00 July .75 August .60 September .43 October 1.57 November 4.90 December .00 Annual 267.15 .73 128.51 .35 119. 96 .33 117.25 .32 119.30 .327 267. 15 .73 50.51 Mean daily , , .14 a For 11-year period, 1895-1905. Note.— Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. EAINFALL RECORDS ON HAWAII. 475 Rainfall at Kukaiau Plantation Co. office {station No. 34), on northern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1895-1911. [Elevation, 800 feet.) Month. 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 January Inches. 5. 73 7.88 lU. 28 LO.UI 2.72 1.81 4.75 7.13 6.52 4.99 10.70 1.26 Inches. 10.42 16.25 12.15 12.21 6.89 7.17 4.33 7.11 1.91 4.91 1.01 5.32 Inches. 6.21 5.82 3.72 3.52 .84 3.48 6.65 .90 1.35 8.69 1.52 6.48 Inches. 28. 37 4.85 23.88 7.41 4.71 2.80 5.91 4.23 1.16 2.94 2.87 6.69 Inches. 0.33 1.64 21.23 8.45 3.54 2.63 4.63 7.53 3.05 16.87 7.90 .06 Inches. 5.12 9.96 5.48 7.11 12.07 3.04 2.43 3.99 1.54 7.06 15.61 4.20 Inches. 5.60 8.86 22.48 3.00 .00 .14 .67 .28 .26 4.32 14.68 14.75 Inches. 4.31 4.72 59.41 12.32 22.15 7.07 2.02 18.44 5.91 6.61 15.66 27.18 Inches. 19.53 12. 34 10.72 19.49 1.96 .65 12.60 3.80 2.21 7.86 17.07 3.67 Inches. 17.99 February 8.77 March April May June 3.39 43.83 5.52 1.88 July 14.66 August 3.85 September 4.10 October 1.31 November 9.60 December 3.31 Armnal 83.78 .23 89.78 .24 49.18 .13 95.82 .26 77.86 .21 77.61 .21 75.04 .21 185.80 .51 111.90 .30 118. 21 Mean daily .32 Month. 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Aver- age, 17 years. Max. Min. January Inches. 6.88 4.50 15.16 10.04 6.78 4.87 7.50 10.71 15.02 9.82 11.27 8.70 Inches. 0.91 2.95 3.26 10.57 7.01 1.49 9.21 11.19 2.43 1.38 6.33 18.15 Inches. 3.17 9.78 13.54 11.20 2.86 2.36 11.02 27.77 12.55 9.41 5.62 4.20 Inches. 5.82 6.97 2.60 9.75 3.80 2.01 5.80 6.51 6.86 5.49 11.41 15.10 Inches. 6.27 9.17 28.00 12.36 5.88 3.95 6.01 1.74 2.83 3.48 3.48 8.75 Inches. 16.58 5.60 10.17 10.94 11.28 11.92 5.27 8.61 2.17 5.80 9.43 18.77 Inches. 13.06 35.20 8.22 13.11 11.08 11.94 5.34 8.30 12.61 2.87 11.55 10.03 Inches. 9.19 9.13 14.92 12.67 6.42 4.07 6.40 7.77 4.85 6.11 9.16 9.21 Inches. 28.37 35.20 59.41 43.83 22.15 11.94 14.66 21. n 15.02 16.87 17.07 27.18 Inches. 0.33 1.64 March 2 60 3.00 May .00 .14 July .67 .28 September .26 October 1.31 November 1.01 December .06 Aimual 111.25 .30 74.88 .20 113. 48 .31 82.12 .22 91.92 .25 116.54 .32 143.31 .39 99.91 .274 185.80 .51 49.18 Mean daily .13 Note.— Readings made daUy. Records furnished by Kukaiau Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kukaiau, Hawaii. Rainfall at Kukaiau mill (station No. 35), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 250 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 14.34 5.16 6.89 4.91 9.34 7.33 4.45 7.76 Inches. 12.15 22.72 8.48 13.00 8.64 8.14 4.70 6.27 Average, 19 years. Inches. 7.42 7.97 13.78 10.94 5.10 3.37 5.71 7.12 Month. September October , November .... December , Annual . . . . Mean daily 1910 Inches. 1.50 4.80 9.67 17.98 94.13 .258 1911 Inches. 10.27 2.78 114.57 .314 Average, 19 years. Inches. 4.44 5.14 8.52 8.09 87.60 .240 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 476 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Paauilo {station No. 36), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 300 feet.) January . February Maruh . . . April May June July August.. 1910 Inches. 14.60 6.07 9.18 7.81 9.80 9.43 4.85 9.38 Inches. 10.08 23.04 8.65 11.22 8.80 8.83 4.46 6.25 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 1.90 5.91 10.86 7.14 96.93 .265 Inches. 9.64 2.65 8.72 7.46 109. 80 .301 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bm'eau records. Rainfall at Paauhau (station No. 37), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 300 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 10.24 10.58 5.91 18.53 •5.04 7.49 6.38 8.48 7.11 7.67 6.97 6.45 3.79 2.93 5.20 4.37 Average, 22 vears. Inches. 6.44 6.44 9.94 6.76 3.76 2.73 4.67 5.36 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 0.68 7.69 5.47 2.39 7.57 6.83 15.25 4.91 79.61 88.32 .218 .242 Average, 22 years. Inches. 2.98 3.86 6.10 6.93 65.97 .181 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bm-eau records. Rainfall at Kalopa {station No. 38), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 900 feet.] Month. January. February March April May June July August . . Inches. 15.93 7.57 10.53 7.95 10.21 6.66 4.71 6.50 Inches. 10.53 26.47 8.31 11.95 10.32 9.21 4.20 5.39 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 0.55 6.23 11.05 20.44 1911 108. 33 .300 Inches. 9.58 2.82 8.76 7.04 114. 56 .314 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Paauhau mauka {station No. 39), Hawaii, 1910. [Elevation, 1,150 feet.] Inches January 14. 97 February 6. 28 Marcli 8.85 April 10. 99 May 11.52 Inches June 10. 73 July 4. 03 August 7. 44 September 1.73 Mean daily (for 9 months) . . ,280 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL KECOKDS ON HAWAII. 477 Rainfall at Honokaa mauka {station No. 40), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,100 feet.] Month. January.. February- March April May June July August. . . 1910 1911 Inches. Indies. 12.50 13.58 10.70 30.90 6.25 8.54 8.70 9.35 8.70 9.35 7.85 11.49 4.10 4.37 5.93 6.14 Average, 10 years. Inches. 9.12 9.76 12.54 13.20 5.96 4.00 6.78 8.42 Month. September October , November , December , Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 1.30 5.87 11.40 21.85 105. 15 Inches. 11.56 3.02 125.45 .344 A verage, 10 years. Inches. 6.07 4.66 9.87 11.42 101. 80 .279 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Honokaa (station No. 41), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 470 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 10.30 9.44 6.88 20.11 5.73 6.77 6.23 7.94 7.85 7.74 6.12 7.29 4.34 2.77 5.66 4.74 Average, 22 years. Inches. 6.75 6.66 10.24 6.77 3.91 2.84 4.80 5.58 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 0.98 7.68 5.87 2.54 7.84 6.95 16.01 5.50 83.81 89.47 .230 .245 Average, 22 years. Inches. 3.41 3.91 6.47 7.63 68.97 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kukuihaele (station No. 42), Hawaiian Irrigation Co. weir, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 930 feet.] Month. January... Febniary . March April May June July August . . . 1910 Inches. Inches. 11.29 18.19 7.80 9.72 9.72 6.85 4.21 6.02 Month. September. October November. December . . Annual Mean daily Inches. 1.75 5.85 6.55 14.38 0.23 1911 Inches. 8.97 3.31 5.35 5.10 96.53 .26 a For 4 months. Note.— Readings made daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), Kukuihaele, Hawaii. Rainfall at Kukuihaele (station No. 43), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 700 feet.] Month. January. . February March AprU May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 8.55 12.13 9.58 20.18 5.13 6.75 6.69 10.06 7.02 9.10 7.96 7.09 0.89 4.35 5.25 6.21 Average, 21 years. Inches. 6.63 6.74 9.82 8.40 4.55 3.19 5.47 5.99 Month. September October November December Annual Mean dailv Inches. 1.96 6.01 7.31 15.14 87.49 .240 Inches. 9.53 3.24 5.63 5.78 100.05 .274 21 years. Inches. 4.05 4.32 6.47 7.44 73.07 .200 Note.— Compiled from U, S. Weather Bureau records. 478 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Rainfall at Kawainui mavJca {station No. 44), Waipio River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1907-1911. [Elevation, 4,080 feet.l Month. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Average, 4 years. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Inches. Inches. 13.70 12.03 3.35 26.57 32.58 31.60 40.74 24.61 19.20 11.66 19.10 18.75 Inches. 14.90 21.42 26.45 4.48 13.85 10.60 25.14 9.00 14.52 12.52 12.16 22.83 Inches. 40.94 29.38 30.75 24.25 34.38 46.49 34.71 27.54 7.71 21.01 23.51 25.16 Inches. 28.38 32.38 16.59 16.69 34.31 53.34 25.67 33.90 40.. 52 31.84 26.04 23.45 Inches. 24.48 23.80 19.28 18.00 28.78 35.51 32.82 30.89 24.45 19.52 18.74 20.56 Inches. 40.94 32.38 30.75 26.57 34.38 53.34 40.74 59.42 40.52 31.84 26.04 25.16 Inches. 13.70 12.03 March 3.35 4.48 May 13.85 June 10. (iO July 37.86 59.42 40. 29 20. .58 12.88 12.63 25.14 August 9.00 7.71 October 11.66 November 12.16 12. 63 Annual Mean daily 183.66 a 1.00 253.89 .69 187.87 .51 345.83 .94 363.11 .99 266.87 .73 363.11 .99 187.87 .51 o For 6 months. Note. — Readings made daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), Kukuihaele, Hawaii. Rainfall at lower Kawainui {station No. 45), Waipio River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,040 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 January Inches. Inches. 16.68 47.97 8.95 20.06 16.85 24.32 12.52 15.01 September Inches. 1.64 7.01 14.23 13.03 Inches. 15. 98 7.65 8.14 April December 10.82 Mav Annual June 204. 98 July 0.29 .56 o For 4 months. Note. — Readings made daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), Kukuihaele, Hawaii. Rainfall at Alakahi {station No. 46), Waipio River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,030 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 TRTinary Inches. Inches. 13.87 35.86 9.95 13.29 11.33 16.44 7.90 9.85 September Inches. 1.53 6.74 7.86 10.21 Inches. 10.42 Februarv October 5 33 March . ' April December 8.51 May Annual June 148. 44 July 0.21 .41 August o For 4 months. Note.— Readings made daily. Records furnished by Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), Kukuihaele, Hawaii. KAINFALL RECORDS ON HAWAII. 479 Rainfall at Koiawe {station No. 47), Waipio River drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11, [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Month. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 11.65 20.43 7.36 10.54 10,93 17.26 8.24 9.95 September Inches. 1.54 6.50 7.60 10.00 Inches. 9.66 October 4.'51 November 5.02 December 7.56 Annual 123.11 July Mean daily 0.21 .34 o For 4 months. Note.— Readings made daily. Records furnished by the Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), Kukuihaele, Hawaii. Rainfall at Waimea (station No. 48), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,720 feet.] Month. January. . February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 9.41 8.74 4.39 15. 15 3.03 5.03 4.01 4.45 2.34 4.20 4.27 5.23 2.90 2.37 1.95 2.97 Average, 21 years. Inches. 4.72 4.83 5.16 3.50 2.71 2.22 2.82 3.35 Month. September October , November December , Annual Mean daily Inches. 2.17 4.70 2.52 3.48 45.17 .124 1911, Inches. 3.35 1.40 1.89 2.44 57.22 .157 Average, 21 years. Inches. 2.12 2.67 3.17 5.13 42.40 .116 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Awini {station No. 49), Awini Stream drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,100 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April May June July August.. Inches. 17.16 18.60 16.09 15.24 15. 85 21.52 18.32 15.00 Inches. 21.86 35.72 12.74 17.48 16.45 24.73 12.17 15.18 Month. September October November December Annual Mean da ly 1910 Inches. 4.72 13.00 16.29 25.25 197. 04 .540 1911 Inches. 19.99 6.19 12.06 8.67 203.24 .557 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Honokane {station No. 50), Honokane Stream drainage basin, Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,042 feet.] January . February March . . . April May June July August . . 1910 Inches. 22.03 15.17 17.64 19.25 17.36 17.50 16.21 12.31 1911 Inches. 18.72 51.64 11.03 19.01 15. 85 21.79 10.02 14.92 Month. September October November December Anmial. . . Mean daily Inches. 2.39 10.73 15.19 16.82 182, 60 .500 Inches. 16, .54 4,10 13.01 12.07 208. 70 .572 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 480 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Niulii (station No. 51), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 200 feet.] Month. January., February March April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 7.91 8.00 2.65 8.72 7.82 7.44 5.85 7.89 4.35 3.79 5.41 8.56 8.95 3.83 5.26 4.91 Average, 26 years. Inches. 4.39 4.62 6.19 5.57 4.44 3.18 4.88 4.76 Month. September October November December Annual . . . Mean daily 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 1.91 8.23 4.38 3.17 4.87 6.55 11.89 2.22 71.25 73.31 .195 .201 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kohala (Maulili) (station No. 52), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 960 feet.] Month. January. February March. .. April May June July August.. Inches. 6.72 3.52 5.40 5.40 4.57 7.60 6.81 5.95 Inches. 8.28 9.71 5.49 8.77 4.62 7.95 4.07 5.12 Month. September October November December Aimual Mean daily Inches. 1.82 5.94 5.80 11.38 70.91 .194 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kohala mission (station No. 53), Haicaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 520 feet.] Month January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches, 6.27 7.92 2.44 8.18 6.49 6.42 4.95 7.90 4.56 2.93 5.48 6.94 6.53 3.14 5.13 3.59 Average, 22 years. Inches. 5.02 5.42 7.12 5.87 4.01 3.38 4.80 4.85 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 2.06 4.16 5.11 9.93 63.11 .173 1911 Inches. 4.62 2.72 4.72 1.83 60.91 .167 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kohala mill (station No. 54), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 270 feet.) Month. January.. February March April May June July August. . . 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 6.55 7.98 2.13 8.03 6.84 7.21 4.93 6.96 4.28 3.57 5.42 8.07 7.25 3.70 4.88 4.32 Average, 16 years. Inches. 3.82 5.02 6.70 5.62 4.14 3.23 4.87 4.58 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily.. Inches. 1.69 4.18 4.51 9.13 61. 79 .169 Inches. 6.68 2.59 5.57 2.27 66.95 .183 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. RAINFALL EECOEDS ON HAWAH. 481 Rainfall at Hawimill (station No. 55) Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 600 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average, 12 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average, 12 years. Inches. 7.33 2.62 6.74 4.88 3.79 6.00 6.54 5.00 Inches. 8.16 8.24 4.74 7.15 3.27 7.75 3.8S 4.34 Inches. 4.11 6.13 7.22 6.80 4.43 3.64 5.20 4.58 September Inches. 1.60 4.70 4.71 8.79 Inches. 4.93 3.14 5.46 2.76 Inches. 3.59 October 3.84 November 5.01 December 6.01 Annual Mean daily... 62.70 .172 63.82 .175 60.56 July .166 N©TE.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Puakea ranch {station No. 56) Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 600 feet.] January . February March... April May June July August.. Inches. 8.40 1.46 5.28 3.98 3.42 4.85 5. 23 3.74 1911 Inches. 5.59 6.74 5.86 4.52 2.02 5.81 2.44 2.99 Month. September. October. . . November. December . Annual Mean daily. 1910 Inches. 1.01 3.20 8.44 1911 Inches. 3.31 .57 4.16 1.81 45.82 .126 a For 11 months. Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Puuivaawaa (station No. 57), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,740 feet.] Month. January. February March... April May June July.... August.. 1910 Inches. 2.77 4.74 .28 .19 .57 1.65 5.86 2.21 Inches. 4.81 1.74 5.76 4.05 4.23 .45 1.03 1.72 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 1.93 1.86 .54 .95 23. 55 .064 Inches. .00 .62 1.46 27.91 .076 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Huehue (station No. 58), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,000 feet.] January.. February March April May June July August... Inches. 4.27 .83 .64 .72 .54 3.01 1.93 .97 Inches. 5.90 2.17 5.61 3.44 1.63 1.00 1.36 2.70 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 9.43 1.43 .85 1.18 25.80 .071 1911 Inches. 4.17 1.15 1.39 1.38 31.90 .087 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 74323°— wsp 818—13 31 482 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. Rainfall at Holualoa {station No. 59), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,350 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 3.15 6.73 2.45 .96 3.68 6.91 1.87 2.29 2.76 5.44 7.55 7.01 8.45 4.48 5.91 7.39 Average, 10 years. Inches. 3.35 3.69 4.74 4.38 5.63 5.66 7.16 7.73 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 15.65 6.45 .51 .72 59.15 .162 Inches. 7.45 6.54 3.91 2.45 61.56 .169 Average, 10 years. Inches. 7.79 5.00 3.19 3.27 61.59 .169 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kealakekua {station No. 60), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,580 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 6.43 7.03 .79 1.55 1.94 7.07 2.62 2.58 1.96 5.81 6.98 9.75 6.83 6.07 4.30 10.16 Average, 21 years. Inches. 3.79 4.06 4.17 4.92 6.47 6.51 7.76 8.05 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily.. Inches. 13.59 6.68 .51 .47 53.10 .145 Inches. 8.79 7.10 4 60 2.93 73.44 .201 Average, 21 years. Indies. 8.09 6.40 4.08 3.00 67.30 .184 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Napoopoo {station No. 61), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 25 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June, July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 5.00 3.55 .00 1.50 .00 6.04 .00 2.31 .10 1.82 1.90 3.-37 2.68 1.98 2.38 4.05 Average, 10 years. Inches. 2.33 2.21 2.53 2.40 4.32 3.13 2.77 4.13 Month. September October November December Annual . . . Mean daily Inches. 3.68 1.90 ■ .10 .85 18.59 .051 Inches. 3.94 3.50 2.15 2.55 36.76 .101 Average, 10 years. Inches. 4.02 2.24 1.47 2.75 34.30 .094 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Hoopuloa {station No. 62), Haiuaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,425 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April May June July August.. Inches. 2.48 .49 3.40 3.33 2.83 2.65 6.26 4.62 Inches. 7.61 1.87 7.60 3.73 6.00 7.83 3.67 5.22 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 4.57 2.58 .87 1.11 35.19 .096 1911 Inches. 7.30 3.76 1.31 1.70 57.51 .158 Note. — Compiled from U, S. Wepither Bureau records. EAINFALL RECORDS ON HAWAII. 483 Rainfall at Kau (station No. 63), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,850 feet.] Month. January . February March April May June July August.. 1910 Inches. 3.00 1.31 2.96 2.72 1.95 5.12 4.66 1911 Incites. 7.16 13.55 11.00 6.25 5.71 5.9 7.22 5.77 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily 1910 Inches. 5.72 3.99 4.00 4.30 47.41 .130 Inches. 6.16 5.67 4.07 3.35 81.81 .224 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rain/all at Naalehu {station No. 64), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 650 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 7.01 4.98 1.31 8.85 2.74 11.85 1.39 4.53 .70 2.22 1.49 1.44 1.21 1.66 7.64 1.94 Average 22 years. Inches. 5.04 5.00 5.61 3.05- 1.90 1.26 1.92 3.94 Month. September October , November , December , Annual ... Mean daily 1910 Inches. 3.46 1.84 3.32 1.69 33.80 .093 Inches. 1.36 3.84 2.60 4.35 49.62 .136 Average 22 years. Inches. 3.10 3.35 4.97 3.80 42.94 .113 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Hilea (station No. 65), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 310 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.59 3.64 1.93 8.50 2.39 12.17 .77 3.27 .56 2.75 .91 .63 .58 1.19 8.81 1.59 Average 22 years. Inches. 2.34 3.97 4.86 2.76 1.37 .74 1.46 3.06 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 2.40 3.46 .94 1.47 3.28 .63 2.30 3.65 29.46 42.85 .081 .117 Average 22 years. Inches. 2.26 2.58 4.64 3.59 33.63 .092 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Pahala (station No. 66), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 850 feet.] Month. January.. February March April May June July August... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 5.02 2.64 3.98 9.11 .51 11.83 .29 5.34 .62 2.71 .63 .10 .56 .78 5.86 2.13 Average 20 years. Inches. 3.89 5.35 5.53 2.37 1.70 .74 .89 3.66 Month. September October November December Annual Mean dailv... 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 2.92 2.16 .94 3.88 2.74 .45 2.19 3.25 26.26 44.38 .072 .121 Average 20 years. Inches. 2.39 2.72 5.45 3.38 8.073 .104 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau recordg. 484 WATER EESOUECES OF HAW AH. Rainfall at Kapapala ranch (station No. 67), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 2,150 feet.] Month. January . . February March.. . April May June July August.. 1910 1911 Inches. Inches. 4.99 6.99 5.65 7.60 .92 17.21 .98 6.92 2.74 4.93 1.60 .00 2.5.3 1.78 5.43 2.50 Average, 26 years. Inches. 5.63 6.68 7.64 3.62 3.19 1.28 2.03 3.55 Month. September October November December Annual Mean daily... 1910 Inches. 4.19 2.17 3.38 3.33 37.91 .104 Inches. 6.80 3.08 1.38 2.81 62.00 .170 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Volcano House (station No. 68), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 3,970 feet.] Month. January . February March... April May.... June July August . . 1910 Inches. 12.92 1.66 9.50 7.18 8.34 6.50 3.45 9.40 Inches. 8.50 24. 58 10.01 10.44 1.39 4.52 .00 2.35 Average, 13 years. Inches. 6.30 8.55 9.72 7.45 5.52 3.34 4.60 7.86 Month. September October November December Annual... Mean daily Inches. 2.67 3.69 6.17 6.29 77.77 .213 1911 Inches. 8.15 4.71 8.09 9.59 92.33 .253 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Mountain View (station No. 69), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,530 feet.] Month. January. . February March. . . April May June July August. . 1910 Inches. 26.45 6.96 22.80 20.80 19.75 21.49 17.73 24.86 1911 Inches. 17.56 45.10 15.71 28.39 26.31 21.00 12.29 18.01 Average, 11 years. Inches. 14.10 14.44 19.36 19.33 15. 85 10.58 17.00 22.83 Month. September October November December. Annual Mean daily... Inches. 8.03 15. 09 18.14 16.62 218. 72 .599 1911 Inches. 22.06 14.65 23.25 22.12 266. 45 .730 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kurtistown (station No. 70), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 640 feet.] Month. January. February March . . . April .... May June..., July August . . Inches. 19.11 3.44 13.50 10.31 10.23 8.11 21.99 16.46 1911 Inches. 16.15 33. 41 19. 25 21.12 22.16 16.16 7.43 12.96 September October November December Annual . . . Mean daily Inches. 5.22 7.21 13.40 18.95 147. 96 .405 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. EAINFALL KECORDS ON HAWAII. 485 Rainfall at Olaa mill (station No. 71), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 210 feet.] Month. January. February- March. . . April May June July August . . Inches. 20.08 5.47 12.34 9.71 11.36 8.91 10.81 14.37 1911 Inches. 13.73 19.07 13.15 19.75 21.98 11.28 7.07 9.67 Average, 11 years. Inches. 10.08 10.88 15.83 13.88 10.03 7.72 11.98 13.97 Month. September October November , December Annual Mean daily Inches. 5.41 8.00 10.89 17.92 135. 27 .370 Inches. 14.29 7.23 13.82 15.06 166. 10 .455 Average, 11 years. Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Pahoa {station No. 72), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 700 feet.] Inches. 12.85 10.94 15.61 13.89 147. 66 .405 January. February March . . . April May June July August . . Inches. 29.44 7.18 10.96 7.84 10.28 18.00 11.07 9.54 Inches. 16.13 42.39 20.14 19.01 22.60 21.80 17.97 1.43 Month. September October November December... Annual Mean daily Inches. 8.85 10.49 12.23 19.10 154. 98 .426 Inches. 12.84 3.86 14.34 21.64 214. 15 .586 Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kaueleau {station No. 7S), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 1,000 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July August. . Inches. 33.70 3.95 12.14 9.30 12.93 11.55 12.56 11.39 Inches. 16.39 38.52 27.30 15.60 18.84 14.81 7.09 9.71 September October November December Annual Mean daily Inches. 7.89 9.89 12.22 14.83 152. 35 .417 Inches. 16.91 9.30 14.39 19.39 208.25 .570 Note.— Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. Rainfall at Kapoho {station No. 74), Hawaii, 1910-11. [Elevation, 110 feet.] Month. 1910 1911 Average, 20 years. Month. 1910 1911 Average, 20 years. January Inches. 21.42 4.19 5.25 3.89 6.21 5.90 6.76 6.24 Inches. 9.39 15. 39 13.18 12.10 11.44 8.28 4.08 4.91 Inches. 8.67 8.79 11.06 6.33 5.42 4.98 5.34 7.04 September . Inches. 6.99 6.34 6.31 15.46 Inches. 10.80 3.33 8.23 10.92 Inches. 7 44 February 7.55 March November 7 98 April 7.94 Annual Mean daily... June 94.96 .260 112. 05 .307 88.54 July 242 August Note. — Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau records. 486 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Alphabetic list of rainfall stations on Island of Ilaivaii. Name. No. Eleva- tion. Name. No. Eleva- tion. 46 49 33 22 21 31 30 55 05 6 8 59 23 41 40 50 62 58 1 38 67 74 63 73 45 44 60 25 52 54 53 47 35 34 43 42 70 Feet. 1,030 2,100 1,600 200 1,200 4,000 5,000 600 310 100 15 1,350 300 470 1,100 1,042 2,425 2,000 6,685 900 2,150 110 1,850 1,000 1,040 4,080 1,580 5,500 960 270 520 1,000 250 800 700 930 640 Laupahoehoe 27 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 69 64 61 51 71 28 39 37 36 66 72 26 19 56 20 4 3 5 29 2 57 32 68 7 24 48 Feet. 100 Awini Mauna Kea, east slope 5,000 4,500 Do Do 4,000 3,500 Hakalau mauka Do Hapea Do 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 TTapfia manlirft Do Do Hilea Do HUo Do 1,000 Do 500 Mountain View 1,530 650 Honohina Naalehu a 25 Honokaa mauka . . . Niulii 200 210 Ookala 400 1,150 Humuula . . Paauilo 30 300 Kapapala ranch Pahala 850 700 Kau . . Papaaloa 260 250 600 100 Kealakekua 1,000 Piihonua mauka 1,900 500 Kohala mill Puu Kihe 7,850 Puu Oo 6,450 2,740 Koiawe Puuwaawaa 3 400 Kukaiau office Volcano House 3,970 50 Kukuiliaele (Hawaiian Irrigation 275 2,720 a Evaporation station. EVAPORATION FROM WATER SURFACE. The action of evaporation is so gradual and continuous from day to day that its effect on the storage of water is likely to be overlooked unless special attention is called to it and figures given to show the total loss per month or year. This loss becomes an item of impor- tance when large quantities of water are held in storage over a consid- erable, period of time, as in the case of reservoirs for municipal supply or for irrigation systems depending on storm flow. The effect of evaporation must also be taken into account in estimating probable run-off from drainage areas by means of rainfall records. Data regarding evaporation must necessarily be limited to observa- tions made on small quantities of water confined in specially prepared receptacles, except in those rare instances where the total inflow and outflow of a natural pond or lake can be accurately measured. It is, of course, impossible to secure in the evaporation pan all the condi- tions that affect evaporation from a large body of water whose sur- face, roughened by the wind, gives a larger area constantly exposed to shifting air currents. For this reason the actual losses by evapo- EVAPORATION FROM WATER SURFACE. 487 ration are probably somewhat greater than those shown by the evapo- ration pan. Evaporation records were obtained during 1910 and 1911 at nine stations on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii. Records of evaporation under roof cover were also obtained at two stations on Oahu. The gage used in measuring evaporation consisted of a circu- lar galvanized-iron pan, 10 inches deep and about 18 inches in diame- ter. Readings were made from the surface of the water to the top of a sharp point extending about 2 inches above the bottom in the center of the pan. The pan was filled with water to about -3 inches from the top, water being added or taken out from time to time, depending on the amount of evaporation and the rainfall. Rainfall records were obtained at the stations, and the amount of rainfall was taken into account in measuring the evaporation. Owing to the small size of the pan and the necessity of keeping the water surface some distance below the top, the effect of the wind in aiding evapora- tion was probably modified to a large extent. Despite the precaution of keeping the water low, the pan was likely to overflow at times of heavy rainfall. At such times, even if no overflow occurred, there were often considerable losses of water by spattering out over the sides of the pan, which probably accounts for the extremely large evaporation shown at times of heavy rainfall. Owing to the difficulties in obtaining evaporation records, the data here presented are not considered as having throughout a high degree of accuracy. They give, however, some general information on a subject not heretofore investigated in the Territory of Hawaii. Evaporation at Waiahoali camp, Kauai, 1910-11. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. May 15 o Bays. Inches. Inches. 1910. June 16 Days. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 7 7 8 6 7 7 14 30 Inches. 0.50 .80 .40 .70 .50 .60 .60 1.70 .70 .60 .60 .32 .28 .40 .80 .62 Inches. 0.071 July 10 56 44 24 2.83 2.27 1.05 0.051 .052 .044 23 .114 Aug 23 30 .057 Sept 16 July 7 .100 Oct 8 6 14 .071 16 8 .40 .050 21 .086 28 .086 1911. Aug. 18 .081 Feb. 25 c 25 .100 Mar 11 14 6 8 7 6 7 9 1.50 1.70 .90 2.60 .75 .10 .30 .107 .283 .112 .371 .125 .014 .033 Sept. 1 .086 17 9 .086 25 15 .053 Apr. 1 22 .040 29 .057 14 Oct. 13 .057 23 Nov. 12 .021 29* Dec 27 b 6 7 7 .80 .50 .60 .133 .071 .086 12 19 26 June 2 9 7 .10 .014 « station established. 6 Pan overflowed. c Station reestablished. 488 WATER EESOURCES OF HAWAII. Evaporation at Puu Lua, Kauai, 1910-11. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. Days. Inches. Inches. 1911. May 26 Days. 7 7 Inches. 1.00 1.20 Inches. 0.143 Oct 8 14 7 1.44 .89 0.103 .127 June 2 .171 IS 9c 16 7 14 28 21 7 21 7 7 15 28 47 1.15 2.55 5.70 2.65 1.00 3.50 1.10 1.00 1.90 2.74 4.21 .164 182 1911 30 Feb 25 b July 28 .204 Mar 11 14 7 7 7 7 7 8 6 7 C 7 2.10 2.40 .90 3.00 .50 .50 .90 .85 .55 .70 .90 .150 .343 .129 .429 .071 .071 .112 .142 .079 .117 .129 Aug. 18 .126 18 25 .143 25 Sept. 15 .167 Apr 1 22 .157 8 29 .143 15 Oct. 14 .127 23 Nov. 11 .098 29 Dec. 28 .089 Feb. 25 to Dee. 28, 1911c 12 299 41.99 19 .140 a Station established. b Station reestablished. c No record for week ending June 9. Evaporation at Waiawa, Kauai, 1910-11. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. June 10 a Days. Inches. Inches. 1911. May 28 Days. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 3 7 7 6 7 8 13 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 9 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 Inches. 1.58 1.29 1.50 1.70 1.52 1.10 1.90 1.50 1.50 .85 .60 1.60 .80 .48 1.80 1.40 2.42 .85 .70 1.10 .70 .75 1.04 1.00 1.10 .00 .80 .60 .86 .85 .82 .52 Inches. 0.226 July 5 25 31 26 38 7 7 7 23 24 11 4.78 5.32 5.72 5.68 1.08 .85 .69 .50 1.30 1.14 0.191 .171 .220 .150 .154 .121 .099 .022 .054 .104 June 4 .184 11 .214 31 18 .243 Oct 8 25 .217 15 July 2 .157 22 9 .271 29 16 .214 Nov. 21 23 .214 Dec. 15 28 .170 26 31 .200 .229 .114 June 10 to 199 27.06 .136 14 Dec, 26, 1910 20 .080 27 .257 .175 1911. 13 8 .20 .70 .015 .088 Sept. 4 Jan. 8 17 .186 16 24 .121 176 Oct. 1 .100 24 7 7 7 5 8 7 7 6 8 6 7 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 .42 .65 .38 .73 .80 1.06 .86 .52 .85 .70 1.25 1.40 .76 1.20 1.02 1.40 1.10 1.58 .060 .093 .054 .146 .100 .151 .123 .087 .106 .117 .179 .175 .109 .171 .170 .200 .157 .226 8 . .157 31 15 .100 Feb. 7 2'' .107 12 29 .149 20 Nov. 4 . . . . .167 27 13 .122 Mar. 6 19 .100 12 26 .114 20 Dec. 3 .086 26 10 ... .123 Apr. 2 17 .121 10 24 . . .117 17 31 .074 24 Dec. 26, 1910, to Dec. 31, 19116 30 369 53.41 May 7 14 .145 21 aStation established. bNo record on Jan. 17. EVAPORATION FROM WATER SURFACE. Evaporation at Koloa, Kauai, 1910-11. 489 Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. Sent 6" Days. Inches. Inches. 1911. May 3 Days. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Inches. 1.44 1.22 1.01 .91 1.26 1.08 1.40 1.22 .98 1.26 1.16 .94 1.19 1.20 1.35 1.04 1.23 1.23 1.09 .94 1.02 .79 .94 1.13 .80 .74 .91 1.07 .74 .92 .70 .54 .79 .79 .57 Inches. 0.206 ^13 :.: .. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0.98 87 1.27 1.47 1.12 .89 .86 .75 0.140 .124 .181 .210 .160 .127 .123 .107 10 .174 20 17 .144 27 24 .130 Oct 4 31 .180 11 June 7 .154 IS 14 .200 25 21 .174 Nov 1 28 .140 26 July 5 .180 9 . . 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 .81 .91 .93 .60 .88 .60 .60 .71 .116 .130 .133 .086 .126 .086 .086 .101 12 .160 16 19 .134 23 26 .170 30 Aug. 2 .171 Dec 7 9 .193 14 16 .149 21 23 .176 28 30 .176 Rpn)- (i .156 .134 Sept. 6 to Dec. 28, 112 14.25 .127 13 20 .146 1910« 27 .113 .134 .161 1911. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 .89 .39 .60 .47 .35 .87 .75 .73 1.03 .70 .96 1.10 1.00 1.50 .92 .91 .99 .127 .056 .086 .067 050 .124 .107 .104 .147 .100 .137 .157 .143 .214 .131 .130 .141 11 18 .114 11 25 .106 18 Nov. 1 .130 25 8 .153 Feb. 1 15 .106 8 22 .131 15 29 .100 22 Dec. 6 .077 Mar. 1 13 .113 8 20 .113 15 27 .081 22 Dec. 28, 1910, to Dec. 27, 1911 29 364 49.76 Apr. 5 12 .137 19 26 a Station established. i Pan overflowed. c No record on Nov. 2. Evaporation at Kealia, Kauai, 1910-11. Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. Sept 30 Days. Inches. Inches. 1911. June 3 Days. 7 24 16 8 22 21 Inches. 1.53 5.32 3.81 1.83 5.67 5.06 Inches. 0.219 12 9 33 1.74 7.64 0.193 .232 27 .222 Oct 15 July 13 .... .238 28 6 21 .229 Dec. 17 50 14.66 .293 Aug. 12 Sept 2 .258 241 1911 23 115 23 4.46 19.63 4.86 .194 .171 .211 Jan. 9 to Sept. 2, 1911 Jan. 9 259 52.17 .201 27 o station established. J> Pan overflowed. 490 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Evaporation at Spencer Street, Honolulu, Oahu, 1910-11. Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daUy. Date of observa- tion. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. June 17 " Days. Inches. Inches. 1911. Feb. 22 Days. 9 iTiches. 1.12 Inches. 0.124 21 4 9 19 39 24 6 7 8 9 6 5 2 S 6 8 13 13 9 2 0.49 .45 3.57 5.99 2.92 .74 .90 1.13 1.56 1.10 .43 .28 1.03 .99 1.17 1.84 2.02 .71 .45 0.122 .050 .188 .154 .122 .123 .129 .141 .173 .183 .086 .140 .129 .165 .146 .142 .155 .079 .225 26 i> 30 Mar. 11 13 10 9 14 7 S 7 12 8 8 11 8 10 8 6 7 8 6 9 5 14 14 7 7 .97 1.09 .68 1.93 1.16 .77 .63 1.94 1.49 .53 2.08 1.86 1.82 1.50 1.41 1.59 1.07 1.27 1.99 .94 1.79 2.16 .98 .95 .075 July 19 21 .109 Aug. 27 30 .076 Sept. 20 Apr. 13 .138 26 20 .166 Oct. 3 28 .096 11 May 5 .090 20 17 .162 26 25 .186 31 June 2 .066 Nov. 2 13 .189 10 21 .232 16 July 1 .182 24 9 .188 Dec. 7 15 .235 20 22 .227 29 30 .134 31 Aug. 5 .212 14 221 June 17 to 197 27.77 .141 19 .188 Dec. 31, 1910 Sept. 2 .128 .154 .140 1911. 12 13 7 1.73 1.26 1.29 .144 .097 .184 23 Jan. 12 30 .136 25 Dee. 31, 1910 to Sept. 30, 1911c Feb. 1 264 38.45 66 13 7 .45 .064 .146 a Station established. b Pan overflowed. c No records for Feb. 1-6 and 22-26. Evaporation at Hoaeae, Oahu, 1911. Month. Average daily. September October November December September 1 to December 31 Inches. 0.316 .236 .226 .171 Evaporation at upper Lualcaha, Oahu, 191G-11. Month. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. October 1-4 and 12-31 November December The period (85 days) 1911, Janu ary February March April Mav 1-21 and 28-31 June 1-9 and 15-30 July August September October November December The period (354 days) Inches. 5.48 5.45 3.23 Inches. 0.228 .182 .104 14.16 .167 O7.08 a. 228 a 8. 50 a. 304 3.54 .114 3.54 .118 a 7. 35 0.294 5.39 .216 6.13 .198 5.82 .188 a 13. 08 0.436 3.09 .100 3.72 .124 2.97 .096 « 70. 21 0.198 o Figures probably too large, due to loss of water by spattering from pan at times of heavy rainfall. TEMPERATURE. 491 Evaporation under roof cover of Punchbowl reservoir , Honolulu, Oahu, 1910-11. Dale of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. 1910. Days. Inches. Inches. 18 13 11 96 0.46 .31 2.28 0. 03.5 29 - - - .028 Feb. 2 1911. .024 1910, to Feb. 2, 1911 Oct. 5, 120 3.05 .025 a Station establislied. Evaporation in basement of Executive Building, Honolulu, Oahu, 1910-11. Date of observation. Period. Total for period. Average daily. Oct. 6" 1910. Days. Inches. Inches. 15 9 11 34 65 96 125 0.35 .35 1.02 1.80 2.50 3.75 0. 039 26 - .032 Nov . 29. . - - - .030 Feb. 2 1911. .028 May 9 .026 Sept. 11 - - - .030 1910, to Sept. 11, 1911 Oct. 6, 340 9.77 .029 o station established. Evaporation at Naalehu, Hawaii, 1911. Montti. Total for period. Average daily. July 2-31 August September October 5-31 November December 1-25 The period (173 days) Inches. 6.36 7.24 7.96 8.29 7.50 6.86 Inches. 0.212 .234 .265 .307 .2.50 .274 44. 21 .256 TEMPERATURE. Although located within the Torrid Zone, between 18° 55' and 22° 15' north latitude, the climate of the Hawaiian Islands can hardly be said to be tropical. At the most it is only subtropical, and probably the word "temperate" applies better to it than to the climate of most places north of the Tropic of Cancer. This is due largely to the north- east trade winds and to the cold currents from the north Pacific, which cool the ocean about the islands, giving them a temperature 10° lower than that of any other part of the world of the same lati- tude.^ The temperature at sea level averages about 75° F. through- 1 See Bishop, S. E., Cold current system of the Pacific: Hawaiian Annual, 1905, p. 74. 492 WATER EESOUECES OF HAWAII. out the year, the warmest period being from May to September, wlieii a temperature of 90° may be reached. The temperature at sea level seldom goes below 55°, but at higher glevations it falls lower, freezing temperature being reached on the summits of the highest mountains. Snow is seldom if ever seen on the islands of Kauai and Oahu. Thunderstorms usually bring snow to Haleakala, on Maui, but these are of rare occurrence. Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai, on Hawaii, are usually crowned with snow during the winter, and snow was visible on the summit of Mauna Kea throughout the summer of 1911. The United States Weather Bureau has obtained records of tem- perature at a number of its climatologic stations on the different islands. From these records the mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures have been compiled for each month during 1911 for a few stations which, although at low elevations, are representative of average conditions on the inhabited parts of the islands. Temperature (°F.) at stations on Hawaiian Islands, 1911. [Compaed from United States Weather Bureau records.] Mana Pump, Kauai. [Elevation, 30 feet.] Month. January... February a March April May June July Mean. 69.2 70.7 71.4 73.2 73.9 76.0 76.4 High- est. Low- est. Great- est daily range. Month. August 6 September c... October d November <* . . . December The year Mean. 78.4 78.2 75.2 73.0 70.2 73.8 High- est. Low- est. Great- est daily range. 26 Makaweli, Eauai. [Elevation, 140 feet.] January . February March . . . April May June July 70.2 81 56 24 70.2 82 57 23 71.2 83 55 22 73.0 86 55 27 73.4 85 63 21 75.2 86 64 19 75.2 85 63 20 August September October November December The year 78.2 76.8 75.6 75.0 73.0 73.9 Liihue, Eauai. [Elevation, 200 feet.] January . . . February « March April May Jime July 68.4 78 52 22 67.6 79 54 22 69.2 81 53 25 71.3 84 51 27 72.4 82 61 20 75.1 84 65 17 76.2 86 64 22 August September October November December The year 77.4 76.2 74.6 72.8 70.8 72.6 51 27 o Records for 3 days missing. * Records for 2 days missing, c Records for 4 days missing. d Records for 1 day missing. « Records for 7 days missing. TEMPEEATUKE. 493 Temperature (°F.) at stations on Hawaiian Islands, 1911 — Continued. Kilauea, Eauai. [Elevation, 342 feet.] Month. Mean. High- est. Low- est. Great- est daily range. Month. Mean. High- est. Low- est. Great- est daily range. 68.2 68.4 69.6 71.6 72.6 74.3 75.1 77 82 81 84 82 82 84 57 55 57 53 61 65 65 20 24 22 22 18 15 17 August 76.6 74,9 73.9 72.5 70.4 88 85 -85 85 80 66 64 60 60 57 IS February September October 16 23 November December The year . . 22 May 18 July 72.3 88 53 24 Walanae, Oahu. [Elevation, 6 feet.] 71.3 83 59 21 70.4 82 55 26 71.9 85 52 26 73.8 86 52 25 74.8 87 62 22 77.3 89 65 23 79.2 90 65 25 August September o October November" December The year. 80.0 79.3 75.5 74.8 73.2 75.1 Honolulu, Oahu. [Elevation, 111 feet.] 70.0 79 58 15 69.8 78 62 14 71.4 80 63 15 73.3 82 61 16 74.3 84 64 15 75.3 82 66 12 76.4 84 68 13 August September October November December The year . 78.1 76.8 75.2 74.7 72.4 74.0 85 58 Schofield Barracks, Oahu. [Elevation, 990 feet.] 66.6 80 55 18 65.8 78 54 24 67.4 79 52 22 68.9 80 51 23 69.8 81 57 20 71.0 81 60 20 73.0 89 61 27 August September October November December The year . 74.0 73.2 71.2 66.4 68.1 Tantalus, Oahu. [Elevation, 1,300 feet.] 63.6 71 54 15 64.1 74 58 14 66.3 75 57 15 67.2 84 59 18 68.0 76 61 13 67.7 74 61 12 69.3 78 63 10 August September October November December The year. 70.4 78 64 69.1 77 64 68.5 76 61 67.4 79 62 65.6 72 59 67.3 84 54 • Kecordsfor 1 day missing. 494 WATER RESOUECES OF HAWAII. Teviperaturc {°F.) at stations on Haivaiian Islands, 1911 — Continued. Eaanapall, Maul. [Elevation, 12 feet.] Month. January . February March . . . April May June July Great- Mean. High- est. Low- est. est daily range. 70.2 81 57 21 70.4 82 58 22 71.4 83 58 22 74.0 87 60 23 76.0 90 62 23 77.3 89 64 25 79.2 90 66 22 Month. August September October November . . . . . December The year . Mean. 80.0 79.4 76.5 75.2 73.0 75.2 High- est. Low- est. 57 Great- est daily range. Walluku, Maul. [Elevation, 250 feet.] January., February March April May June July 68.8 81 56 21 69.2 81 56 25 69.8 84 57 24 72.2 85 60 21 73.0 86 63 18 74.1 84 65 17 75.5 86 67 16 August September October November December The year . 77.4 89 68 75.8 86 67 74.0 86 61 72.8 83 62 70.9 80 60 72.8 89 56 ITahika, Maul. [Elevation, 700 feet.] January . February March . . . April May June July 64.2 79 51 21 64.0 88 54 21 65.4 82 50 24 67.0 80 54 19 67.8 80 57 23 68.2 80 58 20 70.0 83 59 20 August September October November December The year . 71.0 83 60 69.1 82 59 67.8 79 56 66.8 77 56 65.5 75 55 67.2 83 50 Honomanu, Maui. [Elevation, 1,800 feet.] January . February March . . . April May June July 63.1 75 51 16 62.9 75 55 16 65.4 79 54 20 65.8 81 54 17 66.5 75 57 16 65.1 73 59 11 67.2 82 60 23 August September October November December The year . 68.0 76 ' 61 66.7 75 60 66.4 76 59 65.2 75 59 63.6 74 58 65.5 82 51 HUo, Hawaii. [Elevation, 100 feet.] January. February March AprU May June July 68.4 82 55 25 68.7 81 59 19 69.4 83 57 23 70.8 82 62 17 71.3 82 61 17 72.4 84 64 18 74.0 88 66 17 August Sep'tember October November December The year . 74.6 84 65 73.8 84 62 73.0 83 63 71.4 84 63 69.6 81 58 71.4 88 55 TEMPERATUEE. 495 Temperature {°F.) at stations on Hawaiian Islands, 1911 — Continued. Pahala, Hawaii. [Elevation, 850 feet.] Month. January . February- March . . . April May June July Mean. 68.6 68.4 68.7 71.2 71.2 72.1 74.0 High- est. Low- est. Great- est daily range. Month. August September October November December The year . Mean. 75.2 74.9 73.0 72.4 72.0 71.8 High- est. Low- est. 53 Great- est daily range. Waimea, Hawaii. [Elevation, 2,720 feet.] January . February March . . . April May June .... July 58.6 73 44 21 60.4 74 48 20 62.0 75 46 19 61.9 76 50 21 61.9 76 50 19 61.8 72 52 16 63.6 80 53 20 August September October November. . . .. December The year . 65.1 79 54 63.7 78 52 64.2 78 53 61.7 76 51 60.4 75 49 62.1 80 44 Humuula, Hawaii. [Elevation, 6,685 feet.] January . . February . March April May Jurie July 48.0 63 32 27 47.4 65 29 31 49.6 64 32 30 65 64 41 39 ii 53.0 54.8 67 42 20 56.8 71 39 29 August September October November a December The year . . 58.7 72 43 55.6 68 41 57.6 70 45 51.3 66 36 47.5 63 6 35 C52.8 72 29 o Records for 1 day missing. » Eecords for 15 days only. e For 11 months. APPENDIX. PRONUNCIATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS. All purely Hawaiian sounds are represented by 12 letters, none of which are ever silent, namely: a, e, h, i, k, 1, m, n, o, p, u, and w. The vowels are sounded as follows: a, as in father; e, as in they; i, as in machine; o, as in vote; and u, as in rule or as oo in moon, but not as u in mule. The consonants are sounded as in Enghsh except that w is really between English v and w and is sounded like V in the middle of words, especially in the last syllable. Ai, when sounded as a diphthong, resembles English ay in the word aye (yes) or i in bite, and au resembles ou in loud. Every word and syllable must end in a vowel. Two consonants never stand together without a vowel between, and all consonants are pronounced with the following vowel. Double vowels are pro- nounced in separate syllables. The accent is generally on the penult, but some words have the accent on the last syllable. Vowels are never slurred as in EngUsh. HAWAIIAN WORDS IN COMMON USE. Ae, yes. Akamai, smart, clever. Alanui, street, road. Alii, persons of high rank. Alo, front. Aloha, love (friendly salutation). Ann, cold. Anuenue, rainbow. Aole, no. Apana, district. Aupuni, government, nation. Auwai, ditch. Auwe, alas. Awakea, noon. Eleele, black. Hale, house. Halekuai, store. Halekula, schoolhouse. Halepule, church. Haole, white man, or foreigner. Hapa, half. 496 Hapahaole, half-white. Hanahana, to work. Hapai, lift up. Heiau, old native temple. Hele wawai, walk. Hiamoe, sleep. Hokele, hotel. Holoku, native dress, mother hubbard. Hoomalimali, to gain one's favor by false pretense. Huhu, angry. Hui, to unite, company. Hula, Hawaiian dance. Hull, to turn. Iki, little. Ilio, dog. Kaaahi, train. Kaa, carriage. Kahawai, natural watercourse. Kahuna, native witch doctor. Kahunapule, priest. HAWAIIAN WORDS. 497 Kai, sea. Kamaaina, old-timer, pioneer. Kamailio, talk. Kanaka, native, man. Kanaloa, doubtful. Kapu, sacred, keep out. Kapukahi, crooked, bent. Kaukau, to eat, food. Kaula, rope. Keiki, child. Keikikane, boy. Keikiwahine, girl. Kekee, ugly. Kela, that. Keokeo, white. Ko, sugar. Kokua, to assist, to help. Konohiki, landlord or his agent. Kope, coffee. Kuai, buy, sell. Kulikuli, keep still. La, sun. Lalo, below. Lanai, porch. Lani, heaven, sky. Lau, leaf. Lei, wreath. Lepo, earth, sand. Liilii, small. Likepu, the same. Lio, horse. Luau, native feat. Luna, superintendent, overseer. Maanei, here. Maemae, clean. Mahina, moon. Mahoe, twins. Mahope, by and by. Mai, come. Maikai, good. Maka, eye. Makai, toward the sea. Makau, afraid. Make, dead. Makeole, alive. Malaila, there. Malihini, stranger, tenderfoot. Maluna, above. Mamua, before, in front of. Mano, dam. Manoa, depth, thickness. 74323°— wsp 318—13 — Manu, bird. Mauka, toward the mountains. Mauna, mountain. Mea, thing. Mele, Hawaiian music. Menehune, mythical dwarfs. Moa, chicken. Moana, ocean. Moi, king. Mokuahi, steamer. Manienie, plain, smooth. Nana, look. Nui, big, large. Ola, living. Opae, shrimpa. Pa, fence. Paaa, stony. Paakiki, hard, difficult. Pake, chinaman. Palaoa, bread. Pali, cliff. Papa, board, plank. Pau, done, finished. Pauloa, all. Peahi, fan. Pehea, how goes it? Pehea oe, how are you? Peia, thus. Pilau, offensive to sense of smell. Pilikia, trouble. Pipi, cow, beef. Pohaku, stone. Poho, to sink. Poi, native food. Polorei (?), straight. Poo, head. Popoki, cat. Puaa, hog. Pueo, owl. Puka, door, hole. Pupule, crazy, mad. Puu, hill, mount. Ua, rain. Ukana, load, cargo. Uku pau, job or piece work. Ulaula, red. Wahine, woman. Wai, water. Wailele, waterfall. Wela, hot. Wikiwiki, hurry up. -32 498 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. MEANING OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.* Authorities say that it is difficult or impossible to translate many Hawaiian geographic names on account of their great antiquity and the changes which many of them have undergone. It often happens that different translations will result from dividing a word in different ways. Many names of places in Hawaii are common to the islands of other groups in the South Pacific. These names were probably brought by the earliest colonists and may or may not have had a recognized meaning at that time. They have been used in Hawaii for centuries since the coming of the first colonists without any thought of their original meaning. Most names of places in Hawaii, however, seem to represent some outstanding attribute of the place or to commemorate some occurrence or experience in the life of the people in connection with it. Some words embody the names of a person of whom no tradition remains; as Ka-wai-a-Hao, the water of Hao; Ka-puu-o-Uo, the hiU of Uo. Many names are evidently attributive, as Mauna Loa, long moun- tain; Mauna Kea, white mountain; Puu Ulaula, red hill; Ka-lae-loa, the long cape; Ke-ala-i-Kahiki, the way to Kahiki (Tahiti). The compounds of wai, water, are numerous: as Wai-okea, open water; Wai-aleale, rippling water; Wai-awa, bitter water; Wai-lua, two waters; Wai-manalo, brackish water; Wai-oli, singing water. Compounds of bono, an obsolete word for harbor, are also num- erous: as, Hono-lulu, quiet harbor or Fair Haven; Hono-malino, calm harbor; Hono-manu, bird harbor; Hono-uliuli, blue harbor, etc. The following refer to Honolulu and vicmity: Ka-imu-ki, the oven for cooking ti root; Ka-lihi, outside edge, or border valley; Ka-moo- iliili, the pebbly or stony strip; Ka-palama, guarded inclosure, or fence of lama wood; Ke-walo, outcry; Manoa, broad valley; Moana- lua, two oceans, referring to great expanse of level land and reef; Nuuanu, cool terraces; Palolo., clay valley; Puna-hou, new spring; Pu-o-waina, Punchbowl Hill, signifies the "hill of sacrifice or offer- ing;" and Wai-kiki, spurting water. GLOSSARY OF SOME GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.2 A. Aa, root. A'a^, rough lava. Aala, fragrant. Ahi, fire. Ahina, gray. Ahua, a mound, a heap. Ahualoa, long mound. 'Ai, food, to eat. Aiea, a shrub, Nothocastrum. 'Aina, land. Ainakea, white land. ' Alexander, W. D., Hawaiian geographic names: Ann. Rept. U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for 1902, Appendix 7, 1903, pp. 395-396. »Idem, pp. 396-425. GEOGEAPHIC NAMES. 499 Akahipuu, one hill. Akua, a spirit, a deity. Ala, way. Alaakua, path of goda. Alae, mud hen. Alaea, red ocher. Ala] a, a crow. Alalakeiki, the crying of children. Ale, a wave. Aleale, rippling. Alenuihaha, great waves pursuing. Alii, a chief. Alii Pun, royal hill. Ana, a cave. Anaana, to pray to death. Anae, a young mullet. Anahola, fish poison cave. Anahulu, ten days. Anu, cold. Anuenue, a rainbow. Ao, light. Apana, a district. Apua, cup. Au, a current, time. Auau, to bathe, currents. Auhau, a tax. Auhuhu, fish poison, Tephrosia piscatoria. Aupokopoko, short time. Auwaiolimu, mossy water ditch. Auwana, to wander. Awa, a harbor. Awa, a plant. Piper methysticum. Awakee, crooked harbor. Awalua, two harbors. Awawaiki, little valley. Awawaloa, long valley. E. Ea, a turtle. Eha, pain, sore. Ehoeho, a monument, cairn. Eleele, black. Eli, to dig, excavate. * H. Haaheo, (adj.) proud, pride. Haalele, to forsake. Haiki, narrow, close. Haku, lord. Hala, Pandanus tree. Hala, fault, defect. Halai, a calm. Halaula, red Hala, Pandanus. Hale, house. Haleaha, assembly house. Haleakala, house of the sun. Halehaku, master's house. Haleili, bark house. Haleili, skin house. Halekii, house of images. Halelea, house of joy. Halemano, shark's house. Halepuaa, hog's house. Halepuna, coral house. Haliimaile, to spread out maile vines. Haliu, to turn. Halulu, to roar, rumble. Hamakua, the back of the island. Hamakualoa, long Hamakua. Hamakuapoko, short Hamakua. Hamama, open. Hamo, to smear, anoint. Hana, to work. Hanalei, make a wreath. Hanapepe, to crush. Hanawana, whispering. Haole, white man, iron. Hapapa, shallow soil. Hau, dew, snow. Hau, a tree, Hibiscus tiliaceus. Hauula, red dew. Hee, to slide. Hee, a squid. Heeia, slide. Hele, to go. Hele, a trap. Hele Puu, traveler's hill. Helemano, to travel with thousands. Hihiu, wild. Hiki, to come. Hikina, east. Hilea, lazy. Hilo, name of an ancient navigator. Hina, to fall. Hina, (adj.) gray. Hiu, a fish's tail. Hoa, a friend. Hoalua, two friends. Hoku, a star. Hokumahoe, twin stars. Hokuula, red star. Hole, to peel, to flay. Holo, to run. Holua, a sliding place. Holualoa, long sled. Hono, a harbor. Honohina, Hina's harbor. 500 WATER RESOUECES OF HAWAII. Honoipu, calabash harbor. Honokahau, harbor of the hau tree. Honokahua, harbor of the fruit. Honokaia, fish harbor. Honokala, harbor of the sun. Honokalani, harbor of the chief. Honokane, harbor of cane. Honokawai, harbor of the water. Honokeana, harbor of the cave. Honokua, harbor of the back country. Honolua, two harbors. Honolulu, fair haven. Honomakau, fish hook. Honomalino, calm harbor. Honomanu, bird harbor. Honomu', harbor of the mu. Honopou, post harbor. Honopu, scorched. Honopueo, owl harbor. Honouliuli, blue harbor. Honu, a turtle. Honua, land. Honuapo, dark land. Honuaula, red land. Hoolawa, to complete. Hope, (adj.) after, last. Hopenui, great end. Hou, (adj.) new. Hu, to gush out, to spout. Hua, a fruit. Hu'a, sea foam. Hualele, flying seed. Hualua, two fruits. Hue, small gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris. Huelo, a tail. Huilua, two companies. Huli, to turn. Hulihana, seek for work Hulu, hair, feathers. Huluhulu Puu, hairy hill. Humuula, ax stone. Huna, secret. Hune, (adj.) poor, destitute. I. Ihe, a javelin. Ihu, nose, break. Iki, little. Hi, skin, a division of land. Iliahi, sandalwood. Iliili, pebbles. Iliililoa, long pebbly beach. Hio, dog. Hole, a mouse, rat. Iloli, odoriferous. Imu, an oven, lole, rat. Iwa, nme. Iwi, a bone. K. Ka, the. Kaa, to roll. Kaalaea, red ocher. Kaalawai, water way. Kaalualu, rough, uneven. Kaamola, turning round. Kaao, legend; calm; story. Kaapahu, cut square off. Kaauhuhu, the fish poison plant. Kaawikiwiki, roll quick. Kaeleku^, brittle. Kaena, room, northwest point. Kaeo, winner. Kahakuloa, the long rock. Kahala, the pandanus. Kahana, work. Kahanahaiki, narrow Kahana. Kahananui, great work. Kahanui, great mark. Kahauiki, small hau tree. Kahauloa, long hau tree. Kahawai, watercourse. Kahawaihapapa, shallow aqueduct. Kahe, to flow. Kahei, girdle. Kahiki, Tahiti. Kahikinui, great Tahiti. Kahiko, ancient. Kahili, fly brush. Kahoahuna, the hidden friend. Kaholo, the race, the running. Kahua, foundation, site. Kahue, the gourd. Kahui, junction. Kahuku, prominence. Kahuna, a priest. Kai, sea. » Kaiholena, banana. K^ihuiti, the small nose. Kaikahi, one sea. Kaikuono, bay. - Kailio, the dog. Kailiula, the red bark, red skin. Kailua, two seas. Kaimu^, the oven. Kaimuki, the oven for ti root. Kainalu, surf. GEOGEAPHIC NAMES. 601 Kainehe, the murmuring sea. Kaipapau, shallow sea. Kaiwi, the bone. Kaiwiki, quick sea. Kaiwilahilahi, the thin bone. Kakea, sugar loaf, Kakio, itch. Kala, (adj.) rough, prickly. Kala, end of a house. Kalae, the cape. Kalaehonu, cape of the turtle. Kalaeloa, the long cape. Kalaeokalaau, cape of the tree. Kalaeokapahu, cape of the drum. Kalaepohaku, rocky cape. Kalaheo, proud day. Kalahiki, the day of arrival. Kalala, the limb. Kalalau, blunder. Kalaloa, long day. Kalama, the torch. Kalamanamana, branching sun. Kalamaula, red torch. Kalapa, the ridge. Kalapamoa, the ridge of fowls. Kalaupapa, flat leaf of land. Kalawahine, woman's day. Kalehua, metrosideros tree. Kalehua-hakihaki, the broken metro- sideros tree. Kalepa, the flag. Kali, to wait. Kalihi, border, edge. Kalihikai, edge of the sea. Kalihiwai, edge of the water. Kaliu, bilgewater. Kaloi, taro patch. Kaloko, the fish pond. Kalokohonu, deep fish pond. Kalua, the pit or crater. Kaluahonu, deep pit. Kaluanui, great pit. Kalulu, calm. Kama, child. Kamalo', dry. Kamananui, great power. Kamani, a tree, Calophyllum inophyllum. Kamano, the shark. Kamaole, childless. Kamooakua, lizard god. Kamooiki, small lizard. Kamuku, cut short. Kanaueue, vibration, earthquake. Kaneloa, long cane. Kaneohe, bamboo cane. Kaohaoha, fond recollection. Kaohe, bamboo. Kaoma, oven. Kapaa, fast, firm. Kapaakea, whitish rock. Kapalama, fence of lama wood. Kapalepo, dijrty inclosure. Kapaloa, long inclosure. Kapano, dark colored. Kapapala, bird lime. Kapaula, red inclosure. Kapehu, swelling. Kapiwai, oozing water. Kapoho, chalk. Kapu, taboo. Kapua, flower. Kapuai, a foot. Kapualei, flower wreath. Kapukaiki, the small outlet. Kapuna, spring. Kapunakea, whitish limestone. Ka-u, the breast. Kaua, war. Kauamanu, war of birds. Kauaula, red war. Kauhale, village. Kauhiula, red yam. Kauku, the flea. Kaulana, famous. Kaumaha, heavy. Kaumalumalu, shady place. Kaupakulua, two ridgepoles. Kawai, the water. Kawaihae, wild stream. Kawaihoolana, the buoyant water. Kawaiiki, little water. Kawaikapu, forbidden water. Kawailoa, long water. Kawainui, great water. Kawaiolena, yellow. Kawaluna, upper space. Kawanui, great time. Kawela, heat, or hot. Kea, white, Kea Mauna, white mountain, Kea Puu, white hill. Keaa, burning. Keahua, mound or hillock. Kealahewa, wrong way. Kealahou, new road. Kealaikahiki, the way to Tahiti. Kealakaha, marked way. Kealakekua, path of the gods. 502 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Kealakomo, entering way. Kealia, salt pan. Keana, cave. Keanae, mullet. Keauhou, new time. Keawanui, great harbor. Keawaula, red harbor. Kee, crooked. Keekee, crooked. Kekualele, meteor, shooting star. Kele, muddy. Keokea, white. Ke'oke'o, white. Keolu, pleasant. Keoneula, red sand. Keopu, belly. Kepio, captive. Kepuhi, eel. Kewalo, outcry. Ki, a plant, Cordyline lerminalis. Kihe, sneeze. Kii, an image. Kikala, hips. Kiki, to plaster the hair with lime. Kilohana, surpassing. Kilolani, astrologer. Kini (adj.), numerous. Kipapa, pavement. Kapi (adj.), rebellious. Ko, sugar cane. Koa, a tree. Acacia koa. ]S;oa, a warrior. Koae, the tropic bird. Koaie, a species of koa tree. Koekoe, cold. Kohana, naked. Koheo, stiff. Kohola, a whale. Koholalele, leaping whale. Ko^i, an ax. Koko, blood. Koko, a calabash net. Kole, red, raw, uncooked. Kolea, plover. Kolekole, red earth, Koloa, wild duck. Kolu, three. Komo, to enter. Kona, leeward. Koolau, windward. Koolauloa, long Koolau. Koolaupoko, short Koolau, Kopili, white kapa. Kou, a tree, Cordia suhcordata. Kowa, a channel. Kowali, a swing rope. Kua, a back, a ridge. Kualoa, long ridge. Kuhua, hard, thick, as a liquid. Kukai Puu, dunghill. Kukui, a tree, Aleurites moluccana. Kukuikea, white Kukui. Kukuiula, red Kukui. Kukuluaeo, stilts, the stilt plover. Kula, dry upland. Kulani (Hill), heavenly stand. Kumu, foundation, the trunk of a tree, Kumukumu, short stumps. Kumunui, great foundation. Kumuula, red stump. Kunu, cough. Kupua, a magician, wizard. La, the sun. Laa, sacred. Laau, a tree, a plant, Laaumama, light tree. Lae, a cape. Lahilahi, thin. Lahui, a nation, a tribe, Laie, leaf of le, Freycinetia, Laimi, day of seeking. Lala, a branch. Lama, a torch, a tree, Maba sandvdcensis. Lamaloloa, long torch. Lamanui, great torch. Lani, the sky, heaven. Lapa, a narrow ridge. Lapakea, white ridge. Lau, a leaf. Launiupoko, short coconut leaf, Laupahoehoe, lava leaf. Lehu, ashes. Lei, a wreath, Lele, to fly, leap. Lena, yellow. Leo, voice. Lepo, dirt. Lepoloa, very dirty. Lihi, edge. Lilinoe, mist, fine rain. Lima, hand. Limu, moss. Liu, bilge water. Loa, long. Loa Puu, long hill, Loi, a taro patch. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. 503 Loihi, long. Loko, a fislipond. Lua, a crater, a pit. Lua, two. Luahine Puu, old woman's hill. Luku, slaughter. Lulu, to sow. Lupe, a kite. Luu, to dive. M. Maalo, to pass by. Mahana, warm. Mahoe, a twin. Mahoe Puu, twin hills. Mahukona, leeward stream or smoke. Mahuku, to run away, desert. Maile, a plant, Alyxia olivxformis. Maka, an eye. Makaeha, sore eye. Makaha, robbery. Makanalua, two presents. Makani, wind. Makapala, ripe. Makapuu, on the hill. Makau, a fishhook. Makaula, prophet. Makawao, on the upland. Makaweli, fearful eye. Makena, mourning for the dead. Makole; sore eye. Makua, parent. Malama, month. Mdlama, to take care of. Malino, calm. Maloo, dry. Main, shade. Mamalu, shade, screen. Mana, crumb of food, power. Manalo, brackish. Manawai, a branch of a stream. Manawainui, great time. Maneoneo, a beach grass. Maneoneo, to itch. Manienie, smooth, bermuda grass. Mano, a shark. Manoa, thick, broad. Manu, a bird. Manu Puu, bird hill. Mau, perpetual. Maulua, hard, difficult. Maumau, firm, perpetual. Mauna, a mountain. ■■ Mauna Kea, white mountain. Maunalei, mountain of wreatha. Mauna Loa, long mountain. Maunalua, two mountains. Maunaoni, moving mountain. Maunauna, waste. Mauu, grass. Meha, lonely. Mikimiki, brisk, quick. Mo'a, cooked. Moa, a fowl. Moakea, white fowl. Moana, ocean. Moanalua, two oceana. Moanalulu, smooth ocean. Moanui, great fowl. Moaula, red fowl. Moe, to lie down, to sleep. Moho, a wingless bird. Moku, an island, a district. Mokuhonua, district of level land. Mokuia, cut, divided. Mokuleia, a kind of fish. Mokupapa, level district. Mokupuni, an island. Moo, a lizard, a narrow strip of land. Mooloa, long strip. Muku, cut short. Muliwai, a river. N. Nahiku, seven lands. Naholoku, the garments. Nailiilipoko, short pebbles. Nakukuikea, white Kukui. Nakula, uplands. Nana, to look. Naniumalu, shady coconut trees. Nanue, to shake, tremble. Na Pali, the precipices. Nawiliwili, wiliwili tree, Erythrina. Nene, the wild goose. Nene Puu, goose hill. Nienie, smooth, calm. Niho, a tooth. Niu, a coconut tree. Niulii, small coconut tree. Niumalu, shady coconut tree. Niupuka, coconut tree with a hole through it. Noho, to sit, to remain. Nohoiki, little seat. Nui, great. 504 WATEE RESOURCES OP HAWAII. Nuku, bill of a bird. Nuku, a narrow entrance of a river or harbor. Nuu, a terrace, steps. Nuuanu, cool terraces. Nuuanu Pali, cool terraces cliffs. O. Ohe, bamboo. Ohia, a tree, Metrosideros, also Eugenia. Ohia Puu, hill of the Ohia, Tantalus. Ohulehule Puu, bald hill. Oio, a procession of ghosts. Ola, life. Olelo, to speak, a word. Olelomoana, voice from the ocean. Olepe, an oyster. Oli, to sing. Olohe, naked. One, sand. ' Oneloa, long sand beach. Ono, sweet. Oo, ripe. Oo, a bird, Acrulocercus nobilis, from which yellow feathers were taken. Opae, a shrimp. Opaeula, red shrimp. Opea, a cross. Opipi, a shellfish. Opu, the belly. Pa, a fence, an inclosure. Paa, fast, secure. Paakea, limestone. Paauau, bathing inclosure. Paauhau, tax yard, Pae, to land. Paheehee, slippery. Pahoa, dagger. Pahoehoe, smooth lava. Pahu, a stake, a box. Paia, fish yard. Paihi, a place where there is a waterfall only in rainy weather. Pailolo, channel. Paina, eating. Pala, a kind of fern. Pala, ripe. Palaau, wooden fence. Pali, a precipice. Palikea, whitish precipice. Palolo, clay. Pamoa, hen yard. Papa, flat, level. Papaa, tight, secure. Papaaloa, dried up, long, tight. Papai, a crab. Papohaku, stone wall. Pau, done, finished. Pauku, a piece. Pauku iki, small piece. Pauku nui, great piece. Pauwela, burned up. Pawaa, wild. Peahi, beckon. Pelekunu, strong-smelling. Piapia, sore eye. Piha, full. Pii, to ascend. Piihonua, rising land. Po, night. Poe, round. Pohakea, white rock. Pohaku, a rock. Pohakuau, swimming rock. Pohakuhaku, rocky. Pohakuloa, long rock. Poho, a dead calm. Poh6, to sink. Pohue, a kind of vine, Ipomea pescapras. Pokakupuka, pierced rock. Poko, short. Pola, the platform of a double canoe. Polapola, flowing robe. Polipoli, soft, porous rock. Poloke, fresh poi. Pololu, spear. Pouo, right. Po'o, head. Poopuaa, hog's head. Pou, post. Poupou, short. Pua, a flower. Puaa, a hog. Puaaloa, long pig. Puakea, pale, whitish. Puako, sugar-cane flower. Puanui, great flower. Puehu, to scatter. Pueo, an owl. Pueokahi, place of ow Is. Pubalanui, great Paudanus tree. Puhi, an eel, to blow. Puiwa, fright. Puka, an opening, a door. Pukalani, heavenly door. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. 605 Puleliu, t( bake. Puna, lime, coral. Punaluu, coral dived for. Punaula, red coral. Puowaina, hill of sacrifice. Pupil, a shell. Pupukea, white shell. Puu, a hill. Piiua, rain hill. Puuhune, hill of poverty. Puuiki, small hill. Puukala, rough hill. Puukole, red, or bare hill. Puulani, heavenly hill. Puulena, cool breeze. Puuloa, long hill. Puunui, big hill. Puuwaawaa, hill furrowed with gulches. U. U, the breast of a woman. Ua, rain. Uliane, a ghost. Uhi, a yam. Uhi, to cover. Uka, inland. Ula and Ulaula, red. Ulaula Puu, red hill. Uli and Uliuli, blue. Ulu, a breadfruit tree. Ulumalu, shady breadfruit trees. Umauma, breast. Upena, a net. Uuku, little. W. Waa, a canoe, a furrow, channel. Waawaa, gullied, furrowed. ^\kha, a mouth. Wahiawa, place of awa. Wahie, firewood. Wahikuli, deaf place. Wai, water. Waihu, a gushing fountain. Waiaka, laughing water. Waiakalna, water of the crater. Waiakea, open water. Waialae, water of the mud hen. Waialeale, rippling water. Waialua, two waters. Waianu, cold water. Waiapuka, deceitful water. Waiau, water to swim in. Waiau Loko, pond of water, Waiawa, bitter water. Waiea, water of the turtle. Waiehu, clear water. Waieli, water dug for. Waihee, water of flight. Waihi, waterfall. Waihonu, deep water. Waikaalulu, quick water. Waikaliekahe, flowing water. Waikane, water of cane. Waikapu, forbidden water. Waikele, muddy water. Waikiki, spurting water. Waikoekoe, chilly water. Waikoko, bloody water. Waikoloa, wild duck water. Waikolu, three waters. Wailau, four hundred streams. Wailau, many waters. Wailea, water of pleasure. Wailele, waterfall. Wailoa, long water. Wailua, two waters. Wailuaiki, little two waters. Wailuku, bloody or dirty water. Waimalu, shaded water. Waimanalo, brackish water. Waimano, many waters. Waimauu, bird water. Waimea, a kind of tree. Waimuku, water cut short. Wainaku, water of rushes. Wainiha, rude, wild water. Waiohinu, water of slime. Waioli, singing water. Waiomao, green water. Waioni, moving water. Waiono, sweet water. Waiopua, water of flowers. Waipio, curving water. Waipouli, water of darkness. Waipunalei, spring of wreaths. Waipunaula, red spring of water. Wanana, a prophecy. Wela, hot. Weliweli, terrible. Weliwelinui, great terror. Wiki, quick, swift. 506 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. PRINCIPAL WATERCOURSES, BY ISLANDS. KAUAL [Streams are arranged counterclockwise, beginning at the west. Tributaries indicated by indention.) Waimea River. Halemanu Stream. Kokee Stream. Poomau River. Kauaikanana Stream. Kawaikoi Stream. Waiakoali Stream. Mohihi Stream. Koaie River. Waialae River. Mokihana Stream. Makaweli River. Makuone Stream. Halekua Stream. Olokele River. Kahana Stream. Waipau Gulch. Aakukui Gulch. Mahinauli Gulch. Hanapepe River. Hiloa Stream. Manuahi Stream, Wahiawa Stream. Lawai Stream. Waikomo Stream. Huleia River. Kamooloa Stream. Haleaanahu Stream. Nawiliwili Stream. Hanamaula Stream. Wailua River. South Fork of Wailua River. Waiahi Stream. Wailua River — Continued. North Fork of Wailua River. Uhau lole Stream. Keahua Stream. Kawi Stream. Opaikaa Stream, Konohiki Stream. Kaehulua Stream. Kapaa River. Kapahi Stream, Kealia Stream. Anahola River. Keaoopu Stream. Papaa Stream. Moloaa Stream. Kilauea River. Pookumu Stream. Kalihiwai River. Anini Stream. Hanalei River. Waioli Stream, Waipa Stream. Lumahai River. Wainiha River. Limaluli Stream. Hanakapiai Stream. Hanakoa Stream. Kalalau Stream. Honopu Valley. Awaawapuhi Valley. Nuulolo Valley. Kaahole Valley. Milolii Valley. Makaha Valley. OAHtr. [Streams are arranged in clockwise order, beginning at the southeast.] Waialae Stream. Palolo Stream. Waiomao Stream. Pukele Stream, Manoa Stream. Makiki Stream. Nuuanu Stream. Pauoa Stream. West Branch of Nuuanu Stream. KaUhi Stream. Moanalua Stream, Halawa Stream. Aiea Stream. Kalauao Stream. Waimalu Stream, Waiawa Stream. Manana Stream, Waipahu Stream. Kipapa Gulch. Waikakalaua Stream, Waieli Gulch. Honouliuli Gulch, Mailiilii Stream. Waianae Stream. PEINCIPAL WATEECOUESES. 607 Makaha Stream. Kaukonahua Stream. North Fork of Kaukonahua Stream. South Fork of Kaukonahua Stream. Waikoloa Gulch. Mohiakea Gulch. Pulee Gulch. Poamoho Stream. Helemano Stream. Opaeula Stream. Anahulu Stream. Waimea River. Kaipapau Stream. Hauulu Stream. Kaluanui Stream. Punaluu Stream. Kahana Stream. Waikane Stream. Waiahole Stream. Waihi Stream. Halona Stream. Waianu Stream. Kaalaea Stream. Waihee Stream. Kahaluu Stream. Heeia Stream. Kaneohe Stream. Kawa Stream. Kailua Stream. Kahanaiki Stream. Waimanalo Stream. MAUI. [Streams are arranged as follows: West Maui, clockwise beginning at Waihee Stream at the northeast; East Maui, from west to east, and from Hana, west.] WEST MAUI. Waihee Stream. Waiehu Stream. North Waiehu Stream. South Waiehu Stream, lao Stream. Waikapu Stream. Manawainui Gulch. Ukumehame Stream. Olowalu Stream. Ijauniupoko Stream. Kauaula Stream. Kahoma Stream. I.ahainaluna Stream. Wahikuli Gulch. Honokart^ai Stream. Mailepai Stream. Honokahua Stream. Honolua Stream. Honokahau Stream. Keawalua Stream. Poelua Stream. Hononana Stream. Waihale Stream. Kahakuloa Stream. Mana Stream. Makamakaole Stream. EAST MAUI. Maliko Gulch. West Kuiaha Stream. Lilikoi Stream. East Kuiaha Stream. Manawaiiao. Uaoa Stream. Halehaku Stream. Opana Stream. Kapaalalaea Stream. Honopou Stream. Hoolawa Stream. Hoolawanui Stream. Hoolawaliilii Stream. Huelo Stream. Hoalua Stream. Hanawana Stream. Kailua Stream. Oanui Stream. Nailiilihaele Stream. Nailiilihaeleliilii Stream. Papaaea Stream. Oopuola Stream. Punaluu Stream. Kolea Stream. Waikamoi Stream. Alo Stream. Puohakamoa Stream. Haipuaena Stream. Kolea Stream. Honomanu Stream. Ulawina Stream. Nuaailua Stream. West Keanae Stream. East Keanae Stream. Wailuanui Stream. West Wailuaiki Stream. East Wailuaiki Stream. 508 WATEE KESOURCES OF HAWAII. Kopiliula Stream. Waiohue Stream. Paakea Stream. Waiaaka Stream. Kahaula Stream. Hanawi Gulch. Makapipi Gulcli. Kahawaihapapa Gulch. Kawaipapa Gulch. Waikapaia Gulch. Waiohomi Gulch. Mooiki Gulch. Kahanaiokapia Gulch. Waiohonu Gulch. Pukuilua Gulch. Papahanahana Gulch. Alaaloula Gulch. Waikakoi Gulch. Paihi Gulch. Manamana Stream. Honolewa Stream. Waieli Stream. Kaili Stream. Hahalawe Stream. Maluhonaiwi Stream. Puaaluu Stream. Oheo Stream. Kalewa Stream. Koukouai Stream. Opelu Stream. Kuikuiula Stream. Lelekeanu Stream. Lelekeoili Stream. Alelele Stream. Kalepa Stream. Nuanualoa Stream. Mokulau Stream. Manawainui Stream. HAWAU. [Streams are arranged from south to north, beginning at Hilo.J Wailuku River. Kapehu Stream. Awehi Stream. Pukihae Stream. Pohakunanaka Stream. Honolii River. Maili Stream. Kikola Stream. Pohakupaa Stream. Kumunuiakea Stream. Waipahoehoe Stream. Kapue (or Papaikou) Stream. Kaieie Stream. Aleamai Stream. Kalaoa Stream. Hanawai Stream. Onomea Stream.. Kawainui River. Waiaama Stream. Pepeekeo Stream, Kapeha Stream. Makoewai Stream. Makea Stream. Honomu Stream. Kapahehe Stream. Kolekole Stream. Kaahakini Stream. Hakalau Stream. Umauma Stream. Haunapueo Stream. Wailua Stream. Eeliui (Peleau) Stream. Opea Stream. Nanue Stream. Waiehu Stream. Waikaumalo Stream. Waimalino Stream. Pulili Stream. Kaleiiki Stream. Kapena Stream. Waikola Stream. Kaoheiki Stream. Ninole Stream. Puuohua Stream. Manoloa Stream. Poopoo Stream. Kahina Pukii Stream. Ahole Stream. Papaa (Kulanakii) Stream. Pohakupuka Stream. Huliilii Stream. Okole Stream. Puu Olii Stream. Maulua Stream. Koheaka Stream. Weloka Stream. Keaalau Stream. Kapehu Stream. Moanalulu Stream. Papaaloa Stream. Kihalani Stream. ' Hokumahoe Stream. GAZETTEEK. 509 Manowaiopae Stream. Puu Alaea Stream. Kilau Stream. Laupahoehoe Gulch. Waipunalei Gulch. Kawalii Gulch. Ookala Gulch. Paauilo Gulch. Numerous gulches between Ookala Gulch and Waipio River dry, except during or immediately after storms. Waipio River. Kawainui Stream. Waipio River — Continued. Alakahi Stream. Koiawe Stream. Waima Stream. Numerous small streams from Waipio River to Waimanu Stream. Waimanu Stream. Streams between Waimanu and Awini Streams. Awini Stream. Honokane Stream. Pololu Stream. Small streams north of Pololu Stream. GAZETTEER. Aahoaka, prominent hill, Lihue district, Kauai; between North and South forks of Wailua River; elevation, 805 feet. Aakukui, gulch, Waimea district, Kauai. Ahole, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Ahukini, sugar and freight landing on Hanamaulu Bay, Kauai. Aiea, land division in Government ownership, Ewa district, Oahu. Aiea, village and post office on East Loch of Pearl Harbor, Oahu; site of Honolulu Plantation Co.'s mill. Alakahi, tributary of Waipio River, Hamakua district, Hawaii; rises on northeastern slope of Kohala Mountains, entering Waipio River from the west. Alakai, swamp in extreme northern part of Waimea River basin; drains southward through tributaries of Waimea River. Alalakeiki, channel between Maui and Kahoolawe Islands; width, 6 sea miles. Aleamai, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea north of Papaikou. Alelele, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southwestern slope of Haleakala; flows southward into sea west of Kipahulu. Alenuihaha, channel between Maui and Hawaii Islands; width, 26 sea miles. Aliapaakai, salt lake near sea level in old crater, west of Honolulu, Oahu. Aliomanu, land division partly in Government ownership; Kawaihau district, Kauai. Alo, small stream, Hana district,- Maui; rises on northerii slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into Waikamoi Stream from the east; water taken into Spreckels ditch at Alo division weir. Amalu, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of West Maui, tributary to Honokawai Stream from the north. Anahola, bay at mouth of Anahola Stream, northeast Kauai. Anahola, land division in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Anahola, stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; rises on northern slope of Pueo Peak; flows eastward into Anahola Bay; water used for cane and rice irrigation. Anahola, village and landing on Anahola Bay, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Anahulu, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Mountains; flows northwestward into Waialua Harbor; water used for cane irrigation. Apua, land division in Government ownership. Puna district, Hawaii. Auau, channel between Maui and Lanai Islands; width, 7 sea miles. Auwahi, large land division, Hana district, Maui. A^wawaloa. (See Olympus.) Awehi, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on southeastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward, entering Wailuku Stream from the north. 510 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Awini, stream, Kohala district, Hawaii; rises on northern slope of Kohala Mountains; flows northward into sea east of Honokane Gulch. Barber's Point. (See Laeloa.) Barking Sands, range of windblown sand hills extending half a mile northward from Nohili Point, west Kauai. When thoroughly dry these sands emit a variety of resonant sounds whenever the grains are disturbed ; this phenomenon is a rare one, said to be common to only a few places in the world. Center ditch, diversion from Puohakamoa Stream, East Maui, extending westward across country on a gentle grade to Nailiilihaele Stream at the intake of Haiku and Lowrie ditches, and intercepting the various streams on its way. China, ditch, Hanalei district, Kauai; diverts water from the west side of Hanalei River for rice irrigation. Diamond Head (Leahi), prominent picturesque tufa-cone crater, forming most southern point of Oahu, just east of the city of Honolulu; the rim of the crater is a complete circle, with the highest point on the south side (elevation, 761 feet); lighthouse and military reservation from which firing of all forts on Oahu can be directed. Eah.ua, land division, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Eehui, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea near Honohina. Eke, crater peak on West Maui, a few miles north of Puu Kukui; elevation, 4,500 feet. Eleele, ditch, Koloa district, Kauai; diverts water from the west side of Wahiawa Stream for cane irrigation. Eleele, landing on Hanapepe Bay, South Kauai. Eleele, village and post office, Koloa district, Kauai. Ewa, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in south-central Oahu; population (1910), 14,627. Ewa Mill, town and post office, Ewa district, Oahu; site of Ewa Plantation Co.'s mill. Glenwood, village and terminus of Volcano branch of Hilo Railroad, about 9 miles from Kilauea Volcano. Haena, caves in cliff on Haena coast, north Kauai; large unexplored caves at sea level filled with sweet water; visited by tourists. Haena, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Haena, point west of Hanalei Bay, north Kauai. Hahalawe, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Halea- kala; flows southeastward into sea east of Kipahulu. Haiku, land division, Makawao district, Maui. Haiku, large land division, Lihue district, Kauai. Haiku, ditch. East Maui; heads in Nailiilihaele Stream near Kailua; extends westward across country on a rather steep grade to cane lands in the vicinity of Spreckelsville and Puunene, intercepting all streams on the way; length, about 30 miles; one of the earlier ditches on East Maui, now being reconstructed. Haiku, village and post ofiice, just east of Maliko Gulch, Maui. Haipuaena, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Spreckels ditch. Hakalau, land division, North Hilo district, Hawaii. Hakalau, small bay at mouth of Hakalau Gulch, east Hawaii. Hakalau, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows northeastward into sea at Hakalau. Hakalau, village, post office, and freight landing, South Hilo district, Hawaii. Halawa, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Halawa, large land division, eastern Molokai. Halawa, stream, eastern Molokai; rises at about 3,000 feet elevation; flows noth- eastward into sea through Hawala Gulch; water used for taro irrigation. GAZETTEEE. 511 Halawa, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows southwest- ward through Halawa Gulch to East Loch of Pearl Harbor; part of freshet flow used for cane irrigation. Haleakala, crater. East Maui; largest extinct crater in the world; area, 19 square miles; circumference, 20 miles; extreme length, 7.48 miles; extreme width, 2.37 miles; elevation of summit, 10,032 feet; depth, 2,000 feet. Haleakala, extinct volcanic mountain of East Maui; elevation of highest point, 10,032 feet; has largest crater in the world. Halehaku, large land division, Makawao district, Maui. Halehaku, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northward into sea through a deep gulch, contributing water to several of the East Maui ditches; principal tributary, Opana Stream, which enters from the west. Haleiwa, village and post office, Waialua district, Oahu. Halemanu, peak at upper end of Waimea Canyon, Kauai; elevation, 3,700 feet. Halemanu, small stream, upper Waimea basin, Kauai; westernmost tributary of Waimea River. Halemauraau, pit and lake of fire in floor of Kilauea Crater, Hawaii; level and dimensions of lake vary from time to time; ordinarily, level is about 250 feet below the rim of the pit, and the dimensions, 250 by 400 feet. Hamakua, district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in windward northern Hawaii; population (1910), 9,037. Hamakua (New), ditch, Hamakua district, Hawaii; diverting water from branches of Waipio River at about 1,000 feet elevation for cane irrigation. Hamakua (New), ditch, east Maui; begins at Alo division weir at the west end of Koolau ditch, taking two-thirds of the Koolau ditch water; extends westward across country on a gentle grade to serve the higher cane lands above Hamakua- poko, and the area to the west, intercepting all streams from Nailiilihaele west- ward. Haraakua (Old), ditch, east Maui; intake, originally in Nailiilihaele Stream, now abandoned as far as Lupi, where it crosses the New Hamakua ditch; extends westward from Lupi across country on steep grade to cane lands near Hamakua- poko. Ham,akua (Upper), ditch, Hamakua district, Hawaii; diverting water from branches of Waipio River at a high elevation for fluming and irrigation purposes. Hamakualoa, name of an old district on northeast slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Makawao district. Hamakuapoko, land division, Makawao district, Maui. Hamakuapoko, name of an old district on northern slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Makawao district. Hamakuapoko, village and post office, Makawao district, Maui; site of Maui Agri- cultural Co.'s mill. Hana, bay and landing, at eastern end of Maui. Hana, district, Maui County; political subdivision in southeastern Maui; population (1910), 3,241. Hana, village and post office, at east end of Maui; site of Kaeleku Sugar Co.'s mill. Hanahanapuni, a hill on divide between North and South forks of Wailua River, Kauai; elevation, 911 feet. Hanakaoo, land division, Lahaina district, Maui. Hanakapiai, short stream, Napali section, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into sea. Hanakoa, short stream, Napali section, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into sea. Hanalei, bay at mouth of Hanalei River, north Kauai. 512 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Hanalei, district, Kauai County; political subdivision in northern Kauai; popula- tion (1910), 2,457. Hanalei, large land division, chiefly in Government ownership, Hanalei district, Kauai. Hanalei, large stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; navigable for short distance above mouth; rises on northern slope of Waialeale; flows northward into Hanalei Bay; receives numerous short tributaries from east and west; water used for large area of rice land in Hanalei Valley. Hanalei, village, post office, and landing, Hanalei district, Kauai. Hanamaulu, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; rises on northern slope of Kilohana Crater; flow seastward into Hanamaulu Bay; water used for rice irrigation in lower part of valley. Hanamaulu, bay at mouth of Hanamaulu Stream, east Kauai. Hanamaula, ditch, Lihue district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of South Fork of ^^'ailua River for cane irrigation. Hanamaulu, large land division, Lihue district, Kauai. Hanamaulu, village, Lihue district, Kauai; site of Lihue Plantation Co.'s Hana- maulu Mill. Hanapepe, bay at mouth of Hanapepe River, south Kauai. Hanapepe, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from Hanapepe and Hiloa streams for cane irrigation. Hanapepe, falls on Hanapepe River, Kauai; height, 362 feet; distance from the sea, 8 miles. Hanapepe, large land division in Government ownership, Waimea and Koloa dis- tricts, Kauai. Hanapepe, river, forming boundary between Waimea and Koloa districts; rises on southern slope of Kawaikini; flows southwestward into Hanapepe Bay; receives flow of several tributaries from east and west; water used for cane and rice irri- gation. Hanapepe Falls are on this stream, about 8 miles from its mouth. Hanapepe, village and post office in Hanapepe Valley, Koloa district, Kauai. Hanawai, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows eastward into sea between Papaikou and Pepeekeo. Hanawana, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on the northern slope of . Haleakala; flows northward into sea, just west of Kailua; crossed by three East Maui ditches. Hanawi, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Nahiku ditch. Haunapueo, small tributary of Umauma Stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Haupo, peak on Koloa-Lihue divide, Kauai; elevation, 2,280 feet. Hauula, land division partly in Government ownership, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Hauula, settlement and hotel, Koolauloa district, Oahu; 31 miles from Honolulu. Hauulu, small stream, Koolauloa district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Mountains; 'flows northeastward into sea. Hawaii, county in Territory of Hawaii at southeastern end of group; includes only Hawaii Island; population (1910), 55,382. Hawaii, island at southeast end of group, 134 sea miles from Honolulu; consists of several mountain peaks 20 to 25 miles apart, with high intermontane areas; highest point, 13,825 feet; roughly triangular in shape; 90 miles long and 75 miles wide; area, 4,015 square miles; population (1910), 55,382; has two active craters, Kilauea being the largest active crater in the world; called the "Big Island." Hawi, Adllage, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Heeia, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. GAZETTEER. 513 Heeia, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows north- eastward into Kaneohe Bay; water used for rice irrigation. Heeia, village and post office, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Helemano, ditch diverting water from Poamoho and Helemano streams, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Helemano, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Mountains; flows northwestward into Kaiaka Bay; water used for cane irrigation. Hiilawe, high falls in Waipio Gulch; height, about 1,700 feet. Hilea, land division, Kau district, Hawaii. Hilea, village, Kau district, Hawaii. Hilo, large bay at mouth of Wailuku River, east Hawaii. Hilo, principal harbor on Hawaii Island; extensive improvements now Under way for the accommodation of all kinds of shipping. Hilo, town, beautifully situated on Hilo Bay, Hawaii; second largest in the Terri- tory; population, about 7,000. Hilo, N., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in central windward Hawaii; population (1910), including S. Hilo district, 22,545. Hilo, S., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in eastern Hawaii; popula- tion (1910), including N. Hilo district, 22,545. Hiloa, stream, Waimea district, Kauai; tributary to Hanapepe Stream from the west, below Hanapepe Falls. Hoaeae, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Hoalua, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northward into sea; crossed by three East Maui ditches. Hokukano, land division partly in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Hokumahoe, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Papaaloa. Holualoa, village and post office. North Kona district, Hawaii. Homestead, post office and store, Koloa district, Kauai. Honaunau, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Honaunau, small bay, South Kona coast, Hawaii. Honaunau, village and landing, South Kona district, Hawaii. Honohina, land division. North Hilo district, Hawaii. Honohina, village and freight landing, North Hilo district, Hawaii. Honoipu, freight landing. North Kohala district, Hawaii. Honokaa, town, post office, and freight landing, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Honokahau, land division, North Kona district, Hawaii. Honokahau, large ditch. West Maui, diverting water from Honokahau and Honolua streams; length, from intake to Honokawai weir, 13 miles; used for cane irri- gation. Honokahau, large land division in Lahaina district, Maui. Honokahau, long stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northern slope of West Maui near the summit; flows northward into sea; water diverted through Hono- kohau ditch for cane irrigation, and through other smaller ditches for taro irri- gation. Honokahau, village and post office on north coast of West Maui. Honokahua, large land division, Lahaina district, Maui. Honokahua, small stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of West Maui; flows northwestward, only flood waters reaching the sea. Honokaia, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Honokane, land division, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Honokane, stream, Kohala district, Hawaii; rises high up on northern slope of Kohala Mountains; flows northward into sea through Honokane Gulch. 74323°— WSP 318—13 33 514 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Honokawai, ditch diverting water from south side of Honokawai Stream, West Maui, for power and irrigation. Honokawai, large land division in Government ownership, Lahaina district, Maui. Honokawai, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of West Maui; flows northwestward into sea; receives the fl^ow of Amalu Stream from the north; water diverted for power and irrigation. Honokua, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Honolewa, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Haleakala; flows southeastward into sea, near Wailua. Honolii, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on upper eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward into sea a few miles north of Hilo; receives several tributaries, the largest of which is Maili Stream from the south. Honolua, landing on north coast of West Maui. Honolua, small stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of West Maui; flows northwestward into sea; water diverted through Honokohau ditch for cane irrigation. Honolulu, capital and metropolis of Hawaiian Islands, situated on the south coast of Oahu; population (1910), 52,183; port of call for all trans- Pacific steamers and home port for all interisland steamers. Honolulu, city and county in Territory of Hawaii, including only the island of Oahu; population (1910), 81,993. Honolulu, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in leeward southeastern Oahu; population (1910), 52,183. Honolulu, harbor on south coast of Oahu, best harbor in group and port of call for trans-Pacific steamers. Honomanu, large land division in Government ownership, Hana district, Maui. Honomanu, large stream, Hana district, Maui; rises high up on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea through a very deep gulch which extends considerable distance back from sea; supplies water to Spreckels ditch. Honomilino, land division, partly in Government ownership. South Kona district, Hawaii. Honomu, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea south of Honomu post office. Honomu, village, post office, and freight landing. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Honopou, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on the north slope of Halea- kala; flows northward into sea, crossing four East Maui ditches. Honouliuli, large land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Honouliwai, land division in Government ownership, southeastern Molokai. Honuapo, village, freight and passenger landing, Kau district, Hawaii. Honuaula, homestead section. North Kona district, Hawaii. Honuaula, name of old district in the southwestern part of East Maui; now included in Makawao district. Hookena, land division, South Kona district, Hawaii. Hookena, village, post office, and passenger landing, South Kona district, Hawaii. Hoolawa, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on the northern slope of Haleakala; flows northward into sea, crossing four East Maui ditches. Hoolehua, large land division in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Hoopuloa, village, post office, and passenger landing. South Kona district, Hawaii. Hualalai, mountain, western Hawaii; elevation, 8,275 feet; like Mauna Kea, it has no crater on its summit. Huehue, village. North Kona district, Hawaii. Huelo, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northward into sea, west of Huelo village; crosses thr.ee East Maui ditches. Huelo, village and post office, East Maui. GAZETTEER. 515 Huleia, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; rises on eastern slope of main divide; flows southeastward to Nawiliwili Bay; water used for cane irrigation. Huliilii, very small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Humuula, very large and long land division in Government ownership, North Hilo district, Hawaii. lao, large land division, Wailuku district, Maui. lao, large stream, Wailuku district, Maui; rises near summit of East Maui; flows east- ward through deep canyon and valley into sea; receives the flow of several tribu- taries; water diverted through several ditches for cane and taro irrigation. lao, picturesque amphitheater valley. West Maui; length (above Wailuku), about 5 miles; width, 1 to 2 miles; depth, near head, about 4,000 feet; elevation of Puu Kukui, overlooking valley, 5,790 feet; called the " Yosemite of Hawaii." Kaahakini, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea just south of Hakalau post office. Kaala, peak, Waianae Range, West Oahu; elevation, 4,030 feet; highest point on island of Oahu. Kaalaea, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Kaalaea, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows east- ward into Kaneohe Bay; water used for rice irrigation. Kaanapali, landing on west coast of West Maui. Kaanapali, name of an old district on north side of West Maui; now included in Lahaina and Wailuku districts. Kaapahu, homestead section, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Kaapuna, land division, South Kona district, Hawaii. Kaawaloa, land division, South Kona district, Hawaii. Kaehulua, small stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; flows eastward into sea; water used for cane irrigation. Kaena, land division in Government ownership, Waialua district, Oahu. Kaena, sharp point at west end of Oahu. Kahakuloa, large land division in Government ownership, Wailuku district, Maui. Kahakuloa, point on northeast coast of West Maui, at mouth of Kahakuloa Valley. Kahakuloa, stream, Wailuku district, Maui; rises on northern slope of west Maui; flows northeastward into sea; water used for taro irrigation. Kahakuloa, village at mouth of Kahakuloa Valley, East Maui. Kahaluu, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Kahana, land division, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Kahana, stream in central Waimea basin, Kauai; tributary to Olokele River from the north. Kahana, stream, Koolauloa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows north- eastward into Kahana Bay; water used for irrigation. Kahana, village and post office, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Kahanahaiki, land division in Government ownership, Waianae district, Oahu. Kahanui, land division, central Molokai. Kahaualea, large land division, Puna district, Hawaii. Kahauiki, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu; U. S. Military Reservation. Kahaula, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Nahiku ditch. Kahauloa, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kaha-walhapapa, deep gulch east of Nahiku, East Maui. Kahikinui, name of an old district on the southeastern slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Hana district. Kahili, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. 516 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH, Kahili, peak on the main divide at the head of Huleia River, Kauai; elevation, 3,016 feet. Kahina Pukii, very small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Kahoma, ditch diverting water from north side of Kahoma Stream, West Maui; for cane irrigation. Kahoina, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on western slope of West Maui; flows westward into sea; receives the flow of Lahainaluna Stream from the south; water diverted for cane irrigation through Kahoma ditch. Kahoola-we, island in public ownership south of Maui nnd 6 s^a miles distant; highest point, 1,472 feet; area, 44 square miles; population (1910), 2; included in Maka- wao district, Maui County. Kahuku, land division in Koolauloa district, Oahu. Kahuku, point, at north end of Oahu. Kahuku, very large land division in Kau district, Hawaii; extends from sea to sum- mit of Mauna Loa. Kahuku, village and post office, Koolauloa district, Oahu; site of Kahuku Planta- tion Co.'s mill; northern terminus of Oahu Railroad, 69^ miles from Honolulu by rail. Kahului, bay and harbor, on north coast of Maui. Kahului, town and post office, on Kahului Harbor, Maui; chief shipping port for Maui. Kaiaka, small bay at mouth of Kaukonahua Stream, northwest Oahu. Kaieie, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea near Papaikou. Kaieiewaho, channel between Oahu and Kauai Islands; width, 63 sea miles; also called Kauai Channel. Kaiholena, land division, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Kaili, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Haleakala; flows southeastward into sea. Kailua, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Kailua, principal bay, north Kona coast, Hawaii. Kailua, settlement, east of Huelo (post office, Huelo), East Maui. Kailua, shallow bay at mouth of Kailua Stream, east Oahu. Kailua, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in southern Koolau Mountains; flows northeastward into Kawainui Swamp, and thence into the sea; receives numerous tributaries in the upper part of its course; water used for rice irrigation. KaUua, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises high up on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to two East Maui ditches; principal tributary, Oanui Stream. Kailua, village and post office on Kailua Bay, North Kona district, Hawaii. KairD,uki, hill and residential section of Honolulu, Oahu, just back of Diamond Head; elevation, 291 feet. Kainaliu, village, North Kona district, Hawaii. Kai o Kalohi, channel between Molokai and Lanai Islands; width, 7 sea miles. Kaipapau, land division partly in Government ownership, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Kaipapau, small stream, Koolauloa district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Moun- tains; flows northeastward into sea. Kai-wi, channel between Oahu and Molokai Islands; width, 23 sea miles. Kai"wiki, land division in Government ownership. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Kakaako, low flat section of Honolulu on the water front, Oahu, east of harbor. Ka Lae, extreme southern point of Hawaii. Kalaheo, land division, partly in Government ownership, Koloa district, Kauai. Kalaluki, land division, South Kona district, Hawaii. GAZETTEEK. 517 Kalala, land division in Goveniment ownership, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Kalalau, short stream, Napali section, Hanaiei district, Kauai; flows northward into sea through the deep and narrow canyon of the same name. Kalamaula, large land division in Government ownership, south central Molokai. Kalaoa, very small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea north of Papaikou. Kalapaki, land division, Xihue district, Kauai. Kalapana, village. Puna district, Hawaii. Kalauao, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Kalauao, small stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows south- westward into East Loch of Pearl Harbor. Kalaupapa, land division in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Kalaupapa, landing, town, and "post office of leper settlement, northern Molokai; population of settlement, about 1,000; lepers are cared for by the Government. Kalawao, county in Territory of Hawaii, including only the leper settlement on the peninsula, north coast of Molokai; population, about 1,000. Kalawao, land division in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Kalehuahakihaki, peak in Waimea River basin, Kauai; elevatiim, 3,548 feet. Kalena, peak, Waianae Range, West Oahu; elevation, 3,507 feet, Kalepa, ridge in eastern Kauai near the sea; elevation, 700 feet. Kaliali, land division in Makawao and Wailuku districts, Maui. KaKhi, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. KaKhi, shallow arm of the ocean on south coast of Oahn. KaliM, stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows south- westward into Kalihi Inlet; water used for taro irrigation. Kalilii, western section of Honolulu City, Oahu. Kalihikai, land division, Hanaiei district, Kauai. Kalihiwai, bay at mouth of Kalihiwai Stream, North Kauai. Kalihiwai, large land division, Hanaiei district, Kauai. Kalihiw^ai, large stream, Hanaiei district, Kauai; rises on western slope of Pueo Peak; flows northward into Kalihiwai Bay; has few tributaries; water used for rice irrigation. KaUliiwai, village and landing on Kalihiwai Bay, Hanaiei district, Kauai. Kaloko, land division. North Kona dist.ict, Hawaii. Kaluakoi, large land division, western Molokai. Kaluanui, ditch, east Maui; heads in Opana Stream, well up the mountain slope; extends westward across country to junction with New Hamakua ditch above Hamakuapoko. Kaluanui, land division, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Kaluanui, stream, Koolauloa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows north- eastward into sea; water used f<3r irrigation. Kama, auwai, or old Hawaiian ditch, diverting water from south side of lao Stream, west Maui, for irrigatioc . Kamaio, land division, southern Molokai. Karaakou, peak at the head of Pelekunu and Wailau gulches, Molokai; elevation, 4,958 feet. «^ Kamalomalo, land division in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Kamananui, ditch diverting water from north side Anahulu Stream, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Kamananui, large land division, Waialua district, Oahu. Kamaoa, land division in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Kumaole, large land division, Makawao district, Maui. Kamenehune, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from ihe west side of Waimea River for taro irrigation. 518 WATER RESOURCES OE HAW AH. Kamilolo, land division in Government ownership, south-central Molokai. Kamoaraoa, land division, Puna district, Hawaii. Kamoku, land division in Government ownership, Hsimakua district, Hawaii. Kamooloa, ditch, Koloa district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of Kamooloa Stream (tributary to Huleia Stream) for cane irrigation. Kamooloa, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to Huleia, Stream from the north; water used for cane irrigation. Kanaha, ditch, Lihue district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of North Fork of Wailua River for cane irrigation . Kanaio, large land division in Government ownership, Makawao district, Maui. Kaneha, ditch, Kiiwaihau district, Kauai; diverts water from the north side of Kealia Stream for cane irrigation. Kaneohe, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Kaneohe, large shallow bay on east coast of Oahu; receiving drainage from Kaneohe, Heeia, Kahaluu, Waihee, Kalaea, Waiahole, and Waikane streams. This bay is full of coral growth, allowing only smallest craft to enter. Kaneohe, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows northeastward into Kaneohe Bay; water used for rice ii'rigation. Kaneohe, village, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Kaohe, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Kaohe, very large land division in Government ownership, in Hamakua district, Hawaii; includes summit of Mauna Kea and land westward to summit of Mauna Loa. Kaohelki, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Waikaumalo Stream. Kaonoulu, large land division, Wailuku and Makawao districts, Maui. Kapaa, large land division in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Kapaa, stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; rises on eastern slope of Kapehuala Peak; flows eastward into sea; receives flow of Kealia Stream from the north; water used for cane irrigation. Kapaa, village of homesteaders, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Kapaakea, land division in Government ownership, south-central Molokai. Kapaalalaea, small stream, Makawao districtj Maui; rises on northern slope of Halea- kala; flows northward into sea east of Halehaku Gulch; crossed by four of East Maui ditches. Kapaau, village, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Kapahehe, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea north of Honomu post office. Kapahi, ditch, Kawaihau district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of Kapaa Stream for cane irrigation. Kapahulu, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Kapaia, village, Lihue district, Kauai. Kapalama, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Kapalama, section of Honolulu City, Oahu; settled mainly by the poorer classes. Kapalaoa, peak on main divide east of Hanapepe Falls and west of Kilohana Crater, Kauai; elevation, 3,436 feet. Kapapala, very large land division in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Kapeha, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea just north of Pepeekeo post office. Kapehu, stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea just north of Maulua Gulch. Kapehu, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on southeastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward into Wailuku Stream from the north. Kapehuala, peak on Kapaa-Kalihiwai divide, Kauai; elevation, 3,130 feet. GAZBTTEEB. 519 Kapoho, land division, Puna district, Hawaii. Kapoho, village. Puna district, Hawaii. Kapua, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kapue, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward into sea at Papaikou. Kau, desert section in Kapapala land division, Kau district, Hawaii, south of Kilauea Volcano. Kau, district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in southern Hawaii; population (1910), 4,078. Kauai, channel between Oahu and Kauai islands; width, 63 sea miles; also called Kaieiewaho Channel. Kauai, county in Territory of Hawaii at northwest end of main group ; includes Kauai and Niihau islands and a few small islets; population (1910), 23,952. Kauai, island at northwest end of main group, 98 sea miles from Honolulu; single mountain, highest point, 5,170 feet; nearly circular, 25 to 30 miles across; area, 547 square miles; population (1910), 23,744; called the "Garden Island." Kauaikanana, small stream, upper Waimea basin, Kauai; tributary to Poomau River from the north. Kauaula, ditch, diverting water from north side of Kauaula Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Kauaula, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on western slope of West Maui; flows westward into sea; water diverted through Piilani, Kauaula, and other ditches for cane irrigation. Kau-Hilo, long ditch proposed for taking water from Hilo district around by the vol- cano into Kau district for irrigation; approximate length, 100 miles; estimated cost, $3,500,000. Kauhola, prominent point on Kohala coast, Hawaii. Kauhuuh.uulu, land division, Kau district, Hawaii. Kauiki Head, prominent point, on east coast of East Maui, south of Hana Bay. Kaukonahua, large stream, Waialua district, Oahu; formed by junction of North and South forks of Kaukonahua Stream; flows northwestward into Kaiaka Bay; receives several small tributaries from Waianae Mountains from the west and Poamoho Stream near its mouth from the east; water used for cane irrigation. Kaukonahua, North Fork, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows south westward, joining South Fork of Kaukonahua Stream to form Kaukonahua Stream; water stored in Wahiawa reservoir for irrigation. Kaukonahua, South Fork, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows westward, joining North Fork of Kaukonahua Stream to form Kaukonahua Stream; water stored in Wahiawa reservoir for irrigation. Kaulanamauna, land division in Government ownership. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kaunakakai, harbor and landing, on south -central coast of Molokai. Kaunakakai, large land division, south-central Molokai. Kaunamano, land division, Kau district, Hawaii. Kaunuohua, peak at head of Pelekunu Gulch, Molokai; elevation, 4,535 feet. Kaunuohua, ridge forming northern boundary of Waimea Basin, Kauai; highest point, Pihea Peak; elevation, 4,150 feet. Kaupo, name of old district on southern slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Hana district. Kaupo, gap in the southeastern end of Haleakala Crater, West Maui, through which the last flow from the crater passed southward . Kaupo, village, post office, and landing; on south coast of East Maui. Kaupulehu, large land division. North Kona district, Hawaii. Kawaihae, bay, South Kohala coast, Hawaii. 520 WATER RESOURCES OP HAWAII. Kawaihae, large land division, partly in Government ownership, South Kohala district, Hawaii. Kawaihae, village, post office, and landing, South Kohala district, Hawaii. Kawaihapai, land division, Waialua district, Oahu. Kawaih.au, district, Kauai County; political subdivision in northeastern Kauai; population (1910), 2,580. KawaikLni, peak south of Waialeale Peak, Kauai; elevation, 5,170 feet; highest point on Kauai. Kawaikoi, stream, upper Waimea Basin, Kauai; rises in Alakai Swamp; flows south- westward to Poomau River (tributary to Waimea River). Kawailoa, land division, Waialua district, Oahu. Kawainui, principal tributary of Waipio River, Hamakua district, Hawaii; rises on northeastern slope of Kohala Mountains. Kawainui, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on upper eastern slope of Mauna Kea;- flows eastward into sea, south of Pepeekeo. Kawainui, swamp in Kailua Stream basin, East Oahu; draining into Kailua Bay. Kawaipapa, deep gulch near Hana, East Maui. Kawaipapa, large land division in Government ownership; Hana district, Maui. Kawalii, small stream in large deep gulch on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hilo district, Hawaii; most northern permanent stream running continuously in Hilo district, south of Waipio Stream. Kawela, large land division, south central Molokai. Kawi, small stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to North Fork Wailua River from the north. Keaalau, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows northeastward into sea. Keaau, land division in Government ownership, Waianae district, Oahu. Keaau, large land division, Puna district, Hawaii. Keaau (Nine Miles), village, near Olaa Sugar Mill, several miles south of Hilo, Hawaii . Keahalaka, land division, Puna district, Hawaii. Keahole, most western point of Hawaii. Keahua, small stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to North Fork of Wailua River from the north. Keahuolu, land division, North Kona district, Hawaii. Kealaikahiki, channel between Lanai and Kahoolawe Islands; width, 16 sea miles. Kealakekua, historic bay. South Kona coast, Hawaii. Kealakekua, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kealakekua, village and post office near Kealakekua Bay, North Kona district, Hawaii. Kealia, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kealia, large land division, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Kealia, stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; rises on eastern slope of Pueo Peak; flows eastward, entering Kapaa River from the north; water used for cane irrigation and power. i Kealia, village, post office, and landing, Kawaihau district, Kauai; site of Makee's Sugar Co.'s mill. Keanae, landing, village, and post office, on north coast of East Maui. K^anae, large land division in Government ownership, Hana district, Maui. Keanae, large stream, Hana district, Maui; formed by East and West branches; rises high up on northeastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea near Keanae village; supplies water to Koolau ditch. Keaoopu, small tributary to Anahola Stream from the north, Kawaihau district, Kauai. GAZETTEER. 621 Keauhou, large land division, including larger part of Kilauea Crater, Kau district, Hawaii. Keauhou, small bay. North Kona coast, Hawaii. Keauhou, very large land division, in North and South Kona districts, Hawaii. Keauhou, village and post office, North Kona district, Hawaii. Keei, land division. South Kona district, Hawaii. Kehana, bay at mouth of Kahana Stream, East Oahu. Kekaha, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from the east side of Waimea River for cane irrigation on the west side. Kekaha, village and post office, Waimea district, Kauai; site of Kekaha Sugar Co.'s mill. Kelana, ditch diverting water from north side of lao Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Keokea, large land division in Government ownership, Makawao district, Maui. Kepkea, point on south side of Hilo Bay, Hawaii. Kiaiakua, small stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into sea. Kihalani, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Papaaloa. Kihei, village, post office, and landing on west coast of East Maui, south of Kahului Harbor. Kiholo, bay, north Kona coast, Hawaii. Kikola, small tributary to Honolii Stream, near Hilo, Hawaii. Kilau, very small stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering gea south of Laupahoehoe Gulch. Kilauea, crater on the southeastern slope of Mauna Loa, Hawaii; elevation, nearly 4,000 feet; largest active crater in the world; area, 4.14 square miles; circumfer- ence, 7.85 miles; extreme width, 1.95 miles; extreme length, 2.93 miles; contains the Pit, Halemaumau, with its lake of fire; one of the great natural wonders of the world, which will be included in the proposed Kilauea National Park. Kilauea, large land di\'ision, Hanalei district, Kauai. Kilauea, small bay at mouth of Kilauea Stream, northeast Kauai. Kilauea, stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; rises on northern slope of Mount Nama- hana; flows northward into Kilauea Bay; water used for irrigating cane. Kilauea, village and post ofiice, Hanalei district, Kauai; site of Kilauea Sugar Plan- tation Co.'s mill. Kilohana, point on northern edge of Alakai Swamp overlooking Wainiha Canyon, Kauai; elevation, 4,023 feet. Kilohana, tufa crater, Lihue district, Kauai; elevation, 1,100 feet. Kiomakaa, land division partly in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Kipahoehoe, land division in Government ownership, South Kona district, Hawaii. Kipahulu, landing, village, and post oiBce, on south coast of East Maui; site of Kipa- hulu Sugar Co.'s mill. Kipahulu, name of old district on southeastern slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Hana district. Kipapa, ditch, diverting freshet water from east side of Kipapa Stream, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Kipapa, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows southward joining Waikakalaua Stream to form Waipahu Stream; freshet water used for cane irrigation . Kipu, land division, Lihue district, Kauai. Koaie, stream, north-central Waimea basin, Kauai; rises 6n western slope of main divide; flows southwestward to Waimea River through a deep, picturesque canyon which extends nearly to its source. 522 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Kohala, ditch diverting water from the west side of Awini and Honokane streams, Kohala district, Hawaii, for cane irrigation. Kohala, mountain range., northern Hawaii; deeply eroded on northern slopes; highest elevation, 5,489 feet. Kohala, village and post office, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Kohala, N., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in northern Hawaii; pop- ulation (1910), 5,398. Kohala, S., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in northwestern Hawaii; population (1910), 922. Kohala (upper), ditch diverting water at a high elevation from Honokane Stream, Kohala district, Hawaii, for cane irrigation. Koheake, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea just north of Maulua Gulch. Koholalele, freight landing, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Koholalele, land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Koiawe, tributary of Waipio River, Hamakua district, Hawaii; rises on northern slope of Kohala Mountains, entering Waipio River from the west. Kokee, small stream, upper Waimea Basin, Kauai; tributary to Waimea River from the north. Koko Head, two prominent tufa craters, southeast Oahu; elevation of higher, 1,205 feet; elevation of lower, 644 feet. Kolea, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; formed by several branches which supply water to Spreckels ditch. Kolekole, pass in Waianae Range, West Oahu; between Leilehua Military Reserva- tion and Lualualei Valley on the south. Kolekole, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows eastward into sea a short distance north of Honomu post office. Koloa, district, Kauai County; political subdivision in southern Kauai east of Hana- pepe River and south of Haupu Ridge; population (1910), 5,769. Koloa, landing, South Kauai. Koloa, large land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Koloa, stream, Koloa district, Kauai; rises on southern slope of main divide; flows southward into sea. Koloa, village and post office, Koloa district, Kauai; site of Koloa Sugar Co.'s mill. Kona, N., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in western Hawaii; popula- tion (1910), 3,377. Kona, S., district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in southwestern Hawaii; population (1910), 3,191. Konahuanui, peak, Koolau Range, East Oahu; south of Nuuanu Pali Pass; eleva- tion, 3,105 feet. KonohiM, small stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; flows eastward into sea; water used for irrigation. Koclau, ditch, East Maui; begins at weir near Kopiliula, at mouth of Nahiku ditch; extends westward across country to division weir at Alo Stream, intercepting the streams east of Honomanu Stream. Koolau, gap in north rim of Haleakala Crater, West Maui, through which later lava streams poured into Keanae Valley. Koolau, name of old district on northeastern slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Hana district. Koolauloa, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in north- eastern Oahu; population (1910), 3,204. Koolaupoko, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in wind- ward southeastern Oahu; population (1910), 3,251. GAZETTEEB. 523 Kopiliula, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northeastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Koolau ditch. Koukouai, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southwestern slope of Halea- kala; flows southeastward into sea near Kipahulu. Kuiaha, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of Halea- kala; flows into sea east of Maliko Gulch; crossed by four or five East Maui ditches, Kuikuiula, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Halea- kala; flows southeastward into sea west of Kipahulu. Kukaiau, land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Kukaiau, village, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Kukuihaele, village, post office, and freight landing, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Kuknipahu, land division. North Kohala district, Hawaii. Kulanakii (Papaa), stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Kula, name of an old district on western slope of Haleakala, East Maui; now included in Makawao district. Kula pipe line, domestic water-supply system for upper, western, and southern slopes of Haleakala, Maui; intake at Puohakamoa Stream at about 4,500 feet elevation; length of main line, 25 to 30 miles. Kuliouou, land division, partly in Government ownership, Honolulu district, Oahu. Kumukahi, cape, extreme eastern point of Hawaii. Kumukahi, channel between Kauai and Niihau Islands; width, 15 sea miles. Kumunuiakea, small stream on lower southeastern slope of Mauna Kea, entering the sea near Papaikou, Hawaii. Kima, ditch, Hanelei district, Kauai; diverts water from the east side of Hanalei River for rice irrigation. Kurtistown (Olaa), village and post office, Puna district, Hawaii. Laeloa, or Barbers Point, low flat area at southwest comer of Oahu. Lahaina, district, Maui County; political subdivision in leeward West Maui, includ- ing Lanai Island; population (1910), 4,918. Lahaina, open roadstead and landing off west coast of West Maui. Lahaina, village and post office, on west coast of West Maui; formerly the old capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom; site of Pioneer Mill Co.'s sugar factory. Lahainaluna, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on western slope of West Maui; flows westward into Kahoma Stream from the south; water diverted for municipal and irrigation purposes. Laie, land division in Koolauloa district, Oahu. Laie, small bay on northeast coast of Oahu. Laie, village and post office, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Lalakea, land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Lalamilo, land division in Government ownership, South Kohala district, Hawaii. Lamaloloa, land division, partly in Government ownership, North Kohala district, Hawaii. Lanai, island in private ownership south of Molokai, west of Maui, more than 50 sea miles southeast of Honolulu; 18 miles long, 10 miles wide; highest point, 3,400 feet; area, 139 square miles; population (1910), 131; included in Lahaina dis- trict, Maui County. Lanihnli, peak, Koolau Range, East Oahu; north of Nuuanu Pali Pali Pass; eleva- tion, 2,781 feet. Launiupoko, ditch diverting water from north side of Launiupoko Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Launiupoko, large land division in Government ownership, Lahaina district, Maui. Launiupoko, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on southwestern slope of West Maui; flows southwestward into sea; water diverted through several ditches for cane irrigation. 524 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Laupahoehoe, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Laupahoehoe, large land division, partly in Government ownership, North Hilo dis- trict, Hawaii. Laupahoehoe, small stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea through a deep gulch of the same name at Laupahoehoe. Laupahoehoe, village, post office, and passenger landing. North Hilo district, Hawaii. Lawai, land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Lawai, stream, Koloa district, Kauai; flows southward into sea. Lawai, village, Koloa district, Kauai; site of pineapple cannery. Leahi. (See Diamond Head.) Leleiwi, point east of Hilo Bay, Hawaii. LepeuH, small land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Lihue, district, Kauai County; political subdivision in southeastern Kauai; popula- tion (1910), 4,951. Lihue, ditch, Lihue district, Kauai; diverts water from south side of Waiahi Stream (tributary to South Fork of Wailua River) for cane irrigation. Lihue, town and post office, Lihue district, Kauai; county seat of Kauai County. LimaluH, short stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into sea. Lowrie, ditch. East Maui; heads in Nailiilihaele Stream, near Kailua at about the same elevation as Haiku ditch; extends westward across country on a gentle grade to cane lands around Hamakuapoko, intercepting all streams on the way; length, about 22 miles. Lualailua, large land division in Government ownership, Hana district, Maui. Lualualei, land division partly in Government ownership, Waianae district, Oahu. Lumahai, large land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Lumahai, large stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; rises on northern slope of Waialeale; flows northward into sea; receives numerous short tributaries from east and west; water used for irrigating rice and taro in lower part of valley. Maalaea, bay, on south side of peninsula, Maui. Mahaulepu, land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Mahinauli, gulch, Waimea district, Kauai. Mahukona, village, post office, and landing. North Kohala district, Hawaii. Mailepai, small stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of West Maui; flows northwestward, only flood waters reaching the sea. Maili, large stream on southeastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, tributary to Honolii Stream from the south. Makaha, land division, Waianae district, Oahu. Makahanaloa, long land division. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Makaka, land division, partly in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Makanalua, land division in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Makapala, village. North Kohala district, Hawaii. Makapipi, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea near Nahiku; most eastern stream supplying water to the East Maui ditch system. Makapuu, point at southeast end of Oahu; site of lighthouse. Makawao, district, Maui County; political subdivision in central East Maui, includ- ing Kahoolawe Island; population (1910), 8,857. Makawao, land division, Makawao district, Maui. Makawao, village and post office on northwestern slope of Haleakala, Maui. Makaweh, large land division, Waimea district, Kauai. MakaweU, short river in southern Waitnea basin, Kauai; formed by Olokele and Makuone streams; flows southwest ward, entering Waimea River from the east about a mile frona the sea; water used for rice irrigation. GAZETTEEB. 525 Makaweli, village and post office, Waimea district, Kauai; site of Hawaiian Sugar Co.'s mill. Makea, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea north of Pepeekeo post office. Makena, landing, village, and post office, on west coast of East Maui. MakiM, land division in Government ownership, Honolulu district, Oahu. Makiki, residential section, and valley back of, Honolulu, Oahu. Makiki, small stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises on the southern slope of Tantalus Peak, Koolau Range; flows southward into sea; one source of Honolulu water supply. Makoewai, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea north of Pepeekeo post office. Makua, land division in Government ownership, Waianae district, Oahu. Makuone, stream, central Waimea basin, Kauai; rises on western slope of Waialeale; flows southwestward to junction with Olokele River to form Makaweli River. Malaekahana, land division, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Maliko, stream, Makawao district, Maui, rises on northwestern slope of Haleakala; flows northwestward through a deep gulch into sea; crossed by five ditches, to which it contributes water, especially at flood stages. Mamolokama, peak south of Hanalei Bay, Kauai. Mana, low, swampy area at west end of Kauai. Manana, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Manawaiiao, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northwestern slope of Halea- kala; flows northwestward into sea east of Maliko Gulch; crossed by four or five East Maui ditches. Manawainui, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southern slope of Haleakala; flows southward into sea west of Kipahulu. Maniania, ditch diverting water from north side of lao Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation on both sides of lao Valley. Manoa, important stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises on southern slope of Kona- huanui Peak, Koolau Range; flows southward into sea; receives several small tributaries; water used for taro irrigation. Manoa, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Manoa, residential section of Honolulu, in Manoa Valley, Oahu. Manoloa, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Manowaialee, land division, partly in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii . Manowaiopae, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; entering sea south of Laupa- hoehoe Gulch. Manuahi, stream, Waimea district, Kauai; tributary to Waimea River from the west. . Manuka, large land division in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Mapulehu, land division, southeastern Molokai. Maui, county in Territory of Hawaii including the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe; population (1910), 30,547. Maui, island southeast of Oahu and 72 sea miles from Honolulu; consists of two high mountains connected by low peninsula 8 miles in width; highest point, 10,032 feet, in East Maui; irregular in shape, 48 miles long, 30 miles wide; area, 728 square miles; population (1910), 28,623; called the "Valley Isle." Maulua, large land division. North Hilo district, Hawaii. Maulua, small bay at mouth of Maulua Gulch, East Hawaii. Maulua, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows northeastward through a very deep gulch into sea. 526 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Mauna Kea, mountain in northeastern Hawaii; elevation, 13,825 feet, highest island mountain in the world; does not culminate in a single prominent peak, but haa a summit platform upon which rise many huge cinder cones. Mauna Loa, highest peak, west Molokai; elevation, 1,382 feet. Mauna Loa, mountain, south-central Hawaii; elevation, 13,675 feet; unique in hav- ing a crater, Mokuaweoweo — the second largest active volcano in the world — sunk in its summit platform. Maunalua, bay between Diamond and Koko heads, on south coast of Oahu. Maunalua, large land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Maunawili, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. McGregors, landing on Maalaea Bay, south side of peninsula, Maui. Milolii, gulch, Napali section, Waimea district, Kauai. Milolii, land section in Government ownership, western Kauai. Moanualua, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Moanalua, stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows south- westward into Kalihi Inlet; water used for rice irrigation. Moanalulu, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Papaaloa. Moaula, land division partly in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Mohihi, stream, upper Waimea Basin, Kauai; tributary from the east to Poomau River (tributary to Waimea River). Mokapu, point, or headland, off Kaneohe Bay, East Oahu. Mokihana, small stream, south-central Waimea Basin, Kauai; rises east of Kalehua- hakihaki Peak; flows southwestward to Waimea River. Mokuaweoweo, crater on the summit of Mauna Loa, Hawaii; elevation, about 13,500 feet; second largest active crater in the world; area, 3.70 square miles; circumference, 9.47 miles; length, 3.7 miles; width, 1.74 miles; intermittently active, the activity usually lasting only a few days, when the lava forces its way through the side of the mountain, in a lava flow, after which the eruption in the crater ceases. Mokuleia, large land division partly in Government ownership, Waialua district, Oahu. Moloaa, land division partly in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Moloaa, small stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; flows northeastward into Moloaa Bay. Molokai, district, Maui County; political subdivision including Molokai Island; population (1910), 1,791. Molokai, island southeast of Oahu, 52 sea miles from Honolulu; lies east and west, 40 miles long, 9 miles wide; highest point, 4,958 feet; area, 261 square miles; population (1910), 1,791. Mountain View, village and post office, Puna district, Hawaii. Muliwai, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Naalehu, village and post office, Kau district, Hawaii. Nahiku, ditch extension. East Maui; heads in Makapipi Gulch, above Nahiku; extends westward across country to weir near Kopiliula, where it terminates at the eastern end of Koolau ditch. Nahiku, landing, village, and post office, on north coast of East Maui; center of rubber district. Naholoku, large land division, Hana district, Maui. Nailiilihaele, large stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises high up on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to three East Maui ditches. Naiwa, large land division, central Molokai. Namahana, peak at head of Anahola Stream, Kauai; elevation, 2,650 feet. GAZETTEEB. 527 Nanakuli, land division, Waianae district, Oahu. Nanue, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering the sea just north of Honohina. Napali, name of old district in Government ownership in northwestern Kauai, now included in Hanalei district. Napoopoo, village and landing on Kealakekua Bay, South Kona district, Hawaii. Nawiliwili, bay at mouths of Huleia and Nawiliwili streams, southeast Kauai; selected for improvement as Kauai's harbor. Nawiliwili, land division, Lihue district, Kauai. Nawiliwili, small stream, Lihue district, Kauai; rises on eastern slope of Kilohana Crater; flows southeastward into Nawiliwili Bay; water used for rice and cane irrigation. Nawiliwili, village and landing for freight and passengers, on Nawiliwili Bay, Kauai; nearest landing from Honolulu. Nienie, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Niihau, island southwest of Kauai in private ownership; area, 73 square miles; popu- lation (1910), 208; included in Waimea district, Kauai County. Nine Miles (Keaau), village near Olaa sugar mill, several miles south of Hilo, Hawaii. Ninole, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Niu, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Niumalu, land division, Lihue district, Kauai. Nohili, point on west coast of Kauai. Nuaailua, small stream, Hana district, Maui; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Koolau ditch through its branches. Nuu, large land division, Hana district, Maui. Nuuanu, important stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises at Nuuanu Pali pass, Koolau Range; flows southwestward through Nuuanu Valley into Honolulu Harbor; receives the flow of Pauoa Stream near its mouth; water used as part of Honolulu city water supply and for taro irrigation. Nuuanu, land division partly in Government ownership, Honolulu district, Oahu. Nuuanu, old residential section of Honolulu, at the lower end of Nuuanu Valley, Oahu. Nuuanu Pali, pass and cliff, Koolau Range, East Oahu; elevation, 1,207 feet; one of the historic and scenic places of Honolulu, only 6 miles distant. Nuulolo, gulch, Napali section, Waimea district, Kauai. Oahu, island near center of main group, Lat. 21° 30^ N., Long. 158° W.; 98 sea miles southeast of Kauai and 134 sea miles northwest of Hawaii; consists of two moun- tain ranges, Koolau and Waianae, with a tableland between; highest point, Kaala, 4,030 feet; roughly qxiadrilateral ; length, 45 miles; width, 24 miles; area, 598 square miles; population (1910), 81,993. Oahu-Koolau, ditch, proposed for bringing water from the windward side of Oahu through the main Koolau Range for cane irrigation north of Pearl Harbor; approxi- mate length, 15 miles; length of main tunnel, about 14,000 feet; estimated cost, $1,250,000. Oanui, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into Kailua Stream from the west; supplies water to Hamakua ditch. Oheo, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Haleakala; flows soiitheastward into sea near Kipahulu. Okole, very small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Olaa, large land division. Puna district, Hawaii. Olaa (Kurtistown), village and post office, Puna district, Hawaii, 528 WATEK RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Olohena, land division partly in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Olokele, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of Olokele Stream for cane irrigation. Olokele, river, eastern Waimea basin, Kauai; rises on western slope of Waialeale; flows southwestward to junction with Makuone to form Makaweli River; receives the flow of Kahana Stream from the north; water diverted through Olokele ditch for cane irrigation. Olowalu, land and village on southwest coast of West Maui. Olowalu, large land division in Government ownership, Lahaina district, Maui. Olowalu, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises in southern slope of West Maui; flows southwestward into sea; water diverted through several ditches for cane irrigation. Olympus (or Awawaloa), peak, Koolau Range, East Oahu; at the head of Manoa Valley; elevation, 2,447 feet. Onomea, small bay. South Hilo coast, Hawaii. Onomea, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea south of Onomea arch. Onomea, village on Onomea Bay, South Hilo district, Hawaii. Ookala, village, post office, and freight landing, North Hilo district, Hawaii. Oopuola, small stream on boundary between Makawao and Hana districts, East Maui; flows northeastward into sea; contributes water to two ditches. Opaeula, ditch diverting water from north side Opaeula Stream, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Opaeula, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Mountains; flows northwestward into Kaiaka Bay; water used for cane irrigation. Opaikaa, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to Wailua River from the north. Opana, land division, Makawao district, Maui. Opana, stream, Makawao district, Maui; rises on the northern slope of Haleakala; flows northwestward, entering Halehaku Stream from the west; contributes water to the Hamakua ditches. Opea, stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea just south of Honohina. Paa, land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Paakea, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Koolau ditch. Paalaa, land division, Waialua district, Oahu. Paauhau, very large land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Paauhau, village, post office, and freight landing, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Paauilo, village, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Paeahu, large land di\dsion, Makawao district, Maui. Pahala, village and post office, Kau district, Hawaii. Pahoa, village. Puna district, Hawaii. Paia, town and post office 10 miles east of Kahului Harbor, Maui. Palaau, large land division in Government ownership, northern Moloka' Palemanu, point south of Kealakekua Bay, west coast of Hawaii. Palikea, peak, Waianae Range, West Oahu; elevation, 3,111 feet. Pailolo, channel between Maui and Molokai Islands; width, 8 sea miles. Palolo, ditch diverting water from north side of Waikapu Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Palolo, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Palolo, short stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises on southern slope of Olympus, Koolau Range; flows southward into sea; formed by junction of Waiamao and Pukele streams; water used principally for taro irrigation. Panaiinui, land division in Puna district, Hawaii. Papa, village, Soutii Kona district, Hawaii. GAZETTEER. 529 Papaa, land division partly in Government ownership, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Papaa, small stream, Kawaihau district, Kauai; flows eastward into Papaa Bay. Papaa (Kulanakii), stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Papaaea, small stream, Makawao district, Maui; flows northeastward into reservoir near Kailua. « Papaaloa, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Papaaloa. Papaaloa, village, post office, and freight landing. North Hilo district, Hawaii. Papaikou, large land division. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Papaikou, village and freight landing. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Paukaa, land division. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Paumalu, land division in Koolauloa district, Oahu. Pauoa, small stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows southwestward into Nuuanu Stream from the east; water used for taro irrigation. Pauwela, land division, Makawao district, Maui. Pauwela, village near Haiku, Makawao district, Maui. Peahi, village just west of Halehaku Gulch, Maui. Pearl City, town and post office near East Loch, Pearl Harbor, Oahu. Pearl Harbor, large landlocked arm of the Pacific Ocean, on south coast of Oahu, about 6 miles west of Honolulu; consists of East, Middle, and West Lochs; prin- cipal affluents, Halawa, Kalauao, Waimalu, Waiawa, and Waipahu streams, also numerous springs near sea level; contains Fords Island. Site of United States naval base and dry dock, now under construction. Pelekunu, large land division, partly in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Pelekunu, short stream, northern Molokai; rises at 4,500 feet elevation; flows north- ward into sea through Pelekunu Gulch, which is very deep; water used for taro irrigation; accessible only from the sea. Pepeekeo, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea just south of Pepeekeo post office. Pepeekeo, village, post office, and freight landing. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Piha, land division in Government ownership. North Hilo district, Hawaii. Piilani, ditch diverting water from north side of Kauaula Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Piihonua, very large land division in Government ownership. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Pilaa, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Poamoho, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows northwestward into Kaukonahua Stream from the east; water used for irrigation. Pohaku Hanalei, peak on northeastern slope of Mauna Loa, Hawaii; elevation, 12,310 feet. Pohakunanaka, small stream on lower southeastern slope of Mauna Kea, entering the sea near Hilo, Hawaii. PohakupiH, peak on Kealia-Kapaa divide, Kauai; elevation, 2,589 feet. Pohakupuka, stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Pohokea, homestead section, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Pokai, small bay at mouth of Waianae Stream, southwest Oahu. Poliahu, peak near summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; elevation, 13,646 feet. Pololu, land division in Government ownership. North Kohala district, Hawaii. Pololu, stream, Kohala district, Hawaii; rises on northern slope of Kohala Mountains; flows northward into sea west of Honokane Gulch. Ponahawai, land division, South Hilo district, Hawaii. 74323°— wsp 318—13 34 530 WATER RESOURCES OF HAW AH. Poomau, short river, upper Waimea basin, Kauai; rises in Alakai Swamp; flows southwestward to Waimea River, its lower portion being in a deep canyon. Poopoo, stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Poowaiomahaihai, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of Makawel; River for taro and cane. Puako, village and freight landing (post office, Lalamilo), on Puako Bay, South Kohala district, Hawaii. Pukele, short stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises on southern slope of Kaau Crater; flows southward to junction with Waiamao Stream to form Palolo Stream. Pukihae, stream, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on lower southeastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward into sea, north of Hilo. Pukoo, harbor and landing on southeast coast of Molokai. Pulehunui, large land division, Wailuku and Makawao districts, Maui. Pulili, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; formed by junction of Kaleiiki and Kapena streams; enters the sea a short distance north of Honohina. Puna, district, Hawaii County; political subdivision in eastern Hawaii; population (1910), 6,834. Punahoa, land division, in South Hilo district, Hawaii. Punahou, main residential section of Honolulu, adjoining grounds of Oahu College, Oahu. Punakou, land division, southwestern Molokai, Punaluu, land division in Koolauloa district, Oahu. Piinaluu, stream, Koolauloa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows north- eastward into sea; water used for irrigation. Punaluu, village and post office, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Punaluu, freight landing, Kau district, Hawaii. Punaluu, land division, Kau district, Hawaii. Punchbowl HUl, tufa crater just back of Honolulu; elevation, 498 feet. Puohakamoa, large stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Spreckels and Center ditches. Puolo, point west of Hanapepe Bay, Kauai. PuDwaina. See Punchbowl Hill. Pupukea, land division, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Puu Alaea, very small stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea south of Laupahoehoe Gulch. Puuanahulu, very large land division in Government ownership. North Kona dis- trict, Hawaii. Puu Ehu, peak on Anahola Mountains, Kauai; elevation, 1,939 feet. Puueo, land division, South Hilo district, Hawaii. Puu Eu, peak on Kealia-Kalihiwai divide, Kauai; elevation, 2,747 feet. Puu Ka Pale, peak on western edge of Waimea Canyon, Kauai; elevation, 3,657 feet. Puukapu, large land division in Government ownership. South Kohala district, Hawaii. Puu Kukui, summit of West Maui; elevation, 5,790 feet. Puuloa, land division, Ewa district, Oahu, just west of entrance to Pearl Harbor. Puuloa, village and railway station, east of Pearl Harbor. Puu Lua, peak on western edge of Waimea Canyon, northwest of Puu Ka Pele, Kauai; elevation, 3,500 feet. Puumakaa, land division, Kau district, Hawaii. Puunene, town and post office, a few miles south of Kahului Harbor, Maui; site of Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co.'s mill, the largest in the islands. Puu Ohia. (See Tantalus.) GAZETTEER. 531 Puuohua, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea south of Maulua Gulch. Puu Olii, very small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, entering sea near Maulua Gulch. Puupehu, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Puuwaawaa, large land division in Government ownership in North Kona district, Hawaii. Puu Waawaa, peak north of Hualalai, North Kona district, Hawaii; elevation, 3,824 feet. Round Top, hill back of Honolulu, Oahu; elevation, 1,049 feet. Salt Lake, small lake in crater west of Honolulu, Oahu; called also Aliapaakai. Scofield Barracks, post office and cantonment of the United States Army at Leilehua, near the center of Oahu. Sisal, railway station, west of Ewa mill, in center of the sisal district, Ewa district, Oahu. Spreckels ditch, diversion from Honomanu Stream, East Maui, at about 1,500 feet elevation; extends westward across country, dropping successively into the various streams and taking out again at a lower elevation until it reaches Nailii- lihaele Stream at the intake of Haiku and Lowrie ditches. Spreckels ditch, diverts water from south side of Waihee Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Spreckelsville, village, a few miles east of Kahului Harbor. Tantalus (or Puu Ohia), hill, Koolau Range, east Oahu; northeast of Honolulu; elevation, 2,013 feet. TJalakaa. (See Round Top.) TJhau lole, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to North Fork Wailua River from the north. Ukumehame, large land division in Government ownership, Lahaina district, Maui. Ukumehame, stream, Lahaina district, Maui; rises on southern slope of West Maui; flows southwestward into sea; water diverted through several ditches for cane irrigation. TJlupalakua, ranch and settlement on western slope of Haleakala, Maui, near Makena. Umauma, stream. South Hilo district, Hawaii; formed by the junction of Wailua and Haunapueo streams, rising on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, flowing north- eastward into sea near Hakalau. TJpolu, extreme northern point of Hawaii. Volcano House, hotel and post office on brink of Kilauea Crater, Hawaii; elevation, 3,971 feet. Wahiawa, land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Wahiawa, large land division, partly in Government ownership, Waialua district, Oahu. Wahiawa, reservoir ditch diverting water from North and South Forks of Kauko- nohua Stream, below Wahiawa Dam, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Wahiawa, reservoir on Kaukonahua Stream, central Oahu; water used for cane irrigation. Wahiawa, stream, Koloa district, Kauai; rises on western slope of main divide; flows southwestward into sea. Wahiawa, village and post office on plateau in pineapple district near center of Oahu; reached by branch line of Oahu Railway from Waipahu. Wahikuli, gulch, Lahaina district, Maui; heads on western slope of west Maui; flood waters flow westward into sea. Wahiuli, land division in Government ownership, Lahaina district, Maui. Waiaaka, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Nahiku ditch. 632 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Waiaama, stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea north of Kawainui Stream. Waiahi, stream, Lihue district, Kauai; tributary to South Fork Wailua River; water used for cane irrigation. Waiahole, land division, partly in Government ownership, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waiahole, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows southeastward into Kaneohe Bay; receives the flow of Waianu Stream from the north; water used for rice irrigation. Waiahole, village, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waiakaa, large land division in Government ownership, Wailuku and Makawao districts, Maui. Waiakalua, small land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Waiakea, very large land division in Government ownership. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Waiakea, village and suburb of Hilo, on Hilo Bay, Hawaii. Waiakoa, post office, in Kula section, west Maui. Waiakoali, small stream, upper Waimea Basin, Kauai; tributary to Kawaikoi Stream from the east. Waialae, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Waialae, stream in central Waimea Basin, Kauai; rises on western slope of Waia- leale; flows westward and southwestward to Waimea River, with a fall of about 2,500 feet within a short distance from its mouth. Waialeale, peak in central mountain mass of Kauai; elevation, 5,080 feet. Waialee, land division in Government ownership, Koolauloa district, Oahu. Waialua, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in north- central Oahu; population (1910), 6,770. Waialua, land division, southeastern Molokai. Waialua, small bay at mouth of Anahula Stream, northwest Oahu. Waialua, village and post office, Waialua district, Qahu; site of Waialua Agricultural Co.'s mill. Waianae, district, in city and county of Honolulu; political subdivision in south- western Oahu; population (1910), 1,958. Waianae, land division partly in Government ownership, Waianae district, Oahu. Waianae, stream, Waianae district, Oahu; rises on south slope of Kaala Peak, Waia- nae Range; flows southwestward through Waianae Valley into sea; receives several tributaries in the upper part of its course ; water used for power, and cane irrigation. Waianae, village aud post office at mouth of Waianae Valley, Waianae district, Oahu; site of Waianae Co.'s mill. Waianae TJku, large land division, Waialua district, Oahu. Waianu, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows southeastward, entering Waiahole Stream from the north; water used for rice and taro irrigation. Waiau, lake, near smnmit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; elevation, 13,041 feet. Waiau, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Waiawa, ditch, diverting freshet water from Waiawa Stream, Oahu, for cane irriga- tion. Waiawa, large land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Waiawa, residence of Knudsen Bros., proprietors of Waiawa Ranch, Waimea district, Kauai.. Waiawa, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Movmtains; flows southwest- ward through Waiawa Gulch into Middle Loch of Pearl Harbor; receives flow of Manana Stream from the east; freshet water used for cane irrigation. GAZETTEER. 533 Waiea, land division, partly in Government ownership, South Kona district, Hawaii. Waiehu, land division, Wailuku district, Maui. Waiehu, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Honohina. Waiehu, stream, Wailuku district, Maui; consists of two branches North and South Waiehu streams, rising on eastern slope of West Maui, and flowing eastward into sea; water diverted from both branches for cane irrigation. Waieli, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on southeastern slope of Haleakala; flows southeastward into sea. Waieli, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; tributary to Waikakalaua Stream from the west. Waihee, canal diverting water from south side of Waihee Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Waihee, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waihee, large land division, Wailuku district, Maui. Waihee, large stream, Wailuku district, Maui; rises on northeastern slope of West Maui near the summit; flows northeastward through a deep picturesque canyon into sea; water diverted through Waihee Canal and Spreckels ditch for cane irrigation and through several other smaller ditches for taro irrigation. Waihee, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows east- ward into Kaneohe Ba}^; water used for rice irrigation. Waihee, village and plantation camp, near mouth of Waihee Stream, East Maui. Waikakalaua, ditch, diverting water from south side of Waikakalaua Stream, Oahu, for cane irrigation. Waikakalaua, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows south- ward joining Kipapa Stream from the west to form Waipahu Stream; freshet water used for cane irrigation. Waikamoi, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea, contributing water to two ditches; tributary, Alo Stream. Waikane, land division, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waikane, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in central Koolau Mountains; flows southeastward into Kaneohe Bay; water used for rice irrigation. Waikane, village and post office, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waikapu, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Waikapu, large land division, Wailuku district, Maui. Waikapu, stream, Wailuku district, Maui; rises on eastern slope of West Maui, and flows eastward and southward, only flood water reaching the sea; water diverted through several ditches for cane irrigation. Waikapu, village and plantation camp, a few niiles south of Wailuku, Maui. Waikapu, South Side ditch, diversion from south side of Waikapu Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation. Waikaumalo, land division, North Hilo district, Hawaii. Waikaumalo, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Honohina. Waikele, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Waikiki, famous beach and bathing section of Honolulu City, Oahu. Waikoekoe, land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Waikoko, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Waikola, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering the sea north of Waikaumalo Stream. Waikoloa, large land division. South Kohala district, Hawaii. Waikolu, land division in Government ownership, northern Molokai. Waikolu, short stream, northern Molokai; flows northwestward into sea through Wai- kolu Gulch and Valley; water used for taro irrigation. Wailau, large land division in Government ownership, northwestern Molokai, 534 WATER RESOURCES OF HAWAII. Wailau, large stream, northeastern Molokai; rises at 4,900 feet elevation; flows north- eastward and northward into sea through Wailau Gulch, which is very deep; water used for taro irrigation; accessible only from the sea. Wailau, peak at head of Wailau Gulch, Molokai; elevation, 4,547 feet. Wailua, large land division in Government ownership, Lihue district, Kauai. Wailua, large stream, Lihue district, Kauai; formed by junction of North and South Forks of Wailua River; flows eastward into sea; receives flow of Opaikaa Stream from the north; water used for rice irrigation. Wailua, main tributary of Umauma Stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Wailua, North Fork, large stream, Lihue district, Kauai; rises on eastern slope of Waialeale; flows eastward to junction with South Fork to form main stream, receives several tributaries from the north; water used for cane irrigation. Wailua, South Fork, large stream, Lihue district, Kauai; rises on southeastern slope of Kawaikini; flows eastward to junction with North Fork to form main stream; receives numerous tributaries from north and south; water used for cane irriga- tion. Wailuaiki, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on the northeastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea near Wailua; supplies water to Koolau ditch. Wailuanui, stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northeastern slope of Haleakala; flows northeastward into sea, east of Keanae Valley; supplies water to Koolau ditch . Wailuku, district, Maui County; political subdivision in windward West Maui; pop- ulation (1910), 11,742. Wailuku, large land division, Wailuku district, Maui. Wailuku, river, South Hilo district, Hawaii; rises high up on southeastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows eastward into Hilo Bay, receiving in its course numerous tribu- taries from the north; southernmost stream in Hawaii. Wailuku, town and post office, about 3 miles west of Kahului Harbor, East Maui; county seat of Maui County; site of Wailuku Sugar Co.'s mill. Wailupe, land division, Honolulu district, Oahu. Waima, tributary of Waipio River, Hamakua district, Hawaii; rises on northern slope of Kohala Mountains, entering Waipio River from the west. Waimalu, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Waimalu, small stream, Ewa district, Oahu; rises in Koolau Mountains; flows south- westward through Waimalu Gulch into East Loch of Pearl Harbor; water used for cane irrigation dm-ing freshets. Waimanalo, ditch diverting water from various tributaries of Kailua Stream, Oahu, for irrigation of cane at Waimanalo. Waimanalo, land division, Ewa district, Oahu. Waimanalo, land division, in Government ownership, Koolaupoko district, Oahu. Waimanalo, shallow bay on southeast coast of Oahu. Waimanalo, stream, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; rises in southern Koolau Mountains; . flows northeastward into Waimanalo Bay; water used for cane irrigation. Waimanalo, village and post office, Koolaupoko district, Oahu; site of" Waimanalo Sugar Co.'s mill. Waimano, land division in Government ownership, Ewa district, Oahu. Waimanu, land division in Government ownership, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Waimanu, stream, Hamakua district, Hawaii; heads in Waimanu Gulch north of Waipio River; flows northward into sea, through Waimanu Valley. Waimea, bay at mouth of Waimea River, southwest Kauai. Waimea, district, Kauai County; political subdivision in southwestern Kauai; popu- lation (1910), 7,987. Waimea, ditch diverting water from Waimea River, Kauai, about 4 miles above its mouth. GAZETTEEE. ^ 535 f Waimea, ditch, Waimea district, Kauai; diverts water from the west side of Waimea River for cane irrigation. Waimea, land division in Government ownership, Waimea district, Kauai; large, comprising about one-fifth of total area of island. Waimea, land division in Wailua district, Oahu. Waimea, picturesque canyon, Kauai; 2,000 to 3,000 feet deep; \ to 1^ miles wide, about 10 miles long; called "Miniature Grand Canyon." Waimea, river in Waimea land division, Kauai; rises in Alakai Swamp northwest of Waialeale Peak; flows southward through deep, picturesque canyon to Waimea Bay; length, about 15 miles, the longest on Kauai; receives principal tributaries from the east; water diverted for irrigation through Kekaha, Waimea, and smaller ditches. Waimea, small bay at mouth of Waimea Stream, northwest Oahu. Waimea, stream, Waialua district, Oahu; rises in northern Koolau Mountains; flows northwestward into Waimea Bay. Waimea, town and post office at mouth of Waimea River, Waimea district, Kauai. Waimea, very large land division. South Kohala district, Hawaii. Waimea, village (post oflice, Kamuela), on Waimea Plains, southeast of Kohala Mountains, Hawaii. Waimea, westernmost landing for freight and passengers on southern coast of Kauai . Wainaku, subiirb of Hilo and freight landing. South Hilo district, Hawaii. Wainiha, canal, Hanalei district, Kauai; diverts water from the west side of Wainiha River for power. Wainiha, large land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Wainilia, large stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; rises on northern slope of Waialeale: flows northward to Wainiha Bay; receives numerous short tributaries from east and west; water used for power and for irrigation of rice and taro in Wainiha Valley. Wainiha, post office and landing, Hanalei district, Kauai. Waioa, short stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into Hanalei Bay. Waiohinu, large land division in Government ownership, Kau district, Hawaii. Waiohinu, village and post office, Kau district, Hawaii. Waioliue, small stream, Hana district, Maui; rises on northeastern slope of Halea- kala; flows northeastward into sea; supplies water to Koolau ditch. Waiohiili, large land division in Government ownership; Wailukuand Makawao dis- tricts, Maui. Waioli, land division, partly in Government ownership, Hanalei district, Kauai. Waioli, short stream, Hanalei district, Kauai; flows northward into Hanalei Bay. Waiomao, short stream, Honolulu district, Oahu; rises on southern slope of Olympus, Koolau Range; flows southward to junction with Pukele Stream to form Palolo Stream. Waipa, land division, Hanalei district, Kauai. Waipahoehoe, stream, Hilo district, Hawaii; rises on eastern slope of Mauna Kea; flows southeastward into sea south of Papaikou. Waipahu, stream, Ewa district, Oahu; formed by junction of Kipapa and Waikahalaua streams; flows southward into West Loch of Pearl Harbor; water used for rice irrigation. Waipahu, town and post office on West Loch of Pearl Harbor, Oahu; site of Oahu Sugar Co. 's mill. Waipake, small land division, Hanalei district, Kauai, Waipau, long gulch, Waimea district, Kauai. Waipio, land division, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Waipio, large land divisicm, Ewa district, Oahu. 536 WATEK RESOUECES OF HAW AH. Waipio, river, Hamakua district, Hawaii; rises on northeastern slope of Kohala Mountains; flows eastward and northeastward into sea through Waipio Valley; receives the flow of Kawainui, Alakahi, Koiawe, and Waima streams; source of Hamakua ditches. Waipio, village at mouth of Waipio Valley, Hamakua district, Hawaii. Waipouli, land division, Kawaihau district, Kauai. Waipunalei, A'ery small stream on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea north of Laupahoehoe. Walbridge, ditch diverting water from south side of lao Stream, West Maui, for cane irrigation . Watertown, village and post office at entrance to Pearl Harbor, Oahu. Weliweli, land division, Koloa district, Kauai. Weloka, small stream on lower eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; entering sea just north of Maulua Gulch. Wilcox ditch, Koloa district, Kauai; diverts water from the south side of Huleia Stream for cane irrigation. Woods ditch, Kohala district, Hawaii; under construction for cane irrigation. INDEX. A. Page. Aakukul, rainfall at, records of 423 Aecuraey of data 31-32 Acknowledgements to those aiding 13-14 Acre-foot, definition of 24 Agricultural products, dependence of, on irrigation IS value of exports 15 Ahole Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements on 391 Ahuimanu, rainfall at, records of 442 Aiea, ditches near, miscellaneous discharge measurements on 186 Honolulu plantation well at, section of. . . 192 water pumped from, monthly sum- mary of 193 rainfall at, records of 436-437 Ainone ditch, discharge measurement 185 Upper Kailua ditch below, discharge measurements 185 Akulikuli Springs near Kapaa, records of flow of 114-115 Alatahi, rainfall at, records of 478 Alakahi Stream near Waipio, records of flow of 400-401 Alalakeiki Channel, width of 197 Aleamai Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements on 390 Alenuihaha Channel, width of 197, 332 Alexander & Baldwin (Ltd.), assistance by.. 13 Alexander, F. A., assistance by 14 Alexander, Sam, Baldwin, H. P., and, old Hamakua ditch built by 98 Allotment, Board of, appointment of 12 Allotment, Federal 13 Territorial ; . . . 13 Alo division weir, Koolau ditch at, records of flow of 262-268 Alo Stream near Huelo, records of Saw of . . . 274-276 Amalu Stream, Honokawai Stream below jvmction with 256 near Lahauia, above junction with Hono- kawai Stream, discharge meas- urement 257 Anahola ditch near Kealia, records of flow of, at Kiokala 132-135 at Makai weir 135-137 Anahola-Kealia-Kalihiwai divide, rainfall on, records of 426 Anahola River above confluence with Kea- oopu Stream, discharge measure- ment 143 diversions from 128 Keaoopu Stream above confluence with, discharge measurement 143 near Kealia, records of flow of, above dam at Kiokala 129-130 Page. Anahola River basin, position and area of . . . 128 rainfall in i28 Anahula-Opaeula divide, rainfall on, records of 441 Appropriations for water-resources investiga- tions 11 Auau Channel, width of 197 Austin, C. J., assistance by 14 Authority for investigations II-12 Awini, rainfall at, records of 479 Awini Stream basin, rainfall in, records of 479 B. Baldwin, B. D., assistance by 14 Baldwin, F. F., assistance by 14 Baldwin, H. A., assistance by 14 Baldwin, H. P., and Alexander, Sam, Old Hamakua ditch built by 298 Ball, W. E., assistance by 14 Banana plantation near Honolulu, view of, plate showing I6 Bishop (B. P.) Estate, assistance by 14 Bluett, P. W. P., assistance by 14 Boyd ditch, discharge measurements 159, 160 Brecht, E., assistance by 14 Brecht, O., assistance by 14 Brewer (C.) & Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 13 Bridge gaging station, view of, plate showing. 22 measurements at 22 Broadbent, E. H. W., assistance by 14 Bull, E. K., assistance by 14 Bureau of Forestry, assistance by 13 C. Cable station, view of, plate showing 22 measurements at 22 Campbell, Marston, appointed member of board of allotment 12 assistance by 13 Castle & Cook (Ltd.), assistance by 13 Castle, J. B., assistance by 14 Center ditch near Huelo, records of flow of. . 294-297 Center ditch region, area tributary to 294 rainfall in, records of 456 China ditch near Hanalei, records of flow of. . 138 Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetic station, rainfall at, records of 439 Cockett, Pia, assistance by 14 Coefficients for reducing velocity determina- tions to the mean 21 Collins, A. W., assistance by 14 Computations, accuracy of 31-32 methods of making 26-29 Cooke, J. P., appointed chairman of board of allotment 12 assistance by 13 537 538 INDEX. Page. Cooperative agreement, features of 12 ("oral along coasts of Maui Island, occurreneeof. 198 Coral reefs of Oahu 147 Culvert Creek near VVailuku, discharge measurement 256 Current meters, features of 19-20 use of, in measuring velocity of streams. . 19-22 view of, plate showing 18 D. Davies & Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 13 Ditch country. East Maui, investigations in. . 259 rainfall in 259 records of flow in 2G0-330 Dodge, F. B., work of 13 Dodge, F. S., assistance by 14 E. East Branch. See name of main stream. Eckart, C. F., assistance by 13 Ehui (Peleau) Stream, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements on 391 Eleele, Hanapepe ditch near, records of flow. 81-85 Hanapepe River near, records of flow 77-80 Hiloa ditch near, records of flow at Hana- pepe FaUs 87-88 Hiloa Stream near, records of flow 86 rainfall at, records of 419 Eneamo ditch near Kekaha ditch siphon, discharge measurement 144 Equivalents for use in hydraulic computa- tions 25 Erehwon (Kula), rainfall at, records of 4C0 Evaporation, methods of measuring 487 on Hawaii Island, records of 491 on Kauai Island, records of 487-489 on Oahu Island, records of 490 Everett ditch. See Palolo ditch. Ewa, ditches near, discharge measurements.. 186 Ewa plantation, rainfall at, records of 439 Ewa Plantation Co., assistance by 14 water pumped by, at Ewa MUl.moulhly summary of 194-195 Expenditures for investigations 13 F. Fairchild, G. H., assistance by 14 Fassoth, John, assistance by 14 Faye, H. P. , assistance by 14 Fleming, D. T., assistance by 14 Floats, subsurface, use of, in measuring ve- locity of streams 19 Forestry, Bureau of, assistance by 13 Eraser, De.xter, work of 13 Frear, Walter F., board of allotment ap- pointed by 12 G. Gages, datum of 22 placing of 22 Gages, automatic, essential features of 23 Gaging stations, classes of 17, 26-29 list of 32-35 sites for, selection of 22 types of, view of, plates showing 16, 19 Gallons per minute, definition of 24 Gartley, Alonzo, assistance by 13 Gay & Robinson, assistance by 14 Page. Gay, Francis, assistance by 14 Gazetteer 50U-536 Geographic names, glossary of 498-506 Gibb, George, assistance by 14 Gibb, James, assistance by 14 Gilmore, J. W., assistance by 14 Glossary of geographic names 498-506 Goo, E. E., work of 13 Goodale, W. W., assistance by 14 Green Lake, features of 335 Grove Farm, rainfall at, records of 424 Grove Farm Plantation, assistance by 14 H. Hackfield (H.) & Co. (Ltd.), assistance by . . 13 Hackfleld, J. F., assistance by 13 Haiku, rainfall at, records of 459 Haiku ditch near Hamakuapoko, discharge measurements 330 near Huelo, records of flow of, at Peahi weir 328-330 Haipuaena Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 268-271 Hakalau, rainfall at, records of 469 Hakalau mauka, rainfall at, records of 469 Hakalau Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements on 391 Hakalau Stream basin, rainfall in, records of. 469 Halaula, rainfall at, records of 427 Halawa Stream basin, rainfall in, records of. 436-437 Haleakala crater, altitude of 198 features of 198 Haleakala ranch, rainfall at, records of 457 Halehaku Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 312-315 Halehaku weir, New Hamakua ditch at, records of flow of 320-322 Halekua Stream, below Koholoina Stream, discharge measurement 143 Koholoina Stream above confluence with, discharge measurement 143 Halemanu Stream, Kauai Island, discharge measurement 143 Halona Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements of 183, 186 near Waikane, records of flow of 182 Hamakua ditch (Hawaii Island), New, near Kukuikaele, records of flow of . 395-397 near Waipio, records of flow of 395 water of 392 weir on, view of, plate showing 346 Old or upper, water of 392 Hamakua ditch (Maui Island), New, Hale- haku Stream at, records of flow of 314-315 length and capacity of 298 near Huelo, records of flow of ,at Halehaku weir 320-322 records of flow of, at NaiUiUhaele weir 318-320 Old , length and capacity of 298 NailulihaeleltLlu Stream below intake of 330 NaUiQihaele Stream below intake of, discharge measurements 330 near Huelo, records of flow of, at Opanaweir... 322-324 INDEX. 539 Page. Hamakua ditch region, Maul Island, fea- tures of 298 streams and ditches of, records of flow of 298-330 Hamakua group of stre ms, Hawaii Island, miscellaneous discharge measure- ments of 402 position of 392 records of flow of 392-402 Hamakuapoko, Haiku ditch near, discharge measurements 330 Kaluanui ditch near, records of flow of. 324-320 Lowrie ditch near, discharge measure- ments 330 Hana, rainfall at and near, records of 454 Hanahanapuni, rainfall at, records of 425 Hanalei, China ditch near, records of flow of. 138 rainfall at, records of 428 Waioli Stream near, discharge measure- ment 143 Hanalei River, diversions from 138 divide between North Fork of Wailua River and, rainfall on, records of. 425 near Hanalei, records of flow of 138 Hanalei River basin, area and position of 137 rainfall in 138 Hanalei-KaUhiwai divide, rainfall on, rec- ords of 428 Hanamaula, rainfall at, records of 424 Hanam ulu ditch near Lihue, records of flow.. 98-101 Hanamaulu River near Lihue , records of flow 88-89 Hanamaulu River basin, features of 88 rainfall in 88 Hanapepe, rainfall at Camp No. 2 near, rec- ords of 418 Hanapepe ditch, miscellaneous discharge measurements of 144 near Eleele, records of flow at Hanapepe Falls 81-82 records of flow at Koula 82-85 near Makaweli, records of flow 85 Hanapepe Falls, Hanapepe ditch near, rec- ords of flow 81-82 Hanapepe River at, records of flow 77 Hiloa ditch at , records of flow 87-88 Hiloa Stream at, records of flow 86 rainfall below, record of 41 Hanapepe-Hiloa divide, rainfall on, record of. 417 Hanapepe River basin, features of 76 rainfall in 76 records of 417-418 Hanapepe River, branches of 76 cable station on, view of, plate showing. 19 diversions from 76 falls on 76 Manuahi Stream above confluence with, discharge measurement 143 near Eleele, records of flow at Hanapepe FaUs 77 records of flow at Koula 78-80 Hanapepe Valley, rainfall in, records of 4i Hanawai Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Hapea, lower, rainfall at, records of 473 Hapea, mauka, rainfall at, records of 472-473 Hardy, W. V., work of 13 Harvey, P. E., assistance by 14 Page. Haunapueo Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Hauula, Kaipapau Stream near, records of flow of 174 Kaluanui Stream near, recor. s of flow of 174-175 Hawaii, College of, assistance by 14 Manoa Stream at, records of flow of 155-157 Hawaii Island, area of 332 evaporation on, records of 491 gaging stations on, list of records obtained at 35 map showing End of volume. lava flows of 335 view of, plate showing 198 map of, showing location of gaging sta- tions End of volume. origin of 333, 335 position of 332 rainfall on 333, 334 records of 462-486 shape of 332 springs and underground waters of... 335,408 streams of 333, 334, 335 streams of, list of 508-509 temperature on, records of 494-955 volcanoes of 333 Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co., assist- ance by 14 camp No. 7, rainfaU at, records of 459 water pumped by, at Puunene, monthly summary of 332 Hawaiian Irrigation Co. (Ltd.), assistance by. 14 Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, assist- ance by 13 Hawaiian Sugar Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 Hawaiian words, list of those in common use 496-497 pronunciation of 496-498 Hawi mill, rainfall at, records of 481 Heeia, rainfall at, records of 442 Henderson, James, assistance by 14 HUea, rainfall at, records of 483 Hilo, breakwater at, records of rainfall at 465 forest back of, rain gages in 346 view of, plate showing 334 Honolii River near 341-344 Maili Stream near, discharge measure- ments 390 rainfall at, records of 455 rainfall in forest back of 349 streams between Laupahoehoe and, mis- cellaneous discharge measure- ments 390-391 streams in forest back of, at 2,500-foot level, combined flow of 347-348 at 2,500-foot level, features of 346 records of flow of, at stations . . . 349-389 at 1,800 to 2,000 foot level, miscella- neous measurements 389-390 temperature at, records of 494 Uhakauwai Stream near, discharge meas- urements 390 WaUuku River near, discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for 339 minimum discharge of. 347 records of flow of 337-340 540 INDEX, Page. Hllo group of streams, area drained by, rain- fall on 336 features of 336 low-water periods in 347 miscellaneous discharge measurements in 391-392 records of flow of 336-38S Hilo Sugar Co., assistance by 14 Hilo water reservation, discharge measure- ment 392 Hiloa ditch near Eleele, records of flow at Hanapepe Falls 87-88 BUloa-Hanapepe divide, rainfall on, record of. 417 Hiloa Stream near Eleele, records of flow at Hanapepe Falls 86 Hoaeae, evaporation at, records of 490 rainfall at, records of 438 Hokumahoe Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Homestead, rainfall at, records of 420 Honohina, rainfall at, records of 469 HonoUi ditch near, records of flow of 344 HonoUi River near, diagram showingfluc- tuation in stage of 342 records of flow of 341-344 Honokaa, rainfall at and near, records of 477 Honokahau, Honokahau ditch near, miscel- laneous discharge measurements. 257 Honokahau ditch near, records of flow of 248-254 Honokahau Stream near, records of flow of 247-248 Honolua ditch near, records of flow of 247 Honolua Stream near, records of flow of. 246-247 Honokahau Stream, diversions from 247 near Honokahau, records of flow of 247-248 Honokahau Stream basin, position of 247 rainfall in 247 records of 452-453 Honokahau ditch near Honokahau, miscel- laneous discharge measurements . 257 near Honokahau, records of flow of, above Honolua Stream 252-254 records of flow of, at intake 248-252 near Lahaina, records of flow of 254-256 Honokahua ditch intake, rainfall at, r ecords of 453 Honokahua Gulch, rainfall at, records of 453 Honokane, East and West branches of Hono- kane Stream near, records of flow of 404-405 rainfall at, records of 479 Honokane Stream, branches of, diversions from 403 branches of, miscellaneous discharge measurements 407 near Honokane, records of flow of. . . 404-405 Honokane Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements rainfall in 403 records of 479 Honokawai ditch below power house, dis- charge measurement 257 Honokawai Gulch, rainfall at, records of 451 Honokawai power house, Honokawai ditch below, discharge measurement . . . 257 rainfall at, records of 451 Page. Honokawai Stream near Kaanapali, dis- charge measurement 256 near Lahaina, records of flow of. . . .- 244-246 tributary of 244 Honokawai Stream basin, position of 244 rainfall in, records of 450-451 Honokawai tunnels near Kaanapali, dis- charge measurements 258 HonoUi ditch at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, records of flow of 344 Honolii River at Kaiwiki, near Hilo, records of flow of 341-344 diversions from 341 minimum discharge of 347 near HUo, diagram showing fluctuation in stage of 343 view of, plate showing 334 tributaries of 340-341 combined flow of 347 Honolii River basin, features of 340-341 Honolii Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Honolua, rainfall at, records of 453 Honolua ditch near Honokahau, records of flow of 247 Honolua ranch, assistance by 14 Honolua Stream near Honokahau, records of flow of 246-247 Honolua Stream basin, position of 246 Honolulu, banana plantation near, view of, plate showing 15 evaporation at, records of 490, 491 flowing wells in and near, miscellaneous discharge measurements 188-189 Kahuawai spring near, discharge measure- ments 188 Luakaha ditch near, records of flow of. . 166-168 Lulumaho ditch near, records of flow of. 164r-166 Manoa Stream near, records of flow of. . 152-159 Nuuaau Stream at, reoords of flow of. . 163-164 Pauoa Stream near, records of flow of.. 160-162 rainfall at, records of 432-434, 435, 436 springs in and near, discharge measure- ments 188 temperature at, records of 493 Waiomao Stream near, records of flow of 149-151 Honolulu Plantation Co. , assistance by 14 water pumped by, at Aiea, monthly sum- mary of 193 well of, section of 192 Honomanu, rainfall at, records of 455 temperature at, records of 494 Honomu Stream, misceUaneous discharge measurements 391 Honopou Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 310-312 Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 306-308 Hoolawanui Stream near Huelo, records of flow of ,08-310 Homer, Albert, assistance by 14 Homer, Robert, assistance by 14 Hosmer, R. S., assistance by... 13 Howell, Hugh, assistance by 14 Hualalai Mountain, features of 334 Hubbard, S. E., assistance by.... 14 INDEX, 541 Page. Huehiie, rainfafi at, records of 481 Hnekipo, Kekaha ditch below, discharge raeasurements 144 Huelripo weir, Kekaha ditch above, discharge measurement 144 Huelo, Alo Stream near, records of flow of. 274-276 Center ditch near, records of flow of — 294-297 Haiku ditch near, records of flow of — 328-330 Haipuaena Stream near, records of flow of 268-271 Halehaku Stream near, records of flow of 312-315 Honopou Stream near, records of flow of 310-312 Hoolawaliilii Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 306-308 Hoolawanui Stream near, records of flow of 308-310 Kaflua Stream near, records of flow of . 301-303 Koolau ditch near, records of flow of. . . 262-268 Lowrie ditch near, records of flow of . . . 326-328 Nafliilihaele Stream near, discharge measurements 330 records of flow of 298-301 Nailiilihaeleliilii Stream near, discharge measurements 330 New Hamakua ditch near, records of flow of 318-322 Oanui Stream near, records of flow of. . 303-306 Old Hamakua ditch near, records of flow of 322-324 Oopuola Stream near, records of flow of 278-281 Opana ditch near, records of flow of 317-318 Opana Stream near, records of flow of — 316 Puohakamoa Stream near, records of flow of 271-273 Spreckels ditch near, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 330 records of flow of 281-294 Waikamoi Stream near, records of flow of 276-278 Hulei River basin, rainfall in, records of. . . 422-423 HuliUii Stream, discharge measurement .... 391 Huluhulunui bridge, Kekaha ditch near, dis- charge measurements 144 Humuula, rainfall at, records of 463 temperature at, records of 495 Hundley, S. N., assistance by 14 I. lao Stream, diversions from 218 near Wailuku, discharge measurements above and below gaging station. . 256 rainfall at, records of 446 records of flow of 218-221 source of water of 218 lao Stream basin, area of 218 position of 218 rainfall in, records of 445-446 topography of 218 lao tunnels near Wailuku, discharge meas- urements 258 lao Valley, views in, plate showing 198 lao Valley cave, rainfall at, records of 445 lao Valley tableland, rainfall on, records of. . 446 Int^ration method of measuring stream flow . 21 Page. Investigations, authority for 11-12 Irrigation systems, need for study of 15 Isenberg (Tantalus), rainfall at, records of. . . 431 J. Jorgcnsen, Jorgen, assistance by 14 Judd, C. S., assistance by 13 K. Kaahaktni Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Kaaikahi Spring, discharge measurement 163 Kaala Gulch, rainfall at, records of 440 Kaala Peak, altitude of 146 Kaanapali, Honokawai Stream near, dis- charge measurement 256 Honokawai tunnels near, discharge meas- urements 258 rainfall at, records of 452 temperature at, records of 494 Kaau Stream, discharge measurement 152 Kaehulua Stream,weirs on branches of, records of flow over 108-109 Kaehulua Stream basia, position of 106-107 Kahana-Makuone divide, rainfall on, record of 415 Kahana Stream, discharge measurement 177 Kahana Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements in 177 position of 177 Kahina Pukii Stream, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 391 Kahoalele Falls, view of, plate showing 38 Kahoma ditch near Lahaina, records of flow of. 243-244 Kahoma ditch, Old, near Lahaina, discharge measurements 257 Kahoma Stream near Lahaina, records of flow of 242-243 Kahoma Stream basin, position of 241 Kahoolawe Island, rainfall on, records of... 460-461 Kahuawai Spring near Honolulu, discharge measurements 188 Pauoa Stream below, records of flow of. 160-162 Pauoa Stream near, discharge measure- ment 163 Kahuku, rainfall at, records of. 441 Kahului, rainfall at, records of 448 Kaieie Stream, diversion ditch from, dis- charge measurement 390 miscellaneous discharge measurements... 390 Kaieie Waho chaimel, width of 36 Kaikekee ditch, discharge measurements 186 Kailua ditch. Upper, above Waimanalo res- ervoir, discharge measurement... 185 below Ainone ditch, discharge measure- ment 185 Kailua, rainfall at, records of 456 Kailua-Maiioa divide, rainfall on, records of. . 431 Kailua Stream near Huelo, records of How of 301-303 Kailua Stream, Middle ForK, discharge measurement 185 Kailua Stream, North Fork, discharge measurement 185 Kailua Stream, South Fork, discharge measurement 185 542 INDEX. Page. Kailua Stream basin, diversions from, to Waimanalo basin 185 miscellaneous discharge measurements in 185 position of iS5 rai-'ifall in, records of 4-12 Kainahola weir, position of 107 records of flow over, near Kapaa 108 Kaipapau Stream near Hauula, records of flow of 173-174 Kaipapau Stream basin, position of 173-174 Kaiwi channel, width of. . .• 145 Kaiwiki, Honolii ditch at, records of flow of. 344 Hololii River at, diagram showing fluc- tuation in stage of 343 records of flow of 341. 344 view of, plate showing 334 Kalana Auwai ditch (north side) above Wai- luku, discharge measurement 257 Kalaoa Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 390 Kalehuahakihaki Stream, discharge meas- urement 143 Kaleukiand Kapena streams, discharge meas- urements, below confluence 391 Kalihi, section of well at 192 Kalihi Stream, above all diversions, discharge measurements 169 use of, for irrigation 169 Kalihi Stream basia, miscellaneous discharge measurements in 169 position of 168 Kalihiwai above Kalihiwai village, discharge measurement 143 Kalihiwai- Anahola-Kealia divide, rainfall on, records of 426 KalUiiwai-Hanalei divide, rainfall on, records of 428 Kaliula, rainfall at, records of 432 Kalopa, rainfall at, records of 476 Kaluanui ditch below intake, discharge meas- urement 175 near Hamakuapoko, records of flow of, at Puuomalei 324-326 Kaluanui Stream, diversions from 174 miscellaneous discharge measurements ... 175 near Hauula, records of flow of 174-175 Kaluanui Stream basin, position of 174 Kama Auwai (south side) ditch above Wai- luku, discharge measurements. . . 257 Kamenehune ditch near Waimea, records of flow 68-69 Kamoola ditch, rainfall at, records of 422 Kanaha ditch near Lihue, records of flow. . 105-106 Kaneha, Kaneha ditch at, records of flow of. 125-127 Kaneha ditch, below intake, discharge meas- urement 144 near Kealia, records of flow of 125-127 Kaneohe, rainfall at, records of 442 Kaneohoe Stream, North Branch, discharge measurements 184 Kaneohoe Stream, South Branch, discharge measurements 184 Kaneohe Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements of 184 position of 184 rainfall in, records of 442 Kaoheiki Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Page. Kapaa, Akulikuli Springs near, records of flow of 114-115 Kainahola weir near, records of flow over . 108 Kapaa ditch near, records of flow of 121-123 Kapaa River near, records of flow 111-114 Kapahi ditch near, records of flow of... 115-117 Kuhinoa weir nestf, records of flow over. . 110 Makaknalele weir near, records of flow over 107-108 Pipe ditch near, records of flow of 1 23-125 Rice ditch near, discharge measurement. 144 Tunnel ditch near, records of flow of.. . 118-120 Wainamuamu weir near, records of flow over 109 Kapaa ditch near Kapaa, records of flo^\ of, at Kapahi 121-123 Kapaa River, Ijelow confluence of Kealia and Kapaa streams, discharge meas- urement 143 branches of Ill divide between North Fork of WaUua River and, rainfall on, records of. . 426 near Kapaa, records of flow 111-114 Kapaa River basin, features of Ill rainfall in ill records of 426, 427 Kapaa Stream, above confluence with Kealia Stream, discharge measurement. . 143 diversions from Ill Kapaa River below confluence of with Kealia Stream, discharge meas- mement 143 KeaUa Stream above confluence with, discharge measurement 143 Kapahehe Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Kapahi, Kapaa ditch at, records of flow of. . 121-123 Kapaa River at, records of flow 111-114 Kapahi ditch at, records of flow of 115-117 Pipe ditch at, records of flow of 123-125 ratufall at, records of 427 Tunnel ditch at, records of flow of 118-120 Kapahi ditch, discharge measurement 144 near Kapaa, records of flow of, at Kapahi 115-117 Kapaia, Hanamauhi River at, records of flow. 88-89 Kapaia Stream basin, rainfall in, records of. . . 424 Kapaka, rainfall at, records of 428 Kapapala ranch, rainfall at, records of 484 Kapeha Stream, Hawaii, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 390 Kapehu Stream. Hawaii, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 391 Kapehuaala Peak, altitude of Ill Kapena and Kaleiiki streams, discharge meas- urements, below confluence 391 Kapoho, rainfall at, records of 485 Kapue Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Kapuna ditch, north side, above Waihee, dis- charge measurements 257 Kau, rainfall at, records of 483 Kauai Electric Co. (Ltd. ), assistance by 14 Kauai Electric Co. power house, rainfall at, record of 429 Kauai Island, agricultiuul products of 38 comparison of, with the other islands 37-38 INDEX. 543 Page. Kauai Island, dimensions of. 36 erosion on 38 evaporation on, records of 487-489 gaging stations on, list of 32-33 records obtained at 39-142 map of, showing location of gaging sta- tions End of volume. miscellaneous stream measurements on. . 143 population of 38 pumped water on 144 rainfall on ^ rainfall stations on, lists of 410, 429 records at 410-429 streams of, list of 506 temperature on, records of 492-493 topography of 36-37 vegetation of 38 Kauaikanana Stream, discharge measure- ment 143 Kauaula ditch near Lahaina, discharge meas- urement 257 Kauaula Stream near Lahaina, discharge measurement, above Piilani ditch 256 records of flow of 238 Kauaula Stream basia, area and position of 237-238 Kauaula weirs near Lahaina, records of flow over 238-239 Kaueleau, rainfall at, records of 485 Kaukonahua Stream, branches of 169 North Fork of, near Wahiawa, records of flow of 170 South Fork, near Wahiawa, records of flow of 169-170 Kaukonahua Stream basin, position of 169 rainfall in 169 records of 440 Kawaiiki, rainfall at, records of 441 Kawaikini Peak, altitude of 36 Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, records of flow 43-48 Kawainui, Kawainui River at, records of flow of 345 Kawainui, lower, rainfall at, records of ... 478 Kawainui mauka, rainfall at, records of 478 Kawainui River at Kawainui, near Pepeekeo, records of flow of 345 branches of 344 miscellaneous discharge measurements.. 390 near Pepeekeo, flume and trestle across, view of, plate showing 346 Kawainui River basin, features of 344 Kawainui of Waipio River, branches of, near Waipio, records of flow of 399-400 near Waipio, records of flow of 393, 398-399 Kawalii Stream, discharge measurement 402 Keaalau Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Keahua, Lowrie ditch near, discharge meas- urements: 330 Kealia, Kaui, Anahola ditch near, records of flow of 132-137 Anahola River near, records of flow of. . 129-132 evaporation at, records of 489 Kaneha ditch near, records of flow of. . . 125-127 rainfall at, records of 427 Page. Kealia^ Anahola-Kalihiwai divide, Kauai Is- land, rainfall on , records of 426 Kealia, Kahoolawe Island, rainfall at 461 Kealia Stream, above confluence with Kapaa Stream, discharge measurement. 143 application of name m diversions from m Kapaa Stream above confluence, with, discharge measurement 143 Kapaa River below confluence of, with Kapaa Stream, discharge meas- urement 143 Keanae, Koolau ditch near, records of flow of 260-262 rainfall at and near, records of 455 Keanakolu, rainfall at, records of 470 Keanakua, rainfall at, record of ■. . 415 Keaoopu Stream, above confluence with Ana- hola River, discharge measure- ment 143 Anahola River ab ve confluence with, discharge measurement 1 43 mention of 128 Kehaka, rainfall at, record of 417 Kekaha ditch, miscellaneous measurements of 144 near Waimea, records of flow, above si- phon 63-64 records of flow, at flume No. 3 62-63 at intake 59-62 at weir below tunnel No. 12 64-67 Kekaha Sugar Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 Keneohoe Stream, ditches from, discharge measurements of 184 miscellaneous discharge measurements of 184 Kihalani Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Kihei, rainfall at, records of 460 Kikola Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 390 Kilau Stream, misceUaneous discharge meas- urements 391 Kilauea crater, Hawaii Island, featrues of. . 334-334 Klilauea, Kauai, rainfall at, records of 425 temperature at, records of 493 Kilauea Sugar Plantation Co., assistance by. 14 Kilohana, rainfall at, record of 410 Kilohana crater: altitude of 88 rainfall at, records of 423 Kiokala, Anahola ditch at, records of flow of 132-135 Anahola River at and above dam at, records of flow of 129-132 Knudsen, Augustus, assistance by 14 Knudsen, Eric, assistance by 14 Koaie-Mohihi divide, rainfall on, record of. . . 411 Koaie Stream above confluence with Waimea River, discharge measurement... 143 Waimea River above confluence with, discharge measurement 143 Kohala, Kohala ditch near, records of flow of 405-407 Kohala Ditch Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 Kohala ditch, Hawaii Island, near Kohala, records of flow of 405-407 Kohala group of streams, members of 403 544 INDEX, Page. Kotaala group of streams, miscellaneous dis- charge' measurements 407 records of flow of 403-407 Kohala (Maulili), rainfall at, records of 480 Kohala mill, rainfall at, records of 480 Kohala mission, rainfall at, records of 480 Kohala Mountains, features of 333 streams on 333 Koheaka Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Koholoina Stream above confluence with Halekua Stream, discharge meas- urement 143 Halekua Stream below, discharge meas- urement 143 Kohoma reservoir, rainfall at, records of 450 Koiawe, rainfall at, records of 479 Waipio River below, records of flow of . . . 394 Koiawe Stream near Waipio, records of flow of 401 Kokee, rainfall at, record of 413 Kokee Stream, discharge measurement 143 Kolekole Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Koloa, evaporation at, records of 489 rainfall at, records of 421 Koloa Sugar Co., assistance by 14 Konahuanui Peak, rainfall on, records of 434 Konohiki Stream near Kapaa, records of flow of, at Makakualele weir 107-108 East Branch of, discharge measurement . 143 North Fork of, discharge measurement . . 143 Konohiki Stream basin, position of 106-107 Koolau, Laie well at, section of 193 Koolau ditch near Huelo, records of flow of, at Alo division weir 262-268 near Keanae, records of flow of 260-262 near Nahiku, discharge measurements. . 330 streams contributing to 260 Koolau ditch region, position of 260 rainfall in, records of 45.5 streams and ditches in, records of flow of 260-268 Koolau Mountains, features of 145, 146-147 lava flows of 146 Kopiliula, rainfall at, records Of 455 Koula, Hanapepe ditch at, records of flow 82-85 Hanapepe River at, records of flow 78-80 KuMnoa weir near Kapaa, records of flow over 110 position of 107 Kukaua, rainfall at, records of 423 Kukaiau mill, rainfall at, records of 475 Kukaiau Plantation Co. office, rainfall at, records of 475 Kukuihaele, feeder ditch near, discharge measurement 402 New Hamakua ditch at, view of weir on, plate showing 346 rainfall at, records of 477 Kuktiiula, rainfall at, records of 421 Kula (Erehwon), rainfall at, records of 460 Kumunuiakea Stream, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 390 Kupau camp, rainfall at, records of 455 Kurtistown, rainfall at, records of 484 L. Paffe. Lahaina, ditches near, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 257 Honokahau ditch near, records of flow of 254-256 Honokawai Stream near, records of flow of 244-246 Kahoma Stream near, records of flow of 242-243 KauauJa ditch near, discharge measure- ment 257 Kauaula Stream near, discharge measure- ment above Piilani ditch 256 records of flow of 238 Kauaula weirs near, records of flow over 238-239 Kehoma ditch near, records of flow of. . 243-244 Lahainaluna ditch near, miscellaneous discharge measurements 257 Lahainaluna Stream near, records of flow of 239-240 Lahainaluna weirs Nos. 1 and 2 near, records of flow over 241 Launiupoko ditch near, discharge meas- urements 257 Launiupoko Stream near, records of flow of 236-237 Launiupoko tunnel near, discharge meas- urement 258 Old Kahoma ditch near, discharge meas- urements 257 PiUani ditch near, discharge measure- ment 257 waterpumpedat, monthly summary of.. 258 Lahainaluna ditch near Lahaina, miscella- neous discharge measurements . . . 257 Lahainaluna Stream near Lahaina, records of flow of 239-240 Lahainaluna Stream basin, position of 239 Lahainaluna weirs near Lahaina, records of flow over 241 Laie well, section of 193 Lali Stream, discharge measurements 143 North Fork of, discharge measurement. . 143 Launiupoko ditch near Lahaina, discharge measurement 257 Launiupoko Stream near Lahaina, records of flow of 236-237 Launiupoko Stream basin, position of 236 Launiupoko tunnel near Lahaina, discharge measurement 258 Laupahoehoe, raiolall at, records of 470 streams between Hilo and, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390-391 Laupahoehoe Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Lawai, rainfall at, records of 420-421 Lawai, East, rainfall at, records of 420 Lawai Beach, rainfall at, records of 421 Lawai Stream basin, rainfall in, records of. . . 420 Legislation providing conservation funds, passage of 12 Lehuamakanoi, rainfall at, record of 411 Lihue, Hanamaulu ditch near, records of flow 98-101 Hanamaulu River near, records of flow . . 88-89 Kanaha ditch near, records of flow 105-106 Lihue ditch near, records of flow 95-98 INDEX. 545 Page. Lihue, North Fork of Wailua River near, dia- gram showing fluctuations in stage of 102 records of flow 101-105 rainfall at, records of 423, 424 South Fork of Wailua River near, rec- ords of flow 91-95 temperature at, records of 492 Lihue ditch near Lihue, records of flow 95-98 Low, E. P., assistance by 14 Low, J. S., assistance by 14 Lowrie ditch near Hamakuapoko, discharge measurements 330 near Huelo, records of flow of, at Opana weir 326-328 near Keahua, discharge measurements... 330 Luakaha ditch near Honolulu, records of flow of 166-168 Luakaha, lower and upper, rainfall at, records of 435 Luakaha, upper, evaporation at, records of. . 490 Luakaha weir. See Luakaha ditch. Lualualei Valley, flumes in, discharge meas- urements 186 Lulumaho ditch above reservoir No. 4, dis- charge measurements 168 near Honolulu, records of flow of 164-166 Lupi, rainfall at, records of . , 457 Lydgate, Ror. J. M., assistance by 14 M. Mahana, rainfall at, records of 452 Mahaxflepu, rainfall at, records of 422 Maiakii Stream above Waiawaawa reservoir, discharge measurement 143 MaUi Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 390 near Hilo, discharge measurements 390 Makai tributary of Waianae Stream, dis- charge measurements 173 Makai weir, Anahola ditch at, records of flow of 135-137 Makakualele weir near Kapaa, records of flow over 107-108 position of 107 Makalapa ditch, miscellaneous discharge measm-ements 186 Makapuu, rainfall at, records of 430 Makawao, rainfall at, records of 458 Makawao ditch, discharge measurement 185 Makawa. Stream, dischrage measurement. . . 185 Makaweli, Hanapepe ditch near, records of flow 85 Olokele ditch near, records of flow 71-74 raiufall at, records of 418 temperature at, records of 492 Makaweli River, diversions from 70 near Waimea, records of flow 70-71 Makaweli River basin, area and position of. . 70- rainfall in 70 records of 415-416 Makaweli River basin, streams in 70 Makea Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 391 Makee Sugar Ck)., assistance by 14 Makoewai Stream, diversion flume from, dis- charge measurement 390 74323°— wsp 318—13 35 Page. Makoewai Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Malruone-Kahana divide, rainfall on, record of 415 Makuone-Waialae divide, rainfall on, record of 415 Mana Pump, rainfall at, record of 416 temperature at, records of 492 Maniania ditch near WaUuku, records of flow of 222-224 Manianiaula, Waiahole Stream at, records of flow of 177-180 Manoa, rainfall at, records of 431 Manoa ditch, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements of 160 Manoa- KaUua divide, rainfall on, records of. . 431 Manoa-Pauoa divide, rainfall on, records of. 431-432 Manoa Stream, branches of 152 miscellaneous discharge measurements... 159 near Honolulu, records of flow of, at col- lege of Hawaii 155-157 records of flow of, at upper end of valley 152-155 at Waialae road 157-159 Manoa Stream, East Branch, discharge meas- urement 159 Manoa Stream, Middle Branch, discharge measurement 159 Manoa Stream, West Branch, discharge meas- urement 159 Manoa Stream basin, miscellaneous discharge measurements in 159-160 position of 152 rainfall in, records of 431,432 springs in 152 Manoloa Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Manowaiopae Stream, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 391 " Man's water," definition of 24 Manuahi Stream above confluence with Han- apepe River, discharge measure- ment 143 Martin, W. F., work of 13 Maui Agricultural Co., assistance by 14 water pumped by, montlily summary of. 331 Maul Island, agricultural products of 199 area of 197 coral along coasts of 198 craters of 198 forestation on 198 gaging stations on, list of 33-35 map of, showing location of gaging sta- tions End of volume. position of 197 rainfall on 198 records of 443-460 roads on 199 shore line of 198 streams of 198 list of 507-508 temperature on, records of 494 towns on , 199 Maui Island, East, agaof. ^ 198 canyons of 198 Ditch country of, records of flow in 260-330 546 INDEX. Page. Maul Island, Ditch country of, water supply of 259 forestation on 198 pumped water on, montMy summary of 331-332 pumping plants on, miscellaneous meas- urements of 331 rainfall on 198, 259 records of 443 Streams, ditches, and pumping plants on, miscellaneous discharge measure- ments 330-331 Streams of, character of 259 list of 507-508 topography of 198 Maui Island, West, age of 197 canyons of 197 erosion on 197 pumped water on 258 rainfall on 198 records of streams and ditches of, miscellaneous measurements of 256-258 . streams of, list of 507 records of flow of 199-256 vegetation on 198 Mauka tributary of Waianae Stream, dis- charge measurements 173 Maulua Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Mauna Kea, altitude of 334 features of 333-334 rainfall on 334 rainfall on eastern slope of, records of. . 465-468 rainfall on northern slope of, records of. . 471-475 streams on 334 records of flow of 336-389 Mauna Loa, altitude of 334 craters of 334-335 features of 334-335 Maunawili ditch, discharge measurement 185 MaunawUi ranch, rainfall at, records of 442 McBryde ditch, discharge measurement 144 McBryde Sugar Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 McCandless, L. L., assistance by 14 MoCrosson, J. T., assistance by 14 McMaster, J. C, assistance by 14 MenefogUo, Alfred, assistance by 14 Meyer, Frederick, assistance by 14 Middle Fork. See name of main stream. Miller, E. E., assistance by 14 MUlion gallons, definition of 24 Mill reservoir ditch near Aiea, discharge meas- urements 186 Miner's inch, definition of 24 Mission water head, discharge measurement . 392 Moanalua, flowing weUs near, discharge meas- urements 189 rainfall at, records of 436 Moanalulu Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Moaula, rainfall at, records of 461 Mohihi-Koaie divide, rainfall on, record of. .. 411 Mohihi Stream near Waimea, records of flow. 52-56 Mohihi Upper Crossing, rainfaU at, record of. 412 MokLhana Stream, discharge measurements.. 143 Page. Mokupea, rainfall at, records of 452 Molokai Island, area and position of 196 population of 196 streams of 197 topography of 196 Molokoa, rainfall at, records of 423 Mountain View, rainfall at, records of 484 Mount Olympus, rainfall at, records of 431 Multiple-point methods of measuring stream flow 20 Myers, J. R., assistance by 14 N. Naalehu, evaporation at, records of 491 rainfall at, records of 483 Nahiku, Koolau ditch near, discharge meas- urements 330 rainfall at, records of 454 temperature at, records of 494 Nailulihaele Stream near Huelo, discharge measurements 330 records of flow of 298-301 Nailiflihaele weir, New Hamakua ditch at, records of flow of 318-320 NailiUihaeleliilii Stream near Huelo, above intake of Old Hamakua ditch, discharge measurements 330 Namahana Peak, altitude of 128 Nanue Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 391 Nawiliwili Stream basin, rainfall in, records of 423-424 Needle, The, lao Valley, view of, plate show- ing 198 New Hamakua ditch. See Hamakua ditch, New. Ninole Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 391 Niulii, rainfall at, records of 480 Nuuanu, well in, section of 192 Nuuanu Pali, rainfall at, records of 434 Nuuanu Stream at Honolulu, records of flow of 163-164 diversions from 163 miscellaneous discharge measurements of. 168 Nuuanu Stream, East Fork, discharge meas- urements 168 Nuuanu Stream, West tributary, discharge measurements 168 Nuuanu Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements in 168 position of 163 rainfall in 163 records of 434-435, 436 O. Oahu Island, agricultural products of 148 area of 145 artesian water supply of 147 coral reefs of 147 evaporation on, records of 490-491 forestation of 148 gaging stations on, list of 33 map of, showing location of gaging sta- tions End of volume. mountain ranges of 145-147 population of 148 INDEX. 547 Page. Oahu Island, position and shape of 145 rainfall on 148 records of 429-443 sections of wells on 191-193 shore line of 147 springs and artesian wells of 187-196 streams of, character of 148 list of 506-507 miscellaneous discharge measure- ments of 186 records of flow of 148-185 temperature on, records of 493 transportation facilities on 148 wells on 147 Oahu Sugar Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 water pimiped by, at Waipahu, monthly summary of 193-194 Oanui Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 303-306 Okole Strewn, Hawaii, discharge measure- ment 391 Olaa flume, discharge measurement 392 Olaa mill, rainfall at, records of 485 Old Kahoma ditch. See Kahonia ditch. Old. Olinda, rainfall at, records of 457 Olokele ditch, miscellaneous discharge measurements of 144 near Makaw eli, records of flow 71-74 rainfall at, record of 416 Olokele mauka, rainfall at, record of 416 Olokele Stream, diversions from 70 Olowalu, Olowalu ditch near, records of flow 235-236 rainfaU at, records of 450 Ukiunehame Stream near, records of flow 234-235 Olowalu ditch near Olowalu, records of flow of 235-236 Olowalu mauka, rainfall at, records of 449 Olowalu Stream basin, position of 235 rainfaU in, records of 449-450 Olowalu Sugar Co., assistance bj' 14 Olympus, Mount, rainfaU at, records of 431 Onomea Stream, discharge measurements 390 Ookala, rainfall at, records of 471 Oopuola Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 278- 281 Opaeula-Anahula divide, rainfall on, records of 441 Opana ditch near Huelo, records of flow of. . 317-318 Opana Stream near Huelo, records of flow of. 316 Opana weir, Lowrie ditch at, records of flow of 326-328 Old Hamakua ditch at, records of flow of 322-324 Opea Stream, miscellaneous discharge measmrements 391 P. Paauhau mauka, rainfall at, records of 476 Paauhau, rainfall at, records of 476 Paauilo, rainfall at, records of 476 Pahala, rainfall at, records of 483 temperature at, records of 495 Pahoa, rainfall at, records of 485 Page. Paia, water pumped at, by Maui Agricultural Co., monthly summary of 331 Pailolo Channel, width of 197 Palama ditch above Wailiflni, discharge meas- urement 257 Palolo ditch near Waikapu, records of flow of 231-233 Palolo Stream, branches of 148 discharge measurement of, on lower Palolo road 152 diversions from 148 Palolo Stream basin, miscellaneous discharge measurements in 152 position of. 148 rainfall in, records of 431 Papaa (Kulanakii) Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 3 91 Papaaloa, rainfall at, records of 470 Papaaloa Stream, discharge measurements . . 391 Papaikou, rainfall at, records of 468 Papaikou Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Parker Stream, discharge measurements 184 Paukahana, rainfall at, record of 411 Pauoa ditch, discharge measurements 163 Pauoa-Manoa divide, rainfall on, records of. . 432 Pauoa Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements of 163 near Honolulu, records of flow of 160-162 Pauoa Stream basin, miscellaneous discharge measurements in 163 position of. 160 springs in 160 Peahi weir. Haiku ditch at, records of flow of 328-330 Pearl Harbor, springs aroimd, miscellaneous measurements 190 weUs around, miscellaneous measure- ments 190-191 Penhallow, H. B ., assistance by 14 Pepeekeo, Kawainui River near, flume and trestle across, plate showing view of 346 Kawainui River near, records of flow of. . 345 rainfall at, records of 469 Pepeekeo Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Pierce, C. H., work of 13 Piilani ditch near Lahaina, discharge measurement 257 Pioneer Mill Co., assistance by 14 monthly summary of water pumped by, at Lahaina 258 Pipe ditch near Kapaa, records of flow of, at Kapahi 123-125 Pogue, W. F., assistance by 14 Pohakunanaka Stream, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 390 Pohakupili, rainfall at, records of 426 Pohakupuka Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Poomau River, head of Waimea River 39 Poopoo Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Poowaiomahalhai ditch near Waimea, rec- ords of flow 75-76 548 INDEX. Page. Power ditch (diversion from Kealia River), miscellaneous discharge measure- ments of 144 Price current meters, view of, plate showing. 20 PrinceviUe Plantation Co. (Ltd.), assistance by 14 Puakea ranch, rainfall at, records of 481 PubUc Land Department, assistance by 13 PubUc Works Department, assistance by.... 13 Pueo, rainfall at, records of 426 Pukele Stream near Mahoe Springs, discharge measurement 152 Waiomao Stream above, records of flow of 149-151 Pukihae Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Pumping plants. East Maui, miscellaneous measurements of 331 West Maui, miscellaneous measurements of 258 Punahoa, Hilo water reservation at, discharge measurement 392 Mission water head at, discharge meas- urement 392 Punaluu, rainfall at, records of 456 spring at, flow of 408 Punaluu Stream above diversions, discharge measurements 177 near Hauula, records of flow of 176 Punaluu Stream basin, miscellaneous meas- urements in 177 position of 176 Punchbowl reservoir, evaporation at, rec- ords of 491 Puohakamoa Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 271-273 Pupukea, rainfall at, records of 441 Putnam, A. B ., assistance by 14 Puu Alaea Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Puu Eu Peak, altitude of Ill, 128 Puuhi, rainfall at, records of 422 Puu Kihe, rainfall at, records of 471 Puu Kukui Mountain, altitude of 197 rainfall on, records of 450, 451 Puuloa, rainfall at, records of 437 Puuloa ditch near Aiea, discharge measure- ments 186 Puu Lua, evaporation at, records of 488 rainfall at, record of 414 Puu Moi Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 390 Puunene, rainfall at, records of 459 water pumped at, by Hawaiian Commer- cial & Sugar Co., monthly sum- mary of 332 Puuohua Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Puu Olii Stream, discharge measurement 391 Puuomalei, Kaluanui ditch at, records of flow of 324-326 rainfall at, records of 458 Puu Oo, rainfall at, records of 463 Puuwaawaa, rainfall at, records of 481 Pv. Page. Rainfall, methods of procuring records of. . 408-409 records of, on Hawaii Island 462-486 on Kahoolawe Island 443, 460-461 on Kauai Island 409-429 on Maui Island 443-460 on Oahu Island 429-443 Rainfall stations, lists of, Hawaii Island... 462,486 lists of, Kauai Island 429 Maui and Kahoolawe Islands 444, 461 Oahu Island 430,443 Rain gages, types of 408-409 types of, view of , plate showing 408 Rating curves, construction of 26 Rating tables, application of, assumptions concerning 26 Renton, G. P., assistance by 14 Rice, C. A., assistance by 14 Rice, cultivation of, view of, plate showing. . 14 Rice ditch near Kapaa, discharge measure- ment 144 Robertson, G. H., assistance by 13 Run-oS in inches, definition of 24 S. Sanborn, W. F., assistance by 14 Schnack, A. G., work of 13 Schofield Barracks, rainfall at, records of 438 temperature at, records of 493 Schulz, H. R., work of 13 Scott, John A., assistance by 14 Searle, R. C, assistance by 14 Second-feet per square mile, definition of 24 Second-foot, definition of 23 Sedgwick, T. F., assistance by 14 Single-point methods of measuring stream flow 21 South Fork. See name of main stream. Spalding, R. P., assistance by 14 Spreckels ditch, head of 268 near Huelo, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements 330 records of flow of, at station No. 1 . 281-283 at station No. 2 284 at station No. 3 285-287 at station No. 4 287-289 at station No. 5 290-291 at station No. 6 291-292 at station No. 7 292-293 at station No. 8 293-294 near Waihee, records of flow of 206-208 near WaUuku, records of flow of, at Waiale weir 208-210 Spreckels ditch region, rainfall in, records of 455,456 streams and ditches in, records of flow of 268-294 Streams in 268 Spreckelsville, rainfall at, records of 459 Stewart, J. B., work of 13 Stockman, William B. , assistance by 13 Stodart, William, assistance by 14 Stream flow, field methods used in measur- ing 16-23 multiple-point metiods of measuring 20 office methods of computing and study- ing '.. 26-29 INDEX. 549 Page. Stream flow, single-point methods of measur- ing 21 units of measurement of, definition of . . . 23-24 velocity-area measurements of 19-23 vertical integration method of measuring . 21 vertical velocity curve method of meas- uring 20 weir measurements of 17-18 Sugar cane and irrigation ditch, view of, plate showing 14 Summit Camp, rainfall at, records of 425 Survey Department, assistance by 13 Swanzy, F. M., assistance by 13 T. Tables, explanation of 29-31 Tantalus (Isenberg), rainfall at, records of. . . 431 Tantalus, temperature at, records of 493 Taro, cultivation of, view of, plate showing. . 15 Temperature records, Hawaii Islands 493 Kauai Island 492-493 Oahu Island 493 variations in 491-492 Templeton, W. M., assistance by 14 Tenney, E. D., assistance by 13 Terms, definition of 23-24 Tripp, George, assistance by 14 Tucker, J. D., assistance by 13 Tunnel ditch near Kapaa, records of flow of, at Kapahi 118-120 U. Uhakauwai Stream near Hilo, discharge measin:ements 390 Ukulele, rainfaU at, records of 457 Ukumehame Stream near Olowalu, records of flow of 234-235 Ukumehame Stream basin, position of 234 Umikoa ranch, rainfall at, records of 473-474 Units of measurements of stream flow 23-24 Uwau Stream above mouth, discharge measurements 183 V. Velocity, determination of 19-22 Velocity, pasition of thread of mean 21 Velocity-area gaging station, view of, plate showing 16 Velocity-area measurements, methods used in 19-23 Vertical integration method of measuring stream flow .^ 21 Vertical velocity curve method of measuring stream flow 20 Volcano House, rainfall at, records of 484 W. Wading stations, measurements at 22 Wahiawa, North Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near, records of flow of 170 Wahiawa, rainfall at, records of 440 reservoir ditch near, discharge measure- ments 186 records of flow of 171-172 South Fork of Kaukonahua Stream near, records of flow of 169-170 Wahiawa reservoir ditch, gaging station on, view of, plate showing 16 miscellaneous discharge measurements.. 186 near Wahiawa, records of flow of 171-172 Page. Wahiawa Stream basin, rainfall in, records of 419-420 Wahiawa Water Co. (ltd.), assistance by . .•. . . 14 Waiaaraa Stream, miscellaneous discharge measnren-ients 390 Waiahi, rainfall at, records of 425 Waiahole, Waiahole. Stream at, records of flow of 180-181 Waiahole Stream, branches of 178 ditches from, miscellaneous discharge meas'irements. ±83-184 gaging station on, view of, plate showing. 16 miscellaneous discharge measurements of. 183 near Waikane, records of flow of, at Manianiaula 178-180 records of flow of, at Waiahole 180-181 Waiahole Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements in 183-184 position of 178 Waiahole- Waiawa divide, rainfall on, records of 438 Waiaka bridge, Kekaha ditch near, discharge measurements 144 Waiakea mill, rainfall at, records of 465 Waiakoali camp, evaporation at, records of. . 487 rainfall and evaporation station at, view of, plate showing 346 rainfall at, record of 413 Waiakoali Stream near Waimea, records of flow 48-52 Waialae-Makuone divide, rainfall on, record of 415 Waialae Stream abo^e confluence with Waimea River, discharge meas- urement 143 near Waimea, rainfall at, record of 414 records of flow 56-59 unnamed tributary of, discharge measure- ment 143 Waiale weir, Spreckels ditch at, records of flow of 208-210 Waialeale Mountain, altitude of 36 rainfall on, record of 415 Waiaiua, rainfaU at, records of 414 Waial'ia, water pumped at, by Waiaiua Agricultural Co., monthly sum- mary of 195-196 Waiahia Agricultural Co., assistance by 14 water pumped by, monthly summary of 195-196 Waiaiua mill, rainfall at , records of 440 Waianae, temperature at, records of 493 Waianae Co., assistance by 14 Waianae mauka, rainfall at, records of 439 Waianae Mill, rainfall at, records of 440 Waianae Mountains, area of 145 erosion of 145 Waianae Stream, discharge measurements, miscellaneous 173 Waianae Stream, West Fork, discharge meas- urements 173 Waianae Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements in 173 position of 173 rainfall in, records of 439 Waianu ditches, miscellaneous discharge measurements 186 550 INDEX. Page. Waianu Stream, ditches from, discharge measurements 183 misc^laneous discharge measurements. . . 183 near Waikane, records of flow of 182 Waianu Stream, Middle Fork, discharge measurements 183 Waianu Stream, North Fork, discharge meas- urements 183 Waianu Stream, South Fork, discharge meas- urements 183 Waianu Stream basin, miscellaneous discharge measurements in 183 Waiapele Lake, features of 335 Waiawaawa reservoir, Maiakii Stream above, discharge measurement 143 Waiawa, evaporation at, records of 488 rainfall at, record of 416, 438 Waiawa ditch, discharge measurements 180 Waiawa Stream basin, rainfall in, records of. . 438 Waiawa-Waiahole divide^ rainfall on, rec- ords of 438 Waiehu, Maui, rainfall at, records of 445 Waiehu ditch near WaUuku, Maui, records of flow of 212-215 Waiehu Falls, Kaui Island, South Fork of WaUua River above, records of flow 94-95 view of, plate showing 38 Waiehu Stream, Hawaii, discharge measure- ments 391 Waiehu Stream, Maui Island, branches of 210 diversions from 210 Waiehu Stream, North, Maui Island, near WaUuku, records of flow of 211-212 Waiehu Stream, South, Maui Island, near Wailuku, discharge measurement 256 near Wailuku, records of flow of 215-217 Waiehu Stream basin, Maui, position and area of 210 Waihee, Maui, Kapuna ditch (north side) above, discharge measurements. . 257 rainfall at, records of 445 Spreckels ditch near, records of flow of. . .206-208 Waihee canal near, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 257 records of flow of 202-204 Waihee Stream near, records of flow of. 199-202 Waihee canal near Waihee, Maui, miscella- neous discharge measurements. . . 257 near Waihee, Maui, records of flow of. . 202-204 near WaQuku, Maui, discharge measure- ments 257 records of flow of 205-206 Waihee Stream, diversions from 199 near Waihee, discharge measurement 256 records of flow of 199-202 Waihee Stream basin, area of 199 position of 199 rainfall in 199 records of 444-445 Waihee tunnels. Upper and Lower, above Waihee, discharge measurements. 258 Waihee water development tunnel, rainfall at, records of 444 Waihi Stream, miscellaneous discharge meas- urements of 183, 186 near Waikane, records of flow of 181 Page. Waihoi, rainfall at, records of 453 WaikakaJaua Stream basin, rainfall in, records of 438 Waikamoi mauka, rainfall at, records of 456 Waikamoi, rainfafl at, records of 456 Waikamoi Stream near Huelo, records of flow of 276-278 Waikane, Halona Stream near, records of flow of 182 Waiahole Stream near, records of flow of 17&-181 Waianu Stream near, records of flow of... 182 Waihi Stream near, records of flow of 181 Waikane ditch, discharge measurements 186 Waikane Stream, discharge measurements... 178 diversions from, discharge measurements. 178 Waikane Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements in 178 position of. 177 Waikapu, Palolo ditch near, records of flow- of 231-233 rainfall at, records of 449 South-Side Waikapu ditch near, records of flow of 228-230 Waikapu Stream near, discharge measiu'e- ments 256 records of flow of 225-227 Waikapu ditch. South Side, near Waikapu, records of flow of 228-230 Waikapu Stream near Waikapu, miscella- neous discharge measurements. . . 256 records of flow of 225-227 Waikapu Stream basin, features of 225 rainfall in, records of 448-449 Waikapu tunnel No. 1 near Waikapu, dis- charge measui-ement 258 Waikapu water development tunnel, rainfall at, records of 448 Waikaumalo, rainfall at, records of 470 Waikaumalo Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Waikoko Stream, discharge measurement... 143 Waikolo Stream, discharge measurements . . . 391 Waflua River, Kaui, branches of 90 diversions from 90-91 Wailua River, North Fork, divide between Hanalei River and, rainfaU on, records of 425 divide between Kapaa River and, rainfall on, records of 426 near Lihue, diagram showing fluctua- tions in stage of 102 records of flow 101-105 view of, plate showing 19 Wailua River, South Fork of falls on, plate showing view of 38 near Lihue, records of flow above Waiehu Falls 94-95 records of flow at siphon 91-94 Wailua River basin, Kaui. e.xtent and posi- tion of 90 rainfall in 90 records of 425 storage sites in 91 topography of . , 90 Wailua Stream, Hawaii, miscellaneous dis- charge measurements 391 INDEX. 551 Page. Wailuku, Maui, Culvert Creek near, discharge measurement 256 ditches above, miscellaneous discharge measurements 257 lao Stream near, discharge measure- ments above and below gaging station 256 records of flow of 218-221 lao tunnels near, discharge measure- ments 258 Kalana Auwai ditch above, discharge measurement 257 Kama Auwai ditch above, discharge measurements 257 Maniania ditch near, records of flow of. 222-224 Wailuku mill, rainfall at, records of 448 Wailuku mission, rainfall at, records of 447 North Waiehu ditch near, records of flow of 212-215 North Waiehu Stream near, records of flow of 211-212 Palama ditch above, discharge measure- ment 257 rainfall at, records of 447 South Waiehu Stream near, discharge measurement. 256 records of flow of 215-217 Spreckels ditch near, records of flow of. 208-210 temperature at, records of 494 Walhee canal near, discharge measure- ments 257 records of flow of 205-206 Walbridge ditch above, discharge meas- urement 257 Wailuku River basin. Hawaii, features of 337 Wailuku River, Hawaii, diversions from 337 near Hilo, discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for 339 minimum discharge of 347 records of flow of 337-340 tributaries of 337 combined flow of 347 view of, plate showing 334 Wailuku Sugar Co., assistance by 14 Waima, New Hamakua ditch at, records of flow of ; . 395 Waipio River below, records of flow of. . 394-395 Waima Stream near Waipio, records of flow of 402 Waimalino Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Waimalu, rainfall at, records of 437 Waimalu ditch, discharge measurements 186 Waimalu Stream above all ditches, discharge measurement 186 Waimalu Stream basin, rainfall at, records of. 437 Waimalu-uka, rainfall at, records of 437 Waimanalo, rainfall at, records of 443 Waimanalo ditch, capacity of 185 I Waimanalo reservoir, KaUua ditch above, discharge measurements 185 springs and ditches above, discharge meas- urements 185 Waimanalo Stream basin, miscellaneous dis- \ charge measurements in 185 i position of. 185 Page. Waimanalo Stream basin, water diverted to, from Kailua Stream basin 185 Waimea, Hawaii, rainfall at, records of 479 temperature at, records of 495 Waimea, Kaui, Kamenehune ditch near, rec- ords of flow 68-69 Kawaikoi Stream near, records of flow. . . 43-48 Kekaha ditch near, records of flow 59-67 Makaweli River near, records of flow 70-71 Mohihi Stream near, records of flow 52-56 Poowaiomahaihai ditch near, records of flow 75-76 rainfall at camp No. 7 near, record of 417 Waiakoali Stream near, records of flow . . 48-52 Waialae Stream near, records of flow 56-59 Waimea ditch near 67-68 Waimea River near, records of flow 40-43 Waimea Canyon, features of 37 rainfall near, record of 414 Waimea ditch near Waimea, Kaui 67-68 Waimea River, Kaui, above confluence with Koale Stream, discharge meas- urement 143 Waimea River basin, Kaui, area of 39 rainfall in 39 records of 411-414 streams in 39 Waimea River, near Waimea, Kaui, records of flow 40-43 Waialae Stream above confluence, with discharge measurement 143 Waimea Sugar Mill Co. (Ltd.), assistance by. 14 Wainaku flume, discharge measurement 392 Wainamuamu weir, near Kapaa, records of flow over 109 position of 107 Wainiha, Wainiha canal near, records of flow 139-142 Wainiha River near, records of flow 139 Wainitta and Waimea rivers, divide between, record of rainfall on 410 Wainiha canal, near Wainiha, records of flow of, at intake 139-140 records of flow of, at tailrace 142 at tunnel No. 18 141-142 rainfaU at intake of, records of 428 streams tributary to, discharge measure- ments 143 Wainiha ditch at gage No. 7, discharge meas- urement 144 Wainiha River, diversions from 139 near Wainiha, records of flow of, at power house 139 tributaries of 139 Wainiha River basin, area and position of . . . 139 rainfaU in 139 record of 428-429 Waiomao, rainfaU at, records of 431 Waiomao ditch, discharge measurements 152 Waiomao Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements of 152 near Honolxilu, records of flow of 149-151 Waiopae ranch, rainfall at, records of 460 Waipa Stream, discharge measurement 143 Waipahu, Oahu, ditches near, discharge meas- urements 186 552 INDEX. Page. Waipahu, Oahu, rainfall at, records of 439 water pumped at, by Oahu Sugar Co., monthly summary of 193-194 Waipio, Hawaii, Alakahi Stream near, records of flow of '10()-401 branches of Kawainui Stream near, rec- ords of flow of 399-400 Kawainui of Waipio River near, records of flow of 393,398-399 Koiawe Stream near, records of flow of. . . 401 Waima Stream near, records of flow of. . . 402 Waipio River near, records of flow of . . . 394-395 Waipio, Maui, Waipio River near, records of flow of 298 Waipio River, Hawaii, near Waipio, records of flow of 394-395 use of, for irrigation 333 Waipio River, Maui, records of flow of 298 Waipio River basin, Hawaii, features of 392 position of 392 rainfall in, 1901-1902 398 records of 478-479 records of flow of in, in 1901-1902 397-402 springs in 392 streams and ditches of 392 Page. Waipahoehoe Stream, diversion flume from, discharge measurements 390 miscellaneous discharge measurements ... 390 Waipunalei Stream, discharge measurement. 402 Walbridge ditch (south side) above Wailuku discharge measurement 257 Wall, W. A., assistance by 14 Wall, W. E., assistance by 13 Weather Bureau, Hawaiian section, assist- ance by 13 Welnrick, William, jr., assistance by 14 Weinzheimer, Ludwig, assistance by 14 Weir gaging station, view of, plate showing. . 16 Weir measurements, accuracy of results of... 17-18 comparison of, with current-meter meas- urements 18 diagram showing comparison of, with current meter measurements 18 Weloka Stream, miscellaneous discharge measurements 391 Whittemore, George S., assistance by 14 Wilcox ditch, rainfall at, records of 422 Wilcox, C. H., assistance by 14 Wilcox, E. v., appointed member of board of allotment 12 Wooten, W. P., assistance by 14 o «2d Conr. 3d S*i«. 552 INDEX. 552. •/ w 1346; S2< Corn, 9