•Tbe 
 
 .^ersity of (j. 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 Delivered at the Commencement of the 
 
 Ohio State University 
 
 June 25, 1890 
 
 ALBERT H. TUTTLE 
 
 University of Virginia. 
 
 HANN A ADAIR, PRS., 108 N. HIGH ST.. COLUMBUS* «. 
 
' ,J' 
 
 
 60S61 
 
Sl^e Qi^iVersitvj o[ Qtopia. 
 
 Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, 
 Members of the University, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 The subject which has been announced for me this morn- 
 ing may at first sight seem to some of you to be somewhat out 
 of the way; if any such, however, will but reflect a moment, 
 they will, I trust, perceive that it is in reality the one theme to 
 which I am practically confined ; indeed, instead of my choos- 
 ing it, it may be said to have chosen me. This is a university 
 occasion, and Columbus is, in a limited sense (I confess that 
 the limits are rather narrow as yet), a university town. I come 
 from a place that is a university, morning, noon, and night, for 
 six days in the week, and where we go to a university chapel 
 on Sundays : my business has been with universities for the 
 last twenty years, and I must be called a university man, if for 
 no other reason, at least by the method of exclusion ; if I am 
 to pay any attention to the sound old maxim, ^''Ne sutor ultra 
 crepidam^^'' I am, as you see, as restricted in the choice of my 
 subject as was Mrs. Bardell of glorious memory in the selec- 
 tion of a lodger. Of a university, therefore, shall my speech 
 be made. 
 
 But of what university shall I speak? Our library shelves 
 teem with volumes that tell of the glories and the transcendent 
 excellence of the German foundations: you have doubtless 
 
read them all. The peculiar characteristics of the French 
 system also are as well known as those of the Italian, of which 
 the former was an outgrowth. Scandinavia and Russia, Hun- 
 gary and Spain are alike familiar to you. Shall I, then, go 
 farther, and speak of the colleges and universities of Madras, 
 Calcutta, and Bombay? You know as much of them as I do 
 already. Of those vast fountains of profound learning (located 
 nobody knows where), in which esoteric Buddhism reigns 
 supreme, and where the mystic light of Theosophy shines 
 through the transfigured intellects of its votaries? Madame 
 Blavatsky (who knows quite as much about it as I do), has 
 already told as much" of that as the credulity of the average 
 public will stand. Of China? Clumsy fingers should handle 
 China delicately. Of Japan? This institution owes an old 
 grudge to the university of Japan, and I surely would not 
 wish to awaken unpleasant memories on this auspicious 
 occasion. 
 
 Shall I direct your gaze southward from Europe? The 
 glory of Alexandria has departed : and the university of Cairo 
 is to-day but a grammar school where devout Mohammedans 
 recite the Koran in chorus with a vigor of lung and an absence 
 of comprehension that would do honor to a "concert exercise" 
 in a city ward school (of thirty years ago). Algiers is France — 
 diluted. The university of Capetown is a metamere of the 
 university of I^ondon. Khartoum and Timbuktu repeat the 
 story of Cairo : and as for the university of Bakololo, I shall 
 not betray confidence by saying anything about it. Mr. Stanley 
 has put himself to some considerable inconvenience recently to 
 visit it, and it would be unkind indeed to forestall him in its 
 description. Shall we go still farther from home, and seek in 
 Australasia an unknown field? Sydney and Melbourne, New 
 
— 3 — 
 
 Zealand and Otago repeat with Capetown the methods, the 
 excellences, and the defects of the English universities. 
 
 Does some one ask, Why go away from home at all ? Why 
 not tell us what the American university is, and what it does? 
 I wish I could ! He must indeed be a brave man who to-day 
 attempts to say what the American university is, or which is 
 the Simon-pure American university. Is it Harvard? Is it 
 Yale? or Princeton? Columbia? or Johns Hopkins? Did 
 Thomas Jefferson found it ? or Ezra Cornell ? Is it in Michi- 
 gan? or Ohio? or California? Who can tell? As long as it 
 was left to base-ball alone to decide the matter, there was some 
 hope that we would one day know which was really the great- 
 est of American universities, and the model for all others: but 
 with foot-ball entering as a disturbing element, the problem 
 becomes more complex; and when we add the cinder track 
 exercises^ (which in my humble judgment ought really to have 
 been reserved for candidates for post-graduate honors), we find 
 ourselves face to face with the problem that still, I believe, 
 baffles the astronomers: the gravitation of three points about 
 each other. I shall certainly not attempt to solve it for you 
 this summer day. 
 
 I trust that I have said enough to show you that if I am to 
 talk today of a university of which you have never heard, and 
 an account of which will at least have the merit of novelty 
 even to those of you who have most diligently and conscien- 
 tiously read your Encyclopedia Britannicas through, I am 
 constrained to speak of one in that land over which the cross 
 of St. George has never waved ; in which the trivium and 
 quadrivium are unheard of; where Buddha and Islam alike are 
 unknown and unworshiped ; where the grasping tendencies 
 of the papacy and the secularizing influence of infidel science 
 
are alike unfelt ; where Burschenschaften and fraternities are 
 alike unheard of; and where they do not even have a college 
 yell ! That land (need I say it?) is Utopia. I come before you 
 this morning, therefore, to say something about the University 
 of Utopia, and possibly before I close, of universities else- 
 where as well. 
 
 Utopia is a very interesting country. Its name signifies, 
 in Utopese, ''the land where men always profit by the experi- 
 ence of others " : I believe that my friends the philologists will 
 bear me witness that that is a reasonably correct though some- 
 what roundabout translation of the word. Our knowledge of 
 the land is confessedly scanty. Sir Thomas More gathered 
 a connected but fragmentary account from the old traveler 
 Hythloday, whose statements have never been impeached ; 
 have, indeed, been hardly questioned : but Sir Thomas himself, 
 though curious enough to know something more of the land he 
 had described so well, never started to visit it until Henry 
 the Eighth gave him a passport. For some good reason Sir 
 Thomas has never given us an account of his journey. 
 
 I take it for granted that I do not need to tell an audience 
 whose culture and intelligence are evidenced by their sympa- 
 thetic presence on an occasion like the present, where Utopia 
 is : if haply any one among you does not know, he can inform 
 himself by consulting his metaphysical geography. In spite 
 of the interest that its name awakens, men rarely go there ; or, 
 rather, few men arrive there, though quite a number have 
 started in that direction: from the locality where many of 
 these voyagers bring up, I think I may safely give you the hint 
 that its location is to the westward, and that it is somewhere 
 beyond the farther bank of the Scioto; where, indeed, the 
 State has erected a large and commodious half-way house. I 
 (iid not §tQp there when I went. 
 
— 5 — 
 
 How I reached Utopia is a matter of small importance : 
 one incident only of the journey needs to be mentioned. I 
 had entered the country of the Anemolians, which, as you 
 know, is near to Utopia, when I became conscious of a stranger 
 traveling in the same direction as myself. His head lacked 
 that smoothness which is predicted of the coming American ; 
 but he wore spectacles, and bore other marks of being a learned 
 man: his appearance was not altogether prepossessing, but I 
 felt at that time that poor company was better than none ; he 
 was evidently of like mind, for he presently joined me. He 
 proved to be the Rev. Dr. Alazon, Rector (certainly not mag- 
 nificus) of the University of Skowhegan ; and that he was a 
 very talented personage was shown by the fact that in addition 
 to this important office he also filled those of Chancellor of the 
 Board of Regents, President of the Faculty, and Professor of 
 the Natural, Mental, and Moral Sciences. His colleagues, as I 
 learned in the course of conversation, were a young man of 
 great talent who had recently completed, in two years and 
 three-quarters from the district schools, the entire course of the 
 International Abnormal University, and now taught the An- 
 cient and Modern Languages; his son-in-law, who taught His- 
 tory, Mathematics and Book-keeping ; and his daughter, who 
 taught Art ; her painting, copied from an old master, of seven 
 peaches rolling out of an over-turned basket, had been highly 
 commended by the local press. Instruction in Music was, given 
 (with an extra charge for the use of the piano) by a teacher 
 who visited the university at stated intervals whenever the 
 number electing that branch of culture warranted: in this 
 manner the lighter graces and refinements of life were grafted 
 upon the stock of a thorough and liberal education. As if all 
 this were not enough, the leading practitioner of the village 
 
gave a course of lectures yearly to all who chose to attend 
 them, upon Physiology and the Laws of Health. What more 
 could be desired? 
 
 On learning who I was, the old gentleman was so kind as 
 to say that he had heard the institution with which I was con- 
 nected well spoken of; but deprecated the interference (as he 
 termed it), of the State in matters of higher education, saying 
 that the institutions supported by the hard-won earnings of 
 the taxpayers were not only atheistic in character, and demor- 
 alizing in their tendencies, but that they admitted young meu 
 and women free of charge for tuition. He mentioned with an 
 air of modest complacency the fact that his institution (which 
 he assured me was the only one connected with his religious 
 body in five counties), had often been spoken of by the press 
 of his denomination as a bulwark of the faith against the mate- 
 rializing tendencies of modern science, now being brought 
 into his territory in the original packages. It conferred, he 
 informed me, seventeen different degrees : seven of these were 
 honorary, and were given for eminence in professional life and 
 for other legitimate considerations; the others were given in 
 course. On my expressing some surprise at the ratio between 
 the number of courses and the size of the faculty, he told me 
 that their degrees, like the inflections of the Greek verb, were 
 used to convey nice shades of meaning : for example, they 
 made a distinction between students who "took" arithmetic 
 before and after they studied book-keeping: they also had 
 degrees adapted to the intellectual capacity of young ladies. 
 
 Personally, the Rector was not at all a bad fellow: he 
 evidently read the newspapers, and was well posted : he had a 
 fund of dry humor, and was always ready for an argument, 
 and we got along very well together. He expressed his 
 
— 7 — 
 
 opinions freely upon all the educational questions of the day, 
 and particularly upon the elective system, to which he chiefly 
 objected as calling for the employment of an unnecessarily 
 large number of instructors: and in return I endeavored to 
 explain to him the organization and working of the University 
 of Virginia. I hope that he understood my explanation. 
 
 We presently came to the city of Amaurote, the capital 
 of Utopia, and as we entered it, we had the good fortune to 
 meet with one of the chief philarchs of the city, who received 
 us with great courtesy. We told him our names and, in order 
 that he might know exactly who we were, our official posi- 
 tions ; but the latter, strangely enough, appeared to make but 
 little impression upon him. When, however, he understood 
 that we were teachers by vocation and were in quest of new 
 ideas, he gladly did all in his power to further our ends. 
 Modestly deprecating his own knowledge of the educational 
 system of Utopia, save as he had experienced its workings, 
 as had every citizen, he led us to a suburb of the city easy of 
 access and pleasantly situated along the banks of the Anyder, 
 where we saw a cluster of buildings, some larger, some smaller. 
 "Ah!" said I, "is that your university?" "That," said he, 
 "is where the University is." To one of these buildings, con- 
 veniently placed, he guided us and there presented us to the 
 Doxosophos, or head of the university. 
 
 Our new acquaintance was a man of mature years, fresh 
 and vigorous of mind and body, of commanding presence and 
 pleasing address. On learning our mission, he expressed his 
 readiness to show and to tell us all that lay in his power. He 
 was not, as he told us, at that time largely engaged with the 
 work of teaching, it being rather his duty to direct and co- 
 ordinate the labors of those who were so employed ; to council 
 
and assist the students according to their needs ; to study the 
 affairs of the commonwealth, and to so order the workings of 
 the university as to render it of the highest value to the public 
 weal. With discipline he had but little to do ; but that little 
 was done with firmness and with justice. He was surprised 
 to find how large a part the latter played in the activities of 
 college presidents in our land, and said that he should regard 
 it as a proof that the council had erred in selecting him for 
 his position, and should feel himself constrained to choose 
 some other vocation (which he was free to do) were he so 
 situated. He had been for years a teacher, and had been 
 chosen for his present office from among his colleagues be- 
 cause of his experience and fitness. He expressed great in- 
 terest and some amusement on learning that with us men 
 were often put in similar positions because they were popular 
 preachers, prominent politicians, (a vocation that we had to 
 explain to him), successful business men, or skillful physi- 
 cians ; and was pleased to learn that the percentage of failures 
 among such was no larger than it was. In Utopia, he said, 
 such a course would not be thought of; and that it would be 
 entirely unnecessary, as there were in the body of which he 
 was the head many who could ably fill his place when he 
 should vacate it. He spoke enthusiastically of his subordi- 
 nates, most of whom he had chosen himself, having been in 
 his present position for a number of years. To each of them 
 was assigned within his appropriate sphere full pbwer to act; 
 and upon each was laid in the same measure the responsibility 
 of success. His own authority, however, in the general affairs 
 and policy of the university was supreme ; and he would have 
 felt himself personally responsible had it failed of a high 
 measure of usefulness. Experience had taught them, he said, 
 
— 9 — 
 
 that in every regiment there must be several captains, each 
 over his own company ; but that there must be one colonel 
 in command. 
 
 I' may remark in passing that these were not his exact 
 words. Since old Hythloday had made the Utopians familiar 
 with the Greek language and literature, these had been a 
 favorite study with them, both on account of their beauty and 
 for their disciplinary value ; and the Doxosophos spoke Greek 
 quite as fluently as the Rector or myself. I make this report, 
 however, in English for obvious reasons, and have in some 
 instances (as in the one just cited), transferred his metaphors 
 to familiar form. 
 
 The expenses of the university were, he said, borne as a 
 matter of course, entirely by the state (at this my friend the 
 Rector winced a little ) ; it existed for the public welfare, its 
 end being to make intelligent and useful citizens, and in order 
 that all might freely enjoy its advantages to the full measure of 
 their abilities, there were no obstacles left in the way of any 
 that could possibly be removed. Distinctions of wealth and 
 poverty, I may note by the way, had small place with them ; 
 but this was in Utopia. " For they marvel that any men be so 
 foolish as to have delight and pleasure in the doubtful glisten- 
 ing of a little trifling stone, which may behold any of the stars, 
 or else the sun itself. Or that any man is so mad, as to count 
 himself the nobler for the smaller or finer thread of wool, 
 which self same wool ( be it now in ever so fine a spun thread ), 
 a sheep did once wear ; and yet was she all that time no other 
 thing than a sheep. They marvel also that gold, which of the 
 own nature is a thing so unprofitable, is now among all people 
 in so high estimation, that man himself, by whom, yea and for 
 the use of whom it is so much set by, is in less estimation than 
 
— 10 — 
 
 the gold itself. Insomuch, that a lumpish, block-headed churl, 
 and which hath no more 'wit than an ass, yea, and as full of 
 naughtiness as of folly, shall have nevertheless many wise and 
 good men in subjection and bondage, only for this, that he hath 
 a great heap of gold." That was in Sir Thomas More's time. 
 Of course, things are different now. At any rate, they all had 
 a fair chance at the University of Utopia. 
 
 Conversing thus upon divers matters, the Doxosophos led 
 the way to an adjoining building, where he said that some of 
 their most important work was done. I, of course, felt confi 
 dent that it must be a biological laboratory, while my friend 
 the Rector was equally sure that it was the lecture room for 
 what he called mental science ; it proved to be a large and 
 intelligently equipped gymnasium. Some of the appliances 
 for lofty trapeze work were absent, as were all facilities for 
 jumping through hoops on horseback ; the appointments were, 
 however, very much like though rather better than those of the 
 best establishments of the kind in our own universities at the 
 present day. With my usual readiness to impart information 
 to the unenlightened, I began to expatiate upon the Sargent 
 system of physical culture, and particularly upon its efficacy in 
 finding out the weak places of the body, and in some measure 
 mending them. The Doxosophos replied that patched was 
 certainly better than broken, but that they had learned by ex- 
 perience that it was wiser to keep a thing whole than to mend 
 it ; and that while it sometimes happened that students came 
 to them defective in body ( even as some were occasionally 
 born defective in mind ) and to such remedial treatment was 
 given, it was the aim of their whole system to preserve from 
 childhood the bodies of their young in health and vigor, seeing 
 that only in such bodies might they wisely expect vigorous and 
 wholesome minds 
 
— li- 
 lt then appeared, upon inquiry, that the system to which 
 he had frequently alluded, was one that included the whole 
 education, physical and mental, of the young, beginning in 
 something very much like our kindergartens the work which 
 the University completed. My friend the Rector inquired of 
 the Doxosophos if they had not had some difficulty in bringing 
 the common schools to the requirements of the University; to 
 which he replied that while they had had no experience (and 
 had indeed never made the attempt) as to the readiness with 
 which a house could be built under a roof already fashioned, 
 they never had any trouble in framing the roof to the structure 
 of the house ; though experience had shown it still wiser to 
 build all according to a well perfected plan. This they did 
 alike in the training of the body and the education of the 
 mind, which they divorce not from each other. 
 
 The Doxosophos said farther, in answer to our question, 
 that they counted this bodily discipline profitable in itself, 
 and for this reason : "They be much inclined to this opinion, 
 to think no kind of pleasure forbidden, whereof cometh no 
 harm." "They make divers kinds of pleasures. Some they 
 attribute to the soul, and some to the body. To the soul they 
 give intelligence and that delectation that cometh of the con- 
 templation of truth : hereunto is joined the pleasant remem- 
 brance of the good life past. The pleasure of the body they 
 divide into two parts : the first is where delectation is sensibly 
 felt and perceived. The second part of pleasure, they say, is 
 that which consisteth and resteth in the quiet and upright 
 state of the body ; and that truly is every man's own proper 
 health, intermingled and disturbed with no grief. For this, 
 if it be not letted nor assaulted with no grief, is delectable 
 of itself, though it be moved with no external nor outward 
 
— 12 — 
 
 pleasure : for though it be not so plain and manifest to the 
 sense as the greedy lust of drinking and eating, yet neverthe- 
 less many take it for their chiefest pleasure." 
 
 My friend the Rector, whose mind had ever a practical 
 turn, here inquired if they had found that their students took 
 enough interest in the work in question to justify the addi- 
 tional expense. This question was evidently unexpected and 
 somewhat puzzling to the Doxosophos ; for he made no answer 
 directly, and fell into a fit of musing, from which he presently 
 roused himself; and with the air of one to whom new possi- 
 bilities of human nature had been made suddenly known, 
 inquired of us whether or no the youth of our country cared 
 sufficiently about the daily nourishment of their bodies to 
 make it worth while to set food before them. We both replied 
 in one breath in the affirmative to what seemed to us at first a 
 surprising question ; whereupon he made no farther comment. 
 
 Continuing to discourse upon bodily exercises, we inquired 
 of the Doxosophos whether with them the minds of the young 
 tended not largely to games and idle sports. " Truly," said he, 
 "but why call you them idle? For we count these of great 
 value indeed unto our youth, so that they be used with discre- 
 tion ; not merely for the pleasure thereof, though this we value 
 duly, nor yet so much for that they minister to the bodily 
 health of them that partake therein, though this they do 
 greatly ; but far more in that these games, and more particu- 
 larly those in which the partakers thereof contest together for 
 the mastery, either singly, as in wrestling, leaping and other 
 manly exercises, or in parties (as in divers games with spheres 
 which be thrown, or struck, or kicked within fixed bounds), do 
 beget in the users thereof a courageous and dauntless spirit ; 
 joined tg a control and mastery not only oyer their limbs and 
 
— 13— 
 
 bodies, but more especially over their minds and the natural 
 rashness of their tempers ; so that they who thus strive, and 
 they be the most part of our youth, are trained when they 
 come to man's estate to contend wisely in their affairs ; and 
 also in the affairs of the commonwealth, each to outdo the 
 other in honorable service to the public weal ; and this without 
 jealously or wrath at the greater excellence of others. More- 
 over," said he, "experience hath taught us that a man, being 
 naturally of sluggish and unready mind, though otherwise of 
 good parts, if he enter often into argument with his fellowmen 
 not only in weighty mattery, but in lighter ones as well, may 
 indeed become of ready and even of nim*ble wit ; so if a youth, 
 though sound of body, be somewhat loutish, in striving against 
 other, he becometh far more ready and alert ; wherefore we 
 regard these sports even as the wit and humor of the body ; 
 and we provide that such be used freely, caring only that they 
 be used with wisdom." 
 
 The Rector and myself joined in saying that the University 
 of Utopia had certainly made ample provision for the physical 
 education of its students ; to which the Doxosophos replied 
 that this was not all, but that there was still other, that some 
 accounted of even greater value than that which we had seen. 
 So saying, he conducted us to another building. "Ah !" said I, 
 upon entering, " this is your mechanical laboratory." " This," 
 said he, "is where we train at once, and in accord, the eye, the 
 brain, and the hand." "I suppose," said the Rector, "those 
 come here who expect to work for a living." "Who does 
 not?" replied the Doxosophos, with the same puzzled air that 
 we had once or twice observed before. The students were at 
 work; and as we passed from place to place I noticed that 
 far more attention was paid by them (and required by their 
 
— 14 — 
 
 instructor^) to the accuracy and precision with which all was 
 done than to the number of pieces turned out ; and that while 
 tardiness or dilatory conduct was sharply reproved, hastiness 
 and satisfaction with imperfect work were no less strongly cen- 
 sured. In response to an inquiry, we learned that all who 
 entered the university were required to pursue this work 
 in some measure, and this without regard to their future 
 vocation: that while gymnastic training secured health and 
 strength, and the games alertness and readiness of body, the 
 accurate control of the muscles and particularly of the hands 
 came better this way ; while the nice subjection of the muscles 
 to the control of the will essential to the finer works of pre- 
 cision which students were here called upon to perform was of 
 inestimable value to them all. The Doxosophos said that they 
 had observed that what was often called presence of mind in 
 great emergency was usually, if not always, the consciousness 
 that the body was perfectly in command : that it was the 
 awkward and untrained who were timorous and faint of heart : 
 "wherefore," said he, "though we count it no mean thing 
 that each should know the use of tools, yet we esteem beyond 
 measure the discipline of the will." 
 
 I noticed that our guide always spoke of students ; and 
 presently I saw that among those engaged in these exercises 
 were young women as well as young men. As a representative 
 of the most conservative foundation in America I felt it my 
 duty (officially), to inquire if both sexes were admitted to 
 the university. "And why not?" replied the Doxosophos 
 promptly, apparently resolved to be no longer surprised at any 
 of our queries. He went on to say that with them the state 
 was simply the exponent of the people ; that it existed entirely 
 for their welfare ; and that to shut out one half of them from 
 
— 15 — 
 
 privileges enjoyed by the others would seem to them rank 
 injustice. " I know not," said he, " how it may appear to you." 
 In reply to the query of the Rector whether they thought 
 women capable of the same education as men, he replied that 
 a man began ill who thought meanly of his parents; "and" 
 said he, " my mother was a woman." With regard to the par- 
 ticular work before us, he said that just as in the gymnasium 
 their tasks were proportioned to their lesser natural strength, 
 so here they were given lighter tools and less resisting mater- 
 ials ; but the discipline in view was still the same. I was about 
 to say something about the relative practical value of the use 
 of tools to women and to men ; but I remembered what a 
 botch an American woman usually makes of it when she tries 
 to smash her thumb with a hammer, and kept silence. 
 
 From here we went to other buildings. We found indeed 
 biological and other laboratories, lecture rooms and seminaries ; 
 museums of natural history, and of economic products (in 
 which they greatly excel ) ; central to all was a large and wisely 
 ordered library. Work was everywhere in progress. The 
 Doxosophos was evidently as familiar with each of these as 
 with the hall in which, as he told us with an air of fond 
 remembrance, he had himself lectured for many years. Into 
 the details of what we saw I need not enter here. One does 
 not need to leave America to see good teaching done. Every- 
 where, however, we found a common purpose : to encourage 
 and direct the labor of the student ; to stimulate and strength- 
 en the mental powers ; to train and develop the reason, the 
 judgment, and the inward vision. Honest, faithful work was 
 everywhere required ; discipline was firm and kind ; govern- 
 ment was first just and then generous ; far more was made of 
 merit than of demerit. 
 
— 16 — 
 
 Returning to the office of the Doxosophos, we entered into 
 a free discussion of the purpose of the work that we had seen. 
 He told us that it was their first care, in the rearing of their 
 youth, to see to it that their bodies be kept sound and well, 
 and be brought to the full development of their powers ; as 
 much as this, he said, they did even for their horses and cattle ; 
 how much more then for their children. Inasmuch, however, 
 as the mind of man is more and other than the spirit of a 
 brute that goeth downward unto the earth, so they more 
 earnestly sought to keep in the like health and vigor and to 
 bring to their best condition the powers and qualities of the 
 mind ; and more than all to quicken and inspire the heart 
 and soul to nobleness and excellence of life, wherein alone is 
 felicity. " For they think no felicity to rest in all pleasure, 
 but only in that pleasure that is good and honest; and that 
 hereto as to perfect blessedness our nature is allured and 
 drawn even of virtue, t^hereto only they that be of the con- 
 trary opinion do attribute felicity. For these define virtue to 
 be life ordered according to nature, and that we be hereunto 
 ordained of God. And that he doth follow the course of 
 nature who in desiring and refusing things is led by reason. 
 Furthermore, that reason doth chiefly and principally kindle 
 in men the love and reveration of the divine majesty. Of 
 whose goodness it is that we be, and that we be in possibility 
 to attain felicity." 
 
 To this end, said he, they studied carefully to find such 
 means as may best serve ; even as they had devised many ma- 
 chines for the training of the body: one serving for this part 
 and one for that. And just as there were many feats of great 
 value in the gymnastic training of the body that few have need 
 to practice in after-life, so there were many studies whose mas- 
 
— 17- 
 
 tery was of passing worth, which yet had little market value. 
 ^' Whoso," said he, "climbeth with hard labor a steep and 
 lofty mountain, is ofttimes the better man for it, though he 
 carry nothing from the summit but a vision." 
 
 Unto the furtherance of this end they attribute alike great 
 value to the study of Nature, both of the things that are, in 
 their order, and of the forces that work therein ; deeming it a 
 reproach that any should walk blindly in a world of order and 
 beauty:, to the study of the Languages and writings of other 
 people ( as of their own as well) ; holding that he will think the 
 more nobly in his own mind who deals often with the noblest 
 thoughts of others, even though such are dwellers in foreign 
 lands, or long since dead : to the study of Mathematics, which 
 they regard as of sovereign value ; as also to Logic, which is 
 near akin to it, though in an old-fashioned manner ; for " as 
 they in all things be almost equal to our old ancient clerks, so 
 our newer logicians in subtle inventions have far passed and 
 gone beyond them. For they have not devised one of all those 
 rules of restrictions, amplifications, and suppositions very 
 wittily invented in the small logicals which here children in 
 every place do learn. Furthermore, they were never yet able 
 to find put the second intentions ; insomuch that none of them 
 all could ever see man himself in common, as they call him, 
 though he be (as you know), bigger than was any giant, yea, 
 and pointed to by us even with our finger. But nevertheless, 
 they be in the course of the stars and the movings of the 
 heavenly spheres very expert and cunning." 
 
 They account of like if not of greater value the study of 
 History, alike of their own and of other nations, looking upon 
 these as treasure houses of experience whereby they may be 
 wisely guided to their profit : of Psychology, in which they 
 
— 18 — 
 
 diligently endeavor to know the workings of the mind itself, 
 even as by Physiology they know the body, in order that they 
 may use each wisely (but they confound not the two); and 
 of Philosophy, which they count highest of all ; " for while 
 they by the help of this philosophy search out the secret mys- 
 teries of nature, they think themselves to receive thereby not 
 only wonderful great pleasures, but also to obtain great thanks 
 and favor of the Author and Maker thereof ; whom they think 
 to have set forth the marvelous and gorgeous frame of the 
 world for man with great affection intentively to behold ; whom 
 only He hath made of wit and capacity to consider and under- 
 stand the excellency of so great a work. And therefore He 
 beareth, say they, more good will and love to the curious and 
 diligent beholder of his work, and marvelor at the same, than 
 He doth to him which like a very brute beast without wit or 
 reason, or as one without sense or moving, hath no regard to 
 so great and wonderful a spectacle." " For the most and wisest 
 part believe that there is a certain godly power unknown, ever- 
 lasting, incomprehensible, inexplicable, far above the capacity 
 and reach of man's wit, diffused throughout all the world, not 
 in bigness, but in virtue and power. Him they call the Father 
 of all ; to Him alone they attribute the beginnings, the increas- 
 ings, the proceedings, the changes, and the ends of all things. 
 Neither give they divine honors to any other than to Him." 
 
 When the Doxosophos had told us these things, we 
 inquired still further whether, having a common end in view, 
 all were brought thereto in one and the same manner; or 
 whether each was allowed to choose for himself what studies 
 he preferred. He told us that neither of these was true; that 
 when they sat at meat, one would eat chiefly of this dish and 
 another of that, and so all be fed ; and yet they gave not to 
 
— 19 — 
 
 children the key of the store-room. He said further, that 
 while he who planted wheat gave it other tillage than he that 
 would raise potatoes, yet all were nourished in the same soil, 
 wet by the same rain, and thrived in the same sunlight. Cer- 
 tain things, therefore, they bade all do in common; while 
 among others they had freedom of choice ; nevertheless, if 
 they chose not wisely, he might still forbid them. 
 
 He said also that this was not all: that the State were 
 indeed repaid if its labors made its citizens sound of body and 
 wise of mind unto virtue : but that as those who lived wisely 
 sought ever to live usefully ; and those who had received most 
 from the Commonwealth sought most to recompense the same ; 
 they had ever in view these ends : that all should be instructed 
 and inspired to citizenship, as well as to that vocation for 
 which each was best fitted. To the former purpose they 
 taught all diligently in the history of their own nation ; in the 
 constitution of its government; and in those laws which most 
 concerned them in the intelligent performance of their public 
 duties. " They have but few laws : for to a people so instruct 
 and institute very few do suffice. Yea, this thing they chiefly 
 reprove among other nations, that innumerable books of laws 
 and expositions upon the same be not sufficient. But they 
 think it against all right and justice that men should be bound 
 to those laws, which either be in number more than be able to 
 be read, or else blinder and darker than that any man can 
 well understand them." Finally, since they count it every 
 man's privilege to be fit not only for citizenship, but for use- 
 fulness as well, and their duty therefore to instruct them 
 wisely, so they provide further that each, as he comes to 
 maturity, choosing in his own mind the vocation of his life, 
 shall be instructed largely in those principles on which his 
 
— 20 — 
 
 vocation may depend, and (as much as lies in their power) to 
 teach them the very art and practice of that vocation. And 
 they would count it a shame unto them that any should go 
 forth from them to be a laughing-stock among men because 
 he knew not what to do, nor yet how to do anything wisely. 
 Their women, because upon most of them will fall the care of 
 home, they instruct largely in the affairs of the household : not 
 merely in baking and mending, though these be no vain mat- 
 ters ; but in those higher things which make the home of man 
 to differ from the lair of the brute, or the hut of the savage 
 (whom they count not yet wholly human). Yet if any woman 
 findeth herself fit and called to other vocation, her they hinder 
 not in anywise, desiring rather that her gifts and talents be 
 made most serviceable to the Commonwealth ; for this, say 
 they, is the true end of the University. 
 
 When the Doxosophos had thus finished laying before us 
 the working of the University, the Rector asked him if they 
 made no provision for a liberal education. " I know not," re- 
 plied he, " what you call liberal ; but if that which bringeth to 
 the full development of the mind and body ; which quickeneth 
 and ennobleth the spirit, and which fitteth for that highest use- 
 fulness in which we find the highest happiness, be not worthy 
 the name ; even if we do at the best imperfectly, as I know 
 full well we do, then I pray you show me what is : if there be a 
 more excellent way, I fain would know it." " But " said my 
 companion, " this is for everybody." " Certainly," was the 
 answer; '' for why, in the institution of the weal publique, this 
 end is only and chiefly pretended and minded, that what time 
 may possibly be spared from the necessary occupations and 
 afiairs of the Commonwealth, all that the citizens should with- 
 draw from the bodily service to the free liberty of the mind and 
 
— 21 — 
 
 the garnishing of the same. For herein they suppose the 
 felicity of this life to consist." " But," said the Rector, " have 
 you no education for gentlemen of leisure?" and seeing a 
 look of inquiry upon the other's face, he added, ^' for those 
 who have nothing to do, you know ? " '' Oh," said the Doxos- 
 ophos, "we have indeed a discipline for such, and that right 
 efficient, though they be but few in number ; but not here : it 
 is administered in an institution founded for that purpose, 
 which is known in our ancient tongue as Bocardo ; but in our 
 modern speech as Career." 
 
 In disquisitions, such as this, it is customary, when the 
 author has gone as far as he thinks the credulity or the pa- 
 tience of his hearers will bear with him, to say " and I awoke, 
 and behold, it was a dream," or words to that eflfect. I shall 
 refrain from doing likewise, partly out of respect for the aged 
 phrase, but rather because I am not so sure, after all, that 
 it is all a dream. Utopia exists only in the pleasing fancies 
 of Sir Thomas More : but was he a dreamer ? 
 
 No. This sometime Lord Chancellor of England, who 
 "was (as witnesseth Erasmus) a man of singular virtue and 
 of a clear, unspotted conscience, more pure and white than the 
 whitest snow, and of such angelical wit as England never had 
 the like before nor ever shall again" was no dreamer. This 
 under-sheriff of London, of whom it was true that " there was 
 at that time in none of the Princes' Courts of the realm any 
 matter of importance wherein he was not with one party of 
 counsel," and who, when advocate for the Pope's embassador 
 in a civil suit against the Crown, so conducted the affair as to 
 win a verdict against his monarch, and at the same time win 
 the good will of that monarch so completely "for his upright 
 and commendable demeanor therein, so greatly renowned, that 
 
— 22 — 
 
 for no entreaty would the King from henceforth be induced 
 to forego his service," was no dreamer. This Speaker of the 
 House of Commons, who first won from an English monarch 
 the concession that members of the House might henceforth 
 speak forth their minds freely and honestly in criticism of the 
 Crown, and who in his place could set at naught the wish of 
 the greatest of English Cardinals because it consisted not with 
 the welfare of the people, was no dreamer. And he who when 
 prime minister of England could withstand the will of Henry 
 the Eighth, even when court and parliament and the church 
 itself had become pliant to his wish, nay, when cast down from 
 his high office was the one private citizen in all England 
 against whose sense of right and honor the monarch durst not 
 sin too far, and whose life was therefore made the price of his 
 integrity, was no dreamer. 
 
 It was no dreamer, but a wise and loving father, who could 
 admonish his children, " to take virtue and learning for their 
 meat and play but for their sauce ; " who could say to them in 
 his hour of greatest prosperity, " It is now no mastery for you 
 children to go to heaven, for everybody giveth you good coun- 
 sel, everybody giveth you good example ; you see virtue 
 rewarded, and vice punished, so that you are carried up to 
 heaven by the chins ; but if you live in the time that no man 
 will give you good counsel, nor no man will give you good ex- 
 ample, when you shall see virtue punished and vice rewarded, 
 if you will then stand fast, and firmly stick to God on pain of 
 life, if you be but half good, God will allow you for whole 
 good." It was no dreamer, but a just and courageous magis- 
 trate, who could say in a corrupt and venial age, when urged 
 for favor for friendship sake,/' this one thing I assure thee, on 
 my faith, that if the parties will at my hands call for justice, 
 
— 23 — 
 
 thfen were it my father stood on the one side, and the devil on 
 the other side, so, his cause being good, the devil should have 
 right." It was no dreamer, but a wise statesman and a devoted 
 patriot. Who could say from the depths of his heart, when 
 speaking his desire that war and strife might cease, and that 
 the nations might be enlightened; that monarchs might be 
 pure and upright both in private and in public life ; and that 
 religious faith might be purified, and freedom of thought estab- 
 lished, " so these things might be in Christendom, would to 
 God I were tied in a sack and presently cast into the Thames." 
 It was no dreamer, no failure, no ascetic weary of life, but a 
 brave, upright, warm-hearted man, full to the last of life, and 
 hope and courage, who. when it came to the resort that he 
 must die or a monarch's desire be balked, could say with a 
 light heart and cheerful countenance, as he stood at the foot of 
 the scaffold, " I pray you, Mr. Lieutenant, see me safely up, 
 and for my coming down, let me shift for myself." From that 
 scaffold he never came down ; but went upward to that realm 
 for which he longed : that perfect Commonwealth where war 
 and tumults cease ; where faith and truth are one ; whose King 
 eternal rules in everlasting love and righteousness. His head- 
 less body long since mouldered into dust ; but on that scaffold 
 died as brave a man and true a martyr for God and humanity 
 as ever stood at stake. Was he a dreamer ? 
 
 He did indeed look forward to (may I not say foresee?) a 
 time when men should work together for a common good; 
 when peace should have her victories far more than war ; when 
 each should think far more of duty than of right; when all 
 should bear each other's burdens, thus fulfilling the eternal 
 law. What social order must exist that this might be, he 
 doubtless never knew; he surely did not show us: nor have 
 
— 24 — 
 
 any made it plain, from Plato down to Edward Bellamy: nor 
 yet can any one foresee what lies within the nearing future. 
 For that new order can not be by schemes or plans of those 
 who say, ''Lo, here," "Lo, there." It cometh not by observa- 
 tion: its source, and vital power must be within us. New 
 systems of society are as easily invented as new religions ; can 
 catch as many hasty followers; and die as quickly: but the 
 order and the faith that are to endure had their foundations 
 laid nearly two thousand years ago. The new order will be 
 not a replacement, but a development of the old order : it has 
 ever been so, since the morning stars sang together at the 
 beginning of that wondrous evolution of the Eternal Mind 
 which we as yet so faintly comprehend. 
 
 We can not tell what that new order will be like : of one 
 thing, however, we may be very sure ; that it will never be one 
 that destroys or limits that personal freedom and responsibility 
 that makes the humblest of our race of more value than many 
 sparrows ; the priceless gift of individuality. 
 
 "Thought, conscience, will, to make them all thine own. 
 He rent a pillar from the eternal throne!" 
 
 — and that celestial column shall never be buried in the mire 
 of bodily and social ease. The new order that is coming, that 
 has been coming day by day since the birth at Bethlehem, and 
 that will be coming still until the perfect day, will never make 
 less but always more of personal freedom and volition ; it will 
 make far more and more again of personal responsibility : the 
 battle, physical and intellectual, for the rights of man as man 
 has raged for centuries ; that nobler and intenser struggle, 
 whose weapons are not carnal, where the foe is self, and whose 
 end is to exalt before all else the duty of man as man has only 
 just begun. In the new order, wiser laws will not make bet- 
 
— 25 — 
 
 ter men, but better men will ordain wiser laws ; statutes will 
 not make men honest, but honest men will make the statutes, 
 and for honest purposes ; communism will not make men 
 thrifty, but thrift and prudence joined with honest industry 
 and equal opportunity will make communes unnecessary. 
 Then as now, according to nieji's natural abilities, one man's 
 pound shall gain two pounds, another's five, another's ten; but 
 wealth will not be gained too rapidly when it is gained in 
 honesty and justice and used with wisdom and benevolence. 
 Are these but empty platitudes? The hope that they may 
 yet be true, is it but the vision of a dreamer ? That war and 
 strife might cease, and justice reign supreme, not only between 
 nations, but between man and man; between capital and 
 labor ; between corporations and the people ; between em- 
 ployer and employe: that men might be enlightened and 
 inspired in their daily life by faith and knowledge ; that kings 
 and governments alike might be both pure and upright, ruling 
 in wisdom and unselfishness for the people's good : " So that 
 these things might be in Christendom !" 
 
 May they not be ? They can, they will be. But they can 
 be only through the action of those agencies which train and 
 influence the individual man, and so work as a leaven that 
 leaveneth the whole lump. Prominent among these agencies, 
 though of a potency for good as yet but hardly tested, are our 
 educational institutions of every grade. The common schools 
 have their place ; the high schools have their place ; the col- 
 leges have their place. Even the " University " of Skowhegan 
 has its place ; strip it of its pretensions ; let it be what it is 
 able to be ; let it do a little well, rather than pretend to do a 
 great deal that it cannot do at all, and it may be of the highest 
 usefulness ; there are such here in Ohio, and there are other 
 
— 26 — 
 
 foundations here that are an honor to the state ; much has 
 been said of the multiplicity of Ohio colleges; would they 
 were more rather than fewer, so they were all such as some of 
 them. One of them I know, which has been for half a century 
 a power for lasting good, making constantly not only for cul- 
 ture, but for character as well. As the result of its influence 
 upon its immediate surroundings, ten per cent, of the young 
 men and women of the county in which it stands who are of 
 collegiate age are in college there or elsewhere. Did this high 
 ratio obtain throughout the state this institution would have 
 to-day two thousand students. Why should it not? For great 
 as is the power for good of schools and colleges, the university 
 rightly ordered must excel them all. Men still question, as 
 did my friend the Rector, the right of the state to offer higher 
 education. It is not only her right, it is her privilege and her 
 solomn duty, for her own safety (which means simply for the 
 welfare of the people, of whom and for whom she is), to crown 
 her educational system with a noble university. 
 
 I have not yet ventured to say to you what such a univer- 
 sity should be like. He who attempts to show by similitudes 
 the proportions of great things may fail rightly to measure 
 them, he cannot fail to measure himself. He wrote himself 
 great among the poets of the world who said of the greatest 
 of Americans: 
 
 " His was no mountain peak of mind, 
 
 Thrusting to thin air through its cloudy bars; 
 
 A sea mark now, now lost in vapors blind; 
 
 Broad prairie rather, fruitful, level lined, 
 
 Yet near to heaven, and loved of loftiest stars." 
 
 And were I today to seek a simile for my purpose, I know 
 of none more apt than this which I have quoted. Is the uni- 
 
— 27 — 
 
 versity that can today best minister to the real needs of our 
 civilization, the university of the people, by the people and for 
 the people, an Alpine eminence, along which many wearily 
 climb, but whose summit few can hope to reach? grand indeed 
 to behold, but difficult of access? shall we not rather picture it 
 as a broad and fertile field, well tilled by diligent and intelli- 
 gent labor, enriched by the wisdom of the ages ; watered by 
 perennial streams of bounty, of genial exposure to the life- 
 giving light of truth ? From it shall come abundant harvest : as 
 here to-day, so year by year, shall be gathered a goodly num- 
 ber, sixty and an hundred fold ; not of mere farmers, not of 
 mere mechanics, not of mere merchants, of teachers, of en- 
 gineers, of doctors, of lawyers, not even of mere preachers; but 
 of men : men who on the farm, or in the factory, or counting 
 room, in school or college, or at the mine or furnace, or in the 
 courts of justice, or at the bedside of the sick, or in the affairs 
 of state, or in the ministry of the eternal word, are first and 
 always men : men of sound and vigorous bodies, of well-trained 
 hands, of accurate, clear, and ready thought ; of pure and 
 honest hearts ; men who whatever their vocation (I had almost 
 said whether high or low, but is there high or low in honest 
 livelihood?) strive earnestly each in his own place, in the spirit 
 of old knighthood at its best, '' for the glory of God and the 
 relief of man's estate." Such the yearly harvest ; but more 
 enduring growths shall not be wanting, whose kindly shade 
 shall gently temper the fervor of the noonday toil. Here, the 
 sturdy oaks of science ; there, the strong and stately elms of 
 literature ; here, like a noble pine tree, with straight unswerv- 
 ing, heaven-aspiring shaft, divine philosophy ; and in the midst 
 of all, and fairer than all, that tree whose leaves, never so 
 needed as in this hour of strife and bitterness between man 
 
— 28 — 
 
 and man, are for the healing of the nations; whose stem is 
 duty ; and whose unseen, far-reaching root is faith. 
 
 People of Columbus, what part have you in this matter? 
 Seventeen years ago began in yonder building among obsta- 
 cles that few can realize the work whose fruition it is yours to 
 see. A handful of students, little more than half as many as 
 to-day receive the honors which reward their years of patient 
 work : a half dozen devoted teachers striving with earnest 
 hearts to solve a problem then almost untouched. To-day this 
 institution boasts for students not scores but hundreds of the 
 best young men and women of the State ; the little band of 
 workers has become a noble faculty of strong men, as earnest 
 and devoted as at first ; they would be more so were it possible. 
 The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts has become the 
 University of Ohio. Founded by the national government for 
 the liberal and practical education of the people of the state, 
 she has never swerved from her high calling, but has sought 
 ever and faithfully to fulfill her mission, and ever with a 
 broader and more generous purpose. The field has been well 
 tilled; and ample harvests have gone forth. Her sons and 
 daughters, who gather loyally at her call to-day, are every- 
 where throughout the state in every walk in life, doing her 
 name abundant honor ; these are indeed her jewels. What has 
 Columbus done ? 
 
 I am not here to chide. I could not if I would say aught 
 of censure to the city that I love far more than any spot on 
 earth ; but I, who now stand outside ; who to-day have no part 
 
— 29-^ 
 
 or lot in this University, save that which time and space cannot 
 take from me; I may surely ask, what will Columbus do ? 
 
 Shall seventeen years more elapse before a single citizen of 
 Columbus shall by his works show forth his faith in the future 
 of the University ? Is there no Johns Hopkins here ? No Ezra 
 Cornell, who shall make this foundation sure against the peril 
 of the politician by endowing it on such conditions as shall 
 make its spoliation forever more impossible ? A library is the 
 very heart and center of a university ; has Columbus no Enoch 
 Pratt, to plant upon this campus a monument to his enduring 
 honor? Here has served the state in double function but 
 with single heart for many years, one whom the city surely 
 loves ; whom all Ohio honors ; whose name stands high through- 
 out the land among the workers in his chosen field; the gath- 
 ered riches of his years of toil stand to-day in constant peril ; 
 an hour's fire in yonder building would destroy them ; whose 
 high privilege will it be to build the Orton Museum of Geology? 
 Must Ohio wait for some Eeander McCormick from Minneap- 
 olis, or far away Tacoma, to plant within her borders a well 
 appointed and endowed observatory? Who will win the last- 
 ing gratitude of these young men — aye, and women, too — by 
 building here a well equipped gymnasium ? Does any fear that 
 a low ideal of availability will one day thrust aside the study of 
 the humanities? The remedy is easy : well-endowed professor- 
 ships will make their calling and election sure. . Does any one 
 desire, as do my former colleagues here, that young men and 
 women of talent might remain here for original research, and 
 thus repay directly to the state her toil for them ? Who will 
 endow fellowships to that end ? My friends, I wish that 1 
 could tell you half of what I know of the hard struggles by which 
 some of those who to-day stand highest among the graduates 
 
— 30 — 
 
 of the University have achieved their purpose ; what obstacles 
 they have overcome ; what oppositions they have conquered ; 
 what want and penury they have endured that they might 
 finish their course. Who will found scholarships for such as 
 these ? 
 
 And when shall these things be? Shall it be seventeen 
 years from now, or seventy ? or to-day ? Columbus counts 
 among her citizens scores of men whose means are as ample 
 for such gifts as these as I am sure their hearts are willing. 
 I know them that they are neither selfish nor sordid. I do 
 more than vex my lungs when I thus cite them to these oppor- 
 tunities. But for every one who has it in his power to give 
 such gifts as these there are countless numbers who can give 
 far more ; a gift of passing worth. I ask of none of you to- 
 day a single dollar for the University : I only ask that you 
 who have the means to give such gifts as I have mentioned, 
 should ask yourselves whether she be not worthy of them. 
 But I do ask of all who hear my voice to-day, and all who 
 dwell within the city's farthest bounds, for her a gift worth 
 more than all. I ask for her your hearts; your earnest love; 
 your constant sympathy ; your faithful, active, tireless interest 
 it! her welfare. If you will give her this, I know the rest will 
 follow ; for where your heart is there will your treasure soon 
 be also. Will you not give her this? 
 
 For this you all can give. Have you sons and daughters 
 to educate? Ask yourself first if this is not the place for 
 them, and if so, send them here ; but if it is not, recognizing 
 that what may be best adapted to the needs of the whole state 
 is not necessarily the best for every person in it, send them 
 elsewhere ; and God speed them ! but send your good will and 
 sympathy to the University no less: think not that because 
 
— 31 — 
 
 your son or daughter is not here, that therefore you have no 
 part nor lot in this matter. Are you a son of Harvard, or of 
 Yale? of Williams, Amherst, Princeton, or of any other ? Be 
 loyal to your Alma Mater to the core ; let none replace her for 
 an hour in your heart ; would you send your own boy where he 
 may be inspired by the traditions of his father's studious and 
 exemplary life? Do so by all means (:f you are quite sure 
 of the traditions) ; but need that hinder you from seeking for 
 the young men and women of Ohio the amplest opportunities? 
 Are you committed by various ties to Oberlin, or Marietta? 
 to Delaware, or Wooster, or Dennison? These and others are 
 honored names of noble foundations, whom you do well to 
 serve : but shall there be jealousy among the laborers in a 
 common field, where not one-fortieth of the yearly crop is gar- 
 nered? Can any one of you find cause, then, why you may 
 not give this University your earnest sympathy? May I not 
 ask it for her once again ? 
 
 If you will give it her ; if you, people of Columbus, will 
 have her welfare always on your hearts ; will seek her interests 
 wherever you have opportunity, and seek for opportunity ; will 
 cleave to her through ill report and good report ; will bear with 
 her mistakes, and strive in sympathy and friendship to correct 
 them ; will be not weary in well doing, waiting patiently for 
 results ; will guard her watchfully, unselfishly, when in peril, 
 and rejoice in her prosperity with her ; will study how to do 
 her good, and make her feel the nearness of your interest, it 
 cannot well be told how much her power for usefulness may be 
 increased. I know the honest minds, the earnest purposes of 
 those that labor here. I know how they have toiled from year 
 to year with singleness of heart and brave resolve ; mistakes 
 they sometimes have made, as I know full well, for I have 
 
OCr ±c 
 
 3 1900 
 
 — 32 — 
 
 helped them make them ; your criticisms have not been want- 
 ing then, nor have they failed to profit by them ; but have you 
 always smote them friendly? The University is yours to-day 
 to make or mar : not open and avowed hostility alone, but mere 
 indifiference and cold neglect will hinder and dishearten them ; 
 while kind forbearance, heartfelt sympathy, and patient, cor- 
 dial aid will strengthen and uphold their hands. With these, 
 the University shall go on from strength to strength, and yearly 
 grow to more and more of useful service. It shall come to be 
 a power for good of wide-spread and far-reaching influence ; a 
 source of life, and light, and truth ; an inspiration to high 
 usefulness and nobleness of living: a mighty agency for pure 
 and honest government in city and in State. " So that these 
 things might be in Christendom !" that they might be in this 
 our land, this State, and this beloved city ! So should be 
 fulfilled therein not the mere fancy of the idle dreamer, but 
 the statesman's highest vision: so should this land become, 
 indeed, not Utopia, the land that is not — and that can not be — 
 but Butopia ; the true, the beautiful, the noble land ! 
 
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