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 81 
 
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SF 481 
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 Copy 1 
 
The Carneau 
 
 Copyrighted 1910 '],''' 
 BY '" •• 
 
 The International Carneau Club and Pigeon Association 
 
 All Rights Reserved 
 
 PRICE 50 CENTS 
 
c^^ 
 
 C'CI.A2?5990 
 
OFFICERS 
 
 President 
 FRANK LEE MILES 
 
 DANVILLE. PA. 
 
 Secretary 
 J. W. WILLIAMSON 
 
 Office 
 
 GLASSBORO, N. J. 
 
Vice-Presidents 
 
 ERNEST L. WINSLOW, 1st V. P. 
 
 APPONAUG, R 
 
 WM.J. KINSLEY.5//jI/. P. 
 
 NUTLEY, N. J. 
 
 U. W. IVER^LN. ^.)Jr. P. 
 
 MILWAUKEE. WIS. 
 F. WARREN SNOW, 3rd V. P. SIDNEY ALLEN, 4th V. P. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. ORCHARD PARK. N. Y. 
 
State Vice-Presidents 
 
 FRANK BARNARD 
 Honeoye Falls, - N. Y. 
 
 OSCAR H. HEMING 
 Fort Atkinson, - WIS. 
 
 A. J. McCAULEY 
 Perryville, - - MO. 
 
 HOWARD BUTCHER 
 
 New Britain, - - PA. 
 
 B. PETERSON 
 
 20 Jackson Place 
 Jamaica Plain, Boston, MASS. 
 
 NAT. B. COMSTOCK 
 
 Peoria - - ILL. 
 
 M. M. Mc D. PRICE 
 
 Belcamp, Hartford Co., - MD. 
 
 ALONZO NEWLIN 
 Marshallton, - - DEL. 
 
 ASH SOLOMON 
 
 16 1 2 th Street 
 
 Columbus, - - GA. 
 
 W. H. SHERRADEN 
 
 4 1 2 McCague Bldg. 
 
 Omaha, - - NEB. 
 
 T. HERBERT FOX 
 Lynchburg, - - VA. 
 
 T. J. MACKEY 
 R. D. No. 8 
 
 Topeka, - - KAS. 
 
 S. F. WALKER 
 Georgetown, - - O. 
 
 ANDY FROMHERZ 
 
 3935 Chestnut St. 
 
 New Orleans - - LA. 
 
 PHILIP W. GLEASON 
 
 608 1 6th Street 
 
 Detroit. - - MICH. 
 
 JOHN COLE 
 
 Humbold, - IOWA 
 
 W. B. ROBINSON 
 
 Old Orchard, - ME. 
 
 G. E. HENRY 
 
 365 Hawthorne Avenue 
 
 Palo Alto, - - CAL. 
 
 CLYDE M. RICE 
 Decatur, - - IND. 
 
Buy Our Motto Best 
 
 m 
 
 Constitution and By-Laws 
 
 OF THE 
 
 International Carneau Club 
 
 and Pigeon Association 
 
 containing the only official standard (copyrighted) of the 
 Carneau. Its origin, breeding qualities and valuable in- 
 formation to the fancy and squab-raising industry in 
 general. 
 
 The Motto of our Club is the 4 B's 
 
 Buy Best Breed Better 
 
 The only authorized Carneau band are those 
 designated by the American Pigeon Club and to be 
 used in accordance with American Pigeon Club Rules. 
 
 Oreed Better 
 
LAWS 
 
 QoVerning the International Carneau Club and 
 Pigeon Association. 
 
 It shall possess the title of and be known as The International 
 Carneau Club and Pigeon Association. 
 
 Ol'.lKCT AND POWER. 
 
 Its object shall be to further the interests of Carneaux, to subserve 
 the best interests of its members and their mutual protection, guard 
 against fraud in sales; also in exhil)ition purposes, to secure proper 
 classification at all shows deaned advisable; proper banding, and to keej) 
 this pigeon before the public through the medium of pigeon and poultry 
 press ; and in all honorable and worthy manner advance the carneau to 
 the exalted position it should hold in the fancy exhibitions and squal)- 
 producing pigeon world. 
 
 It shall 1)e internation.nl in its name and nature. 
 
 While it opens its doors to all good and desirable pigeon men and 
 women, it bars all of questionable character and of undesirable association. 
 
 It shows no discrimination in ballot or voting, or eligibility to office 
 on account of se.x. 
 
 The only age limit is accountability. 
 
 The otfcers shall consist of a president and five vice presidents, a 
 secretary and treasurer. Said officers shall constitute the executive com- 
 mittee or board of directors. The decisions and mandates of said 
 executive board shall be supreme, unless reversed l)y a two-thirds vote 
 at a regular authorized meeting at which there are nut less than fifteen 
 niemliers. 
 
 ST.ATF. OFFICK. 
 
 Each State or Province may have a vice president, to be known as 
 
 7 
 
the State vice president of which he is a resident. He shall exercise the 
 power of an executive of State and have jurisdiction of State reciuire- 
 nients. He shall assist the executive officers in their duties. His actions 
 must be suhservient to said officials, submit to them a report of his State, 
 and matters of import, with suggestions relative thereto. 
 
 They are the State representatives, hence are entitled to be present at 
 all meetings of the executive board; the right of Hoor and speech on all 
 (|ueslions, but n()t the right of ballot on executive questions. 
 
 VACANCIES. 
 
 Vac.incies shall be tilled by executive board, subject to approval at 
 regular meeting. When an appointment of executive board does not meet 
 approval at a regular meeting, then vacancy shall be hlled by ballot, and 
 newh' elected take inuiiediate possession of his office. 
 
 MEKTINGS. 
 
 Regular meetings shall be those designated by vote at regular meeting, 
 or called by the duly authorized officers. No meeting can be called and 
 i)e understood as a regular meeting urless due notice of a private nature 
 to every member, or a public call. The minutes nuist state said meeting 
 is regular. In the absence of the president, any vice president can preside, 
 preference in their order of territory. In absence of all executive board, 
 then any State vice president shall preside. Xo meeting can be regular 
 unless called by president, secretary or executive board. 
 
 DIVISION MKKTINGS. 
 
 Any of the executive board, or any State vice-president may call on 
 brief notice, such as card in conspicuous place at show, or other manner, 
 a di\ision meeting: provided lirst. unless it is called by president, secretary 
 or board. The vice president of the territorial jurisdiction nuist have 
 notice, if i)ossible, and preference to [)reside. 
 
 2nd. That no vice president of a State can call a meeting except in 
 the State where he holds the power of off:ce. And further, any five mem- 
 bers can notify A-ice president or State \ ice iiresident to call a division 
 meeting. H he refuses after request in writing, then an_\- tive members 
 can hold a meeting and select one of their number to preside. 
 
 I'ifteen members c;m order the executixe otffcers to hold a meeting 
 at any show; provided, if officers are not present, they must guarantee 
 
the pay for general expense of secretary at said meeting, otherwise it 
 can not become a reynlar meeting. 
 
 W hile division meetings are not regular, they shall report to the secre- 
 tary all proceedings ard suggestions. Which shall be presented by secre- 
 tary at regular meeting, and if approved by a majority vote they shall 
 become law. 
 
 ]t must be distinctly understood that a division meeting is not a 
 branch or a stationary division, but a temporary action for best carrying 
 out the interest of the club in a territorial section where a regular meeting 
 has not been called. Nothirg herein is to be understood as preventing 
 a division meeting from adjourning from meet to meet, or place to place. 
 
 A division meeting not reporting to secretary shall be ignored. Report 
 must be in writing. Fees and dues are a matter for legislation. Bands 
 are a matter for legislation from time to time. 
 
 We approve and recommend to all shows the American Pigeon Club, 
 its rules and laws. We fully believe that under these our pigeon club 
 rules shows are held to a more careful and lawful procedure. 
 
 We recognize the American Pigeon Club band as the authorized band, 
 and request all carneau breeders who raise for show purposes to use 
 this band. 
 
 Nothing in the above is to be construed so as to prevent use of other 
 bands in connection therewith, such as color or other bands. 
 
 In banding we urge all to comply with show regulations. 
 
 BILLS PAYABLE. 
 
 Bills are payable by secretary subject to order of executive board or 
 regular meet, 
 
 BANDS. 
 
 We recommend as the only carneau band compulsory for show pur- 
 poses the seamless regulation band set apart by American Pigeon Club 
 rules. 
 
 MISDEMEANOR, 
 
 The executive board shall hear and pass upon all complaints of any 
 kind and report their decision at a regular meeting. If approved by a 
 majority vote the findings shall stand. If not, they must be dismissed. 
 
 Grievances must be made in writing in due form to secretary. No 
 
attention will be paid to verljal or unsigned connnunications in nature of 
 grievances. 
 
 A complaint against a member of club by a non-member shall be 
 acted upon as in the judgment of the e.\ecuti\e it may deem best, pro- 
 videil committee or lioard deem it from a reliable source. If deemed 
 admissible the\' ma\- call for witness or sworn testimony. The Ijoard 
 cannot other than condenm the actions of guilty, and must subnnt all 
 papers in the case to a regular meeting, who may have the power of repri- 
 mand, suspension or e.xpulsion. Xo member can be reprimanded except by 
 
 a majority vote: be suspended except by twu-thirds vote; expelled except 
 by over a three-fourths vote. 
 
 Decided and unquestionable preference shall be given to judges who 
 are members of the Carneau Club. No question of above must antagonize 
 club and show. 
 
 All judges must use the authorized standard for judging carneaux. 
 Any judge failing to do this when it has been positively proven, then the 
 secretary of club shall lodge a protest against said judge, provided all 
 power to adjust or remove the party fails. 
 
 Jf show refuses to remove, or give a competent judge who will use 
 the standard of authority, secretary shall gi\e due notice of same to all 
 exhibitors, and we would deem it unwise to exhibit at such intolerant 
 show. .At no time must word or hmguage be used in nature of boycott, 
 as we must as a club be law abiding oursehes, as we ask it of others. 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Pr(iposition for membership must be to secretary, accompanied by 
 a sufficient sum to pay for Carneau Book, so that every member shall be 
 in possession of information, standard and laws, the price for book to 
 said applicant being 50 cents. It is urged upon all to take membership 
 card, being ](i cents, latter not comiiulsory. In case of rejections all 
 money must be returned. Cpon aiiplication for membership, the secretary 
 may record said name, and if deemed advisable l)y him or recommended 
 l)y a member, he shall forthwith mail said book to him. Submit name to 
 executive lioard and after thirty days, if no olijections otfered, he or she 
 shall be a full-Hedged member of the club. 
 
 ]0 
 
IMPKACHMENT. 
 
 Impeachment of any officer or officers must be by trial and at a regular 
 meeting, and be effective upon a vote of three-fourths of members; pro- 
 vided there is present not less than 30 members. 
 
 Meetings shall be held with that decorum due any legislative body. 
 
 Business shall proceed in regular order, the officers and all members 
 present recorded. 
 
 The minutes read at close for correction or approval, and at the 
 opening for information. 
 
 Routine of business shall proceed in usual manner, conducted after 
 the best parliamentary rules and code. 
 
 Questions governed by any authorized legislative manual. 
 Vice presidents to be chosen as near as possible to best territorial loca- 
 tion, to be mnnl)ered in their order, and where possilile to have one east, 
 west, north, south, and central. 
 
 A quorrm shall be lixed from meet to meet. If less than six mem- 
 bers, then it shall rei|uire a unanimous vote to change law-standard or 
 disperse money. When a quorum of less than ten or nine members, 
 three-quarters vote can change laws. \o change can be made in standard 
 unless recommended by all the executive committee and a two-thirds vote 
 of a meeting of not less than fifteen members. 
 
 It must be distinctly understood that any memlier has all the rights 
 of membership at any meeting, regular or division, and cannot be deprived 
 of such by his territorial location. That is to say a member from west has 
 same privileges at an eastern meet as at a western meet. 
 
 11 
 
STANDARD 
 
 OF . . ^ 
 
 International Carneau Club and Pigeon Association 
 
 and must be used for Judging all Exhibition Carneaux. 
 
 Adopted and approved by standard committee, and the uu\y authorized 
 standard tor jndges and show use. 
 
 CLASSIFICATIONS 
 
 SOLID RED CL/\SS. 
 
 Class Old Birds, Cock Class.... Young. 19.... Male 
 
 Class Old I'lirds, Hen Class.... "\oung, 19.... Female 
 
 ROSE WIXG, RED. 
 
 Class Old Birds. Cock Class. . . . Young, 19. . . . Male 
 
 Class Old Birds, Hen Class.... Young. 19.... Female 
 
 SOLID YELLOW CL.'XSS. 
 
 Class Old Birds. Cock Class Young, 19. . . . Male 
 
 Class Old Birds. Hen Class.... Young. 19.... Female 
 
 ROSE WING, YELLOW CLASS. 
 
 Class Old Birds, Cock Class Young. 19. . . . Male 
 
 Class Old Birds. Hen Class.... Young, 19.... I'emale..., 
 
 BREEDERS, OR OTHER COLOR, CLAS.?. 
 
 Class Old Birds. Cock Class. . . . Young. 19. . . . Male 
 
 Class Old Birds. Hen Class.... Young. 19.... Female..,. 
 
 12 
 
COLOR. 
 
 Note 1. In judging as to color, said color is very much the same as 
 that used by artists in depicting the faces of the original Indians, such as 
 Powhatan, Pocohontas, etc., and in the neck shading there seems to blend 
 a slight golden hue bordering on the iris or rainbow midst the beryl shade. 
 
 Note 2. The markings on rose wing in ornate, should be an emphatic 
 contrast from body color. To conform as near as possible (not compul- 
 sory) to a circle in centre of coverts or an oval corresponding with 
 wing proportion, forming a diameter of 2 to IVy inches, or not to appear 
 as a mottled wing. 
 
 Note 3. Small scattering feathers on legs or toes are permissible 
 and to be construed as "clear from feathers." 
 
 Color and feathers must be judged from EXTERIOR appearance. 
 "Solid color does not always pervade these feathers down to quill, but 
 shades lighter." The words "s(ilid color" is to be construed as it appears 
 to the eye with bird at ease or in natural position. 
 
 Under color (not fluff) should be examined carefully. 
 
 The deeper the color pervades the fluff, the more valualile the bird. 
 
 Note 4. The under color as it appears to eye when holding wings, 
 so as to expose all exterior feathers of both wing and body, which are 
 hidden when wings in natural position should be judged, and nearer it 
 corresponds to the color not hidden the more preferal)le (not fluff) but 
 exposed feathers. 
 
 Judges will smooth feathers to their natural position where fluff shows 
 from handling or cage effect, BEFORE judging. 
 
 SCORING POINTS. 
 
 Size 6 Color in 
 
 Weight 6 Wings 3 Synnnetry .S 
 
 Head 5 Body 6 Feathers 3 
 
 Beak 3 Legs 5 Wing Butts 2 
 
 Eye 2 Condition 5 Wattle 3 
 
 Cere 2 Throat 3 Leg Color. 2 
 
 Neck 6 Chest 3 Feet 2 
 
 Back 8 Flights 3 Skull 2 
 
 Tail 2 Shoulders 3 
 
 100 
 
 13 
 
SCORIXG PorXTS. 
 
 1. Ill Solid and Rose Wing Classes score as follows: 
 
 2. Slate or blue nini]i must lie cut down 20 points, or dis(|ualificd. 
 
 3. Gray runi]) must he cut down 15 points or disqualified. 
 
 4. White rump must lie cut down 12 points. 
 
 5. White feathers, or off color, must he cut down EACH 5 points 
 or uKTre. 
 
 6. In Rose Wing Classes, red, jellow, wdnte and other feathers are 
 permissihle in ornate. 
 
 7. Birds of less than 70 points, or cut 31 points, would he eligilile to 
 T.reeders' Class only and disqualified as show birds in any other than 
 "Breeders' Class." 
 
 8. Birds eligible to Solid or Rose Wing Classes cannot compete in 
 Breeders' Class. 
 
 9. In Breeders' Class or other color, cut as follows: 
 
 10. Slate or blue rump must be cut down 10 points or more. 
 
 11. Gray rump must be cut down 8 points or more. 
 
 12. White riniij) iiui^t be cut down 2 to 5 points or more. 
 
 13. White or other color feathers are permissible as long as red or 
 3ellow predominate, but should be judged by comparison. 
 
 14. This does not admit of blue or slate. 
 
 15. Birds under 50 points disqualified. 
 
 16. Scoring points not otherwise mentioned: 
 
 TO BE USED IX JUDGING ALL EXIIIBITIOX CARNEAUX. 
 
 MALES. 
 
 HEAD. — The ])rofile rising perceptibly from wattle, f(Trehead prom- 
 inent, then slightly flattened, showing no great angularity or extreme 
 flatness, to short distance back of eye, then descending gradually to 
 neck. The top view broad from eye to eye, entirely clear from any snake- 
 like appearance. 
 
 BEAK. — Medium in length, stout and close fitting, showing no ill 
 shape. 
 
 EYE. — Large and prominent, centrally located. Conspicuous for size, 
 roundness, lustre and general appearance. 
 
 14 
 
IRIS. — Color opalescent, shading from orange tint to red; may show 
 deep orange or bright red. 
 
 CERE (EYE). — Small, not too conspicuous: color cream, or a tlesh 
 shading to orange or red. free from roughness and all wart-like appear- 
 ance of any kind. 
 
 WATTLE. — Small and siuooth. \'-shaped, entirely free from all 
 coarseness, white, cream or flesh in color. .... 
 
 NECK. — Strong and well proportioned, showing no angularity or 
 swan-like appearance, such as seen in "hen pigeons," also of medium 
 length and thickness, gradually tapering from throat and nai)e to a well 
 developed and good broad chest in perfect symmetry. 
 
 BACK. — Broad across the shoulders, straight in line from shoulder 
 to tip of tail, entirely clear from any sign of "hog back" or curvatures; 
 this applies to natural position in repose and to be thus construed. 
 
 WINGS. — Powerful in proportion. Butts not prominent or con- 
 spicuous. Plights carried over tail feathers closely overlapping, lower 
 half of flight, if edged with white in solid color, must be cut not less 
 than 3 to 5 points or more on each feather. 
 
 TAIL. — Extending slightly beyond flights, carried straight with liack; 
 closing as in appearance of two feathers, or straight, not too much wedge 
 shape or point at ending. Objections and disqualifications "Runt drag" 
 or "Hen lift." 
 
 LEGS. — Decidedly strong and masculine, straight and erect, clean, 
 clear from feathers. Nothing herein is to be construed as to admit of any 
 bird of the feather leg copy or feather leg birds except scattering on legs 
 or toes which shall be acceptable and termed clean legged. Space about 
 three inches from keel to level, fair spread, red in color. 
 
 THIGHS. — In keeping with body and synunctry, free from any sign 
 of "hen straddle"' or "Runt squat," legs set well back in body. 
 
 FEET. — In keepirg with body and symmetry in general, rather strong 
 be not too long in toes, corresponding with substantial tarsus both in 
 size and color. 
 
 BODY. — Compact, deep in keel, straight in breast, conspicuous front 
 in perfect symmetry, showing no angularity but ideal symmetrical propor- 
 
 15 
 
tiiins in (Ict.'iil : Hcsli hard and massive, hut not so as to mar heanty or 
 elegance of ligure, entirely free from "hen" or "Runt" characteristics or 
 appearance. 
 
 CARRIAGE. — Haughty, hold, rather erect and pleasing to the eye. 
 Male when in admiration quite often standing partly turned toward ohject 
 in partial repose, spreads tail slightly, forming an ideal picture of beauty 
 and grace. Noticeable when in display pen. 
 
 WEIGHT. — Erom 15 to 24 ounces, females averaging about 2 ounces 
 less than males. Minimum, females, 15 oz. ; male, 17 oz. ; preferred 
 weight, females, 17 to 23 ounces, males 19 to 24 ounces. 
 
 PLUMAGE.- — Must be true to color aid close fitting, of a decidedly 
 dark deep copper red with deep set metallic sheen in neck coloring. Chest- 
 nut color, resembling the ripe chestnut when showing in cushion of burr, 
 of deep dark velvet shade, showing a silk velvet sheen, tending to deep 
 copper red coloring. More noticeable in old than young birds, the metal- 
 lic sheen of neck tending into body color for proper blending, and m^ 
 too great a contrast from body color. The lustre nuich more pronounced 
 in males than females. The dark velvet-like lustre tending to copper red 
 must be entirely free from lilue "rock" slate coloring or even shading on 
 any of the body or other feathers. 
 
 I'.reast nnist agree fully in deep dark color as mentioned above, except 
 where blending with neck, when it may gradually take neck color. The 
 oidy exception being in variegated shade of neck, in solid red class (see 
 neck color). 
 
 NECK. — Deep lustrous copper bronze, with bright beryl metallic 
 sheen, objections and disqualilications are mondaine and similar otif 
 coloring. 
 
 EEMALES may be same standard as above for males, except not 
 so pronounced in color, neck thickness and shading of neck, also more 
 feminine in general appearance and construction, being slightly more 
 slender and delicate. The nearer female corresjionds in type an<l feather 
 to males the more preferable. The al)ove applies to solitl red exhibition 
 birds. 
 
 ROSE W IXG. — Red Class — ( Tigre Rouge) — Same standard as in solid 
 red class, except a limited number of white or other colored feathers in 
 body of wing forming a rosette in appearance or ornamental design, not 
 
 16 
 
to extend heyond coverts or sliow too consp'Ciiou? in extreme Uutts or 
 edge of wings, so constructed as not to detract from solid red body of 
 wing or attractive ornate on red background. 
 
 SOLID YELLOW CARXEAUX.— Same standard as solid red class, 
 as to type and all requirements except color, which must be a deep buff 
 golden yelldw. lustrous and pleasing to the eye. Precedence must be 
 given to golden and buff over fawn color. Neck shading opalescent and 
 golden hues. Eyes more opalescent, shading to orange, cream or lemon 
 color more so than in red, and beak slightly lighter in color. This bird 
 cannot compete in other than solid yellow class. 
 
 ROSE WING, YELLOW CLASS.— Same standard as solid yellow 
 class, except wing ornate, which is same as rose wing, red except back 
 ground of wing, which is yellow. When this bird competes with rose wing 
 red, all things being equal, preference must be given to red class. Classes 
 should be separate, if not so arranged, this class must take second con- 
 sideration and can only win over red when judges see so many points 
 of virtue that in their judgment they so decide, that of right it ought to 
 be made an exception and given superiority; this judges shall have the 
 right to do, and must be so stated and final, 
 
 BREEDERS' CLASS OR OTHER COLOR.— The same standard as 
 to all points, t\-pe, general requirements as specified for solid classes, the 
 exception being feather color. Feathers may be : first, red ; second, yel- 
 low ; third, white. Either of these may have other companion color; pro- 
 vided in all cases, it must consist of those colors when more than two, 
 the red, yellow, white, taking precedence in their order. The red or yellow 
 must be most conspicuous, decided preference given to the predominance 
 of these colors and precedence by points. (A red or yellow showing all 
 the colors in one bird is acceptable. That is to say, it may have red, 
 yellow and white feathers.) 
 
 The blue, or "rock," also slate shades, must be cut heavily, if not dis- 
 qualified. Judge shall have the right to disqualify where blue or slate 
 shades is too conspicuous; also in all cases of lack of carneau points 
 Judges must exercise care not to recognize any but decided red. yellow- 
 er white. ?)irds having the predominance of red or yellow preferred. 
 Birds eligible to solid or rose classes must not be recognized in Breeders' 
 
 J7 
 
(ir other color class. The predominant color must he red, yellow or 
 white, in their order. 
 
 Runts, Alondaines and (|Uestional)le C'araneaux must he ruled out. 
 
 DISQU.\LTMC.\TIOXS.— Others than mentioned in standard, hlue, 
 slate, rock or mondaine color, "hog hack," hen or runt eccentricities, swan 
 neck, off color, cut down to less than 50 points. Tampered vvwith such as 
 coloring, i)hicking, general lack of requirements, indications of fraud, also 
 violation of exhihition rules; fraudulent classification, proved fault was 
 preconceixetl on part of exhihitor to decei\e. 
 
 By order of standard committee. 
 
 FR.WK LEE MILES. President. 
 ERXEST L. WINSLOW, l-irst \ice President. 
 U. W. IVERSEX, Second Vice President. 
 Attest : 
 
 J. W. WILLLXMSOX, Secretary. 
 
 18 
 
FRANK LEE MILES 
 
 CARNEAUX 
 
 Out of the unknown of the past we seek to trace the ideal of the 
 present. "Whence the beginning, where the resting place, and what tlie 
 purpose? Xo man can explain, hut this much we know, God made nothing 
 in vain. 
 
 The origin of pigeons and their primitive state will never be fully 
 explained. Great writers hedge all their references to this subject with a 
 proviso or ambiguous sayings. In fact, as we have historians of many 
 kinds, we also have writers of many minds. 
 
 The accepted belief and the expressed opinions as to all pigeon source, 
 such as descending from Blue Rock, or Passenger Pigeon, we give little 
 credence. The Darwin theory of the evolution of man, if correct, might 
 corroborate some in these views. But mind the "if." To accept other 
 than the biblical history of man is to question God and deny Sacred Writ. 
 Still we find many who prefer to trace their ancestry to the pre-historic 
 monkey kirgdom. Why, they do not explain. We view man today and 
 say if these writers are correct there must have been a wonderful up- 
 
 19 
 
heaval of evolntion. If they arc wrong they certainly make a mistake, and 
 a l)ig one at that. Then, if such a Mundcr in man and his origin, why not 
 in pigeons and their derivation? This leads us to the question of pigeon 
 origin. 
 
 To accept the theory that all pigeons spring from the Blue Rock or 
 its kind is to helieve that in-arrd-in breeding will increase size, develop 
 better qualities and general intelligence. It certainly is against all laws of 
 nature. 
 
 View with pleasure and profit the great variety of pigeons today ; note 
 their great tenacity to develop characteristics of parents, such as qualities 
 that set them apart. All this could have been bred in them, but must have 
 had a type. We here realize the necessity of so-called "cr(issing" one 
 quality with another. 
 
 We find no one to contend that Idrds are the offsiiring of a single 
 variety, the Bible being explicit on this. Note a few quotations from 
 Genesis : 
 
 " and fowl that may fly above the earth.' 
 
 "And every winged fowl after his kind." 
 "Let fowls multiply on the earth." 
 
 Then the command to preserve for future, the fdling of the Ark: 
 "Of fowls of the air by sevens, male and female." 
 "Into the -\rk — and every fowl after his kind." 
 "Every bird of every sort." 
 "And he sent forth a raven." 
 "He sent forth a do\ e from him." 
 "The dove found no rest." 
 
 "And the dove came in to him in the evening and lo, in her mouth 
 was an olive leaf plucked off." 
 
 The above quotations would justify us in saying that pigeons, often 
 called d(.nes, were classified as birds. Possibly all agree that "after their 
 kind and sort" in birds meant size, color and variety. 
 
 Then why not pigeons the same' Adujiting this hypotheisf (first ask- 
 ing if pigeons are not birds of the air, what are they?' we have the solu- 
 tion of origin and variety to deny. First to the creation "birds after their 
 knid," no doulit a great variety embracing all sizes, color and qualities. 
 Then in prehistoric limes, intermingling and comingling brought about 
 certain changes, possibly most noticeable color and or at least variety of 
 plumage- Possibly medieval man, for puniose of utility combining quali- 
 ties, ga\e us a precedent to follow. The fact is established beyond con- 
 
 20 
 
troversy that promiscuous inlireeding weakens vitalit>'. reduces size and 
 is detrimental for all purposes except pj'gmj^ effect. 
 
 We think we have good authority for saying that it would have been 
 impossible to breed our twentieth century birds — who for beauty of 
 plumage vie with peacock and pheasant — from Coluniba Livia alone, who 
 are pretty much all of a size (less than most of our present-day pigeons), 
 also vary but little in color. Now from the past modern ideas have, by 
 deep study, given us many kinds and many qualities, some of which for 
 brilliancy of color and shading divide honors with the rainbow. 
 
 As far back as we can trace pigeon variety or kind we trace the 
 Carneau, known, it is true, under different names. This we also find true 
 of most, of not all, varieties. The best authority regarding Carneaux 
 is possibly Brent ; also others of the earliest writers. They all. Brent in 
 particular, speak of a large, prolific "red pigeon," also a golden yellow 
 (the Tigre Rouge) which is a large red pigeon with spots of white on 
 wings, rest of feathers a deep red (meaning no doubt the Rose Wing 
 of present date), coming to Willoughby; of a pigeon smaller than the 
 "Runt," but much more prolific and adept on wings. If we trace these 
 writings to a later date in France we find it corroborated by those who 
 by exceptional care and segregation gave us our present ideal liird. We 
 find by careful interview with experienced French fanciers, breeders and 
 connoisseurs that France rightfully claims to be the first to give these 
 birds prominence for their great squab producing qualities. The name 
 "carneau" finds its first use there. 
 
 Belgium lays claim to a certain extent, which is justified in the 
 Carneau as it exists today. The French Carneau differs from the Belgium 
 breed, it being as a rule much lighter in build, showing a more slender and 
 lengthy frame. Belgium birds being more stocky. This I noticed in all my 
 travels and importations. 
 
 Realizing the advantage of each country's bird, my first move was to 
 import selections from both and cross these breeds and watch results, 
 all of which has proven highly satisfactory and given us a l)ird superior 
 to either of, or any of the original importations or foreign birds. 
 
 The standard has been the work of careful study and research, com- 
 bining the experience of fanciers and breeders aliroad with those of 
 America, and taken from the best birds that money could buy. The 
 
 21 
 
(-i-(!cavor of the C'lul), tlic correct and explicit points, certairly deserves 
 corrmendation. 
 
 Kspecial at'ert'on is called to carriage, synnnetry, beauty of color, 
 the glossy, velvety red, the Rose Wing ( Tigre Rouge) differing only with 
 rose marking on the wings, which may be of any color. The golden deep 
 yellow in the solid Yellow and Rose Wing class. The Scinab class admit- 
 ting of other color, l)ut requiring a positive preponderance in body color. 
 The prominent eye. The above points marking their excellence for show 
 room or exhibition purposes. All combining with their exceptional sepiab- 
 breeding cjualities to place them par excellence. Test after test has been 
 made in this line, and the Carneaux, without an exception, are the victors. 
 
 That a bird which produces so freely and often, and wdiose scjuabs, 
 under preiper environments, will weigh ecjual with the largest of any pigeon 
 known, and at the same time produce safely, as a rule, close to ten pairs 
 per year, may well be termed the Titan of squab breeders. Consensus of 
 opii-iion places them as the 1 est all-round bird for utility purposes, and 
 rmler proper care C( mmensurate with their oi.erofs duties, this remains 
 ur challenged. 
 
 Carneaux require cleanliness. The sanilatiin mrst 1 e of the best. 
 While they arc elite and can be depended upi.n for their work, environ- 
 ments must assist. The four letters — our motto — will, if carried out, give 
 you results that yr)u will ever be proud of : Buy Best Breed Better. 
 
 Carmeaux have many claimants for !irst importation in America. They 
 were little known until possibly 1900, when they were brought into 
 prominence by the writer of this article, who had made a careful study 
 of their merits, which resulted in America raising specimens which far 
 surpassed the original importations. In an interview with an elderly 
 I""renchman he stated that his grandfather, when moving from I'"rance to 
 Belgium, had brought quite a number with him, and stated as far back as 
 his memory carried Carneaux were the utility bird of p'rance. Also 
 stating that said grand-parent often spoke of the great numbers in his 
 earlier days in France : further stating that they were very numerous in 
 France and Belgium. 
 
 The English wood-cuts of some three hundred years ago show a red, 
 also a yellow pigeon, which, with an apology for its crude workmanship 
 and design, resembles very closely the Carneau. 
 
 W hether the Carneau is of the original or result e)f careful crossing 
 
 22 
 
IS inmiaterial, as we Puid our liirds of today are all that could really l)e 
 desired. The American lofts of today hold American-bred birds that no 
 foreign bird can equal when judged from all points of the standard. 
 
 As the American lieauty Rose is in the flower kingdom, so is the Car- 
 Jieau in the pigeon workl. It remains for ns to hokl them to this jtoint 
 of excellence. 
 
 In hoc signo vinces. 
 
 Life is a mirror for king or slave; 
 
 Jt is just what you are and do. 
 Then give to the world the best that you can 
 
 .'\nd the I est will come back to you. 
 
 n 
 
Breeding and Care of Show Birds 
 
 Hcllii, Claude! Drop that bag by tlie roailside and come over into my 
 pigeon house for a minute. I want to ask yiiu a few questions on how to 
 enter some 1>irds for exhibition. 
 
 The young man tlius addressed 1)y his friend slowly crossed the street, 
 and arm in arm tlie chums entered a house entirely dev(3ted to pigeons 
 and their comfort. 
 
 Claude, entirely ignorant of the proper answer to the opening question, 
 suggested, and rightly too, that they write to a pigeon or poultry maga- 
 zine, who always have on hand a record of nearly every coming show, and 
 the addresses of the secretaries, who are the ones to call upon for entry 
 blanks and premium lists. Every exhibit must be entered in proper form, 
 class numiier, name of variety, Iiand nundier, whether cock or hen, also 
 selling price can be entered if specimen is to be for sale. When returning 
 entry blank to the show secretary, I'c sure to enclose the entry fee, ranging 
 from 25 cents to $1.(1(1, according to the rules of the association you are 
 doing business with. 
 
 Usually entry fees include feed, water, etc., free: but be sure water 
 and feed is provided for the Inrds en route. 
 
 Prizes are usually awarded as follows; ]'"irst prize, $1.50; second prize, 
 75 cents: third price, V. II. C. (very highly commended) : fourth prize, H. 
 C. (highly commended). There must lie four entries in each class, or the 
 first prize money is withheld: but first prize ribbon will lie awarded and 
 second prize money paid. Usually in classes of only one entry, prize 
 money is 5(1 cents to 75 cents- The trans|)ortation charges of express 
 companies are based on merchandise rate one and one-half time; but when 
 
 24 
 
Irirds are returned make sure you only pay half merchandise rate, or one- 
 third of the original payment. 
 
 To carefully prepare a hird for exhibition inv(^lves training and 
 careful care to insure perfect physi«cal condition, and, last liut not least, a 
 thorough bath. 
 
 In selecting your birds for exhiljition, choose the best you have, and 
 after selection, improve their appearance by washing and training them. 
 Remove each specimen to a training cage, giving them extra care, a good 
 rest and plenty of wholesome food with hemp; the latter improves the 
 feathers by making them glossy, .etc. Confining them in cages accustoms 
 them to confinement and seeing visitors. A cane or judging stick is 
 used to move them about gently and is passed down the neck and over the 
 back. When visiting the train.ing cages, give them a little hemp seed to 
 coax them to the front of the cage. In this way a haliit of stepping for- 
 ward in an expectant mood is formed. 
 
 Delay washing as late as possible. Use four tubs, one with a thick 
 paste of dissolved white soap in very warm water: souse the bird thor- 
 oughly until the plumage is wet to the skin, then rinse off thoroughly in 
 the other three tubs, using slightly cooler water in each tub. The last 
 tubs contain a small amount of common washing bluing to rinse off light 
 colored birds and all that are white. Place cages before a good fire and 
 with an absorbent on the floor of each, let the birds dry off. When dry, 
 wipe the legs with glycerine or olive oil to intensify their redness. Then 
 let the judge do his work. 
 
 To breed a show strain of birds by perpetuating the good qualities 
 found in a bird, it is necessary to inbreed, eliminating the new Idood, 
 which instantly changes the strain, as the new blood more often than not 
 creates a tendency to assume the characteristics of some ancestor, bring- 
 ing to the surface in an accentuated form undesira1)le qualties. 
 
 A proper system of inbreeding can be followed, which will not be 
 injurious to the vigor of the stock, by establishing a relationship that 
 may be distant. 
 
 23 
 
The ;iccnin])anying cliart will furnish a safe giiiMe to inl)ree(niig ; with- 
 out such a "uide im strain is likelv to he success fullv estai)lishe<l. 
 
 The dotted lines mean females, the unhroken lines male. Whenever 
 the two lines meet, the circle denotes the progeny of the two, and the 
 fractional figure outside the circle shows in what proportion the blood 
 of original cock or hen exists in that: viz.. three-fourths of the original 
 cock and particular descendant. Thus three contains three-fourths of the 
 Mood of the original hen, and only one-fourth of the original cock; 
 whereas four contain just the reverse; viz., three-fourths of the blood of 
 the original cock and one-fourth of the blood only of the original hen. 
 
 Now, note that in the second crossing a bird from group two is mated 
 to each of the original parents, a hen to the cock and a young cock to the 
 hen. The result of this union has three-fourths of the blood of the cock 
 
 26 
 
and one-fourth of the blood of the hen in one case, and in the other, three- 
 fourths of the blood of the hen and one-fourth of that of the cock. A hen 
 and a cock should be taken from the three-fourths blood stock and mated 
 again to the original cock and hen. The result is seven-eighths of the 
 blood of the male and only one-eighth of the blood of the female in one, 
 and in the other seven-eighths of the blood of the female and one-eighth 
 of that of the male. Now a hen is taken from the seven-eighths stock and 
 is mated with young cock from the other seven-eighths stock and the 
 result of this is one-half and one-half blood. Tn like manner a hen from 
 the three-fourths female is mated with a male from the three-fourths 
 stock, will produce progeny that possess blood of the original birds m 
 equal proportions. 
 
 By following the above rule you establish a strain in which neither of 
 the original cock blood or the original hen blood predominates. 
 
 Use great care in select'on, eyes bright, showing vitality, and above 
 all, select no liird with "'defects," or you will rue it later on. Use well 
 matured stock and you will have a strain in time that is the envy and 
 admiration of all wdio come in contact with your persistent genius. Per- 
 sonally you will derive much satisfaction from your own success. Your 
 earnings from your prize winners, together with the proceeds from sales 
 of stock exhibited for tb.e i)urpose of disposing of them, will materially 
 swell your gross income, thus further adding to your keen enjoyment. 
 
 ERNEST L. WTNSLOW, 
 
 Greenwood, Apponaug P. O-, R. I. 
 
 27 
 
IMPORTING CARNEAUX 
 
 U. V. IVERSEN 
 
 To the licginner in breeding pigeons, after getting a fair start, the 
 Fust thing liiat appeals to him is the idea of IMPORT! XG his own birds. 
 tlierel)y increasing the quahty of his loft and gaining prestige as to his 
 importance. This is very laudable, were it not for the pitfalls in the way. 
 
 For a great many years I have imported birds of different species, 
 among them Homers. Hen and Carneaux. and I have found it a most 
 trying portion of my breeder's experience. I have found it absolutely 
 necessary to have connections in Europe which were honorable, and it 
 has taken years to make such connections. Advertisements galore appear 
 in almost every pigeon publication, at prices that make the American 
 Breeder appear as a robber, BUT when all things are considered, a price 
 of $10 to $12 per pair for a pair of imported Carneaux of good quality, 
 leaves XO profit to the breeder. 
 
 Just to give you an idea of what happens. The advertisement of a 
 European dealer says "Carneaux $3.00 per pair. f. o. b. X^'ew York ; all 
 dead l)irds replaced." This sounds good. BUT here is where the first pit- 
 fall comes in. You order say 10 pairs of birds after writing an adver- 
 tiser, and he tells you he will send MATED BIRDS. The birds arrive. 
 Out of the lot most likely one or two have died. If you are in great good 
 luck, none of them have canker :most likely, however, two or more have it. 
 You put them into your loft and look for the mated pairs. You may in 
 time find that a pair has mated up, but the chances are that they are young, 
 unmated stock, and among them are from fwe to seven COCKS, which 
 naturally are useless, as cocks predominate in breeding any way. You will 
 also find that one or more of the birds are badly pecked up. The above 
 gives you an idea of what the importer cimtcnds with where he gets all 
 Carneaux as ordered. However, here is another case. The birds arrive 
 
 28 
 
as per description above, and amongst them are Hens, Crosses of Car- 
 neaux. Crosses of Mondaines and possibly other crosses. Remember you 
 ordered AND PAID for 10 pairs mated Carneaux. How many pair do 
 you think you will get out of the 10 pair ordered and HOW MUCH will 
 the pairs cost you. li you are in great good luck you will get TWO 
 PAIRS out of the lot and the balance will most likely be worthless, and 
 these two pairs cost you $30.00 and express charges. You will say. "Well, 
 the dead birds will be replaced." All rot. They will be replaced if you 
 pay for more, and no other way, and what recourse have you against this 
 advertiser IX EUROPE WHO HAS YOUR MONEY. None whatever, 
 and the result is that the breeder at large gets discouraged and we lose 
 probalily a most valual)le member of the fraternity. 
 
 The importer who has from 300 to 1000 pairs of birds shipped during 
 the year has connections which are usually fairly honest, but even he gets 
 bitten and must in consequence ask a price for his lairds that will let him 
 out whole. I have had 200 pairs of birds shipped to me in one lot, at $4.00 
 per pair, loss $800.00 in one bunch, and found when they arrived that over 
 one-half liad died, usually of canker, and the balance had been contamin- 
 ated, necessitating the killing of the whole lot to save my own lofts ; and 
 again I received shipments SUPPOSED to contain nothing but Carneaux, 
 and had from 5 to 20 pairs of Hens and Crosses included, and advised by 
 my importer that he was short and thought I could dispose of the outside 
 birds just as well, as almost all his trade now called for those birds to be 
 shipped. To be honest, "IT IS TO GET VILD." 
 
 j\Iy advice is, don't do any importing till you really have money to 
 throw away. If you have it to spare and can afford to lose it, try an 
 order ; but if you want to succeed, buy American bred birds, or buy and 
 pay $10,00 to $15.00 per pair for imported birds already here, and get 
 birds that are sound, mated and working. This sounds selfish, I admit, 
 but really it is for the benefit of those that really wish to make a success 
 and for those whom we wish to keep as breeders. I have known of 
 twenty cases where parties did their own importing, thinking they were 
 getting something for nothing as compared with American prices, and 
 after getting the birds they were so discouraged they quit altogether. 
 
 29 
 
The Carneau as a Fancy Pigeon 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM J. KINSLEY 
 
 ^0 ice-president International Carneau Club, 
 Nutley, New Jersey. 
 
 IN THE LOFT. 
 
 W'hetlier in tlic loft or at the shows, the Carneau attracts ahout as 
 inrch attenlinn as the so-called "fancy pigeons." Visitors to my lofts who 
 come to look at Pigmy Pouters, Maltese Hen Pigeons, Polish Lynx or 
 some of the other half-dozen varieties I hreed, are frequently attracted 
 by the Carneaux and at once make inquiry as to the name of the breed, 
 where they originated, etc. The deep red or the line yellow solid colors 
 are very attractive, and the graceful, vigorous carriage of the birds also 
 appeals to the pigeon fancier. I am plied with questions as to whether or 
 not the Carneaux are rapid breeders, good feeders, and adapt themselves 
 to varying climates and conditions. 
 
 The sight of these large, active, shapely, handsume colored birds, 
 strutting in dress parade upon my loft roof arc always more than at- 
 tractive to the "gallery" that frequently is found at my loft on a pleasant 
 day looking over my birds. 
 
 .'\t first 1 was in doubt as to the rapidity of the breeding of the Car- 
 neaux, hut they have now solved that question and have demonstrated 
 that they are rapid I)reeders and good feeders of strong, active, healthy 
 squal s. They know how to make good nests and protect their young. The 
 eggs are nearly always fertile and hatch w^ell. 
 
 30 
 
AT THE SHOWS. 
 
 Whoever has stnod in "Carneau AFley" at any of the lea(Hng sliows 
 must have noticed how frequently are the inquiries fmni jiigeon fanciers, 
 as well as those not acc|uainted with the various lireeds, in regard to "those 
 beautiful red birds" or "those beautiful yellow birds." While they were 
 put on the market as a squab producer (and they are these par excel- 
 lence) they have now won a front rank in the dual position of a squab 
 producer and a fancy pigeon. 
 
 They train well for the show, stand handling and shipping, look well 
 at the end of a trip, are manageable in the loft and in the show room, and 
 come back home after sexeral weeks on the circuit as fresh and bright 
 as when they started out. A trip through "Carneau .Mley" has made many 
 pigeon fanciers from casual visitors, and the Carneau is entitled to con- 
 siderable credit for this alone. 
 
 It will not lie long before the Carneau as a fancy pigeon will be ex- 
 hibited bv the hundred in all of the larger shows. 
 
 ^1 
 
Shipping Birds to Shows 
 
 BY 
 
 F. WARREN SNOW 
 
 My expe- icncc in sliippinw liirds fur show inirposes is to first receive 
 a catalogue and entry list from the secretary of the sliow they are to lie 
 sent to, and note the classes, winch will he designated l\v nnmhers. then 
 make your entry according to the classes >on wish to erter on your entry 
 sheet, stating whit \ariet\', coliir, sex, etc., and price of entry fee. Mail 
 same with \J. S. money order, registered letter, to the secretary before the 
 time expires for entry. Then according to distance your birds have to 
 tra\el deiierds when tn ship. It also dei^ends how direct from shipper 
 to place of dc-tinat'on, but if you know that shipping in the evening will 
 bring _\'our liirds to their destination the next day. In* all means ship at 
 night, after birds have been fed and watered. They will not require any 
 food or water; this way you can ship birds 500 miles or more without 
 food or water. Understand, do not ship birds when you send your entry 
 
 32 
 
sheet, but so they will arrive tlic day l^efore the show opens. After you 
 send in your entry the secretary of show will send you tntry cards. Ml! 
 out cards and fasten on each bird's compartment. You nnist have a ship- 
 ping crate designed so as to give birds good ventilation, ard each bird 
 must be separate or else the superintendent of the show would not know- 
 one bird from the other. The above picture is a crate I fmd very handy. 
 The body of the crate is made of 5>^-inch boards; it is 9 inches high, 42 
 inches long, 16 inches wide, with twelve compartments, which hold 12 
 l)irds. Each compartment is 7 inches in front and tapers back to nothing. 
 The compartments are made by boring 3/^ holes in the toj) and half-way 
 through the bottom, about an inch from the edge, and placirg dowel sticks 
 Vs inch thick through them perpendicularly ; also two sticks in two oppos'te 
 corners, and then tacking heavy unbleached muslin, about two inches 
 narrower than the inside of crate, to your post in the corner, around the 
 next opposite, then the next opposite, and so continue around ench dowel, 
 making triangular compartments about 7 by 16 inches. You see each 
 compartment on either side has a slidirg door which pulls upward: these 
 doors are made of v^-inch lumber, with the long edges beveled down to 
 about 34 inch, and they slide in runs about 34 '"ch wide, 34 i"ch or -Vs 
 inch deep, which is made of %x2 inch lumber, which can be gotten out of 
 any planing mill. The doors are 6 inches wide by 9's inches high. You 
 see the doors have holes for ventilation ; so does each end and on top ; 
 the top and side holes are 14, ox Y^; the top holes are directly opposite the 
 top hole in the door, and about an inch from the edge, through which you 
 can place a piece of card and tie each door securely, or else use wire and 
 lead seal. It is coated by using shellac, with a little Bismarck, which makes 
 it a reddish color, like mahogany or cherry. On this crate I have printed 
 "Live Birds" ; also name and town. In shipping, direct tag to superintend- 
 ent of show and secure fast. Make arrangements with your express agent 
 for birds to be returned free. You have your express agent call for 
 them or you deliver them to your express office and they will be returned 
 direct. Your expressman will furnish you with a card printed on it "to 
 be returned free," to whom it may be, which is filled out and secured to 
 crate. 
 
 In shipping birds from one party to another, almost any box from a 
 grocer, with a little sawdust, dry sand or broken straw in the bottom, 
 with the top nailed on with little space for ventilation will do. Do not 
 leave too much opening so birds can get heads out. Use same method 
 as above, , 
 
 33 
 
CARNEAUX 
 
 BY 
 
 A. THERRIEN 
 
 West Lynn, Mass. 
 
 My experience with Carneaux date as far liack as nine years ago. 
 While in Europe, traveling in Belguini, my attention was attracted by a 
 large tlock of line deep red pigeons called Carneaux. I was not at first 
 much impressed, to tell the truth. 1 had at that time other fancy pigeons 
 on the brain. Back to America a few months later, in a large consignment 
 of fancy stock, sent me by the late Dr. AI. C. h^mdeur — as true fancier 
 as there ever was — ^live pairs of extra good Carneaux I fount!. 1 believe 
 now these five pair were the first ones ever sent across the water. I have 
 as yet been unable to find anybody to dispute this point. These live pairs, 
 with other consignments, were the foundation stock of the breed in 
 America. I perfectly remember the sensation they made when first ex- 
 hibited in leading sliows. The more I see of Carneaux, the more I like 
 them. They have all good qualities of other pigeons, with no faults; they 
 are a breed that you can depend upon for breeding most of the year 
 around. They are also most beautiful. Colors are deep red and deep 
 yellow. Also they come in rose wing, red and white, yellow and white. 
 
 They have only one instinct, it seems to me, to brirg up a large 
 family: you almost notice among them a kind of rivalry, who is the pair 
 who will raise the nicer youngsters. They are very tame — mine will eat 
 out of my hand. T will say to Carneau breeders, don't enter suddenly in 
 coop; take it easy in going to coop. I always wear the same duster coat 
 and hat, so birds know me, and like my visit. T always carry in my duster 
 pocket a little hemp seed and make friends with tiiose that are timid. I lie- 
 lieve in giving Carneaux the l)est in feed. 1 expect good results, so I give 
 
 34 
 
birds the best as to quality, variety and quantity. I feed morning and night 
 an equal portion of whole corn, red wheat, kaffir corn, buckwheat. At noon 
 I feed a small quantity of mixture of peas, hempseed, millet. On each 
 Sunday I feed exclusively flaxseed. It gives birds that glossy plumage 
 that made my Carneaux famous. 
 
 I do not keep grit in coop, as most fanciers do, but I mix it with feed. 
 I have a special grit that I make. I call it "Carnit." It is made from a 
 receipt given me by an old Belgium fancier, handed to him from former 
 generations. Lately I have used Red Cross Health Grit, that I find very 
 good. Some pigeons do not like grit of any kind, and will not eat it ; but 
 been mixed with feed some of it sticks to it, so that birds eat it whether 
 they like it or not. 
 
 At present writing I have five lofts of 50 pairs each, all colors banded, 
 and they are doing wonders in line of breeding. I believe in best stock. 
 My motto : Buy best and breed better. Clean water is also very im- 
 portant ; also clean quarters. Do no unnecessary tinkering around coop; 
 leave the birds alone. Birds have a business to attend to breeding, so 
 give them a chance. 
 
 35 
 
Quality in Carneaux 
 
 BY 
 
 GEO. FEATHER 
 
 Dorcester Center, Mass. 
 
 Having been called npon proljahly more than any other judge to 
 pass judgment on this most interesting ar.d popuhir variety of the pigeon 
 family, and having also been requested by several numliers of the Club at 
 our last meeting in Philadelphia to write up a few ncjtcs for publication 
 in this, our new Clul) Rook, 1 venture to comply with their recpiests. and 
 trust that what little I have to say will prove of some little benefit to at 
 least a few who are strivirg to reach the front r;mk in this variety. 
 
 (n penning these notes 1 have taken my theme from a snmewhat crude 
 copy or proof of the Standard, sent me by one of our meml;ers just prior 
 to the opening of the New York show. He, knowing I was down to judge 
 the New York and Boston shows, thought it would at least help me to 
 familiarize some, and I am pleased to say it certainly did. ard in one 
 case, perhaps, to the disadvantage of the member himself, for it seems 
 that a misunderstanding or misconstruction of one or two proiierties had 
 gone the rounds, viz., with regard to color of beak, some members (myself 
 being one) concluding that the l)eak should be clear white throughout. 
 Then again, shape or type did not seem to be quite understood. Now, 
 with regard to shape, it is universally conceded, Isoth in poultry, pigeons, 
 dogs, etc., that shape makes or denotes the breed. 
 
 Any one who has gore the rounds of the shows this last fall and 
 winter must have noticed that two distinct types have been shown, and, 
 strange as it may seem, have in some cases come from the same lofts. 
 One known as the I'>euch type, which is rather narrow in skull, somewhat 
 
 36 
 
loi:g in neck, narrow in breast and l)ack, and long in feather. The hitter, 
 to my way of thinkir-g, denoting the Rnnt cross. The other, teinied the 
 Belgium type, best suits the Carneau, being shorter and stouter in neck, 
 broader in chest, wider in back and shorter in feather, which gives it a 
 little more of that cobby appearance so much desired. But it should be 
 understciod that the Carneau, as well as some other varieties, can be too 
 short, as well as too long in feather, so that breeders should try and 
 select their matings to produce the happy medium, the pleasing whole. 
 I am a firm believer in this, in all things. Xovv with regard to beak, the 
 standard says, medium in length, stout and close fitting, showing no ill 
 shape, color bor.e, or lighter shade or cow horn. The above to me seems 
 to be a fair description, but the two laf.er phases have given rise to a 
 misunderstanding ; some, I may say many, construing it to mean an 
 entirely white beak throughout. If we take and examine a cow's horn it 
 will be found that it varies in shades of color from a pure hard white 
 at some distance down from the tip, to a very much darker shade of color 
 as it approaches the head. 
 
 At the last meeing of the Carneau Club this matter was discussed at 
 great length, and if I am not in error it was agreed that the beak of the 
 Red Carneau would be permissible if it was white shading to a little 
 darker color as it approached the beak wattle, but the entire white beak 
 was preferable. Personally I am still of the opinion, as I always have 
 been, that the entire white beak is the one that best suits the Carneau, 
 and the one that will give the least trouble in judging. 
 
 I have noticed in the young bird classes that very few birds are shown 
 with stained beaks, this defect only appearing after the second or third 
 moult, so that specimens that retain their white beaks after their second 
 and third moult would be the ones to hold as breeders, and by careful 
 selection in this way this defect may be entirely obliterated from any 
 strain. 
 
 Regarding the legs, standard says : Small, scattering feathers on legs 
 or toes are permissible and to be construed as "clear from feathers." I 
 never Iielieved in construing anything to mean that which it does not 
 mean, and I can not bring myself to believe that it was ever intended that 
 the Carneau should be anything but a clear legged pigeon, from the knee 
 joint down and including the toes. So that under a competent judge a 
 good Carneau that was perfectly clear from short stubbs of feathers on 
 
 37 
 
the legs and toes should beat another Carneati that was just as good, 
 but unfortunately possessed of this glaring fault of growing these un- 
 sightly short stubs of feathers just where they were not wanted. 
 
 This defect will give way and can easily be bred out of any strain 
 by always selecting stock birds that are entirely free from this fault. 
 
 I might have written more regarding under color, fluff, scoring points 
 in judging, etc., but think these are fairly well understood. However, 
 what I have said are only suggestions, and the opinion of one man. But 
 if they are correct and well founded, it behooves all those interested in the 
 production of the standard bred exhibition Carneau to strive, and strive 
 hard, to breed out the defects I have mentioned, and when this has been 
 accomplished we shall have added to the great pigeon family a most beauti- 
 ful, very interesting and useful variety. 
 
 ?ti 
 
Why I Prefer Carneaux 
 
 Ten years ago July 4th next (l9lO) I received my first shipment of 
 French Carneaux. I cannot say that I was at all pleased with them. They 
 did not seem to measure up to what I thought they should be ; but after 
 they became acclimated and bred a few pairs of squabs my opinion of 
 the bird was entirely changed. During all these long years I have devoted 
 hours to the study of the nature aUd habits of these birds, so that now I 
 am fully convinced that the squab detiiands of the future will make this 
 breed of birds one of the most popular of any known breed up to the 
 present time. Experience has taught nre that they breed more and a better 
 grade of squabs at a smaller cost for feed than any of the other larger 
 Varieties. 
 
 The tendency of the market makes it imperative fof breeders to pro- 
 duce larger squabs if they keep pace with the demands of the times, and 1 
 am satisfied that in no other way can this demand for larger squabs be 
 so satisfactorily met as by breeding the birds thai produce them — the 
 French Caneau. 
 
 In the past the Homer has held a leading place among breeders, and 
 I would not say a word to the detriment of the Homer, as I bred them 
 successfully for seven years with excellent results, and until my experi- 
 ments with the Carneau t considered them superior to all others, and, 
 •while fully realizing the superiority of the Homer over the common run of 
 pigeons, I cannot be so blinded by their goodness as squab producers as to 
 render me incapable of recognizing the better article after I have proven 
 its superiority by every test possible to employ to determine the value of a 
 bird as a breeder. 
 
 These tests have been critical, and now, aftef ten years' experience 
 with the Carneau, I find they are as superior to the Homer as the Homer 
 >s to the common pigeon, and I believe that in the next few years every 
 
 39 
 
lirecder who follows the business on a large or small scale will agree with 
 me that the greatest degree of success in squah raising can be olitained 
 by breeding these birds exclusively. 
 
 My exi)erience proves conclusively that the b'rench Carneaux will 
 produce twice as many pounds of squabs in a year as any other known 
 breed, and the most conspicuous point in their favor is the fact that the 
 cost of keeping them is no greater than the more common varieties. 
 
 They are docile, not easily frightened, in fact become very tame with 
 a little careful handling; endure hardships like a soldier, are extremely 
 hardy, good feeders, take the liest of care of their young, and their 
 synnnetrical beauty by far surpas^es that of any other i)i,t;eon 1 ever 
 owned. 
 
 Their faults ;ire few, their \irtues many, expresses my long e.xperience 
 with the Carneau. 1 have no fault t(j lind vyith thtm whatever, and their 
 virtues are so many that I can never tire of singirg the praises of these 
 wonderful birds, my favorites — the Carneaux. 
 
 GEO. H. HUGHES. 
 
 40 
 
Judging 
 
 AND 
 
 BREEDING 
 
 THE 
 
 Carneau 
 
 The Carneau. like all new varieties entering the arena of the ?;ho\v 
 room, passes through the usual grilling, one judge forming his opinion 
 as to type, while another will favor something else, which for a new- 
 variety is no more than natural, and with the usual dissatisfaction of 
 exhibitors; yet much could be avoided if the standard was strictly ad- 
 hered to, and fewer complaints would be heard of. In this connection a 
 standard should not be so lax as to leave portions to the discretion of the 
 judge: the judge does not like it. and it leaves too much of an opening for 
 general complaint. I am pleased, however, to state the Carneau standard 
 has very few Such gaps, as all points have been carefully considered. 
 
 It is only reasonalile to expect that Carneaux showing poor profile of 
 head should be cut, as the standard has always been on head as follows: 
 The profile rising perceptibly from the wattle, forehead prominent, then 
 slightly flattered, showing no great angularity, s?me as the head on the 
 cut of bird in the frontispiece of this book, which shows the standard 
 head (similar to the eagle), while the one shown above in my hand has a 
 perfectly round head, which woild be favored by many judges, 1 ut it is 
 
 41 
 
not what may be favored, but what the standard calls for where the best 
 scoring should count, when the standard changes the head to more top 
 skull, or a change in other ways than the present, then such change should 
 be given preference, but not until then. From year to year changes in 
 standards are always occurring, both with pigeons and poultry, more fre- 
 quently with the latter, so we should not be surprised to find changes from 
 time to time. , 
 
 The frontispiece shows a typical Carneau ; its only weak point is 
 the pose, which the photographer must take the blame for, more than the 
 bird, as the bird's natural carriage is more erect, with tail touching the 
 ground, with a beak the color of a yearling cow's horn. While the word 
 yearling does not appear in the standard. I am of the opinion it is the 
 cow horn color desired. Mr. Miles and myself have argued this point in 
 several lengthy letters, our conclusions reached being yearling cow horn 
 color, which most of the Carneau members, I am of the opinion, will 
 agree on as the correct color. 
 
 TYPE. — This we have in all animals and plant life in the inorganic 
 bodies and manufactured goods, the latter running in series of letters, 
 such as A type, B type, and so on, with twenty-si.x continuing in a series. 
 All parts are listed which we may term its standard. To be brief, type is 
 the construction of the article or animal differing in certain parts from all 
 others, being built or bred on different lines. In a few words, the standard 
 makes the type, and when a Carneau is bred in accordance with same, as 
 a builder would build carefully after the plans and specifications of the 
 architect, we have the finished type ; but in pigeons type is not made in a 
 mechanical way, but by scientific breeding, except where faking is indulged 
 in to improve a poor specimen. 
 
 The following, in my opinion, should give sufficient definition for the 
 word, viz., general form or construction. Symmetry is a word I like, 
 carrying with it, as it were, due proportioi^s of the several parts in perfect 
 curves and lines in alignment with each other in harmony; noticeable in 
 the Carneau on the frontispiece, as is noted in every curve and straight 
 line, being devoid of any abrupt or faulty angularity. 
 
 When walking throuth the aisles of a show room, fanciers' attention 
 is frequently called to certain bird's station with the remarks, "That bird 
 
 42 
 
has a grand carriage," or "That's what I call type. 
 
 While the bird's carriage and marner in which it deports itself is de- 
 serving of more points than it usually receives, being very commendable 
 and pleasirg to look upon, yet you should never consider for a moment 
 that in carriage you have the whole type ; why you could pull the bird's 
 tail and it would show better carriage. Its head points may disqualify it, 
 or its legs, grouse and other faults. The whole bird must be considered 
 as the perfect typical bird (few existing) is the one possessing all the 
 points of the standard. 
 
 I have heard it said typical show Carneaux are easy to raise, but the 
 mention of same by fanciers that never raised them. "All you have to 
 do is raise big solid red birds." (?) We welcome all to try their hand 
 and see if solid colors of deep red and golden buff in standard birds are 
 so easy. During the past show season I attended nearly every leading 
 show, and did not notice among the hundreds of Carneaux on parade from 
 all the best lofts, one perfect specimen. Where the body was all that could 
 be expected, color or head points were" at fault. 
 
 HOW TO BREED FOR TYPE.— First, Buy Best, then Breed Better. 
 You must first buy best, but your greatest pride will be in what you breed 
 best. Don't buy squab-raising stock with a view to raise near-standard 
 specimens, any more than you should buy squab-raising Homers and expect 
 to raise show Homers. Buy a few pairs of the best types your means will 
 allow, then study and breed. 
 
 BANDS. — The size of the Carneau band is ideal for Carneaux, as it 
 is not necessary to place them on until the squeakers are 8 to 10 days 
 old. At this age, where large numbers are being raised, the color can be 
 noticed on the rump and tail having sufficient growth of feathers ; if 
 slate or white it would be useless to band, but market as squabs when 
 they become about four weeks old, as the color of their skin is far superior 
 to any other squab. 
 
 I always band the largest of a pair on the left leg, as it usually proves 
 the cock. I have the right leg free for the use of the color mating dis- 
 tinguishing band. 
 
 These open colored bands judges would prefer you to remove before 
 
 43 
 
showing. IhU ft is licit necess'iry to do so, as it causes considerable troiihle 
 to replace. What is positi\ely olijected to is distinguishing I)nnds with 
 initials, whch you should I'e careful t(^ remove, as all careful judges will 
 pass such liirds. 
 
 In hreedirg, you will he fortunate indeed to get one grand type out of 
 each good breeding jiair in a season, with good, solid red or yellow rump 
 and tail. 
 
 After you do get some of the desired color, or if fortunate in getting 
 many good deep chestnut and gulden buffs, save the largest, and by watch- 
 ing the heads you will gain experience in selectii^g the best shape, giving 
 allowance for filling out with age. After the youngsters show signs of 
 mating, they have gone through the mnulting of their nest, or baby 
 feathers. Here you will lie surprised to notice how your selection of solid 
 colors changed to splashes, white tlights, poor colored rumps, rose wings 
 and mottles: then after another moult or two. more off color and beaks 
 changing color. 
 
 Well, you have them now for the matings. The mating of Carneaux 
 for standard results is no easy task. Experience with other varieties may 
 help some, but your greatest help will he derived from KNOWING YOUR 
 BIRDS. To know them your coops should have apartment nests, a nest 
 card and each pair color l>anded with the same color as on the nest card, 
 and each of the double nest apartments to contain a pair of birds; never 
 have an empty apartment nr a perch bracket on the wall for a roosting 
 place, or any place except their own, and every pair fif birds will keep their 
 place. ( I will cheerfully give any member inf()rmation how to build 
 the CORRECT double nests that will prevent the mates from changing 
 nests.) 
 
 Eor brevity, we will say you know your birds, that is to a certain 
 extent. ]'\:>r instance, jxiir banded green and white are good colored birds, 
 but continually throw splashes. Get rid of them or use for squab breed- 
 ing. Pink and Idack are throwing deep red liirds, but legs show stubs; 
 hold them, but change mates, ruid try and breed out the stubs, as some of 
 the best colored breeding l)irds for show purjtoses have that fault. Among 
 your fiock you may ha\'e some sjilashes throwing solid reds or yellows; 
 such birds you should hold. A visitor to your lofts would not give you 
 
 44 
 
half as much for that mated pair as he wouhl a near-snhd red or yellow. 
 It would be business on your part to sell the solid colored youngsters and 
 hold the breeders of them after saving all you desire, and you have learnt 
 a part of the lesson of knowing your birds, wherein lies the greatest 
 secret of raising show and squab birds. It is more valuable to you than 
 all the scier.ce a fancier may tell you about birds. Now for the mating of 
 your various types of Carneaux, for as you look at them you notice every 
 kind imaginal le, but among them is possible a very large Cobby Cock, 
 and if free from Runt or Mondaine characteristics, if it has lauits such 
 as poor eye-cere, and forehead a little flat, you should look over yonr hens 
 and select one that has the most promirent forehead and small eye-cere 
 and mate. 
 
 I have a pair mated in just that way that are giving me "yellow 
 peaches." You may also reverse the matirgs. Again, you may have a 
 cock that is ideal except color, which should lie mated to the l;est colored 
 hen. If you have birds wi'h white rumps and others with blue, don't 
 mate the white with white, brt white with blue, and if they do not produce 
 desirable colors, keep for jcjuab breeding. 
 
 GOLDEN BUP^FS. — To get same, mate yellow hens to red cocks, 
 I)ut don't expect crackerjacks at the start. 
 
 The two hardest classes are the Rose Wing and Mottles, as they will 
 breed more splashes than anything else. Very frequently Rose Wings 
 and Mottles come from solid colored birds, yet by being persistent and 
 mating best to best in class, by knowing what your birds are capable of 
 doirg, and at times you will find it necessary to mate back son to mother, 
 by following out line breeding and by careful recording and planning, your 
 object in view brings results and crowns your efforts with success. 
 
 The highest priced birds are the Mottles. In Pigmy Pouters I can breed 
 the V mottle with but little trouble through the strain, I have but to breed a 
 great many with Carneaux. I confess I cannot. Instead of getting the 
 handkerchief mottle I get a "whole sheet," and when a good one is pro- 
 duced it's a question whether it was through careful breeding or chance. 
 
 To be highly successful in lireeding show specimens and then selecting 
 them you should be a good observer and carry in mind cor.tinually the 
 Carneau standard. 
 
 The above is not written with a view to discourage the amateur, as 
 in part it's true of most any variety taken up. What has been written in 
 the main is well known by old fanciers, while some Carneau points may 
 be new. The whole I give the amateur to digest. 
 
 45 
 
The Price of Pigeons 
 
 BY 
 
 FRANK M. GILBERT 
 
 In askirg me for an article nn the al ove theme, T do not think the 
 publisher of this work reailzed the enormity of the task. 
 
 One can easily give the market price of corn, wheat, poultry or eggs, 
 or of eating sqnalis, Al and ready dressed, lint when one thinks of the 
 great variety of fancy pigeons extant, and the great difference in the 
 general quality of the individual specimens of each variety, it is indeed 
 hard to say what pigeons are "worth." 
 
 A common rule is that the price is governed by the quality of the bird 
 and the "gameness" of the buyer. If he is a true fancier and sees a 
 bird that he believes will be a help to his loft, he will have it, if he has to 
 stint himself on other things. Many years ago I said in one of my articles, 
 "I would rather give $500 for ten high-class birds than $5 for one hundred 
 poor ones." As a matter of fact, a "poor" farcy pigeon is worth exactly 
 what it is worth to eat : not one cent more. 
 
 In all my writings I naturally drift into white fantails, for I have 
 bred these birds and studied them day after day, and night after night, 
 for about fifty-six years. 
 
 In fantails the general make-up of a bird governs the price. In all 
 these years of selling I have gotten from $5.00 a pair up to $50, $75, and 
 even $100 each for the best specimens I could turn out. 
 
 But these latter sales are not made every day, by a great deal. I have 
 been trying for .-several years to import a few better birds than I have in 
 my own loft, and T am willing to pay a good rourd price for them, but I 
 can't find them. 
 
 46 
 
Of all the varieties the three most popular ones are Pouters ( English 
 type), Pigmy Pouters and Fantails. A fine pair of Pouters, long in limb, 
 well set, slender in girth, and with good globes are easily worth $50. In 
 fact, I could cite at least four fanciers who would pay $250 per pair for 
 birds that far excelled their own — but they can't get them. 
 
 It is the same with Pigmies. They are worth from $10 to $50 per pair, 
 and even $50 each for choice specimens and I know several game fanciers 
 who would jump at the chance to pay $100 each for very diminutive speci- 
 mens good in all points. 
 
 One reason that prices fluctuate is because so many good fanciers 
 keep changing their "hobbies." I can remember when D. H. Jenkins would 
 look at nothing but a Magpie. Now he is a Pigmy man. Dr. Gil)Son was 
 also a magpie entlmsiast. 
 
 When such fanciers change they sell out, usually for what they can 
 get. But there are a lot of old timers who can be found just where they 
 were years ago. Take Hoskins and Crawford. They have always stuck 
 to Jacobins, while the Rowlands, whom I bought out some thirty years 
 ago; Rutter, who once lired the "Fearless" fans, and Fred Weiss, whom 
 I started in the fancy when he was a boy, have always stuck to P'antails. 
 
 I can go back to the time when there were just three Fantail lofts in 
 all America, long before we ever dreamed of Havemeyer, Johnson, Sham, 
 Hook and other shining lights, who are now breeding crack birds. 
 
 I see lots of grandiloquent advertising by men who have the "only 
 winning strains." These "strains" are simply made up from the old stand- 
 ard lofts. I know of one man who on the advent of his second year in 
 the fancy, boldly advertised his "strain." 
 
 So, the good name of the breeder has a great deal to do wilh the 
 ••price." Who would rot rather pay George Ewald $20 for a pair of his 
 good Owls, than pay Jos. Q. Higgins, Rural Route No. 4, $2 for a pair 
 of bis "prize winning Owls, winners wherever shown." 
 
 I see men advertising "Gilbert's straight Fantails" for $2 per pair, 
 and, looking over my books, find that I never sold them a bird in my life, 
 not even a cull. 
 
 \\ hen a man offers you "winners wherever shown" for a song, write 
 him that you are from Missouri and must see where they won. 
 
 47 
 
Often a very mediocre loft will produce three or four good birds — ■ 
 ]'■}■ sutue accident. Tlie owner will go on showing these same liirds for 
 several seasons, and, on the -trength of tiieir wins, will get good prices 
 for scriihs. I got carght in just that way orce. 1 decided the birds must 
 be good, and ordered seme. When they came I barely gave them time 
 for a good bath and feed, and sent them back. I could not even afford to 
 let them l;e seen in my loft. 
 
 I see I am getting away off again. As this is a Carneau book, let us 
 see wdiat they are worth? A fair estimate is $3 to $8 per pair for market- 
 ing squab breeders, while the show specimens sell from !f5 to $25 apiece, 
 some fanciers refusing more than that in the reds for tlie dark, velvety 
 chestnut shade, and the Golden Buffs an adxance in price over the reds. 
 Frank Lee Miles would not sell "Yellow Chief" for $50. 
 
 It should be remembered that only a few years ago the above named 
 variety was almost imknown, and our best and largest shows made no 
 classes for them. I can remember when they first liegan to "sit up and 
 take notice/' and tb.en they all went in the A. O. V. class. 
 
 That they have gained such rapid strides is due to their great prolific 
 qualities. And now tlie Homer, the squab-breeding Homer, the bird most 
 talked about in this country today. When first they began to b'e popular, 
 it was simpl_\- on account of their racing qualities. But as game began to 
 grow scarce, and the demands for eating squabs grew apace, a craze 
 equal to the l^elgian Hare craze went over the country, till now one finds 
 Homer plants in all sorts of little villages. At first they went $5 per pair, 
 and even more, and many were im|)orted from Belgium and other points, 
 but the price sonn droi)ped, till now one can Iniy good birds, and by this 
 I mean "good" birds, at $2 iier pair. 
 
 How quickly the fakirs and thieves, that are a curse ti5 the fancy, 
 got in their trickery. Some woidd buy any conunon street pigeon, just so 
 it was blue, dun or silver, or even an approach to those colors, and adver- 
 tise them as imported Homers. 
 
 When one can bu>- a stolen or trapjied blue pigeon from a boy for 
 ten cents, and then after hunting up another to match it, sell the pair for 
 $5, he is making some money — and then some. And these fellows cared 
 
nothing for the sexes. An order for five pair, $25, would often l)e filled 
 with eight cocks and two hens. 
 
 Fortimately these fellows soon get foimd out. are kicked out of the 
 pigeon press and the fancy, and drift liack to their old vocations of steal- 
 irg chickens and rol)l:iiig clothes-lir.es. 
 
 In conclusion, there is money, and good money, in breeding any 
 variety; but a man who aspires to h;'ndle high-class birds must not breed 
 Pouters one year and Trrbits the next, or he will never make a record. 
 
 .Sticking to one variety is what counts. And the buyer can almost tell 
 at first glance, when his birds arrive, whether or not they are all right. 
 If their plumage is clean, their feet clean and they come in a nice clean 
 box, with feed and water all in place, those l)irds are bred by a godd man. 
 
 But put this down ar.d remember it: If your i)irds come in a dirty old 
 box, no sawdust, and an old empty tin cup rolling around the bottom, 
 while the flights are all nasty and the feet a mass of dung, you can bet the 
 birds are not much force. A decent fancier who knows anything about his 
 own stock would never send out such a shipment, Init a lazj-, trifling, 
 alleged fancier, wdio hardly knows one of his birds from another, keeps 
 no pedigree, never separates the sexes, and is simply content to throw 
 down feed once a day and fill an old pan with water — if not too lazy — is 
 just the kind who sends out liirds as last mentioned. The "prices" of his 
 "birds" are alwavs too much. 
 
 A^ 
 
Anatomy of the Pigeon 
 
 BY 
 
 J. W. WILLIAMSON 
 
 Ffrnv true is the saying: "Wo are fearfrlly ard w(3ndcrfully niade/' 
 and as we s'.udy tlie frame of man witli its worderfi 1 m-ganism held intact 
 and the \V('ii(Jerfvl mechanism of each organ, one deper.ding npon the 
 other and each frhilling their several functions with the heart pumping 
 away day and night from liivth till death, it is no wonder we look with 
 amazement at our own construction, but can we not i'md something inter- 
 esting in tlie construction of the squab nr pigeon. I Iielieve we can, which 
 will be fourid interesting in the three following i)lates, the squab, male 
 bird and female, which I believe of value to the fancier and squab raiser. 
 
 It is surprising to note how fully developed are the organs of a squab, 
 for wdien only four weeks old the respiratory organs, the heart, liver, 
 gizzarrl and ir.testines appear as fully developed as a bird one or fifteen 
 years old, ;ind the carcass in many cases the same size as its parents. 
 Init with fowds it takes a squab broiler chick a year to get the growth 
 of its parents. 
 
 Plate I is a photograph of a squab 4 weeks old. Figure 1 shows the 
 heart on the right side, just the reverse of the human being, although it 
 is found in the center and left side as well ; 2 the liver, 3 the gizzard, and 
 4 the intestines. 
 
 50 
 
By permission of the J. W. Williamson Co. From "Practical Squab 
 Raising, from Egg to Market." 
 
 51 
 
-41- V*" 
 
 ^ 
 
 /o 
 
 l>y permission of the J. W. Williamson Co. From "Pfaclical Squsf' 
 Raising, from Egg to Market." 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 MALE PIGEON. 
 
 1 — Aesophagus. 
 
 2 — Trachea. 
 
 3 — Bronchial Tnbe. 
 
 4 — Lnng. 
 
 5 — Testicle. 
 
 6 — Kidney. 
 
 7— Ureter. 
 
 8 — \'as Deferens. 
 
 9— Rectum. 
 10— Vent Bon^s. 
 11— Anns. 
 
 52 
 
M *W- 
 
 ~— 'fe^ ' 
 
 6~ 
 
 
 By permission of the J. W. Williamson Co. From "Practical Squab 
 Raising, from Egg to Market." 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 FEMALE PIGEON. 
 
 2. Two small eggs within the ovary about the same size. 
 \. Two a tritle larger than the above. 
 
 3. Two that are about ready to enter the oviaduct. 
 
 4. Oviaduct. 
 
 53 
 
5. Egg about ready to be released. 
 
 6. Extended vert liones, showing the great distance between thefll 
 compared to the male bird. 
 
 In dissecting a female pigeon, the first thing that excites a person's 
 curiosity is the difference between a female pigeon and female fowl. As 
 will be noticed in the ovary commonly called the egg bag. As there is 
 not a large quantity of eggs as there is in a fowl. In a fowl they 
 .gradually increase in size due to laying every day or skipping a day now 
 and then. But with the pigeon they are noticed in pairs as the pigeon lays 
 two close together, and then does not lay again until the embyro is grown 
 into a squab, 2, 3 or 4 weeks old. 
 
 I trust the remarks and illustrations given here to the public for the 
 first time will 1 e of interest and some practical use. 
 
 HOW TO TELL THE SEX 
 
 The best way to determine the sex of pigeons is to watch their 
 actions, and one of the surest signs we have noted by close oliservation is, 
 that the cock bird when flirting will occasionally turn all the wav around, 
 but have never noticed a hen to turn more than half way. The cock is 
 Usually larger than the hen, and its head is more round, its neck thicker 
 and coarse, while the crown of the head of the hen is as a rule, slightly 
 concaved. But the shape of the head cannot always be relied upon. 
 
 The eyes of the cock are bold and defiant, while the hen has a more 
 mild expression. The bones at the vent of the cock are closer than the 
 hen, the older the hen the wider the vent bones are apart, due to laying. 
 
 The latter rule is used by most breeders and dealers, but is not 
 always a sure sign, as we have had cocks where the vent bones are wider 
 than the hens. Again this rule cannot he relied updii with young birds, 
 as it is only the laying of eggs that distends the vent. Another rule is 
 to feel the end of the breast-bone, which will be found to extend further 
 back in the cock than the ben. A rule I used when a boy was to hold 
 the bird by the feet in the right hand and liill in the left, and stretch it. 
 If a cock, the tail would drop or lay even with the body; if a hen, the 
 tail would be thrown above the level of the body. 
 
 54 
 
I very often follow this old rule, Init as we have become more familiar 
 \vith the birds and their actions, we do not always test in that manner, 
 but guide ourselves more by their actions and the expression of the eyes, 
 and very seldom go any further. 
 
 When I do get a doul;tful bird and have tested it according to above 
 rules, I place it in a mating coop with a good vigorous cock bird and am 
 soon satisfied as to its sex. 
 
 To tell the sex of a dead pigeon when it is the object to re-mate, 
 dissect by cutting down the back, which will positively reveal the sex 
 the same as is noticed when dressing poultry for the tal)le. Or as noticed 
 in plates II and III. 
 
 SI 
 
American Pigeon Club Rules 
 
 1. These rules shall be printed in the premium list of all shows held 
 under the rules of the A. P. C. 
 
 2. Permission to hold shows under the rules of the A. P. C. must be 
 made in writirg at least thirty days before the premium list of the show 
 applying goes to press. 
 
 3. Application of a show for permission to hold its show under A. 
 P. C. rules is considered as a guarantee that the show rules will be faith- 
 fully observed. 
 
 4. Shows will be divided into three classes, as follows : First, those 
 having less than 500 entries to be one point shows; second, those having 
 more than 500 entries ard less than 1,000 to be two point shows, and, 
 third, those having more than 1,(110 entries to be three point shows. 
 
 5. The show obtaining the annual meeting of the club shall have an 
 added point for the honor. 
 
 6. At shows held under A. P. C rules a certificate shall be given to 
 each exhibiting member for each first prize winner shown by him. This 
 certificate shall be withheld if there is only one entry in the class. 
 
 7. Birds wearing bands other than those approved by the Board of 
 Directors shall be passed by the judges. Approved bands are the Ameri- 
 can Conference bands, the English Conference bands and the bands of 
 the National Flying Association. The latter shall be eligible for use on 
 fiyirg homers only. Birds wearing bands which are of the wrong size 
 shall be passed by the judges as if they were unauthorized bands. 
 
 8. Rule seven shall apply only to birds bred after 1907. Birds bred 
 prior to this date may wear any band so long as it does not bear dis- 
 tinguishing marks, as initials. 
 
 9. Every pigeon exhilnted at this show must be the bona fide property 
 of the exhiliitor at the date when entered. 
 
 56 
 
10. An exhibitor or his agent may, prior or suhsequent to judging, 
 pen or unpen such exhibitor's birds in the presence of and with the con- 
 sent of an officer of the show, but not otherwise. 
 
 11. No bird shall, without the written consent of the secretary of the 
 show, be removed before its close. Such unauthorized removal shall dis- 
 qualify the exhibitor in respect to all his entries. 
 
 12. The committee of the show may reject any entries. 
 
 13. Judges officiating at this show shall not alter any decision after 
 they have delivered same to the show authorities, except to remedy errors 
 in expression. 
 
 14. Judges shall disqualify each exhibit found to have been dealt with 
 fraudulently, and if the owner thereof gives notice of appeal, within three 
 days of the close of the show, the exhibit must be forwarded to the Sec- 
 retary of the A. P. C, who shall bring the matter before the Board of 
 Directors for their action. 
 
 15. Any person may lodge a protest against any liird that has been in 
 his opinion fraudulently dealt with or is exhibited in a class for which 
 it is not qualified, on payment of a deposit of five dollars. The deposit to 
 be forfeited if the show committee consider the protest frivolous, but that 
 it be returned if the protest is sustained. The protest must be lodged 
 before the close of the show. 
 
 16. When an exhibit is disqualified under Rule 14. or a protest is 
 sustained under Rule 15, the Secretary of the show shall forward to the 
 Secretary of the A. P. C, and the exhil^itor and protestor a written 
 statement of the case and the report of the judge. 
 
 All other prizes won at the show by any other exhibit of the same 
 exhibitor shall be withheld pending final decision ; the show Secretary 
 shall include a list of such wins in his statement. The A. P. C. Board of 
 Directors shall determine whether any and which prizes in respect of the 
 other exhibitors shall be forfeited, and shall determine as to whether the 
 exhibitor shall be debarred from exhibiting at A. P. C. shows and the 
 length of the sentence. 
 
 17. Where a protest is decided by the Show Committee, either party 
 may, before the expiration of three days after notification of such decision 
 is received by him, appeal to the Board of Directors of the A. P. C. by 
 lodging with its Secretary and with the Secretary of the show written 
 
 57 
 
notice of appeal. 
 
 18. All exhibit against which a protest has been laid shall be retained 
 by the Committee of the show for seven days from its decision, and then 
 shall lie forwarded to the Secretary of the A. P. C. in all cases where the 
 Secretary of the show has received notice of appeal under Rule 17; pro- 
 vided that an exhiliit fraudulently dealt with shall be forwarded to the 
 Secretary of tlie A. P. C. immediately after the close of the show. Appeal 
 or no appeal. 
 
 19. Representative or representatives of the A. P. C. shall be ap- 
 pointed to act in the interests of fanciers accordirg to its rules, and shall 
 wear distinctive badges, lent liy this cluli. Their names and addresses 
 shall be printed in the catalogue. 
 
 2(1. Judges at .A. P. C. shows shall be selected from the membership 
 of the club. The P.oard of Directors may in certain cases waive the 
 enforcement of tin's rule. 
 
 21. Judges at A. P. C. shows shall record, on specially prepared 
 blanks, the variety, color, sex, kird of band, number thereon, the year, the 
 number of birds in the class, and the name of the owner of each class 
 bird in each and every class. The blanks for this purpose shall be fur- 
 nished to the Secretary of the show by the Secretary of the A. P. C, and 
 it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the show to see that these blanks 
 are filled out and signed ])y the jm'ges and returned to the Secretary of 
 the A. P. C. 
 
 22. Judges who do rot comply strictly with the rules of the A. P. C. 
 in judging birds, awarding prizes, and lilling out blanks shall lie subject to 
 a fine levied by the Board of Directm-s. They shall be debarred from 
 judging birds at shows held under A. P. C. rules until such line has been 
 paid. 
 
 23. The Secretary of the A. P. C. shall furnish each exhibiting mem- 
 lier with a certificate for each first ])ri/.e bird shown by him at A. P. C. shows 
 where the judge reports the same for record. The certificates shall give 
 all the data furnished by the judge, and shall include the point value of 
 the show as laid down in Sections 4 and 5. Birds whose total point 
 winnings amount to ten shall be granted a certificate showing this fact, 
 and shall be known as Champior.s. The first certificates shall be free of 
 charge to all members, but the latter shall be only sent out upon receipt 
 
 58 
 
of fifty cents to pay for the cost of production. 
 
 24. A diploma shall be offered as a prize to the best bird of any 
 variety wearing club bands, at sanctioned A. P. C. shows. 
 
 25. The above rules shall be binding- on all exhibitors at shows held 
 under A. P. C. rules. The presence of the exhibits shall be considered as 
 binding on the exhibitor as if he had signed a statement binding himself 
 to be governed by them. 
 
 RICHARD WHITNEY, Secretary, 
 40 Wales Street, Dorchester Center, IMass. 
 
 59 
 
TIk' (.'ariK-au is not onl}- a L^raiul specimen of a >li(i\v Mrd. hut is 
 one of the I)est utiHty i)iyeons raisin_n- eatalile st|iiahs. h"olh)\ving art? 
 a few recipes how to c(Mik the toothsome Carneaii Stpiah. 
 
 Pigeoneau a la potter 
 Potter Squab 
 
 P.y MRS. J. W. WlLLTAMSOt^. 
 
 The al)o\e cut sliows the leadiii.-;- tahle decoration that adorned 
 the tahle of tlie famous contest for a gold mechd at which the gas- 
 tronomical dnel was fonglit to a fniish at Los Angeles, hetween Herr 
 Joseph Reichl. Maitre d' Hotel, of the Van Xnys and Edward Nand, 
 the most celehrated chef of the culinary art on the Pacific Coast, 
 was watched with interest hoth Kast and West. When the jury 
 awarded Herr Reichl the medal, he said: "1 hojie the recent contest 
 will stimulate Americans to study the art of good eating: aii art 
 which, when at its best, maintains health and heauty." 
 
 60 
 
CARNEAU 
 
 SQUAB RECEIPES 
 
 Used by the Leading Chefs at the Most Fashionable Hotels and Clubs. 
 
 Squal:)s are cooked by the same general rules for cooking poul- 
 try and wild game birds; Init the cooking must n.jt be carried so 
 far, as scjuabs are very tender and their fine, mild game flavor should 
 not be destroyed l)y over-cooking. The fine game flavor of squabs is 
 best when four week old. They are then at the right age, plump 
 and well filled out. 
 
 When properly prepared they are fit to set before a king. 
 
 Four and twenty Carneau squabs 
 
 Baked in a pie. 
 When the pie was opened, 
 
 The squabs began to sing, 
 "Isn't this a dainty dish 
 
 To set before the King." — V. B. W. 
 
 61 
 
JPried Squab on Toast. — After cleaning, split down the hacks, 
 place in a frying pan with a little water added, pepper and salt; then 
 cover. After steaming a few minutes, put some hutter in pan, and 
 fry until a nice hrown., keeping a little broth in pan, when ready to 
 take up, toast some bread nice and crisp and lay half a squab on each 
 slice and pour the broth over and serve hot; sprinkle with a little 
 celery salt. 
 
 11. 
 
 Roast Squab on toast. — Withdraw entrails and wipe with a damp 
 cloth, do not wash. Cut off heads and feet and sprinkle with pepper 
 and salt. Fasten thin slices of salt pork over the breasts, place in roast- 
 ing pan with a little water. Baste every S minutes. About IH minutes 
 before taking up, lay a slice of toast under each squab and serve on 
 this. Fry coarse break crumbs to a nice brown in butter and pour 
 over each squab; send bread-sauce to table with them. Roil the liver 
 and pound into paste with butter; salt and pepper and use this to 
 spread on the toast on which the squabs are to be served. 
 
 62 
 
in. 
 
 Boiled Squab on Toast. — Clean sc|iiabs and place in kettle of 
 boiling water, deep enough to cover. After boiling one hour sprinkle 
 with white pepper and salt. When near done add a small quantity of 
 rice and milk that has Iteen boiled soft, and keep all under water 
 with an inverted dish. Have slices of bread a day old toasted and 
 place half a squal) on each piece. Pour on the broth and sprinkle 
 over a little mint sauce. Garnish with parsley and a few leaaves of 
 bleached celery; serve hot. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Boiled Squab on Toast. — The birds should be full-grown, at about 
 four weeks old. and not yet out of the nest. Draw the entrails and 
 split down the backs. Crack the large bones, flatten with a heavy 
 cleaver; season with salt and pepper and boil slowly. Serve on dry 
 toast with hot maitre d' hotel butter poured over; garnish with water- 
 cress. 
 
 V. 
 
 Boiled Squab. — Take one-half dozen squalxs and prepare same as 
 recipe No. 3, and chop up small pieces of parsley, mix with crumbs of 
 bread, pepper, salt and a piece of butter; stufiF and then boil 20 to 30 
 minutes in mutton broth. Then add the following, which should be 
 prepared while the squabs are cooking: 
 
 Boil some rice soft in milk; when it begins to thicken beat the 
 yolks of two or three eggs with two or three spoonfuls of cream; 
 add a little nutmeg and mix well with a small piece of I)utter rul)bed 
 in flour. 
 
 63 
 
VI. 
 
 Boiled Pigeons. — Pigeons are rather tough and can be boiled 
 
 same as s(iiialis in recipe No. 4. but to cook pigeons the cooking must 
 be prolonged again as long as squabs. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Broiled Squabs. — Clean and split down the backs and pepper and 
 salt them, llmil until a nice brown; make a dressing of melted butter 
 and -tewed mushrooms and serve hot. Garnish with water-cress. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Broiled Pigeons. — Split down the backs and spread (ipen as flat 
 as posnlde, and crush down the brca^t-bone. To broil tliem it is 
 necessary to lir-t >team them well. Then sprinkle with salt and 
 pepper and rub well with ln;tter before laying on the broiler. Cook 
 the inside next the lire hrst. then turn and cook the skin side until 
 a handsome brown; after each side is brown turn often until well 
 done. Covering the broiler with a pan keeps in both heat and steam, 
 and finishes the work in less time. Butter well and serve on a hot 
 platter, garnished with celery. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Steamed Squab. — Take half dozen squabs, wipe very dry after 
 cleaning, rul) salt, pepper and lemon juice, fill with oysters well 
 seasoned with salt, pepper and butter. Lay them in a dish and set 
 them in a steamer to cook two or three hours. In the meantime cook 
 a pint of chopped celery till it will rub through a seive. Make a pint 
 of white sauce with the liquor of oysters; add the celery and pour it 
 over the squabs on the platter. Garnish with parsley and serve with 
 baked sweet potatoes and boiled rice. 
 
 64 
 
X. 
 
 Roast Squab. — Clean half a dozen sc|ual)s; slice an onion and 
 place over the fire in a pint of milk. Rnb the sqnabs all over with 
 bntter; season with pepper and salt, and roast before a vcrj' hot fire 
 for about fifteen minutes, liasting three or four times with bntter. 
 Have some slices of toast laid under them to catch the drippings. 
 
 While the birds are roasting, make a bread sauce as follows: 
 Roll a pint bowl full of rye liread and sift the crumbs, use the first 
 ones for sauce, and the largest for the frying later: remove the onion 
 from the milk and stir into the milk the finest portion of crumbs: 
 season with salt and white pepper and grate one nutmeg and stir in 
 a tablespoonful of butter and keep stirring the sauce until smooth. 
 Then place the sauce pan containing it in a pan of boiling water to 
 keep it hot. Put two tablespoonfuls of butter over the fire in a 
 frying pan, and when hot put it into the coarse half of the crumbs. 
 Dust then with cayenne pepper and stir until they are a light brown. 
 Then at once put them on a hot dish, put the bread sauce into a 
 gravey boat and serve. Arrange to have the fried bread crumbs, 
 sauce and scjuabs done at the same time. Serve the squabs on toast 
 which has been laid under them. Lay each on a hot plate, pour over 
 them a large spoonful of the bread sauce and on that place a spoonful 
 of the fried bread crumbs. 
 
 65 
 
XL 
 
 Roast Squabs With Oyster Dressing. — Remove heads and feet 
 fr<iin a dozen stjuahs and after cleaning dry with a clotli. then make 
 the dressing of stale l)read seasoned with pepper and salt and a 
 l)iece of hr.tter. Take a idnt of oysters and place in the dressing, 
 tie llie necks of th.e s(|nahs and strfT tl^em: then place in a roasting 
 ]>an. with water. laying the s<|ral)^ in rows, hreast np. 
 
 Bake until a nice hrown. ha-ting (|nite freipiently. }ilake a gravy 
 from the li(inor hy adding a little water, then thicken with a little 
 milk ami Hour. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Roast Squabs Stuffed With Chestnuts. — Roast same as in recipe 
 No. 11. Prepare stnhlng as follows: Remove the sinews from one 
 pound of lean veal, and the strings from the same weight of leaf lard; 
 chop separately until well hlended; moisten with one-half pint of 
 broth, add one teaspoon of salt, one saltspoon of pepper, one pint of 
 chestnuts blanched and boiled; fill the s(|uabs; one cup of the cooked 
 chestnuts may be reserved, mashed, sifted and used to thicken the 
 gravy. This should be lightly browned, not to cover the chestnut 
 flavor. 
 
 66 
 
XIII. 
 
 Squabs a la Cendre. — Dress as many squabs as tbere are to be 
 covers. Dry them and put the livers inside again with a little salt 
 and butter. Wrap each in a thin bairde of salt pork, tivcking a leaf 
 of sage under each wing. Wrap again in well-buttered white paper 
 and roast half an hour in hot wood ashes, as you would potatoes 
 with the jackets on. Remove the paper and serve with maitre d' 
 hotel sauce. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Stewed Squabs. — Clean and stuff with onion dressing and a little 
 parsley. Put a slice of salt pork in a kettle and let fry until it begins 
 to brown, then lay the squabs in with pork and add enough hot water 
 to cover them. Cover tightly and boil about an hour, then take up 
 and add more water, pepper and salt; thicken gravy, dash a little mint 
 sauce over them and garnish with parsley; serve hot. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Stewed Pigeons. — Stew about again as long as stewed squabs. 
 
 67 
 
xvt 
 
 Squab Potpie. — S] lit tlit- s<|ral)s down the liack ami ttattcn with 
 a cleaver. 
 
 Boil half a dozen >c|uahs until tender: drain off the li(iuor from 
 a pint of oysters. line the sides and hotti-~>m of a lar,<?e round pan with 
 crust, put in a layer of oysters and siiuahs until pan is full. Season 
 with pepper and salt, hits of butter and salt jxirk. and the oyster 
 liquor; add some of the squah broth. Cover with crust and bake V2 
 to Y\ of an hour. Serve with sliced lemon. 
 
 10—4606— POULTRY SHOW 'V. T./;., ".;, ;. ;.•..■.::;. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Pigeon Pie. — Can lie made same as squai) pie. Init cooking must 
 be longer, 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Pigeon Pie. — Stuff the pigeons with dressing, same as is used 
 for chickens; loosen the joints with a knife and stew. When tender 
 take up and season with pepper, salt and butter, and thicken the 
 gravy with flour. Butter sides and bottom of a large glazed nappie, 
 and line with rich crust. Place in a layer of pigeons and slices of 
 thin salt pork until full, and cover with a crust and bake. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Giblets. — Clean the giblets, cook and chop line, use them in grav}^ 
 or in the filling of roast, or mix with bread crumbs well-seasoned and 
 moistened. Brown in butter. 
 
 68 
 
XX. 
 
 Mint Sauce. — If unable to buy the prepared sauce, make the 
 following: Three tablespoonfuls of wWte vinegar, two of mint, one of 
 siigar, and one of salt; mix at least 10 minutes before using. 
 
 XXI, 
 
 Maitre d' Hotel Sauce. — Add to one teacup of fresh made drawn 
 butter, the juice of one lemon, chopped^ parsley, minced onions and 
 thyme, cayenne pepper.and salt. Beat w^hile simmering. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Stewed Mushrooms. — Always test mushrooms; if good the silver 
 spoon with which they are stirred will not tarnish. Put them in a 
 sauce pan with salt, and a very little water, let cook half an hour 
 and then add to one quart of mushrooms one tablespoonful of butter 
 and one of flonr, with oncrhalf pint of cream. Let all cook for five 
 inimites and serve on squab and toast. 
 
 69 
 
The Miles Ideal Stock 
 
 Exclusively Select Carneaux 
 
 STANDARD COLOR AND SYMMETRY 
 
 Blue Ribbon, Champion, Select and Ideal 
 
 Lofts 
 
 Containing Solid Red, Solid Yellow, Rose Wing Red 
 and Rose Wing Yellow 
 
 Also Standardard Squab Breeders 
 We Bought the Best We Breed mucK BetteiT 
 
 If you want the best, write just the class 
 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR REFUND OF ALL MONEY 
 
 FRANK LEE MILES 
 
 No. 103 Ferry Street DANVILLE, PENNA. 
 
 The Miles Ideal Lofts 
 
 All birds bred from New York, Philadelphia, 
 
 Boston and Baltimore 
 
 PRIZE WINNINQ CARNEAUX 
 
Carneaux-l^ED, YELLOW, SPLASHED 
 
 Bread from stock imported by myself and from New York and Philadelphia. Paler- 
 Son, Trenton, Newark. Orange first prize winners. 
 
 Maltese-WHITE, BLUE, SPLASHED 
 
 Our birds are from imported and giant California stock. Amo.ig them are New 
 York, Paterson and California winners. 
 
 Polish Lynx-BLUE, SPANGLED, MUFFED 
 
 The handsomest squab pigeon. Fme for 12-14 lbs. to doz. white meat squabs; and 
 a beautiful fancy pigeon. 
 
 Pigmy Pouters-WHITE, BLACK, RED, BLUE, YELLOW, CREAM, &c. 
 
 Our Pigmies are from birds imported from England, either by myself or Dr. Jones. 
 I have Crystal Palace and Dadry Shows (London); New York, Boston, Philadelphia, 
 St. Louis, &c., first prize winners. 
 
 A HOBBY-NOT A BUSINESS 
 
 We advertise not to make money--but to make room and keep down numbers. 
 
 Shipments on Approval 
 
 We refund money and and pay return express charges on birds, that for 
 any reason, are promptly returned to us. 
 
 SUNNY CREST LOFTS 
 WM. J. KINSLEY, Proprietor 244 Prospect St., N.utley, N. J. 
 
 How to Raise Pigeons 
 
 is told in our paper. Published twice every month. Treats 
 every varfety. Full of information for the Squab Breeder. 
 Generally admitted to be the Biggest, Brightest and Best paper 
 devoted exclusively to pigeons, 
 
 PRICE ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
 
 The American Pigeon Keeper 
 
 Room 87 — 1 63 E. Randolph St. 
 CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
Tobacco tas ffE TAKE PAINS 
 
 400 lb. Bale - $3.00 _ „. 
 
 100 lb. Bale- 1.10 Z;° ^^"^^^^^ I**" 
 
 To Breed Best 
 
 Carneau, Homer, Mondaine, Runt, 
 
 Maltese, Runt-Duchess-Homer, 
 
 Runt-Maltese and Homer 
 
 Pigeon's 
 Red i|l Grit 
 
 $1.50 per 100 lbs. 
 
 Poultry 
 Red ii|l Grit 
 
 $1.50 per 100 lbs. 
 
 Married pairs guaranteed 
 personal supervision 
 
 Double Banded, 
 Aluminum 
 and Linenoid. 
 
 Cock, right leg. 
 Hen on left leg. 
 
 Mailing list also sent 
 on all orders. 
 
 Earthen Nest Nappies 
 
 Porus— Sanitary 
 
 Linenoid Colored Mating Bands 
 
 Wide Band with Con- 
 trasting Narrow Band 
 
 25 - $ .40 25 - $ .70 
 50 - .70 50 - 1.20 
 
 Band and Dbc Style 
 
 9-inch, $5.50 per 100 
 
 10 " 6.00 " 100 
 
 9 " 3.25 " 50 
 
 10 " 3.50 " 100 
 
 Aluminum Seamless 
 
 25c pet 12 
 
 ■fi 
 
 Open Bands 
 
 15c per 12 
 $1.60 per 100 $1.15 per 100 
 
 "Pronnpt Shipments" My Asset 
 
 EARNEST L. WINSLOW CO. 
 
 Swastiska Grit 
 
 100 lbs., $1.35 
 50 lbs., $ .70; 
 
 Breeder, Writer and Lecturer 
 Pigeon and Poultry Supplies APPONAUG, R. I. 
 
 1st V. P. International Carneau Club and Pigeon Association 
 
rOUliry reea Poultry or Pigeon Feed. Send us yours today. * I5CUII 1 CCU 
 
 WM. G. SCARLETT & CO. 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 Poultry and Pigeon Feed 
 
 We make a specialty of separate ingredients and Special Feeding Mixtures, Write 
 for weekly quotation cards. Free to dealers. 
 
 WHEAT. PULVERIZED BONE. TOBACCO STEMS, 
 
 CRACKED WHEAT. BEEF MEAL, CRUSHED OYSTER 
 
 CORN, HULLED OATS. SHELLS. 
 
 CRACKED CORN. BEEF SCRAPS, MJCA CRVSTAL GRIT. 
 
 KAFFIR CORN. ALFALFA MEAL. HEMP SEED. 
 
 CANADA PEAS. GRANULATED CHAR- CANARY SEED, 
 
 FEED BARLEY. COAL, SUNFLOWER, 
 
 FEED RICE. PULVERIZED CHAR- RAPE. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT. COAL, VETCH, 
 
 SORGHUM. BLOOD MEAL. MILLETS. 
 
 GRANULATED BONE. CONCENTRATED MEAL. FLAXSEED. 
 
 "ORIOLE BRAND" POULTRY MASH. "ORIOLE BRAND" all grain POULTRY FEED, 
 "SHIELD BRAND •' all grain CHICK FEED. " EMPIRE BRAND " all grain POULTRY FEED. 
 
 729, 731, 733 & 735 East Pratt St. BALTIMORE, 
 201,203,205,207 «& 209 East Falls Ave. MD. 
 
 BREEDER EXHIBITOR IMPORTER 
 
 HIGHEST CLASS 
 
 Carneau and Maltese 
 
 Red Red 
 
 Red Rosewing Yellow 
 
 Red Mottle Blue Silver 
 
 / T^elloW ~ j^ ^ Black Dun 
 
 ifellow Rosewing j Checkers 
 
 .Yellow Mottle ; . ,; White 
 
 FOR SHOW PEN OR SQUAB LOFT 
 
 r > —^ 
 
 Also Amherst Crosses 
 
 Send for photograph of kind you are interested in. Also show records, and don t forget 
 - T ^ to ask me to quote my low price for this, fine stock, 
 
 B. Petersen 
 
 20 Jackson Place Jamaica Plain Boston, Mass. 
 
INSIST ON RECEIVING 
 
 [§EON#POlfLTRY FEEDS 
 
 ( SEVENTY FIVE VARIETIES ) 
 Put up in sealed cmtons of 
 
 ONE TWO mm Four Quarts each 
 
 also in SO Om 100 lb. SACKS. 
 
 The Qua/iff/, places it beyond price competltton 
 
 If your deal er dontsell if , cJ ldvise us. 
 SYniXmU SON INC. CAMDEN,N.a« 
 
 White Fantails 
 
 Those wishing high class 
 White Fantails can get 
 odd birds or mated pairs 
 at any time from the oldest 
 breeder in America. 
 
 Frank M. GIbert 'Z^T.. 
 
 The Reliable Squab Farm 
 
 Breeders of Red and Yellow Carneaux. 
 Most of our birds are Solid Colors. Very 
 deep Red. If you appreciate honest methods 
 and are willing to pay a fair price, we solicit 
 your correspondence. 
 
 EDWARD G. CARLSON, Prop. 
 66 BEACH STREET WOBURN, MASS. 
 
Meadow View Lofts 
 
 Breeder of High Class Carneau, Show and 
 Utility Stock. Mated Pairs and Young- 
 sters for sale. Prices reasonable. Also 
 Runt Maltese Crosses for sale, : : : : 
 
 S. S. STEVENS New Egypt, N. J. 
 
 Spratt's Dog Cakes 
 
 AVOID 
 
 Sweetened, Soft or Medicated Foods which cause 
 indigestion, loss of coat and many other evils. Send stamp for " Dog 
 Culture " which contains much valuable information. : : : : ; : 
 
 Spratt's Patent (A. M.) Ltd. 
 
 Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J. Depots at San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal.; St. Louis, Mo. ; Cleveland, O. ; Montreal, Can. Res. Supts. 
 at Chicago, 111., and Boston. Mass. Factories also in Berlin, Germany and London, England. 
 
 Carneaux and French Mondains 
 
 are my specialties, having bred and tested them against 
 other varieties for years and still find them "the best." 
 ^A trial order will convince you mine are above the 
 ordinary kind. Guaranteed mated breeders or youngsters. 
 ^ Send 3 red stamps for valuable book and prices. 
 
 GEO. H. HUGHES 
 
 Oldest importer and Breeder of Carneaux in the U.S. Bridgcton, New Jersey 
 
CARNEA UX 
 
 Imported and 
 Domestic StocJ^ 
 
 Stale V. P. Wisconsin 
 
 IN the matter of stock for 
 my pens, NO money was 
 spared to get the BEST, 
 and I am therefore in a posi- 
 tion 'o supply ANY and ALL 
 wi'h the finest breeding or 
 young birds in America. 
 
 Just to give an idea of my 
 stock, note the following win- 
 nings at Chicago and Peoria, 
 in December, 1909: 
 
 CHICAQO-Ten Firsts, Four 
 Seconds and One Fourth. 
 
 PEORIA-Eight Firsts, Three 
 Seconds and One Third. Also 
 Specials for Best Red Cock, 
 Best A, O. C. Hen. 
 
 At Chicago, and more so at Peoria, the best birds in 
 America were shown, and to win at either show it was neces- 
 sary to have the goods, which my winnings show I had. 
 
 Young birds, sex not guaranteed, from $2.00 to $5.00 a pair. 
 
 Mated stock, averaging nine pairs per year, or better, from 
 $7.50 up per pair. 
 
 Show stock a matter of correspondence. Tell me what 
 you want, and I will make you a price. 
 
 Fort AtJ^inson Sanitary Squab Plant 
 
 OSCAR H. HEMING, "Prop. 
 FORT ATKINSON - - WISCONSIN 
 
... Carneaux ... 
 
 Thoroughbred Carneaux are absolutely necessary to be successful, 
 either as squab breeders or in the show room. I have them for sale ; they 
 do not cost more than others. Large Lofts. Exhibition Carneaux my 
 specialty. If really interested send stamp for booklet--" The Dollar Car- 
 neaux ". With every order of Carneaux I send free a bag of Red Cross 
 Health Grit. 
 
 A. THERRIEN 
 
 Eastern Division Sec'y International Cameau Club 209 Llnwood Street, W. LYNN, MASS. 
 
 National Squab Magazine 
 
 printed more about Caineaux during 1909 than all other periodicals combined. The hand- 
 somest, largest and best periodical in the world. Largest circulation, best advertising 
 medium. Monthly, $ I a year. Send twenty cents for the Double Holiday Number, 
 dated January, 1910. Or send $1 for a year's subscription and that issue will be sent you 
 free, your subscription to date from the next month, if you are doing something with 
 Carneaux worth readmg, write emd tell us, and send photographs. 
 
 Squab Publishing Company 
 
 218 Purchase Street - - Boston, Mass. 
 
 Carneaux For Sale in all Colors 
 
 The Big Kind for Squabbing or Show Purposes 
 WINNERS WHEREVER SHOWN 
 
 For Further Particulars Write 
 
 A. J. HOPKINS 
 
 Member of The International Carneau Club Hornerstown, New Jersey' 
 
 CARNEAUX 
 
 My winnings at Detroit prove 
 
 my birds Top-Notchers. 
 
 Try a few pairs — You will not 
 want your money back. 
 
 PHILIP W. GLEASON 
 
 608 l£th Street DETROIT, MICH. 
 
 Carneaux that WIN 
 
 AT ALL THE BIG SHOWS 
 
 Exhibition Birds on sale after Sept. 1st 
 
 J. R. Van Voorhis 
 
 FISHKILL, NEW YORK 
 
BEL-MAR 
 
 Pigeon Lofts 
 
 Imported Belgium Ccirnaux and Homers 
 
 ALL STOCK IMPORTED DIRECT 
 
 Carneaux and Homers inspected and p£iSSed by 
 Belgium Government inspection before shipment. 
 
 Satisfaction Guaranteed or money refunded. 
 
 No Cheap Birds 
 
 M. Mc D. PRICE 
 
 Member International Carneaux Club and Pigeon Association 
 
 Belcamp, Hartford Co. MARYLAND 
 
Quality Carneaux 
 
 r^ WE BREED FOR [^ 
 
 J Vigor, Type, Size and Color ^ 
 
 ^ SOLID REDS SOLID YELLOWS pj 
 
 Q> ROSEWING REDS ROSEWING YELLOWS ^ 
 
 HEAVY SQUAB BREEDERS S^ 
 
 EXHIBITION BIRDS FOR SALE AT ALL TIMES 
 
 *~^ We make a specialty of Solid Reds and can furnish Show Birds of the very 
 
 i^ highest quality that will conform to the standard adopted by the Carneau Club 
 
 Z Premier Carneau Lofts 
 
 ft! 
 
 <J F. E. BARNARD, Manager H 
 
 U "< 
 
 C. H. BARNARD, Secretary Honeoye Falls, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 o 
 c 
 > 
 
 r 
 
 First Class Carneaux, Maltese, Runts, 
 Runt-Maltese Cross and Runt-Homer Cross 
 
 Young and Old Birds for sale at reasonable prices 
 
 George Hartshorn New Egypt, N. J. 
 
 The Finest Carneaux in America 
 
 are supplied by the 'Plymouth Rock Squab Co., who import and sell more 
 of this breed every year than all the breeders in the United States com- 
 bined. Belgium is the fountain head for Carneaux and we know the 
 breeders, our Mr. Rice having lived there six months to make the acquaint- 
 ance of them and their birds. We assure satisfaction by giving customers 
 three months' trial. Write for prices. Send fifty cents for 1910 Manual, 
 332 pages, about Homers and Carneaux. 
 
 Plymouth Rock Squab Company 
 
 Member International ^arneaux ^lub 1 95 Hcward St., MELROSE, MASS. 
 
PIGEONS 
 
 The Fanciers and Squab-Raisers Paper 
 
 ^ Printed c«ice a month on paper superior to any other. The only paper 
 printing each month on a full front page a colored picture of a leading variety. 
 
 ^ Its writers are the best fanciers and squab-raisers. What you want to> 
 learn about pigeons you will find in T^IQEONS. 
 
 ^ Some of the oldest breeders of CARNEAUX are writing for 
 "PIGEONS. Advertising in "PIGEONS pays. Write for sample 
 copy I cents ; one year $ 1 .00. 
 
 Poultry Publishing Co, Peotone, III. 
 
 Carneaux 
 
 Red Red and White 
 
 If you want to Breed Better 
 Buy the Best. 
 
 Write to 
 
 W. H. SHERRADEN 
 
 412 McCAGUE BLOCK 
 OMAHA - - NEBRASKA 
 
 FOR EXTREMELY LARGE 
 
 Carneau Youngsters 
 
 from most prolific stock 
 Write to 
 
 Giant Carneau Squab Co. 
 DeKalb, III. 
 
 FOR SALE 
 
 CARNEAUX 
 
 From Best of Imported Stock 
 
 E. N. BIGHAM, D. D. S. 
 
 PONTOTOR. MISS. 
 
 Aluminum Bands 
 
 made to order with three initials, year and 
 numbered consecutively or in dupHcates, 
 open, at $1 per 100; 20 cents per dozen; 
 6 samples, one dime. Seamless, $1.50 
 per 100; 25 cents per dozen. 
 
 New illustrated catalog of poultry and 
 pigeon breeders' supplies free. 
 
 BAIR, "The Band Man" 
 2 1 Twilight Yards, Hanover, Pa. 
 
Red Cross Health Grit 
 
 Americas Greatest 
 
 Nourishing Grit 
 
 Mixture 
 
 ^ — ~^ 
 
 -lOO LBS' 
 
 HEALTH 
 GRIT 
 
 Makes Plump Squabs that 
 prove Healthy Youngsters 
 
 Used by the leading fanciers, shows and largest squab plants. 
 
 More used than all others combined. 
 
 We have hundreds of testimonials proving it to be the best ever used. 
 
 Once Used — Always Used 
 
 No tonics, charcoal, sulphur, salt, etc., required when using Red 
 Cross. The small sea shells and iron properties it contains insures 
 better hatches, healthier and larger squabs. 
 
 Price $1.50 per cwt. "XX" Grade $2.00 
 
 Wholesale prices to the trade. 
 
 We manufacture and deal in everything for pigeon men. Our 
 colored bands and nest bowls are the best. Red Cross Pigeon 
 Feed, Nesting Material, Lice Powder. Lice Liquid, Pigeon Traps, etc. 
 
 Write for special circulars. 
 
 CARNEAUX 
 
 Write for special circulars of our grand specimens, bred from 
 nearest standard type. We will make special matin gs of any class. 
 Our Utility Carneaux are bred for size and rapid breeding. Other 
 varieties, English Show Homers, Exhibition Flying Homers, Utility 
 Homers, Pigmy Pouters, Tumblers, White Runts. Maltese Hens 
 and French Mondains. 
 
 The J. W. Williamson Co. Sew ^jL^I^y 
 
DEC 1 W^ 
 
 T. P. BURTT, JR. 
 
 MANUFACTURER TENNENT. N. J. 
 
 Bur It's Medicated Health Grit and Pigeon Foods 
 
 Dealer in all kinds of Pigeon and Poultry Foods, Grains, Seeds, Sup- 
 plies, etc., at low prices. Importer and Breeder of Carneaux and all kinds 
 of Pigeons. Send for circulars. 
 
 If you are looking for Carneaux, why not buy the best, they cost no more. On 10 
 entries at the Boston Show, 1910, I won 2 firsts, 2 seconds, I third, I special and the 
 silver cup offered by the Carneau Club. I have at all times a few birds to spare at a 
 reasonable price. Guaranteed an honest deal and satisfaction. 
 
 Woodbrook Carneaux Loft 
 ANDREW C. MATSON, Prop. 115 Salem St. WOBURN, MASS. 
 
 GEORGE FEATHER 
 
 30 BALLON AVENUE DORCHESTER CENTER, MASS. 
 
 is cpen to accept engagements as Judge of Pigeons. All varieties. Have judged at New 
 Yoilc, Boston and other Eastern Shows for many years. Almost a whole life of practical 
 experience. Birds of any variety selected and mated for Amateurs. Terms moderate. 
 Member American Pigeon Club. International Carneau Club and Pigeon Assocition. 
 
 American Turbit Club. American Show Tippler Club. 
 
 60 pairs solid red French Carneaux from best direct imported stock, mated, 
 in perfect condition. Business engagements are such that we have to sell. 
 Will sell the lot at great sacrifice. Also 45 pairs beautiful Maltese Hen 
 Pigeons. 
 
 MAPLE SQUAB LOFTS 
 
 BOONVILLE, - MISSOURI 
 
 C^ A R IMF A TIV ^^^ AND YELLOW 
 
 ^<^ ^^ r\. i-y E^/A LJyV Bred from French and Belgium stock 
 
 Get our prices before buying elsewhere. We also carry Maltese Hens, Mondaines 
 and Plymouth Rock Homers. Mated pairs and youngsters. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
 Send 5 cents for catalogue. 
 
 Ideal Poultry and Pigeon Yards 
 CLYDE M. RICE, Proprietor DECATUR, INDIANA 
 
 Coloroid Ideal Bands 
 
 Perfect in Every Requirement 
 
 Simple, one piece, transparent cover, light, neat, strong, double lock 
 Easy to apply, all sizes and colors. The Best in the World. Proof for the Jls^ing. 
 
 A. P. SPILLER Beverly, Mass. 
 
One copy del. to Cat. Div. 
 
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