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 AND ROUTES TO 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, LAKE GEORGE, 
 
 % 
 
 ^ 
 
 8HAR0H. u "' " ^ SPRINGS- 
 
 THURSTY McQUILL. 
 
 T 
 
 t THE STEAMBOATS 
 
 j C. "VITJB A "RD & D ATvTTT^T, rmEW 
 
 LEAVE NEW YORK EVERY MORNING, 
 
 From Vestry St. Pier and 23d St., (north of Erie Basin.) 
 
 RETURNING LEAVE 
 
 Albany, foot of Hamilton St., 
 
 Making the usual Landings. 
 
 Thursty McQuill's Guides sold at News Offices, on Cars and Steamboats. 
 
 PUBLISHED FOB, THIS LINE BY JOHN FEATHER8T0X, 
 
 Proprietor of News Stands oti the Vibbard and the Drew. 
 
r 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 BROWN & CLAGGETT, 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 Silks, Velvets, Shawls. Mantles, Real Laces and Ribbons, 
 
 One Thousand Dozen French Kid Gloves in all the new Shades and Styles. 
 
 Ladies and Gents Furnishings in Great Variety. 
 
 Ladies Costumes in Stock and made to order. 
 
 The Tweed and Cloth department is under the management of an able cutter. Gents 
 garments got up on shortest notice and latest styles. 
 
 Strangers and Tourists should not fail to visit this Renowned Establishment, as they 
 will always find a choice Stock of the latest Novelties. 
 
 IS'os. 434, 436 & 438 Notre Dame Street, and Nos. 25, 27 & 29 St. Helen Street, West End, 
 
 R. G.BROWN. MONTREAL. ft C. CLAGGETT. 
 
THE 
 
 HUDSON RIVER 
 
 BY 
 
 Daylight. 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, PLATTSBURG THE 
 
 ADIRONDACK, MONTREAL, THE THOUSAND ISLANDS, NIAGARA FALLS, 
 
 WATKINS' GLEN, RICHFIELD SPRINGS, COOPERSTOWN, SHARON, 
 
 HOWE'S CAVE, THE GREEN MOUNTAINS, MANCHESTER, 
 
 MIDDLETOWN AND LEBANON SPRINGS. 
 
 THE FIRST DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OK THE HUDSON EVER PUBLISHED. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 
 
 WALLACE BRUCE, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washi 
 
 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 JOHN FEATHERSTON, 
 
 Proprietor of News Stands on the Day Line of Steamboats. 
 NEW^ YORK, 1873. 
 
 mt 
 
 LOVEJOY, SON A CO., ELECTBOTYPERS, 15 VANDEWATEB ST., N. T. 
 
ESTABLISHED IS 18. 
 
 SOLE AGENTS FOE THE CELEBRATED 
 
 DLYSSE HARDIN WATCH. 
 
 THE FIRST PRIZE was awarded the above Watch at the annual competition 
 
 of the National Observatory in Switzerland, for 1868 and 18(59, 
 
 OVER ALL SWISS MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 ALSO IN STOCK, 
 
 WATCHES OF NOTED ENGLISH MAKERS. 
 
 ELECTRO-PLATEN 
 
 WARE. 
 
 THE LARGEST AS- 
 SORTMENT OF FINE 
 JEWELRY IN TBE 
 DOMINION. 
 
 OPERA AND MARINE 
 
 GLASSES. 
 
 LADIES' AND GENTS' 
 DRESSING BAGS 
 jj km CASES FITTED 
 COMPLETE. 
 
 SAVAGE, LYMAN & CO., 
 
 Nos. 226 and 228 St. James Street, Montreal. 
 
 Fine Cutler*/, Mantel and Traveling Clocks. All kinds of 
 
 Jewelry made to order. Chains a specialty. 
 
 ALSO, MANUFACTURERS OF SOLID SILVER WARE IN ALL ITS VARIETIES. 
 CAUTION.— Owing to the very great satisfaction given by the manufactures of JJwresB 
 
 5 pure- 
 
 226 and 228 St. James Street, Sign of the Illuminated Clock. 
 
 FTv\ 
 
 1 V. fi. -*"% A f\ 
 
StBUDSGN RIVER GUIDE-BOARD 
 
 V HO M 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY. 
 
 What a Person wishes to See and Know About the Hudson. 
 
 A Condensed Sketch of the Prominent Points of Interest, presenting 
 at once an Index to Book, Map, and River. 
 
 As the boat leaves the pier an extended view is obtained of (he upper bav 
 of New York — miles of shipping; and, in the southern distance, twelve 
 miles of Staten Island. 
 
 Trinity, St. Paul's, and St. John's. The three pointed church spires, 
 Trinity to the south, and St. John's to the North. 
 
 Prominent Buildings. Equitable and New York Life Insurance Com- 
 pany's, near Trinity spire, and the New Bennett Building, on Nassau street, 
 corner Fulton. 
 
 Jersey (Jity, on the opposite shore, also lined with the docks of ocean 
 steamers, once known as Pauius Hook. 
 
 Hoboken, on west side, a short distance above Jersey City. 
 
 Castle IIill,n rocky promontory above H&boken, crowned with the mansion 
 of the Stevens family. 
 
 Mysian Fields, above Castle Hill, sloping to the river. 
 
 Bergen Heights rise in the background, west of Hoboken. 
 
 Manhattan Market, a fine brick building on the New York side, at the 
 intersection of Tenth Avenue and Thirty-Fourth Street. 
 
 5 
 
Wediawken, the scene of the duel between Hamilton and Burr, on the west 
 bank, above tbe Elysian Fields. 
 
 Sixty-Fifth Street, marked by a rocky bluff on the New York side. 
 
 Mystery. The seven-story white building on the west, above Weehawken, 
 is only a lager-beer brewery. 
 
 Jones Hill, on New York side. The long wooden building, near the river, 
 is a shootinff-gallerv. 
 
 Lunatic Asylum, known as Bloomingdale Hospital, on the New York side, 
 between 115th and 100th streets. 
 
 Manhattanville, a citv suburb in the neighborhood of 132d street- 
 
 CarmansviUe (the home of Audubon, the great ornithologist), a city suburb 
 at 152d street, where you see a red building (sugar refinery). 
 
 River House. Hotel near the river, on the New York sid' v , once called the 
 Claremont Hotel. 
 
 Trinity Cemetery, above the hotel. 
 
 New York Institute for Deaf and Dumb. A large building of yellow Mil- 
 waukee brick, a little above CarmansviUe. Will accommodate 450 persons. 
 Incorporated 1817. 
 
 Tillie Teudlem, on west side, opposite CarmansviUe. Hotel, dock, <fcc. 
 
 Fort Lee, about a mile above Tillie Teudlem. The site of the old fort is 
 marked by a white fence on the bluff. 
 
 Palisades commence at Fort Lee. and extend fifteen miles. A sheer wall 
 of trap-rock, from 250 to 550 feet high, covered with trees that seem in the 
 distance like a fringe of shrubbery. 
 
 Washington Heights, on New York side, between 181st and 185th streets. 
 Almost opposite Fort Lee. 
 
 Fort Washington. The site of the old fort was near the residence of the 
 late James Gordon Bennett. The residence will be distinguished among the 
 trees by its gilded dome. 
 
 Jeffrey s Hook. A point jutting into the river below Washington Heights. 
 
 Innwood, A little station on the Hudson River Railroad, above the heights. 
 This place was once known as Tubbie Hook. 
 
 Palisade Mountain House. Large hotel on the Palisades, opposite Inn- 
 wood. 
 
 Spuyten Duyvel Greek (Harlem River), on the east, or New York side, 
 meets the Hudson. It reaches, in a southeasterly direction, to the Esst River, 
 
■**ii ■ * i M i. 
 
 forming the island of Manhattan, or New York. The island is twelve miles 
 long, averaging about two miles in width,— wedge-shape, pointing to the 
 Battery. 
 
 Spuyten Duyvel. A cluster of houses above the creek. 
 Westchester Heights rise above the village of Spuyten Duyvel. 
 
 Riverdale Station. First station on the Hudson Paver Railroad above 
 Spuyten Duyvel. 
 
 The Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent. Fifteen miles from New 
 York. The castle-like building in front, once known as Fonthill, built by 
 Edwin Forrest. 
 
 Yonkers. A fine, thriving town, seventeen miles from New York. Near 
 the landing we see the neat depot of the Hudson River Railroad. Also, the 
 principal news depot between New York and Albany. John Featherston, 
 proprietor. 
 
 . C. II. LilienthaVs Residence. A brown building, with square tower, two 
 miles above the landing. 
 
 Spring-IIitt Grove. Also on the east bank, and near by the ruins of a 
 pickle and preserve factory. 
 
 Dudley s Grove. Just beyond. 
 
 •Indian Head, The highest point of the Palisades, about opposite the Grove. 
 
 Hastings-on-the- Hudson. Four miles north of Yonkers, on the east side. 
 The sugar-refinery near the bank is the largest on the river. 
 
 Dobbs' Ferry. On the east side, above Hastings, twenty-two miles from 
 New York. The river now T widens into Tappan Bay. 
 
 Piermonty with its long .pier, on the Avest side, almost opposite. This was 
 once the terminus of the Erie Railroad, and marks the boundary-line between 
 New York and New Jersey. 
 
 Nevis. Once the home of Col. James Hamilton, on the east side, above 
 Dobbs' Ferry ; long columns in front of house. 
 
 Cottinet Place. Built of Caen Stone, near Nevis; pronounced the most 
 elegant residence on the Hudson. 
 
 Cyrus W. Field' 's Residence. Also between Dobbs' Ferry and Irvington. 
 
 Irvine/ton. 'Four miles north of Dobbs' Ferry, on east side; once known 
 as Dearman's. Name changed in honor of "Washington Irving. 
 
 Sunnyside. Haifa mile above Irvington Station; once called Wolfert's 
 Roost; near the river, and hardly visible through the trees. 
 
Cunningham Castle. Stone mansion, with pointed tower, on the hill. 
 
 Paulding Manor. The white marble edifice, of Elizabethan architecture. 
 The hot-house, with cupola, cost of itself $100,000. 
 
 Bierstadt, the artist, brown stone house, with cupola, south of the Paulding 
 manor. Mr. Halsted's residence (of the old firm of Halsted, Humes, & Co.), 
 in immediate neighborhood. 
 
 Tarry town. On east side, three miles above Iryington ; twenty-six miles 
 from New York. 
 
 Sleepy Hollow. A tittle north of Tarrytown. The old Dutch church is 
 visible with ;i glass, and the quiet graveyard where Irving- is buried. 
 
 Ex-Mayor Kingsland , s. Two summer-houses, or stationary bird-cages, will 
 be noticed on the east bank, just above Tarrytown. Here is the home of 
 Mr Kingsland. 
 
 William AxjHumdTn Tltxkh'.vcr. Above Tarrytown : brown square tower; 
 the largest on the river. 
 
 Johnny Dean's, and "his own Mary Ann." Near the river, below Mr. 
 Aspinwall's, and a little to ihe north, is the place where Johnny Dean met 
 "his own Mary Ann." 
 
 Nyaek. Opposite Tarrytown. (In the channel the ferryboat connects with 
 the Day Line.) The large building a little south of the village is the Rockland 
 Female Seminary. 
 
 Ramapo Mountains. Above Nyaek, on the west side; known by naviga- 
 tors as the Hook, or Point-no-Point. They lie in little headlands, 500 or 
 600 feet high, and reach most of the way from Nyack to Haverstraw. (The 
 point is, in fact, an illusion ; was once called Verdrietege's Hook ; now some- 
 times styled Rockland Lake Point.) 
 
 Sing Sing. On east side, six miles above Tarrytown. The white buildings 
 near the river-bank, south of the village, are the State Prison. 
 
 Rockland Lake. Almost opposite, on the west bank, between two hills. 
 This is the source of the Hackensack river, and the great ice-quarry for New 
 York. 
 
 Croton River, on the east bank, meets the Hudson about one mile above 
 Sing Sing, where you see the drawbridge of the Hudson River Railroad. 
 
 Croton Point. Just above Croton River. 
 
 Teller's Point. That part of Croton Point which juts into the Hudson. 
 Here is Underbill's grapery, and this point separates Tappan Zee from 
 Haverstraw Bay. 
 
Crohn. Just above the Point, on the eastern side. 
 
 Haver straw Bay. The widest part of the Hudson — five miles from Haver- 
 straw to Croton. Held as it were in the arms of Croton Point on the south, 
 and Verplank's Point on the north. 
 
 Haverstraw. On west bank. Two miles of brick-yard, north of Haver- 
 straw, line the river 
 
 High-ihorn, or Thornhill. The highest peak near the village, to the .south- 
 west. 
 
 Treason Hill. North of Haverstraw, where Arnold and Andre met, at the 
 house of Joshua Hett Smith. 
 
 Grassy Point. On west side, two miles above Haverstraw, 
 
 Montrasses Point. On the east side. 
 
 Mnrmsickongo Creek flows into the Hudson, just above Grassy Point 
 
 Stony Point. One mile above Grassy Point, on west side. The house and 
 lighthouse built on the site of the old fort, and in part of the same material. 
 
 Verplank's Point. On east side, directly opposite. The river here is only 
 half a mile wide. This was known as King's Ferry, at and before the Re- 
 volution. The Point is now adorned with brick-yards. 
 
 Tompkins Core. Lime-kiln and quarry on west side. 
 
 "PeekskiU. On east bank, above Verplank's Point, forty-two miles from 
 New York. 
 
 KichVit Point. Now called Caldwell's Landing-, on west side. The steamer 
 turns this point almost al right angles, and enters the Highlands. 
 
 Dunderberg, or Dunderbarrack, a mountain on west bank, about 1.000 feet 
 high. 
 
 lona Island. Grapery, and fine pic-nie. grounds. 
 
 T/te Nameless Highland. On east side. It. rises in two peaks, something 
 like Dumbarton Crag, on the river Clyde. 
 
 The Rare. The river channel is so termed by navigators, between lona 
 Island and the east bank. 
 
 Anthonys Nose, Prominent feature of the river, 1500 feet high. The 
 railroad tunnel is near the river. In front of tunnel a hole in the rock. 
 Here was fastened one end of the chain that was thrown across the channel 
 ; to obstruct British ships during the Revolution. 
 
 Montgomery Creek, on west side, empties into the Hudson about opposite 
 the point of Anthony's Nose. 
 
Fort Clinton was on the south side of this Creek, and Fort Montgomery on 
 the north side. 
 
 Highland LaJce, about one mile in circumference, on the south side of Mont- 
 gomery Creek. The site is marked by an ice-house. 
 
 Sugar-Loaf. Turning Anthony's Nose we get a good view of Sugar-Loaf 
 Mountain to the north. Cone-shaped, like Ailsa Crag, between Belfast and 
 Glasgow. 
 
 David McGuirc's Residence, south of Sugar-Loaf, on east side. 
 
 Beverly Dock, on east bank, where Arnold fled to the "Vulture." A little 
 boat-house now marks the point, 
 
 Hamilton Fish has a residence on the bluff under Sugar-Loaf. A brick 
 house, with flat roof. 
 
 " Benny Havens, Oh!" As the steamer approaches Cozzen's Landing we 
 see a small two-story house, witli verandah. Here still lives Benny Havens, 
 the original of the "West Point and College song. 
 
 Parry House, south of Cozzen's Hotel, near the river. Picturesque ruins 
 of an old mill in front. 
 
 Buttermilk Falls. A cascade above the Parry House. 
 
 Cozzen's Hotel On a rock two hundred feet above the river. Highland 
 Falls Village lies behind the bluff, a place of about 3,000 inhabitants. (Not 
 seen from the river.) 
 
 Cozzen's Landing. A romantic road cut through the rock leads from the 
 landing to tiie hotel. 
 
 West-Point Landing. A short mile above Cozzen's Landing. Academy, 
 Government Buildings, Parade Grounds, &c, on the finest elevation on the 
 Hudson. 
 
 Garrison. Opposite West Point, on east bank. 
 
 The Highland House. On cast side, about half a mile from the river, on a 
 magnificent plateau, inclosed by the North and Soutli Redoubt Mountains. 
 Indian Falls in the vicinity. 
 
 Kosciusco's Monument. Seen on the west side, above West-Point Landimr. 
 
 Fort Putnam, 596 feet high, overlooks the river, on the west side. A gray 
 and veteran ruin of '76. 
 
 West-Point Lighthouse. The Hudson here turns a right angle. Roe's Hotel 
 has a fine look off to the north. West-Point Village around the Point. 
 
 Constitution Island] opposite the Point. Here are also seen ruins of '76. 
 Near the river, home of Miss Warner, author of "Queechy " and " The Wide, 
 
 io 
 
BOAI> TO COZZENS' DOCK. 
 
 -The main road, partly cut like a sloping terrace in the roots, is 
 picturesque at every turn, but especially near the landing, whae 
 
 pleasant glimpses of the river and its water craft may be seen, -trom 
 Lossing's "Hudson, From the Wilderness to the Sea ." 
 
Wide World,'' — a neat White cottage, surrounded by trees, above the boat- 
 house. A chain Was also thrown across from this Island to West Point. 
 
 The Tiro Brother*. Twin rocks above Constitution Island, covered in high 
 water. 
 
 Old (ho -Ne*t Mountain. On west side, above the Point, 1,418 feet high. 
 Scene of Rodman Drake's "Culprit Fay-" 
 
 Kidd'8 Plug Cliff. The precipice fronting the river, toward the northern 
 peak of Cro'-Nest. 
 
 Cold Spring. Ou east bank, opposite Old Cro'-Nest. 
 
 Under cliff. A short distance north of Cold Spring, once the home of Ceo. 
 P. Morris, on an elevated plateau above the river. 
 
 Mount Taurus, or Bull Hill, above Undercliff. 
 
 Little Stony Point. Under Mount Taurus, Named from resemblance to 
 Stony Point, south of the Highlands. 
 
 Break Neck. Above Mount Taurus, on the east side. Here was once the 
 Turk's Face, now blasted away. It is said a man did it in spite, and was 
 soon after " blown up" himself. 
 
 Storm King. On west bank, above Old Cro'-Nest. It \v:is once known 
 as Butter Hill, and years ago as Klinkersberg. Its present name was given 
 by Willis. This is the highest point of the Highlands— about 1800 teet. 
 
 Beacon Hill is now seen on the east bank, alter passing Break-Neck— about 
 1471 feet high. 
 
 Fishkill Mountains trend oft* to the northeast, across the southern part of 
 Duchess County. 
 
 Cornwall, with its pleasant Summer Homes on west side above Storm 
 King. 
 
 PollipcVs Island. At upper portal of the Highlands, near the east bank, 
 
 Idlewild. Once home of N. P. Willis, on west side, about one mile above 
 Cornwall. (Gothic house north of an open held, the »>rd above a high towered 
 building.) 
 
 New Windsor, on west, side about 4 miles north of Cornwall, once the rival 
 of Newburgh : now a brick-yard. 
 
 Newburgh Bay. The river here widens into one of the finest bays on the 
 Hudson. 
 
 Washington 'k Head Quarters. As the boat approaches the city, we see the 
 Head Quarters of Washington; a flag-staff marks the point. The old build- 
 
 12 
 
ing is also seen with tall chimneys ami steep roof almost sloping to the 
 foundations. 
 
 Newbnrgh City. Rising in natural terraces. 
 
 Fishkitt Landing. On east side opposite Newburgh. 
 
 Low Point, or Carthage. On east side above Fishkill. 
 
 Devil's Dans Kammer. Flat rock on the west side, covered with Cedars, 
 named the Devil's Dancing Chamber by Hendrich Hudson from an Indian 
 Pow-wow witnessed here. 
 
 New Hamburgh, above Low Point, on the east Bide at the mouth of Wap- 
 pinger's Creek. 
 
 Hampton Point, opposite New Hamburgh. Here arc the finest white cedars 
 on the river. 
 
 Marlborough. Also on west side above Hampton Point. 
 
 Barnegat, on east side. 
 
 Shawangvnk Mountain*, on the west side reach away in the distance 
 toward the Catskills. 
 
 Milton. The raspberry and strawberry town on west side above Marl- 
 borough. 
 
 Locust Grove. Large brown house on east side, with square tower, home 
 of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Cemetery, on east side ; old Livingston Place directly above 
 on a wooded point; near by a large rolling mill is being built. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, 74 miles from New York. Queen City of the Hudson. 
 Situated for the most part On a plateau about 200 feet above the river. 
 
 Hiverview Military Academy. Large brick building on a fine eminence. 
 
 Buckeye Mower Manufactory, Adriance, Plait & Co.. proprietors. Fine 
 buildings, near the river bank. 
 
 Kaal Rock, near P<>ughkeep>ie landing. Its name signifies Barren Roek. 
 Vassar Brewery. Long white buildings above the landing. 
 
 New Palt-i Landing, opposite Poughkeepsie. The west banks here are also 
 fine and picturesque. 
 
 Poughkeepsie Watt/- Works. On cast bank about one mile above the land- 
 ing. The water is forced from the river to a reservoir on Academy Hill. 
 The hill is crowned by Hon. George Morgan's residence, built after the model 
 of the Parthenon. 
 
 Mr. Window'.* Residence, on cast bank. 
 
 *3 
 
The Insane Asylum. About two miles above Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Joseph Boorman, First President of the Hudson River R. R., lives about 
 3 miles north of Insane Asylum, -where an iron bridge crosses the track. A 
 pretty stone summer house on the point. 
 
 Hyde Park, on cast side, six miles north of Poughkeepsie. Connected 
 with Poughkeepsie by a succession of villas; the finest drive in the country. 
 
 Placentia, on west side, about one mile above Hyde Park. Once home 
 of James K. Paulding, friend of Washington Irving. 
 
 Doctor Hussadcs Estate, on east side. The front painted blue and white. 
 Corinthian pillars. 
 
 Esopus Island and Meadows, on west side. 
 
 Staatsburgh , above Hyde Park on east side. Mr. Pell's great apple orchard 
 almost opposite; stone store-house near the river. The river begins to widen 
 into Rondout Bay. 
 
 Rhinecliff, or Rhinebeck Landing, on the east side. 
 
 Rondout, or City of Kingston, on west side. A little south of Rondout is 
 Port Ewen, known as the " Deserted Village." 
 
 Rokeby. Wm. 13. Astor's residence, above RhineclifF, with tower and 
 pointed roof. 
 
 Barryiown, on east side. 
 
 Cruger's Island. 2 miles above Barrytow n, with an imported ruin from 
 Italy on the south end of Island. 
 
 Tivoli, on east side, 100 miles from New York. 
 
 Glasgo. A little south of Tivoli, on west side. 
 
 Saugerties. A little to the north of Tivoli, on west side, at the mouth of 
 Esopus Creek. 
 
 Maiden. Above Saugcrties, on west side. Dock covered with blue stone 
 
 Clermont. Above Tivoli, on east side. The original Livingston manor. 
 
 West Camp. On west side, above Maiden. 
 
 Four County Island. Near west bank ; the "meeting point " of Duchess, 
 Columbia, Greene, and Ulster. 
 
 Germantoicn. On east side. 105 miles from New York. 
 
 Man in the Mountain. From this point we get a fine view of the reclining 
 giant. You can trace it by the following outline:— the peak to the south is 
 the knee; the next to the north the breast; and two or three above this, the 
 chin, the nose, and the forehead. 
 
 14 
 
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 JO >T* 
 
 K* ^ 
 
 P a 
 
 O CO 
 
 c O 
 crq ~ 
 
 ft 
 ft 
 ►d 
 w 
 
 ft 
 
 ■ ilflK 
 
Pound Top. The highest point of the Catskills, 4000 feet high. 
 
 Catskill Mountain House, will be seen in a clear day like a snow drift, 
 left on the mountains. 
 
 Livingston. On east side. A small station on the Hudson River Rail Ro'ad, 
 about 4 miles above Germantown. 
 
 Catskill. On west side, just above Catskill Creek. 
 
 Prospect Point Hotel. On a line eminence to north of landing. 
 
 Church, the Artist, has a new residence on east side on a hill, almost op- 
 posite Catskill. 
 
 Mount Merino. On east side, about two miles up the river. Owned by 
 Col. O. D. Ashley. 
 
 Hudson. On east side. Promenade hill just above the landing. 
 
 Athens. Opposite. Hudson River Depot tor freight, large building near 
 
 the river. 
 
 Stockport. On east side, four miles north of Hudson, near the mouth of 
 Columbiaville Creek. This creek is formed by the union of the Kinderhook 
 and Claverack Creeks. 
 
 Four-mile- Point. On west side, about V2o feel, high ; four miles from 
 Hudson and four from Coxsackie. Narrow channel for 2 miles eiose to the 
 west, shore. Average about 850 feet wide. At upper end of narrow channel 
 Grape vine dock and a Grapery of 100 acres. 
 
 Coxmckie. On west side, 8 miles from Hudson. 
 Newton Hook ; opposite Coxsackie : the wooded point is called Prospeci Grove. 
 
 Stuycesarit. On the cast side. Once called Kinderhook Landing. 
 
 Sehodack Island. On east side, about two miles above- Stuyvesant. The 
 island is about 3 miles long, covered mostly with broom corn. 
 
 Sew Baltimore. About opposite the centre of Sehodack Island; fifteen 
 miles from Hudson and fifteen from Albany. Tiie government dykes begin 
 opposite New Baltimore. 
 
 Barren Island. Sate of the famous "Castle of Rensselaerstien" (vid. 
 living's Knickerbocker). Four counties also meet here,— Columbia, Ren<se- 
 laer, Greene, and Albany. Island %. mile long, : ~ mile wide. 
 
 Coeymans. Right above Barren Island: connected with a dyke. Above 
 Coeymans is what is known as the Coeymans' Cross Over. 
 
 Shad Mind. The first island to the westward above Coeymans: 3 miles 
 long: old Indian fishing ground. 
 
 lb 
 
Nine-mite- Tree. On east bank. Casileton. One mile above Tree, on east 
 side. Campbell's Island. On lower end a light. 
 
 Cedar Hill Dock. Opposite this light. 
 
 Stoats Island. Above Campbell's Island. This was settled by the Staats 
 family before the arrival of the Van Rensselaers', and never belonged to the 
 Patroon. The honse is about 200 years old; at least a part of it, and mostly 
 built of stone. 
 
 The Overslaugh reaches from VanWies' Point; (the first point above Cedar 
 Hill,) about two miles up the river. 
 
 Albany is now near at hand, and we see to the south the Convent of the 
 Sacred Heart; to the north the Cathedral, the Capitol, the Stale House, the 
 City Hall, &c. Greenbush opposite. Connected with Albany by ferries 
 and two fine substantial bridges. 
 
 Troy, on east bank, six miles from Albany. West Troy, opposite. 
 Thus, in brief, we have traced the river, as it were step by step, from 
 New York to the head of tide-water; and we have endeavored to make 
 these pages a practical Guide-Board to the various points of historic and le- 
 gendary interest which literally till our river valley. The Hand, whose index 
 finger has thus far pointed north, opens at Albany, and with five fingers 
 points to — , 
 
 1. Cooperstown, Sharon and Richfield Springs. 
 
 2. Niagara Falls and Watkins Glen. 
 
 3. Saratoga, Lake George and Plattsburg. 
 
 4. Montreal, and the Thousand Islands. 
 
 5. The White and Green Mountains. 
 
 To each of these summer routes we will call your attention, at the close 
 of the Hudson sketch. 
 
 And now, as we present our Hudson Handbook for the fifth year to the 
 traveling public, we wish to express our acknowledgments to the gentle- 
 manly captains and pilots of the day-boats, for many facts here presented in 
 this analysis — facts which we could not have gathered either from books or 
 libraries. We would also acknowledge the kindness of our friend Mr. Benson 
 J. Lossing, and his publishers, Messrs. Virtue & Yorston, 12 Hey Street, in 
 allowing us a selection of their beautiful cuts.which have made the " Hudson, 
 from the Wilderness to the Sea," a book without a rival, either in England 
 or America. w. b. 
 
 17 
 
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 18 
 
THE HUDSON". 
 
 The Hudson has been called the Shate-muck, the Mohegan, the Man- 
 hattan, the Noordt Montaigne, the Mauritius, the North River, and the 
 River of the Mountains. It was called the Hudson River, not by the 
 Dutch as generally stated, but by the English, as Henry Hudson was an 
 Englishman, although he sailed from a Dutch port, with a Dutch crew, 
 and a Dutch vessel. The river was called the Mauritius in a letter to 
 
 OLOFFE VAN X0KTLANI>T , 8 T>FFAM. 
 
 the "High and mighty Lords" of Holland, written November 5, 162(5. 
 It was called the North River to distinguish it from the Delaware, called 
 the South River. The Spaniards called it the River of the Mountains. 
 It was discovered in the year 1609. The town of Commnnipaw wa^s 
 founded soon after, and according to Knickerbocker, — whose quiet humor 
 is always read and re-read with pleasure, — might justly be considered 
 the mother colony of our glorious city: for lo! the sage Oloffe Van 
 19 
 
Kortlandt dreamed a dream, and the good St. Nicholas came riding 
 over the tops of the trees, and descended upon the island of Manhattan 
 and sat himself down and smoked, "and the smoke ascended into the 
 sky, and formed a cloud overhead ; and Oloffe bethought him, and he 
 hastened and cliinbed up to the top of one of the tallest trees, and saw 
 that the smoke spread over a great extent of country; and, as he con- 
 sidered it more attentively, he fancied that the great volume assumed 
 a variety of marvelous forms, where, in dim obscurity, he saw shadowed 
 out palaces and domes and lofty spires, all of which lasted but a mo- 
 ment, and then passed away." So New York, like Alba Longa and 
 Rome, and other cities of antiquity, was under the immediate care of 
 its tutelar saint. Its destiny was foreshadowed, for now the palaces 
 and domes and lofty spires are real and genuine, and something more 
 than dreams arc made of. 
 
 New Yoek, by virtue of its admirable position, soon became ilio 
 headquarters of the fur trade. The merchants of North Holland or- 
 ganized a company, and obtained from the States General, in 1614, a 
 charter to trade in the New Netherlands ; and, soon after, a colony 
 built a few houses and a fort near the Battery. The entire island was 
 purchased from the Indians, 1624, for the sum of sixty guilders, or 
 about twenty-four dollars. A fort was also built at Albany in 1623, and 
 known as Fort Aurania, or Fort Orange. New York was called for 
 years New Amsterdam ; but in the year 1664, when tiese forts were 
 surrendered to the English, the two settlements took the names of New 
 York and Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany. In June, 
 1636, the first land was bought on Long Island ; and in 1667 the Ferry 
 Town, opposite New York, was known by the name Breuckelen, sig- 
 nifying broken land, but the name was not generally accepted until 
 after the Revolution. Bergen was the oldest settlement in New Jersey. 
 It was founded in 1616 by the Dutch colonists to the New Netherlands, 
 and received its name from Bergen, in Norway. Paulus Hook, or 
 Jersey City, in 1638 was the farm of William Kieft, Director-General of 
 the Dutch West India Company. 
 
 So much for the early history of New York and the surrounding 
 
 20 
 
cities, which have sprung up as it were in a day; for, as late as 1800 the 
 city of Brooklyn Lad only 2,000 inhabitants, and, in 1820, Jersey City 
 only 300. 
 
 Hendkich Hudson and the Half Moon. — The first voyagers up the 
 Hudson weie, as before stated, Hendrich Hudson and his crew of the 
 " Half Moon." He anchored off Sandy Hook September 3d, 1609, and 
 remained off the Hook a little more than a week. He then passed 
 through the Narrows, and anchored in what is now called Newark Bay; 
 on the 12th resumed his voyage, and, drifting with the tide, anchored 
 over night on the 13th just above "Yonkcrs ; on the 14th passed Tappan 
 and Haverstraw Bays, entered the Highlands, and anchored for the 
 night near West Point. On the morning of the 15th entered Newburgh 
 Bay, and reached Catskill on the lGth, Athens on the 17th, and Castle- 
 ton and Albany on the 18th, and then sent out an exploring boat as far 
 as Waterford. His return voyage began on the 23d. He anchored 
 again in Newburgh Bay the 25th, and reached Stony Point October 1st ; 
 reached Sandy Hook the 4th, and then returned to Euroj>e. The 
 "Half Moon " was becalmed off Sandy Hook, and the people of the 
 mountains came to see them. "We might also add, in this place, that it 
 is claimed by some that Hendrich Hudson was the first to call the river 
 " The River of the Mountains, " a name which the Spaniards and French 
 afterward adopted. The Iroquois called it the Co-hat-a-tea. The 
 Mohegans andLenapes called it theMohegan, orMah-i-can-i-tuk — "the 
 continually flowing waters, " — probably from the tide, which rises and 
 falls from New York to Troy. The name Mauritius was given in honor 
 of Prince Maurice, of Nassau, in the year 1611. 
 
 The Old Reaches. — The Hudson was divided at one time by the old 
 navigators, long before the days of "propelling steam," into fourteen 
 Reaches — one of which names is still used in the poetic name of Claver- 
 ack, the Clover-Reach. We will give 3ome of these as a matter of his- 
 toric interest: — 
 
 The Great Chip-Rock Reach — the Palisades — weie known by the 
 old Dutch settlers as the "Great Chip," and so styled in the 
 Bergen Deed of Purchase, viz., the great chip above Weehawken. 
 
 2 1 
 
The Tappan Reach, on the east side of which dwelt the Manhattans, 
 on the west side the Saulrickans and the Tappans. The third reach 
 extends upward to a narrow point called Haverstroo; then comes the 
 Seylmaker 's reach, and then Crescent reach ; next Hoge's reach, and then 
 Yorsen reach, which extends to Klinkersberg, or Storm King, the 
 northern portal of the Highlands. This is succeeded by Fisher's reach, 
 where, on the east side, once dwelt a race of savages called Pachami. 
 "This reach," in the language of De Laet, " extends to another narrow 
 pass, where, on the west, is a point of land which juts out, covered with 
 sand, opposite a bend in the river, on which another nation of savages 
 — the Waoranecks — have their abode at a place called Esopus. Next, 
 another reach, called Claverack; then Backerack; next the Playsier 
 reach, and Taste reach, as far as Hinnenhocl: ; then the Himte?'s' reach, 
 as far as Kinderhook ; and Fisher's Hook, near Shad Island, over which, 
 on the east side, dwell the Mohegans." These old reaches and names 
 have long passed away from the use or memory of even the river pilots, 
 and may, perhaps, possess interest only to the antiquarian. But 
 there are 
 
 FIVE DIVISIONS, OR REACHES, OF THE HUDSON, 
 
 which we imagine will have interest for all, as they present in brief an 
 analysis easy to be remembered — divisions marked by something more 
 substantial than sentiment or fancy, expressing five distinct charac- 
 teristics — 
 
 GRANDEUR, REPOSE, SUBLIMITY, THE PICTURESQUE, BEAUTY. 
 
 1. The Palisades, an unbroken wall of rock for fifteen miles — 
 Grandeur. 
 
 2. The Tappan Zee, surrounded by the sloping hills of Nyack, Tarry- 
 town, and Sleepy Hollow — Repose. 
 
 3. The Highlands, where the Hudson for twenty miles plays "hide 
 and seek " with " hills rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun," — Sub- 
 limity. 
 
 4. The Hillsides for miles above and below Poughkeepsie — The 
 Picturesque. 
 
 5. The Catskllls, on the west, throned in queenly dignity — Beauty. 
 
 22 
 
THE PALISADES— GRANDEUR. 
 
 " And as you nearer draw, each wooded height 
 Puts off the azure hues by distance given, 
 And slowly break upon the enamored sight 
 Ravine, crag, field, and wood, in colors true and bright. " 
 
 We know of no other river in the world which presents so great a 
 variety of views as the Hudson. Throughout its whole extent, from 
 the "Wilderness to the Sea," from the Adirondacks to Staten Island, 
 there is a combination of the finest pictures; and each division which 
 we have indicated seems to illustrate some of the best scenery of the 
 old world. With only a slight stretch of fancy, we imagine the tourist 
 may find Loch Katrine " nestled " among the mountains of our own 
 Highlands; will see in the Catskills the Sunset Mountains of Arran; and 
 in the Palisades the Giant'3 Causeway of Ireland. 
 
 In reference to tins idea of jncture combination, we can appropri- 
 ately cite the words of George William Curtis, who pronounces the 
 Hudson grander than the Rhine. He says, "The Danube has in part 
 glimpses of such grandeur. The Elbe has sometimes such delicately 
 pencilled effects. But no European river is so lordly in its bearing, 
 none flows in such state to the sea." Thackeray, also, in his "Virgin- 
 ians," has given to the Hudson the verdict of beauty; and we imagine 
 this is the unprejudiced opinion of tourists and travelers. 
 
 The Palisades, or Great Chip Rock, as they were known by the old 
 Dutch settlers, present the same bold front to the river that the Giants' 
 Causeway does to the ocean. We should judge these rocks to be of 
 about the same height and the same extent. The Palisades are from 
 two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet high, and extend about fifteen 
 miles, from Fort Lee to the hills of Rockland County. As the basaltic 
 trap-rock is one of the oldest geological formations, we might still ap- 
 propriately style the Palisades "a chip of the old block." They sepa- 
 rate the valley of the Hudson from the valley of the Hackensack. The 
 Hackensack rises in Rockland Lake, within two or three hundred yards 
 of the Hudson, and the rivers flow thirty miles side by side, but are 
 effectually separated from each other by a wall more substantial than 
 even the 2,000 mile structure of the "Heathen Chinee." 
 
 Weehawken, one of the sad historic spots of the Hudson, was much 
 
 23 
 
frequented years ago; but the place is hardly ever visited iu these latter 
 days. In fact, everything is changed. The narrow ledge of rock where 
 Hamilton fell in a duel with Aaron Burr on the morning of July 11 , 1804, 
 has made way for the "West Side Railroad; and we are not sorry that the 
 last vestige connected with a " false code of honor" has been removed. 
 
 DUEIiMNG GKOTTND, WEEHAWKEN. 
 
 (From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 
 
 The St. Andrew's Societv, a short time after the duel, erected a monu- 
 ment on the spot to the memory of the great statesman, but that too 
 was gradually destroyed by visitois, and taken away iu pieces, souvenirs 
 
 of a sad tragedy. 
 
 & J 24 
 
Spuyten Duyvei, Cbeek. — This is the first point of special legendary 
 interest, and takes its name from a highly chivalric and poetic incident. 
 It seems that the famorar Antony Van Corlearwas despatched one even- 
 ing with an important message up the Hudson. When he arrived at 
 this creek, the wind was high, the elements were in an uproar, and no 
 boatman at hand. "For a short time," it is said, " he vapored like an 
 impatient ghost upon the brink, and then, bethinking himself of the 
 urgency of his errand, took a hearty embrace of his stone bottle, swore 
 most valorously that he would swim across en spijt en Duyvel (in spite 
 of the Devil) and daringly plunged into the stream. Luckless Antony! 
 Scarce had he buffeted half way over when he was observed to struggle 
 violently, as if battling with the spirit of the waters. Instinctively he 
 
 If 
 
 put his trumpet to his month, and giving a vehement blast — sank for- 
 ever to the bottom. " 
 
 Passing the Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, a fine 
 structure on the east bank of the river, we come to 
 
 Yonkeks, where Hendrich Hudson anchored one September evening, 
 1609. In the quaint language of those days, he ' ' found a loving people, 
 who attained great age.' 1 It is also generally believed that this was the 
 place where Hendrich Hudson and his mate, llobert Juet, made that 
 sage experiment, gravely recorded in the narrative of the discovery. 
 "Our master and his mate determined to try some of the chief men of 
 the country, whether they had any treachery in them; so they took 
 them down into the cabin, and gave them so much wine and aqua vita) 
 that they were all very merrie. In the end one of them was drunk, and 
 that was strange to them, for they could not tell how to take it." One 
 thing is certain, they learned how, as soon as they had opportunity— 
 the only branch of civilization for which they appear to have had a 
 natural taste. It is moreover said that the effect of this imported jug- 
 glery was decidedly strange, and soon after Hendrich's departure it 
 came to be believed by the red men, who had seen the zigzag effect of 
 fire-water on their brethren, that the Hudson must, at some period of 
 the world's history, have become inebriated, to have made such a wind- 
 ing channel to the sea, and they instituted a search for the fire-water 
 
 2s 
 
fountain. Of course they were unable to find the mysterious fountain; 
 but the real legend is one of the oldest and therefore most reliable of 
 our river traditions. This is the mouth of the Neperan, or Sawmill 
 Kiver, and here, in an obscure nook of the Hudson, west of the creek, 
 is a large rock, which was called Meech-keek-assin, or Aniackasin, the 
 great stone to which the Indians paid reverence as an evidence of the 
 permanency and immutability of their deity. 
 
 It is generally said that Yonkers derived its name from Yonk-herr — 
 the young heir, or young sir, of the Phillipsie manor. The English 
 and Scotch word, however, as used by Shakespeare and Burns (viz., 
 yonker and younkers) makes a voyage to a foreign language quite un- 
 necessary. 
 
 The old manor house, near the river and above the landing, was 
 purchased a short time ago by the village of Yonkers, and converted 
 for the most part into offices for transacting town affairs. The older 
 portion of the house was built in 1682; the present front in 1745. The 
 woodwork is very interesting, and the ceilings, the large hall, and wide 
 fireplace. In the room pointed out as Washington's room, the fireplace 
 still retains the old tiles, "illustrating familiar passages in Bible his- 
 tory," fifty on each side, looking as clear as if they were made but 
 yesterday. The town is growing very rapidly, and is almost a part of 
 the great metropolis. 
 
 Hastings, four miles north of Yonkers and twenty-one from New 
 York, is almost opposite the highest point of the Palisades, viz. , ' ' Indian 
 Head." Here, it is said, Garibaldi used to spend his Sundays with 
 Italian friends, at the time that he was "keeping a soap and candle 
 factory on Staten Island. " 
 
 Doebs' Ferry is the next village above Hastings, on the east side, 
 named after an old Swedish ferryman. It is the scene of a romantic 
 story, long ago put in verse, and styled the "Legend of Dobbs' Ferry, 
 or the Marital Fate of Hendrich and Katrina. " The river now widens 
 into a beautiful bay, known as the Mediterranean Sea of the New Neth- 
 erlands, and we come to our second division. 
 
 26 
 
TAPPAN ZEE— KEPOSE. 
 
 " Cool shades and dews are round my way, 
 And silence of the early day, 
 'Mid the dark rocks that watch his bed 
 Glitters the mighty Hudson spread 
 Unrippled, save by drops that fall 
 From shrubs that fringe his mountain wall; 
 And o'er the clear still water swells 
 The music of the Sabbath bells." 
 
 The Palisades now lose their wall-like character, and break away in 
 little headlands to the north and northwest; and now, as we pass Piee- 
 mont, on the west side, we leave behind ns the New Jersey wall, which 
 was almost enough to "keep her out of the Union," and are entirely 
 within the jurisdiction of the Empire State — the New Jersey line is only 
 a short distance below Piermont. The pier of the Erie railroad, which 
 here juts into the river, is about one mile in length, and gives the name 
 to the village. The boulevard from this point to Rockland Lake, pass- 
 ing through Nyack, will soon be one of the finest drives on the Hudson. 
 About two miles from Piermont is the old village of Tappan, where 
 Andre was executed. 
 
 Irvington is about opposite Piermont, twenty-four miles from New 
 York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the sloping hills 
 that look over this tranquil bay are literally covered with beautiful 
 villas and charming grounds. About half a mile above the depot, and 
 near the river bank, almost hid in foliage, is 
 
 SuNNYsrDE, the great classic and poetic spot of our country — the 
 home of Washington Irving, who laid the corner-stone of American 
 literature. Fifty years ago the English critic sneeringly asked, "Who 
 reads an American book ? " Irving quietly answered the question, and 
 carried the war into the enemy's country by writing "Braeebridge 
 Hall," "Westminster Abbey," and "Stratford-on-Avon;" and his name 
 is cherished to-day in England almost as fondly as in our own country. 
 A few years ago it was our good fortune to pass a few days in the very 
 centre of "Merrie England," in that quiet town on the Avou, and we 
 found the name of Irving almost as reverently regarded as that of the 
 
 27 
 
immortal Shakespeare. The sitting-room in the "Red Horse Hotel, 1 ' 
 where he was disturbed in his midnight reverie, is still called Irving's 
 room, and the walls hung with portraits taken at different periods of 
 ids life. Mine host said that visitors from every land were as much in- 
 terested in this room as in Shakespeare's birthplace. The remark may 
 have been intensified to Hatter an American visitor, but there are few 
 names dearer to the Anglo-Saxon race than that on the plain headstone 
 in the burial-yard of Sleepy Hollow. 
 
 In Irving's essay of " Woliert's Boost" (the old name of Sunnyside) 
 he describes his home very aptly as "made up of gable-ends, and full 
 of angles and corners as an old cocked hat. It is said, in fact, to have 
 been modelled after the cocked hat of Peter the Headstrong, as the 
 Eseurial of Spain was modelled after the gridiron of the blessed St. 
 Laurence." The late Napoleon III. was at one time a visitor at Sunny- 
 side; and here, in 1842, Daniel Webster paid Irving a visit, with ap- 
 pointment and credentials as Minister to Spain. 
 
 Tarkytown is also on the east side, about three miles north of Ir- 
 vington. Its name was derived from the old Dutch word Tarwe-town , 
 or wheat-town, although Knickerbocker's natural philosophy imagined 
 that it arose from the tarrying of husband at the village tavern. 
 
 On the old post-road, now called Broadway, going north from the 
 village, Major Andre was captured, and a monument erected on the 
 spot by the people of Westchester County, October 7, 1853, with this 
 inscription : — 
 
 ON THIS SPOT, 
 THE 23D DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1780, THE SPS, 
 
 MAJOB JOHN ANDBE, 
 
 Adjutaut-Gencral of the British Army, was captured by 
 John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wart, 
 all. natives of this county. 
 History has told the rest- 
 It is said that the tree beneath which Andre was captured was struck 
 by lightning in July, 1801, the very day of Arnold's death in London. 
 
 2£ 
 
Tarrytown and vicinity was the very heart of the debatable ground of 
 the Revolution; and here, according to Irving, arose the two great 
 orders of border chivalry — the Skinners and the Cow-Boys. The for- 
 mer fought, or rather marauded, under the American, the latter under 
 the British banner. "In the zeal of service both were apt to make 
 blunders, and confounded the property of friend and foe. Neither of 
 them, in the heat and hurry of a foray, had time to ascertain the poli- 
 tics of a horse or cow which they were driving off into captivity, nor 
 
 V 
 
 
 TOHABOD CEANE ANT> KATF.INA VAN TASSETi. 
 
 when they wrung the neck of a rooster did they trouble their heads 
 whether he crowed for Congress or King George." 
 
 This was indeed an eventful neighborhood to the faithful historian, 
 Diedrich Knickerbocker; and here he picked up many of those legends 
 which were given by him to the world, or found among his papers. 
 One of these was the legend connected with the old Dutch Church of 
 Sleepy Hollow. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the 
 land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. "Some say the place was 
 
 29 
 
bewitched by a high German doctor during the early days of the settle- 
 ment; others that an old Indian chief, the wizard of his tribe, held 
 his pow-wows there before Hendrich Hudson's discovery of the river. 
 The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, is the 
 apparition of a figure on horseback without a head, said to be the ghost 
 of a Hessian trooper, and was known at all the country firesides as the 
 "headless horseman" of Sleepy Hollow. Sunnyside, you remember, 
 was once the property of old Baltus Van Tassel; and here lived the fair 
 Katrina, beloved by all the youths, but more especially by Ichabod 
 Crane, the country schoolmaster, and a reckless youth, Mr. Van Brunt. 
 A faithful view of the unsuccessful courtship of Ichabod will be seen in 
 the cut here given, from the statuette group of Ichabod and Katrina, 
 by Mr. Bogers, of New York, whose skill we again refer to in our article 
 on "Rip Van Winkle among the Catskills." 
 
 The reader will also remember the party one evening, and Ichabod's 
 return; his race with the Headless Horseman, and his disgraceful over- 
 throw. The whole route, and the race for the bridge, recalls the ride 
 of Tarn O'Shanter, when pursued by witches on the banks of the Doon. 
 Indeed, the old Dutch Church is not a bad representation of old Ailoway 
 Kirk. It was built in the early limes of the province, and a tablet over 
 the portal bore the names of its founders — Frederick Phillip do, patroon 
 of Yonkers, and his wife Katrina Van Cortlandt, of the Van Cortlandt's 
 of Croton, " a powerful family connection, with one foot resting on 
 Spuyten Duyvel and the other on Croton River," In the peaceful 
 burial-yard adjacent sleeps the writer of the gentle heart. A plain slab, 
 with this inscription, marks his resting-place: — 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING, 
 Born April 3d, 1783. Died November 28th, 1859. 
 
 But in the soft summer days and the golden autumn his genius seems 
 to brood over the hills of Tarrytown and Irvington, even as that of 
 
Scott over the valley of tlie Tweed. The little stream that winds 
 through the valley of Sleepy Hollow is called the Pocantico, an Indian 
 name signifying " dark river." 
 
 In a pleasant part of Tarrytown is located the Irving Institute, estab- 
 lished in 1838. It is about half a mile from the depot, and commands 
 
 IRVING INSTITUTE, TARRYTOWN, N. T. 
 
 Ajewagnac & Rowe, Principals and Proprietors. 
 
 charming views of the Hudson and inland scenery. From its cupola 
 we see, to the south, the Paulding Manor House, the villas of Bierstadt, 
 the Cunningham Castle, Nyack opposite the wide expanse of Tappan 
 Zee, and miles in every direction; and every view has points of historic 
 and poetic interest to every person who has either a taste for history, 
 or legends, which are only the foliage of history. It is appropriately 
 
 3i 
 
styled the "Irving Institute," looking down from its beaufiful eminence 
 upon the valley of Sleepy Hollow. We present a fine cut of the build- 
 ing and grounds. It is designed to combine the attractions and safety 
 of a home with thoroughness of discipline and intellectual culture. 
 
 The Tappan Zee was also supposed to be haunted by the Old Storm 
 Ship, which one evening went up the Hudson and never returned; and 
 also by the " Flying Dutchman," who still row r s but never makes a port. 
 Mr. "Van Dam," of graceless memory, attended a quilting frolic at 
 Kakiat, on the opposite shore, one Saturday afternoon; having imbibed 
 rather freely, and danced until midnight, he thought it high time to 
 return. He was w r arned of the Sabbath's approach, but pulled off, 
 swearing he would not land until he reached Spuyten Duyvel if it took 
 him a month of Sundays. " He was never seen afterward, but may still 
 be heard plying his oars, being the Flying Dutchman of the Tappan 
 Zee, doomed to ply between Kakiat and Spuyten Duyvel until the day 
 of judgment." 
 
 Nyack-on-the-Hudson, the pleasant village opposite Tarry town. 
 On the western skle of the Tappan Zee the mountains sw r eep back 
 from Piermont in the form of a semi-circle, and meet the river again 
 at the northern extremity of the Zee, in a series of bluffs familiarly 
 known as the Hook, almost as imposing as the Rock of Gibraltar, which 
 it strongly resembles in outline and general appearance. Within this 
 semi-circle — one of the loveliest spots on the river — nestles the village 
 of Nyack, which is rapidly growing into a large suburban town. The 
 Rip Van Winkle sleep which seems to have rjossessed this part of the 
 western shore of the river from time immemorial, has been very prop- 
 erly disturbed by the extension of the Northern Railway to Nyack, and 
 now all is bustle and activity. No less than three hundred new houses 
 have been erected during the last year. Looking out from the pro- 
 montory which extends into the "Zee," on a point nearly central be- 
 tween Piermont and the Hook is a stately edifice. This is the Rock- 
 land Institute, a college for young ladies, of a high order, which has 
 secured an almost national celebrity. The patrons of the institution are 
 among the most distinguished men of the country in point of wealth 
 and literary eminence; and the varied and attractive features of this 
 
 32 
 
institution have drawn students from almost all tho principal States of 
 
 the Union. 
 
 The Rev. L. D. Mansfield has been its presiding officer almost from 
 its foundation, and is still at its head. The esteem in which he is held 
 as an educator, may be inferred from the following editorial notice of 
 the Institute, which appeared in a recent copy of the Journal: — 
 
 "Around the Rockland Female Institute, we venture to say, gather 
 more pleasant associations than cling about any similar insti ution in 
 the United States. That peculiar love which some men bring to tho 
 
 EOCKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE, NYACK-OX-THE-HUDSON. 
 
 work* in which thev are engaged, has been surprisingly and happily 
 illustrated here. Mr. Mansfield, from the very commencement, sur- 
 rounded himself with an excellent array of teachers in every department, 
 and we assume nothing in saving that to-day the Rockland Female In- 
 stitute stands in the front rank of all institutions of its kind in the world. 
 This may appear like strong language, but we have said no word which 
 we do not Ironestly believe to be the truth. 
 
 "Grouped about the Institute are many tasteful cottages, a number 
 of which were built by Mr. Mansfield.'* The whole of this plateau is 
 remarkable for its adaptation to the erection of pleasant country resi- 
 
 33 
 
dences, and it is not strange that so many persons of taste, with the 
 means wherewithal to develop and gratify that taste, have chosen it for 
 their abiding-place." 
 
 During the long summer vacations, this elegant place is converted 
 into a summer resort, and is known as the Tappan Zee House, under 
 which designation it has attained a deserved popularity. The house 
 contains over sixty rooms, and there are furnished cottages and villas 
 on the grounds. Nyack is peculiarly free from ills which many places 
 are heir to. There is no fever and ague, and no mosquitos. The ease of 
 access and the pleasant surroundings make Nyack a desirable place for 
 the summer visitor. Here also, in a pleasant part of the village, within 
 a short distance from the river, is the Smithsonian Hotel, one of the 
 finest home-like hotels for the tourist, summer guest, or transient 
 visitor. It has fine views, healthful location, large and well-furnished 
 rooms. The new ferryboat " Tappan Zee " connects, in the channel, 
 with the day-boats. The old name of Tappan was derived from the 
 Indian name Tup-hanne, signifying Cold Stream. 
 
 Sing-Sing, on the east side, is six miles above Tarry town, and 
 thirty-two from New York. Its name is said to be derived from the 
 Indian words ossi?i, a stone, and ing, a place, from the rocky and stony 
 character of the river bank. 
 
 The State Prison, near the river, with its white walls, was built of 
 stone quarried on the spot by a band o'-sin-ing mortals imported from 
 Auburn in 1829. For thirty-six years Sing-Sing has also been noted as 
 the great camp-meeting ground of the Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 New York and vicinity. 
 
 Rockland Lake lies opposite Sing-Sing, set in a "dimple of the 
 hills," and is not seen from the river. As we look at the great ice- 
 houses to-day, which, like uncouth barns, stand here and there along 
 the Hudson, it does not seem possible that only a few years ago ice was 
 decidedly unpopular, and wheeled about New York in a hand-cart. 
 Think of one hand-cart supplying New York with ice! It'was consid- 
 ered unhealthy, and called forth many learned discussions. The point 
 that seems to project into the river was called " Verdietege " Hook, 
 being considered a "very tedious " spot by the old Dutch mariners. 
 
 . _ ,. --- 34 ..— - - 
 
Croton River meets the Hudson about one mile above Sing-Sing, 
 and it is a singular fact that the pitcher and ice-cooler of New York, or, 
 in other words, Croton Dam and Rockland Lake, should be directly 
 opposite. About thirty years ago, the Croton first made its .appearance 
 in New York, brought in by an aqueduct of solid masonry. The old 
 Indian name of the Croton was Kitch-a-wonck. The Dam is an inter- 
 esting place to visit, and we understand that city milkmen, when jour- 
 neying up the river, never pass the point without reverently lifting 
 their hats. We would modestly suggest a yearly picnic to this dam, 
 
 LAKE MAHOPAC, ONE OF THE FOUNTAINS OF THE CROTON. 
 
 where these modern Hildebrands could worship their "Undines," and 
 compute the value of 500,000,000 gallons at " ten cents a quart, "—a nice 
 little running account, large enough per annum to build the State capital 
 or the East River bridge. 
 
 Lake Mahopac is one of the finest fountains of the Croton, and the 
 finest lake near the metropolis. It can be reached very easily by the 
 Harlem Railroad-from New York. The old Indian name was Ma-cook- 
 pake, signifying a large inland lake. The same derivation, we imagine, 
 is also seen in Copake Lake, Columbia County. The view here given 
 
 35 
 
shows the island where the last meeting of the southern tribes of the 
 Hudson was held. The lake is one thousand feet above tide-water — a 
 magnificent sheet of water, with emerald islands; and it is pleasant to 
 know that the bright waters of Mahopac and the clear fountains of 
 Putnam Cdunty are earned to New York, even as the poetic waters of 
 Loch Katrine supply the commercial city of Glasgow. Lake Mahopac 
 has fine hotels, and is a pleasant place of summer resort. 
 
 Teller's Point was called by the Indians, Senasqua; and tradition 
 says that the aucient warriors still haunt the surrounding glens and 
 woods, and the sachems of Teller's Point are household words in tho 
 neighborhood. It is also said that there was once a great Indian battlo 
 here and perhaps the ghosts of the old warriors arc attracted by the 
 Underbill Grapery and the 10,000 gallons of wine bottled every year. 
 
 Haveestbaw Bay. — Passing Teller's Point we come into Haverstraw 
 Bay. This expanse of water was called by the Indians, Kumachenack. 
 The village is on the west side. Three miles above Haverstraw, also en 
 the west side, we pass Stony Point, where, at two o'clock one morning, 
 Wayne— better known as "Mad Anthony "—sent the brief despatch to 
 Washington : " Dear General — The American flag waves here. " Passing 
 Verplank's Point, just opposite Stony Point, and we see 
 
 Peekskill, forty-three miles from New York, on the cast bank, 
 where Nathan Palmer, the spy, was hung; and another brief message 
 sent by Putnam, to tho effect, "Nathan Palmer was taken as a spy, 
 tried as a spy, and will be hanged as a spy.— P. S. He is flanged." In 
 1797 Peekskill was the headquarters of old Israel Putnam. ' This was 
 the birthplace of Paulding, one of Andre's captors, and he died here in 
 1818. There is a monument to his memory about two miles north of 
 the village. It is said that the stream and town took their names from 
 a worthy Dutch skipper, Jans Peek, who imagined he bad found tho 
 head waters of the Hudson, and run aground, on the east side, in the 
 stream which now bears his name. It was called by the Indians the 
 unpoctic name Sackboes. Near Peekskill is the old Van Cortlandt 
 house, the residence of Washington for a short time during the Revo- 
 lution. East of the village is the farm and summer home of the great 
 pulpit-orator of our country— Henry Ward Beecher. 
 
 36 
 
THE HIGHLANDS — SUBLIMITY. 
 
 «' And ever-wakeful Echo here doth dwell, 
 The nymph of sportive mockery, that still 
 Hides behind every rock, in every dell, 
 And softly glides unseen from hill to hill." 
 
 Turning Kidd's Point, or Caldwell's Landing, almost at right angles, 
 tho steamer enters the Highlands. Near the Point will be seen some 
 upiight planks, or caissons, near the water's edge. They mark the s|:>ot 
 where Captain Kidd's ship was supposed to have been scuttled. As the 
 famous captain's history seems to bo quito intimately associated with 
 the Hudson, wo will givo in brief 
 
 The Story of Captain Redd. — His name was William, and he was 
 born about tho middle of the seventeenth century; and it is thought 
 near Greenock, in Scotland: resided at one time in New Yoik, near 
 the corner of William and Cedar Streets, and was thero married. In 
 April, 1696, Kidd sailed from England in command of the " Adventure 
 Galley," with full armament and eighty men. He captured a French 
 ship, and, on arrival at New York, put up articles for volunteers: 
 remained in New York three or four months, increasing his crew to 
 one hundred and fifty-five men, and sailed thence to Maderas, thence 
 to Bonavista and St. Jago, to Madagascar, then to Caiicut, then to 
 Madagascar again, then sailed and took the "Qucdah Merchant." 
 Kidd kept forty shares of the spoils, and divided the rest with his crew. 
 He then burned the "Adventure Galley," went on board the " Quedah 
 Merchant," and sailed for tho West Indies. Here he left the "Mer- 
 chant," with part of the crew, under one Bolton, as commander. Then 
 manned a sloop, and taking part of his spoils, went to Boston via Long 
 Island Sound, and is said to have set goods on shore at different places. 
 In the mean time, in August, 1698, the East India Company informed 
 the Lords Justices that Kidd had committed several acts of piracy, par- 
 ticularly in seizing a Moor's ship called the "Quedah Merchant," 
 When Kidd landed at Boston he was therefore arrested by the E-irl of 
 Bellamont, and sent to England for trial, 1699, where he was found 
 guilty and executed. Now it is supposed that the crow of the " Qaedah 
 
 2 i 
 
 ----- i i - i i * 
 
Merchant," which Kidd left at Hispaniola, started with their ship for 
 the Hudson, as the crew was mostly gathered from the Highlands and 
 above It is said that they passed New York in the night, and started 
 with their ship for the manor of Livingston; but encountering a gale 
 in the Highlands, and thinking they were pursued, run her near the 
 shore, now known as Kidd's Point, and here scuttled her, and the crew 
 fled to the woods with such treasure as they could carry. Whether this 
 circumstance was true or not, it was at least a current story in tho 
 neighborhood, and an enterprising individual, about forty years ago, 
 caused an old cannon to be discovered in tho river, and perpetrated the 
 first " Cardiff Giant Hoax." A New York Stock Company was organized 
 to prosecute the work. It was said that the ship could be seen in clear 
 days, with her masts still standing, many fathoms below the surface. 
 One thing is certain — the Company didn't see it or the treasurer either, 
 in whose hands were deposited about $30,000. 
 
 The Dunderberg rises directly above this point — the Olympus of 
 Dutch Mythology. It was the dread of the early navigators, and sailors 
 had to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the goblin who 
 inhabited it, and presided over those little imps in sugar-loaf hats and 
 short doublets, who were frequently seen tumbling head over heels in 
 the rack and mist. No wonder that the old burghers of New York never 
 thought of making their week's voyage to Albany without arranging 
 their wills; and it created as much commotion in New Amsterdam as a 
 Stanley expedition in search of Livingstone. Yerdrietege Hook, the 
 Dunderberg, and the Overslaugh were names of terror to even the 
 bravest skipper. 
 
 Anthony's Nose. — The high peak on the east bank, just above the 
 "Nameless Highland," is Anthony's Nose, which, in our Guide-Book 
 published in 1869, we considered the prominent feature of the Hudson. 
 It is about 1500 feet high, and has two or three christenings. One says 
 it was named after St. Anthony the Great — the first institutor of mo- 
 nastic life, born A.D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town in Upper 
 Egypt. Irving's humorous account is, however, quite as probable, to 
 wit: that it was derived from the nose of Anthony Yan Corlear, the il- 
 lustrious trumpeter of Peter Stuyvesant. " Now thus it happened that 
 
 38 
 
L 
 
 bright and early in the morning the good Anthony, having washed his 
 burly visage, was leaning over the quarter-railing of the galley, contem- 
 plating it in the glassy waves below. Just at this moment the illustrious 
 sun, breaking in all his splendor from behind a high bluff of the High- 
 lands, did dart one of his most potent beams full upon the refulgent 
 nose of the sounder of brass, the reflection of which shot straightway 
 down hissing hot into the water, and killed a mighty sturgeon that was 
 sporting beside the vessel. "When this astonishing miracle was made 
 known to the Governor, and he tasted of the unknown fish, he marveled 
 exceedingly; and, as a monument thereof, he gave the name of An- 
 thony's Nose to a stout promontory in the neighborhood, and it lias 
 continued to be called Anthony's Nose ever since." This mountain was 
 called by the Indians Kittatenny, a Delaware term signifying "endless 
 hills." 
 
 Opposite Anthony's Nose is the beautiful island of Iona; and we ob- 
 tain a fine view of old Sugar-Loaf to the north. We are now in the 
 midst of historic country, and the various points are literally crowded 
 together: Beverley Dock, Beverley Ho T ise, Fort Putnam, North and 
 South Bedoubt Mountains, Kosciusko's Garden, and Fort Constitution. 
 Both sides of the river are full of interest, and we will refer to each 
 separately. As the steamer is now nearing the west shore, we will speak 
 first of 
 
 "West Point. — The large building on the rock is Cozzens' Hotel, and 
 the anding near is known as Cozzens' Dock. Buttermilk Falls, a little 
 south of the landing, was known among the Indians as the Prince's 
 Fidls, owned by a prince of the hill country. The rivulet south of these 
 falls was called by the Indians the Ossinapink, or the stream from the 
 solid rocks; and the stream below Anthony's Nose, on the east side, the 
 Brocken Hill, a Dutch word from water broken into waterfalls. The 
 next landing is about one mile above Cozzens', and is the proper West 
 Point Landing. 
 
 Washington first suggested this place as the most eligible situation 
 for a military academy. It went into operation about 1812, and the 
 land was ceded to the General Government of the United States in the 
 year 1826. Tho Academy Build'nrrs and Parade Ground are on a f-.no 
 
 39 
 
plateau about two hundred feet above the river. The parade-ground 
 ccems almost an level as a floor; and, as the buildings are at a little dis- 
 tance from trie river, they are only partially seen. The first building 
 ou the right hand to one ascending from the landing is tho riding-school 
 used in -winter. To the rear of this the public stables, accommodating 
 ono hundred and fifty horses. Then, as you ascend, tho pathway brings 
 you to a new fireproof building for offices, a beautiful feature. To the 
 right hand of this building is tho library, with a dome. The next build- 
 ing is the chapel; and nex': to tho chapel is tho old riding-hall, now 
 used for recitation -rooms, gymnasiums, gallery of paintings, and mu- 
 seums. On the samo street arc located tho cadet barracks; and to tho 
 north, tho oiiieers , quarters. Prominent in this vicinity is the fino 
 monument to General Sedgwick. Starting again at tho eld riding-hall, 
 and going couth, we come to the cadet hall and the cadet hospital; and 
 still further south, another section of officers' quarters. l\ear the flag- 
 staff will bo found a fino collection of old cannon, old chains, old shell, 
 and tho famous "swamp angel " gun, taken from the rebels. Fort 
 Knox -was just abovo the landing. Near the river bank can also be seen 
 Dade's Monument, Kosciusko's Garden, and Kosciusko's Monument. 
 Old Fort Clinton was located on tho plain, near tho monument; and 
 far above, liko a sentinel lcit at his post, Fort Putnam looks down upon 
 the changes of a hundred years. But cf all places around West Point, 
 Kosciusko's Garden seems the finest and most suggestive, connected as 
 it is with a hero not only of his own country, but a man ready to battle 
 for free institutions, taking up the subiimc words of the old Kcman 
 orator, " Where Liberty is, ilierc is my country." A beautiful spring is 
 near the Garden, and the indenture cf a cannon -bail 13 still pointed out 
 in the rocks, which must have disturbed the patriot's meditations. 
 
 West Point during the Revolution was tho Gibraltar of the Hudson; 
 and the saddest lesson of those stern old days is connected with its 
 history. Benedict Arnold was in command of this important point, and 
 the story of his treachery is familiar to every schoolboy. It vdil be re- 
 membered that Arnold met Andre at the kousa of Joshua Hett Smith, 
 at a place now known as Treason Hill, near the village of Haverstraw. 
 Major Andre was sent as the representative of the British commander, 
 
 40 
 
Sir Henry Clinton. Andre, "with tho papers and piano of Arnold se- 
 creted in his beats, passes down the Tarry town road, and was srrestcd, 
 as we said in our article on Tarry town, and tho papers discovered. With 
 thi3 preface, our history will carry us across the river to 
 
 Gabfjson, en the cast side. Arnold returned from Eaverstraw t j 
 the Beverley House, whero he wao then living. This house is situated 
 about one mile couth of the Garrison Depot, near the magnificent 
 grounds end residence of the Hen. Hamilton Pish. Colonel Jamieson 
 sent a letter to Arnold informing him cf the facts, and this letter Arnold 
 received on the morning of the 24th of September. Alexander Hamilton 
 and General Lafayette were at breakfast with him. He read its contents 
 and excused himself from the table, kissed his wife good-bye, told her 
 he was a ruined man and a traitor, hissed his little bey in the cradle, 
 fled to Beverley Deck, and ordered his men to pull cH and go down tho 
 river. The "Vulture," English man-of-war, was near Teller's Point, 
 and received a traitor, whose living treason had to be atoned by tho 
 blood of Andre, the noble end pure-hearted officer. lb is said that 
 Arnold lived long enough to be hissed in the House of Commons, as ho 
 once took his scat in the gallery, and he died friendless, and, in feet, 
 despised. It is also said that enc day when Talleyrand arrived i:i Ilr.vro 
 on foot from Paris, in the darkest hour of the French Revolution, pur- 
 sued by tho bloodhounds cf the reign of terror, he wao about to secure 
 a passage to the United States, and asked the landlord of the hotel, " Go 
 there are Americans staying at your house ? I am gciug across tho 
 water, and would like a letter to a person cf influence in the New 
 World." "There is a gentleman up-stairo from Britain cr America," 
 was tho response. He pointed tho way, and Talleyrand ascended tho 
 stairs. In a dimly lighted room sat the man cf whom tho great minister 
 of France was to ask a favor. He advanced, and poured forth in elegant 
 French and broken English, "lam a wanderer, and an exile. lam 
 forced to fly to the New World without a friend cr heme. You are an 
 American. Give me, then, I beseech you, a letter of yours, so that I 
 may be able to earn my bread." The strange gentleman rose. With a 
 look that Talleyrand never forgot, ho retreated toward tho door of tho 
 next chamber. H© spoko as ho rotroatod, and his volco wna full cf 
 
 4i 
 
suffering: "I am the only man of the New World who can raise his hand 
 to God and say, 'I have not a friend, not one, in America! ' " "Who 
 are you ? " he cried. ' ' Your name ? " " My name is Benedict Arnold. " 
 Would that our modern traitors had the same vulture at their vitals as 
 in the early days of the Republic, when treason was made odious with- 
 out the aid of politicians. 
 
 If West Point and its fortifications had passed at that time into the 
 hands of the enemy, it would be difficult to say what disaster might 
 have befallen our arms; but, through all those dark days, when the 
 
 THE HIGHLAND HOUSE, GAUBTSON, N. T. 
 G. F. & W. D. Garrison, Proprietors and owners. 
 
 American army literally tracked their way with blood through the snows 
 of seven -winters, it seemed as if the matter was entirely in the hands of 
 Divine Providence; and that the words of Patrick Henry were everyday 
 verified: "There is a just God, who presides over the destinies of na- 
 tions. " 
 
 As we have before stated, the station Garrison, on tho Hudson River 
 Railroad, is directly opposite West Point, and about half a mile from 
 the depot is the Highland House, standing en a magnificent plateau. 
 
 42 
 
 - - - . - L < . J J _ 
 
r* 
 
 We call attention to the fact that this is not the Highland House near 
 Cozzen's, neither is it the little house at the ferry crossing, as unplea- 
 sant mistakes have sometimes been made, but " The Highland House," 
 about four hundred feet above the river, appropriately named, lying in 
 the very centre of the Highlands. Its proprietors are descendants of 
 the family who lived here in the time of the Revolution, from whom 
 the ferry and landing took their name. The house has been recently 
 enlarged to almost double its former capacity. Its location is certainly 
 
 INDIAN FALLS, NEAR HIGHLAND HOUSE, GARRISON, N. T. 
 
 one of the finest along the river. The plateau is inclosed by the North 
 Redoubt and South Redoubt Mountains, reaching from Sugar-Loaf and 
 Anthony's Nose on the south, to Breakneck on the north. 
 
 Wander where you will, the surrounding mountains abound with 
 wild and picturesque glens. Poet, artist, novelist, and historian, all 
 who find books in running brooks, continually add their testimony to 
 the accumulating evidence. In brief, all who wish to spend a summer 
 
 43 
 
 w-j 
 
pleasantly and profitably will find tho ^Highland House" — a cut of 
 which is hero given — one of the finest family hotels on the Hudson 
 River. Its location is picturesque and healthy, on higher ground than 
 Vest Poinf, and commanding a full view. The scenery and drives of 
 the Highlands are very fine. 
 
 About a mile and a half to tho north, in a picturesque glen, are In- 
 dian Falls, well known to artists, and by them made familiar to those 
 who never had the opportunity of visiting one of the prettiest littlo 
 points of scenery on the Hudson. It is impossible to condense their 
 beauty into a single sketch, but wc present the above cut as an index- 
 hand pointing the tourist to the real beauty of which any representation 
 would be only a shadow. With a book of poems in hand, or a walking 
 romance on one's arm, we imagine a summer's day would glide by, 4< as 
 golden hours on angel wings." 
 
 The Glen Falls are only half a mile distant; and, added to this 
 blended history and beauty, all over this eastern bank there are local 
 legends — unclaimed children of history — waiting for their relationship 
 to be acknowledged. Surely there is no place where the history of our 
 country can be studied with greater interest than among these wild 
 fastnesses, where Freedom found protection. 
 
 Constitution Point. — A short distance above West Point Landing 
 the steamer turns a right angle. On the east bank, almost opposite, 
 known as Constitution Island, lives Miss Susan Warner, author of 
 "Queechy" and "The Wide, Wide World," of which latter work 
 40,000 copies were sold in the United States. On this point, or island, 
 ruins of the old fort are still seen. It was once called Martalaer's 
 Rock Island. 
 
 Cold Spuing. — A little to the north, also on east bank, is the village 
 of Cold Spring, which received its name very naturally from the fact 
 that there was a cold spring in the vicinity. A short distance north of 
 the village we see 
 
 Undercliff, the home of the poet Morris, now owned by his son. 
 It lies, in fact, under the cliff and shadow of Mount Taurus, and has a 
 
 44 
 
fine outlook upon the river and surrounding mountains. Standing on 
 the piazza, we see diiect]y in front of us Old Cro' Nest; and it was on 
 this piazza that the poet wrote 
 
 11 Where Hudson's wave o'er silvery sands 
 Winds through the hills alar, 
 Old Cro' Nest like a monarch stands, 
 Croicned with a single star.'' 
 
 OLD CEO' NEST. 
 (From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.'') 
 
 It is said that Mrs. Morris was the original of that beautiful character 
 painted by Washington Irving, in his charming essay, "The Wife." 
 
 Old Ceo' Nest is the first mountain above West Point, and 1418 feet 
 high. Its name was given from a circular lake on the summit, suggest- 
 ing by its form and solitary location a nest among the mountains, and 
 
 45 
 
this fancy soon gave a name to the entire mountain. This mountain is 
 also intimately associated with poetry, as the scene of Rodman Drake's 
 "Culprit Fay":— 
 
 " 'Tib the middle watch of a summer night, 
 The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright, 
 The moon looks down on Old Cro' Nest — 
 She mellows the shade on his shaggy breast, 
 And seems his huge grey form to throw 
 lu a silver cone on the wave below." 
 
 Stoem King, to the north of Cro' Nest, is the highest peak of the 
 Highlands, being 1800 feet above tide water. Its first name was 
 Kiinkersberg, afterward called Butter Hill, and christened by Willis 
 Storm King. This mountain forms the northern portal of the High- 
 lands, on the west side. Breakneck is opposite, on the east side, where 
 St. Anthony's Face was blasted away. In this mountain solitude there 
 was a shade of reason in giving that solemn countenance of stone the 
 name of St. Anthony, as a good representation of monastic life; and, 
 by a quiet sarcasm, the full-length nose below was probably thus sug- 
 gested. 
 
 The Highlands now trend off to the northeast, and we see the New- 
 Beacon, or Grand Sachem Mountain, 1685 feet high, and about half a 
 mile to the north, the Old Beacon, 1471 feet in height. These moun- 
 tains were used for signal stations during the Ke volution. They 
 were called by the Indians the Matteawan, and the whole range of 
 Highlands were sometimes referred to as the Wequehachke, or the Hill 
 Country. It was also believed by the Indians that, in ancient days, 
 ''before the Hudson poured its waters from the lakes, the Highlands 
 formed one vast prison, within whose rocky bosom the omnipotent 
 Manito confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his control. 
 Here, bound in adamantine chains, or jammed in rifted pines, or 
 crushed by ponderous rocks, they groaned for many an age. At length 
 the conquering Hudson, in its career toward the ocean, burst open their 
 prison-house, rolling its tide triumphantly through the stupendous 
 ruins." An idea quite in accordance with modem science. 
 
 46 
 
 
The steamer is now passing close to the base of old Storm King, 
 and we get a fine view of this mountain rock, with sides all scarred 
 and torn by storms and lightning. Almost before us, to the right, 
 we see 
 
 Pollipel's Island, supposed by the Indians to be a supernatural 
 
 UPPER ENTRANCE TO THE HIGHLANDS, FROM CORNWALL LANDING. 
 
 (From Loesing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 
 
 spot. The island, however, has a little romance connected with it, 
 which is decidedly supernatural Some fair Katrina of the neighbor- 
 hood, a great many years ago, was beloved by a farmer's lad. She re- 
 ciprocates, but, by coquettish art, was playing the (sad havoc) with 
 
 a youcg minister's affections. One winter evening, minister and Ka- 
 - - - ........... . _ 47 
 
trina v.-cre driving on the ice, near this island. The farmer's con very 
 naturally was also driving in the came vicinity. The ice broke, and 
 minister and young lady were rescued hj the bold youth. The minister 
 discovers that Ivatrina and young Hendrich botli love each other; and 
 there, under the moonlight, on that bupernatuial island, with solemn 
 ceremony, unites them in bonds of holy matrimony. It ought hence- 
 forth and forever to be called the "Lovers' Island." This pleasing 
 story presents a strong contrast to the sad fate of a wedding-party at 
 the Danskammcr Reel:, to which we shortly refer. Wo arc now ncaring 
 the pleasant village of 
 
 CouNWAiij, where the hillsides are crowned with villas and summer 
 homes. This is one of the plcasantcst and healthiest places en the 
 Hudson. A short distance from the village, en the old road leading 
 from Cornwall to Ncwburgh, is situated Idlcwild, where Willis passed 
 the last fifteen years of his life; and now, as the steamer leaves Corn- 
 wall Landing, we are in the beautiful bay vf 2Teicbicrgh, pronounced by 
 many the finest point on the Hudson. 
 
 Newbuugh — settled by the Palatines, 1708. As we approach 2^cv> 
 burgh, on the west bank, wo sec the old house known as "Washington's 
 Headquarters, already noticed in our analysis of the river. Here arc 
 gathered, as we stated in our Guide for 18G9, many relics of the Revo- 
 lution: old Hessian boots that were never intended for flight, making 
 cither victory or capture inevitable; old swords that have a history 
 written in blood; trappings of soldiers, that have losb the glitter and 
 the tinsel ; and a piano of most harmonious discord. 
 
 At the time of disbanding the army Congress was negligent in fur- 
 nishing supplies or payment; the soldiers wished to make Washington 
 the head of a monarchical government; he declined; then an appeal 
 was secretly disseminated to officers to form a military despotism. 
 Washington was informed of it. He called a meeting of the soldiers, 
 on the grounds near the old building, and his first words, before un- 
 folding the paper, touched every heart. "You sec, gentlemen," said 
 he, as he placed his spectacles before his eyes, "that I have not only 
 grown gray but blind in your service." It is needless to say that the 
 
 48 
 
mutiny was quelled. If the logio of war has not been sufficient to 
 answer the old argument of State Rights, it would be well to re-read 
 the history of those disjointed days, and see if there were not previous 
 to our Constitution sufficient need to "form a more perfect union." 
 
 The city rises in natural terraces, and presents a fine river front. It 
 is the eastern terminus of the Newburgh Branch of the Erie Railway. 
 
 Fishktlii Landing. — Opposite Newburgh are the villages of Matte- 
 awan and Fishkill; and about one mile to the south, the depot and 
 ferry of the Duchess and Columbia Railroad, which connects with the 
 Connecticut "Western, and makes a direct eastern route to Hartford and 
 Boston. These thriving towns guard the northern portal of the High- 
 lands, sixty miles from New York. 
 
 We will close our third division of the Hudson with a few verses 
 from a little poem which revives in happy music the ringing of the 
 Hudson sleigh-bells, as they once rang out their music under these 
 grand old mountains. Our moonlight picture will at once call up to 
 every one some little experience of their far-off days. 
 
 HUDSON SLEIGH-BELLS. 
 
 With sweetheart nestled close by our side, 
 We were started off for a jolly ride — 
 
 With a sleighing party. 
 
 When we were voung, with nothing to do 
 But busy ourselves at trying to woo 
 The girl who had stolen our boyish heart; 
 The little coquette! how she played her part 
 At that sleighing party. 
 
 49 
 
Away we glide, with mirth and glee, 
 Joyous and happy as youth can be. — 
 "While the sweet and merry music swells 
 From happy hearts and tuneful bells 
 
 Of the sleighing party. 
 
 The snow falls faster !— so she said, 
 Tossing her curls and dropping her head 
 Till the tinted cheeks were totally hid. 
 I couldn't resist— she didn't forbid — 
 
 'Twas a sleighing party. 
 
 WAsUk 
 
 Protect her ! Of course ! 
 The snow was blinding, the air was keen; 
 As I drew her closer it could not have been 
 That the red-ripe lips, so tempting to kiss, 
 And those tell-tale eyes meant other than Yes! 
 
 At a sleighing party. 
 
 Didn't I kiss her? 
 But why you should laugh I never could tell, 
 For I know you boys would have liked it well; 
 And as to the girls, they all well knew 
 That the unkissed ones were very few 
 
 At that sleighing party. 
 
 "Wo trust that wo will find sympathy among our readers for this sug- 
 gestion of star-lit eyes; and, in the summer season, we consider these 
 snow-scenes as a species of ice-cream dessert. 
 
 50 
 
HILLSIDES FOR TWENTY MILES— THE PICTURESQUE. 
 
 "By woody bluff we steal, by leaning lawn, 
 By palace, village, cot,— a sweet surprise 
 At every turn the vision breaks upon. - ' 
 
 Low Point, or Carthage, is a small village on the east bank, about 
 four miles north of Fishkill. It was called by the early inhabitants 
 Low Point, as New Hamburgh, two miles to the north, was called High 
 Point. Almost opposite Low Point, on the west bank, is a large flat 
 rock, covered with cedars, known as the 
 
 Duyveu's Dans Kammek. — Here Hendrich Hudson, in his voyage up 
 the river, witnessed an Indian pow-wow — the first recorded fireworks 
 in a country which has since delighted in rockets and pyrotechnic dis- 
 plays. Here, too, in later years, tradition relates the sad fate of a 
 wedding-party. It seems that a Mr. Hans Hansen and a Miss Katrina 
 Van Voorman, with a few friends, were returning from Albany, and 
 disregarding the old Indian prophecy, were all slain: — 
 
 H For none that visit the Indian's den, 
 Return again to the haunts of men ; 
 The knife is their doom! O sad is their lot! 
 Beware, beware of the blood-stained spot ! " 
 
 Some years ago this spot was also searched for the buried treasures 
 of Captain Kidd, and we know of one river pilot who still dreams semi- 
 yearly of there finding countless chests of gold. 
 
 Two miles above, on the east side, we pass New Hamburgh, at the 
 mouth of Wappinger's Creek. The name Wappinger had its origin 
 from Wabun, east, and Acki, land. This tribe held the east bank of 
 the river, from Manhattan to Roeliffe Jansen's Creek, which empties 
 into the Hudson near Livingston, a few miles south of Catskill Station 
 on the Hudson River Railroad. Passing the little villages of Hampton, 
 Marlborough, and Milton, on the west bank, and wo seo on the east 
 bank, 
 
 5i 
 
Locust Gbove, residence of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse, inventor of 
 the electric telegraph, who for all time will receive the congratulations 
 of every civilized nation, and the whole globe is destined one day to 
 speak his language. Yes, the islands of the sea, and the people that 
 sit afar off in darkness, are beginning to feel the pulses of the world 
 through the "still small voice" whispering beneath ocean and river, 
 and across mighty continents, "putting a girdle round the earth in 
 forty minutes," like the fairy of Midsummer-N igM s Dream. 
 
 We now see Blue Point, on the west bank; and, in every direction, 
 we have the finest views. The scenery seems to stand, in character, 
 between the sublimity of the Highlands and the tranquil dreamy 
 repose of the Tappan Zee. It is said that under the shadow of these 
 hills was the favorite anchorage of 
 
 The Storm Shtp, one of our oldest and therefore most reliable 
 legends. The story runs somewhat as follows . Years ago, when New 
 York was a \illage — a mere cluster of houses on the point now known 
 as the Battery — when the Bowery was the farm of Peter Stuyvesant, 
 and the Old Dutch Church on Nassau Street (now used as the post-office) 
 was considered the country — when communication with the old world 
 was semi-yearly instead of semi-weekly or daily — say one hundred and 
 fifty years ago — the whole town one evening was put into great com- 
 motion by the fact that a ship was coming up the bay. She approached 
 the Battery within hailing distance, and then, sailing against both wind 
 and tide, turned aside and passed up the Hudson. Week after week 
 and month after month elapsed, but she never returned; and whenever 
 a storm came down on Haverstraw Bay or Tappan Zee, it is said that 
 she could be seen careening over the waste; and, in the midst of the 
 turmoil, you could hear the captain giving orders, in good Low Dutch; 
 but when the weather was pleasant, her favorite anchorage was among 
 the shadows of the picturesque hills, on the eastern bank, a few miles 
 above the Highlands. It was thought by some to be Hendrich Hudson 
 and his crew of the "Half Moon," who, it was well known, had once 
 run aground in the upper part of the river, seeking a northwest passage 
 to China; and people who live in this vicinity still insist that under the 
 
 52 
 
calm harvest moon and the pleasant nights of September, they see her 
 under the bluff of Blue Point, all in deep shadow, save her topsails 
 glittering in the moonlight. Perhaps it was this quiet anchorage that 
 gave the name to 
 
 Poughkeepsie, Queen City of the Hudson, — derived from the Indian 
 word Apokeepsing, signifying safe harbor. Near the landing is a bold 
 rock jutting into the river, known as Kaal Rock, signifying barren 
 rock; and perhaps this also furnished a safe harbor or landing-place for 
 those days of birch canoes. It is said there are over forty different 
 ways of spelling Poughkeepsie, and every year the Post-Office Becord 
 gives a new one. The first house was built in 1702 by a Mr. Van Kleek; 
 and we believe the State Legislature held a session here in 1777 or 1778, 
 when New York was held by the British, and Kingston had been burned 
 by Vaughn. Ten years later, the State Convention also met here for 
 ratification of the Federal Constitution. (For further historical par- 
 ticulars see Barber's Historical Collection of New York, or the State 
 Records.) The city has a beautiful location, and is justly regarded the 
 finest residence city on the river; and it ift not only inidway between 
 New York and Albany, but it is also bounded by a historic and poetic 
 horizon midway between the Highlands ami the Catskills, commanding 
 a view of the mountain portals on the south and the mountain overlook 
 on the north — the Gibraltar of Revolutionary fame and the dreamland 
 of Rip Van Winkle. The magnificent steamers which ply daily between 
 New York and Albany, thirty trains on the best-appointed railroad in 
 the country, and fine steamers of home enterprise, make the traveling 
 facilities complete. The city has a population of 25,000 inhabitants — 
 the largest between the capital and the metrojDolis. In addition to its 
 natural beauty, Poughkeepsie is noted throughout our country for re- 
 fined society, and as a nucleus of the finest schools in our country. 
 
 Just before the river boats land at Poughkeepsie we see upon our 
 right, as we come up the river, a large structure, the "Riverview Mili- 
 tary Academy." It crowns a fine eminence looking off toward the 
 Highlands on the south, and the Catskills to the north and west. It is 
 most thoroughly ventilated, and heated by steam throughout. Water 
 
 53 
 
is accessible on every floor, and the room of each pupil is pleasant and 
 commodious. The views are delightful in every direction, as will be 
 seen from the cut here given. Mr. Bisbee has met with the most 
 marked success in training boys for business, college, for West Point, 
 and other military and naval institutions. In fact, he believes in an 
 education which results in force of character — the true aim of all 
 education. 
 
 *m* 
 
 mmm 
 
 tte 
 
 
 : -■'_ 
 
 ^v 
 
 
 RlVKRVIEW Mll.ITAKt ACADEMY. 
 
 A wide-awake thorough-going School for Boys wishing to be trained for Business, for College, or 
 
 for West Point or the Naval Academy. 
 
 OTIS B1SBEE, A. M„ PRINCIPAL AND PROPRIETOR. 
 
 We would also mention "Vassar College" and " Poughkeepsie 
 Female Academy," the latter under the rectorship of the Kev. D. G. 
 Wright, A.M.' It is located in the central part of the city, and has long 
 been distinguished for its thoroughness of instruction and carefulness 
 of supervision. The buildings are ample and commodious; the rooms 
 large, well ventilated, and furnished with regard to taste, convenience, 
 
 54 
 
— , i 
 
and home comfort. The laboratory is furnished with an extensive 
 philosophical, chemical, and astronomical apparatus. Pupils are carried 
 through a collegiate course, or fitted to enter any class in Vassar College. 
 For many years this Academy has ranked among the first in our State 
 in educational spirit and progress; and there are few, if any, places 
 where young ladies acquire a more healthy mental or moral education, 
 a more finished and perfect symmetry in the development of mind and 
 heart. We j^resent a cut of the Academy on the opposite page. 
 
 Vassar College, situated two miles from the City Hall, ranks among 
 the first educational institutions of our land. It is for young ladies 
 what Yale and Harvard are for young men. It was founded by the late 
 Matthew Vassar, who has left behind him, in tins stately building and 
 generous endowment, " a monument more lasting than brass." We re- 
 gret that we have not a cut of the buildings and grounds, and hope to 
 secure them another season. 
 
 Near the river landing we see the extensive manufactory of Adriance, 
 Piatt, & Co. In 1857 and 1858 this firm commenced the manufacture 
 and sale of the Buckeye Mower at Poughkeepsie, with salesroom in 
 New York. The business has increased and enlarged in their hands 
 materially, and they have attained such excellence in the manufacture 
 of their machines that their reputation is woi Id-wide. Twelve years 
 have sufficed to extend the sale of the Buckeye from twenty-five ma- 
 chines to 30,000 in a single season. Surely the old chariots of war have 
 become chariots of peace. 
 
 The fine park, grounds and terrace buildings of Mayor Eastman 
 are a fine feature of the city. The new terrace building is, taken with 
 the entire surroundings, the finest on the Hudson, or any other river 
 in the world. He has been a live man in the city, and has always stood 
 in the front rank of enterprise. His grounds are always open to the 
 public. * The houses of his Terrace Block are now completed, and can 
 be purchased for what the rent of an ordinary house in the city of New 
 York would cost for only three or four years. His Business College, 
 referred to in another place, is a very successful institution, and its 
 reputation reaches, like the Pacific Railroad, from New York to San 
 
 56 
 
■o 
 O 
 
 c 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 m 
 
 13 
 CO 
 
 m 
 
 ■n 
 
 m 
 
 > 
 m 
 
 > 
 O 
 
 > 
 o 
 
 
 ' " 
 
Francisco In fact, wo know of no city that hao been go thorouglily 
 advertised as Poughkeepsic, -through its various institutions and suc- 
 cessful enterprise. 
 
 The " Morgan House," a cut of which is here given, is a fine hotel, 
 situated in the central part of the city, corner of Main and Catherine 
 
 MOEGAN HOUSE, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. X. 
 L. S. Putnam, Proprietor. 
 
 Streets. Carriages meet the boats and cars. The horse-cars also pass 
 the door. It is considered the finest city hotel between New York and 
 Albany. L. S. Putnam, Proprietor. 
 
 The Memorial Fountain, " To the Patriot Dead of Duchess County," 
 is probably the finest in the State; the Collingwood Opera-House is an 
 
 53 
 
elegant music-hall capable of seating twenty-two hundred people; the 
 Insane Asylum is a magnificent structure; and the drives are charm- 
 ing in every direction. In fact, it would be an easy matter to write a 
 work on Poughkeepsie alone; and we would like to write fifteen cr 
 twenty pages on the 
 
 Poughkeepsie and Eastern Railroad, which forms a direct route 
 across the county, connecting the pleasant valley of the Harlem and the 
 Housatonic with the Hudson. We would suggest, as one of the finest 
 little trips out of New York, the day boat to Poughkeepsie; spend a day 
 in the city; take the Poughkeepsie and Eastern Railroad to Millerton; 
 run up to Bash-Bish Falls, near Copake, or down the Harlem to the 
 Dover Stono Church, to Lake Mahopac, and so to New York, — making 
 the whole trip in three days. This route also, in connection with the 
 Connecticut Western, opens up a direct way to Hartford and Boston. 
 We would also like to speak of the enterprise of the city in supplying 
 pure water from the Hudson; and the coming bridge, connecting the 
 east with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania. 
 
 As the steamer leaves Poughkeepsie, we see New Paltz Landing, al- 
 most opposite, and Hyde Park, on east bank, six miles above Pough- 
 keepsie. Then Staatsburgh Station, on tbc cast side; and then Rhine- 
 beck, ninety miles from New York. Rondout, or City of Kingston, is 
 directly opposite, at the mouth of Rondout Creek. This is the eastern 
 end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Rhinebeek is two miles from 
 Rhinecliff Landing, and is one of the finest towns in Duchess County. 
 It was named, as some say, by combining two words — Beekman and 
 Rhine. Others sav that the word beek means cliff, and the town was so 
 named from the resemblance of the cliffs to those of the Rhine. 
 
 Rondout had its derivation from the redoubt that was built on the 
 banks of the creek. The creek took the name of Redoubt Kill, after- 
 ward Rundout, and then Rondout. The old town of Kingston was 
 once called Esopus, on Esopus Creek, which flows north and empties 
 into the Hudson at Saugerties. 
 
 The New York, Kingston, and Syracuse Railroad has its eastern 
 terminus at Rondout. It passes west through Kingston, West Hurley, 
 
 59 
 
Sliokan, Big Indian, crosses the Catskill Mountains to Dean's Corners, 
 and so o Stamford. It runs through a romantic country, and the trip 
 over the mountains is very fine. At West Hurley, only nine miles 
 from Bondout, stages connect for the Overlook Mountain House, a fine 
 hotel 3,800 feet above the river. The hotel is two hundred feet long, 
 
 OVERLOOK MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 
 J. E. Lasher, Proprietor. 
 
 Ninety miles from New York, sixty miles from Albany. 
 
 and three stories high, commanding a valley view of more than a hun- 
 dred miles,— while mountains without number rise on every hand, the 
 named and the nameless, from High Point in the southwest to Mount 
 Holyoke in the east. 
 
 60 
 
 L 
 
THE CATSKILLS— BEAUTY. 
 
 " And soon the Catskills print the distant sky, 
 
 And o'er their airy tops the faint clouds driven, 
 80 softly blending that the cheated eye 
 Now questions which is earth or which is heaven." 
 
 We have now approached the fifth division of our river, guarded by 
 the most classic range of mountains in our country. By a natural 
 ascendancy they have many counties of the Hudson under their juris- 
 diction — Ulster, Greene, and Albany, on the west bank; raid Duchess, 
 Columbia, and Rensselaer, on the east. 
 
 The first place above RhinecIifT, our last landing, is the village of 
 Barextown, on the east bank, ninety-six miles from Now York. It is 
 said, when Jackson was President, and this village wanted a post-office, 
 that he would not allow it under the name of Barry town, from personal 
 dislike to General Barry, and suggested another name. But the people 
 were loyal to their old friend, and went without a post-oi"ce until a new 
 administration. The name Barrytown, therefore, stands as a monu- 
 ment to pluck. The place is known among the old settlers as Lower 
 Red Hook Landing. 
 
 Trvou, one hundred miles from New York, is the only name on our 
 river that ought to be printed in old-style Roman letters, for it carries 
 us back to the days of the Seven-Hilled City, and ono of the famous 
 watering-places of the days of Horace. We have sometimes thought 
 it received its name from a little waterfall near tho landing and its gen- 
 eral romantic surroundings. One of the mansions of the old Livingston 
 family is near the village. Saugerties lies directly opposite. 
 
 Geemantown, 105 miles from New York, is on the east side. A short 
 distance above, the Roeliffe Jansens Kill flows into the Hudson. This 
 stream, called by the Indians the Sankpenak, was the boundary between 
 the Wappingers on the south and the Mohegans on the north. Near 
 its mouth is the old Claremont estate — the original Livingston manor. 
 Here Fulton's project found special favor, and he was materially aided 
 by the sympathy and generosity of Cnancellor Livingston. The first 
 steamboat on the Hudson made its first trip the early part of September, 
 
 61 
 
1807, and was called the "Claremont," as a testimonial of gratitude. 
 The trip from New York to Albany, in those "good old days," took 
 about forty hours (vide Lossing's "Wilderness to the Sea.") 
 
 Catsklll Landing is just above the mouth of the Catskill, or Kau- 
 terskill Creek. It is said that the creek and mountains took their name 
 from the following fact. It is known that each tribe had a iotemic 
 emblem, or rude banner: the Mohegans had the wolf as their emblem, 
 and some say, that the word Mohegan means the enchanted wolf. 
 (The Lenni Lenapes, or Dela wares, at the Highlands, had the turkey 
 as their totem.) Catskill was the southern boundary of the Mohegans 
 on the west bank, and here they set up their emblem. It is said, from 
 this fact the stream took the name of the KaatLTs-kill. The large cat 
 and wolf were at .least similar in appearance, from the mark of King 
 Aepgin in his deed to Van Rensselaer. Perhaps, however, the moun- 
 tains at one time abounded in these animals, and the emblem may be 
 only a coincidence. 
 
 Prospect Park Hotel. — The first thing that attracts 6r»r attention 
 as the steamer nears the landing, is a fine hotel, well known to the 
 public through a cuccessful three years' administration — the Prospect 
 Park Hotel: Jno. Breasted, Proprietor. This plateau, two hundred 
 and fifty feet above the river, is appropriately named; for, as you sit on 
 the broad piazza which almost surrounds the hotel, you can see to the 
 south, the valley of the Hudson for thirty miles — the "Man in the 
 Mountain," and the whole range of the Catskills; to the north and 
 northeast, the Green Mountains of Vermont, and whichever way you 
 look, it seems as if the river lay at your feet. The grounds are seven- 
 teen acres in extent, and arc well adapted to the chief design. Guests 
 can find either shade, sunshine, or quiet. It was first opened in 1870, 
 and within these three years the proprietor has been compelled to en- 
 large it to more than double its former capacity. The main building is 
 now two hundred and fifty feet front, with wing ono hundred and fifty 
 feet by forty. There are three hundred and seventy feet of two-storied 
 piazza, sixteen feet wide, supported by Corinthian pillars twenty-five 
 feet high. We think it is safe to say that it is the most airy and cheer- 
 
 62 
 

 ■ 
 
 ■A *>'•!! ■ • ;' - 
 
 ■ 
 
 ', VI ill ■'(■< II--"" . . ' 
 
 SSb 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mil! 1 
 
 ; ,- ■ ,,'• . yd ; • 
 
 Ill 
 
 .n.'!!:;:ji 
 
fi:l hotel on tlio river bank between New York and Albany. Like 
 Aladdin's Palace it sprung up all at once, white and beautiful, and gave 
 life as it were, to the whole landscape. It is one of the few hotels that 
 had the good fortune to become prominent all at once; and this popu- 
 larity was not accidental, but owing to many causes: its fine location — 
 its enchanting views — its splendid management. Moreover, the fresh 
 bracing air from the Catsk.lls makes Catskill one of the pleasantest 
 places to spend the heat of the sammer, or the noontide of the year; 
 
 IBVING HOUSE. 
 H. A. Person, Proprietor. 
 
 and, indeed, a summer tour is not complete unless we pay Catskill 
 a visit. Prospect Park stages and carriages meet passengers at the 
 landing. 
 
 Catskill Village.— The old village, with its Main Street, lies along 
 the valley of the Catskill Creek, not quite a mile from the Causeway 
 Landing, and preserves some of the features of the clays when Knicker- 
 bocker was accustomed to pay it an annual visit. Its location seems to 
 
 64 
 
f , , 
 
 have been chosen as a place of security — out of sight to one voyaging 
 up the river. It has, however, grown rapidly during the last few years, 
 and the northern slope is covered with fine residences, all of which 
 command extensive views of the Hudson. A new hotel, long needed 
 in the business part of the village, was built on Main Street in 1871. 
 It was appropriately christened the "Irving House," as Catskill owes 
 a large part of its j>resent popularity — probably more than it imagines 
 — to the pen of "Washington Irving. It is fitted up with all the conve- 
 veniences of a first-class hotel, and is kept open during the whole year. 
 
 Catskill Mountain House. — For miles up and down the river, and 
 from almost any point in the six counties wc have mentioned as under 
 the jurisdiction of the Catskills, wc can sec the "Mountain House," 
 three thousand feet above the river, like a bit of snow left on the moun- 
 tains. This hotel is only ten or eleven miles from the landing, and the 
 ride from tho village is pleasant and romantic. This hotel has been for 
 years the favorite summer resort on the river, and its popularity is con- 
 tinually on the increase. No European traveler ever thinks of leaving it 
 unvisited. The Catskills and Niagara Falls are two points known every- 
 where. 
 
 These mountains are, indeed, the glory of tho Hudson, and have 
 been poetically termed, "tho ever-changing legendary Kaatsbergs. " 
 They were called by the Indians the Onti-o-ras, or Mountains of the 
 Sky, as they sometimes seem like clouds along the horizon. This range 
 of mountains was supposed by the Indians to have been originally a 
 monster who devoured all the children of tho Ked Men, and that tho 
 Great Spirit touched him when he was going down to the salt lake to 
 bathe, and here he remains. "Two little lakes upon tho summit were 
 regarded as tho eyes of the monster, and these arc 0])en all the summer; 
 but in the winter they are covered with a thick crust or heavy film; but 
 whether sleeping or waking, tears always trickle down his cheeks. 
 Here, according to Indian belief, was kept the great treasury of 
 storm and sunshine, presided over by an old squaw spirit who 
 dwelt on the highest peak of the mountains. She kept day and 
 night shut up in her wigwam, letting out only one at a time. She 
 
 65 
 
manufactured new moons every month, cutting up the old ones into stars, 
 and, like tho old iEolus of mythology, shut the winds up in the caverns 
 of the hills." A morning view from this cliff will be remembered a life- 
 time ; at least we remember, as if it were yesterday, a July morning three 
 years ago. We rose at 3.30, at least an liour before 
 
 "Night murmured to the morning, — 
 Lie still, oh! Jove, lie still." 
 
 Patiently we waited the sun's advent, and as the rosy dawn announced 
 the morning coming with "looks all vernal and with cheeks all bloom," 
 the windows of the Mountain House, one after another, began to reveal 
 undreamed visions of loveliness, and it were really difficult to tell which 
 had the deeper interest, the sun's rising in the east, or the daughters 
 in tho west. The rosy clouds of the one, the tender blushes of the 
 other; the opening eyelids of the morning, or the opening eyelids of 
 innocence ; the bright ambrosial locks hanging far and wide along 
 the deep blue chiseled mountain side, or the uncombed ripples which, 
 like mountain streams receiving additions from other sources, w r ould 
 probably become beautiful waterfalls. In four minutes more by solar 
 time, and the sun would sprinkle the golden dust of light over the valley 
 of the Hudson. The East was all aglow, and, as we stood musing the fire 
 burned, yes, brighter and brighter, as if the distant hills were an altar, 
 and a sacrifice was being offered up to the God of Day. It truly reminded 
 one of an Oriental dry-goods store, with costly goods in the show-win- 
 dows running opposition to the muslin and dimity-filled window-cases 
 in tho west. 
 
 Cities and villages below us sprang into being, and misty shapes rose 
 from the valley, as if Day had rolled back the stone from the Sepulcher 
 of Night, and it was rising transfigured to Heaven. Adown and up the 
 river for the distanco of sixty miles, sloops and schooners drifted lazily 
 along, while below us the little 
 
 « ferry-boats plied 
 Like slow shuttles through the sunny warp 
 Of threaded silver from a thousand brooks." 
 
 Truly the Catskills were a fitting place for tho artist Cole to gather 
 inspiration to complete that beautiful series of paintings, "The Voyage 
 
 66 
 
of Life," for no finer mountains in all tho world overlook a finer river. 
 Irving, in writing of his first voyage up the Hudson, " in the good old times 
 before steamboats and railroads had annihilated timo and space, and driven 
 all poetry and romance out of travel," says: "But of all the scenery 
 of the Hudson the Kaatskill Mountains had the most witching effect on 
 my boyish imagination. Never shall I forget the effect upon mo of the 
 first view of them, predominating over a wide extent of country, — part 
 wild, woody, and rugged, part softened away into all the graces of cul- 
 tivation. As wo slowly floated along I lay on tho deck and watched 
 them through a long summer's day ; undergoing a thousand mutations 
 under tho magical effects of atmosphere; sometimes seeming to ap- 
 proach ; at. other times to recede ; now almost melting into hazy distance, 
 now burnished by the sotting sun, until in the evening they printed 
 themselves against the glowing sky in tho deep purple of an Italian 
 landscape." On proceeding page wo presented a cu»t of tho Mountain 
 House, furnished by Mr. C. L. Beach, proprietor. This favorite summer 
 resort, so justly celebrated for its grand scenery and healthful atmos- 
 phere, will be open from June 1st to October 1st. Ready access may bo 
 had at all times by Mr. Beach's stages connecting at tho village of Cats- 
 hill with the Hudson River steamboats and tho trains on the Hudson 
 River Railroad. Two miles from the hotel arc tho Kaatcrskill Falls. 
 The waters fall perpendicularly 175 feet, and afterward 85 feet more. 
 A sort of amphitheater behind the cascade is the scene of one of Bryant's 
 
 finest poems : — 
 
 ,; From greens nnd shades where tho Catterskill leaps 
 From cliffs whero tho wood flowors cling;" 
 
 and wc recall the lines which express so beautifully tho well-nigh fatal 
 
 dream : — 
 
 " Of that dreaming ono 
 
 By the base of that icy steep 
 
 When over his stiffening limbs begun 
 
 The deadly slumbers of frost to creep. 
 * ••.■> « ■> 
 
 Thero pass the chasers of seal and whalo, 
 
 With heir weapons quaint and grim, 
 And bands of warriors in glittering mail, 
 
 And herdsmen and hunters huge oflimb, 
 There are naked arms with bow and spear 
 
 And furry gauntlets tho carbino rear. 
 
 68 
 
About half-way up the mountain is the place said to be the dream- 
 land of Rip Van Winkle — the greatest character of American Mythology, 
 more real than the heroes of Homer or the massive gods oi Olympus. 
 And our age has reason to congratulate itself on the jiossession of Joseph 
 Jefferson and John Rogers, who on the stage and in the studio have 
 illustrated to the life this master-piece of Irving. 
 
 The cut here given repesents Rip Van Winkle at home, the favorite 
 
 of the village children. You will remember Irving says, "the children 
 of the village would shout with joy whenever he approached, he assisted 
 at their sports, made them playthings, taught them to fly kites and 
 shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts, witches and 
 Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village he was sur- 
 rounded by a troop of them hanging on his skirts, clambering on his 
 back and playing a thousand tricks on him with impunity." Two 
 others complete the group, Rip Van Winkle on the mountains, and 
 Rip Van Winkle returned. As will be seen above, the figure of Rip was 
 
 69 
 
modelled from Mr. Jefferson, who sat for his likeness. And as we turn 
 away from the Catskills, with their visions of beauty and reality of fic- 
 tion, we can only say, don't fail to hear the great actor when opportu- 
 nity occurs, don't fail to read again the story of Irving, and don't 
 fail to have the finest group of statuary in the world, — price twelve 
 dollars each. 
 
 These, with the courtship of Ichabod and Katrina, give an artistic 
 delineation of the comic-tragedy and the tragic-comedy of the Hudson. 
 A stamp enclosed to John Rogers, 212 Fifth Avenue, will procure a fino 
 illustrated catalogue and price-list. 
 
 Catskill was for many years the homo of Cole, the artist; and the 
 new residence of Church will be seen almost opposite, on the east 
 bank. 
 
 At Wanton Island, near Catskill, it is said the last Indian battle was 
 fought upon the river, between the Mohawks and the Mohegans. 
 
 Hudson, six miles north of Catskill, was founded in the year 1784, 
 by thirty persons from Providence, R. I. It is a city of ten thousand 
 inhabitants, and has the finest court-house and grounds on the river. 
 "We believe it is also the only city that has a fine promenade park over- 
 looking the Hudson. It has long enjoyed the reputation of hospitality, 
 and strangers always receive a kindly welcome. This is the western 
 terminus of the Hudson and Boston Railroad, one of the oldest rail- 
 roads in the country. At Chatham Village it connects with the Boston 
 and Albany, the Harlem, and the Harlem Extension. 
 
 Lebanon Spbings. — The day-line of steamers makes one of the finest 
 routes to the pojmlar summer resort, of Lebanon Springs, and one of 
 the pleasantest round trips that can be made from New York, to wit: 
 Take the " Vibbard" or "Daniel Drew" to Hudson, 115 miles; cars to 
 Chatham, 20 miles; connecting with Harlem Extension Railroad for 
 Lebanon Springs, 15 miles. In this way we enjoy a pleasant sail up the 
 river, and arrive at the Springs in the afternoon. Stay at Columbia 
 Hall as long as you can; visit the Shakers; and then return to New 
 York via Harlem Railroad, visiting Bash-Bish Falls (six miles from 
 Hillsdale, one mile from Copake) ; also Stone Church at Dover Plains, 
 and Lake Mahopac. The trip can he easily made in three or four days. 
 
 70 
 
Columbia Hall, Daniel Gale Proprietor, has a charming loca- 
 tion, and looks down from its hillside upon that beautiful valley which 
 reminded Henry Vincent of the scenery of Llangollen, in Wales. 
 
 Athens, directly opposite Hudson, is suggestive of at least one thing, 
 that we have names on the Hudson of all complexions — Troy, Athens, 
 Tivoli, and Carthage, "mixed up" with English, Dutch, and Indian 
 names of every dialect. An old Mohegan village, known as Potick, was 
 located west of Athens. 
 
 After leaving Hudson we pass Stockport on the east side, and Cox- 
 sackie on tliQ west (name derived from an Indian word signifying cut 
 banks; others say Cooks-ockay, owl-hooting; and others from Kaak-aki, 
 a place of geese). 
 
 Stuyvesant, ten miles north of Hudson, on the east bank, was once 
 known as Kinderhook Point, or Landing, and took its name from an 
 old Swedish family with numerous progeny, that once lived on a point 
 half a mile above the landing — Kinder-hook signifying Children's Cor- 
 ner, or Point. The village of Kinderhook is the finest in Columbia 
 County, five miles from the landing. Lindenwold, the home of Martin 
 Yan Buren, is about two miles from the village. Columbia is one of 
 the few counties in our republic that can boast a President of the 
 United States. 
 
 The villages of New Baltimore and Coeymans arc on the west bank. 
 Schodack Landing and Castleton on the east. In digging for tho foun- 
 dation of a house at Coey man's, in the winter of 1872, it is said that 
 ruins of the old castlo were discovered, where Anthony Van Corlear 
 blew his trumpet in vain, and carried back certain signs to the good 
 X^eoplo of New Amsterdam, strange to behold (see Irving's Knicker- 
 bocker). 
 
 Schodack. — The township of Schodack is one of the oldest and 
 pleasantest in the County of Rensselaer, and was tho head-centre or 
 capital of the Mohegan tribe. It has its origin in the word Schoti, sig- 
 nifying fire; and ack, place; or the place of tho over-burning council- 
 fire of the Mohegan tribe. Hero King Acpgin, the 8th of April, 
 1GS0, sold to Van Rensselaer " all that tract of country on the west side 
 of the Hudson, extending from Beeren Island up to Smack's Island, 
 and in breadth two day's journey." 72 
 
The Mohegan Tribe originally oocupied all the east bank of the 
 Hudson north of Eoeliffe Jansen's Kill, near Germantown, to the head 
 waters of the Hudson; and, on the west bank, from Cohoes to Catskill. 
 The town of Schoclack was central, and a signal displayed from tho hills 
 near CastJeton could be seen for thirty miles in every direction. After 
 the Mohegans left the Hudson, they went to Westenhook, or Housa- 
 tonic, to the hills south of Stockbridge; and then, on invitation of the 
 Oneidas, removed to Oneida County, 1785, where they lived until 1821, 
 when, with other Indians of New York, they purchased a tract of land 
 near Fox Biver, Minnesota. 
 
 The Mourder's Kill flows into the Hudson just above Castleton. The 
 Norman's KilJ flows into the Hudson a few miles above, on the west 
 side. It was called by the Indians the Tawasentka, or " place of many 
 dead." We are now in sight of Albany, and our summer day is drawing 
 to a close. 
 
 AiiBANY is a city of about eighty thousand inhabitants, and one of 
 the most flourishing in the State. Its prosperity is due to, at least, 
 three causes. First, the capita] was removed from New York to Albany 
 in 1798. Then followed two great enterprises, ridiculed at the time by 
 every one as the Fulton Folly and Clinton's Bitch; in other words, steam 
 navigation, 1807, and the Erie Canal, 1825. Tourists and travelers will 
 find interest in visiting the old and new Capitol, the State Hall, the 
 City Hall, and the Dudley Observatory, to the north of the city; and, 
 during their stay, they will find tho best care and attention at the 
 " Delavan House." This hotel is complete in all its appointments, and 
 is known everywhere as one of the best in the State. 
 
 The Albany Cathedral is also a grand structure, and will well repay 
 a visit. The iron fence about it was made at the Albany Iron and Ma- 
 chine Works (H. C. Haskell, Proprietor), and is probably the finest 
 work of its kind in the United States. The railing, also, on the new 
 bridge across the Hudson at Albany, is of their manufacture, to which 
 we call the respectful attention of all who have a taste for art and 
 beauty, in this "age of iron." During the past winter he completed 
 one of his fine engines for the Government Printing House in Wash- 
 ington, and it is pronounced the most effective in our country. He has 
 
 73 
 
recently erected a new building near the steamboat landing and the 
 depot of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad, four stories high, fifty 
 feet by sixty, -which increases his facilities for doing with promptness 
 and despatch his continually increasing business. 
 
 The site of Albany was called by the Indians Shaunaugh-ta-da, or 
 the Pine Plains, a name which we still sec in Schenectada. From an 
 old book in the State Library, we conden&e the following description, 
 
 DEL A VAN HOUSE. 
 
 Chaeles E. Leland & Co., Proprietors. 
 
 presenting quite a contrast to its modern business activity. "Albany 
 lay stretched along the banks of the Hudson, on one very wide and long 
 street, parallel to the Hudson. The space between the street and the 
 river-bank was occupied by gardens. A small but steep hill rose above 
 the centre of the town, on wh'ch stood a fort. The wide street leading 
 to the fort (now State Street) had a Market Place, Guard-House, Town 
 Hall, and an English and Dutch Church, in the centre." 
 
 74 
 
It is also said tliat Albany existed one hundred years without a law- 
 yer, even as Home five hundred without a physician. Its name, as wo 
 said before, was given in honor of the Duke of Albany, although it is 
 still claimed by some of the oldest inhabitants, that, in tho golden age 
 of those far-off times, when the good old burghers used to ask for tho 
 welfare of their neighbors, the answer was always "All bonnic," and 
 henco the name of the hill-crowned city. 
 
 And now, while waiting to "throw out the plank," which puts a 
 period to our Hudson River Division, wo feel like congratulating our- 
 selves that the various goblins which once infested the river have be- 
 come civilized, that the winds and tides have boen conquered, and that 
 the nine-day voyage of Hendrich Hudson and tho "Half Moon" has 
 been reduced to the nine-hour system of tho "Vibbard" and tho 
 "Drew." 
 
 Those who have traveled over Europe will certainly appreciate tho 
 quiet luxury of an American steamer; and this first introduction to 
 American scenery will always charm the tourist from other lands. 
 Three years ago it was my privilege to visit some of the rivers and lakes 
 of tho old world, well known in song and story, but I imagine that no 
 single day's journey in any land or on any stream can present such vari- 
 ety, interest, and beauty, as tho trip of one hundred and foity-four miles 
 from New York to Albany. The Hudson is indeed a goodly. volume, 
 with its broad covers of green lying open on cither side; and it might 
 in truth be called a condenspd history, for there is no j>laco in our 
 country where poetry and romance are so strangely blended with tho 
 heroic and the historic; — no river where the waves of different civiliza- 
 tions have left so many waifs upon tho banks. It is classic ground, 
 from tho " wilderness to tho sea," and will always bo 
 
 THE POETS' CORNER OF OUR COUNTRY; 
 
 the home of Irving, Willis, and Morris, — of Fulton, Morse, and Field, 
 — of Cole, Audubon, and Church,— -and scores besides, whosG names 
 aro Household Words. 
 
 75 
 
One of the interesting features of Albany is the celebrated Clothing 
 House of Davis & Co. No one should leave the city without paying it 
 
 rstteuso/t 
 
 a visit. If tourists want anything in their line, they will be honorably 
 dealt by. We can recommend the Establishment in every particular. 
 
 76 
 
DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 Albany and Susquehanna Depaetment. — There are few railroads in 
 our country that possess for so many miles such variety 8nd interest as 
 the Albany and Susquehanna. All the way from Albany to Bingham ton 
 the hills and valleys, the streams, rivulets, and rivers form a succession 
 of beautiful landscapes, framed in the moving panorama of a car window. 
 The railroad follows the valleys of three streams — the Schoharie, the 
 Cobleskill, and the Susquehanna. 
 
 Leaving Albany we pass through the little villages and stations of 
 Adamsville, Slingerlands, New Scotland, Guilderland, Knowersville, 
 Duanesburgh, Quaker Street, Esperance, and come to Central Bridge, 
 thirty-six miles from Albany, the junction with the branch road for 
 Schoharie Court-House and Middleburgh. Schoharie village, the county 
 seat, is situated on Schoharie Flats. First settlement made in 1711. 
 Population about fifteen hundred. The old stone church, erected in 
 1772, is now used as an arsenal. Three miles from Central Bridge, or 
 thirty-nine miles from Albany, is the celebrated 
 
 Howe's Cave, discovered on the 22d May, 1842, by Lester Howe. 
 In interest and extent it is second only to the great Mammoth Cave of 
 Kentucky, and presents, in truth, a new world of beauty, with arches 
 and walls reaching away for miles, of which perhaps the half is only 
 discovered. Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are 
 the following, as named by Mr. Howe: — 
 
 "Reception, or Lecture Eoom," "Washington Hall," "Bridal 
 Chamber," (temperature 48 deg. Fah.), where many have been nup- 
 tually tied, including the two daughters of the discoverer; "The 
 Chapel," some forty feet high; "Harlequin Tunnel," " Cataract Hall," 
 " Ghost Eoom, or Haunted Castle," "Music Hall," " Stygian, or Crystal 
 Lake." At the foot of the lake there are several gas-burners, giving 
 the visitor a beautiful view of that portion of the cave and lake, and the 
 side grotto near by. From thence visitors proceed by boats across the 
 
 77 
 
lake to "Plymouth Bock," and from thence continue the journey to 
 the " Devil's Gateway," " The Museum," " Geological Booms," "Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin," " Giants' Study," " Pirates' Cave," " Bocky Mountains," 
 1 ' Valley of Jehosophat, " ' « Winding Way, " and ' < Botunda. " There are 
 the usual formations, known as "Stalagmites " and " Stalactites," many 
 of them singular in form and variety. In Washington Hall arc two, 
 named "Lady Washington's Hood "and " Washington's Epaulet;" and 
 beyond these are "The Harp," and numberless others. At the head 
 and foot of the lake there are two large stalagmites, the former large 
 enough to fill the entire body of the cave, which has made it necessary 
 to excavate an artificial passage around it. These are among the most 
 wonderful formations in the cave, and of particular interest to the geo- 
 logical and scientific student. 
 
 We are only able to mark out the route in this hasty manner. To 
 sjisak of all the objaefcs of interest would draw us aside from the pur- 
 pose of a general guide. The "Cave House" is a fine hotel, recently 
 erected at the mouth of the cave, and the wants of the tourist and ex- 
 plorer will be carefully attended to. Every one should visit Howe's 
 Cave, and sec these real Arabian Night beauties, so near the capital of 
 the Empire State. 
 
 The next station is Cobleskill, forty-five miles from Albany. This 
 rich and fertile valley was called by the Indians Ots-ga-ra-ga. The 
 village is thriving and flourishing. Smith'3 "National Hotel" is one 
 of the best on the route, and decidedly the best in the place. This is 
 a 7 SD the junction of the Cherry Valley Branch, which passes through 
 Hyndsville, Seward, and Sharon Springs. 
 
 Sharon Springs is one of the oldest and most satisfactory summer 
 resorts. The village is splendidly located — as we said years ago, on 
 our first visit — in a valley on a hill. The streets arc well shaded. There 
 are nine large hotels, always full. One of the pleasantcsb of these — in 
 location and every point of comfort — is the " Union," a cut of which is 
 here given. The cool and shaded verandahs, the large and well-fur- 
 
 73 
 
nished rooms, and every luxury in its season, combine to make it a 
 pleasant place to spend a summer season. 
 
 The picturesque scenery of Sharon and environs, and the beautiful 
 X^ark promenades and drives, have made this summer resort one of the 
 most frequented in the United States. The Sulphur, Magnesia, and 
 Chalybeate Springs have a fine reputation for the cure of cutaneous 
 diseases. Since the completion of the Branch Railroad from CoblesklU 
 it is very easy of access, — only two hours from Albany via the pleasant 
 drawing-room coaches of the Albany and Susquehanna Department. 
 
 UNION HOUSE, SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 Chable3 Schwarz, Proprietor. 
 
 Cherry Valley.— The next station to Sharon is Cherry Valley, a 
 pleasant town in tho northeast corner of Otsego County; a-nd from this 
 point a stage-lino connects with Richfield Springs, and its. long-estab- 
 lished and popular hotel, the "American House." Returning to 
 Cobleskill we pursue our route westward on the main line of tho Albany 
 and Susquehanna; and we pass through Richmondvillc, lying in a val- 
 ley on our left; then East Worcester, Worcester, Schenevus, and Mary- 
 land, to the junction of the Cooperstown and Susquehanna Valley 
 Railroad for Portlandsville, Milford, Clinton, Phoenix, and 
 
 Cooperstown, one of the pleasantest villages in New York, and one 
 
 79 
 
1 
 
 of the classic points of our country. It is situated on the shore of 
 Otsego, a beautiful lake, worthy of being the fountain-head of the 
 bright flowing Susquehanna. Every one who has read "The Deer- 
 slayer " or " The Pioneer " knows something of its beauty. The name 
 Otsego signifies "friendly greeting," from tbe fact that a small rock 
 near the shore was a rendezvous where the tribes were wont to assemble; 
 and its name is still significant to the tourist and traveler, for the 
 " Cooper House " is indeed a place of "friendly greeting," and has for 
 its motto the old Scotch proverb, "Welcome the coming, and speed the 
 
 COOPEB HOUSE, COOPEKSTOWN, ST. T. 
 
 (Foot of Otsego Lake.) 
 Coleman & Maxwell, Proprietors. 
 
 parting." In the hands of its present popular proprietors — William B. 
 Coleman, of the "New York Hotel." and Albert Maxwell, late superin- 
 tendent of the "Union Club," — it has won the first position as a place 
 of summer resort. The hotel is, in every particular, one of the fine^L 
 and best-furnished in the United States. It r.tands on the highest 
 ground in the village— SO feet above the lake, 1200 feet above the sea— 
 and is surrounded by a fine park of over seven acres, handsomely 
 planted with shade-trees; and with croquet, ball, and archery grounds 
 
 80 
 
within the inclosnre. The internal arrangements of the house are com- 
 plete with .all the modern improvements, including bells, gas in every 
 room, hot and cold baths, &c. 
 
 There are also desirable cottages, containing six, twelve, and twenty- 
 two rooms each. 
 
 The surroundings of Cooperstown are delightful in every particular, 
 and there are fine drives in every direction. Mount Visiou, a little to 
 the north, overlooks the village; and still further to the north is Pros- 
 pect Cliff. Otsego Lake, like Lake Mahopac, is literally surrounded 
 with beauty ; and, like Irvington or Tarrytown, Cooperstown is one of 
 the literary Mcccas of our country. It is the place to read the works 
 of Cooper; for, in reading them, we are here surrounded by the same 
 inspiration which produced them. In his * ; Deerslayer " we ha\c the 
 finest description of the lake and surrounding hills. " On a level with 
 the point lay a broad sheet of water, so placid and limpid that it re- 
 sembled a bed of the pure mountain atmosphere comjoresscd into a setting 
 of hills and woods . At its northern or nearest end it was bounded bv 
 an isolated mountain; lower land falling off cast and west, gracefully 
 relieving the sweep of the outline; still the character of the country 
 was mountainous; high hills or low mountains rising abruptly from the 
 water on quite nine-tenths of its circuit. But the most striking pecu- 
 liarity of the scene were its solemn solitndc and sweet repose. On all 
 sides, wherever the eye turned, nothing met it but the mirror-like sur- 
 face of the lake, the placid view of heaven, and the dense totting of 
 woods. So rich and fleecy were the outlines of the forest, that the 
 whole visible earth, from the rounded mountain-top to the water's edge 
 presented one unvaried hue of unbroken verdure. " The same points 
 still exist which "Leather Stocking " then saw. There is the same 
 beauty of verduro along the hills, and the sun still glints as brightly as 
 then the ripples of the clear water. There arc some things that arc 
 constant even upon earth, and surely the unchanging stars should have 
 a changeless mirror! Cooper himself says in the preface, "Even the 
 points exist, a little altered by civilization, but so nearly answering to 
 the description as to be easily recognized by all who arc familiar with 
 the scenery of this j)articular region." 
 
 81 
 
The Cemetery, -we venture to say, has a finer location than any in 
 the State; and Natty Bumppo looks down from his marble shaft upon 
 the blight "Glimmerglass" which recalls his memory. The new 
 steamboat, also named after the great hunter, will run three times a 
 day during the season, touching at Three-Mile Point, Five-Mile Point, 
 and Springfield Landing, connecting with a new line of stages at the 
 head of the lake for Richfield Springs. There will also be frequent 
 pleasure-trijjs around the lake. 
 
 Cooperstown is within four hours from Albany or Binghamton by 
 rail, and there is communication twice each way daily. Omnibuses 
 will run regularly from the " Cooper House," to and from the steamer 
 and favorite prospects. In the central part of the village is a pleasant 
 hotel styled the "Central House," W. C. Keyes & Son, proprietors. It is 
 kept open summer and winter, and justly deserves the fine reputation 
 it has obtained among persons traveling, either on business or pleasure. 
 In addition to the natural beauty of this county seat of Otsego, we must 
 not overlook the following enterprise of the citizens. The business 
 men of Cooperstown, being desirous to attract manufactories or any 
 producing enterprises which will add to its population and trade, offer 
 through a committee of the ' ' Improvement Society," to give a suitable 
 lot or building site to any responsible parties who will conduct such 
 business there. Further aid in the way of capital, residences, &c, 
 would also be given where the undertaking justified or required it. 
 Desirable homestead lots can also be obtained on or near the lake or 
 river at very low prices. 
 
 The last census returns show Cooperstown to be one of the most 
 healthful localities in the State, as well as being highly favored in its 
 public school, library, and reading-room, and other educational facilities. 
 
 There are many elegant residences in the village. The house and 
 grounds of Edward Clark are noted throughout the State. For fuller 
 particulars in reference to the historic interest and living poetry of 
 Cooperstown we call your attention to a descriptive essay by Barry 
 Gray, entitled " The home of Cooper, and the haunts of Leather- 
 stocking;" and while you are waiting to take a pleasant lake trip to 
 another watering-place near at hand, we will quote a sentence from 
 
 82 
 
Mr. Seward's address at Cherry Valley, July 4th, 1840, which each person 
 may appropriately repeat: "I have desired to see for myself the 
 valleys of Otsego, through which the Susquehanna extends bis arms 
 and entwines his fingers with the tributaries of the Mohawk, as if to 
 divert that gentle river from its allegiance to the Hudson." 
 
 Richfield Springs. — Of all routes to this popular summer resort, 
 there is none so picturesque and pleasant as this we have indicated, via 
 Cooperstown and Otsego Lake. Of course, persons in a hurry will take 
 a drawing-room coach at the New York Grand Central Depot, and in 
 eight hours, without change ot cars, be set down at the doors of the 
 pleasant and hospitable "American." The village is noted everywhere 
 as one of the healthiest in the State; and its fine springs have been to 
 many true "fountains of youth." The "American Hotel" is one of 
 tho oldest established resorts in the country, and its popularity has 
 ever been on the increase. It has a fino location fronting the pavilion 
 and pleasant grounds of the Richfield Sulphur Springs. This new lino 
 across the lake will make a pleasant interchange between the guests of 
 Richfield and Cooperstown, and will be very popular. The drive across 
 is also very fine, either along the shore of Schuyler Lake or Otsego. 
 There is a hill about two miles from Richfield, from which one will see 
 seven lakes, all lying within a radius of ten miles. 
 
 Returning now to the main line of the Albany and Susquehanna 
 Railroad, we can pursue our western journey through Collier's and Em- 
 mons', to Oneonta, one of the most stirring villages on the route. The 
 next station is Otego. From this point stages connect with the pleasant 
 village of Franklin, well known through its prosperous seminary and 
 educational enterprise. Passing through Wells' Bridge, Unadilla, Sid- 
 ney (with its branch road to Delhi), Afton, and Harpcrsville, we come 
 to the Tunnel, 127 miles from New York. Then passing through Os- 
 born Hollow and Port Crane, we come to Binghamton, and complete 
 the equilateral triangle — New York, Albany, and Binghamton. It is a 
 flourishing city of 16,000 inhabitants, and has complete railway con- 
 nections with the Erie, the Delaware Lackawana and Western, and 
 Syracuse and Binghamton railways. The best hotel is the " Spaulding 
 House," only a short distance from the depot. 
 
 33 
 
Mes. H. H. CAKY. 
 
 Mes. WM. P. JOHNSON. 
 
 G. W. TUNNICLIFF. 
 
 WW ##> 
 
 1873-RICHFIELD SPRINGS-1873 
 
 OTSEGO COUNTY, N. Y. 
 
 WM. P. JOHNSON & CO., PROPRIETORS. 
 
 The reputation of the ".American" is so well established as a first-class 
 Summer Hotel— the favorite resort of families seeking a pleasant home during 
 the warm weather — that it needs no introduction to the public. It is situated 
 directly opposite the celebrated Richfield Sulphur Springs, and has recently 
 been enlarged by the erection of a new wing, wiiich adds 100 rooms to its former 
 accommodations; the grand parlor ho s been enlarged; Gas has been introduced 
 through the entire House, and general improvements made throughout; much 
 new Furniture has been added. There is a fine Sulphur Spring, recently dis- 
 coverad and tubed, in the basement oi the Hotel. It is impossible to estimate 
 too highly the great Medicinal value of these "Waters for all Cutaneous Diseases, 
 Rheumatism, Gout, &c, as thousands will testify who have been cured by their 
 use. 
 
 Visitors can come all the way from New York by Railroad, as the road to 
 Richfield Springs, connected with *he New York Central R. R., at Utica, is now 
 open. Drawing Room Car; will be run direct from New York City to Rich- 
 field Springs during the coming season. Visitors from Philadelphia can reach 
 Richfield Springs via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Those com- 
 ing to the Springs via Susquehanna and Cooperstown Railroadr, will find an 
 excellent line of stages leaving twice a day. running between Cooperstown and 
 Richfield Springs, a distance of 14 miles. Baggage checked through, over either 
 route, from New York or Philadelphia to Richfield Springs. 
 
 «» » 
 
 Per Day, 
 
 Pei" Week, 1 week, - 
 
 $4 
 
 21 to $25 
 
 $20 to $23 
 
 13 to 20 
 
 * 
 
 TERMS OF BOARD. 
 
 Per Week, 2 weeks, 
 
 Per Week, 4 weeks or longer, 
 
 According to Location and Size of Rooms. 
 A Double Room occupied by one person, price and a half. 
 Children and Servants at tho Children's table, $10 per week. 
 Drawing Room Cars S l i hours from New York without Change. 
 The American House has this season been thoroughly renovated in the 
 culinary department, and the new and commodious sewers lately built in the 
 village renders the drainage from this House thorough and complete. 
 
1TIAGARA FALLS, AND THE NEW YORK CENTEAL 
 
 RAILROAD. 
 
 At iho unveiling cf Shakespeare's monument in Central Park, William 
 Cullcn Bryant r:aid, What Niagara is to other waterfalls Shakespeare is 
 to other poets. In the converse of this sentence wo have a happy tx- 
 prcssion cf Niagara's greatness and grandeur, for it is in truth tho 
 crowning glory of our continent. 
 
 The route from Albany is via "The Nov/ York Central," one of the 
 best-appointed railroads in our country; furnished with Wagner's ele- 
 gant drawing-room cars and Pullman coaches. There are live through 
 trains from New York to Niagara Falls; and this route combines fpeed 
 with the greatest comfort. In fact, our times have outgrown the in- 
 conveniences of travel. The dream of Arabian fancy is realized. These 
 sumptuous saloons remind one of the "enchanted carpet" which wafted 
 the traveler from place to place. 
 
 Leaving the domes of the river-crowned capital behind us, we pass 
 through Schenectady, Fonda, Palatine Bridge, Fort Plain, and places 
 of minor interest, and come to Little Falls, the head centre of Herkimer 
 cheese. Here the gentle Mohawk of the poet rushes through a rock 
 channel of remarkable formation, and wo come to the conclusion that 
 the writer of 
 
 " How sweet ia the vale where the Mohawk gently glides" 
 
 was not a native of Herkimer. We get, from the car window, quite a 
 good view of the river and its rocky channel. A few miles further 
 bring us to 
 
 Utica — the first express station — ninety-five miles from Albany. This, 
 in continental days, was the sito of old Fort Schuyler, and now one of 
 the most flourishing towns in Central New York. Passengers for Tren- 
 ton Falls hero take the Utica and Black River Railroad to Trenton, 
 — a passage of scenery not only wild and romantic, but also rendered 
 poetic by tho pen of N. P. Willis. These falls — six in number— are 
 well worth a visit. 
 
 Passengers for Richfield Springs will be carried by drawing-room cars 
 
 85 
 
•without change, and will be safely set down at the American Hotel, — 
 about three hours' run from Albany. The attractions in and about 
 Utica will well repay a few days' visit. The pleasantest hotel in the 
 city is the " Butterneld House," a few blocks removed from the noise 
 and turmoil of the depot. A cut of this hotel is here given. It is 
 complete in every particular, and situated in the central and business 
 
 THE BUTTERFTELD HOUSE, KJTICA, N. Y. 
 
 06CAR R. Stone k Co., Proprietors. 
 
 part of the city. Free omnibuses to and from the cars. We also 
 imagine there is no city which even passing strangers hold in better 
 remembrance, as this furnishes the best restaurant on the line of the 
 Central Railroad, and Mr. D. M. Johnson's lunch-boxes, furnished with 
 goodly provisions — price $1.00 — are known by every one the whole 
 length of the line. 
 
 86 
 
Passing through Rome, where persons connect with the "Rome, 
 Watertown, and Ogdensburgh " line for the Thousand Islands, the St. 
 Lawrence Rapids, and Montreal, our next city of importance is 
 
 Syracuse, 118 miles from Albany, one of the most flourishing 
 and enterprising towns of Central New York, and almost as well salted 
 as old Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities of the plain. Here are railroad 
 connections for Binghamton and Oswego; and here, also, the Old and 
 New Central diverges, meeting again at 
 
 Rochester, 229 miles fiom Albany, the finest city of "Western New 
 York, and in some particulars the finest in the State. It is situated 
 on the Genesee River, which we cross as we come into the city; and 
 we get a view, on our right, of the falls where Sam Patch made the 
 last extempore effort of his life. The Genesee has fine water-power, 
 and the falls also furnished successful inspiration to one of Daniel 
 Webster's finest efforts. The best hotel is the " Osborn House, " cen- 
 trally located. Passing through Brockport, Albion, Medina, and Lock- 
 port, we come to 
 
 Suspension Bridge, 304 miles from Albany, the first great enterprise 
 of the New "World; for, without being personal, there was certainly "a 
 great gulf fixed " between the United States and Canada, until one day 
 a little kite-string drew a wire across the chasm, and the wire grew and 
 multiplied until tho spider-like art hung a thousand tons in equipoise. 
 Two miles now bring us to 
 
 Niagara Falls, and, making our way through throngs of porters 
 and carriages, whose clamor drowns even the roar of the waters, we 
 soon find ourselves safely and quietly located in the j)leasant rooms of 
 the "International," — appropriately named, for scenery like Niagara, 
 even if Canada were a part of our country, could never belong to one 
 nation or people. It is International. It belongs to tho world. This 
 hotel, under the supervision of Jame3 T. Fulton, owner and proprietor, 
 has won a wide reputation for civility and attention to travelers. It is 
 the largest and most pleasantly situated at Niagara, having ample ac- 
 commodation for over six hundred guests. During the past winter it 
 
 37 
 
has been thoroughly refitted, and an elegant addition, comprising suites 
 oi rooms, and three magnificent public parlors, extending one hundred 
 fee!; into the rapicis, has been made, and, being nearer the Falls than 
 any other hotel, it is now unsurpassed for comfort, location, and 
 cccncry. Railroad, steamboat, and telegraph offices in tho building. 
 Omnibuses and porters at all trains. A fine cut of the hotel is here 
 riven, furnished by the courtesy of Mr. Henry Morford, whose fine 
 handbooks on American and European travel arc favorably known on 
 cither side cf the Atlantic. 
 
 ■■■Mi 
 
 IBmlHir 
 
 iireofllTSEji" 
 
 ^■pHpl^^ 
 
 fs**- 
 
 BgpsFV? 
 
 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. 
 Ja^ies T. Fclton*, Proprietor. 
 
 And now, being comfortably located, we will proceed to take a look 
 at the "scenery." A few steps bring us to the American Falls (900 feet 
 across, and 164 feet high). We have all seen pictures of these falls, 
 from Church's niasierpiece to the hastily engraved cut of a Guide-Book; 
 we ail have an idea how the falls look; but they never speak to us until 
 we have looked over that deep abyss and up the stream which ever 
 rushes on like an army to battle, and miles down the crowded channel 
 
 S3 
 
 *p>r 
 
 ■«r 
 
 -^ 
 
•where the black waters have worn their passage, through the silent, un- 
 known ceutaries. Rjineinber what they say to you, oh, hearer 1 and 
 as you look upon them the first; time uncover your head a single mo- 
 meat. The lunjuagc is addressed to your soul. One-eighth of a milo 
 b-ilow theio falls is the new Suspension Bridge, tho longest in the 
 worid — 1300 feet in length, the towers 100 feet high, and cables 1800 
 feat long. This carriage and foot- way wa3 long needed, and now not 
 only presents a fine view of the Falls from every ttand-point, but 
 affords tho most convenient route to the views on the Canada side. It 
 was opened to the public January 4th, 18C9. Goat Island, the natural 
 Central Park of the Falls, is connected with the American lido by a 
 bridge. The area of the island is about sixty acres. In our hasty 
 sketch we will, however, only name tho places to bo visited, leaving 
 the description to the local guide books. The Cavo of the Wines, 
 with its magnificent curtain of ch nging beauty,, the Rainbow, the 
 Whirlpool Rapids, reached by the Double Elevator. Terrapin Bridge 
 and Prospect Tower, overlooking Horse Shoe Falls (about 1C00 feet 
 wide and 158 feet high). On the Canada side the principal points of 
 interest are Table Rock and the broad Causeway, where one can feel 
 all the glory of Niagara, and where Mrs. Sigourney wrote those ex- 
 pressive lines — 
 
 " God lias eet 
 His rainbow on thy forehead, and the clouds 
 Mantled around thy feet." 
 
 Burning Spring is about a mile above Table Rock, near the river edge. 
 Not far from this the battle of Chippewa was fought, July 5, 1814. 
 And also, a milo and a half from the falls, is the battle ground of 
 Lundy's Lane. Tho Suspension Bridge, two miles below, is a triumph 
 in art; tho Whirlpool is about a mile below this bridge. Many writers 
 bave attemp^d to describe Niagara, but in every description there is 
 something lacking. We can give its dimensions, its height and breadth, 
 and point out the places to be seen; but there is a Unity about Niagara 
 which can only be felt. It makes one -wish that David could have seen 
 it, and added a new chapter to the Psalms. It surely would not have 
 
 89 
 
 '^t fc-jwwwwj 1 * 
 
been out of place in the chapter folio-wing "The heavens declare the 
 glory of God, the firmament showeth His handiwork." In happy 
 reminiscence tho great English novelist has perhaps wiitten its best 
 description: "I think in every quiet season, now, siill do these waters 
 roll, and leap, and roar, and tumble, all day long. Still are the rain- 
 bows spanning them, a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on 
 them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, when the day is 
 gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem to crumble away like the front 
 of a great chalk cliff, or roll down the rock like dense white smoke. 
 But always does the mighty stream appear to die as it comes d(5wn, and 
 always from the unfathomable grave arises that tremendous ghost of 
 spray and mist which is never laid, which has haunted the place with 
 the same dread solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that 
 first flood before the deluge — Light — came rushing on Creation at the 
 word of God." 
 
 From Niagara tourists " may make the round trip to Montreal, Lake 
 Champlain, Lake George, and Saratoga, or the still longer round trip 
 to Montreal, the Green and White Mountains, and so to New York, via 
 Portland and Boston. Tourists taking either of these trips have two 
 routes to Montreal — one via the Grand Trunk Railroad, tho other via 
 boat down the lake and St. Lawrence. The rapids and islands are in- 
 teresting features of the route, and we refer to them again in our article 
 on " Montreal and the Thousand Islands." 
 
 » » « 
 
 TOUBISTS WILn FIND 
 
 The best Summer and Winter Stereoscopic Views of 
 NIAGABA FALLS, 
 
 AT 
 
 ME. GEO. BARKER'S, 
 
 Almost opposite the International Hotel. 
 
 Fifteen Hundred Distinct Views. 
 
 Also, Indian Work and Curiosities. 
 90 
 
FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMOBE, 
 
 AND WASHINGTON, 
 
 VIA 
 
 EOCHESTER, CANANDAIGUA, PENN-YAN, WATKINS' GLEN, 
 ELMIEA, WILLIAMSPORT, AND HARRISBURGH. 
 
 Tliis route— from Niagara to Philadelphia and Washington— presents 
 some of the finest scenery of New York and Pennsylvania; and makes 
 
 SENECA LAKE. 
 
 one of the best round trips to be taken in connection with the day-line 
 of the Hudson and the route we have just indicated to Niagara. Tourists 
 may also reverse the order, going direct from Philadelphia to Niagara 
 and Watklns' Glen, and then to Albany and down the Hudson to New 
 York. 
 
 These beautiful giens— Watkins and Glenola, near the shores of 
 Seneca Lake— have been poetically styled "a secluded mystery of 
 
 91 
 
r 
 
 beauties which the elements have been for ages carving and decorat- 
 ing." No x^erson, in fact, can be said to do New York State thoroughly 
 without paying tbcm a visit. During the last few years there have 
 bsen many descriptive articles giving an idea of their general character; 
 but, like all descriptions, they tail short in the expression. One of the 
 best of these — at least in point of brevity — was published in Scribntr's, 
 1872; and we subjoin the following description of 
 
 Ttttc Glen, or cabinet edition of a Colorado canyon; "Here -we see 
 
 THE GLEN MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 
 
 a placid pool, there a thundering waterfall, beyond a ribbon of foam, 
 where the stream tears through a crooked rift in the rocks; then a series 
 of rippling cascades, followed by long reaches of still water, so clear 
 and glassy that one seems to look through the slaty bottom into an 
 under world of fantastic forms — an inverted spiritual counterpart of 
 the wonderful region round and above. Now the stream overspreads 
 a broad channel, as level as a pavement; now it rushes through a nar- 
 row sluice-way, and again sleeps in a chain of oval pools, the footprints 
 
 92 
 
of waterfalls long since receded." These various points arc so rapidly 
 and poetically referred to in the above quotation that ifc rem.'nds one of 
 the musical poem often read by elocutionists, "The way the water 
 comc s down at Ladorc." 
 
 HECTOR FALTiS. 
 
 The doublo fall of Hector, in the neighborhood, is well wormy of a 
 summer day's excursion, " where a stream much larger than any of tho 
 Glen streams, leaps into the lake over a quick succession of bold cliffs, 
 falling two hundred feet or more in as many yards." 
 
 From Watkins Glen our route will take us via Elmira to Minequa, 
 with its noted Springs; and Williamsport, with its fine hotel, — tho 
 "Herdic House." 93 
 
At Northumberland, forty miles south of Williamsport, the north 
 and west branches of the Susquehanna meet. The north branch, you 
 will remember, takes its rise in Otsego Lake, at Cooperstown (referred 
 to in our article on the route to Cooperstown, Sharon and Kichfield 
 Springs), and is famous in poetry and history for the cruel tragedy of 
 Wyoming, and the stirring scenes on its banks. You will also remem- 
 ber Campbell's beautiful line — 
 
 a 
 
 On Susquehanna's side, fair Wyoming." 
 
 And now we pass the marriage of two poetic streams, where the 
 "blue Juniata " is willing to change her name, and, in maiden modesty, 
 give all herself to her liquid Borneo. Then, thirty-seven miles to Lan- 
 caster, where Eobert Fulton, when a boy, made his first paddle-wheels; 
 and Thaddeus Stevens and Buchanan lived. Then sixty miles bring us 
 to Bryn Mawr, a pleasant village in the suburbs of Philadelphia, with 
 station and railway appointments suggesting an English landscape, and 
 so to Philadelphia, with its pleasant streets, "that re-echo the names 
 of the trees of the forest." 
 
 It is rjrobably the most quiet and orderly city in the world for its 
 size. Although it has a population of about 700,000, and possesses 
 stirring business activity and enterprise, still the quiet genius of its 
 great founder seems to reign supreme. The most pleasant, quiet, and 
 convenient hotel is the "Colonnade House," John Crump, Proprietor, 
 a cut of which is given on the opposite page. The tourist can spend a 
 number of days in Philadelphia with profit; and, in addition to its 
 commercial activity, it has a decent and resi^ectful reverence for an- 
 tiquity — a quality in New York which seems to be honored in the 
 breach rather than the observance. Old Independence Hall is a 
 Fourth-of-July Oration in itself; as is the old bell, with its singularly 
 prophetic inscription. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Bailroad has made this one of the most delightful 
 routes; and we wish to acknowledge their courtesy in furnishing the 
 cuts which illustrate this article. From Philadelphia the tourist will 
 proceed on his route for Baltimore and Washington. 
 
 94 
 
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THE 
 
 ( 
 
 ongrcss an 
 
 & f mpi 
 
 ire lprin0 fflatcr^ 
 
 OF SARATOGA 
 
 Are the best of all the Saratoga Waters for the 
 use of Persons of Constipated Habit. 
 
 They act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility; and their 
 effect is not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. 
 At the same time they are not too cathartic,— a fault with some of our more drastic 
 mineral waters,— hut sufficiently so for daily healthful use, and not strong enough 
 to produce reaction. 
 
 As an alterative, these waters, by continued use, keep the bloed in a very 
 pure and healthful condition, producing a clear, florid complexion. 
 
 They are especially beneficial in cases of habitual Bilious Headache, Dys- 
 pepsia, and Constipation, and are sure preventives of all bilious disorders. 
 
 Eveey Genuine Bottle of Congress Wateb has a labge "C" eaised on 
 
 the Glass. 
 
 For Sale by Druggists and Hotels throughout the country. 
 None Genuine Sold on Draught 
 
 At our General Mineral Water Depot in New York all varieties of Natural 
 Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered free in New York, Brooklyn, 
 and Jersey City. 
 
 Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and 
 allowed for at liberal prices. Address, • 
 
 CONGRESS & EMPIRE SPRING CO., 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and 
 
 94 Chambers St., New York City. 
 
 In connection with a recent Analysis of Congress Water, Prof: C F. 
 Chandler remarks that "as a cathartic voter, its almost entire freedom from 
 iron should recommend it above all others." 
 
 . . . 
 
SAEATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, AND PLATTSBURG. 
 
 From Albany we take the Kensselaer and Saratoga Railroad (division 
 of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company) direct to Saratoga, or by 
 way of 
 
 Teoy, at the head of tide-water, the enterprising city of the Hudson. 
 In fact, it might be considered the live town of the river. In the year 
 
 TEOT HOUSE. 
 
 C. H. Jones, Proprietor. 
 
 178G, it was called Ferryhook. In 1787, Rensselaerwyck. In the fall 
 of 1787, the settlers began to use the name of Vanderheyden, after the 
 family who owned a great part of the ground where the city now stands. 
 January 9th, 1789, the freeholders of the town met and gave it the name 
 of Troy. As a natural sequence, the adjoining hills took the names of 
 Ida and Olympus. 
 
 The best hotel is the " Troy House, " corner of First and River 
 Streets, near the steamboat dock, and only a few blocks from the depot. 
 
 97 
 
Free omnibuses to and from the hotel. It i3 also the most central place 
 in the city, and tourists will always find gentlemanly clerks and kind 
 attention. 
 
 Like Troy of old, this city flourishes in an "ago of iron." The Bes- 
 semer Steel Rail Works, in the southern part of the city, keep up a 
 continual Fourth of July by a display of fireworks that are well worth 
 an evening visit. The manufacture of stoves is also a large part of the 
 business enterprise. "We would call attention to the new Empire 
 Heating Range of Swett, Quimby, & Perry, as something new and 
 successful in the way of heating rooms, connected with a fine cooking- 
 range. Troy has also the best rejoutation for making elegant marbleized 
 mantles. The extensive works of C. W. Billings are situated on the 
 corner of Hutton and North Third Streets; and here we can trace the 
 progress of a slab rough from Hydeviilc through various manipulations, 
 until ifc becomes in fact "a thing of beauty." The finest residences in 
 our country arc being furnished with mantles of his manufacture. 
 Waters' Paper Boats are also manufactured in Troy. During the last 
 four seasons they have been rowed by the winners of more than a hun- 
 dred matched races. 
 
 The population of Troy is over 50,000, and rapidly growing. The 
 falls of the Poestenkill are in a romantic ravine, within thirty minutes' 
 walk of the Troy House. This stream and the Wynantskill furnish a 
 good water-power. The Union Depot is a fine building; and three 
 railroads centre here — the Hudson River, the Rensselaer and Saratoga, 
 and the Troy and Boston. Taking the 
 
 Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, we cross the Hudson and 
 Green Island, the birthplace of Morrisey, and we believe once used as 
 a camping-ground by General Gates. We pass through the long street 
 of Waterford, and leave Cohoes on our left, a manufacturing town which 
 received its name from the falls of the Mohawk, one of the mouths of 
 which here empties into the Hudson. Its Indian name is said to sig- 
 nify the "Island at the Falls." We pass through Mechanicville, near 
 the historic fields of Stillwater and Bemis Heights; Round Lake Station, 
 with its summer village and camp-meeting privileges, and come to 
 
 Ballston Spa, twenty-five miles from Troy, a pleasant watering- 
 
 98 
 
place, although under the immediate shadow of Saratoga. The best 
 hotel is the "Sans Souci." 
 
 We lately came across an article in Harper's Magazine, published 
 twenty years ago, which gives a gorgeous description of the youth and 
 beauty that were there assembled; and we were more surprised at the 
 fact that we had a summer hotel that had existed twenty years, than 
 when we met soon after a reference to one of the German Spas in the 
 lines of Spenser's "Faery Queen." 
 
 The Ballston Artesian Lithia Spring is everywhere noted, and re- 
 commended by medical and scientific men as containing the most valu- 
 able properties of any spring in our country. The analysis is given in 
 full on another page. It is said that the grandfather of the Hon. 
 Stephen A. Douglas built a log house in Ballston in the year 1792, for 
 the accommodation of invalids. 
 
 From Ballston there is a Schenectady Branch Railroad, which mate- 
 rially shortens the distance for those en route to Niagara, Sharon, or 
 points west. Seven miles more bring us to 
 
 Saratoga Springs, thirty-two miles from Troy, and one hundred and 
 eighty-two from New York. 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 In our hasty sketch of watering-places and the routes thereto, this 
 great summer resort of our country ought to be printed in large capital 
 letters. The heading deserves a full line of itself, instead of being 
 crowded into a left-hand corner of a page of type — and it shall have it. 
 In other words, Saratoga is something more than a paragraph, or 
 Barnum would have wheeled it across the continent thirty years ago. 
 Compared with the Springs, other watering-places are mere commas, 
 eemi-coions, or, at the most, colons; but this jmnctuation-point in 
 pleasure-travel is a full stop. It is, in fact, a place which every one 
 likes to visit once in a lifetime, and most people once a year. 
 
 It pleases a philosopher because it is the best place on the continent 
 to study human nature. It pleases the young gentleman and lady of 
 flirting propensities, because they can easily find hearts and heads as 
 
 99 
 
soft and responsive as their own. It pleases the managing mother, be- 
 cause she has a field for diplomacy which would puzzle a Richelieu or 
 a Bismarck. It pleases the sporting gentleman, because he has an op- 
 portunity of displaying his interest or losing his principal in a fashion- 
 able horse-race. It pleases the invalid, for this has been to many a 
 genuine fountain of health. In short, it presents to every condition 
 and character something to be enjoyed; and each class soon attracts its 
 own companions. 
 
 PARK OF THE GEAND UNION EOTEL. 
 Bbesltn, Gakdneii, k Co., Proprietors. 
 
 Saratoga is like the knight's shield, and can be looked at from either 
 side: one side is the purest gold, and the other tarnished silver. But 
 we will allow each person to do his own moralizing, and proceed with 
 the main object and design of our handbook. The first thing of in- 
 terest to the stranger is to get located at a hotel. The four finest are 
 
 xoo 
 
 J 
 
. 
 
 ... -'. . 
 
 
 
on Broadway, the main street of the village, and we will refer to them 
 in their order, as we approach them from the railroad station. 
 
 The GeajSD Union Hotel, located on the west side of Broadway, is 
 the largest hotel in Saratoga; and, it is said, larger than any in the 
 world. It not only presents a street frontage of 1364 feet, but also in- 
 closes a fine park, a cut of which is here given. The grounds and build- 
 ings cover a space seven acres in extent. Its capacious drawing-rooms 
 and dining-halls have been newly adorned and frescoed ; and its destiny 
 is secure in the hands of its popular proprietors — Breslin, Gardner, 
 &0o. 
 
 f"««rv ^Jam*******- =* 
 
 CONGRESS RALL. 
 Hathorn k Soutkgate, Proprietors. 
 
 Congress IT alt, is a little to the south, on the opposite side of Broad- 
 way, and extends from Spring to Congress Street. It presents a fine 
 architectural front of 416 feet, and its management is complete and 
 satisfactory. 
 
 The Grand Hotel, completed in the summer of 1872, is an elegant 
 structure, south of the Grand Union, and on the same side of Broadway. 
 It enjoys the advantage of a fine location, with a piazza frontage of 370 
 feet, overlooking Congress Spring Park, It is airy and cheerful, and 
 
 102 
 
no efforts have been spared to make it one of the finest in this congerie 
 of hotels. There are electric bells and clothes-presses in every room, 
 which latter fact will be especially appreciated by the gentler portion 
 of society. 
 
 THE GKAiro HOTEL. 
 W. W. Leiand, Proprietor. 
 
 The Clabendon is situated on a delightful eminence still further to 
 the south; and under its j>opular and gentlemanly proprietor — Charles 
 
 103 
 
E. Leland, of the "Delavan House," Albany— it has attained the first 
 position in reference to an aristocratic and select class of guests. The 
 celebrated Washington Spring is inclosed in the pleasant grounds con- 
 nected with the hotel. 
 
 Steong's Remedial Institute is the finest health resort in our 
 country and is not only a Christian home for the sick, but also a grand 
 
 DBS. STEONG'S KEMEDIAL INSTITUTE. 
 
 centre for wealthy, literary, and Christian people. It is the annual 
 summer resort of the Rev. Dr. Cuyler, Robert Carter, and ex-Governor 
 "Wells, of Virginia. Tbe most marked features are its homogeneous 
 society, its social life, and its musical entertainments. 
 
 The proprietors— Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong— have become so 
 
 104 
 
celebrated in their various sjDeciaities that leading physicians all over 
 the country recognize the fact that many chronic cases can bo treated 
 more effectually in an institution having special appliances than in or- 
 dinary practice, and are sending more and more such cases to them for 
 treatment. The senior proprietor has been spending the winter 
 abroad in Paris and in London, giving special attention to the latest 
 researches of the French and English imysicians. Tho house is open 
 all the year, and has no appearance of invalidism. 
 
 
 M llllili 
 
 
 '. ^Vi £ : .\ fa. $i- ct!'J~ . ■ " ^ >l : '-^^vjri!i^ri; v %^lk 
 
 
 ^fgpffi 
 
 ^'^"' 
 
 TEMPLE GKOVE SEMEN" AKY (STEEET FBONT). 
 
 Temple Grove Seminary has a delightful location on what was once 
 called Temple Hill, in the eastern part of the village. The institution 
 is under the efficient management of Charles F. Dowel, A.M., a graduate 
 of Yale College, and well known to the educational world as conducting 
 one of the best Young Ladies' Seminaries in the State. The cuts here 
 given present a fine view of the building. The grounds comprise about 
 one and a half acres, and are covered with a grove of over one hundred 
 native forest trees. 
 
 106 
 
During the winter Saratoga combines all the advantages of a city 
 with the quiet of a country town; for, although the public works and 
 beautiful avenues were constructed mainly for the benefit of summer 
 visitors, they are none the less to the advantage of those who live here 
 in the quiet possession of them from September to June. Daring the 
 rush of the vacation months, Tenrple Grove is turned into one of the 
 most delightful summer resorts in Saratoga, and combines the advan- 
 tages of a commanding position, large and well-shaded grounds, and 
 within five minutes' walls of the Springs. From the Seminary observa- 
 
 
 
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 L'Va 
 
 ■ 
 
 -Ji^rji 
 
 -'- 
 
 
 TEMPLE GKOVE SEHINAKY (OKOVE SEDEJ. 
 
 tory one gets a fine view of the surrounding country for miles in every 
 direction. From the Saratoga Sun, edited by our friend Mr. A. S. Pease, 
 we clip the following: — 
 
 "Among the institutions of which Saratoga has just reason to be 
 proud is Temple Grove Seminary. Under the excellent and skillful 
 management of Professor Dowd, this Seminary has attained not only a 
 State but a National eminence. Among the pupils are young ladies 
 from all points of the United States, and the reputation of the Semi- 
 
 107 
 
nary is steadily increasing. The scholarship of the graduates of Temple 
 Grove has for several years been of marked excellence. No department 
 of mental or general culture seems to be neglected, but everything that 
 contributes to a perf ect education is carefully regarded by the Principal, 
 and inwrought, as it were, into the character of the pupil. Not only is 
 Professor Dowd to be congratulated on his notable success, but Sara- 
 toga Springs possesses no institution of which she ought to feel more 
 proud or prize more highly than Temple Grove Seminary." 
 
 The most prominent Springs in and about Saratoga, and those 
 best known for the excellence of their mineral properties, are the Con- 
 gress, the Empire, the High Bock, the Star, the Excelsior, and the 
 Geyser. 
 
 Congkess Spuing was discovered in 1792, by a party of gentlemen 
 who were engaged in hunting in the vicinity. One of these gentlemen 
 was an cx-member of Congress, from Exeter, New Hampshire, and the 
 name of Congress was complimentarily bestowed. Since then, its name 
 has become familiar in every civilized country. The old picture of the 
 Spring, as it appeared in 1816, presents a great contrast to the present 
 pavilion and surroundings of Congress Park. It has a decided ad- 
 vantage in being handy to the various hotels; but we would cite the 
 following incident as a gentle caution to rashness and new arrivals. It 
 was attributed to John G. Saxe, in the summer of 1872. A lady return- 
 ing from the Spring one morning, met the poet and said, with great 
 gusto, "Good morning, Mr. Saxe; I have just drank six glasses of 
 Congress Water." — His response was at once kind and expressive: 
 "Don't let me detain you, madam.'' 
 
 The Empire Spuing is situated near the base of a high limestone 
 bluff, about three-fourths of a mile from the Congress Spring. It was 
 called, for a long time, the New Congress, as its general qualities 
 closely resemble the Congress; but it has lately attracted the attention 
 of medical men, as it possesses valuable properties which are adapted 
 to the successful treatment of lung complaints. 
 
 The High Rock is the only spring in Saratoga which seemed inde- 
 pendent of tubing and masonry, and ages ago built a curb for itself. It 
 
 ioS 
 
was the first discovered, and was a deer resort long before Saratoga 
 was made happy by a hotel. The first white man on record who tasted 
 these waters was Sir "William Johnston, in the year 1767. Our cut fur- 
 nishes a good aboriginal idea of Saratoga and its great healing rock 
 in the wilderness. The mound is about three or four feet high, and is 
 certainly a great curiosity. The geologist and the chemist finds here a 
 subject for reflection and analysis, and it carries them far back into a 
 
 SARATOGA HIGH ROCK, 1767. 
 
 pre-historic past. It is, indeed, a venerable mound; but the water still 
 bubbles up as brightly as when the bursting of its gas-cells broke only 
 on the stillness of the wild wood. One thing is certain — there is more 
 poetry in High Itock than any other fountain in the country. It has 
 been known for centuries as the "great medicine spring;" and many of 
 those who to-day gather under its pleasant pavilion, give it the prefer- 
 ence over later rivals. 
 
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The Saratoga Star Spring has the finest bottling-house in Saratoga, 
 and is located between the High Rock and the Empire. It has been 
 known for nearly a century, and is one of the most popular to-day 
 throughout New England. This company was among the first to inau- 
 gurate the system of sending the water in kegs and barrels, supplying 
 families and druggists at one-fourth the cost. The present superin- 
 tendent — Melvin Wright (like the ancestors of Thursty McQuill) — had 
 the honor of being born in one of the pleasantest villages in Vermont, 
 and is therefore a representative, in more senses than one, of "the Star 
 that never sets." 
 
 The Excelsior Spring has a charming location, about a mile east 
 of the village, and has a romantic walk the entire distance, leading 
 through forest trees. It is, in fact, the finest stroll in Saratoga for 
 lovers cf Nature and lovers generally. The Spring has been a great 
 success in the hands of its enterprising proprietors, A. R. Lawrence & 
 Co. The large and commodious bottling-house is located in the centre 
 of Excelsior Park — that portion of Saratoga known for many years as 
 the "Valley of the Ten Springs." The Excelsior Lake, a beautiful 
 sheet of water, with sloping banks adorned by lofty trees, also adds its 
 charms to the place. The more elevated portions of Excelsior Park 
 have been divided into large and small villa plots, many of which com- 
 mand fine views of the mountains in Vermont and the Lake George 
 Hills; and we believe that the attention of the public has only to be 
 called to the lots now offered for sale in Excelsior Park to make this 
 beautiful spot soon vie with the environs of New York in its villa homes 
 and tasteful cottages. 
 
 The Geyser Spring — Vail, Batcheller & Adams, proprietors — is lo- 
 cated on the Ballston Road, one and a half miles south of the principal 
 hotels, and is one of the great cariosities of this mineral valley. It was 
 discovered in February, 1870, and developed by experimental drilling 
 in the solid rock. The vein was struck by the drill in the bird's-eye 
 limestone, one hundred and forty feet beneath the surface rock, and 
 the water immediately commenced spouting at the surface, being forced 
 ux^ by the pressure of its own carbonic acid gas, spouting through an 
 inch nozzle to the height of thirty feet. The grounds about the Geyser 
 
 112 
 
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Spring are very picturesque and beautiful. On the Geyser premises is 
 a handsome lake, covering about sixty acres, and over one mile in 
 length; also a handsome waterfall of twenty-two feet, with ravines, 
 terraces, shady and cool retreats to welcome the visitor. 
 
 There is a line of stages which run every half hour between the 
 principal hotels and the Spring, for the accommodation of visitors. 
 The fact that this Spring is located 140 feet beneath a solid rock renders 
 it free from all impurities of surface waters, which accounts for its uni- 
 form taste and clearness. 
 
 Points op Interest. — Saratoga has many places of interest in its 
 immediate vicinity. Saratoga Lake, with its "legend;" and "Moon's 
 House;" "Chapman Hill," with its charming view; Wagman's Hill, 
 about three miles beyond; Haggerty Hill, six miles north of the village; 
 and Lake Lovely, on the boulevard to Saratoga Lake. For further 
 particulars we refer the tourist to the neat handbook of " Saratoga, and 
 How to See It," published by Mr. R. F. Dearborn, and sold at all tho 
 news-stands and Springs in the village. 
 
 Adirondack Company's Railroad. — This route to the Adirondacks 
 and Lake George is one of the most popular excursions to be taken 
 from Saratoga. The traveler by this route passes through the romantic 
 and picturesque valley of the Upper Hudson — through King's, South 
 Corinth, Jessnp's Landing to Hadley, the railroad station for Luzerne, 
 a charming village at the junction of the Hudson and the Sacandaga. 
 "Rockwell's Hotel " is known to all the sojourners and guests of Sara- 
 toga as the place to secure a game dinner, a dish of trout, and a "taste" 
 of the wilderness. 
 
 Pursuing the railroad, we pass through Stony Creek to Thurman, 
 thirty-six miles from Saratoga Springs, at the junction of the Schroon 
 River and the Hudson, and the station for parties en route for Lake 
 George or Warrensburgh. Stages connect for these points on the 
 arrival of the train. This stage route to Lake George is over a fine 
 plank-road, and the same in distance as the route from Glen's Falls. 
 The next stations above Thurman are the Glen, forty -four miles; and 
 Riverside, fifty miles from Saratoga. At Riverside persons leave the 
 cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon Lake, Johnsburg, and other 
 
 114 
 
points north. Schroon Lake, with its popular hotel, the "Leland 
 House," is only ten miles from the station. North Creek is fifty-seven 
 miles from Saratoga. This railroad opens up a country rich in min- 
 eral resources, and attractive in romantic and picturesque scenery. 
 
 Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, continued. Pursuing our 
 
 northern route from Saratoga, we pass through Gansevoort and Moreau 
 to Fort Edward; and the branch railroad brings us to 
 
 THE ROCKWELL HOUSE, GLEN's FALLS, N. T. 
 
 Glen's Falls, the flourishing and enterprising town of northern 
 New York. The streets are finely laid out, and well shaded. The 
 soldier's monument and new Music Hall testify to the taste, intelli- 
 gence, and public spirit of the place. 
 
 115 
 
The Bockwell House, just completed, a cut. of which, is here given, is 
 quite as complete in all its appointments as any hotel in the State. The 
 rooms are all spacious and airy, and an atmosphere of home and comfort 
 jDervades the entire establishment. The gentlemanly proprietors, the 
 Bockwell Brothers, are well known among tourists and travelers. 
 Educated in this "art of arts" by one who has made our own Luzerne, 
 at the meeting of the Sacandaga and the Hudson, quite as well known 
 and reverently regarded as the classic Luzerne of Switzerland. Con- 
 veyances can be had at all times to Lake George, and stages leave 
 morning and evening. Persons arriving on the evening train thus have 
 a good night's rest, and a pleasant morning ride to the Lake. Glen's 
 Falls is surrounded by so much of historic interest and beautiful 
 scenery that it demands even from the hurried traveler more than a 
 passing glance. This is the central point, as it were, about which our 
 great novelist grouped the scenes of " The Last of the Mohicans.'' A 
 short distance from the village the Hudson Biver makes a descent of 72 
 feet in a succession of leaps over rugged rocks ; and here is the famous 
 cave so graphically described by Cooper. The width of the river a: 
 this point is about 900 feet. 
 
 To Lake Geoege. From Glens Falls a fine plank road passes 
 through a beautiful country. It is well built and always smooth, and 
 seems like a highway to some city rather than an excursion route for 
 summer travel. On the way we pass Bloody Pond, on the right, and 
 a monument to Col. Williams, on the left. Lake George is a place 
 where one goes with the idea of staying two or three days, and then — 
 stays two or three weeks. The charming scenery and cheerful Hotel 
 (the Fore William Henry) present perhaps the strongest combination 
 to be found in our country of immediate beauty and comfort. Near 
 the Hotel are the ruins of old Fort William Henry, telling a sad history 
 of the past. About a mile to the south-east are the ruins of Fort 
 George. It has been christened about as many times as the Hudson, 
 and like the Hudson has retained its prosiest name. The Iroquois 
 called it Audiata-rocte (the lake that shuts itself in) ; by other tribes 
 Canidere-oit (the tail of the Lake, as a part of Lake ^hamplain). 
 Father Jaques, traversing it in 164G ; during the festival of Corpus 
 
 116 
 
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Christi, called it Lac Sacrament. Sir William Johnson, serving his 
 king with greater zeal than Ids country, styied it Lake George. Its 
 most poetical name was Horicon — of uncertain origin, said to signify 
 silvery water. Lake George combines various attractions. It has 
 something of interest for every one — the lover of history, of romance, 
 of beauty, and lovers generally (as a friend remarks, not confined to 
 inanimate objects). But we believe the greatest attraction is in the 
 unwritten poetry which lives among these scattered islands. A graceful 
 little steamboat makes a daily trip to and from Ticonderoga. The 
 islands i re said to be the same in number as the days of the year, and 
 wc think one might find a small rock extra for leap year. 
 
 PRINCIPAL ISLANDS. 
 
 Two miles down the Lake Tea Island, next Diamond ; Long Island, 
 12 miles from Caldwell; Dome Island, Becluse Island. After Bolton 
 Landing we come to " 14-mile Island ;" Shelving Bock on the east, 
 and Tongue Mountain opposite. (These form the entrance to the 
 Narrows.) This is the most picturesque portion of the Lake; it is 
 at this place 400 feet deep. Sabbath Day Point, (where Gen. Aber- 
 crombie landed, on his way to attack the French one Sabbath morning}, 
 Bluff Point, Odell Island, Scotch Bonnet, Anthony's Nose, on the east; 
 and Kogers' Slide on the west. 
 
 Persons en route for Pittsburgh, House's Point, Montreal, or the 
 North Woods, may make the detour from the main route to Glen's 
 Palls and Caldwell Landing, and down the lake to Ticonderoga, and 
 connect with steamer on Lake Champlain. Unless time is a great con- 
 sideration, the "Rockwell House," " Fort William Henry," and "Lake 
 George ' ought not to be left out of a summer excursion. The steamers 
 on the lake are fitted and furnished in every particular to the wants of 
 the pieasure-seeker; and, in addition to regular daily trips, are subject 
 to charter by pleasure parties for excursions among the bays and islands 
 for which Lake George is so justly famous. 
 
 Returning now to the main line, which we left at Fort Edward, we 
 pass north through Dunhams Basin, Smith s Basin, Fort Ann, and 
 Comstock's Landing, to 
 
 118 
 
Whitehall, at the head of Lake Champlain. The romantic sur- 
 roundings of the village, and the cottage houses almost hanging on the 
 hillside, give it decidedly the appearance of a foreign town. It has a 
 location qaite like an infant Chicago, and is the head centre of the 
 lumber trade on Lake Champlain. 
 
 "Hall's Hotel" is located in the central and business part of the 
 village,— a convenient house for persons traveling either on business 
 or pleasure. A cut of it is here given. 
 
 HALL'S HOTEL, WHITEHALL, N. Y. 
 
 From Whitehall two routes now open to the north, via the Lake 
 Champlain steamers and via cars to Butland; and we will refer to them 
 both in brief. 
 
 Lake Champlain Eoute.— This beautiful lake is 120 miles in length, 
 almost due north and south, and is the natural continuation of "the 
 Hudson Biver Valley. New England was, in fact, for some years con- 
 sidered an island; and indeed it is only three or four miles between 
 some of the tributaries of the Hudson and Lake Champlain. The lake 
 
 119 
 
lies between the Adirondacks and the Green Mountains, and presents 
 some of the finest views, and has special interest to the student of his- 
 tory. Soon after leaving the narrow and devious channel, the tourist 
 will notice South Bay on the left, memorable for the route of the ill- 
 fated Baron Diesquieu, in 1755. A run of twenty miles brings us to 
 the remarkable ruins of Ticonderoga, on a high rocky cliff at the con- 
 fluence of the outlet of Lake George with the waters of Chanrplain. 
 Passing the ruins of the fortress of Crown Point, now in the last stages 
 of decay, the lake bsgins to expand, and nine miles bring us to "West- 
 port. Three miles onward we pass the beautiful village of Essex and 
 the Pour Brother islands, where Arnold fought his last battle with 
 Carleton. We pass Shelburne Bay on the right, and almost in the 
 track of the steamer rises a high conical rock, — the " Great Kock 
 Beggio," celebrated in colonial annals, and believed to have been — long 
 before the days of Cliamplain — established by treaty as the boundary 
 between the Mohawks and their hereditary enemies the Algonquins. 
 
 Burlington is a beautiful city, having a fine location, and one of the 
 most popular hotels in Vermont — the " Van Ness House." We refer to 
 Burlington again in our article on Montreal and the Thousand Islands. 
 After touching at Port Sent, wc run three miles, and find ourselves 
 abreast of the delta of Ausable Bivcr, a singularly beautiful and 
 romantic stream. Passing Valcour Straits and Garden Island, we 
 come to 
 
 Plattsbtjegh, pleasantly situated on both banks of the Saranac 
 Elver, at the foot of Cumberland Bay. This is the great starting-point 
 for the Adirondacks and the North Woods. The "Fouquet House" 
 makes it a delightful threshold en route for the wilderness. The orna- 
 mental grounds of the hotel show the taste of the gentlemanly pro- 
 prietor, Louis Fouquet. The new building, a cut of which is here 
 given, is an elegant and spacious structure, not less imposing by its 
 dimensions and £)osition than attractive by the novelty and beauty of 
 its architecture. It is capable of accommodating one hundred and 
 fifty guests, and the rooms are large and supplied with every requisite 
 of comfort and enjoyment. 
 
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Plattsburgli was rendered memorable during the war of 1812, by 
 brilliant naval and military victories, of which it was the theatre. The 
 Ausable Chasm, a view of which is here given, may be visited from 
 Plattsburgli by a drive of about- twelve miles over a road which for sev- 
 eral miles runs directly on the margin of the lake. There is also a fine 
 trip by steamer to be taken to St. Albans, with its magnificent hotel — 
 the " Welden House." In short, a week can be agreeably sjDent in the 
 vicinity of Plattsburgli. 
 
 The Champlain by daylight is a pleasant excursion. It connects at 
 Ticonderoga lor Lake George, each way; at Whitehall with Rensselaer 
 and Saratoga Railroad; at Burlington with Vermont Central for Mount 
 Mansfield and White Mountains; at Port Kent for Keeseville; at Platts- 
 burgli for the Adirondack Sporting Region; at Rouse's Point for Al- 
 burgh Springs, Montreal, Quebec, and Ogdensburgh. 
 
 The Adikondacks. — This great northern wilderness is nearly a hun- 
 dred miles in diameter, and the whole region is intersected and diver- 
 sified by a network of lakes and streams. These systems of water com- 
 munication afford very convenient means of transit for hunters and 
 pleasure-seekers. The majority of tourists start directly for Lower 
 Saranac Lake or St. Regis, and thence make various trips to the lakes 
 and mountains. The most picturesque route probably is via Whiteface 
 Mountain, up the west branch of the Ausable River from Point of 
 Rocks. Splendid views are obtained from the summit of Whiteface 
 Mountain,, including fine views of Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, Nipple 
 Top, and the whole range of the Adirondacks; and, in the other direc- 
 tion, the glimmering thread of the St. Lawrence is traced along the 
 horizon, and to the north the spires of Montreal may be discerned. 
 Sixty-four different bodies of water — lakes, ponds, and rivers — are 
 visible by the naked eye from this mountain; and, with a glass, quite 
 a good many more. In fact, the number might be materially increased 
 by the number of glasses. But we will leave the tourist in the hands 
 of guides more competent than any written description, and allow him 
 to pursue his way unmolested for Montreal, the White Mountains, or 
 Niagara. 
 
 122 
 
THE AUSABLE CHASM. 
 123 
 
flFLAIN STEAMERS. 
 
 1 he Fashionable Thoroughfare and Pleasure 
 Route between New "York and Montreal. 
 
 VERMONT. Capt . Win. H. Flagfj. 
 
 AJDIli ON DA CK, " Win. Anderson. 
 
 UNITED ST A TES, " Geo. Bushloiv. 
 
 OAKES AMES, " B. . J Holt. 
 
 J03- Forming two linos daily (Sundays excepted) between 
 
 WHITEHALL AND ROUSES POINT. 
 
 CONNECTIONS: 
 
 At Whitehall, with train-, of Rensselaer and Saratoga R. H., for Saratoga, 
 Troy, Albany, New York, and all Southern and Western points. 
 
 Ai Tico&itf.ei'OgSft, with steamer Minnehaha, through Lake George. 
 
 At Hurliiig'tOK, with trains of Vermont Central Railroad, for all Eastern 
 points, and the Mountains of "Vermont and New Hampshire. 
 
 At Port l&eut, with stages for Keeseville. 
 
 At Plattsburgll, with trains of New York and Canada Railroad, for the 
 Hunting and Fishing localities of the Saranac Lakes and the Adirondack 
 Wilderness. 
 
 At l£o*iSes Point, with trains of 0. & L. C. and Grand Trunk Rail- 
 ways for Ogdensburg, Montreal, Quebec, and all points in Northern New 
 York and Canada. 
 
 j^* Tickets and information furnished at the principal agencies of the 
 Erie, New York Central, Hudson River, and Grand Trunk Railroads, in New 
 York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, St. Louis, Chicago, Niagara Falls, Montreal; 
 also at the Homo Office of the Hudson River Bay Line, and on board the 
 Hudson River steamers, and at all the principal stations of all connecting lines. 
 
 The Steamers composing the Line are, as they always have been, models of 
 excellence, neatness and comfort, combining all modern improvements, and 
 every attention is paid by their omeers to the patrons of the route. 
 
 A.. L. INMAK, General Sup't. 
 
MONTREAL AND THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. 
 
 From Whitehall, as we before stated, there are two routes to the 
 north, one of which we have just sketched: the other now awaits our 
 consideration. 
 
 The ' ; Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad,'' after leaving Whitehall, 
 bends to the east, and passes through the villages of Fairhaven and 
 Hydeville, with their well-known slate quarries. The one near the 
 depot at Fairhaven, is conducted by Mr. R. C. Colburn; and the one 
 at Hydeville, by the Forest Mining Company. Hydeville is pleasantly 
 situated. Lake Bomoseen affords good fishing, and is only a mile 
 from the village. Passing through Castleton nnd West Rutland, wo 
 come to 
 
 Rutland, 2i4 miles from New York. This is the centre of the great 
 marble-trade, and the railroad centre of Vermont. The pleasant and 
 popular hotel, the "Bardwell House," is handy to the station, and is 
 well known throughout New York and New England for its generous 
 and hospitable management. There are pleasant drives in every direc- 
 tion, especially the route to the Clarendon and the Middletown Healing 
 Springs. Taking the 
 
 Rutland Division of the Vermont Central Railroad, we pass 
 north through Sutherland Falls, Pittsford, Brandon, Leicester Junction, 
 and Salisbury, to 
 
 Middlebury, with its pleasant hotel, the "Addison House." From 
 this point there is a fine drive to Lake Dunmore. The next stations to 
 the north are Brooksville, New Haven, and Vergennes — the oldest city 
 in Vermont. Wc now pass Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh, Charlotte, 
 and Sh.elburne, to 
 
 Burlington, which we saw in our last article, with its pleasant loca- 
 tion on the lake. It rises in natural terraces, something like Newburgh, 
 on the Hudson. From the college tower, or dome, a wide extended 
 view is obtained of the city and lake, and the distant Adirondacks; to 
 the north the meadow lands of the winding W T inooski; to the east the 
 Nose and Chin of Mount Mansfield. The summer visitor at Burlington 
 will find himself within easy distance of a number of delightful resorts. 
 
 125 
 
The "Van Ness House " is a fine hotel, central in location, with a nice 
 outlook upon lake and mountain. It is the largest in Burlington, and 
 will rank as one of the most convenient and thoroughly appointed 
 
 <w#imi!!mH&<&>~s&j3-i 
 
 VAN NESS HOUSE. 
 D. C. Baubf.r & Co.. Proprietors. 
 
 houses in New England. Resuming our railway journey for the north, 
 we pass through Essex, Milton, Georgia, and minor stations, to 
 
 St. Albans. — This village is situated about two miles from, and over- 
 looks Lake Champlain. It is a town of about 7,000 inhabitants, and 
 was made famous during the rebellion by a Canadian raid. It is a 
 central point for persons en route for Alburgh and Shelden Springs, and 
 has a large and magnificent hotel — the "Welden House," — a cut of 
 which is given on opposite page. 
 
 126 
 
Its reputation as a pleasant and attractive place of summer resort, as 
 well as an agreeable and comfortable house at all times for travelers, is 
 not surpassed in New England. It contains over two hundred rooms, 
 and is admirably arranged for private families. 
 
 41 The panoramic views from St. Albans are among the finest in th 
 world. Aldis Hill, spoken of in 'Norwood,' is within one-half mile of 
 
 
 THOMAS LAVENOKR, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 the Welden House, and the summit of Bellevne, accessible by an easy 
 carriage road, is within two miles, commanding on the east a view of 
 Mansfield and Jay, besides a wide reach of mountain, valley, hill, and 
 plain, adorned with lovely farms and villages ; on the west a magnificent 
 view of the Adirondacks, besides a hundred miles of Lake Ohamplain, 
 dotted with sails, broken with islands, and bounded by a wide stretch 
 of as lovely a country as the eye ever beheld ; while on the north the 
 vision rests on Canada, the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers. 
 
 127 
 
AiiBUKGH Springs are situated on the railroad to Bouse's Point, 
 seventeen miles from St. Albans. The pleasant hotel — the "Alburgh 
 Springs House," — on the banks of the beautiful Missisquoi Bay, is ft 
 fine centre for enjoy ng lake, highland, or quiet village life, with facili- 
 ties for boating, shooting, and fishing. Persons en route for Montreal 
 may now pursue their journey via Rouse's Point, or return and go via 
 St. Albans. Three hours' run from St. Albans bring us to 
 
 Montreal, 420 miles from New York. Ifc is situated on the south 
 side of an island, thirty miles in length and ten miles in greatest 
 breadth. The tourist will first locate himself at the "St. Lawrence 
 
 
 
 |Q|§§I| 
 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE HALL. 
 F. Gekiken, Proprietor. 
 
 Hall," and put himself in substantial preparation for seeing one of the 
 finest cities of .the- new world. This hotel is the largest and most cen- 
 tral in the city, being capable of accommodating five hundred guests. 
 During the past winter it has been entirely refurnished, and several 
 improvements made. Old guests will still recognize the pleasant .coun- 
 tenances and sirperior management of Mr. C. R. . Chadwick, formerly, 
 with Mr. Hogan; and Mr. J. T. Burkholder, formerly, of the '''Rossin. 
 House," Toronto. . / ' 
 
 Montreal has a pleasing appearance, and seems to be a happy city. 
 
 128 
 
It makes a pleasant northern terminus to our route, and lias many 
 places of interest to bo visited; Notre Damo Cathedral, the Church of 
 the Jesuits, St. Patrick's, the Victoria Bridge, and fine drives about 
 Mount Koyal This mountain is one thousand feet in height, and gives 
 its name to the island city. Among the different mercantile establish- 
 ments, we mention Savage, Lyman & Co., jewellers, houso established 
 in 1818; and the famous Recollet House, Brown & Claggett, proprietors. 
 There is a marked civility of Montreal citizens toward strangers, and 
 every one carries away with them something which is not dutiable t viz., 
 tho pleasantcst of recollections. 
 
 NOBBY ISLAND. 
 
 The Thousand Islands.— The shortest route to the Thousand Islands 
 is via Albany ar:d Watcrtown; but we consider tho routo via Montreal 
 the pleasantcst, and thereforo speak of them in this connection. The 
 Thousand Islands— eighteen hundred in reality — extend about forty 
 miles, and vary in sizo from a few feet in diameter to three hundred 
 acres. Tho general average, wo should say, would bo about three or 
 four acres, and all cro beautifully shaded and wooded. " The idea of 
 
 129 
 
building on these islands was first conceived by Mr. George Pullman, 
 of palace-car fame, who, some ten years ago, purchased one of these 
 islands, and erected thereon a temporary cottage. In the summer of 
 1870, Mr. Henry R. Heath, of New York City, and Mr. Charles S. 
 Goodwin, of Oneida, New York, purchased the first island situated 
 below Pullman Island, and known as Nobby Island, from a large rock 
 near tho water's edgo resembling the knob of a door. In the summer 
 of 1871 they erected a modern Gothic cottage, with clocks, flag-staff, &c, 
 a cut of which is here given. Now the islands, on every side, are being 
 improved and built upon. 
 
 There is probably no river or lake in tho world more romantic and 
 delightful than this section of the St. Lawrence; and we imagine these 
 islands furnish a good foundation for a rural Ve:nce. During the sum- 
 mer of 1872, President Grant and family, General Phil. Sheridan, &c, 
 were domiciled nearest neighbors to Nobby Island. 
 
 The "Thousand Island House," Alexandria Bay, N. Y., is a fine 
 hotel, and will accommodate six hundred guests. This bay is thirty 
 miles from Capo Vincent, and thirty-six from Ogdensburgh. Persons 
 making the round trip, via Niagara Falls, always niako a point to take 
 in the Thousand Islands and tho Rapids of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Tuc Rapids. — The first rapid below Ogdensburgh is near Chimney 
 Island; tho next, the rapids of the Long Sault, nine miles in length. 
 Here tho river runs twenty miles an hour. Then the Coteau Rapids, 
 below Grand Island; then the Laohine Rapids, below the town of La- 
 chine, only nine miles from Montreal. 
 
 Our routes have now carried us tkrough a good part of the Empire 
 State, and as we turn aside for a moment to New England and its 
 representative mountains, we think we are justified in saying that no 
 State in the Union .presents so fine a landscape and such a framework 
 of beauty as New York. We will call the picture a bird's-eye view of 
 Lake George, the Adirondack^, Otsego Lake, Lake Seneca, and Watkins 
 Glen. We will call the framework the Hudson River, Lake ChampJain, 
 thirEivar St Lawrence, Lake Ontario, and Niagara Falls. ; 
 
 
 - - * 
 
 - 
 
 
 130 
 
THE WHITE AND GREEN MOUNTAINS. 
 
 No Tourist Guide of the Hudson would be complete without giving 
 the route to the Green Hills of Vermont and the White Hills of New 
 Hampshire, for a large part of the travel to these mountains generally 
 goes one way, via the Hudson River and Saratoga. 
 
 Manchestek is one of the finest villages in Vermont, at the foot of 
 Mount Equinox, in the very heart of the Green Mountains. The 
 
 EQUINOX HOUSE. 
 F. H. Orvis, Proprietor. 
 
 " Equinox House " has a wide reputation, and is one of the most suc- 
 cessful in our country. During the last winter F. H. Orvis, its popular 
 proprietor, conducted with marked success the " St. James Hotel," of 
 Jacksonville, Florida-. He is once more on his native neath, prepared' 
 tojaake-Manchef ter, for the season of A873, one of .tho finest resorts 4a-. 
 the United States; • '" ■ -. '■■ y ; -; ;-■;- ',"'.';'""• ..'.W'-."'' 
 
 nSs "y an ^ rH £Hous^ 
 
 131 i 
 
village, and has enjoyed for more than a quarter of a century the repu- 
 tation of a first-class and home-like hotel. The rooms are high and 
 airy, dining-rooms largo and pleasant, and the parlor some sixty feet 
 by forty. The grounds are nicely shaded, and from the windows there 
 is a fine view of the mountains. This hotel is kept open also during 
 
 vandeelip house. 
 
 E. M. Va>-t>ek.liin Proprietor. 
 
 the winter. The "Elra House" has a pleasant location, and has re- 
 cently undergone thorough and extensive repairs. The Burr & Burton 
 Seminary is a very successful institution, and has a fino outlook upon 
 village, valley, and mountain. 
 
 Persons en roiite for Manchester may go via day-lino to Hudson; 
 thence by cars, and arrivo the same evening; Or via Albany and Troy, 
 taking Troy and Boston Bailroad to Bennington, and Harlem Extension 
 to Manchester; also, via Saratoga and Eutland, and down the Harlem 
 Extension about thirty miles. -A direct route is also furnished from 
 New York via Harlem and Harjem Extension Biilroad. 
 
 -MtDBLExdwff Srsuros aro situated on the Poultney Bivcr, a small 
 
 13- 
 
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 IP HP 
 
tributary stream to Lake Champlain. The village lies nestled among 
 the green hills of Vermont, and is famous as a quiet and healthful 
 Bummer resort. It has a magnificent and commodious hotel— the 
 "Montvert,"— a cut of which is here given: Mr. Dwight Doolittle, 
 proprietor. Persons en route for Middletown may go via Rutland, or 
 via Troy and Troy and Boston Railroad to Poultncy, on the Rutland and 
 Washington Division. Either way admits of a fine carriage drive* 
 
 Mount Mansfield is the most prominent elevation of the Green 
 Mountain range, and can easily be reached via Burlington and Water- 
 
 MOTJNT MANSFIELD HOTEL, STOWE, VT. 
 
 bury, on the Vermont Central Railroad. Stowe, at the foot of the 
 mountains, is a pleasant place of summer resort. 
 
 Brattleboro, with its new hotel— the "Brooks House,"— and Bellows 
 Falls, with its "Island House," are on the eastern side oi 4 the Green 
 Mountain range, and are pleasant resting-places, in the Connecticut 
 
 River Valley. 
 
 The White Mountains.— Persons en route for ths White Mountains 
 take the cars or boat via Rutland and Burlington, and proceed via 
 
 134 
 
Vermont Central to White River Junction. Stop over, if -weary, at the 
 "Junction House;" and resume the route ma Wells River, Littleton, 
 and Bethlehem, to the "Twin Mountain House," a cut of which is hero 
 given. We hope, however, to have a better representation of this 
 pleasant hotel for our next edition, as it is in reality ono of the finest 
 in New Hampshire. For two seasons it has been the resort of tho 
 Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. From this point parties can diverge to all 
 points about the Mountains. Tho "Crawford House" is only nine 
 
 A. T. A O. F. BARRON, PROPRIETORS. 
 
 mile3 distant; the "Profile," sixteen; tho "Waumbeck," eleven; the 
 "Glen House," thirty. 
 
 The route to the " Summit " is now made easy by the Mount Wash- 
 ington Railway. The Boston, Concord, Montreal, and White Moun- 
 tain Railroad Company have pushed their line into tho very heart of 
 the White Mountains, and the route can now be made in half the time, 
 compared with the long stage-lines of ten or twelve years ago. The 
 summit of Mount Washington is 6,2S5 feet above the level of the sea; 
 and we will leave you there, safe and secure, beyond even the reach of 
 a rhetorical sentence. 
 
 i35 
 
- . I 
 
 • ALBURGH SPRINGS HOUSE, 
 
 AT ALBURGH SPRINGS, GRAND ISLE CO., VERMONT, 
 
 Eixteen miles North of St. Albans, on the line of the Vermont Central Railroad. 
 
 H. H. HOWE, Proprietor. (Late of the American Hotel, Burlington, Vt.) 
 
 D. S. CUTTING, Clerk. 
 
 I*o©t-oflice Address, jVUmrgpli Springs, "Vermont. 
 
 Thi3 house, on the banks of the beautiful Missisquoi Bay, at the northern extremity of 
 Lake Ohaniplain, is one mile from the Railroad. Those who are seeking health and a quiet 
 resort for the summer, will find here combined attractions, at once varied and unique. 
 Mountain air, fine views of lake and highlands, and quiet village life, scenery both pictur- 
 esque and grand, with facilities for Boating, Shooting, and Fishing, all add their 
 healthful influences to recuperate the weary dweller and worker in the city; while the 
 famous Alburgh Spring— itself a fountain of health and strength— is inclosed in the grounds 
 of the hotel. For nearly a century this Spring has been the resort of invalids, and some of 
 those healed by it forty years ago, regularly visit it every yeai*. For all diseases of the skin 
 or internal organs, arising from impurity of blood, cr deficient nervous power, the water 
 has proved a reliable remedy. • 
 
 Internal Tumors, Calculi, etc.? hopless oases of Humors, ChroHic Rheumatism, Liver and 
 
 Kidney Complaints, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Catarrh, etc., etc., 
 have yielded to it; and many persons, given over by skillful physicians, have here found, 
 in NATURE'S OWN REMEDY, relief from suffering, and restoration to strength. 
 
 To these great natural advantages, the Alburgh Springs House adds the comforts 
 of a good Hotel, elegantly furnished, and the quiet of a country home. Guests will be re- 
 ceived after May 1st. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 astmaa luslatss UniversI 
 
 POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y., ON-THE-HUDSON. 
 
 A Practical School for the Ties ! 
 
 Training Young Men and Boys tor a Successful Start in Life 
 Teaching" them How to Make a Living- and for Be- 
 coming- Active Business Men. 
 
 Sixteen years ago Mr. Eastman established the first Business Col- 
 lege in America, introducing a system of Practical Training' that 
 has since educated more than Eighteen Thousand of the present 
 prosperous business men of the country. It is beginning to be 
 understood that a man to succeed, become eminent, or a leader in 
 his business or profession must be practically educated. — 
 The good sense that is now pervading the minds of the American people 
 on this subject is evinced by the large patronage this Institution is enjoy- 
 ing from every section of the country. 
 
 It is not simply a school for the merchant, but the course of study is 
 so arranged as to be of incalculable advantage to all classes of the com- 
 munity, the Farmer as well as the merchant, the L,a%vyer as well 
 as the Banker. Its specialty is to prepare Boys, Young and 
 Middle-aged Men in the shortest time and at the least expense for 
 the active duties of life, teach them how to get a living, make 
 money, and become enterprising useful citizens. It does 
 nothing more and nothing less. How well it has succeeded is best known 
 to its thousands of graduates and patrons, to be found in every town in 
 the land. 
 
 There are in this country to-day thousands of parents whose greatest 
 concern is the prosperity of their sons that are just starting inac- 
 tive life, and to them especially, is presented the claim* of this Institu- 
 tion 
 
A FEW FACTS 
 
 IN REGARD TO 
 
 1st, Its Character. It is a live, practical, common sense school — con- 
 ducted by able, .skillful teachers and is endorsed by the most prominent Ed 
 ucatorsand Business men of the country. 
 
 2(1, Its Location. It is located intlie famous city of Schools and Church 
 es — the most populous, beautiful and healthful city on the Hudson between 
 New York and Albany 
 
 3d, Its Standing', It is the oldest, largest patronized and only practical 
 business training school in the country, and stands today the acknowledged 
 Iwadfor imparting a thorough commercial education. 
 
 4th, Course of Study. The course of study is sliort, practical, useful 
 and reasonable. It is just what every man needs and trill use, no matter 
 what his calling or profession is to be. 
 
 5 til j Assisting' Graduates. It is the only institution that assists its 
 graduates to situations on completing the course. A large business ac- 
 quaintance, which extends to almost every village and city in the United 
 States, together with the reputation the College enjoys, enables us to pro- 
 vide situations for all who merit and desire them. 
 
 (»tll, Time of Entering'. Applicants are admitted any week day in the 
 year. There is no class system, each student receiving individual instruc 
 tion. There are no examinations at commencement Boys past the age of 
 14 years, young men and men of all ages are admitted. 
 
 7th, Terms. Tuition for the Business Course, time unlimited $45 00, 
 with a matriculation fee of $5 00. Board in best private families from 
 .$4.00 to $5.00 per week. The total expense of Tuition, Board and Stationery 
 for the prescribed course of thre« months is from $110 to $125. Students 
 selecting cheaper boarding places can complete the course at much less 
 expense. J. deduction from the above is made when two or more enter from 
 the same place at the same time. (See Catalogue.) 
 
 Note. — We invite business men, parents andyoung men to make a per- 
 sonal examination of the Institution, its original and pre eminent course of 
 study and plan of operation, confident that it will meet their fullest ex- 
 pectations. 
 
 The Illustrated College Journal giving a history of the Institution, 
 practical course of study, and plan of operation, and the College Directo- 
 ry, giving the names, addresses and business of over 3,000 graduates who 
 owe their present success to the Institution, may be had by addressing the 
 President, H. G. Eastman, LL.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 [over. J 
 
OPINIONS FROM EMINENT SOURCES. 
 
 -♦• 
 
 Rev. S. 1). Bnrcharcl, D.B., Pastor IStfi Street Presbyterian Church, 
 
 New York says : 
 "Dr. II. G. Eastman: 
 
 "Deak Sir : Having just returned from a visit to your practical College 
 where I was made familiar with its workings, I take pleasure in express- 
 ing my convictions of its character and usefulness. In the first place, the 
 conception of such an Institution including the Theory and PRACTICE of 
 Business, qualifying young men in the shortest possible time for 
 Imsine-ss m all its «copesand details, is honor enough for any one man, and 
 worthy the age in which we live. Your plan of instruction, so unique and 
 comprehensive, so facile and free from the toil and drudgery of ordinary 
 schools; and then your genius, inspiring all and presiding over all, have 
 contributed to make your Institution what it is, the most successful of mod- 
 ern improvements, a monument of your talent, and a blessing to the land. 
 1 know of no institution, eitner in the old or new world, that receives oris 
 worthv of a patronage so extended as this. Very respectfully yours, 
 
 "S. D. BURCHARD." 
 
 From I). T. Moore, of "Moore's Rural New Yorker" of New York City : 
 "H. GL Eastman, L.L.D., President of Eastman College, has been elected 
 Mayor of the City of Poughkeepsie by an overwhelming majority. He is 
 a man who has achieved successby industry and goaheadativeuess in building 
 up a gnat, successful, and useful institution on the Hudson. We are glad to 
 chronicle tin.'; fact that such a man is honored by his fellow citizens." 
 
 Mr. Montfort, of the Cincinnati Presbytery, July 6th, 1871, says : 
 
 "Our children are stuffed with too much Latin and Classical Literature 
 for the great practicabilities of active, busy life. You (Mayor Eastman) 
 have hit the nail on the centre, and your Institution cannot be too exten- 
 sively known." 
 
 From Henry Ward Beecher's Paper, the Christian Union: 
 
 "We know of this Institution (Eastman College) and Us admirable re- 
 sults within the circle of our personal acquaintance and we cordially recom- 
 mend any one who wants what it offers, to go there for it, confident that it 
 will be the best of the kind." 
 
 jjglTSee Catalogue for many hundred similar ones. Sent free to any ad- 
 dress. 
 
m i M um im 
 
 NECTAR SYRUP, 
 
 OR, 
 
 A SODA-FOUNTAIN AT HOME. 
 
 CREAM-NECTAR.— By this namo is known ono of the most delicious and 
 invigorating beverages, in which caibonic acid gas enters as one of the chief 
 elements. It is this gas which produces the sparkle and brisk fermentation 
 of Champagne and the Mineral Waters. In the Nectar it is so retained that 
 none escapes during effervescence. 
 
 During warm weather it is the best cooling beverage that can be used, and 
 hence every family should keep it on hand 
 
 The best cooling and invigorating c'rinks, fcr the wcrm weather, are made 
 from Nectar Syrup. A goblet, a little syrup, a teaspoonful or two of sugar, 
 and some cocl v.atcr, are ell that is necessary to produce an excellent beverage 
 —like lemonade— restoring the exhausted or debilitated energies of the system 
 at once, without tho trouble of making from the fruit. Try it. 
 
 THE SYRUP OF CREAM- NECTAR is prepared and put up in convenient 
 packages, so that every family can keep on hand a supply for immediate use- 
 one bottle touting only fifty cents— makes from ten to twelve gla?ses of Cream- 
 Nectar, or about fifty glasses of superior lemonade. Hence it is the most eco- 
 nomical as well as the most pleasant ard healtby beverage in the market. It 
 can be used for all the purposes of Lemon Syrup. 
 
 Travelers ! take with you a small bottle of Nectar Syrup. It can be easily 
 put in your eatchel; and, when warm, tired, and thirsty, put a couple of tea- 
 spoonfuls of the Syrup and about as much sugar in the glass of water you are 
 about to drink; it will add very much to your comfort 
 
 For sale by all grocers. Orders addressed to 
 
 WELSH & REYNOLDS, 
 
 P. O. Box 79. JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
 
NARRAGANSETT STEAMSHIP CO. 
 
 AND OLID COLONY jK. JR. 
 
 "IF'^HjILj RIVBPl XjIOSTE" 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 NEW YORK and BOSTON, via NEWPORT and PALL RIVER. 
 
 STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 
 
 P \/T DAILY (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED), FROM 
 ^ X . 1V1. Pier £S, JV. JR., foot Murray St. 
 
 4 P. M. in Winter. 
 
 THE WORLD RENOWNED STEAMERS 
 
 BRISTOL, 
 
 Commander A. G. SIMMONS. 
 
 PROVIDENCE, 
 
 Commander B. M. SIMMONS. 
 
 Trains Leave Boston from the Old Colony Depot, corner South and 
 
 Kneeland Sts., at 4.30 and 5.30 P. M., connecting icith the 
 
 Magnificent Steamers at Fall River. 
 
 STEAMERS LEAVE KEWFCRT AT 8,30 P. Id. 
 
 The most direct route to Taunton, Midoleboro, Plymouth, New Bedford, 
 
 Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and all points en the South Shore 
 
 and Cape Cod V> ail way. 
 
 Through Tickets sold to the WHITE MOUNTAINS, and all principal points in 
 New England and the Provinces. 
 
 PROMENADE CONCERTS EVERY EVENING 
 
 BY 
 
 Hall's Celebrated Brass, Reed, and String Bands. 
 
 $&=■ For Tickets and Staterooms *=©& 
 IN NEW YORK — Apply at 241 Broadwav, 520 Broadway, Broadway, corner 
 of 23d Street, Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and 4 Ccuit Street, 
 Brooklyn, or at the Office on the Pier 
 
 IN BOSTON at No. 3 Old State House, and at Old Colony Rdlroad Depot. 
 
 JS9* Through Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South, and 
 West. Baggage checked to destination. 
 
 The only direct Line to and from Newport, 
 
 5©"° Ask for Tickets via Fall 'River Line, -^a 
 
 J. R. KENDRICK, Sup't. A. P. BACON. Srp'T. 
 
 O. C. B. B., BOSTON. N. 8. 8. CO., NLW YOBS. 
 
. I II .III I III ' 
 
 I ■ ■ - 'I ■ > I 
 
 Saratoga 
 
 ring Co. 
 
 THE SARATOGA- STAR SPRING CO. have demonstrated by actual use that tho waters 
 from their Spring will keep for Months in their bbls., which arc lined with pr.re tin, and 
 hold its properties as well as in bottles. They now have half bbls. (15 gallons,) being an 
 equivalent of three eases water, which they will lend to customers free of charge, provided 
 they arc returned freight paid, and will sell the water at Four Dollars per half bbl. Being 
 less than one-fifth the cost of tho same amount of water in pt. bottles, and can be trans- 
 ported for about the price of one case. 
 
 Customers can avail themselves of this method of dispensing the water by applying to 
 the Star Spring Co. * 
 
 Water in half bbls. •* for 16 gals* 
 
 Water in qt. bottles, 2 dozen in Case, %5 per Case. 
 Water in pt. " i " u »T per Case. 
 
 Water in bbls. to dealers muimlent to six Cases) $7.50. 
 
 Address 
 
 SARATOGA STAR SPRING 00., 
 
 SARATOGA. NEW YORK 
 
 MELVIN WRIGHT, Supt. and Gen. Agt. 
 
 ...... - j ■ ■ ' ' ■>» • 
 

 -*— n 
 
 • * ft 
 
 9 
 
 # 
 
 OF 
 
 THE STEAMERS 
 
 Sunnyside and Thos. Powell 
 
 WILL LEAVE 
 
 NEW YORK, Daily, (Saturdays excpt'd) at 6o»crk, P.M. 
 
 From Pier 49, Leroy Street, 
 
 RETURNING, WILL LEAVE 
 
 TROY, from foot Broadway, Daily, (Saturdays excpt'd) 
 
 At 6 o'clock, F. M. 
 
 n®» Passengers ticketed and baggage checked via 
 
 R. & S. and T. & B. Rail Roads to 
 
 points North and West. 
 
 B^* 'Shippers 1 will mark their freight via 
 " Citizens' Steamboat Co." 
 
 G. W. HOETOS, Agent, Troy. JOSEPH CORNELL, Gen'l Sup% N. Y. 
 
 ^™-^»*^^ 
 
THE 
 
 SARATOGA GEYSER, <- SPOUTING SPRING. 
 
 The Proprietors of the Geyser Spring would respectfully call the attention of 
 Physicians, Druggists, and others to the following analysis of the Geyser Water, 
 made by Protestor C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School of Mines, 
 a few weeks after its discover}-: 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Potassium 24.634 " 
 
 Bromide of Sodium 2. '212 <: 
 
 Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " 
 
 Fluoride of Calcium trace 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lithia 7.004 " 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda 71.232 " 
 
 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 149 343 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lime 170.392 " 
 
 Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 " 
 
 Bicarbonate of Baryta 2.014 ,s 
 
 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.979 " 
 
 Sulphate of Potassa trace 
 
 Phosphate of Soda trace 
 
 Biborate of Soda trace 
 
 * 1 1 LI LL1 ' U c«j . • * . . >•*••••••••- ••••*••••••••• >■■•*•<•■•■•%••• • * L 1 t * v k. 
 
 Silica 0.65 " 
 
 Organic matter trace 
 
 , . _ 
 
 Total solid contents 991.546 
 
 . 
 
 "_ ■ ■ ' 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 U. S. GaL 454. 0S2 
 
 Density... 1.01 1 
 
 Temperaturo 46= Fall. 
 
 The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to change by 
 the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances during the wet 
 seasons of the year. As a medicinal agency, its effects are marvelous. Testi- 
 monials from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful cures of 
 diseases. 
 
 Geyser Water is put up in Pint and Quart Bottles. Carefully packed for 
 shipment to any part of the globe. 
 
 It is boxed in cases containing 4 doz. Pints, 2 doz. Pints, 2 doz. Quart*; it is 
 also sold in metallic lined barrels, upon special application. 
 
 Address, 
 
 GEYSER SPRING, 
 
 Saratoga SpriiiQSf W» Y» 
 
Mmw ¥<&£& ©@m 
 
 ^.zntid 
 
 HUDSON RIVER RAIL ROAD. 
 
 Nine Express Trains daily from the 
 
 Grand Pentral Depot, New York, 
 
 4th Ave & 42nd St. 
 
 TWO SPECIAL DRAWING ROOM TWAINS 
 
 FOB 
 
 SARATOGA AND LAKE GEORGE, 
 
 (Froni New Toia to Saratoga In less taan 6 hours.) 
 Five Through Trains from New York to 
 
 JSttJ^GASEiJ^ FALLS. 
 
 -»« »■ 
 
 The best managed Bail Boad in the country. 
 
 Tlie most complete in all its appointments. 
 
 AIiW A.1T« ON rris^E^s, 
 
 "Wagaer's elegantly faraishoS Dr-win-; Hdo:a Czxz na. o:i all through trails. 
 
 . Sleepiag Cars of mo gao .uasurpssood. 
 
 ■" : Tho best -Route. £rom Now Yeffk to the West* - 
 
 - » • - ' ." — - - — - • 
 
 J. M. TOnHHV Supt. C.-H. EENDEICS, GenL Ticket Agt 
 
SARATOGA HIGH ROCK SPRING. 
 
 The proprietors of thin WORLD-RENOWNED FOUNTAIN have the grati- 
 fication of announcing to dealers in, and consumers of Mineral Water, that 
 having, at a very great expense, put this f pring in the most perfect condition, 
 they are fully prepared to supply all orders for wafer, cither in glass or lulls. 
 Analysis by 1'rof. C. F. Chandler, of Columbia College. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Magnesia, 54,924 grs. 
 
 *cda, 
 
 Bicarbonate of c 
 Bicarbonate cf Ircn, 
 Phosphate of Lime, 
 Alumina, . . . . 
 Silica, »- . ... 
 
 Total, • • • 
 Carbonic Acid Gas, 
 
 34,888 
 1,478 
 trace. 
 1,223 
 2.2G0 
 
 . . 628,039 grs. 
 409,458 cub. in. 
 
 -"Retail less than. 13 dozen. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium, . 390,127 grs. 
 Chloride of Potassium, . 8.974 " 
 Bromide of Sodium, . 0.731 " 
 Iodide of Sodium, . 0,086 " 
 
 Fluoride of Calcium, . trace. 
 Sulphate of Potassa, . 1, 60S -grs. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Baryta, . trace. 
 Bicarbonate of Strontia, trace—- 
 Bicarbonate of Lime, . 131,739 grs. 
 
 PRICES- 
 Quarts*, in Boxes of 2 dozen, 3 dozen and 4 dozen, . 
 Pints, in Boxes of 4 dozer, 5 '"ozen and 6 dozen, 
 
 WHOLESALE PRICES PER' GROSS. 
 Quarts, in Boxes of 2 -'"osen, 3 dozen and 4 dozen, - 
 Pints, in Boxes of 4 dozen v 5 dozen and 6 dozen, 
 
 WATER IN BULK. ■ ■•■»*- : « 
 
 20c. perral. to parties furnishing bbls. I 25c. ptr gal. if-bbls. are loaned by Co; 
 Met<il-line4 B^rtelS fQCsalel'at'^JOsi price, and- also-loeaed i& ^responsible 
 parties. Bottles re-filled at the usual rates. 
 
 H. UNDERWOOD, Sup't. , W. G. FARG(V Prefr't. 
 
 Address an orders and communications to the Superintendent, at Saratoga Springs. 
 
 $3 each per dcz. 
 2 each per doz. 
 
 $2.50 each per dcz. 
 .1.75- each per dcz.. 
 
Adirondack Company's Eailroad 
 
 FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS 
 
 to LtZER\E, HADLEY, THIRMAN, ( be station for LAKE GEGRCE and 
 WARRENSBIRG,) THE CiLES, RIVERSIDE and MIRTH CREEK, 
 
 FORMING THE 
 
 MOST DIRECT RAILROA D RO UTE 
 
 TO THE 
 
 VALLEY OF THE UPPER HUDSON 
 
 and the Wilderness. 
 
 Connections are made at Thnrman tvith a First- Class 
 
 Stage Line to Lake George, 
 
 The distance by Stage (9 miles), Through Fare, and Time being tho samo 
 as by the old route via Glen's Falls. This routo affords 
 
 New and Far More Picturesque and Delightful Scenery 
 
 Than any other routo from Saratoga. 
 
 At Riverside Station, stages connect, running to SCHROON LAKE, 
 CHESTER, POTTERSVILLE, and tho NORTH WOODS. 
 
 From North Creek, stages run to the "FOURTEENTH," the most desirable 
 rendezvous and starting point 'rom which to reach RAQUETTE LAKE and 
 the HEART OF THE GREAT FOREST. 
 
 Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on arrival of Morning and Mid-day 
 trains from the south. 
 
 G. E. DURKEE,- C. H. BALLARD, 
 
 General Ticket Agent Superintendent 
 
 ■ ! ■'■ i iiun ■ " I n in i mUMI 
 
DRS. STRONG'S 
 
 REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 » ifr * 
 
 This institution was established in 1855, for the special treatment of Lung, 
 Female, and various Chronic Diseases, and as a Summer Resort during the 
 visiting season. 
 
 The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet tho necessities of 
 its increased patronage. It is now th3 largest health institution in Saratoga, 
 and is unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by atsy in this 
 country. In tiie elegance and completeness of its appointments it is unequaled. 
 Tiie building is heated by steam, so that in the coldest weather the air of the 
 house .s like that of midsummer. 
 
 The proprietors, Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong, are graduates of the Medical 
 Department of the New York TJjiversity, and are largely patronized by the 
 medical profession. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary remedial agencies used in general practice, they 
 employ tho Equalizer, or Vacuum Treatment, Eiecteo-Thlemal Baths, 
 Sulphur Air-Baths, Russian Baths, Turkish Baths, Hydropathy, Swedish 
 Movement Cure, Oxygen Gas, Gymnastics, Health Left, Mineral Waters, 
 &c, &c. 
 
 The fact that a disease is long standing, is generally evidence that it should 
 be treated at an institution having special facilities, Icr if it could be cured in 
 ordinary practice it should not have become chronic. 
 
 REFERENCES: 
 
 Bishop M. Simpson. Prof. Taylor Lewis, LL.D. 
 
 Rev. T. L. Cuilee, D.D. Chauncey N. Olds, LIr.D. 
 
 Robert Carter, Esq. 
 
 For particulars of the Institution send for circulars en Lung, Femalo, and 
 Chronic Diseases, and on our Appliances. Address,' 
 
 - : ; 
 
 DBS. S. S. & S. E. STBOSTG, 
 
 ''"TlEMEblAL INSTITUTE, •.-- -. 2 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. 
 
 ' * m * ! <•* ■■■ ■ ' '1— 'iff"';'! 'I'- j " 1 '—■ : - i T» m tm . J 
 
HENRY O. HASKELL, 
 
 Atwutv mm mt> mmm wonKs t 
 
 Nos. 50, 52, 54, and 56 Liberty and 8 Pruyn Sts. 
 
 Office, 8 Pruyn Street, near Steamboat Landing:, 
 
 MANUFACTURE!* OF ALL SIZES < 1? 
 
 I CAM cNb Nto AeiO Dull 
 
 i 
 
 BRIDGE AND ROOF BOLTS, 
 
 CEMETERY, AREA, AND STOOP RAILINGS ; 
 
 Bank Counter, Office, and Desk Railings; 
 
 IROH WORK OF ALL KIMDS. 
 
 Balconies, Verandas, Iron Bridges, 
 
 Bedsteads, Bank Vaults, Wrought-Bron Beams, 
 
 Roof Crestings, Doors and Shutters, 
 
 MANUFACTURED, ALSO, OT 
 
 BEZTTER, STONE & GO'S 
 
 Patent Improved Wrought-lron Tubular Arch Truss Bridge. 
 
 A Lithograph, giving full details, will he sent on Application. 
 
 CASTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FURNISHED DAILY, 
 
 Particular attention given to Repairing all -kinds, of Machinery and Boilers. 
 
 Patterns and Models made at short notice. 
 
 Sendi/or Illustrated Catalogue. 
 
BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING. 
 
 Tho water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich in valuable 
 Remedial Agents as any other water found in Saratoga County, and to surpass in excellence 
 all the Waters found in other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of *ix hun- 
 dred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid rock, it is not diluted or contaminated 
 by surface water, as is generally the case with shallow springs. 
 
 Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and in fact 
 combine the ingredients of all the principal ones in Europe and America. It is very strongly 
 impregnated with that valuable mineral, Lithia. which U so effed.xuil in dUaolcina the Chalk, 
 or Limestone and Urate, deposits in Rheumatism. Gout and Gkavel, and has been success- 
 fully used by hundreds in these diseases, with quick and telling effect ; as also in Kipnky Dis- 
 ease, Liver Complaint. Catarrh. Dyspepsia. Biliousness Acidity of the Stomach, Con- 
 stipation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. 
 
 Tho large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it contains, specially recommend 
 it to the attention of every Physician. 
 
 ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, PH. D. 
 
 Chloride of Sodi um 
 
 Chloride of Potassium.. 
 Bromide of Sodium... , 
 
 Iodide of Sodium . 
 
 Fluoride of Calcium... 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lithia 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda 
 
 Bicarbonate of Magnesia, 
 Bicarbonate of Lime.... 
 Bicarbonate of Strontia. 
 Bicarbonate of Baryta. . 
 Bicarbonate of Iron 
 
 750.080 grains. 
 
 88.276 '* 
 
 8.648 « 
 
 0.124 M 
 
 trace. 
 
 7.750 " 
 
 11.928 " 
 
 180.602 " 
 
 238.156 » 
 
 0„6€7 " 
 
 8.881 " 
 
 1.581 * 
 
 Carbonic Acid 
 Density... . 
 Temperature . 
 
 School of Mints, Columbia College, X. I*., April 21, 1868. 
 
 Sulphate of Potassa. 
 Phosphate of Soda.. 
 
 Biborate of Soda 
 
 Alumina 
 
 Silica 
 
 Organic Matter. 
 
 Total per gall. (231 cubic in.). 
 
 Gas. 
 
 0.520 grains. 
 
 0.050 " 
 
 trace. 
 
 0.077 " 
 
 0.761 " 
 
 trace. 
 
 1233 246 
 
 426. 114 cub. in. 
 
 1.0159 " 
 
 52 deg. F. 
 
 For the benefit of those who are not acquainted with the richness of the different Springs^ 
 we give a Statement of the quantity of mineral matter contained in one gallon of Water ot 
 the Springs which claim to be the most effective in disease:— 
 
 Star Spring 615.685 grains. 
 
 Seltzor Spring 401. 6S0 " 
 
 Excelsior....! M4.746 " 
 
 Ballston Artesian 
 
 Lithia Spring. . . .1233.246 grains. 
 
 Congress Spring 567.943 M 
 
 Empire Spring 496.352 " 
 
 High Rock Spring 628.088 " 
 
 Gettysburgh Katalysine 2H56.930 
 
 The Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in boxes of four-dozen Pints, and 
 will bear transportation to any part of the world. 
 
 To prevent imposition, the corks are marked thus: Artesian Spring Co., Ball* 
 •ton, N. Y. 
 
 Address, 
 
 ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING CO., 
 
 Ballston Spa., N. IV 
 
r 
 
 HOWE S CAV 
 
 SCHOHARIE COUNTY, N. Y. 
 
 Entranee within a faw rods of tho Station, on tho Albany and Susquehanna It. R., 
 
 3D miles from Albany. 
 
 -»~p-*- 
 
 This is one of the most remarkable curiosities in tho United States. For 
 beauty, variety and extent, ii is only equaled by the Mammoth Cave of Ken- 
 tucky, with tho advantago cf being more convenient of access, and without 
 danger. To increase tho novelty, means have recently boen taken to havo it 
 
 LIGHTED WITH GAS 
 
 as far as tho Lake. Visitors now havo tho choice of viewing that portion of 
 the Cavern by Torch Light or by Lanterns. 
 
 The Only Cave in the World Lighted with Gas. 
 
 Full description of tho prominent points of interest will bo found in this 
 Guide, under tho Albany and Susquehanna Railroad Division. 
 
 For tho accommodation of visitors thero has recently been erected at tho 
 mouth of tho Cave a first-class hotel, with all tho modern improvements, 
 
 known as the 
 
 ■> 
 
 C^^E HOUSE. 
 
 H. FBAN0IS00, Proprietor, 
 
 Whero every comfort and convenience will be provided to make it pleasant 
 for visitors. Suitable apparel will also bo furnished for ladies and gentlemen 
 entering the Cave, although there is less necessity fcr it now than formerly, 
 as excavations have been made, and are being made, rendering tho passago of 
 that portion usually visited easy of access, and extra clothing unneces:ary. 
 
 Experienced Guides will accompany Visitors either by day cr eight* 
 

 W. C. KEYES & SON, Proprietors. 
 
 »«» 
 
 This Houso is pleasantly located on 
 
 MAIN STREET, 
 
 Within a very short distance of the Lake, in the beautiful 
 
 village of 
 
 COOPERSTO WN, N. Y. 
 
 SUMMER TOURISTS and TRAVELERS, 
 
 All tho year round, will nnd all tho necessary conveniences and 
 
 comforts of a 
 
 ' FIBST-OUSS ItTlEi. 
 
 STABLING ATTACHED. 
 
 • 
 
 And Carriages will convey Guests to and from the Railway 
 
 Station, free of charge. 
 
s 
 
 SMITHSONIAN HOUSE, 
 
 The Pleasantest Hotel in the Pleasant Village of 
 
 NYACK-ON-T HE-HUDSON. 
 
 City Comforts, Most Healthful Location, Large, Airy, Well- 
 furnished Booms, Gas, Pure Water, Shaded Grounds, 
 Magnificent Views, Boating and Biding easily 
 attainable, Good Table. 
 
 Transient as well as Permanent Boarders 
 will be made welcome. 
 
 PRICES EEASONABLE. 
 
 Appbtsh 
 
 M. L. BIG-ELOW, 
 
 Nyack-on-the-Hudson, 
 
'iillll la sLLL all tjiJbs 
 
 RTJTLAJSTD, VEEMONT. 
 
 CRAMTON & SA.LSBUEY, Proprietors. 
 
 This large and commodious Hotel, is located near the Railway Station and in 
 the business center of the town. It has long enjoyed a reputation as a popular 
 place of resort for travelers, as it first-class house in Vermont. Tho house has 
 recently been thoroughly renovated, and large and pleasant suites of rooms 
 added ; a large Billiard-Room opened: and new furniture and carpets introduced. 
 A wing of fifty feet, three stories high, has been added during the last season. 
 to meet, the demands of a continual increase in business. 
 
 The house is under the direction of the popular and experienced manager, 
 Major Saisbury, who has been long known to travelers, and will continue in 
 the future, as in the past, to meet the wants and merit the pnironage of the 
 public . „ A first-class wvery. stable i& attached to the house, where guests .can 
 be at all limes accommodated at reasonable rates. 
 
 Persons desiring to visit the remark abte~" 
 
 , SPRINGS AT NHDDtETOWN, 
 
 OR THE CELEBRATED 
 
 CLARENDON SPRINGS, 
 
 * - . 
 will find Rutland a favorable point to stop. 
 
 Tlae Brtec to irotfi these places from Rutland is Pleasant and Agreeable. 
 
 - . — — 
 
C. W. BILLINGS, 
 
 MARBLEi.ZED SLATE AND 
 
 MARBLE MANTEL WORKS, 
 
 Corner North Third and Hutton Sts. f 
 
 TROY, N. Y. 
 
 40i 
 
 MANTELS OF EVERY GRADE, 
 
 From the Plain Chamber to the Elegant Parlor and 
 
 Library Mantel. 
 
 MANUFACTURED FROM EEAL MARBLE, 
 
 or Slate Marbleized, 
 
 in exact imitation of all the costly imported marble, embracing 
 
 EGYPTIAN, SPANISH, GALWAY GREEN, 
 
 CALIFORNIA, PORPHYRY, 
 
 SIENNA BROCATEL, VERD ANTIQUE, 
 
 PYRRENESE, ROMAN, 
 
 JASPER, LISBON, BLACK and GOLD. 
 
 Also executed in imitation of 
 
 OAK, WALNUT, ASH AND MAPLE. 
 
 ORIGINAL DESIGNS 
 
 executed to ARCHITECTS drawings in any and every style. Grates for hard 
 or soft coal, with summer pieces to correspond with the various styles. Also 
 Black Boards, Sinks, Floor Tiles, Hearths, &c. These Mantels can be 
 securely packed and shipped to any part of the country. Orders for any 
 article capable of beiug manufactured from fiat© will be promptly executed. 
 Sufficient inducements will be offered to WHOLESALE DEALERS. 
 
 ~ mn m ^ * m 
 
 mmmmmimmmm i i r- , ■ ■■■■ ■ t-i- ■-■'h' Ism 
 
SOMETHING NEW. 
 
 THE GOLDEN SUN FIREPLACE HEATER. 
 
 / WE OX'Wti 'Ho TUti TltAL»Jjl 
 
 The Most Perfect Base-Burning and Illuminating Fireplace Stove 
 
 OF THIS AGE. 
 
 Oar patent Arrangement for Removing 
 the Slate and Clineebs feom the Fiee- 
 Chambee, without dropping the tire out, 
 is an improvement not iound in any other 
 Fireplace Heater. This can be done every 
 morning with less troulle than it takes to 
 rake the old kind of Stoves, and a contin- 
 uous lire be kept going, always fresh on 
 the grate. By this means the entire sur- 
 face of the stove can always be relied on 
 for heat; but in other stoves, when the 
 grate surface becomes covered with clink- 
 ers and the cylinder half filled with ashes 
 and clinkers, orly the upper surface will 
 afford keat,— thus very olten resulting in 
 the over-heating and ruining of the stove. With our Impkoved Geate the base 
 of the stove is nlways hot. In this stove wo give a bottom as will as a top 
 view of the fiee; whereas, in all other stoves the firo can only be seen frcm 
 the top. With this improvement we can always see through the windows in 
 the base, and tell waea the firo requires raking. 
 
 In addition to the above-named improvements, we have placed our Hot-Aie 
 Damper in the casing of the stove. This improvement saves the trculle of 
 putting a chimney -iron find Lo'-rir damper in the throat of the chimney, as 
 with our improvement the heat can all be thrown down s:a:rs at pleasure. 
 Again, we have mad 3 our front circle movable. Tho dove can be set in and 
 the front put on after tho pipe is connected. This gives the workman a chance 
 to see what he is "doinc? whilo connecting tho pipe, and he can always be sure 
 that his pipe is properly connected. 
 
 The construction of the Grate and Firepot is entirely new, as well as our 
 Hot- Air Damper,— nothing of the kind having heretofore been invented. The 
 Patent Offico at Washington has been thoroughly serrched, and no invention 
 bearing any resemblance can bo found; consequently we claim "something 
 new unde- the sun." 
 
 We invite the Trade and the Public generally, to call at our warerooms and 
 examine the Supeeiobity of this Stove ovee all othees. 
 
 JAMES SPEAR <fe CO., 
 Inventors, Patentees, and Sole Manufacturers, 
 
 1116 and 1113 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 FOE SALE BY 
 
 E. L. POSSMAN, .. .,. .... . . ... . . Hudson, • N. T. 
 
 TROWBRIDGE & SHEEBILL, * « . Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
■.:■- 
 
 4 
 
 Forest Mining and Slate Co., 
 
 HYDEViLLE, 
 
 ECTLAND COUNTY VERMONT. 
 
 •» « 
 
 A.. W. HYDE, President. 
 MXT W. KtYX>JE, A.S&HU 
 
 
 MANUFACTUBEBS OF 
 
 MARBLEIZED SLATE AND MARBLE MANTELS, 
 
 CHIMNEY-PIECES, TABLE-TOPS, PIER-TABLES, CHESS-TABLES, 
 BRACKET-SHELVES, BUREAU-TOPS, AND SLATE BILLIARD- 
 TABLE BEDS, HEARTHS, BLACKBOARDS, FLOOR-TELE, 
 SINK8, WASH-TUBS, BATHING-TUBS, WALKS, 
 GRAVE-COVERS, GRAVE-MARKS, 
 
 CHIMNEY- COVERS, ROOFING-SLATE, Ac. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 Marble Billiard-Table Beds, Tile, 
 Furniture-Tops, &c. 
 
 1M - _ _ ^^ J -^^^--^ [ _ ^.^-_ 
 
EMPIRE HEATING RANGE 
 
 ■«— > 
 go 
 
 22 
 
 E 
 
 5° 
 ►— « 
 oo 
 <» 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 3 
 
 Erl 
 
 AT 
 
 NEW YORK STATE FAIRS, 
 
 1868, 1869. 1870, 1871 and 1872. 
 
 Will Heat from one to four upper rooms in the 
 
 coldest weather. 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 SWETT, QUIMBY & PERRY, 
 
 277 El ver Street, Tro y, 1ST. Y. - 
 
 FOR SALE JBY 
 
 R. L. ROSSMAN, Hudson, N 9 Y. 
 GEORGE L. DENNIS, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 » i i 
 
PHCBNIX MUTUAL 
 
 IIA.TlTI?OXlI>, CONN. 
 
 January 1st, 1S73. 
 
 POLICIES ISSUED, 1872, 10,527. INCOME, 1872, $3,413,752.45. 
 
 The Only old Company of Consideration thai has Increased its Business in 1872. 
 
 ASSETS, securely invested, - $8,21)9.325.07 
 
 SURPLUS, free of all liabilities, 1,199, S31. 50 
 
 DIVEDEKDG, paid to Policy-holders during the year, .... 943,441.71 
 
 INOOIHE, for the year, 3,413,752.45 
 
 LOSSES, paid during the year, 831,116.32 
 
 COMPARISON 0? THE BUSINESS OF 1871 AND 187 .-. 
 
 POLICIES DIVIDENDS PAID LOSSES 
 
 LSSOED. INCOME. POLICY-HOLDERS. BY DEATH. NET ASSETS. 
 
 1871, - - ' - 10,039 $3,135,736.14 $633,054.22 $652,500.57 $7,356,967.28 
 
 1872, - - - 10,527 3,413,752 45 043,441.71 831,116.32 8,209,325.07 
 
 An increase which affords most convinciug proof of the growing and well-merited favor 
 with which the Company is regarded by insurers. 
 
 The following table exhibits the progress of tbe Company during the last ten years : 
 
 POLICIES DIVIDENDS PAID LOSSES 
 
 ISSUED. INCOME. POLICY-HOLDEB3. BY DEATH. ASSETS. 
 
 1362 and 63, - 1,717 $125,672.00 $1,244.00 $58,000.00 $437,933.00 
 
 1864 and C5, . • G.5S9 789,733.00 2,383.00 117,200.00 903,285.00 
 
 1866 and 67, • 9,919 2,027,051.00 60,222.00 196,050.00 2,218,344.00 
 
 186a and 69, - - 16,852 4,363,812.00 461,716.00 502.544.00 5,081,9:5.00 
 
 1870 and 71, - 19,105 6,963,392 00 1,162,412.00 1.153,056.00 7,510.61400 
 
 An- examination of the above figures shows that the Company is a pro- 
 gressive one, that it guarantees ample security to its Policy-holders, and 
 that it affords Insurance at the Imvest rates. It appears, also, that within the 
 last ten years it has paid to its Policy-holders, in Dividends, nearly 
 
 TWO MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS, 
 
 And in losses bv death nearly 
 
 THREE MILLION DOLLARS, 
 
 And at the same time it has greatly increased it3 Assets, as well as maintained a large surplus 
 over all Liabilities. Since the commencement of its business the Company has issued over 
 
 SEVENTY-TWO THOUSAND POLICIES, 
 
 And has paid to the families of its deceased members nearly 
 
 THREE AND A HALF MILLION DOLLARS. 
 J. F. BURNS, Sec'y. £. FESSENDEN, Pres't. 
 
 — " ' I ■ ' ■ ■ - . . . ■ . .T.-. , ■ 
 
■ I 11-! J J Ijn i 
 
 J 
 
 to 
 J* 
 
 p 
 
 Pi ^ 
 
 o ~ 
 
 8 p 
 
 03 
 
 -B » 
 
 •5 
 
 ► 
 P 
 
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 p 
 
 P 
 
 a 
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 od 
 
 H 
 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 
 - - 
 
THE BUCK EYE 
 
 MOWER AND SELF-RAKING REAPER. 
 
 Styles, Sizes and 
 
 PRICES TO SUIT ALL 
 
 Classes of Farmers. 
 
 
 < 
 
 The Superiority of the Princi- 
 ples and Mechanism of this 
 Machine have Earned for it its 
 Reputation as the 
 
 Most Perfect and 
 MOST DURABLE HARVESTER 
 
 IN THE WORLD. 
 
 *S^ 
 
 The high standard of excel- 
 
 lence in 
 
 MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP 
 maintained, and VALUABLE IM- 
 
 PEOVEMENTS ADDED. 
 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 ADRIANCE, PLATT & CO., 165 Greenwich Street, 
 
 NEAR COURTLANDT STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 m^ivtjfAvOtohy, poughkeepsie, i*. y. 
 
m-c^ 
 
 <*: 
 
 // 
 
 LINE STEAMERS, 
 
 From Pier 35, 
 FOOT OF FRANKLIN ST. 
 
 old Spring, Cornwall Landing, Rhinebeck, 
 ivoli, Maiden, Smith's Dock and Germantown. 
 
 Passage, ONE DOLLAR. 
 
 THE PALATIAL STEAMER 
 
 An «sl 
 
 
 M 
 
 A. P. BLACK, Commander, 
 Will leave Franjelin St., Mondays, Wednesdays d- Fridays, 
 
 AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. 
 
 Making the usual landings. 
 
 THE PALACE STEAMER 
 
 [ - 
 
 m 111 
 
 i 
 
 P. H. KNICKERBACKER, Commander, 
 Will leave Franklin St., Tuesdays, Thursdays <& Saturdays. 
 
 AT 5 O'CLOCK, F. M. 
 
 Making the usual landings. 
 Arriving at Catslcill at S A..M., connecting with all lines of Stages. 
 
 Returning leave Catskill at 6 P. M. on alternate days. 
 
 «g<> 
 
 Vi 
 
 This Iiine connects with Steamer City of Hudson for Coxsackie, Stuy- 
 vcKunt, New Baltimore, and Castleton. 
 

 EVERY A PTERNOON. 
 
 UBWBtJR® 
 
 POUGHKEEPSIE, 
 
 EONDOUT & KINGSTON, 
 
 COZZEXS, IFBST POINT, CORS WALL. W II 
 BAMBVRGH, X Mil Ids 
 
 BREAKFAST AND DINNER SERVED ON BOAI^D 
 
 >I A R V PO WEI L, 
 
 « \ i- i viv >m»i inaoN, 
 
 wii.L l.KAVh KBW YORB ■ SOON, 
 
 FROM VESTRY STREET, PIER 39.' 
 \i 3.30 <•''■)' tck. 
 
 RXTURN1 
 
 Hew Hamburgh, 
 
 6.S0 
 
 0. t 6 
 
 ivbiirgh. 
 
 Arriving in New York at 10.45. 
 
 CATSKILL LINE STEAMERS, 
 
 K< it n in FRAN KLIN BT. 
 
 Cold Spring, Cornwall Landing, Rhinebeck, 
 Tivoli, Maiden. Smith's Dock and Germantown. 
 ig, i i\l I IOLLAR. 
 
 ! 11 I M i : ' ■ -' ' 
 
 MEW CHAMPION, 
 
 A. I*. BLACK.. Comnftntoi 
 
 n ut trait I- '■'<" «.. '(•"<-'•'."•. " .•'"■-'•"<■ •' '<•-'""-- 
 
 \l .. • i I 1 .« " K 1 ' M- 
 
 Tlll l*Al V BST1 VMfflB 
 
 ANDREW HARDER. 
 
 p H. KNII BBBBAGKEB, Oonmantoi 
 
 ,utii t ,,•>.).>•„ «., /i" -<<«<,.. n»ur«totf#d Sa(«rti«v<. 
 
 \ I 6 < >'i 'I-' »CK, P M 
 
 Mlkii., ' 
 
 ... . mum .1. n « »> «' muuon r« Oou*M»te, «....»- 
 
 ..,,. >,-» ll.4litii.oris uii.l CuUfMO- 
 
 KAI KUAN KB 
 
 STANDARD SCALES: 
 
 COBHTEE. OEOCEE'S. DRB0OISTS. AND GOLD SCALES. 
 Sl.k ml) b) llli 
 
 FAIRBANKS & CO.. 311 BROADWAY. N. Y. 
 
 PAIBB1NKS, BROWS. 1 CO.. Z Bill Stml, 10U S»»lh Bl«*,> Balu. 
 ^- Alsu ..' ' Tmmt 
 

 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 - l i : 
 
 
 ■ v- ,.",, 
 
 - 
 
 ; >>e-- 
 
 
 «$ i 
 
 
 / -■ \ A 
 
 S.MS, & /f 
 
 
 n 
 
 ie«a! ?^* i&i,- > |s i«" lift-::? ?* — « -« ; • v- ^- IS-Tm Mi 
 
 il'-ii • - r ' J " ^jftjili TIP*'"" •"'-"; 
 
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 vr a«r 
 
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 KiSft 
 
 
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 <- 
 
 
 li-i-y 
 
 1 
 
 ^V 
 
 ?m- a^ q 
 
 Wiff 
 
 
KILL LINE STEAMERS, 
 
 From Pier 35, 
 FOOT OF FRANKLIN ST. 
 
 ild Spring, Cornwall Landing, Ehineteck, 
 iivoli, Maiden, Smith's Dock and Germantown. 
 
 Passage, ONE DOLLAR. 
 
 THE PALATIAL STEAMER 
 
 m 
 
 L M 
 
 A. P. BLACK, Commander, 
 Hill leave Franklin St., Mondays, Wednesdays <C Fridays, 
 
 AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. 
 
 Making the usual landings. 
 
 THE PALACE STEAMER 
 
 i 
 
 
 P. H. KNICKEEBACKEB, Commander, 
 Will leave Franklin St., Tuesdays, Thursdays <£• Saturdays. 
 
 AT 5 O'CLOCK, F. M. 
 
 Making the usual landings. 
 Arriving at Catskill at 5 A.M., connecting tvith all lines of Stages. 
 
 Returning leave Catskill at 6 P. M. on alternate days. 
 
 This Line connects with Steamer City of Hudson for Coxsackie, Stuy- 
 vesant, New Baltimore, and Castleton. 
 
I 
 
 Count the Cost. 
 
 THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. 
 
 It is an undoubted fact that there are but very few families that can afford to 
 lo without a Sewing Machine. The question is not ''Shall we get one?" but 
 Wfiich shall we 
 
 OETP" 
 
 G E one that runs easily. 
 
 G E one that works quietly. 
 
 GET one that will stay in order. 
 
 3 E X one that will do all you need. 
 
 G E" one that has in itself all the necessary parts of a 
 
 good machine. 
 
 G E one that adds lo all f he above 
 
 many new and desirable qualities, that can only be had with th« 
 
 FLORENCE 
 
 SEWING - MACHINE. 
 
 SEND FOR 
 
 A FULL 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE 
 
 Agents Wanted 
 
 WHEM VOX 
 
 ALREADY 
 
 CIRCULAR. '^MIl Hlill P 1 ^ ESTABLISHED. 
 FLORENCE SEWING-MACHINE CO., 
 
 FLORENCE, MASS., or 
 
 778 Washington Street, Boston. 39 Union Square, New York. 
 
 w.: l i«^u» ul 
 
T H E 
 
 NORTH AMERICA 
 
 (MUTUAL) 
 
 Life Insurance Company, 
 
 Have determined to offer to those who may prefer that plan of Insurance. 
 
 the new system entitled 
 
 TONTINE INSURANCE. 
 
 It is believed to combine greater and more varied advantages than any 
 other known system of Insurance. — Send for circular. 
 
 ABSOLUTE SECURITY. 
 
 1?PP*i^trV - — '^' s Company issues New York Stale Registered Policies, secured by 
 C 5 L y * pledge of Public Stocks, like the circulation of National Banks. This 
 
 makes every Registered Poiicy as secure to the holder as a National Bank note or United 
 States Bond. 
 
 Superintendent Barnes says, in bis Report for 1869: — "So far as the question of 
 security is concerned, a Policy, duly registered in this Department, is probably the safest 
 Life Insurance Policy that can be issued by a corporation." 
 
 Amount on deposit with the Insurance Department, for the protec- 
 tion of Pol icy- Holders of the North America Life Insurance Com- 
 pany, nearly $2,000,000. 
 
 (See Regular Bulletin of Registered Policy Account in every Tuesday's A'. Y. Tribune!) 
 
 ALL POLICIES REGISTERED IN THE INSURANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 FREE OF COST. 
 
 l\ZTntna1it\7 The Company is Purely Mutual, the Capital Stock having been 
 
 muiuaiuy . recently paid back to the Stockholders, and henceforth all the profits 
 
 will bi divided among the Policy-Holders, after the NEW PLAN OF CONTRI- 
 BUTION originated by this Company. 
 
 "Wnn-Frnrf^i+nr^ ALL OUR LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLICIES 
 
 -L^Ull J. UliCUUIC. ARE NON-FORFEITABLE, (except Tontine Policy,) 
 
 thus securing to your heirs the value of every dollar invested, whether you can continue 
 
 your Policy or not. 
 
 "Mnn-l?^ctfir»fi/M-» No restriction on Travel in the United States or any part 
 
 x* KJll JX.COII 1C11UI1. of Nonh America, north of the Southern Cape of Flor- 
 ida, or in Europe at any season of the year. 
 
 Grace in Payment of Premiums — ^, y d ^S c ^S 
 
 and the Policy held geod. 
 
 Premiums and Returns of Surplus, ^ b &Jr%f|JSi5 
 
 of the policy-Holder, converted to additional Insurance. 
 
 NORTH AMERICA (Mutual) LIFE INS. CO. 
 
 17 and 19 Warren Street, New York. 
 
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