Rook y^Jsy Published by order of the Whig Congressional Exeentiye Committee, at Washington. PROSPECT BEFORE US, OR LOOOFOCO IMFOSXTZONS EXPOSED TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES. COL. polk's opinions ok the tariff policy. It having been settled, very conclusively, by this time, that the candidate of the locofoco party is op- posed to any degree of protection, incidental or otherwise, to American labor against foreign competition, and if in favor of any tariff at all, of sucii an one only as will be greatly insufficient to provide the ways and means for carrving on the Government, without the necessity of direct taxation for that purpose, we have the issue very clearly made up between hun and Mr. Clay, so far as that question is concerned : for the attempts, to produce the impression on the subject, are so ridiculously weak and abortive, that no one, throughout this wide land, can have been imposed upon by them. Up to the moment when Mr. Polk was thunderstruck upon hearing he had been selected as the candidate of the Baltimore convention, he had omitted no opportunity to declare himself openly, as an imdisgw'j^ed, uncumpromisi»g, unyield- ing FREK TnAiiF. man; and as opposed heart and soul, hasid and voice, in will and action, to the "per- nicious tariff," the black tariff of 1842. Upon that issue he was met in a hundred and fifty fields by his opponent for the chief magistracy of Tennessee, for two successive contests, and was worsted in all, as the ballot boxes attested. Over and over and over again did he commit himself in these campaigns, to this free trade, policy, and by voice, letters, by votes, and by every means by which he could bring his influence to bear, did he strive to put that one f\ict at least beyond all po.ssibility of doubt. If other evidence than Mr. Polk's speeches, letters and votes are required, read the following letter from Gov. JOj\ES, of Tennessee, whose opportunities of knowing Mr. Polk's, views on all public questions have been so great, from the fact of his having opposed and defeated him twice for Governor. Here is Governor Jones' letter : Nashville, July 25, 1844. To Charles Gibbons, Esq., Philadelphia. Dear Sir .- By the mail I enclose you two publications of Col. Pollv's during the last summer's canvass on the subject of the Tariff, &c. From these publications you will perceive that the Colonel is dead om against Protection, and particularly opposed to distribution of the proceeds of the Public Land*, because, he says, it is a Tariff measure. It sounds strangely to us, who have been accustomed to hear Col. Polk, to hear it stated that he is a Tariff man, or in favor of Protection. I have met him on more than one hundred and fifty fields, and I never heard liim make a speech in my canvass with liim, that he did not denpunce the principles oli Protection. Indeed this was the main ground on which he and his friends re- lied to defeat me. I was /or I'rotection^he against it. I for Distribution — he against it. The contest is fierce in Tennessee — each party in the field, with all their forces and zeal. In Penn- sylvania, I would say, do your duty — we will do ours. Tennessee will maintain her position. Respectfully, your servant, JAMES C. JONES. Let us now briefly examine Mr. Polk's past and present position upon the tariff. Upon this, as upon all great questions of the day, it is the constant boast of himself and friends that he has maintained an irreproachable consistency. The records of the country have risen up in judgment against him; liis own public acts and written opinions confront him with proof of his time-serving and tergiversation ; and we flatter ourselves that we shall fasten upon him the most gross and palpable inconsistency. His char- acter for candor and political independence, unenviable as it already is, must suffer additional humiliation from popular scrutiny. Extracts front, an address of James K. Polk, to the people of Tennessee, April 3, 1839. Columbia, Tenn.,J. H. Thompson, Pr., 1839. Mr. Polk's opinions of the tariff and the protective policy have been called in question; on the one hand, the Whigs positively assert that he is opposed to the present tariff, and to the protective system al- together, and quote his own declarations, made on various occasions, to prove what they assert. On the other hand, the Locofocos of the Tariff States, assert that hb is in favor of a protective tariff, and im- pudently affirm that the declarations ofMr. Polk to the contrary, quoted by the Whig papers, are "Whig lies" and forgeries. It may be that what we are about to copy from the above mentioned address, will be so denounced ; but if it be, we have the pamphlet in our possession, and are ready to show it to any Printed at Gideun's office, Ninth street, Washington. man or men who may think proper to call and satisfy themselves of its genuineness, or who doubt the accuracy of the extracts we have made. At pages 5 and 6, speaking of Mr. Adams's administration, Mr. Polk says: "It was during that ad- ministration that the protective policy reached its highest point of aggravation in the passage of the tariff law, that 'hill of abominations,' in 1828. It was attemptad to build up a great system of manufactures sad internal improvements, by taxing the whole people, and especially of the planting States, for the benefit of the Northern capitalists. To make the investment of their money profitable, the prices of all manufactured articles must be raised ; and to raise the prices, enormous duties were imposed on corres- ponding articles imported from abroad. To purchase the support of different sections of the country to this iniquitous system, iron, sugar, hemp, cotton bagging, and even salt, were included in the liighly tariffed articles. Every man who bought an axe or a hoe, a plough-share or a pound of nails, a peck of sa,lt or a pound of sugar, was covertly taxed, in the increased price of the article, for the benefit of the manufacturer, the iron master, the salt maker, or the sugar planter. ZVever was a more unjust tax im- posed. It was not for ttie necesa|iry support of Government that it was imposed ; such was neither the avowed or real object. lis operation was to take the property of one man and give it to another, without right or consideration- It was to depreciate the value of the productive industry of one section of the JJflion and transfer it to another — it was to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. In another respect Shis system was disastrous to every thing Republican or just in the administration of the Government. Whilst the increased prices of domestic articles went into the pockets of the manufacturers, who were generally men of large capital, that on imported articles, being the tariff duly, v<-ent into the Trea- sury of the United Statfis. Immense sums of money, not necessary for the support of the Government, were therefore likely to be accumulated in the public treasury ; and this accumulation, it was foreseen, might induce the people to insist on a reduciinn of dutio's. To obviate this danger to the grand system, it was necessary to devise a plan of expenditure large enough to consume whatever excess of moneys, above the necessary wants of the Government, might be produced by the high protective taritF. "This'plan was soon found in an unconstitutional and gigantic system of internal improvements by the General Government. In the making of roads and canals, and in the imjirovement of harbors and rivers, it was calculated that large sections of country, and even whole Stales, where the expenditures were to be made, could be brought to the support of the system, and that a demand might thereby be created for any number of millions which the cupidity of Northern capitalists might find it expedient to exact from the people, as a means of secuiing to them an enormous profit on their investments. The as- sumption and exercise of the power, by Federal authority, to construct works of internal improvement within the States, constituted an essential branch of the system of which Mr Clay was the reputed father and head, and to which the popular but false name of the " American System" was given It was an essential branch of the falsely called " American System," because it was the great absorbent, the spunge, which was to suck in and consume the excessive, unequal, unjust, and excessive exactions upon the peo- ple, and especiall}' upon the people of the planting States, ruined by a high protective tariff." Such were Mr. Polk's opinions in regard to the protective policy in 18-39, as declared by himself in his address to the people of Tennessee. It will be seen that he was then, as the Charleston Mercury de- dares he is now, " SOUTHERN, in his princii-les, TO THE BACK BONE." In a letter to the people of Fennessee, in 1843, be says :' All who have observed mj' course know that 1 HAVE, AT ALL TLMES, BEEN OPPOSED TO THE 'PROTECTIVE POLICY.' W^here BCOT is his boasted considenqj ? Have not the records of the country, his own wiitten opinions, risen up in judgment against him ? Again, in the same letter : " The act of July 14th, 18.32, was the first step of reduction which the anti- lariff delegations in Congress were able to obtain. By the act of the 2d of March, 18.3-3, (the compro- mise act,) they were enabled to obtain still further reductions, and, as already stated, I voted for both ihese acts." And again, in the same letter: "And, finally, my competitor has been forced to rely upon the favorite comparisons he makes between the acts of 1832 and 1842. This he is in the daily habit of doing in his speeches. He always introduces it by inquiring " and ivJio voted for t/ie tariff of \S'i2 ? As Nathan said unto David, thou art the man. Then he proceeds to make the comparison. My competitor must place a very low estimate on the intelligence of the people if he supposes that the fallacy, unfairness, and want of candor, of this mode of presenting the subject can Aiil to be understood by them. It cannot cer- tainly be that he can desire that every man who hears our public discussions shall go home with an im- proper or erroneous impression on his mind. Why does he not state, when he comes to the act of 1832, that that act was not an original tariff act imposing duties for the first time, but that it was an act to takft off and reduce the higher duties imposed by the law as it then stood ] And why does he not then ask, and u-ho voted to take off and reduce those duties ? and he could then, with truth, add his favorite quo- lation, ' As Nathan said unto David, thou art the man.' " Now, how does all this " incidental protection " as alluded to in the Kane fetter, correspond with the written dechi rations of Got. Polk, in his ktt>r to tie people of Tennessee, in 1843. There he abo ref«r« to his public " course," to prove that he has •■' at all times been OPPOSED TO THE PROTECTIVE POLICY." We refer, for the following quotation, to the Jeflersonian, June 3, of that year: " Upon the subject of the tariff, I have but little to acid to what I have heretofore often declared to the public. Ail who have observed my course know that 1 have at all times bten opposed to the ''protective policy." I am for laying such moderate duties on imports as will raise revenue enough when added to the income from the sale of lands and other incidental sources, to defray the expenses of Government economically administered. I am in favor of a tariff for revenue, and opposed to a Tariff for protection. I was a member of Congre-ss during the period that this suliject excited the greatest interest. I was op- posed to the protective tariff of 1828, and voted against it. I voted for the act of 1832 — because it re- duced the act of 1828 to lower rates. That made some reduction, though not as much as I desired to have made. I voted for the act of March 2d, 1833, (commonly called the compromise act,) which re. duced the rates of the act of 1832 to still lower rates, and finally brought the rates of the act of 1832 down to a point at which no article was after the 30th of June, 1842, to be suljject to a duty hio-her than 20 per cent. This was the law when the late Whig Congress came into power. By the tariflfact of the 30th August, 1842, the comproiniie act wa^ violated and repealed. lam opposed to the act of 1842, not regarding it to be a revenue tariff, but in many of its provisions highly protective and oppressive in its character. I am in favor of the restoration of the compromise act of 1833." The inconsistency is too preposterous to require further remarks from us. Mark the following brief extract : Jas. K. Polk to the people of Tennessee, 1843. I Jas. K. Polk to J. K. Kane, 1844. All who have observed my course know that I | In adjusting the details of a rei'e«7te /«rii#, I have have at all times been opposed to the ''protective heretofore sanctioned such moderate rf«mwj77«/i;2g^ policy." duties, as would at the same time afford reasonable j incidental protection. Again, how can the last paragraph, in the above letter to Mr. Kane, be made to tally with the follow- ing declarations, in his speech, in reply to Milton Brown, at Jackson, April 3,1843. We copy from the Nashville Union, May 5, 1843 : " He was opposed to direct taxes, and to prohibitory ^.xiA protective duties — and in favor of such mod- erate duties as would not cut off importations. In other words, he was in favor of redticin"- the duties to the rates of the compromise act, where the Whig Congress found them on the 29th June, 1842." Plainly indicating that his object would be to procure revenue only, and just so much protection a? must necessarily follow. Again, how does he reconcile to his extreme sense of consistency, his dogged silence, in this con- nection, upon the distribution policy, which he denounced in his Nashville speech in October 1841 as •' designed covertly to afford increased protection to the mannfacturers at the expense of the great body of the people, who are consumers" Yet he now says, in so many words, that he is willing- to col- lect " a sufficient amount" of revenue from a tariff, without once saying that he would insist imon re- taining the land fund in the Treasury. In fact, we predict that if questioned on this head in the south he will not assert that lie 7He««f what he .srtu^ in his letter to Mr. Kane, — but that he is in favor of raising a " sufficient amount" less the land distribution fund. But this, of course, would have been unpopular in the "high tariff State" of Pennsylvania, because it would necessarily imply the cutting down of that protection consequent upon the layino- of revenue duties discriminating in favor of home industry. The letter to Mr. Kane, of Philadelphia, which was evidently designed to convev the idea to the friends of domestic manufactures, that he was in favor of a protective tariff. No person could mistake the import of that letter, or be in doubt as to tlie ol^ject for which it was written. It was palpablv the design of Mr. P., also to induce the people to believe, that in all his congressional career, he was gov- erned by a desire to secure, by the laws of the land, " fair and iust protect ion to all the great interests of the whole Union, embracing dLg^viculturc, manufactures, the mechanic arts, commerce and navigation." Upon the strength of this letter, further, it is claimed by Mr. Polk's friends in the TariffStates, "heig as much the friend of the American manufacturer as Mr. Clay is."* With these facts before them, we ask our readers to peruse the following paragraph, which was the introduction to a letter which Mr. Polk addressed to the people of Tennessee during the last canvass for the gubernatorial chair of that State : Winchester, May 29, 1843. To the people of Tennessee : The object which I had in proposing to Governor Jones, at Carrollville, on the 12th of April last- that we should each write out and publish our views and opinions on the subject of the Tariff was th^ * Extract from Mr. Belsar's speech on the Tariff — " There is also a third class, who are called inciden- tal protectionists ; the armed neutrals ; the half-way house men ; politicians, who have not vet brouo-ht themselves to the sticking point, opposed to monopolies in general, but in favor of those in which their constituents are immediately interested ; legislators who vote according to the views of particular dis- tricts ; a kind of arnphibiou.'-: animal, either for the land or water. our respective positions m.ght be distlncf.y known and understood by the people. That my opinions vsere already fully and distinctly known, I could not doubt. / had steadily durins; the period I was a representative in Congress been opposed to a protective policy, as my recorded votes and published my opinion in my public speeches that the interests of the country, and especially of the producing and of S"" '' '"'"^""■^^ ''' repeal, and the restoration of the principles of the compromise tariff act Now what ought e^ery honest man to think of James K. Polk .' Is an individual, who can be guilty of such Protean conduct, worthy the confidence of the country .' Ou-ht he not rather to be scorned and contemned by every voter worthy ot being called a man ? And will he not be treated bv every ireeman just as his hypocrisy and tergiversation calls for .' Such a creature is, indeed, unworthy of fifi Jk w . ^^ meanest post under the Government, much less to be elevated to an office once hlled by a Washington and a Madison. But, thank Heaven, the country has not fallen to so low a point ,n the scale of honor and wisdom, a. to leave any certain prospect of success to such a time-serving politician and apology for a statesman. MR. clay's AXD MR. POLK'S POSITION DEFINED BY THE LOCO FOCO PARTY. n^l% ^\t ^^''^- ^" P'^''? ^i^<^ that some of the Locofoco party are willing to do justice to Mr. Clay in re- gard to the opinions he entertains on matters of public policy. We wish Locofoco editors and their deluded followers would state things as fairly and honestly as their brethren in Edgefield, South Caro- lina, have done At a large meeting latelv held, thev declared that, «' Mr. Clay s first effort in the United States Senate'was in favor of Internal Improvement, and his nrsi great speech, rnade on his second election to that body as earlv as 1809, was in favor of a Protective Tariff which won him the title of 'Father of the American Svstem.' His subsequent career has proved consistency upon all these points, on which, and manv others of import, the democracy of Ihe ivhole cmmtryare at issue with him. Shall such a man, professing such principles, be made President 01 tne u uted States .^ Let the democracy of the country, from Maine to Louisiana, in one universal acclamation, respond — never! never; Trade and Slavery. Here are two of the resolutions passed in the Edgefield meeting . Kesolved, 1 hat in James K. Polk vye recognize an able advocate of immediate annexation of Jexas zna a firm and consistent opponent of a Protective Tariff and Abolition; and that, therefore, we cordially approve of his nomination, and pledge ourselves to his support. Kesolved, That the Tariff Act of 1812 is liable to all the objections we have heretofore made to me constitutionality and expediency of the measures of the Federal Government for the Protection of iJomestic Manula-tures, with the aggravation that it was a gross breach of the faith plighted to us in tne Compromise ot 183.'5 ; and that we regard the time and measure of our resistance to this act, as matters to be settled upon our own views of expediency, in no wise to be hindered by our supposed allegiance to the Federal Government. r .- j i-i- These gentlemen thoroughly understand Mr. Polk— and they know he will carry out the principles ot their party, if elected. They recognize in him ' the able advocate of immediate Annexation,' and ' a firm and consistent opponent of a Protective Tariff' Let this be remembered. Let Ihe Mechanics, Manufacturers, Farmers, and all other interests in society that are benefitted by the Whig Tariff, re- member that James K. Polk is recognized by his party as the 'firm and consistent opponent,' and tlenry Clay, as the ' Father of the American Svstem, whose first great speech, on his second election to the Senate, as early as 1809, was in favor of a Protective Tariff. MR. CLAt's position DEFIKEl) BT HIMSELF IJH 18'12. The Senator (Mr. Calhoun) was continually charging him (Mr. Clay) with the design of violating tue compromise act? Whejihad he swerved from it 7 He was still for adhering to it, as he under- stood Its principles. Those principles he did not consider incompatible with the Protection of Amer- ^^'^^J^"^^-^^''y^^fi preference to any other. HE HAD LIVED, AJVD WOULD DIE, AJV ADVO- ^fJ?l?^ ^^^ PROTECTIVE SYSTEM, HE HAD JS^EVER CHAjYGED HIS PRIJV. 1 . f ^^^'^ WERE .YOW THE SAME AS THEY HAD EVER BEEA ; but he submitted to the restrictions of the compromise act as a mzttev oi JVECESSITY. And he did not even now think it prudent, because not practicable, to go as far as his inclinations led him. with the \[lTt ''^ PROTECTION But as far as he COULD GO, HE WOULD.— Speech in the Senate. 23d March, 1842, a short time before retiring from that body. MK. CLAY TINDICATED BT MH. POLK. We furnish another short extract from Mr. Polk's Address to the People of Tennessee, April .3, 1839, printed at Columbus, Tennessee, Mr. P's own residence. On page 7, occurs the following paragraph : " The great results of Gen. Jackson's administration belong tu the history of the country, and can be but briefly sketched or alluded to in an address like this. In repeated instances he recommended modifications and reductions of the Tarifi', with a view to the final abandonment of that odious and unjust system. So eftectual were these recommendatiens, and so rapid thechange of public opinion, that the friends of the Tariff, and even Mr. CI ay, its imputed father, seized on a fivoa/j/e moment to save the whole from destruction by a timely cumpromiss. It was the defence of Mr. Clay, with his friends at the North, that by yielding a part, he prevented, the destruction of the vvhole, and in their continued and devoted support of him the Northern capi- talists have shown that they are grateful lor the fortunate rescue." Mark well the language of Mr. Polk. In glorifying Gen Jackson, he affirms that he labored to overturn the protective system, i-ui this he places first among '■^ the great results of Gen. JacUson's administralion." Well, Mr. Polk helped Gen. Jackson all he could in destroying this system, and now Gen. Jackson is doing all he can to help Polk. Who are the deceivers on this subject — Polk and Jackson. But observe again : Polk expressly asserts that Mr. Clay's design in the Compromise was to SAVE THE CAUSE OF PROTECTION. Who is the false witness.'— J. K. Polk, who declares that Mr. Clay made a " fortunate rescue" of the cause of Protection by the compromise, or any loccfoco who says that Mr. Clay abandoned that great cause in that act.' We throw this testimony of Mr. Poik into the teeth of the calumniators of Mr. Clay; let them retract their calumnies, or impeach the veracity of their own candidate. THE- WHIR TARIFF OF 1842 WHO FHAJIEl) IT; \TKO SUPPORTED IT; WHO OPPOSED IT; A>'15 TO WHOM IS THE tOUxNTRr INDEBTED FOR ITS PASSAKE. The high handed attempt of the Locofoco editors, orators and politicians in the country, with the view of deceiving their party into the belief that James K. Polk, the candidate of the anti-Taritl, Eres Trade party, is as good a democrat as Henry Clay, the gieat champion of the " American System," and that the credit of passing the present excellent Taritl' belongs as much to the Locofocos as to the Whigs, has induced us to investigate the records of the pp^t, with the view of spreading before all who desire correct information, a brief history of the original passage of the bill, so that every man, be he a Whig or Locofoco. may vote understandingly upon this important question. The statements, votes, &c. •which the reader will fini subjoined, are taken from files of papers, and the Journals of Congress. We give tliem precisely as we find them recorded, when the measure was new and tmtried, and before it had acquired its present popularity, when public opinion was divided upon this subject, and when the Whig party alone stood up for the establishment of the system. We wish it usiderstood that, in presenting the following facts to the consideration of the public, we challenge contradiction ; we defy all the Locofoco papers in the country, to prove a single untrutii or prevarication, in any thing which they may find annexed. THE COXGRESS OF 1S4-3, AND THE POSITION OF THE PRESIDEJTT. In order to a proper understanding of the whole question, it must be recollected that the Congress of 1842 was a Whig Congress ; that the Whigs had a majority in both branches, and that it was the inten- tion of this Congress to put in force those leading Whig measures which the people had in view in electing General Harrison, and returning a majority of Whig representatives, to assist him in carry- ing out whig measures. The death of General Harrison in one short month after his inauguration, and the elevation of John Tyler to the first office in the nation, must also be borne in mind, prostrated the hopes of the Whig party. At that time, owing to the ruinous measures of the V'an Buren administra- tion, the country was in a most deplorable condition ; the treasury was bankrupt, and the currency to- tally destroyed ; a debt of twenty- five millions unpaid ; the compromise act of 1833, about expiring, and a large party in Congress disposed to thwart every attempt to settle upon a safe basis the revenue system, a basis which should afford a suitable protection to American industry. We will remark in the first place, that among the important measures loudly called for, by the country, and demanded by the exigencies of the times, was a Tariff, which would afford a home market for our agricultural products, and give protection to our manufactures and citizens, over the pauper labor of Europe, and re-infuse vigor and enterprise in all the ramifications of business, which had been gen- erally prostrated by the gradual reduction of duties uii foreign goods, fixed by the compromise act. Ac- cording to the provisions of the act, the last great reduction was to take place on the 30th of Jane, 1842, after which our country would have been inundated with foreign goods, and our own manu- factures completely and entirely prostrated. But, besides ruining our manufactures, the operation of the compromise act was fast destroying our national credit. It is certainly the true policy, so to fix the rates of duties, as to afford ample revenue for all its wants ; but, although Mr. Van Buren came into power, with a surplus of $'9,00(),000 in the treasury, yet during his administiation, the revenue fell so short of the extravagant wants of the Govern:nent as administered by him, that upon the accession of General Harrison, the country was many millions in debt, and the national credit exhausted. FIRST TOTE REFERENCE OF THE SUBJECT OF LEVYING >BW DUTIES TO A COMMITTEE. This being the state of the country, the new Whig congress assembled in regular session on the first Monday in December, 1841, and immediately set about adopting means of relief. And here an exhibi- tion of hands took place between the respective parties. On the reference of so much of the President's Message, as related to discriminating duties to an appropriate committee, Mr. Fillmore, of N Y., a thorough going, uncotnpromising Wiiig, moved that it be referred to the Committee on Manufactures. Mr. Atherton, of N. H., the present United States senator, who was a member of the House at that time, being a strong Free Trade man, moved its reference to the Committee ot Ways and Means. He Contended that the adoption of Mr. Fillmore's motion would be countenancing the principle of protec- tion, while his own embraced that of revenue merely. AVe may add by the way, that this reference had always been regarded as a test question: the advocates of the protective policy, uniformly voting to refer all matters connected with the imposition of duties to the Commiltee on Manu acHires, who are presumed to have this branch of our national industry under their special care, and the friends of Free Trade or low duties, invariably moving its reference to the Committee of Ways and Means, whose duty it is to provide for revenue alone, without regard to the encouragement of our national industry. Alter debating upon tlie subject for several weeks, the previous question was called, and the main questmn being on the adoption of Mr. Atherton's motion to refer to the Committee of Ways and Means, the House decided as follows : Yeas — {Against protection) 95 — of which seventy-one were Locofocos, and twenty-four Southern Whigs. Nays — (For protection) 104 — of which ninety were Whigs, and only fourteen Locofocos. Mr. Atherton's motion being lost, Mr. Fillmore's prevailed without further struggle, and the whole subject was referred to the Committee on Manufactures, who in due time reported THK TARIFF AND DISTRIBUTION BILL. The bill was precisely similar in all its essential provisions to the present Tariff, with the excep- tion that it contained 2i clause providing for the distnbutian of the proceeds of the sales of the pub- lic lands among the several States, according to the ratio of their population. The bill was de- signed to afford protection to the agricultural, manufacturing and michanical interests, and at the same time calculated to yield a revenue sufficient for all the wants of the (General Government, without the application of one cent of the land fund, which the Whigs contended, and still contend, do rightfully belong to the States. Had this bill been approved, not only would we have been reaping all the benefits which the country derives from the effects of the present Tariff, but each Slate in the Union would have annually received her quota of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, and applying it to the extinguishment of the interests annually accruing on her enormous State debt, and the people relieved in a great measure, from the heavy taxation to which they are now subjected. As far as the great State of Pennsylvania is concerned, the bill was infinitely better designed to promote her interests than the present one. Her iron, and coal, and her manufactures of all kinds, were amply protected. THE VOTE UPON THIS BILL- ^y xeierr'm^io the \>xocee<\\\igs published at the time, it will be seen that the vote in the House of Representatives on the Tariff and Distribution bill, stood 116 to 112. Of the votes in favor of the bill, 115 WERE WHIGS, and 1 (Parmenter of Mass.) Locofoco Of the 112 votes against the bill, 97 were Locofocos, (all they had but one,) 2 were Tyler men, and 13 were Southern Whigs. So the bill passed the House, with but one Locofoco vote, and no need of that. The bill next went to the Senate, and after another warm discussion, passed that body by the follow- ing vote : Yeas— 25— ALL WHIGS. Nays — 23 — twenty cf whom were Locofocos — (all thev had) and three Southern Whigs. Thus it will be seen, that this Tariff bt][ passed both Houses, with but A SINGLE LOCOFOCO VOTE liv ITS FAVOR, and that not wanted. So much for the assertion, that the Whigs had no strength to pass a Tariff Bill without Locofoco aiiL VETO BY THE PRESIDENT. On the 5di of August, 1842, the Tariff' and Distribution bill passed the Senate by the vote above stated, and on the day following, it was sent to the President for his approval. On the 9th of the san^e month, the President returned it to the House of liepresentatives with his oe^o- -his objections being mainly based upon the incorporation of the Distribution clause. Thus was the desire of the Whig rtp- resentatives to relieve the sufTering community frustrated by the opposition of Johii Tyler. THE EFFECT OF THE VETO. The eflect of the Veto was well nigh proving most disastrous to the interests of the nation. The efforts of the Whigs to relieve the country had been thwarted at almost every step by the vetoes of the President, and when he returned this bill, which incorporated in its provisions their cherished and cardinal measures of protection and distribution, the members of the Whig parly felt the humiliation most poignant- ly. The question presented itself to many of them in this wise : " Shall we, the immediate representa- tives ot the people, subject ourselves to another huniiliation, by moulding and slui|)iiig our measure to suit the peculiar views of the President, whose accession to power has been purely uccidental, or shall we go home and leave him without the means of revenue to carry on the Government, until such time 313 his Accidency pleased to bend his single will to mtr views ?" To pursue the latter course was the natural impulse of almost every Whig member ; to vote in favor of any thing to please John Tyler, be- came from that moment repugnant to many Whigs, who were the most ardent friends of protection. But, on the other hand, the condition of the country had become such that the Whigs, badly as they had been treated, felt it to be their duty, as guardians of the public weal, to submit to still further humil- iation in oriler to promote the general good. Although the session had been greatly protracted, neverthe- less it was resolved to ;nake one more effort to relieve the suffering community. Accordingly the Hon. THOMAS M. T. McKENNAN, one of the noble Whig representatives from Pennsylvania, repo rted the old vetoed Tariff bill, with the distribution clause stricken out, and urged it forward with all the elo- quence and influence which he could command ; and on the 2'2d of August, 1842, this bill, which was nothing more nor less than THE PRESENT TARIFF LAW, was taken up in Committee of the Whole, and by a vote of 90 to 67 reported to the House. And now commenced the tug of war in earnest. With a few exceptions, the whole weight and talent of the Locofoco party Wds exerted to prevent the passage of any bill having for its object the protection of American industry. But protedion was a favorite measure of Whig policy, and most nobly did they battle against the opposition to it. No time was to be lost. The Whig members, dishear'.ened by the course of John Tyler, were daily leaving for their homes. The Previous Question was moved, seconded, and sustained, and Mr McKennan's amendment passed the (''onimittee of the Whole by a vole of yeas 102 — nays 99. The f|uestion was next taken on the engrossment of the bill, and the vote stood yeas 101 — nays 101 — a tie, but the Speaker (White) voting in the negative the bill was lost. Whereupon Mr. Thompson, of Indiana, moved a reconsideration, which prevailed — yeas 106, nays 98. Then came the vote on the final passage of the bill, which first stood — yeas 103, nays 102, Here there being a majority of but a single one, it was insisted by the opponents of the bill that the Speaker should vote. After con- sulting the rules, he concluded it was his duty to do so, and voted again in the negative, thus making a tie — 103 to !03. Messrs. Stanley, of North Carolina, and Andrews, of Kentucky, who had not voted now came forth and voted in the uffirmative, and the bill was carried by the following vote : The vote on the final passage of the present Tariff in the House. There were 10.5 votes given in favor of the bill. Of these EIGHTY-FIVE WEREWHIGS— and but TWENTY I.OCOFOCOS. Of the 20 Locofocos, ten were from the strong TariflT State of Penn- sylvania; 7iine from the Tariff" State of New York, and one from the TaiifiT State of Massachusetts, and not one from, any other State. There were 103 votes given against the bill in the House. Of these SIXTY-FIVE WERE LOCO- FOCOS; thirty five were Vl-^/^s, and /Aree were Tyler men. Five Locofocos from New York, /ire from Pennsylvania, two from Maine, and fve others, making in all SEVENTEEN LOCOFOCOS WHO DODGED THE QUESTION. Of the Locofoco Representatives in the House at the time — Every Locofoco from Maine, Every Locofoco from Louisiana, Every Locofoco from New Hampshire, Every Locofoco from Tennessee, Every Locofoco from Maryland, Every Locofoco from Illinois, Every Locofoco from Virginia, Every Locofoco from Missouri, Every Locofoco from North Carolina, Every Locofoco from Arkansas, Every Locofoco from South Carolina, Every Locofoco from Ohio, Every Locofoco from Kentucky, Every Locofoco from Indiana, Every Locofoco from Georgia, Every Locofoco from Mississippi, Every Locofoco from Alabama. And seven Locofocos from New York, ¥OTED AGAINST THE PRESENT TARIFF. The vote in the Senate. The bill having passed the House, as above stated, was sent to the Senate, and on the 27th of August passed that body as follows: Yeas 24 — Twenty of irhom lucre Whigs and four Locofocos. Nays 23— FOURTEEN OF WHOM^WERE LOCOFOCOS, eight Whiss, and one Tiler man. Thus it will be seen that FOUR TIMES AS MANY Whigs as Locofocos voted for the present Tariff in the House, and FIVE TIMES as many Whigs as Locos in the Senate; and yet the Locofoco party has the impudence to declare that the country is indebted as much to the Locofocos as the Whigs for the ;pas8age of the present tariff! Why did a portion of the Whigs vole against the bill? It is asserted by the Locofocos that the Whigs who opposed the bill, after it had been modified to suit 'the peculiar views of John Tyler, did so because they were oppo.sed to its protective character. This is not so. It will be seen above that they voted nearly unanimously in favor of the vetoed bill containing the distribution clause, which received but a single Locofoco vote, and could have been passed very readily without that. The reason they voted against Mr. McKemvan's bill, was simply because they were op- posed to striking out the land clause, thereby yielding up the cherished Whig principle of disfn'lmtiQZi, ■•■ip 8 to gratify the notions of John Tyler. What other motive, we ask of every man of common sense and common political honesty, could have iniluced staunch Whigs to vote against the billl In voting as they did, they did not vote against the Tariif, but against the surrender of the land distribution, and the pros- tration of the proper independence of the Congress of the U. States at the footstool of Executive power. Now, let us have the reasons of Chahlks Buown, a Locofoc.) member of Congress, re|)resenting the interests of Philadelphia county. He voted for the bill, but says it was the "bitterest pill" he ever had to swallow ! Here is his letter, as published in the Globe the very day after the passage of the Tariff bill in the House. To the Editor of the Glolc .- House of Reprksentatives, August 23d, 1842. Your reporter has reported me trnly in making me say yesterday, when my name was called on the engrossment of the Tariti'bill, that it was the iiittkhkst pill 7 have ever had to swallow; and that the ne- cessity of the case alone could induce me to vote "aye " And you are also correct in saying that the Democrats who voted for the bill did so "against both their inclination and their judgment;" at least I know it was so with me. Nothing but the deplorable situation of the Government, brought on by tho reckless misrule of the Whig majority in Congress, and the abandonment of the wreck they had made — the doubtful existence of any law to collect any revenue, and the impossibility of getting another bill passed at this session, which would stop the distribution of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands — could have induced me to vote as I did; for I am not one of those who believe that high tariffs or taxes will promote the interests or remove the burdens of the people. Nor would these, strong as they are, have been sufficient reasons, had it not been for the hope that the Senate would remove from the bill some of its more onerous provisions; and should this hope fail, the full confidence that at an early day a Democratic Congress would remove such portions of it as may be found oppressive on any section of the country, or any of its industrial pursuits. Nor will it be less their duty to reduce the expenditures of the Government to the lowest possible point — the only true and effi- cient means of bringing permanent relief to all parts of the country, and reducing tariffs of duties or taxes on the people. Yours, truly, CHARLES BROWN. In connection with the above, read the following paragraph from the speech of Mr. East?ian, a Loco- foco member of (Congress from New Hampsliire : " Opposition to tho protective policy is clearly and unequivocally a Democratic (Locofoco) doctrine. It is one of the landmarks of the Democratic (l.ocofoco) party. Go where yon will, sir. North, South, East, or West, and the Democratic (Locofoco) party will tell you that they are opposed to the protective system. But while you will find upon this side almost the entire body of the Democrat ic (Locofoco) party, you will find upon the other the great mass of the Whig party. Sir, let me repeat it, the protective sys- tem is essentially the Whig system." In the Senate there was a clear Whig majority of two for the first bill, every Loco voting against it. The three Whig Senators voting nay are noiv in favor of the Tariff of 1842. We therefore utterly deny the slightest credit to the Locofoco party for the Tariff of 1842; but one solitary Locofoco went for that bill until after one of its best features had been stricketi out — a feature which would have secured per- manency and stability to protection. The above vote is important in another respect ; we think it proves that the two parties do not agree quite so perfectly u| on this question as the Locofocos would have the peo[ilc believe. They were then at issue — they are now at isstae — and their chosen leaders are Henry Clay and James K. Polk. Such is the true issue; so is it regarded by the Whig party, and by at least eight-tenths of the Locofoco party. In truth, Messrs. Clay and Polk have placed themselves in direct issue on the Tariff' of 1842 ; and it is utterly unjustifiable, by the Locofoco party, to attempt to put them in a false position- AVHAT PAUT had L0C0F0C0IS3M IX THE ATTE]WPT TO REPEAL THE TARIFF.' At the last session, the tariff question was again brought up. Who were in favor, and who against? Mr. McKay, L. F., from the Committee of Ways and Means, reported a tariff bill reducing the duties to a low rate, about 20 per cent. When the final vote was about to be taken — Mr. Elmer rose and moved that the bill and amendments be laiu on the table. Mr. Cave Johnson asked the yeas and nays, which were ordered. Mr. Hardin rose to inquire of .\1r. Elmer whether this was to be regarded as a test vote. Mr. Elmer was understood i& reply that he so considered it. The question, " Shall the bill and amendments be laid on the fable V was then taken, and decided in the affirmative, as follows: Yeas — Messrs. Abbott, Adams, Ashe, Baker, Barringer, Barnard, Bidlack, J. Black, Brengle, Brod- head, M. Brown, J. Brown, Buffington, Jeremiah E. Cari/, Carroll, Cutlin, Causin, Chilton, Clinch, Clingman, Collamer, Cianston, Dana, Darragh, G. Davis, R. D. Davis, Deberry, Dellet, Dickey, Dick- inson, Dillingham, Ellis, Elmer, Ff tee. Fish, Florence. Foot, Foster, French, Giddings, W. Green, B. Green, Grinnell, Grider, Hardih, JI -rper, Hubbell, Hudson, W, Hunt, C. J. IngtrsoU,i. R. Ingersoll, Irvin, Jenks, P. B. Johnson, J. P. Kennedy. D P. King, Kirkpnirick, McTIvaine, Maish, E. Joy Morris, Morse, Mosely, Nes, Newton, Pormenfer, Pattersun, Peyton, Phoenix, Pollock, E. R. Potter, Preston, Ramsey, Rayner, RUfer, Rorkwell, Rogers, Russell, Simple, Schenck, Severance, D. L. Seymour, Simons, A. Smith, J. T. Smith, C. B. Smith, Spence, Stephens, Stetson, A. Stewart, Summers, Si/kes. Thomas- son, Tilden, Tyler, Vance, Vanmeter, Vinton, Wethered, Wkeaton, White, Williams, Winthrop, W. Wright, IW— 105. Nays — Messrs. Anderson. Atkinson, Bavley, Belser, Benton, J. A. Black, Blackweil, Bower, Bowlin, Boyd, BrinkerhofT. W. J. Brown, Burke, Burt, Cnldwell, Camphell, S. Gary, R Chapman, A. A. Chap- man, Chappell, Clinton, Cobb, Coles, Cross, Cullom, Daniel, J. W. Davis, Dawson Dean. Douglass, Dromg-oole, Duncan, Dunlap, Ficklin, Hale. Hamlin, Hammett. Haralson, Henry, Herrick, Holmes, Hoffe. Hopkins. Houston, Hubard, Hughes, Hungeiford, Jas. B. Hunt, Cave Johnson, A. Johnson, G. W. Jones, A. Kennedy, P. King, Labranche, Leonard, Lucas, Lumpkin, Lyon, McCauslen, Maclay, McClelland, McClernand, McConnell, McDowell, McKay. Matthews. J. Morris, Murphy, Korris, Owen, Payne. Pettit, E. D. Potter, Pratt, Rathbun, D. S. Reid, Re.iing, Relfe, Rhett, Roberts, Robinson, St. John, Saunders, T. H. Seymour, Simpson, Slidell, R. Smith, Steenrod, J. Stewart, Stiles, Stone, Strong, Taylor, Thompson, Tibbatts, Weller, Wentworth, Woodward, J. A. Wright — 99. /o the bill and amejidmenfs were laid on the table. Of the \0^ Ayes, seventi/seven were Whigs, all who were elected but four, and 28 Locos. All the nays were Loco Foeos. Here they are : Every Locofoco from Maine - - - 4 j The Locofoco from Arkansas - - . 1 Every Locofoco from New Hampshire - 4 | Every Locofoco present from Missouri - 4 Every Jjocofoco from Illinois - . . 6 Every Locofoco prese?;/ from Indiana - 7 Every Locofoco from Ohio ... 9 Every Locofoco but one from Kentucky - . 4 Every Locofoco present from Tennessee - h Every Locofoco from Michigan - - 3 Half of the Locofocos from Connecticut - 4 A majority of the Locofocos from N. York - 12 Every I>ocofoco from Virginia - - - 10 Every Locofoco from North Carolina - - 4 Every Locofoco present from Georgia - 4 Every Locofoco from South Carolina - - 7 Every Locofoco from Alabama - - - 5 Every Locofoco present from Mississippi - 3 j Making a Locofoco vote of - - 98 Every Locofoco from Louisiana ---31 ^ Beinpr more than three -fourths of t lie whole Locofoco detestation in Congress voting against the pre- sent tariff, and in favor of sustaining the Locofoco tariff bill of McKay. Mr. Irvin moved a reconsideration, the vote on which was attempted to be put off; but, after a good deal of shuffling and attempts to frustrate the motion, they had to come up to the scratch, as follows: Yeas — Messrs Anderson, A^'ringfon, Atkinson, Bayley. Belser, Benton, J. A. Black, Blackweil, Bower. Bowlin. Biyd, BrinkerhofT. W. J. Brown, Burke, Burt, Caldwell. Campbell, S. Gary, R. Chap- man, A. A. Chapman, Chappell, Clinton, (^obb. Coles, Gross, Cullom. Daniel, J. W. Davis, Dawson, Dean, Dromgoole, Duncan, Dunlap, Ficklin. Hale, Hamlin, Hammett, Haralson, Henley. Herrick. Holmes, Hoge, Hopkins, Houston, Hubard, Hughes, J. B. Hunt, Cave Johnson, A. Johnson, G. W. Jones, A Kennedy, P. King. Labranche, Leonard. Lucas, Lumpkin, Lyon, McCauslon, McClay, McClel- land, McClernand, McConnell, McDowell, McKay, Matthews, J. Morris, Murphy, Norris, Owen, Payne, Pettit. E. D Potter. Rathbun, D S. Reid, Reding, Relfe, Rhett, Robinson, St." John, Saunders. T. H. Seymour, Simons, Simpson, Slidell, T. Smith, Steenrod, J. Stewart. Stiles, Stone, Strong, Taylor, Thompson. Tibbatts, Weller, Wentworth, Wheaton, Woodward, J. A. Wright — 99. Nays — Messrs. Abhott, Adams, Ashe, Baker, Barringer, Barnanl, Bidlack, Brengle, Brodhead, M. Brown, J. Brown, Buffington, J. E Gary, Carroll, Catlin, Causin. Chilton. Clinch, Kingman. Collamer. Cranston, Dana. Darragh, G Davis, R. D. FJavis, Deberry, Dellet, Dickey, Dickinson, DitlinQ cents a pound from a British colony. Now can any man see any reason for reducing our tariff, and admitting British manu- factures at lower rates, in any prospect there is that England will take any more of our agricultural products .'han she does at present .' England raises more revenue on our tobacco than the whole amount of our imposts. Tbe average amount ot duties on American productions in all Europe is estimated at 100 per cent.; while the average of our duties on all European productions is not 30 percent. If the Locofoco party succeed in breaking down the manufacturing interests, whai would be the con- dition of the country ^ In the first place, the duties on fbrcgn produce would be taken off", and the produce of Europe would be admitted duty free. Under the \o:\i prices, however, at which oui own grain would sell, it is not likely that any great amount would b.» imported. The farmers would lose the market tor their wool, silk, hemp, &c. They would cease to be manu- factured, and could not of course be exported ; the market, which for these three articles alone amounts as we hare seen, to ^3 1, 000,000, would be at once annihilated. The farmers, in the next place, would lose the home market, in which they now sell to those engaged in manufacturing, wheat, provisions, &c., to the amount annually of .$•140,000,000. Here are two markets for American produce to the amount of $171,000,000, utterly and forever destroyed. What, meantime, becomes of the 800,000 persons engaged in i-'«anufacturing .' The great mass of them — at least three-fourths — must become farmers. Each of them would raise produce to the amount of at least .$;400 ; and this would give an aggregate of §'240,000 over. Looking forward to the subversion of the system of protection in the event of James K. Polk's election to the presidency, we ask what will become of the annual pro(iucts which will swell to over thirteen hundred millions of dollars annually at the present prices. Half of this, at the very least, would remain on hand, after making full allowance for the consumption of those engaged in raising it, and a market would thus be demanded for more than six hundred millions annually. What provision do the Loco Focos make for this vastly increased amount of surplus produce .' What new markets do they open .' What old ones do they enlarge .' What restrictions upon existing markets do they remove .' What new and effectual way do they point out to the farmers of America for disposing of this vast surplus of their productions .' Under the American System the home market buys about /li'O hundred millions, nearly half ot the entire surplus : and the stimulus given to new branches ofi ndustry affords constant, and constantly increasing demand for the remainder. Is this still further enlarged under the new Loco Foco system .' On the contrary it is ANNIHILATED ! And not only that," but those who once formed it are made the RIV.\LS of those from whom they once bought these products ! No new market is created in its stead ; no old one is enlarged ; no barriers of the trade are broken down ; but this vast surplus of $'600,000,000 is made entirely dependent on the foreign market, a market 3,000 miles off, guarded by foreign legislation, entirely beyond American control, constantly subjected to enormous duties, and a market, moreover, which has never yet afforded a sale of twenty millions of the agricultural productions of America. THE DUTIES IMPOSF.n BY THE BBITISH TARIFF BILL ON AMERIC.iN PRODUCTS. Great Britain imposes duties on American produce imported into her markets, as follows ; Wheat 60 per cent. Beef 80 per cent. Potatoes 84 per cent. Butter 28 per cent. Barley 74 " Pork 68 " Flour 60 " Cheese 32 Oats 100 '• Bacon 8.5 " Hay 137 " Timber 96 Now, how can we hope, in the face ot these duties, to sell to England any great amount of agricul- tural products .' She never buys any of us unless she is compelled to do it by the necessities of her people ; and those necessities she can, in ordinary cases, supply far more cheaply with grain from the Baltic and Black seas, than from the United States. She has repeatedly and recently declared she will not repeal or reduce these duties ; and though we may make laws to admit every thing she makes into this country duty free, it would scarcely increase the exportation of our farmer's products a single bushel ! VVe cannot expect hereafter to export to foreign countries any more of these products than we have done heretofore, and that amount, as we have seen, has never yet reached $200,000,000. We have never yet been able, and have no reason to believe we shall be able to sell to all tlie rest of the world one twentieth p^rt of the surplus productions of our farmers. DIRECT TAXATION SUPPORTED BY THE lOCOFOCO PARTY. Free Trade, when fully carried out, implies the abolition of all custom house duties, and the coUec- 13 tion of the necessary revenue for the support of the General Government by means of direct taxation., It can be fully established in no other way. Free trade exists now between the different States of this Union, and consequently the several State Governments are supported by direct taxation on the property of the people. Free trade in like manner can only exist between the United States and foreign coun- tries, by resorting to the same system of raising a revenue. The advocates of free trade, then, to be consistent, must also be at heart in favor of direct taxation, and seek to put it in practice as soon as they get the power. Hitherto, with a few Southern exceptions, they have professed to be hostile to it. But they are beginning to show their true colors. There are Locofocos who already avow themselves in favor of direct taxation, for the support of the General Gov- ernment. Now, we are not about to discuss the merits of this system, which has been openly presented as the avowed policy of the Locofoco party, farther than to say, that it has ever been regarded as odious and oppressive to the people, wherever it has been tried. But we propose to give a table showing the amount which each State would be required to pay annually in addition to its present taxation for State, county, and township purposes. And tor that purpose, we select the expenditures of Mr. Van Buren's admin- istration. According to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, the annual average of Mr. Van Buren's expenditures, including interest on treasury notes, was .fliSo, 352,953. To this must be added, enough to cover the cost of assessment and collection, and the ordinary losses. Mr. Gallatin, a free trade man, when Secretary of the Treasury, showed conclusively, that the cost and losses would be far greater, under the system of direct taxation. We add, therefore, for this, $-2,700,000, making in all the round sum of thirty -six millions. The following table, then, prepared by the Hon. Mr. Hudson at the last session of Congress, shows the quota to be paid by each State of Mr. Van Buren's average annual expenditures. Maine, #1,134,045 New Hampshire, - - - 645,740 Vermont, 645,740 Massachusetts, - . - . 1,614,350 Rhode Island .... 322,870 Connecticut, . - . . 645,740 New York, .... 5,488,790 New Jersey, .... 807,175 Pennsylvania, .... 3,874,440 Ohio, 3,390,135 Indiana, 1,614,350 Illinois, 1,130,045 Michigan, ..... 484,306 Delaware, $161,435 Maryland, 968,710 Virginia, 2,421,525 North Carolina, ... - 1,452,915 South Carolina, .... 1,130,045 Georgia, 1,291,480 Alabama, 1,130,045 Mississippi, ..... 645,740 Louisiana, 645,740 Tennessee, 1,775,783 Kentuckv, 1,614,350 Missouri," 807,173 Arkansas, 161,435 Mr. Slidell, in his speech on the tariff, told us how superior this system of direct taxation was to all other systems, but concluded that it was unpopular now, and, of course, " out of the question." Hear what he said on this subject : "Of all the modes of raising revenue, direct taxation, in the shape of an uniform per centage upon eviry species of property, real and personal, or upon income, is probably the most equitable that could be devised. It is ihe only means by which the lich can be made to pay their fair quota for the support of the Government which protects them in the enjoyment of their property. It is certainly the system which would ensure the most economical administration ; for all experience shows that a heavy indirect taxation is more cheerfully submitted to, than a more moderate direct one. The same person who cheer- fully, because unconsciously, pays dollars, in the shape of the enhanced price cau.sed by imposts on arti- cles of daily necessary consumption, would receive most ungraciously, the visit of the national tax-gath- erer for a much smaller sum ; and in proportion to the grudging reluctance with which he paid the tax, would be the watchful scrutiny with which he would criticise its expendituic. Mr. A. Johnson, of Tennessee, on the Naval Appropriation Bill, said, " he was not an advocate for direct taxation ; but he held that it would be a cheaper and more equitable mode of collecting the revenue than the present one. At all events, a system of direct taxation would put an end to these extravagant and visionary schemes of expenditure that were now resorted to." " Mr. Smith of Va., followed Mr. Summers. After pointing out the various modes by which Govern- ment could raise revenue, expressing his preference for a system, of internal taxation." 4"C. — Debate in Congress, July 9, 1842. These are the remarks of the Hon. Wm. Smith, one of the Polk ekctoral candidates in the State of Virginia. " Direct taxation is not enly the doctrine of Democracy, but it is the doctrine of the Constitution. It is plain that direct taxes were contemplated to be raised as a permanent source of revenue, by those who framed it." — See Mr. Rhett's speech on the Independent Treasury, Congressional Globe, vol. 3, p. 651. " Indirect taxation, that is, laying the taxes on foreign articles when imported into the country, is an admirable expedient for a despotism." — Same as above. Mr. Levi Woodbujit, Mr. Van Buren's Secretary of the Treasury, said : " My own schemes of reve- nue would be not to derive more than half of the revenue from imports. The public lands, EXCISES, and perhaps a STAMP TAX should furnish ihe rest." 14 MR. CLAY IN KELATIOW TO THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURE THE BANKRUPT LAW, ETC. The following letter from Mr. Clay to Gen. R. L. Caruthers, of Tennessee, speaks for itself: Ashland, August 20th, 1844. Mt dear sir : I received your letter of the 12th instant. You surprise me by the statement of some opinions which are attributed to me. Nothing can he more unfounded than the assertion that I am un- friendly to the protection of agriculture. I consider that interest in all its departments as the predominant interest in the United States. Cotton, hemp, wool, manufactures of tobacco, and other articles of agricul- tural products are now protected, and if the measure of protection be inadequate, no man in the U. States ■would be willing to go farther than I would in extending suHicient protection. I have never held or ex- pressed any other sentiments. The substance of what I have said, and which is to he found in my pub- lished speeches, is, that agriculture in the United States, owing to our distance from European countries, needs but little direct protection. But the principal aim in introducing and protecting manufactures is, to benefit agriculture by opening a new and home market for its surplus productions. Expressions dispar- aging to agriculture, or rather to the habits of those who pursue it, have been put into my mouth, and paraded at the head even of newspapers. I never used such expressions. They have been forged or fab- ricated by political enemies. Of all the pursuits of man I consider the cultivation of the earth as the most honorable. It is my own pursuit, and any reflecting man must at once perceive that I could say nothing derogatory from it. I have already stated in a letter which has been published, that the General Assembly of Kentucky gave me no instructions to vote for the repeal of the Bankrupt law. Instructions were pending before the leg- islature, but they fell by a disagreement between the two Houses. I consider that the American people have expressed a decided disapprobation of the late Bankrupt lavsr, and for one, in deference to that opinion, I do not desire to see that law revived or any other Bankrupt law passed. I congratulate you on the satisfactory result of the August elections, and remain your friend, and obe- dient servant, H. CLAY. Gen. R. L. Caruthers, VOTE ON THE ZOLL-VEREIN TREATY.* Vietvs of Mr. Pslk's party in the Senate on the Tariff. The Zoll-Verein treaty, made by Mr. Tyler's administration, our readers know was laid on the table in the Senate; that is, the Senate refused to confirui it. This treaty is a commercial treaty, made with Prussia, Bavaria, and other Germanic States, containing in the whole about twenty-seven millions of people. By this treaty, which was sought by Mr. Tyler, it was agreed that the American Government should reduce the duties on most important articles to 15 and 20 per cent, below the terms of the com- promise act. "Article 1. The United States of America agree not to impose duties on the importation of the fol lowing articles, the growth, produce, and manufacture of the States of the Germanic Association of Cus toms and Commerce, exceeding — I. Twenty per centum ad valorem on the importation of — 1. All woollen, worsted, and cotton mits, ( aps and bindings, and woollen, worsted, and cotton hosiery, that is to say, stockings, socks, drawers, shirts, and all other similar manufactures made on frames. NOTES ON THE ZOLL VEREIN TREATY. The commercial convention negotiated in 1815, effected some reduction in the duties as imposed by existing regulations. This treaty it was contended by a large majority in Congress, was intrenching upon the powers of Congress, and before it could be considered a valid treaty, it required the action of that body to give it validity. It will be perceived the Zoll Verein treaty presents an analogous ease, we have, therefore, made the following extracts from the debate on the question : " The only difference between the present and former cases was, that in this case the Convention stipulates advantages to British vessels, which cannot be enjoyed without an alteration of the system of revenue and repeal of existing laws." — See Nile's Register, page 15, Suppl., vol. 9. — Mr. torsyth. " A treaty never can legitimately do that which can be done by law." — See Niles' Register, page Supplement 22, 23, vol. 9.— Mr. Calhovn. " If we were indeed to give into the monstrous construction, that a treaty of itself is to be regarded as a law, that it can repeal a solemn act of the legislature, and operate directly upon the community without the agency of that branch of the government, in cases exclusively within the legislative sphere, toi what fatal lengths shall we not be led. If treaties have this effect in one case, why not in all ? If in taking off a duty, why not in making an appropriation." Again : " And what is the present case. The treaty engages that a part of our revenue, which were heretofore raised from taxes and duties on British ships shall be taken off, or from some other source which might be equally disagreeable ; and thus although this House has a peculiar control over such subjects, the President and Senate, under the construction given to the constitution, would be vested ^; that instrument with the mandatory power of directing this body in what manner taxes shall be paid." "^^ee Niles' Register, 9 rol., page 22, 25, Supplement. — Judge Tucker, of Virginia. 15 2. On all musical instruments of every kind, except piano fortes. II. Fifteen per centum ad valorem on the importation of — 1. All articles manufactured of flax or hemp, or of which flax or hemp shall be the component part of the chief value, except cotton bagging, or any other manufacture suitable for the uses to which cottoii bagging is applied. 2. All manufactures of silks, or of which silk shall be the component part of the chief value. 3. Thibet, merinos, meiino shawls, & all manufactures of combed wool, or of worsted and silk combined?' The duty is to be reduced, it will be observed, on stockings, mits, &c., to 2U per cent. Stockings are now made as there designated; and wc presume most of the articles are manufactured in the United States. But look further — the duty on hemp, on silks, and on manufactures of combed wool is reduced to l-'i per cent.! — Five per cent, helnw what the niillijiers asked. The treaty went to reduce the actuaS tariflf, passed by the representatives of the people, about ten per cent on these article. Who voted against laying this treaty on the table — that is in it-3 favor. This is the vote : Yeas — Messrs. Archer, Barrow, Bates, Bayard, Berrien, Clayton, Crittenden, Dayton, Evans, Foster, Francis, Henderson, Huntington, Jarnagin, Johnson, Mangum, Merrick, Miller, Morehead, Pearce, Phelps, Simmons, Sturgeon, Tallmadge, Upham, and White. — 27. Nats — Messrs. Atchison, Atherton, Bagby, Benton, Breese, Colquitt, Fairfield, Fulton, Haywoodj Huger, Lewis, McDutfie, Niles, Sevier, Tappan, Walker, W^oodbury — 18. Here it will be seen Mr. Polk's party, and only they, voted in favor of this nullifying treaty. Sturgeon, of Pa., voted with the Whigs- -Buchanan, Wright, and Hannegan dodged. Now mark — here are two principles which Mr. Polk's party declare themselves, by this vote, to be in favor of: 1st. They are willing to do this by an unconstitutional act ! This is palpable, because it will not be denied that Congress, the entire representatives of the people, are vested by the Constitution with th« power to raise revenues, and levy duties Yet this power, the Polk party, by this vote, declare that they are willing to nullify, by the act of the President and Senate alone. The vote is a nullifying vote, and nothing but that. It goes to place the legislative power of the Union at the feet of the Executive ! ! It is all that the Whigs have charged against the " Progressive Democracy," on the score of a tendency to Executive usurpation. Let all the old Republicans examine it. The facts are palpable. They cannot be denied, and they cannot be glossed. Tliere they stand, in bold characters. What nonsense is it to talk about incidental protection by Mr. Polk and his friends, with such a glaring fact as this in their face. Sturgeon voted against it — Buchanan, Wright, and Hannegan dodged. Even they could not stand such a doctrine and such a practice as this. But the Woodburys, and Fairfields, and McDuffies, and Walkers, who gave Mr. Polk the nomination, stood it without flinching. What are manufacturers and farmers of the nation to expect from them ? The ZoU Verein levies a duty of 16 shillings and six pence sterling per centner on leaf tobacco, anl 1 pound 13 shillings per centner on manutactured tobacco ; while the British tariff levies on every c%vl. of unmanufactured tobacco a duty of j£ 1 6 and 1 6 shillings sterling, and on manufactured tobacco the still more enormous sum of £b'Z and 18 shillings sterling per cwt. The only benefits which we were to receive as equivalents for very important reductions of duty on our part, were, first, a restriction of the duty on lard to 137 cents on the centner; and, secondly, a reduc- tion of the imposition on tobacco, in leaf, I3 cents per lb. This is the extent, and the whole extent, of the mighty concession which the Zoll Verein treaty was to gain for us. The concessions made on our side in the treaty, and the extent of the injury it would have inflicted upon our revenue and financial system, as well as the embarrassment of our existing relations with othea" countries, which it might possibly superinduce, the most serious consequences on the prosperity of tire country. The population of the Zoll Verein States is 27, .500, 000, and that of the other German States 15,000,000. These Germans are a frugal, industrious, and economical race of men; and among thent the wages of day labor are said to vary from four pence to a shilling a day. This treaty would have brought our own domestic industry into direct competition with that of 27,500,000 such men, on alf the manufactured articles embraced in the clause of the treaty which we have quoted. MR. clay's alleged ABAXnONMENT OF THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF. On this point, we would refer first, to Mr. Clay's whole political life, which has been devoted to the support of the protective principle ; 2d, to his own speech when the compromise bill was before the Sen- ate ; and lastly, to the testimony of witnesses who were in Congress at the time of the passage of the bill, and who were familiar with the motives of its friends and supporters. ' On the fir'^t head, we presume no intelligent man would call for the proof; for the fact that Mr. Clay has been in Congress, is not a wait more notorious than that he has, from a very early period of his polit- ical life, been an ardent friend of the Protective policy ; and that he has time and again declared, that ac& only the prosperity of this country, but its independence as a nation, depended on due support and pro- jection beina given to domestic industry. On the second head, we refer to the following extract from the Ttrnarks of Mr. Clay when he introduced the Compromise bill : "In presenting the modification of the tariff laws which I am now about to submit, I have two great objects ill view. My Jirst object looks to the tariff. I am compelled to express the opinion, formcij 16 after the most deliberate reflection, and on full survey of tbe whole country, that, whether rightfully or wrongfully, THE TARIFF STANDS IN IMMINENT DANGER. If it should even be preserved during this session, it must fall at the vext session. By what circumstances, and through what causes, has arisen the necessity for this change in the policy of our country, I will not pretend now to elucidate. Owing to a variety of concurrent causes, the tariff as it now exists, is in IMMINENT DANGER, and if the system can be preserved beyond the next session, it must he by some means not within the reach of human sagacity. THE FALL OF THAT POLICY, SIR, WOULD BE PRODUCTIVE OF CONSEQUENCES CALAMITOUS INDEED. When I look to the variety of interests which are involved, to tbe number of individuals interested, the amount of capital invested, the value of buildings erected, and the whole arrangement of the business for the prosecution of the various branches of the manufacturing art which have sprung up under the fostering care of this Government, I cannot contem- plate any evil equal to the sudden overthrow of all those interests. History can produce no parallel to the extent of the mischief which would be produced by such a disaster. The peal of the edict of Nantz itself was nothing in comparison with it. That condemned to exile and brought to ruin a great number of persons. The most respectable portion of tbe population of France was condemned to exile and ruin by that measure. But in my opinion, sir, the sudden iiepeal of the TAniFF policy would bring RUIN AND DESTRUCTION ON THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY. There is no evil, in my opinion, equal to the consequences which would result from such a catastrophe." Does this look like a previously expressed wish to abandon the Piotective principle! Let us, however, look a little further : In the speech delivered by Mr. Clay on the 25th of February, 1833, he said : " He did not fear any misconstruction of the pledge contained in the bill ; and he hoped that the manufacturers would go on and prosper, confident that the abaxdoxment of protection was never intesued, and looking to more favorable times for a RENEWAL OF A MORE EFFICIENT TARIFF." THE COMPKOMISE ACT. The friends of Col. Polk have labored to impress on the mind of the people, that the Congress of 1S42, in " changing the taritT" had violated the most sacred pledges, &c. if he, or any one el.*e, will turn to the act itself, they will find it expired by its own limitation on the 30th .lune, 1842. And then refer to Mr. Woodbury's Treasury Report of December, 1840, they will rind him calling the attention of Con- gress to the tariff in this language : " Another practicable mode would be to resort to direct taxes. But this is so unsuited to the general habits, and so uncongenial to the opinions of most of our population, that its adoption is not to be antici- pated. Some other permanent resource must then be looked to. The choice will probably rest between the large reduction of expenditures, with other accompanying measures before specified, and some exten- sive modification of the present tariff. Explanations have heretofore been given by the undersigned in favor of the former course; and it would probably prove sufficient to meet the emergency, if the reduction be pushed vigorously, and especially if the imports after 1841, shall have excelled those in 1838, which is regarded as probable. " But Congress may not coincide with him in opinion on those points, and, for covering the contin- gency, may consider the adoption of some permanent change in the tariff as preferable, and as not too early at the piesent session, to give full notice of its character, before going into operation, in order that the different interests most affected by it, shall have time to become gradually adjusted to its provisions." If the Whigs, in modifying the tariff or compromise act after its expiration, are guilty of a violation of that "sacred compact," what must we think of the course proposed to be adopted by Mr. Woodbury, Col. Polk's political friend and associate ! Recollect how he used to talk of the " bill of abominations'^ — " legalized plunder,'' &c. THF, PROTECTITE TARIFF OF 1842 WHO ARE ITS ENEMIES. We have often expressed the wish that every voter in the country could see the organs of the Locofoco party. We know that the mass of the people (especially the laboring classes) are honest — that they de- sire to do all in their power to promote the prosperity of our nation — that they aie ever ready and willing to vote for pure patriots and eminent statesmen — that they will never support demagogues who entertain no regard for the interests of their fellow-citizens, and that they are the friends of the Whig tariff of '42. The selfish and unprincipled leaders of the Locofoco party, also know that this is the case, and since they have nominated for the Presidency a man who is in favor of the immediate annexation of Texas, and opposed to the protective policy, they have, as we have often before said, attempted to deceive and mislead the people of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by telling them, in the face of the records of Congress, and of innumerable speeches and letters, that James K. Polk is a tariff man. We assure the people that there is not one liOcofoco speaker or editor in this State, who does not know that Polk is opposed to all protec- tive tariffs, and that he is in favor of repealing the tariff of '42. We assure them also, that the leaders of the Locofoco party know, when they say that he is " a better tariff man than Mr. Clay," that they ar« uttering a AeWheidiie falsehood. Aware, however, that the people have no opportunity of reading Locofo'o papers from all parts of the Union, these falsifiers hope, in this dishonest manner, to secure to Mr. polk the votes of those who would otherwise support Henry Clay. Mr. Polk has never cast a vote or delivered 17 a speech in favor of the protective policy ; but has invariably, while a member of Coqgress, and during the time that he has been canvassing the State of Tennessee, as the Locofoco candidate for Governor, strenuously opposed that beneficent system. We have in the preceding page published numerous extracts from his addresses, and from the records of Congress, which show the position he occupied in regard to that measure. That he is a/ree trade man, no one who has read the Richmond Enquirer and Nashville Union, and other Locofoco papers can doubt, for all must have observed that they haverefused to re-publish his speeches. Had he ever uttered one sentence in favor of protection, the Locofoco papers would have published it long ere this ; but being unable to find one, they hope that their " mere assertion" that he is " a tariff man," will he believed by the yieople. The Globe, the Plebeian, the Richmond Enquirer, and other leading Locofoco papers, advocate the election of Mr. Polk on the ground that he is opposed to the protec- tive policy ; and so do all of his friends in the southern and southwestern States. The Whigs through- out the Union, are in favor of the tariff of '42 ; and Mr. Clay has said in a lecent letter, that he is " op- posed to lis repeal''^ Will not all admit, then, that the course pursued by the Locofoco papers is dishon- est, and calculated only to deceive those who desire to perform their duty to themselves, to their fellow- men, and to their country 1 Although the intriguing demagogues who conduct the Locofoco papers, and address assemblages of people, will not candidly and honestly speak of the position and views of the majority of their party, we are determined, on all occasions, so far as may be in our power, to favor our citizens by publishing the resolutions adopted, and sentiments uttered, in opposition to the tariff, at Locofoco meetings in the different States in the Union. We have now before us the Washington Spectator (a Polk and Dallas paper) of the 23d inst., in which we figd the proceedings of a Locofoco meeting held in Charleston, S. C , on the evening of the 19th inst., at which a scries of resolutions, offered by Hon- F. H. Elmore, were adopted. The Spectator, in a few prefatory remarks, says : " The preamble and resolutions reported by Hon. F. H. Elmore, and unanimoirsly adopted by the meeting, breathe the true spirit of patriotism in its broadest sense, and at the same time a sacred devo- tion to the rights of the State. They are amce/ved und expressed in the true spirit. South Carolina goes with one heart, and with all her energy for the election of Jamks K- Polk, relying with confidence, that under his auspices every thing will be done that his wisdom and energy can acco iiplish, to remedy the legislative ills that press so heavily upon the south." Now, what are the " legislative ills" of which the Locos in South Carolina complain, and what senti- ments are contained in the resolutions which the Spectator says, " breathe the true s{)irit of patriotism in its broadest sense V We copy from the same paper the following resolution, which, without a single word of comment, answers this query : " Resolved 2. That while we are fully sensible that the partial and oppressive action of the General Government on the jjeople, property, and industrial pursuits of the south is not rela.xed, but has been ag- gravated by the perfidious breach of the faith pledged in the compromise of 1833, and the passage of the odious tariff of 1842, we yet see in the present condition and prospects of public affairs, and in the posi- tion and wishes of our Democratic friends in other States, reasons sufficiently strong to induce us to dep- recate as a great calamity, any division and conflict amongst our brethren in this State, and to make it our duty to disagree to the couise proposed by a portion of them, so as to forbear at present to resort to the sovereign action of the State to address our grievances. Because, " Fins'. There are very many amongst ourselves, and our friends elsewhere, (whose opinions are worthy all respect from us,) who have not lost every hope of redress ' from a returning sense of justice in the Democratic party,' should it succeed in the coming elections, especially while they see the continued and decided extension oi free trade principles in the new agricultural States, which are rapidly growing into power and influence in the west and northwest. "Second. By the election of James K. Polk, and the defeat of Henry Clay, a substantial victory will be gained for the Constitution, the Presidential power and influence will be in the hands of a southern man — a friend of free trade, and identified with us and our institutions, and an enemy if the protective policy and abolitionism, and we ought n >t, by any action of our State, to embarrass or lessen the chances of his election, in which much may be gained, or cause his defeat, whereby so much must be lost, and by which we shall draw on ourselves the blame of our friends in other States, change their kind feeling into coldness, perhaps resentment and hostility, by unnecessarily weakening and embarrassing them, and thus increasing the numbers and spirit of our enemies, and adding to our difficulties in obtaining justice. " Third. The union of those States having interests, property, and institutions identical with our own, or of a portion of them, against the tariff and abolition, and for the great American measure, the annex- ation of Texas, is of the highest importance, and should be procured if possible, so that they may present with us one course of measures and action ; and until an effort has been fairly made, and failed to obtain such constitutional consultation and co-cperation as will pioduce it, it is not advisable for South Carolina to resort to her own separate action." The Nashville Union (Mr. Polk's organ) contains two columns against the whole tariff policy, and proves conclusively, by undeniable extracts, that Mr. Clay and his Tennessee friends are in favor of it! and calls upon the Democracy to put them down on that account. Hear its concluding appeal : 18 " After reading these several proofs as to the injustice of the Whig policy in regard to tarifi" ta^tation, and the effects which this policy has upon prices — upon the prices of the plain necessaries of life, and even the price of implements of labor fjrmed of iron and steel — upon salt, sugar, clothing, &c., &c. — who, what man, not blinded by party prejudices or deceived, can approve of such a system, or repose faith in those who are its advocates, or in the head and father of the entire system itself, Henry Clay, of Kentucky 1 We ask the question in sincerity. It is for our countrymen to decide. They will repudiate Mr. Clay and his fakely named American system." And yet, in many of the States, a deliberate effort is made by the leaders of the party, to prove Polk a tariffite. Never was a bolder game of political hypocrisy practised upon the American people We have another and equally full explanation of the views of Mr. Polk on the tariff. The one we give below can admit of no doubt. It is clear and explicit, and comes from his immediate organ at Nash- ville, and was probably written by himself. The following is the leading editorial in the Nashville Union (Mr. Polk's paper) of Saturday, 27th July, 1844: " The Tariff. — The Banner pretends to show the difference existing between Gov. Polk and Mr. Clay on the tariff. Every word it utters about Gov. Polk's position is untrue. The whole paragraph is en- tirely the reverse of truth. The true difference is this : Gov. Polk is in favor of a revenue tariff. Mi. Clay is in favor of a protective tariff. The object of Gov. Polk's tariff is revenue, (that direct taxation may be averted,) while fair and just protection to all the g-reat interests of the whole Union, without partiality, become incidental. Revenue is the object — protection is the incident. The o/ject of Mr. Clay's tainS is protection, ivhich must inevitably fosttr one branch of American in- dustry at the expense of another. With him the object is protection — revenue is but the incident. Here then is the issue : Gov. Polk is for a revenue tariff. Mr. Clay is for a^ protective tariff. The former is a substantial anJ feasible measure of national policy, which has always worked well. The latter, if not the fancy of a mere politician is at best a scheme to rob one portion of our countrymen for the benefit of another. Behold the true difference." REASONS WHY Mil. CALHOUJV SUPPORTS POLK, AND THE VIEWS OF THE LOOCOFOCOS ON THE TARIFF EXAMINED. Here s the reason, then why Mr. Calhoun supports Mr. Polk, and one of the great reasons why Mr. Polk is supported at the south. Fort Hill, Sept. 24, 1843. Dear sir : You are right in reference to my opinion on the tariff. I deny the right of imposing any duties but for revenue, or to make discrimination but on revenue principles. I also deny the right of raising revenue but for the constitutional and economical administration of the Government Yours, &c. J. C. CALHOUN. Previous to the nomination of a candidate, Mr. Calhoun published an address to his pohtical friends dated Jan. 20th, 1844. In it he says : "Under no circumstances shall I support any candidate voho is opposed to free trade and in favor of the protective policy, or whose prominent and influential friends are." At a meeting of the Democratic party of Culpeper county, Virginia, held pursuant to notice, on Mon day, the 1.5th of July, the following resolution was adopted : 3d. That an adequate revenue must be raised to supply the legitimate wants of the Government ; and to effect this necessary object, the Democratic party are in favor of collecting the amount required, by duties laid upon foreign importations, which duties are to be levied at the lowest point at which sufficient revenue can be collected for an economical administration of the Government. At the same time, they repudiate the tariff of 1842, as wholly departing from the revenue standard, as oppressively lodging a contribution upon one branch of industry for the benefit of another. Mr. Black, of Georgia, said: "Mr. Black alluded to Mr. Clay's constant support of a tariff. Did it become (asked he) the avowed friends of FREE TRADE to lend their support to the father of the American system]" Extract from a letter of J. C. Calhoun, 30th June, 1844. The Republican Party : May it succeed in the coming election, and may its success be followed by the restoration and firm establishment of its original principles and policy. — Charleston Mercury, Aug. 9, 1844. By Hon. W. F. Colcock. — Messrs. Polk and Dallas, the nominees of the Baltimore convention: South Carolina will advocate ttieir election, as pledged to the overthrow of the protective system, the an- eic at ion of Texas, and to bring the Government to a strict adherence to the Constitution and all ite nrvisions. 19 The above toast was given at a public meeting of the citizens of Beaufort district, South Carolina. — See Charleston Mercury, a free trade Polk paper, August 29, 1844. MR. FOLK AND HI3 VOTES UPOIV THE SOLDIER'S PENSION. The absolute unfitness of James K. Polk, by any public service or patriotic work he has done for his country, for the highest office in the gift of this great and free people, must be apparent to every attentive and serious observer. The history of this country scarcely bears his name. There is no pac;e made bright by the record of his deeds. His only merit at the convention that nominated him was, that he was so much opposed to the protective policy, and so much in favor of the immediate annexation of Texas, as to receive his nomination by the anti-tariff delegates. But Mr. Polk, in his brief career, has shown himself cold-hearted and unmindful of the services of those whole hearted patriots of the revolutionary war, who periled life for the purchase of our liberties. Those earnest hearted men wore out their best days in the service of their country, and how grateful to any American who loves liberty should it be to afford them, out of the Treasury of the nation, some crumb of comfort to cheer their declining days. But Mr. Polk's ear was deaf, and his heart callous to their cry for relief. Read the record of his votes relative to the relief of the toil-worn soldier. Here is chapter and verse, where the sober solemn facts may be found recorded. Folk voting against the old patriots of the Revolution. March 13, 182S, on the passage of the bill for the relief of surviving officers of the revolutionary war, Mr. Polk voted in the negative. — Cong. Deb. vol 4, part 2, page 2,670. Subsequently, on a bill to pay certain militia, &c., he voted in the affirmative. March 18, 1830, he voted against the revolutionary pension bill. — Same, vol. 6, part I, page 629. March 19, " Mr. Polk spoke some time against the bill," and voted against it. — Same, page 635. February 17, 1831, he voted against the bill for the relief of revolutionary soldiers. — Same, volume 7 page 730. May 2, 1832, he voted against the revolutionary pension bill. — Same, vol. 8, part 2, page 2,713. The above extracts from the Register of Debates, were copied into the " Whig Text Book," and it was deemed advisable by the Editor of the Globe to check the influence of those facts, if possible. The Globe dares not publish this statement, and attempt to disprove it. No, every word of it is true ; the record proves the whole. The Globe proceeds to assert that Polk has been calunniiated, to sustain this false- hood, it hunts up certain votes given by Mr. Polk upon collateral questions, while it conceals all of Mr. Polk's votes given against the passage of the pensio7ts — votes which completely sustain our position. The Globe takes up a garbled falsification of the record, and represents Mr. Polk to be in favor of pen- sions to the old veterans. This is the history. Now the facts from the record convict the Editor of the Globe of gross frauds upon their readers. We quote from the Globe. In the House of Representatives, Thursday, April, 1826. — "The House proceeded to the consideration of the bill for the relief of the surviving officers of the army of the revolution. A motion was then made by Mr. Mitchell, of Tennessee, that the further consideration of the said bill be postponed until the first Monday in July next ; and the question thereupon being put, it was decided in the negative — yeas 39, nays 128. James K. Polk voted with the nays against the postponement." — See House Journal, 1st session, 19th Congress, p. 497. From Mr. Polk's vote against the postponement of the bill until July, the Globe attempts to palm upon the nation the false inference, that he then voted as the friend of the revolutionary soldier's bill, in order the better to sustain it. W^ell, let us follow this bill to the final action had upon it, and see how Mr. Polk then voted — for it is the last vote that determined his support or opposition to the bill. The Globe, in giving Mr. Polk's votes, stops at page 497, which gives but the partial action of the House upon the bill ; but trace its final destiny to pages 504 and 505 of the House Journal, and you will find James K. Polk voting not to sustain the bill — but voting to commit it to the Committee on Military Pensions. Thus defeating the bill by taking it from the control and action of the House, and sending it back to a commit- tee from which it never emerged. Why, if the Editor of the Globe wished to give the truth and the whole truth, did he not publish the last vote — evidently that he might deceive and mislead by the partial and garbled statements of Polk's vote. But to the Globe again : " In the House of Representatives, Tuesday, January 16, 1827, the bill for the relief of the surviving officers of t\ie army of the revolution being under consideration, John Woods, of the Ohio delegation, moved to lay it on the table. James K. Polk voted against if. " On the same day, a motion was made to postpone the consideration of the bill until the 3d March, which was to defeat it. James K. Polk voted against it. — See House Journal, 2d session, 19th Congress, pages 167, '8." Here again, is but })art of the record ; but here, as upon the other bill, a gross deception is attempted, foy not publishing Mr. Polk's subsequent votes upon the same bill. Following up his votes, the reader will find that Mr. Burgess, a Whig, moved to recommit the bill to a Committee of the Whole House, and make it the order of the day for to-morrow. Mr. Polk voting against the motion. Yeas 97, nays 92. — Pages 170 and 171. 20 On the 22d of January, Mr. Burgess moved that the orders of the day, which precede the bill for the relief of the surviving officers of the army of the revolution, be postponed, and that the House do now resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House on the said bill : and the question being taken there- on, it passed in the affirmative — yeas 93, nays 77. James K. Polk, voting >o ! — Pages 193 and 194. On the Seih of January, Mr. Burges again moved that the several orders of the day, which preceded the bill for the relief of the surviving officers of the army of the revolution, be postponed, and that the House do now again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House on that bill : and the question on being put, was lost — yeas 87, nays 88. James K. Polk voting so ! — Pages 207 and 208. And here terminated the fate of the revolutionary soldiers' bill, by the casting vote of James K. Polk ! Can these, votes, reader, by any torture or jierversion of construction, be made to convey the idea or inftreuce, that Mr. Polk was voting to sustain the bill ! For the sest^ion of 1827, -'8, the Globe gives nothing; and we are therefore compelled to quote as follows: The House resumed consideration of the bill from the Senate, [No. 44.] entitled "an act for the relief of certain officers and soldiers of the army of the revolution." — Journal, p. 734, On the question : Shall the main question be now put? yeas 100, noes 82, Mr. Polk voted no. — Pages 735, 'fi. On the question : Shall the bill be read the third time 1 yeas 122, noes 62. Mr. Polk voted no. — Pages 737, '8. On the question : Shall the bill pass ? yeas 115, noes 58, Mr. Polk voted no. — Pages 789, '91. Here are three important votes, and the last emphatically a test vote, on which Mr. Polk voted against the bill for the relief of certain surviving officers and soldiers of the revolution ; but it is concealed by the Globe. In the session of '29, the Globe finds this : "In February, 1829, the question coming up on the final passage of a bill 'to provide for certain per- sons engaged in the land and naval service of the U. S. in the revolutionary war' — Mr. Polk voted aye.''' As to the above bill, the imposition is to be found in the title, it was simply one to "amend an act to provide," &c. On the 25th Feb-, 1829, Mr. Polk voted to reconamit this hill in order to inquire what expenditures would be required, and also to limit the provision made by the second section to persons who need the as- sistance of their country fur support. This failing, Mr. Polk voted for the bill. It did not pass the Senate. — Journal, pages 335, '6, '7. Let us ask if this bill can, by any perversion, be held up as evidence of James K, Polk's voting in favor of pen.sions to the revolutionary soldier ] Is he here voting for a bill to give pensions to the revolutionary soldiers, or is he not voting for a bill to amend, an act to provide for ceitain persons, &c ; and docs the Globe give us the features of his bill or amendment ? It must have been too objectionable, for we find that it did not pass, and that Mr. Johnson voted against it in the Senate. — Journal of Senate 1829, p. 148, The Globe omits very important votes given at the session of 1829, '30 ; we supply the omissions and specify them as impositions. Feb. 13, 1829, Mr. Polk voted for the third reading of a bill for the relief of sundry officers and sol- diers. This bill provided simply for the addition of sundry persons to the rolls; hut on the passage of the bill, March 23, .Mr. Polk voted no. — Journal, p. 457. March 18, 1829, the bill (No. 248) being under consideration, Mr. McDuffie moved an amendment to deduct six dollars annually for each hundred dollars a pensioner is worth over $300. Ayes 50, noes 124. Mr. Polk voted ate. — Journal, p. 435. The amendment being rejected, the question was put on ordering the bill to be engrossed — ayes 123, noes 48. Mr. Polk voted no. — Journal, pages 438, '9. Mr. Williams moved to include in this bill the officers and soldiers of the militia — a motion by an en- emy of the bill to embarrass it. Ayes 74, noes 107. Mr. Polk voted ays. — Journal, p. 442. On the passage of the bill, the ayes were 122, noes 56. Mr. Polk voted xo, along with Mr. Williams, — Journal, pages 443, '4. Pension bill of 1832. We are told by the Editor of the Globe, that " Mr. Polk voted in the affirmative on a motion to grant pensions to those who defended our frontiers in the Indian war from 1776 up to the treaty of Greenville, in 1795." iSo he did — but reader he was not here voting upon the passage of any bill, but simply upon an amendment to the bill of 1832. Amendments and vote on the passage of the bill. May 1, an amendment was moved to give a pension to those who had served three months, as well as those who had served six. Mr. Polk voted no. — Pages 683, '4. Mr. Craig moved an amendment to exclude all who shall be worth exceeding dollars. Mr. Polk voted AiE, — Pages 685, '6. 21 Mr. Craig then renewed the motion, with the blank filled with "$1,000." Mr. Polk voted ate, Pages 686, '7. On the question of ordering the bill to be engrossed, Mr. Polk voted xo. — Page 692. May 2, Mr. Wilde moved to postpone the bill indefinitely. Mr. Polk voted ate. — Page 69.3. On the question: Shall the bill pafs? the ayes were 1'26, noes 48. Mr. Polk voted no. — Page 696'. Contra.«t these facts, with the delusive impressions attempted to be given by our adroit opponents. From the above, it is grossly and falsely attempted to make the reader believe that James K. Polk voted for this bill of 1832, when the record proves, that although he voted for amendritents to it, he voted against its passage. — Pages as before given — 695, 696. Passing to the next and last statement of our opponents, to wit : "In House of Representatives, Thursday, May 24th, 1832, the question being on ordering to a third reading the bill from the Senate, supplementary to the act for the relief of certain surviving officers and soldiers of the Revolution, James K. Polk voted in the affirmative." True he did vote for ordering the hill to a /"A/rc/ reading and for the previous question — but when previously, upon the same day, the te-^t vote was taken, as to putting the previous question, which was ordering the bill to a third reading, we find Mr. Polk voting ai^ainst it — yeas 90, nays 74. Finding that notwithstanding his opposition, the question for the main question would prevail, he changed his vute and voted for the main question's being put — Pages 792, 79-3, and 791. — And on the 31st of Maj', he adhered to his last vote. The bill, when put upon its passage, \vas determined in the affirmative, but there were no yeas and nat^s taken. This is the history from the record of this last bill. And who, let me ask, from his previous votes upon .'similar bills, and from his opposite votes upon this bill, when ti>o there were no yeas and nays taken upon its passage, can say that James K. Polk voted for it ? It would indeed be stretching credulity in the very face of his previous voics. The Globe concludes with the session of "32. We add the following facts from the journals of 1 833, '4. Feb. 1 1, 1834. Mr. Folk voted in favor of a committee to inquire into the expediency of extending the act of 1833, so as to embrace those who were in the Ihdian wars between the close of the revolution and the treaty of Greenville. A bill was reported, but no action was had upon it. A bill to provide for the settlement of certain revolutionary claims (respecting half pay to widows and orjihans of revolutionary officers,) lingered a long time in the House, but was at last recommitted. May 27, 18S4, the vote was taken on reconsidering the vote to recommit — ayes 76, noes 104. Mr. Polk voted so. This vote killed the bill. In conclusion, then, it seems that Mr. Polk has voted for amendments to pension bills, perhaps designed to kill them — but in investigating his votes on the pension iilh, we find him voting against them on the direct question of their passage ; and yet by providing the amendments for which he voted, and concealing his direct votes against the bills, the Locofoco editors undertake to bolster up this man ! We are compel- led to characterize such conduct as nothing less than a wicked fraud upon the peojile and the old pea- sioners. These editors cannot maintain their cause by truth and fair and honest discussion. Georgia militia. But what plea or answer will be made to the revolutionary soldiers of Georgia and their descendants, for Mr. Polk's votes against their claims, for services renderetl during the years 1792, '93, and '94 ] By reference to the Journal of the House of Representatives, Feb. 19, 1827, pages 312, 313, and 314 you will find the following : "The House proceeded to consider the amendnrents reported from the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, to the bill making appropriations for the military service for the year 1827,. when .several of said amendments were concurred in : and the question was stated to concur in that amendment which proposed to insert in said bill the following item : " For the .settlement of the claims of the militia of the State of Georgia, for services rendered during the years 1792, "93, and '94, agreeably to the estimate of Constant Freeman, and to be paid under the sanction of the Secretary of War, $129,375 66." The yeas and nays being taken upon this amendment, are, yeas 102, nays 73 — James K. Polk voting against it! Pages 313 and 314. We have thus furnished a transcript, from the records, of the votes of Mr. Polk upon revolutionary pensions — with dates and pages — subject to the examination and scrutiny of all. What say you veteran soldiers of the revolution 1 What say you sons of these noble sires? What say you heart-warm-lovers of freedom 1 Shall this man, whose cold heart could withhold justice from the soldiers of our country, receive the plaudits of the people, and be elevated to the highest honors in the nation? No ! It can never be. The people cannot so far forget their duty to themselves, and the honored station once filled by Washington. folk's outrage on popular suffrage. The conduct of James K. Polk in rejecting the two Representatives of Mississippi, in the well known election case, was one of the greatest outrages ever committed on the rights of the people. It showed all his pretensions to republican principles to be the hollow devices of a demagogue. The facts should be pondered on by the people, and never forgotten. m Martin Van Buren was inaugurated President on the 4th of March, 1837, the old Congress having^ expired by limitation on the previous day. On the 10th of May, and thereabouts, the banks suspended specie payment, payments of revenue in any currency nearly ceased, and the Government was nearly run ashore for funds. Mr. Van Burcn summoned the new Congress to assemble in extra session on the 4th of September. Most of the States had already chosen members of that Congress, or would choose before the 1st of September; but .Mississippi and Arkansas neither had chosen, nor would seasonably choose in regular course — the former not till 1st November, the latter not till October. In this dilemma, the Gov- ernors of the two States severally took the responsibility of afipointing special elections in each, expressly specift/ing that they were to c/ioose members of Congress for titc extra session only. A special election was accordingly held in each of these States and Locofocos elected. The notice was short, the season that at which the greatest number of Southern people are absent from their homes, and the rest did not see fit to make great exertion to fill seats in Congress which were expressly limited to tiie (necessarily short) extra session, when regular elections were soon to supervene, whereat the whole people would be out, and members be chosen for the regular term. The vote in Mississippi stood: J, F. H. Claiborne, Loco 11,203 S S, Prentiss, Whig 7,143 Sam'l.I Gholson do. 9,921 E, L. Acee, do. 6,092 Claiborne and Gholson elected by some S.-'iOO. They received regular certificates from the Governor, stating that they had been elected to serve as Re- presentatives in Congress from the State of Mississippi /or tlie extra session, and departed for Washington. But now commenced a game of intrigue, disgraceful to the actors and to all who countenanced them. The new functionaries resolved to stretch their tenure of oifice over the regular term also ! To this end they declined exhibiting to the House their regular certificates of election, but procured from the Secretary of State a certificate of the state of the poll, and presented this to the Hou^e. The House did not half understand this manoeuvre, but on the '36 if October an extraneous resolution, founded on an ex parte presentment of facts, was put through the House, declaring that Messrs. Claiborne and Gholson were duly elected members of the 2.5/A Congress.' Meantime the Governor issued his proclamation for a general election, setting forth that " two members of the 2.5th Congress" were among the officers to be chosen. But a portion of the Locos perceiving that their defeat, on a full vote, and in the existing state of the country, was inevitable, resolved to disregard the Governor's decision, and not vote for members, trusting to the Locofoco majority in the House to keep in Messrs. Claiborne and Gholson. Another portion, however, seeing that here was an attempt to commit a great fraud and wrong, since they knew full well that the people had voted for members, not for the eniire term, but for the extra session only, went forward and voted as usual. The result was declared — S.S.Prentiss, Whig 1 3,-547 J, F, H, Claiborne, Loco 5,990 Thos. .1. Word, do. 12,144 Sam'lJ. Gholson, do. 5,869 Picntiss and Word chosen by some 7,000. They, of course, went on to Washington and claimed their scats, (at the regular session,) but found them absurdly occupied by Messrs. Claiborne and Gholson! — who insisted that the people, though they had meant to choose them only for a sixty days term, had saddled themselves with them for two years, and could not escape them ! Let us glance a moment at the rival case. Arch. Yell, in July, was chosen from Arkansas for the extra session, and served through it. In October he was again chosen for the regular tivo years at the regular election, presented his credentials founded on that election, and took his seat without question. Now this same Yell voted to keep in Claiborne and Gholson, and shut out Prentifs and Word, yet he declared that if he had not received a majority in October, he would have relinquished his seat ! On the 30th of .fanuary the House, in regular session, passed a resolution moved by Hon. John Bbt.l, of Tennessee, rescinding that which declared .Messrs, Claiborne and Gholson duly elected members of the 25th Congress — yeas 1 19, nays 1 12 — 7 majority against the usurpers, in a House largely Van Buren. On the 17th of that month a resolution had been offered, as follows: " Resolved, That Messrs. S. S. Prentiss and T, J, W^ord are not members of the 25th Congress, and are not entitled to seats in this House as such." This resolution was in palpable contradiction to the common sense and honest judgment of every in- telligent man in the land. Certainly some members of Congress had been chosen from that State ; the House decided that Messrs Claiborne and Gholson were not the men ; who then but Prentiss and Word? They had received a large majority of the votes at the regular election, appointed and held on the regular day when members of Congress were uniformly chosen; the notice for that election expressly declared that it was to choose members for the full term, as that for the special election at which Messrs, Claiborne and Ghokson had been chosen, specified that it was an election for the extra session only. Now it is easy to see that here was a chance for the technical objection interposed by Messrs. Claiborne and Gholson , that members could not be chosen for a part of a term, unless for the whole remainder of it, and that Messrs, C. and G. were so elected for the whole term. But it is manifest that this is to ii terpose a legal point to defeat a moral right, and to nullify the voice of the people. If the election of Messrs. C. and G. was invalid — if Mississippi had no right to choo.se members for a part of a term — that could not give to her special election an intent and effect never contemplated by it; could not defeat her clearly expressed 23 purpose in choosing Messrs. Prentiss and Word by a much larger vole and a larger majority for the full terra. All these considerations, and many more, were pressed with unsurpassed cogency and eloquence, especially by Mr. Prentiss, who was heard in vindication of his right, through the debates on this occa- sion, until at last the House divided— yeas 117, nays 117; so the resolution was lost, untilJawes A, Polk, Speaker, gave the cmiing vote in the affirmative, and turned the fairly chosen Reprexentattves oj Mississippi out of the House. The vote of' Archibald Yell, who held his seat by just such a certificate as Messrs. Prentiss and Word offered, made the tie, and James K. Polk untied it by turning Mississippi out of doors. So the Governor was compelled to order still another election in April, when Prentiss and Word were triumphantly returned to their seats. JAMES K. folk's HOSTILITY TO S.AlLORS. — THE LOSS OF THE HORNET. All recollect the loss of the United States sloop of war Hornet, and her gallant officers and crew, m 1829. " Thev were all in the deep ocean buried." A bill having been brought into Congress by Mr, Dorsey, of Ma'ryland, to give the surviving families, &c., of these brave men six months' pay, the lol- lowing were the proceedings on that proposition : . ,„.^„ ^ ^ ' ^ ■ T uv^ST, AY, February, IS30. And engrossed, " An act for the relief of the widows and orphans of the officers, seamen, and MARINES of the sloop of war Hornet," was read the third time; and the question was stated, bhali tlie bill pass.' when — m i Af A motion was made, by Mr. Test, that the said bill be recommitted to the Committee on Naval Af- fairs, with instructions to amend the same by striking out these words: "and, it there be no P^'^entr then the brothers and sisters;" so as to exclude brothers and sisters from the benefits proposed to be granted to the relatives of the officers, seamen, and marines on board of the sloop ot war Hornet at the time of her loss. And on the question. Shall the said bill be recommitted with the instructions aforesaid.' it was decided in the negative— Mr. Polk voting in the affirmative. See House Journal, 1st session 21st Congress, page 309. The question was then put. Shall the bill pass.' Yeas 138, nays 42— Mr. Polk voting in the negative, and against granting any relief to the widows and orphans of the lost crew. See House Journal, ist session "ilst Congress, page 309. , . There were many of the ship's company who contributed to the support of their sisters as well as tneir parents; and, if the mother was dead, it was certainly an unkind, not to say a harsh, restriction in tlie bill which should deprive her daughter of the trifling contribution to her comfort. The sister stands in about the same relation to the party as the mother ; and, admitting her or her brothers to sliare in the distribution, the bill provides, on the same principle, what claims the mother had to participate in it. In both cases, we assume, what we know frequently exists, that the officer or sailor contributes from his pay to the support of his sisters or younger brothers, as well as his parents; and there was no reason for Mr. Polk in making any discrimination between them. The Journals of Congress establish the f2ict that he voted against giving to the ividows and orphans of the gallant tars who were lost in the Hornet a small pittance— six months' salary— as a mark of public consideration and. sympathy. MR. clay's and MR. POLk'S VIEWS OF RELIGIOfS OBLIGATION CONTRASTED. While the Locofoco press is teeming with the most malicious representations of Mr. Clay, artful at- tempts are, at the same time, made to conciliate the moral feelings of the people in behalf of IVlr. Polk. Now, we here recall a case in which both these gentlemen took part, and the reader will judge who manifested the truest sense of moral obligation. In 1832, while the cholera was raging with alarming fatality, attacking and desolating whole towns and cities, and baffling the skill of man, Mr. Clay intro- duced a resolution in the Senate of the U. States lor the appointment of a committee to wait upon the President, and to " request that he recommend a day— to be designated by him— of public humiliation, prayer," &c. The following were the proceedings in the Senate : " June 28, 1832.— The following resolution, oflered by Mr. Clay, was taken up for consideration : " Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives, That a joint committee of both Houses wait on the President, and request that he recommend a day of public humilitation, prayer, and fasting, to be ob- served by the people of the United States with religious solemnity, and with fervent supphcations to Almighty God that He will be graciously pleased to continue His blessings upon our country, and that He will avert from it the Asiatic scourge which has reached our borders— or if, in the dispensation ot His Providence, we are not to be exempted from the calamity, that, through his bountiful mercy, its severity may be mitigated, and its duration shortened." Mr. Tazewell asked for the ayes and noes. , Mr. Clay rose and observed, »' that he had only one word to express. The resolution had not been sub- mitted without consultation with the members of the Senate, whose opinion was entitled to more res- pect than his own. It was, indeed, first suggested to him by a reverend member of the clergy, and after deliberate consideration, he (Mr. Clay) thought the occasion fit for the recommendation of the re- ligious ceremony which the resolution contemplated. It was the practice of all christian nations, m seasons of general and great calamity, to implore Divine mercy. Of all the pestilential scourges which had afflicted our race, the Asiatic cholera, in some of its characteristics, was the most remarkable. 22 Martin Van Buren was inaugurated President on the 4th of March, 1837, the old Congress having expired by limitation on the previous day. On the 10th of May, and thereabouts, the banks suspended specie payment, payments of revenue in any currency nearly ceased, and the Government was nearly run ashore for funds. Mr. Van Buren summoned the new Congress to assemble in extra session on the 4th of September. Most of the States had already chosen members of that Congress, or would choose before the 1st of September ; but .Mississippi and Arkansas neither had chosen, nor would seasonably choose in regular course — the former not till 1st November, the latter not till October. In this dilemma, the Gov- ernors of the two States severally took the responsibility of a()pointing special elections in each, expressly specift/ing that they were to choose members of Congress for the extra session only. A special election was accordingly held in each of these States and Locofocos elected. The notice was short, the season that at which the greatest number of Southern people are absent from their homes, and the rest di-. In December, 1828, a bill was introduced into the lower House of Congress, authorizing the " imme- diate" occupation of Oregon. Ja^iks K. Polk, then a member of the House, objected to the bill, and actually made a speech against it, taking the ground that the passage of the bill would violate our existing compact with Great Britain ! In the National Intelligencer of January 6, 1829, now before us, the entire speech of Col. Polk on this subject is reported. He objects to the " annexation^'' of Oregon, on the ground that " war will ensue" . (^jjjjj I. a. Standin.o- Army would be necessary" — and that " the national honor is pledged not to violate national engagements !" Finally, Col. Polk adds . " With these facts before us, contained in the official documents on our tables, who can doubt, if we send a mihtary force there, during the continuance in force of these treaties, but that Great Britain will send one also, and if so, collisions between the aimed forces of the two countries might, and probably would, be the consequence, and we might thus be compelled to decide by arms, that which would be much better settled by negotiation." Thus it will be seen, Mr. Polk had great regard fur our national honor in 1829, as well as a most holy horror of war and standing armies ; but now that the Texas humbug has been sprung, and it is the last hopo of Polk and his friends, why, treaty obligations and war are small matters in his eyes ! What a hypocritical set of politicians these leading Locofocos are ! We allude to this subject thus briefly, to show up the inconsistency of Polk and his supporters. Let the facts here charged be once denied, and we pledge ourselves to prove them from the Journals of Con- gress. JEFFF.nSOS JACKSON PUBLIC LAICDS. The public lands which were ceded by the States to the United States, were ceded upon the invitation of the old Congress, /o conntitute a fund for the payment of the debts incurred in the war of the revolu- tion. The deeds of cession declare the grant to be for the only use and benefit of such of the States as are,or shall become numbers of the confederacy, to beheld and disposed of by Congress, solely for the common use and benefit of the States then in the confederacy, and such as might thereafter come in. It was so accepted. , , r t , • After the adoption of the Constitution, Congress on the 3d of .\ugust, 1790, passed a law relating to these lands, accepting them to pay the Revolutionary debt, to be applied solely to that use until the said debts shall be discharged. We annex the 22d section of this act, with Gen. Washington's approval. Read, and remember it "Sec. 22. And be it further enacted, Thai the proceeds of the sa.]es of public lands in the Western Territory, now belonging, or that may hereafter belong to the United States, shall be, and arc hereby appro- priated towards sinking or discharging the debts for the payment whereof the United States now are, or by virtue of this act may be holden, and shall be applied solely to that use UNTIL the said debts shall ^^?Appro?ed," August 4, 1790. " GEORGE WASHINGTON." It is thus conclusively shown, that the lands wcie ceded by the States, and accepted by the United States, for the sole purpose of paying the debt of the Revolution. It was not contemplated, in the orig- inal grant, ta apply any portion of the proceeds of the lands to meet the current expenses of the Gov- In 1806 the income of the United States had increased to such an extent, as to be adequate to the discharge of the current expenses and the instalments of the National debt, as fast as they became due. Beyond this there was a prospect of a surplus beyond the proceeds of the land. Mr. JefTer-son, who waa then President, in his annual message to Congress, called the attention of that body to the subject. Hi.1 advice was 7iot to suppress the impost, (the Tariff,) and give that advantage to foreign over domestic manufactures. But he proposed the establishment by donations of land of a national establishment for education. This is the first recommendation to Congress to keep the proceeds of the public landa oat 27 of the National Trpasury, in or&er permanently to protect' American vianufacfures. Remember that. He says — "The present consideration of a national establishment for education, particularly, is ren- dered proper hy this circumstance also, that if Congress, approving the proposition, shall yet think it more eligitile to found it on a donation of ptihlic lands, they have it now in tlieir power to endow it." This object was not accomplished, and the matter remained until GEN. JACKSON was elected Pre- siderit. In his tirst message to Congress, he recommended the APPORTIONMENT OF THE PRO- Ct;EDS OF THE PUBLIC LANDS AMONG THE STATE8. His language is— "It appears to me that the most safe, just, and federal disposition which could be made of the surplus revenue, would be its APPORTIONMENT among the States, according to the ratio of representation." In his second message, he said — "I have felt it my duty to recommend the adoption of some plan for the DISTRIBUTION of the surplus funds which may at any time remain in the Treasury after the NATIONAL DEBT shall have been paid, among tlie States in proportion to the number of their l^epresentatives, to be applied by them to the objects of INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT." Again, in his fourth message he more explicitly says: " Previous to the formation of our present Constitution, it was recommended by Congress, that a por- tion of the waste lands owned by the States, shnuld be ceded to the United States for the purposes of general harmony, and as a fund to meet the expenses of xuar, (law of 1790 above quoted,) and the lands may now be C(msidered as relieved from the pledt^e, the object for which they were ceded having been ac- complished, (by the payment of the war debt,) it is in the discretion of Congress to dispose of them in such a way as best to conduce to the quiet, harmony, and general interest of the American People. " It seems to me to be our true policy, that the public lands shall cease, as soon as practicable, to be a source of revenue. " It seems to me best to abandon the idea of raising a future revenue out of the public lands. " I have expressed my conviction, that the Constitution does not warrant the application of the lands of the General Government to objects of Internal Improvement, which are not national in their character. If the States feel themselves competent to these objects, why should this Government wish to assume them 1 If the money (from sales of the public lands) can be collected and applied by those more simple and economical machines, the State Gavernnients, it will unquestionably be safer and better for the peo- ple, than to add to the splendor, the patronage, and the power of the General Govtmment." It is now seen, that if the present Whig measure is a Federal measure, as the Locofocos assert, Mr. Jetferson and Gen. Jackson are the Federalists that first started the project. In 18'27, De Witt Clinton recommended distribution. In IS'^O, Gov. Throop, the "Democratic" Gov- ernor of New York, recommended the distribution of the surplus revenue (not the proceeds of the lands alone) among the States. He says : " In a very few years the national debt will be paid off; and as but a small portion of the revenue wil! be consumed in conducting the affairs of the Union within the constitutional limits, and as there are pru- dential 1-eusonsfor continuing the duties, to a certain extent, there can be no valid objection to the dis' triljutions on the surplus revenue among the States, to be dispose of at their discretion." In his message of the 4th of June, 1831, Gov. Throop, again alludes to this subject as follows: "In reference to the subject of revenue and internal improvements, I submitted to the consideration of the last Legislature, the propriety of taking measures to ' procure a distribution of the surplus revenue of the United States ' The same suggestion was made by the President (General Jackson) to Congress, in his first message, and has been renewed by him in his late communication to that body. I esteem it of sufficient importance to renew the suggestion, and press it earnestly upon your consideration." '' In I83G, the last year of General Jackson's administration, Congress passed a law for distributing, ^ way of deposite with the States, the surplus revenue, including the proceeds of the public lands. The 1.3tli section of this act, with Gen. Jackson's approval, is as follows: Sec. 13. And be it further enacted. That the money which shall be in the Treasury of the Tnited States, on the tirst day of December, 1837, reserving the sums of ^^S, 000, 000, shall be deposite with the several States, in proportion to their respective representation, as by law authorizing the Trea'^rer, or Other competent officer, to receive the same. "Approved, June, 1836. ANDREW JACF'ON." Who can doubt of the origin of the distribution project, with this evidence before them 1 ^ originated with Mr. Jefferson, Gen. Jackson, and the " Locofoco party." Then it was a constity^nal, aqd a most salutary measure. Now it is unconstitutional, and subversive of the liberties of the fO\)\e ! Let us now briefly sum up this testimony. In 1790, the General Government rece/ed the public domain as a source of revenue " until" the debt incurred by the revolutionary war sho'*'^ he paid. In 1806, Mr. Jefferson announced that the revenues of the Government, from imposts alonis were more than sufficient to pay the revolutionary debt, and defray the current expenses of the Goveflrnent, and he ad- vised the appropriation of the income from the sale of public lands to the purpose^ ot education.^ In 1827, De Witt Chnton, Governor of N. York, recommended the distribution of theHirplus funds of the General Government. In 1829, General Jackson first recommended to Congress tl^esamc measure in aid 28 of internal improvements, in which the State had enHsted with zeal, and continued to press the point till it was done in the last year of his administration. In 1830, Gov. Throop, of N. York, pressed the same measure upon the attention of the Legislature, and the next year urged it with increased vehemence. All these recommendations, and the only ones thit have been made till quite recently, were made by ' Presidents and Governors vauntingly denominated Democratic; and yet they have the insutTerable impu- dence to call distribution a " Fediral measure " Indeei, that is the only objection, if it can be called one, they have made to distribution. We are in favor of distribution, not because it was advocated by Locofocos or Federalists, but be- cause it is a measure of justice to the States, and in the highest degree politic. The avails of the public lands have accomplished the patriotic puipose for which they were given to the General Government. The national Treasury is new rich ; and the State governments need the procet-ds of the public lands to enable them to maintain their faith with creditors ; to complete internal improvements ; promute education and endow institutions for the care of the insiue, blind, and dumb. For these sound reasons, the Whig party is in favor of (distributions ; and for the same reasons, the voice of the people uttered through the ballot box, will sanction it AVEHAOE AXSCAL PHOCEEUS OF THE LAND SALES- The average annual and n^t proceeds of the sales of the public lands from 1830 to 1840, inclusive, eleven years, were $6,964, 4.'i9, those of the whole period, being $76,609,0.59. In the former part of this period the inciea.se of the sales was gradual, and may be con.silered heakhful. About the middle of it, they rose to an unprecedented and unnatural amount, the proceeds of 1835 being $14,757,600, and those of 1836, §84,641,979, from which time they eradually fell off, till in 1840, they had sunk to $3,292,220, having started in 1830 at ^2,329,356. The disastrous history of the twelve years destructive dynasty, which first inflated and then destroyed general credit, will account for this. As the land sales from 1828 to 1831 were considered moderate, showing an average annual increase of 23 per cent., as appears by Mr. Clay's report to the Senate in 1836, that is, more than doubling every five years, it may perhaps be assumed that the average annual proceeds from 1830 to 1840, as above stated, are not very much, if at all, in exce.ss of a natural and prosperous state of things, at the present period of our history under a good administration of the Government. Doubling the income every five years on |.2, 329,3.56, which were the net proceeds of 1830, those of 1S40 would have been $9,317,424. As the annual sales arc now gradually increasing again, it can hardly be many years, if the country should recover its fair condi- tion of prosperity, before the proceeds from sales of the public lands will rise to ttn millium a year. Be It more or less,_^ffi or seven, or ten millions, it cannot fail to be a very handsome and convenient sum, annually increasing, to be distributed among the States, according to their Federal representation. As- suming either of these, or any other given amount of annual proceeds, with a table showing the repre- sentation in Congress, to which each State is entitled, senators included, it will be easy for any person to work out the respective annual distributions among the States, if the General Government shall finally award to them their just claims. When the proceeds shall be eight millions a year, the distribution for such year will be as follows — Maine .'1^257,706 Pennsylvania $741,936 Tennessee $372,759 Missouri 200,716 N. Hampshire 172,040 Delaware 86,021 Ohio 659,498 Arkansas 86,021 Massachusetts 344,086 Maryland 229,356 Louisiana 172,040 Michigan 143,369 Khode Island 118,279 Virginia 487,455 Indiana 344,086 Florida 28,673 Connecticut 172,040 N. Carolina 3 1.5.4 12 Mississippi 172,040 Wisconsin 28,673 Vermont 172,040 S. Carolina 257,706 Illinois 257,706 Iowa 28,673 New York 1,032,258 Georgia 286,7,38 Alabama 257,706 D. of Columbia 28,673 ^ew Jersey 200,716 Kentucky 344,085 $4,857,600 69 1837 $6,883,556 46 1840 $3,494,356 41 1843 $1,963,028 82 14,757,600 75 1838 3,214,183 93 1841 1,470,295 12 1844 * 2,250,000 00 24,877,179 86 1839 7,267,447 94 1842 1,434,878 58 W^hen the annual proceeds shall ri.se to sixteen millions — they have been over twenti/'four millions — Oo~f)le the above apportionments respectively, and they will be the quotas of distribution. l^ceipts into the Trea.sury from Lands, from 1834 to 1844, inclusive — 1834 - 1835 1836 * Estriated by the Secretary of the Treasury POLK ASD THE CATHOLICS- -bvery l^p^ paper in this country is denouncing tlie Whigs on a false assumption that they are hostile to !ne natuiiiz.jtion of foreigners, and disposed to deal illiberally with the Roman Catholics. To sustaia P Tif ^!^^^^^'°"^ ^''Py offer nothing but assertion ; but this is not the case we pursue in regard to Mr , ° ". "^ '®^e nothing in regard to him to rest upon surmise, though from the tiny character of the man °T, '" "■^g'^rd I, talents and principles, but little evidence is requisite. ver since thi establishment of our Government, it has been a practice to relieve all reUgious sects om the paymenvof all duties payable upon such church furniture, books, &c., as may have been pre- sented to Congres by donors in foreign lands. This has annually been done by the passage of laws to re und the duties piiA upon such church propeity. Sometime prior to 1834, certain persons in France •donated to the Romai Catholic church in St. Louis certain bells, worth about $8,000. In the session of ■I 29 that year, the Senate of the United States passed a bill to refund the church those duties. The bill was referred, in the House of Representatives, to the Committee of Ways and Means, and, o?i the lOlh day of June, 1834, Mr. Polk, from that committee, reported that bill back to the House, with a recommenda- tion that it be rejected ! ! But that is not all. When, on the 30th of June, the bill was put on its pas- sage, the said James K. Polk, now the pretended advocate of foreigners and Roman Catholics, voted against the bill ! !— See Niles' Register, vol. 46, page 263. On page 298, of the same volume of Niles' Register, referred to above, we find the following: A correspondent of the New York American, under date of Washington, June 16, said: "In the course of the past week Mr. Polk astonished the House, by reporting that the Committee of Ways and Means, of which he and Mr. Cambreleng have, it is well known, complete control, recommended the rejection of a bill passed by the Senate for the relief of the Roman Catholic church in St. Louis. The circumstance has created much sensation here. The inhabitants of that city, it would appear, have received a present of a set of bells from France, of the estimated value of six or seven thousand francs, [say $1,500,] the duty on which was estimated, and a sum of $618 deposited at New Orleans with the collector, to await the result of an application to Congress to permit this importation free, which, under such circumstances, was usual. Mr. Verplanck has always acted on the principle that all ornamental or useful articles of any kind, designed foi public emifices of any kind, presented to them as free gifts, were, for so much, a public benefit, and, as such, ought to be admitted free of the duty on importation. CLAT IX RELATION TO THE PROTECTION OF AMERICAN SEAMEX. The following passages will convey some idea of the stirring and impressive eloquence which Mr. Clay brought to the aid of his powerful arguments in support of the measures necessary for conducting the war with ^efficie^ncy— the deep interest he took in the welfare of NATURALIZED CITIZENS and IMPRESSED SEAMEN. They are from his speech on the New Army Bill, January Sth, 1813. " We are told by gentlemen in the opposition, that Government has not done all that was incumbent on It to do, to avoid just cause of complaint on the part of Great Britain— that, in particular, the certifi- cates of protection, authorized by the act of 1796, are fraudulently used. Sir, Government has done too much in granting those paper protections. I can nev^r think of them without being shocked. They re- semble the passes which the master grants to his negro slave.—" Let the bearer, Mungo, pass and repass without molestation." What do they imply .' That Gfeat Britain has a right to seize all who are not provided with them. From their very nature they must be liable to abuse on both sides. If Great Britain desires a mark by which she can know her own subjects, let her give them an ear mark. THE COLORS THAT FLOAT FROM THE MAST HEAD SHOULD BE THE CREDENTIALS OF OUR SEAMEN. There is no safety to us, and the gentlemen have shown it, but in the rule that all who sail under the flag, (not being enemies,) are protected by the flag. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE THAT THIS COUN- TRY SHOULD EVER ABANDON THE GALLANT TARS WHO HAVE WON FOR US SUCH SPLENDID TROPHIES. Let me suppose that the Genius of Columbia should visit one of them m his oppressor's prison, and attempt to reconcile him to his forlorn and wietched condition. She would say to him, in the language of gentlemen on the other side, " Great Britain intends you no harm; she did not mean to impress you, but one of her own subjects; having taken you by mistake, I will remonstrate, and try to prevail upon her, by peaceful means, to release vou, but'l cannot, mv son, fight for you." If he did not consider this mere mockery, the poor tar would address her judgment and say, " You owe me, my country, protection ; I owe you, in return, obedience. I am no British subject ; I am a native of old Massachusetts, where live my aged father, my wife my childien I have faithfully discharged my duty. Will you refuse to do vours .' Appealing to her passions, he would continue : "Host this eye fighting under Truxfon, with the Insurgente: I got this scar before Tripoli ; I broke this leg on board the Constitution, when the Guerriere struck." If she remained still unmoved, he would break out, in the accents of mingled distress and despair— " Hard, hard is my fate ! once I freedom enjoyed. Was as happy as happy could be ! Oh ! how hard is my fate, how galling these chains !" I will not imagine the dreadful catastrophe to which he would be driven, bv an abandoment of him io his oppressor. It will not be, it cannot be, that this country will refuse him'protection. CONCLUSION. It remains only to remind our Whig friends that this is the moment for spirited and vigorous exertion, as well as for constancy and firmness. The great engine played against Mr. Clay is calumny ; not the ebullition of individuals, not the occasional extravagance of an irresponsible press, but an organized sys- tem of detraction and falsehood. In the language of the Locofoco party, "the public press is to be brought to bear" on every man who is its enemy, and whose talents and character are obstacles to its success. What they mean is, that the public press, from Maine to Louisiana, is to denounce and defame every such man, and proclaim him an object of public hatred or public scorn, in utter disregard of all truth, and with no fault to lay to his charge, except resistance to their will. We feel the deepest humiliation, not as friends of Mr. Clay, bot as American citizens, at the countenance given by those from whom better 30 things were expected, to this atrocious practice of personal abuse. We see, with mortification and grie/, as vvell as with something of irrepressible indignation, instances, not solitary, in which outrageous slan- der, the lowest and most disgusting scandal and defamation on liis public and private character, does not. turn away from its authors the liberal streams of patronage. If we may judge of the manner in wliich power will be exercised, by the means by which it is sought to be obtained, there is enough, truly, to alarm our fears, and to call forth all our exertions. America has ceased to be America; this country is no longer the country we have been taught from our youth to lave with the warmest attachment, if there be not virtue enough yet left among us, to meet with stern rebuke, and punish with just retiibution, this unbounded license of falsehood, this ferocity of calumny, which threatens to plunge society into violence or carry it back to barbarism. Kelying on a good cause, let the friends of Mr. CLAY breast this storm. Let them appeal to the good sense and the good feehng of the Pkoplk. Let them labor to dispel prejudice, confute error, and correct misrepresentation, and meet barefaced falsehoods with unqualified denials. Let them exert the powers of truth and of reason, to convince those around them of the importance of the present crisis. Events are on the wing, which will leave consequences of long duration and strong bearing, for evil or for good, on these Unite°d States. If our own opportunities of observation, upon men and things, have eiiabled us to form any true judgment, the success of the Locofoco candidate for the Presidency would be f'aught with disastrous consequences to the Government and to the country. Convinced, for ourselves deeply, that the great question nearly concerns the public safety, prosperity, and happiness; and resolved, for ourselves, one and all, to do our whole duty in exerting our utmost endeavors to carry on the cause to a triumphant result, we now invoke you, in the spirit of patriotism, to use your strongest exertions to elevate to the Presidency Henut Clay — a statesman who is profoundly versedin the history and Constitution of his coun- try ; who understands its connections and relations with foreign Powers, its political and commercial in- power „ ..... conceded to him on all sides; no political writer ever pretended to deny them; none of any reputation or authority ever omitted to give him credit for them. But the positive merits of Mr. Clay are not less ob- vious than his comparative qualifications. The many important stations he has filled with honor to him- self and advantage to the country, and to which he was raised by no unworthy act— no low intrigues prepared the way for his elevation. Rome herself does not afford an instance of gradation of honors ir.ore fairly earned, or more earnestly supported, by any of her citizens. To an eminent rectitude of under- standing, and sound and practical wisdom, he unites a peculiar dignity and integrity of principle, and such unatfected republican simplicity of character, as to make him appear like the posthumous offspring of a Ruman age. APPENDIX. A. James K. Polk's votes, taken from the Journals of the House of Representatives. THE TARIFF.— WOOL AND WOOLLENS. 1 The bill to amend acts imposing duties on imports— to protect woollen manufacturers and wool grow ers-passed-yeas 106, nays 95. James K. Polk voting way—Journal of H. of R. 1826-'27, page 282. ^^0 'The amendment imposing or Brussels, Turkey and Wilton cai-pets, &c , a duty of 70 cents persquars var^d • on Venetian and ingrain carpets, &c., 40 cents per square yard ; on all other kinds of carpets, &,c., of wool, flax, hemp, or cotton, &c., 32 cents per square yard, was agreed to— yeas 125, nays 6t). James ^3 The^amendment— "On woollen blankets 40 per cent, advalorem," was rejected— yeas 78, nays 105; '^T*n\^"am''endmenT— '''on worsted stuflTgoods and bombazines, 35 per cent ad valorem," was rejected- yeas 73 na^-sl07. James K. Polk vot.ng nay.-Jomml of H. of R. 1827- '28, pages 487, 489, 491 ; April 5 The tariff bill of 1828 passed— yeas 105, nays 94. James K. Polk voting nuj/.— Journal of H. of R 1827-'28, page 607; April 22d, 1828. , , n, • . , co -i.in t v 6 The amendment to reduce the duty on wool and woollens rejected— yeas 68, nays 120. James K. Polk voting y6a.- -Journal ot H. of R 1829-'30, page 6i6; May 11th, 1830. 7 ThH amendment of 40 per cent, ad valorem duty on unmanufactured wool was agreed to— yeas 113, Js 75 JamefK. Polk vot.ng «a.v.-Journal of H. of R. 1831-'3-2, page 919; June •22d, 18.32. 8 The amendment to raise duty on woollen yarn to 50 per cent, ad valorem was agreed to— yeas 110: nays 79 James K Polk vot.ng ,W--J->nal of H. oi;^R. 1831-'32, page 922; June 22d, 1832. q The amendment to raise the duty on mits, gloves, bindings, blankets, hosiei-y, and carpets, &c., ex .-Zt Rr issels In°rain, and Venetian carpets, from 25 per cent, ad valorem to 30 per cent ad valorem wa?rejectecS--yeas gS: z.ays 94. James K. Polk voting nay.-Journal of H. of R. l33I-'32, page 991 ''"lO The'amendment imposing on flannels and baizes a specific duty of 16 cents per sq. yard was agre© 31 —yeas 93, nays 91. James K. Polk voting noi/.~ Journal of H. of R. 1831-'82, page 1009; June 27tb, IIS32 11 The amendment to raise the duty on Brussels carpet to 63 cents per sq. yard was agreed to — yeas >8, nays 92. James K. Polk voting nay. — Journal of H. of R. 1831-'32, page 1006; June 27th, 1832. B. IRON, COTTON, HEMP, &c. 1 The amendment on other manufactures of hemp and flax, a duty of 30 per cent, until June 30th, ^829 — and thereafter an annual increase of 5 per cent until the whole ad valorem duty shall amount to 10 per cent — was rejected — yeas 48, nays 143. Jas. K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, )age491; April 7th, 1828. 2 The amendment on bar and bolt iron, made wholly or in part by rolling, a duty of #37 per ton, was igreed to— yeas 117, nays 71. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, page 515 ; Vpril 9th, 1828. 3 The amendment fixing rate of duty on raw cotton at 2 cents per pound was rejected — yeas 80, nays !1. James K. Polk voting wo^y— Journal ot H. of R. 1832-'33, page 377; February 20th, 1833. OIL CLOTHS, LEAD, OILS, &c, 4 The amendment ' on all patent floor cloths 50 cents per square yard; on oil cloth carpeting, &c. 25 ents per square yard ; on furniture oil cloth i.') cents per square yard ; on floor matting made of flags, &c. .5 cents per square yard, was agreed to — yeas 99, nays 93 — James K. Polk voting nay. Journal of H. .f R. 1827-'28, page 573; April 15th, 1828. 5 The amendment ' on all lead in pigs, bars or sheets, 3 cents per pound ; on leaden shots, 4 cents per >ound ; on red or white lead, dry or ground in oil, 5 cents per pound, &c., was agreed to — yeas 1 13, nays >7 — James K. Polk voting J^ffy. Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, page 753 ; May 15, 1828. 6 The amendment imposing on linseed, hempseed, and rapeseed oils a duty of 25 cents per gallon; oh ive oil 20 cents per gallon, was agreed to — yeas 86, nays 75. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of a. of R. 1832-'33, page 387 ; February 2 1st, 1833. HATS, SADDLES, BOOTS, &c. 7 The amendment imposing 'on cabinet wares, hats and caps of fur, leather or wool, whips, bridles, laddles, and all manufactures of leather not otherwise sjiecified, carriages and parts of carriages, and blank "Ooks, a duty of 30 per cent, ad valorem ; on boots and shoes $1 50 per pair, was agreed to — yeas 105, lays 75 — James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1831-'32, page 927 ; June 22d, 1832. DISTILLED SPIRITS, SUGAR. 8 The amendment imposing 30 per cent, additional duty on impoited distilled spirits was rejected — reas 58, nays 131. Jas. K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, page 502; April 8, 1828. 9 The amendment imposing 15 per cent additional duty on imported distilled spirits was agreed to reas 106, nays 87. Jas. K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, page 506 ; April 8, 1828. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS. 10 The motion to postpone the orders of the day, and take up the bill for the relief of the surviving of- icers of the revolution failed — yeas 87, nays 88. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1826 'i47, page 207 ; January 26th, 1827. 1 1 The Senate bill for the relief of certain surviving officers and soldiers of the army of the revolution, was passed — yeas ! 15, nays 58. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1827-'28, pages 734, ?39; May 1 3th, 1828. 12 The bill entitled 'An act declaratory of the several acts to provide for certain persons engaged ia '.he land and naval service of the United States in the revolutionary war ' was passed — yeas 122 nays 56. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1829-'30, page 443; March 19th, 1830. 13 The additional act providing for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the Unit- ed S(ates in the revolutionary war was passed — yeas 126, nays 48. James K, Polk voting ??ay Journal Df H. of R. 1831-'32, page 695; May 2nd, 1832, AMERICAN SEAMEN. 14 'An act for the relief of the widows and orphans of the officers, seamen, and marines of the sloop of var Hornet,' was passed — yeas 1 38, nays 42. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of R, 1829-'30, oage 309; February 18th, 1830. THE UNFORTUNATE. 15 The bill to provide for the indigent sufferers by fire in Alexandria passed — yeas 109, nays 67. '■ James K, Polk voting 7iay — Journal of H. of R. 1826-'27, page 183 ; January 19th, 1827. 0. The Tariff— Wool and WooUens. I A question of consideration of motion to reduce the duties on iron, wool, woollens, and cotton bagw ging, decided in the negative — yeas 66, nays 1 M, Jas. K. Polk voting yw — Journal of H. of R. 1630- 31. page 59; Dec. 14, 18,10. ■^' 32 2 The amendment of theSenate, increasing the duty on Merino shawls, and other manufactures o wool, to 57 per cent, ad valorem, was rejected — yeas 84, nays 91. James K. Polk voting nay — Journa of H. of R. 183 1 -'32, page 1123; July 10th, 1832. 3 The amendment imposing on cloths, kerseymeres, merino shawls, and other woollen manufactures,! duty of $3.5 for every i^lOO in value thereof until March 2d, 1835, then a duty of |30 until March 2(1 1836, and thereafter a duty of $25, was agreed to — yeas 106, nays 73. James K. Polk voting nay— Journal of H. of R. 1832-'33, page 356 ; February 18th, 1833. Iron, Cotton, Hemp, etc. 4 The amendment imposing on cotton bagging a duly of 4^ cents per square yard until June 30tl 1829, and thereafter a duty of 5^ cents per square yard, was agreed to — yeas 112, nays 77. James K Polk voting Jjftjy— Journal ofH. of R. 1827-'28, page 496 ; April 7th, 1828. 5 The amendment to raise the duty on hemp to $10 per ton was agieed to — yeas 98, nays 93. Jame K. Polk voting rtffy— Journal of H. of R. 1831-32, page 1003 ; June 27th, 1832. 6 The amendment fixing rate of duty on raw coiton at two cents per pound was rejected — yeas 80, naj 81. James K. Polk voting /iojr— Journal of H. of R. 1832-'33, page 377 ; February 20lh, 1833. Sugar. 7 The bouse refused to reconsider resolution repealing the duty on sugar — yeas 83, nays 98. Jami K. Polk voting ^^ea— Journal of H. of K. 1830-'31, page 49 ; December 13th, 1830. Coffee and Tea, 8 The amendment to strike out the duty on coffee was agreed to — yeas 117, nays 57. James K. Po voting ??a_//— Journal of H. of R. l832-'33. page 390; February 21st, 1833. 9 The amendment to strike out the duty on teas was agreed to — yeas 108, nays 62. James K. Po voting nay — Journal of H. of R. 1832-'33, page 392 ; February 21st, 1833, REVOLUTION.ARY SOLDIERS. 10 The bill entitled ' An act supplementary to the act for the relief of certain surviving officers and s diers of the revolution,' pussed — yeas 132, nays 52. James K. Polk voting nay — Journal of H. of 1830-31, page 323; February 17th, 1831, The Poor. 1 1 The resolution to appropriate 30 cords of wood to the suffering poor of Georgetown, D. C , v adopted — yeas 108, nays 79. James K. Polk voting riay — Journal of H. of R. 1830-'31, page 2 February 1st, 1831, District of Columbia, county of Washington, to wit : I certify, that on the 10th day of September, one thousand eight hundred and forty-four, I compa the votes of James K. Polk, as stated in the paper hereunto annexed marked A, and numbered from 1 11 inclusive, with the Journals of the House of Representatives, and find them to be correctly copied. W. THOMPSON, J. P. DiSTTiicT OF Columbia, county of Washington, to wit : I hereby certify, that on the eleventh day of September, one thousand eight handred and forty-fou compared the votes of James K. Polk, as stated in the paper hereunto annexed, (^marked B,) and ni bered from 1 to 15 inclusive, with the Journals of the House of Representatives, and find them to be c rectly copied. JNO. L. SMITH, J. P United States of Xjiihricx, Department of State : To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. I certify, that W. Thompson and John L. Smith, whose names are subscribed to the paper herei annexed, are now, and were, at the time of subscribing the same, justices of the peace for the count Washington, in the District of Columbia, duly commissioned, and that full faith and confidence are to their acts as such. In testimony whereof, I, John C. Calhoun, Secretary of State of the United States, have hereunto i scribed my name, and caused the seal of the Department of State to be affixed. Done at [seal.] city of Washington, this twelfth day of September, A. D. 1844, and of the independence of United States of America the 69th. J, C. CALHOUN. Distuict of Columbia, county of Washington, to wit : I certify, that on this 17th day of September, 1844, 1 compared the votes of James K. Polk, as state the paper hereunto annexed marked C, and numbered from one to eleven inclusive, with the journa the House of Representatives, and find them to be correctly copied, W, THOMPSON, J. Peat For sale at Gideon's Piinting Office, Washington, D. C. Price $2 per 10 i I Lfc Ap '09 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 783 270 3