; .^^^^ \m^im: .vv^. -^^0^ o > '^o '^0^ 'oK 1: -ov*^ :^^'^ -"--o^ :« ^"-n^. '>- ^°-n^. "^ , ' • • ' % Souvenir Program OF THE Vv, .♦♦♦♦ 0mm B ♦♦♦♦ ©tttzma dommttt?^ 36^ National Encampment V ^ '? OF THE Grand Army of the Republic iaalitngton. i. ffi. October 1903 £~4-G '^ Ai^^ 6 -9, Va!^' 'j^.^n.-^-\v- 18 N'O :( Press of Byron S. Adams, Washinston, D. C. Tr0ci:ntin SUNDAY, OCTOBER 5th. Religious Services in Keunion (irounds (Camp Roosevelt). MONDAY, OCTOBER 6th. 4.30 P. M. — Dedication Camp Roosevelt: Address, Hon. .Toii.v Hay. 8 P. M.— Campfire, Convention Hall. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7th. 9 A. M. — Ladies' Aid Society Sons of Veterans, Hall U. V. 1.., No. 910 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W. 10 A. M. — Parade Naval Veterans, Ex-Prisoners of War. 1 P. M.— Reception at Mother Bickerdyke Tent, Camp Roose- velt, by Mrs. Ellen S. Mussey and others. 2 P. M. — Reunion of Women's Patriotic Orders, Camp Roose- velt, Farragut Tent, Mrs. Ellen S. Mussey, Chair- man. 3-5 P. M. — Reception at Pension Office. 8 P. M. — Welcome to Commander-in-Ch.ief of the Grand Army of the Republic and Auxiliary Bodies at Convention Hall. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8th. 10 A. M.— Parade of Grand Army of the Republic and Review- by the President of the United States. Women's Receptions at Convention Hall. Music by Marine Band. 7-8 P. M.— Ladies of G. A. R , Mrs. Emma Wall, National President, and Staff will receive General Ell Tor- rance, Commander-in-Chief Grand Army of the Republic, and Staff. 8-9 P. M.— Woman's Relief Corps, Mrs. Calista Robinson Jones, National President, and Staff, Reception to General Ell Torrance, Commander-in-Chief of Grand Army of the Republic, and his Official Staff. 9-10.30 P. M.— Women's Citizens Committee, Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey, Chairman, assisted by ladies of Com- mittee ; National Association Army Nurses Civil War, Mrs. Delia A. B. Fay, President, and Staff; Woman's Relief Corps, Mrs. Calista Robinson Jones, National President, and Staff; Ladies of the G. A. R., 3Irs. Emma Wall, National Presi- • dent, and Staff; Daughters of Veterans, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Stanley, National President, and Staff; Ladies' Aid Society Sons of Veterans, Mr:^. Lida Tomer Miller, National President, and Staff ; National Association Ladies' Naval Veterans, U. S. A., Mrs. Margaret B. Dixon, President, and Staff- Women's National Association Auxiliary to Union Ex-Prisoners of War, Mrs. Wm. Paul, President, and Staff ; National Relief Union of Union Veteran Union, Mrs. Belle S. Morgan, President, and Staff, will receive the Grand Army of the Republic, Naval Veterans U. S. A.: all other veteran organizations and auxiliary bodies. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9th. 9 A. M. — Convention National Association, Army Nurses of Civil War, Washington Club, 1710 I St., N. W. 3.30 P. M. — Reception to visiting comrades by National Presi- dent, Mrs. Delia A. B. Fay, and Staff. 9 A. M. — Twentieth Annual Convention, Woman's Relief Corps, Church of Our Father, Thirteenth and L Sts., N. W. 1 P. M. — Lunch served in the Church bv the Department of Potomac, W. R. C. 9 A. M. — Sixteenth Annual Convention, Ladies of G. A. R., Luther Memorial Church, Thomas Circle. 1 P. M. — Lunch served by U. S. Grant Circle, Ladies of G. A. R., in Vermont Avenue Christian Church. 9 A. M. — Thirteenth Annual Convention, Daughters of Veterans, Society Temple, Fifth and G Sts., N. W. 1 P. M.— Lunch served by Auxiliary No. 32, Union Veteran Legion, in Society Temple. 8 P. M. — Reception to visiting comrades by National Presi- dent, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Stanley, and Staff. 10 A. M.-5 P. M.— Reception at Mother Bickerdyke Tent, Camp Roosevelt, by Mrs. EmmaSouthwick Brinton, assisted by Dr. Caroline Burkhardt, Miss Carolina Ransom, Mrs. Susan O. Verplanck and others. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10th. Conventions will meet same hour and place as on Thursday. Lunch will be served the same as first day. Reception at Mother Bickerdyke Tent same hours as on Thursday. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11th. 9 A. M. — Convention Woman's Relief Corps. The Department of the Potomac Woman's Relief Corps, Mrs. Lida A. Oldroyd, Department President, and Staff, assisted by the Department, will receive at Wimodaughsis, 1403 New York Ave., N. W., from 10 A. M. to 5 P. M. on Monday, October 6th ; Tuesday, October 7th ; Wednesday, October 8th ; Thursday, October 9th ; Friday, Octo- ber 10th. Headquarters Women's Citizens Committee, Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey, Chairman, Mrs, Laura V. McCullough, Secretary, at No. 1405 New York Ave. Open to visitors desiring information from 10 A. M. to 5 P. M. during EncamiDment week. Katt0nal l^raiiiiiiartrrB of Kmmnt'fi (^nuutisatimia National Association Army Nurses of the Civil War, The Bancroft, Eighteenth and H Streets, Northwest. Woman's Relief Corps, The Ebbitt. Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, The Ebbitt. Daughters of Veterans, The Ebbitt. Ladies' Aid Society to the Sons of Veterans, The Ebbitt. National Association Ladies Naval Veterans, U. S. A., 905 H Street, Northwest. Women's National Association Auxiliary to Union Ex=Prisoners of War, National Relief Union of the Union Veteran Union, (Eouunittons of Homnt'H Q^rgantsuttnns National Association Army Nurses of the Civil War, 1710 I Street, Northwest. Woman's Relief Corps, Church of Our Father, Thirteenth and L Street?, Northwest. Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, Luther Memorial Church, Thomas Circle. Daughters of Veterans, Society Temple, N. W. Corner Fifth and G Streets, Northwest. Ladies' Aid Society to the Sons of Veterans. Hall Union Veteran Legion, 910 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest. National Association Ladies Naval Veterans U. S. A. 407 Fifteenth Street, Northwest. Women's National Association, Auxiliary to Union Ex=Prisoners of War, W. C. T. U. Rooms, 522 Sixth Street, Northwest. National Relief Union of the Union Veteran Union, Concordia Hall, Corner Sixth and E Streets, Northwest. 36th national encampment GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC (Uttt^miii* lE.vrnttiur (Unmmtttrr neadijuarters 1405 New York Avenue. B. H. Warxer, Chairniati, L. P. Shokmaker, First Vice-Chairman, CuNO H. Rudolph, Second Vice-Chairman, Clarence F. Xor.mext, Treasurer, Barry Bulkley, Secretary. Anderson, T. H. Andrews, R. P. Alexander, W. C. Bell, Chas. J. Brown, Aldis D. Brown, Chapin Burdette, .S S. Bingham, B. F. Bronson, W. S. Butler, M. C. Biddle, John Cook, Geo. W. Cox, W. V. Clark, A. P., Jr. Darneille, H. H. Dan lop, Geo. T. Danenhower, W. W. Dudley, W. W. Dyrenforth, M. Ed son, John Joy Fleming, Robert Farnsworth, Calvin Gibson, George Gude, \V. F. Gordon, W. A. Glover, Chas. 0. Harries, Geo. H. Hickling, D. Percy Hopkins, T. L. Hendricks, Arthur Hume, Frank Hege, S. B. Hay, E. B. Hahn, Wm. Howe, F. T. Hart, A. Heurich, Christian Johnson, V. Baldwin Knox, W. S. Kann, Lewis Larner, J. B. Macfarland, H. B. F. Mussey, Mrs. Ellen Spencer McElroy, John McLean, John R. Michael, W. H. Moore, John H. Norris, James L. Noyes, Thos. C. Nailor, Allison, Jr. Oyster, James F. Palmer, F. W. Parker, M. M. Pierce, Frank H. Raymond, Fiank K. Ross, John W. Smith, Thos. W. Spear, Ellis Saks, Isadore Stone, Israel W. Syme, C. H. Small, J. Henry Saunders, L. M. Staples, 0. G. Sylvester, Richard Shoppel, R. W. Studd, Colin Tanner, Corp. James Van Wickle, W. P. Woodward, S. W. Walsh, Thos. F. "Wine, Louis D. Wilkins, Beriah Wilson, John M. Woodard, H. F. Wolf, Simon Weller, M. I. Wilson, A. A. Womnt's (Eittzpus' (Eommttt^^B EXECUTIVE Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey, Chairman. Mrs. Rosamond B. Meacham, First Vice-Chairman. Mrs. Henrietta N. Rose, Second Vice-Chairmau. Mrs. Laura V. McCullough, Secretary. Annie W. Johnson, Laura A. Lemmon, Helena McCarthy, Mattie E. McClure, H. B. F. Macfarland, John McElroy, Charlotte E. Main, Wm. E. Mason, Helen B. Matthews, Emma E. Myers, Lida A. Oldroyd, Fanny Pomeroy, Libbey M. Porter, Louis P. Shoemaker, Clinton Smith, Wm. S. Spencer, Elizabeth B. Stanley, Mero L. Tanner, Eugene F. Ware, B. H. Warner, Ada H. Weiss, F. B. Wilson. Mrs. Isabel Worrell Ball, Mrs. Mrs. Joseph W. Babcock, Mrs. Mrs. Benjamin F. Bingham, Miss Mrs. Barry Bulkley, Mrs. Mrs. Lizzie W. Calver, Mrs. Miss Cornelia Clay, Mrs. Mrs. J. D, Croissant, Mrs. Mrs. John Dalzell, Mrs. Mrs. M. E. S. Davis, Miss Mrs. Jonathan P. Dolliver, Mrs. Mrs. Hazel Doyle, Mrs. Mrs. John Joy Edson, Mrs. Mrs. Helen A. Engle, Mrs. Mrs. H. Clay Evans, Mrs. Mrs. Charles W. Fairbanks, Mrs. Mrs. J. B. Foraker, Mrs. Mrs. Celynda Werner Ford, Mrs. Mrs. J. Ellen Foster, Mrs. Miss Emma M. Gillett, Mrs. Mrs. Mary Y. Goundie, Mrs. Mrs. U. S. Grant, Mrs. Mrs. E. A. Haines, Mrs. Mrs. Emma A. Hawkes, RECEPTION Mrs. U. S. Grant, Cliair))iau. Miss Clara Barton, Mrs. Henry C. Corbin, Mrs. J. B. Foraker, Mrs. James A. Garfield, Mrs. O. 0. Howard, Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Winfield S. Schley, Mrs. Charles D. Sigsbee, Mrs. Ell Torrance. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ARMY NURSES CIVIL WAR Mrs. Charlotte E. Main, Chairman. Mrs. Henrietta N. Rose, Vice-Chairman. Mrs. Ann E. Gridley, Mrs. Libbey M. Porter, Miss Kate Scott, Mrs. M. L. Tanner. BADGES Miss Helen B. Matthews, Chairman. Mrs. F. B. Wilson, Vice-Chairman. Miss Catherine Bates, Miss Mrs. Angela H. Bennett, Mrs. Mrs. Catherine G. Bollinger, Mrs. Miss Mary H. Brady, Mrs. Mrs. A. D. Brockett, Mrs. Miss Mary McKenzie Byrne, Mrs. Mrs. E. A. Cleaves, Mrs. Mrs. Julia A. Cox, Mrs. Mrs. Hannah E. Crosby, Mrs. Miss Nannie T. Daniel, Mrs. Mrs. Mary J. Davidson, Mrs. Mrs. Ada G. Dickerson, Mrs. Mrs. A. E. Dumble, Mrs. Mrs. Helen A. Engle, Mrs. Mrs. Rose E. Ferree, Mrs. Miss Maggie Fleming, Mrs. Mrs. Daniel Fraser, Mrs. Mi^s Frances G. French, Miss Mrs. Mary Ream Fuller, Mrs. Mrs. Marion E. Gibbon, Mrs. Mrs. Thos. R. Harney, Mrs. Miss Daisy B. Hege, Mrs. Miss Frances Hoey, Mrs. Miss Helen R. Holmes, Mrs. Mrs. Jean McK. Hoover, Louise Hopwood, Maria A. Houghton, Carrie Kent, Richard Kingsman, E. H. Klemroth, Emma C. Littlejohn, Louise Losekara, May Smith Marlow, Margaret L. B. O'Connell, Carrie H. Otis, L. H. Patterson, Kate Penfield, Delia C. Perham, Helen S. Rapley, James Robbins, Alice Sanderson, Electa E. Smith, Kate Smoot, Hannah B. Sperry, J. A. Vanderpoel, David White, James Purcell Worrell, Eleanor Wright^ Amelia Young. COURTESIES Miss Corn'elia Clav, Chair man. Mrs. Wm. S. Spescer, Vice- Chairman. Miss Mary B. Lewis, Secretary. Mrs. Cai'oline Bosley, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Montis. Mrs. Julia G. Burnett, Mrs. A. S. Odell, Mrs. Mary M. Carter, Mrs. 8arah Pittman, Mis. Ellen A. Cromwell, Miss Elizabeth Poole, Mrs. W. W. Danenhower, Mrs. Libbey M. Porter, Miss Nannie T. Daniel, Mrs. R. A. Pyles, Mrs. Wm. Diggs, Mrs. George U. Rose, Miss Anna Ferris, Miss Minnie Roth, Mrs. L. 31. Fero'dson, Miss Tillie Roth, Mrs. Celynda W. Ford, ]\Iiss Mabel C. Scott, Mrs. Frances Head, Miss Kate M. Smoot, Mrs. Emily H. Hnssey, Mrs. Matilda R. Spragae, Mrs. E. W. Sumner Kittelle, Mrs. Harriet L. Vining, Miss Jane Knight, Mrs. E. M. Zane. Miss Lillian Lockwood, DAUGHTERS OF VETERANS Mrs. Elizabeth B. Stanley, Chairman. Mrs. Hazel Doyle, Vice-Chairfuan. Mrs. Lizzie Allen, Miss Miss Martha Allison, Mrs. Miss Angelina Beckman, Mrs. Mrs. Ellen Chaney, Mrs. Mrs. M. E. S. Davis, Miss Mrs. Mamie P. Dorsey, Miss Mrs. Mary McKee Greenstreet, Mrs. Mrs. Celynda Werner Ford, Mrs. Miss Harriet Hawley, Miss Mrs. Honora Hotliiger, Mrs. Mrs. CliflFord Howard, Miss Mrs. Georgia B. Johnson, Miss ' Alice Kimball, Florence M. Kervin, VA\-A Knight, Flora A. Lewis, Anne Lamborne, Sarah Lamborne, A. M. Little, Harriet Scribner, . Jennie M. Taylor. Ada H. Weiss, Mabel Whitcomb, Olea Wood. DECORATIONS Mrs. Ada H. Weiss, Chairman. Mrs. Emma E. Myers, Vice-Chairnian. Mrs. Mattie E. McClure, Secretary. Mrs. Lizzie Allen, Mrs. Emma C. Littlejohn, Mrs. Wm. Altberger, Mrs. A. B. McKenzie, Mrs. Anan Ball, Mrs. R. B. Meacham, Mrs, W. H. Bailey, Mrs. E. C. Montis, Mrs. Catherine G. Bollinger, Miss Elsie Moore, Mrs. M. D. Brockoven, Miss Olivia Moore, Mrs. Emma Donohue, Mrs. Mary A. Noerr, Mrs. Mamie P. Dorsey, Miss Gertrude Norton, Mrs. Helen A. Engle, Mrs. A. S. Odell, Mrs. Emma Ferguson, Mrs. 0. V. Bettys, Miss Jane Gibson, Mrs. Hattie Roach, Mrs. H. J. Hoffliger, Miss Mary L. Smith, Mrs. J. E. N. Ingalls, Mrs. E. K. Temple, Mrs. Georgia B. Johnson, Mrs. Edwin Truell, Miss Marie Kearny, Mrs. Mary Tryon, Mrs. Agnes Keeler, Mrs. Harriet L. Vining, ISIrs. Ellen S. Knight, Mrs. J. A. West, Mrs. Mary A. Lamb, Mrs. Sarah G. B. Winslow, Mrs. Flora A. Lewis, FLOWERS Mr8. Mary V. Goundie, Chaimiaii. Mrs. Hei.ex a. EN(a>E, Vice-Chairuiai Mrs. Anan Ball, Mrs. Angela H. Bennett, Mrs M. Bradt, Miss Mary McKenzie Byrne, Mrs. Vina L. Calhoun, Mrs. Mary M. Carter, Mrs. Jennie Cusick, Mrs. Nannie G. Davis, Mrs. Sarah Dony, Mrs. Mamie P. Dorsey, Mrs. Edith Emmerson, Mrs. Emily Frisbie, Mrs. Rose L. Fryer, Mrs. J. Grunwell, Mrs. Kate Gude, Mrs. Mary E. Hall, Mrs. Lida J. Hart, Mrs. Lola Hauptman, Mrs. Dora Hendrix, Mrs. Helen Holmes, Mrs. Jean McK. Hoover, Mrs. A. Hutchins, Mrs. Susie R. Jacobs, Miss Marie Kearny, Miss Lola Keeler, Mrs. Emily Kilvert, Mrs. Emma J. Kistler, Mrs. J. Louis Loose, Mrs. Elizabeth Montis, Miss Kitty Montague, Mrs. Fred. W. Mitchell, Mrs. Mary O'Neil, Mrs. J. Parker, Mrs. Fannie M. Page, Dr. Adeline Portman, Mrs. Jennie S. Raub, Miss Belle C. Saunders, Miss Carrie L. Shields, Miss Nellie Shields, Mrs. Josephine Sibold, Miss Clara Stewart, Mrs. :\L Traver, Mrs. E. K. Temple, Mrs. S. E. Van Deusen, Mrs. Mary Walling, Mrs. J. A. West. HALLS Mrs. M. E. S. Davis, Chairvian. Mrs. J. D. Croissant, Vice-Cliairman. Mrs. Wm. Allison, Mrs. Mary F. Case, Mrs. Appleton P. Clark, Jr. Mrs. C. S. Davis, Mrs. Celynda W. Ford, Mrs. Abbie P. McNulty, ]\Irs. Harriet L. Scribner, Mrs. Eugene E. Stevens, Mrs. Horace Warner. LADIES OF THE G. A. R. Mrs. Emma A. Hawkes, Chairman. Mrs. Laura A. Lemmon, Vtce-Chairviaii. Mrs. Dell F. Wright, Secretary. Mrs. Florence Barringer, Mrs. Mrs. Catherine G. Bollinger, Mrs. Mrs. Alice Burgess, Mrs. Mrs. Fannie Calvert, Mrs. ]Mrs. Frances M. Cheney, Mrs. Mrs. Mary Engle, Mrs. Mrs. Belle H. Gibson, Mrs. Mrs. Mary E. Hale, Mrs. Miss Emma F. Haywood, Mrs. Mrs. Emma Hempler, Mrs. Mrs. E:nma E. Holbrook, Mrs. Mrs. Josephine A. Johnston, Mrs. Emma J. Kistler, Villa J. Lewis, Louisa C. Loeffler, Mary E. McKenna, Mary O'Neal, Fannie M. Page, Addie R. Pei'kins, Maude Rudolph, Laura Seymour, H. E. Shelley, Sarah Turnbull, Fannie E. Worden. PRESS Mrs. IsAiiEL Worrell Ball, Chairman. Miss Helena McCarthy, Vice-Chairman. JMiss Helen Y. Boswell, 3Iiss Daisy Joyce, Miss Nannie Lancaster, Mrs. Marie Schrader PUBLIC COMFORT Mrs. Lizzie W. Calver, Chairuia?!. Mrs. Fanny G. Pomeroy, Vice-Clnurman. Miss Lillian Calver, Secretary. Mrs. Margaret M. Armour, Mrs. Sidney Jacobs, Mrs. Anna Baden, Mrs. Win. King, Mrs. Wm. M. Bass, Mrs. Margaret Knapp, Mrs. E. G. Beall, Mrs. Sarah La Fctra, Mrs. Rose E. Brackett, Miss Jennie Manning, Mrs. George Brown, Mrs. Charles Parker, Mrs. Catherine Case, Mrs. Charles M. Pepper, Mrs. Ida L. Chase, Mrs. N, B. Prentice, Mrs. W. H. Crook, Mrs. Ida Schwegler, Mrs. Martha Cutler, Mrs. Electa E. Smith, Mrs. A. Duffy, Mrs. George Smith, Mrs. Celestia Ferris, Mrs. Matilda R. Sprague, Mrs. Ehiiira Foley, Mrs. George Street, Mrs. J. R. Gilbert, Miss Maud Thomas, Mrs. Alice Goodacre, Mrs. Mary Tryon, Mrs. Harry T. Guss, Mrs. Hester Watson, Mrs. Alfred Hawley, Mrs. Simon Wolf, Mrs. Dora B. Hendrix, Mrs. Alfred Wood, Mrs. M. J. Hull, Mrs. Mary A. Young. WOMAN^S RELIEF CORPS Mrs. Lid a A. Oldroyd, Chairman. Mrs. Annie W. Johnson, Vice-Chainnan. Mrs. Katherine M. Phillips, Secretary. Mrs. Mattie E. McClure, Treasurer. Mrs. Lizzie Abernatliy, Miss Tiliie A. Dunham, Mrs. Mary Adams, Mrs. Nora Edgar, Mrs. Nora B. Atkinson, Mrs. Sarah E. Edwards, Mrs. Cornelia Avery, Mrs. Emma S. Ellis, Mrs. Isabel Worrell Ball, Mrs. Addie Feathers, Mrs. Elizabeth Barber, Mrs. Emma Ferguson, Mrs. Eraoc-es Bingbam, Mrs. Hannah Flaherty, Mrs. Armenia Braden, Mrs. Mary Flint, Mrs. J. L. Bradley, Mrs. Elmira Foley, l\Irs. Jane Brideban, Mrs. Cecelia Ford, Mrs. Emma M. Bromwell, Mrs. Miranda Fuller, iMiss Carrie Brookfield, Mrs. Margaret Galliger, Mrs. Racbel A. Brooks, Miss Mary Glennan, Mrs. Jessie Bruner, Mrs. Addie Glover, Mrs. Marion G. Burch, Mrs. Mary Gorham Mrs. Alice Burgess, Mrs. Mary V. Goundie, Mrs. Cbristina Butcher, Mrs. Lucie B. Graham, Mrs. Vina L. Calhoun, Mrs. Marion Gregory, Mrs. Sue M. Carey, Mrs. Mary E. Hall, Mrs. Mary M. Carter, Mrs. Anna Sanborn Hamilton Mrs. Ida L. Chase, Mrs. S. E. Hamilton, Miss Lulu S. Chase, Mrs. Mary C. Hanen, Mrs. Bessie Boone Cheshire, Mrs. Maria Hare, Mrs. Nettie A. Cole, Mrs. Lida J. Hart, Mrs. Julia C. Collier, Mrs. Lola Hauptman, Mrs. Mollie L. Crandal, Mrs. Emma Hempler, Mrs. Ellen H. Croggan, Mrs. Sarah Hill, Mrs. Jennie Cusick, Mrs. Anna Hoagland, Mrs. Nannie G. Davis, Mrs. Mary Hogue, Miss Annie De la Vergne, Mrs. Frances T. Holmes, Mrs. Hannah J. Devoe, Mrs. Mary Honn, Mrs. Ada G. Dickerson. Mrs. Josepha Houghton, Mrs. Elizabeth Donehoo, Mrs. Annie C. Hutchins, Mrs. Mamie P. Dorsey, Mrs. Susie R. Jacobs, Miss Mary Dow, Mrs. Maria L. Jordan, Mrs. Agnes L. Keeler, Mrs. Miss Lola Keeler, Mrs. Mrs. Alice King, Mrs. Mrs. Vannette S. Kullman, Mrs. Mrs. Mary E. Lattin, Mrs. Miss Lizzie Lenman, Mrs. Mrs. Marian M. Lewis, Mrs. Mrs. Emma C. Littlejohn, Mrs. Mrs. Inez Lyons, Mrs. Mrs. Jane McLean, Mrs. Mrs. Katherine McMonigal, Mrs. Mrs. Clarinda Marks, ]Mrs. Mrs. Rosamond B. Meacham, Mrs. Mrs. Margaret Miller, Mrs. Mrs. Elizabeth C. Montis, Mrs. Mrs. Gertrude Morgan, Mrs. Mrs. S. E. Morrison, Mrs. Mrs. Eliza F. Naylor, Miss Mrs. Emma L. Newton, Mrs. Mrs. Rosa Noske, Mrs. Mrs. Augusta B. Palmer, Mrs. Mrs. Mary E. Peck, Mrs. Mrs. Nellie C. Quill, Mrs. Mrs. Annie E. Rank, Mrs. Mrs. Jennie Raub, Mrs. Mrs. Frances Reynolds, Mrs. Mrs. Julia Roberts, Mrs. Mrs. Ruth E. Roberts, Susie Rose, Laura Seymour, Eliza Shallenberger, Mary C. Shank, Helen Smith, Matilda R. Sprague, Augusta Starkey, Helen Stone, Genie Street, Corinne Stricklen, Mary E. Taflf, Alice Talley, A. P. Tasker, Margaret B. Tew. Mary Thatcher, Maggie Thompson, Jennie T. Thomson, Josephine Tiefenthaler, Travers, Sarah Turnbull, Sarah Van Doren, Margaret Walker, Emma V. Webster, Jennie Wheeler, Mary E. Whitehead, Matilda S. Wilkins, Frances E. Worden. ELLEN SPENCER MUSSEY Chaihmax Women's Citizkxs Committee oGth G. a. R. Excampmext. The Women of the Civil War Ellen Spencer Mussey " The army tvhose bayonets ivere glittering needles, advanced with more unbroken ranks, and exerted almost a greater moral force than the army that carried loaded muskets.'' — Dr. Henry W. Bellows. I HE women who remained at the hearth- stone were happ)' in keeping the men in the field in toucli with all that per- tained to the home by constant, sys- tematic correspondence. By this means, the soldiers not only had the support of home sympathy, but the return letters from the men established a more personal knowledge of events and con- ditions than could Iiave been attained by the public press as the only means of communication. This sympa- thetic unity between the field and the home formed a public opinion not only corrective of, but an inspiration to, our Governmental policy. It is said that the average correspondence of some regiments was a thousand letters a week, mailed, and as many more received. What won- der that with the home ties so nourished day by day, at the end of four years of service in the field the victors returned home ready to take up tije duties of the citizen with the same fervor which they had shown in military life. Every regiment that marched to the front took with it forever the joy of mothers, wives and sweet- hearts, who, like the Spartan mothers of old, laid on the altar of Liberty their dearest treasures. This sacrifice was 18 followed not infrequently by the burdens of grinding poverty and loneliness, until death came as a happy release. Not all the names of the heroines of the Civil War are writ on the pages of fame, but many linger only as unwritten traditions m tlieir own family circles. Abraham Lincoln once said on a public occasion : "I am not accustomed to use the language of eulogy. I have never studied the art of paying compliments to women. But I must say that if all that has been said by orators and poets since the creation of the world in praise of women w^as applied to the women of America, it would not do them justice for their conduct during this war. I will close by saying, God bless the women of America." The patriotic spirit of that day carried the women to the loftiest height of devotion, and they courted occasion to do and to suffer for the beloved country. The change from peace to war was rapid, but the regeneration of the women was quite as swift. In those days there were no uppermost places ; the idch and the poor alike scraped lint and rolled bandages for the suffering soldiers. When the Massachusetts troops at the front wanted shirts, all feminine Boston went to Union Hall and made shirts at the rate of a thousand a day. In suburban places the bells of the town hall mustered the. seam- stresses to duty. Not always were these energies well directed, for who does not remember the white Have- locks of all sizes and shapes sent in great numbers to the soldiers at the front during the first hot summer of serv- ice ; and how the victims of this embarrassing kindness took refuge in the ridicule which followed when a whole regiment appeared wearing the despised Havelocks as nightcaps, turbans or sunbonnets. Here at the Capital the loyal hom.es were open to every sufferer wearing the blue. The first woman to perform any work directly for the comfort of the soldier 19 of 1861 was ^Irs. Almira Fales, of Washington, who began in December, 1860, to prepare lint and stores for the hospitals not yet in existence. The daily papers of Washington of 1861-5 contained constant allnsions to the devotion of the loyal women of the Capital in the way of thanks from the soldiers in the hospitals. Of these women Mrs. Fales was the first, and Vinnie Ream, now Mrs. Hoxie, one of the youngest. The latter's sister, Mrs. Perry Fuller, writes : " During all this time every house in Washington where there was any sympathy with the Union cause kept open house, and the boys in blue were received and entertained when they came out of the hospitals too weak to go to the front, or, if discharged, to go to their distant homes. Our house was never without such inmates, sometimes quite exhaust- ing its elastic capacity"; and the same could be truthfully said of thousands of loyal homes. F'rom revolutionary times to 1861, there was no event of national importance calling for the assistance of women ; but the traditions of our grandmothers lingered to the third generation and the shot fired on Fort Sumter called womeUjtoo, to heroic deeds — at home, in the hospi- tal and finally upon the field. It is the history of modern warfare in civilized countries, that women's efforts to ameliorate the conditions of war have in the beginning- met with the most determined opposition from military officials, especially those of the hospital service ; but fortunately woman is gifted with great pertinacity of purpose, and in the end doubters have been convinced of their error of judgment by practical demonstration of the superior qualifications of woman as a nurse, and of her adaptability to the requirements of military hospitals and diet kitchens. In the Civil War every woman carried a mother's heart, and the sick and wounded soldier was her child. There are women still among us who walked 20 the hospitals of the Capital day by day, coming with baskets kiden with the dehcacies of home cooking and homely remedies for every ache and pain. The Woman's Central Association of Relief antedated the Sanitary Commission and was organized at Cooper Union, New York City, April 29, 1861, at a meeting attended by between three and four thousand men and women, the Hon. David Dudley Field presiding. From the first it worked in unity with the Govern nient. It fur- nished nurses for the service and through its apj)eal, supplies began to pour in an unbroken stream to the end of the war. The oflftce, No. 10 Cooper Union, was busy day and night receiving, unpacking and repacking sys- tematically for hospitals. A vast correspondence, reports and all the details of a great receiving and shipping station were to be attended to. Every woman, and there were many hundreds from first to last, engaged in this work learned the necessity of precision. So much of the work l)eing done by volunteer service, the administrative expenses were at the minimum while the value of the sup[)lies distributed reached many millions of dollars. In the Sanitary Commission of the C!ivil War, men and women co-operated effectively and without jealousy, its agents penetrating to the smallest hamlet, the humblest home, and likewise to the heart and purse strings of the millionaire. The great fairs and entertainments in the large cities were the social features of the Civil War. The woman whose official position, and capacity to organize, gave her first rank during the Civil War was Dorothea L. Dix, and as Dr. Bellows has said, " history will preserve her name long after others have sunk into oblivion." What Florence Nightingale did in the Crimean War, Dorothea Dix did for the Union army. Having worked effectively for thirty years in behalf of the 21 criminal classes and the insane, her executive ability and power of organization were well known. Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, on June 10, 1861, appointed her Superintendent of Female Nurses ; all women except hospital matrons, regularly employed in the hospitals and entitled to pay, were appointed by her. She required that a woman should be no longer young, plain of feature and attire, of good health and of unim- peachable moral character. There being no precedent for such an appointment as Miss Dix's, neither her duties nor her authority were defined, and her appointment of nurses was regulated by her own estimate of the appli- cant's prospective usefulness. On the 29th of October, 1863, the War Department issued the following order : " General Oeders, No. 351. " War Department, Adjt. General's Office,. " WashingtOxN, October 29th, 186S. " The employment of women nurses in the United States General Hos])itals will in future be strictly gov- erned by the following rules : " L Persons approved by Miss Dix, or her authorized agents, will receive from her, or them, 'certificates of approval,' which must be countersigned by Medical Directors upon their assignment to duty as nurses within their Departments. " 2. Assignments of ' women nurses' to duty in Gen- eral Hospitals will only be made upon application by the Surgeons in charge, through Medical Directors, to Miss Dix or her agents, for the number they require, not exceeding one to every thirty beds. " 3. No females, except Hospital Matrons, \\\\\ be employed in General Hospitals, or, after December 31, 1863, borne upon the muster and pay rolls, without such certificates of approval and regular assignment, unless specially api)ointed by the Surgeon-General. " 4. Women nurses, while on duty in General Hospitals^ are under the exclusive control of the senior medical officer, who will direct their several duties, and may be 22 discharged by him when considered supernumerary, or, for incompetency, insubordination, or violation of his orders. Such discharge, with the reasons therefor, being endorsed upon the certihcate, will be at once returned to Miss Dix. " By order of the Secretary of War : " E. D. TOWNSEND, " Assistaiit Adjutant-General." By this order authority was bestowed on Miss Dix, but no power to enforce obedience : yet under all these embarrassments she did a work that will stand as her enduring monument. Under the appointment by Sec- retary Cameron, afterward ratified by Secretary Stanton, Miss Dix appointed several hundred nurses, all Protestant and middle aged, who, with rare exceptions, proved them- selves worthy of the confidence reposed in them. Miss Dix rented two large houses situated on the east side of Fifteenth Street, just north of New York Avenue, as a depot for sanitary supplies sent to her care, and also houses for the rest and refreshment of nurses and convalescent soldiers, one of these being on the S. E. corner of F and Twelfth Streets, and the other, 1405 New York Avenue, now the headquarters of the Citizens' Committee for the 36th G. A. R. Encampment. She provided ambulances, and employed two secretaries, meeting all these expenses from her private purse, and steadily refused all compen- sation for her services. Some of the surgeons of the Army preferred to employ Sisters of Charity (who also were truly Angels of Mercy) in their hospitals, contrary to Miss Dix's views as super- intendent of nurses, but these differences but brought out her singleness of purpose and her ability to rise above personal jealousies, for her large stores were as readily dispensed for the use of these hospitals as for those who employed the nurses approved by her. 23 After the close of the war she remained eighteen months in Washington to fulfill promises made to dying soldiers to aid their widows and orphans. Miss Dix refused all offers of compensation for her services, or reimbursement of money expended, and when Secretary Stanton asked her if she would like an appro- priation by Congress, she replied, " I want nothing but a fiag of my country." He at once ordered a stand of the National Colors of the finest silk, and this was bequeathed by Miss Dix to Harvard College, where it is now draped over the main portal of Memorial Hall. During her lifetime, of the many homes, hospitals and asylums for the insane who owe their existence to her, none bore her name, for she loved not notoriety, but the whole human race. The suffering ones were her children, and Ifer life was spent in deeds of mercy for them. Her monument is imperisiiable, and not builded with hands, but in the hearts of her countrymen and writ in the lasting annals of her countr3-'s history. It would be impossible in this short sketch to speak of the many noble women whom Miss Dix enrolled as nurses, and who shared the privations of the private soldier without the stimulus of comradeship, and the excitement of battle and the skirmish line. Miss Harriet P. Dame went into the service June 6, 1861, with the first New Hampshire Volunteers and remained until December, 1865, the longest service of any nurse of the Civil War, Dr. Caroline Burkhardt being second only to her in length of service. Miss Dame was taken prisoner at the second battle of Bull Run, and also later while with the Army of the James, and she saw even more service in the field than the gallant First New Hampshire, for she was by reason of peculiar fitness often borrowed for special duty by those high in authority. One of these occasions 24 was when Surgeon-General Barnes sent her to Charleston, S. C, to inquire into the conditions there, and as a result on her recommendation the hospital ships Arno and Fulton were fitted out. Colonel Oilman Marston said of her, " She was the bravest woman I ever saw. I saw her stand not far behind the guns, watching the men as they dropped about her, oifering to them aid, never flinching, and I saw a terror-stricken man hide behind her to escape the frag- ments of bursting shells." At the close of the war after a continuous service of four years and eight months with- out a day's furlough she returned with her regiment and at the review by the Governor of New Hampshire rode mounted by the Colonel's side. Mrs. Anne E. Gridley was also one of the nurses appointed by Miss Dix and did noble service, but her name will be known as the mother of the gallant naval officer who lost his life early in the Spanish war, Capt. Charles Vernon Gridley, the commander of the flagship Oli/mpia in the Battle of Manila Bay. Also of Miss Dix's nurses were numbered the two Edson sisters, Sarah and Susan, both women of the Western Reserve who were ready for any emergency and knew not fatigue in well doing. It is something to remember that the poor pittance of forty cents a day and soldier's rations constituted the pay of these army nurses of 1861-5. The first woman to visit the camps and hospitals of the West was Miss Mary J. Saffbrd, who was known as the " Cairo Angel." She was the tender nurse in the hospital, or the brave woman on the field, going forward in the face of the enemy's guns waving her handkerchief above her head as a flag of truce that she might minister to the wounded and dying. 25 Of those who chose to work on independent lines none showed more executive abihty than Miss Clara Barton. Her labors began on April 21, 1861, when she proceeded with baskets of cooked provisions to the Capitol to minister to the wants of the Sixth Massachusetts Militia which had just arrived without proper commissary arrangements. From this day her fame spread, and she became a private distributing bureau at Washington for friends and organi- izations to whom she was known ; it being said that during the summer of 1865 she frequently had from these sources a stock on hand of five tons in quantity. While receiving no official recognition from the Government yet the value of her services was acknowledged by high officials who furnished storage and transportation for her supplies as occasion made it expedient. She soon saw the necessity of carrying these supplies to the front for use in crucial moments, and followed with loaded army wagon the march of General McClellan on Sunday, September 14, 1862, and through many long hot days traveled the dusty roads of Maryland that led to the Valley of Antietam. With an ever-increasing train of army wagons and ambulances she followed the Army through the Shenandoah campaign, and on to Fredericksburg, being [)ractically the general purveyor for the sick of the Ninth Army Corps. With only brief periods of rest in the North, Miss Barton continued her work on these lines, ending her services with the Army of the James when General B. F. Butler gave her work a recognized position which enabled her to do much more than was otherwise possible for the comfort of that army during the campaign of 1864-5. At the close of the war Miss Barton organized at her own expense a Bureau of Records of Missing Men of the Armies of the United States. She collected rolls of pris- oners, hospital records, records of burials in Rebel prisons 26 and elsewhere, and throngh the intervention of General E. D. Mussey, then Military Secretary to President Johnson, these lists were printed at the Government Printing Office and circulated as government documents. The definite information thus brought to the homes of the fate of loved ones was the only consolation possible under the sad circumstances. Having obtained tiiese prison lists Miss Barton discovered a record of the dead buried at Andersonville prison, and at tiie request of the Secretary of War she assisted the Quartermaster's Department in laying out the grounds as a cemetery and in identifying and placing suitable head-boards at all the thirteen thousand graves, except about four hundred who are still numbered as " Unknown." The value of Miss Barton's work was afterwards recog- nized by Congress, Hon. Henry Wilson, of Massachu- setts, moving an appropriation of $15,000 to reimburse her for expenditures and for services, which appropria- tion passed both Houses by unanimous vote. Mention must also be made of Helen Louise Gilson, of Boston, Mass., who by reason of her youth was not accepted as a nurse by Miss Dix. She worked with the Auxiliary Relief Corps very acceptably and established the first colored hospital at City Point in the summer of 1864. The number of wounded among the colored troops of the Army of the Potomac was very large from the mine explosions and the engagements around Petersburg. The temporary hospital was inadequate and the suffering great. There were no volunteers for this work of relief of the brave soldiers so lately slaves, and Miss Gilson volunteered, fully aware of tiie official prejudice to be met and overcome. She added to the hospital kitchen her method of special diet ; taught nurses and enforced clean- liness, order, and system in the daily routine. The death- 27 rate lessened in consequence and the hospital took rank with the best in the department. At this date it is hardly possible to realize the obstacles to be overcome in such work, for today the colored man has earned his spurs as a gallant soldier in two wars, and his comfort is given in military life the same consideration as that of his white Ijrother. Mrs. Mary A. Livermore did much by her facile pen to arouse the women of the country to the need of their assistance. In 1862, in company with Mrs. Hoge, she traveled over the Northwest, organizing aid societies, and planned the following year the great Northwestern Sanitary Fair, the first of the series of similar fairs in the North. Mrs. Mary A. Bickerdyke, known to the Western Army as " Mother Bickerdyke, ""~was unique in her methods, of extraordinary ability and of indomitable will. She labored for the private soldier. There were others as tender and as devoted as she in ministering to suffering, but she had no peer in her systematic, original methods of work in camp and hospital, and her ingenuity in bringing culprits to justice furnished a fund of amusement to all except the evil-doers. After the battle of Shiloh a surgeon going to the rear found Mother Bickerdyke attired in a gra}' overcoat and soft slouch hat where she had set up her kettles and was dispensing hot soup to fainting wounded men, and inquired under whose authority she was working, to which she replied without hesitation : " I have received my authority from God Almighty ; have you any higher rank than that ? " There was no murmur from her in those months of cold and want and suffering in the last of 1863 at Look- out Mountain and Missionary Bidge, and it was then she 28 announced lier plan of publishing a " starvation cook book to make delicious soups out of nothing." If any one could do this, she could. She followed Sherman on his march to the sea. Later she went to the rescue of the Anderson vi lie prisoners, remaining with them so long as there was one to need her care. While the number of women who saw service as soldiers during the Civil War numbered several hundred, yet it is not of them we will speak here, for our sympathy must ever be with the woman who would heal, not wound. But we think with pride of brave Barbara Fritsche, of Fredericktown ; of sweet Jenny Wade, of Gettysburg, whose fair young breast was cruelly torn by shell and shot while making bread for the boys in blue, and of stately Madame Turchen^ or Hetty McEwen, of Nash- ville. Nor can we allow the name of Anna Ella Carroll, a descendant of the Carrolls of CarroUton of revolutionary fame, to sink into oblivion, for it has been decided judi- cially that the plan of the Tennessee campaign was the child of her keen brain and that she was entitled to com- pensation therefor. Justice came late in tliis case as in many others, and was only won from a Government pre- occupied with other cares many along year after the bat- tles of that campaign were won, Richmond had fallen and the countr}^ united ! The Civil War found the woman of this country with a horizon bounded by her own roof tree, but the mother ear is quick to hear the wail of the child in distress no matter whether he lies in his own soft bed at home or languishes in prisons or moans upon the battlefield. It was the inothei' heart in every woman which lead her to respond to the needs of the nation, and to learn that she too was a citizen, and that upon her devolved a duty. How well this duty was performed, this brief sketch will 29 hardly tell. But woman herself by her brave endeavor in the Civil War came into a larger life, and now she knows that there are other roof trees than her own, and that humanity is one great Brotherhood in which woman as well as man has a part to do. Like Mother Bickerdyke of blessed memory, she received her authority from God Almighty. As said Abraham Lincoln so said the soldiers of 1861-5 : " God bless the women of America ". PRIMARILY FOR WOMEN. Three years' course leading to degree of Bachelor of Laws. Post-graduate courses of one year loading to degree of Master of Laws. Corps of eighteen professors and lecturers. Sessions after 4 o'clock. TUITION, $50 PER ANNUM Seventh Annual Session opens at 140.3 New York Avenue, October 1, at 7 P. M. Year-books at all law book stores. For furtlier particulars call on or address the Dean, ELLEN SPENCER MUSSEY, LL. M. Phone, E. .334 M. 416 Fifth Street, N. W. Telephone, Main 21174. PORTMAN & HOYLE Post ofTice-station 44. 1400 14th St. (Cor. Rhodc Island Ave.) Postal Telegraph Office. U. s. Express Office. WASHINGTON, D. C. ^ ^ Quality^ Accurac y^ Promptness ** Every courtesy extended to G. A. R. and Patriotic Organizations of Women .... ALL DRl'GS AND TOILET ACCESSORIES ICE CREAM SODA AT MODERATE PRICES PINEAPPLE GEM Within One Square of Convention of Ladies G A. R. ®HE house at 5J0 Tenth Street, Northwest, consecrated by tlie last expiring breaths of the great Lincohi, has been purchased by tlie Government, to be preserved from the ravages of time. Since 181)3 it has contained the Oldroyd Lincoln Memorial Collection, which consists of rare and precious relics of the martyred President. There is the furniture hallowed by association with Lincoln from the time he went to housekeeping in Springfield, in 1844, to his depar- ture for the White House, in 18(31. This vast collection extends through all the periods of Mr. Lincoln's life and forms an almost complete history of those eventful years. Congress has been asked to make an appropriation by which this historic house and collection may be opened free to the public. At the present time an admission of 25 cents is charged to defray expenses. History does not record a name as universally revered in all lands to-day as that of Abraham Lincoln, and it is but fitting that this memorial should be made, not only from a historical point of view% but also because of the world-wide interest shown in the study of his character and career. Free access to this house and collection will be of im[)ortant historical value to future generations. '-^^^o^ '^^; I ' • ^ ■>♦ .• ,.• . •.:s^,- /'"\ ^W«^-- ^'^^ ^ J'' \ '\/ %^^-/ ^Z^-^*/ ^o^^^-/ \" o WERT BOOKBINDING I'^rantwlle Pa March April 1989 '4. ' ' - ■AT <^ ■^^v A^ * ft ^^ A •« »j ^ t \.^^ '