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History of Pasadena 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 An Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the 
 Mexican, the American, the Colony, and 
 THE Incorporated City 
 
 OCCUPANCIES OF THE 
 
 Rancho San Pasoual, and its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls, 
 
 AND Other Objects of Natural, Artificial, Old 
 
 Historic, or Modern Interest : 
 
 Being a Complete and Comprehensive Histo-cyclopedia of all Matters 
 Pertaining to this Region ; with Copious , 
 Index for Reference. 
 
 / 
 
 By Hiram A. Reid, A. M., M. D. 
 
 ILLUBTTRATED 
 
 
 / 
 
 \^ 
 
 ) rO*^ '■•'^7 .P \ •/»-* 
 
 PASADENA, CAL: 
 
 Pasadena History Company, Publishkrs. 
 
 1895. 
 
\L 
 
 O 
 
 Copyright IMS, 
 By Hiram A. Reid. 
 
 
 Press of 
 
 Kin<,slky-Baknks & Nkunkk Co. 
 
 Los AngflfS, Cal. 
 
THRESHOLD REMARKS. 
 
 Genesis. — How it came about that this History was written. — List of books specially 
 examined. — The Bicycle Episode. — Friendly favors acknowledged. 
 
 THE START. 
 
 Before entering the Hahamog-na doorway to this Pantheon of Pasadena 
 history, the reader will please take a cosy rustic seat in the roseshaded sun- 
 shinyness of our front porch for a few minutes, while I relate the history of 
 the History — or how this history project originated, and how this book came 
 to be written. 
 
 January 14, 1894, I went to Los Angeles to deliver before the Science 
 Association of Southern California my report on the Geology of the Pasadena 
 Mountains. In the same car with me was W. H. Knight, Esq., president 
 of the Association, and auditor of the Mount Lowe Electric Railwaj^ Co., 
 who was then also secretary of the Pasadena Board of Trade. In conversa- 
 tion as we rode together I pointed out from the car window some places and 
 objects which had interesting historic associations, and some places of scien- 
 tific interest. These things enlisted his earnest attention; and finally he said : 
 
 ' ' There must be a great deal of interesting history connected with Pasa- 
 dena and its vicinity which ought to be preserved. It is passing away, and 
 in a few years will be lost beyond recovery; somebody ought to collect it and 
 write it up in a book." 
 
 "Yes," I answered, " that is true ; but it would require so much time 
 and painstaking labor to do the work reliably that no publisher could afford 
 to undertake the enterprise. The work would necessarily be local in its 
 scope, and hence of such limited sale that he would certainly lose monej' on 
 it." 
 
 But Mr. Knight thought the financial difficulty could be met by a sub- 
 scription plan, and continued : " Why can't j'^?/ do it? You're just the man 
 for it." 
 
 To this I replied, that I probably knew better than any one else here 
 what a protracted and arduous undertaking it would be, if done with such 
 thoroughness as to make it worth the doing ; and my health was too feeble 
 and precarious for me to think of entering upon so great a task. But he 
 was still earnest, and urged that it ought to he done, and that I could do it 
 better than anybody else. 
 
 On returning home I told my wife about this conversation with Mr. 
 Knight. She chimed right in with Mr. Knight's suggestion; said there 
 wasn't anybody else here who could do it as well as I could. "Yes, and I 
 can help you with the typewriter," she added quite enthusiastically. 
 
 In order to show her how much greater a task it would be than she 
 
4 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 thought of, I penciled a schedule of points and topics that would have to be 
 covered, data to be gathered, old books and records to be hunted up, pioneer 
 settlers and old Spanish people interviewed, scientific research in and about 
 Pasadena pushed much farther than had ever yet been done, etc. But, 
 nothing daunted, she still said that I could do it all better than anybody 
 else ; and she d help me : she'd take care of the chickens herself, and do all 
 the housework, and look after the yard, and attend to the grandchildren alone, 
 etc. , so I could have my time ; and I could have the east bedroom for an office ; 
 and so on, and so on — oh, so easj- seems such a job to one who has not 
 delved in its trenches of difficult}-. 
 
 A few days later I saw my intimate friend, H. N. Farey, who has more 
 practical knowledge on the details of book-printing than any other man in 
 this community, and in course of conversation I told him what had been 
 said by Mr. Knight and Mrs. Reid on this matter. He studied a bit, and 
 then said energetically, "■ iVs a go ! you're the very man to do it ! Why, 
 5'ou've made a good start on it already ! that schedule of what would have 
 to be done is a first-rate beginning of the work ! Wh}^ you have com- 
 menced the thing already ! And 3^ou have more material alread}' on hand, 
 or know where and how to find it, than any half-dozen other men in Pasa- 
 dena ! Yes, siR-R-K, it's a go ! " 
 
 Mr. P'arey knew of my poor health, but said I was tough, and could 
 work along by laying off a day or two at a time when specially severe sick 
 spells overtook me. And the financial part, he thought, could be worked 
 up all right. 
 
 Next, I talked with Hon. P. M. Green and B. V. Ball about it. Mr. 
 Green's finst thought was that Pasadena was too young a city to have much 
 of a history yet. Then, as he thought of the Indian occupation here, and 
 the Spanish occupation, and the American occupation prior to the "Indiana 
 Colony," and the many features of scientific interest, and the rapid succes- 
 sion of notable events here since Pasadena commenced to be a village- he 
 exclaimed, "Why, yes! it grows upon me as I think of it ! There is, in- 
 deed, a great field of history here." And they two concurred' in the idea 
 that a book of historj^ to cover all the ground ought to be written no'v, 
 while some of the oldest settlers are still living ; and I was the right man to 
 do it. Then I talked with P\ R. Harris, and Henrj- G. Bennett, and James 
 Cambell, and others about it, and they were very heartilj' of the same 
 opinion. 
 
 I still feared that on account of failing health I would not be able to 
 carr>'^ the work to completion. Nevertheless, tru.sted friends advised the 
 effort, and offered helpful assistance. A stock company was suggested. Hut 
 I felt that if anybody took stock in it as a financial venture, there would 
 be a pres.sure upon me to hurry it through and this would sacrifice the 
 method of slow, plodding, persevering, patient, .steady .search and research, 
 
THRESHOLD REMARKS. 
 
 writing and re-writing, to the mere commercial idea of getting our money 
 back with profits, as soon as possible. This latter plan is what has made so 
 many of the "county histories" gotten up all over the country prove to be a 
 fraud, and brought the local history business into disrepute. I said I must 
 be perfectly free and untrammeled to take all the time I may find necessary 
 to do and undo and re-do the work, till I feel sure that bedrock facts have 
 been reached, on the different matters of historic interest to be set forth — 
 for there will be mistakes enough, even after the best endeavor has been 
 made to avoid them. And if thirty or forty citizens would aid me a little 
 for the necessary incidental expenses, such as explanatory circulars, inquiry 
 blanks, postage, stationery, horse hire for research trips, etc., I would 
 undertake the task. The question was raised, suppose I should not live to 
 complete it? I replied that those who aided me would have whatever 
 manuscript and material I had accumulated, and could probably then get 
 some one else to complete it. Accordingly, an advance pledge note was 
 prepared, payable in 20 per cent, installments, to aid me in the matters 
 mentioned ; and these notes were signed by P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, F. R. 
 Harris, H. G. Bennett, Henry N. Farey, W. U. Masters, Wm. R. Staats, 
 R. H. Finney, J. A. Jacobs, T. J. Martin, M. D. Painter, P. G. Wooster, 
 James Smith, Benj. M. Page, James Cambell, T. P. Lukens, W. J. Barcus, 
 
 C. C. Brown, Geo. T. Downing, Geo. F. Kernaghan, Oscar Freeman, Delos 
 Arnold, John McDonald, C. M. Simpson, Wm. H. Knight, F.J. Woodbury, 
 W. E. Arthur, G. Roscoe Thomas, A. K. McQuiUing, D. J. Macpherson, 
 Lucy F. Wilson, Jeanne C. Carr, J. W. Wood. All amounts thus prepaid 
 were to apply on the price of one or more copies of the book when printed. 
 
 So that Avas the origin of this History of Pasadena, and how it 
 came about that I undertook the preparation of the volume. In pursuance 
 of the work I have examined with care the following books which con- 
 tained more or less points of incidental linkage with Pasadena history : 
 
 EIvST OF WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 Centennial History of Los Angeles County. By Col. J. J. Warner, 
 Judge Hayes, and Dr. J. P. Widney. 1876. 
 
 Publications of the Los Angeles County Historical Society. 
 
 Lewis's History Los Angeles County and Biographical Register. 1889. 
 
 Southern California. By T. S. Van Dyke of San Diego. Fords, How- 
 ard & Hurlbert, N. Y. 1S86. 
 
 Cahfornia of the South. By Drs. Widney and Lindley of Los Angeles. 
 
 D. Appleton & Co., N. Y. 1888. 
 
 A vSouthern California Paradise. By Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth. 1883. 
 All About Pasadena. By C. F. Holder. 1888. 
 
 The Highlands of Pasadena. By C. F. Holder. H. S. Crocker & Co., 
 San Francisco. 1889. 
 
6 HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 To and Fro, Up and Down, in Southern California. By Emma H. 
 Adams. 1888. [Specially full of errors on historical matters.] 
 
 Reminiscences of a Ranger. By Maj . Horace Bell of Los Angeles. 1 88 r . 
 
 Mediterranean Shores of America ; Southern California Climatology, 
 etc. By P. C. Redondino, M. D. 1872. [A good work.] 
 
 A Tour of Duty in California. By Joseph Revere. Published in Bos- 
 ton. 1849. [Grandson of the famous Paul Revere.] 
 
 Two Years Before the Mast. By R. H. Dana. Published in Boston. 
 1846. [I^xperiences in California in 1835 36.] 
 
 Native Races of the Pacific Coast. By H. H. Bancroft. 1S83. 
 
 History of California — with Pioneer Register. By H. H. Bancroft. 
 Seven volumes. Published in 1883 to 1886. 
 
 California Geological Reports, Vol. I. Prof. J. D. Whitney. Pub- 
 lished in 1865. 
 
 Elements of Geology. By Prof. Joseph lycConte, of the State Univer- 
 sity of California. 
 
 Reports of State Mineralogist. Successive years. 
 
 California Blue Book. Edition of 1891. 
 
 Archaeological Reports of the Smithsonian Institute. 1880. 
 
 The Mountains of California. ByJohnMuir. Century Co., N.Y, 1894. 
 
 Our Switzerland-Italy. By Prof. G. Wharton James. 1892. 
 
 Fremont's Memoirs, Vol. I. 1887. 
 
 Man and the Glacial Period. By Prof. Geo. Frederick Wright. D. 
 Appleton & Co., N. Y. 1892. 
 
 Life in California. [1829 to 1845.] By Alfred Robinson. Published 
 in New York, 1S46. 
 
 Annals of San Francisco and History of California. D. Appleton & 
 Co., New York. 1854. 
 
 Life of Col. Fremont. By Bigelow. Derby & Jackson, New York. 
 1856. 
 
 Early Days and Men of California. By W. P\ Swasey. San Franci.sco. 
 1 89 1. [Capt. Swa.sey was a member of Col. Fremont's famous California 
 Battalion, and he shows up the meanness, injustice and misrepresentation of 
 Bancroft's history toward Fremont.] 
 
 Occidental Sketches. By Maj. Ben C. Truman. San Francisco. 18S1. 
 [Major Truman was for some years an editor and news reporter in Los 
 Angeles, then in San F'rancisco ; but in 1895 he is editing a weekly paper 
 called The Capital at Los Angeles.] 
 
 Old Californian Days. By James Steele. Chicago. 1889. [Uses the 
 term South California instead of Southern California. Right.] 
 
 History of California. By John PVo.st. Hurst & Co., New York. 
 
 Sixty Years in California. [1831 to 1889.] By Wm. Heath Davis. 
 San Francisco. 1889. 
 
THRESHOLD REMARKS. 7 
 
 History of Los Angeles County. By J. Albert Wilson. Published by 
 Thompson & West. 1880. [This is altogether the best " County History" 
 yet gotten up here.] 
 
 California. By Josiah Royce. Houghton, Miflin & Co., Boston. 1886. 
 [Partisan against Col. Fremont.] 
 
 History of California. Two volumes. By Theodore H. Hittell. San 
 Francisco. 1885. [TJiis is on the whole the fairest and best history of 
 the State yet published.] 
 
 Tourists' Guide Book to Southern California. By G. Wharton James, 
 F. R. A. S. Baumgardt & Co., Los Angeles, 1895. [This work uses the 
 name South California instead of Southern California, all the way through 
 — a new feature which I heartily commend.] 
 
 Board of Trade pamphlets. Different years. 
 
 Bound volumes of the weekly Pasadena Union, 1884-85 86. 
 
 Bound volumes of the Pasadena Daily Star. 
 
 Stitched volumes of the Pasadena Standat'd. 
 
 Record Books of the City Clerk. 
 
 Record Books of the City Recorder. 
 
 Record Books of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, the origi- 
 nal Pasadena colony, or "Indiana colony," as it was commonly called. 
 
 Record Books of the Pasadena Land and Water Co. 
 
 Special articles local to California, in leading magazines of both the 
 Atlantic and Pacific coast; bound volumes of the Overland Monthly, Atlantic 
 Monthly, Harper's Monthly, Popular Science Monthly, Illustrated Califor- 
 nian, the Century Magazine, and others of lesser note. 
 
 Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, " etc., by Major W. H. Emory, of 
 U. S. topographical engineers, 1846-47. Washington : 30th congress, ist 
 seSvSion. Senate. Executive document No. 7. [This gives maps, diagrams, 
 descriptions, etc., of three battles in California ; but I did not find this work 
 until Stephen Foster showed it to me, after my Chapter IV. was printed. 
 [Seepage 102^.] Maj. Emory says: "We saw the Mexicans place /^wr 
 pieces of artillery on the hill, so as to command the passage " [at San Gab- 
 riel river.] See forward, page 93. 
 
 THE BICYCLE EPISODE. 
 In pursuance of my work I found it necessary to go mau}^ times to ex- 
 amine natural objects, to consult old settlers, to procure documents or books, 
 to authenticate localities by name, and for many points and particulars which 
 it was needful I should know from personal investigation and not merely 
 from hearsay, in order to write understandingly about them. I could not 
 afford, to keep a horse for making such trips ; and walking proved very soon 
 that it was too slow and tiresome for me. I was past sixty years old, and had 
 never strode a bicycle in my life — but now I needed to learn the new trick. 
 
8 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 It was "business." vSo I procured a bicycle and then the "wild west'-' 
 circus commenced. But I conquered the thing in due time, and the follow- 
 ing article from the Daily Star of May 12, 1894, I quote both for the humor 
 of it and because it is a part of the "history of the History ' ' : 
 
 " The Star reporter who has been watching Dr. Reid's sexagenarian ex- 
 periments with a fiery, untamed bicycle says "it's ago," at last ; and he 
 won't tell of the hundred or more throws the ne\\; rider got — nor of the 
 trees, fences and gutters that might have brought an action for assault and 
 batter}- ; nor how he ran into a horse and buggy with three ladies in it, when 
 nobody could tell whether the horse, the ladies or the flopped-over doctor were 
 most frightened ; nor how he ran into Arnold's milk wagon and scared 
 the milk into curd cheese. Final success wipes out all the little erraticisms 
 of cranky inexperience, even for a man over sixty years old ; and as a con- 
 clusion of the whole matter, our reporter captured the following humorous 
 document recently read before the Fortnightly Club : 
 
 SPINNING WHEELS. 
 
 BY DR. H. A. REID. 
 
 [I was in some doubt aS to whether this poem <-hould sro to the Historical Society, the Science Asso- 
 ciation, or the Bicycle Club, but I finally concludt d that the Throe p Po ytt-chnist> would probably classify 
 it as an evolutional sport in Biocyclology— subclass Pedo economics. This would account for the Z^az/j 
 Star's recent squib about my bicycle experiments ; hence I present it here.] 
 
 Our grandmas had their spinning wheels 
 .\nd made them spin like fun, 
 
 With treadle going up and down 
 To make the spindle run. 
 
 But this was in " ye olden time," 
 
 Before the factories came 
 With patent spinning-jacks to beat 
 
 The women's fast-work fame. 
 
 Each spin-wheel then was stored awaj- 
 
 In dingy garret room. 
 To wait some new fad of the world 
 
 Which might unseal its doom. 
 
 And it has come; for now our girls 
 Go spinning through the street 
 
 With wheels that run as Grandma's did, 
 By treadles for the feet. 
 
 On two wheels now instead of one 
 
 The spinning whirl is done ; 
 Their grandmas did it for day's work ; 
 
 They do it just for fun. 
 
 .\ud likewise, even gray old men 
 Have canght up this new prank ; 
 
 From grandma's spin-wheel made a " bike," 
 And learned to pnmp the crank. 
 
 Our grandma's spinued at home, the yarn 
 From their deft fingers twirled : 
 
 But now the biker boys and girls 
 Go spinning round the world. 
 
 The problem next is, how to save 
 The waste force thus evolved ? — 
 
 Put wind-up springs upon the wheels, 
 And lo, the problem's solved. 
 
 For when you've springs enough wound up, 
 
 Gear them in gangs, and run 
 A motor street car at less cost 
 
 Than ever yet t'was done. 
 
 Or start a plant to generate 
 
 Electric light and heat 
 To serve for evening lamjis at home, 
 
 And cook vour bread and meat. 
 
 This scheme will prove our spinning wheels 
 
 In true worth not unlike 
 The wheels our grandmas used to tread, 
 
 .\nd so commend the " bike." 
 
 I found the bic\cle wonderfully helpful in my work, and also of some 
 benefit to my health by the exhilarating exercise it gave me. 
 
 On January 24, 1895, Mrs. Reid had the misfortune to get her arm 
 broken. This of course was unavoidably a great hindrance and drawback 
 to our history work — stopping it entirely for a while, and embarra.ssing it in 
 some measure all the rest of the time. However, we lost no time lamenting, 
 but went on with the task as best we could, to its final conclusion. 
 
THRESHOLD REMARKS. 9 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF FAVORS. 
 
 I am under obligation for' special favors and assistance to many 
 persons in getting my work as complete as it is, and I wish to make open 
 acknowledgment in the case. Judge B. S. Eaton has very kindly and gen- 
 erously written out for me many matters of early history which no other 
 living person could tell about. Dr. J. W. Wood loaned me a whole year 
 of his bound volumes of the Pasadena and Valley Utiion of 1884-85-86 — 
 the only copies in. existence ; and it being the only local newspaper here in 
 those years, was the prime authority for dates and data on many historical 
 matters of the transition time from colony to city, that could not to be 
 found elsewhere. I am indebted to H. N. Farey for the valuable table of 
 Pasadena corporations, which he carefully compiled for me from the county 
 records ; besides many other matters in which he generously aided me. 
 Arturo Bandini and wife, and Mrs. Bandini's mother, Mrs. Dr. Elliott, have 
 aided me with loan of books ; with suggestion of books and magazine 
 articles that I needed to see; with translation of Spanish documents and 
 Spanish terms ; with documents and data of the original " Indiana colony," 
 and of the true origin of the name Pasadena — documents not obtainable 
 but from them. Prof. A. J. McClatchie furnishes me the results of his years 
 of research on the native flora of this region. [See chapter 32, on Botany.] 
 Young Joseph Grinnell gives me the first publication of his complete list of 
 native Pasadena birds. [See chapter 31, on Zoology.] J. B. French has 
 assisted me very much in my researches on the glaciology of this region. 
 James H. Cambell furnished me early in 1894, one of his official record 
 maps of Pasadena city, with all her sub-divisions, streets, city lots, adjacent 
 lands, etc., — a favor exceedingly helpful for identifying streets, land tracts, 
 and other local points. And Byron O. Kendall, from his extensive real 
 estate, insurance, loan and collection agency at 49 E. Colorado street, has 
 furnished as his contribution to the book the very convenient reference map 
 folded in at page 16. P. G. Wooster, Wesley Bunnell and Thomas F. 
 Croft have taken special pains to furnish me with memoranda of events in 
 the colony time, from their diaries ; and Mr. Croft loaned me for citation the 
 only complete abstract of title of Rancho San Pasqual [after the Garfias 
 patent of 1863] known to be in existence. Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb loaned 
 me the unpublished MSS. autobiography of her father, Hon. B. D. Wilson, 
 which he dictated the year before his death ; besides other historic docu- 
 ments and information furnished by herself and husband. Chas. A. Gard- 
 ner, Esq., kindly gave me "the freedom of his bailiwick" for frequent 
 research in the bound volumes of the Pasadena Daily Star — a favor of great 
 value. Messrs. Wood & Church, from their real estate office in the Masonic 
 Temple, furnished me with 300 copies of their valuable and interesting copy- 
 right birdseye map of Pasadena, showing buildings, streets, R. R. lines, 
 fields, mountains, canyons, toll road, etc., as folded in at page 410. 
 
lO HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The publishers of the "Land of Sunshine" generously allowed me 
 the use of many of their half-tones and other plates, some of 
 which they held in special reserve and would neither lend or hire 
 to anybody else for the present. Photographer Geo. I,. Rose of Pasadena 
 and engraver Herve PViend of L,os Angeles made for me without 
 charge the frontispiece picture, showing my.self and wife going to church on 
 our wheels. Heman Dyer, city clerk, and Judge J. G. Rossiter, city re- 
 corder, gave nie every facility and convenience for examining the city 
 records and archives. Prof. T. S. C. Lowe furnished free transportation for 
 myself and wife over his mountain railroads, for any further investigations 
 we might wish to make in that region during the years 1894-95. And many 
 others kindly and cordially loaned me books or documents I needed ; or car- 
 ried me on trips to visit canyons, mines, mills, springs, ancient dams, etc. ; 
 also to visit the aged Spanish women at Linda Vista bluff and San Gabriel 
 village. These of course were extra long or difficult trips, beyond my 
 strength for bicycle travel ; but for any ordinary run of one, two or three 
 miles, I could go on my wheel. 
 
 Everybody seemed pleased to learn of the work I had luidertaken and 
 glad if they could aid me in some way. It was at once pleasant, encourag- 
 ing and helpful to find such a general feeling of confidence and trust that I 
 would do the work well ; and at the same time it bore in upon me a deeper 
 sense of responsibility, and a keener pressure of obligation to spare no pains 
 for making my work of permanent value — the standard reference book and 
 authority on Pasadena matters, for all the years and interests covered b}- it. 
 P'riends, I have done what I could. And now I respectfully submit my 
 work, which will reveal to you how truly Pasadena is a veritable surprise- 
 garden of local history.* 
 
 H. A. R. 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., 133 Mary street, 
 October 12, 1895. 
 
 * The following from the Z)a/7r 5/ar of September 9, 1895, I thouj<lit worth preserving as a rare 
 coincidence in the "history of the History:" "The printing is being done by the Kingsley-Barnes & 
 Neuner Co., and there are some curious incidents of Pasadeniau assooations connected with the job. Mr. 
 Davis, president and financier of the printing company, resides in Pasadena, and his son officiates as 
 copyholder for the proof-reading— while the foreman and proofreader Mr. H. K. Moles, formerlv resided 
 in Des Moines, Iowa, and knew Dr. Reid there. Mr. Barnes, secretary of the companv, is an 'old-time 
 Pasadena boy. and nephew to Thomas F. Croft. Mr. Fred Lang, vice-president of the company, and 
 who holds high rank as an embossing artist, was formerly a printer with H. N. Farey & Co. of Pasadena. 
 Mr. lilankenhorn, of Pasadena, has his photo-engraving business in the same building; and Wood & 
 Church have their Los Angeles branch real estate office there also. Mr. H. C. OHleness, the assistant 
 foreman, or "make-up," as printers say. who has the responsible task of arranging the type-pages 
 ready for press, is the same man who set the type of the first paper ever published in Pasadena — ///^ 
 CArow/c/^— started and edited by Ben E. Ward in 1S83, and printed at the Los Angeles limrs office. Mr. 
 O'Bleness also formerly knew Dr. Reid in Des Moines, Iowa— as did also Mr. Al. Binkard, the master 
 pressman in charge of the press-work on this Pasadena History. And young Walter Clapp, .son of I. B. 
 Clapp, is in charge of the stock room of this great printing house. Yet when Dr. Reid first planned to 
 go there to get his work done he was not aware of any of these coincidences, except that Mr. Lang was 
 a member of the printing company." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abbreviations for Botany localities (footnote) . 6o8 
 
 Abila, Dona Encarnacion 63, 97 
 
 Aborigines, Pre-Pasadenian 17 
 
 Academy of Sciences 211 
 
 Academy, The Pasadena 190 
 
 Accident, Railroad, fatal 150 
 
 Adventist Church, 7th day 493 
 
 Advent Church, istday 494 
 
 African M. E. Church 482 
 
 Aftermath of "first things" 659 
 
 Alhambra and Pasadena Railway 439 
 
 Allendale Tract 344 
 
 Alpine Division, Mt. Lowe R. R 453 
 
 Alpine Falls 385 
 
 Altadena, origin of the name 342 
 
 Altadena Railroad 432 
 
 Altitudes 284, 363, 400, 453 
 
 Altruria Association 516 
 
 Amphibian Insect 603 
 
 Ancient Animals 585 
 
 Ancient Townsite on Reservoir Hill 529 
 
 Animals here with Prehistoric Man 533, 542-3 
 
 Annals of the Schools 16S 
 
 Antelope 584 
 
 Anti-saloon Agreement 243 
 
 A. O. U. W 508 
 
 A. P. A 505 
 
 Applied Christianity 494 
 
 A rchteology Collection 213 
 
 Architecture, Pasadenian 226 
 
 Arm}' Flag made from Children's Clothes 88 
 
 Arnold, Hon. Delos, Collection 212 
 
 Arroyo Fire, A notable 153 
 
 Arroyo Seco Canyon 387 
 
 Artesian Well Borings 568 
 
 Astronomical Banquet 325 
 
 Athletic Club 526 
 
 Authorities on Plants of California 606 
 
 Authors, Pasadenian 223 
 
 B 
 
 Bacon Spring, The 352 
 
 Bacteria 608 
 
 Badger 580 
 
 Baker's Bear 146 
 
 Baker's Spring 350 
 
 Banbury, Col.'s Deer 148 
 
 Bandini, Dona Refugio's Flag 88 
 
 Bandini Family, 91 ; Bandini Avenue 353 
 
 Band of Hope 508 
 
 Banks 296 
 
 Baptist Churches 485, 486 
 
 Barley Flats 404 
 
 Bassaris, Ring-tailed 578 
 
 Battle of Cahuenga 333 
 
 Battle of Chino 82 
 
 Battle of Dominguez 85 
 
 Battle of Los Angeles 83 
 
 Battles in Los Angeles County, Schedule of.... 104 
 
 Battle of San Gabriel Ford .' 91 
 
 Battle of San Pasqual 87 
 
 Battle of "The Mesa," or Laguna Ranch 94 
 
 Bats 578 
 
 Bear Canyon 672 
 
 Bears 584, 671-2 
 
 Benefits paid by I. O. O. F., table 510 
 
 Bennett, Henrj- G 117 
 
 Berry, D M 117 
 
 Bicycle Club 527 
 
 Bicycle Episode, Poetry, Etc 7 and 8 
 
 Birds, native, 587 ; Bird list 595 
 
 Black Jack Peak 370 
 
 Board of Trade 305, 308, 309 
 
 Boom, The Story of. 301, 307, 314 
 
 Boulder Clay 558, 570 
 
 Breaking Ground for Great Incline 409 
 
 Bridges at Devil's Gate 666 
 
 PA«E 
 
 Brick making 460 
 
 Brigden, A., killed by winery explosion 159 
 
 Brown's Canyon, 3S7 ; Trail 373, 671 
 
 Brown, Owen's, funeral, 322 ; grave 373 
 
 Brown's Peak 369-70, 373, 671 
 
 Builder's Exchange 515 
 
 Building and Loan Associations 300 
 
 Bulletin, The Daily and Weekly' 220 
 
 Business College, Williams's 200 
 
 Butcher Bird 594 
 
 Buzzard Cliff. 374 
 
 c 
 
 California Entomology [book] 604 
 
 Cannery burned 152 
 
 Cannon, The Historic Old 84, 102%, 335 
 
 Cahuenga, Capitulation ol 99 
 
 Carlton Hotel 47 1 
 
 Carlton Hotel Liquor Case 264 
 
 Carr, Mrs. Jeanne C, old Mission mill stone 
 
 for doorstep 52 
 
 Carson's Trail 406 
 
 Carpenter's Union 513 
 
 Cart-ride to mountain top 402 
 
 Case of Asthma, locates Pasadena 123 
 
 Castle Canyon 383 
 
 Catholic Church 492 
 
 Cemetery Association 465 
 
 Centennial Inauguration Day 326 
 
 Centipede- 601 
 
 Change of Climate 562 
 
 Chapman's Glen 385 
 
 Chapman, Pirate Prisoner in Millard Canyon. 45 
 
 Chapman, night fight with Indians 48 
 
 Chapman, Mill at San Gabriel 51 
 
 Chapman, Ship built at San Gabriel... 52, 54, 56 
 
 Chapparal Cock 591 
 
 Charity Organization Society 519 
 
 Chautauqua Circles 517, 518 
 
 Children's homes 521, 522 
 
 Children, three burned to death 155 
 
 Chiquito Canyon 384 
 
 Chinamen mobbed 153 
 
 Chosen Friends, Order of. 511 
 
 Christian Alliance 501 
 
 Christian Church 487 
 
 Christian Endeavor Union 500 
 
 Churches, four blown down 165 
 
 Citrus Fair, The first 112, 318 
 
 Citrus Fair, The second 319 
 
 City Expense Account 288 to 290 
 
 City Officers in Successive years 285 
 
 City Officers repel false reports 266 
 
 City Property and Values 288 
 
 City Railway Co. [Painter Line] 436 
 
 City of South Pasadena 650 
 
 Civet Cats 578 
 
 Clapp, I. B 119 
 
 Classical Schools 200 
 
 Coal Mine, Beaudry's 78, 550 
 
 CoUamer, Miss, School 670 
 
 College, The Sierra Madre 188 
 
 Colony Farms as first chosen 108 
 
 Colony Work, how commenced 124 
 
 Colored People's Baptist Church 486 
 
 Colorado Street R. .n. Line 435 
 
 Columbia Hill 39° 
 
 Columbus Day 33i 
 
 Committee disbands 252, 274 
 
 Commodore Peak, The 371 
 
 Company B, N. G. C 525 
 
 Condensed Vegetables Factory 456 
 
 Condor Shot [footnote] 129 
 
 Concert Extraordinary [jocose] 143 
 
 Conchology Collection 212 
 
 Conger, Dr. O. H 119 
 
 Congregational Church, ist 488 
 
 Coon 579 
 
HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Co-operative Kitchen [jocose] 141 
 
 Conner, Rev Dr. 's, aiiti-wuie protest 328 
 
 Corona Lodge, V. and A M 506 
 
 Corporations complete list of. 311 
 
 Cot tnu wood Canyon 388 
 
 Cottonwood Canyon Water Co 425 
 
 Coyote 58'- 583 
 
 Crematory 466. 675 
 
 Cricket Spanish 1 Jeiusaleni] 603 
 
 Critic, The [New.spaper] 220 
 
 Croft. Thos. F., Colony Negotiations 79 
 
 Crown Chapter R A M 505 
 
 Crown Vista, The [Newspaper] 221 
 
 D 
 
 Daily Evening News 222 
 
 Daily Pasadeua standard „ 219 
 
 Daily Star 217 
 
 Daily Union 216 
 
 Daily Union and John Gorthy 263 
 
 Day. Arthur H 140, i.si 
 
 Dtradnian's Canyon 386 
 
 Deiisions against Saloons 2si 
 
 Deer 5S3 
 
 Degree of Honor, A. O U. W 508 
 
 Democratic Meeting 2.^9, 231 
 
 Democratic Postmasters' Troubles 236 to 238 
 
 Detectives Assatilted 267 
 
 Devil's Gate 388 
 
 Devil's Slide 366 
 
 Dog Poetry 140 
 
 Dreadful night in Eaton Canyon 151 
 
 Dr. Reid's Geological Chart 541 
 
 Drunken mob 274 
 
 Dry Canyon 379 
 
 DummyR. R. Project 430 
 
 E 
 
 Eagle Rock 389 
 
 Kagles 590 
 
 Early Mountain R. R. projects 442 
 
 Eaton Canyon, Eaton Falls 378 
 
 Eaton, Judge's biography [footnote] 128 
 
 Eaton, Judge's narrative 120 
 
 Eaton, Judge on our water basins 561 
 
 Echo Mountain, 369 ; Canyon 382 
 
 Echo Mountain House 474 
 
 Echo Mountain Postoffice 446 
 
 Editorial Association Day 322 
 
 Elections, [see Voies] 227 to 232 
 
 Election Table, City, 1890 273 
 
 Electric Generators, Mt. Lowe 452 
 
 Electric Light and Power Co 463 
 
 F;iectric Light and Gas Co 462 
 
 El Molino Ranch 345 
 
 Elms's Canyon 383 
 
 Emendations 669 
 
 P^ticanipment, I O. O. F 511 
 
 EInforcenient Committee, The 257, 670 
 
 Enforcement Committee Chairman slandered 262 
 
 Enforcement Committee disbands 274 
 
 Enforcement Fund Notes, signers 258 
 
 F^piscopal Church 486 
 
 Ethical Culture Society 516 
 
 Eulalia Perez, first owner Ro. San Pasqual 21 
 
 Exchange Block 472 
 
 F 
 
 Fair Oaks 120, 346, 355 
 
 Fair Oaks Avenue straightened 356 
 
 Father Throop Day 193 
 
 Favors Acknowledged 9 
 
 Fern Canyon 388 
 
 Fertilizer'Works 462 
 
 Fire Department 290 
 
 First City Election 282 
 
 First City Council Meeting 282. 284 
 
 First Citrus Fair 112 
 
 First Civil Officers at Pasadena 278 
 
 First-class Hotel Clause 248, 2^5 
 
 First Electric Car 439 
 
 First National Dank 296 
 
 First Newspaper, ''The Reservoir" 137 
 
 PAGE 
 
 First Reunion Colony Picnic iii 
 
 First Saloi>n Ca^e 152 
 
 Fir^t Street R. R in Fasa<'eiia 434 
 
 First Things |an aftermath of] 659 
 
 First White Race Boys Born Here 65 
 
 First White Man on Pasadena Soil 57 
 
 First Women on San Gabriel Peak [footnote].. 372 
 
 Floral Eiiiblem of Pasadena 16 
 
 Flora of Pasaden:H and Vicinity 605 to 646 
 
 Flora of Pasadena, Index to 64710650 
 
 Flutterwheel Springs 351 
 
 Flycatchers [birds] 593 
 
 Foresters of America 513 
 
 Fortnightly Club 519. 674 
 
 Fossil Fish Ledge 551 
 
 Fox 582 
 
 Fiaudsiii High License Petition 262 
 
 Fraternal Aid Association 512 
 
 Fraternal Mystic Circle 512 
 
 Free Delivery [mail] 238 
 
 Free Methodist Church 482 
 
 Freewill Ch Idren's Home 522 
 
 Fremont's Headquarters loi, 102^ 
 
 Fremont's Neeotialions 98 
 
 Fremont's Redout 102. 102^ 
 
 Fremont's Trail [?] 68, 406 
 
 Frien Is Church 483 
 
 Friends, Society of. 4*^4 
 
 Frogs 600 
 
 Fruit Crystallizing Works 455 
 
 Fruit Drieries 455 
 
 Fruit Growers' Association 457 
 
 Fun in the Colony 137 
 
 Funeral of Owen Brown 322 
 
 Furious Cow 155 
 
 G 
 
 G. A. R., John F. Godfrey Post 502 
 
 Garfias Adobe Mansion 66 
 
 Garfias Family, The 63, 67 
 
 Garfias, Mrs., Visit to Pasadena 97 
 
 Garfias Ownership, The 63 
 
 Garfias Spring 350 
 
 Gas and Fllectric Light Co 462 
 
 Geological Chart 541 
 
 Geological Section [from borings] 552, 571 
 
 Geology 539 
 
 Geology Collection 212 
 
 Gen. Sherman's Visit .,.. 315 
 
 German M E. Church 481 
 
 German Lutheran Church 494 
 
 Giddings, E. W 128 
 
 Giddiugs' Peak, 372; trail 386, 404 
 
 Gold Discovery in 1842 52 
 
 Gold Vein and Mines 457 
 
 Gopher 57^ 
 
 Gopher Snake 600 
 
 Gospel Union, Pacific 501 
 
 Glacial Enamelings 555 
 
 Glacial Drift, Glacial Meadows 559 
 
 Glacial Period, How Long Ago 534 
 
 Glacial Terrace 574 
 
 Glacial Terrace Canyons 374 
 
 Glacial Till 557 
 
 Glaciers in Pasadenaland 553 
 
 Glacier Marks at Devil's Gate 554 
 
 Grace Hill 39° 
 
 Graham, D. M 130 
 
 Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon Falls 385 
 
 Grand Opera House 463 
 
 Grasshopper Talk 144. 603 
 
 Great Incline Cable R. R 44^ 
 
 Green, Hotel 473 
 
 Grinnell, Jos. Account of Native Birds 587 
 
 Grinnell, J . List of Native Birds 595 
 
 (Jrizzly Bear Shot 129 
 
 Grogan Tract 34^ 
 
 H 
 
 Hahainovic, Chief ol Pasadenaland 19 to 21 
 
 Harrison, President, Wine Episode 329 
 
 Harvard Telescope Point 3^7 
 
 Hawks 590 
 
 Hawk Moths 603 
 
INDEX. 
 
 13 
 
 pa(;e 
 
 Helen Hunt Jackson's Work 30 
 
 Henniger's Flat 365 
 
 Hermiiage Water C o 424 
 
 Highland Railroad 437 
 
 High School GradiiRtes 183 
 
 High School, the Wilson 176, iSi 
 
 Historic Days 314 
 
 History of the History 3 to 15 
 
 Hodge's Peak, Hodge's Trail 374 
 
 Holder, Professor, List of Native Animals 5S5 
 
 Holiness Church 4S8 
 
 Holland's Blinds Factory 459 
 
 Hollingsworth Store, The 115 
 
 HoUingsworth Syndicate, The 113 
 
 Hospital 466 
 
 Hotel Green 473 
 
 How These Mountains Were Made 544 
 
 Humane Society 522 
 
 Hummingbirds 592 
 
 Hurlbut's Artesian Well 570 
 
 Hydrology 560 
 
 I 
 
 Indiana Colony, The 106 
 
 Incorporation of Pasadena 278, 281 
 
 Incorporating the Mountains 306 
 
 Indemnity Pledge Notes, Signers 252 
 
 Index of Plants in Pasadenaland 647 
 
 Indian Association, Woman's 497 
 
 Indian Chief baptized as "Pascual" 60 
 
 Indian Graves, Why None Found 31 
 
 Indians After Mission Rule Abolished 27 
 
 Indian Horse Eaters Kill Two Men 29 
 
 Indian Native Food 22 
 
 Indian Native Government 20 to 22 
 
 Indian Native Medical Practice 21, 22, 26 
 
 Indian Native Religion 23 
 
 Indian Native Villages, Locations, Etc 19, 20 
 
 Indian Relic*, H. N. Rust's 131 
 
 Indian Relics on Giddings Farm 28 
 
 Indian Sweat House at Sheep Corral Springs. 26 
 
 Indian Trades at San Gabriel Mission 26, 35 
 
 Insects 601 
 
 lowans in Pasadena 319, 666 
 
 Irish Colony and British Protectorate 99 
 
 Iron Ore, Bog Iron, Etc 551 
 
 Ivy Springs 351 
 
 J- 
 
 Jack Rabbit 575 
 
 Jason Brown Kissed Her 372 
 
 Jerusalem Cricket 603 
 
 Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney 75 
 
 Jumbo Knob 374 
 
 Juvenile Templars 50S 
 
 K 
 
 Kangaroo Rat 575 
 
 Kinds of Rocks 543 
 
 Kingbirds 594 
 
 King's Daughter Circles 520 
 
 Knifeblade Ridge 368, 407 
 
 Knights of the Maccabees 312 
 
 Kniyhts of Labor 514 
 
 Knights of Pythias 509 
 
 Knights Templar, Masonic 506 
 
 L 
 
 La Canyada Rancho 347 
 
 Ladies Aid Society to Sons of Veterans 504 
 
 Ladies of the Maccabees 512 
 
 Ladies LTnion Prayer Meeting 496 
 
 Ladies Visit the Saloonkeeper 215 
 
 Lake Vineyard Ranch 345 
 
 Lake "ineyard Colony Tract 112 
 
 Lake Vineyard House 466 
 
 Land Grants, Old Spanish, Confirmed 349 
 
 Land Tracts by Name 342 
 
 Las Casitas Tract 348 
 
 Las Flores Canj'on 383, 549 
 
 Las Flores Ranch 344 
 
 Las Flores Water Co 424 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Leighton's Canyon 384 
 
 Leontine Falls, How Named 382 
 
 Letter from London A. D. 2000 137 
 
 Librarj' Art I^oan Exhibition 207 
 
 Library Building, 1883 204 
 
 Library Building Site's Offered, 1886 205 
 
 Library Citrus Fair 204 
 
 Library Expenses in 1893 211 
 
 Library Syndicate, $6,000 Note 207 
 
 Library, The Public 202 
 
 Lightning Strikes a Barn 166 
 
 Linda Vista Gold Mines 550 
 
 Linda Vista Peak and Trail 374 
 
 Linda Vista Tract 348, 438 
 
 Ivindsay Mill, The 459 
 
 Liquor Attorneys Fight Shy 251 
 
 Liquor Cases, First Trials 254 
 
 Liquor Scheme for City Election, 1890 268 
 
 Liquor Sellers Fined 276, 277, 670 
 
 Literary People of Pai-adena 223 
 
 Literary Societies 517 
 
 Local Poetrj' 667 
 
 Los Angeles Captured in 1846 81 
 
 Los Robles Canyon 375 
 
 LosRobles Ranch. Gov. Stoneman's 344 
 
 Lopez Claudio. Major Domo at San Gabriel. 21, 40 
 
 Lopez, Claudio's, Descendants 43 
 
 Lost in the Mountains 156 
 
 Lowe, Mrs , Collection 213 
 
 Lowe, Prof, His Inventions 450 
 
 Lowe, Prof, Ovation to 331, 448 
 
 Loyal Temperance Legion 496 
 
 Lugo, Don Antonio, and Joe Chapman 44 
 
 Lutheran Church, German 494 
 
 Lynx 58 1 
 
 Mc 
 
 McClatchie, Prof. A. J., Botany 605 
 
 McQuilling. A. K 130 
 
 McQuilling's Collection 535 
 
 M 
 
 Maccabees, Knightsand Ladiesof 512 
 
 Macpherson Mountain R. R Survey 442 
 
 Macpherson Trestle, The 4.SI 
 
 Marengo Tract 343 
 
 Markham for Congressman 228 
 
 Markham, Gov.'s, bear story 451 
 
 Martin's Camp 402 
 
 Mammals, List of Native 585 
 
 Masonic Bodies 505 
 
 Masonic Temple 507 
 
 Mass Meeting against ,-aloons 242, 246, 255 
 
 Mass Meeting resolutions, Aug. 6, 1S88 256 
 
 Mechanics Mill 459 
 
 M. E. Church South 488 
 
 Medical Association 519 
 
 Men chosen to high office 232 
 
 Meihodist Churches 478 
 
 Millard Canyon and Falls 384 
 
 Millard Canyon Water Co 42'; 
 
 Mill Canyon 375 
 
 Mill No. 2, or "ChaDiuan's mill" 43 
 
 Mill, TheOld Stone, or "El Molino" 42, 391 
 
 Mineralogy Collection 212 
 
 Miner's inch, 414; footnote 421 
 
 Mines and Mining 547 to 550 
 
 Miscellaneous 664 
 
 Missionary Union, Woman's 497 
 
 Mission Canyon 377 
 
 Mocking Bird 594 
 
 Moles 577 
 
 Monks Hill Tract S43 
 
 Montclair Children's Home 521 
 
 Monuments to the- founders of the colony 138 
 
 Moraines, Terminal and Lateral 558 
 
 Mountain Deer 583 
 
 Mountain Lion 580 
 
 Mountain Peaks by name 363 
 
 Mountain R. R. celebration 447 
 
 Mountain View Cemetery 465 
 
 Mount Disappointment 37° 
 
 Mount Harvard 3^4 
 
'4 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 PAdK 
 
 Mouut Lowe 369, 445 
 
 Mount Lowe Echo, The 222, 446 
 
 Mount Lowe Electric Railway... 440 
 
 Mount Markham 372 
 
 Mount Vesuvius 369 
 
 Mount Wilson 366 
 
 Mount Wilson Toll Road 397 
 
 Muir's Peak, 369 ;.Muir's climb 406 
 
 Mule Deer 583 
 
 Mutual Protection Association 243 
 
 Mystic Circle, Order of. 512 
 
 N 
 
 Name of Mountain Railroad 447 
 
 Naming of Mount Lowe. 445 
 
 National G. A. R. Day 320 
 
 Nationalist C)ub 515 
 
 Nativity of School Pupils..'. 181 
 
 Negro Canyon 386 
 
 New Charter ?— "A'o" 289 
 
 New Education, The 223 
 
 Newspapers 214 
 
 Newspaper Suspensions 274 
 
 Night Birds 592 
 
 " Nine Nobby Niggers " 147 
 
 North Congregational Church 491 
 
 North Pasadena M. E. Church 481 
 
 North Pasadena Water Co 422 
 
 " No Saloon in the Valley " 218 
 
 o 
 
 Oak Knoll Canyon 375 
 
 Oak Knoll Tract 344 
 
 Oak Knoll Water Co 424 
 
 Observatory Casino 367 
 
 Observatory Peak [?| [San Gabriel Peak] 371 
 
 Observatory, The Mount Lowe 454 
 
 Odd Fellows. Orders 509 
 
 Ode to "Father Throop" 196 
 
 Office, men chosen to high 232 
 
 Old Settlers' Association 116 
 
 Old Settler Experiences 116 
 
 Old Settlers, where from 133, 136 
 
 Oil Company, Southern 464, 552 
 
 Olive Industry 456 
 
 Olivewood Tract 347 
 
 Orange Boom 664 
 
 Orange Grove Association organized 107 
 
 Orange Grove Colony Day 314 
 
 Orange Packing, Shi'pping, Etc 457, 664 
 
 Ordinance No. i 283 
 
 Origin ol this History 3 
 
 Orioles 594 
 
 Ostrich Farm 465 
 
 Ovation to Capt. Cross 327 
 
 Owls 590 
 
 P 
 
 Pacific Gospel Union 501 
 
 Painter & Ball Tract 342 
 
 Painter Hotel 472 
 
 Painters and Decorator's Union 514 
 
 Partridges 587 
 
 Pasadena Capitalists 301 
 
 Pasadena Chapter, O E. S 506 
 
 Pasadena Chronicle, The 214 
 
 Pasadena City School District iSo 
 
 Pasadena City Incorporated 278, 281 
 
 Pasadena and Valley t^nion 215 
 
 Pasadena's Floral Emblem 16 
 
 Pasadena Fruit Growers' Association 457 
 
 Pasadena Highlands Wattr Co 425 
 
 Pasadena and I.,os Angeles Electric R. R 439 
 
 Pasadena Commandery Knights Templar 506 
 
 Pasadena in Politics 227 
 
 Pasadena Lake Vineyard L. & W.Co 416 
 
 Pasadena Land and Water Co 411 
 
 Pasadenaland first called San Pascual 59 
 
 Pasadenaland, why this term is used 341 
 
 Pasadena Lodge, F. and A. M 505 
 
 Pasadena Lod^eL f). G. T 507 
 
 Pasadena Lodge, L O. O. P 509 
 
 Pasadena's Literary People 223 
 
 P.\GE 
 
 Pasadena, Maj. Bonebrake's fun talk 341 
 
 Pasadena Manufacturing Co 458 
 
 Pasadena National Bank 298 
 
 Pasadena, Origin of the name 338, 340 
 
 Pasadena's part in Mexican war 80 
 
 Pasadena People of Mexican war connection.. 103 
 
 Pasadena Standard n8 
 
 Pasadena Star 216 
 
 Pasadena Street RailwayCo 433 
 
 Pasadena Students in Pomona College 202 
 
 Pasadena Students in Stanford University 201 
 
 Pasadena Students in Slate University 201 
 
 Pasadena Students in State Normal School 200 
 
 Pasadena's very first name 20 
 
 Pasadena Weekly Journal 221 
 
 Patents to Pasadena Geniuses [fun] 139 
 
 Petitioners against saloon 247 
 
 Petition for "high license' 261 
 
 Picnic, first colony reunion iii 
 
 Pickwick Club 526 
 
 Pigeon 589 
 
 Pine Canyon 379 
 
 Pine Flats 404 
 
 Pipeclay 559 
 
 Pirate Prisoner in Pasadena Mountains 43 
 
 Poem by Chas. A. Gardner 667 
 
 Peoples convention and city nominations, 1890 271 
 
 Poetry, first ever written in Pasadena 140 
 
 Poetry 8,140, 196, 3S2, 428, 667 
 
 Politics, Pasadena in 227 
 
 Pomological Society 517 
 
 Poorwills [night bird] 592 
 
 Portola, Gov., in Pasadenaland in 1770 57 
 
 Postoffice. Story of the ' 234 
 
 Poultry Farm, The 464 
 
 Powder made at San Gabriel, 1S46 57 
 
 Power c;enerators for Mount Lowe 452 
 
 Precipice Canyon Water Co 424 
 
 Precipicio Peak 368 
 
 Prehistoric Man in Pasadena , 528 
 
 Presbyterian Churches 475, 478 
 
 President Harrison Day 328 
 
 President Hayes Day 314 
 
 Prize Baby 667 
 
 Prof. Holder's finds 538 
 
 Prof Holder's list of native mammals 585 
 
 Prof Lowe Day 448 
 
 Prof. Lowe's Inventions 450 
 
 Prof Lowe takes hold 444 
 
 Progressive League 265 
 
 Prohiliition Enacted 249 
 
 Prohibitory Ordinance changed 276 
 
 Prohibitory Ordinance null, till re-enacted 260 
 
 Punchbowl Canyon and l-'alls 384 
 
 Puzzles on Calvin Fletcher 126 
 
 Pyramid Peak 365 
 
 Q 
 
 Quails 587 
 
 Quaker Churches .183, 484 
 
 R 
 
 Rabbit Hunts 149 
 
 Rabbits 575 
 
 Raccoon 579 
 
 Ramabai Circle 500 
 
 Ramona and Pasadena k. R 440 
 
 RanchoSan Pasqual bonded for oil 76 
 
 Ro. San Pasqual, complete chain of title 69 
 
 Ro. San Pasqual's lirst house 71 
 
 Ro. San Pasqual's first owner 60, 61 
 
 Rathbone Sisters, Order of. 509 
 
 Rattlesnakes 600, 674 
 
 Rattlesnake Spring 371 
 
 Rats 575.576 
 
 Raymond Canyon, Raymond Creek 374 
 
 Raymond Chit-Chat 222 
 
 Raymond Hill -Jgo 
 
 Raymond Hotel Day 322 
 
 Raymond Hotel, 467 ; Burned down 471 
 
 Real Ivstate E.xchange 304 
 
 Rebekah Lodge, 1. O. O. F 511 
 
 Red R.'icer I snake] 600 
 
 Reid, Hugo, and Indian wife 17 
 
INDEX. 
 
 15 
 
 Reid, Hugo, writings 19 
 
 Removal of San Gabriel Mission 34 
 
 Republican Club 228, 231 
 
 Republican anti-saloon convention, 1890 269 
 
 Republican Party's anti-saloon plank, 1894 277 
 
 Reptiles 599 
 
 Resolutions, The fanti-saloon] 256 
 
 Revenue Law Violators 259 
 
 Richardson Spring, The 351 
 
 Rifle Team, The Pasadena 146, 148, 451-2, 523 
 
 Roadrunner [bird] 59i 
 
 Rock Lizards 599 
 
 Roller Skating Rink 319. 665 
 
 Royal Arcanum, Order of. 5^3 
 
 Rubio Canyon L. & W. Co 425 
 
 Rubio Canyon, with nine waterfalls 379, 381 
 
 Rubio Farm 4Si 
 
 Rubio Water Trail 406 
 
 Ruse de guerre at San Pedro 85 
 
 Rust, Maj. H.N 130 
 
 Saloon started 241 
 
 Salvation Army 49^ 
 
 San Gabriel Mission, When Founded 33 
 
 San Gabriel Mission, Successive Padres 331040 
 
 San Gabriel Mission, secular Officers 40 to .S5 
 
 San Gabriel Peak 370 
 
 San Gabriel Valley Bank 297 
 
 San Gabriel Valley Railroad 426 
 
 San Gabriel Valley Railroad Day [opening] 320, 428 
 
 San Pasqual, Hovv First Named so 25 
 
 San Rafael Canyon, [Johnson s Creek) 3S8 
 
 San Rafael Ranch, 346; Springs 3.50 
 
 San Marino Ranch, 346; Canyon 377 
 
 Santa Anita Ranch 17, 18 
 
 Santa Anita Avenue 361 
 
 Saucer Falls 385 
 
 Savings Banks 299 
 
 School District below California Street, 1877... 171 
 
 School House Subscription List, 1878 170 
 
 School Lots, Auction Sale of. 174 
 
 School Statistics 178, 184 
 
 School Teachers. 1874 to 1895 185 
 
 School Trustees from 1874101895 187 
 
 Scorpions 601 
 
 Secularization ofthe Mission 54 
 
 Sexton, Dan's, Old Adobe Mill 53 
 
 Sierra Madre College 188 
 
 Signal Peak 368 
 
 Simons, Joe's Historic Cart Ride 402 
 
 Shakspeare Club 51S 
 
 Shale Beds 550 
 
 Sheep Corral Springs 350 
 
 Shorb's Artesian Well 571 
 
 Shorb Water Scare, The 668 
 
 Shrike [Butcher Bird] 594 
 
 Skunk 579 
 
 Slicken sides 555 
 
 Sociological Society 516 
 
 Soldier Guards at Mission do badly 24 
 
 Soledad Trail, The 405 
 
 Sons of St. George, Order of. 113 
 
 Sons of Temperance 508 
 
 Sons of Veterans 504 
 
 Southern Oil Co 464, 552 
 
 Southern Pacific Railroad 440 
 
 South Pasadena Beer Garden 658 
 
 South Pasadena Churches 656 
 
 South Pasadena City 650 
 
 South Pasadena Industries 657 
 
 South Pasadena Library and Reading Room.. 654 
 
 South Pasadena Literary Societies 655 
 
 South Pasadena Newspapers 654 
 
 South Pasadena Post-office 655 
 
 South Pasadena Schools 653 
 
 Spanish Land Grants Confirmed 349 
 
 Specialists on Pasadena Native Plants 607 
 
 Spinning Wheels Ipoetry] 8 
 
 Squaretop Mountain 372 
 
 Squirrels 577 
 
 Stage Talent in the Colony 145 
 
 State Division Convention, 1S49 335 
 
 Steil, Peter's Candidacy 277 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Stockton, Commodore's Headquarters 97, 100 
 
 Stoneman, Gen. [footnote] 75 
 
 Stone Implements found at Reservoir Hill..:... 535 
 
 Storms, Floods, Etc. 1861 to 1895 160 to 167 
 
 Strain's Camp 401 
 
 Strawberry Peak [?] 37° 
 
 Street Altitudes 363 
 
 Street Car Smash-up 156 
 
 Streets, When, Why, by Whom Named 352 to 363 
 
 Summary of Plants Listed 645 
 
 Swedenborgian Preaching 494 
 
 Switzer's Trail 403 
 
 T 
 
 Tabernacle. The 480. 481 
 
 Table of City Property and Expenses 288 
 
 Table of Successive City Officers 285 
 
 Tarantulas 602 
 
 Tarantula Hawk 602 
 
 Technical Citch in Liquor Sale Trial 2f8 
 
 Telescope Episode 39^ 
 
 Temperance Orders 507 
 
 Temperance Question, The 240 
 
 Terminal Railroad Day 327 
 
 Terminal Railroad, The Los Angeles 432 
 
 Thibbets Springs, The 35i 
 
 Throop, Hon. A. G., Biography 198 
 
 Throop, Hon. A. G., Death and Funeral 198 
 
 Throop Institute Scholarships 195 
 
 Throop Museum Collection 536 
 
 Throop Polytechnic Institute 190, 193, 197 
 
 Throop University 19' 
 
 Titus s Artesian Well 569 
 
 Toll Road. The Mt. Wilson 397 
 
 Tree Rat .576 
 
 Triplets born 666 
 
 Tunnel, The Beaudry 3S9 
 
 Twins, Col. Banbury's— [girls] 16S 
 
 Twins, Mayor Cox's— [boys] 232 
 
 u 
 
 Uncle Bob's Trail 405 
 
 Union Prayer Meeting 496 
 
 Union Savings Bank 299 
 
 Uniform rank K of P 509 
 
 United Samaritans 520 
 
 Universalist Church 492 
 
 V 
 
 Vaccination of School Children 180 
 
 Valley Hunt Club 524 
 
 Vasquez, The Robber i.so 
 
 Vegetables, Condensed, factory 456 
 
 Verdugo Ranch 346 
 
 Vote, City, 1S88 229 
 
 Vote, Citv, 1892 230 
 
 Vote, City, 1894 232 
 
 Vote, Colony, Presidential, 1876 227 
 
 Vote, Presidential, 1880, not found 228 
 
 Vote, Presidential, 1884 229 
 
 Vote, Presidential, 1888 230 
 
 Vote, Presidential, 1S92 231 
 
 Vulture 589 
 
 w 
 
 Wages, mechanics 306 
 
 Wakeley's Bird Specimens 598 
 
 Wakeley's Novelty Works 460 
 
 Walking Leaf Insect 603 
 
 Wallace, Joseph 131 
 
 Wallace s Cannery 152, 454 
 
 Washington School 173 
 
 Water Beetle 603 
 
 Water Carvings 556 
 
 Water Measure [state engineer] 414 
 
 Water Meter Trial 423 
 
 Water Question Settled 420 
 
 Water Kates 416 
 
 Water Supply, The first 41° 
 
 Water Supply, Total for Pasadena 573 
 
 Water Tunnels; 572 
 
 Water Works, Expense, Etc 415, 416 
 
i6 
 
 HISTORY OF I'ASADKNA. 
 
 PA«E 
 
 Weasel 580 
 
 Weddinp Musicians soused 162 
 
 Weekly P:isailcniaii 220 
 
 Wells, Artesian borings 568 
 
 Wells of Pasadena 564 
 
 West Pasadena Railway Co 438 
 
 What Geological Age 540 
 
 What kinds of Rocks 543 
 
 Whisky War, The 255, 670 
 
 White Ribbon, The 221 
 
 Whitesiders. The 666 
 
 Whitelined Sphinx [moth] 603 
 
 Wlio killed Jesse I.ee ? 147 
 
 Wildcat Canvoji 38S 
 
 \\'iliicat [lyn'x] 581 
 
 Wildgrape Canyon 377 
 
 Williams Business College 200 
 
 Williams Hall 669 
 
 Willowdale, Willowdale Creek 345, 375 
 
 Wilson against the Lugos 74 
 
 Wilson, Ben's, Spring 351 
 
 Wilson, B. D. biographical sketch 332 
 
 Wilson Canyon 376 
 
 Wilson Ditch, The 69, 114 
 
 Wilson High School 174, 176, 181 
 
 I'AGK 
 
 Wilson Lake ■. 394 
 
 Wilson's Peak 366 
 
 Wilson's report as U.S. Indian agent [footnote] 336 
 
 Wilson's Trail 395, 441 
 
 Wilson's wine and the preacher 145 
 
 Wineglass, The inverted 329 
 
 Winery Tank Kxplo.-.ion, fatal 159 
 
 Winston Heights 346 
 
 Winston, h. C, lost in mountain snow storm.. 156 
 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union 495 
 
 Woman's Relief Corps 503 
 
 Woodhury Tract 347 
 
 Woodpeckers 592 
 
 Woolly Spider 604 
 
 Wooster, P. G 131, 228 
 
 Works consulted in preparing this History... 5, 6, 7 
 Worms, Visitation of 164 
 
 Y 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association 499 
 
 z 
 
 Zalvidea, Padre, 26 years at San Gabriel Mis- 
 sion 34. 61 
 
 Zoology 575 to 604 
 
 CITY LIBRARY— SOUTH-BY-WbtiT VIEW. 
 
 [See page 20t).] 
 
 Pasadena's Floral Emblvm. —On pages 57 and 59 1 have explained how the notably conspicuous 
 profusion of wild poppies on our highland slopes first suggested the idea of " San Pascual " as a descrip- 
 tive term for the Pasadena region, in April, 1770— over 125 years ago. This poppy is therefore historically 
 aud distinctively the floral emVilem of Pasadena, and is so represented by Mr. Lang in the artistic em- 
 bossing stamp which he made for the covers of this History volume. 
 
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DIVISION ONK — TRE-PASADKNIAN. 17 
 
 DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Pre-Pasadenian Aborigines. Early writers.— Plugo Reid, the Scotchman, and 
 his Indian wife. — Sixteen Indian villages by name and location. — Pasadena's very 
 first name and people — their government, medicine, food, etc. — The Indian re- 
 ligion. — Mission incidents. — Pascual el Capitan and the Pascual Indians. — Indian 
 Sweat House at Sheep Corral Springs. — Indians after the IMission da3-s. — Indian 
 horse-eaters kill two white men in the Arroyo. — Helen Hunt Jackson's work. — Why 
 no Indian graves found. 
 
 INDIAN EVENTS IN PASADENALAND. 
 
 When the Spaniards first took possession of this region of country, which 
 was in 1769-70, they found it occupied by native Indians who then had 
 twenty-seven or more village settlements within what is now Los Angeles 
 county, and the Spaniards called them rancherias.* Each village had its 
 local chief ; and some clans had a group of villages with one hereditary or 
 patriarchal chief over all, he bearing the clan name with the suffix " ic " to 
 indicate his office. The writings of padres Crespi, Junipero Serra, Boscana, 
 and others of the earliest missionaries here, besides records left bj' Governor 
 Pages and many officers and soldiers of the first occupancy, give us in- 
 formation of the Indians of South California in general ; but the one writer 
 who devoted himself to local details concerning the Indians of Los Angeles 
 county was Hugo Reid. He wrote from his own studies and investigations, 
 made over sixty years after the Spaniards commenced their rule here, and of 
 course did not get everything^yet he is the chief authority, and most often 
 quoted by later writers in this particular field. Hence I give here a con- 
 densed sketch of his life, as a part of the local history of Pasadenaland. 
 
 HUGO REID AND HIS INDIAN WIFE. 
 
 Hugo Reid was born in Scotland in 1811 ; came to New Mexico in 
 1S28 and resided there six years. Came to California in 1834 and engaged 
 in mercantile business at Los Angeles. In 1839 he became naturalized as a 
 Mexican citizen, having married a native Indian woman at San Gabriel and 
 settled on the rancho Santa Anita comprising three leagues of land, which 
 was finally granted to him by Mexican authority in 1841 and i845.t Ti- 
 burcio Lopez (a son of the historic Claudio Lopez of San Gabriel) had 
 lived upon it and claimed it before, but somehow Reid got it; and in 1S47 
 he sold it to Henry Dalton for $2,000. [The same land was sold in 1874 
 
 *In July, 176s), Father Junipero Serra wrote : " We found vines of a large size [wild] and in 
 some cases quite loaded with gravies. * * We have seen Indians in immense numbers thej' con- 
 trive to make a good subsistence on various seeds, and by fishing. The latter they carry on by means 
 
 of rafts orcanoes made of tule (bulrush) All the males^go naked ; but the women and female 
 
 children are decently covered from their breasts downward." 
 
 +" Hartnell aided him [Reid] in getting the land, against the effbrts of J. A. Carrillo in behalf of 
 the I.oviez family."— //n7. Cal. Vol. 5. p. dy/. This Hartnell was visitador general of Missions, under 
 Governor Alvarado. 
 
PI Kunlmry tit 
 
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 j^ '- I First st 
 1* ** Florence st 
 
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 C S Grand ave 
 F 3 Oraudview »t 
 
 (}rant at 
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 B 3 Grove st 
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 D6 H 
 
 C 6 Hammond st 
 
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 . 2 JjOnoak a\ 
 4 Los Uobl« 
 
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 I i Mai^donuld »t 
 
 Place 
 Markhani st 
 Maple st 
 Marshal st 
 Mar Vista ave 
 Mary st 
 Maylin st 
 Mentoria st 
 MeDtone ave 
 Mercer ave 
 Mentor ave 
 Michigan avo 
 Millard ave 
 Moliue ave 
 Montana st 
 Mondell Drive 
 Montana st 
 Morton ave 
 Montgomery st 
 
 Murcetta nve 
 ' G Muscatan st 
 1 6 Myrtle Place 
 
 N 
 
 ;4 New York avo 
 
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 \ 2 Oak st 
 6 „ Side Drive 
 
 5 Oakland ave 
 
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 ^ 2 Orange Grove 
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 ; 2 Palmetto Driv* 
 
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 ' 2 Pasadena ave 
 
 : ;j Pasclial Ht 
 
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 , 5 Pearl st 
 
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 A ;i Scott st 
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 Temple st 
 Thornton ave 
 Ttii)eka st 
 Treinont st 
 
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 Valley st 
 Van Wick st 
 Vernon ave 
 Villa Ht 
 Vineyard st 
 
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 H;) Waldo ave 
 
 HIilWaldenst 
 
 ,) X I Walnut st 
 
 V.H Wallisst 
 Walworth st 
 Wajiello 8t 
 Wavorly Drive 
 Washington st 
 Webster ave 
 W. Columbia st 
 Wichita ave 
 Willard Place 
 
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1 8 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 for $200,000.] Its oiiginal west line ran from the mouth of Eaton canyon 
 southwesterly to the corner of Wilson avenue and San Pasqual street, thence 
 back east along that street to Santa Anita avenue, thence south on that 
 avenue nearly to the Mission. In California he was always known as Hugo 
 Reid. Just when he was married I did not learn, but it appears that in 
 1839, when he took the oath of Mexican citizenship, he already had his In- 
 dian wife, Victoria, and two children. His wife was an excellent woman, 
 much respected at San Gabriel,* and a cottage which she built and lived in 
 is still pointed out as one of the historic buildings there, since her case was 
 dimly woven into the famous story of "Ramona". In 1838 a piece of land 
 128^ acres called Huerta [garden] de Cuati was granted to her by Mexican 
 authority, and confirmed by U. S. patent of June 30, 1858 ; but as early as 
 1852 she had sold it to B. D. Wilson, and it became his Lake Vineyard 
 home place, so intimately associated with Pasadena's early history. In 
 1843 Hugo Reid was justice of the peace at San Gabriel; in 1846 he was 
 auxiliary administrator in closing up the business of secularizing the Mis- 
 sion property ; the Mission was heavily in debt, and in June of that 3'ear 
 Governor Pico sold out the whole business — buildings, lands, water rights, 
 and all, to Hugo Reid and Wm. Workman — Reid being then in possession. 
 But in August of same year the country was captured by Stockton and Fre- 
 mont, and they annulled this sale as not valid under Mexican law. In 1849 
 Reid was elected to and .served as a member of the convention which gave 
 California her first constitution, under which she entered the Union as a 
 sovereign state. He died in Los Angeles December 12, 1852. 
 
 A pioneer merchant and coast trader of San Francisco named Wm. 
 Heath Davis published in 1889 a book entitled "Sixty Years in California "; 
 and on pages 196-7 I find this narrative : 
 
 "In November, 1844, James McKinlay and myself left San Diego and 
 went overland to Santa Anita. Hugo Reid, a Scotchman, lived at Santa 
 Anita. He was a skillful accountant, and we brought along with us, on a 
 pack animal, a large pile of account books belonging to the business of 
 Paty, McKinlay and Pitch, who were about dissolving their partnership. 
 We remained at Reid's house most of the months of November and Decem- 
 ber, adjusting and settling the books, with his aid. Reid had been dis- 
 appointed in love in his own country, his intended bride having ' thrown 
 him over ' , so to speak ; and he left the country in disgust, vowing he would 
 marry some one of the same name as she who had slighted him, even 
 though an Indian woman. He came to California and fell in with a woman 
 of pure Indian blood, named Victoria, the name of his former love, and 
 married her. Upon our visit at Reid's house we found that they were living 
 very happily together. We were surprised and delighted with the excellence 
 and neatness of the housekeeping of the Indian wife, which could not have 
 been excelled. The ])eds which were furnished us to sleej) in were exquis- 
 
 *" There arc strikinij exanipks of Indian women married to foreigners and native Californians, 
 exemplary wives an<l molliers." lion. li. I). Il'ilioii's ifpotl as //.S. Indian AQnU /\^.\ 
 
 "The Indian women of CaHfornia were far better stock than those of' Me.xico." — Davis^" Sixty 
 Years in Cat.," p. irjO. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. I9 
 
 quisitely neat, with coverlids of satin, the sheets and pillow cases trimmed 
 with lace and highly ornamented."* 
 
 THE INDIAN VII.LAGES. 
 
 Among Hugo Reid's writings is a list more or less complete of the or- 
 iginal native Indian names of their villages or clan settlements in I,os An- 
 geles county. Usually a clan had only one village, a central settlement ; 
 but sometimes the same clan had several villages, with an hereditary clan- 
 chief over all, and an elected sub-chief in each village, thus forming a sort 
 of patriarchal confederacy in government; and this seems to have been the 
 case with our Arroyo Seco Indians when Governor Portola, the first white 
 man here, was treated kindly by them and their head chief, Hahamovic, in 
 January, 1770, at their village near the Garfias spring in South Pasadena. 
 Reid's writings in regard to the Indians were first published in the L,os An- 
 geles Star in 1852, and republished in the California Farmer in January, 
 1 86 1. A copy of the MSS. was furnished by Judge Hayes, to H. H. 
 Bancroft while preparing his volume on ' ' Native Races of the Pacific 
 Coast", in 1881-82. Considerable portions of the matter were reprinted in 
 Lewis's "History of Los Angeles Co." published in 1889. And from 
 Reid's account of the Indian villages I select a few of the localities best 
 known to Pasadena people, or with which they have some special interest, 
 citing the Indian name, and its location as given by Reid, with my own 
 notes of explanation as to present identity. The suffix "na" was equiva- 
 lent to our word clan, but was also used in a sense the same as our suffixes 
 " ville" or "burg ". 
 
 Name of Indian I Location as given by I Present occupancy or 
 village. I Hugo Reid. | identity of the site. 
 
 Acurag-7ia — La Presa. [A large tule bog or cienega on the L- J. Rose 
 place, above the winery, where the padres built a stone dam in 1821 and 
 conveyed the water in a ditch to their flouring mill No. 2, across the street 
 in front of the church. The stone dam stands yet ; and the foundation 
 walls, cement flumes, wheel pit, etc., of the mill are still visible as ruins.] 
 
 Aluipquig-na — Santa Anita ranch, where Hugo Reid lived in 1844. 
 
 Awig-na — La Puente. 
 
 Azucsag-na — Azusa. 
 
 Cucomog-na — Cucamonga. 
 
 Hahamog-na — Verdugo ranch. [From other sources and circumstances 
 I find that this clan occupied both sides of the Arroyo Seco from Garvanza 
 ford northward ; and when Reid wrote his account the Arroyo hills were 
 called promiscuously the "Verdugo hills", or "San Rafael" hills, all 
 lumped off as pertaining to Don Jose Maria Verdugo' s ranch. These were 
 the Indians who occGpied Pasadena's location when white men first \'isited 
 the country in 1769-70.] 
 
 *This Iiidiau woman had been one of the " neophytes" under the training of old Eulalia Perez at 
 the San Gabriel Mission. See Chap. 2 and 3. 
 
20 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Isanthcog-na — Mission Vieja. [The place called "Old Mission," at the 
 San Gabriel river — the site where San Gabriel Mission was at first estab- 
 lished (September 8, 1771), but afterwards moved to its present location. 
 Some fragments of the adobe walls of the old first church, and other struc- 
 tures, may be seen yet (1895), at " Old Mission."] 
 
 Pasinog-na—^hxno ranch. 
 
 Pubug-na — Alamitos ranch. [The shores of Alamitos bay.] 
 
 Sibag-na — San Gabriel. [This was at a great alluv'ial' marsh which 
 formerly existed in the washway southwest of the present village, and furn- 
 ished rich crops of vegetables and grain to the Mission while its buildings 
 . were going up at the new location. But that body of rich marsh land has 
 all been washed away, leaving only fields of sand and gravel.] 
 
 Sisit Ca7wg-na — Pear Orchard. [The old Mission pear orchard, below 
 the mouth of Wilson, Mission and San Marino canyons — now called the 
 Cooper Place, where Isaac and Thomas Cooper live.] 
 
 Sonag-na — Mr. White's place. [Irving A. White of the Sierra Madre 
 colony, near, or a part of the present village of Sierra Madre.] 
 
 Suang-na — Wilmington. [This was the largest or most populous of 
 the Indian villages in the county, on account of the abundance of food, and 
 so easily obtained from the great estuary or bay there — fish and clams, and 
 such roots, berries and native plant seeds as they used for food.] 
 
 Tibahag-na — Cerritos ranch. [Site near Clearwater,] 
 Toybipet-na — San Jose. [Spadra.] 
 Yang-na — Los Angeles. 
 
 PASADENA'S VERY FIRST NAME AND PEOPLE. 
 
 The Hahamog-na clan occupied our Arroyo Seco region, and therefore 
 " Hahamog-na " may be set down as the first name by which Pasadena ter- 
 ritory was ever designated in human speech ; and Hahamovic-'' was the 
 name or title of the old native chief who smoked the peace-pipe with Gover- 
 nor Portola at South Pasadena, January 17, 1770. In regard to tribal head- 
 ship among the Indians, Bancroft's "Native Races," p. 409, says : 
 
 "Each tribe acknowledged one head, whose province it was to settle 
 disputes, levy war, make peace, appoint feasts, and give good advice. Be- 
 yond this he had little power. He was assisted in his duties by a council of 
 elders. The office of chief was hereditary, and in the absence of a male heir 
 devolved upon the female nearest of kin. She could marry whom she 
 plea.sed, but her husband obtained no authority through the alliance, all the 
 power remaining in his wife's hands until their eldest boy attained his ma- 
 jority, when the latter at once assumed command." 
 
 This old chief, Hahamovic [called by the Spaniards " Pascual el Capi- 
 tan"], was head chief, and his tribe or clan had several villages at points 
 
 ♦"The chief of each lodge took its name, followed by ic, with sometimes the .alteration of one or 
 morefinal letters. For instance, the chief of Azucsag-na wascalletl Azucsavic; that of Sibag-nn, Sitiapic; 
 etc." — Hugo Raid's Records: Letter i. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. 21 
 
 convenient to wate? — one near the Garfias spring which now suppUes Lincoln 
 Park with water ; one on banks of the brook east of Raymond hill ; one on 
 C. M. PhilHps's place, near the head springs of lyos Robles brook and Oak 
 Knoll brook ; one near the Ben Wilson and Richardson springs ; one on the 
 Giddings place near the mouth of Millard canyon, far up whose mountain 
 course "the tribe obtained their finest and fattest acorns for food ; and per- 
 haps others. Each village had its sub-chief, and these formed the " council 
 of elders " referred to — a sort of cabinet or board of directors, with Hahamo- 
 vic presiding. After the old chief was baptized and named Pascual, his 
 tribe were called the " Pascual Indians;" but later all tribal distinctions were 
 broken up by the Mission authorities and all were blended or mixed to- 
 gether as "neophytes," or "Mission Indians" — and finally called Gabriel- 
 enos, to distinguish this populace from those of other Missions — the term 
 " Missioij Indians " having come to be applied to any body of natives who 
 had com^jUnder the rule of the padres. Our Pasadena chief, Hahamovic or 
 Pascual, finally married a Spanish white woman named Angelina Sysa, re- 
 sided at San Gabriel, and lived to be very old. Senora Maria Guillen de 
 LrOpez, aged 83, and still living at San Gabriel, knew him as a very old man 
 when she was a little ^irl. Her mother was the famous Kulalia Perez de 
 Guillen, first grantee of the Rancho San Pasqual ; and her husband was a 
 son of the historic Claudio lyOpez who served as major domo (chief overseer) 
 at San Gabriel before and through the masterful administrations of Father 
 Zalvidea and Father Sanchez — or a total period of about thirty-six years, 
 as I was informed by his grandsons Felipe and Theodore I^opez of San 
 Gabriel. Their grandmother, Kulalia Perez de Guillen, was living at San 
 Gabriel and attended as midwife upon the mother of Governor Pio Pico 
 when he was born. May 5, 1801 ; and it was the family tradition that 
 Claudio Ivopez was already serving as major domo at that time. Hence he 
 was overseer of Indian laborers for a longer period and in greater numbers 
 probably than any other man in California, and was the first man who ever 
 started any civilized industries on the land now occupied and known as 
 Pasadena. He used it as a Mission stock range. 
 
 These primitive people do not appear to have had any sort of domestic 
 animals — not even dogs or cats — nor any sort of agriculture ;* but sub- 
 sisted wholly upon the natural products of the land, both vegetable and 
 animal, including the eggs of quails and other birds in their season. Never- 
 theless, in some respects they seem to have made real advances toward a 
 semi-civilization, as in matters of civil polity, literature, treatment of 
 diseases, etc. Their medical practice was combined with a good deal of 
 superstitious mummery by the "doctor," such as noise of rattles, smoking 
 [incense] to the Great Spirit, singing of songs or incantations, and other 
 
 *The native inhabitants found on some of the Santa Barbara islands did have a domesticated variety 
 of coyote or wild dog; but the early Spanish writers do not mention anj- such creatures in the Pasadena 
 region. 
 
22 HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 ceremonial antics ; yet withal they did have some practical and efficient 
 knowledge of the use of sweating or steam baths, of numerous herb decoc- 
 tions, of lobelia emetics, of counter-irritation by nettle blisters and by burn- 
 ing or "moxa," and of blood-letting, etc. Among the herbs which they 
 used medicinally were Nirotiana or wild tobacco, thornapple [jimson weed], 
 marshmallow, tansy, mustard, southernwood ["old man," as it is sometimes 
 called], wild sage, nettles, and some others. They also had knowledge and 
 skill to prepare poisons for making their arrow points more deadly. In re- 
 gard to civil regulations among them I quote this brief extract from Hugo 
 Reid's work : 
 
 "The government of the people was in the hands of the chiefs, each 
 captain commanding his own lodge. The command was hereditary in a 
 family, descending from father to son, and from brother to brother. If the 
 right line of descent ran out, they immediately elected one of the same kin 
 nearest in blood. lyaws in general were made as they were required, with 
 the exception of some few standing ones. Robbery and thieving were un- 
 known among them ; and murder, which was of rare occurence, was pun- 
 ished by shooting the delinquent with arrows until dead. Incest was held 
 in great abhorrence and punished with death ; even marriages between kins- 
 folk were not allowed. The manner of death was by shooting with arrows. 
 All prisoners of war were invariably put to death, after being tormented in a 
 most cruel manner." 
 
 Those occupying the San Gabriel valley he designates by the general 
 name "Gabrielenos," and the mountain Indians he calls " Serranos." Of 
 their native articles of food he says : 
 
 "The animal food used by. the Gabrielenos consisted of deer meat, 
 young coyotes, squirrels, badgers, rats, gophers, skunks, raccoons, rabbits, 
 wild cats, small crow, blackbirds, hawks, and snakes, with the exception of 
 the rattlesnake.* A few ate of the bear, but in general it was rejected, on 
 superstitious grounds. A large locust or a grasshopper was a favorite 
 morsel, roasted on a stick at the fire. Fish, quails, seals, sea-otter, and shell- 
 fish formed the principal subsistance of the immediate coast range lodges 
 and Islanders. Acorns, after being divested of the shell, were dried and 
 pounded in stone mortars, put into filterers of willow twigs, worked into a 
 conical form and raised on little sand mounds, which were lined inside with 
 two inches of sand ; water added and mixed up, filled up again and again 
 with more water, at first hot and then cold, until all the bitter principle was 
 extracted ; the residue was then collected and washed free of any sand par- 
 ticles it might contain; on settling, the water was poured off; on being 
 boiled it became a sort of mush, and was eaten when cold.f The next 
 
 *Davis, "Sixty Years in Cal." p. 526, tells of a notable trip vvliicli he and othtrsniadeiu 1850-51, when 
 Don Ramon Arguello (uncle to Artiiro Bandini, of Pasadena,) officiated as guide. Rattlesnakes were 
 very abundant and Don Ramon was wonderluUy expert in killing them ; and Davis says : " He would 
 eat a portion of their bodies after it was broiled over a hot fire, and often remarked to me that it was 
 more nutritious than the meat of a lat chicken."' 
 
 tFremontspeaksof the Indians bringing him " bread made of acorns to trade," and adds that they 
 " live principally on acorns and the roots ofthe tule, of which also their huts are maAc."— Memoirs , page 
 ^60. The " tule " is Scirpus lactistris, variety occidenialis. 
 
 Another writer who has lived among these Indians, says : "Pine-nuts, acorns and roots are all 
 pounded up together in a mortar. The flour is then made into a paste and thrown into a hole scooped 
 out amongst the ashes of a hot fire," etc. * * * in case of birds, rabbits, fish, etc., " without remov- 
 ing feathers, hair or scales, they are plastered over with mud, then buried in the fire. When the cook 
 thinks the meat done it is raked out, the baked mud easily dropping off and taking the feathers or hair 
 and skin with it."— Tourists' Guide to S. Cat., p. 192. By G. Wharton James. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 23 
 
 favorite food was the kernel of a species of plum, which grows in the moun- 
 tains and islands. It is sometimes called the mountain cherry, although it 
 partook little of either, having a large stone wrapped in fiber and possessing 
 little pulp.^^ Chia, which is a small, gray, oblong seed, was procured from 
 a plant apparently of the thistle kind, having a number of seed vessels on a 
 straight stalk, one above the other, like sage.f This, roasted and ground, 
 made a meal which was eaten, mixed with cold water, being of a glutinous 
 consistence and very cooling. Pepper seed (chilis) were also used ; likewise 
 the tender tops of wild sage. Salt was used sparingly, as they considered 
 it as having a tendency to turn the hair gray. All their food was eaten 
 cold or nearly so." 
 
 In addition to what Hugo Reid says above, it appears from other writers 
 that they also used prickly pears (fruit of the broad-leaved cactus), the suc- 
 culent water cress, the root of some species of flag, wild barley (or wild oats, 
 avena fatud) and various kinds of grass seeds — besides birds' eggs, of which 
 a healthy quail usually lays from twelve to twenty in a season ; and thus it 
 will be seen that the range of their dietary was not so very limited after all. 
 They also used the native wild berries, some varieties of which are passably 
 edible, as I have myself tested. These are, blackberries ; one species of 
 gooseberries ; nightshade berries ; some portions of the elderberry crop ; 
 manzanita berries ; grapes ; canyon bush cherries. 
 
 The next historic point in regard to these Pasadenaland Indians is the 
 founding of a Mission among them. 
 
 THE INDIAN RELIGION. 
 
 The native Indians of Pasadenaland were very religious, in their rude way, 
 and that accounts for their being so early and so easily brought under the 
 religious influence of the Mission Fathers. Several of the pioneer mission- 
 aries, as Junipero Serra, Crespi, Boscana, and others have left some accounts 
 of the religious ideas and customs of these aborigines, besides such secular 
 writers as Gov. Fages, Plugo Reid, etc. In the Thompson & West " His- 
 tory of lyos Angeles County," on page 15, J. Albert Wilson summarizes the 
 matter in perhaps as fair shape as it can well be done in so brief a space ; 
 and as this summary applies in particular to the Indian predecessors 125 
 years ago of the church-going people of Pasadena to-day, I make free to 
 quote it : 
 
 " They believed in one God, the Creator, whose name — " Qua-o-ar, " 
 was rarely spoken, and never save in a low and reverend voice. They 
 usually referred to him by one of his attributes, " Y-yo-ha-ring-nain " — 
 "The Giver of lyife." They had but one word for life and soul. Their 
 theology knew no devil, and no hell, prior to the advent of the missionaries ; 
 and they have ever since maintained that these, being a foreign innovation, 
 
 *This wild cherry grows abundantly in the West San Gabriel and intratuontane Arroyo Seco 
 canyons ; and during the last week of October, 1S91, myself and wife and H. N. Farey and wife camping 
 there, ate freely of it, both stewed and raw, and found it quite palatable, with a distinct cherryish flavor 
 when fully ripe. 
 
 frhis " shafted-ball thistle " I have seen growing abundantly near Monrovia and through the valley 
 eastward ; it is also found about Pasadena. It is the Salvia coliimbariae of botany, a species of sage, 
 although prickly like a thistle. ' 
 
:>4 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 concerned the foreigners onl}'. They looked for no resurrection of the 
 body, but firmly believed in a spiritual existence after death. The souls of 
 wizards were supposed to enter animals — especially bears. — [Hence they 
 would not eat bear meat. — En.] And eagles, owls, crows, and porpoises 
 were held sacred, -i^ =i= * Each village had its church [worship place], 
 woven of basket-work, and circular in form. This building was sacred ever, 
 3-et was consecrated anew whenever used. A similar but unconsecrated 
 building served for rehearsal, and the religious education of youth designed 
 for the priesthood. Only seers and captains, male dancers and female sing- 
 ers (all of whom took part in the service) were permitted to enter the con- 
 secrated church except on funeral occasions, when near relatives of the 
 deceased were also admitted. The services consisted in asking vengeance on 
 enemies, returning thanks for victory, and rehearsing the merits of dead 
 heroes; together with the appropriate dances, songs, and gesticulations." 
 
 MISSION INCIDENTS. 
 
 The original San Gabriel Mission ["Old Mission"] was founded Sep- 
 tember 8th, 1 77 1, The first baptism was that of a child, November 27th ; 
 and the whole number of baptisms during the first two years was only 73. 
 This was deemed poor success ; and in reporting on it Father Junipero Serra 
 attributed it largely to the bad conduct of the soldiers. He complained that 
 " the soldiers refused to work, paid no attention to the orders of their worth- 
 less corporal, drove away the natives by their insolence, and even pursued 
 them to their rancherias [villages], where they lassoed women for their lust 
 and killed such males as dared to interfere." [See Bancroft, Hist. Cal., 
 Vol. I, p. 181.] And Hugo Reid says of these Indians : "Women used by 
 the soldiers were obliged to undergo a long purification ; and for a long 
 time every child bom with white blood in its veins was strangled."* They 
 refused to eat any food given them by white men but buried it in the earth. 
 Brown sugar they thought to be the excrement of these new comers ; and 
 cheese they thought was dead men's brains. The padres wanted to convert 
 the Indians to Christianity as they viewed it, while the soldiers wanted to 
 conquer and enslave them. 
 
 Another report at the end of 1773, says : "At vSan Gabriel the native 
 population is larger than elsewhere — so large in fact that more than one 
 Mission will be needed in that region. [Hence the San Fernando Mission, 
 which was established September 8th, i797.^Ed.] The different rancherias 
 [villages] are unfortunately at war with each other, a,nd that near the Mis- 
 sion [San Gabriel] being prevented from going to the sea for fish, is often in 
 great distress for food.f Here the conduct of the soldiers causes most trouble ; 
 but the natives are rapidly being conciliated." — \Hist. Cal., lol. i, p. 202.] 
 
 •It is related that during: Friar Zalvidea's incumbency, from tSo6 to 1826, every woman who had the 
 misfortune to have a miscarriage, or bring forth a still-born child, was presumed to have destroyed it 
 on purpose because it had a white man as its father, and she was therefore severely punished for 
 infanticide. Her head was shaved, she was flogged once a dav for fifteen days, compelled to wear iron 
 on her feet, and to sit on the altar steps at church every Sunday for three n'lonths holding in her arms 
 a hideously painted wooden image of a child. This was "doing penance"' for her sin.—Str //is/. Los 
 A Co.,p. js- L^'vis'i, iSS'j. 
 
 t " The Ahapchingns were a clan or rancheria between Los Angeles and San Juan Capistrano, and 
 enemies of the Gabrielenos or those of San Gabriel."— Ca/. Farmer, May 11, iSoo : cited in " Native 
 /iaces," p. 460. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 2$ 
 
 That word " conciliated " simply means that the male Indians who had 
 spirit enough to resist the outrages of the soldiers had either been killed or 
 had fled to the mountains ; those remaining were cowed down and passively 
 submitting to their fate. There was indeed an occasional revolt ; and the 
 old records abound in accounts of floggings, shootings, banishments, sen- 
 tence to exceptionally hard labor, recapture of fugitive Indians, shaving of 
 heads, iron on feet, men (and sometimes a man and woman) chained 
 together by the leg, etc. Hence it would appear that these natives were not 
 so tame and unspirited a race as is commonly supposed,* for they did make 
 all the resistance that was possible for them to make with their crude 
 resources against the superior discipline, weapons and intelligence of the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 THE NAMING OF SAN PASQUAL, RANCHO. 
 
 Some time during 1774-75 the San Gabriel Mission was moved from 
 the original site on the banks of the river to its present location ; but some- 
 time before the removal one of the "conversions " or baptisms was that of 
 the old chief, Hahamovic, who had furnished food to Governor Portola's 
 famished party in January, 1770. He was christened by the name of 
 Pascual [spelled with a "c" in Spanish but "q " in English]. This was a 
 name of common occurrence in Spanish usage ; but its special adaptation to 
 him is supposed to have been suggested from the vast and brilliant popp}' 
 fields within or bordering on his tribal territory, and which the Spaniards 
 had poetically termed the glorious altar cloth of Holy Easter [San Pascual]. 
 At any rate, he was christened " Pascual," and being the hereditary chief 
 of his clan, he was known to the Spaniards as " Pascual el Capitan." and 
 his people as the "Pascual Indians." Nevertheless, the Rancho San Pas- 
 cual in its distinctive character as a rancho, did not take its name from him, 
 as some writers have supposed — but. as I have narrated elsewhere, it was 
 given as a land grant by the Mission authorities to Eulalia Perez de Guillen ; 
 and as the formal assignment of the land to her occurred on Easter Daj' 
 [San Pascual in Spanish] therefore this bodj' of land or rancho was called the 
 San Pascual or Easter Day ranch. This was alter the Mission lands were 
 threatened to be secularized and Mission rule broken up, in 1S26-27 ; but as 
 her claim became forfeited, it does not appear in the official records of title 
 to the ranch. [For full account see Chap. 3.] 
 
 The "Tourists' Guide to South California," page 19-20, gives a pretty 
 complete list of civilized occupations in which our San Pasqual Indians, 
 along with others, were trained, manj- of them becoming xoxy skillful work- 
 men This list has a special historic interest as relating to the intelligence 
 and tractability of these Indians, and is at the same time useful to the 
 English reader for explaining the Spanish terms ; hence I quote it here : 
 
 "Of this rude, ignorant, useless, savage population the padres made 
 
 *This will explain why the old stone mill below foot of Lake avenue was built to sers-e as a fortress, 
 in case of a possible revolt and siege by the Indians. 
 
26 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 silleros (saddlers), herreros (blacksmiths), sastres (tailors), molineros (mill- 
 ers), panaderos (bakers), plateros (silversmiths), toneleros (coopers), carga- 
 dores (freighters), valeros (candle makers), vendemiadores (vintagers), 
 caldereros (coppersmiths), zapateros (shoemakers), sombrereros (hatters), 
 comfeleros de panocha (makers of panocha ), guitareros (guitar makers), 
 arrieros (muleteers), alcaldes (judges), mayordomos (overseers), rancheros 
 (ranchmen), medicos (doctors), pastores (shepherds), cordileros (rope- 
 makers), lenyadores (woodcutters), pentores (painters), esculores (sculptors), 
 albanilos (masons), toreadores (toreadors), acolitos (acolytes), canteros 
 (stonecutters), sacristanos (sacristans), campaneros (bellringers), cocineros 
 (cooks), cantores (singers), musicos (musicians), cazadores (hunters), jabon- 
 eros (soapmakers), curtidores (tanners), tegidores (weavers), tigeros (tile 
 makers), bordodores (embroiderers), piscatores (fishermen), marineros 
 (sailors), vinteros (winemakers), caporales (corporals), habradores (farmers), 
 vaqueros (cattle herders), llaveros (turnkeys), doraadores (horse tamers), 
 barberos (barbers), cesteros (basket makers), and carpenteros (carpenters). 
 * * * Such a host of skilled workers and producers were developed by 
 the sagacious training of the savages by the padres." 
 
 INDIAN SWEAT HOUSE. 
 
 Pasadena's "Sheep Corral Springs" seem to have been a favorite 
 point and place of resort among the Indians. When our colonists first came 
 here there were some remains of a small old adobe house on the flat a short 
 distance above the springs, at the foot of Hanaford's blufi', and an old water 
 ditch ran from the Arroyo bed out toward the house and down through the 
 same rich bottom land that is now in use there by Byron O. Clark 
 as a blackberry orchard, but the ancient adobe and ditch have 
 entirely disappeared. At that time (1874) there were some pumpkin 
 vines and other vegetables still occupying the ground, from seed of 
 former cultivation. John W. Wilson, I. N. Mundell, and others 
 remember noticing the old adobe walls and water ditch, but had 
 no idea when or by whom they were made. And Mr. Wilson says when he 
 first came here, in 1871, there was a similar water ditch on the w^est side of 
 the Arroyo bottom a short distance above Devil's Gate, and another one a 
 little way above his adobe ranch house opposite the end of Logan street, 
 where he resided about twenty years. These ditches, however, were long 
 ago filled up and obliterated by vegetable growths and by sand wash from 
 rains or overflow. They were only remnants of the improvements made by 
 Carlos Hanewald and John Pine in 1850-51, who had bought from Don 
 Manuel Garfias a mile square of land for $2,000, at 48 per cent interest. 
 [See article on " Complete Chain of Title of the Ranch. "] 
 
 A man known as Don Geo. Walter, who was orderl}' sergeant in Capt. 
 B. D. Wilson's U. S. company of California soldiers in the Mexican war, 
 (all captured and made prisoners in a fight at the Chino ranch house in Sep- 
 tember, 1846,) told some of our colony people that the Indians formerly had 
 a "sweat house " or Temescal here at the Sheep Corral springs. This was 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADNIAN. 27 
 
 a sort of aboriginal Turkish-bath process, peculiar to the South Cahfornia 
 Indians, for the cure of rheumatism and sundry other ailments, and was un- 
 doubtedly the pioneer sanitarium of Pasadena, which has been so prohfic of 
 such institutions in these later years. This native sweat-house or hot bath 
 was operated thus: A hole was dug in the ground deep and large enough 
 for a man to sit there in the squat posture and have it filled with water up 
 to his waist. Over this was built a booth or hut of tules, having a small 
 doorway that could be closed with a mat of woven rushes or some animal 
 skin. This hole was filled with water, and from a fire outside hot stones 
 were put into it until it was just as hot as the human body could endure, 
 then the patient sat down in it and the door was closed, but an occasional hot 
 stone was added to the water to produce steam and make him sweat freely. 
 The patient was kept there about an hour. After he had been thoroughly 
 sweated and almost par-boiled, he must rush out and dive head foremost in- 
 to a ditch filled with cold water deep enough for him to go entirely under, 
 then get out and take a lively run for a mile or two, when the blood would 
 go rushing through the system like a race horse and the patient would feel 
 as fine as a fresh-tuned piano. Sergeant Walter said he once went through 
 the process there himself with the Indians ; but once was enough for him. 
 This adventure of Walter's was probably before 1846 ; and the Indians 
 may have had a ditch or sluice there for their sweat-house business which 
 was afterward utilized by Hanewald and Pine in 1850, in their search for 
 placer gold deposits in this Arroyo sandwash. 
 
 THE INDIANS AFTER MISSION RULE WAS BROKEN UP. 
 
 When the Missions were broken up and their lands sold by the Mexi- 
 can government in 1835-36-37, most of these Indians were left landless and 
 helpless, notwithstanding some grants made to them. Some of them worked 
 for white people, and had some sort of a dwelling place and familyhood on 
 the ranch where they worked ; while others huddled together in fragments 
 of tribes among the canyons and mountains, gaining a scant livelihood by 
 stealing, begging, chopping wood, grubbing greasewood, etc. Even as late 
 as 1884-85 the fine body of land now known as lyinda Vista was called "In- 
 dian Flat" because it had been for many years occupied by one of these 
 fragmental Indian settlements ; and there was another one in a little nook or 
 canyon up between L,a Canyada* and Crescenta Canyada ; besides single 
 families occasionally found in out-of-the-way places ; and all living in rude 
 huts made of sticks, bushes, tule stalks, rushes, and perhaps some fragments 
 of boards, old matting, bits of threadbare carpet, and other rubbish which 
 they had picked up. 
 
 *An old Spanish Mexican at Pasadena was asked what " Cauyada " meant. He put his hands to- 
 gether, then opened them a little at their thumb side, making a narrow trough shape, and said — " can- 
 yone! canyone! " Then opening the trough much wider, he said " canyada! canyada! " So canj'ada is 
 simply a large wide canyon. 
 
28 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 Fanisvvorth's book entitled "A Southern California Paradise," page 17, 
 in speaking of results wheu the Mission lands were secularized and the civil 
 rule of the priests broken up, says : 
 
 "The Indians were given certain portions of land, and remained at the 
 Mission, working for the white settlers, until 1862-63, when the small-pox 
 broke out and spread rapidly among them. The few Indians that escaped 
 were so effectually frightened that they betook themselves to the mountains 
 near San Bernardino, where thej^ have since continued." 
 
 As to their peculiar skill in basket work, the American Naturalist, 
 1875. P- 598, saj^s: 
 
 "In Utah, Arizona, Southern California, and New Mexico the Indians 
 depend solely on the Rhus Aroraatica, var. tribola (squawberry) for material 
 out of which to make their baskets. It is far more durable and tougher 
 than the willow, which is not used by these Indians. * * Baskets made 
 thus are very durable, will hold water, and are often used to cook in." 
 
 Hugo Reid mentions twenty-four principal ranches which had formerly 
 been lands belonging to the San Gabriel Mission, and among them are San 
 Pasqual, Santa Anita, Azusa, Cucamonga, Chino, San Jose and Puente. 
 The domain of this Mission extended from the Arroyo Seco eastward to the 
 desert, and from the mountains to the sea. 
 
 Prof. C. F. Holder, in "All About Pasadena," says : 
 "In 1852 a report was made by the Hon. B. D. Wilson to the Depart- 
 ment of the Interior, to the effect that there was then in Santa Barbara, Tu- 
 lare, Los Angeles, and San Diego counties, about fifteen thousand Indians, 
 comprising the Tularenos, Cahuillas, San Luisenos, and Diegenos. Thirty 
 years later another report was made showing a decrease of ten thousand ; the 
 remaining five thousand are fast disappearing."* 
 
 In the same work, page 68-69, Prof. Holder again says : 
 "The Giddings ranch [at mouth of Millard canyon] is the site of an ex- 
 tremely old settlement ; and for years objects of various kinds, mostly old 
 and broken, have been plowed up. They were generally flat, shallow mor- 
 tars, [metates] of a dark stone, with short, flat grinding or mealing stones. 
 In following the plow of Mr, Giddings I have seen pieces of mortars or 
 pestles thrown up every few moments, showing that large numbers must 
 have been left here ; and as they were buried a foot or more below the sur- 
 face, it is evident that they were older than many others found upon the sur- 
 face. The old town was situated at what is now the beginning of the road 
 leading down into Millard canyon ; t and the assumption is that the women 
 went up into the canyon to collect acorns, which were brought down to the 
 village to be ground. Every year at plowing time, which comes between" 
 November and Christmas, specimens are unearthed. -'' * '■''' Also on the 
 San Rafael ranch, opposite the west end of California street, many interest- 
 ing specimens have been found ; and the author has picked them up in var- 
 ious parts of the city. P'ew of the older residents but possess a collection of 
 some size." 
 
 ♦In some streets of this little city [Los Angeles, 185^] almost every house is a grog shop for In- 
 diaus." — Ji. D. IVthon's Report as Indian Ai^cnt. 
 
 tSee article entitled " A pirate prisoner in the Pasadena mountains." 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 29 
 
 INDIAN HORSE-EATERS IN PASADENA. TWO WHITE MEN KILLED. 
 
 Judge Eaton has narrated for this History the following incidents : 
 "When I first came out here Don Manuel Garfias told me that I would 
 be exposed to incursions during the spring, from the Pah ute Indians, who 
 were in the habit of coming in through the mountain passes to steal horses 
 to eat. They employed no skill in catching them, but relied upon such an- 
 imals as they might find at the end of a picket rope ; or slipping quietly 
 upon a band when lying down in the night, and lassoing one whil€ sleeping. 
 I had been at Fair Oaks only long enough to get a pair of bronchos trained 
 to drive in a buggy, when without any notice whatever, their picket ropes 
 were cut close to the pickets and the horses taken. They were within a 
 hundred yards of my house, but the thing was done so still and sly that 
 they did not alarm the household. I started out a couple of Mexican boys 
 on their trail and in an hour they returned with one animal that they caught by 
 the picket rope. After breakfast I despatched a boy to B. D. Wilson's but 
 on his wa)^ down he saw the other three horses coming from the Santa 
 Anita ranch full tilt, with their picket ropes trailing behind them. They 
 did not stop until they got into one of the ranch bands, and the boy drove 
 them all up to my corral. This was Monday. On Wednesday night I took 
 them out after dark and hid them in a belt of oak timber, back of the house. 
 The next morning two of them, a pair of handsome grays, were gone. I 
 mounted one of the Mexicans on a horse and sent him in pursuit. He 
 traced them into Santa Anita canyon, but having no arms he was afraid to 
 go farther and returned. After a lapse of so much time it was useless to 
 prosecute the search, as the Indians had probably killed the horses when 
 they got fairly into the mountains, and packed off the meat on their backs, 
 [This was in 1865. — Ed.] The summer following there came onto the ranch 
 a band of desert Cahuillas, ten bucks and one squaw. They made head- 
 quartos near the base of the mountains, never showing themselves in the 
 daytime, and making nightly raids on the neighboring settlers, carrying off 
 calves that they found in the corrals. I saw their tracks occasionally, but 
 apprehended no danger from them, though I felt a little anxiety about my 
 family during the day, when I was absent in the canyon, and not a soul 
 nearer than three miles upon whom they could call for assistance. At that 
 time an old man, Sam Kramer, had charge of Dr. Griffin's stock of brood 
 mares and colts, and lived in the old ranch house. One day, I think it was 
 in May, the man who at the time had charge of the Stoneman place, came 
 along accompanied b}' a friend of his from Los Angeles, and asked Kramer 
 if he would not join them in a bee-hunt up the Arroyo Seco. As he could 
 not join them they rode on, and that was the last time they were seen alive. 
 The next day as Kramer was riding over the ranch looking after his stock, 
 he discovered in one of the bands a horse with saddle and bridle on. Driving 
 the band to the corral he found that the horse was the same one ridden by 
 his neighbor the day before, and the saddle was covered with blood. Im- 
 mediately notifying the family and summoning assistance, they commenced 
 a search for the body of the missing man. Following the tracks of the bee- 
 hunters up the bed of the Arroyo, to a point opposite the west end of Cali- 
 fornia street, they found a deserted Indian camp. The occupants had ap- 
 parently left in haste, dropping an old soldier coat, and a small bag of pan- 
 ole, (parched corn ground or pounded into meal.) 
 
 "Following the horse tracks which indicated that their riders were 
 
30 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 making all possible speed, they were led up into the thick brush upon the 
 eastern bank of the Arro3'^o. Half way up the hill they encountered the 
 body of one of the victims, stark dead. An arrow pierced his heart to the 
 center. Upon withdrawing it they found the arrow head was of glass. 
 They then remembered that they had seen at the camp just left, the rem- 
 nants of a black bottle out of which the Indians had been constructing 
 arrow heads. The body had not been molested in any way. The dead man 
 had a Derringer pistol in his hand which had been recenth' discharged. 
 The other-man could not be found, but on the following daj^ his horse and 
 bloody saddle entered one of the ranch herds, and the search was continued, 
 with the result that not far from the spot where the first man was found lay 
 the body of his companion. He had been killed by a .single arrow piercing 
 the heart, but entering at the back. This arrow was also pointed with a 
 head made of black gla.ss. These are two of the most remarkable arrow shots 
 ever heard of. The body of this man had not been disturbed either. In 
 his hand was a revolver with one barrel freshly discharged, and in his 
 pocket was found nearly $40. It was evident therefore that the object was 
 not robbery. The mystery attending this tragedy was never thoroughly ex- 
 plained. The theory was that these men, coming suddenly upon the band 
 of apparently wild Indians, (for thej^ wore no clothes but breech- 
 clouts, no hats, and were armed with bows and arrows,) attacked them with 
 their pistols. The Indians returned the fire with the results already told. 
 They suddenly left for their homes in the mountains of the desert country. 
 Only one man ever saw them, and from him I obtained a description of the 
 band but too late to pursue them. 
 
 "Two years after the above occurrence the people around the outskirts 
 of San Bernardino were annoyed by frequent thefts of calves from their cor- 
 rals. A party started in pursuit of the marauders, and overtaking them 
 before they reached their mountain home, captured them and gave them a 
 drum-head court-martial and executed them on the spot. Indians, after they 
 find there is no escape from death, boast of the scalps they have taken, so 
 now did the chief of this party boast of having killed two white men in the 
 Arroyo Seco a couple of years before. And that is all we ever learned of 
 this remarkable event." 
 
 HELEN HUNT JACKSON'S WORK. 
 
 Hon. Abbott Kinney, in the Pasadena Valley U?iion of September 5, 
 1885, speaking of the then recent death of Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson, who 
 was associated with him on the U. S. Indian Commission, says : 
 
 "Helen Hunt Jackson was a woman of warm heart, poetic insight, and 
 large cultivation. Her sympathies were wide enough to have a place for 
 every one in distress whom she knew. She was as much at home and as 
 welcome at the scanty fireside of the hovel as in the palace of the rich. The 
 Mission Indians of vSouthern California, for the most part an industrious and 
 much injured people, have much to thank Mrs. Jackson for in the improved 
 condition of their land tenures, their good schools, and the more intelligent 
 course of the government toward them. Her poems, novels and essays 
 have been widely read ; many of them are of a high order of merit, and 
 some of her poems are gems, true to nature, simple and touching, that have 
 in them the qualities of perpetual endurance. " Ramona " is her last great 
 work. It has been well said that it is by far the best novel ever written 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 3 1 
 
 with the scene laid in California, and it is properly a California novel. It is 
 a poem in prose, and is of universal interest, as it deals with the true and 
 simple feelings of humanity. Every incident in this book is founded on 
 fact. From the ejectment at Temecula to the killing of the husband and 
 acquittal of his murderer, the basis of every statement is susceptible of 
 proof. ' ' 
 
 WHY NO INDIAN GRAVES AT PASADENA ? 
 
 In alettertomejuly II, 1894, Prof. C. F. Holder raised this question, and 
 I quote his remarks : 
 
 " One question has interested me greatly — where did the San Gabriel 
 Indians bury their dead ? I have never found a skeleton, nor heard of one 
 being found. Graves are common at Catalina and Santa Barbara ; but a 
 Pasadena place of Indian burial has not been found." 
 
 The answer is that cremation was practised by our Indians. J.Taylor's 
 Indianology, cited in the California Farmer oi ^w.n^ 8, i860, says : "From 
 north to south in the present California up to the Columbia river, they burnt 
 the dead in some tribes and in others buried them." 
 
 In Schoolcraft's Archaeology, Vol. 3, page 112, Gibbs reports from the 
 Pacific coast Indians : ' ' The body is consumed upon a scaffold built over a 
 hole, into which the ashes are thrown and covered." 
 
 Father Geronimo Boscana, who served as a missionary among the 
 Indians of Southern California nearly 30 years, and died at San Gabriel 
 July 5, 1831, left a MSS. account of these Indians in Spanish, which was 
 translated by Alfred Robinson, a Boston man, who was in California as a 
 trade manager and traveler from February, 1829, until 1845 ; and it was 
 published by Wiley & Putnam, New York, in 1846, as an appendix to Rob- 
 inson's own work, entitled " I^ife in California." On the matter in question 
 Father Boscana, at page 239, says : " The bodies of their dead were imme- 
 diately burnt." Again, page 268: "The parents of the deceased were 
 permitted afterwards to take possession of the body and perform the accus- 
 tomed ceremony of burning it." And yet again, page 314, he says : "Pre- 
 parations were made for his sepulture or the burning of his body ; -1= * ^c 
 they bore the corpse to the place of sacrifice, where it was laid upon the 
 faggots. Then the friends of the deceased retired, and the "burner" set 
 fire to the pile, and remained near the spot until all was consumed to 
 ashes." 
 
 Hugo Reid gives a somewhat different account. He says : 
 
 " When a person died all the kin collected to lament his or her loss. 
 * * * This was continued until the body showed signs of decay, when 
 it was wrapped up in its covering with the hands across the breast and tied 
 from head to foot. A grave having been dug in their burial place, the body 
 was interred according to the means of the family, etc. If deceased was the 
 head of a family or a fa-^^orite son, the hut was set fire to, in which he died, 
 and all of his goods and chattels burned with it." 
 
32 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Father Boscana was a pioneer missionary among these Indians, while 
 Reid wrote from hearsaj^ long after they had become partly Christianized. 
 
 Governor Pages [1771] and various other writers, give varying accounts 
 of burial practice. But taking all the testimony in the case, and the cir- 
 cumstantial evidence besides, I am safe in stating that our Pasadena abo- 
 rigines burned their dead ; and so that is why no graves or skeletons have 
 ever been found, nor an^^ general place of sepulture. The fact is, when the 
 "hut' ' was burned the body was burned with it. And in other cases the body 
 was laid on a hurdle of sticks and brush over a hole in the ground, as Gibbs 
 reports, and as the body and brushwood consumed together they dropped 
 into the hole, and things belonging to the deceased were then thrown in 
 also, and the cavity filled up. This was the grave, and this is how it 
 happens that a metate or some other stone relic is occasionally found ' ' three 
 or four feet down," as Prof. Holder says in his letter given in another chap- 
 ter, while ordinarily these things are covered so shallow with vegetable 
 mould, or drifted sand and dust, that they are turned up by the farmer's 
 plow, which usually cuts only from six to ten inches deep. 
 
 "Old Francesca," who was born at Los Nietos in 1794, and is still living 
 as a resident of Pasadena, told me on September 23rd, 1894, that she had 
 always understood that ' ' the Indians here burned their dead, before they 
 became Christians ; " but she had never seen it done herself. 
 
 Senora Lopez also related an incident of an Indian coming to life again 
 in the San Gabriel church while they were preparing to bury him, some 
 time during Father Sanchez's administration. He was an old man, a wood- 
 chopper ; his bod}^ had been prepared for burial and left in the church over 
 night. The next day at the hour set for the funeral his relatives and the 
 people and priest went in to complete the burial service and lay him away 
 in the graveyard north of the church. But now to their astonishment and 
 fright he raised up, and said faintly in the Indian language, " Mamma, I 
 want some water." He recovered and lived several years afterward. 
 Senora Lopez and old Francesca, then young women together at San 
 Gabriel, once asked him what he saw while he was dead, and he replied, 
 " Lights, lights — up high — and a pretty road ! — high, too high ! — I was 
 so tired — I couldn't go up, — so I had to come back ! — so tired ! ' ' 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 
 
 33 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The San Gabriel Mission. — Its successive padres. — Its trades and industries. — Claudio 
 Lopez, and other secular officers. — The story of the Mills. — ^Joseph Chapman, the 
 Yankee prisoner, in the Mount Lowe "Grand Canyon" — 1818. — Secularization of 
 the Mission. — Don Juan Bandini as administrator. — Earthquake in 181 2. — Ship 
 built there in 1831; etc., etc. 
 
 THE SAN GABRIEL MISSION. 
 
 The old Mission church at San Gabriel has so much historic interest to 
 Pasadena people and our tourist visitors, and is so closely connected with 
 the old Rancho San Pasqual, that I must give a few points of its history here 
 in consecutive order : 
 
 Photo fu 
 OLD STONE CHURCH, SAN GABRIEL, 
 Which was in process of erection from 1790 to 1808. 
 
 ■Land of Sunshine," Sept.. Is'.H. 
 
 On September 8th, 1771, the San Gabriel Mission was first established, 
 by padres Angel Somera and Pedro Cambon, on the west bank of the river 
 which had been up to this time called Rio San Miguel, but from that date 
 was called Rio San Gabriel. '^^ The site was what is still called "Old Mis- 
 sion", and an Indian village called in their language hanthcog-na, stood 
 close by. 
 
 In 1772 Somera and Cambon retired and Padres Paterna and Antonio 
 Cruzado took charge, the latter remaining until October 12, 1804. 
 
 *J. Albert Wilson in his " History of Los Angeles Co." published in 1880 by Thompson & West, 
 says this river was first called "Rio d'e los Teniblores", and many other writers have followed him. 
 But it is an entire mistake, for that name was applied only to the Santa Ana river, unless by mistake. 
 
34 HISTORY OF PA.SADKNA. 
 
 In September, 1775, padre Francisco Miguel Sanchez took Paterna's 
 place, and remained until July 27, 1803, when he died. Padre Calzada 
 was also here until 1792. 
 
 1792-93 : Padre Cristobal Oramas. 
 
 1794-96: Padre Juan Martin. 
 
 1798-99 : Padre Juan lyOpe Cortes. 
 
 July, 1797 to October, 1802: Padre Pedro de vSan Jose Ivsteban. 
 
 In 1775-76 the Mission was removed to its present location, the Indian 
 village of Sibag-na being near this site. An adobe structure was built here 
 for a church at first, but its walls cracked and became unsafe, and the pro- 
 ject of building a stone church was commenced. The records are strangely 
 and stupidly meager ; but it appears that in 1794 the stone church was about 
 half completed: and in 1800 it was still unfinished. {Hist. Cal., Vol. /, p. 
 66^.) Of the present location J. Albert Wilson writes : 
 
 "The site now occupied by the San Gabriel Mission buildings and the 
 adjacent village, was a complete forest of oaks, with considerable under- 
 wood. The water composing the lagoon of the mill (one and a half miles 
 distant) then lodged in a hollow near the Mission on the Los Angeles road. 
 This hollow was a complete thicket of sycamores, cottonwood, larch, ash, 
 and willow ; and was almost impassable from the dense undergrowth of 
 brambles, nettles, palmacristi, wild rose and wild vines. Cleared of these 
 encumbrances, this land (which then posses.sed a rich black soil, though 
 now a sandy waste) served to grow the first crops ever produced in Los An- 
 geles county. [Note. -This is a mistake, for some corn, beans, barley, and 
 garden stuff had been raised at Old Mission, before the removal — Ed.] 
 Near by stood the Indian village Sibag-7ia. Bears iiniumerable [?] prowled 
 about the dwellings, and deer sported in the neighborhood." — Thompson & 
 West Hist. Los A. Co., p. 20. 
 
 1802 to 1804 : Padre Isidoro Barcenilla. 
 
 In 1803-04, and again from 1806 to January 14, 181 1, when he died, 
 padre Francisco Dumetz was here. He had been forty years a missionary, 
 and was the last survivor in California of the original band that came here 
 with Father Junipero Serra, 
 
 1803 to 1813 : Padre Jose de Miguel. Then he went to vSan Fernando 
 Mission, and died there June 2, 18 14. 
 
 From August, 1804, to vSeptember, 1806: Padre Jose Antonio Urresti. 
 
 In 1806 Padre Jose Maria Zalvidea was placed in charge of this Mis- 
 sion ; and for twenty years he pushed its development and managed its af- 
 fairs with vigor and rigor and masterful ability. He was a severe and rigid 
 disciplinarian ; he worked hard himself and made everybody else work hard ; 
 some of his regulations, both religious and .secular, were diabolically harsh, 
 cruel and torturous; the Indians both male and female were reduced to a con- 
 dition of virtual slavery, under taskmasters armed with bulhvhips made from 
 strips of rawhide. Any show of resistance was punished with ruthless 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. 35 
 
 severity, until all Indians who had pluck and grit enough to rebel were 
 either killed, or escaped to the mountains or broken in spirit — for it must be 
 remembered that the Indians had only clubs, wooden spears, bows and ar- 
 rows, or stones for weapons, while the Spanish soldiers on guard duty at 
 the Missions had muskets ; and this is why so few could overcome and hold 
 in servitude so many. In fact the Indians at the Mission were not allowed 
 to keep in possession weapons of any sort. Nevertheless, Zalvidea's iron- 
 handed harshness of rule here was no worse than had been carried on by 
 Spanish ecclesiastics against heretics or heathens in Europe and Mexico and 
 South America, or by Americans in the slave-holding portions of the United 
 States prior to i860. Hence it is not for us to throw stones at this austere 
 padre. His policy resulted in a most brilliant and famous commercial suc- 
 cess for this particular Mission ; the blood and sweat of his enslaved 
 "neophytes " (the "converted " Indians were always thus called) was ver- 
 itably coined into money. He finished the stone church ; built the great 
 dam, saw mill and stone grist mill at Wilson lake ; brought water in ditches 
 from the San Gabriel river beyond Monrovia to irrigate field crops, orchards 
 and vineyards ; established numerous distinct mechanical trades to manu- 
 facture or prepare for market the products of flocks, herds, fields, and the 
 chase, and assigned Indians to each kind of work, with a taskmaster over 
 them ; carried on a large trade with ships at San Pedro from Mexico, South 
 America, Spain, United States and other countries, selling them hides, tal- 
 low, soap, candles, wines, grain, peltries, shoes, etc. But the settlers at lyos 
 Angeles, and the ranch people of the region round about, and the people of 
 other Missions, were also large purchasers from the San Gabriel work- 
 shops.* To give an idea of the extent of the business carried on by Zal- 
 videa (with the very efficient aid of his famous major domo, Claudio Lopez), 
 I have compiled a schedule of the different trades : 
 
 Butchers — Slaughter men, who killed, skinned and dressed beeves, 
 sheep, etc., separating the hides, tallow and meat to the different workers in 
 each article. Theodore Lopez pointed out to me the place on the banks of 
 the Arroyo west of the village where one hundred cattle were slaughtered 
 every Saturday as rations for the 3,000 to 4,000 Indians during the ensuing 
 week, when his grandfather was major domo there. 
 
 Hide-dressers — who prepared hides, sheepskins, deerskins, etc., for sale 
 or shipment. 
 
 Tallow-workers — who operated vast iron cauldrons procured from whal- 
 ing ships, for trying out tallow by the ton and running it into underground 
 brick vaults, some of which would hold a shipload of it in one solid mass, 
 keeping it there safe from becoming rancid or being stolen until some ship 
 
 * " The town of I,os Angeles was formally founded September 4, 1781— just ten years (less four days) 
 after the establishment of San Gabriel Mission. * * For many years afterward Los Angeles was but a 
 country' outpost of San Gabriel Mission : and its few people were always glad enough to visit the Mis- 
 sion, there to purchase its weekly siipplies, and witness the Sunday festis'ities.'' — 7. Cj' W. Hut Los A. 
 Co., p. 2^. 
 
36 IIISTORV OK PA.SADKNA.- 
 
 was ready to take a cargo of it ; then it was cut out in great blocks 
 and hauled on carts to San Pedro.* This work was carried on for many 
 years a few rods south of the present old Mission church just below the 
 S. P. R. R. track. In August, 1894, I found some remaining ruins of these 
 ancient tallow vaults still visible in the Bishop's orange orchard which is 
 enclosed by a high picket fence below the railroad. 
 
 Meatdriers — who prepared jerked beef, sun-dried, for local use and to 
 sell or trade. t The Indians preserved their meat in this way before the 
 Spaniards came. 
 
 Candlemakers — who made tallow dips for selling to ships and in the 
 general market. These were the staple articles for household or ship-light- 
 ing purposes at that time. 
 
 Soapmakers — Hogs were raised chiefly to furnish soap fat, as the In- 
 dians refused to eat hog meat, though the padres ate it,+ and the same caul- 
 drons and furnaces were used alternately for tallow rendering and soap boil- 
 ing. The ashes from these furnaces and from the brick and tile works, and 
 bake ovens, were used to leech lye for the soapmakers. 
 
 Tanners- — who made dressed leather, and also tanned skins and peltries 
 with hair or fur on. 
 
 Saddlers — The ranches furnished an immense market for these products 
 and it became an important industry ; for horse-back riding was then the 
 chief method of travel or movement in California. 
 
 Shoemakers — Shoes were made for the Mission people, although the 
 Indians mostly went barefooted ; and some were sold to the ranches and 
 town settlements, and to ships at San Pedro. 
 
 Sawmill Men — Prior to about 1810 or 1812, such lumber as was ab- 
 solutely necessary was provided either by hewing or splitting with axe, or 
 sawing by hand, with two men above and two in a pit below the log to 
 work the saw up and down ; i^ but now Zalvidea had the great dam built at 
 Wilson lake and a water-power sawmill erected below the dam, to provide 
 lumber for buildings, fences, carts, wine vats, candle and soap boxes, coop- 
 erage, etc., etc. And the labor of cutting and fetching logs, operating the 
 mill and delivering the lumber employed many men. 
 
 Grist Mill Me?i — Following or in connection with the building of the 
 
 *" The tallow he had laid down in large, arched stone vaults, of .sufficient capacity to contain several 
 cargoes." — Robinson's "Life in California" p. 35. This was at San Fernando Old Mission, in April, 
 1S29 ; and it had to be quarried out and hauled to San Pedro, the same as the San Gabriel stock. Davis 
 in his book, "Sixty Years in Caliroruia," says the tallow was sometimes run into bags made of hides 
 that would hold from 500 to 1000 pounds each. 
 
 \ " The best part of the bullock was preserved by drying, for future consumption." Sixty Yeai s in 
 California p. 36 Another writer of date November 23. iSiS, says: " My good mother was in a wagon 
 [cartl which had two hides for a floor and two more for a roof, where after supping on half-roasted 
 sh ips of dried meal without salt, she gathered around her her whole family," etc. 
 
 |"The Indians, with few exceptions, refuse to eat pork, alleging the whole hog family to be 
 transformed Spaniards. I find this belief current through every nation of I(;dians in Mexico." — 
 — Hugo Reid. 
 
 iJ" Old men rejoicinsr in the fame of witchcraft, he made sawyers of them all, keeping them like 
 hounds iu couples [chained], and so they worked, two above and two below in the \>\\.." — Hugo Reid . 
 Santa Anita Canyon derived its old nickname of " Saw-pit canyon," from this early practice. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 37 
 
 dam and sawmill at the lake, the stone grist mill was erected. Prior to this, 
 the Spanish people of the Mission had depended for their breadstuff on In- 
 dians who still used their old primitive metate and mealing-stone imple- 
 ments to supply meal for the entire Mission populace. But now, with a 
 water-power grist mill of their own, the first one ever built in California,* 
 they would be independent of the uncertain ship supplies from lyower Cali- 
 fornia or Mexico, and would make breadstuff for their own use and some to 
 sell. So hauling and handling the grain, operating the mill and delivering 
 the flour employed a distinct lot of both men and women. The mill pro- 
 duced only coarse unbolted meal, whether of wheat, corn, or barley, and this 
 was carried to store-rooms where Indian women put it through a rude pro- 
 cess of sifting, and so furnished some "sifted flour" for the Mission bakers. 
 [See article entitled "The Story of the Mills," farther on.] General John 
 Bidwell, a California pioneer of 1841, writing in the Century Magazirie oi 
 December, 1890, describes an Indian harvesting scene thus: 
 
 " Imagine three or four hundred wild Indians in a grain field, armed, 
 some with sickles, some with butcher knives, some with pieces of hoop iron 
 roughly fashioned into shapes like sickles, but many having only their 
 hands with which to gather by small handfuls the dry, brittle grain, and as 
 their hands would soon become sore, they resorted to dry willow sticks, 
 which were split to afford a sharper edge with which to sever the straw. But 
 the wildest part was the threshing. The harvest of weeks, sometimes of a 
 month, was piled up in the straw in the form of a mound in the middle of a 
 high, strong, round corral ; then three or four hundred wild horses were 
 turned in to thresh it by treading, the Indians whooping to make them run 
 faster. Suddenly they would dash in before the band at full speed, when 
 the motion became reversed, with the effect of plowing up the trampled 
 straw to the very bottom. In an hour the straw would be thoroughly 
 threshed and the dry straw broken almost into chaff. In this manner I have 
 seen two thousand bushels of wheat threshed in a single hour. Next came 
 the winnowing, which would often take another month. It could only be 
 done when the wind was blowing, by throwing high into the air shovelfuls 
 of the grain, straw and chaff, the lighter materials being wafted to one side 
 while the grain, comparatively clean, would descend and form a heap by it- 
 self. In this manner all the grain in California was cleaned. At that day 
 no such thing as a fanning mill had ever been brought to this coast." 
 
 Such scenes as the above were yearly enacted in the grain fields of San 
 Gabriel Mission, under padres Zalvidea and Sanchez. 
 
 Carpenters — This trade comprised wheelwrights, cartmakers, boxmakers 
 and fence builders, as well as those who did such woodwork as was necessary 
 about their buildings — laying floors, joists and rafters, putting in doors and 
 windows, making bench seats, and the like. Their "carretas " were great 
 clumsy ox carts with wheels made of blocks sawed or chopped off from the 
 end of a large round log, then a big hole bored, chiseled and burned through 
 
 *Davis, " Sixty Years in California," tells of a grist mill built at Yerba Buena [San Francisco] in 
 1839, and calls it theyfrj/ one in California. Big mistake, by twenty-five years at least. 
 
38 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 its center, enabling it to turn on a rude wooden axle, soap or tallow being 
 sometimes used for lubricants.* The making and repairing of these carts 
 for themselves and ranchers naade work for many men, besides the wheel- 
 wright work for the mills. 
 
 Blacksmiths — California native horses were tough hoofed, and horse- 
 shoeing was scarcely known at the Mission ; but carts and mill gears, and 
 plows, harrows, hoes, picks, shovels, etc., made business enough for this 
 trade. The blacksmiths had to provide their own coal, and hence this trade 
 included charcoal burners. 
 
 Brickyard M 671 — Making bricks and tiles was an important trade. I 
 found four arched chambers in the old stone mill, besides other parts, where 
 large square bricks were used of their own manufacture ; and also in the 
 ruins of the tallow vaults in the Bishop's orange orchard. The church was 
 originally roofed with thatch ; then with tiles, — but these proved too heavy, 
 broke down the rafters, and had to be changed for shingles ; and the stone 
 mill had a tile roof until Col. Kewen changed it in iSsQ.t In 1831 there 
 were in Los Angeles four houses roofed with tiles made by the Indians at 
 San Gabriel. 
 
 Masons — This included both brick and stone masons, and cement or 
 artificial stone artisans. Much of their artificial stone or cement work 
 stands yet, as hard as bed rock ; and there is a tradition that the old cement 
 ditch south of the church was made by mixing it with beeves' blood, which 
 is said to account for its extraordinary hardness as found by the railroad 
 graders when they had to cut through it. The Spanish, Irish and Chinese 
 workmen on the railroad grade all believed this bloody fable. 
 
 Limeburners — This trade was carried on quite extensively at the 
 cement quarry where the Lincoln Park reservoir in South Pasadena is now 
 built, right in the ancient lime pit of Father Zalvidea's " converted " Indian 
 limeburners. The cement for the Mission church, and for the stone dams 
 at Wilson lake and on Rose's ranch, and for the stone mill, the later cement 
 ditch and mill-pit ruins south of the church, and for other works, was all 
 obtained at this Lincoln Park quarry. 
 
 Spinners and Weavers — The women were almost entirely assigned to 
 this trade, taking the raw wool and carrying it by hand methods through 
 all the stages of carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, until it came out as 
 cloth or shawls from the looms. 
 
 Tailors and Dressmakers This was also a trade for women. They 
 
 *" The wheels of these carts were a foot wide, made oi sections of oak logs, never cjuite round or of 
 uniform thickness, running on equally clumsy axles which were never in the center of the wheel, nor at 
 right angles with the sides Age and wear added to these imperfections, and the wheels when in motion 
 made a tortuous track. As for some reason, or perhaps for no reason at all, these wheels were never 
 lubricated, they made a wonderfully plaintive noise as tliev rolled along. This was the only wheeled 
 conveyance seen on the coast as late as 1S40." — DTtrland ^lonllily, March, /S^^. p. 260. 
 
 tSome portion of the old roof was asphalt. The early Spaniards had some knowledge of the uses 
 of this material ; and its existence here is mentioned in the reportsof Gov. Portola's first visit, 1769-70. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 39 
 
 made all the garments for men, women and children of the work people;* 
 for it must be borne in mind all the time that all these Indian people, num- 
 bering at one period as high as 4,000, were dependent on Father Zalvidea 
 or Father Sanchez, for all their clothing and food, and could only have what 
 he allowed them. This Mission was at this time a perfect ecclesiastical 
 monarchy, or padrearchy. 
 
 Vintners — This included vinedressers and winemakers. 
 
 Coopers — This trade alone was kept in the hands of white men (just 
 why, I do not know), while all the others were carried on by Indians under 
 taskmasters. 
 
 Woodsmen — These were wood-choppers, and those who made shakes 
 [split shingles], rived out the undressed staves for wine casks and barrels, 
 hewed building timbers, worked in the sawpits, and all such work as was 
 done in the mountains or canyons where the timber grew. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there were task classes of cattle herders, 
 horse herders, sheep herders, agriculturists, orchardists, teamsters, besides 
 bakers, cooks, pages, poulterers and other domestic trades. And thus it will 
 be seen that the man who could systematically develop and supervise all 
 these works, govern the entire Mission territory, acquire the Indian language 
 so as to write and preach in it, and at the same time attend to his daily and 
 weekly duties as a priest, was a man of real genius and extraordinary execu- 
 tive talent. And such was Father Zalvidea, who ruled at San Gabriel from 
 1806 to 1826 ; then he was sent to San Juan Capistrano where he remained 
 until 1842, when he was sent to San Luis Rey Mission, and died there early 
 in 1846 — probably in February. 
 
 18 13-14 : Padre lyuis Gil y Taboada, commonly known as " Father Gil." 
 He is mentioned as going from San Gabriel to dedicate the new church at 
 the Plaza in Los Angeles, December 8, 1822 ; but whether he had been at 
 San Gabriel all this time I did not find out. (Father Gil, in August, 18 14, 
 laid the corner stone for a church at Los Angeles; but that building never 
 was erected any farther.) 
 
 From March, 18 14, to December 30, 1821 (the date of his death), padre 
 Joaquin Pascual Nuez. 
 
 1 82 1 to 1826 thence to 1833, padre Jose Bernardo Sanchez. 
 
 From 1826 to July, 5, 1831, when he died, padre Geronimo Boscana, 
 who wrote the account of Indian myths, traditions and religious beliefs 
 that was translated by Alfred Robinson and published under the title of 
 " Chinigchinich, " as an appendix to Robinson's own chapters on " Life in 
 California," published in 1846. 
 
 *The spinning, weaving and tailoring women were in charge of Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first 
 owner of Rancho San Pasqual. She instructed them, cut out the garments, aud had a general oversight 
 of their work. She was cashier or paymaster of the Mission; she kept the keys of the storehouses and 
 dealt out the weekly rations. She also had charge of the money room where little bag? of silver dollars 
 were piled up all around as high as she could reach ; and all disbursements of money were made by her 
 on order of the chief padre ; and she kept the accounts. 
 
40 HISTORY OP PASADKNA. 
 
 From 1826 to 1833 the Friar Superior at San Gabriel was padre Jose 
 Bernardo Sanchez, a friend of Zalvidea, who had been his colleague since the 
 death of padre Nuez in December, 182 1 ; and he continued the system of 
 task work, of manufactures and trade already established ; and up to 1830 
 or '31 he sustained the business prestige and prosperity of the Mission quite 
 to the full — but by this time the disintegrating and demoralizing effects of 
 prospective secularization had begun its work among the Indians. They 
 gradually found out that they were not to be slaves any longer, but free 
 men — and so they would work less and less; get drunk, gamble, or stray 
 off more and more ; and thus the whole great business steadily declined, 
 and at last went out altogether.* 
 
 1832 to '36 : Padre Alexis Bachelot. 
 
 January 15, 1833 Padre Sanchez died at San Gabriel, and he was suc- 
 ceeded by Padre Tomas Eleuterio Estenega. In 1843 the entire business of 
 the Mission was put into Estenega 's hands, there being no income to sup- 
 port a major domo any more ; and in 1844 he was assisted by the presbyter, 
 Antonio M. Jimenez. 
 
 June 8, 1846, the Mission property'' was all sold by Governor Pio Pico 
 to Hugo Reid and Wm. Workman. Reid was then justice of the peace, 
 and also auxiliary administrator of the Mission estate, which was heavily in 
 debt; they bought it subject to debts and other encumbering stipulations, 
 and Reid as administrator already had possession. But when Stockton and 
 Fremont took possession of the country for the United States, in August, 
 1846, they declared Governor Pico's sale of the property, not in accordance 
 with Mexican law and equity in such cases, and thereupon ousted Reid and 
 Workman, and put Manuel Olvera in charge of the property, the same as 
 he had been from October, 1845, to the time of the purchase above men- 
 tioned. 
 
 In February or March, 1847, Padre Estenega died; and he was suc- 
 ceeded by Padre Ordaz, who remained, but only as curate or parish priest, 
 until 1850; and I follow the clerical line of officials no further. 
 
 SECULAR OFFICERS OF THE MISSION. 
 
 But now, to go back again : From the founding of the Mission up to 
 i79<S, Jose Maria Verdugo (he of Verdugb ranch fame) was corporal of the 
 guard here; and he was then succeeded by Pedro Poyorena -but there 
 seems to be no further record on this line. [Records lost.] 
 
 The first major domo [general overseer] was Jose Miguel Flores. He 
 died in 1796. And the records so far as found do not seem toshow by name 
 any successor until Claudio Lopez is named as major domo from 1821 until 
 February, 1836. Ikit I am informed by his daughter-in-law, Senora Maria 
 
 *Tlie fatal ((elect ol lliis wliole Si)aiiis1i system was that uo effort was made to educate the Indians, 
 or teach them to read, and think and act lor themselrcs. Hence, as soon as the Mission authority over 
 them was liroken they fell back into barbarism again. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 4I 
 
 Guillen de Lopez, who is still living at San Gabriel, and also by her son 
 Theodore Lopez, that Claudio Lopez served there as major donio thirty-six 
 ye&rs or thereabouts — that is, both before and after and all through the ad- 
 ministration of Padre Zalvidea and Padre Sanchez. This seems hard to be- 
 lieve, yet no records have been found to show anybody else there in that 
 office; and "old Francesca," the hundred-year-old Spanish woman, still 
 living here at Pasadena, told me substantially the same as to Claudio Lo- 
 pez's wonderfully long service at San Gabriel.* Hence I conclude that he 
 was probably the successor of major domo Flores, with perhaps some tem- 
 porary appointee in between for two or three years. The History of Califor- 
 nia, vol. 4, p. J 17, says he settled in Los Angeles in 1811, and that he was 
 alcalde [judge] there in 1826 ; but all this would not hinder his being major 
 domo at San Gabriel at the same time. Rancho San Pasqual was part of 
 the Mission lands; Major Claudio was the overseer or head "boss" of all 
 the agricultural, stock-raising, herding and other industries of the Mission — 
 and thus he was the first man who ever made any civilized use or occu- 
 pancy of these acres where Pasadena now stands. 
 
 In February, 1836, Lopez was succeeded by Juan Jose Rocha ; and in 
 1837 Rocha was succeeded by Juan Perezf who served until March i, 1843, 
 when he turned everything over to Padre Estenega. Yet in 1845 Crispin 
 Perez's name occurs as major domo ; and in October in this year he is suc- 
 ceeded by Manuel Olvera, who served until the property was taken in 
 possession by Hugo Reid for himself and Workman as purchasers, July 8, 
 1846. Then in August or September of this year Stockton and Fremont 
 annulled Reid's purchase and put Olvera in charge again. 
 
 The United States Land Commission abrogated all sales that had been 
 made of the church building and its garden and cemetery grounds, and 
 restored them to the church authorities ; but sales of outlying lands were 
 confirmed. However, in 1875, the Commission also confirmed to Bishop 
 Alemany as church property 55^ acres south of the church, where the 
 Chapman mill, and tallow works and other industries formerly stood, and 
 now known as the "Bishop's orchard, or garden," it having a fine" orange 
 grove on it, all fenced in. 
 
 In 1885 considerable repairs were made on the old Mission church. Its 
 original heavy doors of iron and wood had decayed much, and were renewed, 
 besides other patching and mending, which gave the structure less of the 
 ancientness of appearance than it had before. It is still in regular use every 
 Sunday as a Catholic church. 
 
 *Governor Pio Pico was born at San Gabriel May 5, 1801. Eulalia Perez de Guillen officiated as 
 midwife at his birth ; and her family say that Claudio lyOpez was there as major domo then. 
 
 fBancroft gives this name erroneously as "Jose" Perez. I find that there were four of these 
 Perez brothers, to-wit : Eranio Perez, whose wife was Vicente Lugo, one oi the four daughters of Don 
 Antonio Lugo. Jxian Perez, father of our Pasadena 100-year old wciinan, old Francesca Lugo, who.se hus- 
 band, Don Felipe Lugo, was brother to Eranio Perez's wife. Esleban Petez, whose son Jose was the 
 first white man who ever made a home on Rancho San Pasqual, this Jose's wife being Merced Lugo, 
 sister to his uncle Eranio's wife, but afterwards wife of Stephen C. Foster, a Yankee from New England. 
 Crispin Perez, who was major domo at San Gabriel in 1845. And these four Perez brothers were cousins 
 to Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first owner of Rancho San Pasqual. 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 TIIK STORY OF THE MIIJ.S. 
 
 "The Old Mill " is one of the historic spots near Pasadena for romantic 
 people and historj' hunters to visit, as a relic of the old Spanish Mission 
 days. But it is a fact, though little known, that there are really two old 
 Mission mills partly remaining, besides a private one built by Daniel Sex- 
 ton at East San Gabriel. The history of the two Mission mills has been 
 woefully mixed, confused, transposed ; and I found it necessary to expend a 
 vast deal of time, patience, perseverance, research, personal inquiry of living 
 witnesses, and personal examination of the remaining parts of the structures, 
 before I could unravel the tangled threads of error running through every 
 account of " the old mill " that has appeared in print hitherto. Even some 
 of the attempts at sober history in the matter have been little better than 
 romantic fancy. It is so much easier and pleasanter to imagine how it 
 " might have been " than it is to hunt up facts as to how it really was. 
 
 MILL NO. I — THE OLD STONE MILL. 
 This was the first grist mill to be run by water power ever attempted 
 to be built in California, and was erected under the administration of Padre 
 Zalvidea, with Claudio Lopez as major domo — -in about 1810 to 1812.* 
 Very little grain had been raised on the Mission lands until after Zalvidea 
 took charge, in 1806 ; and the small amount of corn, wheat and barley pro- 
 duced was made into meal by the Indian women with their old native 
 metates and mealing stones, while the men were kept busy at heavier work, 
 mostly of the building sort, besides looking after the flocks and herds which 
 furnished their principal food suppl}-. But now Zalvidea pushed horticul- 
 ture, viniculture and agriculture forward, and in a short time had large 
 crops of grain to ship away. Then he wanted a mill and built this one. 
 [See full account of its dimensions, structure, and other particulars in Chap- 
 ter 19; articles on "The Old Mill," "Mill Canyon," "Wilson lyake," 
 etc.] But after all their hard toil and zeal and hope in building it, this mill 
 proved a failure because of dampness. It was built in the hillside. Its 
 west main wall was also the wall of the deep, funnel-shaped cisterns or fore- 
 bays which furnished the water head. The basement arch or water wheel 
 chamber was so low that the powerful jet of water striking the horizontal 
 wheel would splash all over the walls and work up through the shaft hole 
 to the mill stones on the upper floor. So that as fa.st as the meal was made 
 it had to be carried away to dry store rooms at the Mi.ssion, where Indian 
 women bolted or sifted it by a hand process of their own devising. The 
 distance of the mill from the business center at the Mission was also a great 
 drawback. And from this combination of adverse conditions, the mill had 
 
 ♦Win. Heath Davis in his book, " Sixty Years in California", p. .'51. tells ol' a mill built where is 
 now Clay street, in San Francisco, in 1839, and adds: "This was the first j;rist null in California. It 
 was operated by six mules," Yet I'asadena's old stone mill, run by water power, was built more than a 
 quarter century before that; and tlieonein front of the San C.ibriel Mission church was built at least 
 17 years before the ' mule mill " which he claims to have been first. And Joseph Chapman built one at 
 Santa Ynez in 1820-21. So Davis is widely in error as to " first grist mill in California." 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 43 
 
 been abandoned and lay idle some time before Maria de Guillen (afterward 
 Mrs. Lopez) came to San Gabriel to live, which was about 1821, she being 
 then nine years old ; and for several years the grain grinding for the Mis- 
 sion had been again done by Indian women on their metates ; though it 
 seems that occasionally a little was still done at the old mill in the way of 
 gristing for Los Angeles and other points, where the meal was taken direct 
 from the millstone. 
 
 The little girl above mentioned, Maria de Guillen, was a daughter of 
 Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first owner of Rancho San Pasqual or Pasa- 
 denaland, who died June 8, 1878 — aged 143 (?) years. [See article headed 
 "Complete Chain of Title," Chap. 3.] And Maria was married in 1829 to 
 Tiburico Lopez, son of Claudio Lopez who served about thirty-six years as 
 major domo at San Gabriel, according to the traditions of the family ; hence, 
 as general overseer of the old Mission business, he was the first white man 
 who ever utilized the lands which afterwards became Rancho San Pasqual, 
 and Pasadena. And I have found descendants of Major Claudio still living 
 in this county, as follows : 
 
 Theodore Lopez, San Gabriel — grandson. 
 
 Felipe Lopez, San Gabriel — grandson. 
 
 Romaldo Lopez, Old Mission — grandson. 
 
 Geronimo Lopez, San Fernando — grandson. 
 
 Francisco E. Lopez, Los Angeles — great grandson, 
 
 Jose Lopez, San Gabriel — great grandson. 
 
 Valentine Lopez, San Fernando — great grandson. 
 
 Luis Lopez, La Ballona — great grandson. 
 
 Jose Lopez, La Ballona — great grandson. 
 All these, besides their families ; while some of the descendants reside 
 out of the county, and some out of the state. [There were fifty-two voters 
 named Lopez in our "great register " of 1892-94.]^ Tiburcio Lopez died 
 in 1857 ; but his wife and her two sons, Theodore and Felipe, are still living 
 at San Gabriel, and they have kindly assisted me in correcting the many 
 published errors about the old mill. Old Francesca Perez, who was born 
 at Los Nietos [near Whittier] in 1794, and is still living in Pasadena [June, 
 1895], was godmother to Theodore Lopez and second cousin to Eulalia 
 Perez de Guillen ; and she too has furnished me some points about the old 
 mills. 
 
 A PIRATE PRISONER IN OUR PASADENA MOUNTAINS. 
 
 The old Mission Mill No. 2 was commonly called " Chapman's mill"; 
 and therefore I must tell about Chapman. In 18 18 a Buenos Ayres priva- 
 teer landed some men on the Ortega ranch above Santa Barbara to plunder 
 it, and the family fled in terror, one of them being a young daughter named 
 
 ♦Bancroft, Hist. Ca/., lists forty persons named Lopez who had figured ia some way in California 
 history. 
 
44 HISTORY OF PASADKXA. 
 
 Guadalupe. The Mission soldiers from Santa Barbara and Los Angeles 
 succeeded in capturing some of these men, one of whom was Joseph Chap- 
 man, a sailor, from the state of Maine.* Corporal Don Antonio Maria Lugo 
 of Los Angeles became surety for Chapman so that he need not be executed, 
 and brought him to Los Angeles as a prisoner, riding behind him on the 
 same horse, for the sailor chap couldn't keep his balance on a horse without 
 somebody to hold onto, j Chapman was a tall, strong, bright fellow, with a 
 good deal of Yankee ingenuity, and skillful with tools. He didn't know a 
 word of Spanish, nor Lugo a word of English ; yet in a few days the prison- 
 er had picked up enough Spanish so that with the addition of signs he could 
 make himself understood, and now he went with Lugo to the mountains to 
 help get out timber for building the church, the one which still stances there 
 near the plaza in Los Angeles. | 
 
 Stephen Foster, writing from his father-in-law Lugo's statements, says 
 the timbers were being cut in "church canyon, away in the mountains,'' 
 but gives no hint or clue as to whereabouts this particular "church canyon' 
 was located, and I found no written record to help me. However, I remem- 
 bered that in July, 1893, I had noticed in Grand Canyon, about a mile be- 
 low Crystal Springs of the Mount Lowe itinerary, some evidences of timber 
 work done there long ago. There were some large old pine stumps, much 
 decayed ; one big tree chopped down, but never trimmed or hewed ; and 
 some graded spaces that looked like remnants of an old wagon road. Dun- 
 can Cameron and Alex. McDonald were with me. i^ And taking this for a 
 clue, I followed it steadily for eight months, as a possible chapter in the lost 
 record of the Los Angeles "church canyon," before the links of evidence were 
 all found which made a chain of circumstantial proof strong enough to af- 
 firm. I inquired of the oldest living settlers, both Spanish and American, 
 but they were as blank as the empty records. Old Francesca only knew that 
 
 *A row boat in which Chapman and others were rowing ashore was capsized in the surf. Com- 
 niaudante Lugo had his men concealed in a clump of willows near by, and shouted to them, " Now's 
 our time! " They all rushed out and fired their blunderbusses at the struggling men in the water, kill- 
 ing two or three : then some swam back to a second row boat and returned to ship, wliile Chapman and 
 a West Indies negro came ashore through the surf. A vaquero now ran down on the beach and lassoed 
 him ; but he, half drowned though he was, jumped up and commenced hauling in the riata handover- 
 haud, in sailor fashion, pulling the vaquero along, who yelled with fright and terror, for he had no horse 
 now to help him out ; and two others ran to his rescue, throwing two more lassoes over Chapman l)efore 
 they could hold him. He was a tall, muscular and dextrous man. and pushed the vaqueros around like 
 puppets, \»liich greatly a.stonished and pleased old Lugo, and made him admire the lusty Yankee. 
 
 J. Albert Wilson, ///,v/. Los A. Co. iS8o, calls him a native of Pennsylvania ; but Hon. Stephen C. 
 Foster, who knew Chapman personally, says he was from New England; and Hancroft and J. D. Mason 
 say from Maine. 
 
 tThe History of Santa Barbara county says : " Lugo, the grandfather of Senora de la Torre and 
 Senora Pico, was the Lugo who assisted in beating off the pirate ship commanded bv Bouchard, which 
 made an attack on the Refugio rancho in i8i8,aud carried John [Joe] Chainnnn (who was one of the 
 pirates) on his horse behind him as a prisoner— he being the same man who subseciuently married one 
 of thenoted beauties of the Ortega famdy." 
 
 JTo aid in building this church, there were donated by citizens, .soo cattle ; by friars, seven hbls. 
 brandy, worth $575 The labor was done by neophytes from San Gabriel and San Luis Rev, at one real 
 [\2% cents] per day as their wages.— /y?V. Cat. I'o! //, p. I'ii. 
 
 'i;' I was with Dr. Reid and Alex. McDonald in July, 189.S, when we saw some remains of grading 
 or terracing whirh looked like an ancient road, in Grand Canyon, a short distance below Crystal 
 Springs. — We also saw some very old and deca>ed large pine stumps where trees had been chopped 
 down ; and one large old tree chopped down and left lying. And it was a great mystery to us how these 
 things came to be in such au out of the way place. Duncan Cameron. 
 
 Kcho Mountain, May 28, 1895." 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADNIAN. 45 
 
 the place was "'somewhere up in these motintains,'' but as to just which can- 
 yon it was she had no idea ; and the venerable Senora Lopez at San Gabriel 
 could tell me no more ; yet they both knew Chapman. Jose Lugo, old 
 Francesca's son, thought it was Santa Anita Canyon [it was also called 
 " church canyon " while timbers were being gotten out there for the church 
 at San Gabriel]. Arturo Bandini didn't know anything about it. Theodore 
 Lopez believed it was in Canyon el Blanco — now called Millard Canyon. 
 
 At last I learned from E. W. Giddings that in 1877-78, when his father 
 and family settled on their Millard Canyon farm, they found up the canyon 
 some broken pieces and chunks of hewed pine timber, all decayed so that 
 only the shell remained to show the axe-marks ; they were from eight to 
 twelve inches square in size, and had been washed down over Millard Falls 
 from some place above. It was a great mystery to them at the time, for 
 neither they nor any of their old-settler neighbors had ever heard even a 
 tradition of any timber work so far up in the mountains ; and no one could 
 oflfer any explanation as to how, why, when, or by whom such work should 
 have been done in a place so remote and difficult of access as that above the 
 Falls. And when I told him about Joe Chapman's prisonership in "church 
 canyon", and what I had noticed up in Grand Canyon in 1893, and my sur- 
 mise that this was the "church canyon" of the Los Angeles padres, it was 
 the first inkling of a solution of the hewed drift-wood mystery he had ever 
 heard. He then mentioned that at a place perhaps a mile lower down the 
 canyon than where I had noticed the signs of timber working, there were 
 more very old stumps, now all rotted away, and more graded spaces like 
 remnants of an old road, when he first knew this canyon twenty years ago. 
 He also mentioned that when Mr. Millard first settled in this canyon, in 
 1862 [See article, "Millard Canyon"], there were remnants of a rude old 
 road or dragway up into it along the stream to the Millard Falls, but all 
 signs of that road have since been washed away. J. Reed Giddings also re- 
 membered about their finding fragments of hewed timber among old drift- 
 wood below Millard Falls ; and likewise about the very old stumps and the 
 graded spaces like parts of an old road far up toward the head of the can- 
 yon. And our conclusion was that Chapman and his Indians had dragged 
 their timbers with rawhide ropes down the upper canyon course, and along 
 the mountain sides, and across the spurs, till they reached this old road be- 
 low the falls which was probably only an ox-trail ; and here oxen were 
 hitched to them by means of rawhide ropes lashed around their horns — for 
 the Spaniards had not yet learned or taught the Indians how to hitch up 
 oxen with a yoke on the neck. The hewed fragments which the Giddings 
 people found had most likely been used as blocks for the great logs to rest 
 upon while being hewed, and also as skids on which to slide their hewed tim- 
 bers over difficult places on the way down. This canyon was the nearest poin t 
 where suitable trees could be reached ; and it gave the most direct and con- 
 
46 HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 tinuous down slope for dragging the hewed timbers to Los Angeles. The ox- 
 trail, then, led from Millard Canyon down toward Monks Hill, and then 
 nearly on the present line of Fair Oaks avenue clear down to the old Spanish 
 road from San Gabriel to Los Angeles, where the Southern Pacific Railroad 
 now runs. On reaching the public road the timbers would be loaded onto 
 heavy carts made with wheels chat were simply round blocks sawed or 
 chopped off from the butt end of a log, and thus they would be conveyed 
 across the Los Angeles river and up to the plaza. And in all this work 
 Chapman managed better and accomplished more, and got more work out of 
 the Indians than anyone had ever done before — all of which greatly endeared 
 him to the padres, and also to the old Don who had sturdily withstood the 
 demand for his ignominious execution only one year before. 
 
 The graded spaces in Grand Canyon that have been mistaken for rem- 
 nants of a mysterious ancient wagon road were made by Chapman to get 
 enough straight and level ground for the timber hewers to stand on at their 
 work, with the log resting on blocks. The Indians themselves could only 
 hack a tree down and let it fall where it happened to — and then haggle it 
 into imperfect square shape just where it lay, thus working very slowly and 
 at great disadvantage. But Chapman could chop a tree down and make it 
 fall whichever way he wanted to, which was a marvelous thing to most of 
 the Spaniards as well as the Indians. In their ignorant and superstitious 
 minds it was magic or " black art," and they called him "Diablo Chapman." 
 Then by getting his logs up onto blocks along these leveled places, and 
 marking with a bit of burnt wood and a stretched string the lines for the 
 hewers to work by, the work went on easier and better and faster than be- 
 fore. And these were Chapman's Yankee improvements to expedite the 
 work, which won him so much favor with Don Antonio and the padres — 
 for anything that helped along their church enterprises touched their hearts 
 in the tenderest spot ; and all this service was credited to him for pious 
 " good works" — so that on one occasion when others w^ere denouncing and 
 contemning the gringo heretic, old Don Antonio made in his defense this ar- 
 gument: " As to his being a heretic, has not all of his work gone into the 
 church ? How can he get away from that ? * * I know that they [the 
 padres] consider him a good Christian, and a very useful one, too. And 
 then, who can manage the Indians as he can ?" 
 
 It was also objected that Chapman couldn't ride a horse, which was an 
 unpardonable deficiency in Spanish eyes. But Lugo replied; " Yes, he can 
 ride a horse now, without falling off" more than twice in one day. " 
 
 The logs having been hewed square up in the mountains, were dragged 
 on different faces alternately .so that all sides might be scoured and smoothed 
 alike. And the special necessity for such heavy pine timbers, that would 
 not sag, was to support the great weight of the tile roofs then in use.* And 
 
 *"'J'he rafters, after being cut ill the muuntaiu forests many miles away, were dragged hereby 
 Indians and oxen, each log being occasionally turned upon the way, that all sides might be planed 
 
UIVlvSION ONK^ — ^PRK-PASADENIAN. 47 
 
 the term " church canyon " was appHed to any such place where timbers 
 were being cut for a church, no matter what other name the place might 
 have borne, if any, before or afterward. So I find that our present Grand 
 Canyon and Millard Canyon was really the " Church Canyon " of the old 
 lyos Angeles Spanish Mission records, and this was the first name the place 
 ever bore in white men's speech, though they afterward called it Canyon el 
 Blanco — the white canyon — from- the conspicuous walls of white feldspathic 
 rocks in some of its upper branches. 
 
 In the Overland Monthly of March, 1894, J. D. Mason writes a sketch of 
 our Joe Chapman's romantic adventures, and from his article I here quote a 
 few points. Mason says : 
 
 ' ' He was quite as much of a curiosity to the Los Angelenos as he was to 
 the rancheros. * * The captured Yankee was watched with fear and 
 trembling, much as a grizzly bear would be if turned loose. The question of 
 what to do with him was necessarily prominent. Some openly asserted that 
 he ought to have been executed ; and that it was not too late yet to remedy 
 the mistake. Lugo, however, proved his fast friend. 
 
 "At that time quite a number of men and Indians were employed in the 
 pine woods forty miles away [only about twenty miles], getting out 
 timbers for the church. There was no road leading to the place, only a 
 rough trail over the mountains and through rocky canyons. If he was set 
 to work there, he could not communicate with any enemies nor escape, for 
 the mountains beyond were considered impassable ; he would be lost if he 
 attempted to climb them. So he was sent to the pine woods. Now, Chap- 
 man knew all about timber. Though he could not ride a horse, he could 
 chop down a tree, and make it tall just where he chose. He could line, 
 score and hew it, for he had worked at ship-building ; and when that was 
 done he could hitch a drove of long-horned cattle to it and move it off. * * 
 A year passed, and he became sole manager of the timber squad, and was in 
 high favor not only with Lugo, but with the church fathers as well. He 
 had really become indispensible. Many consultations unknown to Chapman 
 had been held as to the policy of identifying him with the colony by marry- 
 ing him into .some Spanish family, and holding him to the coast, as it were, 
 by domestic ties. * * * There was talk of Castilian superiority — noble 
 blood, and all that .sort of stuflf. * * They finally agreed to state the case 
 to the padre of the Los Angeles Mission. In an hour they received a terse 
 letter, written in a plain hand, on strong paper, as follows : 
 
 'My Children: — Lugo's advice is sensible. Let the man Chapman 
 marry. ' 
 
 " This ended the discussion, as to the propriety of his marrying."* 
 
 [scoured] alike. They are as as smooth as though really planed."— /. Albert Wilson, Hist. Los Ang. Co. 
 \iSSo\, page 105. This was written of the San Fernando old Mission, built in 1795-96-97. But the same 
 plan was used in building the church in Los Angeles, in 1S18-19-20-21-22. I learned from the old Spanish 
 people that pine timbers were brought down the same way from big Santa Anita canyon for building 
 the church at San Gabriel. 
 
 *See Overland Monthly, March, 1894 ; article, "One Way to Get a Rancho," by J. D. Mason. He rep- 
 resents events that really extended over four years of time as all occurring within one year; he repre- 
 sents the pirate ship as plundering San Gabriel Mission by mistake for San Juan Capistrano ; he makes 
 Chapman's wedding occur at Santa Barbara instead of Santa Ynez ; and overstates distances sometimes; 
 yet his story of Chapman and his lovely Spanish bride is iu the mahi correct. Mason seems to have 
 had some points from Chapman's descendants in Ventura countv, in addition to what Stephen Foster 
 received from old Don Antonio Lugo, and what H. H. Bancroft had found in the old Mission and Pueblo 
 records. 
 
48 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 In another place Mason relates how Chapman " whipped a thousand 
 Indians " with a club, in a night attack they made on his corral at mouth 
 of Millard Canyon ; 
 
 " The time for the rainy season was near, and Chapman was preparing 
 for his last haul of timber.* The cattle that had been pastured on small 
 patches of grass were lying in the adobe corrals, which had been built to 
 keep them together at night, and secure them from the raids of the wild 
 Indians. Sometimes a dozen or more of "converted Indians," that were 
 not satisfied with their allotted work or rations, or social relations with the 
 females, would break away from the missions, and unite with the wild 
 Indians to plunder the padres' storehouses or drive off their stock. This 
 was a standing danger to the colonists as well as to the missions. During 
 the night mentioned one of the Indian cattle-drivers awoke Chapman, say- 
 ing, ' Senor, Senor ! The wild Indians are cutting the cattle out.' As 
 Chapman awoke the man urged him to listen. He could distinctly hear a 
 grating sound produced by moving something forward and backward like a 
 saw. The noise was new to Chapman, but the Indian explained that it 
 was the cutting down of the adobe walls, by drawing a rawhide riata across 
 them ; that when a section was cut that way it could be pushed over, mak- 
 ing an opening through which to stampede the cattle with firebrands and a 
 great noise. 
 
 " ' How many Indians ?' said Chapman to the vacjuero. 
 
 " ' Oh ! thousand, vSenor !' said the Indian excitedly. 
 
 "Some Indians had deserted a day or two before, and probably had in- 
 duced others to join them in a raid ; but Chapman knew that a thousand 
 was an impossibility. He had learned that an Indian's estimate of numbers 
 was of little value ; that scarcely one in a hundred could count more than 
 twenty. More than that was a thousand or a milUon to their weak minds. 
 So he concluded that there might be a dozen, the bulk of them stationed 
 near the outer wall, opposite the bars, ready to break over with a wild 
 hurrah when the bisected portion of the wall fell. He knew he could easily 
 drive away the four or five that were sawing the wall with riatas, but the 
 others might attack his men with their bows and arrows, and in the con- 
 fusion kill some of them. He planned a daring way of discomfiting the 
 Indians by a dash among them alone, while the others of the camp should 
 make a great noise ; for noise is a potent factor in all savage warfare. The 
 wild Indians generally ran away at the first explosion of fire-arms, but 
 Chapman chose rather to teach them a lesson. He passed out quietly, and 
 as he expected, saw a number of firebrands ready to be blown into a flame 
 as soon as the wall fell. He rushed into the midst of the lights, his club 
 describing wide circles as it went around his head, occasionally hitting some- 
 thing with a sickening thud. About the same time the others rushed out 
 with loud shouts and the firing of guns. 
 
 "The besiegers, when the club began to whack their heads, shouted 
 ' Diablo Chapman ! Diablo Chapman /' They were too astonished to make 
 any resistance, and fled with the others as the outcry and firing commenced 
 
 •This was in 1819; and during that winter (iSig 20) he went to Santa Vnez, and there built a flotiriug 
 mill for the padres. I,ugo had often joked Chapman about the pretty girl who saved his life, and hinted 
 that she loved him ; and this was probably the secret of Joe's going to Santa Ynez at this tiine, for the 
 Ortega family came there to church by a bridle road only 10 miles over the mountains, while it was 30 
 miles to Santa Harbara ; and thus he could see her and perhaps exchange glances with her almost every 
 Sunday, although they could not speak together. In September the next year, he was ordered by the 
 governor to build another mill at San (labriel. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASAUKNIAN. 
 
 49 
 
 from the corral. But after getting well out of range of Chapman's club 
 they turned and shot a few arrows towards the adobe walls. Some were 
 sent up mto the air, so as to fall inside the corral and wound the cattle. 
 
 "Some of the vaqueros, frightened by the apparent numbers of the 
 Indians,mounted their horses and fled toward Los Angeles, which they reached 
 about daylight, with the report that all the men, including Chapman, were 
 killed, and the cattle driven off. Lugo, who felt responsible for Chapman's 
 safety, raised a few volunteers and started for the pine timber to investigate 
 the matter. He was astonished to meet the train coming down in good 
 order, not a beast lost, nor a man missing except such as had deserted. 
 
 "Every one was talking of the American Sampson who put a thousand 
 wild Indians to flight, as a wolf would a flock of sheep. Chapman had no 
 wonderful story to relate. He did not think it much of an affair to rout a 
 few Indians with a good club. When asked how many he had killed, he 
 answered, 'None'; anyhow, he left no dead Indians around the corral; he 
 thought it quite likely that some of them might have sore heads for awhile. 
 But some of the older Spaniards shook their heads, and had doubts about 
 this ' Diablo Chapman,' that could rout a whole tribe of Indians with a club. 
 Lugo, however, insisted that it was ' quite time to make him one of us by 
 marrying him into a Spanish family'." 
 
 The camp and corral where this inci- 
 dent occurred must have been at the 
 mouth of Millard Canyon on the Gid- 
 dings farm, or on the bench of land by 
 the creek near where the road crosses 
 leading up to Las Casitas. The principal 
 camp of Chapman's working crew was 
 kept here, because there was pasture for 
 the oxen near by ; and from this point a 
 whole train of drag teams could be 
 started at once for Los Angeles. This 
 accounts, too, for the metates and meal- 
 ing stones plowed up by the Giddings 
 men on their farm, along the creek bank. 
 But it is also supposed that the Indians 
 had a small settlement there before the 
 Spaniards came into the country ; and it was their old familiarity with this 
 canyon which led to the discovery of such good pine timber in its upper 
 section for the church building uses. 
 
 After the church was finished* old Don Antonio Lugo took Chapman 
 to Santa Barbara to find a true blood Spani.sh wife for him ; for Lugo was 
 thoroughly in love with the Yankee, and sought for him an alliance with 
 the best and noblest famiHes in the province. They stopped at San Buena 
 Ventura Mission, June 24, 1822, for Chapman to be baptized, for without 
 this he could not lawfully marry, and Lugo stood god-father to him. As 
 
 ' *A new roof and some additions were built to it in 1841. 
 
 OLD CHURCH AT THE PLAZA. 
 
 Built in 1S18 to 1822, with Joe Chapman's 
 
 help. Photo taken in 1S94, for "lyand 
 
 of Sunshine." 
 
50 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 the custom then was, the old people attended to the business of match- 
 making, although the lady in the case had the reserved right to say " No " 
 if she wished to, and that would end it ; for the suitor must then try his luck 
 somewhere else. lyUgo introduced Chapman among his Barbareno friends, 
 and vouched for his good character, his skill in useful arts, and his worthi- 
 ness to mate with the best Spanish blood in the province ; so in a short 
 time he and old Captain Ortega arranged that Chapman might marry 
 Ortega's pretty daughter, Guadalupe. -'^ The young lady at first rebelled, 
 but finally consented ; and in proper time the wedding was duly celebrated 
 — and thus she became the Spani.sli bride of the down-east Yankee, who 
 had only four years before, as a Buenos Ayrean buccaneer, frightened her 
 and the whole family in hasty alarm from their home ; and the first time 
 she ever saw him was that same day, in sailor's garb, a bound and pinioned 
 prisoner subject to death penalty. The men were going to tie Chapman's 
 feet to a wild horse's tail and then turn it loose to drag him to death ; but 
 Guadalupe plead passionately against it as a barbarism unworthy of Chris- 
 tians, or brave soldiers, or Spanish gentlemen, and so saved his life. 
 
 After the wedding ceremony and feasting were done with, which lasted 
 some days, he took off his red silk sash, an essential part of the Spanish 
 horseman's costume which he now wore, and made a loop of it to hang 
 over the pommel of his saddle for a stirrup, for a lady to ride sidewise ; and 
 on this he seated his bride, then sat himself on the crupper or pillion behind, 
 and thus the two made the journey from Santa Barbara to Los Angeles, 
 stopping over night, however, at the old Mission San Buena Ventura, where 
 he had a few weeks before been baptized. His cognomen in Spanish was 
 Jose el Ingles (Joseph the Englishman). He was the first English-speaking 
 bona fide settler in the State of California, as claimed by Col. J. J. Warner 
 and Hon. Stephen C. Foster. In his Historical Sketches, Foster says : 
 
 " In 1822, when the first American adventurers, trappers and mariners 
 found their way to California, they found Jose Chapman at the Mission San 
 Gabriel (with fair-haired children playing around him), carpenter, mill- 
 wright, and general factotum of good old Father Sanchez." 
 
 Foster must be a little " too previous " with his " fair-haired children," 
 for Chapman was not married until after June, 1822. I have gathered the 
 following date points in his romantic career : Captured in 1818 ; got out 
 timbers for church at plaza in lyos Angeles, 181 8-1 9 [this was in the Mount 
 Lowe "Grand Canyon "] ; 1820-21, built mill at Santa Ynez ; in December, 
 1820, was pardoned by Gov. Sola, under the king's decree of amnesty ; in 
 
 *Don Jose Maria OrleRa was one of the wealthiest rancheros on the c-oast. He had 48,000 acres 
 of land alons the coast above Santa Barbara [Kaiiclio Ncustra Seuora del Refugio] Rraiited to him 
 tiy the viceroy of Mexico in 1797. His secoml son, Jose Vicente Ortega, who developed ami occu])ied the 
 Refugio ranch, was father of tlie girl, Cuadalupe Mr. Elwood Cooper informs me that their old 
 ranch house is still standing, near the beach about six miles east of C.aviota landing. There were five 
 sons and two daughters of the original Ortega faniilv who all married and raised families of their own, 
 so that the name has become very numerous. The Hindinis of Pasadena have a family connection with 
 the Ortegas. Santiago and I.viis Argnello, two brothers of .\rt\iro Bandini's mother, both married- 
 Ortega women who were cousins to the one that married Joseph Chapman. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PA.SADNIAN. 5I 
 
 1821-22, built mill at San Gabriel [the one in front of the church] ; on 
 June 24, 1822, he was baptized at San Buena Ventura ; and the same year, 
 probably soon after, he was married at Santa Ynez old Mission to Seno- 
 rita Guadalupe Ortega, and came to San Gabriel again ; in 1824 he bought 
 a house and land from Agustin Machado, in L,os Angeles, and planted 
 4,000 vines; in 1829 he applied for naturalization as a Mexican citizen, and 
 got it in 1 83 1 ; this same year he built his 60-ton schooner at San Gabriel ; 
 in 1836, lived in Santa Barbara, and by this time had five children;* in 1838, 
 received grant of a sobrante or "remainder " of 5,000 acres of land in the 
 Santa Barbara district ; in 1845 to '47, he lived near San Buena Ventura, 
 and died there in 1849. Some of his descendents reside in that region yet. 
 And a grandson of his, John Chapman, now resides on the Aguirre ranch 
 at Ballona, in Los Angeles county, his wife being a daughter of Francisco 
 Aguirre. This man, John, is said to resemble his grandfather, "Jose el 
 Ingles," in his large stature and great strength. 
 
 THE OLD MILL NO. 2, OR CHAPMAN'S MILL. 
 
 The old stone mill had proved a failure, as before explained (see page 
 42), and the following citation is here in point : 
 
 "September 25, 182 1, governor orders that the 'pilot prisoner' (Jose 
 Chapman) be sent to build a mill at San Gabriel like that he had built at 
 Santa Ynez. ' ' —Hist. Cal. , Vol. 2. , p. 568. f 
 
 So Chapman came to carry out this order. The site chosen was just 
 south of the old Mission church, where the cement ditch forebay, the 
 sluices, the wheel pit, the foundation walls, and other ruins can still be 
 seen [1894]. Water in abundance for domestic uses had been brought by 
 ditch long before, from a stone dam at mouth of Wilson Canyon ; % and the 
 waters of Mission Canyon, San Marino Canyon and the Winston Springs 
 were also trained into the ditch without need of dam. [They were then all 
 three called " Mission Canyon."] But now they wanted more water ; and to 
 meet this need, a stone dam was built at the cienega where the old Indian vil- 
 lage of Acurag-na had stood — [the dam and lagoon are still there and still in 
 use, about a quarter of a mile north of the "Sunny Slope " great winery] — 
 and the accumulated waters from this place, afterward called La Presa, were 
 also led by a ditch down to the Mission ; this stream and the one from Wil- 
 son Canyon being then both run into the cemented head-storage ditch above 
 the mill. 
 
 *The History of Santa Barbara Countv says : " Joseph Chapman, the hero of the pirate ship, and of 
 the romantic affair with the daughter of the Ortega family, built a house, still standing in the rear of 
 the Episcopal church." Mrs. Reid went and examined this historic old house for me, May 2, 1S95. 
 
 fChapman's own statement, as recorded in state documents, was that " he remained here as a 
 prisoner because he was forced, with other persons at the Sandwich Islands, on the expedition of Bou- 
 chard;" sailing as a privateer of Buenos Ayres, then in revolt against Spain. He had been on a New 
 K'lgland whaling ship. 
 
 %■' The Mission Father*; built a stone dam at the mouth of the Wilson Canyon, near where the barn 
 stands now, but the earth dam nt the head of the Canyon was built bj' J. De Barth Shorb ; afterwards 
 was rebuilt by Mr. George S. Patton." — Mr. iihotb, in Letter io Dr. Reid, March zg, jSg.f. 
 
52 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Chapman got his wheel pit as low as he could to advantage, then 
 carried his foundation walls high enough and off to one side enough so that 
 the framed superstructure for grinding room, etc., should be clear from 
 dampness. Col. Warner in his "Historical Sketches," says this mill was 
 built first, and had a horizontal water wheel on the lower end of a vertical 
 shaft and the revolving mill-stone on the upper end, the same as in the 
 stone mill. On both these points he was mistaken. My Spanish inform- 
 ants in telling me about this one called it an "overshot wheel." They 
 knew how it was different from the horizontal wheel in the old stone mill, 
 but of course did not understand the technical terms for different styles of 
 water wheels ; and from my examination and measurements, and tracing of 
 flumes, forebay and tailrace in the ruins, I know it must have been what is 
 called a "breast wheel," as there was not fall enough for an overshot. 
 [Theodore Lopez, who had seen it when a boy, saj^s it was a breast wheel — 
 or at any rate the water went out under the wheel and not over it.] Chap- 
 man made some wooden cogged miter gears to convert horizontal into verti- 
 cal motion ; and this was Mission Mill No. 2, as built in 182 1 22. 
 
 [Note — The grinding stones of this mill were made from great boulders 
 of gray granite or syenite near the mouth of Santa Anita Canyon, and were 
 laboriously pecked into shape by the Indians. The stones were three feet 
 six inches in diameter and about one foot thick. One of them was broken 
 in two and lay there with the ruins in the Bishop's orchard or garden for 
 many j^ears. In 1889 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr of Pasadena procured one of the 
 broken halves, and now has it for a doorstep at the west front of her unique 
 residence on Kensington place. The crest of her roof is also laid with tiles 
 made at San Gabriel by the Indians during Padre Zalvidea's administration. 
 I did not learn what became of the other half of the broken mill-stone. 
 Theodore L,opez said the stone that was not broken was taken away to use 
 in a mill somewhere else, but he did not know the place. The grinding 
 stones of the first Mission mill, and also of the Dan Sexton mill, were made 
 from volcanic tufa instead of granite.] 
 
 In 1 83 1 Chapman also built a ship (schooner) at San Gabriel, hauled it 
 in parts to San Pedro on ox-carts, then put it together and launched it 
 there.* He died in 1849, and in 1876 his descendants were living in Ven- 
 tura county ; but in 1895 his grandson, John Chapman, lives at Ballona, 
 Los Angeles county. 
 
 GOLD DISCOVERY IN 1 842. 
 
 In March, 1842, Francisco Lopez, a grandson of Claudio Lopez, discov- 
 ered gold in a canyon about thirty-five miles northeast from Los Angeles, 
 
 *" A launch was to take place at St. Pedro of the second vessel ever constructed in California. She 
 was a schooner ol about sixty tons, that had been entirely framed at .St. Gabriel and fitted for subse- 
 quent completion at St. Pedro. Every piece of timber had been hewn and fitted thirty miles from the 
 place, and brought down to the beach upon carts." — Robinson's " Life in California," /Sjj, p. too. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 53 
 
 the first that had ever been found by white men in CaUfornia.* It was in 
 the San Fernando valley, on land owned by Ignacio del Valle. And by 
 December, 1843, 2,000 ounces of gold dusthad been taken from these mines. 
 Then in 1853-54 gol<i was found in the foot-hills of the Santa Anita ranch, 
 and in the San Gabriel Canyon, and in our own Eaton, Rubio and Arroyo 
 Seco Canyons. In crossing the old flood-plain of the Eaton Canyon outwash 
 above Lamanda Park, many mysterious-looking deep pits in the sand will 
 be noticed. These were made by the gold-hunters of that period and later 
 time. These were all placer diggings. A quartz mill was put in far up 
 the San Gabriel Can^^on some years later. And statistics show that during 
 a period of eighteen years over $2,000,000 worth of gold dust was sold from 
 these San Gabriel, Santa Anita and Eaton Canyon diggings. {Thompson 
 & West Hist. Los A. Co., p. 6y.] 
 
 DAN sexton's OI.D ADOBE MILL. 
 
 On May 16, 1871, a patent for 227^ acres of the San Gabriel Mission 
 lands were granted to Daniel Sexton. This man came to California in 1841 
 in the same company with B. D. Wilson, John Rowland, Wm. Workman 
 Wade Hampton [afterward a famous Confederate General in the war of the 
 Rebellion], and others. f Sexton married one of the Mission Indian women, 
 thus gaining the right under Mexican law to acquire land, and settled at 
 San Gabriel before the United States took California. The old Mission 
 mills were now in ruins, and he thought a mill was needed and might do a 
 good paying business here ; so he put up an adobe structure 1 7x50 feet, 
 with asphaltum roof, expecting to use water from the Ea Presa ditch to 
 drive his mill machinery. His right to this water service was contested ; 
 lawsuits were undertaken ; and finally he lost both the water and the 
 land— and his mill never turned a wheel. X The building still stands, being 
 now used for a dwelling, about one-fourth mile northeast from the East San 
 Gabriel hotel ; the land now belongs to Gov. H. H. Markham, and was 
 occupied in 1894 by Mr. C. M. Smith, as tenant. The millstones had been 
 quarried out from volcanic tufa, the same as those in the old stone mill, and 
 
 *Davis, "Sixty Years in Calif.," page 222, credits this discovery to "some Mexicans from Sonora 
 who were passing through going north," in 1840. This is a mistake. Lopez showed them some of the 
 dirt in Los Angeles, and they confirmed it as gold-bearing— that is all ; and this was in 1842. Davis also 
 mentions two priests who told him us early as i843-t4 that they had knowledge of gold in the Sacra- 
 mento valley from Indians long ago, but they had charged the Indians upon " peril of the wrath of 
 God " not to reveal the secret. Their idea was that if the existence of gold here became known, for- 
 eigners would rush in to hunt for it, and would overrun and take the country. The same charge was 
 made by the priests at San Diego and San Gabriel to Indians who brought them gold dust long before 
 white men had discovered it. And Davis, p. 257-59, relates how in 1850-51 the old chief Zapaje rejected the 
 most tempting bribes that could be offered to an Indian, rather than lead them to a gold mine which he 
 had told the priest about 70 years before In this adventure Davis was accompanied by three Arguellos 
 of San Diego, uncles to our ArturoBandini, and by Gen. Manuel Castro. 
 
 fin the official list of the party as recorded at Los Angeles, Feb. 29, 1842, his name is written "Daniel 
 Sinton, carpenter," or at least it has been printed that way from those records. It should be " Sexton " 
 instead of Sinton. In 1894 he was still living at San Bernardino but died during the year. 
 
 tSexton was one of the original owners of the old Orizaba tract, which was not marked on any map 
 that I found, but it included Winston Heights, part of San Marino, and some other lands. He built on 
 his part the very substantial adobe house, now occupied by Mr. N. A. Strain, foreman of Hon. J. De 
 Barth Shorb's San Marino ranch. 
 
54 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 were lying there in the house yard when I visited it on August 30, 1894, 
 one of them being still unfinished. 
 
 Note. — I have taken pains to explain about this " old adobe mill " at 
 San Gabriel, in order to prevent further confusion and misunderstanding 
 from its being confounded with the two old Mission mills. 
 
 SECULARIZATION OF THE MISSION. 
 
 On January 6, 1831, Governor Echeandia had issued a final decree for 
 secularizing the Missions, and forming them into towns, in accordance with 
 the old Mexican law of September 13, 1823. Elections were ordered to be 
 held on the third and fourth Sundays of January. The twenty-eighth 
 article of this decree said : ' ' With all possible haste a school is to be estab- 
 lished at San Gabriel, in which reading, writing and arithmetic will be 
 taught, as well as the best morals and politics."* Article 32 said: " Teach- 
 ers to have $40 or $50, according to skill, and to have also $15 for each pro- 
 ficient pupil produced in six months." [See Bancroft, Hist. Cal., Vol. j, 
 p. 306.'] 
 
 In 1832 there was much civil strife between factions ; and now for the 
 first time Indians were armed, to take part as soldiers in these public quar- 
 rels. In April, Governor Echeandia had a force of soldiers and Indians en- 
 camped at Paso de Bartolo on the San Gabriel river, under Captain Barroso, 
 They marched to Eos Angeles ; then in a day or two they went to San 
 Gabriel ; and here they borrowed $20,000 from the Mission treasury, f be- 
 sides forced loans of supplies for men and horses — all which was. very gall- 
 ing to the padres, for this was the faction that they were opposed to. Sev- 
 eral writers say there were 1,000 mounted Indians, besides white men. 
 
 In 1831-32, while Padre Sanchez was still in control, a schooner of sixty 
 tons burden was framed here at San Gabriel by Joseph Chapman, assisted 
 by an Englishmen named William Antonio Richardson, who claimed to be 
 a carpenter, a shipwright and a pilot. The vessel was hauled in .sections 
 on carts to San Pedro, — there put together and launched in 1832, and used 
 in the otter and seal fur trade among the channel islands. A man named 
 Yount was part owner and became captain of this small ship ; and differ- 
 ent accounts have credited each of the three men, Chapman, Richardson and 
 Yount as the builders. But it was Chapman who projected, planned and 
 superintended its building at San Gabriel and cartage to San Pedro. He 
 was the real head and hero of the whole affair until the owners took charge 
 of it at anchor in San Pedro bay. 
 
 ♦This had been the hottest question in Mexican politics forahout twenty years, between the Liberal 
 party and the clerical or conservative party. Sonietinies one and sometimes the other was in power, 
 so that the pailres had never obeyed either the Spinish or the Mexican law in regard to the matter, but 
 held their grip ol ecclesiastical dominance till )-",cheandia finally forced them to obey. 
 
 tKulalia Perez hid the keys of the money room and refused to give them up, as she was the Mis- 
 sion treasure-keeprr ; but the room was broken open, and the $20,000 thus "borrowed" from the padres, 
 was never returned — for it took all of it and more, too, to pay costs of enforcing the law which they had 
 so long disregarded. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 55 
 
 111 1832-33-34 the Mission cattle were slaughtered in droves by con- 
 tract, just to sell the hides — the Mission treasury to receive half and the 
 contractors half.* And Mofras, a French consul here at the time and who 
 wrote a book about this country, says that in 1834, 100,000 hides, 2,500 
 centals of tallow and several cargoes of soap from San Gabriel were shipped 
 at San Pedro. The fact was simply this : the Mission Fathers were rushing 
 all their portable products into market before the government officers should 
 arrive to take it from them.t 
 
 111 1834 Colonel Nicolas Gutierrez was sent to San Gabriel as adminis- 
 trator, to take charge of all the property and secular business on behalf of 
 the government, and readjust its affairs. 
 
 In 1838 Don Juan Bandiiii succeeded Gutierrez as administrator. And 
 it is recorded that in June, 1839, the government visitador general, Hartnell, 
 reported Bandini's accounts all right, and authorized him to "buy $2,000 
 worth of clothing, to be paid for in brandy." Then on December 31 of same 
 year it appears that Bandini distributed $r,'6i5 worth of clothing among 233 
 Indians — this being the number then still remaining as neophytes and work 
 people at the Mission. In March, 1840, Bandini reports that he had added 
 100 trees to the Mission orange orchard, the only one then existing in Cali- 
 fornia. August I, of this year [1840] Bandini retired, the secularization 
 business being about completed; J and all that was left of the Mission prop- 
 erty was placed in charge of the curate. Padre Estenega — but Juan Perez 
 had been major domo since 1837, ^^^ ^^ continued to serve under Estene- 
 ga's direction until March i, 1843, when he dropped out, and the padre 
 attended to everything himself for a year or so. 
 
 While Don Juan Bandini was administrator his home was at his great 
 Jurupa ranch of seven square leagues which had been granted to him Sep- 
 tember 28, 1838; but part of the time he lived at San Gabriel, occupying 
 one of the padre cottages, as Senora Lopez informs me. In 1841, during his 
 term of office, his father. Captain Jose Bandini died, and was buried under 
 the flagstones of the old church. Then in a few weeks (or months) his 
 daughter Arcadia was married in the church to Don Abel Stearns of Eos 
 
 *Gen. M. G. Vallejo, a Mexican comiuandante, wrote: " In the Missions of San Gabriel, San Fer- 
 nando. San Juan Capistrano, and San Luis Rey, they killed by contract with private individuals, during 
 the years 1830-31-32, more than 60,000 head of cattle, from which they only saved the hides." 
 
 fin his MSS. f/tsi. Soutketn Ca/., Bandini says: " 2,000 cattle were killed in a single day atone 
 Mission. [San Gabriel,] the meat and fat being left in the fields " Pio Pico, in his MSS. Hisi. Lai., says 
 he " had a contract at San Gabriel, employing ten vaqueros and thirty Indians, and killing over 5.000 
 cattle." Mrs. Ord, MSS. Ucciirances, says she " understood that 30,000 cattle were killed at San Gabriel, 
 and remembers that there were fears of a pestilence from the rotting carcasses." 
 
 At that time, as the reader will bear in mind, the rancho San Pasqual or Pasadetialaiid was a part 
 of San Gabriel. The cattle were killed for their hides only, these being mostly shipped around Lape 
 Horn to Boston ; they were Mission live stock, and this occurred in the process of secularizing the Mis- 
 sions. Father Gonzales, one of the pioneer missionaries, writing of the Missions as they were in 1833, 
 says: " The richest in population was that of , San Luis Rej^ [in San Diego Co.|; in temporal things, 
 that of San Gabriel. * * * Twice a year a new dress was given to the neophytes ;" etc. 
 
 |In August or Septemljer, 1841, Bandini was appointed to manage the temporal affairs of San Juan 
 Capistrano, and to superintend the founding of the pueblo, San Juan de Arguello, as a home place for the 
 now secularized Mission Indians. But on March 7, 1842, he put the whole business into Padre Zalvidea's 
 hands, and on May 30 resigned this commissionership. 
 
56 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Angeles, the bride being dressed in mourning,* and having ridden in on 
 horseback from Jurupa [now Riverside], while Don Abel came with his 
 friends from lyos Angeles. And after the nuptial ceremony the whole wed- 
 ding party went to Los Angeles for the usual social festivities. The youth- 
 ful bride of this occasion, then only sixteen, is now Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker 
 (widow) of Los Angeles, the wealthiest woman in Southern California. f 
 
 SOME SAN GABRIEL ITEMS. 
 
 "The earthquake of December 8, 1812, at sunri.se, overthrew the main 
 altar, breaking the St. Joseph, the St. Dominic, the St. Francis, and the 
 Christ, damaging the church considerably, bringing down the top of the 
 steeple, and badly cracking the sacristy walls, and injured the friars' houses 
 and other buildings. "—//«/. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 356. 
 
 The wall of the north forebay or water-head cistern at the old stone 
 mill was cracked by this earthquake before a wheel was put in for its spout, 
 and hence the mill never had but one wheel, although built for two. The 
 walls were built so massively solid as they are, in order to withstand earth- 
 quakes, in addition to their possible need as a fortress. 
 
 The first orange culture ever attempted in California, was at San 
 Gabriel, from 1820 to '25. 
 
 In 1829 the Mission sheep were estimated at 54,000. 
 
 Robinson's book, " Life in California," written mostly in 1829 to 1835, 
 and published in 1846, gives a picture of this old Mission church as he saw 
 it, and it had a high pointed steeple on it. This was afterward blown down, 
 and the unique five-groined stone belfry, as now seen there, was built in 
 its place. On page 32 Robin.son says [1829]: 
 
 " There are several extensive gardens attached to this Mission, where 
 may be found oranges, citrons, limes, apples, pears, peaches pomegranates, 
 figs and grapes in abundance. From the latter they make yearly from four 
 to six hundred barrels of wine, and two hundred of brandy ; the sale of 
 which produces an income of more than $12,000. The storehou.ses and 
 granaries are kept well supplied, and the corridor in the .square is usually 
 heaped up with piles of hides and tallow. Besides the resources of the vine- 
 yard, the Mission derives considerable revenue from the sale of grain ; and 
 the weekly slaughter of cattle produces a sufficient sum for clothing and 
 supporting the Indians. ' ' 
 
 In 1831 Col. J. J. Warner estimated the Mission hogs at 1,000 head — 
 "used chiefly for making soap," he says. The same year the Mission's grape 
 vines were reported to be 50,000. It was this year also that Chapman built a 
 ship here in parts and hauled it to San Pedro in ox-carts. Alfred Robinson, 
 who saw it launched, calls it the Re/ugio, a schooner of sixty tons burden ; 
 l)Ut Bancroft calls it the Guadalupe. This discrepancy is easily explained. 
 
 *A Si)anish woman wlio was there at the time told me that the bride not only stood up in niourn- 
 iiiR attire, hut in gotiiK to the altar she walked over the flagstone \uider which her grandfather was 
 buried, and it was talked of as a had omen for the girl's future, in social gossip. 
 
 fAbel Stearns owned six great ranches in 1868- total 140,000 acres.— //«/. Los Angeles Co., p. 753.— 
 Mrs. Baker was assessed in iSy4 on $264,255 valuation in I.os Angeles county. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PAvSADENIAN. 57 
 
 Guadalupe was the name of Chapman's wife ; and Refugio was the name of 
 her home ranch where he had been captured by the Spanish soldiers, and 
 captivated by the Spanish maiden. This ship was his greatest mechanical ' 
 achievement; and it bore both names, in romantic commemoration of his 
 wife and her early home. 
 
 In December, 1831, Governor Victoria was brought to San Gabriel after 
 being wounded in a battle with insurgents near Cahueuga ; and he was 
 nursed by Eulalia Perez, with Joseph Chapman, the Yankee "pilot prisoner," 
 serving as surgeon ^r^? tevi. 
 
 In October, 1846, powder was manufactured at San Gabriel for General 
 Flores' army, after Gillespie's U. S. troops had been driven out of Los 
 Angeles. The powder was poor stuff, but it was all they had in the battles 
 of January, 1847. It was made in an adobe guard-house that stood right 
 where Mr. Silverstein's store is now — 1895. 
 
 August 7, 1 85 1, the court of sessions at Los Angeles divided the county 
 into six townships, San Gabriel being one, and Rancho San Pasqual was 
 included in its territory. 
 
 July II, 1855, an earthquake made cracks or fissures in the ground at 
 San Gabriel, and threw down the church bells. This accounts for the 
 patched cracks now seen in the belfry walls. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Rancho San Pasqual — Gov. Portolo's visit in 1770. — How the ranch was named. — Its 
 first owner a woman in 1827. — The Garfias ownership from 1843. — The Wilson and 
 Griffin ownership, from 1858 ; and sale to the colonists, 1873. — Complete Chain of 
 Title — 1769 to 1874; being the first complete schedule of its various occupancies 
 and ownerships ever written. 
 
 FIRST WHITE MAN ON PASADENA SOIL. 
 
 The initial point of the modern history of Pasadenaland is in January, 
 1770; and in April of the same year comes the first inkling of the name 
 " San Pascual," as applied to this particular section. In 1769 Gov. Gaspar 
 de Portola, marched overland with an expedition from Loreto in Lower Cali- 
 fornia (the peninsula) to find Monterey bay, then only known from reports 
 made by the navigator Vizcayno, who had discovered it in 1603 — or 166 
 years previously. Portola's march was made with a total of 64 persons, in- 
 cluding two priests, Crespi and Gomez. Crespi kept a diary. Lieut. Fages, 
 afterward governor of California, was also along, and he wrote accounts of 
 the country and people. On their up trip they crossed the Los Angeles 
 river August ist, 1769, and camped where Los Angeles city now stands. 
 The Indian village of Yang-na was there. August 2d, they staid there to 
 rest, and to prospect their route ahead. In the church calendar it was the 
 
58 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 day of "Saint Mary, Queen of the Angels" ; the two priests celebrated it 
 in due form, and in their diaries they designated that camp by the calendar 
 day. This is how and when the place got its name of " Reina de Los 
 Angeles." The river they called Rio Porciuncula. August 3d, they 
 marched through the Cahuenga pass to the Indian village of Cabiieg-na ; 
 thence on up the south border of the upper Los Angeles valley through 
 Calabasas, and over to Hueneme which was then an Indian village on the 
 beach. -*^ And .so on westward. As the company was partly on foot and 
 partly on saddle beasts, they could readily follow the Indian paths from one 
 village to another. All this was of course before any of the California 
 Missions had been established. 
 
 In January, 1770, Portola made the return trip eastward over the same 
 route ; but after crossing the Santa Clara river he mi.stook the trail and 
 wandered farther away from the coast than was intended, finally coming 
 through the Simi pass into the San Fernando valley, near where the village 
 of Chatsworth now stands, and thence across the valley to the region of 
 Pacoima or Dundee on the Southern Pacific R. R. , vainly searching for the 
 Rio Porciuncula [Los Angeles river]. He was literally "lost," hot knowing 
 how to find his way back to the trail of his outward march ; but he pushed 
 on eastward by way of Glendale and the lower part of Eagle Rock valley, 
 and found the fording place across the Arroyo Seco at Garvanza, The 
 stream was swollen with the winter rains ; he supposed it to be the Rio 
 Porciuncula again, and the priests so recorded it in their diaries. They 
 marched up across the lands where Lincoln Park and South Pasadena are 
 now located, and found there some Indian villages. His men were worn 
 out with hardships of roadless and trackless mountain travel ; their food 
 supply was exhausted ; and they were indeed in a sorry condition. The 
 Indians here were the Hahamog-na clan and proved to be friendly ; so from 
 them they obtained some dried meat and meal of dried acorns, and halted 
 there a few hours for rest and recuperation. The old chief of this clan, 
 Hahamovic, gave the governor .some of their native tobacco \_Nicotiana 
 Begelovii'\ and smoked the "peace pipe " with him.f 
 
 In referring to this part of Portola's return march, Bancroft's Hist. Cal., 
 Vol. /, page 163, foot-note, says : " They finally crossed by the modern stage 
 route via Simi. January i6th to i8th their route through the Los Angeles re- 
 gion was also different but not very clear. On the 17th they crossed the Rio Por- 
 
 *" Ishgua, or Ishgfuaget, was a rancheria ] village] near the mouth of the Saticoy river and not far 
 from the beach. Ilueneme was a rancheria on the ocean coast a few miles south of Saticoy river."— 
 \'entura Afission t/rords, quoted in Bancroft's "/Vatt7v Races," p. .ly/. 
 
 fThis was on January 17th, 1770. " The Ca])itan, filling his long stenuiicil pipe with leaves ot the 
 wild tobacco, presented it t(j the Spanish officer, whose supply of the foreign weed had been long ex- 
 hausted. Thus the consoling ' Pespihula.' tlie Indian name of this plant, became the foundation of a 
 lively tralTicbetween the aborigines and Spaniards, who paid for it in trinkets and beads." M>s. Jeanne 
 C.Carr, in Hist. Los Ang. Co. [/.eivis's), p. f/,\ 
 
 "A speciesof tobacco is foundon thesandy beaches which the Indirins prepare and smoke.'' — O'w/. 
 ll^ilkes's ('. S. Explui ini; H.xpd.. Vol. \\ p. joj. 
 
 " They use a species ot native tobacco of nauseous and sickening odor."- -Sclioohta/t's Archaeology, 
 
 Vol in. p. 107. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 59 
 
 ciuncula [they thought so at the time but learned better afterward — Ed.], and 
 went on to a valley which they called San Miguel, where San Gabriel Mis- 
 sion afterward stood." 
 
 After this rest and refreshment he marched on eastward along the north 
 side of the Mission hills till he came to the Rio San Miguel [the present San 
 Gabriel river], at the point now called Mission Vieja or "Old Mission," 
 where then stood the Indian village of Isanthcog-na, and where the San 
 Gabriel Mission was at first established, about a year and a half later. Here 
 the San Gabriel river makes passage from its upper valley through between 
 the monticle ranges called "Mission hills" westward and " Puente hills" 
 eastward ; and from this point he followed down the river to the place where 
 he had crossed it on his outward march, some distance south of the Mission 
 hills, and so found his lost " old trail " again. Thence southeastward to El 
 Rio Jesus de los Temblores [the Santa Ana river], and so on to San Diego, 
 where the famous Father Junipero Serra was then engaged in starting the 
 San Diego Mission, the first one of the " old Missions " in our California. 
 
 In April, 1770, Portola again marched up the coast in search of Mon- 
 terey bay, which he had failed to find [or rather failed to recognize] the year 
 before, but had discovered San Francisco bay instead. This time he went 
 partly over his return route of January, by the line which afterward became 
 the Spanish governmet road from San Diego via San Juan Capistrano, San 
 Gabriel, San Fernando (old Mission), San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara and 
 San Euis Obispo to Monterey, and crossing the Arroyo Seco at Lincoln Park 
 or the old Garvanza ford. The poppy fields of Altadena were now all 
 aflame with their redolence of rich golden color spread over thousands of 
 acres ; Easter Sunday was fresh in mind [April], and the pious soldiers 
 called this wonderful poppy field La Sabanilla de San Pascual- — the great 
 altar cloth of Holy Easter.* 
 
 The original or "Old Mission" San Gabriel was formally commenced 
 Sept. 8th, 1771. This was at the place still known as "Old Mission," or 
 Mission Vieja, near where the San Gabriel river passes through the line of 
 Mission Hills that form the southern boundry of what is called in general 
 terms the ' ' San Gabriel Valley. ' ' There was already an Indian village at 
 this place, called in their language Isanthcog-na. The river had before 
 been called Rio San Miguel by the Spaniards, but from this time it was 
 called Rio San Gabriel, and the Indians of the region began to be called the 
 San Gabriel Indians. In 1775 the Mission was removed to the Indian vil- 
 lage of Sibag-na,t where the famous old church still stands, surrounded by 
 the modern village of San Gabriel. The church building erected at the 
 
 * " La Sabanilla de San Pascual was the name given by Spanish sailors to the vast fields of poppies 
 seen from far out at sea, the sa:ne glorious altar cloth, or bridal veil, which adorns the foot-hills of North 
 Pasadena with the return of every spring." — Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, in Hist. Los Ang. Co. 
 
 t " The village of Sisil Catiog-na was only a mile and a half further north, where the Mission pear 
 orchard afterward stood, and now known as the Cooper place, occupied by Isaac and Thomas Cooper. 
 Two of these old Mission pear trees are bearing yet. I saw them loaded with blossoms April 7th, 1895. 
 
6o HISTORY OK PASADKNA. 
 
 orignal site was of adobe bricks, and some fragments of its walls may be 
 seen there yet. The first church built at the new site was also adobe, a 
 short distance north of the present stone edifice ; but its walls were cracked 
 b}' an earthquake and made unsafe ; and about 1791 work was commenced 
 on the stone church. In 1797 the stone church was about half finished and 
 partly occupied. In 1800 it was still unfinished. In 1804 foundation was 
 laid for some additional portion of the great structure. These various 
 changes of site, and the long slow progress of work on the present stone 
 edifice, with occasional change of plan and change of priest, gave rise to 
 conflicting reports as to dates in the matter, so that I found variations among 
 different authors amounting to a difference of over twenty years as to when 
 this stone church was built. It was about fifteen or sixteen years being 
 built. Now, the point I was coming at is, that sometime while the Mission 
 remained at the old site, the Indian chief, Hahamovic, who had befriended 
 Gov. Portola and his famished men at South Pasadena [their village being 
 near the Garfias Spring], was baptized at this Old Mission and given the 
 name " Pascual," from the fanciful name " La Sabanilla de San Pascual," 
 which had been given to the vast cloth-of-gold poppy fields within or bor- 
 dering, his tribal domain, that comprised both sides of the Arroyo Seco from 
 South Pasadena to the mountains ; and his tribe were thenceforth known as 
 the Pascual Indians. [Chief Pascual afterward married a white woman 
 named Angela Seise, and lived at San Gabriel to a very old age.] Then, after 
 the Mission was removed to its present site, and the old Mill erected [about 
 1 8 10 to 181 2], and the Wilson Lake dammed up for irrigation purposes and 
 to run a saw mill, etc., these Indians were reduced to heavy servitude, and 
 proved a very important factor in producing the wealth for which the San 
 Gabriel Mission became famous, even exceeding all others in California ; but 
 they also specially served as herders and shepherds.* This mill was in- 
 tended to be the source of breadstuflf for the San Fernando, San Buenaven- 
 tura and Santa Barbara Missions, and all the outlying settlements ; and the 
 main road leading to the Mill and the Mission from these western localities 
 is still called the Monterey road. It crossed the Arroy Seco at Lincoln Park 
 or Garvanza, where there was always a good fording place, just below the 
 present county bridge at that point. The cement quarry in the Lincoln Park 
 hills, where the reservoir is now, was then worked by Indians and its pro- 
 duct hauled in heavy ox-carts [carretas], to the other Missions — even as far 
 as Monterey, away up the coast almost to San Francisco. 
 
 RANCHO SAN PASQUAL'S FIRST OWNER. 
 
 In 1806 Father Jose Maria Zalvidea was removed from San Fernando to 
 the San Gabriel Mis.siou and placed at the head of its affairs, a po.sition 
 
 * "After the removal of Mission San Gabriel toils present site, the San Pascual Iiuliatis were 
 employed as herders; the ' bell mare,' fleetest and most beautiful of the padres' stock, ranged in the 
 glades and led the band of wild horses to croj) the grasses of the Altadeiia uplands."— Mrs. Jeanne C 
 Carr, HiU. l.os Ang. Co., p. 314. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 6l 
 
 which he held with distinguished success for twenty years. It was during 
 his administration that the old stone mill and the great stone dam at Wilson's 
 lake were built ; saw mill, tannery, tallow chandlery, spinning rooms, weav- 
 ing works, saddle factory, and other industries were established and pushed 
 to success ; large orchards and vineyards planted, and water brought in 
 ditches from long distances to irrigate extensive field crops as well as fruits. 
 All this in addition to what had been done by his predecessors ; and thus he 
 brought the Mission to the highest degree of industrial and commercial suc- 
 cess ever reached by any Mission in California. But in the height of his 
 career, and when he had plans under way for a still farther increase of 
 business and pretige for this Mission, he was in 1826 removed by order of 
 the Friar President to San Juan Capistrano ; "!' and Friar Jose Bernardo 
 Sanchez was placed in charge of the San Gabriel Mission. 
 
 During Zalvidea's administration there had resided at San Gabriel a 
 devout, motherly woman named Eulalia Perez de Guillen, a Spanish lady of 
 purest blood, who had won high repute as a midwife and nurse, and was in 
 attendance upon Senora Pico when her son Pio Pico [afterward twice made 
 Governor of California], was born May 5th, 1801. Eulalia Perez had taken 
 an earnest and practical interest in the welfare of the Indians, especially the 
 women — teaching them the arts, decencies and religious sentiments of 
 civilized life as best she could, and was a sort of Mother Superior to them in 
 her devotion and zeal for the church. For several years before Zalvidea's 
 removal from San Gabriel in 1826, the matter of secularizing the Mission 
 lands had been agitated ; for as early as Sept. 13th, 1823, the Mexican Con- 
 gress had passed a law for this purpose, which however was repealed and 
 reenacted, ordered enforced and then countermanded several times, and was 
 not finally enforced until about ten years later. Eulalia had been so helpful 
 and faithful in works of the churchf that Father Zalvidea wished to provide 
 for her in her old age by securing to her a large body of land, before the 
 Mission authority should be entirely broken up ; j accordingly he prepared 
 a deed to her of 3^ square leagues of land in the northwest portion of lands 
 belonging to the San Gabriel Mission. This deed was sent to Father San- 
 chez, who also knew right well of Senora EulaUa's life-long labors for the 
 good of others ; and he approved and ratified it on Easter Day [called "San 
 
 * Zalvidea served here until 1842, when he was sent to San I^iis Rey Mission, and died there early 
 in 1846. 
 
 tEulalia's husband, Antonio Guillen, was one of the King's soldiers stationed at San Diego when 
 that Mission was first founded. But later he was sent to San Gabriel, and was there with his family in 
 1801. Then, some time before 1812 he was sent back to San Diego, and his daughter Maria de Los Angeles 
 was born there in that year. Later he fell sick; his son Theodore took his place as soldier of the ^Ij^^sion 
 guard ; and about 1821 he returned with his family to San Gabriel [the daughter above mentioned tells 
 me she was nine vears old when they came], and died here. Eulalia had eleven children, as follows : 
 
 iPc/^a— daughter. /o.?f/a— daughter [died young], Jose/a again— daughter. Tomas— son. Domiii^o— 
 son. Theodoreson. /.a wrMz— daughter. Maria ^n/ow/o— daughter. Nana de los ^H,?^f/«— daughter 
 [still living, the widow Lopez of San Gabriel]. Maria del y?oirtr?o— daughter, i^j/a— daughter, still 
 living, Senora de la Ossa, at San Gabriel, -and her son Fabricio de la Ossa is deputy sheriff there— ibgS- 
 
 I " To secure lands for fanning purposes, it was in former years necessary to get the written con- 
 sent of the Missionary under whose control they were, ere the government could give legitimate posses- 
 sion, therefore their acquisition depended entirely upon the good will of the Friar."— Z-z/e in Calijorina; 
 Robinson, p. 218. 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Pascual" in the Spanish language], 1827 ; and the ranch thus took its name 
 from the name of the day in the church calendar on which it was first for- 
 mall}^ deeded to individual ownership. Thus Kulalia Perez de Guillen 
 became the first person who ever held civil tenure of the land where Pasa- 
 dena now stands ; and of this worthy woman, Dr. J. P. Widney, in " Cali- 
 fornia of the South," page 154, says : 
 
 "In 1878 [June 8] Eulalia Perez de Guillen died here [San Gabriel 
 Mission], aged one hundred and forty-three years, she having been born at 
 Loreto in Lower California, in 1735. The age of Senora de Guillen has 
 been established ])eyond a doubt." 
 
 In May, 1890, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr wrote a strong article in the Sacra- 
 mento Record- Union advocating state division ; and in it she says incident- 
 ally, that she spent the winter of 1869-70 in L,os Angeles, and sometimes 
 rode out across the rancho San Pasqual to visit B. D. Wilson's place, and 
 the old San Gabriel Mission, — and adds: "I found Eulalia Perez, the first 
 owner of rancho San Pasqual, where Pasadena now stands, who had, in the 
 practice of her profession (midwifery) brought Gov. Pio Pico, and nearly all 
 the venerable persons of local distinction, into the world ; waiting for the 
 hand which should preserve the interesting story of her life. "^ 
 
 She waited in vain for an earthly biog- 
 rapher ; but the recording angel's book of life 
 tells how unselfishly she w^orked more than a 
 hundred years for the good of others. 
 
 A daughter of this woman, Senora Maria 
 Guillen de Lopez, is still living at San Gabriel, 
 a widow aged eighty-three years. She was 
 born at San Diego in 181 2,t but was raised 
 at San Gabriel. Her husband was a son of 
 the historic Claudio Lopez who held the office 
 of major domo at San Gabriel for thirty- 
 six years, and superintended the building 
 of the stone mill and the stone dam at 
 Wilson's lake, as well as the stone ditch 
 and water walls of the later one called " Chap- 
 man's mill," which are still visible across the 
 street south from the old Mission church. 
 Her son, Mr. Theodore Lopez, aged forty- 
 five, also resides at San Gabriel- an intelli- 
 gent and well-informed gentleman, who 
 speaks the English language well, although 
 
 ♦•'Another old lady, Senora I-;ulalia I'ercz de Guillen, died here |San Gabriel] in 1878, at the ripe old 
 age of one h\indred and forty [143] years. She was born below San Diego, in Lower California, in 
 i7-!5, three years after the birth of Georee Washington; in is,s4 she married Francisco Villabobns de 
 Zavin. who dird aged one hundred and twelve years."— /')y)A C. /•". HoUirr, in " .)// Ahoiit Pasadrna." 
 p. 4 /. 
 
 This is all a mistake as to her marrying Villabobas in 185,1, or any other time. Her second hns- 
 
 EULALIA PEREZ DE GUILLEN 
 
 Photo taken in i>^77, less than a year 
 
 before she died 
 
DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADENIAN. 63 
 
 Spanish is his mothers tongue. On August 30, 1894, and five or six times 
 afterward, I had long interviews with him and his mother in regard to old 
 matters of the Mission. They are frank-hearted, candid people, telling 
 things to the best of their recollection ; and I gathered from them particu- 
 lars about the hi.storic old mills and other information nowhere found in 
 print. 
 
 THE GARFIAS OWNERSHIP. 
 
 In 1844 Dona Encarnacion, widow of Don Francisco Abila, took the 
 ranch ; put on to it the number of horses, horned cattle and sheep which 
 the Mexican law required to make a claim valid ; built an adobe house at 
 the historic spring on the Arroyo bluff, which had aforetime supplied the 
 aborigines, and now supplies Lincoln Park with pure water ; sent her major 
 domo there to superintend the ranch; paid Jose Perez's family for their im- 
 provements, and used the adobe house which Perez had built for her 
 vaqueros to live in. Thus Dona Encarnacion was the real founder of the 
 rancho, as an industrial enterprise. It had been granted to her new son- 
 in-law, Lieut. -Col. Garfias, November 28, 1843, by Gov. Micheltorena ; and 
 she took it in hand to manage it, while he attended to his soldier business. 
 The Pasadena titles all trace to Garfias 's U. S. patent, 1863. 
 
 THE GARFIAS FAMILY. 
 
 Don Manuel ■ Garfias first came to California in August, 1842, as a 
 young Lieut. -Colonel in Gov. Micheltorena' s army, which stopped at San 
 Diego awhile, but came to Los Angeles in September. Here they remained 
 three months, the Governor's staff and army officers enjoying almost a con- 
 tinual round of feasting and dancing, with bull fights, bear baiting, cock- 
 fighting, and other national sports. And in the midst of it all, young 
 Garfias fell in love with Senorita Luisa, the beautiful daughter of Dona En- 
 carnacion Abila, she being then a belle in the highest circles of Spanish 
 society. And the young couple were married in January or February, 1843. 
 In November, a girl baby was born to Lieut. -Col. Garfias ; and as he was 
 a favorite with the fatherly old governor, Micheltorena, that dignitary now 
 gave him a grant of rancho San Pasqual, which would make a "Don" of him, 
 and put him on a social footing with the family and relatives of his wife. 
 This grant bears date of November 28, 1843, a few months before Garfias's 
 mother-in-law. Dona Encarnacion, took possession of the ranch and stocked 
 
 band was Juan Marina, a gentleman from Spain — married about 1832. Kulalia's daughters and grand- 
 sons at San Gabriel had never heard of this Villabobas story until I asked them about it, and they were 
 quite indignant that such a misstatement had been published. 
 
 fAccording to Dr. Widney's dates, Eulalia was .seventy-seven years old when this daughter was 
 born ; and she had another daughter [now Senora Rita de la Ossa of San Gabriel] born still later; hence 
 I thought Dr. Widney's statement as to PUilalia's age could not be correct. But Mr. T. F. Barnes, of the 
 great printing house of Kingsley-Barnes & Neuner Co , t,os Angeles, assures me that he knew a Spanish- 
 Mexican woman at Phanix, Arizona, who had an eight-pound daughter born when she was reputed to 
 be eighty years old. He weighed the baby himself; then took pains to investigate as to the woman's 
 age. and found that she was really seventy-four years old, instead of eighty. So we thought Southern 
 California climate might easily beat .Arizona by four or five years on the baby question, without straining 
 the record. 
 
64 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 it. On February 20-21, 1845, occurred the battle of Cahueiiga, which 
 resulted in Micheltorena being forced to return to Mexico, with all his im- 
 ported troops, and Pio Pico being again made governor of California. [For 
 account of this battle, see Chap. 17.] Garfias, however, did not return, 
 but remained here with his family. And on May 7, 1846, Gov. Michel- 
 torena's grant to him of rancho San Pasqual was confirmed by the depart- 
 mental assembly, then in session at lyOS Angeles, and by Gov. Pio Pico ; for 
 by this time Dona Kncarnacion had fully complied with the law as to live 
 stock and improvements on the land. 
 
 During the military operations of the Mexican war period, 1846-47, Gar- 
 fias took horses from this ranch to mount the soldiers of his own command. 
 And after the defeats of January 8 and 9, 1847, it was from their camp on 
 this ranch that he and Gen. Flores started l)ack to old Mexico, while Gen. 
 Andres Pico made the capitulation with Col. Fremont. When Gen. Scott 
 finally captured the City of Mexico, in September, 1847, the whole Mexican 
 army became prisoners of war, Garfias included. The prisoners were of 
 course paroled ; and Garfias returned to Los Angeles, where he became an 
 American citizen under the treaty of peace between Mexico and the United 
 States. In 1850 he was one of the regidores [councilmen] of lyOS 
 Angeles; and in 1850-51 he served as county treasurer. In 1852-53 he 
 built his great and costly adobe house or hacienda on rancho San Pasqual — 
 a sort of country palace according to the fashion of the time — near by where 
 Dona Kncarnacion had built a house for her major domo in 1844. ^'^ 
 1853 his son Manuel K. was born here ; and in 1855 his son Mariano Jose al- 
 so — the first white race children ever born on the ranch. In 1858-59 60 he 
 was in Mexico and took part in the contests between Gen. Miramon's faction 
 and President Juarez, for he seems to have still held the rank of Lieut. -Col. 
 in the Mexican army. In 1869 or '70 President Grant appointed him U. S. 
 consul at Tepic, in Mexico ; and the Centennial History of Los Angeles, 
 county [1876] speaks of him as then living at Tepic. In 1895 ^^ i^ living in 
 the City of Mexico, as I learn from his brother-in-law, Theodore Rimpau.of 
 Anaheim. 
 
 Mrs. Garfias was a woman of superior mind, like her mother before her, 
 the latter being a Sepulveda, and aunt to Hon. Ignacio Sepuh^eda, who 
 served with honor, ability and good repute as judge of the Los Angeles dis- 
 trict and county courts from 1870 to 1884 — and had also been a.ssemblyman 
 in 1864-65. As .soon as American or English-speaking schools were opened 
 in Los Angeles she .sent her boys to them. This was protested against by her 
 vSpanish friends, and especially by the church influence ; but she replied that 
 it was plain enough the Americans were going to fill up and occupy this coun- 
 try; its bu.siness would be done in the English language ; and she did not want 
 her boys to come up with the disadvantage of not being able to both read 
 and .speak the business language of the country. This was at once a moth- 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADKNIAN, 65 
 
 erly and stateswomanly view of the case, and she had the force of character 
 to carry it out. While Don Manuel Garfias was serving as U. S. consul in 
 Mexico she put her boys into college there, and lived in the City of Mexico 
 herself fo,r some years to give them her motherly oversight. Wm. Heath 
 Davis of San Francisco in his book " Sixty Years in California," p. 312-13, 
 gives the following narrative : 
 
 " Dona Luisa Abila de Garfias, a California lady, born in the city of Los 
 Angeles, a relative of two noted families there of great wealth and married 
 to a citizen of Mexico, — was attractive for her remarkably fine personal ap- 
 pearance and superior conversational powers. On Christmas, 1880, she was 
 visiting in San Diego, and I was interested in her account of her life in the 
 City of Mexico, where she had lived for a number of years. Although fifty- 
 six years of age she had not a gray hair in her head. The lady relates that 
 when Juarez was elected president of the Mexican Republic, Miramon with 
 his forces opposed him, and designed effecting his capture, so as to prevent 
 him taking the office. [1858.] Dona Luisa, having large estates in Los An- 
 geles county, plenty of resources and ready money (as had her husband 
 also), proposed to Juarez to furnish him with means, horses, escort, funds — 
 everything needed for him and his family to make a safe retreat to the 
 mountains, where he could remain until such time as his friends should or- 
 ganize a sufficient force to defeat Miramon and his schemes, after which he 
 could safely take the position of president of the Republic. Juarez accepted 
 her proposal, and she actually carried the plans into effect, with entire suc- 
 cess. Subsequently, during the administration of Juarez, her friendly ser- 
 vices in his behalf were duly recognized, and appreciation accorded from 
 Mrs. Juarez also. Don Garfias, the husband, distinguished himself in the 
 engagements of the Californians against Commodore Stockton at San Gabriel 
 [ford] in the winter of 1846-47, having then a command in the native forces. 
 In that fight he behaved bravely. Subsequently he acted as United States 
 consul at Tepic, Mexico."* 
 
 PASADENA'S FIRST BOYS. 
 
 I will now give a sketch of Mrs. Garfias' two sons — the first white race 
 children ever born on Pasadena soil. In 1869-70 Byron O. Clark, now of Pas- 
 adena, and his father-in-law, B. F. E. Kellogg, bought a 640-acre farm at 
 Anaheim, and the first man they hired to work for them was Manuel E. 
 Garfias, t then [spring of 1870] about seventeen years old, having been born 
 at the Garfias hacienda of Rancho San Pasqual in 1853. On October 29, 
 1870, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was started by a man named G. W. 
 Barter, and young Garfias went there to learn the printer's trade ; and he 
 was at work in the office when Chas. A. Gardner [now of the Pasadetta 
 
 *It is interesting to note that our Pasadenaland Garfias family was on the right side in this contest. 
 Miramon led the anti-liberal or clerical party in rebellion against Juarez, the lawful President, in 1858 to 
 i860. But he was utterly defeated and made his escape to Europe ; there he aided in working up the Max- 
 imilian scheme of Empire, under patronage of Louis Napoleon ; he came back to Mexico as one of Maxi- 
 milian's chief officers, and was captured and shot with that misguided prince in 1867. So our Pasadena 
 family bore a part in stirring historic events in Mexico as well as here. By collating some documents 
 which I specially obtained from the City of Mexico, with other records in California, I gather that Gar- 
 fias was a I,ieut. -Colonel in the regular Mexican army when he first came to Los Angeles in 1842 ; and he 
 had a brother who was a Colonel in the army in Mexico. 
 
 fHe was then living in the family f Theodore Rimpau, whose wife, Fraacisca-, was sister lo Mrs. 
 Garfias. 
 
66 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 Daily Star'\ bought it in 1871. Young Garfias had attended English schools 
 both in Los Angeles and Anaheim, and was reckoned the smartest boy in 
 school to "speak apiece" — hence he was much in demand for entertain- 
 ment occasions, and naturally enough was somewhat proud of it. Sub- 
 sequently he attended St. Vincent's college in Los Angeles, and graduated 
 there. Then he went back to Mexico and studied law — but at last drifted 
 into military life, won his way step by step, and finally reached the rank of 
 General. He was killed in battle in Honduras in April, 1893, while com- 
 manding troops in defense of the lawful government of that republic to 
 which he had offered his services against insurgents. 
 
 In my researches upon this family I procured documents from the City 
 of Mexico ; and in a Mexican publication called El Universal, dated Febru- 
 ary 21, 1891, there was a sketch of this Pasadena boy which Arturo Bandini 
 kindly translated for me, and from it I quote this passage : 
 
 "The love of country and the career of arms is traditional in the 'Garfias 
 family ; valor also is a hereditary trait. The father of our young Colonel 
 [afterward General] was Lieut. -Col. Manuel Garfias who fought bravely in 
 upper California against the Americans till the end of that war. Another 
 Col. Garfias, an uncle of Don Mariano and his brother our present subject, 
 is well known in our history as having occupied military positions above 
 any other one of equal rank, his probity, valor and talents in military af- 
 fairs being fully recognized. Worthy son and nephew of these military chief- 
 tains is young Col. Garfias, born in the flourishing city of Los Angeles [on 
 rancho San Pasqual — now Pasadena], upper California, thirty-nine years 
 ago [1852]. He was educated in the colleges of that state, receiving his 
 diploma therefrom.* In early youth he devoted himself for some time to 
 the study of law ; but he had mis.sed his vocation ; his love and destiny was 
 the military profession. He had ancestors from whom to inherit it ; and as 
 his father and uncle were called to fill distinguished careers of arms, he 
 determined to follow in their footsteps." 
 
 Mariano Jose Garfias, the second boy born on Pasadena soil, is now a 
 reputable lawyer in the City of Mexico ; and he had the distinguished honor 
 of being secretary and sub-delegate of the Mexican Commission to the great 
 Columbian World's Fair at Chicago in 1893. 
 
 JUDGE EATON'S ACCOUNT OF THE GARFIAS HOUSE. 
 
 " I came onto the San Pasqual Rancho, the present site of Pasadena, in 
 December, 1858, This Rancho was a Spanish grant made to Don Manuel 
 Garfias, a Captain [Lieut. -Col.] in the Mexican army who served in the de- 
 fense of his country when the Americans under Commodore Stockton and 
 Fremont invaded this section. The Mexican grant, which called for three 
 and a half .square leagues (about 14,000 acres), was issued during Governor 
 Pico's administration in 1846 -only two years before the treaty of Hidalgo. 
 The only house on tlie rancho was the hacienda, located on the east bank of 
 
 *St. Vincent's colle^f at Los Angeles vvps sl.ii ted iu 1S67 ; and Manuel Iv Garfias and Arturo Han- 
 diui were students there together. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 67 
 
 the Arroyo Seco, on land now owned by G. W. Glover in vSouth Pasadena, 
 and was occupied by the grantee, together with his wite, Dona Luisa, and 
 a large family of children.* Mrs. Garfias was a niece [sister's daughter] of 
 Don Jose Sepulveda who was the father of Hon. Ignacio Sepulveda, for some 
 years presiding judge of this district. 
 
 ' ' The Garfias hacienda was at that time one of the finest country estab- 
 lishments in Southern California. It was a one-and-a-half story adobe 
 buildiag, with walls two feet thick, all nicely plastered inside and out, and 
 had an ample corridor extending all around. It had board floors, and 
 boasted of green blinds — a rare thing in those days. This structure cost 
 $5,000 — in fact, it cost Garfias his ranch, for he had to borrow money to 
 build it, and the prevailing rates of interest were four per cent per month — 
 to be compounded if not paid when due.f The title of the property passed 
 into the hands of Dr. John S. Griffin of Los Angeles, by purchase just before 
 I first came out here; and as my wife's health seemed to be failing in Los 
 Angeles and the change was recommended, I determined to take up my resi- 
 dence here To prepare for this step I left my wife and two children (Mary, 
 now Mrs. H. M. Johnston, and Fred, late city engineer of Los Angeles) 
 with her sister, Mrs. Dr. Griffin, and came out myself with stock, etc., tak- 
 ing possession of the premises just before Christmas, 1858. [It was in 1858 
 that Dr. Griffin loaned Garfias $8,000, as he told me. — Ed.] 
 
 " No attempt had ever been made to divert the waters of the Arroyo 
 upon the ranch lands, so that cultivation of them was impracticable except 
 for such crops as would mature with the winter rains — chiefly wheat and 
 barley. I had brought with me quite a little herd of American cows which 
 I had been gathering and raising for years, and I did not at that time turn 
 my attention to anything but stock, and dairy produce. My wife did not 
 live to join me here, but lingered until the following May. Her death 
 broke up my plans, and in July following I rented my dairy stock and left 
 the ranch — not returning again until February, 1865." 
 
 Some further historic incidents connected with the original San Pasqual 
 ranch house (the "Garfias adobe" as it was familiarly called by Pasadena's 
 early .settlers) may here be noted. On the brink of the Arroyo bluff" a few 
 rods from the house a bountiful'spring gurgled out under a great spreading 
 oak tree, and this spring was the determining cause for locating the house 
 here. The Indians had one of their villages near here when the Spaniards 
 first came in January, and again in April, 1770, This spring is now closely 
 boxed up and its waters piped to Lincoln Park, where it furnishes the sup- 
 ply for domestic and irrigation purposes in that oak-embowered settlement. 
 
 *The Garfias children were six : three hoys— Enrique, born at I,os Angeles, was sheriff at Phoenix, 
 Arizona, in 1S94-95, and had been deputy IT. S. marshal before. Manuel F.., the General, and Mariano 
 Jose, the lawyer, as before explained. Three girls, Angelina Salome — now Mrs Lambeck of San Diego. 
 Mauuelita—novf Mrs. Alejandro Sabin of Tia Juaua. Laura — now Mrs. Lainesse of Sau Francisco. 
 The girls were all born at Los Angeles. 
 
 t"In 1851 a common interest of money wns five percent, permonth often ten per cent.; a rate that 
 commenced in i848-'49, with the loans of John Temple to the hundreds eager to share in the 'bonanza ' 
 at any sacrifice." — {^Centennial Hist. Los A. Co., p. 4^. 
 
68 HISTOKV OF PASADKNA. 
 
 During the boom days of 1886-87, G. W. Glover, Sr., laid off hisland, which 
 included the site of the old Garfias hacienda, into town lots, and this made 
 it necessary to pull down all that remained of the heavy adobe walls and 
 grade the ground. This was done in November, 1888. Cottages have been 
 built on each side of it, but the lot where the historic old hacienda stood is 
 still vacant (1894) and now owned by Geo. W. Glover, Jr., editor of the 
 South Pasadenan. 
 
 While engaged in building his ranch house, Senor Garfias made a 
 road up over the Arroyo hills nearly opposite the head of Colorado street, to 
 get timber from a fine sycamore grove which then grew on what is now 
 known as the Campbell-Johnson ranch. That old road was quite a con- 
 spicuous object, in plain view from Pasadena for nearly twenty years, and 
 had been facetiously dubbed " Fremont's Trail" by D. M. Berry, the col- 
 ony secretary ; the name stuck, and the majority of early Pasadenians really 
 believed that Gen. Fremont had made that road ; but Fremont never saw 
 nor heard of it. Garfias made it, and the rafters for his house and timbers 
 for the rear veranda, besides poles and posts for corrals and various other 
 uses were all hauled or dragged down that miscalled "Fremont's trail." 
 It is now (1895) almost entirely obliterated by the grading and improve- 
 ments made by Mr. J. \V. Scoville on those Arroyo hills. As this " Garfias 
 adobe" was the one historic manor house of Pasadenaland, I quote here an- 
 other account of it published some years ago : 
 
 "The wood work was mostly of Oregon pine. The posts which sup- 
 ported the projecting roof were of redwood. The interior was plastered and 
 nicely finished throughout. It was the finest country house in Los Angeles 
 county, but it cost Garfias the ranch. When interest on the borrowed 
 money amounted to $1,000, and he saw no way to pay it, he went to Dr. 
 Griffin and told him that if he would give him $2,000 more he would make 
 him a deed for the ranch. Griffin did not want the place,* and he would 
 never have foreclosed the mortgage ; but to oblige Garfias the $2,000 ad- 
 ditional was paid over, and the Doctor received the deed for the ranch, 
 which contained nearly 14,000 acres." 
 
 Dr. Griffin informed me in July, 1895,. that Garfias built his hacienda 
 in about 1853, and it was not till 1858 that he [Griffin] loaned Garfias 
 $8,000 (not $3,000 as has been commonly reported), taking security on the 
 land. And when the additional $2,000 was furnished Garfins, it was to pay 
 for the personal property — the farm implements, tools, work horses, oxen, 
 etc., that were then on the ranch. It was thought at the time by business 
 men of Los Angeles that he had paid a great price for the place. 
 
 *Ex-Mayor Spence of Los Angeles in a public speech at Pasadena's great Citrus Fair in iSSs, said 
 that when he first rode over rancho San Pasqual in the early ^o's he would not have given twenty-five 
 cents an acre for it in fact he would have hesitated to take it as a free gift and agree to pay taxes on it. 
 And in iS74, when H. I). Wilson made a free gift to the Orange Grove colony of 1400 acres up where Al- 
 tadena now lies, the colony men generallv felt that they could not alTord to accept it; but on learning 
 that the taxes were all paid they ventured to risk its acceptance. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 69 
 
 THE WII.SON AND GRIFFIN OWNERSHIP. 
 
 The next step in the evolutional progress of San Pasqual Rancho was 
 in 1867, when B. D. Wilson and Dr. Griffin as joint owners had a ditch 
 made to convey the waters of the Arroyo Seco from Devil's Gate up onto 
 the second bottom, with a view to irrigate the land and raise alfalfa hay for 
 summer feeding of their ranch stock.* Judge Eaton had the job of making 
 the ditch, which was at first only a small dirt-bed channel, and extended 
 down to the knoll or rise of ground east of the old Tirrell house where John 
 W. Wilson resided from 1871 till 1890. Judge Eaton also "bossed the 
 job" of building this adobe tenant house, which was for the use of a man 
 named Tirrell, who was then engaged in working the land, while a man 
 named Sam Kramer had charge of the stock ranging on the ranch. The al- 
 falfa land, to keep the stock off from it, was fenced with pickets and posts 
 brought down over the old trail from Wilson's Peak ; and the house was 
 roofed with shakes from the same source, some of which can be seen there 
 yet [1894]. This Wilson ditch was the first attempt made to lead the waters 
 of the Arroyo Seco out upon the summer-desert mesa lands and make them 
 habitable by civilized man ; and it presented to the eye in a most striking 
 manner the famous California illusion of "water running up hill." 
 
 COMPLETE CHAIN OF TITLE OF RANCHO SAN PASQUAL, FROM 1 769 TO 1 874. 
 
 There has been some variance of opinion and an occasional dispute as 
 to who originally owned the Rancho San Pasqual ; and semi-occasionally a 
 rumor is whispered around that somebody, somehow, somewhere, is going to 
 rip up the title, and play smash generally with the conveyance tenures of its 
 present occupants. I have therefore taken pains to collect and prepare a 
 succinct schedule of dates, names and conveyance of title from the first — a 
 body of most valuable historical matter which has never before been collect- 
 ed or made public. 
 
 In 1769 the Spanish crown first took formal possession and made occu- 
 pancy of Upper Cahfornia, under Gov. Portola, although certain navigators 
 had claimed the country for vSpain nearly a century before. (See Chap i.) 
 
 In 1 77 1 the Mission San Gabriel was established, and it took possession 
 of the territory now comprised in Eos Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside 
 and Orange counties. Its tenure and jurisdiction of this territory was in ac- 
 cordance with Spanish law, and had the special sanction, confirmation and 
 support of the Spanish sovereign. 
 
 In March, 1826, Father Zalvidea was removed from his position as 
 Friar Superior of San Gabriel, which he had held for twenty years, and sent 
 to San Juan Capistrano. He had overworked himself and everybody else at 
 
 *In the county assessment of 185S B. D. Wilson is taxed on $20,648 valuation ; Dr. J. S. Griffin on 
 $15,000 ; and Abel Stearns on $186,386. But Stearns' assessment included property which rightly be- 
 longed to his father-in-law, Don Juan Bandini, who had trusted him to manage his estates. 
 
yo HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 San Gabriel, in his zeal to make it a great success, till lie had fallen into a 
 state of exploitive monomania ; for he was then negotiating for an enormous 
 purchase of iron to build iron fences around the gardens and orchards of the 
 Mission — a preposterous and crazy project.* These were reasons enough for 
 his removal, without imagining "jealousy," as Bancroft and other writers 
 have done.f 
 
 At San Juan Capistrano he prepared a deed for three and a half square 
 leagues of land to Eulalia Perez de Guillen and sent it to Father vSanchez, 
 his friend and successor at San Gabriel. The Mexican government having 
 become independent of Spain in 1822, had already' twice pa.ssed decrees for 
 secularizing the Mi.ssions ; and although the.se decrees were not enforced, 
 the work of disintegration and gradual breaking up had commenced — and 
 these two priests wished to provide for this faithful and devoted woman in 
 her old age, for her life had been " full of good works." Zalvidea had ver- 
 bally promised or given her the ranch some time before, but no deed of it 
 was made out until after he went to San Juan Capistrano. Then he sent it 
 to Padre Sanchez, who accordingly [as the story goe.s] on Raster Day ("San 
 Pasqual" in Spani.sh), 1826,1 confirmed and ratified at San Gabriel the deed 
 to Eulalia Perez de Guillen, of the body of land thenceforth known as 
 " Rancho San Pasqual." This was in due accord with Spanish and Mexi- 
 can law at the time, and was thus a valid title as far as it went ; but Kulalia 
 was old, and had no skill or knowledge in matters of law and had no one to 
 act for her who knew any more as to what further steps were necessary on 
 her part than she did herself; and the result was that her deed was never 
 entered on the civil records. lyikewise the law required certain buildings to 
 be erected on such land grants, and a prescribed amount of horses, sheep 
 and cattle to be maintained there, etc., in order to complete the title ;^ but 
 she and her family failed to fulfill these conditions, and consequently of 
 course her claim became forfeited. I did not succeed in finding this original 
 deed nor any copy of it, but I did find and talk with people who had 
 seen it while it was preserved in the family, for her death did not occur un- 
 til June 8, 1878, at San Gabriel. Her grandson, Theodore Lopez, told me 
 
 *" He purchased large quantities of irou with the intention of railing in all of the vineyards and 
 gardens." — Hugo Reid. 
 
 t"Two aged missionary friars resided here [San Juan Capistrano, .\pril, 1S29], Padre Geroninio Bos- 
 cana. and Padre /oi^ Maria Zalvidea— \.\\(t latter though at this time secluded and apparently weak in 
 mind, once took an ac.ive and laborious part in the management of the Missions." — Robinson' s "Life in 
 Cali/orina," p. 2H. 
 
 Boscana was afterward sent to San Gabriel, and died there July 5, 1831. Padre Zalvidea was still 
 living in 1.S4041, in active sen-ice among the Mission Indians of San Juan Capistrano and vicinity. He 
 died at San I.uis Key early in 1S46, while still on duty as a missionary to the Indians, especially those of 
 Sin Pasqual village. 
 
 ;zalvldea was transferred in March, only two or three weeks before Kaster Sunday, and he sent 
 the deed up to San Gabriel in time to have it ofTicially ratified by Sanchez on that day, 1826 (1827, iu 
 top line of page 62, is a misprint). 
 
 g At that lime Monterey was thecapital, and the deed would have to be taken there for record, a 
 transaction which of course would involve considerable expense ; and she was very poor, besides being 
 then already verv old, .'Vl.so, she ha<l no money to buy stock for the ranch, nor to build a house anil live 
 there. This explains how it happened that she failed to complete her title and hold the ranch. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 7 1 
 
 that the last he heard of the deed was that Felipe Lugo had it. Don Felipe 
 was justice of the peace in 1840 (when the ranch was granted to Enrique 
 Sepulveda and Jose Perez), and again in 1850. 
 
 Some years after the ranch had been given to old Eulalia, there came to 
 vSan Gabriel a fine appearing gentleman of straight Castilian blood, recently 
 from Spain, Juan Marine by name, who had held for a while some public 
 office at San Diego. He wooed the aged Eulalia and married her. But 
 they did not get along well together ; so they agreed to divide their property 
 and go apart. Eulaha took his bit of land and house where the San Gab- 
 riel public school now stands, for her portion, and gave to Marine the 
 Rancho San Pasqual, which was solely hers. 
 
 [Note. — I made nine unsuccessful trips hunting for documents on this 
 Marine case, to E. Sorabjee, and the district court, and the federal court, 
 and to G. W. Hughes, and to Hervey Lindley ; but a tenth effort proved 
 successful after this chapter was in type, ready for press. And I find that 
 in 1833, Don Juan Marine [pronounced Mar-e-naji] was in possession of 
 "Rancho el Rincon de San Pascual." December 27, 1833, the governor 
 made inquiry about it of the City Council of lyOS Angeles. They replied : 
 "Juan Marine has all the requisites required bylaw to be heard in his 
 petition." In February, 1835, Governor Figueroa granted the ranch to 
 Marine. In 1838 Marine died. April i, 1839, Fruto Marine, his son, 
 sold his interest in the ranch to Jose Perez for ' ' six horses and ten head of 
 cattle. ' ' In July of same year Antonio Silva and Deciderio Belardi (sons- 
 in-law of Marine) and his two other sons, Filomeno and Rafaela Marine, 
 sold their interests to Jose Perez, — but as to Chino Silvas, another son-in- 
 law, I did not find whether he sold or not. The Marine family had some 
 crops on the ranch, but apparently never built any permanent house on it, 
 nor stocked it according to law. Jose Perez built the adobe house which 
 still stands, and lived there in 1839-40. His heirs finally sold their interest 
 to Dona Encarnacion Abila ; she stocked the place as the law required, being 
 the first person to do this ; and her rights all passed over to her son-in-law, 
 Don Manuel Garfias. — Ed.] 
 
 The first white man who ever made a home on Rancho San Pasqual 
 was Jose Perez, a son of Eulalia's cousin, Esteban Perez. Jose's wife was 
 Merced lyUgo, sister to his uncle Eranio Perez's wife ; but after Jose's death 
 she married the American, Stephen C. Foster, who was the first alcalde 
 [mayor and judge] of Los Angeles under American rule — 1847-48-49, and 
 was a member and secretary of the first State Constitutional convention of 
 California, being a graduate of Yale College and a proficient scholar in the 
 Spanish language. Jose Perez built the west L, of the old adobe house 
 recently occupied by E. Sorabjee, as manager of the Raymond Improvement 
 Company's large tract south of Raymond Hill, and lived there in 1839. 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 HOUSE BUILT BY JOSE PEREZ ON RANCHO SAN PASQUAL IN 1839. 
 Still standing, 1S95. 
 
 Senora Maria Lopez told me that he was a favorite violin player for the young 
 people to dance. He was now sick — thought he was going to die, and sent 
 word to her to come up to his house and hear him play on his violin for the 
 last time ; so she walked from San Gabriel up there to visit him. She could 
 not <-ell what year it was. I asked which one of her children was a baby at 
 that time, and in this way she made out that this incident occurred in 1839. 
 He removed to Los Angeles for medical treatment soon after, and did not 
 die at once — for in 1840 Gov. Alvarado made a grant of Rancho San Pas- 
 qual to Jose Perez and Enrique Sepulveda. But neither of them ever 
 stocked the ranch with horses, sheep and cattle, as the law ref^uired — 
 hence their claim was "abandoned" and the ranch was still public land, 
 open for somebody else to take. 
 
 On November 28, 1843, this ranch was granted^ by Gov. Manuel 
 Micheltorena to Don Manuel Garfias, a young officer of the Mexican army 
 who had come here with the governor. And this grant was confirmed to 
 him by the Departmental Assembly and Gov. Pio Pico on May 7th, 1846. 
 [See Los Angeles records. Book i, page 14, of Patents.] 
 
 March 9, 1850, Manual Garfias conveyed to Carlos Hanewald a body 
 of land " one mile Sfiuare," with no boundaries given, but simply this vague 
 description : " Commencing where the Arroyo turns upward on the tillable 
 lands there." For tliis he was to pay $2000; but he failed to pay — and 
 on Deceiiil^er 3, 1850, one John Pine appears with Hanewald in a new 
 contract for the inirchase. They were to pay $600 down, and the balance 
 of purchase money was to draw 4 per cent, per month, (or 4S per cent. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PA.SADKNIAN. 73 
 
 annual interest !) — all to be paid within one year ; or, failing of this, they 
 were to forfeit all payments and improvements they had made, without 
 recourse. It was an iron -clad contract. Their plans failed ; and all their 
 claims, interests and improvements reverted to Garfias.* Thus the Spanish 
 Don was nearly forty years ahead of the Yankees as a " boomer ' ' of these 
 lands. His prices (according to the times) and his rate of interest beat any 
 record of Pasadena's famous "boom" period — so the "boom class" will 
 have to let this historic old Spaniard go up head. 
 
 On April 25, 1854, the United States Board of Land Commissioners 
 passed judgment on the validity of the Garfias claim above mentioned, and 
 confirmed it — and thus the Rancho San Pasqual entered upon its first legal 
 status and recognition under the United States law.f 
 
 On September 18, 1858, a document was issued at San Francisco and 
 signed by I. W. Mandeville, United States Surveyor General for California, 
 from which I quote the following points of historic record in regard to this 
 ranch. [Book i, p. 14 of Patents, Los Angeles Co.] 
 
 "Whereas, it appears from a duly authenticated transcript, filed in the 
 General Land Office of the United States that, pursuant to the provisions of 
 the Act of Congress, approved the third of March, one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and fifty-one, entitled, " An Act to ascertain and settle the Private 
 Land Claims in the State of California, Manuel Garfias, as claimant, filed 
 his petition on the sixteenth day of September, 1852, with the commisioners 
 to ascertain and settle the Private Land Claims in the State of California, 
 sitting as a Board in the City of Los Angeles, in which petition he claimed 
 the confirmation of his title to a tract of land called San Pasqual, contain- 
 ing three and one-half square leagues, a little more or less, situated in the 
 County of Los Angeles and State aforesaid : said claim being founded on 
 a Mexican Grant to the petitioner, made on the 28th day of November, 
 1843, by Manuel Micheltorena, then Governor of the Department of the 
 Californias, and approved by the Departmental Assembly on the 7th day of 
 May, 1846. And, Whereas, the Board of Land Commissioners aforesaid, 
 on the 25th day of April, 1854, rendered a Decree of Confirmation in favor 
 of the claimant, which Decree or Decision was on appeal affirmed by the 
 District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California. 
 And the said Cou^t further adjudged and decreed that the claim of the 
 above mentioned Appellee is good and valid, and the same is confirmed to 
 him, to the exent of three and one-half square leagues within the bound- 
 
 *5omeof our pioneer settlers in 1870-74 noticed the crumbling walls of an adobe house on the Arroyo 
 bottom at foot of Hanaford's bluff, a short distance above Sheep Corral Springs ; also remains of old 
 water ditches there and at other places along up the Arroyo. It has always been a great mystery who 
 made them. They were simply relics of work done by Hanewald and Pine, who believed they could 
 wash gold from these Arro5^o sand beds. 
 
 fAugust 27th, 1S52. the United States Land Commissioners reached Los Angeles. September i5th 
 Garfias filed his petition on his San Pasqual claim. September 23rd, says the Centennial History, p. 44, 
 " there was a grand ball at the dwelling of Don Manuel Garfias, in honor of the Land Commissioners." 
 This of course was a social aflfair at the very top of the scale in Los Angeles society. The Garfias man- 
 sion was a spacious structure of adobe, and fronted on Main street at corner of First street, where the 
 Lichtenberger block now stands. Mr. G. W. Robinson, now 86 years old, and his wife(of 441 Commercial 
 street), then lived in a part of the Garfias house and were at this grand ball. The commissioners had 
 rooms in the same building. Mr. Robinson was deputy sheriff several years; and at another time 
 had a lot of his own stock on Rancho San Pasqual, and built tor himself a house made of tules, up • 
 against Dona Encarnacion Abila's adobe house, before Garfias ever lived on the ranch. Mr and Mrs. 
 Robinson were the parents of the first child ever born in Southern California whose parents were both 
 Americans. 
 
74 HLSTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 aries described in the grant and tiie Map to whi?h the grant refers, to-wit : 
 On the east of the Rancho of " Santa Anita," on the west by the bluff of 
 the Arroyo Seco, on the north the Sierra, and on the south the range of 
 hills near the road to Los Angeles, these the said hills being included in the 
 said described premises, provided that should there be a less quantity than 
 three and a half square leagues within the said boundaries, then confirma- 
 tion is hereby made of said less quantity. 
 
 " And, Whereas, it further appears from a duly certified transcript, 
 filed in the General Land Office, that the Attorney General of the United 
 States having given notice that it was not the intention of the United 
 States to prosecute the appeal heretofore taken in this cause, the aforesaid 
 District Court, at the December term, 1856, ordered that the order of appeal 
 heretofore granted in this cause be and the same hereby is vacated, 
 and the Appellee has leave to proceed under the Decree of this Court 
 heretofore rendered in his favor as a final Decree. 
 
 " The said tract has been surveyed in conformity with the grant 
 thereof and the said decision. And I do hereby certify the annexed map 
 to be a true and accurate plat of the said tract of land as appears by the 
 field notes of the survey thereof made by Henry Hancock, Deputy Sur- 
 veyor, in the month of August, A. D. 1858, under the direction of this 
 office, which having been examined and approved, are now on file therein. 
 And I do further certify that under and by virtue of the said confirmation 
 and Survey, the said Manuel Garfias is entitled to a Patent from the United 
 States upon the presentation hereof to the General Land Office for the said 
 tract of land. 
 
 Surveyor Hancock's field notes showed 28 different courses in the bound- 
 ary line of the ranch, which illustrates the curiously irregular shape of the 
 body of land described ; and this was equally true of nearly all of the old 
 Mission or Spanish land grants. 
 
 On January 15th, 1859, Manuel Garfias and Lnisa Abila, his wife, ex- 
 ecuted a deed to Benjamin D. Wilson,* of "all right, title, interest, claim 
 and demand, both at law and in equity, as well in possession as in expect- 
 tancy of, in and to the real property * * ■ known as the Rancho de 
 San Pasqual," etc. Consideration, $1,800. This deed is recorded in Book 
 4, page 310 of Deeds, Los Angeles County. That was four years before 
 Garfias had obtained his United States patent for the land, and said patent 
 was the "expectancy" referred to in the above quoted recital of what in- 
 terests were conveyed. In fact, besides monetary interests, Wilson had a 
 special reason of a personal nature for aiding the Garfias claim before the 
 U. S. Land Commissioners. The rival claim, based on the prior grant of 
 1840, had become a sort of Lugo family affairt — and the Lngos were 
 
 * There is a biography of B. D. Wilsou ir. the History of I^os Angeles County, published by Thomp- 
 son & West in 1H80, on pages 36-37. 
 
 + As this is an interesting historic episode touching Pasadeuland. I will make it more clear. Old 
 Don Antonio Lugo originally owned the San Antonio ranch, .'g, 513 acres, and the Chiuo ranch, 16,000 
 acres. In 183,5 to 1840 he was'listed as owning 37.000 head of cattle, and 2,400 horses, lie had five sons. 
 as (o\\oy/a: Jose Afaria l.ugo, Felipe Lugo, fose del Cnt'neii l.ut;o, Vicente Lugo, Jose Aniouio /.//.ijo.and 
 four daughters— /7ffH/<?. wife of Kranio Perez and aunt of Jose Perez to whom (with Hnritpie Sepulveda) 
 the ranch had been granted in 1S40 ; Atetced. wife of Jose I'erez. and after his ilealh wife of Stephen C. 
 
 Foster, and claimant of the ranch before the U. S. Commission ; Maria Antonio, -wWni^i Vorlia : 
 
 yi/a>-/'<iy««i, wife of Isaac Williams whom H. D. Wilson believed had betrayed him at the battle ol 
 
niVISTON ONR — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 75 
 
 Specially obnoxious to Wilson. In the affair at Chino, in September, 1846, 
 when Wilson and his company of U. S. soldiers were all captured, he al- 
 ways believed that Isaac Williams betrayed him ; and Williams's wife was 
 one of the lyUgo women. Then when they were being marched to lyos 
 Angeles as prisoners, it was Capt. Jose del Carmen I^ugo who wanted to 
 shoot Wilson and all the rest ; and they were only saved from this fate by 
 the heroic and soldierly honor of Capt. Serbulo Barelas. Mrs. Merced 
 Lugo de Perez de Foster, the rival claimant of the ranch against Garfias, 
 was sister to Mrs. Williams and to Jose del Carmen and Felipe L,ugo — 
 while Mrs. Garfias was cousin to Wilson's first wife,* so here was a call for 
 him to take a hand in the fight for the ranch, and bring discomfiture upon 
 his old enemies thelyUgos. He therefore went into the contest, aided in its 
 management, and won the case. 
 
 On December 11, 1862, John S. Griffin and I^ouisa, his wife, deeded 
 to Benjamin D. Wilson and Margaret S. Wilson, his wife, for the consider- 
 ation of $500 a tract of 640 acres " on the Rancho Sati Pasqual, out of which 
 said Rancho the herein described lot of land is carved." [Book 6, p. 51.] 
 This conveyance included what was afterward known as the "Fair Oaks" 
 and the Allen property ; and the same day, to- wit : 
 
 On December 11, 1862, Benjamin D. Wilson and Margaret S. Wilson 
 his wife made a deed to Eliza G. Johnston of 262 acres of which the docu- 
 ment says : "The said tract hereby conveyed being part of the San Pas- 
 qual Ranch, and the southwesterly half of the land this day conveyed by 
 John S. Grifiin and Louisa his wife, to the parties of the first part herein ;" 
 etc. The consideration was $1,000. [Book 6, p. 53.] 
 
 This Mrs. Johnston was sister to Dr. Grifiin, and wife of Gen. Albert 
 Sidney Johnston, who was in command of the Department of California 
 when the war of 1861 commenced. Unionists at San Francisco reported 
 to Washington that Gen. Johnston was planning to turn the resources of his 
 command over to the confederate cause, as Gen. Twigg had done in Tex- 
 as ;t and he was thereupon superseded by Gen. Sumner. | Johnston re- 
 
 Chino. Don Felipe Lugo, justice of the peace, had the original deed that was made of the land to 
 Eulalia Perez de Guillen by the padres, and was trying to aid his sister Merced Foster, widow of his 
 nephew Jose Perez, in her case. However, their claim had the fatal defect of failure to put such build- 
 ings and such live stock on the ranch as the Mexican law of land grants required, this failure being due 
 to the death of Jose Perez before he could complete his undertaking. 
 
 *Dona Vicenta Yorba, widow of Don Tomas Yorba, and then managing the great Santa Ana 
 ranch herself, [January, 1S47], " was the aunt of Mr. Garfias, wile of the American Consul at Tepic, 
 Mexico." — See "' Si-iljy years in California, pp 432-3-4. 
 
 iGeo. Stoneman was a captain in command of Fort Brown, Texas, and was ordered by Gen. Twigg 
 to surrender the Fort to the secessionists. He refused to obey this order of the commanding General 
 but marched out with his own troops under the old flag and took steamer for New York, and afterward 
 became famous as a Union cavalry officer. And this was our Pasadenalaud Gen. Stoneman, Governor of 
 California from 1883 to 1SS7. Gen. Stoneman finst came to California in 1847, arriving at San Diego Jan- 
 uary 29th of that year as Lieut, in rst U. S. dragoons and quartermaster of the Mormon battal<on. 
 
 {Gen. Sumner was sent from Washington to San P'rancisco so secretly that the newspaper men 
 did not get hold of it. He went by steamer to the isthmus, then by .steamer up the coast The vessel ar- 
 rived off Golden Gate in the daytime but the General held her from running in until after nightfall ; 
 then instead of going directly to her own dock she landed him and his staff at another wharf a mile 
 nearer the Presidio or fort where Geu. Johnston had his headquarters. Gen. Sximner was met by the U. 
 
76 IITSTORV OF PASADKNA. 
 
 signed instead of reporting at Washington as ordered ; went south and 
 joined the confederac}- ; and was in joint command with Gen. Beauregard of 
 the confederate army at the battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, where he 
 was killed April 6, 1862. Mrs. Johnston occupied the land above men- 
 tioned, built a house on it, and named it " Fair Oaks," after the old planta- 
 tion home of her childhood in Virginia. April 27, 1863, her oldest son, 
 Albert Sidney, was killed in the historic steamboat explosion at San Pedro, 
 his body not being recovered until the 29th. This sad event affected her 
 mind and plans so disastrously that in a few weeks she left the place and 
 never returned to it. Dr. Griffin's wife and Judge B. S. Katon's first wife 
 were sisters; and Mrs. Johnston's son Hancock married Judge Katon's 
 daughter Mary ; and out of this interblending familyhood came the fact of 
 Judge Eaton's settling on this " Fair Oaks " place in 1866, where he still 
 resided (and owned it) when the Orange Grove colony settlement was made 
 in 1873-74. 
 
 On April 3, 1863, a United States patent for the land comprised in 
 Rancho San Pasqual, was issued to Manuel Garfias, with Abraham Lin- 
 coln's signature attached. [Book i p. 14 of Patents.] 
 
 On March 27, 1865, B. D. Wilson and John S. Griffin conveyed to 
 Phineas Banning, John G. Downey, Matthew Keller, George Hansen, and 
 R. W. Heath, trustees of the Los Angeles Pioneer Oil Co., " all their right, 
 title and interest to any and all brea, petroleum, rock oil or other oleaginous 
 .substances in the Rancho San Pasqual." But it was stipulated that they 
 must "commence boring or sinking wells for the extraction of oil within 
 six months ;" and the Oil Company was to pay Wilson and Griffin " a roy- 
 
 S. naval officer and the postmaster, and a few others known to be loyal unionists, besides a squad of lo- 
 cal militia in citizens' dress, with sidearms only, in command of Capt. D. M. Greene, now of Pasadena. 
 These formed his escort to the fort, where they arrived after midnight. Gen. Sumner went in alone, 
 and liMd Johnston called up out of bed. The two (ienerals had been classmates at West Point were in- 
 timately acquainted, shook hands cordially, then Sumner delivered the sealed documents from Wash- 
 ington directing- Johnston immediately upon the receipt of these orders to turn over his command to 
 Gen. Sumner. Johnston opened and read the papers, and then with a forced smile said, '' General, the 
 command is yours " Sumner spent the rest of the night in preparing orders, putting his own staff in 
 command, etc., so that when daylight arose California was saved to the union instead of being (as it 
 would have been in three days more) held in control by open adherents of the pro-slavery rebellion— for 
 this element was strong, boastful and bullying in California at that time. R. H. Williams of Pasadena 
 lived in San P'rancisco then, and was a member of Co. D Washington Light Infanlry— a local militia or- 
 ganization, and also vouches for these events. Mr. Williams afterward served in the California Battal- 
 ion of 2d Mass. cavalry. He is adjutant of John F. Godfrey Post G. A. R., in iSys. 
 
 Capt Greene has a copy of the Mesilla, Arizona, Ttmes[a secessionist paper] of .Augi'st .■?, iS6t, from 
 which I quote this; " The following named gentlemen under command of Capt. Alonzo Ri<iley, arrived 
 in our city on the 31st ult.. from Los ,\ngeles, Cal : Grs. A. S. Johnston, a native of Kentucky, late in 
 command of the Department of California," etc. Then follows a list of seven lieutenants with him wlio 
 had resigned from the U S. army ; and twenty-six volunteer recruits— all on their way to join the con- 
 federate army. The same paper names nine companies of confederate soldiers then holding Arizona ; 
 and publishes the proclamation of John I. Baylor as acting governor on behalf of the Confederate States 
 of .America Capt. Greene's force of union troops afterward captured Mesilla, and used the same print- 
 ing office to issue a union paper. 
 
 Judge Walter Van Dyke of the superior court, Los Angeles, was a Douglas democrat in 1S60 ; then 
 in 1861 he was elected to the state senate on the " Union Ticket " by the close majority of fourteen, and 
 bore an important part in saving California from secession. He knew C,ci\. Johnston ; says he was a 
 man with a fine sense of personal honor; and he thinks thit Johnston, like Gen. Lee, was slruggliug 
 with his conscience as to whether his present duty was to the general government, or first to his native 
 slate (Kenluckyi accarding to the state rights doctrine wliicli then prevailed in the South hence he did 
 not take any decisive stand either for or against the secession movement. Hut meanwhile some army 
 officers under him, and certain politicians, presuming on his southern syinpalhies. were plotting and 
 plannini; to give California over to the Cinifederacy,— thus implicHting him without any direct participa- 
 tion or purpose on his part, yet making his prompt and c|uiet removal a prime necessity for the Union 
 cause. I make this explanation as due to the feelings of (ieu. Johnston's family and relatives who 
 still reside amongst us. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PA.SADNIAN. 77 
 
 alty of ten per cent, net of all the crude oil extracted from these lands," 
 free of all expense to them except that they must "/urnish their own 
 casks." — Wilson and Griffin were themselves members of this Oil Company. 
 The consideration for this grant was only One Dollar, besides the "royalty," 
 and the grant was "limited to the term of twenty-five years." [Book 9 p. 
 490 of Deeds.] But I have found no evidence that any oil wells or even 
 prospective borings were ever made on the ranch, though "smelling com- 
 mittees ' ' have several times sniffed over the ground and thought they found 
 oil "odor" down around Columbia hill. 
 
 September 12, 1866, Eliza G. Johnston conveyed to John S. Griffin all 
 her right of pasturing, herding and grazing 500 head of live stock on the 
 Rancho San Pasqual which had been granted in her deed from B. D. Wil- 
 son and wife on December 11, 1862. Consideration, $2,500. [Book 8, p. 
 213, of Deeds.] 
 
 On March 3, 1869, B. D. Wilson deeded to Phineas Banning all his 
 right, title, interest, share, claim or demand whatsoever in the Rancho San 
 Pasqual. Consideration, $35,000. [Book 12, p. 237.] 
 
 On March 10, 1869, Phineas Banning deeded to John S. Grifl5n, [Book 
 12, p. 311] all his right and interest acquired by deed from B. D. Wilson, 
 only seven days before. Consideration, $30,000. 
 
 On October 13, 1869, Phineas Banning deeded to Benjamin D. Wilson 
 [Book 13, p. 628] the same property rights and interests described in Wil- 
 son's conveyance to Banning on March 3, and in Banning's conveyance to 
 Griffin on March 10, as above given. But this time it is described as " the 
 Rancho de San Pasqual, in the township of San Gabriel" — this being the 
 first mention of San Gabriel township in any of the deeds. Consideration, 
 $35,000. The explanation of these last three peculiar and apparently con- 
 flicting transactions is this : Banning, Griffin and Wilson were intimate 
 friends and all engaged in very large trading, speculative or business enter- 
 prises. They often borrowed large sums of money or credit from each 
 other, giving a deed or mortgage as ' ' collateral ' ' security — sometimes put 
 on record and sometimes not. 
 
 On September 23, 1870, John S. Griffin deeded and quit-claimed to B. 
 D. Wilson [Book 15, p. 482] an undivided half interest in all of the Rancho 
 San Pasqual that had not before this date been sold by deed or contract to 
 third parties. Consideration, $1. It seems that prior to this the Monks 
 tract of 2,000 acres, the Grogan tract of 5,000 acres, and the Raab tract of 
 30 acres had been sold, besides the " Fair Oaks" tract conveyed to Griffin's 
 sister, and some lesser parcels to relatives of Wilson. There was also a 
 parcel occasionally mentioned as the " Widney tract," but not found of 
 record. 
 
 On June 20, 1872, Griffin and Wilson deeded to Prudent Beaudry 
 [Book 21, p. 26] a parcel of hilly land on the west bank of the Arroyo Seco, 
 
78 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 estimated as 30 acres, opposite what is now the junction of West Cohimbia 
 street and Arroyo Drive. There, in 1875-76, Beaudry, and a man named 
 Carson (son of Gen. Fremont's famous and faithful scout, Kit Carson), 
 worked a shaft into the hill or Arroyo bank 200 feet, .seeking for a coal mine. 
 They found carbonaceous shale and a few pockets of lignite, or po.ssibly 
 indurated asphaltum, but no true vein of coal. 
 
 In October, 1873, Griffin and Wilson employed Wm. P. Reynolds to 
 survey the remainder of the Rancho into four separate parcels marked as 
 tracts Nos. i, 2, 3 and 4, and to make a map of the whole. Tract No. i 
 contained 2,576.35 acres. No. 2 contained 1,366.03 acres. No. 3 con- 
 tained 693 acres. No. 4 contained also 693 acres. Total 5,328.38 acres. 
 
 On December 18, 1873, Griffin and Wilson made an agreement of par- 
 tition, with said Reynolds' map attached as a part of the agreement [Book 
 27, p. 229], by which Griffin took tracts Nos. i, 3 and 4 for his share, and 
 Wilson took tract No. 2 for his share of the now completel}' broken up old 
 ranch. The right to burn lime at the kilns on tract No. i (Lincoln Park 
 region) was reserved to Wilson, and an equal share of the waters of the 
 Thibbet's Springs on tract No. 2 was allotted to each party. Thus it ex- 
 hibits that Wilson took 1,366 acres for his share, and left Griffin 3,962.35 
 acres. But this apparent disproportion was made up in the deed by Griffin 
 to Wilson, September 23, 1870, of a body of choice oak timber land, sur- 
 veyed by J. M. Baldwin, in August, 1870, lying east of this latter tract No. 
 2 (Fair Oaks avenue being now on its line), and south of the Grogan tract. 
 
 On December 26, 1873, John S. Griffin deeded to Thomas F. Croft 
 [Book 27, p. 251] all of the partition tract No. i as marked on the Rey- 
 nolds' map, containing 2,576.35 acres ; and another parcel of land described 
 by metes and bounds, and containing 1.357 acres ; total, 3,933.35 acres, with 
 all waters arising on these lands, or otherwise pertaining to them. Con- 
 sideration, $25,000. 
 
 The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association (commonly called " Indiana 
 colony") had been organized Nov. 13, 1873, and had been negotiating for 
 th^ purchase of this body of land from Dr. Griffin, with Judge Eaton acting 
 as his agent. At this time [November 13] Griffin and Wilson still owned 
 the land jointly. Griffin was anxious to sell out, but Wilson was not, and 
 some difficulty arose between them in regard to it. This caused delay, and 
 for awhile threatened to break up the colony project entirely. Mr. Croft 
 was one of the original incorporators and trustees of the colony association ; 
 and at this critical time he went to Wilmington [December 13] to confer 
 with Phineas Banning and B. D. Wilson, and succeeded in bringing about 
 an understanding which finally resulted in the agreement of partition between 
 Wilson and Griffin, dated December 18, 1873, as above cited. This enabled 
 Griffin to go on and complete the sale which he de.sired to make. But now 
 the colony people could not at ujice raise the amount of money necessary to 
 
DIVlvSION ONE — PRE-PASAUENIAN. 79 
 
 meet his terms. Mr. Croft then privately, at his own expense, procured a 
 complete abstract of title which covered every transaction affecting the 
 ownership or any auxiliary rights connected with this body of land, from 
 November, 1843, to December, 1873 ; and upon this he purchased the land 
 himself under the above cited deed of December 26, in order to secure it 
 beyond further delay or difficulty for the colony association. The abstract 
 referred to is a voluminous document, comprising nineteen sheets of heaviest 
 grade abstract paper, 8^ x 13 inches, printed in close lines of small type, 
 and cost Mr. Croft over $50. He preserves it yet as a valued relic 
 of the colony's cradle-bed time, and I am indebted to him for its use in 
 preparing this schedule of the many changes of ownership and other rights 
 which have occurred in the history of Rancho vSan Pasqual. 
 
 Mr. Croft's diary shows that he first visited the ranch on October 13, 
 1873, in company with D. M. Berry and J. H. Baker. Reynolds was then 
 making the tract survey for Griffin and Wilson, and Croft and Berry 
 came out from lyos Angeles frequently to note the progress of the survey 
 and study the lay of the land. Mr. Berry was negotiating on behalf of 
 the colon}' for the land they wanted, and he insisted on having their strip 
 project eastward along where East California street now runs, instead of 
 northward along the Arroyo Seco. Wilson wouldn't have it that way, be- 
 cause it would leave his own land in very inconvenient shape ; and the 
 efforts to coerce him in this matter brought about the anger and hot blood 
 between Wilson and Griffin above referred to, and delayed the colony pur- 
 chase all through November. Mr. Croft saw Mrs. Griffin and got an 
 understanding with her; then on December 13, he went to Wilmington as 
 a peacemaker and colony land-buyer himself, and gained his case succes- 
 sively with Mr. Banning, Mrs. Wilson, and finally Mr. Wilson. Then on 
 December 15, his diary says : "This day, determined stakes and points of 
 satisfactory division of Rancho San Pasqual with B. D. Wilson on the 
 grounds." On December 16, he met Wilson at surveyor Reynold's office 
 in lyos Angeles, and arranged details of boundary to be recited in the con- 
 veyance. December 17, lawyers were at work preparing the articles of 
 agreement on segregation of interests between Wilson and Griffin. Decem- 
 ber 18, Wilson and Griffin signed these articles, without which the colony 
 purchase from Griffin could not be consummated. The question of colony 
 funds, spot cash, now made another balk. So, on December 26, Mr. Croft 
 paid Griffin $6,250 cash himself, and gave his note for the balance, $18,750, 
 in one year, and received the deed as above mentioned. 
 
 On December 29, 1873, three days after Griffin's conveyance of the 
 entire colony tract to Croft, Thomas F. Croft deeded all his right, title and 
 interest therein to the "San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, a corpora- 
 tion duly organized under the laws of California," etc. Consideration, 
 $25,000 [Book 27, p. 267], the same as he paid. The association then 
 
So HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 assumed all of Mr. Croft's notes and obligations, according to an agreement 
 which he had made with Dr. Griffin beforehand, and paid them by quar- 
 terly assessments on the shareholders, or by sale of lands when it could be 
 done. 
 
 On January 27, 1874, the colonists assembled on Reservoir Hill, and 
 each made selection of his own choice of lots in the tract as platted by the 
 colony's surveyor, equal to his number of shares of stock in the association. 
 A complete list of these original selections is given in another place, with 
 explanation of where each one lies now [1894] in the present city of 
 Pasadena. [vSee Chap. 5.] 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Pasadena.'s Part in the Mexican War. — Capture of Los Angeles in 1S46. — Lieut. 
 Gillespie driven out. — Battle of Chino. — Battle of Los Angeles. — Battle of Do- 
 tninguez ranch. — Carrillo's hippodrome strategy at San Pedro. — Army flag made 
 from children's dresses. — Battle of San Gabriel ford. — Battle of Laguna ranch. — 
 Mexican army encamped at South Pasadena. — Plans made there for their final 
 surrender to Col. Fremont. — List of Pasadena families correlated with these not- 
 able events. 
 
 HOW PASADENA FIGURES IN THE CALIFORNIA BATTLES. 
 
 Don Manuel Garfias, the first patentee owner of Rancho San Pasqual, 
 and B. D. Wilson its second recorded owner, and Dr. John S. Griffin its 
 third owner, all bore a part or had deep concern in the battles of San 
 (labriel and the Mesa, or L^aguna Ranch, fought between the American and 
 Mexican forces on January 8 and 9, 1847. A portion of the Mexican troops 
 under Garfias' command took horses and cattle from this ranch for their 
 march back to Mexico. And from his camp on this ranch Gen. Andres 
 Pico appointed commissioners who made and signed the final terms of sur- 
 render to Col. Fremont, known in history as the "capitulation of Cahuen- 
 ga," and which was the last official act, and in fact the only one, of Mexic- 
 Californian authorities for turning the vast territory of California over to the 
 United States. But besides these, there are other Pasadenian families that 
 have historic as.sociation with the stirring events, battles and marches of 
 1846-47 ; and therefore I devote a chapter to this part of our local his- 
 tory. 
 
 The name of note in Pasadena history which first appears in connection 
 with the military movements for securing California to the United States is 
 that of Don Juan Bandini, after whom Bandini avenue was named (mis- 
 called " Michigan" avenue in part of its course.) This man's son, Arturo 
 Ikuulini, married a daughter of Dr. T. B. Elliott, the first president of the 
 original "Indiana colony," out of the ashes of which Pasadena arose, and 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. 8 1 
 
 he gave to the world the now famous name of " Pasadena." Mr. and Mrs. 
 Arturo Bandini have been prominently identified with Pasadena's sporting, 
 social and literary life for twenty years. Every book written about Califor- 
 nia by any citizen of the United States prior to the Mexican war, such as 
 Dana's "Two Years Before the Mast," Robinson's "I^ife in California," 
 Davis' "Sixty Years in California," etc., make frequent mention of Don 
 Juan Bandini, because he was a man of note and influence at San Diego, 
 Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. But his first connection with U. S. mili- 
 tary affairs is explained in Gen. Fremont's "Memoirs," pages 563-64-65, as 
 follows: 
 
 THE TAKING OF LOS ANGELES IN 1 846. 
 
 "The ship [sloop C;'rt;7/<;] entered the land-locked bay of San Diego, 
 where the still waters reflected the quiet of the town. Here no enemy was 
 found. On the contrary, we were received on the footing of friends by 
 Don Juan Bandini, the chief citizen of the place, and by Don Santiago 
 Arguello [father to Mrs. Bandini], the Captain of the port. [This was July 
 27, 1846. — Ed.] Senor Bandini was a native of Spain ; of slight and 
 thin penson, sarcastic and cynical of speech, often the shape in which a 
 keen intelligence, morbid because without outlet, expresses itself. * * 
 One of Don Juan's daughters was married to Don Abel Stearns, whose 
 residence was at lyos Angeles." 
 
 Fremont's troops could not move a mile from their ship without 
 horses and beef cattle for their subsistence and transportation ; and .speak- 
 ing of this matter, he writes : 
 
 " There were not enough horses at hand to mount a party to send after 
 animals to distant places through an enemy's country. In the midst of 
 the.se difficulties, the aid which Bandini and Arguello were willing to give 
 us was most fortunate. * * * After little more than a week occu- 
 pied in this way [collecting hor.ses and beef cattle] with the aid of Don 
 Juan, a sufficient number of animals were obtained to enable me to move ; 
 and on the 8th of the month [August] we moved out on the road to lyOS 
 Angeles. * * Just before leaving the town an uncommonly beautiful 
 sorrel horse, thoroughly trained, was brought me from Senor Bandini. 
 * * It was a gift from the family." 
 
 With Fremont on this march was his famous scout. Kit Carson, whose 
 son Sam, nicknamed " Kit," afterward lived a while at Pasadena, and in 
 1876-77 dug the entrance shaft for the Beaudry coal mine oppo.site the foot 
 of Columbia street. He had formerly worked for Don Juan Bandini at San 
 Diego. 
 
 While Fremont was in San Diego, in 1846, Commodore Stockton had 
 arrived at San Pedro, and on Aug. nth he commenced his march from there 
 towards Los Angeles, being joined on the 13th by Fremont's troops, and 
 they marched into the city together without any armed resistance, hoisted 
 the America flag and took possesion of the country in the name of the 
 
 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 United States.* August 28th, Stockton sent Kit Carson as bearer of des- 
 patches to Washington, reporting all his proceedings here, and Carson 
 started on horseback across the country to Santa Fe. Lieutenant A. H. 
 Gillespie with about fifty men was left in command at Los Angeles ; Fre- 
 mont marched north overland to Sacramento, and Stockton returned 
 to his ship and sailed north. But before leaving, Commodore 
 Stockton had commissioned B. D. Wilson as a Captain in the U. S. Army, 
 and authorized him to raise a company to guard the frontier. At this time 
 Wilson owned the great Jurupa ranch which he had bought from Don Juan 
 Bandini, and his ranch hou.se, with gardens, orchards, etc., was located near 
 where the City of Riverside now stands, f Gillespie proved entirely in- 
 competent for the position he was placed in. He exercised his authority in 
 a way to exasperate the intelligent Spanish citizens who were peacefully 
 disposed. He arrested some of the Spanish "Dons" and held them re- 
 sponsible for a drunken mob attack on his quarters on the night of Sep- 
 tember 16, Mexican " Independence Day," when in fact his own men were 
 as much to blame for the carouse as the Mexican revelers, and over half of 
 his soldiers were lying locked up in the guard-house for drunkenness at 
 the very moment when the drunken Mexicans assailed the barracks. His 
 unwise course in the matter so outraged and incensed the better class of 
 citizens that they raised a revolt to drive him out of the country. He 
 then .sent a courier to Captain Wilson for help. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF CHINO. 
 
 Wilson got twelve of his company together as quickly as possible and 
 started for Los Angeles. They went to the Chino ranch house, a large 
 adobe structure, in hope to find a supply of powder there for them, and 
 while there they were surrounded and attacked by a body of Mexicans in 
 command of Serbulo Barelas of Los Angeles, and Jose del Carmen Lugo of 
 San Bernardino. A sharp battle ensued here at daylight of September 27, 
 1846. The Americans were sheltered in the adobe house of Isaac Williams; 
 
 ♦Governor Pio Pico and Geii. Castro fled the country, and have been accused of cowardice (or it. 
 That is a mistake. Pico had issued a patriotic address appealing to the Mexicans to rise in arms and 
 repel tlie American invaders. But Gen. Castro reported to the Governor, and to the Legishitive Assem- 
 bly then in ses.sion at I.os Angeles, that from lack of powder and firearms he was utterly unable to cope 
 with the well armed, well equipped and disciplined American troops. Governor Pico then advised that 
 the legislature adjourn sine die, and that he and the commanding general shoiild get away, so that the 
 Americans should not find any man or body of men in authority to transfer the government to them. 
 This was " good policies " on their part and the plan was followed out ; and this was why he fled. Fre- 
 mont tried hard to entice Pico back but he was too shrewd to come, still hoping that either Mexico or 
 Knglaiid would yet overturn the American occupancy. Don Juan Randini and his brother-in-law, San- 
 tiago E. Arguello were members of this legislative assemblv, though not present at the adjournment. 
 They were anti-Pico men. Governor Pico died at Los Angeles, September ii, 1894, aged 93. 
 
 tFrom Robinson's " Life in California," pp. 203, 204, I quote a few passages that have a Pasadena 
 interest. They were written in early wpring time of 1842. 
 
 " We resumed our saddles and soon reached Santa Ana. '■■ * At sunset entered upon the 
 
 plains of the Rancho de San Juan del Rio, the dwelling i)lace of Senor Bandini. We found our friend 
 Yorba [grandfather of Mrs. J. de Barth Shorbl here. * * We visited the planting grounds of 
 
 Bandini, which were beautifully laid out on Ihe side ofthc river. [Hence the name, River.side.] On our 
 route back to the Pueblo | I,os Angeles] we passed through a long valley [San Gabriel Valley] which was 
 the scene of destruction during the slaughter ol the Mission cattle in i83,<;. Its devastation was still 
 visible, for skulls and bones were lying about in every direction." 
 
DIVIvSION ONE — PRE-PASADNIAN. 83 
 
 but it had an asphaltuin roof, and the Mexicans succeeded in setting this on 
 fire, so that Wilson and his men were now at their mercy ; and on promise 
 of protection as prisoners of war they surrendered. They were marched to 
 Ivos Angeles and turned over to Gen. Jose Maria Flores, who had been 
 chosen commander-in-chief of the Mexican troops. While on their march 
 to Los Angeles, some of the victors, led, as B. D. Wilson afterward claimed, 
 by Capt. Jose del Carmen Lugo, concluded to end all this trouble at once by 
 shooting the prisoners right there.* And of this episode the i88o-History 
 of Los Angeles County, page 43, says: "The treacherous Mexicans had 
 drawn their prisoners up in file on one side of the road, and were about to 
 massacre the whole lot. Barelas bravely dashed between, and swore he 
 would run his sword through the first of his command who dared to fire a 
 shot. He said he had pledged his honor as a man and as a commander for 
 the safety of the prisoners, and only over his dead body might they sufier 
 harm." 
 
 THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES. 
 
 When Gillespie sent to Capt. Wilson for help, the latter was off in the 
 mountains with most of his company, on a bear hunt, and there was a de- 
 lay of some days in finding him. Meanwhile, as Hittell's History relates, 
 the Mexicans made a d-ishing assault on Gillespie's barracks, September 
 23 ;t but as the Americans were well armed, had plenty of ammunition, 
 and were sheltered within adobe walls, the assailants were defeated with a 
 loss of eight killed and many wounded. [See J. G. Parson's "Life of John 
 W. Marshall."] This was four or five days before the Mexicans had found 
 their own hidden-away cannon which afterward became famous as the 
 " Woman's Gun." Notwithstanding their defeat the Mexicans kept Gil- 
 lespie in a state of siege and he probably could not hold out another week, 
 September 27-28 the Chino prisoners were turned over to Gen. Flores. 
 There had been a sort of guerilla fight going on every day. And on the 
 29th, Flores, with a view to save further bloodshed, sent B. D. Wilson to 
 tell Gillespie that he might march out unmolested if he would go to San 
 Pedro and there embark his troops. Now, before Stockton and Fremont left 
 in August, Gillespie had dug up and brought into his barracks some old Mexi- 
 can cast-iron cannon which had been spiked and buried in a field east of Boyle 
 Heights, when Gen. Castro and Gov. Pico fled the country on Stockton and 
 Fremont's approach ; and now, to shade off the ignominy of retreat, he 
 asked permission to take these cannon along on his march. This was 
 
 *Baiicroft says there was "a young man named Sepulveda " who joined with Lugo in this scheme 
 to shoot the prisoners. I learn from Jesus Ruhio and E. S. Hereford that the man referred to was En- 
 rique Sepulvtda, who with Jose Perez had received a grant of Rancho San Pasqual in 1840. 
 
 f'The assailants, according to Marshall's biographer, were forced to retreat, with a loss of eight 
 iinied."—Le70is' Hist. Los A. Co. p. 72. fPub. 1S89.] 
 
 " On September 23, under the leadership of Jose Maria Flores, the Californian forces attacked and 
 beseiged Gillespie and his handful of men. * * He, however, made a determined resistance, 
 until finally on September 30, finding the odds too great against him, he capitulated."— //li'/^Z/'i History 
 Cat., Vol. 2, p. 599. 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 finally agreed to, on his promising to restore the guns to them at San Pedro. 
 [John Marshall, he of gold discovery fame, who was one of Gillespie's sol- 
 diers in Los Angeles, had unspiked one of the cannon and used it against 
 the Mexicans on Fort Hill, after their unsuccessful assault on the barracks 
 below.] But when Gillespie reached San Pedro, instead of restoring these 
 guns as he had promised to do, he broke off all their breech knobs, had them 
 packed tight with small gravel stones, and then rolled into the surf at low 
 tide.* 
 
 This act of bad faith and over-smart strategy further incensed the Mex- 
 icans against him, and greatly increased the peril of B. D. Wilson and his 
 fellow-prisoners ; and they would have been killed but for the faithful watch 
 kept over them by Serbulo Barelas, who had at the battle of Chino given 
 his word of honor to protect them as prisoners of war, which he repeatedly 
 did at the risk of his own life. The next January B. D. Wilson learned 
 from Gen. Andres Pico just where these cannon were ; and as they were of 
 no use to the government, Commodore vStockton gave him permission to se- 
 cure them as relics. Three of them were old Mexican guns which Gov, 
 Micheltorena had hauled down from Monterey and used against the Los 
 Angeles revolutioni.sts at the battle of Cahuenga, February 20-21, 1845. 
 Micheltorena sent them back to Los Angeles by Mauricio Gonzalez, after his 
 embarkation at San Pedro to return to Mexico. 
 
 ^ Wilson eventually hired some 
 
 r ' Mexican cartmen [in 1849 or 
 
 '50] to haul them up from San 
 Pedro, where tbey had lain in 
 the salt water until that time 
 and were badly "pock-marked." 
 He planted them, muzzles down, 
 in front of his store on corner of 
 Main and Commercial streets, and 
 two of them remain there yet, 
 just as he put them ; but at the 
 centennial celebration of the 
 founding of Los Angeles city 
 (1881) two of them were placed 
 on corners at the old court house ; and in 1892 these two were removed 
 to west front of the new court house, where they may now be seen. 
 
 As soon as Gillespie had been driven out, as above noted, Don Manuel 
 Garfias (our Pasadena first patentee) was .sent with a small troop of mount- 
 ed menf to retake Santa Barl)ara, where a garrison of ten men had been 
 
 ♦"There is a Reueral aRreement that Gillespie promised to deliver liis field pieces al San I'cdro, 
 hut broke his promise."— //li/. Cat., Vol. s, p. 3r5- 
 
 t" Manuel Garfias, one of the Caliroriiian leaders, marched with two hundred men to Santa Har- 
 hara," etc. HiltelVs Hist. Cat.. Vol. j. p. fvm. This is a hij,' i.xaeK'r"''0". Tor G.ufias had not to exceed 
 filly men— but nearly all our Americau writers magnify the Mexican numbers. 
 
 The historic cannon at corner of Main and Commercial 
 streets. —Photo 1895. 
 
DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 85 
 
 left by Commodore Stockton or Fremont to hold the place. They heard of 
 his approach, and escaped in the night. Garfias left a small Mexican gar- 
 rison there, and one also at San Buena Ventura, and then returned to I,os 
 Angeles with forty or fifty recruits for Gen. Flores' army, but did not ar- 
 rive until after the battle of Dominguez. He brought in as a prisoner from 
 Santa Barbara an American named George Nidever, who refused to give 
 his parole ; but Nidever escaped from Garfias at Los Angeles, succeeded in 
 reaching Stockton's army, and was in the battles ot January 8 and 9, 1847. 
 This Nidever was the same man who afterward in 1853 discovered and res- 
 cued the native Indian woman who had lived on San Nicholas island en- 
 tirely alone for eighteen years. He was offered $1,000 to sell her for a 
 traveling show ; but he was opposed to slavery, and refusing the golden 
 bribe, he gave her protection and a home in his own family till she died. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF DOMINGUEZ. 
 
 On reaching San Pedro, Lieut. Gillespie embarked with his troops Oc- 
 tober 4, for safet}', on the merchant ship Vandalia, which chanced to be ly- 
 ing there. October 6 Capt. Mervine arrived there from San Francisco with 
 the U. S. frigate Savaiuiah. On the 7th he landed 350 of his men, who 
 were then joined by Gillespie's men, but without horses or cannon, for Gil- 
 lespie told Mervine that the Mexicans had no artillery, as he had brought 
 away and destroyed all their cannon, and therefore he would need none. 
 This force of 400 men marched to the Dominguez ranch house and camped 
 there for the night. The next morning, October 8, they formed in march- 
 ing order and started for L,os Angeles, but were immediately attacked by a 
 force of ninety men under Don Jose Antonio Carrillo, one of the Spaniards 
 whom Gillespie had so indiscreetly arrested only three weeks before. Car- 
 rillo had a small brass cannon, [the historic "Woman's gun "], which his 
 men manoeuvered by hauling it about with rawhide ropes tied to the pom- 
 mels of their saddles. They would dash forward and fire it at Mervine 's 
 marching column, then gallop off with it out of musket range and reload, then 
 back to the front, discharge it, and off again. They fired four times in this 
 w^ay during a running fight of about three miles, and had loaded again with 
 their last ball ; but by this time six Americans had been killed and six or 
 .seven wounded, and Mervine retreated to San Pedro, buried his dead on 
 Deadman's Island, and re-embarked his crestfallen troops. 
 
 On his retreat, Mervine stopped at the ranch house again, and com- 
 pelled an old workman there to hitch up an ox-cart and haul the dead 
 bodies to the beach at San Pedro. During these operations some accoutre- 
 ments of killed or wounded men and a flag were carelessly left behind. 
 These were gathered up by Carrillo's men as trophies of their victory. 
 During the next month, November, Don Antonio F. Coronel started as a 
 commissioner to Mexico to obtain funds and other aid for Gen. Flores' 
 
86 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 army ; and carried with him the American flag captured at Dominguez as a 
 proof of their patriotic prowess. But he did not succeed in reaching 
 Mexico. 
 
 Different writers have given somewhat varying accounts of this battle, 
 but I have relied chiefly on that written by Stephen C. Foster, who came to 
 Los Angeles with the Mormon Battalion, (as did also our Gen. Stoneman,) 
 in March, 1847, and served as government interpreter two years there, and 
 also as alcalde or district judge ; then was elected to the first constitutional 
 convention, where his services were exceedingly valuable, because he was a 
 proficient Spanish scholar and familiar with the old Spanish archives.* From 
 various writers I gather that no Mexicans were killed or seriously wounded 
 in the battle of Dominguez. They had no cannon balls, only some rude 
 ones that were hammered out by a blacksmith, and no powder except some 
 very inferior stuff which they made themselves at San Gabriel. After his 
 account of this battle, Foster continues : 
 
 RUSE DE GUERRE AT SAN PEDRO. 
 
 ' ' The next day Commodore Stockton arrived [from Monterey] with the 
 remainder of his .ships, [another writer says, October 23, on the ship Con- 
 gress. — Ed.] and landed 800 men and six light guns, to march on the town 
 [Los Angele.s] next day.t But Carrillo manceuvered his force of 400 men 
 [he had been reinforced by ranchmen and others from Temple's ranch, Sepul- 
 veda's ranch, and other points. — Kd.] by forming them in a circle in columns 
 of fours, so that some eighty men could be seen at once from the ships' 
 mast-heads marching toward the beach and di.sappearing in a hollow. The 
 middies were in the topmasts with their spy-glasses, counting the enemy's 
 force, and by dark they had counted more than two thousand ; and they 
 were still marching when night fell. Stockton re-embarked the next day 
 and proceeded to San Diego. "| 
 
 Stockton had found that there was no chance for him to get a supply of 
 horses at San Pedro necessary to mount a portion of his troops and haul the 
 artillery ; and he knew of the friendly aid Don Juan Bandini had given to 
 Fremont six months before. These were reasons for his going to San 
 Diego, where there was also safe harborage for his ships which there was 
 not at San Pedro at that time of year ; and he arrived there about Novem- 
 ber I. Bandini was away at his Guadalupe Rancho in Lower California, 
 and the Mexican adherents had driven all cattle and horses to inland points 
 
 ♦Foster married Jose Pertz's widow, who was the first white woman that ever lived on Ranclio 
 San Pas(|nal. [See Chap. 3.] 
 
 t' Carrillo now assembled a vast cavalcade of wild horses from the plains, and dispersing his 
 moiint«l troops among them, the whole body was kept constantly in motion, passing and repassing a 
 gap in the foothills plainly discernible from the roadstead. Owing to the dnst raised by tins cavalcade 
 it was impossible to discern that all the horses had not riders, when it was seen that some had." //i5/. 
 L. A. Co.,{jSX>A /,. 4j. 
 
 ;b. D. Wilson was then at Temples ranch (Cerritos) as a prisoner, and saw Carrillo's strategic dis- 
 play of men and horses ; and he wrote in his memoirs that Stockton <//</ iiol land any trnofis ; Inil Stock- 
 ton himself made olhcial report that Ac i//i/ /ami lliem. And I explain Wilson's mistake in this way : 
 While Carrillo w.is perf.. lining his liii)po(lioiiie strategy, C.illespie was trying to land fitly marines bnt 
 was signal.-d back, anil all retmiied to ship ; and this part Wilson saw, but did not see the rest. Yet 
 the ne.xt day Stockton himsell put Soo men and six cannon ashore ; bnt not being able to get any horses 
 or oxen to haul the artillery, ni>r any horses to mount skirmishers <jr scouts, he re einbarkeil aud sailed 
 to San Oiego. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADKNIAN. 87 
 
 beyond the reach of the Americans.* While awaiting events here, Stock- 
 ton learned that Gen. S. W. Kearny was marching overland from Santa 
 Fe. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF SAN PASQUAL. 
 
 On December 6, 1846, Gen. Kearny had reached the Indian village of 
 San Pasqual in San Diego county, f with 160 men and three cannon; and here 
 he attacked a force of eighty Mexicans who had no cannon, under Don Andres 
 Pico, another of the Spaniards whom Gillespie had unwarrantably arrested 
 and locked up in his guard house at Los Angeles on September 17. A hot 
 battle was fought, in which Kearny himself was wounded, and also Lieut. 
 Gillespie who had been sent by Stockton to join him. Dr. John S. Griffin 
 of Pasadena fame, was surgeon on Gen. Kearny's staff; and in his journal 
 he reported the American loss as eighteen killed, three mortally wounded, 
 sixteen wounded who recovered, one missing and never accounted for. In 
 addition to this, three were taken prisoners by the Mexicans, and they also 
 captured one brass cannon. The Mexicans had none killed, but eleven were 
 slightly wounded, and one of them had to have a leg amputated.]: One of 
 their men was taken prisoner. Commodore Stockton got word of the affair 
 the next day, and immediately dispatched a force of 200 men to Kearny's 
 relief. By this aid Kearny arrived at San Diego December 12, with his 
 wounded and the remnant of his command. The San Diego residence of 
 Don Juan Bandini was Commodore Stockton's headquarters, and that of 
 Bandini's brother-in-law, Santiago E. Arguello, was used for a hospital.^ 
 Dr. Griffin of course had charge of the wounded in their improvised hos- 
 pitals at San Diego. Another man in the battle was Kit Carson, whose 
 son afterward figured in Pasadena, and whose cousins and a nephew reside 
 
 here yet. 
 
 Bandini was a man of superior intelligence and culture. He had be- 
 come heartily tired of the continual revolutions and changes of government 
 in Mexico and California ; he had always been friendly to Americans as 
 traders here ; he believed the United States could give them a stable gov- 
 
 *"Raiicheros must at once remove their live stock from the coast beyond reach of the naval forces ; 
 whoever refuses is a Uailor."— Order of Gov.-Gen. Flores, October 77, 1S46. 
 
 t" San Pasqual of battle memory is thirty-four miles northeast from the city of San Diego, close to 
 the foot of the mountains." — 7bi<r«/i' Guide to S. Cal., p. 61. 
 
 sai 
 prow 
 
 d the Mexicans captured the cannon by lassoing its lead horses ; but Kearny had tried to belittle the 
 ...owess of the Mexicans by claiming that his artillery horses merely took fright and ran awav into the 
 enemys lines I have learned that the man who did that historic job of lassoing was Manuel Rubio ol 
 San Gabriel, uncle to our Jesus Rubio ; and Manuel's uncle Casimiro was wounded at the same tune, as 
 mentioned by Bancroft. Then Manuel's brother, Francisco Rubio, was fatally wounded in the battle at 
 I^aguna ranch, was hauled home from the battle field in a cart by his nephew, Jesus Rubio of ubio can- 
 yon fame, and died the next day at San Gabriel. 
 
 ^Stockton had taken Bandini's house for army use. His headquarters mess was there, and the 
 band from his flag-ship " Congress " ; and the conunodore would often invite the Bandini family and oth- 
 ers to dine with him, and would have the baud play during the dinner hour. See Davis' " Sixty Years 
 in Cal," p. 418. This Davis's wife was niece to Bandini's first wife, and cousin to Mrs. Col. Baker of Los 
 Angeles, owner of the Baker block, the Laguna ranch, and other great properties. 
 
88 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ernment, and he preferred it to any English protectorate. With these 
 views, he and his brother-in-law, Arguello, had espoused the American 
 cause. The Mexican government had ordered all the ranchers to drive 
 their cattle, horses, hogs and sheep to the mountains, lieyond reach of anj' 
 American troops that might land along the coast. Bandini then owned two 
 great ranches, Guadalupe and Tecate, in I^ower California,* and he refused 
 to obey this order, but instead had armed all his tenants and employes, 
 ready to fight if any Mexican troops attempted to enforce that order on his 
 lands. This was the situation in November and December. Stockton's 
 army was literally " out of meat ;" and now he sent an expedition down in- 
 to Lower California, which became very famous by reason of " a woman in 
 the ca.se," Dona Refugio Bandini, who made from her children's garments 
 the first American flag ever made on the Pacific coast, and thus at the time 
 met a serious emergency for an American army officer marching without a 
 flag. 
 
 THE ARMY FLAG MADE FROM CHILDREN'S DRESSES. 
 
 During the winter of 1882-83 Mr. H. C. Dane learned from Col. R. S. 
 Baker and wife, and Dona Refugio Bandini and her daughters, Mrs. Dr. 
 Winston and Mrs. Charles R. Johnson the particulars of the first American 
 flag ever made on the Pacific coast. Mr. Dane wrote out the story and it 
 was published in The Home Guardiayi magazine of Boston, for April, 1883. 
 And from its pages, 154 to 157, (Vol XLV, No. 4,) I make the following 
 extracts if 
 
 " Cut off" from all other sources of .supplies, the Commodore despatched 
 a vessel down to Todos Santos Bay, [now called Ensenada] opposite the 
 San Guadalupe rancho, with 200 men under command of Major Hensly, 
 with orders to land and proceed to Guadalupe, and there obtain the neces- 
 .sary supplies of Don Juan Bandini. When the ve.s.sel arrived at Todos San- 
 tos Bay, Don Juan was there, secreted among the rocks, awaiting them. 
 With Major Hensly and his men Don Juan returned to his rancho, where he 
 gave to him 500 cattle, 200 hor.ses, and eight carretas, or long, narrow carts, 
 usually drawn by four, six, or eight yokes of oxen each. 
 
 "As the Mexican forces were hovering about Bandini's ranches, es- 
 pecially about the San Guadalupe, in great numbers, and realizing that he 
 and his family would no longer be safe in their vicinity, Don Juan, with all 
 his family, left the rancho with Major Hensl}' and started overland for San 
 Diego, where he had a very large house — a kind of Spanish palace.. }; 
 
 " In due time the party arrived at La Punta, fifteen miles below San 
 Diego, where the}' went into camp for the last night. In the morning 
 Major Hensly, wi.shing for a flag to head his column, to his chagrin and di.s- 
 gust discovered that none had been brought with them from the ves.sel. 
 
 *He had previously owned the Jurupa ranch [Riverside] and (lie Rincon de Santa Ana ranch in the 
 San Gabriel district. 
 
 tin the Centennial History of Los Angeles Co., pp. 32-33,001. J. J. Warner gives some account of this 
 liandiui flas incident ; hut there- is no other account ofit so full an<*authentic as this one hy Mr. Dane. 
 
 I" I )nr adtninistrador, Don Juan Ilandini's mansion, then in an iinh nished state, hade fair when 
 Completed to sinpuss any other in the country." "I.ifr iti I'ali/nt iiia." />. iS, March, iSjg. By .•Mfred 
 Koljinson, who is still livmi^ (1^9.(1, and now a banker in San Hrancisco, although blind. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRR-PASADENIAN. 89 
 
 This placed him in a very unpleasant condition, for to enter the town with 
 no colors flying, would seem to denote that he dared to carry none ; and a 
 still more distressing consideration was that Commodore Stockton, upon see- 
 ing a heavy column entering the town with such an array, and displaying 
 no flag, might very naturally take them as a band of the enemy, and open 
 his broadsides on them. 
 
 "In his distress. Major Hensly made known his mortifying condition 
 to Don Juan, and very naturally that gentleman communicated the fact to 
 his devoted wife. And now occurred a wonderful displaj^ of woman's wit, 
 and but for the attending circumstances, it might also be denominated 
 humor. Approaching the crest-fallen Major, the smiling lady said : 
 
 " 'Why, Major, I will furnish you with a flag.' 
 
 ' ' ' You will furnish me with a flag ? Pray tell me how ! ' replied the 
 surprised officer. 
 
 "'Oh, leave that to me,' rejoined the lady. 'When the column is 
 ready to move there shall be a United States flag at its head, to guide and 
 herald our entree to San Diego, mj^ home by the sea.' 
 
 " Dona Refugio immediately called to her side her three children, Do- 
 lorosa, aged ten, who was dressed in red satin; little Margarite, aged eight, 
 clad in spotless white ; and tiny Juan de la Cruz, seven years of age, who 
 wore a suit of navy blue. The three suits were exchanged for others ; and 
 while the stock was feeding and breakfast being served, the garments from 
 her little ones were cut into stripes and stars, and by the mother's cunning 
 fingers formed into as perfect a star-spangled banner as ever was kissed by 
 the breath of heaven sweeping in from the broad Pacific ; and when Major 
 Hensly was ready to take up his line of march. Dona Refugio presented to 
 him the first starry flag that ever floated over lower California, or the city 
 of San Diego, and with it at the head of the column, they marched proudly 
 and safely into the town, while the vessels at anchor roared their hearty 
 salutes of welcome. 
 
 ' ' That same evening the bands of the frigates Congress and Savannah 
 came on shore and gave the beautiful Dona Refugio a grand serenade in 
 honor of her kind devotion to the glorious flag ; and the following evening 
 Commodore vStockton, attended by his officers, waited upon the fair Dona to 
 tender his thanks in person for her marked attention to his command. And 
 when the gallant Commodore was presented to Dona Refugio, he took her 
 right hand into both of his, saying with deep emotion : 'And this is the 
 hand that made that flag. In the name of my country and my government, 
 I say to you, madam, that whatever the owner of this hand shall ever ask 
 of them shall promptly be granted. I shall take that flag to Washington, 
 and tell my Government that it was the first American flag to wave over 
 California and was made by a native lady.' 
 
 ' ' When the war was over, and peace between Mexico and the United 
 States restored, Don Juan Bandini found himself deprived of his five ranchos 
 in lyower California, because he was listed as a traitor to Mexico. And to- 
 day his widow and children are deprived of them because of the kindness 
 of himself and family to our officers. 
 
 "During all that war, and long after, the house of Don Juan, in San 
 Diego was a constant hotel and hospital for our naval and military officers, 
 where his beautiful wife and lovely daughters* serv^ed and ministered unto 
 
 *" The ladies were mostly quite haudsome, particularly those of the families of our friends, Ban- 
 dini and Carrillo. The daughters of the former were, though very young, yet very beautiful "—Life in 
 California p. 20, by A. Robinson, March, iSjg. 
 
90 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 them more as mothers and sisters than as strangers. Of this manj^ 
 officers bear witness. 
 
 "To that house Gen. S. W. Kearny was taken from the battle-field 
 when struck down, and he fomid in Dona Refugio the kindest and most 
 attentive nur.se. Within that home Generals Sherman, Sheridan, Grant, 
 Hancock, Stevenson, Stoneman, Magruder, Johnston, Lee, Stuart, and many 
 others who subsequently wrote their names high on the pillar of fame, ever 
 found a warm-hearted welcome and free-hearted hospitality. 
 
 " Years have passed ; and now Dona Refugio in her old age finds her- 
 self dependent upon her relatives, and simply becau.se of the .self-sacrificing 
 devotion of herself and husband to the American flag.'^^ The fingers 
 that made the first flag in the growing dawn of that far-off day have lost 
 their cunning, but the noble heart that in.spired the act has lost none of its 
 love for the starry banner. As Dona Refugio and her two daughters, Do- 
 lorosa and Margaritc, both mothers now, related to me the incidents of 
 those days, the eyes that had so often greeted with .sparkling smiles the 
 great chieftains, when they were young officers winning for us the Golden 
 Land, filled with blinding tears, and the lips that had so often cheered them 
 on to heroic deeds, quivered with pain and sorrow as they spoke of the neg- 
 lected vow, and the matron's dependency in her old age. [1882-83.] 
 
 "When the Walker filibu.stering expedition passed through California 
 on their way to Central America,! they robbed the store of Don Juan 
 Bandini, literally clearing it out of $60,000 worth of property, leav- 
 ing him and his family penniless. After the death of her noble husband, 
 remembering the .solemn vow of Commodore Stockton to her, Dona Refugio 
 prayed the United States Government to recompense her, at least, in part for 
 her lo.ss sustained at the hands of American citizens ; but to that prayer no 
 reply has ever been made.";|: 
 
 This is the story of the flag, as gathered from three of the women 
 themselves, besides other members of the family, by Mr. Dane. And from 
 various sources I learn that Commodore Stockton deposited that flag among 
 the historic relics of the Navy Department, and it is preserved there yet. 
 He did what he could to have Bandini reimbursed, as did also Col. Fremont, 
 and his father-in-law, Senator Benton of Mi.ssouri ; and at a later period Gen. 
 Beale, and also Gen. Sherman tried to have ju.stice done in the matter. The 
 claim was lumped in with many others, and has been several times before 
 Congress, with favorable recommendation ; and yet the family say to this 
 day [1894] even the cattle and horses which Bandini furnished to Coninio- 
 
 *When liaiuliiii was in the Mexican Congress he opj)Ose<i the State-church party and supported the 
 final and uvaudatory act to secularize the Missions, winch was passed .■XuKUSt 17, ifS3.^. This act was 
 simply to separate church and state, and establish religious freedom, the same as in the United States- 
 a contest which had heeu going on hotly in Mexico for ten years. He steadily and faithfully favored the 
 United States, as against the State-church party of .Mexico, and against any scheme for luriiini; Caliior- 
 nia over to England. I take pains to mention "these matters here, because he was "black listed" bv the 
 state-church party as a traitor to Mexico, and his large estates thus confiscated ; and because of this par- 
 tizan record agaiiist him in Mexico, many superficial or careless .\merican writers have done him gri>ss 
 injustice. And even in I'asadena a street that was first nameil Handini avenue in honor of this worthy 
 man and wife as true-hearted and original Spanish-Americans, was perversely changed to Michigan 
 avenue. Such a historic disgrace ought not any longer to stand against I'asadeua's fair name. 
 
 fMr. Uauc was mistaken here. Walker had taken Lower California : and then with some recruits 
 from San l-rancisiu in March, 1.^5/), he set out to march anuind the head of the gulf uf Califonii.i into 
 Sonora aud capture that province also, and this was the time his men h.oted Kaudini's store. His Cen- 
 tral America expedition was later— 1.S56-57. See Cyclopedia Amencana, Arliile " lFiilk<'> , ll'in." 
 
 {The robbing ol the .store might be gronnds lor a claim against the local authorities of county or 
 state, but could not be a>>aiiist the tliiiled Stiites. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRR-PASADKNIAN. 9I 
 
 dore Stockton at this time, and to Fremont in July previous, and without 
 which they could not have reached L,os Angeles at all, have never been 
 paid for.* 
 
 Wm. Heath Davis, who was an intimate friend of the Arguello and 
 Bandini families, in his book, "Sixty Years in California," p. 438, says: 
 
 "Don Santiaguito Arguello furnished large quantities of army supplies 
 to Stockton from his extensive rancho eleven or twelve miles from San Diego 
 — several hundred head of cattle and horses, and for which he had a claim 
 against the government amounting to $14,000. The claim was sent to 
 Washington by Major Lee, commissarj'-general for the Pacific coast. Stock- 
 ton's attention being called to it [he was then U. S. Senator from New 
 Jerse}^] he exerted himself effectually in its settlement, and in a few months 
 Arguello received his money." 
 
 The ranch referred to by Davis was that of Tia Juana, which had been 
 granted to Arguello's father in 1829. 
 
 Of this Bandini family, Don Juan died at Los Angeles, November 2, 
 1859. Dona Refugio died there June 28, 1891. The little Dolorosa whose 
 dress furnished the red for that historic flag, is now [1894] Mrs. Charles 
 Robinson Johnson of 433 vSouth Main street, Los Angeles ; httle Margarite 
 whose dress furnished the white for that flag, is now Mrs. Dr. James B. 
 Winston (widow) of Los Angeles ; and little Juan de la Cruz, whose 7-year 
 old boy suit furnished the blue for the flag, is now engaged in the cattle 
 trade between the United States and Mexico. Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker, (wid- 
 ow) of Los Angeles, was an older sister, and not with the family on that 
 occasion ; and Arturo, so well known in Pasadena, was a younger brother, 
 not born until 1853.! Three of the Bandini girls married American hus- 
 bands ; and one of the boys, Arturo, married an American wife. 
 
 BATTLES OP SAN GABRIEL FORD, AND "THE MESA." 
 
 On December 29, 1846, Commodore Stockton marched out from San 
 Diego with an army numbering in all 607 men, six cannon, 87 mounted 
 riflemen, ten ox carts to carry the baggage, and a band of beef cattle from 
 Bandini for army rations. Among Stockton's officers were Capt. Santiago 
 R. Arguello and Lieut. Luis Arguello, brothers of Dona Refugio Bandini 
 who made the famous flag, and therefore uncles to our Pasadena Bandini 
 family. Kit Carson, though not an officer, had charge of a squad of 
 mounted riflemen who served as scouts and skirmishers. [For full list of 
 
 *August 31, 1852, Congress finallv authorized the appointment of three army officers as a board ot 
 commissioners, to examine and report on the California war claims ; and their final report was made 
 April 19. I855. In this I find that Arguello, [Bandini's brother-iu-Iaw.l made, claim for f2r,688, and was 
 allowed $6,800. The total of these Califoruia claims before the commission was $987,185; and $28,570 
 more were filed after April 19, making over a million in all. The commission allowed a total of $157,365 
 of these claims, and Congress provided for their payment. A total of $157,317 were rejected; and the 
 rest were suspended, to wait further evidence. One claim of $10,000 was cut down 200 percent., and just 
 $50 was allowed the man. — See Bancroft, Hisl. Cal., I'ol. .5, p. /Oy. 
 
 |Mr. Arturo Bandini has now [1894] a .silver cup presented to his father, and bearing the following 
 inscription : "To Don Juan Bandini, from Captains H. Day, S. Casey, H. W. Wessels, H. S. Burton, and 
 C. C. Westcott, V S. Army, as a token of friendship and high esteem " These were officers with Com- 
 modore Stockton. They procured the cup and had their names eugraved upon it in Washington, and 
 then shipped it around Cape Horn to Don Juan, in 1850. 
 
92 HISTORY OF pasadf;na. 
 
 officers and troops, see Bancroft, Hist. Cal., Vol.s, p. 385-86.] The main 
 public road leading to Los Angeles was followed. The march was slow, at 
 ox-cart pace only ; and although they met with no armed resistance until 
 they reached the San Gabriel river, it was not till January 8, 1847, — ten 
 days — when they arrived there. And now they were confronted by the 
 Mexican army under Gen. Jose Maria Flores,* another of the honorable 
 Spanish Dons whom IJeut. Gillespie had rashly imprisoned because of a 
 drunken mob with which Flores had no more to do than father Adam. 
 Gov. Pio Pico and Gen. Castro had fled the country rather than surrender 
 or be captured when Stockton and Fremont took possession of Los Angeles 
 in August, 1846. Gillespie's wrongful imprisonments occurred on September 
 17. The men he arrested had been put on parole of honor by Commodore 
 Stockton ; and the Lewis History says : " The Californians arrested were 
 furious at their seizure, and at the attempt to hold them responsible for the 
 acts of a few drunken vagabonds ; and as Gillespie had violated the promise 
 made them of personal liberty when they gave their parole, they declared 
 they would be no longer bound by it." This was the view of the matter 
 taken by the intelligent and cultivated portion of the Spanish citizens ; 
 and on October 26, 1846, the remaining members of their former legislature 
 assembled in special session and elected Gen. Flores to be Governor ad 
 interim and commander-in-chief. Stockton knew nothing of these reason- 
 able views of the Spanish-Mexican citizens. He only knew of Gillespie's 
 expulsion from Los Angeles; of Mervine's severe defeat at TJominguez 
 ranch ; of his own discomfiture by Carrillo's shrewd and successful strategic 
 display of imaginary troops at San Pedro ; of Kearny's disastrous battle 
 at San Pasqual. He was here to conquer and take possession of the 
 country, and was attending strictly to business. The foregoing digression 
 was necessary, as a clue for the reader in understanding some later events. 
 
 On his march, January 4, Stockton was met by three commissioners - 
 Wra. Workman representing the American settlers; Charles Flugge repre- 
 senting the foreigners ; and Domingo Olivasf representing the Spanish or 
 Mexican citizens — asking terms of conciliation. But he was smarting un- 
 der the defeats above mentioned, was in no mood to conciliate anything, and 
 would hear to nothing but unconditional surrender — asserting at the same 
 time that Flores and others who had violated their parole would lie shot it 
 captured. 
 
 Stockton's army reached the San Gabriel river on January S, and at- 
 
 *"Tliey are formed between the American army and the Rio San Gabriel, apparently wailing to give 
 battle, and are estimated at 1,000 to 1,200— almost wholly cavalry." — Report oj Commodotf Stor/itou's 
 Scouts and Spy, on uiglit of January y. 
 
 Cue ol Stockton's officers wrote: "The enemj' had fortified themselves to the number of five 
 hundred men, with four pieces of iirlillfiy," etc. This was a mistake, for the Mexicans had only two 
 small cannon, while Stockton dad six cannon and plenty of ^ood ammunition. The same writer 
 speaking of the battle of the Mesa the next day, says: " Tht y nia<le a 1>old ami resolute stand; tried 
 our lines on every side; and man<cuvere<l their artilb'ry with much skill." 
 
 jThis was the grandfather ol Jose I). Olivas, who resides on Cypress avenue in Pasadena. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 
 
 93 
 
 tempted to cross it at the ford on the old stage road leading out by Aliso 
 street from lyos Angeles. But here he was attacked by troops under Gen. 
 Flores, Gen. Andres Pico, Capt. Carrillo, and Lieut. -Col. Manuel Garfias — 
 all of whom the American commander had foredoomed to be shot if cap- 
 tured. The Mexicans had two small brass cannon, one of which is known 
 in history as the "Woman's gun ; "* it bore a part in six battles of the Mex- 
 ican war, and is still preserved in Washington as a relic, marked "Trophy 
 53, No. 63, Class 7." Their other cannon was the mountain howitzer which 
 Pico had captured from Gen. Kearny at San Pasqual. A battle ensued in the 
 afternoon which lasted about two hours and resulted in the Americans 
 crossing the stream and driving the Mexicans from their position, f 
 
 Dr. John S. Griffin [still living, July, 1895, 011 Downey avenue, East 
 lyos Angeles,] was chief Medical officer. American loss, two men killed and 
 eight wounded. The lyos Angeles County History says: "The chief reas- 
 on that the loss of life was so small appears to have been the poor quality of 
 
 the Mexican home-made gunpowder." 
 It was made at San Gabriel in an old 
 adobe guard house that stood where 
 Mr. Silverstein's store is now [1895], 
 ^ and was a very inferior article. The 
 
 Spanish writers never mentioned but 
 three killed and two severely wounded 
 ^^ ^j^, on their side ; but Stockton reported 
 
 their loss as between seventy and 
 eighty, besides many horses. Of 
 course he could only guess at it. One 
 , % of the three Spaniards killed was 
 
 Francisco Rubio, a brother to the 
 mother of Jesus Rubio, after whom 
 our Rubio canyon was named. The 
 Mexican troops in this battle have 
 been variously estimated from 350 to 
 500 men. [Some exaggerate it up to 
 1200.] They withdrew up the Los 
 Angeles road to Aliso canyon and took 
 position again. The Americans did 
 not pursue, but camped for the night 
 
 *This was a brass cannon which had loujj Ijeen kept at the old church near the plaza in Los An- 
 geles for use on certain festival days. When Stockton and Fremont took the city, in August, 1S46. this 
 gun was hidden by the Mexicans in a patch of canes growing in the garden of Dona Clara Cota de Keyes 
 Then when Stockton learned where the four old iron cannon had been buried and sent Lieut. C.ille.spie 
 to dig them up, Mrs Reyes and her daughter dragged the lirass cannon out from the canes, and buried 
 it themselves, to keep the Americans from finding it ; and thus it got its historic name of the "Woman's 
 gun." 
 
 t" Half way across, Kearny sent a message to Stockton that it would be impossible to cross on ac- 
 count of the quicksands ; but Stockton jumped off his horse and seized the ropes, saying, " Quicksands 
 be damned ! " Kearny suppressed his anger : and the two nine-pounders, drawn by officers and men as 
 well as by mules, .soon reached the opposite bank, where thej' were immediately placed in battery." — 
 Letuis' Hist. Los A. Co., p. 76. 
 
 Dr. JOHN S. GRIFFIN — 1895 
 
94 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 on the battle ground. If a passenger on the vSanta Fe railroad going from 
 Los Angeles toward Orange and San Diego, will look out of the car window 
 on the north side as the train approaches and crosses the San Gabriel river, 
 he will be gazing on the ground where this battle of January 8 was fought. 
 
 BATTI.K OF THE MESA, OR " LAGUNA RANCH." 
 
 The next morning, January 9, Stockton learned where the Mexican 
 array had taken position, and then he moved by .the left flank away from 
 the main road and out across the open plain toward the city, on what is 
 now known as the Laguna ranch, owned by Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker, a 
 daughter of Don Juan Bandini. But at the time of the battle it was owned 
 by Don Felipe Lugo. Here Gen. Flores again opposed his advance ; 
 and another battle was fought, resulting in defeat for the Mexicans 
 and their retreat to Rancho San Pasqual [Pasadena]. Wm Heath Davis in 
 his " Sixty Years in California," says: " Twenty-five or thirty of the Cali- 
 fornians were killed and a great many wounded ; while Stockton's loss did 
 not exceed ten killed, with a few wounded." In this I understand Davis 
 to include the battles of both days. Again he says : 
 
 "Forcing their hor.ses forward, in approaching Stockton's line, every 
 horseman in their ranks threw himself over to one side, bending far down, 
 so that no part of his body, except one leg, appeared above the saddle.. 
 When the columns met and the horseman was required to use the lance or 
 do other effective service, he remained but a few seconds in the saddle, and 
 in the retreat he threw himself over along the side of the horse, and rode 
 rapidly in that position, guiding the steed skillfully at the same time. By 
 the.se tactics the cavalry of the enemy avoided presenting themselves as con- 
 spicuous marks for the American riflemen." 
 
 Lieutenant Joseph W. Revere* of the troop-ship Congress, was in this 
 battle ; and in 1873 a book of his entitled " Keel and Saddle " was publshed 
 by James R. Osgood & Co., of Boston. In his chapter 18 he describes the 
 battle, and I cjuote from page 145 to 147 his graphic account of the oppos- 
 ing forces and the action : 
 
 "Commodore Stockton, having completed his preparations, set forth 
 towards the Pueblo at the head of four hundred .seamen, .sixty dismounted 
 dragoons of Kearny's escort, fifty California volunteers, and a light battery. 
 He first encountered the enemy about five hundred cavalry, with artillery 
 - at the ford of the river San Gabriel, not far from the Angelic capital, on 
 the 8th of January, and celebrated the day by a .spirited little fight. Having 
 forced the passage of the San Gabriel, our little column (lel)ouched upon 
 the " Me.sa," a table-land .some four leagues in extent, through which runs 
 the road from San Diego to the Pueblo de Los Angeles. As we came in 
 sight of its white walls in the afternoon [January 9,] we saw a long proces- 
 sion of horsemen issuing from the town, and directing their march towards 
 us. It .'ioon became evident they meant to oppose our progress ; and our 
 jolly tars were in high spirits as they formed in .square, the artillery at the 
 
 *Crai]dson of Taiil Revere, the famou.s Hos-lon hero who lielpcd to throw tlic Hritish tea into Ho.stoii 
 harbor, and whom Longfellow has iiuniortali/.ed in his poem of " Paul Revere's Ride." 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 95 
 
 angles, to receive them. The ground was a perfectly level, treeless plain, 
 and thus admirably fitted for the evolutions of both infantry and cavalry. 
 The enemy's cavaliers were about two thousand strong [?] principally 
 rancheros, and the best horsemen probably in the world. [Stockton esti- 
 mated them at 1,000 to 1,200; but the Mexicans say they never had more 
 than 400 to 500 men, though their extra horses, amounting to something 
 over 100, made the troop look larger. — Ed.]* They were dressed in the 
 Mexican costume, in gay scrapes of all colors, and divided into bands, or 
 squadrons, each of which had some kind of music, — trumpets, bugles, and 
 even guitars and fiddles. They were armed with the escopeta (a clumsy 
 carbine,) a few with pistols and rifles, and some with sabres, and machetes ; 
 but by far the larger part had only a short lance, with a long blade, that 
 could be used with one hand. Many flags streamed over the column ; some 
 troopers having gaily colored handkerchiefs fixed to their lances, which, 
 fluttering in the breeze, gave a festal aspect to the concourse. Confidently 
 approaching our little force, they sent their led horses to the rear under 
 charge of their vaqueros, and began their dispositions for an assured vic- 
 tory, forming in two columns with a squadron front, opposed to two faces 
 of our square. 
 
 " Meanwhile, our men stood firm, as it had been thought best to with- 
 hold our fire until the charge was made. Orders were issued to wait until 
 the enemy came within pistol-shot ; but our sailors, seeing a tumultuous, 
 noisy crowd of men and horses rushing upon them with cries and wa\dng 
 flags, opened fire at half-musket range rather prematurely. Our cartridges, 
 being an ounce ball and three buck-shot, proved very destructive. Men and 
 horses tumbled over in considerable numbers, and the six-pound field-guns 
 completed their discomfiture. They retired, however, in tolerable order, 
 carrying off" the wounded — those who had lost their horses hanging by the 
 stirrups of the more fortunate — and again formed for another charge. Three 
 times they essayed to shake our square ; but, being steadily met with the 
 same withering fire, they at last desisted, and rode off" towards the moun- 
 tains, leaving open to us the road to their capital, which we entered on the 
 same evening. The force which attacked us on this occasion consisted of 
 native Californians, superior to Mexicans in physical power and military 
 spirit, and far better horsemen ; while all the conditions of the action were 
 favorable for cavalry in attacking infantry. These men were not only finely 
 mounted on well-trained horses, but had also remounts on the field. Yet 
 not one of them got within twenty yards of our square, in the face of that 
 steady rolling file-firing ; nor was a single bayonet or lance on either side 
 reddened with the blood of horse or man. It was a fair test of the respec- 
 tive merits of fiery and chivalrous cavalry opposed to steady and disciplined 
 infantry ; and the former was, as the sportsmen say, "nowhere." 
 
 "Their leader, Flores, attacked our sailor battalion in preference to the 
 volunteer force of Fremont, which had the prestige of long frontier experi- 
 ence that had habituated them to Indian warfare, and made them unerring 
 marksmen. I think he committed a serious blunder ; and that had he en- 
 gaged Fremont's force — which had no knowledge of infantry drill, or dis- 
 cipline, and no bayonets — he must have been successful. This affair ended 
 
 *In a private letter to Fremont, dated Jan. loth, the very next day after the battle. Gen. Kearny 
 wrote : " Their force does not exceed four hundred— perhaps not more than three hundred." And again 
 on the 12th he wrote; "We met and defeated the whole force of the Californians on the 8th and 9th. 
 They have not now to exceed 300 men coucenlraied."—Btgelozv's " Li'/e of Fremont,'' p. 265. 
 
96 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the Struggle for the possession of Upper California, and our squadron sailed 
 soon after for the coast of Mexico, where a part of it was employed in 
 blockading Ma/.atlan and vSan Bias, while my ship [sloop Cyaiic] was sent 
 with the frigate Congress to Guaymas." 
 
 In regard to Flores' attacking the "sailor battalion " in preference to 
 Fremont's troops. Revere was greatly mistaken ; for the Mexican army had 
 waited at Cahuenga and San Fernando Old Mission to intercept Fremont 
 and give him battle there, till they heard on January 7 that Stockton was 
 advancing from San Diego. -i^ Then the}^ moved hastily down the Monterey 
 road acro.ss Rancho San Pasqual to the San Gabriel river, and Garfias sup- 
 plied his company with extra horses as they passed through his ranch ; and 
 some food supplies for the army were obtained at San Gabriel while passing 
 through that village. A woman who has resided in Pasadena for nine or 
 ten years past, and known as "Old Francesca," galloped about the country 
 on horseback gathering provisions for the Mexican troops, although she 
 was then 53 years of age, having been born at L,os Nietos in November or 
 December, 1794.! (I visited her September 23, 1894, [also three other 
 times,] and her grandsons, Frank Lugo and Jose L,ugo, Jr., acted as inter- 
 preters for me.) When Col. Fremont inarched into Los Angeles after the 
 capitulation of Cahuenga, he took Gov. Pico's house for his quarters. This 
 Pasadena woman, FVancesca de Luga, was then occupying the house to 
 take care of it : and she delivered its keys to Fremont. ^ 
 
 The battle of the Mesa (Laguna ranch) closed about 4 o'clock p. m., 
 when the Mexicans " rode off toward the mountains," as Revere puts it. 
 They had made three brave but unsuccessful charges upon the American 
 artillery, it being supported by a hollow square of well-armed, well-drilled 
 and well-officered marines. The California Spaniards showed as much dash 
 and bravery and skill in manceuvering and charging as the Americans ever 
 did ; but the advantage of good powder, good firearms, good training and 
 actual fighting numbers, was all against them ; and the fact that they main- 
 tained this unequal contest for two days, or that they engaged in it at all, 
 showed a degree of patriotic devotion in fighting for their own flag and 
 
 *B. D. Wilson used to tell with imicli humor, an incident of this lime. He and other Americans 
 were held as priKOiiersof war. and Don .^ndres Pico, the C.eneral, had always been very kind to them, 
 -SO that thcv really felt a friendly concern for his safely. When he was starling out wilh "the expectation 
 of meeting Col. h'remont in battle, Mr. Wilson, Win? Workman, and others, told him of their feeling 
 toward him - told him that I-reinont's men were all expert riflemen, and they feared if Don Andres ex- 
 posed himself on the field he would be shot. The General naively replied: "Don't be anxious about 
 me, gentlemen. I would rather have liistorv record where Don Andres ran than where Don Andres 
 fell." This I have from Hon. J. De Harth Sho'rb. 
 
 tThc Los Nietos [or Santa Gertrudis] ranch was granted to Mauuel Nieto by Gov. lages in 17S4— 
 the first land grant ever made iu Los Angeles county 
 
 I" I lived alone, after a short time, in the ancient capital of the KO^'ernors peneral of Los Angeles, 
 wilhont guards or military protection : the cavalry having been sent off nine miles to the Mission San 
 Gabriel. I lived in the midst of the people in their ancient capital, administering the governmenl as a 
 governor lives in the capital of any of our states."— F.xtyact f)om /•'temoiiCs ans7ve> to "Sf>fci /nation 7," 
 in <",eneral Kearny's disgraceful conspiracy to ruin I'remonl through a preprejudiced court martial at 
 Washington, in 1K47-48. This Kearny gained military prestige by falsifying records within his control, 
 and claimingachievemenls which were none <)f his. He dicdat St Louis, Oct. .^i. iS.|S. Gen. I'hil. Kearny, 
 who won honorable distinction in the war of the rebellion, aiul after whom "I'hil Kearny Camp S. of V." 
 iu Pasadena was named, was a very different sort of man. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 
 
 97 
 
 country which nearly all American writers have unjustly ignored. After 
 the battle they retreated to Raucho San Pasqual, making their camp on the 
 south slope of what is now Raymond hill ; this hill was then 34 feet higher 
 than at present, and had a stream of water, and Jose Perez's old adobe 
 house [still standing, 1895,] and a fine oak grove on its south slope, extend- 
 ing down to and beyond the Monterey road. Sentinel horsemen were kept 
 posted on the peak of that hill, and also on the hills below South Pasadena, 
 to watch for an expected pursuit by the American cavalry.* But Stockton 
 paid no further attention to the Mexican army ; it was L,os Angeles city he 
 was after, and there he went, marching in with flags flying and bands play- 
 ing, and took formal possession again on the morning of January 10. 
 
 On September 6, 1894, Dona L,uisa Garfias, who now resides at San 
 Diego, visited Arturo Bandini's family. It was the first time she had been 
 
 on the old ranch since it was sold 
 from her, about thirty years ago ; 
 and as soon as she came in sight of 
 it, on the cars at South Pasadena, 
 her feelings overcame her and she 
 wept until she reached Bandini's 
 house. In course of conversation 
 she told Mrs. Bandini how she re- 
 membered seeing the Mexican horse- 
 men on top of Raymond hill, and 
 on the South Pasadena hills, watch- 
 ing for the American cavalry to 
 pursue them, after the battles of 
 January 8. and 9, 1847. She was 
 then at the house of her mother's 
 major domo, Camacho, near the 
 Garfias spring. 
 
 Commodore Stockton took and 
 used as his headquarters the adobe 
 house which is still standing, Nos. 
 14, 16, 18, Olvera street, north of the plaza. It was the city home of 
 
 DONA ENCARNACION SEPULVEDA DE ABILA 
 
 *"The in.surgent force uuder Flores, failing to make any impression upon the Americans in an at- 
 tack upon the marching column on the gth, was moved to San Pasqual, some five or six [8] miles north- 
 east of Los Angeles. * * On the night of the i ith, about midnight, Don Jose Jesus Pico came 
 into the camp of the Californians, at San Pasqual, and gave them the information that Col. Fremont 
 had reached San Fernando. * * After having met Col. Fremont at San Fernando. Messrs. Rico 
 and De la Guerra returned to San Pasqual early in the morning of the 12th. [About noon.] Immediately 
 after their return to camp, Don Jose Antonio Carrillo and Don Augu.stin Olvera were appointed and 
 commissioned bv Genera! Pico, to meet and negotiate terms of capitulation with commissioners to be 
 appointed by Col. Fremont. Gen. Pico immediately broke up his camp at San Pasqual, and with his 
 entire comriiand accompanied his commissioners to Providencia." — {Col. J. J. IVarner, in Centennial 
 History of Los Angeles County, />. 16. 
 
 Providencia was a southwest portion of ihe San Rafnel or Ver.luso ranch, on the Monterey road, 
 where Flores and Pico had stationed a small force to watch and report Fremont's movements. 
 
98 HISTOKY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 Dona Encarncion Abila (Mrs. Garfias's mother,) who had fled with her 
 family to the home of the old Frenchman, Louis Vigues, for safety. 
 
 FREMONT'S NEGOTIATIONS. 
 
 Colonel Fremont, after a stormy winter march of extraordinary hard- 
 ship down the mountainous coast from Monterey,* arrived at old Mission 
 San Fernando, on the evening of January ii.f With him was Don Jesus 
 Pico, [a cousin of Governor Pio Pico and Gen. Andres Pico] whose life 
 Fremont had saved after he was condemned by a court-martial to be shot for 
 violating his parole. Don Jesus immediatel}^ rode down lo the Mexican 
 camp at Raymond hill, and reached it a little before midnight, having been 
 detained awhile at the picket camp on Verdugo ranch. He informed them 
 of Fremont's arrival and of his fighting strength, which made their cause 
 evidently hopeless ; and he urged them to seek terms of capitulation or sur- 
 render from Fremont. A council was at once called, of such leading men 
 as Gen. Flores, Andres Pico, Carrillo, Garfias, Olvera, La Guerra, Manuel 
 Ca.stro, etc., and the surrender plan was agreed upon. Gen. Flores and 
 Lieut. Col. Garfias approved of it, though they would not themselves re- 
 main but would depart for Mexico, as they were commissioned officers in the 
 regular Mexican army. Flores had been elected Governor and commander-in- 
 chief of California by the Legislature in special session at Los Angeles in 
 the October previous ; and he now formally appointed Don Andres Pico to 
 the chief command. Gen. Pico then appointed Francisco de la Guerra and 
 Francisco Rico (two more of the Dons whom Gillespie had imprisoned) to 
 go with Don Jesus and see what terms, if au)^, Fremont would make. By 
 daylight they set off on this errand. And about the same time Flores and 
 Garfias, with forty or fifty men, started for Mexico by way of San Gabriel, 
 San Bernardino, San Gorgonio pass and Sonora. The two men who had 
 been sent as a preliminary committee to see Fremont returned about noon 
 with a favorable report. Fremont had ordered a suspension of hostilities 
 for the day, and given the Mexicans permis.sion to bring their wounded to 
 San Fernando Mission for care and treatment. Upon this, Gen. Pico ap- 
 pointed Captain J. A. Carrillo, who had defeated Mervine at the 1:)attle of 
 Dominguez ranch, and Hon. Agustin Olvera who was a member and sec- 
 retary of the last legislative session, to be commi.ssiouers representing the 
 people of California, and who would meet a similar commission to be ap- 
 
 *The start was made in the winter. The weather being very .severe, many hardships weresnffered 
 by the troops on the march, and when they arrived at Santa Barbara man>~of them were in a very weak 
 condition. * * I told Col Fremont I could .si'pplv them with flour, te.T, coffee, s\iRar, and clothing. 
 * * Upon order of his quartermastfr and commissary, goods aiiioiinling to about $f>,ono were land- 
 ed for them from my vessel the next day."— /t^w. Htath Davis, " Sixty )'rars in Califo) >ii<i." pp. /i^-if). 
 
 " The passage was made with great difficnlty. Hoth men and horses suffered exceedingly. He- 
 tween 150 and 200 horses were lost. The men were obliged to ])ull the cannon over the roughest 
 places by hand."— ///V/<r//'i ///.v/. Cat., yol. 2, p. 60:;. Our B. V. K. Kellogg was one of these men. This 
 was the same severe winter in which the terrible Donner I^ake disaster occurred. 
 
 tWhile T-remont was encamped in the willows just across the creek west of Ventura, after march- 
 ing down the beach road from Carpeuteria which is only i)assable at low ti<le, he was met by a messen- 
 ger with despatches from Stockton: and this messensrer. who had reached Kremont's camp through 
 hardship and peril was Uan Se.xton. |See .\rlicle " Dan Se-vlon's Old Adobe Mill," in Chap. 3.J 
 
DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADENIAN. 99 
 
 pointed by Col. Fremont. All these stirring, historic events occurred with- 
 in a few hours, in the Mexican camp within the borders of South Pasadena, 
 on the South slope of Raymond hill ; and now Gen. Pico moved his camp 
 about six miles over on the Verdugo [San Rafael] ranch* along the old 
 Monterey road toward San Fernando Mission, which place was then his 
 own propertyt but occupied by Fremont's troops. In Fremont's Memoirs, 
 page 601, he says : " The next morning, [13th] accompanied only by Don 
 Jesus, I rode over to the camp of the Californians, and in a conference with 
 Don Andres the important features of a treaty of capitulation were agreed 
 upon." 
 
 The same day both armies marched to the old Cahuenga ranch house, 
 on the most direct road to L,os Angeles, | There the terms of surrender were 
 completed in form, and signed by the commissioners and commanders on 
 both sides. The Mexicans agreed to turn over all arms, equipments and 
 war materials in their possession, and to assist in restoring peace and order 
 among the people of California, under United States authority ; and on com- 
 plying with this, they were "guaranteed protection of life and property, 
 whether on parole or otherwise .'^ Here W'as the vital point ; for Stockton had 
 doomed Flores, Carrillo, Pico, Garfias, and others to be shot, who had 
 violated their parole after Gillespie had, as they thought, violated the terms 
 on which they had given such parole, but which they had scrupulously ob- 
 served up to that time. Fremont's idea and mission had not been to "con- 
 quer " and subdue the Californians ; but to secure the territory to the United 
 States before England could take it under her protectorate control in accord- 
 ance with Rev. M'Namara's great Irish Catholic colonizing .scheme — a pro- 
 ject which came within a few days of being consummated. The plan had 
 been favored bj' President Santa Ana and h;s council in Mexico ; and on July 
 7, 1846, the Departmental Assembly of California at lyOS Angeles, under Gov. 
 Pio Pico, had formally granted to M'Namara one .square league apiece for 
 8,000 Irish Catholic immigrant families, to be colonized in California>5 — that 
 measure of land being equal to 13,500,000 acres. [Fremont's Memoirs, p. 553.] 
 M'Namara was then at Santa Barbara, fresh from Mexico ; and on the i6th 
 
 *The Mexicans had a small force encamped here before to watch Fremont's movements. And be- 
 cause of these two camps, ai d because Geu. Pico was visited by Gen. Fremont here, much confusion has 
 arisen, and many erroneous statements have been published in regard to the whole matter of Fremont's 
 negotiations. Hence I have taken extra pains to identify localities and to trace the rapidlj- occurring 
 incidents in their chronological order. That sub-camp was near the old Verdugo ranch house, about 
 where the village of Glendale now stands. 
 
 fin December, 1845, Aadres Pico and Juan Manso had leased San Fernando old Mission and ranch 
 for $1,120 per year. .' 
 
 jGen. Pico's camp at Providencia [near Glendale] was only five or six miles from Cahuenga ; but 
 Fremont's troops had to march sixteen or seventeen miles, as the road then ran by way of rancho F^l En- 
 cino to a ford and thence down the west bank of the Los Angeles river to Cahuenga pass. 
 
 {jGov Pico and the Spanish consul both urged the assembly to make the grant. On July 6 it was 
 referred to Bandini and his brother-in-law Arguello as a committee. They put in 'stipulations" 
 which in practical working .spoiled it alike for an ecclesiastical scheme, a speculation scheme, or a Brit- 
 ish government scheme, and then recommended its passage. And it was passed without noticing that 
 Bandini had sawed off its teeth so it couldn't feed iiself or anj-body else However, if the British had 
 succeeded in getting a protectorate foothold under that grant, they would have found a waj' to make it 
 stick. 
 
lOO 
 
 HIvSTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 of that month the British Admiral, Geo. F. vSeymour sailed into Monterey 
 Bay for the purpose of hoisting the British flag and proclaiming a British 
 protectorate. 'i- But the Americans had got ahead of him and had hoisted 
 their flag and taken possession on the 7th of the month. (For official docu- 
 ments, debates in congress, etc., on this matter, see Fremont's Memoirs, 
 Vol. I, pages 547 to 549, and on to 559). The initial and preparatory steps 
 which resulted in the country being thus taken before the British got hold 
 of it were di.stinctly those of Fremont. And here from Pasadena com- 
 menced the negotiations with him which secured to the vSpaniards an honor- 
 orable treaty of peace instead of a galling submission to mere brute force, 
 when he thus wisely pacified the country by the terms given in the only 
 formal surrender of California that was ever made by any California officials 
 to any United States officer. It was the white hand of Destiny enforcing 
 the law of poetic justice, by awarding to Fremont this indefeasible seal to 
 
 l,.in.l of Sunshine" Photo, IWifi 
 HOUSE TAKEN BY COMMODORE STOCKTON FOR HIS HEADQUARTERS, JAN. 10, 1847. 
 
 himself as the one central figure of the California conquest, but which in 
 later years narrow-minded, envious men most persi.stently sought to pluck 
 from his plume of honors all heroically and worthily won.r When other 
 men stood halting and haggling about precedents, he made a precedent by 
 going ahead and doini^ the thing which needed to be done, right now. Fre- 
 mont recognized that these Spanish .soldiers had fought l)ravely, with patri- 
 otic devotion to their own flag, and .should not be treated as outlaw mis- 
 
 ♦Rofiinan Price, afterward governor of New Jersey, was purser of Coiiinindorc Sloat's s(|\iadroii at 
 this time, and lie wrote: "The l-jiglish admiral arrived a few days afterward, and the first tiling he 
 said on meeting the commodore was, ' Sloat, if your flag was not flying on shore, I sliould tiave hoisted 
 mine there.' " 
 
 tLieut. Walpole of the Ivnglish flag shij) Collingwood, who saw Fremont's troops at Monterey, 
 wrote about them, and among other things said : " Thev are allowed no liipior ; tea and sugar only. 
 This uo doubt has much to do with their good conduct."— See "Eatly Days ami Men of Cali/otnia" f- 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADKNIAN. lOI 
 
 creants. They appreciated this chivalric sentiment and courtesy on his 
 part, and became true and loyal citizens of the United States, many of them 
 afterward holding important offices under the new order of government. 
 
 In his report to the Navy Department at Washington, Commodore 
 Stockton wrote: " By the capitulation we have recovered the gun taken by 
 the insurgents at the sad defeat of Gen. Kearny at San Pasqual." The 
 other historic cannon called the "Woman's gun," was also delivered up to 
 Fremont at this time, and afterward used in three other battles of the United 
 States against Mexico to-wit : Mazatlan, Urios Palos Prietos, and San Jose 
 in Lower California. A document produced in evidence at the trial of Fre- 
 mont in Washington, in November, December, January, 1847-48, spoke of 
 Fremont arriving at Los Angeles January 13, 1847, "with 400 mounted 
 riflemen, and six pieces of artillery, including among the latter two pieces 
 lately in possession of the Calif ornians.'' These were the only cannon the 
 Californians had for use in any of the battles, while Stockton had six and 
 Fremont four to use again.st them. Th«ie two cannon were with the Mexi- 
 cans in their camp at South Pasadena ; and in the ensuing month of March 
 Fremont's battalion was on duty at San Gabriel, occupied the old Mi.ssion 
 court as barracks, and had their six cannon, including the.se two, there. 
 [See Bigelow's Life of Fremont, pp. 311-12-13]. 
 
 While Fremont served as Governor of California under Commodore 
 Stockton's appointment, he occupied Gov. Pio Pico's residence fronting the 
 plaza ; and in regard to this I have a letter from Mrs. Fremont dated Los 
 Angeles, November 14, 1894, i^^ which .she says : 
 
 "Don Abel Stearns had his lien on that Pico mansion used by Gen. 
 Fremont as headquarters. I wish you could identify and fix the place ; for 
 other hou.ses in a then unbuilt part of the town, southwest, have been pho- 
 tographed and sold to tourists as the old ' headquarters ' — especially one on 
 Main street, a one-story adobe with a fine pepper tree, a kind of tree un- 
 known here forty years ago,* Gen. Fremont himself had trouble identify- 
 ing the old Pico house when he showed it to me in 1888. But it was then 
 converted into a great granary and its upper floor built out over what had 
 been a surrounding gallery. It was almost in line with the old church at 
 the plaza ; in line with his fort on the hill ;" etc. 
 
 As Mrs. Fremont requested, I have learned positively from old Spanish 
 people who were here at the time, and also from Americans who have lived 
 here ever since 1847, just where Gov. Pico's residence was. It stood on the 
 south .side of the Plaza, fronting north, and extended from Los Angeles 
 street west to Sanchez street, at rear of the old Pico hotel, now called " Na- 
 tional." The fire engine liou.se there occupies part of the ground, the old 
 Pico adobe having been torn away. All that still remains of the old walls 
 occupied by Pico as the last Mexican governor, and by Col. Fremont as the 
 
 *The house referred to was awaj' out at Thirteenth street, nearly two miles " out of town " at that 
 time — a house that Fremont probably never saw at all. I have se^ those pictures myself, with their 
 false label, and denounced it as a fraud. 
 
I02 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADRNA. 
 
 first American governor, is a few feet of adolie frontage occupied bj' a 
 Chinese store ; and adjoining this on the west is a board shanty occupied as 
 Chinese lodgings. [See plate.] 
 
 The "Fort," which was a mere earthwork, and after 1847 was gen- 
 erally called " Fremont's redout,"* was commenced by Gov. Micheltorena 
 in 1844 ; was occupied and improved a little by Lieut. Gillespie in September, 
 
 1846 ; was occupied and further improved by Col. Fremont's troops in January 
 
 1847 ; was enlarged and further .strengthened by Col. Stevenson in 1847-48, 
 after Fremont had been taken east for court martial under Gen. Kearny's 
 infamous conspiracy. f Among the soldiers in Fremont's battalion in 1847 
 
 "LmihJ ot Sunshine" Flmt... IS95. 
 
 SITE OF COL. FREMONT'S HEADQUARTERS AS MILITARY GOVERNOR OF 
 CALIFORNIA, IN JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1847. 
 
 was B. F. E. Kellogg, father of Mrs. Byron O. Clark of Pasadena. Mr. 
 Kellogg and a brother had the contract and l)uilt the United vStates fort at 
 Fort Laramie, Nel^raska, in 1844. Then in 1846 he came across the moun- 
 tains with ox teams to California, arriving in Napa county in November. 
 Fremont was then recruiting his battalion at Monterey for the march to Los 
 Angeles, and Mr. Kellogg immediately joined it. He was with them on 
 the march, and at San Fernando, and the capitulation of Cahuenga, and in 
 Los Angeles, and at San Gabriel where they waited some weeks to be final- 
 ly discharged. Mr. Kellogg died at Anaheim December 16, 1890, but was 
 l:»uried at Mountain View cemetery, Pasadena ; and his grave is one oftho.se 
 that are annually decorated there on Memorial day. 
 
 *In Uecemher, 18S3, I .^everaI times visitt<i tliis old fort or redmil, exniuiiiitifc its b.Trhetles, its 
 salient angles, rampart walls, sally ports, etc., some parts of which were then still tr;iccril)le ; luit it has 
 all since l)eeii obliterated by street grading and other improvements 
 
 f'Oiie of the howitzers which Owens was ordered to give up had been captured from Kearney at 
 San rasipial and given up to Fremont at Cahuenga.'' Hhl Cat., \ 'ol . ,s, p !.)(>. 
 
 This order occurred at San <".abriel, while onr H. !•'. Kellogg was therewith Fremont's baKalioii 
 under Capt. Owens. Kearny had always chafed under what had haijpened with his howit/.er, and hated 
 Fremont accordingly ; and this was one ste)) in his plot to insult ;ind aggravate !• i enionl into some tech- 
 nical insubordination. He refused to let Capl. Owens obey the sinistei ortler, auil that refusal was one 
 of the truniped-\ip charges against him for court martial. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 
 
 10254 
 
 CORRECTION MAP.*- Historic points in January, 1847. 
 
 1.— Commodore Stockton's headquatters, January 10 to U, 1S47. [See page 100.] 
 
 2.— Stockton's troops encamped on the plaza. 
 
 3.— Col. Fremont's lieadfiuarters while Governor of Californ 
 
 two-story adobe house owned by Alexander 
 
 Porcupine." 
 
 i-law, Jose Moreno, lived there. House still 
 there in later years, and hence many supposed that 
 He had bought this place from the heirs of Don Juan 
 
 1846-47, 
 
 Bell, uncle to Maj. Horace Bell, editor of the Los Angeles ' 
 
 4.— An old one-story adobe house owned by Pio Pico, whose son-i 
 standing. Pico himself had lodgings and an offlc 
 that was where he lived when he was governor. 
 Marine, who died in ItSfl. [See page 71.] 
 
 .5.-Residence of Pio Pico while he was Governor. Mrs. Pico still held and occupied this f^n^'°°^„^„,„__. 
 while her husband was absent in Mexico. Stephen Foster tned to rent her house for the government, 
 for use as army hospital, but she would not consent, fearing if she did it would be neld as surren- 
 dered," and «o taken from her: then he secured the building on Upper Mam near Ord street, marked a. 
 
 e.-Headquarters and barracks of Lieut. Gillespie, where the " battle of Los Angeles" was fought^ September 
 23, 18+6. [See p. 83.] The same buildings were occupied by Col. Fremont s troops, Jan y and teu y, isii. 
 
 7.-Adobe buildings occupied by Col. Stevenson's troops, 1847. This structure was afterward used as county 
 and city jail. 
 
 8.— Adobe building occupied by Quartermaster's department, 1S47. 
 
 8.— Adobe building used as military hospital— now all torn away. [The figure 9 should be nearer to Ord st.] 
 10. — Residence of Jose Antonio Carrillo. 
 
 11.— Residence of Jose Sepulveda. The present Pico hotel stands on these two lots. 
 
 12.-Residence of Manuel Garfias. a Mexican Lieut. Col. in the battles of January 8, 9, 1847, and owner of Rancho 
 San Pascual. [See page 73, footnote.] 
 
 13 —B. D. Wilson's store ; the two old iron cannon were planted there in 1849, and are there yet. [See p.84; 335.] 
 
 14.— Abel Stearns's corners, where were planted in 1849 the two old iron cannon which now lie at west front of 
 court house. 
 
 15.-01d church at the plaza, for which the original roof-timbers were gotten out by the Yankee "pirate prisoner " 
 Joe Chapman in lSIS-19. from Millard's and Grand canyon, within a mile down from the Alpine lavern 
 on Alpine section of the Mt. Lowe Railway. [See pau'es 43 to 52, and page 385.) 
 
 16 -The " Fort " which was commenced by Gov. Micheltorena in 1844 ; used by Lieut. Gillespie in September, 
 1846 ; built in proper military form by Col. Fremont in January, 1847 : further improved by Col. Steven- 
 son the same year. Now entirely obliterated. 
 I prepared the above diagram from information furnished me at different times by the following old-time 
 
 Californians, who are still living ; Hon. Stephen C. Foster, aged 74 ; Francisco Garcia 114 on May 1, I8H.j • 
 
 G W Robinson, SB ; Elijah Moulton, 74 ; Thedore Rimpau, 09 ; Jose Perez, 63 : Pio Zabaleta, 62 ; Ju«e B. b. 
 
 Eaton, 72 ; Dr. John S. Grifftn, 79 ; besides printed records, and my own examination of tremont s Redout 
 
 in December, 1883. 
 
 For six weeks before this chapter IV was printed I bad been trying to find Hon. 
 Stephen C. Foster, to obtain his verdict on some matters which I had written here, 
 upon information received from four old Spanish and two old American residents. Mr. 
 Foster had served as government interpreter at Los Angeles in 1847, and all its business 
 with Spanish people was done through him ; then in 1848-49 ^^ was the "alcalde" or 
 mayor and civil judge of Los Angeles ; and on these old historic matters he is the best 
 posted man living. My letters to him at Downey failed ; and many inquiries for him 
 at the court house, and at the City Clerk's office, and at the City Library failed, until 
 after the matter as then written had to go to press. But three days afterward I found 
 him, and learned that my previous informants were in error on several points ; and I 
 
 * The cut on page 102 was made for the "Land of Sunshine," but was first printed m my pages. 
 Then I discovered its error before they were ready to print it, and hence prepared and furnished them 
 ihis Correction Map instead. See "Land of Sunshine" for October, 1S95; page 222. 
 
I02 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 stop the reader right here, to make correction. I have since also seen old Senor Fran- 
 cisco Garcia, who was with Gov. Micheltorena in the battle of Caheunga in 1845, and 
 Elijah Moulton who was with Col. Fremont on his wintry march down the coast, and 
 into Los Angeles, January 13, 1847. And from the new and authentic information thus 
 obtained I have prepared the above correction noiap of the chief historic points in 
 Los Angeles in 1847: 
 
 The popular story that Fremont as first American governor occupied the same 
 house that Pico lived in, as the last Mexican governor, is entirely a fiction. Neither 
 Fremont nor his troops occupied any house owned by Don Pio Pico, although Mrs. 
 Fremont herself thought he did. [See her letter on page loi.] Hence, old Francesca's 
 story about " delivering the keys of Pico's house to Col. Fremont," as I have it on 
 pages 96 and 103, is a fiction. Neither P^oster, Garcia or Moulton had ever heard of it. 
 They say she then lived at San Gabriel, not at Los Angeles. [She may have passed the 
 keys of some house at San Gabriel to some officer of FreinonV s battallion while they 
 were stationed at the Mission, and the incident been misreported and magnified ; for I 
 talked with old people there who thought it was true. And " one of Fremont's officers" 
 could easily grow into "Fremont himself."] The building on which Abel Stearns had 
 a mortgage, as mentioned by Mrs. Fremont [page loi], was the one called the " gov- 
 ernment building" occupied as barracks by Lieutenant Gillespie in 1846, and by Fre- 
 mont's battallion in January, 1847 ; but it never belonged to Pico. 
 
 My statement on pages 93, loi, and footnote to 335, that the Mexicans had only two 
 cannon, is an error. Mr. Foster showed me Maj. Emory's official report, with a military 
 map or diagram of the two days battlefields, made at the time, giving relative positions 
 and movements of the opposing armies at different stages of the Contest ; and it seems 
 that the Mexicans had two "common, short, heavy cast iron guns," as B. D. Wilson 
 says, besides the two brass ones. Foster says that after the battle of Dominguez they 
 managed in some way to get two iron cannon, but he could never find outjusthow or where. 
 They were the very old style of guns called carronades, one or moreof which were almost 
 always carried on merchant ships. When Gen. Andres Pico marched from Rancho San 
 Pasqual to Providencia, after deciding on surrender to Fremont, the iron guns were too 
 heavy to haul along, so he hid them in the Arroyo Seco, somewhere near the Garvanza 
 ford at the old Monterey road crossing. These were the gtins which Gen. Pico told 
 Commodore Stockton about, as mentioned by B. D. Wilson [page 335] ; and Wilson 
 evidently, when he wrote, had them in his mind as the same ones which he got from the 
 surf at San Pedro and planted at his store on Commercial street. This mistake of 
 Wilson's misled me as to the Mexicans having any others but the two brass guns. 
 Foster says these Arroyo Seco guns were brought into Los Angeles, and fired on holidays 
 year after year until Fourth-of-July, i860, when one of them burst into three pieces 
 w^hile being fired by a man named Moore (nobody hurt). The other one he had lost 
 track of, but thinks it was burst also. 
 
 Jose Perez died in 1840, and Stephen P'oster married his widow in August, 1848. 
 [See pages 71-72.] She is still living, September, 1895, at their home place near 
 Downey ; aged 79. 
 
 My footnote on page 83 is wrong. Foster says it was Diego Sepulveda, a nephew of 
 Enrique, who was with Del Carmen Lugo at the battle of Chino. Enrique Sepulveda 
 died at Monterey in 1S44. 
 
 •■ Unil of Sunsluiu'," Oct . IHIU. 
 ONE OF THE HI8T0HIC OLD CANNON, AT WEST FRONT OF THE COURT HOUSE. 
 
DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. IO3 
 
 And now, to recapitulate : Pasadena has the following living links of 
 direct connection with persons who took part in the struggle within easy 
 cannon sound of our streets, which resulted in making California an Eng- 
 lish-speaking American state, instead of a Spanish-speaking Mexican pro- 
 vince : 
 
 ArTuro Bandini : His father and mother, his maternal grandfather 
 and two uncles all bore some goodly part on the American side, as fully 
 narrated in preceding pages. 
 
 Hon. B. D. Wilson: See article, "Battle of Chino." Mrs. Wilson 
 and her daughters, Mrs. Ruth W. Patton and Miss Annie Wilson, and Mr. 
 Wilson's older daughter, Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb, are still with us — 1S95. 
 
 Don Manukl Garpias : The first U. S. patentee owner of Pasadena 
 soil was a Mexican lyieut.-Col. of cavalry, and took part in the battles of 
 San Gabriel Ford and Laguna ranch January 8-9, 1847. From these de- 
 feats he went to Mexico, and was among the prisoners taken bj^ Gen. Scott 
 when his army finally captured the City of Mexico. 
 
 Dr. John S. Griffin : From whom the Orange Grove Colony bought 
 their land and started the Pasadena settlement. He was chief medical offi- 
 cer of the American troops in the battles of San Pasqual [San Diego coun- 
 ty, December 6, 1846], San Gabriel ford, and L,aguna ranch. He was 
 brother-in-law to our Judge Eaton, and brother to Mrs. Gen. Albert Sidney 
 Johnston. [See page 76, foot note]. 
 
 Kit Carson : Col. Fremont's famous Rocky Mountain guide and scout 
 was with Fremont's troops in their march from San Diego to Los Angeles 
 in July-August, 1846 ; was sent as .special envoy with despatches to Washing- 
 ton from Stockton and Fremont ; was stripped of his despatches and forced 
 to turn back by Gen. Kearny on the road from Santa Fe ; he was thus in 
 the battle of San Pasqual, and also in the battles of January 8 and 9, 1847. 
 His brother Apollos Carson was in Fremont's battalion also ; and his son 
 Sam afterward lived a while in Pasadena. John V. Carson and his son Eu- 
 gene, well known building contractors of Pasadena, are cousins of Kit Car- 
 son ; and J. C. Studebaker is a nephew — son of Kit's sister Sarah. 
 
 Old Francesca Eugo : Don Felipe Eugo owned the great La- 
 guna ranch, then called " Ea Mesa," at the time the battle of January 9, 
 1847, was fought there in plain sight of the whitewashed adobe walls of 
 Eos Angeles ; and she herself acted as supply agent and commissary for the 
 Mexican troops during the two days' battles. Then when Col. Fremont 
 marched into the city and became the first American governor of California, 
 she delivered to him the keys of Gov. Pio Pico's house. She has resided in 
 Pasadena with her son Jose Eugo, on the Arroyo flat under the Einda Vista 
 bluff, for nine or ten years past, and claimed to be 100 years old about De- 
 cember I, 1894. 
 
I04 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 B. F. E. KKLLor.G : Member of Fremont's California l)attalion, father- 
 in-law to Byron O. Clark, one of our best known citizens for ten or twelve 
 years past. 
 
 Jrsus Rurio, the original owner of Rubio Canyon, l)ronght his uncle, 
 Francisco Rubio, to San Gabriel from the I^aguna ranch battle field where 
 he was fatally wounded and died next day. His uncle, Manuel Rubio, was 
 slightly wounded while lassoing Gen. Kearny's artillery'' horses in the battle 
 of San Pasqual. [Jesus Rubio now lives at Duarte — 1895.] 
 
 Jose D. Olivas : grandson of Domingo Olivas, who was one of the 
 three peace commissioners who met Commodore '^Stockton on his second 
 march against Los Angeles. Olivas represented the Spanish people. 
 
 Other citizens of Pasadena who took part in the Mexican war were : 
 J. A. Buchanan, 4tli Regt. Indiana Volunteers ; Charles Everett, teamster ; 
 Parley S. Tubbs, 6th U. S. Inf.; A. Wakely, Co. D 7th U. S. Inf. In the 
 war of the rebellion, 1861-65, Wakely was a captain in the 98th N. Y. Inf. 
 Mr. Everett was a member of F troop in Brig. -Gen. Kit Carson's ist. Regt. 
 New Mexico mounted infantr3\ Buchanan was purchasing agent in quar- 
 termaster department. 
 
 schedule of BATTI.f:S in LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 The battles or memorable actions locall}' near to Pasadena were : 
 
 Capture of Los Angeles, without battle, August 13, 1846, by Commo- 
 dore Stockton and Col. Fremont. 
 
 Night attack on American headquarters l)y Serbulo Barrelas and his 
 drunken revellers celebrating the Mexican "Independence Day," September 
 16, 1846. 
 
 Arrest and imprisonment of leading Spanish citizens by Lieut. Gillespie, 
 September 17th and i8th, on account of the drunken mob. 
 
 Siege of Gillespie' s barracks and headquarters by Mexicans in revolt, 
 September 19, 20, 21, etc., and he sent to Capt. B. D. Wilson at Jurupa, 
 [now Riverside] for reinforcements. 
 
 Battle of Chino, September 27, 1S46. Americans under Capt. B. D. 
 Wilson all captured, and held as prisoners of war by the Mexicans until 
 January 10, 1847. 
 
 Battle of Los Angeles, September 23, 1846.* The Mexicans made a 
 dashing assault on Gillespie's barracks, which were inside of high adobe 
 walls [about where the vSt. Charles hotel now stands,] and were repulsed 
 with a reported loss of eight killed and many wounded. 
 
 *Some accounts say this battle occurred on the i6ih, some say the 23d, some say the 28th of Septem- 
 bei'. Some say four Mexicans were killed, some say eight, and some say none. I acoounl for these dis- 
 crepancies tlius : Some narrators tell of the night assault on C.illcspie's barracks by the drunken mob 
 celebratiuK Mexican " Inpeiiendeiice Dav," Sept. 16, in wliich none were killed, and calle<l that "tlie 
 battle." Others tell of the ojien, dashing" as.sault made against the barracks on the 23d, which was re- 
 pulsed and llie four men killed. This was really " llir Inillle," anil the proper date, as llitlell has it. 
 'i'hi- oilier lour were killed on different days in the desultory figlUing that w.is kept \ip. but have been 
 lumped into one day's report. Then on the .^Sth the Mexicans had found their " Woman's C.un " and 
 were hauling it up onto I'ort Hill ; but John Marshall uuspiked one of the old Mexican cannon in (".il- 
 lespies barr.icks, and a crew of his nuMMlra^ged it quickly uj) the steep east lace of Kort Hill, got in 
 position and opened lire one minute ahead of the Mexicans, drove them ut], and " held the fort. " 
 And some call this " the bailie of I.os Angeles." 
 
DIVISION ONK — PRK-PASADHNIAN. T05 
 
 Evacuation of Los Angeles, September 30, by Lieut. Gillespie, and 
 retreat to ship at San Pedro. 
 
 Battle of Dominguez ranch, October 8, 1846. Americans under Capt. 
 Mervine and Lieut. Gillespie defeated, with six killed and seven wounded. 
 
 Riise de guerre at San Pedro, October 23. Commodore Stockton 
 landed 800 men and six cannon at San Pedro, to march on Los Angeles, l)ut 
 could not get any horses or beef cattle; and the Mexican Captain, Carrillo, 
 manoeuvered his 400 men, mostly raw ranchmen leading one or two extra 
 horses, so skillfully that Stockton was made to l)elieve there were over 
 2,000 Mexican troops in line to oppose his advance. So he re-embarked, 
 and sailed to San Diego. [He had to go there anyway to find safe harbor- 
 age for his ships at that time of year.] 
 
 Battle of San Pasqual, (an Indian village in San Diego county,) Decem- 
 ber 6, 1846. Gen, Kearny attacked Mexican troops, and was disastrously 
 defeated, with 18 killed, 19 wounded (three mortally), one missing, and one 
 cannon captured from him. 
 
 Battle of San Gabriel ford, January 8, 1847. Mexicans defeated. 
 
 Battle of Laguna ranch (called " The Mesa " in Stockton's and other 
 reports), January 9, 1848. Mexicans defeated. 
 
 Re-occupation of Los Angeles by Commodore Stockton, January 10, 1847, 
 and Mexican army encamped at South Pasadena. 
 
 Capitulation of Cahuenga, January 13, 1847. This practically ended 
 the Mexican war so far as California was concerned. 
 
 N 1 HE 
 
 Pasadena 
 Mountains 
 
Io6 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 DIVISION TWO -COLONIAL. 
 
 CHAPTI^R V. 
 
 Origin of Pasadkna — The "Indiana Colony" scheme, and its collapse. — D. M. 
 Berry "spies ont" Rancho vSan Pasqual. — Origin of the "San Gabriel Orange 
 Grove Association." — How its members chose their lots, and where — Success of 
 the colony. — Anniversary picnic. — First Citrus Fair. — First premiums won twice 
 at Los Angeles. — The Lake Vineyard Colony started. — Its lands and first settlers. 
 — The colony water ditch. 
 
 THE INDIANA COLONY. 
 
 Sometime in the winter of 1872-73, some friends were together one 
 Sunday at the home of Dr. T. B. EHiott, in Indianapolis, Ind. It had 
 been a severe winter, and as usual the rigors and hard.ships of the season 
 were among the topics of conversation. Mrs. Elliott remarked that the)'- 
 had better all emigrate to California, and said, " Pm going, anyzvay, if nobody 
 else does.'" This was taken as a joke at first ; h\\\. it seemed to siick like a 
 seed of burr clover, for it very soon thereafter became a matter of serious 
 consideration among those friends ; and by May they had matured a scheme 
 to form an association called the " California Colon}' of Indiana." The 
 first formal meeting in regard to the matter was held at the office of Berry & 
 Elliott in Indianapolis, there being present Dr. T. B. Elliott, D. M. Berry, 
 John H. Baker, J. M. Matthews, and Gen. Nathan Kimball. A circular 
 was issued, giving elaborate details of the plan, which was to send certain 
 pioneers to " .spy out the land," select a tract " well timbered, well watered, 
 and adapted to the culture of citrus fruits " — and which could be bought 
 for about $3 per acre. These pioneers were to go ahead and sow wheat, 
 1000 acres, plant hedge fences, start nurseries, plant vineyards, set out 
 orange groves and other fruits, provide irrigation facilities, etc., — all so 
 easily done 07i paper, and so hard to do on land. And where were the 
 funds to carry forward all this magnitude of rugged endeavor ? The circu- 
 lar makes answer thus : 
 
 " To create a fund to meet these expeiLses, assessments will be made on 
 each member, as follows : June i, 1873, $10 ; July i, 1873, $\o ; August 
 I. 1^73. $10; September i, 1873, $10 -total $40; and thereafter, on the 
 first day of each month an assessment of like amount, or if found necessary, 
 $12.50 per month will be made." 
 
 The circular was signed — 
 
 T. B. IvLMOTT, President. Calvin Fi.ktchfk, Genl. Agent. 
 
 J. M. Matthews, Secretary. John H. Baker. 
 
 Hon. J. H. Ruddell, Treasurer. D. M. Berkv. 
 
 In August, a committee consisting of Gen. Nathan Kimball, Berry, 
 Baker, and a surveyor named Albert Ruxton, were dispatched to California 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. IO7 
 
 to select and purchase land and start the colony work as laid out in the 
 printed circular. But soon thereafter came the great financial crisis and 
 panic of that year, which followed the failure of Jay Cooke, the Wall street 
 king of the hour, and his gigantic Northern Pacific Railroad scheme. 
 Partly owing to this money panic, and partly from its natural weakness as 
 a prompt cash resource, the financial plan of the colony enterprise proved a 
 sorry failure ; for D. M. Berry, its purchasing agent, reported in December 
 from lyOS Angeles to treasurer Ruddell at Indianapolis that he had only 
 $130.80 on hand. However, this Mr. Berry became the " connecting link " 
 between the extinct colony creation of Indianapolis and the living Pasadena 
 of today, which happened in this wise : 
 
 One day very early in November, 1873, Judge Eaton was in Los Ange- 
 les and happened to meet Mr. Berry. In the course of conversation Mr. 
 Berry stated his business in California ; and when asked by the Judge with 
 what success he had met, he replied in a comical but rather lugubrious tone: 
 " Well, I have worn my shoes out, and have worn my clothes out, and I 
 am about worn out myself ; but I have failed to find the desired ' ' well tim- 
 bered, well watered tract." Mr. Eaton then invited Berry to accompanj^ 
 him to his home on the San Pasqual ranch, out a few miles in the country. 
 Mr. Berry accepted, and was driven up the Arroyo to the Garfias mansion, 
 and on up to " Fair Oaks," now J. F. Crank's place, near Eaton Canyon. 
 The following morning when Mr. Berry got up he made the remark that he 
 felt fine, and had pas.sed the night in sound, unbroken slumber for the first 
 time in three years. He looked down over the beautiful valley and was 
 enchanted. He said, " this is the place I have been looking for." 
 
 Mr. Berry had opened an office under the name of Berry & Elliott, in 
 Eos Angeles, in a small adobe building on the southwest corner of land 
 where the Baker block now stands, on North Main street. After re^^urning 
 from his visit at Judge Eaton's, he and J. H. Baker and Calvin Fletcher, 
 being all that was then left of the " Indiana Colony," went to work trying 
 to get other eastern people in and about Eos Angeles to join them as colo- 
 nists and buy the San Pasqual lands. They succeeded so well that the first 
 formal meeting was held in Berry & Elliot's office Nov. 13, at which were 
 present in person or by legal representative — B. S. Eaton, T. F. Croft, D. M. 
 Berry, T. B. Elliott by proxy, P. M. Green, A. O. Porter, W. T. Clapp, 
 John H. Baker, A. O. Bristol, Jabez Banbury, H. G. Bennett, Calvin 
 Fletcher, E. J. Vawter, H. J. Holmes, J. M. Matthews, Nathan Kimball, 
 Jesse Yarnell, Mrs. C. A. Vawter, N. R. Gibson. And they then and there 
 voted to organize themselves into a corporate body called the "San Gabriel 
 Orange Grove Association," to exist ten years, and have a capital stock of 
 $25,000, divided into 100 shares of $250 each. 
 
 It took a month to get the articles of incorporation prepared, signed 
 and recorded in due and legal form, with certificate from the Secretary of 
 
I08 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 State, etc., and on December 13. 1873, the "San Gabriel Orange Grove As- 
 sociation " first breathed the breath of full legal existence. Its first Board 
 of Directors were B. S. Katon, A. O. Porter, D. M. Berry, Thomas F. 
 Croft, W. T. Clapp, A. O. Bristol, Calvin Fletcher : and they elected Katon 
 for president. Croft vice president, Clapp treasurer, Berrj' secretary. 
 
 In an article written by Hon. P. M. Green for the Farnsworth pamphlet 
 pul)lishcd in 1883, he says . 
 
 "The Association purchased in December, 1873, the interest of Dr. J. 
 S. Griffin in the San Pascjual Ranch, consisting of about 4,000 acres of land, 
 and their Civil Engineer, N. R. Gibson,* was directed, under the efficient 
 supervision of Calvin Fletcher, to subdivide 1,500 acres of the choicest part 
 of the land into tracts, varj'ing in size from fifteen to sixty acres, for distri- 
 bution among the stockholders. In this work ample provision was made 
 for parks, wide and convenient streets, and sites for school-houses and reser- 
 voirs. The plan for parks was subsequently abandoned on account of the 
 garden-like appearance which the entire place assumed. Active work was 
 also begun in carrying the water from its source near the mountains, by a 
 system of iron pipes, to each subdivision and to within a short distance of 
 every man's door. 
 
 "The work of the engineer in subdividing the lands having been com- 
 pleted, the stockholders met on the 27th day of January, 1874, and by 
 mutual agreement each made his selection of a tract proportionate to his in- 
 terest in the corporation and suited to his taste and judgment. And such 
 was the diversity of soil, location, and topography of the land that each of 
 the then twenty-seven stockholders was able to secure his own choice with- 
 out conflict with the choice of any other stockholder. The chief instrument 
 in bringing about this happy consummation was Calvin Fletcher, a resident 
 of Indiana, who was then temporarily residing in Los Angeles." 
 
 Mr. Fletcher gave his valuable services in the matter gratuitously, for 
 which the settlers were very thankful. He was himself the largest share- 
 holder, yet he voluntarily took his choice of land last, saying, " Any of it 
 is good enough for me!" and chose 180 acres in the vicinity of South Pasa- 
 dena ; and afterward purchased sixty acres more from the Ward Leavitt 
 place. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL COLONY FARMS. 
 
 From a careful inspection of Secretary Berry's records and the original 
 colony map preserved in the Pasadena L,. & W. Company's office, I have 
 compiled the following schedule of names, acres, and location of land .select- 
 ed by the several colonists on that memorable and historic day, January 27, 
 1874. One share equaled fifteen acres, and it had l)een agreed that the one- 
 share and two-share men might first take their choice out of all the lands. 
 
 J. H. Baker, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue, and Walnut 
 to Mary street -now known as the Mosher Tract. The Christian church 
 
 *Uoii. p. M C.reeii, A O. Uiistol and W. T. Clapp sers-ed as cliaiii men in this surveying work. 
 They were all living in l,os Angeles -Mr. Fletcher at the Pico house— ami Mr. Bristol's buckskin ponies 
 brought the party out every morning and back at night. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. IO9 
 
 and the lyUtheran church are on this selection. Baker's was the second 
 house built in the colon}-. 
 
 W. J. Barcus, fifteen acres. South Pasadena -West Columbia to Her- 
 mosa street, and Palm Avenue to Arroyo Drive. He resides there yet — 
 1895. 
 
 Alf. W. Dana, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue on south 
 side of Mary street — afterward the B. F. Ball home place, and on which Mr. 
 Ball built the first brick house ever erected in Pasadena. 
 
 Jkssk Yarnell, fifteen acres. Orange Grove Avenue and Kensington 
 street — now W. U. Masters's home place. 
 
 A. O. Bristol, thirty acres. Lincoln Avenue [Old P'air Oaks] and 
 Cypress Avenue, and from North Orange Grove Avenue down to Walnut 
 street. Mr. Bristol built the first house in Pasadena, 20x22, one-story, and 
 it stands there yet, near his present dwelling, at S. W. corner of North 
 Orange Grove and Lincoln Avenue. He had by general consent chosen his 
 lot several days previously and planned work on it, so that was really the 
 first choice announced. [This special favor was a ' ' thank you ' ' for his 
 buckskin ponies' services in the surveying work.] 
 
 I. N. MuNDELL, thirty acres. N. E. corner North Orange Grove and 
 Walnut street, where he resided till 1894, then moved to Orange county. 
 This was the second choice announced. 
 
 A. W. HuTTON, thirty acres. Each side of Arlington Drive from Or- 
 ange Grove to Fair Oaks Avenue. This was Judge Hutton of Los Angeles. 
 
 T. J. AND L. J. LoCKHART, thirty acres. Orange Grove Avenue and 
 Arlington Court down to Arroyo Drive. (Now the McGregory place.) 
 
 E. J. Vawter, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North of Reservoir Hill 
 and west of North Orange Grove Avenue down into the Arroyo. 
 
 T. E. Lippincott, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. From Walnut street 
 to North Orange Grove Avenue where the Terminal railroad now runs, and 
 also Pasadena and Winona Avenues running northwest. He also took an- 
 other lot north of North Orange Grove Avenue. 
 
 Ney vStrickland, sixty acres. West of Lincoln Avenue and north of 
 North Orange Grove Avenue — the Joseph Wallace place. Mr. Wallace 
 started here the first fruit canning enterprise in Pasadena, in 1881, and con- 
 tinues it yet. 
 
 Mrs. C. a. Vawter, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North side of 
 Colorado street from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue — afterward the Dr. 
 Carr place.* The P'irst National Bank, the Arcade building, the City Hall 
 [White's block], the Los Angeles House, the Terminal R. R. depot, etc., are 
 on this tract, 
 
 Elliott and Berry (Dr. T. B. Elliott, D. M. Berry), per D. M. 
 Berry, 180 acres. (Dr. Elliot had not arrived yet from Indianapolis.) From 
 
 *Mrs. Vawter sold forty-two acres to Mrs. Jeaiinie C. Carr, February 14, 1877. 
 
XIO HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo Drive, and from Colorado street south to Ele- 
 vado Drive. 
 
 Coiv. J. Banbury, sixty acres. From Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo 
 Drive, and from Elevado to Waverly Drive. He built the third house in 
 the settlement — the one where Mrs. I. M. Hill now resides, on Orange 
 Grove Avenue — 1894. 
 
 N. R. Gibson, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Wav- 
 erly to Palmetto street. (The James Smith tract.) 
 
 Thomas F. Croft, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from 
 Palmetto to California street. The first plow that ever turned a sod in Pasa- 
 dena was run by Mr. Croft on his land, along where the ist Congregational 
 church and Rev. D. D. Hill's residence now stand — 1894. The Garfield 
 school is also on the Croft farm. 
 
 W. T. Clapp, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Cali- 
 fornia to Congress street. The first colony school house and the first church 
 (Presbyterian) were erected on this body of land. 
 
 H. J. Holmes, per W. T. Clapp, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Ar- 
 royo, on each .side of Bradford street and Markham street. Gov. Mark- 
 ham's residence, fronting east on Pasadena Avenue, is on this selection. 
 
 Henry G. Bennett, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo on each 
 side of Bellefontaine street. The Catholic church now stands on this land. 
 
 J. M. Matthews, per Thos. F. Croft, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to 
 Arroyo Drive, next south of Mr. Bennett's choice. On this farm are now 
 located the fine residences of E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, and Mrs. 
 Col. Baker. 
 
 B. vS. Eaton, 60 acres. His present home place named " Hillcrest," 
 on the south Pasadena bluff; also from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue, 
 and on down the west bluff, next north of the Porter & Green selection 
 which lay along the north side of Columbia street. " Grace Hill " is on 
 Judge Eaton's selection. 
 
 Porter & Green, 120 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo Drive on 
 north .side of Columbia street ; and also on .south side of same street to 
 Sylvan Drive — Columbia Hill being then reserved for school, church and 
 reservoir sites. 
 
 Ward Leavitt, per D. M. Berry, 60 acres. vSouth Pasadena. 
 
 Calvin Fletcher, 180 acres. South Pasadena. ii2*'2 acres of his 
 lands are marked "'Mayhew " on the original colony map. 
 
 The colony map was prepared by N. R. Gil).son, engineer, and was 
 23x52 inches in size. A photograph copy of it was made for record, and 
 was recorded June 25, 1874, in Book 2, pages 556 to 559 of Miscellaneous 
 Records of Los Angeles county. J. W. Gillette, county recorder. 
 
 The amount of land l)OUght was 3,933X^ acres, for $25,000. Aliout 
 1,400 acres which lay detached, up toward the mountains, was donated to 
 
DIVISION TWO COLONIAL. Ill 
 
 the colony by B. D. Wilson. This was sold oif in parcels ; and finally the 
 last 900 acres of it (without water) was sold in 1882 to Woodbury Brothers 
 from Marshalltown, Iowa, for $5 per acre. It is now known as Altadena. 
 1800 acres of the water-rights land were .subdivided ; and 800 acres were 
 Arroyo and hill lands, including reserved water-bearing lands^ reservoir 
 sites, etc. 
 
 The name Pasadena was officially adopted April 22, 1875. See full 
 account of it in chapter 18. 
 
 Mrs. Jeannie C. Carr in her contribution to the Lewis " History of Los 
 Angeles County," published in 1889, speaking of the first apportionment of 
 the colony lands, says : 
 
 " Nearly all had a choice .spot in view, and it was an anxious moment 
 when, the lovely landscape at their feet, and the maps outspread, the Ijid- 
 ding was about to begin. Mr. Fletcher moved that the owners of a single 
 share be first invited to -make their selections. And such was the diversity 
 of soil, location and topography that each of the twenty-seven stockholders 
 secured his chosen homestead, without interfering with that of his neigh- 
 bor. * * It was a singular fact that there was not a professional and 
 hardly a practical horticulturist or farmer among them ; but the spell of the 
 neighboring orchards and vineyards soon transformed them into enthusiastic 
 culturists of the orange and the vine. The worn-out physician found the 
 fountain of youth in the pure California sunshine, which turned his grapes 
 into delicious raisins. In the first nine years of the history of the settle- 
 ment, not a single criminal prosecution occurred among a population of a 
 thousand souls, and quarrels were unknown. Lawyers issued writs of 
 ejectment to gophers and burrowing squirrels, of which there was no lack." 
 
 FIRST RKUNION PIC-NIC OF THE COLONY. 
 
 On their .second anniversary, January 27, 1876, the colonists held a 
 general reunion pic-nic in what they called Live Oak Park — now the Lin- 
 coln Park portion of South Pasadena. The entire population was there — 
 men, women and children. Among the guests of the occasion was the ven- 
 erable C. P". Clarkson, a pioneer agricultural editor and publisher of Iowa, 
 and father of J. S. Clarkson, editor of the loiva State Register, the leading 
 republican paper of the state, who afterward became famous as chairman of 
 the Republican National Committee, and P^'irst Assistant Postmaster-General 
 in President Harri.son's administration [1889]. Father Clarkson paid a 
 glowing tribute to the location, and complimented in the highest terms the 
 wisdom and foresight of those who had selected the situation for the settle- 
 ment, and had laid so broad and deep the foundations of its success ; and he 
 predicted in eloquent words the bright and prosperous future before it, such 
 as the most sanguine of its projectors had not conceived of. Mr. Clarkson 
 and his wife spent the winter here and at Los Angeles ; and with Col. Ban- 
 bury and other friends they made a trip up Eaton canyon to the Falls, 
 which was a notable event at the time, for Mrs. Clarkson was a woman of 
 such large and fleshy proportions, that it was only with extreme difficulty, 
 
112 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 patience, perseverance, and frequent assistance that she was able to accom- 
 plish the canyon trij). Father Clarkson then and for many years until his 
 death, edited the Agricultural Department of the Iowa Slate Register ; and 
 he wrote rapturously of Pasadena and all this region of country even to the 
 year of his death, thus making himself its chief apostle and missionary 
 throughout Iowa — a circumstance which accounts for so many Iowa people 
 coming here. 
 
 Another guest and speaker on that anniversary occasion was Col. John 
 F. Godfrey of lyos Angeles, after whom the John F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R., 
 and Woman's Relief Corps of Pasadena were named. Calvin Fletcher, Dr. 
 T. B. Elliott, and other colony members also made appropriate speeches. 
 
 FIRST CITRUS FAIR. 
 
 The next important stage in the evolution of the colony, as to its ma- 
 terial interests and its guerdon of stability, was when its orchards and vine- 
 yards began to yield their fruit. And here I quote again from Hon. P, M. 
 Green's well written sketch. Mr. Green says : 
 
 "The year 1880 being the first in which the orchards and vineyards 
 began to be productive, the society decided to hold its first Citrus Fair, at 
 which the products of the locality might be placed on exhibition. March 
 24 was the date fixed for the Fair, and when the time came the display of 
 fruits of all kinds was greatly in excess of the most sanguine expectations. 
 The exhibition was a grand success, and a surprise to all in attendance. 
 The public prints of the da}^ all the Los Angeles newspapers being repre- 
 sented at the Fair abounded in praises of the exhibition, and of theenerg}^ 
 and enterprise of its projectors. 
 
 "The success of the society at its local exhibition encouraged it to 
 make another display of the products of the place at the Citrus Fair held 
 under the auspices of the vSouthern California Horticultural Societj^ at the 
 city of Los Angeles, in March, 1881. This was intended as an exhibition 
 strictly of the citrus products of every part of the State where citrus fruits 
 can be produced, and every section was represented. The exhibition of 
 Pasadena at this Fair was grand and imposing. A huge pyramid of oranges, 
 lemons, and limes was erected, which attracted marked attention, and was 
 the admiration of the thousands in attendance. The exhibit was awarded 
 the first premium over all competitors^ and bore off in triumph the blue 
 ribbon and the one hundred dollars awarded to it as the largest and best 
 exhibit of the kind ever made in the State. 
 
 ' ' At the regular Annual Fair of the Southern California Horticultural 
 Society, held in the fall of 1881, at which a general exhibit of all the fruits 
 produced in California was made, the Pasadena exhibit again took the first 
 premium. Thus, at two successive P'airs [in Los Angeles] Pasadena was 
 able to carry off the first premium for the (juality and display of its fruits, 
 against the competition of the very best fruit-growing districts of the Slate." 
 
 THK LAKE VINEYARD COLONY TRACT. 
 
 The foregoing account has followed apparently the founding and pro- 
 gress of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association only, whose territory 
 was bounded on the east by P'air Oaks Avenue. But another colony sub- 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II3 
 
 division of lands was made by Hon. B. D. Wilson in 1876, because by that 
 time the Orange Grove Association had only two or three small lots left for 
 sale, so rapidly had its lands been taken up and improved. This new 
 colony tract comprised about 2,500 acres of land, eastward, with Fair Oaks 
 Avenue as the line of separation from the original plat ; and it was named 
 the " Ivake Vineyard Land and Water Company," from the name of Mr. 
 Wilson's home place, he being himselt the "Company," with his son-in- 
 law, J. DeBarth Shorb, as general manager. Wilson and Griffin had sold 
 the Grogan tract in 1868, and Wilson now repurchased a portion of it for 
 his new colony scheme, so that the plat extended eastward a few rods beyond 
 Wilson Avenue to what is now Bandini Avenue. This colony tract was laid 
 out in five and ten acre lots, and water to be piped to each lot from a reser- 
 voir at the end of the original " Wilson Ditch " before described as made by 
 Judge Eaton in 1867, for Wilson and Griffin. 
 
 Thomas Banbury was here from Canada without his family. He was 
 working for B. D. Wilson on the San Pasqual ranch, and knew of his plan 
 for making a new subdivision of colony lands, so he bargained for a ten 
 acre lot and staked it off himself before any survey had been made. This 
 was in December, 1875. Mr. Banbury planted a patch of potatoes on his 
 lot, just about where the Pasadena Manufacturing Co. 's big planing mill is 
 now located, and on December 27 started back east to bring his family. His 
 was the first lot ever taken in the Lake Vineyard Colony tract. On his 
 return he took three more ten-acre lots, making a 40-acre block extending 
 from .Fair Oaks Avenue to Marengo Avenue. In 1877 he sold the south 20 
 acres of his land to W O. Swan, Sr., which was the first sale from the Lake 
 Vineyard Tract made to second parties. Glendale street now runs through 
 this 20, and the Santa Fe freight depot stands upon it. 
 
 These new colony lands, with water, were held at $75 per acre, in small 
 lots, in 1876. But L. D. Hollingsworth, just arrived from Iowa, sought 
 better terms, on condition that he would induce a number of Iowa families 
 to come and settle here and so give the newly opened lands a good start for 
 settlement and sale. Upon this, Mr. Wilson agreed that if he and his 
 friends would take one hundred acres at once they might have it at $55 per 
 acre. Then Mr. Hollingsworth made up a syndicate of buyers, as follows : 
 
 L. D. Hollingsworth [in the family] - - - 50 acres. 
 
 Charles Legge - - - - - - - 20 '" 
 
 Solomon Dunton (by his son-in-law. Col. J. Banbury) 10 " 
 Col. Jabez Banbury - - - - - - 5 " 
 
 S. Washburn - - - - - - - 5 " 
 
 This made 90 acres [the other ten being guaranteed], and was the 
 original purchase and start for the new colony except T. Banbury's lot. 
 But Mr. Hollingsworth had obtained a special concession that any of his 
 Iowa friends who should come here to settle within a year should have land 
 
 8 
 
114 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 at the same price. This concession, however, was afterward exterided to 
 others, and under it lands were bought the same year at the same price by 
 David Townsend, 30 acres ; John Lowe, 20 acres ; A. Ninde, 20 acres ; 
 P. G. Wooster, 10 acres. 
 
 Thomas Banbury gives a Httle different version of the matter from the 
 Hollingsworth people. He says the low price of the lands sold in 1876 was 
 conditioned on their "making up a pot," as Mr. Wilson expressed it. of 
 200 acres; and that the total sales that year, including his first 10 taken in 
 December, 1875, amounted to 210 acres — so Mr. Wilson was satisfied, as the 
 ' ' full pot " had been made up. 
 
 These purchases, and the occupancy and improvements which went 
 forward in rapid succession, had now given the "east side colony" as it 
 was called, a good start ; and the price of Company lands, with water, was 
 thereafter held at $75, $80 and $100 per acre. 
 
 The work of getting a water supply down to these lots now had to be 
 pushed as rapidly as possible. The original ditch was enlarged and extended 
 down to Reservoir No. i, and finally cemented from Devil's Gate to the 
 reservoir. Of course all this took time ; and for several months the ' ' east- 
 siders " had no water supply but what flowed in a plow-furrow ditch from 
 the reservoir site down through the body of land they had chosen. Then 
 the gophers would often push fresh loose dirt into the stream and muddy it, 
 or make their holes where the water would all run into them and disappear, 
 leaving none for the new comers above ground ; and occasionally hogs were 
 found wallowing in the ditch where it crossed the old ranch lands up near 
 the Arroyo. These were some of the tribulations of pioneer life in Pasadena. 
 It was the daily business of the settlers to go with their canteens, buckets, 
 barrels, tubs, etc., to the ditch and secure a supply of water for the day, or 
 longer. Dr. Allen tells that, having no hor.se, he had to roll his water 
 barrel back and forth by hand, a distance of half a mile from house to ditch. 
 
 The construction and cementing of the permanent main ditch was done 
 by Thomas Banbury under contract, superintended by Hon. J. De Barth 
 Shorb, who relates with much satisfaction that two distinguished U. S. army 
 engineers, Gen. B. S. Alexander and Col. Geo. H. Mendel, estimated that it 
 would cost at least $5 per running foot, but he built it at a cost a little under 
 $2.75 per running foot. The cement or lime for this job was dug out of the 
 hillside at lyincoln Park by Thomas Banbury, and burned there, where the 
 Mission Fathers had done the same thing asearly as 1780 81. In construct- 
 ing this cement ditch there was a certain point where a pike or causeway 
 had to be made some distance across a depression in the land. Mr. Shorb 
 and his engineer, named E. T. Wright, had .set the stakes for this fill, and 
 A. O. Bristol had charge of a gang of Chinamen doing the grade work. 
 One day John W. Wilson reported to his uncle B. I), Wilson down at his 
 Lake Vineyard home, that there was .something not right about that ditch 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II 5 
 
 work. The old man called Mr. Shorb in from the winery above the house 
 for some explanation, and they took the buggy and drove in haste up to 
 where the work was going on. Seeing the bungle of it at once, the old man 
 was deeply vexed, and reproached Bristol for making such a blunder. 
 Bristol very calmly replied that he was following the stakes just as they had 
 been set and marked by the engineer. Mr. Shorb thought this could not be 
 so. Mr. Bristol replied, " Well, here are the stakes ; I have saved them 
 from being covered up or broken ; You can see for yourselves." Mr. Wilson 
 looked at them sharply a few seconds and then burst out — " Well, I never 
 did depend on any of these scientific fellozvs but what I got fooled. Here, 
 Bristol, bring your old crooked level-stick and make this thing right." 
 
 And Bristol with his "old crooked level-stick" made the line right. 
 The trouble with the engineer was that he had drank wine freely and it made 
 him see crooked. 
 
 The first house on the Lake Vineyard side was a rough board cottage 
 built by ly. D. Hollingsworth, on one of his lo acre lots, early in 1876. 
 It was afterward improved and a neat front added — and it still stands in the 
 same place, being the third house on west side of Marengo Avenue south of 
 Kansas street. 
 
 The lots selected by the original Holling.sworth syndicate have all be- 
 come points of historic interest. Mr. Legge chose his twenty acres on the 
 south side of Walnut street from Fair Oaks to Marengo Avenues ; and on it 
 are located the Baptist church, the Crown Villa Hotel, the Public Library, 
 and his home place where he still resides. 
 
 Col. Banbury selected for his father-in-law, Rev. S. Dunton, the ten 
 acres on north side of Walnut street and east of Fair Oaks. During the 
 "boom " days (1885 to 1888), Chestnut street and Raymond Avenue were 
 opened through it ; and the Universalist church, besides the East Hall and 
 West Hall of Throop Polytechnic Institute are now located on the original 
 Dunton purchase. 
 
 Mr. Hollingsworth 's son, Henry, had chosen ten acres south of Wal- 
 nut and east of Marengo (which was included in his father's fifty), and 
 the Wilson High School and Lincoln School are both now on this land. 
 
 L. D. Hollingsworth took three lo-acre lots on north side of Colorado 
 street, from Fair Oaks Avenue eastward, which reached a little beyond 
 Worcester Avenue, and built his own home on the east lot, just about where 
 the Presbyterian church now stands. He also proposed to put up a build- 
 ing, and open a store and get a postoffice located in it, at the corner of 
 Colorado street and Marengo Avenue, because he thought that elevated site 
 would be the finest point for the colony village or business center. But the 
 " west siders," as the Orange Grove people were then called, pulled .so hard 
 for a location at least on the street line between the two settlements that he 
 yielded the point, and built his store near the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 and Colorado street, where McDonald, Brooks & Co.'s real estate office now 
 stands. Then J. H. Baker moved his original colony blacksmith shop from 
 Walnut street, west of where Rev. W. C. Mosher now resides, down to a 
 location just east of the new store. A man named Watson started a 
 meat market just north of the store. O. R. Dougherty started a shoe shop. 
 And thus the trading center became established. Then, in August, 1876, 
 Mr. Wilson donated five acres on the south side of Colorado, eastward from 
 Fair Oaks Avenue to where the Santa Fe railroad now runs, to the colony 
 for school purposes. [See Chapter 9, "Annals of the Schools."] The 
 district voted a tax to erect a school-house there, large enough to accommo- 
 date 200 pupils. And this was the final nail which clinched the town cen- 
 ter, and fastened it so firmly that half-a-dozen or more strong efforts to 
 change it since, in the interest of some speculative scheme, have proved 
 disastrous and memorable failures. 
 
 The five acres chosen by Col. Banbury for himself was that where the 
 M. E. church and parsonage and " The Tabernacle " now stand. And the 
 five chosen by S. Washburn was on the opposite side of Marengo Avenue, 
 the Brockway block being the only important building on it as yet, 1895. 
 
 The ten acres which P. G. Wooster bought about the same time, but 
 not in the syndicate, comprised the ground now occupied by the Santa Fe R. 
 R. depot, the Hotel Green, the Post Office or Morgan block, and the 
 Wooster block. The Townsend, T^owe and Ninde purchases of that year 
 were farther out in different directions and have not won any special historic 
 prominence, up to 1895. 
 
 CHAPTP:R VI. 
 
 Old Srtti.rr Experiences. — Kleven personal narratives of first experiences in Pasa- 
 dena, in response to <|uestions sent out. — Who the " (^Id vSetllers " were, and where 
 they were from. 
 
 OLD SETTLER EXPERIENCES. 
 
 Old Settlers' Association. — About 1882 83 two or three informal 
 meetings were held to talk up the matter of organizing an Old vSettlers' As- 
 .sociation ; and A. O. Porter served as chairman. [Mr. Porter died January 
 17, 1888.] But the same difficulty that occurs in all such cases came up 
 here also — that of agreeing upon a time limit for determining who should 
 be reckoned as "old settlers " and who should not. No agreement was 
 reached, and the whole matter gradually dropped out ; so that no such or- 
 ganization was ever really effected, although I found some who thought 
 there had been. It is true that at the.se " talks" on the matter a prelim- 
 inary list was made up to .see who were here and when they came, etc., but 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II7 
 
 that was all ; and Rev. Farusworth used it in making up the Pasadena 
 Directory part of his book, a "Southern California Paradise," published in 
 1883. 
 
 On commencing the preparation of this Histor3^ of Pasadena, I gave 
 out by mail or personal delivery to about 130 different persons a blank pre- 
 pared for noting down such items of their first experiences here as might 
 form an interesting little historical sketch. Only eleven of them ever took 
 the trouble to fill out the blanks and return them to me ; and to these eleven 
 I devote this chapter, taking the names in alphabetical order. 
 
 HENRY G. BRNNRTT. 
 
 Came from Ann Arbor, Michigan, by way of Union Pacific and Central 
 Pacific Railroads to San Francisco, thence by boat to San Pedro, and reached 
 I^os Angeles October 23, 1873. Settled in Pasadena in February, 1874. Built 
 a two- room cottage on west side of Orange Grove Avenue, where Bellefontaine 
 Avenue now runs westward, and this pioneer house is still in use at the west 
 end of that street. It was the fourth house built in the colony. Building 
 material, fuel and provisions all had to be brought up from Los Angeles. 
 My first crop was barley ; then wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruits. 1876- 
 77 were dry or drouth years ; wheat and barley grew only one foot high ; 
 yet during the following summer we had fruit of finest quality. [It is 
 curious to note that the first four houses built in the colony were by B-men : 
 i-Bristol ; 2-Baker ; 3-C0I. Banbury ; 4-Bennett. — Ed.] 
 
 D. M. BRRRY. 
 
 In Chapter 5 will be found a full account of Mr. Berry's first visit to 
 Rancho San Pasqual, and the part he bore in deciding the colony settlement 
 here. Mr. Berry died at San Fernando, December 22, 1887. His daugh- 
 ter, Mrs. Jessie Berry Waite, resides there ; and in a letter of September 16, 
 1874, she says of her father : " He selected the location [Pasadena] from 
 the garden spots of Southern California. He was at first much pleased 
 with vSanta Barbara, but let its sleepy beauty go by, feeling assured that 
 there would be greater things yet in store for Pasadena, with her large val- 
 ley and fine climate." 
 
 Mrs. Waite loaned me a scrap book which she had made when a little 
 girl at their old home in Indianapolis ; and in it I found the following ac- 
 count of our new colony, written by Mr. Berrj^ from Los Angeles, May 30, 
 1874, to the Indianapolis Daily Journal : 
 
 " In this valley of beauty the cabin of the writer had been built, and a 
 gallant hunter from Indianapolis, with another from Chicago, started in the 
 morning for the valley to gather venison, rabbit and quail, to inaugurate the 
 ranch house with a sumptuous feast, while the 'Secretary ' himself was to 
 arrive at sunset to join in the opening feast. But — 
 
 " ' In vain ! alas ! in vain, ye gallent few ! 
 From rank to rank your volleyed thunder flew." 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 " It is sad to say, the game flew too, and at the sunset hour when the 
 hopeful party gathered for the feast, the disconsolate hunters unpacked their 
 stores, consisting of one ancient owl. Finding nothing in Nordhoff, Black- 
 stone or Euclid, by which we could adapt the bird of wisdom to our necessi- 
 ties, it was left to the culinary skill of the coyotes, and all tried their skill at 
 cooking on an alcohol fire. The bill of fare was brief and the cooking sus- 
 ceptible of criticism. 
 
 "Owing to a disappearance of the carpenter, the roof of the house had 
 been omitted, so the building was well ventilated, and there was no necessity 
 of putting in a sky-light. But as the season of rain was suppo.sed to be 
 gone on a summer vacation along the Mississippi, no inconvenience was an- 
 ticipated from the absence of a roof. The first attempt at sleeping was in- 
 terrupted by a company of owls that perched on the rafters, to hiss their 
 indignation at the .sleepy sinners 1)eneath, for shooting their venerable com- 
 rade. The .shooters devoutly wished the defunct bird re-animated and back 
 in the canyon with all his noisy tribe. On the third night, during the most 
 slumberous hours, a heavy rainstorm put in an unexpected appearance. The 
 agility and zeal displayed in improvising a shelter in midnight darkness was 
 worthy of a good cau.se. It was then discovered that even .so trifling a thing 
 as a roof to a hou.se was not to be despised at all times. As soon as the 
 spring rains were apparently passed, the carpenter appeared and the roof was 
 put on, to lie in idleness during all the summer time. 
 
 " In the few weeks since the Hoosiers took possession of their lands 
 great activity has prevailed. Three miles of flume and ditch have been 
 made; three miles of large iron pipe made, laid, and covered below the 
 depth of a plow ; a reservoir with the capacity of three million gallons has 
 been constructed on the highest land of the settlement, and the water has 
 been let in. An occasional mountain brook trout takes an unexpected trip 
 through three miles of darkness, and is hurried into the reservoir at the 
 speed of a railway train. Eighty acres of grain have been raised for hay, 
 100,000 grape cuttings have !)een planted, and a large (piantity of orange 
 and lime seed ; about ten thousand small trees for nursery planting have 
 been purchased ; and a large area of land prepared for corn and semi-tropical 
 fruits. 
 
 "Potatoes and other garden products, planted in February and March, 
 are now yielding a good return without irrigation. Our company has been 
 recently re-enforced by Major Erie Locke, who is actively at work as a 
 ranchero, and seems to enjoy the l)usiness as a pleasure. Tree planting will 
 be commenced in a few days." 
 
 In a letter published in the Los Angeles Herald, Nov. , 1874, Mr. 
 
 Berry again wrote : 
 
 " Major lirie Eocke has just completed his residence at San Pasqual, 
 (Orange Grove Association) and gave a house warming last night to cele- 
 brate the event. '•' * Within the i>ast month Dr. Conger of Salt 
 Eake, Mr. Cooley of Marysville, Mr. Weldon of Truckee, and Muudell of 
 Eos Angeles, have built comfortable residences, and Messrs. Porter and 
 Green are preparing to build. Messrs. Berry, lilliott and Conger have con- 
 .structed private reservoirs to hold from 75,000 to 100,000 gallons, and 
 Messrs. Berry, Eocke, Banbury, and liennett have planted out a considerable 
 nujn])cr of orange, lemon and lime trees." 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II9 
 
 When the opening of the S. G. V. railroad to Pasadena occurred, Sep- 
 tember 16, 1885, Mr. Berry was city editor of the Los Angeles Daily Herald, 
 and of course came out to report the great historic event. And from an in- 
 terview with him the Pasadena Union gave a graphic account of his first ex- 
 periences in the colony, which I here condense : 
 
 "As soon as the colony was started I hired a man to go out from Los 
 Angeles and build rae a little house. He got the walls up, floor laid, etc., 
 but no roof, then he got dry, and went to Los Angeles and got drunk — and 
 forgot to come back and get my roof on. Meanwhile I came out, supposing 
 my house was all ready for me, but found it roofless and no carpenter at 
 work. I rolled in my blankets, lay down on some shavings, and dreamed 
 that I slept. Before morning there was a pouring rain and I was soaked to 
 the marrow. It seemed as if my house would become the first reservoir of 
 the colony, from the amount of wetness that filled up around me." 
 
 I. B. CLAPP. 
 
 I arrived here in September, 1876, by railroad to San Francisco, and 
 boat thence to San Pedro. Came from Hartford, Conn. The first of the colony 
 men I met was Dr. T. B. Elliott, who brought me out from Los Ang'eles. My 
 first lodging was on top of a pine box, softened a little with some hay borrow- 
 ed from a neighbor's stack. I bought a 23-acre lot and built on it the first 
 two-story plastered house that had a solid concrete foiuidation in Pasadena. 
 It was located on Orange Grove Avenue south of California street — ^now 
 owned by James North. Building stone and fuel we hauled up from our 
 Arroyo lot ; but lumber, provisions, hardware, etc., had to be procured from 
 Los Angeles. The eatable wild game was deer, ducks, rabbits, and quail ; 
 and for want of turkeys or chickens, we made our Thanksgiving dinner of 
 rabbits that year. There was no rain until January, 1877, and my house- 
 hold goods had lain out doors until then. The first crops we raised were 
 corn, wheat and barley. A year or two after we built our house a rattle- 
 snake attempted to crawl in at the back door ; but we captured him, and 
 found that he was an older settler than we were, for he had seven rattles 
 and a button. None have been seen thereabouts, howev^er, for many years. 
 
 DR. O. H. CONGER. 
 
 Mrs. Conger writes : "We arrived here August 24, 1874, by steamer 
 from San Francisco. We had lived two years in Salt Lake City, but form- 
 erly in New York City. The first colony people we met were Judge Eaton 
 and D. M. Berry ; and we first lodged in Mr. Berry's board shant}^ on 
 Orange Grove Avenue. Fuel was hauled from the mountains [canyons]; 
 but provisions, building material, laundry work and mail, were procured 
 from Los Angeles. Our first house was on the site of our present home, 
 and consisted of one long room built of matched redwood boards, with a 
 sash door in each end ; and we moved into it on September 28, 1874. The 
 first crops we rai.sed were potatoes, white beans, lettuce and onions. The 
 
I20 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 following June we set out 300 two-year-old orange trees west of the house. 
 A few months later grasshoppers came. We bought a lot of muslin and 
 Doctor and I covered every tree and saved them. Our thirty acres were all 
 set to oranges, grapes, and a full variety of deciduous fruits. Our first 
 raisins were cured by hanging the large bunches of grapes on nails driven 
 along the south side of the house and covering them with mosquito netting. 
 Our daughter, Lulu N. Conger, born August 4, 1875, was the second child 
 born in Pasadena — the first one being a daughter of the Wentworth family 
 then living on the Joseph Wallace place. Mr. Wentworth went back east 
 soon after the grasshopper raid, saying he was tired of wearing old clothes 
 with no money in his pocket. He had formerly been a railroad conductor. 
 
 JUDGE EATON'S NARRATIVE. 
 
 I arrived in California in August, 1850, coming across the plains on 
 horseback, with ox teams to haul our provisions. Came to Los Angeles in 
 the autumn of 1851, by sea, on a little tug boat called the " Ohio," from San 
 Francisco.* It took four days to steam down the coast. Came onto the 
 San PasqUal ranch, the present site of Pasadena, in December, 1858. [A 
 part of this narrative, pertaining to his temporary occupancy of the old 
 Garfias adobe ranch house, from December, 1858, till July, 1859, is embodied 
 in Chapter IV., Division i, which see. He left the ranch in 1859, and did 
 not return to it until February, 1865. ~Ed.] 
 
 I must here recur to a little history foreign to myself personally, as it 
 involves the incipient steps toward turning this ranch from a stock range 
 into the thriving, beautiful city that it now is. 
 
 After the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston [Confederate Gen- 
 eral], his widow determined to remain here ; and her brother Dr. Griflin re- 
 quested her to visit San Pasqual ranch and select a spot for her future home. 
 She fixed upon the .spot now known as " Fair Oaks " — the propert)^ of J. F. 
 Crank [1894]. Accordingly a square mile of the ranch, including that 
 spot, was segregated and a partition made of the lands (for in the meantime 
 B. D. Wilson had become the owner of an undivided one-half interest ),t Mrs. 
 Johnston thereby becoming the owner of the Fair Oaks property, and B. I). 
 Wilson owner of what is now tlie Allen estate. Mrs. Johnston immediately 
 built a comfortable but unpretentious cottage for her home. This was the 
 second house built on the ranch.]; She first occupied it with her family 
 about Christmas, 1862. The following May the lo.ss of her oldest son, 
 Albert, j5 a young man of splendid promise, destroyed her plans, and in a 
 
 *In 1851 there was seemingly some danger of a general revolt of Mexicans against American rvile, 
 and a company of volunteer troops was formed, under Oen J. H. Bean. B. S. Eaton was one of the cor- 
 porals in this company.— [.SVtf Centennial Histoi y of f.os Angeles County.} 
 
 til was in 1S58 that Dr. (Inffin liad loaned Oarfias $S, 000, but this transaction did not appear of 
 record ; hence Carfias's first deed of the entire ranch was made to B. D. Wilson, Jan. 15, 1S59, as shown 
 in my sketch ot the ' Chain of Title." on page 74. But just when and how Wilson and Griffin arranged 
 their undivided joint ownership I failed to find. En. 
 
 {This is a mistake. The Jose Perez adobe house on south slo])e of Raymond hill was built in 1S39. 
 Dona Kncarnacion Abila built an adobe house for Catnacho, her ninjor domo, in 1.S14. near the Oarfins 
 spring. Carlos Ilanawald and John Pine, the gold hunters, built their adobe ca'iin at foot of Hanaford's 
 bluff, in iSso-'ii. Garfias built his great adobe ranch house in 185^. Mrs. Johnston's house came jiext, in 
 1862. 
 
 (ill) the explosion of the liltle steamer, .'\da Hancock, April 2q, 18O3, near WilniingtO!i, among 
 many lost were, of our merchants, Wni. T. B. Sanfonl, Dr. Ilenrv K. Miles, I.oeb Schlcssingtr; with 
 Capt. Tlionias Workman, the younfj Ai.up'KT Siunhv J(>llNsrt)N,son iif(iencrnl Albert Sidney jolinston. 
 Miss Medora Hereford, sister-in-law of lion B D WiUoii, died soon after of injuries irceiv il in this 
 deplorable calamity. — Centennial Hut. Lrn- Angeles County, p. i,y. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 121 
 
 few weeks she left the ranch never to return. [Note. — Mrs. Johnston's 
 husbaijd was killed in the battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg I^anding in April, 
 1862. Her brother Dr. Griffin's wife was sister to Judge Eaton's first wife ; 
 and her son, Hancock M. Johnston, married Judge Katon's daughter Mary. 
 When Mrs. Johnston sold the Fair Oaks ranch and gave a deed of it, she 
 made special reservation of the space occupied by the grave of her son, 
 Albert Sidney Johnston, who had been buried there. — Kd.] 
 
 About two years after she left I entered into a contract (1865) to bring 
 the waters of Eaton Canyon out, and moved with my family into the 
 Johnston house. The terrible drouth of 1864 65 had swept away my stock 
 and I turned my attention to agricultural pursuits. Cleaning off the sage- 
 brush and cactus, I planted 5,000 grape vines as an experiment — for no one 
 in Southern California had ever tried to carry a vineyard through the sum- 
 mer without flooding it with water from three to five times, and I knew 
 from the small supply of water that I had I could not give my vines a drop. 
 In fact, for the first two years of my residence there, I had to haul all mj^ 
 watet for stock and domestic use from Wilson's and Rose's, a distance of 
 three miles and a half. When the Savans and older inhabitants heard of 
 my reckless undertaking, they unanimously voted me a leather medal for 
 being the greatest fool that ever struck this country. But my vines did so 
 well that the year following I planted 30,000 more, and in two years (it had 
 always taken four years before this) produced a wine that made old manu- 
 facturers open their eyes, for it brought prices that they had never before 
 heard of. 
 
 During these first years my greatest anxiety was where the next sack 
 of flour was coming from to feed the hearty kids that were constantly put- 
 ting in an appearance in the family circle. 
 
 The ranch abounded in jack -rabbits, cotton-tails, quail, and some deer. 
 Of wild fruits there were none except a few cherries that grew on a brilliant 
 green shrub near the base of the mountains. This production hardly de- 
 serv^ed the name of fruit, as it consisted principally of a pit about the size of 
 a cherr3% with a very Hght veneering of flesh. [See foot-note, p. 23.] 
 
 Bears were frequent visitors in early days ; not grizzlys, perhaps, but 
 the brown bear, very much like them but not so large. One of these 
 "varmints " had the audacity to enter Mrs. Johnston's door yard in the day- 
 time, tip over a bee-hive and help himself to honey. He was discovered by 
 Sid Johnston, then a lad of seventeen, who in the absence of fire arms, drove 
 him off with rocks, at the same time denouncing him as a "dog-gon thief." 
 The first visit I received from the gentry was in the spring of 1865, when a 
 big fellow whose tracks measured eleven inches, came within fifty yards of 
 the house in the night, and slaughtered a calf. Being disturbed by my 
 dogs and men before he had finished his feast he beat a retreat. I tracked 
 him into Rubio Canyon, where I set a big trap, hanging a part of the calf 
 on a tree above. He sprung the trap, but escaped only to find his death by 
 eating another piece of the slaughtered calf, which I had loaded with strych- 
 nine. The following summer I was engaged most of the time building a 
 dam up in the canyon. In going up mornings I frequently saw the tracks 
 of a large California Lion, or puma, and on one occasion he waded through 
 my mortar bed and left the impress of his great foot-prints upon many a 
 boulder, from which T concluded he was a big fellow. One morning later I 
 went to the creek to get a bucket of water. A Mexican boy accompanied 
 me. It was very warm and we sat on the edge of the stream close to a big 
 
122 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 clump of bushes and slaked our thirst from the clear, beautiful stream. A 
 few moments elapsed when the Mexican, who sat next to the bush, sud- 
 denly jumped up, and turning around, exclaimed " What animal is that ?" 
 I had also risen to m}'- feet, and turning, saw within reach of a buggy whip, 
 the biggest lion I have ever seen. He did not seem a bit scared, and walked 
 off leisurely, keeping his head turned so that he could watch us. I had 
 nothing but a tin cup to defend myself with in the event he had lelt aggres- 
 sive. I even held my liands behind me to convince him I was a non-com- 
 batant. But this interview did not end our acquaintance. Some daj's later 
 one of my gentle driving honses was missing, and after a brief search, I 
 found her not far from where the Allen house now stands, dead —the bod}' 
 still warm. There were evidences in the disturbed earth around that there 
 had been a violent struggle. He had evidently sprung upon her while 
 .sleeping, sunk his teeth in her flank, and never relaxed his hold until she 
 surrendered. There was no question as to the cause of her death ; for the 
 lion, as is their custom, had dragged up grass and rublMsh in an attempt to 
 cover up the carcass. Knowing full well that he would return at night to 
 finish his feast, I seasoned the body with str3^chnine. He did not come 
 back but once. I saw no more of his tracks in the canyon ; and six months 
 afterward one of mj' boys discovered his carcass about a half mile distant 
 from where he took his last supper. 
 
 The next year I had cjuite a lot of hogs and a litter of fine .slioats that 
 I kept in a pen not far from the house, and they ])egan to disaj^pear one by 
 one. Of course I knew pretty well where they had gone ; and considering 
 them an insecure piece of property in that region, I disposed of all but one 
 fine, fat animal that I had reserved to put into ham and sausage about 
 Christmas time. I had thought that as she would weigh about 250 or 300 
 pounds, she would be too much of a load for the wild animals to pack away, 
 and was therefore safe. I reckoned without my host, for one morning she 
 was gone and had not even given a .squeal. 
 
 I learned from some Mexican wood choppers about that time that there 
 was a she-lion ivith tivo cubs living in one of the deep ravines that lead up to 
 where the Sierra Madre Villa Hotel now stands. After cleaning me out of 
 my hog-meat, she turned her attention to horse-flesh, first kiUing a colt, and 
 afterward a lame mule belonging to Mr. Wilson. She also caught one of 
 my horses and wounded three of his legs, but he was young and strong and 
 escaped from her. I finally disposed of her by dosing that dead mule's 
 carca.ss with strychnine. 
 
 That was about the last of bear and lion on the ranch, unless I mention 
 a laughable incident which occurred about 1870. A man by the name of 
 Orr had a ]>ee ranch on what is now the Kims place, al)ove Altadena. 
 Absenting himself for awhile from home, he found on his return that bears 
 had been there and upset eleven .stands of bees, rol)bing them of all the 
 honey. Hot for revenge, he went over to old man Seabury s (now Kinneloa) 
 and got the old gent to go with him and kill the thieves. They hunted 
 three or four days through the mountains, and finally returned worn out, 
 and slept at Orr's ranch. That same night the l)ears came in silently and 
 helped themselves to the contejits of three more .stands, and retired without 
 alarming the hunters. This impudent behavior so disgusted Orr that he 
 abandoned the ])lace and never returned. 
 
 One year after m}' vineyard connnenced bearing, the bears ate ofl"all the 
 grapes from a remote corner of it. The coyotes were formerly abundant 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 23 
 
 here, and were also destructive on the grape crop. Mr. Wilson once told 
 me that discovering that the ranch abounded in jack-rabbits, he bred a lot 
 of gray-hounds, and anticipated great sport in the chase ; but he had no 
 sooner got his dogs ready than the eagles discovered the game, gathered 
 about and caught the jacks in such numbers that they were greatly thinned 
 out, and the sport was spoiled. 
 
 Along the base of the mountains rattlesnakes were quite plentiful, but 
 they do not increase rapidly and soon disappear upon occupation and culture 
 of the territory. The first year at "Fair Oaks" I killed eleven, three of 
 them having eleven rattles each. Every year the number killed became 
 less, and the last year we encountered but one, and he a little fellow with 
 but one rattle. 
 
 Of tarantulas, scorpions and centipedes there were enough for famil}' 
 use, but as they are- harmless, they are only proper subjects for natural 
 history. I have neVer known any one injured by them. 
 
 HOW "a case; of asthma" DKCIDED THK location of PASADENA. 
 
 Judge Eaton furnishes the following graphic account of D. M. Berry's 
 first night at his house, and how it proved the turning point which led ulti- 
 mately to the settlement of Pasadena — a story now for the first time told in 
 print. Also a sketchy narrative of the beginnings of colony work : 
 
 Dr. Griffin wishing to dispose of his remaining interest in Rancho San 
 Pasqual, for two years I made a business of bringing out prospective buyers, 
 but met with no one who could see anything in it. At last, happening into 
 a real estate office in Los Angeles, I was introduced to a slender, pale, weak- 
 looking, round-shouldered man, with a stove-pipe hat, and other character- 
 istic features that proclaimed him a "tender-foot." He told me that he was 
 one of a pioneer committee of three who were in search of a tract of land on 
 which to establish a colony of " Hoosiers," already organized in Indian- 
 apolis. I invited him to go out home with me. * * * It was a long, 
 dry and dusty drive to my home, and the ranch, which had been pastured 
 very closely with sheep, showed not a vestige of green. Arriving at Fair 
 Oaks about sundown a different scene greeted his eyes. Broad live oaks 
 surrounded the little cottage, affording a grateful shade, and in front a vine- 
 yard of 60,000 vines presented a sea of verdure. On either side of the 
 house were groves of orange, lemon and lime trees. The following morning 
 he looked two inches taller, and upon my a.sking him how he rested, he 
 straightened up, and striking himself heroically upon the breast replied, 
 " Gloriously! Do you know, sir, that last night is the first night in three 
 years that I have remained in bed all night? " 
 
 "Why so? " I inquired. "Don't you go to bed and sleep nights, like 
 a good Christian ? ' ' 
 
 " Yes, I go to bed all right, but by midnight I am obliged to get up and 
 sit in a chair until morning, for I can't breathe lying down." 
 
 This circumstance has led me to remark sometimes, " that it was a case 
 of asthma that determined the locati9n of the Indiana Colony." 
 
 I kept Mr. D. M. Berry, for my guest was none other, for two or three 
 days, during which I drove him around the neighboring country. I showed 
 him the waters of the various springs in the Arroyo ; and knowing well the 
 topography of the country, I explained to him how the waters could be 
 
124 HISTORY Ol' PASADHNA. 
 
 brought out and distrilmted over the plains. Then we visited Wilson's and 
 Rose's to see places thai had been ira])roved long l^efore I broke ground on 
 ray place. 
 
 Mr. l>erry was so certain that he had found the desired spot that he 
 immediately sent back a description of the property and what it would cost. 
 Negotiations began, and steps were taken for a partition of interests between 
 Wilson and Oriffin, the former not wishing to dis])ose of his. It was three 
 months before a satisfactory partition was effected. Meanwhile the Indiana 
 Colony A.ssociation failed ; but tlio.se who had embarked in it were determined 
 not to give it up, and commenced immediateh^ to canvass the city of Los 
 Angeles to fill the places of the delinquent .subscribers. Their efforts were 
 crowned with success, and a new organization was formed and incorporated 
 under the name of the " San Gabriel Orange Grove Association." Messrs. 
 Porter, (ireen, W. T. Clapp, Barcus, Mundell, Bristol and Col. Banbury 
 were Los Angeles recruits. In the meantime the partition of the Griffin 
 and Wilson interest was completed, and about 4,000 acres were allotted to 
 Dr. Griffin, who sold it to the colon}-, and the balance, 1,600 acres, to B. D. 
 Wilson. [Wilson's allotment included the original water ditch from Devil's 
 Gate. -Kd.] 
 
 HOW THE COLONY WORK COMMENCED. 
 
 One of the first acts of the Board of Directors was to appoint a com- 
 mittee con.sisting of Messrs. A. O. Porter, Calvin Fletcher, and B. S. Eaton 
 to .superintend the subdivision of the lands and devise the construction of 
 water-works. At the first meeting of the committee, business opened about 
 this way : Mr. Fletcher stated that he had had a good deal of experience 
 in laying out towns, planning streets, etc., and if it was agreeable to the 
 other members of the committee he would take charge of that part of the 
 bu.siness, and direct our engineer in his work. "But," lie added, "Judge, 
 you will have to look out for the distribution of the water, for I don't know 
 anything about that." 
 
 Mr. Porter, in his modest, conservative manner, said, "I know a little 
 something about land, and a little .something about water, for I owned a 
 grist mill once. But I am satisfied with your arrangement, and I will act as 
 umpire ; and if I .see 3^ou going astray will call you off." Accordingly this 
 was the understanding, and each one .set about his special task. 
 
 Mr. F'letcher was a thorough-going energetic man, and he immediatelj' 
 commenced planning for a convenient and equitable subdivision. He trav- 
 eled on foot from one side of the 1,500 acres which was to be subdivided to 
 the other, and from end to end, studying the topography and the general 
 features of the tract, and in his own judgment determining the character 
 and value of the lands. He .so contrived the laying off of lots that one- 
 share stockholders (fifteen acres) had the same chance of obtaining desirable 
 situations and good lands as those who represented twelve shares (iSo 
 acres). This obviated a difficulty which had very much perplexed the 
 company — that was, how were selections to be made .so that all would be 
 satisfied ? 
 
 At a meeting one Saturday night, our engineer announced that his sur- 
 vey was completed — all the lots — (100 of them) were staked off and num- 
 bered. Several of the subscribers were living in a temporary wa\ in Los 
 Angeles with their families and were impatient to get onto their newly ac- 
 quired lands, lint how were thej' to be assigned that was the momentous 
 
DIVISION TWO COLONIAL. I 25 
 
 question. Histories of other colonies were ransacked for precedents and 
 metliods of division. Several were suggested, only to be voted down. Ar- 
 guments waxed warm, and a trifle of acerbity was creeping in, when the 
 chair [Judge Eaton himself. — Kd.] proposed that every stockholder appear 
 on the ground at an appointed time and we would have a sham fight over 
 the business. 
 
 This was apparently showing levity about a .serious matter, and was 
 promptly opposed, for the reason that it would probably end in a row, and 
 we would be no nearer an amicable settlement of the question than we were 
 now. Mr. Fletcher had sat back in a corner listening. He was one of the 
 largest stockholders. It was nearing midnight and all were anxious to get 
 away, yet nothing had been accomplished. Finally Mr. Fletcher arose and 
 said, "Gentlemen, as we have not succeeded in adopting any of the plans 
 proposed, suppose that we try the suggestion made by the chair, and all go 
 out there and see how many of us can get just the spot we want. I would 
 suggest that next Tuesday — that will give us one day to look over the 
 ground — we all meet at the foot of what I have named Orange Grove Av- 
 enue, and try and settle this matter to everybody's satisfaction." That 
 proposition was adopted, and we met as proposed. 
 
 It was as lovely a day in the month of January (27th) as a California 
 sun ever shone upon. Early rains had fallen and the hills were dressed in 
 living green, while the earth was a carpet of flowers of every hue. By ten 
 o'clock people began to arrive. Men with their wives and children, men 
 with their sweethearts and men without them, and not a few of the neigh- 
 boring settlers attended, as they said " to see the fun." Everybody was 
 happy, surrounded as they were by ever}' thing beautiful in nature. 
 
 I was then living at "Fair Oaks," but was taking as much, if not 
 more interest in the establishment of the colony than in my personal affairs. 
 As I came in sight of the grounds I saw men on horseback, men in buggies, 
 and men on foot rushing from one side of the plain to the other, occas- 
 ionally stopping to note the number of some lot that they thought might be 
 desirable. When I alighted at the ground where the group had gathered, 
 joy and pleasure beamed in every face, and I deemed it an auspicious omen. 
 The children scattered about gathering flowers and full of mirth, lent cheer- 
 fulness to the scene. Bountiful lunch baskets were brought out, and every- 
 body seemed disposed to a merry-making time. After lunch, which the 
 ladies had provided in the most liberal style, the men began sauntering 
 along in twos and fours and squads toward the point where the Orange 
 Grove reservoir is located, as this afforded the best outlook over the tract to 
 be divided. When all had gathered there the President directed Secretary 
 Berry to call the roll of subscribers, and requested those stockholders present 
 to announce, when their names were called, the number of the lot or lots 
 they would prefer. (The committee on subdivision [Porter, Fletcher and 
 Eaton] had agreed that they would make no selections themselves until all 
 the others had chosen, and they represented twenty-eight out of the 100 
 shares.) There had been some apprehension felt by the small shareholders 
 that they would be crowded out into some corner, or be obliged to take 
 what was left after the " heavy men " had made their selections. Mr. 
 Fletcher, knowing what was apprehended, had cut some of the most de- 
 sirable sections of the tract into one-share and two-share lots, and the one- 
 share men were called on to select first. After things had proceeded in this 
 way for a time, the secretary was requested to call the names of some of the 
 
126 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 absent stockholders, and if any one present represented them they were 
 called on to make their choice. In about twenty minutes the whole busi- 
 ness was settled without a clash, and every man had .secured just what he 
 wanted. Everybody seemed happy and a general love feast ensued. [For 
 names of members and lots cho.sen, .see page io8.] 
 
 Mr. L,. H. Tilus, a neighbor who had been an interested witness of the 
 whole affair, remarked, " Let me tell you. Judge, this colony is going to be 
 a success. When I see men act as they have today success will surely fol- 
 low." How well that prophes}^ has been verified the Pasadena of 1894 can 
 testify. 
 
 PUZZI.KS ON MR. FLKTCHKR. 
 
 Mr. Fletcher strove hard to preserve some of the old landmarks on the 
 ranch. He laid off Orange Grove Avenue so as to save two noble oaks, 
 which stand today as mementoes of his careful labors. But he was perfectly 
 at sea about how the levels run in this country. He was so positive that 
 water would run toward the mountains that he spent one of the rainiest 
 days I ever saw in California, wandering over the ranch to see which waj^ 
 the water would actually run in a flood. On his first visit to the ranch I 
 had taken him onto the hill where the Orange Grove reservoir is now lo- 
 cated, and explained that that was the spot from which the waters would 
 be distributed over the colony lands. 
 
 " But where is its .source ?" he a.sked. 
 
 " Yonder, where that spur comes down into the Arroyo from the west," 
 said I, pointing to " Devil's Gate." 
 
 " And do you pretend to say that water will flow from there up here ?" 
 
 "No, sir, it will flow from there down here, with a fall of sixty-two 
 feet." 
 
 "Judge," he replied, in a half-doubting tone, "I s'pose you know; 
 but I am a railroad builder, and if I wanted to run a line of road between 
 the.se two p(Mnts I would luring my engineer right onto this spot and tell 
 him he must wind around and try to get down to that place the best way he 
 could." 
 
 California took him at a disadvantage when he went to measuring lands 
 with his eye ; for on the same occasion and from the same standpoint he in- 
 quired, " Where are the 1,300 acres situated that we got in the deal ?" 
 
 I well knew what inspired the inquiry ; for before he started for Cali- 
 fornia, and while negotiations w^ere pending, some malicious fellow wrote 
 an anonymous letter to Indianapolis, telling the colonists that their pioneer 
 committee was being imposed upon, or had entered into a conspiracy with 
 the owners of the ranch, and were bribing the surveyors to make fal.se sur- 
 veys and give enlarged areas ; in fact, that the Indianians were being 
 swindled. This caused some trouble for a while ; but as there was no foun- 
 dation whatever for such a story, things came around all right. In reply to 
 his question I pointed out to him a strip along the base of the mountain, 
 bordered on the south by a dark line representing the Monks ditch. 
 
 "Why, Judge," says Fletcher, "I can take a couple of yoke of In- 
 diana 4-year-old steers and plow up your 1,300 acres in a week." 
 
 I made no reply, but l)ided my time. Soon after that, Fletcher, Berry 
 and my.self drove over the 1,300-acre tract to the west end, next to the Ar- 
 royo Seco. Fletcher alighted, and began kicking up the dust and examin- 
 ing the soil, as was his custom. Giving Berry a significant wink, I said, ' 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 
 
 127 
 
 "Let's go over to the southeast corner and see if we can find that stake 
 which Reynolds said he had driven there." 
 
 " Go on ! go on !" says Fletcher ; "I'll walk." 
 
 We drove over to the stake. It was a very warm day ; and after we 
 had waited an hour, Mr. Fletcher, who carried a good deal of extra flesh, 
 came up with his coat off, puffing and wiping the perspiration from his 
 cheeks, and exclaimed, " Gentlemen, ifs all here ! iV s all here .'"' 
 
 /^ys 
 
 JUDGE B. S. EATON, 1895. 
 See foot-note, page 12S. 
 
 "You won't plow it up, then, in a week with your Hoo.sier steers!" I 
 said, laughing. 
 
 " Well ! well !" he an.swered, " who ever .saw a country so deceiving in 
 its appearances !" 
 
 At another time the same party were coming up the Arroyo Seco 
 road from Los Angeles, when Fletcher, who was always inclined to chaff" 
 
128 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Berty, good naturedly said to him, " Rtiiry, 3^011 will never be able to make 
 a corner on sand and boulders in your settlement, as you and lUliott used to 
 make on corn and wheat back l{ast.'' 
 
 When our local i)aper noticed the fact that this same sand and boulders 
 of wdiich he had spoken so derisively was worth twenty-five cents per load, 
 "as it lay," Mr. Fletcher was reminded of his little joke by the report of 
 the totally unexpected rise in the value of these waste-land commodities.* 
 
 E. W. GIDDINGS. 
 
 Our families consisted of L. W. Giddingsand wife, with their children, 
 married and unmarried, as follows: Oldest daughter Elsie, and her hus- 
 band E. H. Royce, with their daughters Jennie and Florence Royce. Eugene 
 W. Giddings ; Mary, and her husband Calvin Harlwcll. Laura Giddings, 
 J. Reed Giddings, Jr., and Gr alius L. Giddings. 
 
 We all came with our own teams from Sacramento, and arrived at Pasa- 
 dena November 4, 1874. We did the breaking or first plowing on much of 
 the colony laud ; but finally settled on the bench of land at mouth of Mil- 
 lard canyon, commonly called "Giddings Heights."! 
 
 As to wild game, I have taken all sorts, from rabbits or quail to grizzly 
 bears. I have always kept hounds — have six on the ranch now, and 
 scarcely a week passes that I don't get at least one or two foxes. Once I 
 was hunting near Devil's Gate, when my hound treed four big wildcats in 
 one tree. I shot two of them ; the third one jumped and the dog grabbed 
 him — then the fourth one sprang on the dog, but he never let loose his grip. 
 One got away after being wounded, but " Cash," the dog, and I got three 
 to carry home as trophies -though he was laid up for some time with the 
 bites and scratches the cats gave him. This was the same dog with which 
 I got thirty-seven deer within two miles of home, one year. Once I shot a 
 young buck ; he fell, and I ran to him, laid down my gun and grasped his 
 
 *Froin a biography of Judge Katoii prepared bj- Mrs. Carr for the Los .Angeles Co. Historical So- 
 ciety, I gather a few main points, as follows: Henj. S. 1:Caton— boni December 20, 1S23. at I'lainfield. 
 Conn. Koth of his grandfathers were soldiers in the revolutionary war ; andliis father was in command 
 of Fort Trumbull in the war of iSt2. Young Benjamin taught district school in .Southbridge, Conn , 
 and Oxford, Mass. Studied law at Newbury, N. Y., and Kllington, Conn. (Graduated from Harvard 
 r.aw School in July, 1S46 In spring of 1S47 was married at r.,il)erty. Missouri, to Miss Helen Hayes of 
 Baltimore. Md., sister to Benjamin Hayes who afterward served twelve years as Judge of I,os Angeles 
 county, Cal. In 1847-48 published a newspaper at Weston, Mo. In 1S50 came to California with ox teams 
 liia Salt I^ake to Sacramento, and engaged in newspaper work. In 1851 went gold digging. In 1852 
 came to Los Angeles because his brother-in-law. Judge Hayes, was living there. In 1853 was elected 
 District Attorney. [See Chapter 11 for list of piiblic offices held by him ] In December this year his 
 family came here I'ia Isthmus of I'anama. In December, 1858, he came onto Rancho San Pasqual with 
 livestock. In May, 1S59, his wife died in Los Angeles. In i860 he went back overland to I'lainfield, 
 Ccfnn., to visit his mother, then eighty-four years old. In I'^bruary, 1S61, was married to Miss Alice 
 Taylor Clarke, at Plainfield, and returned to Los Angeles about May ist. In February, 1865, settled at 
 Fair Oaks, on Rancho San l'as(iual ; liut while residing here was employed in s\iperintending construc- 
 tion o( ditches, (lumes, canals, reservoirs for supplving water to the hill jjortions of Los Angeles. His 
 work on the Rancho, and his part in theoriginal c(.lony settlement are given elsewhere. Stale FIngineer 
 Wni. H. Hall, in his official report for 1S88, p. 502, says; "The Orange Grove .Association's oiigiual 
 works, ]jlaniie<l and carried out under the suprrvision of Hon. B. S. F;aton, were the first constructed in 
 Southern California wherein water was conducted and distributed for general horticultural irrigation bv 
 means of iron pipes and under pressure." [This is a mistake, for B. D. Wilson and J De Bartli Sliorb 
 had done the same thing at Alhambra two years earlier. — Ei).] 
 
 tL. W Cliddings died September 23, iSgi ; and the Daily Star of next d:iy said ; " He had been 
 sick about a year. He is of a historic family, l)eiiig a nephew of the great abolitionist, Joshua R. bid- 
 dings. He was liorn in Ashtabula county, Ohio, sixty five years ago last June ; and seventeen years ago 
 he came to I'asadena. settlingon the mesa near the foot of the mountains, whence he was only removed 
 two and a half months ago to Ellis street in this city for convenience of treatment " 
 
CORRHCTIori SUIP [to face page 128]. 
 
 On page 128, 6th and 7th lines from bottom [footnotes] there is an editorial note in brackets 
 at which Judge Eaton felt aggrieved, and thought it erroneous, and also unjust toward him upon 
 a matter in which he had taken a good deal of pride. Hence I "rise to explain." Now, that 
 "Note" was based on what I had written, as printed on pages 336-37, about B. D. Wilson's ope- 
 rations at Alhambra, upon information gatiiered from Mr. and Mrs. Shorb, and from Mr. Wilson's 
 MSS autobiography, and from his step-son, E. S. Hereford, Esq., of San Gabriel. Mr. Wilson 
 knew of Shorb having iron-piped water from a canyon at Camulos in 1864 to supply the boiler for 
 his steam engine, and then extending it to his house f )r domestic uses and also to irrigate the 
 trees, flowers and shrubbery growing there; and it was because he fully believed the same thing 
 could be profitably done on a large scale that he ventured to buy in 1871 the waterless and worthless 
 block of school lands now called .•\lhanibra. His plan and purpose to pipe water onto that land 
 was talked over and well understood in the family when the purchase was made; but on account 
 of various other large enterprises in which Mr. Wilson was then engaged, the subdividing and 
 water-piping project was not carried out until two or three years later, although I had understood 
 at first that it was done within a year or so after the purchase of the land, and hence so wrote in 
 1894. But now, October 21, 1895, I learn from J. F. Holbrook of Los Angeles that in 1873 h's 
 firm of Miles & Holbrook made a lot of riveted sheet-iron piping for Dr. John S. Griffin and piped 
 water under ground from two large elevated ]3ump-tanks to irrigate a ten-acre orange orchard, the 
 same land now known as the Schieffelin Tract in East Los Angeles. Then in the spring and 
 summer of 1874 they furnished the same sort of pipe for the work that Judge Eaton was superin- 
 tending in the " Indiana Colony." And also at the same time they were laying the same sort of 
 pipe for B. D. Wilson, to convey water from Mission Canyon near the old distillery to irrigate his 
 large Lake Vineyard orange orchard; then the next year they extended this piping on down to the 
 Alhambra Tract. I find in county records that the original Alhambra Tract was surveyed and 
 platted by G. Hansen, in June, 1874. Mr. James M. Tiernan, business manager of The Cap- 
 ital [a weekly newspaper at Los Angeles] assisted as chainman on this survey, and has kindly 
 aided me in these special investigations. 
 
 ADDITIONAL ERRATA: discovered after those given on page 675 were printed. 
 
 Page 338, 2d line from bottom: 1884 should be 1894. 
 
 Page 408, i8th line from bottom: "northwestwardly" should be northeastwardly. 
 
 Page 416, 3d line from bottom: 1886 should be 1876. 
 
 Page 610, 4th line below the plate of illustrations: "stages of division" should read, stages of 
 germination. 
 
 33° Each purchaser is requested to mark at the proper place in his own copy the corrections 
 noted here, and also those on page 675, so that the errors shall not be quoted, nor stand to mis- 
 lead any one. There are doubtless other misprints in the book which I have not yet detected. 
 
 The general Index, pages II to 16, contains 963 page references. 
 
 The Flora! Index, pages 64? to 649, contains 709 page references. 
 
 The street Map, at page 16, contains 310 references by figures and letters. 
 
 The bird's-eye Map, at page 410, contains 80 references by numbers. 
 
 The plant names commencing with O were accidentally omitted from the Floral Index, at 
 page 648, and I give them here: 
 
 Oak 63! CTCnothera 638 Opuntia 6'7 Oscillaria 609 
 
 Oats 628 Oidiuju. 617 Orchids 631 Osmorrhiza 636 
 
 CEdogonium 612 Oniphalia 620 Orthocarpus 642 Oxalis 635 
 
 CEnanthe 636 Ophiobolus 613 Orthotrichum 625 Oyster-mushroom 620 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 29 
 
 fore foot to bleed him — then he jumped up and started down the canyon, I 
 holding on with all my might, and for about a hundred feet on the slope 
 there was a mixed up mess of deer and man, each on top by turns. How- 
 ever, I finally triumphed, and had venison for supper ; but ever after that I 
 made sure that the game was dead before venturing too near. 
 
 On Thanksgiving Day, 1878, my brothers Reed and Grotius and I went 
 hunting up the canyon; and espying an eagle, we followed it and, after a 
 hard climb and lots of work, succeeded in killing it. His tip feathers meas- 
 ured nearly twenty-four inches, and the total spread of wings was ten feet 
 three inches.* We left the body where we killed it, for it was too heavy to 
 carry home. The place was the mountain wall on eastern side of Punch- 
 bowl canyon, a branch of Millard canyon which comes in from the north, 
 half a mile above Millard Falls. 
 
 A PASADKNA GRIZZLY BEAR. 
 
 During the winter of 1879-80, bears kept robbing our bee stands, a lot 
 of which we had in the opening now called Elms's Canyon. One night in 
 January or February I had a howling toothache and couldn't sleep, so I told 
 the boys I would go over to the apiary and "kill a bear for them." They 
 were too sleepy to go. Before I got started of course the tooth stopped 
 aching ; but I wouldn't back out then. So I took my old Sharp's musket — 
 50-70, single shot, and went. About 2 o'clock in the morning, just as the 
 moon was going out of sight, I heard a noise among the bees and started 
 out to investigate. Creeping slowly and cautiously along and peering right 
 and left among the hives, I finally espied a bear beyond one of the tall 
 hives—and he wasn't a baby, either. I took aim and fired, and over he 
 tumbled — but was up again in a second, bitting his right shoulder where 
 the bullet had entered vigorou.sly with his left paw ; and he gave one of the 
 most terrific barks or grunts I ever heard : it was like the rage and fury 
 noise of a mad hog and dog combined. Then he spied me, reared on his 
 hind legs and came toward me. I fired again, this time hitting him in the 
 left hip. He turned, started off", went about 125 yards and fell dead. The 
 first shot had passed through his lungs and liver. I didn't find him till 
 morning. Then four of us carried him up to the road, loaded him into a 
 wagon and drove down to Pasadena. In a few moments it seemed as if the 
 whole population of Pasadena was gathered at Williams's store to see the 
 bear ; and the public school opposite the store was dismissed so the children 
 could have a chance to see it. The animal measured 7 feet 10 inches from 
 tip to tip, but only weighed about 500 pounds, for he was very poor — almost 
 nothing but skin and bones. Some men fancy they could face a bear and 
 be perfectly calm ; but with a big grizzly within less than thirty feet, coming 
 
 *This was not an eagle, but a California condor, the largest bird known in North America No 
 eagle reaches that dimension. And Reed Giddiiigs tells me that he remembers they were puzzled to 
 tell what kind of an eagle it was, but finally concluded that it was a " bald eagle." They didn't know 
 about the condor, and it was perfectly natural that they should think it an eagle of some sort. 
 
130 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 at you, you feel as if your hair all stood up as stiff as hazel brush. It was 
 less than ten .short paces from where the empty shell fell from my shoulder 
 to where the bear stood when I gave him the second .shot. This was the 
 only genuine "grizzly" killed at Pasadena since the town commenced. I 
 killed or helped to kill three other bears that same year. 
 
 As to Indian relics, I have found no stone axes nor arrow heads, but 
 have found old mortars [metates] and pestles [mealing stones] — small ones, 
 only 3x5 inches, and larger round ones 6 to 7 inches through, or mostly 
 about 5 inches long, i ' ^ inches thick and 3 inches wide ; also some 6 to 7 
 inches through, round, and about 2 inches thick. All show extreme age, and 
 were from 2 to 15 inches below the surface. The mortars are nearly all 
 worn through. They were found mostly on the banks of the Arroyo 
 or Millard creek. [See page 49.] 
 
 D. M. GRAHAM. 
 
 By Mrs. Graham : We came to Pasadena in October, 1876, with our 
 own conveyance from Anaheim, but were originally from Bloomington, 111. 
 We boarded at Mi's. Locke's for awhile, then rented a part of Mr. Cooley's 
 cottage ; but built our own house in 1877. The first crop we raised was 
 strawberries. My sister, Jennie E. Collier, was with us. Pasadena was 
 just getting a postoffice ; and Mr. Graham had a two-horse carriage and 
 wanted to drive out every day for his health anyway ; so he took the* con- 
 tract and became the first mail-carrier from Los Angeles to Pasadena, doing 
 also a pa.ssenger and package business at the same time. [See " Story of 
 the Postofiice," Chap. 11.] 
 
 A. K. M' QUILLING. 
 
 Came to Pasadena with my family in July, 1875, from Mercer County, 
 111. Came by railroad to Sacramento, then to San F'rancisco and vSan Pedro 
 by steamer. The first man we met in Pasadena was A. O. Porter, who was 
 irrigating a bed of orange seed, on Orange Grove Avenue. We first lodged 
 in D. M. Berry's house. Our fuel was procured from wood lots in the 
 Arroyo. I bought ten acres in the Berry & Elliott tract on Colorado street, 
 where Pasadena Avenue and Kansas [Green] street are now. Hauled lumber 
 from Los Angeles and built a house there. My first crop was corn. As to 
 snow, hail, destructive wind storms, excessive rains, and drouth, we have 
 had them all ; but came through them in good shape. 
 
 HORATIO N. RUST, 
 
 My family came from Chicago to Pasadena by Southern Pacific railroad, 
 arriving here January 23, 1882. The party consisted of my.self and wife, 
 our .son, Frank N. Ru.st and wife ; our children, Nellie F., Edward H., and 
 Elizabeth E. Rust, and F>nest H. Lockwood. We first met here Wni. T. 
 Clapp, and obtained lodgings at his hou.se and Thomas Nelmes's (the boys 
 
DIVISION TWO — COI.ONIAL. I3I 
 
 lodging in Mr. Clapp's barn), until we could prepare a shelter on my own 
 land. I purchased the last piece of colony land on Monterey road (the same 
 where I now reside), paying $80 per acre. We all worked, and home- 
 making improvements went on rapidly. 
 
 [Mr. Rust was a member of the board of directors of the public library, 
 from its beginning as a colony blossom down to the time when it was trans- 
 ferred to the city as one of the municipal institutions. See full account in 
 Chapter ic] 
 
 Being commissioner of immigration for Southern California, I originated 
 and helped carry through the first Citrus Exhibit sent from here to Chicago. 
 This was in 1886, and gave our navel orange a prominence in Eastern 
 markets which it never had before. Again, in September, 1887, I was gen- 
 eral superintendent of the Southern California Horticultural Exhibit, at 
 Armory Hall, St. Louis. 
 
 Indian Relics. — I brought with me to Pasadena a collection of prehis- 
 toric and modern Indian relics which I had been gathering ever since my 
 boyhood from many states and territories, besides Canada and Mexico ; 
 and I soon began collecting specimens of the same sort in Pasadena and 
 vicinity. I also made the first special art-collections of Indian baskets in 
 Southern California. And my archaeological collections formed a prominent 
 feature of the first Art-Eoan Exhibition, held for the benefit of the public 
 library in 1884. In 1890 91 92 I was United States Indian Agent, under 
 President Harrison's administration. In 1S92 my archaeological collection 
 was purchased by Frank G. Logan of Chicago, and I exhibited it for him at 
 the World's Columbian Exposition, 1S93, being myself a member and secre- 
 tary of the board of judges for the Ethnological Department there. Mr. 
 Logan finally donated the entire collection to Beloit College, Wisconsin, 
 where it is now carefully preserved. 
 
 JOSEPH WALLACE. 
 
 Arrived in Pasadena in June, 1875, coming by rail and stage from 
 Titsanburg, Ontario, Canada. The first resident we met here was Mrs. Dr. 
 Elliott, and we boarded with their family at first. 
 
 [This is all that Mr. Wallace gave of his "old settler" experience. 
 But his good work for the colony will be found in the historic sketch of his 
 pioneer cannery enterprise. Chapter 24. — Ed.] 
 
 p. G. WOOSTER. 
 Late in April, 1875, I came down the coast from San Francisco to Santa 
 Monica. Some thought that place was to be the great city and shipping 
 port for the Los Angeles and San Gabriel valleys. From Santa Monica to 
 Los Angeles I came by the old Independence Railroad. Stopped at the 
 United States hotel for a while, but soon took a room at Dr. McKee's 
 cottage, corner Third and Fort street (now^ Broadway). I must have looked 
 
132 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 and acted very sick ; for as I walked about the streets of the city I over- 
 heard such remarks as these : " There's another poor consumptive. He's 
 come out here to die. He's too lar gone. This climate won't do him any 
 good. He'd better have staid at home with his friends," etc., etc. One 
 said, " He ought to drink buttermilk; that will cure him. When I came 
 here I had the consumption ; and I drank buttermilk and it cured me." I 
 looked at the fellow, and thought him a pretty poor specimen to be sent 
 back East as an advertisement of this country — for his cheeks were sunken 
 like the hollows on a New England coast map, and his eyes looked like 
 buttons in a washtub. Seeing things thus, I decided not to diet on butter- 
 milk. 
 
 In May I got acquainted with surveyor E. T. Wright of Los Angeles. 
 He invited me one day to ride with him out to the " Indiana Colony." We 
 went by the Arroyo road. On what is now called Highland Park, and near 
 the Arroyo where the Potts residence now stands, there was a low old adobe 
 building — a relic of the old Spanish or Mexican days ; and Wright told 
 me, with solemn tone and countenance, that the man living in that house 
 had killed six men, and was waiting for the seventh to come along. I felt 
 very uncomfortable till we got well past the place. (We returned to the city 
 by the east or adobe road, and I was very glad of it.) We reached the 
 colony settlement at what was called " Porter's Hill," where A. O. Porter 
 and P. M. Green had pretty cottages — the prettiest in the place, I thought, 
 because the others were mostly unpainted. At this time there were no 
 houses on the Lake Vineyard Tract — that is, none east of Fair Oaks 
 Avenue. 
 
 In June I bought 10 acres on the Lake Vineyard side at $55 per acre, 
 less 12 per cent, for cash down — the land where Hotel Green, and the 
 Santa Fe depot, and the Post Office building, and the Wooster block all now 
 stand. I came to pitch my tent here July 8, 1875. My lumber, my stove 
 and other kitchen utensils, mj^ provisions and my.self were hauled out from 
 Los Angeles by a Mr. Higgins with his 6-horse team that day. I lodged 
 awhile at Dr. Elliott's, nearly where the Arroyo Vista house (Mrs. Bangs's) 
 now stands ; then a week or two at Rev. W. C. Mosher's home ; then 
 moved into my own less than half-completed shanty. While at Mosher's, 
 and also in my own shanty alone, I suffered terribly and nearly died with 
 rheumatism. I lived in my shanty several months before I got a roof on it, 
 for I was too sick to work, and had but little means. But I needed a horse ; 
 and I bought from a man who had ju.st came from Arizona, an Indian pony, 
 a fine saddle, bridle and tether, all for $40. The boys called my pony 
 " Rosinante," after Don Quixote's famous .steed. I rigged up for my pony 
 a two-wheeled cart, the thills of which were fastened to the saddle ; and 
 when I hauled wood, or water, or anything, I rode in the .saddle myself 
 instead of the cart. The pony was Injin bred and I was Yankee bred, and 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 33 
 
 we compromised on this new trick style of express wagon. I wore cowhide 
 shoes, usually run down at the heel ; a checked cotton shirt ; and blue jeans 
 pants that were rather short, so that my ankles and cotton socks were 
 exposed. These were badges of bachhood and wifeless independence. One 
 day I begged a dog from a shepherd going by with his flock, named him 
 "Watch," and he stuck to me closer than a brother. 
 
 My shanty was one of the very first put up on the Lake Vineyard side. 
 At the same time old Mr. Hollingsworth built his house ; and Mr. I,owe 
 built the Roger Plant house on Marengo Avenue ; Mr. Vore built a board 
 cottage ; and Mrs. R. H. Martin built a board cottage of two or three rooms 
 on the E. C. Webster place. One moonlight night in the month of July, 
 1875, I .slept in the Martin cottage, with only a grass hammock and a thick 
 traveling shawl for bedding, and I nearly froze to death before morning. 
 How the coyotes did howl that night ! and other nights, too, when I 
 slept in my own shanty there where the big pepper tree is, in front of Hotel 
 Green. By the way, my wife planted that pepper tree there in 1880. 
 
 I came to Southern California for my health. In the P^ast I was much 
 afflicted with catarrh, and m}^ bronchial tubes were badly clogged. lyife 
 was a burden ; I had no ambition and was not able to work. After coming 
 here I had a severe siege with rheumatism, then began to improve rapidly 
 and soon was able to labor hard every day. And have enjoyed pretty good 
 health ever since. 
 
 WHERE THE OLD SETTLERS CAME FROM. 
 A few months ago a San Francisco paper .spoke of Pasadena as a place 
 'originally settled by a lot of Puritans from New England" — a statement, 
 widely incorrect, as my following syllabus will show. When an Old 
 Settlers' As.sociation was talked of, twelve or thirteen years ago, it was 
 commonly agreed that persons who came here prior to and during the year 
 1880, should be reckoned as " Old Settlers," anyway, whether later arrivals 
 were counted in or not ; and upon that basis I have compiled the following 
 list of names, years and places, both for its own historic interest, and as a 
 guide list for a Pasadena Pioneer vSocietj' which may possibly spring up 
 some day yet. For convenience of reference I give the names in alphabeti- 
 cal order rather than the order of successive years, and have marked with 
 a star those who were members of the original Orange Grove Colony 
 Association : • 
 
 PA.SADENA OLD SETTLERS — 1870 TO 1880. 
 
 Allen, Lyman, M. D 1880... Missouri, formerly Ohio. 
 
 Allen, Wm 1879... England. 
 
 Baker, Edwin 1 874. . . Pennsylvania. 
 
 *Baker, John H 1873... Indiana. 
 
 Ball, Benjamin F 1878. ..Iowa, formerly Ohio. 
 
 *Banbury, Jabez 1874... Iowa. 
 
134 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Banbury, John W 1876. ..Canada. 
 
 Banbury, Thomas 1874. . .Canada. 
 
 Bangs, Mrs. Emma C 1880... New York State. 
 
 =i=Barcus, Wm. J 1874... Indiana. 
 
 Beebe, Jerome 1 876. . . Chicago. 
 
 Bell, Charles W 1877. ..New York vState. 
 
 *Bennett, Henry G 1874... Michigan. 
 
 Bennett, Will J 1875... Michigan . 
 
 *Berry, D. M 1873... Indiana. 
 
 Bishop, Miss Cynthia M 1876... Vermont. 
 
 Blatenburg, James 1877. ..Iowa. 
 
 Brigden, Albert 1877... Chicago. 
 
 ^Bristol, A. 1873. ..Iowa. 
 
 Brown, C. C 1879... Michigan. 
 
 Bryant, S. D 1876. ..Iowa. 
 
 Brj'ant, H. Iv 1876. ..Iowa. 
 
 Cambell, James 1877... New York State. 
 
 Carr, Ezra S., M. D., etc 1880... New York State. 
 
 Case, Cyrus C 1878... Michigan, formerly Maine. 
 
 Case, H. R i88o...Mas.sachussets. 
 
 Case, Chas. H 1880... Maine. 
 
 Chapman, Fred E 1 880. . .Illinois. 
 
 *Clapp, Wm. T 1873... Massachusetts. 
 
 Clapp, Wm. B i874...Massachu.setts. 
 
 Clapp, I. B 1 876... Connecticut. 
 
 Clapp, Ed. C 1880... Connecticut. 
 
 Clark, Geo. P 1874... Connecticut, formerly Rhode Island. 
 
 Cobb, Mrs. Rebecca A 1876... Iowa. 
 
 Conger, O. H., M. D 1874... New York State. 
 
 Cooley, Walter E i874...Massachussetts. 
 
 Craig, James 1869... England. 
 
 Crank, James F. 1877. ..New York State. 
 
 *Croft, Thomas F 1873... Indiana. 
 
 *Dana, Alfred W i874...Massachussetts. 
 
 Dougherty, O. R 1877... Indiana. 
 
 Dunsmoor, A. V 1878... Minnesota. 
 
 Dunton, Rev. S i876...Iow^a. 
 
 Dyer, R. B 1876... Connecticut. 
 
 *Eaton, Benj. vS 1858... Missouri. 
 
 Edwards, Alex 1874... Indiana. 
 
 -i=Elliott, T. B., M. D 1875. ..Indiana. 
 
 Farn.sworth, Rev. R. W. C 1880... Vermont. 
 
 *Fletclier, Calvin 1874... Indiana. 
 
 Foote, Chas. R * 1879... Massachusetts. 
 
 Foote, Misses Mary H. and 
 
 Catherine E 1879... Massachusetts. 
 
 Freeman, Wm :. 1880. . .Wisconsin . 
 
 Gano, Peter 1880.. .Ohio. 
 
 *Gil)son, N. R 1874. ..Indiana. 
 
 Cjiddings, Levi W 1874... Iowa. 
 
 Giddini^s, Grolius L 1874. ...Iowa. 
 
 Giddings, luigene W 1874... Iowa. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 135 
 
 Giddings, J. Reed 1874. ..Iowa. 
 
 Gilchrist, James D 1879... Chicago. 
 
 Gilmore, Mrs. Liicy i876...Massachu.setts. 
 
 *Green, Peryr M 1874... Indiana. 
 
 Greene, Frank W 1874... Massachusetts. 
 
 Goodwin, H. F 1880... Wisconsin. 
 
 Hannaford, Wm. S 1880... England. 
 
 Harry, Wm 1874... Indiana. 
 
 Hartwell, John L 1879. ..Iowa. 
 
 Heald, F. H 1878. ..Iowa. 
 
 Heydenreich, F. H 1877... New York City. 
 
 Hollingsworth, h. D 1876... Iowa. 
 
 *Holmes, H.J 1874 1882. ..San Francisco, formerly Michigan. 
 
 Hovey, F. M 1880... Vermont. 
 
 Hurlbut, Edwin F 1875... Chicago. 
 
 *Hutton, A. W t 1874... Alabama. 
 
 Jewett, S. P 1878. ..Ohio. 
 
 Kinney, Abbott 1 880. . . Maryland. 
 
 *Eeavitt, Ward 1879... Indiana. 
 
 Eegge, Charles 1876. ..Iowa. 
 
 ^i-'Eippincott, T. E 1874... Philadelphia. 
 
 Eocke, Mrs. R. C 1874... Indiana. 
 
 *Eockhart, T. J. and E. J 1874... Indiana. 
 
 Eord, I. S. P., M. D 1879... Chicago. 
 
 Eowe, John 1876. ..Salt Eake City. 
 
 Eukens, T. P 1880... Illinois. 
 
 Markham, H. H 1879... Wisconsin. 
 
 ^Matthews, J. M 1874. ..Ohi6. 
 
 McQuilling, A. K 1875... Illinois. 
 
 Meharry, Geo. E 1880... Indiana. 
 
 Michener, E. H 1877. ..Iowa. ^ 
 
 Millard, Elisha 1875... Indiana. 
 
 Mills, A. F 1878... Canada. 
 
 Mills, John S 1877... Canada. 
 
 Martin, Mrs. R. H 1876... Massachusetts. 
 
 Martin, C. S 1876.. Massachusetts. 
 
 Martini Wm. D 1876... Massachusetts. 
 
 MaudHn, Solomon 1878. ..Iowa. 
 
 McEean, Edward 1880... Oakland, Cal., formerly Connecticut. 
 
 Mosher,'Rev. W. C 1874. ..New York State. 
 
 *Mundell, I. N 1874. ..Ohio. 
 
 Nelson, Joseph A 1876... New Orleans. 
 
 Ninde, Albert 1877.. Salt Eake City. 
 
 Painter, John H 1880... Iowa. 
 
 *Porter, A. O 1875... Indiana. 
 
 Printz, Dennis 1 876. . .Iowa. 
 
 Raab, David 1870... Illinois. 
 
 Rice, B. A 1880.. .Kansas. 
 
 Richardson. Geo.. A 1875... Massachusetts. 
 
 Ridgway, Harry 1878... Canada. 
 
 Riegle, Henry H 1879. ..New York State. 
 
 Ripley, C. B 1876. ..Maine. 
 
136 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Roseiibaum, M 
 
 Ross, John 
 
 Ross, Jas. W 
 
 Shaw, Samuel J 
 
 Skillen, C. M 
 
 Smith, James 
 
 ^Strickland, Ney 
 
 Swan, Wm. O 
 
 Swan. W. O., Jr 
 
 Swan, Chas. W 
 
 Townsend, David 
 
 Townsend, Stephen 
 
 Townsend, David, Jr 
 
 Townsend, Will H 
 
 Turner , Edson 
 
 *Vawter, Mrs. C. A 
 
 * Vawter, E. J 
 
 Wallace, Josepli 
 
 Washburn, S 
 
 Watson, Wm. G 
 
 Watts, Chas. H 
 
 Weight, M. H 
 
 Weingarth, Mrs. Sarah A. 
 
 Williams, Romayne 
 
 Wilson , John W 
 
 Wilson , Joseph M 
 
 Wilson, John B 
 
 Wooster, P. G 
 
 * Yarnell , Jesse 
 
 874... Iowa, formerly Germany. 
 
 880... Canada. 
 
 880... Canada. 
 
 879... Iowa. 
 
 880... Ohio. 
 
 878... Glasgow, Scotland. 
 
 8 74... Georgia. 
 
 877...Bo.ston, Mass. 
 
 877... Boston, Mass. 
 
 8 7 7... Boston, Mass. 
 
 876... Iowa. 
 
 876... Iowa. 
 
 876. ..Iowa. 
 
 876... Iowa. 
 
 875... Illinois. 
 
 874... Indiana. • 
 
 874... Indiana. 
 
 875... Canada. 
 
 874... Iowa. 
 
 876... England. 
 
 874.. Chicago. 
 
 876...vSalt Eake City. 
 
 879... Indiana. 
 
 877... New York State. 
 
 87i...Mi.s.sissippi. 
 
 87 1... Mississippi. 
 
 8 7 1... Mississippi. 
 
 875... Boston, formerl}' Maine. 
 
 874... Ohio. 
 
 The first Directory of Pa.sadena ever pu1)lished gave names and former 
 home of all permanent residents of the place, up to May i, 1883 ; and the 
 following summary shows from what diver.se portions of our own and other 
 countries these people had gathered to form an ideal and polyethnic settle- 
 ment (Chinamen not counted) at this " crown of the valley ": 
 
 From Iowa 62, Illinois 29, Ma.ssachu.setts 26, Indiana 18, N. Y. State 
 17, Missouri 11, Canada 11, Ohio 9, England 9, California 8, Connecticut 7, 
 Minnesota 6, Wisconsin 6, Maine 5, Michigan 5, Pennsylvania 5, Vermont 
 5, Colorado 3, Kansas 3, Mi.ssi.s.sippi 3, Utah 3, Germany 3, Scotland 3, 
 Nebraska 2, Arkansas i, Delaware i, Louisiana i, Maryland i, Montana i, 
 Rhode Island i, Texas i, Wa.shington Territory i, Manitoba i, New Bruns- 
 wick I, Sweden i. These represent about 200 families, not counting bach- 
 elors. 
 
 The twenty-.seven members of the original colony association stood 
 thus : From Alabama i [Judge A. W. Huttoti now of Los Angele.s], from 
 Georgia i, Indiana 14, Iowa 2, Massachusetts 2, Michigan 2, Missouri i, 
 Ohio 3, Peinisylvani i — total, 27. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 37 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Fun in the Colony. — A witty newspaper, The Reservoir. — Some Dog-gerel poetry. — 
 Grasshopper Talk. — The Preacher, and Wilson's wine. — Stage talent in the col- 
 ony. — Baker's Bear. — The "Nine Nobby Niggers." — Who killed Jesse Lee? — Col. 
 Banbury's Deer. — The " rifle team " saw a bear. — Rabbit Hunts. 
 
 FUN IN THE COLONY. 
 
 The first colony settlers of Pasadena were very largely of the class who 
 keep school-houses and churches in the foreground wherever they go, yet 
 they were neither morose nor long-visaged people. The spirit of fun and fun- 
 making cropped out very soon, even amidst the most arduous cares and 
 labors of their pioneer life. D. M. Berry was notably a joker ; Calvin 
 Fletcher had a keen vein of humor ; Judge Eaton could see the ludicrous, 
 side of a thing, and laugh as easily as any one ; and in fact the American 
 tendency of the age to give serious things a humorous turn was not at all 
 lacking in this sober and very earnest community. But the first distinctive 
 historic manifestation of this spirit is found in the first number of The Res- 
 ervoir, Pasadena's first newspaper. 
 
 THE FIRST NEWSPAPER. 
 This was a pen-and-ink paper, prepared by Arthur H. Day, and read 
 before the literary societ)^ in the up-and-down board shanty school-house of 
 the colony, December 28, 1876. It was entitled "The Reservoir"; and 
 the following extracts from the leading editorial article will .serve to show 
 the spicy flavor of the entire first number. The editor says : 
 
 "To carefully conserve the results of this experiment we have prepared 
 this ' Reservoir,' small in size to be sure, and plain in construction, but we 
 do not assess you for its making, and its water is free. 
 
 "That an undercurrent of literary genius does exist in this fertile ranch 
 has been satisfactorily proved — not artesiayi in its nature, forcing a profuse 
 current into the upper atmosphere ; neither, on the other hand, has one to 
 bore severely for results. A jitdicious removal of the upper crust of modesty 
 and excuses will give rise to many a gentle flow. 
 
 "As your appointed 'zanjero,' having filled the 'Reservoir,' we con- 
 tinue our official duties by apportioning its contents out to you. This is 
 ' service-water ' only, and only your small pipes are to be usfd — large ones 
 we could not fill, and you will only be disappointed if you prepare to receive 
 our effusions in that way. You may complain of lack of head, and that 
 feature we acknowledge and justify — a part of a tale,'^~ at least will appear." 
 
 Under the head of " Foreign Correspondence," the following humorous 
 and witty ' ' letter from London ' ' was given : 
 
 London, December 25, A. D. 2000. 
 
 Most Venerable Doctor Day — The High and Mighty Editor of the 
 ' ' Reservoir " : In looking over the mouldy archives of the past I came 
 
 *This "tale" refers to a story entitled, " Perdita," written by Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham, 
 which was commenced in "The Reservoir" and afterward completed by Mrs. Graham and published in 
 The Argonaut at San Francisco. And also in a volume of her writings issued in 1S94. 
 
138 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 across an account of a settlement of a cit}^ in California named " Pasadena. ' ' 
 Said city was founded in the year of grace 1873, by some devout pilgrims 
 from the country of Indiana and other Indian countries of North America, 
 because the stock of quinine on which they lived and moved and had their 
 being had become exhausted. * * * The land was appointed to the 
 pilgrims by choice, and all fell to work to develop some pet hobby. Among 
 the first settlers were found the names of Porter, Green, Croft, Bennett, 
 Barcus, Elliott, Rosenbaum, Clapp, Newton, Locke, Banbury, Berry, 
 Conger, Cooley, Mundell, Watts, Bristol, Washburn — these ancient names 
 indicating distinguished tribes to which they belonged. * t« * In time 
 the people extended all over the great valley of San Gabriel, but the original 
 settlement of Pasadena remained the center of attraction and a sacred place 
 to all the descendants. And now in all parts of that beautiful place are 
 conspicuous monuments to the memory of the pioneers, with characteristic 
 inscriptions. 
 
 To the memory of Green there is a tablet with a copy of Blackstone 
 and Whateley's Logic and Rhetoric, with an orange grove in the distance. 
 
 In the memory of Porter is a marble shaft with a ])ust of John Wesley 
 and a Methodist church surrounded by orange trees in bas-relief on the 
 pedestal. 
 
 " On the monument to Croft was a span of mules driven at full speed by 
 himself and carrying a load of provisions and some books of music and 
 poetry — all for the l)enefit of some family in distress. -i' 
 
 Over the ashes of Bennett rose a monument representing two bachelors 
 cooking Christmas turkey and labeled "Par nobile fratrum, Ann Arbor, 
 Michigan." 
 
 The monument to Elder Clapp represented that venerable father in 
 Israel marching at the head of his tribe to Sunday school, carrying a banner 
 with the inscription, " I consider this the proper thing to do." 
 
 Judge lyocke is represented as the presiding magistrate of the people, 
 and has just blown counsel, sheriff and jury out of doors by exploding a 
 pun in the court-room about the size of a barrel of cider. Some thought it 
 was an earthquake ; but his son who could Sey-mour, said it was pure 
 Lock-jaw, and was sent to the Lock-up for contempt of court. 
 
 Colonel Banbury was represented on one side of his monument leading 
 a regiment of " Hawk-eyes " to battle ; on the reverse he had come home 
 and beaten his sword into a ]>runing hook, while his wife had given him 
 
 " Jessie, "t 
 
 Watts is embalmed as the publisher of a book of hymns and a rudd}-- 
 haired son named Harvey. In his wed-Locke he joined the church Millie- 
 tant.l 
 
 In memory of the Conger tribe was a large ta])let representing "spirits 
 of just men made perfect" ascending and descending U])()n the earth, with a 
 philosopher and chemist seeking after the source of motion and life. In the 
 group were the busts of Tyndall, Darwin, Herbert Spencer and Ralph W^ildo 
 Emenson conversing with Dr. Conger about the infinitesimal elements of 
 existence. 
 
 *.Mr. Croft liad n pair of stout mules wliicli would get up or lie down at his word of couiniand at 
 any time, wlietlier in harness or not ; and being a bachelor then, he ciflen hitched up his big wagon and 
 took the yon n>f people on a moonlight ride to some social gathcrinRur surprise party, or just for the fun 
 of a ride. Hence " Croft's mules " were a historic part of the colony population. 
 
 tThe Colonel had twin daughters, and the one named Jessie is now Mrs. Dr. Crank of Pomona. 
 
 tChas. Watts had married Miss Millie Locke — the first wedding in the colony. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 139 
 
 Bristol had the keys of the first " Zanjero" of the settlement, and was 
 intent on irrigating a span of buck-skin horses, the first in the colony. 
 
 Mosher carried a Westminister catechism on his shoulders, and was 
 surrounded by olive branches. 
 
 Newton had a microscope in one hand, while holding the Scriptures in 
 the other ; he was reading, "A good wife is from the lyord." 
 
 Over a grand mausoleum to Fletcher were the startling words, " He 
 could but he wouldn't." While over Vawter there were the words, "He 
 would but he couldn't." 
 
 To the memory of Gibson was written, " Blessings brighten as they 
 take their flight." Barcus was smiling among the bees of Hymettus ; and 
 Vulcan stood over the .sepulcher of Baker.* 
 
 There were many other ancient relics of this singular people, showing 
 their means of locomotion and system of cultivation. 
 
 The present city of Pasadena covers the entire valley of San Gabriel 
 and is watered throughout by artesian wells whose source is in the moun- 
 tains. When more mountain showers are needed a gigantic explosion of 
 dynamite or vigorite is made between the mountain ranges, and in a short 
 time copious thunder showers gather and drench the mountain forests, and 
 thus keep a good supply of water perpetually for the use of this great and 
 beautiful city, which now numbers 500,000 people. Signed, Truth. 
 
 Further specimens of the exuberant wit and humor of this first Pasadena 
 paper appear in a " I,ist of Patents granted to Pasadena inventors during the 
 week ending November 31, 1876," as follows : 
 
 To P. G. Wooster — Bachelor's Button, covering improvement in pants 
 and shirt buttons, and method of attachment. This improved button, in 
 addition to eyes, has hands with which to hold on, and instead of sewing 
 the button to the garment the garment is sewed to the button, so that even 
 if the former is lost the button remains. 
 
 To A. H. Day — Patent Heel and Toe for Stockings. The same being 
 detachable from the body of the sock, so that when worn through they can 
 be removed and replaced by new. Every pair of socks accompanied by 
 seven extra heels and toes ; being small and light can also be sent East for 
 darning and returned at slight cost. 
 
 To H. G. Bennett — Improved Copper-Toed Collars and Cuffs. Being 
 a light metallic binding applied to the edges of shirt collars and wrist-bands, 
 having the appearance of linen and not noticeable ; saves all trimming of 
 edges on Sunday morning. Proof against Chiiiamen. Can also be applied 
 to the bottoms of pants. 
 
 To W. O. Moody — New Method of Raising Bread. Being a small 
 mechanical toy resembling a gopher ; when wound up and placed in a pan 
 of thick sponge it will move rapidly around under and through the dough 
 and go-pher the whole until the pan is "raised" full. The process can be com- 
 pleted while one is heating the oven. 
 
 The following appear under the head of 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS, 
 lyime Trees For Sale — Buy some and raise your own lime for white- 
 washing. A few slacked lime trees at half price. Seymour Locke — "Locke 
 Harem." 
 
 * J. H. Baker was the colon j' blacksmith. 
 
140 HISTORY OF PASAD?:nA. 
 
 Church Lots For Sale — Three corners left. Can be returned if they 
 don't suit. Frank W. Greene — ' ' Old Adobe. ' ' 
 
 FIRST PASADENA POETRY. 
 The first poetry ever written in Pasadena also appeared in this first 
 nuTuber of the first paper, and ran as follows : 
 
 A CHURCH DOG-MA, IN DOGGEREL METER. 
 BY PROF. SHORTFEIvLOW. 
 
 Our Mr. Porter had a dog ; its given name was Fido ; 
 When Mr. Porter went to town it always said " can't I go ? " 
 At Dr. Newton's lived a dog ; its hair was long and yellow ; 
 And when the Doctor went away, Bob was quite sure to follow. 
 
 And Mrs. Barcus had her dog ; it wouldn't stay at home ; 
 When Mrs. Barcus came up town, Carlo would likewise come. 
 Then Mrs. Mundell had one, too ; 'twas socially inclined ; 
 If told to stay at home alone, sometimes it would not nnnd. 
 
 Now all these folks were church-going folk, and went to church each Sunday ; 
 So all the dogs they followed on, the same as though 'twas Monday. 
 Now this was wrong, for dogs should learn the difference in days ; 
 Their special fort it is to watch; the}' cannot pray or praise. 
 
 And so they should not go to church ; and if they try to follow. 
 Their master should turn right about, and whip them till they holler ; 
 For folks will laugh and look distressed to see a dog at service ; 
 And when it goes up towards the desk, it makes the preacher nervous. 
 
 And when four dogs together come, they make such a commotion, 
 'Tis very likely to disturb the spirit of devotion. 
 But not long since the Methodist another church began ; ^ 
 And now there is but one dog left at the Presbyterian. 
 
 " Bob" Newton now comes all alone ; all others on the list 
 Now go just where their masters go, and have turned Methodist. 
 And now we hope, before 'tis time that church to dedicate, 
 A pleilge to leave all dogs at home, some one will circulate. 
 
 The precedent is very bad, when dogs do so increase. 
 And l)y and by, if all should go, we could not meet in peace. 
 This market is getting stocked with pups, of every kind and size. 
 And if the old dogs go to church, the pups will go, likewise. 
 
 The Moody boys a puppy have, and Charley Watts, another ; 
 And Seymour Locke is keeping one, besides " Ivy," their mother ; 
 And Mrs. Barcus, not content with her nice Black and Tan, 
 Has gone and got a puppy, too ; and now she has a span. 
 
 Then Johnny Nelson got one too, before it was too late ; 
 
 And Mr. Wallace spoke in time to make sure of its mate. 
 
 The Martin boj'S have also two, and Banbury a third, 
 
 And Doctor Kclwards several more ; from some we have not heard. 
 
 Now, if each pup when it's grown up, should go to church each week. 
 
 We could not sing, or hear a thing our Minister might speak ; 
 
 So let each man who has a dog help cur-tail this al)use ; 
 
 But if our dogs must go to church, let's build one for their u.se. 
 
 The Mr. Day who wrote the above poem and prepared the entire paper, 
 was a newspaper man connected with The Advance of Chicago, the organ of 
 the Congregational denomination in the Missi.ssippi Valley States. He was 
 here for his health ; his name was Arthur Henry ; he kept some hens ; and 
 so he was facetiously called "A. Hennery Day." He and Frank W. Greene 
 
DIVISION TWO COLONIAL. I4I 
 
 and a Mr. Fleming " kept bach" in a shanty near where the Garfias house 
 then stood. Mr. Day was afterward the hero and victim of a fearful, 
 calamitous adventure in Eaton Canyon, related by Judge Eaton in Chapter 8; 
 but he recovered, and finally returned to his newspaper work in Chicago. 
 Frank Greene afterward married a daughter of John Werner on Columbia 
 street; he moved from Pasadena to Eagle Rock valley; but in 1894 was 
 residing at Garvanza. 
 
 The second number of The Reservoir was edited by Miss Jennie Collier ; 
 and from its leading editorial I quote this excellent bit of facetire : 
 
 "We hope in another issue to give the exact number of pounds of Mus- 
 cat grapes the Moody brothers raised to the square inch, as well as the exact 
 number of turkeys the coyotes raised from Mr. Watts' barn-yard. We 
 trust that the notice taken by The Reservoir of the triumphs of the colonists 
 in agriculture, literature, poultry-ture, dogra-ture, and bachelor-ture may 
 excite our readers to a laudable emulation in these worthy pursuits ; and in 
 order to stir up an interest in some of these departments we propose to offer 
 two handsome premiums in the next three months. One will be a fine 
 chromo of Mr. Berry's house, taken from the southwest corner, so as to 
 bring out in all their beauty the five varieties of architecture displayed in 
 its construction, with the lean-tos both west and south standing out in beau- 
 tiful relief. The picture can be obtained with or without the fluted 
 columned porch, as desired. The hen-ranch on the slope can be dimly seen 
 circulating in the distance. This exquisitely colored chromo will be pre- 
 sented to anyone who will in the next three months send us the names of 
 six regular contributors to Tlie Reservoir^ accompanied with the written 
 promise of the same over their own signature. We also offer a life-size 
 chromo of Mr. Croft's mules to anyone who will bring to our table an orange 
 raised from a three-year-old seedling, planted on unmortgaged ground and 
 raised without irrigation. It is unnecessary for us to expatiate on the 
 beauties of this far-famed chromo. The graceful attitude of these noble 
 creatures as they stand with ears erect, waiting the word of command from 
 their master, is so life-like and pathetic that all men praise it and children 
 cry for it. Who among you will be the happy possessors of these lovely 
 chromos ? ' ' 
 
 From The Reservoir No. 2 I also copy this dash of wit played off by 
 Miss Collier on the unmarried men of the colony who were "keeping bach" 
 as it was called. 
 
 CO-OPKRATIVE KIT.CHiCN. 
 
 On a chill January day in 1877 the following circular was quietly dis- 
 tributed among the male inhabitants of the colony, by one whose visage was 
 lean and hungry, and whose sunken eyes told a touching story of desti- 
 tution. 
 
 "There will be a meeting of the male housekeepers of Pasadena at the 
 school-house, Friday evening, January — , 1877, to discuss culinary matters 
 with a view to the establishment of a co-operative kitchen. A full attend- 
 ance is desired, and gentlemen are requested to make any suggestions which 
 may help to lighten the burdens now crushing us. — No refreshments. 
 
 "(Signed) 
 
 " T. F. Croft and forty others." 
 
142 HI.STORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The proceedings of this wonderful meeting might have been lost to 
 future generations had not the younger Mr. Martin, who applied for admis- 
 sion on the ground of having been at one time a culinary artist of high stand- 
 ing, been refused, and retiring to the seclusion of the ante-room, by 
 means of a crack in the door and two inches of lead pencil furnished us with 
 the following report : 
 
 "The meeting was called to order at seven o'clock, Mr. Berry in the 
 chair. Mr. A. Hennerj^ Day moved that the Bennett brothers be expelled, 
 as he had been credibly informed that they put potatoes in their bread. 
 Evidently the Messrs. Bennett had been notified of this attack for they 
 hastened to display their credentials in the shape of a letter which the sec- 
 retary proceeded to read as follows : 
 
 " 'We, the undersigned, cheerfully certify that we have eaten some of 
 the bread made with potatoes by the Messrs. Bennett, and were able to 
 attend to our household duties at the expiration of a week after partaking 
 of the same. Yours respectfully, 
 
 Mrs. Erie Locke, 
 Mrs. Jimmie Banbury, 
 Mr. Donnie Pike.' " 
 
 "The president decided, after some deliberation, that the Bennetts 
 should be retained on promise of reform, and the payment of a fine consist- 
 ing of one loaf of bread to each bachelor present. Fred Berry moved that a 
 committee be appointed to submit the names of ladies in Pasadena who were 
 vvilling to loan yeast. Mercer Moody objected, on the ground that this was 
 calculated to interfere with the sale of his patented gopherated bread-raiser ; 
 whereupon one P. G. Wooster arose with indignation in his mien and fury 
 in his eye, and said in broken accents : ' I stand here, Mr. Chairman, the 
 victim of base deception — in the gentleness of my unsuspecting nature I 
 traded one of my duplex-elliptic button attachments to the gentleman from 
 Boston for one of his gopherated bread-raisers, and the first batch of bread 
 rose like a volcano to the tremendous height of two feet and seven inches, 
 thereby taking the roof from my stately edifice and leaving me a homeless 
 wanderer upon the face of the earth.' The gentleman commenced to sit 
 down, and a death-like stillness pervaded the solemn assembly, broken only 
 by a deep sob from Mr. Berry. When the emotion had somewhat sul)sided 
 Mr. Cooley arose and told the chair how he and Dr. Baker cooked rice — -'only 
 a small quantity, Mr. President, — a quart or so,'— and how the stuff swelled 
 and swelled and swelled until they were obliged to turn on the hose to get 
 water enough, and how they filled seven milk-pans, one churn, two wash 
 boilers, three hats, two pairs of boots and one pillow slip. A solemn silence 
 followed this painful recital, broken only by a deep groan from Mr. Berry. 
 Mr. Croft arose, and bending his earnest gaze upon the chairman, said in a 
 voice heavy with emotion : ' My suffering brothers, the remedy for all 3'our 
 evils — indeed, for all the evils of the Pacific Slope, lies in the one word .^^w^. 
 When will humanity learn that .saw-dust and water baked in the lids of 
 yeast powder cans and served hot on the dust pan, will cure dyspepsia, even 
 in a male? I know, Mr. President, for I have tested it — even in two males. 
 And I have mentioned these things before, with no effect. My friend Berry 
 still fries beans for his Sunday dinner, and Day contiiniesto bake buckwheat 
 cakes on a shovel, just as of yore. I leave you to your fate.' The speaker 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. I43 
 
 burst into a flood of tears and rushed from the house, while Mr. Berry wept 
 aloud. Mr. Mitchell arose and said, 'Brethern, I have learned the beauties 
 of CO operation. I roll my clothes down the hill to Mrs. Watson and .she 
 throws me a dozen eggs in return. This is sweet to me, but sweet potatoes 
 fried in butter are sweeter.' " * 
 
 "Here Mr. Berry's feelings so overcame him that Fred, thinking him 
 threatened with an attack of horizontal parallellaries, thought best to re- 
 move him ; so he retired leaning on the arm of his dutiful son, while the re- 
 mainder of the lank assembly dispersed with a dejected air." 
 
 Reservoir No. 5 was edited by Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham, and 
 from its pages I quote the following humorous announcement : 
 
 CONCERT EXTRAORDINARY. 
 
 We are authorized to announce a grand concert to be given by the 
 ladies and gentlemen of Pasadena at an early date, the proceeds to be equally 
 divided between the Pomological Society and the Base Ball Club. The 
 program comprises the most brilliant vocal and instrumental talent of the 
 place, and the mention of performers' names will be sufficient to insure a 
 large and breathlessly appreciative audience. 
 
 The entertainment will be held in Mr. Moody's barn, which has been 
 secured at great expense and is being fitted up in the most dazzling style. 
 The program is as follows : 
 
 Grand opening chorus extraordinary — " I am dying, Egypt, dying," in 
 B flat, by the Pomological Society. 
 
 Solo, " Betsy and I are out," John Pease Babcock. This gentleman is 
 the only artist on the slope who can sing with a meerschaum in his mouth. 
 
 Boarding-house trio, "When the tourists homeward fly," by Mrs. 
 lyocke, Mrs. Banbury, and Mrs. Graham, accompanied by Miss Collier. 
 
 Bass solo, "When the cows come home," by Seymour Locke. If en- 
 cored, Mr. Locke will give that charming ballad, " What is home without a 
 Moody." 
 
 Chorus by the Gilmore family, " Out of the old house into the new." 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Mendelssohn's 59th symphony, "Dead March in Saul, "by the Base 
 Ball Club. 
 
 Solo, "Hush, my babe," from Italian opera of "Nothing to do," by 
 Mrs. Conger, f 
 
 Duet, "Almost persuaded." Miss Annie Clapp and Miss Gilmore. 
 
 The performance will conclude with that tearfully pathetic ballad, "No 
 one to love," by Mr. D. M. Berry. 
 
 The services of Mr. P. G. Wooster of Puckechechuck, Skehowtan 
 county, Maine, have been secured as pianist. Of this musical phenomenon 
 the Boston Globe says : " He has the most unprecedented genuinity of ar- 
 tistic feeling, and extraordinary excessiveness of manual dexterity. Es- 
 pecially was this noticeable in the difficult double run of thirds which oc- 
 curred in the presto of Gordigiani's aria from orcliestral suite in 'D.' " 
 
 We bespeak for this gentleman the most tumultuously enthusiastic re- 
 ception. Admittance 2^^ bits. Children, three for $1. Tickets for sale at 
 
 *This joke was on Rev. J. A. Mitchell, the bachelor pastor of the Presbyterian church. 
 fMrs. Dr. Conger then had in arms her baby Lulu, the second child born in the colonj'. 
 
144 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Post-office, Watson's meat market, and the laundry of John C. Yuen, Esq., 
 lately from China. 
 
 Other numbers of The Reservoir were prepared by D. M. Berry, Clar- 
 ence Martin, and Mrs. Dr. Conger. I found no copy of Berry's or Martin's 
 numbers, and only some fragments of Mrs. Conger's. These latter were es- 
 says of a high order of merit — but not humorous, and not comprising any 
 special points of Pasadena history — hence not quoted. (Mrs. Conger pre- 
 pared No. 4, dated P^ebruary 24, 1877, ^^^^ ^^so No. 8, dated August 3, 
 1878.) 
 
 GRASSHOPPER TALK. 
 
 Charles A. Gardner wrote up a conversation which he heard among 
 " old settlers " about the grasshopj^er trouble in the colony days [1876], and 
 I quote the gist of his article from Pasadena Star of May 15, 1889 : 
 
 vSome one started the question of grasshoppers and a visitation which 
 the colony had endured from them long ago, before Prof. Holder came to 
 scare them away with hard I^atin names. 
 
 Says one, " I've seen the time when I would have left Pasadena if I 
 could have got away." 
 
 " No ? " says the tenderfoot ; " when was that — when you were in the 
 jug?" 
 
 "No, when the grasshoppers got us, ten or twelve years ago. They 
 were as big as blackbirds and ate everything from the ground up." 
 
 " Do you remember," says another, " the fire we built to kill them, and 
 how it got away from us and burned over the sheepherder's land ? " 
 
 " Yes," responded a bald-headed reprobate, who is generally not far off 
 when a pioneer yarn is in the stocks, "and how mad he got about it and 
 threatened to sue us ; kept sending us threatening letters for six months." 
 
 " We started the fire down in Baker's place," resumed the first .sinner, 
 " with the expectation that the road would stop it from the pasture lands above; 
 but it jumped two roads and we had only one more to go. P'inally, by plow- 
 ing ahead of it we got it stopped, and some of the furrows are there yet. It 
 roasted the grasshoppers, you bet, and I remember one day while we were 
 
 looking at the wreck. Doctor said, ' I've often heard of the Indians 
 
 eating them ; I've a notion to see how they taste.' So he reached down and 
 hauled up a fat one out of the cinders, pulled oflf a hind leg and gave it a 
 bite. It was pretty good, and I'm inclined to think they'd make good 
 eating. Well, these fellows were the occasion of my wanting to leave. It 
 seems that it was only a local visitation. They didn't extend down into the 
 lower valley, and if I could have sold out that year I should have gone down 
 to Alhambra. As it wa.s, they destroyed every green thing that was not in 
 .some way protected. Rollings worth had just opened his store then (1876), 
 and I got of him a lot of paper .sacks which I put over my trees, first cutting 
 off the tops of the trees and tying the sack down close around the trunks. 
 But the worst joke happened to Dr. — . lie got some cheese-clolh and 
 wrapped it around his trees, sewing it with long stitches. The stitches were 
 too long, however, for on examination one day he found these tree-covers 
 full of the hoppers, which had crawled through the stitches and were eating 
 up his trees in the very shelter of the covers he had made to keep them off. 
 The Doctor's rage at this knew no bounds. ' Oh, you sons-of-guns ! ' said 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAI,. 1 45 
 
 he, ' didn't I fix it nice for you in there ? Don't those covers keep the sun 
 off of you and make it cool and comfortable ? Wouldn't you like a fan, 
 now, and some ice cream (with sarcasm) ? If you don't see what you 
 want, ask for it. I'm not the man to be backward in the matter of hospi- 
 tality.' And then language failed him and he gave it up." 
 
 THE PREACHER AND WILSON'S WINE. 
 
 John W. Wilson relates the following "old settler" incident. Some 
 time in the Sixties a clergyman from the Ea.st was spending a season at L,os 
 Angeles ; and being strongly " American " in his sentiments, he thought it 
 a good idea to introduce Kast the pure California native American wines for 
 sacramental purposes, instead of the imported French, Spanish or Italian 
 brands usually obtained for that purpose. Accordingly he hired a horse and 
 buggy and drove out to B. D. Wilson's I^ake Vineyard home-place, which 
 had the only large winery then in this section, to sample the wines, " purely 
 for sacramental purposes." He introduced himself and made known his 
 errand to Mr. Wilson, who invited him to stay for dinner. He took the man 
 into the house to wait, while he himself went to give his workmen some 
 directions. When dinner was ready the stranger was seated at table as a 
 guest of the family ; and Mr. Wilson opening a bottle of wine poured out a 
 glass for the visitor first, which he gulped down at once ; then after it had 
 passed around the table, Wilson set the bottle down near the man. He took 
 it up, filled his own glass again and drank it off greedily, .smacking his lips, 
 and remarked with an air of self-importance, "I like that, Mr. Wilson; I 
 like that ! ' ' 
 
 " You do, eh ? " said Wilson, with a twinkle in his eye. 
 
 "Yes, really, I like that! It's a good article, Mr. Wilson! a good 
 article! " 
 
 " Well, you stay with it, and it'll play hell with you before long," came 
 the quick respon.se — Wilson having entirely forgotten that his guest was a 
 preacher. 
 
 STAGE TALENT IN THE COLONY. 
 
 The Daily Star of May 24, 1889, reports a sketch of a little casual 
 gossip between two or three "old settlers " which the reporter heard one day 
 in a private office ; and it contains some historic reminiscences of Pasadena's 
 teething period which are worth preserving : 
 
 "Speaking of social matters," remarked the first gentleman, "I remem- 
 ber how readily we all mixed in those early days ; there were no cliques, 
 but all joined in getting up entertainments and having a good time, and the 
 whole colony went. After the school-house was established on the square 
 — the first school-house, that now does duty as a dwelling on Adella 
 Avenue — we used to meet there for everything, whether it was a minstrel 
 show, a play, a dance, or a church entertainment ; and what jolly times we 
 had ! " 
 
 "Yes," chimed in another old timer, " I remember the first perform- 
 ance of a dramatic kind we had there." 
 
 "Let's .see; I can give you the characters from memory ; there were 
 Miss Ella Gilmore (afterwards Mrs. C. S. Martin), Miss Annie Swan (now 
 Mrs. Wm. Martin), Chas. Bell, Will. Martin, Seymour Locke, Will. Swan, 
 Miss Annie Clapp, Miss Wallace (now Mrs. Croft), and George Clapp. 
 
 10 
 
146 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 They were members of our literary club, atid the drama did not exhaust 
 their intellectual repertoire by any means."* 
 
 " Yes, and there was our minstrel troupe," remarked the first .speaker. 
 "The Pasadena minstrels were known throughout the county. There was 
 Col. Banbury, now the worthy money-bags of the county. He did not dis- 
 dain to play the flute in said orchestra, no more than the proprietor of the 
 Acme, J. H. Baker, stood on his dignity in the matter of twanging the 
 tuneful guitar. Then there was Judge Eaton. One wouldn't think he, 
 too, could blow witching strains from the flute, but in those days he used to 
 do it with the greatest eclat and all that sort of thing pos.sible. C. P. Brown 
 played the viola, and a violinist from Alhambra, whose name I have for- 
 gotten [John Burns], gave us first-rate music on the violin. Whatever 
 reputation Charlie Bell enjoys as a singer and character delineator he mostly 
 gained as ' end man ' in the company of distinguished artists who were 
 wont to delight the entire population of Pasadena in the old school-house. 
 Local gags and songs were generally entrusted to him, and I ha])pen to 
 remember a verse or two of one of the latter that he got off to a rollicking 
 plantation tune in commemoration of a certain hunting episode. It doesn't 
 read very smoothly in cold-blooded print, but as a song with chorus it used 
 to bring down the house. It ran about this way : 
 
 ' ' Have 5^ou seen our rifle team ! 
 Have you seen them shooting ! 
 Markham and Watts make very good shots, 
 But Gilchrist he makes nothing." 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 " Then Baker went to the mountain side, 
 And when he got there — 
 ' Hush ! hush ! tell no one else, 
 And I will kill that bear.' " 
 
 baker's bear. 
 Many of the colonists had such a keen relish for fun that they were 
 much given to turning jokes upon one another. One time it was reported 
 that bears were making nightly visits to a bee ranch up near the mountains. 
 Now, to shoot a bear was the crowning ambition of every man who could 
 hit a barn door at forty paces ; so here was a chance to go on a night hunt, 
 loaded for bear, and a company of three or foitr was .soon made up, with 
 J. H. Baker as one of them. They found shelter in a little cabin near the 
 bee hives and lay down to rest until Mr. Bear should begin to di.sturb a 
 hive, or they should hear his sniffs and footsteps. The rest of the boys had 
 got an idea that Baker was braver in talk than he woitld be in action, 
 and they planned to have a little fun on that line. So after waiting quietly 
 for some time, and all were apparently dropping into a doze, there was a 
 noi.se outside, as the boys had planned, and Baker raised up, moving and 
 stepping as softly as a cat, and said in a mufiled whisper, " H'sh ! h'sh ! /'// 
 kill the bear I'" 
 
 ♦other perrormers in dramatic and min.strel entertainments not named in this list were : F. M. 
 Lippincott. A. L. Carr, W. L. Keith, Jerome Heehe, (leo. and Kred Muehler, K. \\. lleidenreich, C. Swan, 
 \V. O. Swan, Jr., and H. Jones. Miss Velrna Hrown (now Mrs. W. B. Clapp) was the " Jenny I.ind " of 
 those days, and one of her popular songs was " What do birdies dream of? " 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. I47 
 
 No bear appeared that night, and the hunters returned without their 
 game. But they told the story of Baker's cautious "H'sh! h'sh ! V II kill 
 ihe bear .'" and from that time it became a local by -word, applied in all 
 sorts of jocular ways — some of the old settlers using it even yet occasionally 
 as an illustrative figure of speech. And this is the incident referred to in 
 the chorus of Charlie Bell's negro minstrel song quoted above. 
 
 THE N. N. N.'S. 
 
 These cabalistic letters being interpreted meant "Nine Nobby Nig- 
 gers," which was the title of the minstrel troupe formed by the colony boys, 
 just for the fun of it, in 1875-76, some months before Charlie Bell's arrival 
 in 1877. The original N. N. N.'s were ; Clarence Martin, Will Martin, 
 Mercer Moody, Will Moody, Arthur Day, Mr. Breand, Fred Muehler, Sey- 
 mour Locke, Fred lyippincott. This feature and resource of colony fun was 
 kept up for several years, and others took part in it from time to time ; but 
 it was always the " N. N. N.'s" or the minstrel troupe. It is related that 
 even Judge Eaton, Col. Banbury, J. H. Baker, and C. P. Brown occasion- 
 ally helped the boys out by adding their special skill with instrumental 
 music. 
 
 "who killed JE.SSE LEE?" 
 
 This burlesque murder trial occurred in the old original school-house 
 on lower Orange Grove Avenue (where Mrs. Sarah Ware now resides) be- 
 fore its removal up to Fair Oaks and Colorado, and was a "put-up-job," as 
 the boys say — really the most striking piece of grim drollery that occurred 
 in all the colony annals of fun-making. It was a local farce, well contrived, 
 and enacted with excellent dramatic skill. A youth named Jesse Lee was 
 supposed to have been murdered by Mart. Weight ; and he was arrested for 
 this breach of civil order by Frank Lowe, acting as sheriff, with Seymour 
 Locke as deputy. B. S. Eaton sat as judge; P. M. Green appeared as at- 
 torney for the State, and Dr. O. H. Conger as attorney for the accused. 
 The jury was Dr. T. B. Elliott, foreman ; A. O. Porter, J'ohn Lowe, Will 
 Martin (other names not learned). The principal witness was young Mor- 
 ton Banbury, who had found in the Arroyo the skull of some animal. This 
 he produced in court from a bag, and identified it as the skull of Jesse Lee. 
 Dr. J. C. Newton was called as a medical expert ; and he came with wig 
 and gown and solemn face, using a long section or tube of sheet-iron water 
 pipe for a microscope to examine the skull, and determine by the molecular 
 structure of its ultimate particles whether it was veritably bone of man or 
 beast, that question having been vigorously raised by Dr. Conger, the attor- 
 ney for the defense. Young Clarence Martin was also dres.sed with wig 
 and spectacles, and some foreign-looking garments, and was introduced as 
 the eminent savant, Dr. Brown-Sequard. He was sworn as a medical ex- 
 pert, too, and gave a learned disquisilion on "the polariscopistic intussuscep- 
 
148 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 titude of all anthropomorphous sanguineous fluids; wherefore their inflam- 
 matory or semi-tropical exoticity, with non-irrigability in the citrus belt, 
 might depolarize the red corpuscles and become the protoplasmic injectiver- 
 ator of bloody deeds like this " ; etc., etc. 
 
 That may not be the exact language, but it is the substance and style of 
 it. The circumstantial evidence seemed to be winding up tightly about the 
 prisoner at the bar. Dr. Conger made a strong plea for the defense. Then 
 P. M. Green, in closing his argument for the State, exclaimed in eloquent 
 diction : " As a star falls from heaven and is seen no more, so fell Jesse 
 L,ee !" (And after that he was sent to the legi.slature.) 
 
 The jury reported through their foreman, Dr. EUiott, that they could 
 not hang the culprit on the evidence, but he ought to be hung anyway^ on 
 general principles, and they gave a verdict accordingly. The prisoner was 
 pronounced "guilty." The sheriff had his noose and black cap ready, and 
 was about to proceed with the banging. But now Jesse Lee came bounding 
 into court — declared that that wasn't his skull at all ; that his blood cor- 
 puscles were all right ; his citrus belt was perfectly well irrigated ; and there 
 was no bloody deed for all this fuss ; etc., etc. So the case was dismissed, 
 and the court adjourned. 
 
 The part of Jesse Lee was played by Perry Kewen, son of Col. E. J. C. 
 Kewen, who then lived in the historic old stone mill, below the foot of 
 Lake Avenue, which he had fixed up at great cost for a dwelling. Mrs. 
 Kewen was also present. This burlesque trial was the most notable and 
 longest remembered of the many entertainments given by the colony's 
 original "literary society," except perhaps the reading of their first paper. 
 The Reservoir No. i, in which occurred the famous "dog poetry." 
 
 COLONEL BANBURY'S DEKR. 
 
 The story they tell on the Colonel is this. One day word was brought 
 in that there was a deer browsing in the chapparal up toward the mount- 
 ains. Colonel Banbury made up a party to go in pursuit, and with his 
 tru.sty rifle in hand and .seated in a wagon he took the lead. In due time 
 they reached the place, and sure enough a deer was there ; the Colonel saw 
 it and jumped up and shouted, " There it goes / " but entirely forgot his gun 
 and didn't .shoot at all. So this incident became a standing joke on the 
 " Pasadena Rifle Team." 
 
 THE "rifle team" SAW A BEAR. 
 Another of the colony bear stories is thus related. It was learned that 
 bears were nightly stealing honey from the l^ee ranches up near the mount- 
 ains and a party was gathered to go up there and bring down some bear 
 .steak for breakfast. Uncle David Townsend and Charley Watts were of the 
 party, l^esides others not learned. They reached a l)ee ranch calkin after 
 dark and climlied onto its roof to lie in wait and watch for l)ruin's arrival. 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 49 
 
 In due time a great shaggy grizzly came, and went to turning over the 
 hives and feasting himself on the honey. When our doughtj^ hunters saw 
 his formidable size they wilted — kept as still as mice, watched him rob the 
 hives, and let him depart without their ever firing a gun. The fact was, 
 that if they shot the bear and did not succeed in killing him at once but 
 only wounded him, the chances were that he would tear and claw the shantj^. 
 down and kill or mangle every man of them. But the jokers (those who 
 had never faced a wild bear themselves) would have their fun about the 
 " rifle team " watching a bear while he robbed a bee ranch, and not daring 
 to fire a shot at him. It was said facetiously, they didri' t want to hurt the 
 bear ; they only wanted to see the bear and bee circus, which beat anything 
 Barnum ever got up. 
 
 See article on the Mount Lowe Railway, chapter 23, for another "bear 
 story " told by Governor Markham on the " Rifle Team," with himself in 
 the stampede. 
 
 RABBIT HUNTS. 
 
 In 1876-77-78, rabbit hunts were among the sporting events of the 
 colony, in which W. O. Swan, Joseph Wallace, Al. Carr, Charley Watts, 
 Charlie Bell, Will Clapp, Whit. Elliott, and others are mentioned as partic- 
 ipants, with Arturo Bandini as chief director. A sketch in the Star of May 
 29, 1889, speaks thus of this matter : 
 
 " As to hunting," exclaimed another veteran, " I wish you could have 
 enjoyed some of our rabbit coursing. There was no such organization then 
 as the ' Valley Hunt,' but every man kept a hound or other dog, and when 
 our meets occurred, you would see crowds of lyos Angeles people on hand 
 to enjoy the sport. We used to assemble at the twin oaks west of Romayne 
 Williams's present home [Hill Avenue north of Mountain street], and the 
 whole country was then open to us. 
 
 " Fifteen rabbits a day was no uncommon catch ; and we used to stim- 
 ulate the hunters, not by offering such trifling prizes as the animal's tail or 
 a wreath, but something useful, as well as ornamental. For instance, 
 Charley Watts once carried off in triumph a set of harness won as a trophy 
 of his hound's fleetness. Things were run on a substantial basis in those 
 days. Colonel Winston and Arturo Bandini led the heavy hunting squad 
 by bagging the large game — wild cats, foxes, coyotes, bear, etc." 
 
150 HISTORY OK PASADKNA. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Horrors. — NotaUle Crimes, Calamities, Accidents, Storms, Floods, etc., within 
 Pasadenaland. 
 
 VASOUKZ, THE ROBBER. 
 
 The first thing to record for Pasadena under this head is the visit here 
 of Tilnircio Vasquez, one of the most noted bandits of California history. 
 In April, 1874, the colony men were hard at work i^etting their water pipe 
 laid from Devil's Gate down to the Orange Grove reservoir, having con- 
 tracted with Miles & Holbrook of I^os Angeles to furnish a supply of 
 1 1 -inch iron pipe for the purpose, while Judge Eaton took charge of the 
 spring-heads, the sand-liox and the pipe-lining and ditching part of the work. 
 Just after dinner ota April i6th Mr. Miles and his teamster George Osborne 
 were returning down the Arroyo bottom road to I^os Angeles, after deliver- 
 ing a load of pipe to Judge Eaton's workmen up toward Devil's Gate ; and 
 when they had got down in the vicinity of Sheep Corral springs where the 
 old road began to wind through the oak park by a steep grade up to Orange 
 Grove Avenue (just below Wm. vS. Hanaford's place -1894), they were met 
 by Vasquez and four of his gang, all well mounted, and all armed with 
 rifles, pistols and knives, in the most approved and ferocious style of their 
 craft. The men in the wagon were required to halt and throw up their 
 hands ; then to deliver their money. Osborne had none, and Miles had 
 only a little loose change — less than a dollar ; so Vasquez said very politely, 
 " Then, if you please, sir, I will take that watch." Miles hesitated, or pre- 
 tended he had none. Vasquez cocked his Winchester rifle, saying, " No 
 foolishness ! I can't parley with you. Billy Workman's only a few rods 
 down the road after me!" And he began to draw a bead on Miles, who 
 then handed over his watch. [This he recovered after the bandit's final 
 capture.] And at this time the Deputy Sheriff Albert Johnston (not the 
 sheriff, Wm. H. Workman) and his posse were on their trail, less than a 
 mile liehind. 
 
 The outlaws now rode leisurely on up to where Judge Eaton had fifteen 
 or twenty men at work on the colony ditch and pipe-line, near the Richard- 
 son springs; and here were A. O. Porter, P. M. Green, Col. J. Banbury, 
 A. O. Bri.stol, W. T. Clapp and D. M. Berry, besides Judge Eaton and 
 others- all unarmed, .so that the robbers could have taken every watch and 
 every dollar in the crowd. The workmen were .sitting or lying around tak- 
 ing their nooning or after-dinner rest. Eaton, Porter and Green were just 
 coming down afoot from the sand-box, in their shirt-sleeves, and were thus 
 supposed by the robbers to be workmen like the rest and probably had 
 nothing worth taking. As Vasquez drew near he called out to the work- 
 men and told them who he was ; and one of his men who could speak 
 ICnglish well introduced him, assuring them that he was " a gentleman ! a 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 151 
 
 perfect gentleman !" On Orange Grove Avenue they had found two horses 
 tethered and took one of them, which they were leading. The}^ scarcely 
 stopped but rode slowly along the old road up the Richardson gully, then 
 across the Arroyo at Devil's Gate, and up the old Soledad Trail, securely 
 beyond reach of any pursuing sheriff; but here one of their horses fell from 
 the trail down a precipice and was killed. That same night they rode back 
 through Pasadena down to Sycamore Grove, and compelled the man living 
 there, who had a flock of goats, to dress a kid aiKl get up a good supper for 
 them. 
 
 When Eaton, Porter and Green put their coats on to start home, and 
 congratulated themselves on their lucky escape from being robbed, they 
 found that among them all there were three watches and $48 in money 
 which made so close a shave from falling into the robber's hands. 
 
 This was the same day that Vasquez had committed what became 
 famous as the Repetto robbery. He was finally captured a few weeks later 
 at an out-of-the-way house in the mountains near Santa Monica, had a trial, 
 and was hung at Los Angeles. 
 
 A DREADFUL NIGHT IN KATON CANVON. 
 
 Judge Eaton has kindly written out for me the following historic inci- 
 dent : 
 
 "The principal accident that occurred in Colonial days happened in 
 this way : Mr. Arthur H. Day, an employe of The Advaiice, the Congre- 
 gationalist paper of Chicago, conceived the idea of a trip up Eaton Canyon, 
 with two companions as inexperienced as himself.* They started off on foot, 
 packing their grub and blankets on their backs. It was all easy going 
 until they reached "The Falls," distant about three-fourths of a mile from 
 the mouth of the canyon. Here they found a barrier to all farther progress 
 up the bed of the stream. Depositing their packs on the banks thej^ com- 
 menced the ascent of the right bank upon their hands and knees. Arriving 
 on top, a height of 250 feet, they thought to descend again into the creek 
 above the falls. This was a difhcult and dangerous task for men not used 
 to scaling mountains. But they persevered till poor Day made a mis-step 
 and was precipitated to the bottom, spraining his ankle, and breaking one 
 leg square off. After many times trying, his companions succeeded in reach- 
 ing him. Finding that he was utterly helpless, they began a reconnoisance 
 to see how they were going to get him out. Down the canyon fifty or a 
 hundred yards was the falls — a precipice 40 feet in height over which the 
 water was tumbling into a pool 20 feet in width and 6 or 8 feet deep. Over 
 the falls was the only mode of egress in that direction ; turning about, they 
 followed up the canyon where they were soon brought to a stand still by 
 another precipice about 80 feet in height. Either side was bounded by an 
 almost perpendicular wall several hundred feet high. There was nothing 
 to do but contrive some way of letting Day down over the Falls. Fortu- 
 nately they had along with them some pieces of fence rope. With these 
 and some long slender poles they had cut, a ladder was constructed ; but 
 
 *His cotupauions were Kiiio Brenna, a young Italian then living at W.J. Barcus's, and another 
 young man named L,alya— both dead now. 
 
152 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 when dropped down it did not reach the surface of the pool below by 5 or 6 
 feet. It was a frail thinj^ for a man with a broken leg to trust himself to ; 
 but Day had "grit." Dropping himself over, he clutched the rounds, 
 while his companions held the ladder above, and thus let himself down as 
 far as the ladder reached, and then dropped into the pool. He swam and 
 paddled until he reached the shore. ]jy this time it had become .so dark 
 that the mountaineers were unable to find their way out till morning. 
 
 "The provisions and blankets had been left here. Day was able to 
 crawl to them, and there he .spent the night alone. Early in the morning 
 one of the boys came down to my house and told of their mishaj). I imme- 
 diately dispatched a couple of .strong men and a spring wagon to the canyon. 
 Leaving the wagon at the mouth of the canyon, tlie men proceeded to the 
 falls. There they constructed a rough litter upon which they stretched the 
 unfortunate man and carried him to the wagon, and thence to his home. 
 He must have lieen suffering a great deal of pain, but not a groan escaped 
 his lips as he was jolted over the boulders and down the rough mountain 
 road. It was .six months before he could walk again." 
 
 For more about Mr. Day, .see Chapter 7. 
 
 First Saloon Case. — March 30, 1885, Jerome Beebe, who had 
 opened the first liquor .saloon in Pasadena, was tried in justice's court for 
 making threats of bodily violence against L,. H. Michener. District Attor- 
 ney Geo. M. Holton of Los Angeles and H. W. Magee of Pasadena were 
 attorneys for the prosecution ; and Geo. W. Knox of Los Angeles was 
 attorney for Beebe ; andT. P. Lukens was justice of the peace. The result 
 was that Beebe was found guilty, and required to give bonds in the sum of 
 $2,500 for .six months to keep the peace. Mr. Knox tried hard to get the 
 bond reduced, claiming that it was exorbitant, etc. ; but justice Lukens 
 was inflexible and the amount had to stand. Knox afterward laughed 
 over it, and said privately, "O, it's all right. I was told ])y the wholesale 
 liquor men of Los Angeles to tell Beebe not to worr3^ He could have any 
 amount of bail he required. They'd back him." I heard Knox say it 
 myself. 
 
 Cannkry Burnkd. — The first fire calamity of importance in the Col- 
 ony was the burning of Joseph Wallace's Cannery on the night of vSeptem- 
 ber 2, 18S5, (Thomas Banbury's house had burned down a few years be- 
 fore.) The following points showing the disastrous nature of the Cannery 
 fire I quote from the report published in the Valley Union at the time : 
 
 "The building was of wood and con.sisted of a two-story part, 20x50, 
 and a one-story part 16x30. The contents were 10,000 cans of fruit in tins, 
 one and one-half gross cans in gla.ss, 60 cases of la.st year's pack, three tons 
 of evaporated fruit, and two tons green peaches, besides the evaporator and 
 tools of the cannery The fruit includes all of this year's pack and part of 
 last. Mr. Wallace roughly estimates the lo.ss on fruit at $5,000 ; insured 
 for $3,000. There is also $1,000 insurance on the building. Work was 
 nearly through for the season, the cannery being engaged on late peaches. 
 As to the cause of the fire none is known, thougli incendiarism is suspected. 
 * * * The ten thousand cans of tinned fruit niatle a novel feature 
 
DIVISION TWO- COLONIAL. 1 53 
 
 of the ruins ; and they exploded with the heat with low, dull booms, that 
 were still going on at the time of our visit, twelve hours after the fire." 
 
 A NOTABLR ARROYO FIRK. 
 
 The Union of October 9, 1885, reported : 
 
 "A fire started in the Arroyo Saturday morning. 3rd in.st., by the care- 
 lessness of parties living in the Arroyo below Wallace's, and spread thence 
 up the Arroyo, carrying destruction in its wake. It extended up as far as 
 Devil's Gate and above, killing timber and destroying some of the flumes 
 and trestle work of the water companies. It also .spread up the mountain 
 side, burning over most of Mr. Yocum's timber land, and miles of the 
 adjacent mountains, including the water-bearing lands of Painter & Ball, 
 and others. The loss amounts to thousands of dollars, and includes, be- 
 sides growing timber, much wood already cut, among which are thirty cords 
 belonging to J. W. Wilson, and fifteen cords of Painter & Ball's. The dam- 
 age to growing timber is immense, and the resultant effects upon the water 
 supply is still more serious. J. D. Yocum lost $200 worth of cord-wood by 
 the fire, besides much standing timber ; his total loss estimated over $1,000. 
 It came within ten rods of his dwelling, and had to be fought off his build- 
 ings." 
 
 CHINAMP:N MOBBED. 
 
 In 1885 there was a Chinese wash-house on Fair Oaks Avenue below 
 Colorado street, in a rough board building owned by Jacob Hisey ; and one 
 or two houses back of it on Mills street, owned by A. F. Mills, were rented 
 to Chinamen for a store, employment office, lodging-rooms, etc. There 
 were then a great many transient day-laborers in Pasadena, and a good deal 
 of rough talk was indulged in against Chinamen. During the evening of 
 November 6, a large number of men and boys were loafing, smoking, and 
 talking "Chinaman" along the street in front of the wash-house. Three 
 or four Chinamen were at work ironing, with kerosene lamps for light. 
 Finally two of the crowd outside threw stones in at the door or window, one 
 of which hit an ironer at his work, and one struck a lamp, breaking it. The 
 oil was thus spattered over the clothes piled up on the ironing table, and in- 
 stantly the room was all ablaze with flame. The Chinamen fled for their 
 lives out the back way to Mills street, being pursued by a mob hurling 
 stones and sticks and vile imprecations after them. The building was then 
 looted from the rear before the flames got entire control ; and threats were 
 freely made of .setting fire to the Mills street building also, into which the 
 Chinamen had fled for refuge and locked the doors and windows. Demand 
 was made that every Chinaman in town should leave that night or be hung ; 
 and some even began trying to tear down the buildings they were in, so as to 
 get at them. For the rest of the story I here quote from the Unio7i of 
 November 13: 
 
 "After the fire, November 6, a number of men and boys went to the 
 China houses on Mills street, and considerable talk was made of raiding 
 them, but cooler-headed citizens succeeded in quieting the crowd and in 
 giving the Chinese twenty-four hours to leave town. Chief among those 
 
154 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 whose efforts were valuable in preserving order and averting acts of violence 
 were Deputy Sheriff Thomas Banbury, B. F'. Ball, George A. Greeley, and 
 I. N. Mundell, who exerted themselves manfully and courageously in favor 
 of law and order, and happily with success. No buildings were torn down, 
 other than the one referred to, to save the Mullins Block. Of the buildings 
 destroyed Mr. Mills owned only one, and that was the meat market. All 
 these Chinese tenants, both of Mr. Mills and Mr. Hisey, were soon to leave 
 anyway, having made arrangements to go by December i. Mr. Banliury 
 had, ten days liefore the fire, leased them ground for a store and a wash-house, 
 these premises being away outside the town center, and out of the way ot 
 annoying anyone. Mr. Clark, the carpenter, had made arrangements with 
 the other Chinese tenants to erect places for them immediately in the same 
 neighborhood ; thus removing the entire lot of Chinamen from the center of 
 the town. Next morning a citizens meeting was held at T. P. lyukens, 
 office, at which C. B. Ripley presided and Charles A. Gardner was Secretary. 
 The following resolutions were adopted : 
 
 ''Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this community that no Chinese 
 quarters be allowed within the following limits of Pasadena : Orange Grove 
 and Lake Avenues, California street and Mountain Avenue. 
 
 ''Resolved, That the Chinamen now within said limits be given reason- 
 able time to depart ; and that if any have paid rent in advance for premises 
 within said limits, the persons receiving such advance payments be requested 
 to refund same. 
 
 "Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this meeting that no mob-law be 
 allowed in Pasadena, but that everything be done decently and in order ; 
 that the good name of our community depends upon its law-abiding character, 
 and that we will use all necessary means to preserve such character. 
 
 "Signed by P. M. Green, R. Williams, A. Cruickshank, E. C. Webster, 
 W. O. Swan, Jr., James Clark, T. P. Lukens. A K. McQuilling, Byron O. 
 Clark, T. Banbury, I. S. Goldman, Charles A. Gardner, W. E. Cooley, C. 
 B. Ripley, J. W. Wood, Thomas Rigg, M. D., C. Ehrenfeld, S. H. Doolittle, 
 Wm. Pierce, A. F. Mills, W. P. McCoy, T. H. Arthur, J. Hisey, M. Mul- 
 lins, J. H. Fleming, E. T. Dearth, G. A. Greelev, W. W. Doolittle, 
 Wesley Bunnell, Charles IvCgge, John Ball, D. Galbraith, Iv Turner, S. H. 
 Lowe, J. C. Kerr, M. D. 
 
 "The above were fully carried out, the Chinamen have gone, and order 
 reigns." 
 
 KAII^ROAD ACCIDENT. 
 
 In vSeptember, 1886, freight conductor M. E. Griffith was thrown from 
 his train in the Raymond cut and four cars passed over him. The Union 
 of September 1 1 , said : 
 
 " The head was severed completely from the bod}', all but a small piece 
 of skin at the back of the neck ; the left arm also severed from the body, all 
 but a small piece of skin above the elbow ; the right leg below the knee the 
 .same ; the left leg crushed through the thigh, rather than severed. As for 
 the face, it was calm and serene, not in the least disfigured, showing con- 
 clu.sively how terribly sudden his agony was over. The jury rendered their 
 verdict that the deceased came to his death ' by reason of striking a water 
 pipe across the line of the L. A. & S. G. V. R. R. accidentally.' " 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAI.. 1 55 
 
 A Furious Cow. — The Star oi May i8, 1889, says: 
 ' ' A cow having a calf broke away from a band that was being driven 
 to the Union market slaughter-house, and charged eastward at full speed, 
 bent on mischief. On Summit Avenue a child was saved from being run 
 down by running into the house, and on reaching Marengo Avenue the 
 maddened animal saw a crowd coming from the Friends church, where a 
 meeting had been held. She first made for Wilson Kirk (whose wife was 
 hurt by another cow a short time ago), knocked him down, then directed 
 her fury against Mrs. Williams, a lad)' of Modena who was attending the 
 meeting, catching her on her horns and throwing her high in the air. Mr. 
 Kirk was but slightly hurt, but Mrs. Williams was cut in the face and in- 
 jured about the limbs. The next person in the path of the bovine hap- 
 pened to be Jonatlian W. Bailey, one of our venerable and well-known 
 citizens, whom she knocked down and gored, breaking his collar bone, 
 bruising his face, and probablj^ injuring him internally. Mr. Kirk and oth- 
 ers beat off the cow with clubs, when she made for a buggy, but was 
 stopped by a shot fired l)y the herder. Two charges of shot and a bullet 
 from a Winchester were required to bring the animal down. Mr. Bailey 
 was taken into O. Burlingame's residence, and Drs. Grinnell and Dixon 
 called, who dressed his wounds. ' ' 
 
 three; children burned to death. 
 
 The Pasadena Standard oi September 21, 1889, reports : 
 "Wednesday night about half after ten o'clock a hou.se occupied by 
 Mrs. Beaton on Orange Grove Avenue below California street caught fire 
 and burned to the ground. Three little boys, aged three, five and ten 
 years, were burned to death. 
 
 " lyittle Johnny and his sister Mary were asleep in one room, while 
 Willie and the baby were in their mother's bed in the adjoining room. The 
 children had all retired about half past seven o'clock. The mother sat up 
 sewing till after ten, then went up-stairs with a large kerosene lamp, nearly 
 full of oil. She set it down on a box, and went to see if the children were 
 all right in the other room, when somehow not known the lamp fell to the 
 floor and broke, spreading the oil, and instantly the room was all ablaze. 
 She grasped a quilt from the bed and tried in vain to smother the fire with 
 it, getting badly burned herself in the effort. I,ittle Mary, only seven 
 3^ears old, jumped up, called to Johnny, then ran to the window and broke 
 it out with her bare feet and hands, getting them severely cut, climbed out 
 on the little porch roof, and from there into an orange tree and down to the 
 ground. The up-stairs rooms were low, half-story attics, and the blaze of 
 the oil reached to the roof slopes, and caught quickly into curtains, bed- 
 clothes, and hanging-garments. Mrs. Beaton finding it impos.sible to reach 
 the younger children through the doorway, got out on the porch roof to Xxy 
 to break through the other window and so get to them ; but the room was a 
 mass of flame, and she was in extreme agonj^ both from having drawn 
 flame and smoke into her throat and lungs, and mental anguish for her 
 children, so that she sank powerless, and jumped or fell from the roof into 
 Mr. John Withiel's arms, he being the only person who had yet reached the 
 scene. In a few minutes Rev. Geo. P. Kimball got there, then Rev. D. D. 
 Hill and others. But ere this the three little boys were suffocated, and en- 
 tirely beyond reach of human aid, the whole up-stairs of the house being 
 
156 HISTORY OF PASADRNA. 
 
 one volume of intense flame. Mrs. Beaton was carried to Rev. Kimball's 
 temporary residence and has had to have night and day watchers continu- 
 ally. At last accounts she was not expected to live." 
 
 However, the woman did recover. The children had been members of 
 the Congregational Sunday School, and were there in their clas.ses the Sun- 
 day before. The Sunday after, a funeral service was held for them at the 
 church, their charred remains, burnt and crisped beyond all possible recog- 
 nition, having been buried on Saturday. Much censure and reproach was 
 vented upon the fire company in connection with this calamitous fire. The 
 city council therefore appointed a day and sat as a court of inquiry upon 
 the case. It was then proved that the fire company had done all that the}- 
 possibly could under the circumstances, and were in nowise at fault or justly 
 blamable for au)^ part of the dreadful affair. However, it resulted in 
 some additional facilities being provided for fire protection. 
 
 STREET CAR SMASH-UP. 
 
 May 30, 1892, the street car line up Fair Oaks Avenue to Mountain 
 View Cemetery engaged to carry the G. A. R. men and their friends attending 
 the decoration ceremonies of Memorial Day. In the afternoon two cars were 
 loaded full of people at the cemetery, then coupled together and started to run 
 as far down as the Painter Hotel b}^ gravity, without any horses attached. 
 But when about half way down the cars jumped the track, the forward one 
 rolling over down the embankment westward, while the other one was 
 smashed and racked but not turned over. Yet, marvelous to tell, while 
 nearly every man, woman and child on the two cars were hurt in some way, 
 none were killed, and only two cases of broken bones or serious injury 
 occurred. 
 
 LOST IN THE MOUNTAINS. 
 
 November 18, 1893, ^->- C. Winston, Esq., was lost in the mountains 
 north of Pasadena during a snow storm, and perished alone, his body not 
 being found, nothwithstanding the best efforts of experienced search parties, 
 until bj^ merest accident about nine months afterward. Mr. Winston was 
 one of the earliest settlers here, even before the colony, and had been a 
 lawyer and notary public in Pasadena for many years ; while his wife had 
 been a teacher in the public schools much longer than any other person. 
 Hence his loss and death in the mountains was perhaps the most notable 
 calamity in the entire history of the settlement ; and I glean from newspaper 
 reports at the time a resume of particulars of the dreadful case. He was 
 out on a hunting and health trip, in company with Charles Brown of 
 Pasadena and Palmer Reed of Sierra Madre. And now I quote from the 
 Pasadena Slar oi November 23, 1893 : 
 
 "The facts regarding the afi"air, as related by Mes.srs. Brown and Reed, 
 are as follows: About three weeks ago these two getUlemen and Mr. Win- 
 ston went over into the mountains on a hunting and pleasure trip, taking 
 
DIVIvSION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 57 
 
 along plenty of provisions and other supplies, packed on three burros. 
 They made their main camp in a cabin at a point about six miles east of 
 Pine Flats, called Chillao, but after a time moved on six miles farther east- 
 ward and camped in Buckhoru Canyon, one of the tributaries of Rock creek, 
 which runs into the desert north of the Sierra Madre range. Mr. Reed, who 
 is a resident of Sierra Madre, took one or two carrier pigeons with him and 
 one of them arrived home a week ago to-day, bearing the message that all 
 the party were in camp in Buckhorn Canyon, and all well. 
 
 "The next morning (Friday) it began to snow and blow, and the three 
 men immediately made preparations to pack up and start for home. While 
 Reed got breakfast, Winston and Brown went out to hunt up the burros. 
 They kept together for a short distance and then separated, the former going 
 west and the latter southeast. Brown soon found the animals and accord- 
 ing to agreement gave a signal by hallooing. He kept this up until he came 
 back to camp, but there was no response. The two men then fired their 
 guns and blew a tin horn they carried, keeping the signals going until about 
 eleven o'clock, but getting no response. 
 
 "They then concluded that Mr. Winston had kept on in the direction he 
 had started, expecting to find the burros at Chillao cabin, so they packed up 
 and left for that point, arriving about six o'clock in the evening. When 
 they pulled out of Buckhorn Canyon the snow was still falling and had 
 already attained a depth of nearly two feet. Farther west, however, the 
 fall had been lighter and did not obscure the trail. 
 
 "No signs of Winston were found at the cabin and the two men spent 
 an anxious night. Saturday and Sunday they spent in searching for their 
 lost companion, but to no avail, and Monday morning they packed up and 
 started for home, arriving at Sierra Madre Tuesday night at ii o'clock, all 
 worn out and distressed. Brown was hardly able to return this morning 
 with the rescuing party, but he did go. 
 
 " Mr. Brown says that on Tuesday night last Mr. Winston became con- 
 fused as to his location while out hunting and was obliged to remain out all 
 night and wait for daylight to get his bearings. It is a very rough country, 
 and in a blinding storm it is easy to lose all ideas of place and distance. Mr. 
 Winston had a narrow escape some years ago not far from the same camp, 
 when he was out two days and two nights without food." 
 
 That was Thursday. Then Friday's paper said : 
 
 "Two of the best mountaineers in town, Jud Blick and Lew Newcome, 
 started up the toll trail immediately upon the return of Mr. W^inston's com- 
 panions, Messrs. Brown and Reed, yesterday morning ; and this morning 
 another party composed of Palmer Reed, Charley Winston, Charley Brown, 
 Cal Hartwell, Mart. Weight and Frank Grant, left for the summit in one of 
 Wiley & Greely's teams, proposing to take pack animals at the foot of the 
 trail. ' ' 
 
 The next week the paper reported : 
 
 "Two of the men who have been in the mountains since last Wednes- 
 day and Thursday hunting for L. C. Winston returned about noon today 
 after more provisions. They are Charley Winston, a half brother of I^ang, 
 and Jud Blick. The returned men bring no tidings of Winston that affords 
 the least reliable clue as to his whereabouts or his condition. Charley 
 Winston went on home soon after arriving, to prepare several pack loads of 
 
158 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 supplies, with which he will start back tonight. Jiid will go back in a 
 couple of days with another supply." 
 
 Then the Star o{ December 14, said : 
 
 " Messrs. Chas. Brown, Jos. and Grant Griswold, John Ilartwell, A. 
 Leffler and Reney returned yesterday afternoon from their expedition up the 
 Arroyo Seco in quest of L,. C. Winston, bringing no encouraging news what- 
 ever. They made a very thorough search of the main and tributary can- 
 yons as far up as the divide between the headwaters of the Arroyo and the 
 Tejunga, with side trips down the Tejunga and west branch of the San 
 Gabriel, but absolutely no trace of the missing man could be found. The 
 region about Barley Flats was explored also Another small party, headed 
 by one of Mr. Winston's brothers, has gone over to Chillao and beyond, and 
 they will continue the .search in that direction." 
 
 The next report is of date December 20, and says : 
 
 "Another party has been made up to go in search of L. C. Winston, 
 consisting of John Hartwell, Joe and Grant Griswold and Charley Brown. 
 Lou Newcombe is already over on the Tejunga and the others will join him 
 there and all will establish a camp at Chillao, where there is a cabin. They 
 have all been in former searching parties and know the mountains thoroughly. 
 They will go well prepared with provisions and clothing, so that they can 
 weather storms. Those who are not familiar with the trails and canyons of 
 the range should by no means venture into the mountains at this time of 
 year. It is dangerous work for experienced mountaineers, and for others the 
 danger is vastly increased." 
 
 These brief quotations from long articles will show what deep interest 
 was felt and great effort made to find the missing man, dead or alive. Yet 
 not the least clue was found, or heard of him, until the following account 
 appeared, dated Los Angeles, August 16, 1894 • 
 
 " On Tuesday a young man who was hunting in the Little Rock Creek 
 Canyon found the body of the lost man, L. C. Winston. Little Rock Creek 
 Canyon runs into the Sierra Madre mountains up to Mount Waterman, 
 which is the divide between the San Gabriel Canyon and the Little Rock 
 Creek Canyon. A party consisting of J. B. Martin, W. A. Pallette, R. B. 
 Burns, C. Iv Meiggs, Fred Lees and Charles Brossart were camping; and on 
 Tuesday Meiggs took his rifle and went up a little tributary canyon looking 
 for deer. Losing his bearings, he climbed upon a high rock and looked 
 about. As he clambered down he saw what appeared to be a man in an 
 overcoat sleeping alongside a log. As he approached he was horrified to see 
 that the man was dead, the legs being detached from the body, both being 
 some distance away. The bones of the feet were still enca.sed in the shoes. 
 The trunk was wrapped in a heavy overcoat, which was closely l)uttoned 
 and belted. The hat was on the skull, the hair and beard still clinging to 
 the tightly drawn parchment-like skin. An investigation showed that the 
 remains were undoul)te(lly those of Winston, for a cob pipe bearing his 
 name, a bowie knife, also engraved, his watch, a match box and other 
 articles were found in the pockets of the clothes. The body is twelve miles 
 from the nearest house and can only be reached by pack-train in about two 
 days' travel. The campers left the body where it was found, marking the 
 locality so that it could be easily found again, and started at once for the city, 
 
DIVI.SION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 59 
 
 arriving early this morning and going at once to Pasadena, where the Win- 
 ston family was notified. A party of friends of the dead man started at 
 once for the L^ittle Rock Creek Canyon, and will bring back the remains as 
 soon as possible." 
 
 On Tuesday morning, August i6, about eight o'clock, policeman A. O. 
 Bristol was informed by Ernest Meiggs of East Los Angeles that he had 
 found Winston's bod}^ and had come to report the matter. Bristol at once 
 went with him to the residence of W. S. Wright, Esq., and Mrs. Winston 
 with the information. And by noon train Mr. Wright, Mr. Meiggs and 
 Peter Steil .started to recover and bring in the body. They had to go by 
 S. P. Railroad to Palmdale, thence by team twenty -two miles to Pallette 
 ranch on the north side of the mountains, thence by pack mules about 
 twenty miles up Rock Creek Canyon. The spot where the body lay was five 
 or six miles from the camp that Winston had started from, when he got be- 
 wildered and lost in the snow storm ; and it is likely that some of the 
 search parties sent out eight or nine months before had passed within fifty 
 yards of the body without discovering it. August 20, Messrs. Wright and 
 Steil returned to Pa.sadena with the remains. August 21, Coroner Cates 
 held an inquest, with the following jurymen : Ed. Eockett, Thos. Banbury, 
 Samuel Weight, E. A. Mote, B. A. Sparks, Thos. Grimes, Geo. Swerdfiger, 
 S. O. McGrew, and G. W. Benedict, foreman. In his testimony before the 
 jury, W. S. Wright said : "The range on which the body was found is es- 
 timated to be next highest to Baldy in the Sierra Madre range. It is two 
 or three miles north of Waterman range, and is in section 18, township 3, 
 north, of range 10 west." They built a cairn or monument of stones to 
 mark the place, and named it Winston mountain. 
 
 Mr. Winston had long been an honored member of the Ancient Order 
 of United Workmen, and they conducted his burial. They also paid his 
 life certificate of $2,000 to his widow. 
 
 WINERY TANK EXPLOSION. 
 
 October 8, 1894, occurred at Eamada Park one of the most horrible catas- 
 trophes that fall within the province of this history to record. Workmen 
 were engaged at re-arranging .some old and putting in some new apparatus 
 at the winery there. The manager, Albert Brigden, was standing on an 
 old tank, three of which had just been newly placed, testing a stop-cock 
 while the engineer was letting in steam. Adam Schumann, the company's 
 cooper, had warned Brigden that those tanks were not safe ; but he insisted 
 that they were all right, and mu.st be tested to adjust the gauge points for 
 the uses they were to serve. So both men were on the tanks at four o'clock 
 p. m. when the explosion occurred. The Los Angeles Times report of the 
 event .said : 
 
 " Brigden and Schumann were upon a platform over a series of three 
 large wooden casks, or tanks, used in the process of distilling, situated in a 
 
l6o HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 new building which the company had just erected. Mr. Brigden was 
 directly over the first of these tanks, engaged in trying some stop-cocks, 
 the cooper standing some feet away, nearer the central cask. The engin- 
 eer, on the ground below, was engaged in turning into the cask a pressure 
 of steam, indicated on the boiler's gauge as fifty pounds, for the purpose of 
 heating the water in the vessel. vSuddenly, with a loud report, the upper 
 end of the cask blew upward in a cloud of steam and a deluge of boiling 
 water, striking and enveloping both the men on the platform, carrying them 
 to the roof, Mr. Brigden falling to the ground, a distance of .something like 
 twenty feet, and Mr. Schumann lodging on the staging. Mr. Brigden, 
 scalded all over and stunned by his terrific fall, had yet sufficient strength 
 to run to the office, where he called for help to take off his clothing. When 
 this was finally done, and by his direction he had been bathed in oil and 
 wrapped in blankets, the flesh falling from his hands and back, he was 
 carried to his home, over a mile away, where physicians ministered to him 
 up to the hour of his death. " 
 
 Mr. Brigden was a member of John F. Godfrey Post G. A. R. of Pasa- 
 dena, and his burial was conducted by the Post, at Mountain View ceme- 
 tery. He had resided here about fifteen years, and was brother-in-law to, 
 and business partner in the winery with, Hon. J. F. Crank. 
 
 The other man, Adam Schumann, suffered great agony from his injur- 
 ies and lay in a critical condition several weeks, but finally recovered. 
 
 A long li.st of minor accidents, shootings, fires, etc., I had to omit, be- 
 cau.se they would overload my pages with their numerousness. 
 
 STORMS, FLOODS, CLIMIATE, ETC. 
 
 There have been some storm periods, and incidents connected with 
 them, besides occasional extremes of weather, which form historic way- 
 marks in the course of years. And I have gleaned what I could that 
 seemed of enough celebrity at the time to be worth preserving for reference 
 when similar freaks of weather shall occur hereafter. The Centennial His- 
 tory of lyos Angeles County, page 52, says : 
 
 1861-62. 
 
 "At IvOS Angeles, the flood of 1 861 62 began with the rain on Christ- 
 mas eve, 1 86 1, and continued almost without intermission until January 17, 
 1862, on which last day, 3 o'clock p. m., fell tremendous torrents of water, 
 accompanied by loud claps of thunder and vivid lightning." 
 
 The Hi.storical Society's pamphlet, published in 1890, page 36, makes 
 mention of the same storm, thus : 
 
 "The Arroyo Seco, swollen to a mighty river, brought down from the 
 mountains and canyons great rafts of drift-wood that, lodging here and 
 there in the channel of the Los Angeles, formed dams that turned the cur- 
 rent hither and thither, tearing awaj^ the low banks, and spreading the 
 waters still further over the valley, then, breaking away, the drift was 
 carried down and spread over the i)lains below the city. The drift-wood 
 l^rought dinvn by that flood furnished fuel for the poor people of the city for 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. l6l 
 
 several years. It began raining on December 24, 1861, and continued for 
 thirty days, with but two slight interruptions." 
 
 1865. 
 
 Of a severe storm this year Judge Eaton writes : 
 
 "About once a year — generally in the month of February, but certainly 
 during the winter months — we are visited with an electric storm that comes 
 directly over the mountains, but loses its force rapidly as it leaves the base 
 and spreads over the plains. The first of these I ever saw came the day I 
 arrived at Fair Oaks, February 3, 1865. It commenced at sundown, at the 
 close of one of the most perfect days I ever saw. There had been heavy 
 rains and the earth was thoroughly soaked with water. The result was, 
 many of the stalwart old oaks scattered about the ranch were prostrated. 
 This storm lasted about 48 hours and was the worst one I have ever seen 
 in this section. Once since then the storm has repeated itself on the same 
 day and date, but was not so violent. Since the settlement of Pasadena, 
 twenty years ago, there have been but one or two storms that did enough 
 damage to be worthy of notice. 
 
 1880-81-82. 
 
 For the Farnsworth pamphlet, published in 1883, Dr. I. S. P. Lord 
 furnished a valuable article on "Disease and Climate," based on his own 
 weather records and notes as a practicing physician ; and from this I quote, 
 p. 105: 
 
 "January 27, 1888, we had a snow storm, and snow lay on the ground 
 several hours before melting, and was seen on the foothills south in patches 
 the next day. Again, January 12, 1882, it snowed till the ground was 
 white. On the 8th of December, 1881, it blew a gale all night and injured 
 some buildings, etc. There were three hot, sultry nights in 1879, such as 
 they have at the East. * * Ice in the winter of 1882 and '83 attained 
 the thickness of three-fourths of an inch under very favorable circumstances, 
 as direct exposure and shallow water." 
 
 Of the wind storm above noted on December 8, 1881, P. G. Wooster 
 writes : " Although our cottage was well braced and built in the form of a 
 T, my wife did not dare remain indoors, but went out and sat down in the 
 barley patch and held on to the stubble." 
 
 1884. 
 
 1882 and 1883 were " dry years," but 1884 gave destructive floods. 
 The Pasadena Valley Union of February 23 [Saturday], 1884, says : 
 
 " Never in the history of Dos Angeles county has been recorded so 
 great a storm nor so destructive a one as that just passed, and for many 
 years to come the " rain of '84 " will figure as an epoch from which to date 
 important events in our meteorological history. As we went to press last 
 Saturday, our record for the three weeks past shows 19.51 inches for that 
 period, and all Saturday it continued. After dark the fall increased in force 
 and came down in torrents which continued without intermission until the 
 afternoon of Sunday, when a little rest was had ; but only for a short 
 period, for it was collecting renewed energy for another downpour, continu- 
 
 II 
 
1 62 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ing until midnight, when it cleared. No great damage was sustained in 
 and around Pasadena beyond some heavy washes upon the steeper slopes 
 and mesas, although some complain of owning an acre or two of real estate 
 that had been transported from their neighbor's orchards by heavy washing. 
 The most serious damage was done to the main cement ditch beyond John 
 W. Wilson's ranch, about a mile of which was buried in the sand and 
 debris, and about fifty feet destroyed. In the valley everything was flooded. 
 At San Gabriel culverts were partially destroyed, and the plain beyond, 
 embracing the El Monte and Savannah districts were covered with water. 
 * ^^ ^ The Pasadena Central School has been closed during the 
 past week on account of the storm, but will re-open as usual on Monda}^" 
 [Several items through the paper .show extensive rainfall, mudholes, wash- 
 outs, impassable roads and streets at this time.] 
 
 The same paper of March 8th says : "On Monday morning [March 3] 
 began another rain storm that for damage done surpasses the one last re- 
 corded." The storm continued till Thursday, accompanied at intervals 
 with sharp thunder and lightning. The local report continues : "A 
 heavy and deep wash, beginning .south of Mountain Avenue, near Lake 
 Avenue, extended into one corner of the Mutual Orchard Co.'s orange 
 grove, but beyond that shallowing out over a large area, then again cutting 
 heavily wherever the ground has been recently plowed. Farther up the 
 slope, crossing the Crank property, another large wash occurs, extending 
 down through the lands of Clark Maudlin, Henry Wood and Samuel 
 Bundy. On the Gano, Banbury and Woodbury estates, the damages have 
 been very great, and will require thousands of dollars to repair. It is said a 
 double harrow was carried bodily from somewhere about vSwartwout's ranch 
 down to near Villa street. [Over a mile.] This will give an idea of the 
 force of the torrent." 
 
 "Later: About 250 feet of the main ditch on the Lake Vineyard 
 Co.'s lands was washed out by the late storm." 
 
 Again, March 15, the I7?iw?i says : " This season will certainly exceed 
 any previously recorded one, for rainfall. The wet season of 1862 gave this 
 county 36 inches of rain, and not since then has it reached 30 inches. 
 Now we have 35.18, with two or three good months to hear from ; so we can 
 predict from 40 to 45 inches with almost a certainty." 
 
 I remember myself that during 1884 rain fell sometime during every 
 calendar month of that year except September. The Union of October 11, 
 says : 
 
 " A light rain accompanied by thunder and lightning, visited Pasadena 
 on Thursday. At Los Angeles and along the vSierra Madre mountains it 
 rained quite heavily, and an old-fashioned thunderstorm seemed to be rag- 
 ing in the mountains." 
 
 The paper also mentioned generous showers on December 7, 8 and 11. 
 
 WKDDING MUSICIANS SOUSED IN TlIK .\RROVO, 
 
 Wednesday evening, April 9, 1885, a notable and historic wedding oc- 
 curred at the residence of K. F. Hurlbut on Orange Grove Avenue. Miss 
 Jessie Banbury, daughter of Col. J. Banbury, was married to Dr. F. De W. 
 Crank, brother of J. F. Crank, who was President of the first railroad into 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAI,. 163 
 
 Pasadena, and afterward built the great system of cableroads in lyos Angeles. 
 It had been planned to have the marriage ceremony at the M. E. Church, 
 and then a reception at Mr. Hurlbut's, which was the largest and most com- 
 modious residence then in the colony and was freely offered for the occasion, 
 Col. Banbury's family being old friends and neighbors. But a great rain- 
 storm compelled the entire proceedings to be held at the house. The mar- 
 riage service was performeci by Rev. Solomon Dunton, grandfather of the 
 bride. A string band had been engaged to come out from Los Angeles and 
 play, for the wedding guests to enjoy a little dancing. And here is where 
 the romance of history comes into the case. The Pasadena and Valley 
 Union of April 12, 1884, says : 
 
 "When Wangeman's string band, who were en route for the Crank- 
 Banbury wedding, attempted to cross the Arroyo Seco on Wednesday even- 
 ing, the vehicle was upset and the bold musicians were incontinently dumped 
 into the 'raging main.' Being swimmers, they 'swam for the shore' 
 with a will, but minus a valuable violin and a cornet, which they lost in the 
 stream. A city hack happening along opportunely, conveyed them to their 
 destination, their own team being badly damaged. Mr. Hurlbut's old 
 clothes were in demand ; and it was a little funny to observe the musical 
 gentlemen wearing pants twelve inches too long, and coats with the waist 
 seam where the tails should end." 
 
 1885. 
 
 The Valley Union of Saturday, November 20, said : 
 
 " The flumes of the Pasadena lyake Vineyard Land and Water Company 
 at Devil's Gate were washed away by the high waters Wednesday night, 
 and will be immediately re-built at a cost of about $150 to $200." 
 
 1886. 
 
 The Unioji of January 22, 1886, gives this report : 
 
 "The experience of November 18 was repeated January 18 — with a 
 singular coincidence, just two months to a day. Rain had been falling with 
 little intermission for several days, and Monday night there came a crisis. 
 On that day and night fell over four inches of water, and everything was 
 afloat. Great streams rushed through the streets, and at every available 
 point miniature lakes formed, though thanks to the good natural drainage of 
 Pasadena, the chances for the latter were very limited. The storm was 
 severe and IXastern in its character. Good, old-fashioned, orthodox thunder 
 and lightning, such as they wore in our grandmother's days, was startlingl}^ 
 frequent, and reminded the hearer of ' artillery of heaven ' that used to be 
 so favorite an accompaniment of western eloquence. Next morning the 
 trains of our local road, which have become a pleasant feature of Pasadena 
 life, were conspicuous for their absence. They did, indeed, toot a whistle 
 afar off — away up toward Lamanda Park^ — but it was a case of 'thus far 
 shalt thou come, and no farther' — they remained afar off and did not ap- 
 proach Pasadena. The cause was a big vacuum where there ought to have 
 been a road-bed across the ' wash ' about Hill Avenue. This was repaired, 
 but on the same day (Tuesday) washed out again and had to be rebuilt. 
 There was also a washout of the culvert at Marengo Avenue. This did 
 
164 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 not amount to much. Further down the damages were, a cave on the track 
 at the Raymond cut, a similar one at the east end of the upper Arroyo 
 bridge, a washout under the track opposite Sycamore Grove, a big washout 
 at the lower Arroyo bridge, and extensive damage at Los Angeles. The 
 bridge over the river at that place stood, but the approaches to it at both ends 
 were washed away, the largest break being at the north end. From here the 
 turn-table was carried and swept down the river against the Downey Aven- 
 ue bridge, which it weakened so that a part of that structure also gave way 
 and was carried down the stream. In L,os Angeles the track in the yard 
 was washed out and the passenger station undermined and carried down 
 stream, it going against the S. P. bridge, where it had to be broken up to 
 save the latter structure. The loss to the railroad we do not know, but 
 judge that $5,000 would not be far out of the way. 
 
 "Next to the railroad loss, perhaps the greatest injury about Pasadena 
 is to the water companies, whose works in the Arroyo were all at the mercy 
 of the torrent. The flumes of the Pasadena I,. V. h. & W. Company, 
 which were carried away in November, were taken again this time, and 
 will cause the same expense over again that it did before to replace them. 
 The Orange Grove Company also lost some of their iron piping about 
 Devil's Gate. The reservoir near the college broke away, and perhaps 
 others that we have not heard of. Railroad communication with I,os An- 
 geles is thus far suspended, only a construction train running to carry the 
 workmen repairing the breaks. They take passengers for the first time to- 
 day, leaving them at the river. Regular trains will not be resumed until 
 the lyOS Angeles river bridge is made passable, which it is hoped to do to- 
 morrow. No mail came Tuesday, but the stage has since supplied the de- 
 ficiency." 
 
 January 29, the paper said : 
 
 "The mail came up by cars Friday evening, for the first time since 
 Monday (Wednesday and Thursday it came by stage), and was a big one — 
 thirteen bags, the largest ever received here." 
 
 December 14, 1887, a wind storm occurred which blew down Mr. Gould's 
 residence at North Pasadena, then unfinished, although occupied by the 
 family, and some its members were slightly injured. Other damage was 
 done.hereabouts, but nothing serious. 
 
 P. G. Wooster reports from his memorandum of February 29, 1888 : "It 
 hailed just at night. The heavy rain last night did much damage to streets. ' ' 
 
 This year was marked by a grievous visitation of worms ; and the 
 Pasadena Standard of May 11, reported about it thus : 
 
 "They destroyed the tomato, squash and pea vines in our own garden, 
 besides roses, geraniums, verbenas, fuchias and other things in our front 
 yard. It is the California cutworm or W-marked o.wX.'^oxnx - Agrotis clan- 
 destina — described in Matthew Cooke's work as " a naked, greasy looking, 
 i6-legged caterpillar or worm. Order Lcpidoptcra; family Noitiddae. Do 
 their devouring mostly by night." 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 165 
 
 GREAT STORM — FOUR CHURCHES BLOWN DOWN. 
 189I. 
 
 The Pasadena Daily Star of December 11, 1891, said : 
 " Four years ago yesterday there was a storm of exceptional violence. 
 Houses were unroofed and trees blown down, but no great destruction was 
 wrought. L,ast night this section was visited by the hardest blow it has ex- 
 perienced within the memory of the oldest resident. It was the culmination 
 of the storm which began the night before, and it appeared to reach its 
 height between three and four o'clock this morning. The wind came from 
 the north and northwest at hurricane speed, rocking houses, taking off tin 
 roofs and chimneys, threshing the fruit off from trees, bending and breaking 
 down shade trees, driving through the streets and into the houses clouds of 
 fine dust gathered on the wings of the storm as it came swooping down 
 through the Canyada and the mesa at the foot of the mountains." 
 
 The paper then goes on to give a full account in detail of the destruc- 
 tion wrought ; and I have compiled from its report the following table of 
 principal losses : 
 
 Presbyterian chiirch on East Colorado street ; tall, elegant round steeple 
 blown over into the street. 
 
 First Methodist church, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado street ; 
 tall, square steeple with bell in it, blown over on the church roof and crush- 
 ing it down. 
 
 Christian church on South De I^acy street ; all blown down — a total 
 wreck. 
 
 North Congregational chnrch, corner North Raymond Avenue and Jef- 
 ferson street ; total wreck. 
 
 Raymond hotel, tin roof blown off from tower, eight or nine brick 
 chimneys blown down, crashing through veranda roofs, and many windows 
 broken. 
 
 Arcade block, tin roofing torn off, chimneys and iron cornice blown 
 down, and $1,000 worth of heavy plate glass broken. 
 
 Brockway block, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado street ; chim- 
 neys, roofing, skylights, cornices whisked and hurled away into the street, 
 and five great lights of plate glass worth $1,000 broken. 
 
 E. S. Frosf s two-story frame building near the corner of Broadway and 
 Colorado street totally demolished, killing a horse and smashing up two 
 buggies and a valuable bicycle. 
 
 Williams Hall, tin roof torn off. 
 
 Haskins's two-story brick blacksmith and carriage building on West 
 Union street unroofed. 
 
 The Steam Laundry, two-story building on Wilson Avenue and Villa 
 street, a total wreck. Machinery not much damaged. 
 
 Capt. Thornton'' s two-story frame block on South Fair Oaks Avenue 
 went to smash, down across the sidewalk. 
 
 Nine or ten cottages or dwellings were mentioned as blowni down, be- 
 sides many more residences and business houses more or less severely dam- 
 aged ; and yet nobody seriously hurt within Pasadena. 
 
1 66 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 The telephone and telegraph service was of course in a state of wreck- 
 age ; but the railroads did not miss a train. As the damage to buildings 
 and personal property was caused by wind and not by fire, there was no in- 
 surance to recoup any of these losses. 
 
 March 21, 1894, icicles eight inches long were reported at Rev. Mr. 
 Northrop's, 330 North I^ake Avenue, and frost spray all around on the 
 shrubbery, guavas, etc. This was deemed remarkable enough at the time 
 to give it publicity. 
 
 Mr. Harold S, Channing, our young meteorologist, grandson of the 
 eminent Wm. Ellery Channing, D. D., of Boston, prepared the following 
 valuable tables for the Pasadena Star in October, 1894, ^^^^ I copy them 
 here for permanent reference : 
 
 RECORD OF RAINFALL AT PASADENA. 
 
 YEAR 
 
 JAN. 
 
 FEB. 
 
 MAR. 
 
 APR. 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JDLY 
 
 AUG. 
 
 SEPT. 
 
 OCT. 
 
 NOV. 
 
 DEC. 
 
 THE VH. 
 
 1882 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .80 
 1.30 
 •25 
 .00 
 .10 
 .12 
 
 •45 
 9-31 
 .07 
 .00 
 .62 
 .80 
 
 1.70 
 .00 
 
 .89 
 
 7-49 
 
 I^I5 
 
 1. 12 
 
 5^68 
 
 I.43 
 
 ■35 
 
 •05 
 
 3-72 
 
 .20 
 
 .00 
 
 2.73 
 
 3^95 
 2.05 
 •17 
 4.98 
 6.71 
 17.17 
 3^52 
 2.25 
 4-30 
 4-77 
 
 
 1883 
 
 •93 
 6.10 
 1.22 
 7.40 
 
 .19 
 7.40 
 
 .09 
 7.92 
 
 .14 
 1-54 
 7.65 
 1-51 
 
 4-45 
 
 13.21 
 
 .00 
 
 2.32 
 10.66 
 
 1-57 
 1.08 
 2.66 
 10.75 
 3.40 
 2.78 
 .82 
 
 1.80 
 12.99 
 
 •05 
 2.43 
 
 .27 
 5.62 
 8.83 
 
 .90 
 
 .68 
 
 4-23 
 
 9.84 
 
 .96 
 
 .58 
 5.93 
 
 3-00 
 4.11 
 2.33 
 .46 
 .41 
 .60 
 1.84 
 ■25 
 .47 
 •13 
 
 2.36 
 
 •77 
 •33 
 .10 
 .28 
 .00 
 •95 
 .20 
 •73 
 3 94 
 .70 
 .61 
 
 •05 
 1.90 
 .11 
 •05 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 .06 
 
 .00 
 
 .00 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 •05 
 •17 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 .00 
 .20 
 .14 
 .26 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 .62 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 .09 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .04 
 
 •33 
 .00 
 .00 
 .26 
 .09 
 .00 
 .00 
 •85 
 
 14.20 
 46.19 
 14.39 
 18 18 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 20.45 
 27.89 
 
 39-89 
 
 16-54 
 16.53 
 
 i8>:8 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 27.21 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -^L 
 
 4-32 
 
 4-05 
 
 1.67 
 
 •91 
 
 .18 
 
 .02 
 
 .11 
 
 •13 
 
 115 
 
 1.98 
 
 4-38 
 
 23-95 
 
 
 Data furnished by Thos. Nelmes. Computed by H. S. Channing. 
 
 COMPARISON OF THE AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL OF PASADENA AND LOS ANGELES FOR THE P.-\ST 
 TWELVE YEARS, BEGINNING OCTOBER, 1882. 
 
 
 JAN. 
 
 FEB. 
 
 MAR. 
 
 APR. 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JULY 
 
 AUG. 
 
 SEPT. 
 
 OCT. 
 
 NOV. 
 
 DEC. 
 
 THE VB. 
 
 
 3^02 
 
 3-51 
 
 *ii6 
 
 3-76 
 4.42 
 *ii5 
 
 3-42 
 405 
 *ii8 
 
 I-I5 
 1.67 
 ♦140 
 
 •50 
 
 -91 
 
 *l82 
 
 .14 
 
 .18 
 
 .*.29 
 
 .04 
 .02 
 
 *55 
 
 .06 
 .11 
 
 *i83 
 
 •13 
 *100 
 
 .90 
 
 1-15 
 
 *I28 
 
 1.71 
 1.98 
 *ii6 
 
 384 
 4-38 
 *III 
 
 18.67 
 22.41 
 *I20 
 
 
 Ratio of Pasda. to L. A. 
 
 ♦Per cent. 
 
 H. S. Channing, Voluntary Observer. 
 
 The .record for 1884 shows the largest rainfall for any one year of the 
 duodecade ; and December, 1889, shows the largest amount in one month. 
 
 LIGHTNING STRIKES A BARN. 
 1893. 
 
 The first and only record or report of damage done by lightning in 
 Pasadenaland that I found was the case of Banning Bros.' barn, December 
 27, 1893. The Daily Star of that date said : 
 
 " About 4 o'clock this morning, during the sharp thunder storm that 
 was prevailing, an alarm of fire was rung in from the center of town and 
 the department turned out in the driving and copious rain to find that 
 the large barn of Banning Bros, on Walnut street near the Terminal R. R. 
 track was on fire. * * The fire was caused by lightning striking the 
 corrugated iron roof. A resident of that section of town says he saw the 
 bolt strike and that it appeared to split the roof in two parts, and to send up 
 
DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 
 
 167 
 
 as if by the rebound, a ball of fire. The burnt building belonged to Ban- 
 ning Bros., of Los Angeles, and was formerly used for their transportation 
 company stables. Of late it has been leased for storing hay, and at the time 
 of the fire Hammell & Co. had about sevent-five tons of that commodity 
 in it." 
 
 In another article the same paper said : 
 
 " The crisis in the rain storm which set in anew Monday night, was 
 reached about 4 o'clock this morning, when commingled rain and hail 
 poured down fiercely, accompained by wind and sharp thunder and light- 
 ning. It was the most pronounced pyrotechnic display by the heavenly 
 forces we remember to have experienced in Southern California." 
 
 And Harold S. Channing, volunteer observer for the U. S. Weather 
 Bureau, reported upon this same storm thus : 
 
 "The sharp electrical display and hailstorm of 4 a. m. this morning 
 was due to the unusual northward movement of the storm center yesterday 
 off the Southern California coast to Northern California. The storm center 
 passed east of this meridian at 10 a. m. An abnormal fall of .37 inch in 
 barometric pressure occurred yesterday. The total rainfall for the present 
 storm up to 10 a. m. is 2.20 inches." December 27, 1893. 
 
 ORANGE GROVE AVENUE AT CROSSING OF CALIFORNIA STREET, LOOKING SOUTH— 1883. 
 
 This Oak Tree and one other determined the location of Orange Grave Avenue. The first school 
 and school-house, the first postoffice appointment, and the two first churches in the Colony, were all at 
 or near thidkorner, with a view to starting the "business center" here. 
 
l68 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Annals of the Schools. — t'lrst schoolteacher and first pupils. — School buildings from 
 1874 to 1894. — Successive teachers for twenty years. — Successive trustees for twenty 
 3'ears. — The central school lot's public sale, 1886. — Graduates of High School. — 
 Tables of School statistics. 
 
 Our Colleges, etc. — Sierra Madre College. — Pasadena Academy. — Throop Polytechnic In- 
 stitute. — Father Throop Day. — Classical Schools. — Business College. 
 
 List of Pasadena Graduates or Students at State Normal School, State University, Stan- 
 ford University, and Pomona College. 
 
 ANNALS OF THE SCHOOLS. 
 
 The colony settlers of Pasadena were of that class of people who regard 
 puplic schools not as a mere ornamental appendage, but as one of the prime 
 necessities of a civilized community. They were connected with San Gabriel 
 for school purposes ; but measures were taken at once to have a new school 
 district, to be called San Pasqual, created by the County Board of Super- 
 visors. This was effected in August, 1874, and J. Banbury and H. G. Ben- 
 nett were appointed as the first trustees of the new district, and Thos. F. 
 Croft as .school census marshal. They held their first meeting August 27, 
 1874, and organized for business by making J. Banbury chairman, and H. G. 
 Bennett clerk. On September 7, they met again and employed Miss Jennie H. 
 Clapp to teach a school for one month. On Saturday, September 12, 1874, 
 the first school election was held, at which Col. J. Banbury, H. G. Bennett 
 and Dr. W. W. Edwards, received each ten votes — all that were cast — and 
 thus the people had a full board of school trustees of their own choosing. 
 Meanwhile, on September 10, the first school in Pasadena had commenced 
 its work, with only two pupils the first day, Jennie and Jessie, the twin 
 daughters' of Col. J. Banbury ; but in about a week the attendance had in- 
 creased to sixteen. This first school was held in the house of Wm. T. Clapp, 
 on Orange Grove Avenue near California street, being taught by his 
 daughter Jennie — now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver. At the end of the month 
 the school had grown so large as to require more room, and in October it 
 was closed to wait until a school -house could be erected. A rough board 
 structure was built at a cost of about $3.00, on the west side of Orange Grove 
 Avenue a few rods below California street, where Mrs. Sarah Ware's resi- 
 dence now stands. Thos. F. Croft with his historic mules donated the haul- 
 ing of the lumber. The house stood by a great spreading live-oak tree 
 which was afterward unwi.sely grubbed up by the roots to "clear the land." 
 Miss Clapp re-opened the school in this rough pioneer building on January 
 28, 1875, and continued it through that school year. The pupils of that 
 first school were : Jennie Mosher, Charlie Mosher, Lavinia Mosher, Olive 
 
DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. 169 
 
 Eaton, Belle Eaton, Will Eaton, George Eaton, Ben. Eaton, Jennie Banbury, 
 Jessie Banbury, Agnes Elliott, Whit. Elliott, Howard Conger, Florence Ed- 
 wards, Forest Edwards ; Joseph M. Wilson, Belle B. Wilson, children of 
 John W. Wilson ; and Charles and Maggie Wilson, children of John Bunyan 
 Wilson. The Eaton children then resided at Fair Oaks (now Hon. J. F. 
 Crank's place), over three miles from the school-house ; and the Wilson 
 children resided about two and half miles up the Arroyo on the Ea Canyada 
 road. 
 
 For the school year of 1875 76 a Mrs. Rodgers was engaged ; but after 
 two weeks' work her health failed, and Miss Eugenia Rudisill conducted 
 the school through this and the next year — 1876 77. Meanwhile, in the 
 winter of 1875 76 a neighborhood literary society had been formed. These 
 colonists had come together mostly as strangers to each other, from many 
 different sections of the country, and needed some common center for both 
 social and intellectual intercourse and cultivation of acquaintanceship ; and 
 the literar}^ society furnished such a gregarian center for the neighborhood 
 by holding meetings once a month in the school-house. Very soon more 
 room was needed, and the young men of the colony took the matter in 
 hand and built an additional room to the school building. The literary 
 society's meetings were made up of formal debates ; topical papers with 
 discussion following ; recitations, essays, music ; mock trials ; a local paper 
 called "The Reservoir," written up to suit the occasion [See Chapter 7] ; etc.; 
 and there was thus brought out an amount of talent for writing and speak- 
 ing that astonished the people themselves. 
 
 In 1876 the Lake Vine5^ard Colony was commenced on the west side of 
 Fair Oaks Avenue, with E. D. Hollingsworth as the leading figure in the 
 movement for its settlement, as is fully explained in Chapter 5. He intended 
 to build a store and start a trading center or village on the high ground 
 at the corner of Colorado street and Marengo Avenue, because that was the 
 most sightly place for it, but the west side people made earnest appeal to 
 have it not so far from them, but at least on the line between the two col- 
 onies ; and as the population was then mostly on the west side, Mr. Hol- 
 lingsworth yielded the point, and built his store near the corner of Fair 
 Oaks and Colorado street. It was in April, 1875, that the name Pasadena 
 had been ofl&cially adopted ; but even before that a petition was forwarded 
 to Washington for a new postoffice by that name, which was granted March 
 15. 1875, with Josiah Eocke named as postmaster. He declined to serve on 
 the small salary of twelve dollars per year. Then Henry T. Hollingsworth 
 was appointed to the place, and he thus became Pasadena's first bona fide 
 postmaster. This settled the postoflQce to be kept in the Hollingsworth 
 store ; then J. H. Baker moved his colony blacksmith shop from west Wal- 
 nut street down here ; and a Mr. Watson started a meat market ; and other 
 kinds of business began to gather around this point. 
 
lyo HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 The same year, August 8, 1876, Hon. B. D. Wilson donated five acres, 
 right across the street south from the store, to the San Pasqual School Dis- 
 trict for school purposes. The gift was accepted by the district ; and to. con- 
 firm title and make the acceptance conclusive, the school-house on Orange 
 Grove Avenue was, after some natural friction between the two sections, 
 moved November 10, 1876, onto the five-acre lot; and during the school 
 year of 1877-78 Mr. Newell Matthews officiated as principal teacher, with 
 Miss Florence Royce as assistant ; they also held the same positions for 
 1878-79. During the summer vacation of 1878 P. G. Wooster taught a 
 private school in the public school- house. Among his pupils were Sherman 
 Washburn (nephew of S. Washburn, Esq.), Will H. Townsend, Olive 
 Eaton, Nellie Richards, Jennie and Jessie Banbury. 
 
 Meanwhile the settlement had grown so rapidly that the old school- 
 house was entirely inadequate for its purpose; and on March 30, 1878, a 
 proposition to levy a special t^x on the property of the district for $3,500 to 
 erect a new and larger school building was submitted to a popular vote, and 
 was carried almost unanimously, 44 for and only 3 against. Yet it was plain 
 that the tax levy would not provide enough funds to put up a building of size 
 and style and character of rooms suitable for a place that was growing so 
 rapidly in population, and also in outside repute as a place of superior 
 intelligence, culture and good taste. To meet this emergency, a subscrip- 
 tion paper was started for voluntary increase of resources at command of the 
 school board ; and here is a copy which I made from the original paper as 
 still preserved by S. Washburn : 
 
 The undersigned hereby agree to pay to the Trustees of the San Pas- 
 qual School District, within sixty da5^s after date, the sum set opposite our 
 names, for the purpose of building a more commodious school-house than 
 can be built by the tax levied. 
 
 Dated Pasadena, California, June loth, 1878. 
 
 S. Washburn Ca.sh $100.00 
 
 M. H. Weight Labor 25.00 
 
 J. F. Crank. ..Will raise tax to 100.00 
 
 J. Smith... I will make my tax up to 100.00 
 
 J. Banbury... In work $30, or cash 20.00 
 
 H. T. Hollingsworth 25.00 
 
 Charles Eeggc.In work 25.00 
 
 Mills Bros... Will raise tax to (Labor) 20.00 
 
 David Townsend 25.00 
 
 L. D. Hollingsworth i5-oo 
 
 P. W. Hollingsworth Work i5-oo 
 
 J. H. Baker 10.00 
 
 T. Banbury... Raise tax to 20.00 
 
 S. E. Locke Work 20.00 
 
 F. Lowe Labor 20.00 
 
 O. H. Conger... Will raise tax to 50.00 
 
 P. G. Wooster Work 1500 
 
DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. I7I 
 
 A. K. McQuilling lo.oo 
 
 E. Turner I^abor or mone}- 10.00 
 
 Jos. Nelson lo.oo 
 
 Newell Matthews...'. Cash $25, Bills $5... 30.00 
 
 E. Millard Labor lo.oo 
 
 Newell Matthews Cash 20.00 
 
 R. Williams L/abor 10.00 
 
 F. M. lyippiucott Ivabor 10.00 
 
 Geo. Miller I^abor i o. 00 
 
 Frank Heydenreich Labor 10.00 
 
 D. Printz 10.00 
 
 Capt. S. Jones 10.00 
 
 James Blattenberg Labor 10.00 
 
 Geo. P. Clark Labor 15.00 
 
 Arthur A. Knox Labor 5.00 
 
 J. R. Giddings Labor 5.00 
 
 C. W. Bell Labor 5.00 
 
 J. Beebe Labor 5.00 
 
 Joseph Wallace Labor i5-oo 
 
 The good work went forward, and by the end of the year a handsome 
 two-story building with rooms separate for different grades, and crowned 
 with a suitable bell, was ready for use. And Mr. Matthews and Miss 
 Royce had the honor of inaugurating the new temple of learning.* The 
 historic little old original school-house was sold and moved off the grounds ; 
 it served various uses till finally most of it was incorporated in a cottage 
 built by R. Williams on South Fair Oaks avenue — and in the ' ' boom time," 
 [1886], this cottage was sold and moved to a lot on Adella Avenue, where it 
 still stands as No. 407 — the residence of Joseph Yates, in 1894. But 
 another portion of it forms the main body of a cheap cottage, now No. 20, 
 on Mills street, t 
 
 Meanwhile, during the fall of 1877, the people at the south end of 
 Pasadena, thinking the San Pasqual School at too great a distance, and de- 
 siring to have more immediate control in their own school matters, began 
 to agitate the question of having a new district. The movement succeeded, 
 and in January, 1878, the " Pasadena School District " was formed, includ- 
 ing that portion of the settlement south of California street and west of 
 Fair Oaks Avenue, to the north line of Los Angeles city. On March 5, 
 1878, the first school was opened in a building owned by C. B. Ripley, and 
 standing at the summit of the grade, or hill on west Columbia street, now 
 the Charles Foote place. A five-acre lot at the corner of Sylvan Avenue 
 and Columbia street was soon purchased of A. O. Porter, for school pur- 
 poses. 
 
 *May 21, 1894, J. W. Vandevort presented the City Council with a photograph of our First City Hall 
 (the old Central School building), and S. Washburn presented the original subscription list which 
 enabled that building to be erected, in 1S76. The relics were properly cased and hung on the wall of the 
 Council room. 
 
 fAfter this chapter was written, J. A. De Hay bought this part of the old colony school-house and 
 moved it down to his home place on Waverly Drive. 
 
172 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The first term of the school was taught by Miss Bessie Harris, of San 
 Jose. The next term by Miss Fannie Carroll, of Pasadena. During the 
 summer of 1879 a small building was erected near the above lot, as a tem- 
 porary school-house. Miss Lucy Newell, of Santa Clara, taught that year. 
 In the fall of 1880 Miss Minnie Joslyn, of Orange, began the term, Mr. C. 
 H. Case, of Pasadena, continuing it till Christmas, when Mr. R. B. Warren, 
 of Orange, took the school for the remainder of the year. He was suc- 
 ceeded again by Mr. Case. [For further history of this school, see Chapter 
 
 35-] 
 
 On the ist of January, 1883, a new postoffice called Hermosa was 
 granted to these South Orange Grove people, with F. M. Glover as post- 
 master — the office being located at northeast corner of the school lot ; and 
 in 1884 Mr. Glover was succeeded by C. H. Case as postmaster. [See 
 Chapter 35.] 
 
 In 1883-84 a large, fine school building was erected on the summit of 
 their school lot, now known as " Columbia Hill," at a cost of about $4,000. 
 In 1885 this building and its magnificent grounds were given by the di.strict 
 to the "Sierra Madre College," the people hoping thereby to secure per- 
 manently in their midst a higher institution of learning. The college 
 struggled along in hard straits for two years and finally failed, with heavy 
 debts encumbering all its property, and to pay which it was at last sold. 
 The place was bought, and building altered, enlarged and reconstructed by 
 its present owner, making the fine and sightly residence of Chas. D. Dag- 
 gett, Esq., on Columbia Hill. 
 
 In 1884 the population had increased to such numbers that two new 
 school-houses were built at a cost of $4,300 for the two — one at Monks Hill, 
 and the other on East Colorado street, corner of Hill Avenue. An article in 
 the Valley, Union of March 8, 1884, said: "The school census of Pasa- 
 dena for 1883 showed an increase of over fifty per cent on the census of 
 1882, and the attendance for this school year (1883-84) shows the same in- 
 crease over last year, so that we have in October, when our schools are fairly 
 commenced, about one-fourth more pupils than we have funds provided for, 
 and at the clo.se of the school year we have three pupils to provide for with 
 the funds designed for two."* To meet these necessities for the time, a 
 special tax was voted by the district. School grounds at Monks Hill were 
 donated by Painter & Ball, and a small building was erected thereon. 
 These grounds were afterward exchanged for the present more suitable 
 location, where the nine-room "Washington School" now stands. But a 
 lot for the Colorado street school had to be bought outright, and cost $175. 
 Each building was planned to accomodate about eighty pupils, from first to 
 sixth grade, although .seats for only half that number were put in at first. 
 
 *An official report showed 222 pupils in school during the year, with 160 as the aver.Tge attendance 
 per month. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 
 
 173 
 
 Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I. Stuart of Pasadena] was teacher at Color- 
 ado street, and Miss Hannah Ball [now Mrs. F. R. Harris of Pasadena] at 
 the Monks Hill school. These two houses were designed and built by 
 Ridgway & Ripley, and were first occupied in January, 1885, after the holi- 
 day vacation, the schools having been opened a few months previously in 
 temporary rooms. 
 
 All through this year, and for two years following, the teachers were 
 embarrassed with difficulties of a peculiar nature ; for in addition to the rapid 
 increase of population, there was a large contingent of winter visitor pupils. 
 And the new-comers, both permanent and transient, were of all sorts ^nd 
 grades, from all sorts of schools — ^ranging in quality from the poorest of re- 
 mote country districts in the mountains or in the South, up to the highest 
 type of graded schools in the great eastern cities ; and thus it was extremely 
 
 "^l\ 
 
 WASHINGTON SCHCXJL. 
 Architectvire, American. Erected 1888. Cost $25,000; 9 rooms; 450 seats. 
 
 hard to grade them satisfactorily to pupils or parents. Also, the rooms 
 were overcrowded, the teachers overworked, the apparatus and supplies, 
 such as globes, wall-maps, blackboards, reference books, charts, etc., greatly 
 short of what were daily needed. Such were some of the difficulties 
 which K. T. Pierce had to struggle with continually during the last three 
 years of his arduous administration ; yet he laid the foundations good and 
 firm for better things in after years, the credit of which has often been mis- 
 takenly given to others. In May^ 1884, he published a statement showing 
 
174 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 what the school law called for that was impossible for him and his co- 
 teachers to fulfill, and made this appeal : " We must, however, have more 
 than eight months in which to accomplish the work that is given for ten 
 months." 
 
 In 1885 Chas. Turner and Maria Vischer gained the highest percentage 
 in scholarship of any pupils in Los Angeles county. And in 1886 Ernest 
 Byram gained first, and Agnes Elliott second, rank in the county. 
 
 In May, 1885, Edward S. Mosher took the school census of the district, 
 and reported as follows : Number of white children between five and seven- 
 teen years of age, 459 ; number of census children, 460 ; number under five 
 years of age, 147 ; number attending private school, 23 ; not attending any 
 school 146 ; native born children (all ages), 559 ; births during the year, 13 ; 
 foreign born children, 27 ; negro children, i. 
 
 Jul}^ 9, 1886, principal Pierce published in the Valley Union a school 
 report, giving grade and class rank of each pupil in the several schools. 
 
 During this year the matter of removing the school building to some 
 point less exposed to the stir and confusion of a business center was decided 
 upon. And besides, the original school grounds donated by Hon. B. D. 
 Wilson, had become so valuable for business lots that their sale would cer- 
 tainly yield funds to buy a more eligible site and erect a much larger and 
 better arranged building. It was necessary, however, to get written consent 
 from the heirs of Mr. Wilson, before any sale of these lands could be made 
 with good title, as they had been given to the district specifically "for school 
 purposes." This consent was readily obtained ; and the district agreed that 
 the large new school building to be erected from proceeds of the sale should 
 be named the "Wilson School," as a perpetual memorial to the original 
 donor of the lands. This matter being settled, the school-house was moved 
 eastward a few hundred feet to a west frontage on Raymond Avenue ; * the 
 grounds surveyed and staked oflf into 35 business lots, with convenient alley- 
 ways running through, and arrangement made for a public sale of the lots 
 on March 12, 1886. The following table shows the buyers of lots and the 
 price paid for each, at this great sale : 
 
 AUCTION SALE OF SCHOOL LOTS, MARCH 12, 1886. 
 
 LOT NO. PURCHASER. PRICE PER FT. TOTAL. 
 
 I — M. H. Weight $148 00 $3,700 00 
 
 2 — Will C. Defriez loi 00 2,525 00 
 
 3 — John Burns 100 00 2,50000 
 
 4 — E. S. Frost 87 GO 2,175 00 
 
 5 — E. S. Frost 8300 2,07500 
 
 ♦This building was still used for .school purposes until the new "Wilson School" was ready. But the 
 Union of Aug. 26. i§fi6, .said : " School opening is delayed till the 20th of September by the moving of the 
 building." It was afterward leased by the city as a City Hall for a term of years. Its next use was as a 
 colored people's church. Then it was lea.sed and fitted up for a gyninasiuiii by the Athletic Club. But 
 iu 1894 it was sold to I'honias Banbury and moved away to make room for a fine brick block ; and it now 
 stands at the corner of Hair Oaks Avenue and Glcndale .street, where it has been shorn of its bell lower 
 and made over into a nice dwelliug-house. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 175 
 
 IT NO. PURCHASER. '' PRICE PER FT. TOTAL. 
 
 6 — M. Fish 80 00 $2,000 00 
 
 7 — M. Fish 70 00 1,750 00 
 
 8— J. Hisey 66 00 1,650 00 
 
 9— D. Parker 55 00 1.375 00 
 
 o — Adam Becker 51 00 1,275 00 
 
 I— C. A. Gardner 51 5° 1.287 50 
 
 2— W. W. Mills 50 00 1,250 00 
 
 3— W. G. McCaldin 4900 1,22500 
 
 4— J. W. Vandevort 5000 1,25000 
 
 5— J. G. Miller 50 00 1,250 00 
 
 6— J. G. Miller 61 50 1,537 5° 
 
 7— J. G. Miller 67 00 1,675 00 
 
 8— E. C. Webster 55 oo 1,375 00 
 
 9— S. Washburn 50 00 1,250 00 
 
 20 — Fred Swift 44 00 1,100 00 
 
 21— C. A. Steele 43 00 1,075 00 
 
 22— C. A. Steele 37 00 937 00 
 
 23— K. C. Webster 33 00 82500 
 
 24— E. C. Webster 26 00 650 00 
 
 25 — A. Tower 24 50 612 50 
 
 26— A. Tower 24 50 612 50 
 
 27— A. Tower 24 50 612 50 
 
 28— A. Tower 2450 612 50 
 
 29 — Edwin Ward 25 00 625 00 
 
 30— Tom Hoag 61 50 i,537 5° 
 
 31— Tom Hoag 46 50 1,162 50 
 
 32 — Tom Hoag 45 00 1,125 00 
 
 33 } Reserved for Town Hall purposes, and the 
 
 34 \ school-house was moved onto them. 
 
 35 — Free Library (by Abbot Kinney, presi- 
 dent ; this was where the original Eibrary 
 building then stood) 1 70 00 
 
 Total $44,772 00 
 
 This was a great historic day in our school history. Among these lots 
 was the entire frontage on the south side of Colorado street from Fair Oaks 
 to the Santa Fe railroad, and on both sides of Raymond Avenue as far 
 south as the north line of the present postoffice building — lots where some 
 of the best business blocks of the city now stand. 
 
 The school trustees at this time were H. W. Magee, A. O. Bristol and 
 S. Washburn, with E. T. Pierce as school principal and superintendent and 
 clerk of the board ; and these changes of school site, choice of new grounds, 
 planning for new buildings, etc., imposed an immense amount of labor and 
 care upon them. In a few weeks they called for competitive plans and 
 specifications for the new Wilson school building. Nine different architects 
 sent in plans under fictitious names, with their real names in sealed en- 
 velopes. These different plans were all exposed for public inspection and 
 opinion two days (May 4-5, 1886) in a large vacant room over the Va//e^ 
 
176 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Union printing office — the frame building on alley opposite rear of the 
 Natural History store, and famed in later years as the "Cheap John res- 
 taurant," or "blind pig," with illicit whisky kept hidden under the floor, 
 etc. The estimated cost by the competitors varied from $15,000 to $30,000. 
 When the trustees came to vote on their preference among the nine different 
 plans submitted. Magee and Bristol favored the one signed "Justitia," 
 which proved afterward to be Harry Ridgway of Pasadena, but Washburn 
 preferred the one signed "A point within a circle," which on opening the 
 
 ■U< 
 
 
 WILSON HIGH SCHOOL. 
 Architecture, Italian. Ivrecled 1S87. Cost feo.oco ; 10 rooms ; 425 seats. 
 
 sealed envelopes proved to be J. M. Stewart of San Diego. How- 
 ever, no action could be final in the matter until approved by the county 
 superintendent, who was at this time J. W. Hinton. He examined the 
 plans carefully in detail, and decided that as a whole for size and style of 
 building, size and placing of rooms, arrangement for ventilation and light, 
 for egress in case of fire, the chaste and elegant external appearance, etc. — 
 the plan by Mr. Stewart was the preferable one. The trustees finally con- 
 curred in this view, and steps were taken at once to erect such a building — 
 the one now known as the Wilson High School. 
 
DIVISION THRKE — BRAINS. 
 
 177 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing narrative that the years 1886-87 were 
 crowded with difficulties, transitions and changes in the school interests of 
 Pasadena. In the autumn of 1887 the fine, new Wilson School building 
 was first occupied. At the close of the school year 1887-88, the trustees, 
 for the first time in Pasadena, ventured to authorize the expense of a full 
 printed report, in pamphlet form, on the school work and business of the 
 year. This report is signed, H. H. Markham, president ; A. O. Bristol, 
 clerk ; Z. Decker,— school trustees ; and E. T. Pierce, city superintendent. 
 And from it I here quote some passages of permanent historic interest : 
 
 "The past year, that of 1887-8, has doubtless been the most trying 
 in the history of our schools. At the opening of the fall term it was evi- 
 dent that our school facilities, though much more ample than ever before, 
 
 GARFIELD SCHOOL. 
 Architecture, Anglo-Teutonic. Erected, 1888 ; cost $22,000; 7 rooms ; 375 seats. 
 
 were entirely insufficient to accommodate the great increase in attendance 
 incident to our rapid growth as a city.* A vacant store on South Fair Oaks 
 Avenue was rented and two teachers were employed to take charge of the 
 primary pupils living in that vicinity. The corps of teachers at Monks Hill 
 was doubled, and thirty-six more seats were placed in the main room of the 
 Wilson School. Thus all the available space at the command of the school 
 officers was utilized. Nevertheless, after the winter holidays, it was found 
 necessary to hold 'double sessions ' in no less than ten departments." — 
 School Report, page 3. 
 
 "At the close of last year it became evident that, in view of our rapid 
 growth, to be Superintendent of Schools, act as Principal of the largest 
 
 *When the Wilson school building, with lo rooms, and to cost 130,000, was being planned for, some 
 citizens talked vehemently against it as a piece of extravagance and folly— and said, " We won't need so 
 big a school house for ten years yet." 
 
 12 
 
1 78 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 building, visit the teachers in their rooms and direct their work, teach the 
 graduating class, receive parents and visitors, examine and grade the large 
 number of new pupils, act as Clerk of the School Board, and perform such 
 other duties as that Board might direct, exceeded the powers of any one 
 man. It was therefore thought by the board wiser and more economical to 
 employ a Principal for the Wilson School, and leave the Superintendent 
 free to attend to the many duties incident to his office. Mr. Herbert Pinck- 
 ney was the Principal employed." — School Report, page 4. 
 
 " By the completion of handsome and commodious buildings in the 
 northern and southern parts of our city, each of which will be thoroughly 
 graded, and managed by an experienced Principal, with an able corps of 
 teachers, our schools will assume the character properly befitting a well 
 organized city system." — School Report, page 9. 
 
 [This refers to the "Washington School " in North Pasadena, and the 
 " Garfield School" on California street.] 
 
 Some of the statistics of that year I thought worthy of preservation 
 
 here for future reference and comparison : 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 1 Enrollment for the year -^ ^.^jg g^g 
 
 2 Total Enrollment i,354 
 
 3 Number of days Taught 175 
 
 4 Number of days Attendance 148,472 
 
 5 Number of days Absence 10,667 
 
 6 Number of days Tardinesses 2,960 
 
 7 Average Number Belonging 909 
 
 8 Average Daily Attendance 849 
 
 9 Percentage of Attendance on Average Enrollment 93 
 
 10 Average Number of Pupils Enrolled by each Teacher 85 
 
 11 Average Daily Attendance per Teacher 53 
 
 SOME COMPARISONS WITH LAST YEAR. 
 
 School Census, May, 1887 8301 j^^^^^^ -^^ ^^^ ^ 
 
 " " " 1888 2,030/ ^ 
 
 Total Enrollment, 1S86-7 703 | increase in one year 651 
 
 " 1887-8 1,354/ 
 
 Average Daily Attendance, 1886-7 ... 446 | increase in one year 403 
 
 " " " 1S87-8 ... 849 ) ^ 
 
 Average Number of Teachers employed, 18S6-7 9 
 
 1887-8 16 
 
 Total " " " 18S7-8 18 
 
 Number of Teachers holding Double vSessions 5 
 
 The total amount of funds in control of the school board that year was 
 $118,234.04. Their total expenditures, including new buildings, etc., were 
 $63,965.48 ; leaving on hand a balance of $54,268 56. Five pages of item- 
 ized details are given, to show how the money was used ; and a comparative 
 summary of the regular school service expenses is given, thus : 
 
 Amount paid for Teaching, 1886-7 I 5>93^oo 
 
 Amount paid for Teaching and Superintendence, 1887-8 12,696.09 
 
 Amount paid for Janitors, Fuel, Supplies, and Incidental Expenses, 
 
 1886-7 1,300.00 
 
 Amount paid for Janitors, Fuel, Supplies, and Incidental Expenses, 
 
 1887-8 2,026 99 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 1 79 
 
 This showed an increase of $7,481.08 for running expenses in one year; 
 and hence parties who took little pains to investigate the matter accused the 
 school board and superintendent of folly, extravagance, peculation and mis- 
 management. These accusers even went so far the next year as to circulate 
 a paper demanding an investigation, naming a committee to conduct the 
 same, and agreeing to contribute $100 for expenses thereof. But only three 
 signatures were obtained to it, and the whole thing fell flat, although the much 
 talk about it at the time did a good deal of mischief. [See school report for 
 1889-90, pages 18 and 19, for further particulars in this matter.] In view 
 of these things, the school board published a table showing that Pasadena's 
 school expense per pupil in attendance was only $10.50, while in ten other 
 cities named it averaged $27.83 per pupil. And many facts about increase 
 of district, with new buildings required, etc., were given, to show how and 
 why the expense account had to be rapidly increased. 
 
 The year 1888-89 was a sort of breaking-up and transitional period. 
 Z. Decker, R. Williams and C. W. Buchanan were the trustees. The city 
 of Pasadena became incorporated in 1886, and there was an undecided 
 question of law as to whether the territory included within the city limits 
 must be regarded and administered as a new and separate school district, or 
 whether there was still only one district the same as before. Heavy school 
 expenditures were necessarily going on both inside and outside of city 
 limits, the validity of which was called in question ; and also an unfortun- 
 ate public strife grew up over the retention of certain principal teachers. 
 These things together made this really the most trying and worrying year, 
 to those in charge of the school, of any one year in our school history ; 
 and personal animosities were engendered which have in some cases hardly 
 worn away 3^et. The streets were filled with rumors and accusations of bad 
 management or wrong-doing by the school officers ; and yet, in every in- 
 stance where such charges were made specific enough to be met, they were 
 shown to be based upon the most frivolous and sometimes ridiculous mis- 
 apprehension of what had been done or what had not been done, and the 
 reasons therefor in either case. There was no printed pamphlet report this 
 year. Prof. Pierce had engaged to take the principalship of the State Nor- 
 mal school at Chico the succeeding year, and would therefore retire from 
 the Pasadena work at the close of this school year ; and with the many 
 cares and special difficulties of the situation at this time, he found it wholly 
 impossible to do the clerical and literary and press-overseeing work neces- 
 sary for such a publication. I mention this, because he has been misjudged 
 and unjustly blamed in the matter. His successor, Will S. Monroe, bore 
 this testimony: "When I took charge of the schools one year ago, I 
 found them in good condition. Efficient work had been done by my pre- 
 decessor, and the foundation had been laid on a broad, practical basis." 
 
 The Annual School Report for year 1889 90 gives some account of the 
 double-district case, thus : 
 
l8o HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 PASADENA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT. 
 
 This district was originally a part of the San Pasqual school district, 
 which covered the city of Pasadena and left outside of the city limits the 
 remainder of the San Pasqual district. When the city was incorporated in 
 1886, that part of the territory which comprised the city should have been 
 set off as a separate school district, as provided by law ; but no steps were 
 taken in that direction. In 1S89, when it was discovered that a mistake 
 had been made and that two districts had been voting for one set of trustees, 
 the District Attorney and the Attorney -General decided that a set of 
 trustees must be appointed for each district. These two boards of trustees 
 met in joint session and conducted the school business so that no trouble 
 was experienced. Special teachers were employed by both districts, and 
 their salaries equitably divided between the two ; and thus affairs went on 
 until the San Pasqual district was added to the Pasadena city district, 
 which was the only legal consolidation that could take place. The school 
 district is now identical with the old San Pasqual district, but called the 
 Pasadena City School District. 
 
 From various parts of the same document I gather a few items. It is 
 mentioned that loi visits to class-rooms were made by trustees during this 
 year, whereas a total of only 131 similar visits had been made during the 
 preceding fifteen school years. In regard to the State law which requires 
 school children to be vaccinated the report says : four physicians of the city 
 donated their service as inspectors, and reported 426 pupils examined by 
 them who bore evidence of previous successful vaccination ; 727 pupils 
 presented lawful certificates of vaccination ; 43 presented physicians' cer- 
 tificates stating that after due effort it was found that successful vaccination 
 could not be produced ; and two or three pupils whose parents opposed 
 vaccination were withdrawn from school because it was required. The 
 school census of 1890 showed a decrease of 387 from that of 1889 [the 
 "boom" had collapsed]; and the total number enrolled was only thirty- 
 nine less than the full census report. "The average daily attendance of 
 pupils for the year ending June 30th, 1889, was 11 36, and the total expend- 
 itures the past year, $32,507.00, thus making the cost of educating each 
 pupil $31-37/^." The financial report of this year for the first and only 
 time, gave the accounts of the Pasadena City District and the San Pasqual 
 District separately. Geo. F. Kernaghan served as clerk or secretary and 
 made up the reports this year. 
 
 From the School reports for 1890 91, I glean sundry matters to pre- 
 serve for future reference, or comparison : 
 
 THE PASADENA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT. 
 
 The boundaries of this district comprise not only the city of Pasadena 
 in its entirety, but extend on the west to the Linda Vista hills, on the north 
 to and .some distance into the mountains, on the east to Allen Avenue, and 
 on the south to the boundaries of the city, where they join those of South 
 Pasadena, and thence eastward a little south of San Pasqual street to Allen 
 Avenue. The district contains a population of about 7,000 people. [1S91.] 
 
DIVISION THRKK — BRAINS. l8l 
 
 Nativity of Pupils. — As showing the character of this population, 
 the appended statistics of the nativity of the pupils in attendance upon our 
 schools will be read with interest as well as pleasure : Arizona, 3 ; Arkan- 
 sas, 2 ; California, 181 ; Colorado, 7 ; Connecticut, 9 ; Delaware, i ; Illinois, 
 124; Indiana, 42 ; Iowa, 208 ; Kansas, 72 ; Kentucky, 2; L,ouisiana, 5 ; 
 Maine, 15 ; Maryland. 4 ; Massachusetts, 43 ; Michigan, 40 ; Minnesota, 
 21 ; Missouri, 33 ; Mississippi, 3 ; Nebraska, 30 ; Nevada, 7 ; New Hamp- 
 shire, 5 ; New Jersey, 6 ; New York, 49 ; North Carolina, 2 ; North Dakota, 
 2 ; Ohio, 74 ; Pennsylvania, 83 ; Rhode Island, 3 ; South Dakota, 6 ; 
 Tennessee, 1 ; Texas, 21 ; Vermont, 9 ; Virginia, 5 ; Washington, 4 ; West 
 Virginia, 5 ; Wisconsin, 34 ; Wyoming, i ; Idaho, i ; Indian Territory, i ; 
 New Mexico, 2; Canada, 39; England, 19; Scotland, 9; Germany 7; 
 Italy, I ; Switzerland, 2 ; Australia, i. 
 
 High School. — On June 24, 1891, the electors of the district by an almost 
 unanimous vote, adopted the high-school provision submitted by the last 
 legislature. During the year five different professors in the State University 
 visited the Pasadena schools ; and near the close of the year notice was re- 
 ceived that Pasadena had been placed on the accredited list. Hence, from 
 this time forward graduates of the Pasadena High School would be admitted 
 to the State University, or the Stanford University, without preliminary ex- 
 amination. Hon. Delos Arnold donated to the High School a classified 
 collection of 200 Pacific coast marine shells, a starter for a scientific museum. 
 As this was the first year of the High School, I give a list of its teachers : 
 
 Will S. Monroe, City Superintendent Science. 
 
 James D. Graham Mathematics and Science. 
 
 Mrs. Theo. Coleman English and History. 
 
 Ellen F. Thompson Eatin and English. 
 
 L. E. Evans German and French. 
 
 W. P. Hammond Book-keeping and Penmanship. 
 
 Hattie C. Stacey Music. 
 
 Marie A. Ney Drawing. 
 
 A special effort was made this year to raise the standard of scholarship 
 among the teachers ; and to show what had been reached in this line the 
 following table is given in the year's report : 
 
 Number teachers employed, including Superintendent 34 
 
 ' ' graduates California State Normal Schools 6 
 
 " " of other State Normal Schools 16 
 
 " " of special Professional Schools 3 
 
 " " of Colleges 5 
 
 " who have taught from I to 5 years 4 
 
 " " 5 to 10 years 13 
 
 " " " 10 to 15 years 12 
 
 " " " 15 to 18 years 5 
 
 " holding High School certificates 4 
 
 " " Grammar Grade certificates 23 
 
 " " Primary certificates 4 
 
 " " Special certificates 3 
 
1 82 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The following is a summary of current expenses for the year : 
 
 Insurance [on $66,500 valuation] $ 644.42 
 
 Repairs 679.03 
 
 Labor [including for election board, $45, and for washing 
 
 towels, $74.70] 281.13 
 
 Fuel and Water 854. 1 2 
 
 Rent [Opera House for graduating exercises] 20.00 
 
 Teachers' Salaries 26,537.49 
 
 Janitors' Wages 2 , 339. 50 
 
 Printing and Stationery 200.10 
 
 School Supplies, Books, etc 691.73 
 
 $32,247.52 
 J. W. Wood served as secretary this year, and also during 1891-92. 
 The school year of 1891-92 was one of unusually quiet, easy-going smooth- 
 ness. There were no strifes or contentions to mar the harmony of the work, 
 although the problem of how to reduce expenses without impairing the 
 efficiency of the school service was deeply pondered by the board of trustees 
 and others who took a lively interest in educational matters ; and some 
 reduction of salaries was made. The school census this year showed an 
 increase of 339 over the previous year. On April 15th, 1892, a special tax 
 of $10,000 was voted by the district, and this was expected to supply the 
 deficiency from State and county funds for the ensuing three years. The 
 total of teachers' salaries and general expenses for the year was $32,783.82, 
 being $530.30 more than the previous year. An item worth mentioning is, 
 that x3Ut of twelve High School graduates of 1891, eleven were already 
 enrolled in higher institutions of learning. At the close of this school year 
 Superintendent Will S. Monroe retired by resignation ; the office of city 
 superintendent was abolished, and James D. Graham was employed to take 
 charge as "supervising principal " for the ensuing year. 
 
 The year 1892-93 had some points of note, and I quote from the offi- 
 cial report: "The year of 1892-93 marks a new era in the workings of 
 the public schools of this city. The lines along which it was decided to re- 
 trench were the offices of superintendent and special instructors in music 
 and drawing, the duties of supervision being transferred to the principal of 
 the High School, and the work of music and drawing being done by the 
 regular teachers." 
 
 The schools this year prepared an exhibit of their work for the great 
 Columbian World's Fair at Chicago. The national program for Columbus 
 Day was observed in all the schools, with a detail of old soldiers from John 
 F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R., taking part in the flag-rai.sing and other exer- 
 cises at each school. And in the observance of Memorial Day this year 
 the children for the first time took part in decorating the soldiers' graves. 
 It is noted in the report that the number of tardinesses had been reduced l)}^ 
 nearly 300, and corporeal punishment had been almost entirely abolished. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 
 
 183 
 
 The High School had 123 enrolled (ten more than any previous year) and 
 graduated a class of sixteen — and this, notwithstanding that many former 
 pupils had gone to the Throop Polytechnic institute. |W. U. Masters 
 made up the secretary's report for this year, Mr. Wood being absent. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES. 
 
 Class op 1890 — Effie Bye, Walter Carrothers, Florence Hay, Eudora 
 Kirk, Bertha lyandreth, Fred Scares. 
 
 Class op 1891 — Hal F. Bishop, Annie L. Brush, Winifred C. Cald- 
 well, Rennie W. Doane, Carlton E. Durrell, Roy D. Ely, Katherine Gard- 
 ner, William H. Einney, Alva D. McCoy, Kate Eouise Nash, Eeonora 
 Schopbach, Carl C. Thomas. 
 
 Class of 1892 — Ethel W. Bishop, E. E. Chambers, Ida M. Hampton, 
 M. Mae Henderson, Eunice Hazel Hodgson, J. PauU Fife, Roy M. Gray, 
 Ida M. Mellish, Dora E. Moody, Kate A. Mosher, Mary S. Mosher. Frank 
 G. H. Stevens, Winifred Webb. 
 
 Class of 1893— George H. Baldwin, Volney H. Craig, John W. Craig, 
 Ruth Daggett, Harold W. Durrell, Harry D. Gaylord, Ralph A. Gould, Joseph 
 E. Grinnell, Ina Goodwin, Maud F. Jones, E. Eouise Kernaghan, J. Em- 
 mett Eouthian, Abbie Eouise Marstou, Gale McCoy, Mabel E. Prentiss, 
 Anna M. Reid. 
 
 Class of 1894 — Literary — Eugenia Boynton Henderson, Edith Eouise 
 Hill, Grace Eongley, Alice Palmer Marston, Marie Markham, Mary Scott 
 Ogden, Mary Moulton Parker, Nettie Underwood, Eillian Eva Whiton, 
 Bessie Horton Yocum, Marcia Jessie York. Scientific — Irving Cowan Allen, 
 Ralph Arnold, Charles Frederick Buchanan, Charles Edward Groesbeck, 
 Archelaus Price, Wacil Randall, John Speer Stevenson, May Wright. 
 
 Class of 1895 — Literary — Mary Eouise Fish, Edna Gearhart, Myrtie 
 Euella Hamilton, Grace Elizabeth Machin, Mabel Schopbach, John Calvin 
 Kelso, Wallace Sprague Woodworth, Elbert Hubbell Shults, Fred Chaffee 
 Nash, Alexander Craig, Benjamin Edwin Page, Charles Harold Briggs, 
 Joseph Grant Yocum, Edward Burton Dwight, Neal Keely Traylor, Frank 
 M. Wellington. Scientific — ^Ada Emma Palmateer, Bertha Annette Smith, 
 Eaura Edith Higley, Frances Eeah Wadey, Eulu Augusta Bixby, Ruby 
 Eouise Breed, Sara Anne White, Eeon Caryl Brockway, Henry Aaron Doty, 
 Frank B. Coleman, Herbert Forest Brown, William Charles Doane, Donald 
 McGilvray, Archibald McClure Strong, Joseph Marx, Eewis Freeman, 
 Charles Matthew Coleman, Percy Nicholas Gibbings, Benjamin Overfield 
 Lacey. 
 
 The following tables of school statistics, expenditures, etc., in success- 
 ive years are valuable for reference : 
 
 YEAR 
 
 RESOURCES 
 
 EXPENDITURES 
 
 AVERAGE DAILY 
 ATTENDANCE 
 
 AVERAGE COST 
 PER PUPIL 
 
 i88Q-qo 
 
 $35,599 03 
 33,041 09 
 
 33,745 59 
 40,527 21 
 33,270 26 
 
 $32,507 00 
 
 32,247 52 
 32,783 82 
 30,770 80 
 34,129 48 
 
 1,036 
 
 1,059 
 1,108 
 1,167 
 1,352 
 
 $31 37 
 30 45 
 29 59 
 26 36 
 25 25 
 
 iSoo-qi 
 
 i8qi-q2 
 
 1892-93 
 
 i8q^-94 
 
 
IS4 
 
 HISTORY or PASADENA. 
 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885, 
 1 886 
 1887, 
 1 888. 
 1889, 
 1890, 
 1891, 
 1892. 
 
 1893. 
 1894 
 
 1895- 
 
 SCHOOL 
 CENSUS 
 
 133 
 139 
 160 
 
 274 
 363 
 460 
 
 527 
 844 
 2033 
 1776 
 1388 
 I4I2 
 1739 
 1835 
 2043 
 
 2413 
 
 ENROLLMENT 
 
 61 
 
 85 
 IT7 
 
 222 
 
 278 
 
 394 
 
 703 
 
 1354 
 
 1687 
 
 1427 
 
 1437 
 1469 
 
 1644 
 1862 
 
 AVERAGE 
 DAILY 
 
 ATTENDANCE 
 
 40 
 
 54 
 
 76 
 
 100 
 
 155 
 205 
 
 254 
 446 
 
 849 
 1 133 
 1036 
 
 1059 
 1 108 
 1167 
 1352 
 
 TRUSTEES 
 
 O 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 lOI 
 
 1^3 
 112 
 
 154 
 158 
 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 52 
 
 50 
 
 46 
 
 161 
 
 121 
 
 128 
 
 800 
 
 700 
 
 1840 
 
 978 
 
 mo 
 
 1243 
 648 
 
 SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 
 
 NAME 
 
 DATE OF 
 ERECTION 
 
 COSTf 
 
 NO. OF 
 ROOMS 
 
 SEATING 
 CAPACITY 
 
 Wilson SchoolJ (High School) 
 
 1887 
 1888 
 1888 
 1888 
 1884 
 
 $30,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 22,000 
 
 25,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 7 
 9 
 2 
 
 425 
 400 
 
 375 
 
 450 
 
 76 
 
 Lincoln School, East Walnut street 
 
 Garfield School, West California street 
 
 Washington School, North Pasadena 
 
 Grant School, Bandini Avenue§ 
 
 The Grant school was originally built at the corner of Colorado street 
 and Allen Avenue, and afterward moved to its present location on Bandini 
 Aven«ue. In 1884 the first school building was erected at North Pasadena, 
 with two rooms, and seating capacity for seventy-four pupils, at a cost of 
 $1,200 — and was called the "Lincoln School"; but when the present fine 
 nine-room building superseded it and was named " Washington School," 
 the name " Lincoln " was transferred to the eight-room building on Walnut 
 street w^hich had previously been called the "Wilson Primary School." In 
 1888 a one-room school building costing $700, with capacity for twenty-five 
 pupils, was erected at Linda Vista by the Land Company operating there, 
 and named the "Jackson School." P'or two years it was provided with a 
 teacher by the district board, but in 1891 a special tax for it was voted 
 down, and no teacher has been sent there since. 
 
 The school census for 1894, ^s compiled by Secretary F. P. Boynton, 
 shows a remarkable increase over the preceding year, as follows : 
 
 No. of white children between 5 and 17, 1981 ; same last year, 181 1. 
 No. of negro children between 5 and 17, 62 ; same last year, 24 ; total 
 number of children between 5 and 17, 2043 ; same last year, 1835. No. of 
 
 *The school census of 1S95 showed 3068 native-born children ; 117 forcigu-born ; and 591 children 
 who had not attended any school, either public or private, during the school year. 
 
 •fThe furnishing is not included in these figures. 
 
 X" The fine new flag purchased by the pupils of the Wilson School was hoisted to the flag-staff for 
 the first time on Wednesday, by Miss Mamie Thompson, granddaughter of " old John Brown, Ossawat- 
 amie Brown." — Pasadena Standard, June i, tS8g. 
 
 ?See article on "Bandini Avenue" for explanation of how it happens to be called Michigan 
 Avenue. 
 
DIVISION THRKE — BRAINS. 
 
 185 
 
 children under 5, 806 ; same last j^ear, 781. No. of children between 5 and 
 17 who attended public school during the year, 1520; same last year, 1368. 
 No. of children between 5 and 17 who attended private school, 116 ; same 
 last year, 95. No. of children between 5 and 17 who have not attended any 
 school, 407 ; same last year, 372. No. of native-born children, 2763 ; same 
 last year, 2500. No. of foreign-born children, 86; same last year, 116. 
 Total No. of children in district, 2849 ; same last year, 2616. 
 
 The increased number of census children (a gain of 208 over that of 
 last year) entitles the district to three more teachers. 
 
 A report at Christmas time, 1894, said : 
 
 "There are now 197 enrolled in the High School, forty-seven in the 
 senior class, of whom thirty are young men, and seventeen young ladies, a 
 condition unusual in High Schools. The five buildings now occupied by 
 
 LINCOLN SCHOOL. 
 Architecture, Old IJnglish— Elizabethan type. Cost $20,000 ; 8 rooms ; 400 seats. 
 
 the Public Schools are fine specimens of architecture and are capable of seat- 
 ing about eighteen hundred pupils ; but with the exception of the Washing- 
 ton, are filled to their highest capacity. The entire enrollment is 1765." 
 
 LIST OF SUCCESSIVE HEAD TEACHERS. 
 School Years. 
 
 1874-75. Miss Jennie H. Clapp, now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver of Pasadena. 
 1875-76. Mrs. Rodgers two weeks [fell sick] ; Mi.ss Eugenia Rudisill. 
 1876-77. Miss Eugenia Rudisill. [Returned east.] 
 1877-78. Newell Matthews and Miss Florence Royce, in new Central 
 
 School building. [See pages 170, 171, 172.] 
 1878-79. The same teachers. [Mr. Matthews is now one of the firm of 
 
 Matthews & Bosby shell, hardware and implement dealers of Eos 
 
 Angeles.] 
 1879-80. G. C. Hall* and Miss Royce. 
 
 ♦Present place not learned. 
 
l86 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1880-81. Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, principal, with Miss Royce and Mrs. Eliza- 
 beth M. Winston as assistants. [Mrs. Carr still resides in Pasadena — 
 retired.] 
 
 1881-82. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Winston [same as Mrs. L>. C. Winston], prin- 
 cipal, and Miss Royce, assistant. 
 
 1882 83. Orin N. Raney, principal, with Mrs. Winston and Miss Royce as 
 assistants. [Mr. Raney is now secretary of the Security Title Insurance 
 and Abstract Company of Southern California, at I^os Angeles.] 
 
 1883 84. Edward T. Pierce, principal, with Mrs. Winston and Miss Royce 
 for assistants. [At the close of the year Miss Royce retired and became 
 Mrs. H. R. Case, now of Westminster. Mrs. Win.ston also retired, for 
 domestic reasons.] 
 
 1884-85. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant. 
 
 1885 86. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant. 
 
 1886-87. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant. 
 
 1887-88. E. T. Pierce, superintendent of schools; Herbert Pinckney, prin- 
 cipal of the Wilson Grammar School. 
 
 1888-89. Pierce and Pinckney, same. [Prof. Pierce is now (1895) principal 
 of the State Normal School at Los Angeles, and member of State Board 
 of Education. Mr. Pinckney got married and went back East.] 
 
 1889-90. Will S. Monroe, superintendent of schools ; Chas. E. Tebbetts, 
 principal of High School. 
 
 1890-91. Wilis. Monroe, superintendent; James D. Graham, principal of 
 High School. 
 
 1891-92. Monroe and Graham same. [At the close of this year Prof. Mon- 
 roe resigned and entered for an undergraduate course of study at Stan- 
 ford University.] 
 
 1892-93. James D. Graham, principal of the High School and supervising 
 principal for the district. • 
 
 1893-94. James D. Graham, same. 
 
 1894-95 James D. Graham, same. 
 
 SUCCESSIVE PRINCIPALS OF THE DIFFERENT SCHOOLS. 
 
 JVi/son Gramfnar School. — Herbert Pinckney, 1887 88 89. Chas. E. 
 Tebbetts, 1889-90. James D. Graham, 1890-91-92-93-94 95. 
 
 Wilson High School. — Chas. E. Tebbetts, 1889 90. James D. Graham, 
 1890-91 92 -93 94 95. Mrs. Theodore Coleman, vice-principal, 1893-94 95. 
 (Mrs. Coleman had been vice-principal of the Wilson Grammar School in 
 1888-89 90.) 
 
 Lincoln School. — [Formerly called Wilson Primary vSchool.] Mrs. Clara 
 A. Burr, 1889 90. C. W. Hodgson, 1890 91 92 93 [then went to take a 
 course of undergraduate study at Stanford University]. G. W. Strominger, 
 1893-94. Mrs. Frances S. Burt, 1894 95. 
 
 Garfield School. — A. L. Hamilton, principal from 1888 till 1893. Will- 
 iam W. Payne, 1893-94. [Mr. Hamilton, in fall of 1893, took the depart- 
 ment of mathematics in Tliroop Polytechnic In.stitute.] G. W. Strominger, 
 1894-95. 
 
 Washington School. — Miss Hannah Ball [now Mrs. F. R. Harris of 
 Pasadena], 1884 85. Miss Carrie Hill, 1885 86 87 88. B. V. Garwood, 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 187 
 
 1888-89. W. H. Housh, 1889-90-91-92. I,uther G. Brown, 1892-93- 
 
 94-95-* 
 
 Grant School. — Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I. Stuart of Pasadena], 1884- 
 85. Miss Pauline Wright, 1885-86-87. Miss Helen Crittenden, 1887-88. 
 Caspar W. Hodgson, i888-8g 90. ly. L. Evans, 1890-91. Charles C. Hill, 
 1891-92. Wm. B. Frackleton, 1892-93-94-95. 
 
 Jackson School. — [lyinda Vista] Lydia A. Burson, 1S89-90. Ella G. 
 Wood, 1890-91. [In June, 1891, a proposition for a special tax of $6000 to 
 buy the school -house property at Linda Vista and for other purposes, was 
 rejected by a popular vote ; and thereafter no teacher was sent by the school 
 board to that point.] 
 
 TABLE OF SCHOOL TRUSTEES BY SUCCESSIVE YEARS. 
 
 1874-75. Col. J. Banbury, Henry G. Bennett, Dr. W. W. Edwards. 
 
 1875-76. P. M. Green, Banbury, Bennet. 
 
 1876-77. P. M. Green, Edson Turner, A. O. Porter. 
 
 [After the removal of the original school-house from Orange Grove 
 Avenue and California street, up to Colorado and Fair Oaks, in November, 
 1876, Green and Porter resigned, and on June 30, 1877, L. D. Hollingsworth 
 and I. B. Clapp were elected to fill the vacancy. Meanwhile a movement 
 was in progress to have a new district created south of California street, and 
 I. B. Clapp resigned, S. Washburn being appointed, November 15, 1877, to 
 fill the vacancy ; and the new district was duly authorized by the county 
 board in January, 1878.] 
 
 1877-78. Edson Turner, E. D. Hollingsworth, S. Washburn. 
 
 1878-79. Turner, Hollingsworth, Washburn. 
 
 1879-80. Washburn, Hollingsworth, Col. J. Banbury. 
 
 1880-81. Washburn, Banbury, B. F. Ball. 
 
 1 88 1 82. Washburn, Ball, Banbury. 
 
 1882-83. Washburn, A. K. McQuilling, Dr. Lyman Allen. 
 
 1883-84. Washburn, McQuilling, Allen. 
 
 1884-85. Washburn, McQuilling, H. W. Magee. 
 
 1885-86. Washburn, Magee, A. O. Bristol. 
 
 1886-87. Washburn, Magee, Bristol. 
 
 1887-88. Bristol, Hon. H. H. Markham, Z. Decker. 
 
 1888-89. Decker, R. Williams, C. W. Buchanan. 
 
 1889-90. Buchanan, C. F. Holder, George F. Kernaghan. 
 
 [In the spring of 1890 it was discovered that by the creation of the city 
 of Pasadena in 1886, carved out from the old San Pasqual school district, a 
 new school district was thereby created, comprising the same territory as the 
 city ; but this was not understood at the time, and hence the proper legal 
 steps were not taken to comply with the law until a judicial ruling was had 
 in 1890 upon some unsettled points. At that time two of the trustees 
 resided within the city, and the third, C. W. Buchanan, outside. The 
 county superintendent therefore appointed W. S. Wright as the third man 
 within the city district ; and R. Williams and M. D. Painter for the outside 
 
 *Mrs. E. M. Winston, of the Washington School, taught in our public school in 1SS0-81, and was her- 
 self the principal in 1S81-82. In 1884 she retired for a season ; but as she held a life certificate she was 
 called in occasionally to fill transient vacancies. In 1S91-92-93 she was ready for regular service again, 
 and taught those two years in the Wilson Grammar School. In 1893-94-95 she was in the Washington 
 School, and was here when the dreadful calamity occurred of her husband perishing in a snowstorm in 
 the mountains. Another teacher in this school in 1893-94-95 was Mary E- Thompson, a granddaughter 
 of the historic " Old John Brown " of Kansas and Harper's Ferry fame. 
 
l88 HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 district. The two boards worked together to keep all the schools going on 
 without any break or jar, the same as before ; and in a few months the legal 
 consolidation of the two districts was again effected, under the name of 
 "Pasadena City School District." Then Trustees Wright, Williams, Painter 
 and Holder resigned, leaving one vacancy for the consolidated district ; this 
 was filled by the appointment of E. E. Spalding ; so Buchanan, Kernaghan 
 and Spalding constituted the full board for the time.] 
 
 1890-91. C. W. Buchanan, Hon. A. G. Throop, J. W. Wood. 
 
 1891-92. Buchanan, Wood, W. U. Masters. 
 
 1892-93. Buchanan, Masters, F. P. Boynton. 
 
 1893 94. Masters, Boynton, Calvin Hartwell. 
 
 1894 95. Hartwell, Boynton, Hon. Delos Arnold. 
 1895-96. Hartwell, Arnold, E. A. Walker. 
 
 During the school year 1894 95, the school attendance was so large 
 that it was found necessary to divide the primary schools into half-day sec- 
 tions, so that one section could be in school during the forenoon only, and 
 the other section during the afternoon — and even then the rooms were 
 crowded, especially at the Lincoln School. To provide for this difficulty 
 it was decided to erect two more school-houses, one in the northeast and one 
 in the northwest portion of the district. And accordingly on May 27, 1895, 
 $40,000 of school district bonds were voted for this purpo.se. The vote 
 stood : For the bonds, 302 ; against, 22. For the east school %i lot 300x400 
 feet, at corner of Lake Avenue and Walnut street, was bought for $4,000. 
 For the east school a lot 200x220 feet, at corner of Lincoln Avenue and 
 Peoria street was bought for $3,850. It is a historic incident that " bicycle 
 racks " are to be provided in these new school- houses — the first instance on 
 record. 
 
 SIERRA MADRE COLLEGE. 
 
 Although this College enterprise failed and at last went out entirel)'-, 
 leaving no sign of its existence, yet it did during the few years of its struggle 
 for life cut quite a figure in Passadena history ; and hence it must be re- 
 ported. 
 
 The first public or formal action in regard to it was at a convivial 
 gathering or banquet of about forty persons, held at the Sierra Madre Villa 
 Hotel on January 20, 1884, and reported in the Pasadena Chronicle of Janu- 
 ary 24. There a board of Trustees was appointed, as follows : Rev. J. W. 
 Ellis and Dr. Cochran of Los Angeles ; Abbot Kinney of Kinneloa ; C. C. 
 Hastings of Sierra Madre ; Gov. Samuel Merrill of Des Moines, Iowa ; D. 
 H. Newton of Holyoke, Mass. ; Hon. P. M. Green, Judge B. S. Eaton, 
 Rev. Williel Thompson, and H. W. Magee, Esq., of Pasadena. 
 
 A call was made for competing offers of land for a building site, and 
 other aid, to determine where the college should be located. Offers came 
 from Los Angeles, from Sierra Madre, from Santa Anita, from citizens of 
 Pasadena, from Painter & Ball, and from South Pasadena school district. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 1 89 
 
 Painter & Ball offered the Monks hill site, comprising fifty acres of laud 
 with water, and $2,425 in cash. [I at the time advised the acceptance of 
 this offer as the best.] South Pasadena offered her Columbia Hill school 
 grounds, comprising six acres with water, and the public school building 
 already there, and which had cost nearly $4,000, upon the college paying 
 to the school district $1,000. This offer was accepted, and the College was 
 started there. Its formal opening took place September 17, 1884, with an 
 elaborate program of thirty-two numbers, and speeches in nineteen different 
 responses to "toasts " or sentiments proposed. The faculty then consisted 
 of Rev. J. W. Healy, D.D., president, mental and moral philosophy ; M. 
 M. Parker, A. M., classics ; Prof F. D, BuUard, mathematics; Rev. Williel 
 Thomson, engineering ; Mrs. Vernam, art department ; Mrs. E. A. Nims, 
 music. A local item in the Union of October 1 1 said the College had 25 
 pupils enrolled and was making good progress. 
 
 "The new faculty will be as follows: Rev. W. Thom.son, A. M., 
 president and professor of mathematics and civil engineering; Rev. M. M. 
 Parker, A. M., professor of ancient languages and instructor in natural 
 sciences ; Mrs. C. T. Thompson, A. M., instructor in English and German 
 languages ; W. G. Cochran, M. D., medical supervisor ; Mrs. E. A. Nims, 
 teacher of vocal and instrumental music ; Mrs. E. G. McKee, teacher of 
 oil painting." 
 
 Again, on April 24, 1885, the same paper reports : 
 
 " The Presbytery of Los Angeles met in Pasadena on Thursday eve- 
 ning, 1 6th inst., and was opened with a sermon by Prof. Ward of Sierra 
 Madre College. On Saturday the subject of the Sierra Madre College was 
 taken up. A financial report was made by the president. Rev. Williel 
 Thomson, stating that the College held property valued at about $18,000, 
 and that the income of the College during the past year had been about 
 $400 ; that three teachers had been employed, who had faithfully done their 
 work, and that the examination showed the instruction to have been of a 
 high order. 
 
 "The number of students in attendance during the past year has been 
 twenty-five, which number was diminished toward the close of the last 
 term from sickness and other causes. 
 
 "A new board of eleven trustees was elected, consisting of the following 
 gentlemen: Rev. M. N. Cornelius, Hon. P. M. Green, Geo. A. Swartwout, 
 Abbot Kinney, of Pasadena ; Rev. Mr. Wells, Dr. Cochran, Howard Mills, 
 of Eos Angeles ; Rev. Alexander Parker, of Orange ; O. C. Johnson, Esq., 
 of Riverside ; D. H. Newton, of Boston, Mass. ; Mr. Hughes, of Tustin." 
 
 The local newspaper did everything it could to aid the enterprise. But 
 the fact was, this college was mislocated, was premature, was not on a plan 
 in touch with the spirit of the times, and had no money behind it — hence it 
 was born with failure in its bones. After two years of hard struggle, con- 
 tinually running in debt, its property was all heavily encumbered, was sold 
 under mortgage, and eventually bought by C. D. Daggett ; and the building 
 which had served successively as public .school-house, college hall, Congre- 
 
I go HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 gational church, was at last changed and reconstructed into Mr. Daggett's 
 Columbia Hill residence as it now stands. 
 
 THE PASADENA ACADEMY. 
 
 In 1883 84 Prof. M. M. Parker and wife, assisted b}' his brother, Prof. 
 C. M. Parker, opened an academic school at his home place on east Califor- 
 nia street. But when the Sierra Madre college was started he merged his 
 private ante. prise into that. After failure of the college he reopened his 
 Academy in September, 1886, in Williams Hall, occupying the large main 
 hall and two adjunct rooms. The school soon outgrew these close quarters, 
 and early in November it was removed to the old Central School building, 
 then standing on Raymond Avenue where the Vandevort block now stands, 
 and he occupied the entire two stories except one room used for meetings of 
 the city trustees. Thus passed the academic year of 1886-87. After that 
 the offices of city clerk, marshal, surveyor, recorder or police judge, etc., 
 were located in this building, which had been leased by the city for three 
 years. The Academy was next opened in the second-floor rooms of the 
 Grand Opera House, and its school years of 1887-88 and 1888-89 were 
 spent here. But a more central location seemed desirable ; and on Septem- 
 ber 9, 1889, it opened in the second- floor rooms of our present City Hall 
 building. This Academy won a good name, reached an enrollment of as 
 high as 150 pupils, and employed nine teachers. 
 
 The Pasadena Standard of September 14, 1889, mentions the annual 
 opening of the Academy, and at the .same time names other private schools 
 then in the city, as follows : 
 
 "Prof. Parker's Academy opened its fourth year last Monday, corner 
 Fair Oaks Avenue and Union street. Miss Sarah HaN^'s Kindergarten on 
 Herkimer street, opens its third year next Monday. Miss Collamer's select 
 school, on Valley street, opens its fourth year next Monday. St. Margaret's 
 .school (Episcopal) for girls, on East Colorado street, opens next Monday 
 for its third year. Prof. S. C. Clark's classical school for boys, on South 
 Los Robles Avenue, opens its first year, October 2. Mrs. Graham's Kinder- 
 garten on Euclid Avenue (formerly Miss Curtis') will open next Monday. 
 Mr. Coggswell's mechanical training school for boys, on West Colorado 
 street, is open for the formation of classes at any time." 
 
 In 1 89 1 Prof. Parker, at Father Throop's earnest desire and request, 
 co-operated with him in founding the Polytechnic In.stitute, and merged his 
 Academy into that. 
 
 THE THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 Hon. A. G. Throop came from Chicago and settled in Eos Angeles in 
 1880; but in 1886 he removed to Pasadena and made his permanent home 
 here. In April, 1888, he was elected a member of the city council ; and on 
 October 5, 1889, he was chosen president of the board, or "Mayor." 
 
 By successful business enterprises in Chicago he had acquired a consid- 
 erable fortune. He had always been an ardent advocate of education in its 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. IQI 
 
 highest and best phases, although his own early advantages in this respect 
 had been very meager ; and now he purposed to devote his money and the 
 remainder of his life to the founding in Pasadena of an institution of learn- 
 ing, on the most approved plan that educational experts could suggest. 
 After several conferences and consultations with friends upon the subject 
 during the spring and summer of 1891, a special meethig was held at his 
 house on August 31, at which were present Rev. Dr. E. L. Conger ; Prof. 
 John Dickinson of the University of Southern California, I^os Angeles ; 
 Prof. C. H. Keyes, superintendent of schools, Riverside ; Prof Will S. 
 Monroe, superintendent of schools, Pasadena ; Prof. James D. Graham, 
 principal of High School, Pasadena. The result of this meeting was a de- 
 cision to proceed at once to open the college ; and in a few days Father 
 Throop had leased for five years the great four-story Wooster block, corner 
 of Fair Oaks Avenue and Kansas street, and commenced fitting it up for 
 school uses ; and a circular was issued announcing that the new college 
 would open and begin its scholastic year on November 2. I quote : 
 
 " On September 23d, articles of incorporation were filed with the secre- 
 tary of state, with the following named persons as a board of incorporation : 
 Gov. H. H. Markham, H. W. Magee, Esq., J. C. Michener, M. D., W. U. 
 Masters, J. S. Hodge, M. D., Major Geo. H. Bonebrake, Hon. Delos Arnold, 
 Hon. T. P. Lukens, E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Eowe, Hon. P. M. Green, 
 F. C. Howes, Milton D. Painter, Hon. A. G. Throop, Ex-Gov. Eionel A. 
 Sheldon. 
 
 "The first meeting of the board of trustees was held October 2d, at 
 which time officers were elected as follows : Hon. A. G. Throop, president ; 
 E- W. Andrews, secretary ; Hon. P. M. Green, treasurer. 
 
 "On October 8th the by-laws of the corporation were b)^ the trustees 
 discussed and adopted, and an executive committee elected, consisting of 
 Hon. A. G. Throop, Rev. E. E. Conger, W. E. Arthur, Mrs. L. T. W. 
 Conger and E. E. Spalding. 
 
 " ' Throop University' was the name that had been adopted, and it was 
 announced to embrace the following departments : College of Eetters and 
 Science : (a) Classical Course, (b) Philosophical Course, (c) Scientific 
 Course, (d) English Course. Preparatory Department, Law School, Musical 
 Institute, Art Studio, Elocution, Stenography and Typewriting, Physical 
 Culture — Gymnasium. Prof. M. M. Parker was elected vice president of 
 the University. A list of ten instructors was announced for the first year." 
 
 The Daily Star of November 11, said : 
 
 " Prof. M. M. Parker is in receipt of a letter from Hon. Delos Arnold 
 offering to Throop University a valuable collection of 150 varieties of quat- 
 ernary and pliocene fossils from this [Los Angeles] county. The gift has 
 been accepted by Prof. Parker on behalf of the University, wnth thanks. 
 A duplicate of this collection was recently sent by Mr. Arnold to the curator 
 of the national museum at Washington, by whom it is considered of 
 especial value." 
 
 OPENING DAY. 
 
 The University classes commenced their regular sessions on Monday, 
 November 2, 187 1 ; and on the previous Saturday the friends of the enter- 
 
192 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 prise took occasion to express their sentiments in a public reception to 
 Father Throop. From the Siar's report of this event I make a few ex- 
 tracts of pertinent and historic interest : 
 
 The commodious room set apart for the chapel and assembly hall of 
 Throop University was filled Saturday afternoon by a concourse of ladies 
 and gentlemen who fairly represented the culture and intelligence of the 
 community. Prof. M. M. Parker, vice-president of the University, filled 
 the chair. He stated that the objects of the gathering were to afford the 
 citizens of the city an opportunity of congratulating Father Throop upon 
 the success of his plans thus far, and to express their appreciation of his 
 efforts in behalf of the cause of education. 
 
 A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., said : "The founding of such an institution in 
 Passadena is cause for general congratulation among the people of the com- 
 munity. * * Every home and every citizen will be the better and the 
 happier and the richer for the victories to be won in Throop University ; 
 and in behalf of the people of Pasadena, Mr. Metcalfe said, he thanked Father 
 Throop for his noble work — for what he had done and what he intended 
 to do. To found such an institution was the act of one of the noblest of 
 God's creatures, one whose love for the people dominates all his acts. In 
 their hearts Father Throop has a very warm spot which could be hardly 
 filled by any other (applause)." 
 
 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr said : " If such an institution had been opened 50 
 years ago, all girls would have been left out in planning for the reception of 
 students, and she desired to thank Father Throop for making no discrimina- 
 tion in the matter of sex in opening the doors of the University. * * 
 Fifty years ago only eleven of the great rancheros who owned the five 
 southern counties of California, could read or sign their names. The 
 nearest boarding school was at Honolulu in the Sandwich Islands. We 
 congratulate ourselves upon the birth of this University ; not only for the 
 obvious advantages it will bring to our city, but because each new institu- 
 tion is another step in advance in the recognition it gives to the value of 
 practical education. ' ' 
 
 Rev. C. E. Harris, pastor of the Baptist church, was introduced as a^ 
 representative of the local ministers. Mr. Harris made one of his happy 
 responses, saying that he wished to adopt as his sentiments everything that 
 had so far been said in commendation of Father Throop, and to add that 
 Mrs. Throop is entitled to share in the praise for the work done in founding 
 this college. Its establishment marks a significant crisis in the history of 
 the city. 
 
 Prof. Parker called upon Father Throop to speak, and the venerable 
 founder of the college came upon the platform amidst loud and long-con- 
 tinued applau.se. He said that in the course of his long life he had had 
 many happy days, and that this was one of the happiest. After a life of 
 economy and indu.stry he had devoted such means as he had to the endow- 
 ment of the college. He had himself felt the need of such education as it 
 will afford, which perhaps fitted him better to appreciate its needs, and had 
 stimulated his ambition to do something in the cause of higher learning. 
 In all his plans he had the good-will and co-operation of Mrs. Throop, of 
 his daughter, Mrs. Vaughan, of his niece (Miss Waite), and other relatives, 
 many of whom were happily present with him on this happy occasion. 
 Father Throop said it was his ambition to make the college what the times 
 
DIVISION THRKE — BRAINS. I93 
 
 demand, which was a school of the best. Aside from all politics and sectar- 
 ianism he desired to make its instruction broad and high and pure, under 
 which its pupils may learn what is best and most useful. 
 
 In 1892 a body of land was secured at the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue 
 and Chestnut street, where two street-car lines passed, and the building now 
 known as " West Hall " was erected. It stands 140 feet frontage on Fair 
 Oaks by 80 feet on Chestnut, two stories high. Its ultimate design was 
 for the departments of Mechanics and Physics chiefly, as the institution 
 should progress in its evolutional development; but in October, 1892, all 
 the school work was transferred from Wooster Hall to this new building, 
 which had been equipped with gas engines and machinery for wood work, 
 iron work and electric work ; also for cooking school, sewing school, chemi- 
 cal laboratory, biological laboratory, and type-writing. 
 
 CHANGE OF TITLE. 
 
 Before the opening of the college year of 1892 it had been decided to 
 drop the ambitious and incorrect title of " University " ; to make manual 
 and industrial education the characteristic feature of the school ; and to call 
 it "Throop Polytechnic Institute." And the motto ''learn to do by 
 doing'' was adopted, to express tersely the plan and aim of its curriculum. 
 
 By 1893 an additional block of ground had been secured, extending 
 from West Hall eastward to Raymond Avenue ; and here was erected the 
 main building — 150 feet frontage on Chestnut street by 68 on Raymond — 
 three stories high, besides a full basement — and cost nearly $40,000. 
 
 During the summer of 1894 $12,000 worth of new machinery, steam 
 power, and other mechanical apparatus was added to the West Hall equip- 
 ment ; and all the literary and fine arts class-work was established in East 
 Hall. 
 
 In 1893, when East Hall had been completed, the permanent character 
 of the institution and its great value to the general interests of Pasadena 
 became more apparent. The matter was talked up in the Board of Trade 
 meetings and elsewhere, and finally, December 21, was settled upon to be 
 observed as 
 
 FATHER THROOP DAY. 
 
 The necessary committees were appointed, and arrangements made for 
 a testimonial meeting and public ovation during the day, in the Tabernacle, 
 and a banquet at Hotel Green in the evening. The forenoon, from 9 to 12 
 o'clock, was devoted to visiting and inspecting the Institute buildings, the 
 machinery being all in motion and students at work. Then from 12:15 till 
 1:45 lunch was served by the cooking school in West Hall, limited to 
 visitors from outside the city. And at 2:15 the program of exercises at the 
 Tabernacle commenced, Here W. E. Arthur, Esq., city attorney, served as 
 president of the day, and Hon. W. A. Cheney of Eos Angeles delivered the 
 testimonial oration, which was a most brilliant effort. 
 
 13 
 
194 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Mr. Arthur, on behalf of the citizens of Pasadena, presented to the 
 trustees of the Throop Institute, a very fine life-size oil portrait of Father 
 Throop, elegantly framed, which was unveiled to the audience by two young 
 lady students while he spoke. And it was accepted in a fitting speech on 
 behalf of the trustees by President Keyes, who spoke for Mr. Throop, presi- 
 dent of the board. 
 
 ■^*«,.<'' 
 
 HON. A. G. THROOP— " FATHER THROOP." 
 
 Following this, Father Throop himself, in a speech of deep earnestness 
 and pathos, made formal presentation of the Throop Polytechnic Institute, 
 with all its lands, buildings, equipments and endowments, as a free gift to 
 the City of Pasadena and her people. He bequeathed it to them as a sacred 
 trust, to be fostered and sustained, and made to subserve the highest and 
 noblest uses of a thorough-going, practical, moral, self-helpful, unsectarian 
 
 Note.— The damaged condition of tlie al)ove cut wa.s not known till on press, too late for remedy. 
 
DIVISION THREE BRAINS. 1 95 
 
 education, for boys and girls alike, and at the lowest possible cost. His 
 feelings had been deeply hurt by his having heard several times of testy 
 opposition to his school from a few persons of extra stiff devotion to so-called 
 "Orthodox" theology, because he was a prominent member of the 
 Universalist church ; and upon this point he said : 
 
 "I want to disabuse anyone of the idea that this is a sectarian school. 
 This is a school for the public, and I am not here today to forfeit my honor 
 and my character to build up any sectarian institution. I have property 
 here unincumbered worth $60,000 which will be used as an endowment fund 
 for this school, provided the directors keep it what it now is, non-partisan 
 and non-sectarian. I am here to offer you this property for the benefit of 
 Pasadena, Los Angeles county, Southern California, humanity. I want you 
 to leave me my character, worth more to me than anything. I did not do 
 this for public applause, but to return the means God has given me to the 
 one to whom it belongs. I offer this as a Christmas donation, and if it is 
 worth anything to you, take it, and help me make it what it ought to be." 
 
 His speech was received with enthusiastic and long-continued applause. 
 
 To this munificent and noble offer Mayor O. F. Weed responded on 
 behalf of the city authorities and the people, accepting the gift, and promis- 
 ing that the high aims of the venerable and beloved founder of the institution 
 should be carried out. He said : 
 
 "The people of Pasadena have much to be thankful for — for their 
 climate and soil, for the culture and refinement of the community, for our 
 magnificent hotels and other buildings, for Prof. Lowe's unique mountain 
 railroad, for our schools and churches. But Father Throop's gift of the 
 Polytechnic Institute surpasses all others, and it will bear his name along 
 the line of coming generations yet unborn. Pasadena accepts the gift, and 
 will ever hold the giver in grateful veneration. Other men have achieved 
 fame, but Father Throop has achieved a glory that is immortal. ' ' 
 
 An appeal was made for scholarships to aid the Institute in providing 
 free tuition for worthy pupils who need a little help. In response a number 
 of pledges were announced, some of which were never paid. The following 
 is a complete list of bona fide scholarship pledges ($1,000) up to January 
 I, 1895: 
 
 B. F. Ball $1,000 Mary E. McGee $1,000 
 
 W. C. Stewart 1,000 Mrs. Thos. F. Croft 1,000 
 
 F.J.Woodbury (land) 1,000 Citizens Subscription pledge... 1,000 
 
 Prof. T. S. C. Lowe 2,000 Adelia M. Callender 1,000 
 
 Mrs. Prof. Lowe 2,000 K. F. Hurlbut 1,000 
 
 Some other persons also, have given lesser amounts to the scholarship 
 fund. 
 
 THE BANQUET. 
 
 In the evening the largest assemblage ever seated at a banquet in Pasa- 
 dena gathered at Hotel Green, 260 plates being served. Hon. P. M. Green 
 presided, sitting with Father Throop at his right hand and Gov. Markham 
 at his left. By Father Throop's special request, the evil custom of serving 
 
Iq6 HISTORY OF PASADENA. J 
 
 I 
 
 wines and liquors on banquet occasions was entirely dispensed with here. ' 
 
 The sentiments or " toasts " and responses were as follows : 
 
 "California." Response by Gov. H. H. Markham. 
 
 "Give the American Boy a Chance," Response by Dr. Walter Lind- 
 ley, superintendent of the State School at Whittier. 
 
 " Woman's Influence." Response by Rev. Florence E. Kollock. 
 
 "The Ladies." Response by J. G. Rossiter, Esq. 
 
 "The Tramp." Response by Prest. C. H. Keyes. 
 
 "Physical Culture." Response by Dr. Norman Bridge. 
 
 " Our Duty to Posterity." Response by Hon. A. G. Throop. 
 
 Here I quote a passage from the Daily Star's report : 
 
 " The announcement of Father Throop as the next speaker was received 
 with great applause. He spoke to the text, "Our Duty to Posterity." 
 There is one great lack in our system of education, he thought, and he 
 hoped Throop Polytechnic Institute would insist upon supplying it, and that 
 is, moral training. We must teach our children to be honest. He would 
 also teach our young people to be patriotic, and to this end he hoped the 
 flags on the buildings of the Institute would never be taken down (ap- 
 plause). Moral hone-sty and patriotism were the two great lessons he 
 wanted to insist upon tonight." 
 
 Following this, Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell read an original poem of 32 
 
 stanzas, entitled ' ' An Ode to Father Throop, ' ' from which I quote a few 
 
 pertinent lines : 
 
 Men unveil statues of the world's great heroes ; 
 
 Cold statues, soulless marble, unresponsive stone ; 
 Carved images within whose empty chambers 
 
 Sits no brave spirit on its royal throne. 
 
 Not so today ; with heads uncovered, waiting 
 
 Before the One Great Master's work of art, 
 Behold we, not a silent piece of marble. 
 
 While with a tender touch we draw the veil apart. 
 
 Chiseled in warm flesh, see the figure standing; 
 
 His pedestal God's truth, the love of human kind 
 Cementing each to each in perfect union ; 
 
 Lo, here the living form, and in the form the mind. 
 
 I saw a dude pass by you yester morning 
 
 When you were raking builders' trash away ; 
 
 He glanced with silly scorn upon your rubbish 
 
 And asked, " What do such workmen get per day ? 
 
 Ask, ye who will, the hoary-headed ages 
 If love e'er bargained for its price in gold ; 
 
 Or stipulated for its wage in silver, 
 As if its ministrations could be sold. 
 
 The man who grasps a tool with honest motive, 
 And stoops himself to help the laborer rise, 
 
 Doubles the gift his charity would tender — 
 He gives his wealth, his toil, his enterprise. 
 
 Oh, Father Throop, your form we love and honor. 
 
 You teach that " Industry is Fortune's maid." 
 L/Ong may you live to show the generations 
 
 That Purpose builds, where Prudence is afraid. 
 
DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. t97 
 
 This concluded the exercises of one of Pasadena's most notable and 
 far-reaching historic days, which had set her noblest institution before the 
 public in a fresh, warm glow of wholesome and heartsome interest that had 
 not been manifested hitherto. It was the first thoroughly-equipped Poly- 
 technic or Manual Training College established west of the Mississippi 
 river, and all its machinery, apparatus, and facilities for highest grade in- 
 struction are the most perfect and complete of their kind that money could 
 purchase. In every feature the latest and best improvements had been 
 sought ; and for this reason it really excels any of the older schools on the 
 same plan in the largest Kastern cities. 
 
 The school won its way steadily from the first. 
 
 Total enrollment of pupils in 1891-92 35 
 
 " " " " " 1892-93 165 
 
 " " 1893-94 158 
 
 " " 1894-95 301 
 
 From September i, 1891, to April 19, 1893, there had been paid out 
 for buildings, grounds, and current expenses of the school, by Father 
 Throop, $57,628.70. The current expenses for 1893-94 were $19,591.25. 
 
 I ■ ^ ] ! 
 
 Uuiversalist 
 Church. 
 
 East Hall. 
 
 Co. A, Throop Cadets. 
 
 iune" Pholo.— 1(5^5. 
 
 West Hall. 
 
 THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 A report printed in the New Year Edition of the Pasadena Star, 1895, 
 says : 
 
 "It has accomodations for over 400 pupils. The growth for 1894-95 
 has been rapid and gratifying. Seven members were added to the faculty, 
 making a total of twenty-five teachers engaged in the work of the Institute. 
 Prof. M. M. Parker was chosen Dean of the faculty. During the summer 
 $12,000 worth of new machinery and apparatus has been purchased and in- 
 stalled. This includes additions to chemical, physical, electrical and 
 biological equipment, a new steam plant, complete pattern shop outfit, a 
 complete machine shop outfit, and a Sloyd school equipment. The total 
 value of the equipment at present amounts to about $100,000. The oSicers 
 
198 HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 of the board of Trustees for 1894 95, are: Hon. P. M. Green, President; 
 E. L. Conger, D. D., Vice-President; P'rank J. Polley, Secretary; C. B. 
 Scoville, Teasurer. 
 
 "The members of the Board of Trustees are: Hon. P. M. Green, 
 E. E. Spalding, Mrs. Ellen I. Stanton, Mrs. Louise T. W. Conger, Hon. 
 Enoch Knight, Hon. T. P. Lukens, W. E. Arthur, P^sq., John Wadsworth, 
 C. B. Scoville, Esq., President C. H. Keyes, Norman Bridge, M. D., Hon. 
 W. E. Hardison, E. E. Conger, D. D., C. D. Daggett." 
 
 Executive Board for 1895 96: Hon. P. M. Green, chairman; C. D. 
 Daggett, John Wadsworth, W. E. Arthur, Rev. Dr. Conger. 
 
 LIFE OF FATHER THROOP. 
 
 As a fitting addition to this historical sketch of the Throop Polytechnic 
 Institute, I give here a brief biography of its founder, who is more truly 
 loved by the people of Pasadena than any other man who has ever lived 
 here. Prof. Eowe is honored and admired ; " Father Throop" is loved and 
 revered with an affectionate tenderness born in us from his own great love 
 toward his fellow-men. 
 
 Hon. Amos G. Throop was born in De Ruyter, Madison county. New 
 York, July 22, 181 1. The most of his boyhood was spent in Courtlatid and 
 Chenango counties, New York. In May, 1832, he left Chenango county 
 for Michigan, the then far west, settling in St. Clair county. In 1838 he 
 returned to his native State, and at Preston was united in marriage with 
 Miss Eliza V. Waite. He and his wife returned to his home in Michigan, 
 where they remained until 1843, in which year they removed to Chicago, 
 where they resided until 1880. He was one of the organizers of the Chi- 
 cago Board of Trade, and a member of it for many years. In 1S49 Mr. 
 Throop was elected an alderman of the city of Chicago, serving four years. 
 In 1854 ^od 1855 he was appointed assessor for West Chicago. In 1S55 he 
 was elected city treasurer for a term of two years, during which time he 
 handled over $5,000,000 of the city funds. Mr. Throop served five years as 
 a member of the Board of Supervisors of Cook county, and for two years 
 was a member of the state legislature of Illinois. In 1876 he was again 
 elected alderman, and served the city in that capacity for four years. 
 
 He came to California in 1880, locating in Los Angeles, where he re- 
 mained until 1886, when he removed to Pasadena. In 1888 Mr. and Mrs. 
 Throop celebrated their golden wedding. From 1888 to 1892 he served 
 Pasadena as a member of her city council, being also Mayor of the city for 
 the last two years of his term. 
 
 PASSED AWAY. 
 On Thursday, March 22, 1894, he worked until about noon .setting out 
 some flowering plants at the Polytechnic grounds. Then he went home, 
 feeling sick from a chronic ulceration of the stomach with which he had 
 long been a sufferer ; and at 8:10 in the evening he passed away as quietly 
 and peacefully as a child falls asleep. His wife and daughter [Mrs. J. C. 
 Vaughan] were in Chicago, and his brother, John Throop, at his own home 
 below Eos Angeles, and they were summoned by telegraph. The next day 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINvS. 1 99 
 
 all flags in the city were displayed at half mast. Awaiting the arrival of 
 absent members of his family, the funeral did not take place until March 
 28th, when, as the Daily ^/(air said, occurred "the most impressive demon- 
 stration of popular sorrow that ever occurred in Pasadena." Mrs. Throop 
 was sick in Chicago and not able to come, but the daughter came. Places 
 of business were generally closed during the funeral hour, and nearly all 
 were draped with emblems of mourning. The public services occurred at 
 the Universalist church ; and as an historic indication of the esteem in 
 which he was held by all classes and sects, I note that the following clergy- 
 men sat in the pulpit area as participants in the commemorative exercises : 
 
 Rev. Dr. J. B. Stewart, Rev. N. H. G. Fife and Rev. L. P. Crawford, 
 Presbyterians. 
 
 Rev. Clark Crawford and Rev. W. G. Cowan, Methodists. 
 
 Rev. H. T. Staats, Congregationalist. 
 
 Rev. C. E. Harris, Baptist. 
 
 Rev. T. D. Garvin, Christian or Disciples. 
 
 Rev. C. E. Tebbetts, Friends. 
 
 Rev. Dr. E. L. Conger, Rev. Dr. Deere, and Rev. Florence E. Kol- 
 lock, Universalists. 
 
 The pall-bearers were : Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, W. U. Masters, Thomas 
 F. Croft, Hon. P. M. Green, T. P. Lukens, and Elisha Millard. 
 
 Marshals and assistant marshals of the funeral procession were Col. E. 
 P. Hansen, city marshal John T. Buchanan, Capt. A. C. Drake of G. A. R., 
 Capt. N. S. Bangham of Sons of Veterans, and Geo Mahler. Escorts were 
 Co. B. of the National Guards, Co. A of Throop Polytechnic Cadets, and 
 the Pasadena Band. The church was crowded to its uttermost capacity, 
 besides many comers who could not gain entrance ; and there were few who 
 did not shed tears. It was as if every one felt it a personal bereavement — 
 the loss of a beloved friend. The fine memorial window in the east wall of 
 the church to his only son, George Throop, who died as a .soldier in the 
 Union army, was appropriately draped with national flags, and bore witness 
 now to the devoted patriotism of both father and son in the days when the 
 nation's life was in peril.* Mr. Higinbothara, late president of the World's 
 Fair managers, who had known and loved both Father Throop and his 
 soldier son from thirty-four years back, was present, and spoke most feel- 
 ingly his tribute of praise. Gov. H. H. Markham also spoke ; and others. 
 And James G. Clark, the venerable poet, mu.sic composer and singer, known 
 to fame for nearly forty years past, sang his own well-known song, " The 
 Evergreen Mountains of Life." Rev. Dr. Conger related his last interview 
 
 *" An elegant memorial wintlow occupies the east wall of the Universalist church, to the memory of 
 George Throop, son of our venerable city councilman, i£on. A. G. Throop. The young man belonged to 
 the Chicago Mercantile Battery, and took part in the battles of Black River Bridge, ChamiJion's Hill, Port 
 Gibson, Arkansas Post. Mansfield, Siegeof Jackson, Siegeof Vicksburg." — Pasadena Standard, March 12, 
 1889. He was mortally wounded in the disastrous Red River expedition in April, 1864, and his body 
 never found. 
 
200 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 with Father Throop, when with almost his last breath he said :' "My 
 journey is almost ended ; and I am ready, if it is my Heavenly Father's 
 will. But what will become of my school V I answered, " You have done 
 your whole duty nobly ; and Pasadena will take care of your school." 
 
 He had already expended for the Institute a total sum of $97,874. His 
 will gives $20,000 more, or whatever remains of the estate after the death of 
 his wife. 
 
 CLASSICAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS. 
 
 Established in October, 1889. Stephen Cutter Clark, A. B., principal ; 
 Mrs. Grace Miller Clark, A. B. and A. M., Greek and Latin ; Mary Louisa 
 French, A. B., primary; Jean Trebaol, French; Wm. P. Hammond, pen- 
 manship ; Wm. Wallis, drillmaster. Object : To fit and prepare boys for ad- 
 mission to any college or university in the country. The enterprise succeeded 
 from the first. In the spring of 1891 Mr. Clark erected a building purposely 
 for his school, at No. 59 South Euclid Avenue, with six recitation rooms. 
 The number of pupils averaged about 30, the highest enrollment being 37. 
 
 CLASSICAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. 
 
 Established in 1890, by Anna B. Orton, principal, and instructor in 
 Mathematics and in Greek and Latin ; May A. Morrison, French and His- 
 ,tory ; Isa Cranston Pirret, English branches ; Mabel L. Merriman, Science ; 
 Fraulein A. Werner, German ; Wm. P. Hammond, penmanship ; Mrs. L. 
 E. Garden-Macleod, drawing and painting, this department being a branch 
 of the Los Angeles School of Art and Design. The music department has 
 Herr Thilo Becker and Susan R. Orton, as instructors on the piano ; and 
 Josef and Johanna Rubo, teachers of voice culture and chorus singing. The 
 object is to give girls a thorough school culture, and to prepare those who 
 wish it for entrance to any college or university where women are admitted. 
 In the summer of 1892 Miss Orton erected a fine building in old Spanish 
 style of architecture, designed and planned purposely for her school, with 
 five recitation rooms — No. 124 South Euclid Avenue. She had 16 pupils 
 the first year, and about 60 in all departments the past year. 
 
 WILLIAMS BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 Commenced September 17, 1894, in Strong's Block on Colorado street : 
 T. J. Williams, principal ; Miss Bertha Buckingham, teacher of English 
 branches ; Chas. A. Miles, business agent. Full courses in all branches of 
 book-keeping, penmanship, pen drawing, .shorthand, typewriting, etc. Fur- 
 niture and apparatus, about $800. Publish a paper called The New Education. 
 
 PASADENA'S STATE NORMAL GRADUATES. 
 Prof. E. T. Pierce, now principal of the State Normal School at Los 
 Angeles, has kindly furnished me the following list of all the young people 
 from Pasadena who have graduated at that institution : 
 
DIVISION Three — BRAINS. 
 
 20 I 
 
 Class of 1884 — Elma Ball, Hannah P. Ball. 
 
 Class of 1886 — Henry A. Fisk. 
 
 Class of 1887 — Mary M. Baker. 
 
 Class of 1889 — Agnes Klliott (now a teacher in the Normal — 1895). 
 
 Class of 1890 — Ida Robinson, Ella G. Wood. 
 
 Class of 1891 — Imelda Brooks, Jessie A. Fisher, Frances H. Gearhart, 
 May Gearhart, Caroline E. Harris, Charles C. Hill, Edith M. Kellogg, 
 Sarah E. Prentiss. 
 
 Class of 1892 — Eizzie E. Batchelder, Mary E. Johnston, Etta V. 
 Neibel, Mary E. Thompson [grand-daughter of the historic "Old John 
 Brown "]. 
 
 Class of 1893 — Aura M. Beach, Grace E. Bosley, Agnes E. Daniels, 
 Esther C. Daniels, Anna M. Dilworth, Agnes Fushia, Grace Johnston, 
 Herbert C. Mosher, James W. Mosher, Marion Van Slyck. 
 
 Total, 29 — 4 gentlemen and 25 ladies. 
 
 TABLE of enrollment IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA OF 
 STUDENTS REGISTERED FROM PASADENA. 
 
 NAME 
 
 Charles A. Allin 
 
 Jonathan M. Gilmore 
 
 Mary H. Gilmore 
 
 Harry W. Rhodes 
 
 Charles L. Turner 
 
 Joseph O. Downing..., 
 Harriet H. Godfrey.... 
 
 Ralph A. Gould 
 
 William H. Linney..., 
 
 Alva D. S. McCoy 
 
 Fred H. Scares , 
 
 Elma F. Ball 
 
 Clifford W. Barnes 
 
 George F. Duncan 
 
 DATE OF 
 ENROLL- 
 MENT 
 
 1887 
 1890 
 1889 
 1890 
 1888 
 1890 
 1S9I 
 
 1893 
 1891 
 189I 
 189I 
 1886 
 1885 
 1889 
 
 DEGREE 
 OBTAINED 
 
 Ph. B. 
 
 B. L., 
 B. L., 
 B. S., 
 A. B.. 
 
 ■ '94 
 '94 
 '94 
 '94 
 '92 
 
 B. 
 
 L. 
 
 '95 
 
 B. 
 
 S., 
 
 '95 
 
 B. 
 
 S., 
 
 '95 
 
 
 
 COURSE 
 PURSUED 
 
 CI. 
 
 L. p. S. 
 Chem. 
 
 Min. 
 Chem. 
 C. E. 
 
 Lit. 
 
 CI. 
 L. P. S. 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 In residence. 
 
 Withdrew, 18S7. 
 
 1887. 
 
 " 1890. 
 
 Attest : James Sutton, Recorder of the Faculties. 
 
 PASADENIANS IN STANFORD UNIVERSITY — 1 894. 
 
 The following students from Pasadena were on the rolls at Eeland 
 Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, California, in 1894, ^^^ the list was 
 kindly furnished me by Prof. Monroe : 
 
 Will S. Monroe, formerly city superintendent of schools. 
 Caspar W. Hodgson, formerly principal Lincoln school. 
 Charles C, Hill, formerly principal Grant school. 
 Agnes Stowell, formerly teacher in Washington school. 
 Ella G. Wood, formerly teacher in Eincoln school. 
 Ellen F. Thompson, formerly teacher in High school. 
 Hattie Mason Willard,* formerly teacher in Pasadena Academy [gradu- 
 ate of Chicago Eaw School.] 
 
 Clara Winifred Caldwell,* formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Kate E. Nash,* formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Eenora Schopbach, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 
 *Graduated in June, 1895. 
 
202 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 George H. Baldwin, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Ethel W. Bishop, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Carleton E. Durrell,* formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 LeRoy D. Ely, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Chas. A. Fife, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 J. Paull Fife, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Lyman Wood worth, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Carl C. Thomas, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Winifred Webb, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Rennie W. Doane, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Will A Strong, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Roland H. Manahan,* formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Frances M. Rand, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Erma Rand, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Harriet Nichols, formerly student in Pasadena High school. 
 Mrs. May Caldwell Ray, formerly resident of Pasadena. 
 Ernest B. Hoag, B. S., special course. 
 
 Total 26, out of a total of 44 from Eos Angeles county, 
 
 PASADENA STUDENTS AT POMONA COLLEGE. 
 
 Claremont, Cal., May 21, 1894. 
 
 Dr. H. a. Reid, Pasadena, Cal. : Dear Sir : — In the absence of 
 president Baldwin, your communication asking for names of those who have 
 attended our institution, has been handed me for reply. None have gradu- 
 ated from the College course, but the following have been connected with 
 the school from Pasadena : 
 
 Edwin F. Hahn, [graduated from preparatory school in 1894.] 
 
 Eucy Traylor, special student, '94. 
 
 Emma Parker, freshman, '94. 
 
 Abba E. Marston, freshman, '94. 
 
 Charles C. Knight, junior preparatory, '94. 
 
 Alfred Erskine, middle preparatory, '94. 
 
 Very truly yours, E. C. Norton. 
 
 I wrote the University of Southern California for a similar report, but 
 received no answer. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Literary : The Public Library. — The Library Building. — The Library Citrus Fair. — 
 The Library Syndicate. — The Library's purchase l)y the City. — Academy of Science 
 and Scientific Collections. — Pasadena's Newspapers. — 18S3 to 1895. — Pasadena's 
 Literary People. — Pasadena Architecture. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. ) 
 
 In 1882, while Pasadena was still merely a fruit colony, Abbot Kinney 
 suggested the starting of a public free library. Some thought the colony 
 settlers too much scattered and too poor to make or use such a lilirary ; but 
 the more cultivated and progressive people grew more in favor of the under- 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 203 
 
 taking as they kept on talking about it ; and the lugubrious ' ' lions in the 
 way " proved to be empty air bubbles whenever punched with a pointed 
 argument or a living purpose. I find special credit accorded to S. Wash- 
 burn for his public-spiritedness and attention in working up subscriptions 
 for the enterprise ; and to H. N. Rust, Dr. O. H. Conger, Dr. Lyman 
 Allen, T. P. Lukens, and E. F. Hurlbut for active assistance in the prelim- 
 inary work necessary to complete the organization. Mr. Kinney had 
 planned it to be a popular movement in which all could take part ; there 
 were to be 10,000 shares at $5 each ; and on this basis it was incorporated 
 December 26, 1882, under the name of " Pasadena Library and Village Im- 
 provement Society." A circular was at once issued, setting forth its ob- 
 jects, and that $1,000 of the stock had already been subscribed and paid in; 
 that $700 had been pledged by the A. O. U. W. and I. O. G. T. fraternal 
 orders ; and soliciting further contributions of money, books, periodicals, 
 etc. This first document ever issued by the Association bears no date, but 
 is signed by the Board of Directors : Abbot Kinney, president ; Jeanne C. 
 Carr, corresponding secretary ; S. Washburn, A. R. Hanna, W. H. Wakeley, 
 H. N. Rust, K. F. Hurlbut, Lyman Allen. Up to February i, 1885, 
 there had been 348 shares of the stock subscribed and paid, which with 
 funds from other sources made a total of $2,374.04 received ; while the ex- 
 penditures had been $3,063.70. In reporting the sources of the Library 
 funds a list is printed of 149 individual contributors, among whom Abbot 
 Kinney is credited with $300, H. D. Bacon $250, E F. Hurlbut $60 ; J. F. 
 Crank and H. H. Markham $50 each ; T. P. Lukens, James Craig and 
 James Smith $25 each ; H. H. Vischer, H. Ridgway, W. W. McGee, E. S. 
 Frost, $2oeach ; Mrs. Gov. Stoneman, $15 ; and others in $10 and $5 sums. 
 The Art Loan Society is credited with $272.46 ; Entertainment at Hall, 
 $92.05 ; Cash from Concert $58 ; Col. Howard's lecture $30 ; H. N. Rust's 
 lecture $21.50 ; Horticultural Society $19 ; and so on. These will indicate 
 some of the methods used to raise money, outside of stock share subscrip- 
 tions. Public concerts were given on the evening of Memorial Day, 1884, 
 and on November i, 1884, under the management of Mrs. S. E. Merritt, 
 the librarian,* which netted $118, and the Trustees assigned this to her to 
 provide needful furnishings for the Library parlor and reading room. A 
 book social was held at Library Hall in January, 1884, each guest bringing 
 some sort ot a book suitable for the Library. And Mr, Kinney planned 
 an Art Loan Exhibition, in which H. N. Rust's large and rare collection of 
 stone implements and Indian relics was a prominent feature ; this Loan 
 Exhibition proved the most successful of anything, and brought $272.46 
 into the Library fund. Other persons who are specially credited with good 
 
 *Mrs. Merritt was librarian from the first ; and on November 7, 18S4, she was elected secretary, 
 vice W. W. Doyle, resigned, and held the office until 1889, when L. C. Winston was elected (after one 
 otto Froelich had served a few months). The Decoration Dav concert gotten [up by Mrs. Merritt in 
 Williams Hall this year was the first public obser\'ance of the day ever made in Pasadena. It cleared 
 $50 for the Library, 
 
204 HISTORY OP PASADENA. 
 
 service in the various ways for raising funds were : Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, 
 Mrs. Dr. O. H. Conger, Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, Mrs. ly. C. Winston, Mrs. 
 Rosenbaum, Miss Anna Picher, Miss Alice Freeman. 
 
 THE LIBRARY BUILDING. 
 
 B. D. Wilson had donated the central five-acre school lot to the colony 
 for school purposes only. From these grounds the school trustees leased a 
 lot 100x306 feet in size to the Library Association for a term of twenty 
 years ; but in order to validate this lease it was necessary to get the Wilson 
 deed changed — and this change was granted by Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb 
 and the two younger daughters of Mr. Wilson, his surviving heirs, for 
 which favor the Association was very grateful. Then during 1883 84 a sub- 
 stantial frame building 22x40 and two stories high was erected on their lot, 
 next east of where the Masonic Temple block now stands and close to the 
 Santa Fe railroad line. The building cost about $2,300. Of this amount 
 the Independent Order of Good Templars and the Ancient Order of United 
 Workmen furnished $700, and owned the upper story, which the^^ fitted up 
 for their Lodge meetings. The lower story was the Library part, and was 
 opened to the public by Mrs. Merritt on February 26, 1884, with 329 vol- 
 umes in place, besides magazines and newspapers on the reading-room 
 tables. The rooms were to be open daily except Sunday, from 10 to 12, 
 from 2 to 5, and from 7 to 9. From the opening day until August i there 
 had been 1,835 drawings of volumes, entirely free. But it was found 
 necessary to provide some source of income for necessary current expenses, 
 and after August i, 1884, a fee of twenty-five cents per month was charged 
 for loan of books, although the reading room remained free to all ; and 
 under this rule, up to February i, 1885, there had been 2,036 drawings of 
 books, and $124.03 received as Library fees. 
 
 THE LIBRARY CITRUS FAIR. 
 
 The next notable incident in the Library's history was the great Citrus 
 Fair held in the Roller Skating Rink (a large frame building which then 
 stood on the northwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton street), on 
 March 3, 4, 5 and 6, 1885. The special committee to work up and manage 
 this undertaking, the most extensive of anything yet attempted, was T. P. 
 Lukens, Dr. O. H. Conger and H. N. Rust. To advertise this Fair, and 
 advertise Pasadena at the same time, Mr. Rust and others got out a pamphlet 
 of 96 pages [2,000 copies of it], receiving enough advertisements from 
 business firms in Pasadena and Los Angeles to pay the cost of printing it. 
 Seventeen pages of this first " boom " pamphlet were devoted to a catalogue 
 of the Library, the first ever printed. The Fair proved a great success and 
 turned $531 into the Library treasury. [For some additional particulars, see 
 article entitled " Second Great Citrus Fair," in chapter r6]. 
 
 In the spring of 1886, when the "'boom" tide was flushing its phe- 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 205 
 
 nomenal rise, the School Trustees subdivided their central five acres into 
 city lots and sold them at auction. [For particulars of this event see chapter 
 9], The lyibrary lot had 17 years of its leasehold yet to run,* and hence 
 the society was allowed to bid it in for $170 — and within a year thereafter 
 they sold it for $10,000, not including the building, it being removed to a 
 small lot on Dayton street for which they paid $1,496 cash. And this year 
 the first classified catalogue of the lyibrary was issued. 
 
 From the annual report of the Library trustees, made in December of 
 this year, I quote here a few points : 
 
 "Taking charge of its affairs in January 1886, we tound the Library 
 out of debt but with only $23.30 in the treasury, and no assured income 
 from any source. A series of entertainments was at once inaugurated, with 
 the following results : 
 
 In January [1886] a parlor theatrical given by Dr. W. F. 
 
 Channing and family yielded net to the library $ 65 00 
 
 In February, Mrs. S. K. Merritt's concert at Williams Hall 160 00 
 In March, the net receipts from the floral and citrus fair in 
 
 Williams' Hall were 477 05 
 
 Total $702 05 
 
 The funds thus obtained, together with the monthly dues from sub- 
 scribers, have paid the monthly expenses ever since, besides enabling us to 
 add by purchase over 300 volumes to our collection of books. We have now 
 on our shelves about 1,700 volumes, and their use is steadily increasing 
 with their number. 
 
 About six months ago, by the aid of both of our enterprising local news- 
 papers, we asked for offers of lots for future use of the library. Four excel- 
 lent offers were made to us — all without price. They were as follows : 
 
 1. From Messrs. Painter & Thomas, a lot on the corner of Fair Oaks 
 Avenue and the new extension of the same. We deemed this too far from 
 the center of the town, [junction of Fair Oaks and Lincoln Avenue]. 
 
 2. From Dr. E. S. Carr, a lot on the east side of Pasadena Avenue 
 north of Colorado street. This also we feared would be liable to the same 
 objection. 
 
 3. From E. C. Webster, of the free privilege of building above the 
 one-story walls he proposed erecting on two lots [50x100 feet], on the south 
 side of Colorado street, opposite the Exchange Block [Carlton hotel]. 
 
 4. Offer made by Charles Legge, who after frequent consultations with 
 our Committee in charge of this matter, has executed in favor of our Society 
 a heavy bond for the conveyance to it, on or before January i, 1888, of that 
 centrally located and spacious lot fronting 100 feet on the east side of the 
 new Raymond Avenue by 150 feet on the south line of Walnut street ; pro- 
 vided, that meantime our Society shall have erected thereon, and paid for, 
 without incurring any debt, a brick or stone building, to cost not less than 
 $25,000 ; and that the property shall not be alienated, or incumbered, or 
 used for other than library purposes during the life of the grantor. 
 
 * When the railroad was built it took a strip 15 feet wide by 306 feet long off" from this lot and never 
 paid a cent for it. The whole right-of-way through the city was donated, the people were so anxious to 
 get their first railroad. 
 
206 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 At the annual meeting of the library Association, June 13, 1888, there 
 were 1610 shares represented, out of a total of 1990 shares of stock that had 
 been issued. The officers then elected were C. T. Hopkins, president ; 
 Abbot Kinney, vice-president; Mrs. S. E. Merritt, secretary and librarian ; 
 L. C. Winston, assistant secretary; Otto Froelich, treasurer; H. N. Rust, 
 Dr. W. F. Channing, Charles M. Parker, and Chas. I^egge, additional 
 directors. Enoch Knight, attorney. President Hopkins in his annual re- 
 port said : ' ' We had made all arrangements for the external completion of 
 the building during the past year at a total cost of $17,604, leaving the in- 
 terior finish and painting to be provided for hereafter. * * But 
 the contractor for the brick and stone work failed after completing half the 
 walls." This failure caused much embarrassment and delay, for this con- 
 tract was to have been completed by October 31, 1887, and now they had 
 to enforce continuance of the work by the bondsmen for the contractor, 
 the Tehachipi Building Stone Co. of Los Angeles ; but the delays and 
 troubles with other contracts caused by this delinquent one proved dis- 
 astrous. 
 
 A later report, in 1888, says the lot was valued at $16,000 ; and that in 
 default of the conditions being fulfilled by the Library society, the property 
 should revert to the grantor or his representatives. And after reciting 
 these conditions of the grant as made and accepted in 1886, this 1888 re- 
 port further says : 
 
 "Plans were then obtained and contracts let for the construction of a 
 beautiful stone edifice in the Romanesque style.* The internal finishing 
 was not contracted for, the entire available resources of the Society being 
 exhausted in paying for the walls and roof, which as the building now 
 stands, have cost $20,000. This cost has been defrayed out of the proceeds 
 of the two lots owned successively by the Society, and by individual sub- 
 .scriptions. The hard times following the reaction from our late "boom " 
 made it utterl}^ impossible to obtain further contributions from the residents 
 of Pasadena, and Mr. Legge has kindly extended the time for another year, 
 ending December 31, 1889. About $5,000 is required to finish the building 
 — in default whereof it will become the property of Mr. L,egge, should he 
 see fit to assert his rights, and the Society will then be stripped of all its 
 property except the books upon its shelves." 
 
 The Library managers, by counting on " boom " pledges that had been 
 given for their building fund, represented that $6,000 would finish the 
 building and pay up all outstanding obligations, and secure the whole 
 property, worth $36,000, as a permanent Public Library belonging to the 
 whole community. And upon this assurance and belief a few public 
 spirited citizens came to the rescue by raising the money on their joint note, 
 which I here give as a notable historic document : 
 
 ♦The green stoue ami tlic buff stone in this biiiKling are from iiuairies only half a mile apart in the 
 Tehachipi mountains ; while the marble pillars are from the quarry at Coltou. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 207 
 
 $6,000. Pasadena, Cal., Oct. 31, 1888. 
 
 Two years after date, without grace, for value received, we, or either ot 
 us promise to pay to the order of "The Pasadena Public Library and Village 
 Improvement Society," at the First National Bank of Pasadena, the sum of 
 Six Thousand Dollars — with interest at the rate of ten (10) per cent, per 
 annum. Interest payable semi-annually. 
 
 W. Aug. Ray, J. Banbury. R. Williams, 
 
 James Smith, Wm. T. Clapp, J. B. Corson, 
 
 M. Rosenbaum, Joseph Wallace, C. E. Langford, 
 
 J. M. Radebaugh, B. Talmadge, H. H. Markham, 
 
 Thos. F. Croft, J. B. Young, C. H. Rhodes, 
 
 S. Washburn, O. S. Picher, T. P. IvUkens, 
 
 W. T. Vore, CM. Skillen. 
 
 This syndicate appointed Col. W. A. Ray, who was then President of 
 the San Gabriel Valley Bank, as its Trustee, with J. B. Corson, J. B. Young 
 and Thos. F. Croft, as an Advisory Committee; and the next day, Novem- 
 ber I, the Ivibrary Society deeded their property on Dayton street in trust to 
 the makers of the note. Its managers then went on with their building 
 work and other matters until the $6,000 was all used up — and now, instead 
 of having the building completed and all clear of incumbrance, they were 
 still about $3,000 behind yet, and debts still accumulating, because so many 
 of the boom-time pledges to their building fund utterly failed to be paid, 
 besides increased cost of building and other matters. 
 
 To aid the struggling Society in raising funds, Miss Anna Picher and 
 a few others worked up an Art L,oan Exhibition, to be held for ten days in 
 the unfinished new I^ibrary building. This was the most ambitious and 
 elaborate Art lyoan show that had yet been attempted on the Pacific coast ; 
 and having been in some sort repeated yearly ever since, it became an his- 
 toric event which has won fame to Pasadena in literary and art circles both 
 East and West, through illustrated periodicals and descriptive pens, and 
 therefore calls for some account here. The Exhibition commenced February 
 9, 1889,* with the following daily order of events as announced : 
 
 "Senor Arturo Bandini will daily conduct a Spanish conversazione upon 
 suggested subjects of interest to strangers." 
 
 1. Opening Day. — W. U. Masters, master of ceremonies. Formal 
 opening of the Exhibition, by Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb. 
 
 2. Forestry Day. — Under the patronage of Mrs. Eliza A. Otis of the 
 Los Angeles Times. Mrs. Jessie Benton Fremont, special guest of the Asso- 
 ciation on this day ; and an address by Hon. Abbot Kinney, State Forestry 
 Commissioner. 
 
 3. Children's Day. 
 
 4. Russian Day. — With exhibits from Alaska by T. P. Lukens, Capt. 
 
 * On Jan. 8, 1889, occured the sixth annual election of the Library Society, and out of a total of 1763 
 shares, 1303 were voted. The trustees than elected were H. N. Rust, L. C. Winston, Dr. W. F. Channiug, 
 S. Washburn, Prof C. F. Holder, J. W. Vandevort, B. M. Wotkyns. And the officers chosen by this 
 board were Rust, President ; Chauning, Vice-President ; Otto Froelich, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. 
 Merritt. Librarian. So these were the people put forward to wrestle with the " busted boom " of the un- 
 finished new Library building. 
 
208 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Chittenden and Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, and Russian tea served by Mrs. Jewett 
 in genuine Russian costume. 
 
 5. Mexican Day. — With reception to Don Antonio F. Coronel of Los 
 Angeles, and exhibit of his rare collection of Mexican relics.* 
 
 6. Spanish Day. — With reception to Senator Del Valle, and an ex- 
 hibit of relics from his hacienda of Camulos, the reputed home of "Ramona. " 
 
 7. Oriental Day. 
 
 8. California Day. — Mrs. Margaret Wilson, widow of Hon. B. D. 
 Wilson, former owner of the Rancho San Pasqual, will pour tea ; and Mrs. 
 J. De Barth Shorb, his daughter, loans a chair carved from wood of the 
 old San Gabriel Mission. 
 
 9. Chinese Day, or "Feast of Lilies." — The Chinese candle-maker 
 will give a receipted bill in his own language. 
 
 10. Carnival Day, or "Feast of Lanterns." — Pageant conducted by 
 C. M. Stetson, the portrait painter, and Mr. Benchley of Los Angeles. 
 
 There were many other special exhibits, and persons engaged ; but the 
 above includes all that were of such distinctive historic quality as to call 
 for record here. The ten days' proceedings showed a vast resource of in- 
 genuity, enterprise, skill, working energy and steadfastness on the part of 
 the lady managers and their assistants ; yet the incidental expenses of so 
 large and varied and picturesque an undertaking ate up the proceeds and 
 left nothing for the Library fund. Therefore, on the last day, February 18, 
 1889, C. T. Hopkins, who had been president of the Library Association 
 when this new building was undertaken, and had himself given liberally 
 toward it,t made a strong appeal for aid in a public address, preceded by a 
 talk from Prof. Pickering of Harvard University. After setting forth 
 briefly the previous histor}^ present condition and prospective outlook for 
 the Library interest, Mr. Hopkins said : 
 
 "Pasadena has put $36,000 into this beautiful building, as its highest 
 expression of reverence for literature and art. Times are very hard with us, 
 and we can do no more. For want of $5,000 we stand in jeopardy of 
 losing the whole. Can there not now be found among you one liberal soul 
 who can and will advance that $5,000, and so save to the institution the 
 $36,000 now at stake ? If not one such, cannot two be found who will con- 
 tribute $2,500 each, or five of $1,000 each, or ten of $500 each ?" 
 
 The " liberal souls " called for by President Hopkins failed to show up ; 
 and court judgments, mechanic's lien attachments, delinquent taxes, pro- 
 fessional fees, etc., continued to accumulate against the new building until 
 it was finally sold at sheriff's sale, and Mr. Legge had to buy it in to save 
 himself. The whole property was now lawfully his own ; nevertheless, he 
 was still willing to donate the land for Public Library purposes, in accord- 
 
 *This Don Antonio was the man who made the nnsuccessfiil effort to carry to the citj' of Mexico a 
 flap captured from tlie American troojjs in their disastrous defeat at the battle of DoniiiiKuez ranch, Sau 
 Pedro, Oct. 8, 1846, He was the special friend and helper of Mrs. 11. H. Jackson in gathering material 
 for her famous story of " Ramona." 
 
 tMr. Hopkins gave $1,000 in money, and 300 books. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 209 
 
 ance with his original agreement ; and with this understanding Mr. J. B. 
 Corson set about to see if the city would not buy it, and support the Library 
 as a public institution. He consulted several lawyers about the matter, and 
 they said, under the very limited powers ot a " city of the Sixth class," as 
 Pasadena was, there was no law or authority by which the city trustees 
 could appropriate funds for such a purpose. But W. E. Arthur "took issue 
 with the older attorneys on this, and gave a written opinion that there was 
 law and authority for it. Frank J. Policy was then the city attorney, and 
 he concurred with Mr. Arthur's opinion. Upon this, Hon. A. G. Throop, 
 " Father Throop," who was then a member of the city board, said, " It is a 
 good thing, a right thhig for the city to secure the Library propert3^ and 
 make it a free public institution." Some other members, under adverse ad- 
 vice of other lawyers, were afraid it was not good law — and the times were 
 too hard, anyway — the city expenses were already burdensome — the 
 city's management of the library would become a political job — and various 
 other "lions in the way " loomed up through the fog. But "Father 
 Throop " championed the cause both in public and private until he had won 
 every member of the city board to his view. Thereupon they submitted to 
 public vote a proposition to issue $8,500 of city bonds to purchase the 
 Library property, finish the building, etc.; and this was carried by a large 
 majority on January 14, 1890. 
 
 Meanwhile, Col. Ray, as trustee for the syndicate, was buying up the 
 outstanding small debts of the old society ; and on January 23, 1890, his 
 attorney, W. E. Arthur, filed in court these assigned claims amounting in 
 the aggregate to $979.55. On March 26, 1890, J. B. Corson was made 
 trustee of the syndicate in place of Col. Ray, who was removing back 
 east ; in fact, Mr. Corson had done most of the work, anyway, toward get- 
 ting things into shape to save the Library from being broken up, scattered, 
 and wiped out entirely by bankruptcy.* April 4, 1890, the Library Society, 
 by W. F. Channing as acting president, and L. C. Winston as secretary, 
 made to Mr. Corson as trustee of the syndicate a quitclaim deed of all the 
 Library Society's property on Dayton street — consideration, $1. Also a 
 friendly suit was entered in the Superior court, with Arthur as attorney 
 for the Syndicate trustee, and M. C. Hester attorney for the Library So- 
 ciety ; and on August 3, 1890, the latter allowed the case to go by default, 
 so that the title of the Library, lot, books, fixtures, etc., on Dayton street 
 was by decree of court vested in J. B. Corson as trustee. All this was to 
 enable him to convey the books, etc., to the city, and to sell the lot for bene- 
 fit of the makers of that $6,000 note. They paid Mr. Legge the costs 
 which he had necessarily incurred in redeeming the new building at sheriff's 
 sale, and he engaged to convey it to the city as soon as the building should 
 
 *March 16, 1888, the Library property was sold to the state for delinquent taxes amounting to 
 I46.32 But it was redeemed by the Society on October 26 of the same year at a cost of $65.68. 
 
 14 
 
2IO HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 be completed without incumbrance, in accordance with his original offer to 
 the now defunct Library Society. 
 
 On December ii, 1889, a special committee consisting of city trustees A. 
 G. Throop, and W. W. Mills, and city attorney F. J. Policy, reported to the 
 council that they had invoiced the books, fixtures, etc., of the Library 
 and valued them at $3,042. Then on April ig, 1890, the city council pur- 
 chased this property from the syndicate trustee, J. B. Corson, for $3,000, 
 payable in city bonds. The post of librarian now became a city office ; and 
 on April 21, Mrs. S. E. Merritt was duly appointed by city authority to the 
 same place she had filled ever since the library was started in 1883, and 
 which she holds yet, 1895. 
 
 The syndicate had paid out, besides the original $6,000, about $1,100 
 to meet outstanding liens, judgments, and other legal claims against the 
 Library property, and about $1,000 of interest on their note — making a 
 total of $8,100. And in return they received $3,000 of bonds from the 
 city, and finally $950 for the old Library lot on Dayton street* — a total of 
 $3,950; so that these twenty citizens had thus contributed $4,150 outright, 
 in their public spirited work to save and firmly establish the free Public 
 Library.! Charles Legge also generously co-operated with them and is en- 
 titled to equal credit. The city clerk in February, 1894, reported the 
 Library property valued thus: lot and building, $25,000; books, maps, 
 documents, etc., $6,500; furniture, $300. Total, $31,800. 
 
 On April 29, 1890, the first board of City Library Trustees was appoint- 
 ed, consisting of J. W. Vandevort, C. T. Hopkins, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, 
 W. U. Masters, Geo. F. Kernaghan. The new Library building was com- 
 pleted by the city, and fitted, furnished, and books moved into it, so that on 
 Admission day, September 9, 1890, its doors were first officially opened to 
 the people of the city, with speeches by Abbot Kinney, T. P. Lukens, 
 " Father Throop," and others. 
 
 The only historic episode in Library history during 1891, was on Octo- 
 ber 23, when the eastern members of the National Librarians Congress at 
 San Francisco visited Pasadena on their return trip. They had a special 
 train of five Pullman cars. The Daily Star of October 23, gave a full list 
 of their names, places of residence, and official positions. The Board of 
 Trade and City Library officers gave them a ride through the city, a floral 
 reception in the Library building, and a banquet at Hotel Green. 
 
 The city clerk's annual report for the year ending February 28, 1894, 
 gives some statistics which will serve to show how the Library is managed 
 and its expenses met by the city. The library officers for 1894 were : S. 
 
 ♦C. E. Langford bought their interest in the lot and building for $950 onlv a few weeks before his 
 death. The two secret Orders of A. O. U. VV. and I. O. G. T. owned the second story of the building for 
 Lodge rooms. 
 
 tMarch 20, 1895, T. F. Croft, T. P. Lukens and J. B. Corson met as a committee to make a final 
 closing up of the affairs of the library syndicate, and found a balance of $2.25 remaining for each one of 
 the original twenty signers of the $6,000 note which saved the library in 1S8S. 
 
DIVISION THREB — BRAINS. 211 
 
 Washburn, president of board ; Geo. A. Gibbs, secretary ; C. M. Parker, 
 O. S. Picher, J. W. Vandevort, trustees. Mrs. S. E. Merritt, librarian, 
 Miss Laura B. Packard, assistant librarian. The following table I take 
 bodily from the city clerk's report above referred to : 
 
 LIBRARY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Salary of Librarian, $50.00 per month $600 00 
 
 Salary of Assistant Librarian, $25.00 per month 300 00 
 
 Salary of Janitor, $15.00 per month 18000 
 
 Lighting 175 69 
 
 Fuel 103 00 
 
 New Books 1,208 67 
 
 Freight and drayage on books 18 33 
 
 Subscriptions to magazines and papers 159 10 
 
 Binding books and magazines 82 60 
 
 Printing lists and blanks 40 31 
 
 Stationery and postage '. 24 15 
 
 Brooms and brushes 2 20 
 
 Notary fees 50 
 
 Repairs on building, painting, etc 153 05 $ 3,047 60 
 
 The total amount of Library bonds issued in 1890, was $8,500, at 7 per 
 cent, interest. And at the date of the above report there were $6,800 of 
 these bonds still outstanding. 
 
 In August, 1894, the librarian made her annual report to the board of 
 trustees, and from it I glean a few points of historic interest for preservation. 
 She says : 
 
 " The support of the library is derived from a tax levy on all taxable 
 property within the city limits, the assessment being 5 cents on each $100, 
 two fifths of which goes to the library sinking fund and three-fifths to the 
 maintenance of the library. The apportionment to the library department 
 for 1893-94 was $2,736.92." 
 
 The total number of books then in the library was 7,044. The total 
 number of card-memberships for drawing out books was 2,781. The library 
 had been open to the public on 360 days during the year, and 43,982 books 
 had been drawn out by card, while 8,273 ^lad been drawn for u.se in the 
 library reading rooms. A charge of 50 cents per month or $1.25 per quarter, 
 in advance, is made for membership cards to persons residing outside the 
 city limits. During the year 90 books had been rebound, 12 discarded, and 
 207 repaired in the library workroom. Eighty-two periodicals were regu- 
 larly received ; and the total outlay for supplying the literature tables for 
 the year was $154.40. The fees from non-resident borrowers had amounted 
 to $43.75 ; and fines for keeping books out over time were $179.65. 
 
 ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS. 
 
 President C. T. Hopkins of the Pasadena Library Association delivered 
 a public address February 18, 1889, on the early history and pressing needs 
 of the Library enterprise. And in this address he said : 
 
 " We have in private hands four large collections — in Mineralogy, Geo- 
 logy, Conchology and Archaeology — ready to be placed on exhibition in 
 
2 12 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 our museum as soon as it is finished. We have an Academy of Sciences 
 ready to arrange and utilize them." 
 
 The Academy of Sciences referred to was organized in January, 1886, at 
 the residence of Hon. Delos Arnold, on Kansas [now Green] street between 
 Fair Oaks and Raymond Avenues. Mr. Arnold was elected president of the 
 society. Other members were : Prof. C. F. Holder, Dr. Wm. F. Channing, 
 Dr. N. D. Van Slyck, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, Maj. H. N. Rust, Frank J. 
 Policy, Esq., J. R. Greer. C. T. Hopkins, and others. The "museum" 
 mentioned by Mr. Hopkins was never provided for in the Library building. 
 The Academy of Sciences, however, has never disbanded, but holds a nomi- 
 nal existence yet, although in a state of quiescent dormancy. And the 
 ' ' collections ' ' mentioned have become historic, giving prestige and fame to 
 Pasadena, as follows : 
 
 Mineralogy Collection. — This belongs to Hon. T. P. Lukens, and 
 comprises specimens of every sort of mineral that has any commercial value, 
 ever found in Los Angeles County, besides others from all over California 
 and the other mineral bearing states of our own country, and many other 
 parts of the world. There are also specimens of fossil wood found in exca- 
 vations at lyos Angeles city, and from other places ; and fossil fish and leaves 
 from our local " fossil hill," down the adobe road toward Los Angeles. Mr. 
 Lukens had a complete catalogue of his collection made in June, 1895. 
 
 Geology Collection. — This was Dr. Ezra Carr's, which amounted to 
 some tons weight and had lain in their shipping boxes, unshelved, ever 
 since they were brought to Pasadena in 1880. In 1S94 this valuable accum- 
 ulation of specimen fossils, minerals and rock types was donated to Throop 
 Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 CoNCHOLOGY COLLECTION, — Hon. Delos Arnold has the largest and 
 finest accumulation of scientific material in this line of any man in the State, 
 I suppose — and all systematically arranged and classified— a total of about 
 25,000 .specimens. Among these are some 1,500 different living species or 
 varieties of mollusca, about 400 species of which are found on the Pacific 
 coast, and at least half of these occur in Los Angeles county. More varie- 
 ties are found at San Pedro Bay and vicinity than at any other one point 
 from Alaska to San Diego. AJso about 300 species of fossil shells have been 
 found at San Pedro and Deadman's Island. In Mr. Arnold's collection as a 
 whole, there are specimens representative of every age in the geological 
 scale, from the lower Silurian up to the living present. And some 25 or 30 
 specimens from this Pasadena collection were illustrated in Vol. 8, of the 
 State Geological Reports of Illinois, published in July, 1890 — one of them 
 being Actinocrinus Arnoldii, which Mr. Arnold himself discovered in a quarry 
 near Marshalltown, Iowa ; it was named by the professional experts, and 
 pronounced the only specimen of its species known in the world. These 
 illustrations were borrowed and used in ' ' North American Geology and 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINvS. 
 
 213 
 
 Paleontology," by S. A. Miller, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1889 — this work being 
 issued some months before the Illinois State Report was gotten through the 
 press. Mr. Arnold made generous donations from his collection to the 
 State Normal School at Chico ; to the Smithsonian Institution at Washing- 
 ton, D. C. ; to the Pasadena High School; and to the Throop Polytechnic 
 Institute. In addition to his wonderful collection of shells and crinoids, 
 mostly the gatherings of his own hands, Mr. Arnold has made canes from 
 about one hundred different kinds of rare woods, shrubs and plants that 
 grow in this semi-tropic clime, but not in the more northerly portions of our 
 country, and hence have a fascinating interest to our Eastern visitors, as well 
 as a scientific value in themselves. 
 
 Archeology Collection. — Maj. H. N. Rust had what was deemed 
 the finest collection in this branch of science on the Pacific coast at the time 
 President Hopkins referred to it, as above quoted. In 1892 it was sold to 
 Frank G. Logan of Chicago, and was exhibited in the great World's Fair 
 there in 1893. Mr. Logan afterward donated it to the Congregationalist 
 college at Beloit, Wisconsin, and it there abides. 
 
 Mrs. Lowe's Collection. — Since the date when President Hopkins 
 alluded to the four collections then here, another one has been brought to 
 Pasadena which quite overtops them all in the comprehensive magnitude 
 and marvelry of its completeness both as to number and quality of the 
 specimens, nine-tenths of them being the choicest of their kind. It com- 
 prises thirty-one distinct and different collections, made by Mrs. Leontine 
 Augustine Lowe herself (wife of Prof. T. S. C. Lowe) during the past forty 
 years — and she is still adding to it. The collection of curios alone has cost 
 $150,000, and comprises some of the rarest old paintings, old laces, tap- 
 estries and costumes — relics of rank and royalty ; carvings, sculptures. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF PROF. T. S. C. LOWE. 
 
 There are basenieut rooms under the entire building, and all occupied by Mrs. 
 Lowe's unique collection. 
 
214 HIS'TORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 coins, mosaics, and other relics of classic antiquity. In the department of 
 Mineralogy alone there are 80,000 specimens, comprising every known 
 metal or its ores, and every species of precious stones, both cut and uncut ; 
 every species of marble, onyx, agate, alabaster, etc., etc. Rare old books — 
 some made by hand about A.D. 1430, before the art of printing was in vogue, 
 and others along up the far-away centuries. In Ceramics there are rare vases 
 and table ware of ancient royalty ; Venetian porcelains of most exquisite 
 quality and in great variety ; a set of table ware used by George Washing- 
 ton while he was President ; etc. In fact, all branches of natural science, 
 all phases of artistic skill, and all zones of the earth are liberally repre- 
 sented in this unique collection, which is estimated to contain over 300,000 
 specimens. Of Indian baskets alone there are 547, and no two alike. In 
 the field of Ethnology the exhibits are most extensive, comprehensive, ver- 
 satile and instructive. Mrs. Lowe had a passion for making collections, 
 from her early childhood ; and this great Museum represents her life-work 
 and life-play, besides raising a family of seven girls and three boys — all 
 still living, and all vigorous, healthy and bright people. The collection is 
 to be placed in a fire-proof building erected purposely for it on Echo Moun- 
 tain. In her search for rare specimens Mrs. Lowe has traveled around the 
 world. She enlisted the co-operation of scientists, travelers, mine-managers, 
 art collectors, antiquarians, curio dealers, high officials in different countries, 
 missionaries, etc., thus levying tribute on all lands. Her collection is said to 
 be the largest one now in private hands in the United States, and is without 
 doubt the largest one ever made by a woman in the world — hence its prom- 
 inence as a living incident in Pasadena history. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 The Pasadena Chronici^e. — During the spring of 1883 it began to 
 be talked that Pasadena ought to have a newspaper of her own. Most of 
 the talkers, however, thought the place was not big enough yet, and were 
 not willing to put money into such a dubious enterprise. In July a printer 
 named C. M. Dalej^ offered to start a paper here if some of the citizens 
 would lend him their credit so he could get his type-setting and press- work 
 done at the Los Angeles Times office.* Ben E. Ward was the only Pasa- 
 dena man who had faith and grit enough to make the venture, and he be- 
 came Daley's surety for the printing contract. So, on August 8, 1883, the 
 first number of the Pasadena Chronicle came forth, and was the first printed 
 newspaper for the place. It went in Daley's name, but Ben E.Ward, assisted 
 by his brothers Frank and Walter, did the editing and the Pasadena 
 business for it, and at the end of two months he had to pay the printing 
 bills himself. Daley was no help in the matter at all, and Ben then took 
 
 * Mr. H. C. O'Bleness set the type and printed the Pasadena Chronicle from its first number until 
 Febrnary, 18S4, when types and press were first lirought to Pasadena. The same man is now with the 
 Kingsley-Uarnes & Nei'iner Co., and was assistant foreman on the work of printing this History. 
 
DIVISION Three — BRAINS. 215 
 
 full charge and rau it in his own name as editor, with Frank and Walter 
 Ward as associate editors. 
 
 In November, 1883, H. W. Magee and J. W. Wood bought the paper 
 and tried their 'prentice hand as editorial helmsmen. In January, 1884, 
 Magee sold his interest to J. E. Clarke ; and the only copy of the Chronicle 
 that I have been able to find, bore date " Thursday, January 24, 1884. Vol. 
 I, No. 24. J. E. Clarke and J. W, Wood, editors and proprietors." It 
 contained a report of a meeting of about forty persons, just held at the 
 Sierra Madre Villa hotel, to talk up a College project for Pasadena. It 
 mentioned that the Public Library was open only on Wednesdays and Sat- 
 urdays from 2 till 4:30 p. m.; Wm. Doyle, acting librarian. It gave only 
 four churches — the Methodist, then meeting in Williams Hall; the Presby- 
 terian, in their own house down on California street ; the Episcopal and 
 the Baptist societies met in Library Hall. It gave as a local item of note, 
 that on Monday, January 21, 1884, 51-7 letters were received at the Pasa- 
 dena postoflfice, and two sacks of papers. Its printing was still done at Los 
 Angeles. But in February, a practical printer named E. N. Sullivan was 
 added to the firm ; a stock of type and a hand press were bought ; the 
 paper was enlarged to eight columns per page, it having had only six be- 
 fore ; and the name was changed to 
 
 Pasadena and Valley Union. — The first issue was on Saturday 
 February 16, 1884, by the three-headed firm of Clarke, Wood & Sullivan. 
 And as an historic incident of this time, Mr. Wood writes me : 
 
 "J. W. Hugus kindly lent his assistance to put 'in case' the first 
 supply of type ever brought to Pasadena. He worked a week gratis, 'just 
 to get his hand in,' as he expressed it then, for he was an old printer." 
 
 Sullivan soon dropped out, leaving the firm as Clarke & Wood again. 
 Then on November 22, 1884, Mr. Clarke, on account of continued illness, 
 sold his interest to Mr. Wood and retired, and the plucky J. W. W. carried 
 it alone till about Christmas week, when he met with an accident by which 
 a leg was broken and his back severely injured, so that he had to give up 
 all business for the time. And on January 10, 1885, he sold the establish- 
 ment to Charles A. Gardner, an old experienced editor, who at once took 
 hold of the concern with vim and enterprise. 
 
 April 10, 1885, J. ,E. Clarke comes on deck again, having bought from 
 Gardner a half interest in the paper ; and from this date the firm was 
 Gardner & Clarke. In April, 1886, during Citrus Fair week, a small daily 
 called Union /?^«/(7r was issued, and the Los Angeles Times oi April 15, 
 said : 
 
 "The latest addition to the family of Southern California journalism is 
 the Pasadena Union Junior. The "Gem's" little, but a lively daily. 
 Mother and child are doing well, and "the old man " — Br'er Gardner — is 
 likely to pull through." 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF PASADRNA. 
 
 This was the first daily ever published in Pasadena ; * but after Fair 
 week the Union Junior dropped down to a semi-weekly instead of a daily 
 issue. 
 
 June 25, 1886, a practical printer named Athel B. Bennett became a 
 partner, and the paper once more had a three-headed firm to devour its 
 revenues. On August 6, they issued a great commercial and industrial 
 edition of eight pages ~ a sort of "boom " sheet. 
 
 September i, 1886, J. E. Clarke bought Gardner out, so the firm was 
 now Clarke & Bennett. They suspended the Union Junior^ but on Sep- 
 tember 26 they enlarged the weekly, making it nine columns instead of 
 eight to the page. Bennett soon retired, and Clarke became sole proprietor. 
 
 The next move was to form a stock company, which was accomplished, 
 and the "Union Publishing Co." was incorporated June 16, 1887, the in- 
 corporators being P. M. Green, J. E. Clarke, J. E. Howard, R. M. Furlong, 
 W. U. Masters, J. W. Wood, and Bayard T. Smith. The business flourished 
 and went on well until the real estate boom collapsed ; then every kind of 
 business fell into a sort of sickly decline. Clarke and Howard sold their 
 stock to Dr. John McCoy ; and in April, 1887, he became its editor. Its 
 decline was now more rapid, and bankruptcy both in business and prestige 
 soon followed. The Publishing Company made assignment to J. W. Wood, 
 who became manager and editor. f Mr. Wood is a man of grit and pluck; 
 and he held his grip and kept the paper going for nearly a year longer, in spite 
 of very embarrassing adverse conditions. The owners of the plant were 
 now J. W. Wood, W. U. Masters and R. M. Furlong, the two latter being 
 leading democrats, w^hile Mr. Wood, the editor, was a republican. The 
 Union's business and good will were finally sold August 31, 1888, to the 
 Daily Star ; but the plant, which was leased to the weekly Journal during 
 its short struggle for existence without survival as the fittest, was at last 
 sold off in detached lots as opportunity offered. And Mr. Wood writes 
 pathetically : " The poor Union died of too much ' management ; ' but it 
 was on an expense-paying basis when I sold it to the Star.'' 
 
 The Pasadena Star. — This paper was first issued on Wednesda)^ Feb- 
 ruary 9, 1887, as a weekly, 8-column folio, edited and published by H. J. Vail. 
 Mr. Vail had formerly published a paper called the Star at New Sharon, Iowa, 
 and thus brought the name here. On August 18 of the .same year it was en- 
 larged to 9-column folio. Next, in October it was changed to octavo form, and 
 has retained that form ever since. The paper was professedly Republican in 
 politics, but it was also pro-liquor, — for the editor in a lengthy editorial 
 
 *" The Pasadena Star says it was the first daily of Pasadena. Not sor The Union was the fiist, as 
 the writer hereof has painful occasion to remember, having been ass enough to start it himself." — East 
 Los AngeUs Exponfnt (Chas. A. Gardner then its editor/. — September /S, j<SSg. 
 
 " Correct ; and the writer hereof did some pencil pusliing for that first Daily Union, but kept at 
 a safe distance from the heels of the ' ass !" — Pasadena Stanilard, September 21, iSS<). 
 
 tj. W. Wood, the druggist, is now editor of the Daily Union. Don't know if there is fire enough 
 in that Wood to give more light than the evening 'Star.— /"ajarf^wa Standard, February 2, /SSy. 
 
DIVISION Three — brain.s. 217 
 
 condemned and opposed the unanimous decision of the United States 
 Supreme Court that the brewers and distillers of Kansas were tiot entitled 
 to payment for their liquor factories, etc., by the State when it enacted pro- 
 hibition. The entire eight judges of the highest court in our country con- 
 curred on this point, December 5, 1887 ; but the Pasadena Star's editor said 
 they were all wrong (Daz/y Star, December 17, 1887), and boasted that he 
 had maintained the same brewery ' ' compensation ' ' doctrine while he was 
 an editor in Iowa. This "compensation" theory was the doctrine of 
 almost the entire democratic party and press, as well as of all the liquor 
 organizations in the country, the latter having spent over $50,000 in their 
 great contest against the State of Kansas on this issue. [So much of ex- 
 planation was necessary, to show wkat sort of a Republican paper the Star 
 was, under its first administration, and to throw an important sidelight on 
 sundry matters of evil import in Pasadena's history, up to April 7, 1890]. 
 
 The Star was first issued as a daily paper on Wednesday, February 9, 
 1887, in 7-column folio form. On Saturday, June 25, same year, it was en- 
 larged to a 9-column folio. Then on Monday, November 7, it was changed 
 to 7-column octavo form and has retained that form ever since, though 
 eventually reduced to a 6-coIumn page. 
 
 August 3, 1889, the Star purchased the business and good will of the 
 Unio7i ; and on the next Monday, September 2, the paper carried the double 
 head of Daily Star and Daily Unio7i — this being necessary to make valid 
 the completion of some advertising contracts belonging to the Union. In 
 an editorial on the long struggle of both papers for bare existence, the Star 
 said : 
 
 ' ' Both papers remained in the field ; both fought for existence ; each 
 preferred that the other should die. * * Thus the life-and-death 
 struggle continued until more than $25,000 had been lost in the newspaper 
 business in Pasadena."-^ 
 
 Pasadena was always strongly republican in its political character, but 
 the Star was never a satisfactory representative of the better element of its 
 party ; and when financial embarrassments thickened around it they would 
 not come to its rescue without an entire change of administration — it must 
 sell out to better men, or go down. And that is how it happened that the 
 paper appeared on Saturday, April 5, 1890, bearing at its head the old names, 
 H. J. Vail, editor ; W. ly. Vail, manager : then on the ensuing Monday bore 
 the names, "Star Publishing Co., Geo. F. Kernaghan, manager." The 
 new company was represented by Hon. P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, Geo. F. 
 Kernaghan, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe and T. P. lyukens, as a board of directors, 
 Mr. Kernaghan being in charge of the property, under full warrant of power 
 
 ♦Among the books, papers and documents turned over to the Star office when the Union sold out 
 to it were the unbound files of the latter, after January, 18S7, rolled and tied in bundles. And when I 
 was trying to find these files for my history research I was told that they had been thrown into a heap 
 with old exchanges and sold off for waste paper— hence destroyed beyond recovery. 
 
2l8 HlsrORV OK PASADENA. 
 
 to oversee and direct the editorial conduct of the paper, as well as the 
 mechanical and business affairs connected with it. Messrs. Green, Ball and 
 Kernaghan were each signers of $ioo notes for the prohibitory Enforcement 
 Fund ; and Mr. Lukens had made a similar note for the original enactment 
 or " Indemnitv Pledge" fund; hence, it will be seen, the conduct and 
 course of the paper \\ould be very different, both in its general political 
 quality and in its local bearings. 
 
 On May 27, 1S90, the Sftir first appeared with this formula at its head : 
 "Geo. K. Kernaghan, president anil manager; J. S. Glasscock, secretary- ; 
 First National Bank, treasurer." 
 
 On May 19. 1S91, Charles A. Gardner^ bought out Mr. Kernaghan 's 
 interest, and became manager and editor in his stead. Mr. Gardner then 
 gradually bought out the other shareholders until he became sole proprietor ; 
 and that was the situation on Jauuar}- i, 1S95, '^vhen the business had been 
 worked up l>y diligent, patient and perservering effort through the 5'ears 
 of business depression to a good paying basis — and a great 16-page New 
 Year edition was issued in good heart. 
 
 Theodore Coleman became city editor of the Sfar in June, 18S6. and 
 has held the place ever since. His natural aptitude for the work, and his 
 uniform courtesy and fairness as a reporter, have given him a prestige and a 
 staying hold which few men can reach in that field. 
 
 TiiK Pasadkn.\ Standard. — This paper was started in iSSS, to sus- 
 tain Pasadena's anti-saloon ordinance and policy, for an account of which 
 see Chapter 13. The first number appeared on Saturday, December 22, iSSS, 
 with Dr. H. A. Reid as principal editor, and H. N. Farey as business mana- 
 ger. The editorial salutatory was only two lines, thus; "Folks, we're 
 here; and hereof you'll hear more herein and hereafter." 
 
 Heading the first column on its first page was the following original 
 poem : 
 
 "NO S.\I.OON IN THE V.\LLEV." 
 
 Rise, Pasadena ! uiarch and drill 
 
 To this your bugle's rally — 
 "A church or school on every hill, 
 
 And NO S.\LOON IN THE V.\LLEV." 
 
 Stand firm in rank, but do not boast 
 
 Too soon your victory's tally ; 
 You "hold the fort" for all the coast 
 
 For NO SALOON IN THE V.-V1.I,KV. 
 
 The seige is on, the bombs aflight ! 
 
 Let no true soldier ilally : 
 For truth and right, for HOME we tight. 
 
 Anil NO SAI.OON IN THB VAI.LEV. 
 
 Then let your Standarh, full unfurled 
 
 On every street and alley. 
 Pledge Pasadena round world 
 
 For NO sai.oon in the vallev. 
 
 •Mr. Gardner was editor of the Anahfim Go:etlf in 1S71-7J ; of the daily and weekly .Vii^ij Rfgistrt . 
 iSyji to 1S75 ; of the HfUnn Star, 1S75 to 1SS4 ; of the f\isaiUHa Unton, 1SS5-S6 ; of the Ru'tal CitU/ormian, 
 Los Angeles, iSSc to 1S8S. 
 
DIVISION three; — BRAINS. 219 
 
 The paper was issued in six-column (|uarto form five weeks, and then 
 for want of financial support was suspended ; but every dollar of its indebt- 
 edness was paid. Next, after conference with friends of the cause. Dr. 
 Reid and wife decided to reduce the size, reduce its cost as much as possible, 
 and continue it themselves, purely as a missionary work. Accordingly, on 
 January 26, 1889, their first number was issued, in size of page that could 
 be printed on a job press — and the presswork was contributed by H. N. 
 Farey & Co., job printers, for more than a year, as their part in aid of the 
 good work. Mrs. Reid, although over sixty years old, did canvassing, col- 
 lecting, type-setting, folding, mailing — anything to help. Another woman 
 over sixty-six years old, who had never touched a type before, learned to 
 set type, and gave her time occasionally for several months to help get out 
 the paper. Two men who were carpenters by trade did the same thing. 
 Three different boys did the same thing. And six different practical 
 printers [type-setters], both men and women, sometimes lent a hand. The 
 Standard o'i November 9, 1889, said : 
 
 "Last Saturday Mrs. Reid was absent, and four ladies came and helped 
 us about our mailing-day work — pasting, folding and wrapping The Stand- 
 ard. Three of them were past sixty years old — and 'the old lady' being 
 away, we 'young folks' just had a picnic." 
 
 On August 24, 1889, in reply to a correspondent who wanted the paper 
 enlarged, the editor said : 
 
 "The suggestion is very clever, but is not practicable. Small as The 
 Standard is, we are issuing every week a better paper than the income pays 
 for. In fact, we could not issue it at all but for the mechanical help which 
 has been donated more or less every week thus far since about February i . " 
 
 An Anti-Saloon Republican city convention was held March 29, 1890, 
 to nominate candidates for the city offices. [For an account of this, see 
 Chapter 13.] Then arrangements were made to issue The Stayidard as a 
 daily during the campaign ; and the first number of its ' ' Daily Edition ' ' 
 bears date April 3, i8go ; and eight numbers were issued, or until Saturday, 
 April 12, the election occurring on Monday, the 14th. The paper was 
 finally suspended, its debts all paid, and its printing outfit offered for sale, 
 on May 3, 1890, being Vol. Ill, No. 19. Among his closing statements the 
 editor said : 
 
 "The recent change in the management and control of the Daily Star 
 makes the special work of The Stajidard no longer necessary. The new 
 City Trustees have given their pledge of honor not to permit any sort of 
 liquor saloon business within the city limits. The NEW Daily Star will 
 co-operate with them in this and every other good work that is right and 
 proper for the city's general welfare. * * We gladly retire to private 
 life again, feeling that OUR FI.AG IS STIEE THERE." 
 
 All-Saints Record. — In February, 1889, Rev. G. A. Ottman, rector 
 of All-Saints Episcopal church, started a monthly paper in three-column 
 
220 HISTORY OF PASADENA. • 
 
 octavo form, with above name. It was devoted entirely to the local inter- 
 ests of the Episcopal parish and denomination. Mr. Ottman resigned his 
 rectorship here and returned east in April, 1891 ; the paper was then sus- 
 pended five months, or until October, 1891, when its publication was 
 resumed by the new rector, Rev. Wyllys Hall, D. D., and has been con- 
 tinued regularly since. It is sustained by business men using it as an 
 advertising medium. 
 
 The Critic. — In February, 1888, J. M. Shawhan started a paper 
 under this name, devoted to "society gossip, criticism, literature, music, the 
 drama," etc. Shawhan was a drinking fellow, and in a few months his 
 paper became a special organ of the liquor interest in Pasadena, and then 
 rapidly declined. By December 8 it ceased to be a Pasadena publication, 
 but was dated at Los Angeles. Then Shawhan couldn't pay his printing 
 bills, and gave it up to a firm who changed its name to Life, and continued 
 it a while. Mr. Shawhan had some dratriatic talent, and went touring as a 
 member of a traveling theater company. 
 
 Weekly Pasadenian. — In October, 1885, Major J. D. Gilchrist, 
 brother-in-law to Gov. H. H. Markham, started a paper here; and the 
 Union of October 23, said : 
 
 "The Weekly Pasadenian made its appearance on Thursday, and we 
 now have a contemporary in very truth. Mr. Gilchrist, the editor and 
 publisher, extends to us the courtesies of the fraternity in a spirit of good 
 will. We are pleased to return the compliment, and shall aim to prove that 
 with its success the Union is not selfish." 
 
 I could not learn of any but the one number of this paper ever being 
 issued. It was printed at L,os Angeles, where Major Gilchrist owned a 
 large printing establishment himself. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Bulletin. — In August, 1887, the Pasadena 
 Real Estate Exchange was organized with a purported capital stock 
 of $100,000, and opened its doors for business on September i, in 
 the Eldridge block in rooms fronting on Raymond Avenue. One 
 of its rules was, that all transactions "shall be recorded, bulletined 
 and PUBLISHED, for the information of members." This of course 
 made necessity for a daily paper of some sort to be issued to its mem- 
 bers ; and accordingly the real estate Bulletin commenced its regular 
 issue on September 4, 1887. I found with Dr. Lyman Allen one copy of 
 the Daily and one of the Weekly Bulletin, preserved as historic relics of the 
 "boom" time. This copy of the Weekly is dated February 20, 1888, is 
 marked Vol. i. No. 25, and contains 64 pages of printed matter 2^x7^ 
 inches in form. In it is a list of 142 Real Estate firms, 61 of which are only 
 one man, 47 have two members, and 34 have three or more members of the 
 firm or company. All but the first two pages are filled with classified list- 
 
DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. 221 
 
 ings of lots for sale, each one being listed by number, and the highest num- 
 ber in this edition is 2,171. The copy of the Daily which I found is also 
 dated February 20, 1888, and is marked Vol. i. No. 128. It says, "Office 
 hours 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m." Listing of property for the day closes at 
 2 p. m. Notice of change of price or of sale made closes at 4:30 p. m. 
 E. D. Hough was the Exchange '"manager," and editor of the Bzdletin. 
 The Association had its own type and press there in the office, and these 
 were its principal assets when the " boom " bursted. The expenses of the 
 Exchange office, including the printing of the paper, were met by quarterly 
 dues from the members, and this number of the Daily contains an urgent 
 call for the members to "pay up" their quarterage which fell due in Jan- 
 uary. The boom was already feeling a little sick. 
 
 The White Ribbon. — The Pasadena Standard of February 2, 18S9, 
 contained the following item : 
 
 " The White Ribbon is the name of a new paper just issued by the 
 State Womans Christian Temperance Union, from the press of H. N. Farey 
 & Co. Mrs. M. C. Lord edits it. The new paper is our little twin sister, 
 being the same size of page as the "little" Standard. It goes to every 
 member of the W. C. T. U. in South California, and 3,000 copies were 
 printed. It is monthly, and it is sprightly, at 25 cents a year." 
 
 The "Ribbon" was continued till 1894 with the same editor and 
 printers ; then it was removed to Los Angeles and edited and printed there. 
 
 The Pasadena Weekly Journal made its first issue on October 5, 
 1889. By the suspension of the Daily Lhiion, and other newspaper failures, 
 a number of Pasadena printers found themselves out of work — stranded on 
 the desert beach of a " busted boom," with no bread-and-butter croppage in 
 sight ; to meet this emergency, three of them, C. W. Jackson, F. S. Hearn 
 and W. H. Korstian, leased the material of the defunct Union and started 
 the Journal, hoping that, as they would do the work themseves it would 
 yield them at least a living. It was a neat paper, 7 columns to the page, 
 devoted to general news and the local interests of Pasadena. They issued 
 23 numbers, the last one bearing date of March 8, 1890. And the Pasadena 
 Standard of March 15, said : 
 
 "The Pasadena Journal suspended publication last Saturday. The 
 young men who started it made a good paper ; but the field was too full 
 already. They held on remarkably well, as it was, and retired with honor 
 and respect to their good intentions." 
 
 The Crown Vista. — Sometime in 1888 H. E. Lawrence started a 
 paper at the village of Sierra Madre, called The Vista. But about Novem- 
 ber I, 1 89 1, he moved his printing office to Pasadena, and on November 14 
 issued the first number of the Crown Vista, in pasted journal form, i2x 18 
 inch page. It gave much attention to local matters of Sierra Madre and 
 Lamanda Park, as well as Pasadena ; and varied in size — being 8, 10 or 12 
 
222 IIISTOKV Ol" TASADKNA. 
 
 pages, as occasion required. Suspended about May i, 1895, for want of 
 support. Then the office was sold to Ralph W. Strong of Monrovia (form- 
 erly Chicago) who revived the paper, making his first issue of it on May 
 25. 1895. June 22, 1895, he changed the name to Currott Topics. 
 
 Raymond Chit-Chat. — This paper seems to have been started in 
 1893, o'' perhaps earlier — but no particulars were furnished me. The Daily 
 Star o{ December 30, 1S94, said : 
 
 "The first number for the season of Chit-Chat, the Raymond hotel 
 organ, is to appear next Sunday morning under Mr. Cooper's editorial 
 management. The little paper was a decided success last year." 
 
 Thk Mount Lowe Echo. — On March 11, 1894, was issued the first 
 number of the Daily Mount Lowe Echo, with Prof. G. Wharton James as 
 editor. Its opening announcement said : 
 
 " Let the birth-bells ring ! Another child is born to the family of 
 California newspapers. As its name implies, the Mount Loxve Echo will 
 be an echo of the doings on and about Mount Lowe." 
 
 Its form is that of a wide 2-column folio, printed on heavy, calendered 
 book paper, in highest style of job printing art, and illustrated about twice 
 a week with full page and first-class photogravure plates. It is devoted to 
 the interests of the Echo Mountain and Mount Lowe region, with all its 
 connected enterprises, and people who visit or sojourn there. On March 17, 
 the first weekly edition was issued. Sub-scription price, $2.50 per year ; and 
 on sale at news stands at 10 cents per copy. The Mount Lowe R. R. Co. 
 has a complete printing office of its own in the Rubio pavilion, with 
 presses run bj'^ water power, and its printing is all done here. [See Chapter 
 23.] On April 27, 1895, the Echo suspended publication till January i, 
 1896, when the tourist season should be open again. 
 
 Thk Daily Evening News. — Early in October, 1894, W. S. Gilmore, 
 who had served long as the Pasadena local reporter of the Los Angeles 
 Times, conceived the project of starting a new daily paper in Pasadena. 
 His scheme matured rapidly, so that the "News Publishing Company" 
 was incorporated October 12, by W. S. Gilmore, W. C. Stuart, Isabel Bates 
 Winslow, C. Ornbaum, L. P. Hansen, J. W. Wood. The first board of 
 directors consisted of Gilmore, Stuart, Hansen, Wood, and F. C. Bolt, and 
 its officers were — Gilmore, president ; Stuart, vice-president ; Mrs. I. B. 
 Winslow, secretary ; San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer. The amount of 
 capital was $15,000. A complete newspaper and job printing outfit was 
 purchased ; the entire first floor of the Hopkins block, formerly occupied 
 by city officers, corner P'air Oaks avenue and Union street, was leased ; and 
 the Pasadena Daily Evening News, 7-column quarto form, made its first 
 is.sue on November i, 1894. I" politics. Republican. Number of em- 
 ployes, twelve. The day before Christmas it was issued as a special 
 
DIVISION THRKP: — BRAINS. 22,3 
 
 "charity edition," edited by thirty-four of Pasadena's well known citizens 
 and literary people, and resulted in furnishing $107.95 ^^ the Charity 
 Organization Society funds, as special income from this day's edition. 
 
 Thk Np;w Ej>ucation. — This paper was first issued December i, 1894. 
 It is an 8-page folio, published monthly in the interest of the Williams 
 Bu.siness College; and edited by Prof. J. T. Williams, the founder and 
 managing principal of this institution. 
 
 PASADENA'S LITp:RARY PEOPLE. 
 
 Hon. Dei.os Arnold: public addresses, published articles, etc., on 
 Paleontology and kindred sciences. Has himself collected and cla.ssifi2d 
 more original .specimens than any other man in Southern California. 
 
 IvYMAN Allen, M. D. : Author of " Political Problems " — 1892 ; and 
 other writings on national economics. 
 
 Arturo Bandini : Magazine articles ; stories of the chase, etc. 
 
 Mrs. Hp:len Elliott Bandini : Local correspondence ; stories, poems ; 
 varied contributions to periodical literature. 
 
 Dr. Kate Shki'Ardson Black : Topical papers ; public addresses ; 
 current literature. 
 
 Norman W. Camp, D. D. : Author of "Ritual Hand-Book of Praise 
 and Prayer." Washington, D. C, 1884. 
 
 lizRA S. Carr, M.D., LL. D.: Agricultural economics; geology; 
 public lectures. PMucational science ; large volume history of the Grange 
 movement. Author of works on "Child Culture," " Genesis of Crime," 
 " Claims and Conditions of Industrial Education," etc. [Died 1894]. 
 
 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr: Letters; reminiscences; botany; horticul- 
 ture ; historical writings ; varied contributions to published volumes and to 
 periodical literature. 
 
 Wm. F. Channing, M. D. : Author of "Manual of Magnetism," 
 1847; "Medical Application of Electricity," 1849; original patentee of 
 Fire Alarm Telegraph ; al.so of Inter-Oceanic vShip Railway ; a.s.sistant 
 geologist in U. vS. survey of Lake Superior mineral lands; member of ad- 
 visory council World's Congress of Electricians ; contributor to leading 
 magazines and scientific journals. 
 
 Mrs. Lou V. Chapin : Author of History for Children ; long time 
 editress of the Chicago Graphic ; magazine writer ; etc. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Clarke Chase: Author of "Driftwood," a volume of 
 poems published at Milwaukee, Wis., 1878. Was a frequent contributor to 
 leading journals and magazines. She and her sister, Medora Clarke, were 
 atone time famed in the middle west as "the poet sisters." She is pre- 
 paring another volume of her poems for publication in 1896 — and this will 
 be a Pasadena production. 
 
 James G. Clarke : Author of many popular poems and songs ; music 
 composer ; magazine writer ; editor. 
 
 Mrs. C. D. Daggett : Short stories; sketches ; dramatic pieces; etc. 
 
 Judge B. S. Eaton : Magazine literature ; reminiscences ; local pioneer 
 history. [Judge Eaton wrote many narratives of local history for this 
 volume]. 
 
224 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Rev. Eli Fay, D. D. : Contributor to the North American Review, 
 and others of the most scholarly eastern periodicals. Author of " Reason 
 in Religion" — 1895. 
 
 Chas. a. Gardner : Humorous poetry ; magazine literature ; editor. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham ; Stories and periodical literature. 
 " Stories of the Foothills," a volume published by Houghton, Miflin & Co., 
 N. Y., 1894. Stories mostly located in Southern California. A writer for 
 the Overland Monthly, Scribner's Monthly, Atlantic Monthlj^ etc. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell : Poems ; periodical literature ; author of 
 " How John and I Brought up the Child;" — a $400 prize story published by 
 the American Sunday School Union in 1894. 
 
 Charles Frederick Holder, EE. D.: author of numerous vol- 
 umes in science, and a prolific contributor to literary and scientific journals, 
 and the newspaper press. Author of "The Ivory King." "Marvels of 
 Animal Eife," and " Eiving Eights," all published by Scribner's Sons, New 
 York and Eondon. "Along the Florida Reef," D. Appleton & Co., New 
 York. "Elements of Zoology:" American Book Co., New York. "A 
 Strange Company :" D. Eathrop & Co., Boston. "Pasadena and Vicinity:" 
 Eee &Shepard, Boston. " Eife of Darwin," " Eife of Agassiz," Putnam's 
 Sons, New York. "A Frozen Dragon." 
 
 Caspar T. Hopkins, A. M.: author of "Manual of American Ideas," 
 — San Francisco, 1872 — a text book on civil government which went 
 through eight editions ; and he was negotiating with a Boston publishing 
 house for its re-issue when his death occurred, in 1893. He was for many 
 years a contributor to the Overland Monthly, and other Pacific Coast period- 
 icals, chiefly on economic questions. 
 
 G. Wharton James, F. R. A. S., etc.: Author of "Tourists' Guide 
 Book to South California," 1895: and other works. Also, lectures on 
 Astronomy, and other topics ; and the extensive and profusely illustrated 
 Mount Eowe literature. Editor of the Mo7int Lowe Echo. 
 
 President C. H. Keyes, of Throop Polytechnic Institute : Educa- 
 tional Science ; public lectures and addresses ; contriljutor to educational 
 journals. 
 
 Abbot Kinney: Author of "Protection vs. Free Trade" — 1884. 
 Forestry reports ; travels ; essays ; public addresses ; magazine articles. 
 
 Rev. Solon Eauer : Author of "Eife and Eight from Above:" Eee 
 & Shepard, Boston — 1895. And other works. 
 
 liLiAS Eongley : Author of "American Manual of Phonography," 
 and nine other works or text books on Phonography, Typewriting, etc. He 
 was the pioneer of phonography and phonotopy in America, commencing 
 his publications in this field of art at Cincinnati, O., in 1S49. 
 
 Mrs. M. V. Eongley : Author of standard text books on Type- 
 writing ; public lectures on Woman Suffrage ; etc. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Case Eord : Author of published work on "Bible 
 Wines," and other writings ; editor " vSouthern Cahfornia White Ribbon." 
 
 W. U. Masters : contributor to periodicals ; topical addresses ; public 
 lectures. 
 
 Pkoe. a. J. McClatchiE, A. M.: Author of "A Guide in the Study 
 of Plants " — 1893 ; contributor to scientific periodicals on Botany, Biology, 
 and kindred topics. [See chapter on Botany in this volume.] 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 225 
 
 Chester Gore Mili^er : Author of a book entitled " Father Junipero 
 Serra," a dramatic poem ; and other poems. 1894. 
 
 Miss Anna Picher : Author of Pasadena Art I^oan Souvenir pamph- 
 lets, in successive years from 1889 to 1895. 
 
 Prof. Frank J. PolIvEy : Antiquarian researches ; early history of 
 California ; topical papers, reports, public lectures, etc. 
 
 H. A. Reid, a. M., M. D. : Author of "The Heart I,ace," Daven- 
 port, Iowa, 1856 — the first volume of poems ever printed in Iowa; also 
 " Harp of the West," same place, 1858. Author of History of the State 
 of Missouri, 1881 ; and History of Lafayette County and City of Lexing- 
 ton, Mo. Author of History of Johnson County and Iowa City, the first 
 state capital, and the State University town ot Iowa — 1883. History of 
 Montgomery County and city of Red Oak, Iowa, 1880. Author of "Cal- 
 endars of Creation," showing the steps and stages of creational progress on 
 four different lines of evolution — 1879. Contributions to "Review of 
 Science," Kansas City, Mo. Topical papers, public lectures, etc., on Evo- 
 lution and kindred topics. 
 
 Mrs. Rachel F. Reid, M.D. : Stories ; poetry ; lectures to women 
 topical papers and addresses.* 
 
 Maj. Horatio N. Rust : Magazine articles ; antiquarian research 
 Indian Life. 
 
 Gov. Lionel A. Sheldon : Magazine contributor ; civil economics 
 political questions ; etc. 
 
 Eeias Smith, M. D.: Author of "Atlas of Surgical Operations,' 
 Peoria 111. — 1889. "Regional Anatomy for Beginners"; same date 
 Various anatomical and surgical charts for physicians. Invented and pub" 
 lished in 1889 a school mannikin that dissects into over thirty different 
 pieces, showing internal parts of the human body in their proportionate 
 size and proper place. In i860 he made some new discoveries in the polar 
 phenomena of electro-magnets, and invented electric batteries for use of 
 physicians. 
 
 Mrs. Grace Hllery Channing Stetson : Stories ; poems ; travels ; 
 magazine literature. 
 
 Mrs. Laura G. Stuntz : Some of her poems are printed in a volume 
 entitled " Poets of America," published in Chicago in 1891. Also in a 
 volume entitled "Woman in Sacred Song," edited by a Mrs. Smith of 
 Springfield, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Hannah E. Taylor : Poems ; dramatic pieces ; music. 
 
 Timothy B. Taylor, A. M., M. D: Author of "The Inebriate" — 
 Montpelier, Vt., 1865. "Old Theology Turned Upside Down or Right 
 Side Up, by a Methodist Minister," — Fort Scott, Kansas, 1871 ; but pub- 
 lished now by the " Banner of Light Co.," Boston. "Text Book on 
 Psychology" — to be published in 1895 96. This latter is a Pasadena pro- 
 duction. Author of sundry pamphlets and other writings on religious and 
 science topics. 
 
 Judge A.J. Utley: Author of "Free Coinage," — 1893; and other 
 works on Economic questions. 
 
 *Mrs. Reid was one among the first twelve women ever graduated from medical colleges in the 
 United States ; and as an Army Nurse she was the first woman mustered into the ser\'ice west of Wash- 
 ington, this being at St. Louis in September, 1861, when Gen. Fremont was in command there. 
 
 15 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 Isaac N. Vail: Author of "The Earth's Aqueous Ring "; West- 
 town College, Pa.— 1874. "The Origin of Coal," — 1884. "The Earth's 
 Annular Sj^stem " — Cleveland, Ohio, 1885. "The Great Red Dragon," — 
 1893. Editor " Vail's Annular World"; magazine, Eos Angeles, 1895. 
 
 Mrs. Elizakkth A. VorE : Stories; poems; treatises; periodical 
 literature. 
 
 John W. Wood, Ph. G. : Author of prize report on Pharmacy ; 
 poetry ; periodical literature. 
 
 PASADENA ARCHITECTURE. 
 Pasadena is justly famed for the tasteful elegance, the high-art styles 
 and the picturesque diversit}^ of types of its architecture, alike in public 
 buildings, in business blocks and in private residences. There is no archi- 
 tectural rut of sameness or monotony to be found here. And this historic 
 fact and feature is largely due to Harry Ridgway, the fir.st man who ever 
 opened an architect office and established the business as a regular profession 
 in Pasadena, which he did in 1878, and holds the field yet — 1895. His 
 
 Pclos Arnold 
 
 Mrs. Louise T.Cc 
 
 FOUR SIGHTLY HOMES. 
 
 idea was never to make two buildings exactly alike, but to utilize all the 
 .styles known to architectural science, ancient, mediaeval and modern, in 
 new comlMnations of artistic beauty and per.spicuous variety. He never 
 wanted any man to be able to point out any structure and say, " that's one of 
 Ridgway 's designs — it shows the earmarks of his s(v/e." He rather sought 
 and achieved that ideal freedom from " style " called the artlessness of art. 
 And others coming later brought additional novelties. Hence there are 
 many original and diverse combinations of Venetians, Normans, Eastlakes, 
 Old Spanish, Old Plantation, Italian, French Mansards, Ivnglish and Colo- 
 nial Dormers, Old Engli.sh Queen Annes, Old I-jiglish Elizabethans, multi- 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 227 
 
 gables of many styles ; villa combinations, haciendas, bays and towers 
 in great variety. In fact most of our local architects have seemed to catch 
 the spirit of the field as stamped by Mr. Ridgway, and tried to produce 
 something distinctly and worthily Pasadenian in architecture, in which 
 a few have succeeded. [A list of 100 buildings showing architectural types 
 I was obliged to omit for want of space]. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Pasadena in Politics. — Political Clubs and Party Representatives. — National and 
 City Election Tables. — Pasadena Men in High Office. — Story of the Postoffice for 
 twenty years. 
 
 PASADENA IN POLITICS. 
 
 There were twenty-seven members of the original San Gabriel Orange 
 Grove Association who selected and took possession of their several propor- 
 tions of the colony lands on Jan. 27, 1874. Of these twenty-seven founders of 
 Pasadena five were democrats, namely. Judge B. S. Eaton the president, A. 
 O. Bristol, A. W. Hutton, Ney Strickland and Henry G. Bennett ; all the 
 rest were republicans. But these five were not necessarily lonesome, for 
 nearly all the old settlers around were democrats, such as Gen. Stoneman, 
 Col. Kewen, Hon. B. D. Wilson, J. DeBarth Shorb, Col. Winston, John W. 
 Wilson, Jesus Rubio, etc. For all political or voting purposes the Rancho 
 San Pasqual was only a part of San Gabriel township.* Our colonists, 
 however, took measures at once to be formed into a new school district ; and 
 the first election ever held in Pasadena was for school directors, on Saturday, 
 September 12, 1874. Ten votes were cast, and unanimous choice was made 
 of Col. J. Banbury, H. G. Bennett and Dr. W. W. Edwards. No voting 
 except school elections occured here until 1876, when the San Pasqual school 
 district was allowed to vote as a separate election precinct of San Gabriel 
 township. And at the presidential election that year the polling place was 
 at the original colony school-house on lower Orange Grove Avenue, only a 
 few days, before its removal to the central school lot, this latter event taking 
 place November 10, 1876. This was the year of Hayes's election as presi- 
 dent ; and out of a dozen old settlers whom I consulted only J. H. Baker 
 remembered how the vote stood. He gives it as Republican, 60 ; Demo- 
 crat, 5 ; Greenbacker, 2. Total, 67. 
 
 Early in 1875 I. N. Mundell was appointed road overseer for the school 
 district ; and in 1876 he was succeeded by A. O. Bristol. 
 
 In March, 1877, Henry G. Bennett was appointed deputy county as- 
 
 *On Aug. 7. 1851, Shu Gabriel township was created by order of the Court of Sessions, and was to 
 include besides the Mission, " the Rai'chos San Pasqual, Santa Anita. Andres Duarte, Azusa, La Puente, 
 Las Coyotes, Nietos with all its lines of boundarv. Cienega, Mission Vieja with all its lines of boundary. 
 The residence of the authorities is in San Gabriel."— O/rf records, as died by Bancroft. 
 
228 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 sessor, and served continiioitsly for nine years. At the fall election this 
 year Maj. Erie Locke was elected justice of the peace for San Gabriel town- 
 ship ; and A. O. Bristol was elected constable, but declined to serve. 
 
 In 1878 Dr. T. B. Elliott and P. M. Green were delegates from Pasa- 
 dena to the republican congressional district convention ; and Mr. Green 
 here made his maiden effort in politics by offering a resolution in favor -of 
 civil service reform, which was adopted by the convention. 
 
 In 1879 P. G. Wooster was appointed deputy sheriff for Pasadena, 
 under county sheriff H. M. Mitchell, and was thus the first constabulary 
 officer of the new settlement. He was re-appointed deputy b)^ sheriff W. 
 R. Rowland in 1880. 
 
 In 1879 (special election) P. M. Green was nominated and elected as- 
 semblyman ; and this was Pasadena's first elective achievement in the politi- 
 cal field. The voting this year was at the Central School-house. Mr. 
 Green received 109 votes, and the democratic candidate received six. 
 
 In 1882 J. F. Crank, another Pasadena republican, was elected to the 
 assembly ; and Gen. Geo. Stoneman, democrat, was elected governor. But 
 I still found no record or report of any political club here. The Pasadena 
 vote in 1882 was, republican 136; democrat 30. The vote of San Gabriel 
 was, 73 republican and 119 democrat. 
 
 On March 29, 1884, a republican club was organized, with Col. J. Ban- 
 bury as president, and Ben E. Ward secretary ; and Banbury, Ward, and 
 H. W. Magee were appointed delegates to a convention at lyos Angeles for 
 choosing delegates to the State convention, and to decide on who Los An- 
 geles county would support for nomination as the republican candidate for 
 congress in the Sixth District. On this latter question four ballots were 
 had at Los Angeles, the last of which stood : for H. H. Markham, 78 ; for 
 Judge W. A. Cheney, 40 ; for E. F. Spence, 16. Then it was made unani- 
 mous for Markham ; and vSpence, Cheney, Magee, and others were ap- 
 pointed a committee to inform him of the result. Magee was appointed 
 one of the delegates to the vState convention at Sacramento ; and there on 
 July 23, 1884, Markham was nominated by the sixth district caucus, and 
 ratified by the convention. 
 
 September 19 the Pasadena republican club or caucus appointed dele- 
 gates to the county nominating convention, as follows : H. W. Magee, J. 
 Banbury, J. W. Wood, O. R. Dougherty, T. P. Lukens. The convention 
 was in session two days, September 24 and 25. J. W. Wood was one of its 
 secretaries. Magee was nominated for assemblyman. He went on making 
 the canva.ss ; but the last week in October he discovered that it required a 
 three years' residence in the State to be eligible for this office, and he had 
 only come here in 1883 —hence was ineligible. He at once resigned the 
 candidacy, and Col. J. Banbury was put on the ticket in his place, and was 
 elected. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 229 
 
 This is the first year that I found any published election returns from 
 Pasadena, and its vote on November 4, 1884, was : 
 
 FOR PRESIDENT. FOR CONGRESS. FOR LEGISL.'i.TURE. 
 
 Blaine, rep 270 Markham, rep 298 Col. J. Banbury, rep., 275 
 
 Cleveland, dem 59 Del Valle, dem 49 Abbot Kinney, dem. 56 
 
 St. John, prohib.,*.. 32 
 
 Butler, labor party*.. 4 
 
 Thus Pasadena precinct cast 365 votes for presidential candidates in 
 
 1884. But the vote for precinct officers ran up to 381 on justice of the 
 
 peace, as follows : 
 
 For Justice — T. P. Lukens, rep., 239 ; T. K. Bufkin, prohib., 8r ; E. S. Hereford, dem. 61 
 For Constable — H. C. Price, rep., 224; Geo. H. Little, prohib., no. 
 
 April 14, 1884, the first Prohibition club was organized, as a result of 
 lectures by the famous Mrs. J. Ellen Foster of Iowa. The officers were — 
 Stephen Townsend, president ; Dr. layman Allen, secretary ; S. D. Bryant, 
 treasurer. And the votes for St. John, Bufkin and lyittle, as given above, 
 showed their voting strength that year. 
 
 The first mention of any democratic political move in Pasadena is a re- 
 port of a meeting called by L. C. Winston at the Roller Skating Rink, 
 October 29, 1884, ^'^^ presided over by John W. Wilson. It was a mixed 
 affair, in which some republicans from San Gabriel took part, in opposition 
 to O. A. Stevens, a republican candidate for justice of the peace ; but the 
 real object of the meeting seemed to be in interest of the democratic candi- 
 date, E. S. Hereford, step-son of Hon. B. D. Wilson, who received 61 votes 
 in Pasadena precinct, as above noted. 
 
 In June, 1885, T. P. I^ukens resigned as justice of the peace, and 
 Charles A. Gardner was appointed by the county board of supervisors to 
 fill the vacancy. Hence Gardner was the incumbent when in 1886 the city 
 was incorporated, and he was then appointed Pasadena's first city recorder 
 or police judge. 
 
 The next electional event was the first vote for city trustees, which took 
 place June 7, 1886, the incorporation having been officially granted on 
 May 13. For particulars of this election, see Chapter 14 ; also Chapter 12, 
 
 This year affords the first formal notice that I found of a democratic 
 party meeting in Pasadena, and I quote it from the Union of June 18, 1886, 
 to show who were the leading democrats here at that time. The notice 
 read : 
 
 " A meeting will be held at 8 p. m. Saturday, June 26, in the school- 
 house, Pasadena. All who are in sympathy with the great principles held 
 by the Democracy are invited to be present. Abbot Kinney, E. C. Webster, 
 Bayard T. vSmith, H. G. Bennett, R. M. P^urlong, L. C Winston, A. O. 
 Bristol." 
 
 April 16, 1888, the city trustees canvassed the votes polled at the elec- 
 tion held on April 9, and found the following officers elected : 
 
 *The votes for Butler and St. John were never published in Pasadena, and I had to hunt up old 
 records in r,os Angeles to find them. St. John had 343 votes in the county. 
 
230 IIIvSTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 NAME. DREW LOT FOR. 
 
 M. M. Parker, city trustee, 2 years. 
 
 Edson Turner, city trustee, 4 years. 
 
 Stephen Townsend, city trustee, 4 years. 
 W. W. Webster, city trustee, 2 years. 
 A. G. Throop, city trustee, 2 years. 
 
 City Clerk, James H. Cambell. 
 City Treasurer, Jabez Banbury. 
 City Marshal, I. N. Mundell. 
 
 PASADENA'S PRESIDENTIAL VOTE IN 1888. 
 
 For President : 
 
 Harrison, Republican 350 
 
 Cleveland, Democrat 73 
 
 Fisk, Prohibition 63 
 
 FIRST 
 
 SECOND 
 
 THIRD 
 
 FOURTH 
 
 
 WARD 
 
 WARD 
 
 WARD 
 
 WARD 
 
 TOTALS 
 
 350 
 
 215 
 
 215 
 
 288 
 
 1,068 
 
 73 
 
 89 
 
 87 
 
 100 
 
 349 
 
 63 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 33 
 
 132 
 
 486 322 320 421 1,549 
 For County Treasurer : 
 
 Col. Banbury, Republican 359 233 226 308 1,126 
 
 Hewitt, Democrat 64 77 80 98 319 
 
 [The most remarkable local contest was on Col. Banbury's candidacy at 
 this time, and hence I preserve the vote, for its historic interest.] 
 
 The city election in April, 1890, had the maintenance of the city's anti- 
 saloon ordinance distinctly in issue ; and for particulars of that campaign 
 and the vote in the case, see Chapter 13. 
 
 In the county election A. J. Mclyachlan won the race for district attor- 
 ney ; and Col. Banbury was re-elected county treasurer. 
 At City election April 11, 1892, the vote stood : 
 
 For City Trustee — John S. Cox, Republican 509 
 
 Oscar F. Weed, Republican 485 
 
 Samuel H. Doolit*^le, Independent 9 
 
 For five others, one vote each. 
 
 For City Clerk — Heraan Dyer, Republican 532 
 
 Scattering 5 
 
 For City Marshal — ^John T. Buchanan, Republican 506 
 
 Scattering 9 
 
 For City Treasurer — W. U. Masters, Democrat 320 
 
 W. T. Vore, Republican 291 
 
 VOTE ON LIBRARY TRUSTEES. 
 
 Chas. M. Parker, 525 ; O. S. Richer, 522 ; Sherman Washburn, 523 ; 
 B. M. Wotkyns, 515 ; John W. Vandevort, 521. 
 
 This year C. M. Simpson, republican, of Pasadena was nominated and 
 elected to the legislature ; and J. DeBarth Shorb, democrat, was elected 
 county treasurer. 
 
 I found published reports this year of two political meetings, republican 
 on October 4, and democratic October 5, with lists of the men who were 
 
DIVIvSION THREE — BRAINS. 23 1 
 
 deemed sufficiently prominent and representative members of the two parties 
 to be called to sit on the platform as vice-presidents ; and I give these lists 
 here as historic memoranda of accredited party leaders at that time. 
 
 REPUBI.1CAN — OCTOBER 4, 1892. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by J. A. Buchanan, president of the 
 Pasadena Harrison club ; and after music by the band, the following list of 
 vice-presidents was read by the secretary of the club, Theo. Coleman : 
 
 Arturo Bandini, J. W. Scoville, J. W. Hugus, John McDonald, Prof. T. 
 S. C. Lowe, B. M. Wotkyns, W. B. Rowland, Calvin Hartwell, Col. O. S. 
 Picher, Mavor O. F. Weed, T. P. Lukens, M. H. Weight, Capt. A. Wake- 
 ley, Col. Chase, Capt. Geo. T. Downing, B. F. Ball, P. M. Green, Judge H. 
 W. Magee, W. E. Arthur, M. D. Painter,- Governor L. A. Sheldon, C. C. 
 Brown, A. H. Conger, J. S. Cox, Thomas Banbury, Frank C. Bolt, S. Wash- 
 burn, W. I.. McAllister. J. W. Wood, H. J. Vail, M. h. Clark, H. H. Rose, 
 W. H. Wiley, Wesley Bunnell, J. R. Greer, Jr., Rev. L. P. Crawford, 
 James H. Cambell, Ben W. Hahn, C. A. Gardner, Col. J. M. Irvin, Geo. 
 D. Patten, R. H. Williams, R. H. Knight, Fred Swift, Heman Dyer. N. S. 
 Bangham, John T. Buchanan, W. S. Wright, W. R. Staats, W. S. Gilmore. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC — OCTOBER 5, 1892. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by W. U. Masters, president of the 
 Democratic club, upon whose request W. D. McGilvray, secretary, read the 
 following list of vice-presidents [Pasadena names only given] : 
 
 R. M. Furlong, W. C. Stuart, A. R. Metcalfe, Judge Enoch Knight, 
 W. D. McGilvray, E. C. Winston, A. O. Bristol, Jas. Clarke, Dr. H. S. 
 Slaughter, Dr. R. J. Mohr, J. B. Stoutenburgh, W. E. Wotkyns, A. J. 
 Wright, Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb of San Gabriel, Hon. Geo. S. Patton of San 
 Gabriel, Bayard T. Smith, George Hermann, C. F. Harris, Joseph Simons, 
 Lucien E. Walker, H. C. Allen, Saml. Palmateer, Jas. Blatenburg, C. H. 
 Ryan, A. Thorns, John Simons, Judge B. S. Eaton of South Pasadena, A. W. 
 Armstrong, Ed. Kennedy, Peter Steil, Prof. C. H. Keyes, Dr. H. Sherk, 
 L. C. Torrance, H. G. Bennett, W. T. Grimes, H. B. Belt, F. B. Colver, 
 W. B. Scarborough, R. C. Guirado, A. R. Stoed, J. R. Matthews, J. C. 
 Kays, M. P. Snyder, W. T. Martin, J. R. Pitts. 
 
 The presidential vote of Pasadena this year, 1892, stood : 
 
 HARRISON CLEVELAND WEAVER BIDWELL 
 
 Rep. Dem. Popul't Prohib. 
 
 Precinct No. i 98 20 10 38 
 
 Precinct No. 2 145 36 30 53 
 
 Precinct No. 3 103 45 32 14 
 
 Precinct No. 4 84 31 14 12 
 
 Precinct No. 5 106 45 31 13 
 
 Precinct No. 6 150 46 18 28 
 
 Totals in city 
 
 686 223 134 158 
 
 North Pasadena 116 32 25 32 
 
 South Pasadena 64 37 14 18 
 
 Alhambra 124 68 16 7 
 
 San Gabriel 66 83 4 2 
 
 Eamanda 66 27 22 ■ 9 
 
 Sierra Madre 67 29 8 4 
 
232 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 [I have given the vote of these six adjacent precincts also, becciuse they 
 are settlements historically within Pasadenaland, and the figures were ready 
 at hand.] 
 
 At the city election on April 9, 1894, the vote stood as follows . 
 
 For City Trustee— John B. Cahill, prohibitionist 113 
 
 James Clarke, democrat 379 
 
 H. M. Hamilton, republican 693* 
 
 T. P. Lukens, republican 762* 
 
 Peter Steil, democrat 191 
 
 Andrew J. Utley, populist 153 
 
 Sherman Washburn, republican 856"^ 
 
 For City Clerk — Heman Dyer, republican 1054* 
 
 No other candidate for this otfice. 
 
 For City Treasurer — Henry C. Hotaling, republican 846* 
 
 Philander G. Wooster, prohibitionist 210 
 
 For Cit}^ Marshal — John T. Buchanan, republican 905* 
 
 John S. Withiel, populist 162 
 
 The new officers took their places on Monday, April 16, 1894; and 
 T. P. IvUkens was elected President of the Board of Trustees, or "Mayor " 
 as commonly spoken of [January 2, 1895, John S. Cox was elected presi- 
 dent — then, in July a pair of twin boys zvere born to him /] 
 
 MEN CHOSEN TO HIGH OFFICE. 
 
 List of Pasadena men who have held State, County or National offices, 
 or other public positions of high responsibility and trust : 
 
 CoL. J. Banbury: assemblyman, 1885-86; county treasurer, 1888 to 
 1892. 
 
 Thomas Banbury : director for sixth congressional district of the 
 state agricultural commission. Appointed May 5, 1891. 
 
 Chas. W. Bf;ll : representative of Los Angeles county at the World's 
 Fair in New Orleans, September to December, 1884. 
 
 Dr. Ezra S. Carr : state superintendent of schools from December 
 I, 1875, to January 5, 1880. 
 
 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr: deputy state superintendent — same time. 
 Member of state silk commission, 1884 to 1894. 
 
 Dr. Wm. F. Channing : member administrativ^e council of the 
 World's Congress of Electricians — 1892. 
 
 J. F. Crank: assemblyman, 1881-82. 
 
 Z. Decker: public administrator, 1886 to 1888. 
 
 Benjamin S. Eaton, associate justice of Los Angeles county court 
 of sessions, 1854-55; di.strict attorney, 1855 56 ; associate justice again 
 1 862-63. t [Judge Eaton was also city assessor of Los Angeles in 1857, 
 and city clerk, 1863 64.] 
 
 •Elected. 
 
 +" From the organization of the comity in 1850 to the creation of the board of s\ipervisors in 1S52, 
 the court of sessions Iconsistiugof the county judge and two associate justices) administered thecivil af- 
 fairs of the county, in addition to their ordinary judicial functions." — Hist. Los Angeles Co. iSSo, p. so. 
 On January i, fSSo, the court of sessions was supplanteil by the superior court, as now in vogue. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 233 
 
 Thomas J. Fleming : county treasurer, 1893 to 1895. 
 Manuel Garfias : county treasurer, 1850 51. 
 P. M. Green : assemblyman, 1879 to '81. 
 
 Dr. John S. Griffin : county superintendent of schools, elected June 
 7, 1856 ; coroner, 1862 to '65, 
 
 C. F. Holder : trustee of State Normal School at lyos Angeles, 
 1890 to '92. 
 
 Col. E. J. C. Kewen : district attorney, 1860-61 ; assemblyman 1863 
 to '65. [Col. Kewen had been attorney general of the State from December 
 22, 1849, to August 13, 1850, before he came to lyos Angeles county and 
 settled at our Pasadena " Old Mill."] 
 
 Prof. C. H. Keyes : president Throop Polytechnic Institute ; mem- 
 ber Advisory Council National Educational Association. 1895. 
 
 Abbot Kinney: U. S. Indian Commissioner, 1881 to '83; State For- 
 estry Commissioner, from May, 1886 to 1890. 
 
 Enoch Knight : Register U. S. Land office at Eos Angeles, 1893-4-5, 
 during President Cleveland's second term. 
 
 T. S. C. EowE : State Commissioner of Yosemite Park, 1892-94. 
 
 T. P. LuKENS : trustee of State Normal School at Eos Angeles, 
 1892-94. 
 
 H. W. Magee : state inspector of banking institutions, 1894-95. 
 
 A. J. McEachlan : district attorney, 1890-92 ; congressman 1895-96. 
 H. H. Markham ; congressman, 1884-1886; governor, 1890^94. 
 John McDonald : commissioner of deeds at Pasadena for the States 
 
 of Arizona, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New 
 York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Washington. 
 
 E. T. Pierce : principal State Normal School at Chico, 1889-92 ; 
 principal State Normal School at Eos Angeles, 1892-95. 
 
 Dr. H. a. Reid : member for Wisconsin of United States Sanitary Com- 
 mission, 1861-64. 
 
 Capt. D. R. Risley: U. S. Marshal, 1884 to '88, during President 
 Cleveland's first term. 
 
 H. N. Rust : Commissioner of Immigration, 1886; U. S. Indian 
 agent, 1891-93 ; member and secretary of board of judges in department of 
 Ethnology at World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. 
 
 J. DeBarth Shore : member at large of State Viticultural Com- 
 mission. 1890-94 ; county treasurer, 1892-93. [Resigned, and Fleming 
 appointed to fill vacancy]. 
 
 C. M. Simpson : assemblyman, 1892-94; state senator, 1895. 
 
 Gen. George Stoneman : governor, January, 1883 to January, 1887. 
 
 W. H. Wiley : State Agricultural Commissioner for 6th Con- 
 gressional district, 1892 94. 
 
 B. D. Wilson: U. S. Indian agent, 1852 53 ; member of county 
 board of supervisors, 1853, and 1861 to 1865 ; state senator, 1855-57; ^"^ 
 again 1869 to 1872. 
 
 John W. Wood, Ph. G.: member State Board of Pharmacy, 1891 
 to '95- 
 
 Waldo M. York : judge of superior court, Eos Angeles county, 
 1893 ^^d 1895. 
 
2 34 HISTORY OP PASADENA. 
 
 THE STORY OF THE POSTOF"FICE. 
 
 For ten years after Pasadena's settlement by Americans it was com- 
 monly called the ' ' Indiana Colony ; ' ' and it was more than two years after 
 the date of settlement before a local postoffice was obtained ; but none of 
 the old settlers could tell with any certainty just when they began to have 
 a postoffice of their own. I pursued the inquiry among them for nearly a 
 year, and the nearest to any definite date I could get was, that Miss Jennie 
 Hollingsworth (now Mrs. J. R. Giddings) remembered that she wrote a 
 letter during the colony picnic in the old oak grove at Lincoln park on July 
 4, 1876, and there was no postoffice here then, for she had to .send her letter 
 to lyOS Angeles for mailing. For several months before a local office was 
 finally obtained, young Morton Banbury, son of Col. J. Banbury, kept up a 
 sort of " free delivery " service for all the lower portion of the colony. He 
 was attending school in Los Angeles and rode back and forth every day on 
 his own pony. The mail for these people all came to Los Angeles ; and 
 ever}' day after school he called at the postoffice there for the colony mail, 
 and distributed it on his way home to such families as lived on the line of 
 his ride. He did this merely as a neighborly accommodation ; and was as 
 careful and anxious and painstaking to do it satisfactorily to the people 
 served as if he had been getting a good salary for it. As the months wore 
 on and the mail matter increased, the little kindness which he had set out 
 to do for the neighbors became a serious burden of care and overtaxing 
 labor, in addition to his daily ride of eighteen miles on horseback and his 
 daily work to keep up with his classes ; and he broke down under the 
 strain, took sick, and died September 4, 1877. 
 
 I did get a few random points in regard to the first efforts at securing 
 a postoffice, but nothing definite enough to call "history" ; and at last I 
 wrote to Washington explaining my dilemma and appealing for reliable in- 
 formation. In reply I received the following : 
 
 Post Office Department, 
 Office of the Fourth Assistant Po.stmaster General. 
 Washington, D. C, February 9, 1895. 
 
 Respectfully returned to the writer, with the desired information at- 
 tached : 
 
 OFFICK POSTMASTER DATE OF APPOINTMENT 
 
 Pasadena Josiah Locke (established) March 15, 1875 
 
 Pasadena Office di.scon tinned Dec. 
 
 Pasadena Office re-established Sept. 
 
 Pasadena Henry T. Hollingsworth Sept. 
 
 Pasadena Arthur S. Hollingsworth June 
 
 Pasadena Romayne Williams April 
 
 Pasadena Albert O. Bristol July 
 
 Pasadena Bayard T. Smith Oct. 
 
 Pasadena Frank H. Oxner March 
 
 Pasadena Willis U. Masters June 
 
 Pasadena George F. Kernaghan='= March 19, 
 
 •Mr. Kc-riiaKhan's certificate or commission is dated February 20, 1S92, to run four years from De- 
 cember :6, 1891. It is signed by Henj. Harrison, President, and by S. A. Whitfield, acting Postmaster- 
 General. 
 
 30, 
 
 1875 
 
 21, 
 
 1876 
 
 21, 
 
 1876 
 
 18, 
 
 1879 
 
 7. 
 
 1880 
 
 31. 
 
 1885 
 
 25. 
 
 1^86 
 
 25, 
 
 1887 
 
 20, 
 
 1887 
 
 19. 
 
 1891 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 
 
 235 
 
 From the records, as will be seen, the office of Pasadena was first es- 
 tablished March 15, 1875, and was afterward on December 30, 1875, Discon- 
 tinued; and was re-established September 21, 1876. The office was made 
 third-class [appointment vested in the President] on the appointment of 
 Albert O. Bristol, July 31, 1885. R. A. Maxwell, 
 
 4th Asst. P. M. General. 
 
 The original colonists had set out to establish their business center in 
 the vicinity of Orange Grove Avenue amd California street. [See oak tree 
 cut, page 167.] The school-house was first built there, and the first two 
 churches were in that vicinity. The name Pasadena wa^ formally adopted 
 by the colony Association on April 22, 1875; but it seems to have been 
 agreed upon in the petition for a postoffice prior to this action, for the date 
 March 15, 1875, is given when the name first appears in the records at 
 Washington. Josiah Locke (uncle to Seymour Locke, now a well-known 
 business man of Pasadena), who was first named as postmaster, then owned 
 and occupied thirty-five acres along the north side of California street 
 where the Garfield school and Congregational church now stand, and up to 
 Orange Grove Avenue. The postmaster's salary was set at hvelve dollars 
 per year. Mr. Locke declined to serve.* No reports were made to the De- 
 partment, for nobody else seemed willing to incur so much care and respon- 
 sibility for so little pay ; and accordingly the whole record at Washington 
 was canceled, and Pasadena as a postoffice name was snuffed out. 
 
 Meanwhile the new settlement east of Fair Oaks Avenue had been de- 
 veloping rapidly ; and L. D. Hollingsworth had erected a small building of 
 up-and-down rough boards, making a room 20x30 feet, where McDonald 
 Brooks & Co.'s office now stands — No. 7 East Colorado street. Here he 
 opened a small store to accommodate the settlers, so they would not have to 
 go or send to Los Angeles for every little purchase of family supplies. But 
 a postoffice? Where was the self-sacrificing individual who would be wil- 
 ling to serve as postmaster for Oiie Dollar per month ? Young Henry T. 
 Hollingsworth finally came to the rescue, threw him.self in the breach and 
 "filled a long-felt want." He was going to open a watchmaker and jewel- 
 er's window in his father's store, and so he consented to act as postmaster. 
 Accordingly a new petition for mail service was sent to Washington, and 
 Pasadena was revived or re-established as a postoffice, with H. T. Hollings- 
 worth as postmaster, September 21, 1S76. D. M. Graham was then here as 
 an invalid, and had taken to driving his two-horse buggy daily between 
 the colony and Los Angeles, partly as an out-door recreation for his own 
 health, and partly as an accommodation for the settlers and their winter visit- 
 ors. And he took the contract to carry the mail on this new route, thus be- 
 coming the first official who ever made a mail deliver)^ in Pasadena. Yet I 
 
 *Mr. Locke died at Indianapolis, Ind., March 5, 1885. He had been connected with several news- 
 paper enterprises in his life ; and in a biographical sketch of him the Indianapolis lournal said : " He 
 spent a couple of years in California and planted an orange grove at Pasadena, which he sold but a few 
 weeks ago [to H. W. Magee], the grove costing him $2,500 and selling for $17,500. He was for about a 
 year in Chicago, as manager of The Advance [the Congregationalist paper]." 
 
236 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 found it impossible to learn the exact date or any particulars of this first 
 delivery. Mr. Graham died in 1893; ^^^ Mr. HoUingsworth in 1895, is 
 keeping a large jewelry store in Los Angeles 
 
 The postoffice being finally established at the Colorado and Fair Oaks 
 corner instead of the California and Orange Grove corner, was a grievance 
 to the original colony people in the latter vicinage.* Then in November of 
 the same year [1876] the original colony school-house on lower Orange 
 Grove Avenue was moved up to the new five-acre school lot given by B. D. 
 Wilson just across the street from the HoUingsworth store. And this was 
 another grievance to the Orange Grove people. [For fuller particulars, see 
 chapter 9 : " Annals of the schools ".] 
 
 S. Washburn afterward owned the HoUingsworth store for awhile but 
 was not postmaster. Romayne Williams clerked for Washburn, and became 
 postmaster April 7, 1880 ; then he bought out the store business himself and 
 put up a new building of his own — since known as the Williams Hall block, 
 and itself a pantheon of historic associations. On February 27, 1883, he 
 moved the store into his new building, and of course the postoffice went with 
 it. In the old place there were only 27 postoffice boxes ; in the new place 
 there were 360 boxes. Pasadena had grown so rapidly as to justify this 
 large increase ; and Mr. Williams was always a man to keep full up to the 
 front line of the procession — in fact generally a little ahead. In August, 
 1882, this had been made a money order office, while yet in the old building. 
 
 When Cleveland became president, in 1885, of course it was "innings" 
 for the democrats. Pasadena had always had a republican postmaster ; but 
 now the time for a change had come, and A. O. Bristol, one of the only five 
 democrats in the original colony Association, was commissioned postmaster 
 July 31, and took possession of the office September i, 1885. During 1886 
 the business increased so much that it was found necessary to seek larger 
 and better quarters for it. The Union of March 5, 1886, said : 
 
 "The Pasadena postoffice is doing a big business. Its money orders are 
 over $60,000 a year ; its supplies for this quarter amount to $1,000 ; about 
 1,000 letters daily are received ; registry business last quarter, 234 packages 
 sent and 258 received. The fine new quarters provided last Fall are already 
 too small for the public, though large enough inside for the postal work ; and 
 the 420 boxes (253 "call " and 167 lock) are insufficient for the demand." 
 
 March 15, 1886, the San Gabriel Valley Railroad first contracted to 
 carry the mail between Los Angeles and Pasadena, this service having be- 
 fore been done by W. T. Vore's hack line, after D. M. Graham gave it up. 
 
 The estimates and allowances for postal service are made annually one 
 year in advance ; and hence there is no provision at Washington for such 
 mail -bag booms in local postoffices as Pasadena experienced early in 1886. 
 The allowance for clerk hire at Pasadena proved utterly inadequate to meet 
 
 *A new 'postoffice called " Ilerinosa " was establislied at corner of Columbia street aiul Sj'Ivan 
 Drive, Jan. 3, 1883, but afterward had the uame changed to South I'asadena. [See Chap. 35.] 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 237 
 
 the emergency. Bristol \va.s a man of good grit ; and he held on till he wa.s 
 completely snowed under with accumulations of mail impossible to be dis- 
 tributed, even with the extra help he had hired out of his own pocket ; and 
 his requests and bills for extra help were rejected at Washington. Then he 
 quit — resigned suddenly by telegraph, and got out with a big fund of "ex- 
 perience ' ' in his head but some hundreds of dollars less funds in his pocket. 
 The Washington authorities telegraped back, October 25, 1886, that Bayard 
 T. Smith had been appointed postmaster, vice Bristol, resigned ; so Smith 
 took hold to win his spurs as a democratic official. But criticism and com- 
 plaints filled the air, and there was a clamor tor better mail service — many 
 persons, as I often heard them myself, foolishly claiming that the trouble 
 was all because the democrats had got into power again. Mr. Smith soon 
 got tired of the "honors of ofiice"; and in self-defense he published in the 
 Union of February 5, 1887, an official statement, from which I make a few 
 extracts : 
 
 ' ' Funds available Monthly 
 
 Salary at $1,400 per annum $116 67 
 
 Private contributions toward rent of office 40 00 
 
 Money order commissions (available about six months after 
 
 earned ) 22 50 
 
 Total $179 17 
 
 AVERAGE EXPENSES. 
 
 Clerks' hire $176 23 
 
 Rent for December and January 50 00 
 
 Lights and fuel 18 00 
 
 Sundry expenses 6 33 $250 58 
 
 Monthly deficit $71.41. The public can hardly expect the postmaster 
 to do more, under the circumstances." 
 
 But alas, the unfeeling public did expect more, and continued to up- 
 braid the postmaster until the sweets of office soured and palled upon his 
 taste; and on February 29, 1887 — only three weeks after publishing his 
 financial dilemma and personal defense, as above, he resigned in favor of 
 Frank H. Oxner, who had served as his deputy. So Oxner was appointed 
 to fill the vacancy March 25, 1887 — but he died before his commission ar- 
 rived. 
 
 Next, Willis U. Masters was appointed June 20, 1887 —the fourth 
 democratic postmaster within two years. The new man went in with reso- 
 lute zeal to redeem the credit of his party and administration, and give 
 Pasadena such a mail service as her necessities and amount of business 
 would justify. With Jacksonian grit he took the respoiisibility , and hired 
 enough help to keep the office in good running order for a few months. 
 But when the winter tide of tourist business rolled in, he too was swamped, 
 and the breakers of mail matter rolled over him as ruthlessly as they had 
 over his predecessors. And the Daily Star of December 13, 1887, gave a re- 
 port of the situation, from which I summarize the main facts : 
 
238 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "The postoffice was not opened to-day. Back mail is piled all over the 
 floor two feet deep. It is utterly impossible to do the postofhce work of 
 Pasadena with the number of clerks allowed by the Postoffice Department. 
 Since July i Mr. Masters had paid for clerk hire $2,055 out of his own 
 pocket to keep the work going on right, but could get no allowance for it at 
 Washington, nor increase of clerks, and hence had discharged all his extra 
 help — and here was the result." 
 
 As soon as the situation became known an impromptu meeting sent out 
 a committee to raise funds to assist the postmaster, consisting of T. P. 
 Lukens, Geo. E. Meharry, B. W. Bates, A. F. Mills, L. F. Miller. They 
 raised $350 in two hours, which was increased to $500 the next day. A 
 vacant store-room was secured, piles of mail bags dumped into it, both hired 
 and volunteer assistants were set at work, and in about a week the vast ac- 
 cumulation of back mail was assorted and distributed to its proper owners. 
 
 During December 12 and 13, Washington was besieged with telegrams 
 calling for the authorization of more postoffice clerks at Pasadena. Ex- 
 congressman H. H. Markham telegraphed to the Postmaster General about 
 it. Col. W. A. Ray, chairman of Citizens committee, also telegraphed the 
 Postmaster General. Prof. M. M. Parker, president of the city council, 
 telegraphed to Gen. Wm. Vandever, then our member of congress. And 
 Rev. E. L. Conger telegraphed to his brother, a member of congress, to aid 
 us in the matter. Out of all this effort came at last some relief, and more 
 clerical help was provided for the office. 
 
 In March 1888, the office was removed from its place on Fair Oaks 
 Avenue into a larger and more commodious room in the Morgan block on 
 south Raymond Avenue, where it still remains — 1895. And at that time 
 the extensive and improved box system, with Yale locks, and passage way 
 or lobby on two sides, w^ere put in nearly the same as now. 
 
 FREE DELIVERY. 
 
 The Pasadena Standard oi July 6, 1889, said : 
 
 " Free delivery of mail commenced Mondaj^ July i. The carriers are • 
 Capt. A. C. Drake, business portion of city north of Colorado street. L. T- 
 Lincoln, business portion south of Colorado street. A. L. Petrie, mounted, 
 northern outlying district. C. R. Dillman, mounted, eastern district. E- 
 Watson, mounted, southern district. Drake and Petrie are old soldiers. 
 The other three have been clerks in the postoffice." 
 
 The same paper in October said : 
 
 ■' During the month of September our free mail carriers delivered 38,838 
 pieces of mail matter, and collected from the street boxes 11,621 pieces." 
 
 And February 8, 1890, it said again : 
 
 "The total receipts of the Pasadena postoffice in 1889 were $13,519.28. 
 Total expenses $1 1,021.88. Leaving $2,497.40 net revenue to the govern- 
 ment. " 
 
 During 1890 our postoffice matters went on smoothly inider W. U. 
 Masters headship, without any marked historic event to note. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 239 
 
 On April 23 24, 1891, occurred the visit of President Harrison and 
 Postmaster General John Wanamaker to Pasadena. And Mr. Masters being 
 both postmaster and president of the Board of Trade at the time, stood at 
 the forefront of all the reception ceremonies in honor of the distinguished 
 visitors. For full particulars of this event, see Chapter 16: "President 
 Harrison Day." 
 
 Mr. Kernaghan had been appointed postmaster as Masters 's successor, 
 but had not yet taken formal possession of the office, and thus he stood as 
 adjunct host of the Postmaster General. Very soon thereafter Mr. Kernag- 
 han came into his kingdom, and during the year had occasion to make sun- 
 dry changes. The Star of vSeptember 23, gave the following report : 
 
 ' ' The improved postoffice is a wonderful advance over the old one and 
 its neat appearance is a pleasant surprise to those who have not been keep- 
 ing track of the progress of work there. The walls of the whole interior 
 have been rekalsomined, the working room has been entirely partitioned off 
 by glass frames extending from the top of the boxes to the ceiling ; the de- 
 partments have been rearranged, with a neatly enclosed corner for the m oney- 
 order and stamp business ; speaking tubes and call bells have beenrunfrom 
 the postmaster's desk to different parts of the room ; and the woodwork of 
 the outer and inner divisions of the office have been revarnished. These im- 
 provements are made by the owner of the building, Mr. Morgan, under the 
 superintendence of Mr. Staats." 
 
 October 19, the paper again reported thus: 
 
 ' ' By reference to the annual report of the postmaster-general for the 
 year ending June 30, 1890, it will be seen that only two offices of the presi- 
 dential class were not self-sustaining — the gross receipts did not pay the ex- 
 penses. Of these two the Pasadena office was one. We are informed that 
 no change for the better has taken place in receipts and expenses for the 
 year ending June 30, 1891" 
 
 It then goes on to mention that the free delivery district had been reduced, 
 two carriers had been dismissed, and clerkhire cut down until the remaining 
 clerks were "overworked and underpaid," in the efforts of the P. O. De- 
 partment at Washington to get itself onto a paying basis. The Star of 
 December 24, contained some statistics furnished by postmaster Kernaghan 
 which are worth preserving for future reference and compari-son, hence I 
 quote them here : 
 
 Receipts from sale of stamps, stamped envelopes, etc., 
 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30, '91 $11, 540.83 
 
 Total number of pieces of mail matter handled by the 
 
 carriers during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, 982,968 
 
 Total handled during year ending June 30, 1890 799,824 
 
 Increase 183,144 
 
 Number of letters dispatched from this office during the month of July, 
 
 1891, 29,711. During the month of October, 1891, 35,171. 
 
 The receipts of the office for the months of September and October of 
 
 this year, as compared with the corresponding months of last year, show an 
 
 increase of '^t^Yi, per cent. 
 
240 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The mounted carriers of this office travel upwards of 9,400 miles each 
 per )'ear, while the foot carriers each cover a distance of about 4,000 miles 
 in the same time. 
 
 In January, 1895, the Los Angeles Tunes published a tabular exhibit 
 of the business of the Los Angeles postoffice for the years 1890-91-92-93- 
 94, showing the steady annual increase. Mr. Kernaghan made a corres- 
 ponding exhibit of the Pasadena postal business for the same years, and the 
 result showed our annual increase to be 17 4-5 per cent, greater than theirs. 
 From some private memoranda in the office I gleaned the following statis- 
 tics worth preserving : 
 
 Stamps sold in December, 1892 $1,716 40 
 
 Stamps sold in December, 1893 2,032 87 
 
 Stamps sold in December, 1894 2,747 09 
 
 Total number pieces registered in 1892 2,365 
 
 Total number pieces registered in 1 893 3- 300 
 
 Total number pieces registered in 1894 4'39i 
 
 As an illustration of how the registered package business inundates the 
 postal service for a week or two before the Christmas holidays each year, 
 Mr. Kernaghan gave me a footing of this business during six working days, 
 from December 16 to 22 inclusive, for three successive years, as follows : 
 
 Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1892 290 
 
 Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1893 562 
 
 Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1894 835 
 
 August 15, 1894, a branch office called Station A was established at 
 North Pasadena, with David McLeod as chief clerk in charge. 
 
 The Pasadena postoffice service in 1895, Geo. P\ Kernaghan being still 
 postmaster, has 744 lock boxes and thirty-six drawers. There are five 
 carriers, two afoot and three mounted ; and four inside clerks. The foot 
 carriers traverse from fifteen to eighteen miles per day, and the mounted 
 ones about thirty miles. The total allowance for salaries is now $3,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 CHAPTER XIL 
 
 Thk Temperance Question — First vSaloon in the colony. — The historic anti-saloon 
 agreement. — The city's prohibitory ordinance. 
 
 THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. 
 The original colony settlers of Pasadena were mostly of a class who 
 wished to establish the moralities and decencies of a Christian civilization 
 as the dominant sentiment and practice in their community ; and they con- 
 sidered a saloon or any place for the beverage sale of liquors, as wholly in- 
 consistent with and contrary to that purpose. But in spite of this .senti- 
 ment, some time in 1875, M. Rosenbaum, a native of Hamburg, Germany, 
 started a little store on Orange Grove Avenue, about where J. W. Wood's 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 24I 
 
 pretty cottage now stands, and along with other goods kept liquors 
 for sale. This aroused such a storm of indignation and energetic protest 
 that he was soon compelled to give up the business ; and the building was 
 afterward used for a number of years as a Chinese wash house. That first 
 attempt to establish the liquor trade here brought forth the formal and of- 
 ficial action of the colonists, as reported in Hon. P. M. Green's sketch of 
 Pasadena history written for the Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, from which 
 I quote : 
 
 ' ' The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, at a meeting of the 
 stockholders held on the 17th day of February, 1876, by a unanimous vote 
 adopted the following resolution : 
 
 ' ' Resolved, That the members of this Association are opposed to the 
 sale of liquors upon the Association's grounds," 
 
 thus placing the seal of its condemnation on the traffic, and doing all that 
 it could, in its corporate capacity, to mould public sentiment and give 
 character to the community on this subject." 
 
 There was no further trouble on the saloon question until 1884. During 
 this year one Jerome Beebe, erected a two story frame building on E. Colo- 
 rado street (now No. 47 and occupied by K. H. L,ockwood and others), 
 professedly only for a billiard hall, with tobacco and cigar counter included. 
 But in a few weeks after opening up for business he put in a stock of 
 liquors also, in spite of the fact that T. P. Lukens had gotten up a respect- 
 ful request, and every business man in town had signed it, that he would 
 not start a liquor saloon in Pasadena. He said his business wouldn't pay 
 without a stock of liquors, and he had got a license and was going to do a 
 lawful business. The matter soon became notorious ; and the liquor interest 
 of lyos Angeles for awhile took special pains to send their tourist friends out 
 this way, to patronize the Pasadena saloon and help Beebe to hold his grip 
 here, in spite of the strong local sentiment against it. This was the state of 
 affairs in October and November, when H. R. Case went to lyOS Angeles 
 and got some large handbills printed calling a mass meeting at Pasadena 
 on November 10, 1884, to consider what should be done or could be done to 
 get rid of the Hquor saloon recently started there. These bills were posted 
 up through Pasadena and vicinity ; and by the time the day arrived th^ 
 matter had warmed up so much that Beebe was pretty badly scared, and kept 
 himself armed with two loaded revolvers, swearing that he would shoot on 
 sight anybody who should attempt to interfere with his business. He also 
 procured a deputy sheriff to be sent up from Los Angeles for his special 
 protection on that mass meeting day ; and, to guard against a night raid of 
 those wicked temperance people to destroy his stock of liquors, he kept an 
 armed companion to sleep with him in his saloon building. At last the day 
 arrived and a large gathering of people took place, whose proceedings I 
 here quote from a report published in the Valley Unio7t of November 15, 
 
 16 
 
242 HISTORY OF PASADICNA. 
 
 18S4, then edited by J. E. Clarke and J. W. Wood ; but I have added some 
 explanatory remarks in brackets : 
 
 "A saloon having ]:)een started in Pasadena, a,<;ainst the nnaninious 
 protest of every business man or firm in the place, a mass meeting was held 
 on the subject November 10, 1884, in the public school grounds [nearly 
 where the Eldridge block now stands]. B. F. Ball was made chairman, and 
 C. B. Ripley secretary. Rev. S. S. Fisk, pastor of the Baptist church was 
 called for, who responded by brief remarks, and moved that the sentiment 
 of the people of Pasadena here as.sembled be taken in regard to the saloon 
 question. Pending a vote upon the cjuestion as to whether the people of 
 Pasadena desire a liquor saloon in their midst, speeches were made by Rev. 
 J. B. Britton, Rev. L. W. Hayhur.st, Calvin Abbott, Rev. A. W. Bunker, 
 Hon. P. M. Green, Mr. C. C. Thompson, Col. J. Banbury, Rev. Williel 
 Thompson, J. W. Wood ; also a letter was read from H. W. Magee, who 
 could not be present. 
 
 "Tiie following set of resolutions were offered by Rev. A. W. Bunker, 
 and unanimously adopted, and a copy ordered to be furnished to the I'alley 
 Union for publication ; also that the editor of the Union forward a copy to 
 the Board of Supervisors of lyos Angeles county ; also voted that a copy of 
 the resolutions be taken to the proprietor of the saloon with a deniayid that 
 he stop the sale of liquor in Pasadena at once. It was voted that a connnit- 
 tee, consisting of Rev. S. S. Fisk. Rev. A. W. Bunker, and Col. J. Ban- 
 bury, and as many ladies as would accompany them, take the resolutions to 
 the saloon-keeper at once, and report to the meeting his response. Mrs. 
 Russell Case, Mrs. Mary C. Lord, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Dr. Rachel F. Reid, 
 and others accompanied the committee. 
 
 " ' WiiKKEAS, Many of us citizens of Pasadena, procured land and 
 built our homes in this settlement because it w^as a temperance community 
 and we were led to believe that it would always continue thus ; therefore, 
 
 "Rksolved, That we regard the opening of this liquor saloon, under 
 the circumstances, as a base injustice and an unmitigated insult to us, the 
 citizens of Pasadena. That words utterly fail to express our contempt for, 
 and righteous indignation against the party or parties who have .so deeply 
 wronged us in disregarding our desires and trampling upon our rights, and 
 for all who as.sist or support them in their nefarious work. That, as law- 
 abiding citizens, we demand of this State such a change in the laws of the 
 commonwealth as will protect us and other communities from the curse of 
 the li(iuor traffic, where this traffic is not desired by a majority of the 
 people of that community. That we will use our influence and cast our 
 ballots only for such men, irrespective of party, who favor and will work 
 for the enactment of such laws.' 
 
 " While the committee were absent, H. N. Rust, Mrs. Sigler and 
 others addressed the meeting. It was voted. that the sense of the meeting 
 was in favor of incorporation ; and it was also voted that a committee of 
 five be appointed by tlie chairman to take steps toward incorporation. 
 
 The chairman api)ointed H. W. Magee, Col. J. P>anl)ury, H. N. Rust, 
 S. Washl)urn, and J. W. Wood as such conunittee. 
 
 "The chairman of the committee to wait upon the proprietor of the 
 saloon reported that the resolutions were read as directed : and that he re- 
 plied that he was .selling liquor according to the laws of the land, and that 
 he should continue to do .so ; he would, however, sell his whole jiroperty 
 
Divisrf)N TirK]';iv hkains. 243 
 
 and not engage in the saloon business again, for the sum of $7,000. It was 
 voted that the meeting did not want to buy saloons at any price. It was 
 voted that a committee be appointed to wait upon Mr. Stamra and Mr. Nay 
 and request them to discontinue the sale of wines, beer and liquors, as the 
 people of Pasadena were opposed to their sale in any form. It was voted 
 that the people organize for mutual protection. Mr. B. F. Ball was elected 
 president of such organization, Dr. Rachel F. Reid vice-president, and Mrs. 
 Russell Case secretary." [Mrs. Case is better known as Miss Florence 
 Royce, who was for seven years a favorite teacher in the Central school of 
 Pasadena. — Ed.] 
 
 The Mutual Protection Association mentioned in the above report ap- 
 pointed an executive council of thirty bu.siness men, with a committee from 
 the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as co-laborers. For several 
 months meetings were held twice a month in the Library Hall, to confer on 
 ways and means. Committees were appointed from time to time to ascertain 
 from lawyers in L,os Angeles what possible legal process could be taken to 
 rid Pasadena of its saloon pest. C. B. Ripley, Geo. A. Swartwout, C. W. 
 Abbott, Dr. H. A. Reid, Martin Mullins, and Dr. Lyman Allen served in 
 this .special work at different times. And Mr. vSwartwout especially procured 
 citations of law enough to make a book of themselves ; but there was 
 nothing found in California law to help Pasadena a particle in her desired 
 riddance until she should become an incorporated city. After making all 
 these efforts, and finding no resource at law, a document was prepared in 
 March, eventually signed by 272 voters and taxpayers, [ten more names 
 were added later] sixty-three of them being business men or firms of the 
 village, and published with all the names attached, both in the Valley 
 Unio7i and in a circular, June 12, 1885, reading as follows : 
 
 AGREEMENT. 
 
 "We, the undersigneVi, citizens of Pasadena, realizing that the indis- 
 criminate sale of intoxicating liquors in our midst depreciates the value of 
 our homes, retards immigration, injures our business interests, endangers 
 our lives and property, leads our young men and boys into habits of vice 
 and crime, and lowers the moral tone of our society. 
 
 "Therefore, We declare ourselves opposed to this traffic in our midst, 
 and in favor of using all la7vfid means for its suppression ; and to this end 
 
 " We agree that tve will not patronize or in any way give support to any 
 person who is engaged in the indiscriminate sale of liquors in Pasadena, 
 and that we will not, knowingly, employ, or retain in our employ, or in any 
 manner lend support to any penson who patronizes such traffic in our midst." 
 
 Copies of the agreement were circulated by a committee con.sisting of 
 Mrs. Mary Case, Mrs. S. Town.send, Dr. Rachel F. Reid, Mrs. M. C. Lord, 
 Dr. Lyman Allen, Amos Wright and C. M. Skillen. Copies of it were also 
 kept for signature at the Valley Unio?i office, at the Pasadena Bank, [now 
 First National], and at the Free Library. While the work of procuring 
 signatures was going on, the Valley Union of March 27th published the fol- 
 lowing statement with regard to it : 
 
244 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "For ten years this colony had no liquor saloon, no criminal record, 
 and no paupers. And the practical business object of this anti-saloon 
 agreement is to keep out of our midst that class of men who would spend 
 their earnings at the saloon, thus sustaining the nuisance here, with all the 
 crimes and other evils that naturally occur at such a place or by reason of it, 
 and leave their families to be supported by their industrious and sober 
 neighbors. One hundred and sixty-two of our well-known citizens and 
 leading business men have already signed this anti-saloon agreement, and it 
 is desirable that every man among us who is willing to stand with them on 
 this matter should add his name to the list. All who refuse to sign it will, 
 of course, be understood to stand in favor of having a saloon here." 
 
 For a while this seemed to be effective ; but Beebe was sustained by his 
 Los Angeles backers,-'- and also by a few men in Pasadena, probably twenty 
 in all, who pretended that he was being persecuted, or for various reasons 
 had refused to sign the "Agreement," and who began to decry it as a boy- 
 cott." Some who signed it entirely disregarded its practical application, 
 while others lived up to it in good faith ;t though population was changing 
 and increasing so rapidly that the matter became every week more difficult, 
 for the great historic ' ' boom ' ' w^s then alread}^ beginning to blow up a few 
 preliminary bladders. Col. Banbury was this year elected to the legislature ; 
 and a local option bill was prepared here by T. P. L/Ukens and others and sent 
 to him. He introduced it in the Assembly, so as to have a law by which 
 communities that were strongly opposed to saloons, like Pasadena, might 
 vote them out ; but it was received with levity, referred to committee on 
 public morals, and never heard of again. This was February 13, 1885 ; 
 and it was entitled " A bill to prohibit the sale of liquors within 2000 feet 
 of any school -house or church in California outside of any incorporated 
 town or city." Penalty, fine from $50 to $500, or imprisonment twenty- 
 five to 250 days, or both. 
 
 Meanwhile the " boom " crowded along and swept everything else into 
 its rushing stream. In August, 1885, a duly framed, legally signed and 
 formal petition for Pasadena to be incorporated as a city was laid before the 
 county board of supervisors ; yet it was not until Ma}^ 13, 1886, after nine 
 months of dickerings and bickerings and technical delays, that the order for 
 incorporation was finally granted, and June 7th, set for an election to be held 
 within the prescribed city boundaries on the question of incorporation, and 
 choosing of city officers. And all this time the saloon had been gaining a 
 stronger foothold by the great influx of a drinking class of mechanics and 
 laboring men who flocked to Pasadena in swarms — drawn by the high 
 wages paid, and the great demand for labor in the booming rush of new 
 buildings, street gradings, water and gas pipe layings, cement walk con- 
 struction, etc. 
 
 *" It is claimed by the proprietor's mouth-pieces that he is well backed by the whisky interests 
 of Los Angeles and elsewhere." — Editorial in l^alley Union of November 15, 1884. 
 
 t"It is said that more than fifty workmen have been discharRcd from the Ravmond hotel job at dif- 
 ferent times for drinking liquor or patronizing liquor saloons." — / 'alUji Union, February ^, 1SS4. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 245 
 
 When the election took place, incorporation carried by 129 majority. 
 There were eight candidates for city trustees, and the five who received the 
 highest number of votes were the ones elected, which proved to be two 
 democrats and three republicans. When the time came to act on the saloon 
 matter they licensed it, but fixed the fee at the highest rate which they 
 thought would be paid without making a legal contest — $100 per month. 
 And thus a full-fledged dramshop went on in Pasadena, with the formal 
 consent of its city authorities. The original saloonkeeper, Beebe, having 
 been engaged to be married, his prospective wife refused to marry him 
 while he remained in that disreputable business (so I was informed), and 
 therefore he sold out to a man named E. I. Campbell, who paid his $100 
 license promptly each month, and pushed the business for all the money 
 there was in it. He employed two sets of bar men and kept the thing 
 open continuously, days and nights and Sundays. It became rumored that 
 he was the son of a Baptist preacher ; and a committee of W. C. T. U. 
 ladies went to labor with him, appeal to his moral nature, etc., and show him 
 what an evil business it was, and so persuade him to give it up. He re- 
 ceived them most politely, listened with gracious composure to their plea, 
 and then replied: " L^adies, you cannot tell me anything new about the 
 evils of this business. I know all about it. I could give you blacker 
 points iu it than you ever dreamed of. ' But I am domg- a lawfxd bttshiess. 
 I have both a city and county license^ and United States tax permit. I am not 
 in the business for the fun of it, nor because I like it, but because I can 
 make more money at zV than anything else." The ladies retired, with some 
 new ideas about " moral suasion " for saloon keepers. 
 
 Much talk was indulged in, in a loose way, against the saloon. But no 
 definite action was taken again until January 23, 1887, when I find the fol- 
 lowing record in the Y. M. C. A. secretary's book which is still preserved : 
 
 "A meeting was held this Sunday afternoon in Williams Hall, at the 
 close of the Y. M. C. A. meeting. C. B. Ripley was chosen chairman and 
 Geo. Taylor, secretary. Remarks were made on the temperance work by 
 several speakers ; and 56 of those present signed a petition to the city coun- 
 cil, offered by Stephen Townsend, to abolish the saloon. Voted that a mass 
 meeting be held in Williams Hall, next Thursday evening, at 7:30 o'clock 
 (January 27). The chair appointed Frank Wallace, S. Townsend and P. G. 
 Wooster, a committee to arrange for this meeting. On motion it was voted 
 that the following committee be appointed to ascertain and report what can 
 be lawfully done towards the suppression of liquor saloons in our city ^' * 
 and to report at the mass meeting : 
 
 Dr. H. A. Reid, of the Congregational Church. 
 
 Stephen Townsend, of the Methodist Church. 
 
 C. W. Abbott,' of the Friends Church. 
 
 Geo. Taylor, of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Geo. A. Swartwout, of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The Valley Unio?i of January 26, made a brief report of this meeting, 
 
246 HISTORY OF PASADICNA. 
 
 and from it I ([uote a few additional points : " Remarks were made l)y per- 
 haps a dozen different persons on various phases of the problem, and finally 
 a committee was appointed to ascertain and report what can be lawfully done 
 toward the suppression of liquor saloons in our city, and to counsel and co- 
 operate zc'itJi our city authorities for the abatement of this great public evil. 
 * * A general mass meeting was called for Thursday (to-morrow) even- 
 ing, at Williams' Hall, to hear a report from the committee. They have 
 already in hand the result of test cases in the supreme court froiy Los 
 Angeles, Riverside, Butte county and other places, l)esides opinions from 
 high legal authority on other points. Also, Mr. Hardy, mayor of the city 
 of Lincoln, Nebraska, will be at the meeting and give the experience of 
 Lincoln, Omaha and other cities with the famous ' high license law ' of that 
 state." 
 
 [The fact was, Dr. Reid had been already at work on the matter, collect- 
 ing court decisions, copies of ordinances, lawyers' opinions, etc., with the 
 knowledge and co-operation of F. J. Culver, general secretarv of the Y. M. 
 C. A.] 
 
 The mass meeting was held as proposed, and the hall packed full. Col. 
 O. S. Richer acting as chairman. A full report was published in the Union 
 of January 29. Dr. Reid for the committee presented the results of legal 
 contests with the saloons in Butte county, and city of Los Angeles, and at 
 Riverside — all showing that the courts were against them, and that they 
 could be otitlawed. Yet this nieetii>g resulted chiefly in talk, and an en- 
 larged sanction to the continuance of the Anti-Saloon Committee, for whose 
 aid a collection was taken, amounting to $44.65 The chairman of the com- 
 mittee had prepared a schedule of five specific inquiries, covering every 
 possible method of dealing with the liquor traffic under California law ; his 
 intention being to secure eminent legal counsel upon all these points, as the 
 basis of the future work of the committee. 
 
 On the ensuing Sunday evening [Januar\' 30] a vast congregation as- 
 sembled at the Methodist church to hear a temperance discotirse which had 
 become somewhat famed as "Dr. Bresee's hyena sermon." At its close 
 some resolutions were adopted, and a committee was named, consisting of 
 Dr. Reid, S. Townsend, Dr. Wm. Converse, Chas M. Parker and Rev. A. 
 W. Bunker, to carry out the purpose of the resolutions. Before leaving the 
 church this committee held a meeting and formally consolidated with the 
 committee appointed at the Williams Hall meetings on Sunday and Thurs- 
 day previously, and named Dr. Reid chairman of the joint committee. 
 
 Now it should be noted that the city attorney, N. P. Conrey, in common 
 with a majority of lawyers at that time, held the opinion, and so advised 
 the city council, that there was no law in California under which they could 
 enact a prohibitory ordinance in Pasadena; and the Pasadetia Star\\\. J. 
 Vail, editor] thrust this doctrine continually into the face of its readers, thus 
 prejudicing them against the efforts of the Anti-vSaloon committee. Dr. 
 Reid took his five questions to ex- Lieut. Gov. Mansfield, who had been a 
 
DIVISION THKKI'; — BRAINS. 247 
 
 member of Uie vState convention which framed the present constitution ot 
 California. He said there was no doubt as to the city's right, under Article 
 II, Sec. II of the constitution, to abolish saloons or any other evil thing, by 
 a proper exerci.se of the city's police power ; but as he could not take time 
 then to prepare a brief on the questions of law submitted, he recommended 
 Williams & McKinley, who he said, were the best posted on that .subject 
 of any law firm in California. Dr. Reid then went to them, got points of 
 instruction, and engaged them to prepare a full professional brief on the five 
 inquiries submitted. These things he reported at the second mass meeting 
 in Williams Hall. The next historic step in the case will best be seen by 
 the following extract from the Pasadena U?iio?i's report as published at the 
 time : 
 
 "At a very large meeting in the new Methodist Church on Sunday night, 
 January 30, a committee was appointed to take measures for bringing the 
 saloon question before our city tru.stees in the best way po.ssible to secure 
 their prompt action. Monday morning the chairman of the committee went 
 to IvOS Angeles and prepared under advi.se of good legal counsel a form of 
 petition which covered only such ground as is within the recognized and 
 established police powers of municipal incorpoiations. At 2 p. m. the com- 
 mittee met, and by 9 o'clock Tuesday morning the petition headings were in 
 the hands of canvassers to .solicit names. 
 
 "Saturday morning, February 5, the committee waited on the City 
 Fathers with the following documents : 
 
 To the City Board of Trzistees of Pasadena, in regular sessioyi, February ^, i88y : 
 
 Gentlkmkn : — We appear before you as a committee duly appointed 
 at a mass meeting of citizens of Pasadena, and bearing a petition properly 
 .signed by over 500 adult male citizens or taxpayers of this city. We also 
 present herewith the legal opinion, with full citation of cases, court rulings, 
 .standard legal authorities, constitutional powers and statute law upon which 
 our petition is based. And we respectfully request that you refer the matter 
 of this petition, together with the legal opinion and authorities accompany- 
 ing it, to your city attorney, with instructions to prepare an ordinance in 
 accordance with the prayer of petitioners and lawful procedure in the case, 
 and report the same at your next regular meeting. 
 
 H. A. Rp:id, a. W. Bunker, ) 
 
 Wm. Converse, G. A. vSwartwout, > Committee. 
 
 Chas. M. Parker, S. Townsend, ) 
 
 " The list of petitioners made a roll measuring fourteen and a half feet 
 in length, mostly with double column of names as signed. At the head ot 
 the roll was a paper containing twenty or thirty names which had been 
 taken from a canva.s.ser by a saloon man and torn into shreds. It looked 
 like a reliquary battle-flag of the G. A. R." 
 
 The list of 540 signatures was all printed in double column alphabetical 
 order, so that every man stood up to be counted. The petition was received, 
 placed on file, and Saturday, P'ebruary 12, at 9 o'clock, set for a further 
 hearing. Meanwhile a subscription paper pledging fuhds to meet litigation 
 
248 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 expenses if the ordinance should be contested, was signed to the amount 
 of $6,680 ; and at the next hearing this was presented. But the council 
 refused this, and required that the actual cash, or legal and collectible 
 promissory notes, should be deposited in bank as a guaranty of funds, be- 
 fore they would venture to pass such an ordinance. 
 
 The committee next prepared promissory notes, payable in 10 per cent, 
 installments, and went resolutely at work to comply with the requirement 
 of the council. February 16, a meeting was held in the parlor of the Pasa- 
 dena National Bank (Mr. Swart wont, the cashier, being a member of that 
 committee), and Dr. Wm. Converse, a director of the bank and member of 
 the committee, was elected treasurer, to hold the committee's funds and 
 pledge-notes in trust, subject to its order. February 19, they again appear- 
 ed before the council, exhibiting lawful promissory notes amounting to 
 $5,935) with 10 per cent, of the amount already in bank subject to the com- 
 mittee's order. It seemed then, that with 540 voters and taxpayers petition- 
 ing for such an ordinance, and nearly six thousand dollars of cash or notes 
 in bank to relieve the city from any costs of litigation arising from it, there 
 could be no further excuse for refusing to pass the ordinance as prayed for. 
 But no, it was not so. Two members of the council, E. C. Webster and 
 R. M. Furlong, both "anti-sumptuary" democrats, were somehow interest- 
 ed in the then new Carlton Hotel, which was to be a "■first-class'' hotel, 
 very high toned, etc., and they must have a clause granting this "■first-class'" 
 hotel the right to serve wine or beer with meals. So here was another 
 hitch. But Dr. Reid had already submitted this very point to Williams & 
 McKinley ; and they had replied : 
 
 ' ' Do not put in a clause permitting hotels or restaurants to furnish 
 liquors at table. That would leave the way so open and easy for evasion 
 that it would be impossible to carry a case to conviction in the courts, on 
 account of the endless technical questions that could be raised. It would 
 thus defeat the whole object and intent of the law." 
 
 They had said, however, that " there was as yet no ruling of Calitornia 
 courts on this point ; and it would probably be impossible to get a California 
 jury to convict on it. Hence they would not be willing as attorneys to take 
 a case into court that was based merely upon such a violation as the furnish- 
 ing of wine or beer when called for with a meal at a hotel. Nevertheless, 
 if you put in a clause giving this privilege, you might just as well abandon 
 your whole project of prohibiting the liquor trade, for you never could en- 
 force it. " 
 
 The full board of city trustees, with city clerk, city marshal, city attor- 
 ney, and the committee authorized to represent the 540 petitioners, were all 
 present; and after considerable further questioning and discussion on this 
 matter it was finally agreed upon by all that the ordinance should be passed 
 just as prayed for, without any excepting clause lor hotels ; but that no 
 
DIVISION THRKE; — BRAINS. 24^ 
 
 arrests should be made for the furnishing of wine or beer with meals at the 
 Carlton hotel. This was all and the only "concession" ever made or agreed 
 upon in regard to this matter, although contrary assertions were publicly 
 made through all the years later by parties seeking to break down the law ; 
 for this special agreement was not made public at the time, being only 
 known to those present and a few others who happened to be in some way 
 personally interested in it. It should be noted that this was on February 
 19, 1887 ; and it was not until October 31 — nearly nine months later — that 
 the California Supreme Court decision was rendered, fully sustaining the 
 ordinance just as it read when passed. And then, December 5, of same 
 year, the United States Supreme Court rendered its decision in the celebra- 
 ted Kansas cases, sustaining most explicitly and to the fullest extent every 
 point of prohibition contained in the Pasadena ordinance. * 
 
 The committee urged the immediate passage of the ordinance, because 
 they had knowledge of three additional saloons already planned for in 
 Pasadena, and it was earnestly desired to let these parties know that if they 
 did start such places they were buying a law suit in advance. But objection 
 was raised that K. I. Campbell already had a license from the city which 
 did not expire until May i, — over two months yet ; and if the ordinance was 
 passed now, he could sue the city for breach of contract, loss of trade, de- 
 preciation of property, etc., and recover damages from the city — [for the 
 "compensation" doctrine was now boldly affirmed by the liquor interest 
 everywhere, although it was completely overruled by the United States 
 Supreme Court, December 5, 1887.]! However, the council was finally 
 prevailed upon to pass the ordinance, but have it not take effect until 6 
 o'clock A. M. on the first Monday in May, as Campbell's license would then 
 have expired. So this was done, and the three new saloon projects were 
 thus headed off". 
 
 When the ordinance went on record as duly and lawfully enacted, little 
 Pasadena had boldly bearded the great whisky lion of California in his den ; 
 and soon the air was full of ominous growlings, and threats of what direful 
 things would happen to the youthful city. The newspaper articles and 
 other documents on the subject would make a law-library volume of them- 
 selves. The law's delays and uncertainties from the time of enactment of 
 the ordinance in February till the decision upon it by the Supreme Court on 
 October 31, gave an open field for controversy ; and the chairman of the 
 committee found it necessary every two or three weeks to publish a report 
 of the progress being made, in order to satisfy the friends of the ordinance, 
 and to keep some from being disheartened by the confusing fallacies, soph- 
 
 *See Mugler vs. State of Kansas, printed in Supreme Court Reporter Vol. 8, No. 10, January 23, 
 1888. Pages 273 to 306. 
 
 tThe Pasadena Star of December 17, 1887, took issue with the U. S Supreme Court on this matter, 
 just as every liquor trade journal throughout the United States had done ; and the editor boasted that he 
 had maintained the " compensation " doctrine in Iowa, as he did also now, in spite of the contrary 
 rulings of both State and United States Supreme Courts. 
 
250 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 istries, and predictions of failure cast against it both openly and covertly by its 
 enemies. From one of these reports dated April 5, 1887, and published in 
 the Pasadena Union, I quote the following passages which show some- 
 thing of the situation then . 
 
 "But sundry special threats have been circulated which it may be w^ell 
 to report. 
 
 "While the ordinance was pending a threat was reported 'as coming 
 directly from the Los Angeles Liquor Association's attorney, that he would 
 break down our city charter — show in open court that Pasadena had never 
 been lawfully incorporated — that all her municipal acts were null and 
 void — and thus remand her to the sovereignty of the county board of 
 supervisors again. This, he said, "would knock the stuffing out of all her 
 damned foolishness on the liquor question." This idle boast fell flat and 
 limp, as a drunk man falleth. 
 
 "2d. They would prosecute those who pledged money in the case for 
 ofifering a bribe to the city trustees. This little threat was a child of beer- 
 mug wisdom, and died of froth on the brain. 
 
 " 3d. They would prosecute for damages every man who .signed a 
 pledge of money to enforce that ordinance, as being engaged in a con- 
 .spiracy to destroy the business of a fellow citizen and drive him out of town. 
 This threat got up a little scare for one or two days ; but six men who 
 had signed for $100 each, said they would make their pledges $500 right 
 away if the liquor men would only start in on that game. They didn't 
 start. 
 
 "4th. The}' will keep on selling liquor in spite of the ordinance 
 against it, and then see what the city will do. This is the latest word from 
 the whisky camp, and is probably just about what they will do. 
 
 " Of course it does not rest with the saloon keeper here. He is a mere 
 figure-head, and will have to do whatever the liquor organization at Los 
 Angeles decides they had better do in this particular case. We know full 
 well the David-and-Goliah nature of the conflict. It is little Pasadena 
 against the entire liquor interest of California ; for if Pasadena can drive 
 the dram .shop out of her limits, there are a hundred other towns in the 
 State ready to take the same step at once. Our people are not going it 
 blind. They have counted the cost; they have planted their battle-flag, 
 and stand firm and steady in solid square around it, read}^ for the enemy's 
 attack in front, flank, or rear." 
 
 Of course, when the first Monday of May arrived, Mr. Campbell went 
 on with his saloon, in defiance of the law. He was arrested, tried in the 
 Pasadena police court, convicted, and sentenced to $100 fine, or imprison- 
 ment roo days. C. N. Terry, judge. He appealed his case to the superior 
 court at Los Angeles, and there it hung for .several weeks. The committee 
 had engaged Williams & McKinley to carry the case, as attorneys for the 
 people, through the superior court and supreme court for $1,000 ; and after 
 this was all agreed upon, they showed their faith in the case, in opposition 
 to the opinions of a large majority of the Los Angeles lawyers, by volun- 
 tarily giving Dr. Reid a written agreement, that if their position on the 
 right of the city trustees to prohibit liquor saloons was not sustained by the 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 25 1 
 
 supreme court, they would relinquish $500 of their fee. Reardon & Daly- 
 were attorneys for the saloon-keeper. They talked of great confidence in 
 their case, and other lawyers freely expressed the opinion that "the prohib- 
 itionists would get beaten out of their boots;" yet in spite of this they 
 fought shy and pursued a dallying policy, as the following correspondence 
 
 shows : 
 
 I^os Angeles, Cal., May 26, 1887. 
 Dr. H. A. Reid, 
 
 Dear Sir : — We presume you think we are making slow progress, and 
 you are certainly right in that presumption. We have been camping with 
 those fellows from day to day until we are out of patience. They keep 
 promising to go into court, but always have some little thing which they want 
 done yet. We have notified Reardon & Daly that unless they take the mat- 
 ter into Court by to-morrow noon we will consider all stipulations at an end 
 and take our course in the matter. If they do not proceed we will notify 
 you and the marshal, and let the war go on. Our idea will be to put him into 
 jail a?id keep him there until released by legal process. We will write you as 
 soon as we know result. Yours, 
 
 Williams & McKinley. 
 
 But the very next day the following note was sent : ' ' We got our 
 habeas corpus case disposed oi pro forma in the Superior Court this morning. 
 We have had a great amount of trouble and annoyance in getting those 
 people to do anything^ but they came to time at last. W. & McK." 
 
 The case now went to the Superior Court ; but that court refused to act 
 upon it until it had had a full hearing in the Los Angeles Superior Court, 
 and so sent it back with an order for Judge Wm. A. Cheney to hear the 
 case. His decision, rendered July 7, 1887,* fully sustained the law. The 
 case then went to the supreme court again ; and this body waited their full 
 limit of time, ninety days after hearing, before rendering their decision. 
 But when it came [October 31, 1887], the whisky lion of California slunk 
 back into his den with a very large flea in his ear, for six out of seven of 
 the supreme judges agreed that the Pasadena ordinance was good bed-rock 
 law under the constitution of California, and also of the United States. 
 
 The Pasadena saloon had been running in full glare all this time, 
 pending the decision ; but when the result was reported by telegraph the 
 proprietor did not wait for official notice to be served upon him. He closed 
 the saloon at once, packed up his outlawed liquors and bar fixtures and 
 moved out of town before the order of the supreme court could reach the 
 city officers. A great mass meeting to give thanks and rejoice over this 
 signal victory was held in the Methodist Church ; and Pasadena then stood 
 as the first and only town in California which had driven the liquor trade 
 out of its borders by legal process, fought and sustained through all the 
 courts. The committee now deemed its work done ; and from a brief run- 
 ning sketch of the whole matter in the editorial columns of the Valley Union^ 
 I quote a few paragraphs worthy of permanent historic record : 
 
 *The arguments on the case were heard June 27, and again June 30. 
 
-^52 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "The Executive Committee which had charge of the work on behalf of 
 the citizens of Pasadena of outlawing liquor saloons has finished its work 
 and formally disbanded, as shown by the following resolutions adopted at 
 their meeting on November i8, 1887 : 
 
 Whereas, The special object and purpose for which we were consti- 
 tuted an Executive Committee on behalf of the citizens of Pasadena has 
 been fully and successfully accomplished, and funds enough to meet all 
 financial obligations incurred by us in carrying on our work have been col- 
 lected, therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman is instructed to pay the balance of all 
 claims by proper draft on the treasurer, and to return the Indemnity Pledge 
 notes to their respective signers. [See list below.] 
 
 Resolved, That all funds remaining in our hands as a committee be left 
 in charge of C. W. Abbott, to co-operate with the city officers in securing 
 the enforcement of the anti-saloon ordinance. 
 
 Resolved, That we now formally dissolve our organization and cease to 
 exist or be any further in vogue as such committee. 
 
 LIST OF THE INDEMNITY NOTE SIGNERS. 
 
 NO. OF 
 NOTB. 
 
 am't. 
 
 Abbott, C. W 2 $100 
 
 Allen, Lyman 3 100 
 
 Allen, E. B 72 25 
 
 Allin, John 47 50 
 
 Arnold, Delos 7 100 
 
 Ball, B. F 18 100 
 
 Karnes, Joseph 52 25 
 
 Barber, O. S 46 100 
 
 Beach, Will 37 100 
 
 Bennett, H. G 5 100 
 
 Bresee, Rev. P. F 73 50 
 
 Brown, A. J 62 100 
 
 Cam bell, James 40 100 
 
 Case, H. R 63 100 
 
 Cooley, W. Iv 36 25 
 
 Converse, Wm 4 100 
 
 Conger, O. H 56 100 
 
 Craig Bros 32 50 
 
 Clarke, J. E 39 100 
 
 Clapp, W. T II 100 
 
 Cole, J. L 71 10 
 
 Chaplin, S 29 50 
 
 Davis, Milton 48 25 
 
 Decker, Z 59 10 
 
 Ehrenfeld, C 55 100 
 
 Evans, h. A 33 25 
 
 F^vans, W. P 76 25 
 
 Farey, H. N 21 25 
 
 Farris, VA. L, 57 100 
 
 Fisher, I). J 74 5 
 
 Fleming, J. II 38 100 
 
 NO. OF 
 NOTE. 
 
 Galbraith, D 77 
 
 Gla.ss, J. M 64 
 
 Green, P. M 20 
 
 Harris, F. R 31 
 
 Healy, E. A 69 
 
 Hopkins, C. T 41 
 
 Janes, R. K 66 
 
 Lukens, T. P 16 
 
 Lyman, G. P 30 
 
 Legge, Charles 44 
 
 Lewis, H. C 61 
 
 Machin, F. W 49 
 
 Macomber, H. K 68 
 
 Magee, H. W 42 
 
 Mills, A. F 14 
 
 Miller, L. F 50 
 
 Meharry, G. E 58 
 
 McGrew, S. 53 
 
 Nichols, Theron 15 
 
 Painter, M. D 17 
 
 Painter, A. J 51 
 
 Palmateer, S 9 
 
 Parker, Chas. M 54 
 
 Proudfit, Rob't R 75 
 
 Reid H. A 60 
 
 Rice, B. A 13 
 
 Riggins & Clark 27 
 
 Riggins, P. A 35 
 
 Ripley, C. B ^6 
 
 Skillen, C. M 12 
 
 Smith, James 28 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 10 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 $100 
 100 
 
 25 
 100 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 10 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
lOO 
 lOO 
 
 DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 253 
 
 -«,°^ AM'T. NAME. JJ^^^^' AM'X. 
 
 Stevens, F. D 8 100 Warren, E. E 70 5 
 
 Swartwout, G. A 45 100 Wooster, P. G 34 100 
 
 Thomas, G. Roscoe 22 100 Wood, M. E 35 5° 
 
 Townsend, S i 100 Wright, Amos, 19 100 
 
 Thompson, C. C 23 50 Yocum, J. D 26 
 
 Thompson, Williel 67 100 Yocum, N. G 25 
 
 Wallace Bros 10 100 Young, J. B 24 100 
 
 Wallace, Joseph 65 100 
 
 The total amount thus pledged was $5,935, of which 10 per cent, was 
 paid when note signed. 
 
 " A good many who had signed subscription papers refused to sign in- 
 dividual notes, and many others could not be found ; so that the above are 
 the true historic 7iamcs who stepped to the front a:nd made our legal contest 
 and victory against saloons possible. 
 
 "Those signers expected to pay ten installments, but instead of that 
 have only had to pay two. This result was gained by Dr. Reid collecting a 
 total of $109.50 for the cause from the following persons who did not sign 
 notes but who sympathized with the work : Peter Sumstine, C. E. Daily, 
 Dr. J. C. Michener, James Clarke, W. C. Carpenter. J. F. Steen, R. E. 
 Pinney, I. B. Eambert, E. H. Michener, W. J. Barcus, W. J. Gos?, A. O. 
 Porter, James Hewitt, J. F. Church, R. B. Hubbard, and the $17 from the 
 Williams' Hall meeting." 
 
 Several of the above signers when their notes were returned to them 
 had them framed to preserve as heirlooms in the family. The Union's 
 article, speaking of the Supreme Court decision, further says : 
 
 "The opinion of the court was delivered by Justice Patterson, a republi- 
 can, and concurred in by Searles, (C. J.) Sharpstein, McKinstry, Temple, 
 Thornton, all democrats, while McFarland, republican, filed a dissenting 
 opinion." 
 
 HOW WAS IT ACCOMPLISHED ? 
 
 " The result exceeded the most sanguine hopes of the committee and 
 their friends, for they had expected the court would stand four to three, or 
 possibly five to two, but six to one was not dreamed of. This happy result 
 was due to the fact that, by the most watchful and painstaking care from 
 the very inception of the movement, the case was gotten into court free 
 from any technical questions or side issues, so that the court had nothing be- 
 fore it but the one plain question of law — has Pasadena a lawful right to 
 prohibit liquor saloons, or has she not? It took a vast deal of discreet con- 
 sultation, skillful management, patience, forbearance, faith and forecast to 
 secure and hold the case in this shape ; but it won at last, and so settled the 
 matter for the whole State. ' ' 
 
 HOW MUCH MONEY ? 
 
 "January 23, 1887, the finst committee was appointed, with Dr. H. A. 
 Reid as chairman, to carry on this work ; and from that time until now the 
 citizens of Pasadena have contributed a total of $1310.80 for this special 
 cause. Every item of the expense account was carefully audited by the 
 committee in quorum session, before being paid. It has been a hard battle, 
 well fought and nobly won." 
 
254 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 So much for the Valley Union newspaper at the time. WwS. \\\& Pasa. 
 dcna Star had from the first cast shirs and contempt on the movement, and 
 predicted faihire ; hence it had nothing to say except " we are surprised at 
 the result." And that was not the only " result ; " for the San Francisco 
 Chronicle reports, up to July i, 1894, five counties that have carried the 
 Pasadena ordinance, namely : Modoc, Sutter, Lake, Riverside and Hum- 
 boldt — and nine others which had already made strong moves in that 
 direction — all as a historic following of the pioneer work done by Pasadena 
 in 1887. I^ f^ct, that contest and its outcome gave Pasadena a more wide- 
 spread fame and permanent historic prestige than anything else which has 
 ever occurred in her history except the building of the Mount Lowe Electric 
 Railroad. 
 
 So Pasadena waked up one morning and found herself without any 
 saloon, and was happy. But this did not last long ; for very soon certain 
 restaurants and drug stores began doing a saloon business " on the sly " at 
 first, but finally in open, bold defiance of the law ; and it began to appear 
 also that some men who had signed the petition for the ordinance were, 
 at heart, opposed to it — but believing it would be beaten in the courts, any- 
 way, had joined in the call for it ; and now that it was fully sustained as 
 good California law, they w^ere ready and hot to break it down and make it 
 prove a failure after all. And I find on the police court records the follow- 
 ing liquor cases v^ 
 
 November 2, 1887, John Senich. Jury trial. Found guilty. Fined 
 $100. Paid fine. [The same day three other cases against the same man 
 were dismissed. The law makes the sales of one day one offence ; and he 
 had been charged with selling liquor on four diiferent days — but the one 
 conviction was deemed sufficient at that time. — Ed.] 
 
 April 30, 1888, John B. Dolan. Jury trial. Case Dismissed. [It was 
 proved that it was Dolan 's wife, not himself, who sold the liquor — although 
 with his connivance and that of his mother-in-law and a certain negro man. 
 A warrant was issued the next morning for Mrs. Dolan ; but the whole 
 family, negro and all, had fled the city during the night, and never came 
 back. - Ed.] 
 
 May 23 to 25, 1 888. Peter vSteil. Jury trial. Found guil}'. Fined 
 $150. Case appealed. [But it was never carried up to a higher court. ]t 
 
 The liquor element was now fairly arou.sed to try and break down the 
 ordinance. Peter Steil, by advice of certain lawyers, went on selling liquor 
 
 ♦The city police court record from April 25 to Nov. 25. isSy, shows a total of i,>4 cases tried within 
 that time ; and of these cases 121 were arrests for being " driitik and disorderly," and seven were vari- 
 ous violations of city ordinances l)y liquor sellers — leaving only six cases in the seven months, or only 
 4^2 per cent, of the criminal business of the city that was not directly caused by liciuor sellers. 
 
 fThis case presented a verj' curious and anomalous stale of affairs. Pasadena as a voting precinct 
 was strongly Republican. There were two daily papers, both claiming to be Republican, yet the Union 
 was at this {ime chiefly owned by three leading Democrats, W. II. Masters, R. 1\I. Furlong iind Ilayard 
 T. Smith, and edited by Dr. John .McCoy ; and all four of them were proved to have bought and drank 
 beer which .Vlr. Steil sold in violation oV the law, he being also a strong Democrat, and a believer in his 
 party's <listinctive doctrine, known as the "anti-sumptuary" plank. The daily S/a/- also, although pre- 
 tending to be a Republican paper, supported this Democratic party doctrine, in opposition to the courts. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 255 
 
 at his restaurant, under pretense of his " appeal " case in court still pend- 
 ing, and also that restaurants had a right to serve liquors with meals, any- 
 way. The original private "agreement " as to the Carlton Hotel [see pages 
 243-44] i^ow came up with a barb on it ; for the claim was made, and rightly 
 too, that if a "first-class" hotel might furnish liquor with meals, anybody 
 else selling meals might do the same thing. The law could not discrimin- 
 ate in favor of any particular " class" of houses or price of meals. And 
 thus things went on from bad to worse until August 6, 1888, when another 
 great mass meeting was held to consider the situation and decide what 
 should be done. The gauntlet which had been thrown down by violators 
 of the law was taken up with vim and earnestness ; an enforcement cam- 
 paign was here started, which met with organized resistance from those who 
 favored legalizing for a high price the sale of liquors ; the conflict went on 
 for months, and thus came to be characterized as the "Whisky War" 
 period. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Whisky War. — Enforcement Committee. — Progressive League — Petition for 
 Licensed Saloons. — City Election Contest. — Ordinance Changed. — Violations Con- 
 tinue. — Cases in Court. 
 
 THE WHISKY WAR. 
 
 With the appointment of an Enforcement Committee at the great mass 
 meeting in the Tabernacle commenced the period historically known as 
 "The Whisky War in Pasadena." Those in favor of maintaining and en- 
 forcing the city's prohibitory ordinance now organized for vigorous action, 
 and moved at once on the enemy's works, where the law had been violated 
 either openly or secretly for several months. In regard to this historic 
 Tabernacle meeting and its work, I here quote from a public document en- 
 titled "The Whisky War in Pasadena," which was published in Sep- 
 tember — an edition of 2,000 copies: 
 
 THE MASS MEETING. 
 
 On Monday evening, August 6, 1888, a mass meeting of about 1,000 
 citizens of Pasadena assembled in the Tabernacle to take action against the 
 liquor outlawry in this city. The meeting was called to order by Col. W. A. 
 Ray, chairman of the committee of arrangements. On motion of Dr. 
 O. H. Conger, Hon. P. M. Green was elected chairman of the meeting. 
 Theo. Coleman, city editor of the Daily Star, was elected secretary. On 
 motion of Dr. Eyman Allen, it was voted that a committee of five be ap- 
 pointed by the chair to prepare resolutions expressing the sense of this 
 meeting, and to nominate a committee of substantial bu.siness men to carry 
 them into effect. The chair appointed Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First 
 Congregational church, J. M. Glass, president Pasadena Electric Light Co.. 
 T. J. Martin, Dr. H. A. Reid, and H. N. Farey as such committee. 
 
256 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 After a long absence (during which speeches were made in the meeting 
 by prominent citizens), the committee reported as follows : 
 
 THE RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Whereas, Our city's anti-saloon ordinance is being violated both 
 openly and covertly, and also one or more wholesale liquor stores are pre- 
 paring to force themselves upon us, contrary to the spirit and intent and 
 plain purport of our law, therefore, 
 
 1. Resolved, That we are emphatically in favor of maintaining and 
 enforcing Pasadena's anti-saloon ordinance without change, just as it was 
 when passed upon and sustained by the supreme court of California. 
 
 2. Resolved, That we pledge our influence and moral support, and 
 financial aid if necessary, to the trustees and officers of the QX\.y in their ef- 
 forts to enforce the law against all violators, and that we urge them to pro- 
 ceed at once with such enforcement. 
 
 3. Resolved, That this is not a question of any political party's doc- 
 trines or methods, but purely a question of whether a lawful majority of 
 the people shall be permitted to make and enforce the laws in Pasadena, or 
 whether a few shall be allowed to set the laws at defiance and bring repub- 
 lican government into contempt. 
 
 4. Resolved, That we regard every place in Pasadena where intoxi- 
 cating liquors are dispensed contrary to law, as an infamous invasion of our 
 territor}' b}^ a foreign foe : as a nesting-place of anarchy and outlawry ; as 
 in flagrant defiance of the very ground principles of republican govern- 
 ment. And against any and all such we declare unremitting war. 
 
 5. Resolved, That the aiders, abettors and supporters of such places, 
 whether openly or secretly, are allies of the common enemy, and are help- 
 ing to destroy the peace and safety of our homes, the value of our property, 
 the good name of our city, and the rights of local government. 
 
 6. Resolved, That we regard the threatened opening of wholesale 
 liquor houses in Pasadena as an open declaration of purpose to break down 
 the moral prestige of Pasadena as an anti-saloon city, and that we organize 
 at once for a resolute resistance. 
 
 7. Resolved. That as Monrovia, Riverside, Rlsinore, Compton, Long 
 Beach, South Pasadena, L,ompoc, Orange, and other cities have adopted the 
 Pasadena anti-saloon law, and are sharers with us in the common danger, 
 therefore we signal to these .sister towns that we are "holding the fort," 
 and by God's help we propose to hold it till the last rum hole is driven from 
 our borders ; and we call upon them to never let their anti-saloon standard 
 be lowered. 
 
 We would also nominate the following committee, with the recommend- 
 ation that they be empowered to raise, hold and disbur.se a fund to be known 
 as the " Rnforcement Fund," and to co-operate with the city authorities in 
 the enforcement of our prohibitorv ordinance : Dr. H. A. Reid, Hon. P. 
 M. Green, Geo. A. vSwartwout, Col. W. A. Ray, Prof. C. M. Parker, I. B. 
 Clapp, C. H. Converse, F. D. Stevens, Joseph Barnes, P. G. Wooster, C. C. 
 Reynolds, Geo. C. Hubbard. 
 
 Dexter D. Hill. T. J. Martin. 
 
 J. M. Glass. H. A. Reid. 
 
 H. N. Farey. Committee. 
 
 The report was adopted by a unanimous rising vote, amid rounds ot 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 257 
 
 applause. And in about ten minutes canvassing, names were signed for 
 various sums amounting in all to over $2,000, payable in ten per cent install- 
 ments, as an " Enforcement Fund." Much more has been added by persons 
 who were not at the meeting. 
 
 THE ENFORCEMENT COMMITTEE. 
 
 This committee is constituted as follows : 
 
 Dr. H. a. Reid, representing the W. C. T. U. at their special request.* 
 
 Hon. p. M. Green, President First National Bank. 
 
 Geo. a. Swartwout, Manager Pasadena National Bank. 
 
 CoL. W. A. Ray, President San Gabriel Valley Bank. 
 
 Prof. Chas. M. Parker, f^resident Y. M. C. A. 
 
 I. B. Clapp, orange grower, representing the Congregational Church. 
 
 C. H. Converse, capitalist, representing the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 F. D. Stevens, of vStevens Hardware Co., representing the M. K. Church. 
 
 Joseph Barnes, grocer, representing the Baptist Church. 
 
 P. G. WoosTER, capitalist, representing the Universalist Church. 
 
 C. C. Reynolds, Reynolds Bros., undertakers, representing the Friends 
 Church. 
 
 Geo. C. Hubbard, of H. N. Farey & Co. printing house, representing 
 the Christian Church. 
 
 [These men have all been formally approved and authorized by the 
 several churches to represent them in the work of this committee.] 
 
 EXECUTIVE BOARD. 
 
 The committee organized by electing Dr. H. A. Reid, chairman ; C. C. 
 Reynolds, secretary, and Col. W. A. Ray, treasurer. The board of officers, 
 with the addition of F. D. Stevens and Joseph Barnes, were appointed to act 
 as an Executive Board, on behalf of the general committee and the several 
 churches and other organizations which they represent. 
 
 The battle was now fairly joined. A series of promissory notes was 
 prepared, which recited on their face these words : 
 
 "Whereas, A certain 'Ordinance for Police Regulation' within the 
 City of Pasadena, which excludes liquor saloons, and other things of vicious, 
 immoral, or dangerous character, is being violated, and contested at law ; 
 
 And Whereas, A Fund has been pledged for the purpose of aiding the 
 City Authorities in the enforcement of said law, to which I subscribed the 
 
 sum of $ , therefore, in consideration of said pledge, and that the funds 
 
 so raised shall be used as may be found necessary, to defray expenses of 
 such enforcement, 
 
 I promise to pay, on demand, to the duly authorised Treasurer of said En- 
 forcement Fund, ten per cent of my subscription; and also in like manner an 
 additional te7i per cent from time to time as necessity may arise, to carry out the 
 object and intent of said pledge. ' ' 
 
 * Note. Pasadena, Cal., Aug. 3, 1888. 
 
 Dr. H. a. Reid — Dear Sir and Brother: 
 
 The Philistines are upon us. The liquor men are moving with a strong hand to force their dreadful 
 traffic upon unwilling Pasadena. Fervent Prayer, strong Faith, and bold, prompt Work, are the call of 
 the hour. With God's help, you led the work and won success in Pasadena's former struggle against 
 the saloons, and now we prayerfully and trustfully ask you and appoint you to act for the Woman's 
 Christian Temperance Union, in the same work again, for God and home and native land. 
 
 Mrs. O. S. Barber, Pres't. Mrs. C. H.Durant, Ass't Supt. Evangelistic Work. 
 
 Mrs. C. M. Parker, Sec'y. Mrs. M. C. Lokd, Press Sup't. 
 
 Mrs. Katie H. Keese, Treas. Jennie G. Monfort, Pres't Y. W. C. T. U. 
 
 Mrs. Rachel F. Reid, Vice-Pres't-at-large. Eva Landreth, Rec. Sec'y Y. W. C. T. U. 
 
 Mrs. C. N. Terry, Sup't Evangelistic Work. Fannie I. Brent, Cor. Sec'y Y. W. C. T. U. 
 
 17 
 
258 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The following is a list of the signers, and amounts of these notes — 
 ninety-six in all, and amounting to a total sum of $2,770 : 
 
 Name. No. of Note. Amt. Name. No. of Note. Amt. 
 
 Abbott, C. W 42 
 
 Allen, Lyman 17 
 
 Allin, John 33 
 
 Ball, B. F 48 
 
 Baldwin, A. E 66 
 
 Barber, O. S 43 
 
 Barnes, Joseph 26 
 
 Band of Hope (by C. B. 
 
 Gray, supt.) 96 
 
 Bennett, H. G 8 
 
 Bent, H. K. W 9 
 
 Blakeslee, Elizabeth 74 
 
 Burdick, F. H 70 
 
 Caldwell, R. M 69 
 
 Cambell, James 35 
 
 Carnahan, D. S 27 
 
 Carpenter, W. C 50 
 
 Carter, W. L 67 
 
 Case, C. E 82 
 
 Chapin, E. P 53 
 
 Church, J. F 68 
 
 Clapp, W. T 84 
 
 Clark, F. E 54 
 
 Clark, Fredk. K, 44 
 
 Clark, S. A. D....! 6 
 
 Conger, Dr. O. H i 
 
 Conger, H. M., prest 24 
 
 Curtis, Delia 85 
 
 Dagman, E. P 80 
 
 Daily, Carmi E 55 
 
 Dilworth, Benj 93 
 
 Doolittle, Mrs. S. H 72 
 
 Dyer, H 46 
 
 Evans, E. D 57 
 
 Evans, Wm. Penn 61 
 
 Farey, H. N 15 
 
 Fleming, J. H 32 
 
 Furlong, Thos. W 79 
 
 Galbraith, D 21 
 
 Glass, J. M 20 
 
 Goodwin, Mrs. H. F 87 
 
 Goodwin, H. F 88 
 
 Gray, C. B 81 
 
 Green, P. M 39 
 
 Griffith, E 78 
 
 Habbick, John 77 
 
 Harris, C. E 45 
 
 Harris, F. R 7 
 
 Hazzard, Geo 25 
 
 Houlahan, D. J 71 
 
 $ 50 Hubbard, Geo. C 28 
 
 100 Hubbard, R. B 63 
 
 25 I. O. G. T. (by J. W. Sed- 
 
 100 wick) 18 
 
 5 James, Smith 91 
 
 20 Keese, S. 1 92 
 
 25 Kernaghan, Geo. F 65 
 
 Ladies' Un. Prayer Meet- 
 
 5 ing (by Mrs. F. H. 
 
 25 Burdick) 73 
 
 25 Martin, T. J 30 
 
 10 McGrew, S. 31 
 
 50 McLean, D. R 19 
 
 5 Meharry, Geo. E 3 
 
 25 Meyers, M. M 37 
 
 10 Michener, L- H 38 
 
 20 Mills, A. F 14 
 
 25 Mundell, L N 83 
 
 50 Nelmes, Thos 64 
 
 10 Nichols, A. E 51 
 
 10 Palmateer, S 34 
 
 25 Parker, C. M 41 
 
 ID Pierce, E. T 86 
 
 10 Pinney, H. J 94 
 
 5 Raymond, W. H 62 
 
 100 Reid, H. A 11 
 
 50 Reynolds Bros 56 
 
 10 Rice, Benj. A 29 
 
 5 Ripley, C.B 52 
 
 5 Shoup, J. G 4 
 
 25 Smith, James 13 
 
 10 Stackhouse, J. B 5 
 
 10 Stevens, F. D 58 
 
 5 Strong, A. F. M 16 
 
 25 Sturdevant, C. V 10 
 
 50 Taylor, George 76 
 
 25 Tebbetts," C. E 60 
 
 5 Thomas, G. Roscoe 2 
 
 50 Ve.sper, A. E 95 
 
 10 Wallace, Joseph 59 
 
 20 Wallace, Bros 47 
 
 20 W. C. T. U. (by Katie 
 
 5 Keese, treas.) 36 
 
 I GO Wood , Henry 40 
 
 15 Wooster, P. G 75 
 
 5 Wright, Amos 22 
 
 10 Wright, Lulu 23 
 
 25 Yocum, J. D 90 
 
 10 Young, J. B 89 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 ID 
 100 
 
 25 
 15 
 
 25 
 20 
 
 50 
 10 
 10 
 100 
 25 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 50 
 50 
 10 
 
 5 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 50 
 25 
 5 
 25 
 100 
 
 5 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 259 
 
 August 15 a meeting of the committee was held, to hear a report from 
 its chairman, who had been specially appointed and instructed to go ahead 
 and carry out the resolutions adopted at the mass meeting of August 6, and 
 the openly declared purpose of the Enforcement Fund Notes. He said to 
 the committee : 
 
 " Eight days ago you appointed me chairman of your committee to en- 
 force City Ordinance No. 45. I laid out our plan of campaign to whip 
 these liquor outlaws so thoroughly that we will have no further trouble 
 with them, except as we do with sneak thieves, blacklegs, prostitutes, and 
 other sly and scaly law-breakers. And I have called you together this 
 morning to report progress. " 
 
 He then stated that he had been to Eos Angeles and consulted with the 
 U. S. district attorney, Geo. Dennis, Esq., and the U. S. revenue collector, 
 Mr, Ed. Gibson ; and under the latter' s instructions he had filed in the 
 revenue office on August 14 a statement as to violators of the United States 
 law in Pasadena, as follows : 
 
 Henry Beeste — Been selling beer. No U. S. revenue license. 
 
 Arthur Allen — Been selling malt beer under name of "birch beer." 
 No revenue license [U. S. tax receipt] shown. 
 
 Terry & Hep bur7i^ lessees of the Carlton Hotel — Been selling wine 
 and whisky. No U. S. revenue license stamp shown in their place of busi- 
 ness, * and they refused to show any when asked to do so. 
 
 John Senich — Been selling wine, whisky and beer. No revenue license 
 shown. 
 
 Mrs. John Ziegler — Been selling beer. No revenue license. 
 
 Peter Steil — Selling beer. No revenue license shown. 
 
 Webb & Satvyer — Selling beer. No revenue license shown. 
 
 The chairman further reported that upon consultation and agreement 
 with the city trustees, in accordance with resolutions No. 2 and No. 7, and 
 the Enforcement Fund Notes, he had employed the city attorney, F. J. 
 Polley, Esq., to act also as attorney for this committee. f He had engaged 
 the services of a regular and lawfully established detective agency. He 
 had engaged Williams & McKinley of Eos Angeles (the original attorneys on 
 this ordinance) to counsel with our attorney and detectives. He had engaged 
 the professor of chemistry at the University of Southern California, Prof. 
 E. R. Shrader, to make a legal test analysis of any falsely-named liquors 
 that might be contested in court as non-alcoholic. And he closed with this 
 sentence : 
 
 " Gentlemen, we are now ready to move on the enemy's works all along 
 
 *He had shown to the committee that if any liquor seller had a U. S. revenue tax receipt, but did 
 not keep it " placed conspicuously in his place of business," he was violating the United States law as well 
 as the city law. 
 
 jAugust S, 1SS8. "Moved and supported that the city attorney be and is hereby instructed to 
 prosecute all violations of ordinance No. 45, when in his judgment there is evidence enough to warrant 
 such prosecution." — ] City clerk's records.} 
 
26o HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the line ; and if any of them want to appeal to higher courts we are ready 
 to go right along with them, clear through to the United States supreme 
 court if necessary." 
 
 The report was formally received, adopted, and ordered placed on file. 
 After the committee adjourned, the newspaper men got wind of this report 
 and went to the secretary demanding a copy. It was furnished, and they 
 published the whole business. Then there was fire and fury and bloody 
 vengeance in the air, around all the liquor camps. Dr. O. H. Conger, who 
 had signed an Enforcement Note for $ioo, said facetiously, " I guess hell's 
 broke loose ! I think I can smell brimstone along the streets !" 
 
 Within a week the committee had evidence and witnesses ready to 
 prosecute twenty-three cases of violation of the ordinance. But now the 
 attorney discovered that the ordinance was utterly null — wasn't worth the 
 paper it was written on ; for in its original enactment four specific require- 
 ments of the state law in regard to such procedure had not been properly 
 complied with. It had not been formally put upon its passage and then 
 waited the "legal" time before being finally passed. It had not been 
 "legally" enrolled in the Ordinance Book. Printer's affidavit to its pub- 
 lication had not been "legally " made and placed on file. It had not 
 been "legally" signed by the President of the City Board of Trustees. 
 The city attorney and city clerk then in service were unfriendly to the or- 
 dinance ; yet it is generous to presume that it was ignorance, carelessness 
 and indifference combined, rather than design on their part, that caused these 
 fatal omissions in details which it was their official duty to look after. At 
 any rate, the committee and its attorney were now obliged to stop all pro- 
 ceedings, abandon their accumulated evidence, wait till the ordinance could 
 be re-enacted, and then commence anew by getting new evidence after the 
 ordinance had been passed again in manner as required by the state law. 
 However, they met the emergency without flinching, and submitted the fol- 
 lowing document to the city council : 
 
 To the Honorable, the Board of Trustees of the City of Pasadena: 
 
 Gentlemen: We, the undersigned committee duly appointed by the 
 people of Pasadena to act for them, find that the violators of ordinance 45 
 claim they can defeat it in court on some technical informality in its original 
 enactment — a point of law on which attorneys differ, and which might lead 
 to long and fruitless litigation. We therefore request, in order to place this 
 matter beyond a peradventure or the hair's-breadth of a doubt, that you 
 have said ordinance re-introduced and put upon its course of re-enactment, 
 whenever in your judgment you think best; .so that this last possible hope 
 of tho.se who have set themselves to violate the law may be deprived of the 
 least vestige of even a technical (|uibble to stand upon. 
 September 3, 1888. Signed, 
 
 H. A. Reid (acting by appointment for the W. C. T. U.). 
 
 Joseph Barnes (acting by appointment for the Baptist church). 
 
 Frank D. Stevens (acting by appointment for the M. E. church). 
 
DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. 261 
 
 P. M. Green (president First National Bank). 
 
 W. Aug. Ray (president San Gabriel Valley Bank). 
 
 I. B. Clapp (acting by appointment for the Congregational 
 
 church). 
 I. J. Reynolds (for C. C. Reynolds ; acting by appointment of 
 
 the Friends church). 
 Geo. C. Hubbard (acting by appointment for the Christian 
 
 church). 
 P. G. WooSTER (acting by appointment for the Universalist 
 
 church). 
 C. M. Parker (acting by appointment for the Y. M. C. A.). 
 G. A, SwarTwout (manager Pasadena National Bank). 
 C. H. Converse (acting by appointment for the Presbyterian 
 
 church). 
 
 The council was not averse to re- enacting the ordinance, word for word, 
 as it had been sustained by the supreme court ; yet it was not until Septem- 
 ber 15 that this could be properly effected. And the liquor men, not know- 
 ing of the defectiveness of the ordinance, had already gotten up a petition 
 which claimed to have 513 lawful signers to it, and reading thus : 
 
 "We, the undersigned citizens of Pasadena, county of lyOS Angeles, 
 and State of California, believing the present ordinance No. 45 to be detri- 
 mental to the best interests of this city, do respectfully petition your honor- 
 able body to call an election at an early day, of the voters of this city to 
 vote on the question of the repeal of said oydina?ice No. 45, and the adop- 
 tion in the place thereof of an ordinance to regulate the sale of intoxicat; 
 ing liquors by the high licetise system "; etc. 
 
 This petition had been referred to the judiciary committee of the City 
 Council— and while it was held under consideration, the Enforcement Com- 
 mittee by its chairman made the following points or suggestions, during 
 various personal interviews with regard to it : 
 
 ist. The petition and its signers' names ought to be pubhshed so that 
 all citizens concerned may see whether the signers are all voters and tax- 
 payers here or not. The original petitioners for the ordinance did this at 
 their own expense ; and these petitioners against it ought to be put to the 
 same test. 
 
 2d. The original petitioners for the ordinance pledged money in bank 
 to indemnify the city against any expense which might arise from the 
 granting of their petition. These high license petitioners had asked the 
 city to incur the expense of a special election. They should be required to 
 put up the money themselves, just as the other petitioners were. 
 
 3d. Such an election would be a non-statutory affair, not governed by 
 any law of the state ; and hence any amount of fraudulent voting could be 
 practiced, without any recourse at law to prevent or punish it. ^ 
 
 4th. The question of maintaining ordinance No. 45 was distinctly in 
 issue at the last city election, and the present council was elected on a plat- 
 form in favor of its maintenance. Hence, by our republican system of gov- 
 ernment, that policy has a right to stand in full force until the next lawful 
 city election. 
 
262 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 In accordance with the first point, the petition and appended names 
 was published at city's expense [the getters up of it were stronglj^ opposed 
 to its publication] in the Daily Union of September 8, 1888 — the Unio7i 
 being at that time the official paper of the city. It was then discovered 
 that the names of O. H. Conger and James Smith were on it, although both 
 of them had signed notes of $100 for the enforcement fund — yet these 
 names had been shown around by solicitors for this petition as proof that 
 the original supporters of the ordinance had changed in favor of "high 
 license ;" and thereby some were influenced to sign it who otherwise would 
 not have done so. Dr. Conger and Mr. Smith took prompt measures to in- 
 vestigate this outrage upon their names and personal honor ;* and it was 
 found that a Los Angeles carpenter named James Smith, who happened to be 
 in Pasadena on a three weeks' job, had signed his name to it.f The other 
 case was another Conger whose initials happened to be so nearly the same 
 as the Doctor's that they were easily mistaken and misprinted for his. 
 
 These frauds becoming known, led two men, T. J. Martin and Merritt 
 Allen, without any knowledge of each other, to go through the whole list 
 of names and carefully compare them with the Great Register ; and they 
 found signed to this liquor license petition 160 names that were not lawful 
 voters in Pasadena — most of them not even in the county, although a few 
 names were found belonging to other precincts and to lyos Angeles city. The 
 petition was finally reported from the judiciary committee to committee of 
 the whole. On November 13, the committee of the whole reported ad- 
 versely to calling any such election, and this report was duly adopted in 
 regular session that day. Meanwhile, however, on September 15, 1888, the 
 anti-saloon ordinance had been re-enacted as No. 125, " by the votes of 
 Trustees M. M. Parker, A. G. Throop, Stephen Townsend, Edson Turner, 
 and J. B, Young — unanimous." 
 
 During these weeks there was a concentrated effort to break down the 
 chairman of the committee in his personal character and good name, so that 
 he was frequently obliged to make reply through the press, in denial of 
 some false report published. There were then five papers here pitted against 
 the ordinance — theDai/y Siar, Daily Union, and Weekly CrzVzV of Pasadena; 
 and the Daily Times and Daily Tribiuie of Los Angeles which both had 
 regular staff reporters here. Thus every foolish, malicious or false imputa- 
 tion against him which was concocted in the drinking places, billiard rooms 
 and cigar stands, was eagerly caught up by the reporters, in their zeal each 
 to get into print first with the latest sensation ; and thus it carce about, that 
 no matter what the committee did do, or did not do, their position and action 
 and purposes were constantly misrepresented and falsified and sensationalized 
 
 *In the Daily Star of Sept. ii, i8S8, Dr. Conger offered a reward of $ioo for evidence to convict the 
 forger of his name to this document. 
 
 tThe city records show that twice afterward this same James Smith was arrested as "drimk and 
 disorderly," plead guilty, and paid a fine of $5. See Recorder's Book No. i, cases 76 and 206. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 263 
 
 to the reading public — and this had much to do with the number of names 
 signed to the " high license " petition. This vicious policy culminated at 
 last in a boldly slanderous article by W. H. Storms, city editor of the Daily 
 Union, against Dr. Reid as chairman of the committee. Dr. Reid went 
 directly to Mr. Storms in person, assuring him of the falsity of the accusations, 
 and asked on whose authority he made the statements. Mr. Storms de- 
 clined to give any name. And the next day the following document was 
 formally served upon the "Union Publishing Co. : " 
 
 To the Proprietors or Stockholders of the ^' Union Publishi7ig Company'" of 
 
 Pasadena, California : 
 
 Gentlemen : — Your paper, the Pasadena Daily Union, of date Sep- 
 tember 4, 1888, makes certain grave accusations against me as chairman of 
 the "Enforcement Committee," with this declaration — "and which, if 
 necessary, we are prepared to prove.'" 
 
 Gentlemen, that article is libelous, is slanderous, is scandalously false. 
 It is injurious and damaging to me in person. And it is due to myself — it 
 is due to the twelve reputable business men who constitute the " Enforce- 
 ment Committee ' ' and made me their chairman — it is due to the seven 
 large churches and other organizations which that committee represents — 
 that your editor's pretended proofs should be produced to us at once, or else 
 that the slanderous article be retracted through your editorial columns in as 
 broad, unqualified and public a manner as the accusations were made. 
 
 This I require, both on my own behalf and on behalf of the churches 
 and people whom I represent. 
 
 Respectfully, H. A. Reid, 
 
 Dated September 6, 188S. Chairman Enforcement Committee. 
 
 We consider Dr. Reid's requirement above to be reasonable and just — 
 that the proofs which the editor of the Union claims to have, should be 
 produced at once, or else the accusations be retracted as unqualifiedly and 
 publicly as they were made. 
 Signed : 
 
 Reynolds Bros., Lyman Allen, G. A. Swartwout, 
 
 O. H. Conger, A. K. McQuilling, J. H. Fleming, 
 
 B. F. Ball, J. M. Glass, P. M. Green, 
 
 Delos Arnold, D. Galbraith, W. T. Clapp, 
 
 F. R. Harris & Co., W. Aug. Ray, M. D. Painter, 
 
 G. E. Meharry, H. G. Bennett, Henry N. Farey, 
 Stevens Hardware Co. H. D. Bennett, E- C. Winston. 
 
 The name of informant was still withheld, but ample proof promised 
 very soon ; so that evening's paper contained an affidavit from one John 
 Gorthy, a drunken loafer then temporarily in the city, who had reported an 
 interview, false in every detail, which he pretended to have had with Dr. 
 Reid. The next morning Dr. Reid got E- C. Winston, notary public, to go 
 and procure statements under oath from E. H. Hyde and A. A. Chubb, who 
 were present all of the time on the only occasion that said Reid had ever 
 seen John Gorthy. [The statement of Geo. Hazzard, who had also been 
 present, was procured some days later.] And the i;esult was that John 
 
264 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Gorthy was proved to be a liar, a slanderer aud a perjurer — and he left the 
 city forthwith. The same paper which contained Gorthy's drunken im- 
 aginings, sworn to as fact, contained also a lot of falsehoods about the Carlton 
 hotel case, in which the committee had been the means of detecting its lessees 
 in selling whisky by the bottle and sent to private rooms, besides other out- 
 lawry going on there. The lessee had given a bond agreeing to get all his 
 liquors out of town within three days, and not sell any more liquors during 
 the life of this bond (six months), under penalty of five hundred dollars. 
 The city attorney had granted him his own free choice, to sign this bond, or 
 go 071 trial and take the chances of what the court and jury would give him ; 
 and he chose the bond. The committee was thus prevented Irora making 
 public its evidence, and this left the field open for the most unconscionable 
 falsehoods to be put forth about the case. This open field was industriously 
 worked for mouths afterwards ; and these falsehoods were publicly repeated 
 on the liquor side in the city campaign of 1890 — nineteen months later. 
 But at that time, in a public meeting in Williams Hall, April 8, 1890, A. R. 
 Metcalfe, Esq., being called out, made an able speech defending the city 
 council then in office, in replv to false accusations against them ; and in- 
 cidentally he alluded to this Carlton hotel case. The I^os Angeles Tribime 
 and the Pasadena Star both reported his speech, and I quote from them the 
 passage referring to this particular case. Tribune' s report : 
 
 " The trouble is not with the law. I understand that great stress 
 has been laid on the fact that the Carlton hotel was closed under the 
 provisions of this ordinance. I say boldly, the Carlton hotel should have 
 been closed. It would cause the blu.sh of shame to mount the cheek of any 
 gentleman in this room if he knew all that went on there ; and if the Web- 
 ster or Acme should have such scenes enacted in them, I would favor closing 
 them also." 
 
 Star's report: " The prosecution of the Carlton hotel proprietors was 
 referred to as having been 07ie of the besttlmigs ever done in the city, for it would 
 bring the blush of shame to aiiy mail'' s cheek to knoxv what scandalous things 
 went 071 i7i that hotel.'" 
 
 This was the first recognition or acknowledgement ever made in a 
 public way of the good work done by the enforcement committee in that 
 case ; while on the other hand they had borne for nineteen months the 
 grossest misrepresentation and most vindictive contumely both at home 
 and abroad, on account of it. And the lives of members of the detective 
 agency were so virulently threatened that they had to leave town. One very 
 prominent citizen said, " They ought to have been tarred and feathered ! " 
 Another said of the chairman, " O, we'll make it so d — d red hot for that 
 fellow that he can't stay i7i this co7i7itry ! "* Another, shaking a fist in bis 
 face, said, " We can put up ten thousand dollars to beat you! We have 
 plenty of backing in Los Angeles and San Francisco!" Another said, 
 
 *This mail was a foreigner ; had then been only six years naturalized. 
 
DIVISION THREH — BRAINS. 265 
 
 "We're going to see to it that you shan't enforce it." Another said, 
 
 "We'll show you up to be the d dest liar in all this country ! " Another 
 
 said, "He helped to ruin Iowa, and now he's come here to ruin this 
 country ! " These were all prominent, well-known citizens at that time, 
 and members of the "Progressive League," but it would not be proper to 
 give the names here. Yet these are only a few sample instances of what 
 that committee had to undergo. Nevertheless, it went right on with its 
 work of aiding the city officers in detecting and prosecuting liquor selling 
 outlaws. 
 
 In September, 1888, a strong effort was made to commit the Board of 
 Trade as an organized body in opposition to the prohibitory ordinance ; but 
 this did not succeed ; and the next historic move was the organization of a 
 "Progressive lyeague," so-called, to fight the ordinance and all its sup- 
 porters, on the basis of the high license saloon petition, an account of which 
 I have already given. On October 20, 1888, a mass meeting of this 
 " lyeague " was held on an out-door public assembly ground then known as 
 Haymarket Square. Justus Brockway served as chairman ; W. P. Hyatt, 
 then democratic deputy district attorney, was secretary ; and there were 
 called to the platform a list of twenty-seven vice-presidents. A series of 
 resolutions was adopted, misrepresenting the action of the city council in 
 regard to the saloon petition, and denouncing it as "an arbitrary and tyran- 
 nical exercise of power and in derogation of the right of petition." 
 Numerous speeches were made in virulent denunciation of the city council 
 and the Enforcement Committee. But the whole situation was summed up 
 in a brief speech toward the last by B. A. O'Neil, one of the most active 
 and earnest workers of the lycague, who boldly and frankly said : 
 
 " There is no need of long speeches. It's saloons we want, and saloons 
 we're going to have ; and we're going to have good ones, too." 
 
 Full reports of the meeting, with its array of vice-presidents, officers, 
 speakers, resolutions, committees, etc., were published in the daily papers 
 the next da}^ ; and if the reader wishes to see further about it he can find it 
 in their files for that year. On October 27, a committee from the I^eague, 
 consisting of B. A. O'Neil, W. U. Masters, and M. H. Weight, visited the 
 city council, with complaints and demands in regard to their petition for 
 licensed saloons. I was present, and heard the whole proceedings. Their 
 claims and grievances were heard respectfully, and on every point were 
 shown to be erroneous. The city council then consisted of Prof. M. M. 
 Parker, Hon. A. G. Throop, Edson Turner, Stephen Townsend, and J. B. 
 Young, who severally showed that the petition had been referred to the 
 judiciary committee, and had in every respect taken the regular and lawful 
 course customary and proper in all such cases. There were legal questions 
 as to the validity of such an election ; and a new Great Register for the 
 county was being prepared ; and other points to investigate, which made 
 
266 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 more time necessary ; and final action was not taken on the matter until 
 November 13. At this date I find in the city clerk's records that Committee 
 of the Whole made a formal report on the petition for saloon license elec- 
 tion, reciting at considerable length reasons for denying petition. The re- 
 port was unanimously adopted and made of record. The points covered 
 were in substance as follows : 
 
 I St. Present board elected on pledges to maintain ordinance No. 45. 
 
 2d. The claim that public sentiment has changed on the saloon ques- 
 tion since April 9 last, is not warranted by facts. 
 
 3d. Not advisable to engage in another election so soon after the strife, 
 contention and excitement of a national election. 
 
 4th. It is the purpose of the board in proper time to submit the ques- 
 tion of change of city charter ; and the saloon question would then be one 
 of the questions involved. 
 
 The next historic move on this line was the starting of the Pasadena 
 Standard, December 22, 1888, by Dr. Reid. The work of the committee 
 which he headed was so constantly misrepresented, falsified and traduced 
 both at home and abroad by the daily newspapers, that he was compelled in 
 self-defense to start a paper of his own. This he did, and kept it up for 
 seventeen months — or until May 3, 1890, after the city election of that 
 year, [See page 218.] 
 
 There is abundant material pertaining to Pasadena's "Whisky War," 
 from 1875 to 1894, to make a large and interesting volume of itself. But I 
 could give in this work only a few of the more prominent historic way- 
 marks along the line of years, or within the most active months of the long 
 campaign. However, I give names, dates, references, documents, news- 
 paper citations, etc., so that any one wishing to investigate the matter more 
 critically can know where to find information at first hand. 
 
 The misrepresentations of the newspapers, both at home and abroad, 
 in regard to the situation in Pasadena were kept up so persistently, and be- 
 came so annoying to the council and other officers, that they at last put 
 forth this document, each point of which was necessary to officially contro- 
 vert some widely published falsehood : 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., March 14, 1889. 
 
 Whereas, P'alse reports have been circulated by the Los Angeles and 
 other newspapers in regard to the prohibitory or anti-saloon law of Pasa- 
 dena, we hereby state, for the information of all people who care to know, 
 the following facts in the case : 
 
 ist. There is no open .saloon within the city limits of Pasadena, 
 though there probably are a few places where liquor is sold "on the sly." 
 
 2d. The law against saloons is as well enforced as the laws against 
 other forms of vice. 
 
 3d. The city authorities have never given permission to any hotel to 
 keep a bar or sell liquor ; and there is no hotel in the city keeping a bar. 
 
 4th. If any persons in the city are selling licjuors otherwise than in ac- 
 cordance with the provision made for legitimate drug stores, they are doing 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 267 
 
 it as outlaws, and are liable at any time to be detected and dealt with as 
 outlaws. 
 
 5th. Our last city election was a very decided majority expression in 
 favor of the law as it is, for every officer elected was pledged to maintain it ; 
 and there is general satisfaction with the law among our best citizens. 
 There is no intention of repealing it. Signed, 
 
 M. M. Parker, president city council. 
 
 A. G. Throop, member city council. 
 
 S. TowNSEND, member city council. 
 
 A. McIyEAN, member city council. 
 
 J. B. Young, member city council. 
 
 James H. Cambell, city clerk. 
 
 I. N. MuNDELL, city marshal. 
 
 P. A. V. Van Doren, city recorder [police judge]. 
 
 Frank J. Polley, city attorney. 
 
 The Enforcement Committee continued its work in strict accordance 
 with the resolutions of August 6, 1888, and the object set forth in the En- 
 forcement Fund notes. More than a dozen cases of violation of the law 
 reported by the regular police officers had to be dismissed without prose- 
 cution, for want of such precise and exact evidence regarding date, place, 
 time of day, who sold, who bought, how dispensed, proof as to name or kind 
 of liquor, etc., as was necessary to meet and withstand the technical catch- 
 points raised by attorneys in defense of the parties arrested. This made it 
 necessary to employ detectives. The men of the regularly established detec- 
 tive agency, as I explained before, and also one regular policeman who 
 made the case against John Dolan, had been driven out of town by the 
 hoodlum element ; but others came forward from time to time [ten in all] to 
 meet the emergency.* One of these was beaten, gouged, seriously injured, 
 and driven away. Another's life was threatened ; and once a pistol was 
 drawn upon him, but he also whisked a revolver out from his hip pocket 
 and got an aim first, and his assailant wilted — afterward plead guilty to 
 whisky selling, paid a fine, and left town. Two of the detectives were ar- 
 raigned on fallacious charges, and compelled to stand trial at some other 
 place, on pretense of the liquor men that a fair trial could not be had in 
 Pasadena. So a jury trial of the case was held at Garvanza ; and the two 
 
 * Nov. 10, 18SS ; "Moved and supported that the marshal and the attorney be instructed to use all 
 due vigilance to enforce ordinance No. 125 [same as orignal No. 45], and every violation of said ordinance 
 to be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. Carried." — City Clerk's record 
 
 Aug. 3, 1SS9. The question of detective police service was before the council, ou a bill of $25 due C. 
 L,. Case in the whisky selling case against Fred Frechette. The service had been rendered under sanc- 
 tion of the city marshal, and bill "O. K'd." by him. The clerk's record says ; 
 
 "City attorney stated that the city had the right to appropriate money for the use of the police de- 
 partment in detective and similar work, etc." Whereupon the board unauimou.sly voted " that the ac- 
 tion of the city marshal in his endeavor to enforce the law be fully endorsed by this board." And so the 
 bill was ordered paid. 
 
 A rankling and furious hostility was worked up against the employment of detective service in 
 these cases, during all the months of this " Whisky War" period. Yet I find that city attorney W. E- 
 Arthur, in some similar cases during the first week in February, 1895, sustained svich service. From the 
 Weekly Star of Feb. 6 I quote : " Judge Rose's speech in support of liis case [attoruey for the liquor sel- 
 ler] was for the most part a bitter invective against detective Vinuell and the slimy ways of detectives." 
 * * " city attorney Arthur stated that ci'Zf/^wc^ z"« these cases cannot be procured in any other way — 
 that the men who commonly violate the law will not testify against the violators." Thus the city council 
 of 1888-89 stands vindicated. 
 
268 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 men were acquitted and released in three minutes by the jury. Another case 
 is worthy of mention. A man was convicted of unlawful whisky selling 
 here, after a jury trial, and appealed his case to the superior court at Los 
 Angeles. During the re-trial there the liquor attorney demanded that the 
 printer's certificate as to this ordinance having been published in accordance 
 with state law when enacted should be produced in court. That document 
 was filed away in some pigeon hole in the city clerk's office in Pasadena, and 
 of course could not be then and there produced. The city clerk had been 
 in court with the ordinance book, had sworn to the due and lawful enact- 
 ment of the ordinance in question, and then at his request he had been ex- 
 cused by the judge [McKinley] and had returned home. But now, because 
 the printer's certificate was not produced right there, this sharp criminal 
 lawyer claimed that it had not been proved to the court that any such law as 
 his client was accused of violating did validly exist in Pasadena ; and there- 
 fore it was not proven that his client had violated any law. And on this the 
 Los Angeles jury brought in a verdict of " not guilty," in spite of the fact 
 that whisky which the defendant had sold for dram-drinking was produced 
 and verified in court by two witnesses. 
 
 The " Progressive League," with the principal newspapers at its service, 
 continued its fight against the city council and the Enforcement Committee ; 
 and its managers especially planned and manceuvered for carrying the next 
 city election in their interest. Of course I can only give a few main points, 
 with dates and references, so that anyone wishing to pursue the matter 
 further can find what he wants on either side. My present business as his- 
 torian is only to cite a few of the more prominent historic facts, impartially 
 and without comment. 
 
 The city election was to occur on Monday, April 14, 1890. During the 
 preceding November, December and January, the Daily Times and Daily 
 Star both advocated the nomination of a straight republican ticket for that 
 election. But early in February [Feb. 8] a plan of campaign was made up 
 privately for a .so-called Citizens ticket, and a platform was put forth which 
 was in substance a repetition of the Progressive League's resolutions adopted 
 October 20, 1889, against the city council, thougli with a few additional 
 points of wrongful and grossly unjust accusation; and on the liquor question 
 it declared : 
 
 ^'Resolved, That we are in favor of our hotels being allowed to furnish 
 WINES AND LIQUORS TO THEIR GUESTS." 
 
 The platform was not signed by anybod}^ and no report given as to its 
 origin; yet the Times and Star [of February 12 and following] both came 
 out in support of this non-republican scheme and its unfathered platform. 
 And the Los Angeles Daily Tribune, then edited l)y ex-Gov. L. A. Sheldon 
 of Pasadena, in an editorial upon this strange state of affairs s^aid : 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 269 
 
 "The people of Pasadena are noted for their good order and sobriety, 
 and they have got along without drunkenness and disorder. The place is 
 overwhelmingly republican. We do not see why there cannot be nominated 
 and elected a straight party ticket. Certainly our friends have plenty of 
 good men. It seems unwise tor republicans to break ranks for the purpose of 
 giving the saloonists a chance.'^ 
 
 And again at a later date, February 20, the Tribune again said concern- 
 ing this matter : 
 
 ■' A petition is being circulated requesting voters to bind themselves to 
 stand by the Citizens' ticket, whoever the nominees of the caucus may be. 
 * * When in a strong republican community there is an effort to run 
 a " non-partisan " ticket, it would be well to inquire if there is not a demo- 
 crat at the bottom of it."* 
 
 The liquor interest movement went on, however, with the daily Times 
 [lyos Angeles], daily Star and daily Union, all advocating it. Then about 
 February 24 a call was circulated for a counter convention, reading as 
 follows . 
 
 " We, the undersigned, who are opposed to boss rule, to the return of 
 saloons to Pasadena, and in favor of the maintenance of Ordinance 125, and 
 of an economical administration of the city government, request the people of 
 the city of Pasadena to meet in mass convention at Williams Hall, on Satur- 
 day, the 29th day of March. 1890, at 7.30 p. m., for the purpose of adopt- 
 ing a platform and nominating candidates for the several city offices to be 
 chosen at the next municipal election." 
 
 This was signed by such prominent republicans as Gov. ly. A. Sheldon, 
 Hon. Delos Arnold, B. F. Ball, Hon. Alex. M'T^ean, Judge E. J. Millay, 
 Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, Hon. A. G. Throop, and over two hundred other 
 names. But while waiting for the time to arrive, still another call was issued 
 for a mass meeting of all republicans in Pasadena who were in favor of 
 maintaining ordinance 125 unchanged. This meeting was held in Williams 
 Hall, March 22 ; and from the reports of different papers at the time I here 
 quote a few of the main points most directly bearing upon the history topic 
 of this chapter. From the Standard' s report : 
 
 "Hon. Delos Arnold, who served two terms in the Iowa state senate, 
 was elected chairman, and Major J. D. Gilchrist, secretary. The following 
 vice-presidents were nominated and called to the platform : Gov. L. A. 
 Sheldon, Mayor A. G. Throop, Col. O. S. Picher, Rev. L. P. Crawford, Dr. 
 G. Roscoe Thomas, ex-Mayor H. J. Holmes, B. F. Ball and W. T. Knight. 
 
 "A committee of five was then appointed on resolutions, consisting of 
 Hon. Alex. McLean, formerly member of the legislature from Santa Bar- 
 bara county. Col. O. S. Picher, B. F. Ball, Dr. Thomas, and J. B. Corson, 
 all of them men well known as party republicans." 
 
 Gov. Sheldon was loudly called for, and made a speech of some length. 
 One or two points specially pertinent to this chapter I quote from the 
 Tribune' s report of his speech : 
 
 *It was an open secret, that W. U. Masters, the keenest democratic politician in the county was 
 "at the bottom" of this whole "non-partisan" scheme for driving "republicans to break ranks." Of 
 course it was fair game for his party, and great big fun, also. 
 
270 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "Those who know me know that I am a very decided repubhcan. I be- 
 lieve in the party, and the men who represent it. I started out in the advo- 
 cacy of a republican ticket for our city government. I found that party 
 lines were to be thrown down and a new issue taken. vShall we maintain 
 ordinance No. 125 ? They want to modif\' this ordinance so hotels can serve 
 wine to their guests. If this law is made we will have hotels on every 
 corner. Do you think any one would come to Pasadena to get a drink ? 
 Where one would come hundreds would stay away. Our grand scenery, 
 beautiful lawns and grand orange groves are not the chief glory of Pasadena. 
 It is the order and sobriety of our city. The modification of ordinance No. 
 125 was likened to the crevasses which cut breaches in river levees, cau.sed 
 at first by crawfish, which perforate the banks with small holes, but 
 which end in inundation. I^et there be no crawfish holes in Pasadena. I 
 beg of you, my friends, that you see to it that the flood-gates of intemper- 
 ance shall not be opened on this cit3^" 
 
 "Judge E. J. Millay, formerly judge of Sagadahoc county, Maine, was 
 called for, being one of the prominent republicans of the city ; and some of 
 the principal points of his speech were : We have assembled here to discuss 
 the issue of the coming election. The issue is, ' Shall we maintain the pro- 
 hibition ordinance or shall we license liquor sellers?' Let me say to you 
 tonight, if you change that ordinance you will take a backward step. 
 There are more than four times the guests in Pasadena than Los Angeles, 
 in proportion to the population. Our prosperity depends on the mainten- 
 ance of our ordinance. 
 
 " Rev. D. D. Hill, pa.stor of the Congregational church was next called, 
 and he gave a rousing short talk of no uncertain sound. He made the 
 point in particular that Pasadena has her freedom from saloons as her one 
 crowning advantage which no other city on the coast has, in combination 
 with the same other attractions, and this will draw to us the best .sort of 
 families to reside here, for their children's sake. Pluck that crown from 
 our fair Pasadena's brow and you ruin her good name and destroy her pros- 
 perity." 
 
 Rev. E. L. Conger, D. D., pastor of the Universalist church, was called, 
 and from his speech as reported in the Standard I quote this passage : 
 
 "Ever since I cast my first vote for Abraham Lincoln I have been a 
 republican. I believe the people should rule. I am for this city, for its 
 government and its laws. Is there any other issue before this city than the 
 one embodied in ordinance 125? The gentlemen pn the other side say, 
 " There is no issue ; we don't want saloons — neither do you. We want an 
 economical government — so do you. There is no issue." But there is an 
 issue. We all understand that — and out of the whole column of the so- 
 called Citizens' platform, the i.s.sue is all centered in three lines — 
 
 '^Resolved, That we are in favor of our hotels being allowed to 
 
 FURNISH WINES AND LIQUORS TO THEIR OUESTS. " 
 
 "This is the issue and the only i.ssue. All the rest of the Citizens' 
 platform is an unjust attack upon the ability and integrity of our city 
 councilmen, who are entitled to thanks instead of censures, for they have 
 served the city gratuitously and faithfully." 
 
 From the resolutions adopted as the sense of this meeting I quote only 
 the portion covering the special topic of this chapter : 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 27 1 
 
 ' ' Resolved, That we are in favor of a strictly economical policy in the 
 administration of the affairs of our city government, and that we are m favor 
 of the viaintenance of ordinance 125 as a police regulation. 
 
 " Resolved, That we denounce the reckless and untruthful resolutions 
 of the so-called Citizens' platform, and their continued publication as detri- 
 mental to the best interests of Pasadena, and a sjibtle attempt to introduce the 
 nefarious retail whisky traffic into our city. 
 
 A. McIvEAN, G. RoscoE Thomas, 
 O. S. PicHER, J. B. Corson, 
 
 B. F. Ball, Committee." 
 
 The next historic event in this anti-liquor campaign was the People's 
 convention, the call for which I have already given. The Pasadeyia Stayidard 
 had hitherto been published only once a week, but on April 3 it commenced 
 a daily edition ; and from its report of this convention I quote a few para- 
 graphs : 
 
 "Last Saturday evening, March 29, the grandest city convention ever 
 held in Pasadena assembled in Williams Hall to nominate candidates for the 
 city offices. The hall was packed from stage to stairways, and the gallery 
 running over. Many came late and could not force themselves in. A good 
 many ladies were present, and others came but could not get in. 
 
 "The assemblage was called to order by Hon. Delos Arnold ; and on 
 motion A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., was elected president of the convention with 
 rousing enthusiasm, and J. G. Shoup, secretary. On taking the chair Mr. 
 Metcalfe made a .speech, clear-cut, ringing, forcible — and showed that if the 
 so-called Citizens' platform should prevail, it means an open liquor traffic in 
 Pasadena — it cannot mean nor be made to mean anything else, as every 
 lawyer knows perfectly well. He also stated that in the committee which 
 framed that platform a resolution was presented declaring that they were 
 opposed to the retail liquor traffic in Pasadena, and // was voted dow7i. 
 
 "On motion the chair appointed F. S. Wallace, B. F. Ball and J. B. 
 Corson a committee on order of business ; and they retired for consultation. 
 
 "On motion, J. D. Gilchrist, M. M. Parker and W. T. Clapp were ap- 
 pointed a committee on resolutions. John Allin was appointed sergeant-at- 
 arms. 
 
 ' ' Committee on order of business reported ; report adopted ; and the 
 good work then went on by rule. Spaces were assigned in the hall for the 
 electors from the several wards to get together and nominate each their own 
 choice for city trustee ; and a recess of fifteen minutes was taken for that 
 purpose." 
 
 Omitting long details of procedure, the final result was the nomination 
 of candidates as follows : For city trustees — First ward. A.. F. M. Strong ; 
 second ward, EHsha Millard ; third ward, B. F. Ball ; fourth ward, Charles 
 M. Parker; at-large, Hon. Delos Arnold. For city marshal, D. R. McLean; 
 clerk, James Cambell ; treasurer, W. T. Vore. 
 
 The whereases and resolutions reported by the committee were unani- 
 mously adopted without change. I quote only the.se two : 
 
 "2. Resolved, That we are in favor of maintaining what is known as 
 ordinance 125, as a measure indispensable to the best interests of Pasadena, 
 now and hereafter. 
 
272 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "3 Resolved, That we believe the resolutions in the so-called Citi- 
 zens' platform are in part untrue ; that their continued publication in our 
 daily paper is detrimental to the interests of our city ; and that the so-called 
 citizens' movement would in fact, if successful, lead to the introduction of the 
 retail liquor traffic into our midst. J. D. Gilchrist, chairman, 
 
 M. M. Parker, secretary, 
 W. T. Clapp, Committee. 
 
 " On motion, a central committee was appointed, consisting of C. C. 
 Thompson, J. G. Shoup, R. H. Pinney, G. Roscoe Thomas and A. F. 
 Keyes." 
 
 This was on Saturday evening. On the next Tuesday evening a great 
 ratification meeting was held in the Tabernacle ; and from reports published 
 the following day, I quote the main points specially pertinent to this nar- 
 rative : 
 
 " C. C. Thompson, chairman of the central committee, presided. The 
 nominees were all called to seats on the platform, and also the following 
 gentlemen to sit as vice-presidents : Gov. L. A. Sheldon, Hon. A. G. 
 Throop, D. Galbraith, Rev. Dr. Ormiston, A. R. Metcalfe, Jason Brown, 
 Geo. F. Kernaghan, L,. F. Miller, Dr. Davis, James Cambell, W. T. Clapp, 
 A. F. Keyes, P. G. Wooster, Rev. Solomon Dunton, M. M. Parker, T. J. 
 Martin, John AUin, Rev. ly. P. Crawford, John Habbick. The first speaker 
 called was Senator Delos Arnold, candidate for trustee-at-large, who spoke 
 briefly of the points of agreement and of disagreement between the two 
 parties now contending for the control of our city government. As to the 
 question of economy and discreet management, there was no division. But 
 the so-called Citizens' ticket stood for a policy which must in the very 
 nature of things open the way to the liquor traffic being re-established in Pasa- 
 dena, while the People's ticket stands for a policy which will prevent 
 
 THAT THING." 
 
 Other candidates were called in turn, and made brief responses, Then 
 A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., who was city attorney at the time, and had been at- 
 tacked in the daily Star, was urgently called for ; and from the published 
 reports of his speech I quote, because it is one of the wa5anark points in 
 the history of this whole matter. Mr. Metcalfe said : 
 
 "The editor of the Star had advised a search of the records, and he 
 had done so, with the result that he had found a petition on file in the city 
 clerk's office (presented in September, r888), expressing the belief that or- 
 dinance 45 (since changed to 125) was detrimental to the best interests of the 
 city, and asked the council to call an election for its repeal and the adoption 
 in lieu thereof of a high license system. He glanced at the names signed to 
 it, and the third name to it was Webster Wotkyns, now the candidate on 
 that side for city clerk. He found also the names of C. M. Simpson, their 
 candidate for trustee from the first ward ; T. Banbur}', their candidate from 
 the second ward ; Jas. Clarke, their candidate from the fourth ward ; S. 
 Washburn, their candidate for city treasurer ; A. Wakeley, their candidate 
 for city marshal. The names of two of their candidates, Lukens and 
 M' Quilling, were not signed to it ; but six out of the eight men on that 
 ticket had signed their own names to a declaration that ordinance 125 was 
 in their belief "detrimental to the best interests of the city," and they 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 
 
 273 
 
 wanted it repealed, and a "high Hcense system" adopted instead. This 
 shows plainly what the aim and purpose of that party is." 
 
 Rev. Dr. Ormiston, pastor of the Presbyterian church, was called for. 
 He plead for the fathers and mothers, the young men and maidens, the boys 
 and girls, the children of our hope and our love, that ordinance 125 be 
 maintained and liquor selling kept out of our city. 
 
 "Gov. Sheldon was called for; and although quite hoarse he made a 
 short speech. He said he was a very decided republican, but he believed in 
 his party going forward and not backward. The marching line of this 
 People's movement is forward — that of the other side is backward. If the 
 opposition policy should prevail, it mo-ZXiS flooding the city with liqiwr-selliiig 
 and all its evil results. He endorsed, the People's ticket and platform. He 
 also expressed himself in favor of woman's equality in social affairs, busi- 
 ness affairs, and political affairs." 
 
 On the next day the following document was published : 
 "Whereas, The position of the candidates for city trustees upon the 
 Citizen's ticket, on the temperance question, has been grossly and persist- 
 ently misrepresented ; therefore we, the undersigned, nominees, do declare 
 that we are unalterably opposed to a saloon, bar or tippling house of any 
 form or description in our city, and promise, if elected, that we will do no 
 official act that will permit or encourage the promiscuous sale or use of in- 
 
 toxicating liquors. 
 
 This was Wednesday, 
 vote resulted as follows : 
 
 (Signed,) 
 
 T. P. IvUKEN, 
 
 C, M. Simpson, 
 A. K. McQuii^UNG, 
 The next Monday was election day ; and the 
 
 T. Banbury, 
 James Clarke." 
 
 For Trustees : 
 
 *Lukens 
 
 *McOuilling 
 
 *Clarke 
 
 *Sinipson 
 
 *Banbury 
 
 fArnold 
 
 fStrong 
 
 fBall 
 
 fParker 
 
 tMillard 
 
 For Clerk : 
 
 *Wotkyns 
 
 tCambell 
 
 For Treasurer : 
 
 *Washburn , 
 
 tVore 
 
 For Marshal : 
 
 *Wakeley 
 
 tMcLean 
 
 
 WARDS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 107 
 
 154 
 
 175 
 
 150 
 
 586 
 
 no 
 
 156 
 
 183 
 
 148 
 
 598 
 
 106 
 
 150 
 
 169 
 
 149 
 
 574 
 
 108 
 
 153 
 
 176 
 
 149 
 
 586 
 
 107 
 
 152 
 
 174 
 
 147 
 
 580 
 
 187 
 
 104 
 
 135 
 
 117 
 
 543 
 
 183 
 
 100 
 
 130 
 
 115 
 
 528 
 
 185 
 
 98 
 
 133 
 
 119 
 
 535 
 
 186 
 
 lOI 
 
 132 
 
 113 
 
 1 532 
 
 183 
 
 103 
 
 130 
 
 III 
 
 527 
 
 95 
 
 133 
 
 159 
 
 135 
 
 521 
 
 197 
 
 124 
 
 150 
 
 126 
 
 597 
 
 106 
 
 146 
 
 166 
 
 135 
 
 553 
 
 187 
 
 no 
 
 143 
 
 129 
 
 569 
 
 •103 
 
 135 
 
 166 
 
 142 
 
 546 
 
 188 
 
 121 
 
 143 
 
 121 
 
 573 
 
 Majority 
 
 43 
 70 
 
 38 
 54 
 53 
 
 76 
 16 
 27 
 
 * Citizens' ticket (against ordinance). 
 
 t People's ticket (to maintain ordinance). 
 
 That night after the result was announced, a drunken mob went around 
 yelling and howling as if pandemonium had broke loose. Old tin pans and 
 18 
 
274 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 empty oil cans were pounded on, fishhorns blown, and every other device 
 used to make a hideous racket. A mob of men and boys thus equipped, 
 and variously estimated at 40 to 70 in numbers, went to the residence of Rev. 
 Dr. Bresee, pastor of the M. E. church ; went into the archway between the 
 church and parsonage, and got close up to doors and windows, yelling like 
 savages bent on a cannibal feast ; hooting, howling, groaning ; making 
 mock prayers ; banging their pans and tooting their fishhorns. Next they 
 went to the residence of A. F. M. Strong, president of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, on Herkimer street, and performed the same drunken 
 and riotous antics there, although Mrs. Strong was lying very sick at the 
 time. The same mob, or another just like it, went to the residence of Dr. 
 Reid, on Mary street, with the same sort of demonstrations ; crowded into 
 the front yard and along the walk to the back door, and added to their tin 
 can and horn noises some banging or pounding against the house. The resi- 
 dence of Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First Congregational church, was 
 also visited, with similar drunken mob performances. 
 
 NEWSPAPER vSUSPENSION AND OTHER CHANGES. 
 
 The space of a few months along about this period was a general break- 
 ing up time — a sort of cyclonish and earthquake tumbling of Pasadena 
 newspaper enterprises. Some weeks before this election the Daily Union 
 had suspended publication. A company of printers leased the material and 
 started the Pasadena Weekly Journal — continued it nineteen weeks and then 
 stopped. Within a day or two of this election the Daily Star printing 
 establishment [being swamped with debt.s] passed into the hands of a joint 
 stock company whose board of directors were Hon. P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, 
 T. P. Lukens, Geo. F. Kernaghan and Prof. T. S. C. Lowe ; and Mr. Ker- 
 naghan was put in charge as general manager. Messrs. Kernaghan, Ball 
 and Green had each given their notes for $100 toward the Enforcement 
 Fund,* and of course the former vicious position of the paper on this and 
 connected matters was at once changed to fairness and decency. On May 3, 
 three weeks after the election, the Pasadena Standard suspended publication; 
 and a few months later the Los Angeles Tribune went down. Then on May 
 5, 1890, the following historic document was issued to the signers of the 
 Enforcement Fund notes : 
 
 REASONS I'OR DISBANDMENT. 
 
 By the Pasadena Enforcement Committee, appointed August 6, 1888, 
 
 at mass meeting in the Tabernacle — 
 
 Resolved, ist, That the objects and purposes of our appointment have 
 
 been accomplished, in particulars as follows, towit : 
 
 I — In the re-enactment on September 15, 1888, of the prohibitory ordinance 
 by the City Trustees, upon our representation that its original enact- 
 ment had not been signed, published and certified in manner required 
 by the State law. 
 
 *Mr. I^iikens had signed a $ioo nole for the cnactmcnl riiiid, in 1SS7, Imi was away from the city 
 when the enforcement movement was inaugarated. 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 275 
 
 2 — In the decision rendered by Judge lyUcien Shaw of the Los Angeles 
 
 county superior court, April 27, 1889, sustaining the validity of the 
 
 ordinance, and defining its legal force and effect as to liquors sold in 
 
 restaurants and other places, either with or without meals. Decision 
 
 in our favor. — (Case of The People vs. John Senich). 
 3 — In that seventeen places where illicit liquor selling was carried on have 
 
 been closed b}^ enforcement of the law since our work commenced — 
 
 only four cases having ever been made previously.* 
 4 — In that the newly elected City Trustees installed April 21, 1890, have 
 
 publicly pledged themselves to "do no official act that will permit or 
 
 encourage the promiscuous sale or use of intoxicating liquors." 
 
 Resolved, 2d, That all funds at our disposal have been used in lawful 
 manner to further the objects for which they were pledged ; and that there 
 is now nothing remaining in our treasury. 
 
 Resolved, jd, That in view of the foregoing facts and results, we do now 
 disband, and cease to exist as a committee ; and that we instruct the chair- 
 man to return all promissory notes of the "Enforcement Fund" to the 
 makers thereof — or cancel them for signers who cannot now be found. 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., May 5, 1890. 
 
 H. A. Reid, chairman, member for the Woman's Christian Temperance 
 Union. 
 
 C. C. Reynolds, secretary, member for Friends church (proxy I.J. R.). 
 
 Geo. Taylor, member for Baptist church. 
 
 P. G. WooSTER, member for Universalist church. 
 
 A. F. M. Strong, member for Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Frank D. Stevens, member for M. E. church, 
 
 I. B. Clapp, member for Congregational church. 
 
 P. M. Green, president ist National Bank. 
 
 G. A. SwARTw^ouT (of Pasadena National Bank). 
 
 W. A. Ray, treasurer of San Gabriel Valley Bank (proxy H. A. R.). 
 
 Geo. C. Hubbard, member for Christian church. 
 
 These are all the names of the conitnittee e.xcept the member for the Presbyterian church ; he 
 declined to sign this paper. 
 
 During the ensuing two j^ears no change was made in the ordinance ; 
 yet hotels and restaurants were allowed to furnish liquors with meals, not- 
 withstanding the adverse decision of the superior court [Judge Lucien 
 Shaw, April 27, 1889] upon the matter; and under cover of this lenience a 
 semi-saloon business was done at several places, even to the extent of fur- 
 nishing glasses of liquor to people in carriages from Eos Angeles, to drink 
 in front of a restaurant openly in the streets of Pasadena. I give this on 
 the authority of responsible parties who saw it, and also saw other open 
 violations of the law. vSome of these parties boasted in my hearing 
 that they had got liquor there, and could get it any time they wanted 
 it ; " And we don^t have to go behind a screen to dn?ik it, either ! " they said. 
 Yet others of my informants regretted the situation, but said it was useless 
 for them to file a complaint, for they knew nothing would be done. 
 
 *Nam'=-s and particulars of all the twenty-one cases here referred to were published in the Pasadena 
 Slavditid of April 19, 1890 Five of the casesWere against firms, thus making twenty-six persons in all ; 
 and only two of them were still residents of Pasadena in 1894. 
 
276 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 However, it seems that the city marshal tried to do a little enforcing of 
 the law, after a five months' rest, for on September 15 and 17, 1890, he had 
 Thos. Twaits, a colored man known as " Cheap John," in court for violating 
 ordinance 125 — but the record does not show any penalty adjudged. And 
 there is no case again until January 3 and 5, 1891, a rest of four months, 
 when Geo. C. Monfort is in court on a similar charge. He plead guilty, 
 agreed to close his place or quit selling liquor there — and no penalty was 
 imposed. Then for five months the liquor sellers had a rest again. But in 
 June lightning struck them for the first time under the new regime ; and I 
 find in the police court records the following cases : 
 
 June 10, 189T. Charles Berry — liquor selling. Fined $100. Paid. 
 
 June 9-10, 1891. Geo. B. Hogin, druggist — liquor selling. Sen- 
 tence suspended during good behavior. 
 
 June 9-10, 1891. G. Aussen — liquor selling. Fined $100. Paid. 
 
 June 9-13, 1891. Thomas Twaits — liquor selling. Fined $25. Paid. 
 
 Then a six months' rest followed, till December 8, 1891, when Frank 
 Becker is fined $25 for liquor selling. And the next cases occur February 
 2, 1892, when Charles Berry is in court again for liquor selling, and depos- 
 ited $100 bail ; but the record fails to show anything further in regard to 
 this case. And Frank Becker is also in court again on the same charge ; 
 he plead guilty, and sentence was suspended during good behavior. 
 
 The next step was taken by the city council on March 5, 1892, by the 
 enactment of Ordinance No. 195, which expressly provided that prohibition 
 '''shall not apply to the sale of vmous or malt liquors at any hotels restaurant^ or 
 boarding hoicse, when sold with and as a part of a regular mealy From this 
 time the records do not show any further attempt to suppress liquor selling 
 for more than a year. The city election occurred in April, and the liquor 
 men had.it all their own way. Men were nominated who were in favor of 
 "high license," and there was no opposition ticket put into the field. So 
 the liquor sellers had a long rest from "persecution," and the violation of 
 the law went on more and more boldly. 
 
 The city clerk's records of May 8, 1893, say: "Trustee Clarke called 
 the attention of the Board to the violation of Ordinance No. 195 by the pro- 
 prietors of most of the restaurants. ' ' Yet no action was taken upon the 
 matter. And I find in the records again the following : 
 
 Junes, 1893. "Geo. A. Gibbs presented a petition signed by a large 
 number of citizens, asking that Ordinance No. 195 be enforced ; also called 
 the attention of the Board to alleged violations of said ordinance. Voted, 
 that petition be referred back to the petitioners, with the information that 
 the council were doing what they could to enforce the ordinance." 
 
 Then, on June 19, Ordinance No. 220 was enacted, which provided 
 that prohibition shall not apply to sale of vinous or malt liquors "when 
 sold with and as a part of a regular meal costing not less tha?i tzveniy cents 
 exclusive of the vinous or malt liquors, and sold and consumed between 
 the hours of 11 130 o'clock a. m., and 1:30 p. m., or between the hours of 
 5:30 p. m. and 7:30 p. m." 
 
DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 277 
 
 After the first concession was made to the liquor sellers by Ordinance 
 No. 195, they went on disregarding and violating the law just the same as 
 before ; and also when No. 220 was enacted they evaded or defied its 
 restrictions. It was thus made evident that no matter whether the law was 
 straight prohibition, or liberal concession, or restrictive regulation, this class 
 of men would violate it, anyway. But there was a storm gathering ; and 
 lightning struck them presently from a clear sky — for I find in the police 
 records the following cases : 
 
 July 6, 1893. George Worthen — liquor selling. Fined $250. Fine paid. 
 
 August 17, 1893. Peter Steil — liquor selling. Fined $175. Fine paid, 
 
 August 19, 1893. Herman Garmshausen — liquor selling. Fined 
 $250. Fine paid. (This was the H. W. Stoll soda-water- factory case.) 
 
 In these cases some of the ablest lawyers of the city were employed to 
 defend the outlaws. They claimed the fines were exorbitant, unprecedented, 
 etc. But the court [J. G. Rossiter] stood firm, and the culprits had to pay 
 or go to jail. Since that time they have not boasted so much, and have 
 done the unlawful part of their liquor selling so secretly that probably noth- 
 ing short of detective service could bring them to conviction again.* 
 
 One of the curious episodes in this part of Pasadena's history is the 
 fact that Peter Steil, who had been arraigned for unlawful liquor selling 
 oftener than any other man in the city, and had violated the law more 
 openly and persistently than any other one, came out as an independent 
 candidate for member of the city council at the city election in April, 1894, 
 and received lyi votes. Peter was a democrat, and honestly believed in the 
 theory so often put forth in his party's platforms against what they called 
 " sumptuary legislation " ; hence he resented any law against liquor selling 
 as an infringement on " personal liberty," and acted accordingly, in spite of 
 the adverse rulings of the State and United States supreme courts. Apart 
 from this error of theory and practice, he was a generous, kind-hearted, 
 enterprising and capable man. 
 
 All city elections previous to 1894 ^^<i been what are called "non- 
 partisan " contests, because the suppression or permission of liquor selling 
 was the dominant issue, and upon that question both republicans and dem- 
 ocrats were divided. However, the liquor license element within the repub- 
 lican party were this year overborne, the "non-partisan " device was aban- 
 doned, and a straight republican convention was held in Williams Hall on 
 Friday evening, March 2, at which a full city ticket was nominated, and the 
 following plank adopted in the platform : 
 
 " We are opposed to the licensing of saloons, and refuse to be a party 
 to any act that will foster or encourage a saloon business in our midst. 
 It is the duty of all good citizens to promote sobriety." 
 
 Of course their candidates were all elected by large majorities ; but as 
 no other feature of the election concerns this chapter, no more is given here. 
 A table of the entire vote will be found in page 232. 
 
 *I,ATER. — Several cases of fines from $100 up to $250 occurred after this search of the records was 
 made ; but some were reheard at I,os Angeles, by appeal, and were there reversed on mere technical- 
 ities [See foot-note, page 267. 1 
 
>7^^ HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 DIVISION FOUR — BOOM 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The Municipal Corporation. — Early steps and stages of Pasadena's growth as a 
 civil jurisdiction.— Different efforts for incorporation. — Successive city hall build- 
 ings. — Table of all city officers from date of inoorporation to 1894. — City expend- 
 itures one year. — List of city property. 
 
 History- of the City Fire Department. 
 
 CITY INCORPORATION. 
 
 The territory now comprised within the cit}^ of Pasadena was from the 
 earUest Spanish occupation a part of the San Gabriel Mission lands. And 
 after the church rule was broken up by the Mexican government, and the 
 lands segregated and parceled out to individual ownership as ranchos, this 
 land still remained within the civil jurisdiction of vSan Gabriel. This status 
 also continued through the American occupation of the land as a territory 
 and as a state, up to August, 1874, when the first civil separation from San 
 Gabriel was made by the creation of the San Pasqual school district. This 
 new departure was brought about by the original colonists of the San 
 Gabriel Orange Grove Association, commonly known then as the "Indiana 
 Colony," so that they might have a school within their own borders instead 
 of having 4;o send their children five miles away to the old San Gabriel vil- 
 lage, or else to lyos Angeles. I. N. Mundell settled on his original colony 
 lot in October, 1874^ — and in 1875 he was appointed road overseer, being 
 thus the actual first civil officer belonging to Pasadena. And when his time 
 expired A. O. Bristol served next. 
 
 In 1877 A. O. Bristol was elected constable ; but he did not want the 
 office, did not qualify, and so never actually served. And Harry Price in 
 1 883-84 .seems to have been the first Pa.sadena con.stable in real service by 
 election . 
 
 In March, 1877, Henry G. Bennett was appointed deputy county as- 
 sessor, and served until March, 1886 — nine years. His district included 
 San Gabriel, Alhambra, I^a Canyada, etc., besides Pasadena. 
 
 Pasadena was at this time dependent on lyos Angeles for notarial busi- 
 ness, till Major Erie Eocke obtained a commission as Notary Public ; and 
 his first official act was the acknowledgment of a deed from the San 
 Gabriel Orange Grove Association to E. J. and T. J. Eockhart, of the land 
 now known as the McGregory place -this act of his as notary being dated 
 March 29, 1877. At the fall election that year Mr. Eocke was elected one 
 of the justices of the peace for San Gabriel township, and thus Pasadena 
 first aciiuired a civil tribunal of her own. During 1878 Mr. Eocke, by 
 reason of sickness, became unable to admini.ster the office, and Col. J. Ban- 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 279 
 
 bury was appointed to serve out the unexpired term ; and his first official 
 act that appears of record was the acknowledgment of a deed, on Decem- 
 ber II, 1878. For the next term Thomas Banbury was elected. Next, R. 
 Williams. Then in 1884 T. P. Lukens was elected justice of the peace. 
 After a few months he resigned, and Chas. A. Gardner was appointed to fill 
 the vacancy ; then before his time expired the city was incorporated, and he 
 was appointed city recorder [police judge]. And thus the apostolic suc- 
 cession of judicial honors and duties trickled along down the increment of 
 years with virtue unabated, from old Spanish San Gabriel to new American 
 Pasadena. 
 
 In 1879, and again in 1880, P. G. Wooster was appointed deput}^ sher- 
 iff, being the first constabulary officer here. In 1885 Thomas Banbury was 
 appointed deputy sheriff". When his term expired John R. Slater was ap- 
 pointed, and has held the office continuously ever since. 
 
 The first formal move made toward seeking incorporation as a city was 
 some time in January, 1884, but I found no record or printed report of its 
 proceedings. The Valley Union of February 16, 1884, reports an "adjourned 
 meeting" held in Williams' Hall on Saturday evening, February 2 ; the 
 weather was stormy and fe\v were present. Dr. O. H. Conger was appointed 
 chairman and M. E. Emery secretary. H. W. Magee, as chairman of a 
 committee appointed at a previous meeting, made a verbal report. While 
 a good many citizens were in favor of incorporation, there was great diffi- 
 culty in agreeing on the boundaries, and the territory to be included ; and 
 those who feared greatly increased taxation to run a city government, op- 
 posed the project. However, a new committee was appointed to carry on 
 the movement, consisting of Stephen Townsend, Col. J. Banbury, B. F. 
 Ball, James Cambell, Dr. Eyman Allen. 
 
 I found nothing further until April 18, 1884, when a meeting was held 
 at same place to hear a report of the committee. Rev. W. C. Mosher was 
 made chairman of the meeting and J. W. Wood secretary. The committee 
 reported South Pasadena unanimously opposed to the movement and re- 
 fusing to be included. This committee was discharged, and a new one 
 appointed with instructions to prepare a petition and procure signatures, 
 praying the county board of supervisors to make Pasadena a city incorpora- 
 tion. Dr. O. H. Conger, T. E. Martin and James Cambell were named for 
 this work. 
 
 Nothing appears on the subject except an occasional newspaper squib 
 "punching up" the committee, until November 10, 1884, when a great 
 mass meeting was held on the public school grounds to consider what could 
 be done to get rid of the liquor saloon then recently opened on East Colo- 
 rado street, in the two story frame building now No. 47, and occupied [1894] 
 by E. H. I^ockwood, Kendall & Howe, and others. [See page 241, etc., 
 in Chapter 12.] This meeting voted strongly in favor of incorpora- 
 
28o HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 tion, aud instructed its cliainnan, B. F. Ball, to appoint a committee of five 
 to take measures for accomplishing that end — the committee appointed on 
 April 1 8 having entirely failed of its purpose ; and accordingly H. W. 
 Magee, Col. J. Banbury, H. N. Rust, S. Washburn and J. W. Wood were 
 appointed to take up the burden. But this committee also wearied of the 
 task, and accomplished nothing. 
 
 The next public move for incorporation was at a meeting in Williams' 
 Hall on Saturday evening. May 23, 1885. At this time the white scale was 
 ravaging the country and seemed likely to destroy the entire citrus industry 
 of California. The meeting in question was called especially to consider 
 this subject, and see what if anything could be done to avert the threatened 
 disaster — and also to consider any matters of general local interest. The 
 incorporation problem very soon became the chief topic before the meeting, 
 for at every step proposed to remedy that or any other evil, it was found 
 that nothing could be done, for want of police authority ; and as a result a 
 committee of five was appointed to take the matter under consideration, and 
 make out papers of incorporation, to be submitted to a public meeting of the 
 citizens at the earliest possible time. This committee consisted of Col. J. 
 Banbury, Dr. O. H. Conger, H. W. Magee, Esq., J. P. Woodbury and 
 George W. Wilson. 
 
 On July 1 1 a meeting was held to hear and consider a report of the 
 committee. Col. Banbury called the meeting to order and J. E. Clarke was 
 made chairman. The petition as prepared included all the territory from 
 Lincoln Park or the old Monterey road to the foot of the mountains, and 
 from the Arroyo Seco eastward to Santa Anita Avenue. There was some 
 warm debate on this extensive grasp of territory for a city ; but it was finally 
 decided to lay it before the county board just as it was, for they had the 
 right to change it, anyway, and those who objected to it could appear there 
 with their reasons and arguments — and then the county board could fix the 
 boundaries as they thought best. Thereupon a committee was appointed 
 to lay the matter before the county board at once and have a day of hearing 
 appointed. H. W. Magee, J. Banbury, S. Townsend, J. E. Clarke and 
 C. B. Ripley were appointed for this duty, and they did it promptly. The 
 Valley Unio?i of August 14, 1885, published the petition, with names 
 attached, a total of 1 1 1 qualified electors. 
 
 The next stage of the movement is thus reported in the Union of Sep- 
 tember II, 1885 : 
 
 " On Thursday the petition for incorporating the Town of Pasadena was 
 taken up by the Board of Supervisors and a hearing given to the petitioners. 
 It was found that no less than four remonstrances had been filed from differ- 
 ent sections of the territory embraced within the proposed incorporation 
 limits, besides several protests from individuals. The places remonstrating 
 were South Pasadena, the Highlands, all that territory east of I^os Robles 
 Avenue, and the Craig tract, including the Allen, Crank and other ranches. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 281 
 
 H. W. Magee, Esq., and J. E. Clarke appeared for the petitioners. Messrs. 
 Dougherty, Risley, Porter, Glover, Eaton, I. B. Clapp and others were 
 present in the interest of South Pasadena, which was represented by Stephen 
 M. White, Esq., as legal counselor. On behalf of the Craig district, 'James 
 Craig, with his attorney, F. H. Howard, Esq., appeared. C. C. Brown 
 advocated the claims of those remonstrating from the eastern portion of the 
 colony." • 
 
 After this the whole subject seems have taken a long rest, for nothing 
 appears again until May 14, 1886, when the Union .said : 
 
 "Hurrah ! We are incorporated ! The petition was granted yesterday. 
 In support of the petition arguments were made by Messrs. Hopkins, Brock- 
 way, Ward, Ball, Col. Picher, Drs. Thomas and Allen, and others. The re- 
 monstrants were represented by Messrs. Dougherty, Furlong, Painter, 
 Arnold, Woodward and Brown." 
 
 The following is the official order, dated May 13, 1886 : 
 "Ordered, that the petition for the incorporation of Pasadena be granted 
 and boundaries be fixed as follows : Beginning at a point on the west bank 
 of the Arroyo Seco due west from the south end of reservoir No. i, of the 
 Eake Vineyard Eand and Water Association, and thence running east to ihe 
 south end of said reservoir, thence running southeast by the west line of the 
 Painter & Ball tract, to a point forty rods south of south line of Mountain 
 street, thence running east by a line parallel with and forty rods south of the 
 south line of Mountain street to a point forty rods east of east line of Lake 
 Avenue, thence running south by a line parallel with and forty rods east of 
 the ea.st line of Eake Avenue, to the B. D. Wilson estate, thence running 
 west and south by the north and west Hues of said Wilson estate, thence 
 running south-west by lands of B. T. Smith and land of George Stoneman, 
 and by the Marengo ranch to the south line of Columbia street, thence run- 
 ning west by the south line of Columbia street, and by a direct exten.sion of 
 the same to the west bank of the Arroyo Seco, thence running north by the 
 west bank of the Arroyo Seco to the point of beginning. From the evidence 
 taken the Board finds that the population in said limits approximates 2,700, 
 Ordered that June 7th be fixed for holding the election to deter- 
 mine whether the town of Pasadena shall be incorporated, and that said 
 election be held at the Williams building. Fair Oaks Avenue ; and that at 
 said election persons be chosen to fill the following offices : Five trustees, 
 a clerk, a tr^surer and a marshal ; and that Edson Turner be appointed 
 inspector, and R. Williams and C. C. Brown be appointed judges of such 
 election ; and that notice of said election be published for two weeks." 
 
 The next historic record is the Union's report of the election, printed 
 in its issue of June ii, 1886, from which I quote : 
 
 " The child is born who will make his fame by writing the history of 
 Pasadena ; and we of today are making that history. Monday was another 
 landmark — a historic day, being the first city election, and making choice 
 of the men who should first wield corporate authority. 
 
 The "Citizen's Ticket," which was nominated by a meeting held at 
 the Union office on Friday evening, was every man of them elected, although 
 there were four varieties of tickets in the field. The contest was quite spirited, 
 although entirely good-natured throughout, and the friends of the successful 
 candidates indulged in a little jubilation after the result was finally made 
 
282 HISTORY OF PASADRNA. 
 
 known. A bonfire was lighted on school-house square, the bell rang out a 
 jubilee, some cannon firing was improvised, and the band played some of 
 the liveliest tunes in their repertoire. 
 
 C. C. Brown and John O. Lowe were the judges of election, and F. H. 
 Heydenreich and Will T. Holmes, clerks. It took them about three hours 
 to complete the count, the result being as follows : Total vote, 229. 
 
 For City Trustees : R. M. Furlong 222 
 
 E. Turner 219 
 
 R. C. Webster 1 30 
 
 H. J. Holmes 130 
 
 M. M. Parker 112 
 
 James Clarke no 
 
 R.Williams 104 
 
 I. M. Hill 83 
 
 The first five are elected, and will constitute the first City Council of 
 the Cit}' of Pasadena. 
 
 For City Treasurer : Col. J. Banbury 140 
 
 W. E. Cooley 85 
 
 For City Clerk : C. A. Sawtelle 220 
 
 Scattering 6 
 
 For City Marshal : I. N. Mundell 158 
 
 M. H. Weight 68 
 
 For incorporation, 179; against, 50; majority for, 129. 
 
 The result was officially ratified by the county board of supervisors on 
 June 14, 1886, and so recorded in Book 9, at page 16 and following. 
 
 After the vote for city officers had been duly canvassed b}^ the county 
 board of supervisors, Mr. Sawtelle went before the county clerk, subscribed 
 the oath of office, and was thus qualified to swear in the other officers elect. 
 On June 23, 1886, at 2 o'clock p. m., the parties elected all met in a frame 
 building then known as the Wakeley block, on E. Colorado street. The 
 several trustees presented their certificates of election to Mr. Sawtelle, 
 whereupon he administered the oath of office to them. Then R. M. Fur- 
 long was chosen as president pro teni. ; after which a formal election was 
 held bj^ ballot, and H. J. Holmes was duly chosen as president of the city 
 board of trustees — hence he stands in history as the first " mayor " of the 
 city. 
 
 The Valley U^iion newspaper was at this time publishing two issues 
 during the week, one being a small sheet called the " Union Junio}\" and 
 this issue of date June 29, .says : 
 
 "The Board of Trustees met yesterday, at Mr. Webster's office, over 
 F. D. Stevens' hardware store, and deliberated over and passed the ordinan- 
 ces for the future government of our young and growing city. Ordinance 
 No. 2 provides for the publication once in some newspaper in the city of 
 said ordinances, before going into effect at noon of the following day. 
 Necessarily they, being published in today's Junior Union, are legal from 
 tomorrow at noon. Ordinance No. 3 provides for the filing of bonds by 
 certain of the city officials elect, as follows : City clerk (as ex-officio city 
 assessor) in the sum of $5,000 ; marshal (as ex-officio tax collector) also 
 
DTVTvSTON POUR — BOOM. 283 
 
 «S 000 ; city treasurer, $10,000 ; and that these respeciive officers are re- 
 quired to submit their bonds within five days, to the board of trustees. 
 Ordinance No. 4 adopts forthwith a common seal the design of which is a 
 kev restino- within a crown, and the words " City of Pasadena, incorporated 
 Tune A D 1886 " within its rim. Ordinance No. 5 provides for the im- 
 posing and'colleclion of a street poll tax of $2 for each male inhabitant of 
 the city to be due and payable by the 15th instant. The board will meet 
 at Mr Webster's office until the necessary furniture can be obtained lor 
 meeting in the rear of A. Cruickshank's .store on Fair Oaks avenue." 
 
 Ordinance No. i is not mentioned in the above article, and this requires 
 historic explanation. Chas. A. Gardner was at this time editor of the 
 Val/ey Union; he was also justice of the peace for San Gabriel township. 
 Now, the first ordinance ever enacted by a Pasadena city council was one 
 making said Chas. A. Gardner city recorder-that is, police "judge." And if 
 I had merelv copied the newspaper report and not hunted up the why and 
 wherefore of this remarkable omission, the readers of Pasadena history 
 would have been left in a state of perpetual quandary as to " what was the 
 matter with Ordinance No. i," that it had so quickly slipped out of reckon- 
 ing, " unhonored and unsung." It was a case of editorial modesty that beat 
 
 all previous records. 
 
 Business now pressed hard upon the board, to get proper ordmances 
 prepared and enacted, and all the machinery of city government set in 
 motion ; and to meet these conditions they were obliged to meet often m 
 formal session, and to be in informal session almost continuously. Their 
 next official meetings were held July i, July 2, July 6, July 8, July 10, July 
 12, July 13, Julv 19, July 24, July 27, July 29 ; August 2, August 9, Aug- 
 ust 14, August 21, August 24, August 31- I" September only four meet- 
 ings were held ; and the same in October; etc. 
 
 On July 10 they appointed Geo. W. Dunmore as the first city police- 
 man who ever wore the official star in Pasadena. 
 
 By August they had enacted all the first necessary ordinances to regu- 
 late their own proceedings, provide for bonds and salaries of city clerk, 
 marshal, treasurer, recorder, attorney, policemen, surveyor, printer, etc., so 
 that the business of the city was all going on under lawful procedure, and 
 all necessary appointive offices had been filled. But there was no city treas- 
 ury as yet, and no funds with which to pay the necessary current expenses ; 
 hence they were obliged to negotiate a loan until such time as the city 
 revenues could be gathered in. And accordingly on July 2, 1886, they 
 voted to borrow $500 for ninety days, thus providing for this financial 
 
 emptiness.* 
 
 The first city council room was E. C. Webster's office, over Stevens s 
 hardware store in a frame building on ground where the Carlton Hotel 
 
 *"^The"city recorder paid into the city treasury ou Wednesday $80 in fines collected. A $20 fine 
 
 ories were all empty of the knowledge. 
 
284 
 
 HISTORY OP PASADENA. 
 
 block HOW Stands. But in August they rented and fitted up the second 
 story of James Smith's building on southwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue 
 and Kansas [now Green] street, over A. Cruickshank's dry goods store. 
 Next, when the Exchange block was completed, Mr. Webster had a 
 
 EXCHANGE BLOCK [CARLTON HOTEL], 1886-7. 
 The first city benchmark was here; also, the enactmeut of the famous prohibitory 
 ordinance was here ; and the National G. A. R. reception : and the Astronomical Banquet, 
 and the first editorial convention ; and other h'storic events. 
 
 .spacious double office in it, on the ground floor, and on January 3, 1887, 
 they commenced u.sing the rear room of these apartments as the city council 
 room.* Meanwhile, they were on the lookout for a building that would 
 serve for their meetings, and also for all of the city offices and business. 
 And for this purpo.se they leased, on February 26, 1887, the old Central 
 School building, then owned by J. W. Vandevort, and located on Raymond 
 Avenue, where Mr. Vandevort's terra-cotta block now .stands. The lease 
 was for three years, at $1,000 per year, with option of renewal or purcha.se, 
 etc., and the first meeting of the council in this building was held March 21, 
 1887. An adjoining vacant lot on the .south was also lea.sed, and a city jail 
 built there. 
 
 •Iulv27 IS86, a bench mark from which to reckon all city levels was established at " ^f P ^^ /''« 
 stone oedlstai or sill upon which rests the third iron column trom the west side of the Co o.ado strtet 
 front of tlie Exchange block, the elevation of which is S33 and 45i->ooo feet above sea level. -I^all.y 
 
 ^"'""ihe Union of July .r,, ,8S6, gives the following altitudes as official : Front of Baker Hlock, I.os An- 
 geles- jlzVssTpasadeim, at P. O. door-8«5.2o6 ; Sierra Madrc, l.;piscopal church, ^99.5S.. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 285 
 
 As the time approached for expiration of this Vandevort lease, an ef- 
 fort was made to purchase grounds and buildings that would serve all of the 
 city's uses, including quarters for the fire department. But so much public 
 strife and contention arose over the matter of location, price, choice of prem- 
 ises, etc., that the whole project was abandoned; and on December 11, 1889, 
 they leased for three years, for city hall purposes, C. T. Hopkins's brick 
 block on the northwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Union street, at 
 $1,000 per year — with privilege to occupy it at once, but lease date and 
 payment not to commence until March i, 1890, when the Vandevort lease 
 would expire. However, out of the agitation for a central and permanent 
 place for all city ofiices and city business finally came the purcha.se of 
 grounds and erection of building for exclusive use of the fire department, 
 on Dayton street. [See article "Fire Department."] 
 
 The next historic move as to city hall premises occurred October 24, 
 1892, when rooms enough for all the offices, besides a council room and a 
 police court room, were leased for five years at $600 per year, in Geo. W. 
 White's brick block on southwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Union 
 street, some necessary changes and refitting were made, and this building 
 was formally occupied on February 27, 1893, being the present City Hall. 
 
 The following table gives a complete register of all persons who have 
 served the city in any important official capacity : 
 
 TABULAR EXHIBIT OF PASADENA CITY OFFICERS IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS. 
 
 City Trustees [commonly called councilmen] : 
 
 1886 to 1888 :^H. J. Holmes, president [Mayor] ; R. M. Furlong, E. 
 Turner; M. M. Parker, chosen president June 15, 1887, vice Holmes, re- 
 signed ; E. C. Webster ; G. Roscoe Thomas, appointed June 18, 1887, vice 
 Holmes, resigned. 
 
 1888 to 1890: — M. M. Parker, president; Edson Turner ; Stephen 
 Townsend; W. W. Webster; A. G. Throop, chosen president October 5, 1889, 
 vice Parker, resigned; J. B.Young, appointed September 15, 1888, vice 
 Webster, resigned ; Alex Mclvcan,* appointed February 9, 1889, vice Turner, 
 deceasedf ; Wm. W. Mills, appointed October 12, 1889, vice Parker, re- 
 signed ; Elisha Millard, appointed December 7, 1889, vice Young, resigned ; 
 John Allin, appointed February 15, 1890, vice Townsend, resigned. 
 
 1890 to 1892: —T. P. Lukens, president; A. K. McQuilHng ; James 
 Clarke ; C. M. Simpson ; Thomas Banbury. 
 
 1892 to 1894 : — Oscar F. Weed, president; John S. Cox; T. P. Lukens; 
 A. K. McQuilling ; James Clarke. 
 
 1894 to 1896:— T. P. Lukens, president; S. Washburn ; H. M. Hamil- 
 ton ; O. F. Weed; J. S. Cox, elected president January 2, 1895. 
 
 *" Mr McLean resides on Mountain Avenue ; he was formely editor of the Lompoc Record: he was 
 in the state legislature from Santa Clara County at the same time Col. Banbury was there from this 
 county, and worked with the colonel in trying to get a local option law passed. '—Pasadena Standard, 
 Feb. 16, iSSg. , i • - 11 
 
 t Jan. 14, 1889, Mr. Turner's horse took fright at a steam pump which was then working in a well- 
 house at foot of the north drive up Raymond Hill ; he was thrown from his buggy so that his head 
 struck on a rail of the Santa FeK. R. track; he lived a few hours but never recovered consciousness again. 
 
286 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 City Clerk: 
 
 1886 to 1888 :— C. A. Sawtelle, elected. 
 1888 to 1892 : James H. Cambell, elected. 
 1892 to 1896: — Heman Dyer, elected. 
 
 City Marshal : 
 
 1886 to 1890: -I. N. Mundell;* D. R. McLean appointed March 25, 
 1889, vice Mundell, resigned. 
 
 1890 to 1892: — D. R. McLean, elected. 
 
 1892 to 1896 : John T. Buchanan, elected. 
 
 City Treasurer : 
 
 1886 to 1896 : — Jabez Banbury; M. E. Wood, appointed March 25, 1889, 
 vice Banbury, resigned, but did not qualify until June 8 ; Hon. P. M. Green, 
 the deputy treasurer officiating meanwhile. 
 
 1890 to 1892 
 1892 to 1894 
 1894 to 1896 
 
 — W. T. Vore, elected. 
 — W. U. Masters, elected. 
 — Henry C. Hotaling, elected. 
 
 City Recorder [police judge] : 
 
 1886 to 1895: — Charles A. Gardner; C. N. Terry appointed April 9, 
 1887, vice Gardner, resigned ; P. A. V. VanDoren, appointed January 19, 
 1889, '^'ice Terry, resigned ; H. H. Rose, appointed December 6, 1890, vice 
 VanDoren, term as justice of peace expired ; J. G. Rossiter appointed April 
 10, 1894, vice Rose, resigned, and still holds the office, July, 1895. 
 
 City Attorney : 
 
 1886 to 1895 : — E. J. Hueston, employed July 6, 1886, for one month, 
 at .salary of $150. Had done .some work before this date. N. P. Conrey, 
 employed July 27, 1886, at salary of $75 per month. John C. Winslow, 
 employed vSeptember 21, 1887, vice Conrey, relieved at his own request, to 
 take effect October i. Frank J. Policy, appointed April 24, 1888, vice 
 Winslow, deceased ; salary $100 per month. A. R. Metcalfe, appointed 
 February 15, 1890, vice Policy, dismissed ; salary $150 per month. W. E. 
 Arthur, appointed April 21, 1890, vice Metcalfe, resigned, and still holds the 
 office, July, 1895. 
 
 City Engiyteer : 
 
 1886 to 1895: J. M, Willard, appointed July 8, 1886. Salary $5.00 
 per day. On May 25, 1887, August Meyer was employed as sanitary engi- 
 neer to manage the public .sewer work. Salary $250 per month. October 8, 
 1887, Meyer was made sewer commissioner. On Ma}' 8, 1888, the two 
 offices of city engineer and sanitary engineer were con.solidated, and Mr. 
 Meyer appointed to the double duty. On May 17, 1890, James E. Place 
 was appointed, to date from June i, at $5.00 per day for actual time required 
 in city .service. John W. vSedwick, appointed January 17, 1891, vice Place, 
 decea.sed. Wm. B. Clapp, appointed April 23, 1894, vice Sedwick, resigned. 
 
 * Dec. 3, 1887, the office o( captain of police was created, and Geo. R. Shaw appointed lo fill it, at 
 a salary of $85 per month. But somehow it seemed to infringe on the statntory prerogatives of the 
 marshal ; and after a month or more of trouble over it the new office was dropped. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 287 
 
 Street Superintendent: 
 
 1886 to 1895: -The first street superintendent was E. Turner, ap- 
 pointed November 10, 1886. May 14, 1887, Turner resigned and J. W. 
 Vore was appointed. April 26, 1890, C. C. Brown was appointed, vice Vore 
 resigned. April 13, 1894, J. A. Buchanan was appointed, vice Brown, re- 
 signed. Buchanan still holds, July, 1895. 
 
 Health Officer : 
 
 1887 to 1895: — Dr. Theron Nichols, first incumbent, appointed Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1887 ; no salary. Dr. W. L. McAllister, appointed August 27, 
 1887, vice Nichols, resigned ; salary $50.00 per month. Dr. H. H. Sherk, 
 appointed April 26, 1890, vice McAllister, term expired. October 6, 1892, 
 a city board of health was created by ordinance, and Drs. H. H. Sherk, 
 J. M. Radebaugh, R. J. Mohr, and H. K. Macomber were appointed as such 
 board. Dr. Sherk was thus continued as health officer ; and on October 24 
 he was appointed to serve also as building and plumbing inspector. Dr. 
 F. F. Rowland, appointed April 23, 1894, vice Sherk, resigned, and still 
 holds, July, 1895. 
 
 Official Newspaper, or City Printer : 
 
 1886 to 1895 '■ — T'lie Union Jiinior oi ]vinQ 29, 1886, contained the first 
 official publication of city ordinances, and they took effect the next day at 
 noon. Hence it was the first official newspaper. The Pasadena Star, ap- 
 pointed July 8, 1886. [For printing city ordinances, resolutions, etc., the 
 Star had bid 24 cents per square and the Valley Union bid 50 cents per 
 square. Hence the choice.] The Daily Union was appointed to the same 
 service on June 2, 1888, having now made the lowest bid. But when in 
 1889 the Union suspended publication, this business went to the Daily Star 
 again ; and the Star still holds it, 1895. 
 
 Chief of Fire Department : 
 
 1887 to 1895 : - On October 8, 1887, a city fire department was author- 
 ized and the office of " Chief" created. Robert Hentig was appointed to fill 
 it ; salary $10.00 per month. On June 9, 1889, Hentig tendered his resig- 
 nation. On August 16, 1888, J. D. Jones appears in the records as Fore- 
 man and Acting- Chief of the Fire Department. Then on September 10, 
 1889, Jones is discharged, and Hentig reappointed. A. S. Turbett was 
 appointed November 30, 1889, vice Hentig, resigned, and still holds the 
 place — July, 1895. 
 
 City Librariaji : 
 
 On January 14, 1890, a public vote was carried to issue bonds for the 
 purchase by the city of the public library property. This made the post of 
 librarian a city ofl5ce ; and on April 21, 1890, Mrs. S. E. Merritt was ap- 
 pointed to fill it — as she does yet, 1895. [For Library Trustees, see page 
 210]. 
 
 In 1894 the city clerk published a full and exhaustive tabulation of 
 city finances, including debts, salaries, current expenditures of every sort, 
 tax levies, etc., etc. This was printed in a neat manual of thirty pages, 
 which contained also a complete directory of all city officers, departments, 
 etc. And from it I compile the following exhibit of current expenses of the 
 city during the fiscal year ending February 28, 1894: 
 
HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 DISBUR.SEMENTS IN ONE YEAR. 
 
 Clerk and Assessor's De- Building and Plumbing 
 
 partment $2,389 30 Inspector's Dep't 300 50 
 
 Fire Department 6,478 06 Street-sprinkling Dep't 7,077 48 
 
 Street Department 6,013 82 Street-lighting Dep't 6,296 31 
 
 Police Department 2,671 50 Rent Dep't 733 32 
 
 Engineer's Department 1,351 35 Public Printing Dep't i,374 01 
 
 Tax Collector's Dep't 644 10 Sewer Dep't 434 04 
 
 Recorder's Dep't 229 60 Sewer Farm Dep't 3,607 04 
 
 Attorney's Dep't 1,027 25 L,ibrary Dep't 3,047 60 
 
 Treasurer's Dep't 980 72 Miscellaneous Dep't i,753 §5 
 
 Poundmaster's Dep't 209 85 
 
 Soup house department, providing temporarily for "the unemployed :" 
 [As this is an historic episode, I give the items in full] 
 
 Salary of Special Officer @ Stove, dishes, and cooking 
 
 $50 per mo $50 00 utensils 46 04 
 
 Repairs on building 6 72 Groceries and provisions 94 93 
 
 Shovels and rakes 6 60 
 
 Coal 5 50 Total $209.79 
 
 Interest on Fire and Sewer Bonds* $7,075 00 
 
 Interest on Library Bonds 505 75 
 
 Interest on Deferred Payment of Bills 740 18 
 
 Total this year for interest on borrowed money, $8,320.93. A total of 
 $10,025 was also paid out for redemption of bonds. 
 
 The following is a complete inventory of property belonging to the city 
 on February 28, 1894: 
 
 Sewer System"*^ $160,000 00 $160,000 00 
 
 Sewer Farm and buildings, 300 
 
 acres % $250 per acre 75,000 00 
 
 Horses and Implements on Sewer Farm. 875 00 75,875 00 
 
 Fire Pingine House and Lot 10,000 00 
 
 P'^ire Department Horses 1,275 00 
 
 Plre Engine 4,400 00 
 
 Hook and Ladder Truck i , 600 00 
 
 Hose Cart and Reel 475 00 
 
 Harness 175 00 
 
 1,900 feet of Hose 1,425 00 
 
 Furniture, etc., in Engine House 200 00 
 
 Fire Alarm System 3,975 00 23,525 00 
 
 Public Library Building and Lot 25,000 00 
 
 Books in Library 6, 500 00 
 
 P'urniture in Library 300 00 31,800 00 
 
 Instruments, Engineer's Deji't 300 00 300 00 
 
 Furniture in City Hall 300 00 
 
 Two Safes in City Hall 500 00 800 00 
 
 Street Sprinkler 400 00 
 
 Street Sweeper 550 00 
 
 *On July 19, 1887, a public vote to authorize the issue of $197,000 of City Iniprovenuut Bonds was 
 carried by 197 for, and only two against tlie measure. Five per cent interest. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 
 
 Road Machine 
 
 Carts, Scrapers and Implements 
 
 Cart Horse 
 
 City Jaii: 
 
 Supplies, Police Dep't 
 
 Cash subject to warrant 
 
 Total Assets $302,379 59 
 
 The city had at the same date a total bonded indebtednees of $138,700. 
 
 CITY ASSESSMENTS AND TAX LEVY IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS. 
 
 100 00 
 
 
 
 150 00 
 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 1.225 
 
 00 
 
 600 00 
 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 625 
 
 00 
 
 
 8,229 
 
 59 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assessed Value. 
 
 Levy per 
 
 $100 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assessed Value. 
 
 Levy per 
 
 $100 
 
 1886-87... 
 1887-88... 
 1888-89... 
 1889-90... 
 
 ...$1,001,737 00... 
 ... 4,881,245 00... 
 ... 8,668,627 00... 
 ••• 7.237.338 00... 
 
 ■••$ 
 
 •65 
 .40 
 
 .72 
 .70 
 
 1891-92... 
 1892-93... 
 1893-94... 
 1894-95... 
 
 •••$4,551,330 00.. 
 ... 4,890,218 00.. 
 ... 5,473,821 00.. 
 ... 6,462,576 00.. 
 
 ....$1.10 
 .... 1. 13 
 .... I.OO 
 .... I.OO 
 
 1890-91... 
 
 ... 4,709,164 00... 
 
 
 .90 
 
 
 
 
 November 10, 1893, the Board of Trade issued a circular prepared by 
 its secretary, Wm. H. Knight, from which I glean a few points to preserve, 
 as showing the condition of certain matters at that time : 
 
 "Pasadena, with a city population of 8,000, and an adjacent population 
 3,000 more, probably has a larger number of beautiful homes than any other 
 city of equal size in the world. [See page 226.] * * * Building im- 
 provements now under way amount in value to $552,400. Among them are 
 dwellings ranging from $1,000 to $30,000. * =t= * Between January and 
 September, 1893, there were 9,519 lineal feet of .streets graded, 26,458 feet 
 of curbing built, and 99,335 square feet of sidewalks laid, at a total cost of 
 $40,000. The principal business streets are now being paved with asphalt. 
 * * * Within and adjacent to the corporate limits of Pasadena are 
 155,000 orange and lemon trees from three to fifteen years old, and there 
 are 2,500 acres planted to walnuts, olives, prunes, figs, apricots, and other 
 deciduous fruits." 
 
 NEW CHARTER — " NO ! " 
 
 In 1894 ^ plan was set on foot to provide the city with a bran new 
 homemade charter, instead of accepting the one for a city of the Fifth Class, 
 or the one for Fourth Class, as already provided by the State Code. A com- 
 mittee of fifteen freeholders was formed to prepare the new document. They 
 spent several months in wrestling and worrying with the manifold points 
 necessary to be covered. At last the completed thing came to a public vote 
 on Saturday, February 23, 1895, and was overwhelmingly rejected, by the 
 following vote : 
 
 First precinct — ^yeas 5, noes 63 ; second — yeas 6, noes 66 ; third — yeas 
 2, noes 56; fourth — yeas 5, noes 33 ; fifth — yeas 10, noes 42 ; sixth — yeas 
 6, noes 51. Total, yeas 34, noes 311. The total cost to the city of this 
 " new charter " fiasco footed up $1,325.06. 
 
 *"In our city's effort to secure right-of-way for laying pipe under ground to reach its sewage farm, 
 eighty different resisting propertj' owner.'^ along the line are made co-defendants in a suit of the city lor 
 legal process to secure the desired right-of-way." — Pasadena Standaid, September 21, 1889. 
 
 19 
 
290 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 Note. — After this chapter was ready for press, the city clerk's annual 
 report for 1894-95 was published in pamphlet form ; and from it I glean a 
 few additional points of historic interest. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT OF TAXES FOR 1 894 5. 
 
 General Fund $0.50 per $100 00 produced $32,312 88 
 
 Sewer Fund 0.15 " 100 00 " 9,693 87 
 
 Fire and Sewer Sinking Fund 0.24 " 100 00 " 15,510 18 
 
 Library Sinking Fund 0125 " 100 00 " 807 82 
 
 Library P'und 0975 " 100 00 " 6,301 01 
 
 Total $ I GO " $100 GO " $64,625 76 
 
 For current expenses of the city, $23,484 31 of interest-bearing (8 per 
 cent) certificates were issued for claims which could not be paid on demand 
 because the treasury was empty : then when they were paid, (after the year's 
 taxes had been collected,) the interest on them amounted to $1,031 83. 
 Among the items of cash receipts by the city, these odd ones occur : Fines 
 collected by recorder [police judge], mostly from violations of restrictions in 
 the liquor permitting ordinance, $1,019.50. Dog licenses, $71. Sale of 
 street sweepings, $130.35. Sale of pumpkins and hay from sewer farm, 
 $1,288.71. Library collections, $311.10. 
 
 Some of the expense accounts in 1894-5, worth}^ of special note, were : 
 Fire department, $6,241.76 ; street work, repairing, sweeping, etc., $8,822.87 ; 
 street sprinkling, $8,969.18; street lighting, $7,803.01 ; total expense for 
 street interests, $25,595.06. Police department, $3,447.17 ; soup house de- 
 partment, $825.83; printing department, $1,768.87 ; sewer farm department, 
 $3,054.66; library department, $3,170.91. 
 
 Some of the valuations of city property in 1895 ^^e : Sewer department, 
 $235,668 ; fire department, $23,525; library department, $30,500. The total 
 value of all property belonging to the city corporation is given as 
 $293,969.80. 
 
 The city's debts, March i, 1895, were : Fire and sewer bonds, $122,- 
 300, at 5 per cent interest ; library bonds, $6,375, at 7 per cent interest. 
 And at that date there was $4,966.77 cash in the city treasury. 
 
 The street work done by the city in 1894, was 129,479 square feet of 
 paving; 61,218 square feet of sidewalk ; 22,051 lineal feet of grading; 
 49,535 lineal feet of curbing ; 53,026 lineal feet of guttering ; 14,365 lineal 
 feet of sewer construction. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The first effort ever made toward organizing a Fire Company in Pasa- 
 dena occurred in January, 1885. Meetings were held on the r5th, 21st and 
 27th of that month, and on February 5th and 12th, at all of which Dr. H. 
 A. Reid presided. Of the first meeting the Valley U7iion said : 
 
 "At a public meeting held at the reading room of the Webster Hotel 
 
DIVIvSION FOUR — BOOM. 29 1 
 
 Friday evening, at 8 p. m., agreeably to notice, Dr. H. A. Reid was elected 
 chairman and Martin Mullins secretary. Mr. F. B. Wetherby read a list of 
 names of twenty persons who volunteered to act as firemen. On motion the 
 chairman was authorized to appoint a committee of three to learn what 
 articles would be needed for extinguishing fires, and the cost of same. 
 Messrs. T. E. Martin, H. W. Magee and M. Mullins were appointed as such 
 committee ; and T. P. Lukens, Esq., was appointed to learn and report as to 
 the cost of articles needed. ' ' 
 
 The hotel "reading room " referred to was the same that is now No. i6 
 west Colorado street, occupied by W. T. Clapp's real estate office and J. A. 
 Mclntyre's shoe store and shop. The Uriion of January 30th reported the 
 first actual organization of a Fire Company, and I quote from it : 
 
 "Pursuant to a call, the citizens of Pasadena met Tuesday evening, 
 27th inst., at the reading room of the Webster Hotel to organize a Fire 
 Company, to be called the "Pasadena Fire Brigade." F. B. Wetherby 
 was nominated and unanimously elected president of the Company. T. E. 
 Martin was then put in nomination and elected secretary. W. B. Loughery 
 was next nominated and without a dissenting voice declared treasurer. 
 Charles Rose and John Ripley were then put in nomination for Foreman. 
 Mr. Ripley withdrew in favor of Mr. Rose, and the latter was then elected 
 by acclamation. John Ripley was then called to fill the position of Assistant 
 Foreman, and was declared elected by a full vote of all present. Next in 
 order was the appointment of a committee to draft a Constitution and By- 
 Laws for said company, and the chair appointed Messrs. H. Phillips and C. 
 Rose to draft the same and report to the next meeting." 
 
 No report of this committee was ever published ; but the Union of 
 February 13, publishes the following: 
 
 "Another fire meeting was held last evening at the reading room of the 
 Webster Hotel, Dr. Reid presiding. Mr. Wetherby read a proposition from 
 the Harper & Reynolds Company, for the furnishing of certain apparatus 
 for $450, to which Mr. Eukens supplemented a list of other articles swelling 
 the amount to $761.80." 
 
 The report then goes on to relate at length that R. Williams raised the 
 question whether the forming of a fire companj^ and procuring apparatus 
 would reduce the exorbitant insurance rates ; also, what arrangement could 
 be made with the water companies ; — both of which points gave rise to 
 much discussion, and were finally referred to committees. Then Frank M. 
 Ward [as agent for Gen. Edwin Ward] subscribed $100 on behalf of the 
 General, and $20 for his own firm of Ward Bros. ; and Mr. Wetherby was 
 appointed to solicit further subscriptions. But I could not find that anj^ of 
 the committees ever made report ; and the whole project seems to have died 
 and left no sign. There were then very serious difficulties as to water supply 
 for any sort of engine, the water mains being only the original small caliber 
 sheet iron colony pipes. Geo. A. Greeley and Dr. Reid urged the formation 
 of a hook and ladder company, and that our own blacksmith and wagon 
 shops be employed to make some suitable ladders, some fire hooks, with 
 
292 HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 poles, chains and rope, and a truck to carry them, besides a supply of 
 buckets, etc. But the young men who had given their names to form a fire 
 company were not willing to do anything about it unless money enough was 
 subscribed to procure fire hats and belts for them, and a nice engine of some 
 sort. And as nearly as I can learn, only about $150 w^as ever actually sub- 
 scribed in this first movement. The next mention of this matter in print 
 was an item in the Union of November 27, 1885, which says : 
 
 "Last spring six or eight meetings were held, endeavoring to organize 
 a Pasadena Fire Company and procure suitable fire apparatus and water 
 facilities. It was found that it would take at least $1,000 ready money to 
 provide what was necessary, and less than $200 was ever subscribed. Mr. 
 Greeley proposed that thej^ organize a hook and ladder company, and procure 
 such tools for their use as could be made right here — one or two .scaling 
 ladders ; perhaps two 24-foot pole-hooks, and one grappling hook, with chain 
 and suitable ropes. This was really the most practicable thing proposed, 
 and our late fire showed pretty plainly how useful they would have been." 
 
 I found nothing more of record in regard to this interest until August 
 25, 1887, when it appears that the First National Bank was appointed as the 
 city's financial agent to negotiate bonds for sewer, fire protection and other 
 improvements. Then the city clerk's book shows that on October 8, 1887, 
 resolution No. 52 was adopted, establishing a City Fire Department, com- 
 prising a Hook and Ladder Company and a Hose Company, with Robert 
 Hentig as Chief, at a salary of $10 per moi^th. And there were to be 12 
 men to each company, with salaries of $20 per year each. On December 
 10, Chief Hentig reported the organization of these two companies completed. 
 On December 17, 1887, the city council accepted and confirmed the fol- 
 lowing li.st of first firemen enrolled under the ordinance creating a city fire 
 department : Peter Steil, J. W. Buttner, J. D. Johns, E. P. Dickey, Geo. 
 Draper, W. B. Mosher, Norman Henderson, L. Crosby, C. A. Hughes, 
 A. S. Butterworth, Ed. Brown, C. A. Russell, John McCracken, A. W. 
 Lewis, W. Keys, F. L. Johnston, S. McDaniels, J. S. Mills, Geo. C. John- 
 ston, G. F. Farrer, C. Russell, Harry Haskins, Geo. Browai, T. W. Jeflfers. 
 Total, 24. 
 
 Along in January or February the business men of the city subscribed 
 in small sums a loan to the city of $1,100 to purchase fire apparatus. The 
 outfit arrived about May i, and on May 8, 1888, the fire committee of the 
 city council reported a satisfactory test and public exhibit of the same. 
 
 June 4, 1888, the fire company elected John S. Mills president, C. Rus- 
 sell, vice-president, D. J. Jones, secretary, H. F, Cogswell, trea.surer ; C. 
 Russell, foreman.J. D. Jones, first assistant, W. H. Mowers, second assistant. 
 On June 19, the city council approved and confirmed these officers ; but mean- 
 while, on June 16, eighteen members had withdrawn from the company, and 
 
DIVISION FOUR BOOM. 293 
 
 the council appointed nineteen others to take their places.* On August i6, 
 another break occurred, and twelve names were dropped from member- 
 ship in the fire company, and the same number of new names were added 
 by the city council. 
 
 March 9, 1889, the council voted to purchase a No. 2 Silsby steam fire en- 
 gine, to be paid for with municipal improvement bonds. July 6, M. M. Parker, 
 then president of the city council, reported that the engine had arrived ; and 
 Geo. L. Sanborn was appointed as engineer to take charge of it. He did 
 so temporarily, but declined to continue, and on July 20 H. H. Hillier was 
 appointed to the place. However, in the meantime, on July 13, president 
 [mayor] Parker had reported two satisfactory public tests of the machine, 
 and thereupon the purchase was completed by ordering the bonds delivered 
 to its manufacturers. This first fire engine in the city bears the name 
 "M. M. Parker." 
 
 August 22, Mr. Hillier resigned his place as engineer, and Geo. L,. San- 
 born was appointed ; and the salary was fixed at $75 per month. 
 
 September 10, 1889, the city council adopted a series of 29 rules and 
 regulations to govern the fire department. One rule said : "Intoxicating 
 liquors must not be kept nor allowed to be drank in any of the houses of 
 the department. And gambling is strictly prohibited." 
 
 Rule 26 reads : " The foreman of the engine, hose, or hook and ladder 
 company, shall report promptly to the chief engineer any member of his 
 company who at any time may be unfitted for momentary service by reason 
 of the use of intoxicating drinks ; and any member of the department so re- 
 ported shall be suspended at once by the chief engineer. And any foreman 
 neglecting or refusing to enforce this rule shall be subject to removal." 
 
 In this connection occurs an historic episode to be here noted. The 
 minutes of fire company meetings from May 21 to September 24, 1888, show 
 J. D. Jones as secretary ; but the minutes of October 30, say : " The meet- 
 ing was called to order by chief engineer Jones;" and J. W. Mosher's 
 name is signed as secretary. And the minutes continue to name Jones as 
 chief, up to September 7, 1889. On August 14, 1889, F. V. Hovey was 
 elected secretary, and continues to hold that office yet, 1894. I found 
 nothing in the city clerk's records to show how or when Jones became fire 
 chief; but they mention that on September 10, 1889, J. D. Jones was dis- 
 charged as such chief, and Robert Hentig appointed instead. And this is 
 explained by the fire company's minutes of September 7, from which I 
 quote : 
 
 " Voted, that the resignation of the Pasadena fire department as a body 
 be tendered the chief, to be handed in by him to the city council of Pasadena 
 
 *This wholesale withdrawal of old members seems to have been caused by the fact that they had 
 elected Peter Steil to be chief of the fire department, and the city council refused to confirm him — hence 
 he and his special friends went out. Mr. Steil was at this time in open antagonism with the council on 
 the liquor selling question, for he was arrested, had a jury trial, was found guilty, and adjudged a fine of 
 |150 only a month previously — to-wit : on May 19, 1888. 
 
294 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 at their next meeting, September lo, if the question of salaries is not settled 
 at that meeting, — 13 for the motion and 2 against." 
 
 This is said to have been a kick against the rules or constitution estab- 
 lished by the city council quite as much or more than on the salary question. 
 At any rate, the result was that for a day or two Pasadena was at the mercy 
 of the fire fiend, as she had no fire deparhneyit. But by September 15, chief 
 Hentig had the department fully manned again, reported his list of mem- 
 bers to the council, and they ratified and confirmed them, besides fixing the 
 salaries. The old company had gone out ; this was an entirely new organ- 
 ization, based on the twenty-nine rules laid down by the council, and is the 
 organization which continues to serve the city yet. 
 
 September 18, 1889, a night fire occurred, in which three of Mrs. 
 Beaton's children were burned to death. [See page 155.] The fire com- 
 pany was in nowise blamable for this terrible calamity ; yet it did fail to 
 reach the scene of the fire as soon as it ought, and a good deal of unreason- 
 able blame was cast upon it. A public investigation of the whole 
 matter was made by the council on September 28, resulting in a 
 verdict of censure upon the department ; then new instructions were 
 given to the company, and a fire alarm bell was ordered. Prior to this the 
 Baptist church bell had been used for fire alarm purposes ; and of course 
 there was no electric alarm system. The fire engine and other apparatus 
 was kept in a temporary structure on DeLacy street below Colorado, and 
 horses were brought over from Wiley & Greeley's livery stable to hitch on 
 when required. Things were not in shape yet for either very prompt or very 
 efficient service. The water mains, fire plugs, hose supply, and alarm 
 system were all inadequate for any urgeht emergency. But this most cal- 
 amitous fire that had ever occurred here, in which three children were en- 
 tirely consumed and their mother seriously injured in her frantic efforts to 
 save them, led to vigorous measures toward improving and perfecting the 
 fire department. 
 
 On December 3, 1889, the fire engine house on Dayton street was ac- 
 cepted from the contractors who built it, and was occupied at once. Robert 
 Hentig resigned as chief, and A. S. Turbett was appointed to the place, 
 which he has filled ever since. January 4, 1890, Geo. A. Greelej- was ap- 
 pointed assistant chief. January 25 the city bought from Richard Gird of 
 Chino five horses for the fire department, at a total cost of $1,235.30 — paid 
 in municipal bonds. 
 
 The work of the department now went on in pretty good shape. The 
 old hook-and-ladder apparatus proved unequal to our needs, and a new out- 
 fit was ordered, which was received and accepted by the council on Decem- 
 ber 20, 1890. On January 24, 1891, the old truck, etc., was sold to the city 
 of Santa Monica tor $400. The old hose cart was sold there also. 
 
 In February, 1891, an electric fire alarm system was constructed 
 
DIVIvSION FOUR BOOM. 295 
 
 throughout the city ; and on March 7A.M. Clifford, who then had charge 
 of the steam fire engine, was ordered by the city council to take charge also 
 of the fire alarm system — and his salary was therefore raised to $90 per 
 month. This position Mr. CHfford holds yet — 1894. 
 
 LIST OF FIRE DEPARTMENT ON AUGUST I, 1 894. 
 
 NAME. POSITION. SALARY PER MO. 
 
 A. S. Turbett, chief of fire department $15 00 
 
 F. V. Hovey, assistant chief and secretary 8 00 
 
 A. M. Clifford, steam engineer and electrician 90 00 
 
 S. W. Fancher, stoker, and driver of hose cart 50 00 
 
 J. O. Reynolds, driver of engine 60 00 
 
 A. B. Case, foreman of hose company 5 00 
 
 F. M'Afee, Wm. Barto, Lewis Allen, Geo. E Furman, 
 
 A. E. Bisbee, callmen, each 5 oo 
 
 J. A. Mclntyre, foreman Hook and Ladder Co. (treasurer). 8 oo 
 
 Henry Hutchinson, driver of hook and ladder truck 60 00 
 
 Edward Fouke, S. B. Beers, Gus. Banbury, Geo. Clayter, 
 
 Harry Porter, callmen, each 5 00 
 
 The boiler of the fire engine is kept full of water at the boiling point, 
 continuously night and day, by means of a coke furnace and water heater 
 under the floor and connected with the engine by pipes with automatic 
 valves, cut-offs, etc. The engine's fire-box is kept always primed with 
 quick-blaze kindling. The harnesses remain permanently attached to the 
 engine, but suspended and held open by slip-hooks. The horses stand 
 loose in their stalls behind the engine, with only a swing- bar before them ; 
 and they are trained when the electric gong in the room sounds an alarm, to 
 leap to their places, the harnesses drop down on them, three spring snaps 
 for each horse complete their attachment, and thus ordinarily in about ten 
 seconds from instant of alarm the engine begins to roll and plunge out, the 
 horses being trained to go on a tearing gallop at once and until the scene of 
 fire is reached. The engine weighs 7,725 pounds. If the alarm comes 
 from a station anywhere near the business center, the fixed match is im- 
 mediately struck in the fire-box, the blaze roars up, and inside of five min- 
 utes from instant of alarm the hose could be attached, and the engine 
 throwing water on top of the First National Bank, or the Carlton Block, or 
 Hotel Green, etc. The horses and harnesses for the hose cart and the 
 hook-and-ladder truck have the same arrangements for quick, prompt work, 
 the horses being all trained to leap to their own proper places when the 
 alarm sounds, and to go at their utmost speed through the streets. Every- 
 thing else — even the Salvation Army ! — must give way for them. 
 
 August I, 1894, there are in the city sixty fire-plugs, and eighteen 
 electric fire alarm stations or boxes. There are 1,900 feet of two-and-a-half 
 inch hose, warranted to withstand a water pressure of 400 pounds per 
 square inch, while the ordinary pressure in service is only from 125 to 175 
 pounds per square inch. The hose cart as it runs to a fire, loaded for ser- 
 
296 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 vice, weighs 3,135 pounds. The hook-and-ladder truck carries one fifty- 
 foot and one thirty-foot extension ladder, besides fire-wall hook ladders, and 
 others. It also carries tour three-gallon Babcock chemical extinguishers. 
 Then there is the usual complement of hooks, chains, ropes, axes, etc., for 
 tearing down buildings to check the spread of a fire ; and a supply of 
 leather buckets. This truck and its outfit weigh 3,640 pounds, and eight 
 firemen are entitled to ride on it besides. 
 
 A Chapter of Three Bs.- 
 Table of Incorporations. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 -The Banks.— The " Boom. 
 BANKS. 
 
 -The Board of Trade. 
 
 The First National. — The first public mention of any bank project 
 in Pasadena occurred in the Valley Union of November 22, 1884, which 
 said : 
 
 "Yesterdaj' an organization was effected by electing the following 
 gentlemen a board of directors : P. M. Green, Henry G. Bennett, George 
 H. Bonebrake, J. Banbury. John Allin, D. Galbraith, and B. F. Ball. The 
 following officers were also elected : President, P. M. Green ; vice-pres- 
 ident, B. F. Ball; cashier, D. Galbraith." 
 
 It was called simply the Pasadena Bank, and November 21, 1884, 
 
 appears as the date of its in- 
 corporation under the state 
 laws. But on May loth, 
 1886, it was chartered under 
 United States law as the 
 "First National Bank of Pasa- 
 dena, " its registry number 
 being 3,499. A few days 
 before this date the Union 
 contained the following as a 
 real estate item : 
 
 "The Los Angeles House 
 property, corner Fair Oaks 
 Avenue and Colorado street, 
 was sold for $25,000 to a 
 syndicate of capitalists com- 
 posed of Geo. H. Bonebrake, 
 P. M. Green, H. W. Magee, 
 B. F. Ball, J. H. Painter, R. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK BLOCK, 1886. }^?^^^",r' "' S' ^^^""^"''^"^ 
 
 Architecture, Classic. Jolui Alhu. 1 hc property IS 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 
 
 297 
 
 363 feet on Colorado street by 293 ^a on Fair Oaks, containing within a fraction 
 of three acres of land. It also includes the well-known and popular " L,os 
 Angeles House" hotel with all its furniture. The Pasadena bank is now 
 being reorganized as the First National Bank of Pasadena, and wall have its 
 quarters on this property, taking the corner lot 45 x 120 feet, on which a 
 thoroughly fire-proof building will be erected." 
 
 The Board of Trade pamphlet of 1888 said, on page 21 : 
 " One year ago there was practically but one bank in Pasadena, the 
 second having just opened its doors. [The S. G. V. Bank.] The total de- 
 posits then were $412,924.46. The loans and discounts amounted to $268,- 
 209.77. As this work goes to press the deposits in the banks of Pasadena 
 amount to $1,682,339.49, and the total loans $984,322.83. The total bank 
 capital a year ago was $50,000; today it amounts to $300,000. " 
 
 The following chronological exhibit was prepared by H. I. Stuart, a 
 bookkeeper in this bank, at my request, especially for this sketch, and forms 
 a most valuable and interesting table for future reference and comparison : 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 1894 
 
 DEPOSITS. 
 
 December 31. 
 
 $ 148,966 75 
 583,719 18 
 
 1.039.057 72 
 514,194 73 
 341,840 00 
 382,079 81 
 417,106 16 
 484,027 04 
 403,522 39 
 550,970 64 
 
 I.OANS AND 
 DISCOUNTS 
 
 December 31 
 
 $ 88,191 II 
 343,647 50 
 618,255 64 
 351,182 26 
 268,966 21 
 
 286,987 ■':i 
 332,260 42 
 304,845 36 
 289,660 55 
 382,409 99 
 
 totai, volume 
 of business. 
 
 $ 5,200,000 00 
 30,900,000 00 
 46,920,084 00 
 31,184,166 00 
 16,827,000 00 
 14,944,754 00 
 19,530,000 00 
 26,530,000 00 
 23,464,000 00 
 26,125,000 00 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 I These were the 
 
 t " boom " years. 
 
 Boom coriapsed. 
 
 The Daily Star of June 9, 1895,, reports the annual meeting of this 
 bank on the 8th, and says : 
 
 "The following directors were elected for the ensuing year: P. M. 
 Green, B. F. Ball, Geo. H. Bonebrake, H. G. Bennett, H. M. Hamilton, A. 
 K. McQuilling, O. S. Picher. This is a re-election of the entire board. The 
 same officers were also elected to-wit : P. M. Green, president ; B. F. Ball, 
 vice-president ; A. H. Conger, cashier ; Ernest H. May, assistant cashier. 
 
 The reports of the officers show that the volume of deposits, loans and 
 discounts done by the bank for 1894 was the largest since the most prosper- 
 ous year of the boom. Its capital is $100,000; its surplus $60,000, and at 
 the close of business October 2 last, it had resources to the amount of 
 $735.69i.5i- At that date its deposits amounted to $555,942.62. Hon. P. 
 M. Green has been president of this bank continuously since its first organi- 
 zation." 
 
 The San Gabriel Valley Bank. — This bank was organized under 
 the state law, and its articles of incorporation filed February 6, 1886, the 
 Ward Brothers having been prime movers in the matter. Capital stock, 
 $50,000 — all paid in. The Union of May 21, said : 
 
 "The San Gabriel Valley Bank will open for business in its elegant 
 quarters in the Ward Block Monday. The capital stock of $50,000 has all 
 
298 HISTORY OP PASADENA. 
 
 been subscribed by citizens of Pasadena. Frank M. Ward has been elected 
 president ; Alonzo Tower, vice-president, and B. W. Bates, cashier. The 
 directors are F. M. Ward, Alonzo Tower, B. W. Bates, C. S. Martin, Lvnian 
 Craig, J. G. Miller, Walter R. E. Ward." 
 
 In September, 1886, Mr. Bates bought for the bank a lot 25x75 feet, at 
 the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street, from Charles A. Gard- 
 ner for $4,500. The bank put up a building for its own use on this lot, 
 moved into it, and remains there yet. About October ist this year the bank 
 was reorganized, electing H. W. Magee, president ; J. W. Hugus, vice- 
 president ; Bates, cashier. And the following notice was officially published : 
 
 ' ' The individual property both real and personal of the stockholders of 
 this bank is pledged as security to its patrons for the bank's transactions." 
 
 In 1887 Col. W. A. Ray was elected president. He resigned in April, 
 1890, and H. W. Magee was elected again to fill the vacancy. Then in 
 189 1 Frank C. Bolt was elected president, and still continues. The officers 
 in 1895 are: F. C. Bolt, president; S. Washburn, vice-president; Geo. B. 
 Post, cashier. Directors : Bolt, Washburn, W. S. Wright, J. W. Hugus, 
 Webster Wotkyns, C. S. Cristy, H. C. Allen. At my request the following 
 table was furnished of business done by this bank in successive years . 
 
 LOANS AND / LOANS AND 
 
 VKAR. DErOSISTS. DISCOUNTS. YEAR. DEPOSITS. DISCOUNTS. 
 
 1887 $157,979 67 $ 78,569 63 1892 $146,181 90 $119,954 95 
 
 1888 258,156 44 158,751 86 1893 199.391 14 162,693 31 
 
 1889 86,149 94 97.788 22 1894 185,104 04 152,359 71 
 
 1890 68,764 56 68,174 98 1895 255,537 18 187,337 56 
 
 1891 94,18484 77.10959 
 
 In February, 1891, a Savings Department was opened, this right having 
 been granted in the orignal charter qf the bank, with individual liability of 
 the stockholders the same as provided in security for other depositors. And 
 in January, 1895, it had about six hundred savings depositors recorded. 
 
 The Pasadena National Bank. — The Pasadena Union oiOci. 16, 
 1886, gave a report of the founding of this bank, from which I quote the 
 points of chief historic interest : 
 
 "This bank was organized February 15, 1886, under the laws govern- 
 ing National l^anks, with a paid up capital of $50,000. The directors are : 
 I. W. Hellman. of the Farmers and Merchants bank of Los Angeles ; E. F. 
 Spence, of the First National bank of Eos Angeles ; Dr. Wm. Converse, 
 president of the Dime Savings bank of Chicago ; Geo. A. Swartwout of the 
 Pasadena Hardware Co. ; and C. H. Converse, late a l)usiness man of 
 Chicago. Officers : Hellman, president ; Spence, vice-president ; Swart- 
 wout, cashier." 
 
 Mr. Swartwout was one of the owners of the new Ivxchange l)lock 
 (Carlton hotel), and therefore elegant quarters for the l)ank had been pro- 
 vided therein while the block was l)eing erected. Here the bank first 
 opened its doors for ])usine.ss on Monday, October 18, 1886 ; and $25,000 
 deposits were made during the first day. 
 
DIVISION FOUR- 
 
 BOOM. 
 
 299 
 
 This bank was custodian of the $6,061.50 indemnity pledge fund put 
 up by business men of Pasadena in 1887, to secure their prohibitory ordi- 
 nance and sustain it through the courts. [See page 248.] 
 
 In January, 1889, Mr. Swartwout retired and was succeeded by A. H. 
 Conger, as cashier. Then in January, 1891, Mr. Conger resigned, in order 
 to take the position of cashier in the First National bank ; and he was suc- 
 ceeded by T. P. lyukeus as cashier. In 1888 the capital had been increased 
 from $50,000 to $100,000. 
 
 In January, 1895, this bank moved into its magnificent new rooms in 
 the Masonic temple, corner Raymond avenue and Colorado street ; and on 
 Saturday, January 26, the officers and directors received their friends there 
 for the first time, to inspect the very complete provision they had made of 
 every known device for burglar-proof safety of vaults, and for comfort, ex- 
 pedition and accuracy in carrying on the business. The L,os Angeles 
 Times reported that the vault foundation was of concrete five feet thick, 
 with 5,000 interlinked old horseshoes worked into the mixture. At my re- 
 quest the following chronological exhibit was furnished from the bank 
 records to accompany this historical sketch : 
 
 Pasadena National Bank, Incorporaied October 11, 1886. 
 
 887 
 
 890 
 891 
 892 
 
 893 
 
 894 
 
 AVERAGE 
 DEPOSITS. 
 
 $248,500 
 
 184,800 
 
 98,100 
 
 63,000 
 
 63,600 
 
 136,600 
 
 161,100 
 
 176,900 
 
 AVERAGE 
 LOANS. 
 
 $169,800 
 163,000 
 147,100 
 81,800 
 101,700 
 124,800 
 133,900 
 148,800 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Officers : President, 
 Vice-president, Wm. 
 E. Jones. 
 
 Board of Directors 
 L. P. Hansen, Wm. 
 
 Hon. T. 
 
 Stanton 
 
 P. lyUkens ; 
 Cashier, E. 
 
 : G. Roscoe Thomas, 
 Stanton, James Cam- 
 
 bell, E. E. Jones, Hon. T. P. Eukens. 
 
 Savings Banks. — In 18S7 C. T. Hopkins opened the first Savings 
 Bank attempted in Pasadena, in his then new block, corner of Fair Oaks 
 Avenue and Union street, with Otto Froelich as cashier or manager ; but it 
 did not succeed, and was given up after a few months, and the build- 
 ing leased to the city for its offices, council room, court room, etc. 
 
 Savings Department of San Gabriel Valley Bank. [See page 298.] 
 
 Union Savings Bank. — The next Savings Bank venture is thus set 
 forth in the Weekly Star oi February 6, 1895 • 
 
 " The proposed new savings bank to be established here, with offices in 
 the Masonic Temple block, filed its articles of incorporation February i, 
 under the name of the Union vSavings bank. Its purpose is to do a general 
 and exclusive savings bank business, under the laws of California, and its 
 capital stock is placed at $50,000 ; shares $100 each. The directors named 
 are H. C. Durand, Dr. Norman Bridge, Robt. Eason, H. M. Gabriel, A. R. 
 
300 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Metcalfe. All the stock is subscribed, some of the principal stockholders 
 being the directors above named, and Rev. Dr. Eli Fay, Ur. G. R. Thomas, 
 Dr. R. J. Mohr, J. S. Torrance, John Allin, Thos. Earley, T. J. Martin, 
 Dr. N. A. Dalrymple, H. M. IvUtz, H. M. Singer, Gardner & Webster, 
 F. D. Stevens, J. R. Greer, E. C. Griffith, J. C. Maguire, Conrad & Hotal- 
 ing, Dr. E. E. Gaylord, Rev. Dr. E. E. Conger." 
 
 This bank opened its doors for business in the Masonic Temple, Ray- 
 mond Avenue front, March 6, 1895, with H. M. Gabriel, president; Robert 
 Eason, vice-president ; Chas. A. Smith, cashier. 
 
 BUILDING AND LOANS. 
 
 Pasadena Building and Loan Association. — Organized on Tues- 
 day evening, June 8, 1886, at a meeting in the Valley JJyiion printing office. 
 The capital stock was fixed at $250,000, in shares of $200 each, payable in 
 monthly installments of $1 each. Articles of incorporation were adopted 
 and signed, with the following board of directors : E. C. Webster, J. W. 
 Wood, Edson Turner, B. S. Eaton, P. M. Green, B. F Ball, Thos. Ban- 
 bury. Mr. Green was appointed treasurer; R. W. Abbott, secretary ; N. P. 
 Conrey, attorney ; and $20,000 was subscribed on the spot. July 5 was set 
 for the next regular business meeting. The Unio7i of June 18 printed a list 
 of fifty-six persons who had subscribed for a total of 525 shares of stock in 
 this Association. The same paper of July 16 contained an official notice by 
 the secretary that the said business meeting would be held July 17, the first 
 appointment having failed. Then the paper of July 23 contained notice 
 that the meeting had been deferred till July 24. And this was the last 
 living whisper that I could catch of this particular " Building Association." 
 It was swamped in the surf-tide of the rising " boom." 
 
 Mutual Building and Loan Association. — This body was incor- 
 porated July 20, 1892, with the following board of directors: 
 
 DIRECTORS. NO. SHARES. AM'T. DIRECTORS. NO. SHARES. AM'T. 
 
 T. P. Lukens 35 $ 3,500 00 W. R. Staats 70 7,000 00 
 
 J. D. Lincoln 10 1,000 00 B. W. Hahn 10 1,000 00 
 
 F. H. Vallette 100 10,000 00 A. L,- Hamilton 30 3,000 00 
 
 C. W. Mann 5 500 00 ^60 |26,ooo^oo 
 
 The capital stock is fixed at $2,000,000, in 20,000 shares of $100 each. 
 A report made June 30, 1893, showed loans on real estate, $4,100; loans on 
 mortgages, $4,900. Receipts from monthly dues, $3,970.75. T. P. Lukens, 
 president, and Benj. W. Hahn, secretary. 
 
 The annual report of June 30, 1894, gave the following figures : Total 
 of loans on real estate, $10,400 ; dues paid by members, $4,967.50. Num- 
 ber of members, 62. Number borrowing, 12. Number shares in force, 
 878. A semi-annual report, January 2, 1895, gave . Dues paid in, to date, 
 $10,080. Undivided profits, July i, 1884, $811.75. Money on hand sub- 
 ject to call of borrowers, $1,890. C. E. Getchell is now the secretary — 
 July, 1895. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 
 
 301 
 
 Pasadena Security Investment Company. — Organized September 
 I, 1894. State certificate of incorporation dated February 23, 1895. Capi- 
 tal stock, $50,000, in 500 shares of 100 each. Board of directors : Geo. H. 
 Coffin, Edwin Stearns, E. T. Howe, C. E- Getchell, J. K. Urmston. 
 Officers : Coffin, president ; Howe, vice-president ; Getchell, secretary ; 
 Stearns, treasurer. 
 
 PASADENA'S CAPITALISTS. 
 
 Here, in connection with the story of our banks, is the proper place to 
 give the list of Pasadena people whose property was assessed in 1894 at 
 $10,000 or over. The list was compiled and published by the Los Angeles 
 Daily Jourfial oi Vehr\x2iry 19, 1895, for the whole county. The assessment 
 of course was only for property in Los Angeles county ; and I have com- 
 piled from the entire list those who reside in or adjoining Pasadena, or have 
 their property here : 
 
 Allen, Wm. (heirs of) $ 53,420 
 
 Baker, P. C. (heirs of) 23,000 
 
 Ball, B. F 36,575 
 
 Banbury, Thomas 12,150 
 
 Banta, Mary G i5i55o 
 
 Bartlett, J. S 15,270 
 
 Bennett, H. G 13,000 
 
 Brigden, A 12,910 
 
 Brockway, Justus 15,100 
 
 Brown, Annie M 13,000 
 
 Brown, Calvin W 11,800 
 
 Callender, A. M 10,860 
 
 Carlton Block Co 36,000 
 
 Carter, J. M 24,000 
 
 Cristy, Charles S 18.250 
 
 Crank, J. F. 43,000 
 
 Dobbins, Mrs. C. W 15.100 
 
 Fish, Milford 25,840 
 
 Foster, Charles 10,360 
 
 Frost, E. S 26,585 
 
 Gilchrist, Mrs. J. D ^3-750 
 
 Goodwin, A. A 11,400 
 
 Green, P. M 13,500 
 
 Green, George G 146,550 
 
 Hansen, L. P i7>553 
 
 Hastings, C. H 76,988 
 
 Hugus, J. W 13,000 
 
 Hull, Mrs. A. V. B 10,100 
 
 Hurlbut, E. F 19,125 
 
 Kernaghan, G. F 10,300 
 
 Kinney, Abbot 98,785 
 
 Legge, Charles 19,515 
 
 Lordsburg Land Co . 11,985 
 
 Lowe, T. S. C 58,970 
 
 McArthur, John 12,435 
 
 McGee, Mary E 18,535 
 
 McQuilling, A. K $ 11,190 
 
 McNally, A 10,130 
 
 Mabury, H 10,400 
 
 Macomber, H. K 14,000 
 
 Magee, H. W 11,600 
 
 Markham, H. H. 1 24,365 
 
 Markham, H. H. J 16,425 
 
 Newton, J. C 15,815 
 
 Painter, M. D 29,095 
 
 Pasadena & Mt. W. R. R. Co 14,100 
 
 Pasadena L. V. L. & W. Co 21,855 
 
 Pasadena L. & W. Co 15,880 
 
 Patton, Geo. S 12,035 
 
 Patton, Ruth, et al 31,106 
 
 Raymond, Walter 30,840 
 
 Reed, S. G 21,500 
 
 Rowan, G. D 52,510 
 
 San Gabriel Wine Co 43,895 
 
 Scoville, Mary A 10,645 
 
 Skillen, C. M 12,455 
 
 Singer, H. M 15, 795 
 
 Smith, James 25.823 
 
 Stanton, William 20,950 
 
 Stevens, F. D 11,970 
 
 Stimson, G. W 26,475 
 
 Stoneman, Mary 13,905 
 
 Stuart, W. C 20,270 
 
 Talcott, Ellen H ii,335 
 
 Tebbetts, C. E 11,915 
 
 Thomas, G. Roscoe 17,680 
 
 Torrance, J. S 12,550 
 
 Turner, Esther 27,046 
 
 Vandevort, J. W 23,880 
 
 Wilson, Margarets 12,140 
 
 Woodbury, F.J 27,600 
 
 Wooster, P. G 23,100 
 
 Mrs. Arcadia 
 
 E. J. Baldwin, of. the great Baldwin ranch, $393,950 
 Bandini de Baker, $264,255. 
 
 THE STORY OF THE BOOM. 
 
 Just when the "boom" commenced it is difficult to determine. The 
 
302 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 truth rather is that it grew spontaneously out of occasional spurts of specu- 
 lative adventure. Nevertheless, of course there were beginnings of these 
 things ; and I have gathered some instances to illustrate how it grew little 
 by little from small beginnings, until it became an epidemic mania of gamb- 
 ling in land values, by which a few made fortunes, and many lost their all. 
 
 In 1875 P. G. Wooster bought ten acres at $55 per acre, less 12 per 
 cent for spot cash. On April 14, 1887, he sold I'j acres of this same land 
 for $36,300 [exclusive of the buildings then on it], and got the nioJiey. This 
 was the land now known as Hotel Green park. The next day he sold the 
 land where Hotel Green stands for $35,000 ; but before he got his pay the 
 boom bursted, and he had trouble and loss in the matter. 
 
 In November, 1877, A. F. Mills bought 15 acres at the southwest corner 
 of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street, out of the original Berry & 
 Elliott tract, and paid $ioo per acre for it ; and he says this was the first time 
 that so high a price had been paid for any land in the colon5^ 
 
 P. G. Wooster reports that in 1878 the taxes on his ten-acre home lot 
 were $7.68, and adds : " In 1893, on 3,060 square feet less than one acre of 
 the same ground I paid $154 county and state tax, and about the same 
 amount as city tax." 
 
 February i, 1882, Wesley Bunnell bought five acres from E. P. Little 
 for $2,000. In 1884 he sold a ^-acre strip on the west side of lyittle Avenue 
 from Colorado to Union street to Frank Lowe for $1,500. In 1885 Lowe 
 sold this lot to H. J. Woollacott of Los Angeles for $3,200; and Woollacott 
 built on it the row of one-story frame store rooms which stand there yet — 
 1895. In 1886 Woollacott sold the same land in separate lots for $12,800. 
 
 During the winter of 1883 4 Charles Legge bought from a man named 
 Chapman ten acres of the land now known as "Grace Hill." His friends 
 marveled at his foolish purchase — wondered what in the world Charley 
 wanted of it, or could ever do with it, for he couldn't get water up onto it, 
 and they didn't believe fruit would grow well there ! But when in five 
 weeks he sold it for $r^ooo more than he had paid for it, he was not "foolish" 
 any more, but became the hero of the hour. The "boom" had fairly 
 struck Pasadena, and this was its biggest gun, up to that date. Then other 
 men all over the colony began to itch for a spell of the same sort of " fool- 
 ishness" which less than two months before they had twitted Charley Legge 
 of. [See article " Grace Hill."] 
 
 In 1885 tht- boom began to swell in volume and force ; and a case in 
 point I here quote from the Valley Unioji of October 30, 1895 ■ 
 
 " Real estate has boomed in Pasadena the past week. Among some of 
 the leading transactions are the following : E. C. Webster has bought of Col. 
 J. Banbury the two lots on Colorado street where Ridgway & Ripley's office 
 and the planing mill stands, 48 feet front by 150 feet deep, for $2,000. On 
 the .'^ame day Mr. Webster sold one of these lots to Gen, Edwin Ward for 
 $1,250, a clean profit of $250 in one day. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM, 303 
 
 " On Saturday Mr. Webster made the purchase from Gen. Ward for 
 Mr. A. Cruickshank, our dry goods merchant, of the lot adjoining the 
 Harper & Reynolds store, known as the " Boss Forge" lot, 37^2 feet front, 
 for $3,500 ; and on the same day Mr. Webster bought of Gen. Ward, also 
 for Mr. Cruickshank, a lot fronting on Fair Oaks Avenue, between Williams' 
 block and Hentig's plumbing shop, 25 feet front and extending back to the 
 " Boss Forge " lot. The price of this was $1,000, and it is purchased as an 
 outlet to the lots fronting on Colorado. On the following Monday evening 
 Mr. Webster also purchased of Dr. Radebaugh the latter' s fine lot 50 feet 
 front by 208 deep, on Colorado street, adjoining the " Boss Forge " lot, for 
 $4,500.* On the two Colorado street lots — the "Boss Forge" and the 
 Radebaugh lot — having an aggregate frontage of 91 feet, there is now to be 
 erected by a company consisting of A. Cruickshank, G. A. Swartwout, Gen. 
 Edwin Ward and E. C. Welister, a magnificent brick block, three stories 
 high and divided into four stores." 
 
 These latter transactions all pertain to land where the Carlton Hotel 
 now stands. 
 
 The Pasadena Union of March 12, 1886, footed up real estate sales 
 amounting to $101,000 which had been made within the three days — March 
 loth, nth, i2th. As a time-bubble, this beat the record. 
 
 The first boom sale of lots in Pasadena, with "grand excursion, brass- 
 band and free-lunch attachments," was worked up by the real estate firm of 
 Ward Bros., early in 1886 ; and as a prelude to the sensational novelty the 
 Valley Ufiion of February 5th reported thus : 
 
 "Ward Brothers have made a big sale this week, being 20 acres of Dr. 
 O. H. Conger's land on Colorado street and Pasadena Avenue, for $15,000 
 cash.f The purchasers are a syndicate, seven in number, as follows : B. 
 W. Bates (late of New York city, now occupying Ward Brothers' dwelling 
 here), Frank M. Ward, Walter R. E. Ward, P. M. Green, A. O. Porter, 
 C. S. Martin and H. G. Bennett. The purchase does not include Dr. Con- 
 ger's dwelling property but lies east of the orange orchard. The tract is L 
 shaped, the longer stem of which has 363 feet frontage on Colorado street, 
 adjoining A. K. McQuiUing's. At this width, 363 feet, it runs back 1,200 
 feet to the rear of McQuiUing's land, and thence for 600 feet further, widens 
 sufficiently to reach Pasadena Avenue. The purchase is for purpose of sub- 
 division." 
 
 The syndicate opened up through this tract Vernon Avenue, Grove 
 street, and an extension of Kansas [now Green] street. The auction took 
 place on Tuesday, February 23, 1886. A trainload of people came up from 
 Los Angeles to see the fun, hear the brass band, and eat the free lunch, 
 which latter consisted of beef sandwiches, bread and butter, oranges and 
 lemonade. Out of eighty-four lots offered, seventy- seven were sold, the 
 prices ranging all along from $520, paid by J. W. Wood, down to $180 paid 
 by J. S. Mills for one out of six lots bought by him — the others being at higher 
 
 * Dr. Radebaugh had bought this lot four years before for $250. 
 fDr. Conger had paid only $2,000 for his whole 30 acres. 
 
304 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 figures. The first lot sold was struck off" to Rev. Dr. J. G. Miller, at $510 ; 
 and he bought nine lots in all. Tvventj'^-five different persons made pur- 
 chases. The sales footed up a total of $22,140. This set the fashion for 
 the boom era ; and brass-band free-lunch excursion land sales followed in 
 quick succession all over South California. During this historic sale a 
 spirit level was set on a tripod on the ground for everybody to take a sight 
 on, and .see that these lots were just on a level with the Raymond Hotel 
 kitchen, and with Marengo Avenue at Colorado street. This rectified some 
 of our Californian optical illusions of altitude, and was a puzzle and 
 mystery of great interest to many of the visitors, especially the new- 
 comers. 
 
 September 10, 1886, a lot 25x75 feet, where the San Gabriel Valley 
 bank now stands, was sold to the bank company for $4,500. And in Decem- 
 ber of the same year Wallace Bros, and C. S. Martin bought from M. 
 Rosenbaum about three acres at corner of Orange Grove Avenue and Col- 
 orado Court for $17,000. They laid it out in residence lots, and opened 
 Grand Avenue through it. 
 
 It was in March, 1886, that occurred the great boom sale of the sub- 
 divided five acres known as the " Central School lot." This was one of 
 the most notable historic events in our city's career. [See full particulars of 
 it on pages 164-65.] 
 
 "Less than four years ago A. F. Mills sold to Jacob Hisey fifty feet 
 frontage on Fair Oaks Avenue for $150 ; and Mr. Hisey sold the same lot 
 last week for $3,100 to Dr. Henderson of I^os Angeles." — (Jju'on, June ir, 
 1886. 
 
 In January, 1887, Thos. R. Hayes owned thirteen acres at the corner 
 of Lake Avenue and Villa street, for which he had paid $11,000, and he 
 sold it to Dr. R. K. Janes and B. W. Bates for $18,000. 
 
 THE REAL EvSTATE EXCHANGE. 
 
 The most conspicuous boom event of 1887 was the organization and 
 brief career of the Real Estate Exchange, which commenced business Sep- 
 tember I, 1887. Some of its objects as set forth to the public were : 
 
 " To maintain principles of honesty and fair dealing in the operations 
 of licensed real estate brokers." 
 
 " To stimulate greater activity in real estate," etc. 
 
 "To give the business ' a position of dignity and responsibility,' " etc. 
 
 * ' To devise, encourage and foster schemes of public improvement and 
 benefit to the city at large." [This feature developed later into the " Board 
 of Trade " organization.] 
 
 "To throw safeguards around inexperienced owners or purchasers," 
 etc. 
 
 "To make contracts, deeds, conveyances, etc., in proper form to secure 
 the rights of both .seller and buyer, under the laws of California," etc. 
 And on page 8 of the association's pamphlet this passage occurs : 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 305 
 
 ' ' The following schedule of legal points as to the rights of women in 
 buying or selling real estate was originally prepared by Dr. H. A. Reid for 
 the use of his own firm, the ly^anan Allen Land Co., and is now permitted 
 to be published for general information." Then follows an explanation of 
 how contracts or deeds must be worded when there is a woman in the case, 
 either married, single, or widow, to guard her separate property rights. 
 
 Commissions were 5 per cent, on sales up to $1,000, and 2^ per cent, 
 on amounts over $1,000. For renting property the charge was 10 per cent, 
 of first month's rent, and 5 per cent, for collections thereafter. 
 
 The officers of the exchange were : W. L. Carter, president ; Col. J. 
 Banbury, vice-president ; Hon. P. M. Green, treasurer ; J. R. Riggins, 
 secretary ; E. D. Hough, office manager, and editor of the Daily Bulletin. 
 Directors : Carter, Banbury, Riggins, H. W. Ogden and J. C. Studebaker. 
 Then there were standing committees on finance, on exchange and member- 
 ship, on arbitration, on public enterprises and information. A list of mem- 
 bers published in September, showed 149 real estate firms then in Pasadena. 
 A revised list published February 20, 1888, showed 142 — so 7 had dropped 
 out of the ranks. A daily and weekly paper called The Bulletin, was pub- 
 lished. [See page 220.] 
 
 Many of the firms had two, three, or four members, so that a total of at 
 least two hundred men were engaged in the real estate business for a few 
 months. A large proportion of them were men without literary culture or 
 skill, and with no experience as conveyancers — yet all making out papers 
 for their own customers. And this accounts for the many defective papers 
 in real estate transactions which so often resulted in lawsuits or other 
 troubles in later months. 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE PAMPHLETS. 
 
 Early in 1888 the Board of Trade issued a pamphlet of 40 pages, 
 beautifully illustrated, and on page 22 this statement was made : 
 
 ' ' The extraordinary migration to Pasadena of homeseekers has resulted 
 in a sudden rise in real estate values, and in two years property has in- 
 creased in the business center from $40 per front foot to $800, and the actual 
 values of land for the purposes for which it is required are far from being 
 reached yet. Probably more fortunes have been made in real estate here in 
 the past two years than in any city in the country, and the transactions for 
 the year past amount to $12,786,263. The sales have been the result of 
 what in the East is known as a " boom.'''' 
 
 This was a boom pamphlet, well written, neatly printed, and artistic- 
 ally illustrated and embellished. And it is both sad and amusing now to 
 look it over and see how many boom. projects and enterprises mentioned, 
 pictured or described in its pages fell dead when " the boom bursted." On 
 page 18 it gives $1,987,800 as the cost of buildings erected within the 
 fifteen months preceding January i, 1888. And on page 34 there is a 
 schedule of wages paid during that period, as follows : 
 
 20 
 
306 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "Skilled masons, $6 per day ; carpenters (foremen), $5 ; ordinary car- 
 penters, $3.50 to $4; laborers, $2 to $2.50 ; men for ranch work, $30 per 
 month with board and lodging ; plasterers, $4 to $5 per day or 36 cents per 
 yard; lathers, $4 to $4.50; painters, $3.50 to $4; plumbers, $4.50; tin- 
 ners, $3.50 to $4; car drivers, $2; blacksmiths, $2.50 to $3.50; book- 
 keepers, $75 to $150 per month; clerks, $50 to $75 ; house-servants, $25 to 
 $35 per month ; nurse girls, $20 to $25 ; housekeepers, $25 to $40 ; harness- 
 makers, $3 to $4 per day ; bakers, $30 to $40 per month ; butchers, $30 
 to $50." 
 
 I thought this list of wages rates worth preserving for historic interest 
 and future reference. And I find that a slip, dated October i, 1888, was 
 pasted into the pamphlets at this point after that date, which stated : 
 ' ' When the matter for this pamphlet was written the representations on the 
 subject of mechanics' wages were strictly true. Since that time, however, 
 the wages of skilled mechanics have declined 25 per cent." Of course that 
 meant that the boom had passed its climax and was now on the decline. 
 
 One of the curiosities of this boom time was a petition signed by 
 seventy qualified electors which was presented to the city council on May 2, 
 1888. It asked to have the city boundaries extended northward one mile be- 
 yond the foot of the Sierra Madre mountains^ eastward to Hill Avenue, west- 
 ward to west bank of the Arroyo, but soutlj line to remain as it was. [This 
 would have taken in Echo Mountain and the summit crests of the front 
 range — would have incorporated the mountains.~\ Some persons wanted 
 this extension as a means to boom certain lands, water-rights, etc. ; while 
 others wanted it to get their homes under protection of Pasadena's prohib- 
 itory law, for the Board of Trade pamphlet had said of the board of city 
 trustees (page 25) "to its intelligent action and good judgment Pasadena 
 owes the suppression of saloons, making Pasadena a temperance city." La- 
 manda Park was a saloon town, and under an erroneous impression that the 
 proposed new boundaries took in their village (although it did not come 
 within a mile of it), they sent in the same da3' a vigorous protest against 
 the extension. The saloon men had smelled danger a great way off, and 
 ru.shed to the rescue. Both documents were referred to a .special committee. 
 
 Pending further action by the council, the city attorney was called to 
 attend a mass meeting at North Pasadena and stand up as a well-spring of 
 legal wisdom, to be worked like a town pump, ad libitiun, on questions of 
 corporate extension, legal procedure, boundary description, representation 
 in city council, increased taxation, benefits accruing, etc., etc., etc. It was 
 a trying ordeal for a young man [F. J. Policy]; but every pull of the pump 
 handle brought up pure juice of the law, and every man's little cup of in- 
 quiry was filled. 
 
 May 22 the matter came before the city council again in regular course. 
 The attorney .showed that the boundary descriptions were too indefinite for 
 ai)y legal procedure to rest upon ; and they were referred back to petitioners 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 307 
 
 for correction. In a few weeks the petition came again, with boundaries 
 properly described by official survey points, also taking in I^inda Vista, and 
 having 172 signers. But there were three different remonstrances filed 
 against it ; and the whole matter was dropped. 
 
 By 1889 the boom was pretty well on the down grade. As early as 
 about April i, 1888, Prof. J. D. Yocum had occasion to make public reply 
 to accusations against himself and son in regard to a great land-booming 
 .scheme at L,ucerne, in San Diego county, in which a number of Pasadena 
 men were concerned. And he said : 
 
 " I am sorry for Mr. H. and for ourselves, and for all who suffer be" 
 cause of the collapse of everything at lyucerne. We go down with 
 $100,000, Mr. H. with $20,000, as he reckons ; a number of others with as 
 much or more in proportion to their means ; and who could have avoided 
 the collapse? Who can indemnify?" 
 
 E. C. Webster commenced without capital in 1885, and became one of 
 the most extensive real estate operators and successful " boomers " in Pasa- 
 dena. Yet when the collapse came he went into insolvency, with the fol- 
 lowing statement of assets and liabilities, which I quote as an item of our 
 boom history, from the Star of April 24, 1889 : 
 
 "The following showing is made in the petition : Value of real estate, 
 $169,500 ; value of personal property, $35,054 ; amount of debts due, 
 $50,561 ; amount of incumbrances on real estate, $151,448; amount of in- 
 cumbrances on personal property, $64,892. His creditors number 156, of 
 whom 130 are unsecured. Fifty-two hold Mr. Webster's notes for various 
 amounts." 
 
 Of course there were many other cases analagous to these which did 
 not come into newspaper publicity ; the.se did, and therefore I could cite 
 them as illustrative instances in the great collapse, without being subject fo 
 the charge of trenching upon private affairs. 
 
 AFTKR THE BOOM. 
 
 When the fever-height of the land-gambling mania had passed, there 
 was still some real estate business going on — largely of cases where people 
 were trying to crawl out from under the wreck and unload their holdings at 
 any price. Hence the market went down very low. But here is a case that 
 came through the breakers with colors all flying : 
 
 " lyast week Geo. W. Stimson sold the fine building site known as Grace 
 Hill, near the Raymond, for $25,000. It was in the market at same price 
 three years ago, at height of the boom. The purchaser, Wm. Stanton of 
 Pittsburg, Pa., will build a residence there worthy of the site." — Pasadeyia 
 Standard^ March 2g, 18 go. 
 
 However, the real estate business of 1890 was mostly a clearing up of 
 wreckage. But 1891 began to show up business again. The Star of 
 August 26, 1891, printed a list of 550 transfers during the year, from Jan- 
 
308 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 uary ist to August i, as found in the county records, which made a total 
 sale record of $1,244,585. And the same paper of December 24th said : 
 
 ' ' Today we supplement the record for those seven months by that for 
 the remaining five months of 1891, making the record for the year com- 
 plete — a total of $1,714,195. 
 
 The Board of trade pamphlet of 1892 summarized the boom period and 
 its outcome in this fashion : 
 
 " Pasadena was enveloped in the very center of the greatest boom in 
 improvements and land speculation known in America ; the location, water, 
 soil and climate were the causes. Pasadena has emerged from the fearful 
 shock more beautiful than ever — a clean, well-kept, orderly municipality. 
 A sound, healthful growth is again in progress. * * The temporary'' 
 check that was put upon the progress of the city by the reaction from the 
 speculative fever, was not accompanied by disastrous and panicky interrup- 
 tions to the course of legitimate business. There were no bank failures or 
 serious embarrassments. Today the condition of our banks is better than 
 it ever was ; merchants, manufacturers, railway companies, professional men 
 and other classes of the community have done a better business during the 
 past year than for any similar period since 1888. During 1891 the two 
 National banks and the State bank established here, which are capitalized to 
 the amount of $250,000, did a volume of business amounting to about 
 $40,000,000." 
 
 A table of real estate transactions in Pasadena during 1894, compiled 
 from the county records, gave the following exhibit of values : 
 
 January $ 66,985 May $139,837 September $131,632 
 
 February 45,000 June 93,iii October 82,100 
 
 March 199,635 July 87,000 November 102,086 
 
 April 67,951 August 127,770 December (estimated) 72,119 
 
 Total for the year $1,214,726 
 
 THE BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 The real estate exchange was organized in August, 1887, and com- 
 pri.sed a large proportion of the most enterprising and public-spirited busi- 
 ness men of the city, for nearly everybody went dabbling in real estate 
 ventures in some way. One of the declared objects of that real estate 
 organization was, " To devise, encourage and foster schemes of public im- 
 provement and benefit to the city at large, ' ' etc. Under this the business 
 men learned to confer and work together as an organized body on matters 
 of public concern,- whereas, before it had always depended on some one 
 man to voluntarily stir about and get up an interest in any such master, 
 when the occasion arose. However, it became very evident in a few months 
 that something larger and more comprehensive was needed on this line ; 
 and after being talked over in a general way for some weeks, a public meet- 
 ing was held in Williams hall to take practical action thereon. The meeting 
 was called to order l)y Col. J. Banbtiry, vice-president of the real estate 
 exchange. Col. W. A. Ray, then president of the San Gabriel Valley 
 bank^ was made chairman and H. Iv. Fordham, secretary. Steps were then 
 
DIVIvSION FOUR BOOM. 3O9 
 
 taken and committee appointed to complete the organization of a Board 
 OF Trade ; and the county records give March 22, 1888, as the date of its 
 incorporation. The board of directors named were W. A. Ray, Enoch 
 Knight, J. Banbury, W. U. Masters, J. H. Painter, B. A. O'Neil, and G. 
 A. Swartwout. At a meeting on April 12, 1888, the first permanent organ- 
 ization was effected by electing W. U. Masters, president ; W. A. Ray, 
 vice-president; E. E. Fordham, secretary; G. A. Swartwout, treasurer. The 
 objects and purposes of the organization were thus stated to the public : 
 
 ' ' To arouse and concentrate public opinion upon all matters of vital 
 importance to Pasadena. To gather and disseminate information concerning 
 the resources of Pasadena for the benefit of immigrants, capitalists, and 
 business men seeking homes or investments therein ; to aid and encourage 
 the establishment of such manufactories as may be essential to utilize the 
 various products of the soil ; and to stimulate the establishment of such 
 other industries as may be requisite and necessary for the wants or necessi- 
 ties of the people ; and to aid and encourage the same by securing, when 
 practicable the donation of lands for building and yard. To procure for the 
 city of Pasadena such privileges and concessions from railway and other 
 corporations or individuals as may from time to time be suggested by the 
 wants and necessities of the people, and the business interests of the city. 
 To watch over and aid the business of the city government ; to petition for all 
 needed legislation ; and to bring to bear the true sentiments of the people 
 on behalf of wise and energetic and comprehensive municipal adminis- 
 tration." 
 
 After one year of work a reckoning was made, and I quote results : 
 
 THINGS THE BOARD OF TRADE DID. 
 
 The following is a summary of President W. U. Masters' report at the 
 annual meeting in April, 1889, showing what matters of public interest the 
 Board of Trade has dealt with during the preceding year : 
 
 "The board was organized April 12, 1888, and the first point given atten- 
 tion was a proposition to establish an iron foundry, which came to nothing. 
 Then followed the entertainment of the delegates to the State Democratic 
 convention ; a proposition to establish a fruit cannery made by L,. J. Ben- 
 nett ; appointment of a committee to secure reduction of assessment values ; 
 proposition of M. W. McGee to bore for gas or oil; distribution of real 
 estate exchange pamphlets ; celebration of Memorial Day by invitation of 
 the G. A. R.; proposition to establish a watch factory; celebration of the 
 Fourth of July ; exhibition of stereopticon views in Columbus, O., to several 
 thousand people ; advertising in the Phillips railway guide ; recommendation 
 to the city council to appoint a local board of forestry and to encourage the 
 planting of trees ; the writing of letters to the eastern press by Prof. Holder ; 
 the entertainment of 150 school teachers from the east; entertainment of 
 delegates to the Sovereign Lodge of Odd Fellows ; agitation of the water 
 question and reading of Judge Eaton's address on the subject ; recommenda- 
 tion to the city council to amend ordinance 45 ; the appointment of a com- 
 mittee to devise a system of water supply for the city, and secure better 
 defense from fire ; the obtainment of improved train service to Eos Angeles ; 
 
3IO HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 the eflfort to secure a better cemetery site for the cit}- ; the distribution in 
 the east of photographic views of this city ; the suppression of damaging 
 rumors as to the prevalence of typhoid fever in this cit}^ ; the tender of aid to 
 the suffering poor of Dakota ; entertainment of the Editorial Association of 
 Southern California ; the efforts to secure the establishment of an astro- 
 nomical observatory on Mt. Wilson ; co-operation in the eflfort to obtain 
 relief of debtors under real estate contracts ; memorial to the Legislature 
 for the better protection of fruits ; placing the Harvard telescope on 
 the summit of Mt. Wilson ; work of committee on our agricultural 
 resources who state that $150,000 goes out of Pasadena yearly for fruits, 
 vegetables, etc.; calling upon the ciiy fathers for a financial statement of the 
 city ; the recent work of the board in aid of the construction of a boulevard 
 to Los Angeles ; petition to the city council for rapid transit ; recommenda- 
 tions for a city park, and for a cannery ; action in giving the cantata ; in 
 observing arbor day, and inauguration centennial." 
 
 It must be kept in mind that 1888 was a "boom" year, in order to better 
 understand the many grand business projects above mentioned which never 
 existed except in talk or on paper. 
 
 The Pasadena Standard of January 12, 1889, gave a few additional 
 points, thus : 
 
 "The president of the Board of Trade reports that out of 154 who 
 originally signed for membership, only fifty have become members. The 
 board sent photograph views to fifteen eastern cities to be put up in frames 
 and publicly exhibited. The views selected were : The public librarj^ 
 Wilson grammar school, Monks Hill school, Universalist church, E. F. 
 Hurlbut's residence, Colorado street (looking west), Colorado street (looking 
 east), Richardson villa, Pickwick club rooms, Y. M. C. A. building, H. H. 
 Markham's residence, Marengo avenue, Raymond Hotel, Sierra Madre 
 mountains, Devil's Gate, Painter Hotel, Cascade in Millard canyon." 
 
 May 15, 1889, United States Senators Hoar of Massachusetts, Pugh of 
 Alabama, Allison of Iowa, and Dolph of Oregon, visited Pasadena, and 
 were driven about the city, under auspices of Board of Trade. And in all 
 public interests of this nature, or any matter coming properly within its 
 purvnew, the Board of Trade continued to be active, energetic, prompt and 
 useful. 
 
 In 1892 the board again issued a 40-page pamphlet with close print on 
 large sized page, and many photogravure illustrations. The text was 
 written by Theodore Coleman, city editor of the Daily Star. At this time 
 the ofiBcers were: W. U. Masters, president; J. A. Buchanan, vice-presi- 
 dent; M. E. Wood, treasurer; Webster Wotkyns, secretary. And standing 
 committees of five members each were maintained on manufactures, on edu- 
 cation and publications, on public meetings, on railroads and tran.sportation, 
 on streets and parks, on health and sanitation, on advertising and fairs, on 
 receptions. This will show what a field of volunteer endeavor for the public 
 welfare this organization aimed to fill. In this 1892 pamphlet was a list of 
 its members — 148 in all. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 31I 
 
 Its officers in 1894 were : President, Prof. C. H. Keyes, president of 
 Throop Polytechnic Institute; vice-president, Prof. T. S. C. lyowe ; treasurer, 
 P. M. Green ; secretary, W. H. Knight ; directors, Keyes, A. G. Throop, 
 lyowe, M. D. Painter, Theo. Coleman, Herman R. Hertel, M. H. Weight. 
 [^Later — Knight resigned, and M. E. Wood was elected secretary, 1894-95.] 
 
 TABLK OP CORPORATE ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 By the kindness of Mr. H. N. Farey, who searched the records for me, 
 I am able to present here a complete alphabetical list of all associations 
 which have ever been incorporated with Pasadena as their recorded place of 
 business, up to July i, 1895. However, the original colony, or "San 
 Gabriel Orange Grove Association," was incorporated before there was any 
 Pasadena, and it named lyos Angeles as its place of business. And the 
 Mutual Orchard Company, whose plant was here, named Oakland as its 
 place of business, its members mostly residing there. Our two National 
 Banks do not appear on the county records, their registry being in the 
 national archives at Washington. 
 
 TITLE OF ASSOCIATION. DATE WHEN INCORPORATED. 
 
 Almondale Company January 28, 1892 
 
 All Saints Church June 21, 1886 
 
 Arroj'o Seco Water Company February 18, 1887 
 
 Brown Mountain Mining Company March 28, 1887 
 
 California Commercial Company November 18, 1888 
 
 California Olive Company May 15, 1885 
 
 California Universalist Convention February 4, 1889 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church of Pasadena November 9, 1888. 
 
 Carlton Block Company March 9, 1893 
 
 Champion Mining and Milling Company May 22, 1885 
 
 Christian Church of Pasadena May 17, 1886. 
 
 City of Pasadena [as a city of the .sixth class] June 14, 1886 
 
 City Railway Company of Pasadena November 17, 1886 
 
 City of South Pasadena [as a city of the sixth class] February ... 1888 
 
 Colorado Street Railroad Company March 20, 1886 
 
 Consumers Gas and Electric Company March 25, 1893 
 
 Cottonwood Canyon Water Company October 29, 1892 
 
 Crown Steam Eaundry August 15, 1893 
 
 Davis Dental Manufacturing Company December 31, 1 894 
 
 Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church December 23, 1886 
 
 Exchange Block Company [Carlton Hotel] June 2, 1886 
 
 Fairmont Land and Water Companv March 12, 1888 
 
 First African Methodist Church August 24, 1892 
 
 First Baptist Church of Pasadena March 24, 1886 
 
 First Congregational Church of Pasadena December 10,1885 
 
 First Free Methodist Church of Pasadena September 6, 1888 
 
 First German Baptist Church of Pasadena December 27, 1877 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pasadena December 31, 1883 
 
 First National Bank of Pasadena, No. 3,499. [Successor 
 
 to Pasadena Bank.] National charter dated May 10, 1886 
 
 First Universalist Parish of Pasadena January 22, 1887 
 
312 m.STOKY OV PASADKNA. 
 
 Hermosa Land and Water Company January 7, 1 882 
 
 Highland Railroad Company March 2, 1888 
 
 Holland Manufacturing Company April 27, 1888 
 
 Hotel Green Company March 26, 1891 
 
 Kansas Street Improvement Company March 18, 1 888 
 
 La Canyada Land and Water Company November 9, 1887 
 
 Lake Vineyard Land aud Water Association May 7, 1876 
 
 Lake View Land Company May 13, 1894 
 
 Las Flores Water Company June to, 1885 
 
 Linda Vista Improvement Company November 25, 1887 
 
 Lordsburg Land Company March 3, 1889 
 
 Loris Gold Mining Company June 9, 1 894 
 
 Los Angeles and Pasadena Tulare Improvement Co September 10, 1887 
 
 Mechanics' Association of Pasadena July 23, 1887 
 
 Memorial Baptist Church of South Pasadena December 20, 1890 
 
 Millard Canyon Water Company April 14, 1887 
 
 Montclair Children's Home December 20, 1893 
 
 Mountain View Water Company November i, 1887 
 
 Munger & Griffith Company January 3, 1895. 
 
 Mutual Building and Loan Association of Pasadena July 18, 1892 
 
 Mutual Orchard Company [Office at Oakland, Cal.] June 15, 1877 
 
 News Publishing Company October 6, 1 894 
 
 North Congregational Church of Pasadena July 23, 1889 
 
 North Pasadena Land and Water Company January 15, 1885 
 
 North Pasadena Methodist Episcopal Church June 17, 1891 
 
 Occidental Mutual Aid Association December 15, i! 
 
 Park Nursery Company April 18, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Bank [afterward First National] November 21, iJ 
 
 Pasadena Board of Trade March 22, 1888 
 
 Pasadena Building and Loan Association June 8, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Cemetery Association December 13, 1882 
 
 Pasadena Contracting and Building Company September 29, 1893 
 
 Pasadena Electric Light and Power Company January 31, 1888 
 
 Pasadena Fruit and Crystalizing Company November 13, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Fruit Growers Association December 6, 1 893 
 
 Pasadena Gas Company March 26, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Gas and Electric Company May 8, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Gardening Company January 16, 1890 
 
 Pasadena Gold Mining Company November 23, 1888 
 
 Pasadena Grand Opera House Company March 21,1 887 
 
 Pasadena Highland Fruit Association May 12, 1894 
 
 Pasadena Highland Water Company November r, 1890 
 
 Pasadena Improvement Company February 9, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Investment Association August 3, 1 887 
 
 Pasadena and Kern County Land and Water Company. .December 12, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company January 29, 1884 
 
 Pasadena Land and Water Company [successor to the 
 
 original colony or "vSan Gabriel Orange Grove Ass'n"].. March 18, 1882 
 
 Pasadena Library and Village Improvement Society December 26, 1882 
 
 Pasadena Lodge 173, Independent Order Good Templars.. Novem])er 21, i88r 
 
 Pasadena, Los Angeles & Long lieach Railroad Co vScptemlier 12, 1887 
 
 Pasadena & Los Angeles Railway Company January 21, 1888 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 313 
 
 Pasadena Lumber Company December 20, 1883 
 
 Pasadena Manufacturing Company ..December 10, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Mining and Developing Company August 7, 1888 
 
 Pasadena Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of 
 
 Friends February 5, 1887 
 
 Pasadena and Mount Wilson Railway Company June 3, 1891 
 
 Pasadena and Mount Wilson Toll Road Company June 22, 1889 
 
 Pasadena Mutual Burial Association October 12, 1892 
 
 Pasadena National Bank, No, 3,568 — National charter... October 11, 1886 
 
 Pasadena Packing Company May 7, 1891 
 
 Pasadena Park Tract Land and Water Company July 7, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Patent Improvement Company July 23, 1890 
 
 Pasadena Presbyterian Church November 20, 1876 
 
 Pasadena Quarterly Meeting Society of Friends [Whittier], May 16, 1891 
 
 Pasadena Railway Company November 27, 1886 
 
 Pasadena, Ramona & Long Beach Railway Company.... March 21, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Real Estate Exchange May 17, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Rincon Land and Water Company August 16, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Savings Bank May 18, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Security Investment Company February 9, 1895 
 
 Pasadena Steam Laundry February 9, 1887 
 
 Pasadena Street Railroad Company February 18, 1886 
 
 Pasadena & Wilson Peak Railroad Company June 11, 1887 
 
 Ra3^nor Springs Water Company June 21, 1 893 
 
 Rubio Canyon Land and Water Company February 24, 1886 
 
 San Gabriel Orange Grove Association [the original 
 
 colony of Pasadena] November 13, 1873 
 
 San Gabriel Valley Bank of Pasadena February 6, 1886 
 
 San Gabriel Valley Fruit Company April 27, 1893 
 
 San Rafael Water Company February 15, 1887 
 
 Sierra Madre College April i , 1 884 
 
 Southern Oil Company March 23, 1895 
 
 South Pasadena 'Bus and Transfer Company March 21, 1888 
 
 South Pasadena Hotel Company April 24, 1888 
 
 South Pasadena Methodist Episcopal Church April 25, 1887 
 
 Star Publishing Company April 22, 1890 
 
 Throop University September 12, 1891 
 
 Union Club of Pasadena July 8, 1887 
 
 Union Publishing Company June 16, 1887 
 
 Union Savings Bank January 30, 1895 
 
 Valley Hunt Club November 23, 1892 
 
 Waukena, Tulare and Mammoth Forest R. R. Company, January 23, 1888. 
 
 West Pasadena Railroad Company January 14, 1888. 
 
 WilHam R. Staats Company October 4, 1894. 
 
 Willamette Lumber Company.... August 25, 1894. 
 
 Wilson Peak Mining Company. August 16, 1887. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association October 20, 1886, 
 
 Of the incorporations above noted there were : 
 
 Religious organizations 25 Municipal incorporations 2 
 
 Land and Water Companies 19 Mining companies 6 
 
 Water companies 8 Miscellaneous bodies ._53 
 
 Railroad companies 12 Total 125 
 
314 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The following table of the number of incorporations formed in succes- 
 sive years makes a curious exhibit of the culmination and decline of Pasa- 
 dena's great historic " boom,' ' 1886 to 1888 : 
 
 In 1873 — I In 1882 — 4 In 1886 — 20 In 1890 — 5 In 1894 — 6 
 
 1876 — 2 1883 — 2 1887 — 24 1891— 6 1895 — 4 
 
 1877— I 1884—3 1888—18 1892—6 
 
 1881— I 1885—5 1889— 4 1893—8 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Pasadena's Chief Historic Days. — Orange Grove Colony Day. — President Hayes 
 Day. — Citrus Fair Days. — Railroad Opening Days. — National G. A. R. Day. — Presi- 
 dent Harrison Day. — Prof. Lowe Day. — Father Throop Day; and sundry others. 
 
 HISTORIC DAYS. 
 
 This chapter is devoted chiefly to a record of such days as form dis- 
 tinctive waymarks in the progress of Pasadena's wonderful growth. It also 
 includes some daj^s on which occurred events of more than ordinary historic 
 interest or association. But it would require a whole volume by it.self to 
 attempt an account of all the tournaments, fairs, Fourth of Julys, memorial 
 day parades, torchlight processions, ratification meetings, jollifications, 
 state conventions, notable excursion visits, distinguished guest receptions, 
 and other such exceptional public affairs as have flooded Pasadena with ex- 
 citement for a day, at frequent intervals all through the passing years. 
 They are so numerous as to have become quite commonplace ; yet a few of 
 them stand out with features of prominence as public events that do call for 
 historic recognition. 
 
 ORANGE GROVE COLONY DAY. 
 
 Pasadena's first distinctively historic day was January 27, 1874, when 
 the twenty-seven original shareholders of the colony lands made selection 
 and took formal pos.se.s.sion of their several plats of ground, [See pages 108 
 and 125.] 
 
 FIRST RE-UNION PICNIC DAY. 
 
 On January 27, 1876, the colonists held their first general re-union 
 
 picnic, in their fine grove of native oaks, now known as Lincoln Park. 
 
 This was the colony's anniversary day, and they had for speakers Hon. 
 
 Coker F. Clarkson of Iowa, Col. John F. Godfrey of Los Angeles, and 
 
 others. [See page in.] 
 
 prf:sident hayes day. 
 
 In October, 1880, president Rutherford B. Hayes and wife visited Los 
 Angeles and were made the guests of the Southern California Horticultural 
 Society, which was then holding its annual Fair in the great pavilion 
 erected in 1S78 on Temple street, where a grand public reception was given 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 315 
 
 them. One of the original colonists of Pasadena was J. M. Matthews, 
 brother of Hon. Stanley Matthews, U. S. Senator from Ohio, and maternal 
 half-brother to Mrs. Hayes. Mr. Matthews' colony tract was 60 acres, ex- 
 tending from Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo drive, and included the ground 
 now occupied by the fine residences of E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe 
 and Mrs. Col. Baker. He built a house on the hill where Mrs. Baker's 
 elegant mansion now stands (18^5) and he and Thomas F. Croft " kept 
 bach " there together. Mr. Matthews was a man of superior talent, but was 
 wrecked by strong drink. He had been a prominent editor at Indianapolis ; 
 and in order to get him away from drinking influences his friends had in- 
 duced him to join the Pasadena colony, hoping that by these better associa- 
 tions and surroundings he might be improved. This hope proved vain, for 
 he continued to drink here, and had fits of delirium tremens, from which 
 Dr. O. H. Conger twice saved his life ; and most of the colony families 
 were kind to him, for he was an excellent man apart from his drink habit. 
 When Hayes received the nomination for president in 1875, Matthews was 
 possessed to go back and take part in the campaign ; and he determined to 
 sell his place and go. Mrs. Hayes had kept up a sisterly interest in and 
 care for this inebriate brother — in fact seemed to have a special oversight ot 
 his affairs, and had been in correspondence with Mr. Croft for some months 
 about the matter. Mr. Croft finally bought Matthews' place, upon an un- 
 derstanding with Mrs. Hayes and other friends ; but instead of letting him 
 take part in the campaign for his brother-in-law's election to the presidency, 
 they sent him to an inebriate asylum. Mrs. Hayes had a strong desire to 
 see the place where her poor wreck of a brother had lived, and the people 
 who had been so kind to him ; and this desire of hers was the real ground 
 and incentive of the presidential visit to Pasadena. 
 
 The families of Messrs. A. O. Porter and P. M. Green had only a few 
 hours notice that the president was coming, and they sent word around 
 as well as they could to their colony neighbors within reach, a number 
 of whom came to assist them in making preparations for the great occa- 
 sion. They talked of putting up a floral arch across the driveway leading 
 from Sylvan Avenue up to Mr. Green's house, but the time was too short for 
 this. And all they could do was to send a mounted escort to meet the party, 
 besides having some little girls ready to present them with Pasadena flowers 
 and fruits, and give the guests a warm greeting, for they were expected any 
 minute for two hours before they did finally arrive. 
 
 J. DeBarth Shorb, being president of the Agricultural Society that year, 
 had the president and wife in charge as guests of the society, and brought 
 them out to Pasadena in his carriage, heading the procession. In the next 
 carriage was Gen. Geo. Stoneman and Gov. Geo. C. Perkins, accompanied 
 by Gen. W. T. Sherman and his daughter Rachel ; and there were several 
 other carriages following, but by whom occupied I could not learn. They 
 
3l6 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 were all engaged to take dinner at General Stoneman's house on his I^os 
 Robles ranch, and get back to Los Angeles by nightfall. Mrs. Stoneman 
 was at home keeping the victuals hot ; and the general was full of anxiety 
 and hurr>^ to shorten all ceremonies and hasten movements. The galloping 
 instincts of a cavalry officer were still strong upon him. The visitors were 
 met on Mission street in South Pasadena by Masters Whit. Elliott, Morton 
 Banbury and Will. Clapp, all on horseback to escort them up to Columbia 
 street. But when the dust of the carriages signaled their approach Mr. 
 Green ran down his picturesque private driveway to Sylvan Avenue, and 
 there meeting the president's carriage, which was much in advance of the 
 others, he led them up to the lawn at the north front of his house. Here 
 they were met and welcomed in a very brief speech by A. O. Porter, who 
 was president of the colony association that year. Three little girls, Lulu 
 Porter, Agnes Elliott and Winnie Farnsworth, dressed in white and bearing 
 baskets of fresh flowers and fruits, were lifted up to the carriage to present 
 their tokens of welcome, and were kissed by President and Mrs. Hayes, the 
 latter being especially cordial and pleasant to the children. The president 
 was then introduced to each of the gentlemen, and Mrs. Hayes to the ladies 
 present. Of the colony people there, I have only been able to ascertain cer- 
 tainly the names of A. O. Porter and wife; P. M. Green and wife; Maj. 
 Erie Locke and wife ; Thomas F. Croft ; Mrs. Dr. Elliott ; Mrs. Rosen- 
 baum ; James Cambell, with his two sons, Samuel St. John and James H.; 
 and Charles H. Watts. 
 
 Meanwhile the rest of the party, with Gen. Stoneman, Gov. Perkins,* 
 and Gen. Sherman and daughter in first carriage, instead of turning up Mr. 
 Green's driveway continued on Sylvan Avenue up to Columbia street near 
 Mr. Porter's house, where two old soldiers of Sherman's army saluted him, 
 one of whom the general recognized, calling him familiarly by name, and 
 stopped to have a little talk. This was Alexander Edwards, who had been 
 a company officer under Sherman, but at this time resided on his 12-acre lot 
 at corner of Columbia street and P'air Oaks Avenue — now the Rev. Dr. 
 Miller estate. The other man, Enio Brenna, Gen. Sherman did not remem- 
 ber by face or name (although he had served as a cavalryman in the famous 
 " marching through Georgia"), but of course greeted him cordially as an 
 old soldier. Mr. Brenna was then living in a shanty at J. F, Barcus's place. 
 [See footnote, page 151.] 
 
 While Gens. Sherman and Stoneman were engaged with this little 
 episode, the President's carriage had driven rapidly up Orange Grove 
 Avenue to about where Bellefontaine Avenue now crosses it, so that Mrs. 
 Hayes might see the place where her brother had lived — a frame house 
 then owned by Thos. F. Croft, where Mrs. Col. Baker's elegant residence 
 on the hill now stands; and here Mr. Croft had a brief talk with Mrs, 
 
 *Geo. C. I'erkius was jjoveiuor orCaliforiiia (roiii I^8o lo ih83, then siK-cee<leil by Stoiuinau. 
 
DIVISION FOUR— BOOM. 317 
 
 Hayes about her brother's affairs, he having been Mr. Matthews's agent in 
 the original selection of the place, lived with him there, and finally took it 
 off his hands when he was determined to go back ea.st during Hayes' can- 
 didacy. Meanwhile Gen. Sherman suddenly missed the president's car- 
 riage — it was nowhere in sight, and he showed considerable excitement, 
 almost alarm, for a few moments, about the president's sudden and mys- 
 terious disappearance, for he knew nothing of Mrs. Hayes' special interest 
 in persons and places here, and supposed their carriage was close by. The 
 General, however, soon learned where they had gone, and drove up the 
 avenue to join them. Mr. Cambell's home was then on the south part of 
 the same hill, or what is now the McGregory place, next south of Prof. 
 T. S. C. Lowe's magnificent dwelling, and he hastened home to tell his wife 
 about the visiting party, as she had not been able to go to the reception ; so 
 they stood out on their veranda fronting Orange Grove Avenue and saluted 
 the whole party as they returned down the avenue under Gen. Stoneman's 
 lead, making haste to that waiting dinner at his ranch house. 
 
 The reason why so few of the colony people were at this historic re- 
 ception was, that many of them were in Los Angeles at the time, attending 
 the Agricultural Fair. Miss Jennie Clapp (now Mrs. Culver) was there, 
 and assisted in waiting on the tables at the banquet given to the presidential 
 party. And others of the colonists resided so far from Mr. Porter's place 
 that word could not be sent to them in time, hence they did not know of the 
 notable visitation until it was all past. 
 
 On the same day Gen. Sherman had called upon and paid his respects 
 to Dona Refugio Bandini, who then resided in Los Angeles ; for he had 
 been a favored guest at her house in San Diego in the days when he was 
 only a young lieutenant (1847) and she was the queen of .society in San 
 Diego city and all that part of the .state. 
 
 The work of collecting data and writing a history sometimes becomes 
 itself a part of the history, and I have here a case in point, sufficiently curi- 
 ous and interesting to be worthy of mention. During a period of five 
 weeks I made diligent inquiry for facts about the visit of President Hayes to 
 Pasadena, having during those weeks consulted 33 different persons who re- 
 sided here at the time ; but not one of them could give me the day of the 
 month, nor even the year, nor could they be certain whether it was in Sep- 
 tember or October. However, a clue was given me in regard to the Horti- 
 cultural P'air and its new building on Temple street, and by following this 
 clue through some old records I settled on October, 1878, [?] as the time of 
 the visit. No one of the 33 persons I had .seen remembered that Gov. Per- 
 kins was one of the vi.siting party ; and the great bulky " History of Los 
 Angeles County," pretending to give a table of notable events year by year, 
 utterly fails to mention this visit of President Hayes and Gen. Sherman to 
 Los Angeles, notwithstanding they had a great pubhc reception and banquet 
 
3l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 there but it does me^ition a visit of Gen. Butler there the same year. After 
 I bad got m)' story of "President Hayes Day " all written out, supposing it 
 to embody the bottom facts, I learned that the old soldier, Alex. Edwards, 
 who had been named to me as a "teamster" in Sherman's army, was still 
 living at San Jacinto ; and I wrote to him asking for some particulars of the 
 affair. From him I received the following letter : 
 
 San Jacinto, Cat,., October 19, 1894. 
 
 Dp;ar Comrade : — Gen. Sherman, Gov. Perkins, and President Hayes 
 and wife drove through Pasadena in the last week in October, 1880 (not in 
 1878, as you have it). Indiana was an October state then [for state election], 
 and President Hayes was congratulating Mr. A. O. Porter on the election of 
 his brother for Governor of Indiana. The president was anxious to get 
 home in time to vote for Garfield. 
 
 I was in the w^ar four years — three fights to one eat — and commanded 
 the company for three j^ears. I also served two terms in the Mexican war. 
 I served under Sherman at Vicksburg ; and also knew him before the war, 
 while he lived in Louisiana.* Alex. Edwards. 
 
 FIRST CITRUS FAIR DAY. 
 
 The next historic day of special mark was March 24, 1880, when the 
 colony held its first Citrus Fair, in the central school building, and made 
 public exhibit of such fruit products as were already matured. It was a 
 marvellous success, was reported extensively in the newspapers, and gave 
 the colony a widespread fame. D. M. Graham, who died in 1893, wrote an 
 account of it for L. M. Holt's agricultural paper then published at Riv^erside, 
 and from his report I gather, that papers were read at the Fair, on Pasa- 
 dena's past history and future prospects, and on various horticultural topics, 
 by Judge B. S. Eaton, Col. J. Banbury, Hon. J. F. Crank, Dr. O. H. Con- 
 ger, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, D. M. Berry and D. M. Graham. Mr. Graham 
 stated that Mrs. Locke had shipped to San Francisco some limes which 
 averaged 900 to the orange box, and sold for $8 per box. As to future 
 prospects he remarked : "Our 125 families must swell to 2,000." And he 
 lived to see the swell reach twice that number. From Mr. Graham's paper 
 I make the following extract, which gives some idea of how the colony 
 appeared at that time : 
 
 "To a cluster of homes about eight miles northeast of Los Angeles, 
 the name Pa.sadena was given by earlier .settlers. Its short history of six 
 years has made tho.se homes beautiful l)eyond the most sanguine hopes of its 
 founders. The streets are clear of weeds ; the five to sixty acre lots are 
 enclosed by neat hedges of limes and Monterey cypress ; the tasteful houses 
 are generally .set far back from the street and reached by a well-kept drive 
 through the orange orchard, whose soil is kept scrupulously clean and mel- 
 
 *c;en. Sherman came to California in 1847, as a I.ient. in .id V. S, Artilk-ry ; came by slii]) aronnd 
 Cape Horn, to San Diejjo. C",en. Stoneman came two or three months earlier, overland, as I.icnt. in l-'irst 
 V. S. dragoons, but actinRCiuartermaster of the Mormon Battalion. Sherman served here until 1S50, most 
 of the time as acting .\djt. C.eneral under the military ^o^'ernors, and of co\irse he and Stoneman were 
 army comrades then. In 1850-60 he was sujierintenden't of the State Military .\cademy at New Orleans, 
 Lonsiana. where .Mr. lidwartis first knew him : and that is how it happened that he recognized Kdwards 
 so familiarly, but did not know the okl cavalryman, Ivnio Hrenna. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 319 
 
 low ; further back thrive all the fruits of the temperate and many of the 
 torrid zone ; a team of horses, a carriage, a cow, sometimes a pig and 
 chickens complete the picture. We have ceased to be an experiment. We 
 are an acknowledged success. To have failed would have been the basest 
 ingratitude to Nature." 
 
 See some further account of this first Fair, written by Hon. P. M. Green. 
 
 page 112. 
 
 SECOND GREAT CITRUS FAIR. 
 
 The next eventful day that seems to call for special historic recognition 
 was the second general Citrus Fair, which was held on March 3, 4, 5, 6, 
 1885, in the roller skating rink on the corner of Fair Oakes Avenue and 
 Dayton street, where the large three-story Doty block now stands. The 
 principal address was a learned presentation of the history and quality of all 
 the citrus fruits, by Abbot Kinney. Mayor E. F. Spence of Los Angeles 
 presented the greeting of that city, and from his brief address I quote the 
 following passages : 
 
 "A few years ago, on my way to the Mission San Gabriel, I traveled 
 over the rancho, a part of which we now stand upon ; and had it then been 
 tendered to me as a gift with the obligation on my part that I should pay all 
 the taxes, I verily believe I should have rejected the offer, and charged the 
 would-be donor with considering me a tender-foot. I am almost ashamed to 
 make the statement, as it is a confession of my own lack of foresight, and 
 inability to comprehend the immediate coming greatness of our Southern 
 country. 
 
 The old San Pasqual Rancho is transformed ; the Major Domo and his 
 subordinates are dead ; the vaquero, the shepherd and his dogs are seen and 
 heard no more, for the old things have passed away and behold all things 
 have become new. 
 
 Pasadena ! The city of lyos Angeles is proud of her little sister. 
 
 Pasadena ! The county of Los Angeles ought to be proud to have such 
 a jewel in her setting. 
 
 Pasadena ! The happy home of cultured men and women, intelligent 
 and well-trained men and maidens. 
 
 Pasadena ! Protected by the rugged Sierra from the desert blasts and 
 northern winds, who can foretell thy greatness ? 
 
 Is it too much to expect that ere long Los Angeles city will extend her 
 boundaries and capture this golden prize and rnake it a part of her rich 
 municipality ? 
 
 What a grand boulevard would then be constructed through Lincoln 
 Park and the Arroyo Seco ! 
 
 It takes not the ken of a prophet to tell that the habitations of both 
 places will soon spread out and touch each other. 
 
 Pasadena ! In the name of Los Angeles city, I greet thee again ! " 
 
 This Pair was gotten up by the officers of the Public Library, and all 
 profits from admission fees went to the Library fund. The Fair was held 
 four days, the third (March 5th) being "IOWA DAY," when 195 settlers 
 here from Iowa registered their names and the county in Iowa from which 
 
320 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 they came to California. On this day Dr. J. P. Widney of Los Angeles 
 gave an able and philosophical address on the workings of climate as a 
 factor in human history, or as he styled it, " The Climatic Belts of Civiliza- 
 tion." 
 
 There were over twenty varieties of oranges on exhibition, seventeen 
 of which were mentioned by name in a report for the Valley Union made by 
 Byron O. Clark. And Bayard T. Smith exhibited an orange just picked 
 from the tree where it had remained since 1881 — four years. 
 
 On March 17th the Fair committee made the following report to the 
 Library trustees : Receipts from the Fair, $489. Receipts from the play, 
 $207. Total, $696. Expenses, $165. Balance turned into Library treas- 
 ury, $531. [See page 204.] 
 
 S. Cr. V. RAILROAD DAY. 
 
 Next comes the opening day of the San Gabriel Valley Railroad (now 
 the Santa Fe), on September 11, 1885, which was at that time considered 
 the greatest event that had yet transpired in Pasadena's history, and every- 
 body turned out with zeal and enthusiasm to celebrate the grand occasion, 
 [See chapter 22.] 
 
 NATIONAL G. A. R. DAY. 
 
 August 17, 1886, witnessed the visit to Pasadena of the National G. A. R. 
 Encampment, which met that year in San Francisco. This visitation was 
 one of Pasadena's great historic days, and I quote some particulars in re- 
 gard to it from a report in the Pasadejta Uiiion of August 20 : 
 
 "Augu.st 17 was 'Pasadena Day' in the program of G. A. R. festivities, 
 and right royally did queen Pasadena prepare for the occasion. She 
 .sprinkled her streets far and wide, and laid the dust so thoroughly that none 
 enjoyed it more than the inhabitants themselves, who were so well plea.sed 
 with it that they wished it could be done all the time. The city was 
 decorated. The Exchange block, Wetherby & Harris' store, Cruickshank 
 & Co.'s store, Ward Bros.' block. Mills block, the Union office, 5/ar office, 
 Wooster's building, the Grand Hotel, and the Los Angeles House, were 
 notable instances ; while to a lesser degree the good work was very generally 
 carried out. 
 
 " Over the entrance to the stores in Ivxchaiige block, where the banquet 
 was spread, was a huge sign, ''A cordial welcome to the Grand Army of the 
 Republic and visitors," painted in fine style by Stewart; while over the 
 entrance was a portrait of Grant, by the same arti.st, with the motto : "The 
 Nation's Hero — He is not dead." The bancjuet halls themselves were 
 handsomely ornamented with festoons of the national colors, photographs 
 by Frost of notable views in the vicinity ; and, best of all, some beautiful 
 banana plants. 
 
 " The eatables were there in profusion - melons, fruits, meats, bread- 
 stuffs, jellies and sweet-meats, provided with lavish hand, and ready to be 
 served on four long tables .seating .seventy-five persons each, or 300 at a sitting, 
 and served by the fair hands of Pa.sadena's ladies, who rallied with a will to 
 do honor to the country's defenders. The guests came in force, twelve car- 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 32 I 
 
 loads, and numbering fully a thousand, for that many railroad tickets were 
 sold, and nearly as many more must have come by other conveyances, as 
 fully 1800 people must have been fed at the banquet tables ; and many 
 sought food elsewhere when they got tired of waiting for their turns in the 
 endless procession that for hours filed in and out of the banqueting halls. 
 
 ' ' The visitors were met at the station by the Pasadena band and 
 escorted to Williams' hall — that is, as many of them as could get in — 
 where the preliminary exercises of the day were had. Mayor Holmes called 
 the multitude to order and introduced Major J. D. Gilchrist, commander of 
 the G. A. R. Post here, who in stirring words welcomed the visitors to 
 Pasadena, and cordially invited them to remain and make homes here. 
 Response was made with three rousing cheers for Pasadena. 
 
 " Major Bell, editor of the Porcupine, gave a stirring and characteristic 
 address, in which he recalled the interesting fact — highly creditable to 
 himself — that he was one of the only two soldiers furnished to the Union 
 cause by Los Angeles during the war. lyos Angeles was then excessively 
 pro-slavery ; and while she had soldiers ad lib. for the rebel army, furnished 
 only two fighting men for the Union. 
 
 "The company were then dismissed to dinner, which had long been 
 waiting, and were served as rapidly as possible, by the numerous citizens on 
 hand to assist. Gen. Bennett, department commander of Indiana, Col. 
 Robinson of Ohio, and Sheriff Gard of lyos Angeles, vice-commander of the 
 department of California, were among the distinguished visitors of the day. 
 
 " A floral wreath and bells in the banquet hall were made by Dr. 
 Rachel F. Reid of this place, an old Army Nurse. She was the first woman 
 ever mustered into the army hospital service west of Washington, having 
 enlisted in St. lyouis in September, 186 1, under Gen. Fremont. 
 
 ' ' An event that will live in history is the hauling in a carriage by en- 
 thusiastic ' vets ' of four members of the ' Old John Brown ' family, who 
 live here. Jason and Owen Brown, Mrs. Ruth Brown Thompson and her 
 husband, Henry Thompson, have long been residents here, and were objects 
 of the enthusiastic admiration of the boys-in-blue, so much so that in the 
 course of the afternoon they were got into C. C. Brown's fine carriage, the 
 horses taken off and a long rope attached, and for a half hour or more they 
 were hauled up and down the streets by the soldiers, singing, 'John Brown's 
 body lies mouldering in the grave; His soul is marching on!'''' Jason 
 Brown is exceedingly modest, even to bashfulness, and he protested with all 
 his power against the embarrassing publicity thus given them, while Mrs. 
 Thompson's womanly heart broke down at the starting of the historic song, 
 and she wept during almost the entire time. However, it was all meant in 
 kindness, and they will doubtless forgive the old soldier friends whose en- 
 thusiasm thus constrained them to trespass upon their privacy.* 
 
 " Among the historic incidents of the day, Dr. H. A. Reid of Pasadena, 
 wore the identical badge (first division sixth army corps) which he wore in the 
 battlesof the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, etc. He was 
 then chaplain of the fifth regiment Wisconsin volunteers, and also member 
 for Wisconsin of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, and was within a few rods 
 of Gen. Sedgwick, when that noble officer was killed in the battle of Spott- 
 sylvania. 
 
 *In the Union of August 27, 1886, a card was published, signed by Jason and Owen Brown, Ruth 
 and Henry Thompson, thanking the old soldiers for their kind remembrance. 
 
 21 
 
322 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 "There was in the procession and in Williams' hall the old battle flag 
 of the 85th Missouri regiment, which was carried in the bloody battle of 
 Pea Ridge and sixteen other fights in Missouri. This old battle-torn and 
 tattered flag is now owned by Frank Bartlett Post G. A. R., of Los An- 
 geles." 
 
 RAYMOND HOTEL DAY. 
 
 November 17, 1886, was opening day of the great Raymond hotel, 
 which was an affair of local importance second only to the building of the 
 S. G. V. railroad, and was therefore a notable event in Pasadena's history. 
 [See Chapter 24.] 
 
 EDITORIAL ASSOCIATION DAY. 
 
 December 19, 1888, the parlors of the Carlton hotel in Pasadena were 
 occupied b)^ an assemblage of editors, who made the day historic by organ- 
 izing here an association, which still continues. A brief report of the mat- 
 ter I quote from the Pasadena Standard of December 22 : 
 
 ' ' About thirty newspaper men assembled in Pasadena last Wednesday 
 and organized the Editorial Association of Southern California. L- M. Holt 
 of the San Bernardino Times was elected president, and W. L- Vail of the 
 Pasadena Star, secretary. On motion the chair appointed Dr. H. A. Reid 
 of Pasadena, O. A. Stevens of lyos Angeles, George Rice of Alhambra, 
 Scipio Craig of Redlands, and D. M. Baker of Santa Ana, a committee on 
 organization. Committee's report adopted. H. J. Vail of Pasadena, Scipio 
 Craig of Redlands, W. H.' Nixon of Santa Barbara, H. E. Boothby of 
 Fresno, and Warren Wilson of San Diego were appointed committee on 
 Constitution and By-Eaws, to report at first annual meeting, at Chamber of 
 Commerce in Los Angeles, the second Tuesday of January, 1889. Thirty- 
 three names were enrolled for membership. The Pasadena Board of Trade 
 gave them a banquet at the Carlton hotel. A free excursion over the 
 Altadena railroad, and free seats at the Pickwick Club minstrel enter- 
 tainment were also accepted." 
 
 OWEN brown's funeral DAY. 
 
 January 10, 1889, was a day of pre-eminent historic associations in 
 Pasadena, as connected with the funeral of Owen Brown. Of all the news- 
 paper reports published at that time, that of the Pasadena Standard of Jan- 
 uary 12 contained much the greatest embodiment of history points pertinent 
 to the notable occasion, and hence I quote from it : 
 
 funeral of OWEN BROWN, THE LAST SURVIVOR OF JOHN BROWN 'S 
 HISTORIC RAID ON HARPER'S FERRY, VA., IN 1859. 
 
 Died, at the residence of his brother-in-law, Henry Thompson, in this 
 cit}', on Januarj' 8, 1889, Owen Brown, aged 64 years, 2 months and 4 days. 
 
 Owen Brown was born at Hudson, Ohio, November 4, 1824, and was 
 the third son of John Brown's first family, there being twenty children in all. 
 
 Owen was with his father all through the struggle between the free 
 state men and border ruffians in Kansas in 1856 and following years, and 
 took part in the first pitched battle at Black Jack on the Mi.ssouri and Kan- 
 sas border, and also at Ossawatomie where his j'ounger l)rother, an un- 
 armed lad, was deliberately shot down in the street. Jason was also in 
 these battles. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 323 
 
 Owen was with his father at Harper's Ferry, a participant in that mem- 
 orable raid which struck the death knell of slavery, not only in the United 
 States but throughout the civilized world. He was one of seven who 
 escaped from there through mountain fastnesses and swamps and forests and 
 farms and streams, in rain and snow and storms, living on raw corn, acorns, 
 sassafras leaves, and such things as they could possibly devour without mak- 
 ing a fire to cook. For they were pursued by soldiers and citizens with 
 dogs and guns, and a price was set on their heads. The Atlantic Monthly 
 some 15 or 20 years ago published a narrative of their escape, which excels 
 in thrilling pathos, and in plain matter-of-fact incidents of hardship, endur- 
 ance, and apparently supernatural deliverances from discovery and capture, 
 the most vivid conceptions of fiction. Two of them made reckless ventures 
 to get food and were captured and hung. The remaining five escaped, 
 Owen finally reaching his brother John's home on an island in I^ake Erie. 
 
 About five years ago Jason and Owen Brown took a homestead on a 
 bench of mountain land five or six miles north of Pasadena, at the settle- 
 ment now called lyas Casitas. This they subsequently sold and took land 
 higher up the mountain side, built a cabin, cleared and worked a few acres, 
 and lived there — two feeble old men, alone. (Jason was with his father in 
 the Kansas struggle, but was not at Harper's Ferry.) They were much 
 visited by tourists and citizens, some from mere curiosity and others from a 
 warm sympathy with the historic career of the family. They had made a 
 good wagon trail up to their mountain hermitage, and were continuing it as 
 a donkey path to the top of the mountain known as Brown's peak, but it is 
 not completed yet. Owen had a desire to be buried on the top of Brown's 
 peak ; and if Jason ever succeeds in finishing the trail he will try to have 
 his brother's grave up there as he desired. But meanwhile he is buried 
 on a lesser peak on their mountain homestead.* 
 
 Owen Brown was never married. 
 
 lyAST Days. — December 30th the aged brothers came down to the 
 city to attend Col. Woodford's gospel temperance meeting in the 
 tabernacle. We met them there both Sunday and Monday nights. 
 But Owen was taken sick and had a chill after going to his sister 
 Ruth's home from the meeting, and in a week he died of typhoid 
 pneumonia. He had been failing for some months ; this had been 
 noticed by his relatives and friends. Monday he had worked pretty 
 hard, then lay down in the bright sunshine on the banks of the 
 Arroyo and slept. In the evening he went to the great temperance meet- 
 ing, and being very deeply and ardently interested in the cause, he put his 
 last cent of money into the collection ; had nothing to pay street car fare 
 with, and so walked over two miles to his sister's house, after the meeting. 
 These over-exertions were probably the immediate cause of his last sickness, 
 although he was out some on several days after the first attack, but was 
 not able to attend the meetings any more. ^ 
 
 At the women's meeting on Tuesday he and Jason were elected honor- 
 ary members of the W. C. T. U. He was much pleased with this, and said 
 there was no cause he would more gladly contribute his $1.00 membership 
 
 *Jason was never able to do anything more with the mountain trail. He finally lost this home 
 place by debt, and Owen Brown's grave remains at Las Casitas, as one of Pasadena's notable historic 
 Ijoints. Their first place was not a " homestead,"' but land bought from Painter & Ball, where the Las 
 Casitas Sanitarium now stands. 
 
324 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 fee to aid. So he was buried with the W. C. T. IT. white ribbon on his 
 breast. 
 
 The last words he uttered that could be distinguished were : " It is 
 better — to be — in a place — and suffer wrong — than to do wrong." 
 
 The Funeral. The last rites were paid to his mortal remains on Thurs- 
 day, January 10. It was a historic day in Pasadena. The tabernacle was well 
 filled — about 2000 people in attendance. The exercises were conducted by 
 Rev. R. H. Hartley, pastor of the Friends church. The great choristry was 
 filled with singers who sang appropriate hymns with a fervor and pathos as 
 if the ver}^ spirit of the Browns had woven itself into heavenly mu.sic. 
 
 Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Bresee, pastor of the M. E. Church, which 
 went to the heart of the historic occasion and was an uplift of soul in all 
 noble aspirations. Remarks were made by Rev. Mr. Hartley ; also by Rev. 
 D. D. Hill, pastor of the Congregational church ; Rev. E. L. Conger, pastor 
 of the Universalist church ; Col. George Woodford, the gospel temperance 
 evangelist ; and by H. N. Rust, a life-long friend and neighbor of John 
 Brown and his family. 
 
 The city trustees, who are all old-time republicans, attended in a body 
 and took seats on the platform, as a token of respect for the memory of John 
 Brown and his sons. 
 
 The students of the Pasadena Academy attended in a body. And mem- 
 bers of the G. A. R. and Sons of Veterans who could leave their business 
 places attended the funeral. 
 
 On conclusion of the services the casket was removed to the corridor 
 and the face cover removed. Then the vast audience passed out in columns 
 by each aisle on each side of the bier and thus all had an opportunity to 
 view the face of Owen Brown. It was perfectly natural — a little paler than 
 in life, and looked as though he was only lying asleep. 
 
 The bier was covered with floral emblems and tokens of love. A cross, 
 a wreath, and boquets, compo.sed of calla lillies, ro.ses, violets, marguerites, 
 sweet elyssura, geraniums, smilax, and feather palms. 
 
 Relatives Present. — ^Jason Brown, brother of the deceased. 
 
 Ruth Brown Thompson, .sister of the deceased, with her husband, 
 Henr}' Thompson and their j-oungest daughter, Mamie. Mr. Thompson 
 was one of John Brown's soldiers in Kansas. 
 
 Mrs. Grace Simmons, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, with her 
 husband and son, who reside at Eas Casitas. 
 
 Mrs. Town, (another daughter) with her husband and son, who al.so 
 reside at Eas Casitas. 
 
 Mrs. Hand, from Wellington, Ohio, a sister of John Brown, aunt to 
 the decea.sed, and now visiting her daughter in T^os Angeles, formerly Mrs. 
 Hood of Pasadena. 
 
 Mrs. Hopson, cousin of the deceased, from Sacramento. 
 
 Mrs. Quinn, a cousin, from Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
 
 The Pall Bearers. — It is quite remarkable that there should be 
 found in Pasadena so many men who were associated with John Brown in 
 his mighty work, which up-heaved the nation and proved the entering 
 wedge for the overthrow of slavery, thirty years ago. In charge of the 
 pall bearers was H. N. Rust, president of the Pasadena Eibrary Associa- 
 tion, who was an old-time friend and neighbor of the John Brown family 
 at East Hampton, Massachu.setts, and also for many years in this city. 
 
DIVISION POUR — BOOM. 325 
 
 James Townsend of Spring Dale, Cedar county, Iowa, who was John 
 Brown's intimate and confidential friend ; and at his house Brown took his 
 last meal before starting from West lyiberty to Chicago with his men and 
 twelve escaped slaves. This was a marvelous event, in which John Brown, 
 with $2,000 reward offered for him, dead or alive, took a lot of slaves in a 
 car on the C. R. I. and P. railroad through the cities of Davenport, La 
 Salle, Joliet, Chicago, and on to freedom on the soil of Canada. And from 
 thence moved on to his final operations at Harper's Ferry, Va. In Dr. H. 
 A. Reid's " History of Johnson County, Iowa," a volume of 966 pages, at 
 page 466 mention is made of James Townsend's "Travelers Rest," the 
 tavern at West Branch (near Spring Dale) where John Brown, and his mule 
 captured from the border rufiians at the battle of Black Jack on the Kansas 
 and Missouri Hue, were always on the "free list." On page 467, of the 
 same work, we read : " Brown himself had his quarters at the home of 
 Mr. John H. Painter." 
 
 John H. Painter, who was justice of the peace at Spring Dale, and 
 Brown's intimate and confidential friend. He boxed up the guns, sabres, 
 pikes, etc., that Brown had gathered for his anticipated army of liberation, 
 and shipped them to him at Harper's Ferry, labeled "carpenter's tools." 
 For this he was unchurched by the Friends Yearly Meeting to which he be- 
 longed ; but he believed he was doing God's service for the rights of man, 
 and history since has fully vindicated the act. He is father to our prominent 
 citizens M. D. Painter, A. J. Painter, Mrs. ly. H. Michener, and Mrs. Dr. J. 
 C. Michener. 
 
 ' Wm. H. Cofiin, was associated with John Brown and his sons in the 
 Kansas struggle for a free state against the slave-hunting border ruffians, in 
 i856-7-8-9._ 
 
 Benjamin A. Rice, was taken prisoner by the border ruffians in Kansas, 
 and was released by John Brown after hair-breadth escapes from the mur- 
 derous vengeance of the ruffians. Mr. Rice served through the war of the 
 rebellion, is an old citizen of Pasadena, and is now chaplain of the G. A. R. 
 Post here. 
 
 Wilson T. Kirk, a nephew of James Townsend above mentioned, re- 
 sided at Spring Dale, Iowa, and was intimate with John Brown and his men 
 in the days when it was perilous to be known as their friend. 
 
 W. B. VanKirk is commander of the G. A. R. post in this city, and 
 took part as the special representative of that patriotic order of men who 
 marched to the music of "John Brown's soul is marching on." 
 
 These were the historic men who bore Owen Brown to his grave.* The 
 hearse was followed by a long procession of vehicles, and four photographic 
 instruments were trained upon the scene to take views of different incidents 
 in the course of the day. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL BANQUET DAY. 
 
 January 28, 1889, was made memorable by the astronomical banquet, 
 because of 'what followed from it as the focal center of incentive and co- 
 operation, with results that made Pasadena and Mount Wilson famous in 
 the scientific world. The Pasadena Standard of February 2 contained a 
 summary of facts and points in the case, from which I quote : 
 
 * It was Dr. H. A. Reid's plan, and by his special effort, that these particular men were gotten to- 
 gether (or this duty, and their historic relations to the deceased or his father made known to the public 
 
326 HIvSTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ASTRONOMY AND THINGS IN PASADENA. 
 
 Monday was a notable da3^ A body of eminent men were in Pasa- 
 dena. In the evening a banquet was given them at the Carlton hotel, and 
 132 plates were .served. The proposed astronomical observator)' on the top 
 of Mount Wilson, 5,800 feet above sea level, was the topic of all the after- 
 dinner speeches. Everything centered on Wilson's peak. The speakers 
 were : Rev. E. L. Conger, pastor of the Universalist church. Prof. W. H. 
 Pickering, astronomer of Harvard Universit3\ Alvan G. Clark, the world- 
 famed telescopic lens manufacturer of Cambridgeport, Mass. Dr. W. F. 
 Channiug of Pasadena, formerly of Boston. Capt. Thomas F. Fra.ser, super- 
 intendent of construction of the great Lick observatory on Mount Hamilton, 
 Cal. Rev. S. C. Bartlett, D. D., president of Dartmouth college. Prof. 
 Brascher, astronomer and glass expert, of Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 W. U. Masters, president of the Board of Trade, presided, and con- 
 ducted the exercises in a prompt and sen.sible manner. 
 
 The outcome of it all is, that if Pasadena will proceed at once to con- 
 struct a road to Wilson's peak, Prof. Pickering will locate a corps of observers 
 there with a 23-inch telescope, and conduct observations on behalf of Har- 
 vard University, to determine some scientific problems of this Pacific coast 
 region. 
 
 On Tuesday the Board of Trade appointed a committee to see what can 
 be done toward .securing the Wilson's peak road to be made at once. The 
 committee are : Col. O. S. Picher, H. W. Magee, Dr. W. F. Channing, T. P. 
 IvUkens, and C. S. Martin. Mr. Martin has a claim of 160 acres of land 
 where the observatory is to be located. 
 
 It is stated at Los Angeles that the order was given Mr. Clark to go 
 ahead and make his proposed 44-inch lens, the largest ever yet attempted, 
 and Southern California will take it. It will require about two years of 
 lathe and hand work to finish this marvelous glass ; and Mr, Clark has gone 
 home to commence the work.-^ 
 
 Later. — It is arranged for Judge Eaton and N. C. Carter to make the 
 trail passable and pack-hor.seable to the peak, at once, so the photo-telescope 
 can go up. 
 
 The 23-inch photographing telescope was conveyed up the old Wil.son 
 Trail in April, 1889, one portion of its iron base alone weighing 600 pounds. 
 [See chapter 20; article, "The Telescope Episode." Also, chapter 19; 
 article, "Harvard Telescope Point."] 
 
 CENTENNIAL INAUGURATION DAY, 
 Was observed in Pasadena on May 7th, 1888 ; and from the Daily Star's 
 report published May 8th, I condense the following particulars : 
 
 The Tabernacle was elaborately decorated with flags, pictures, flowers, 
 etc. The members of the city council, city officers, veterans of the Grand 
 Army, and a detachment of the Sons of Veterans occupied the front .seats on 
 the floor. " A Hundred Years" was sung by Mi.ss Peck and the choir. 
 Rev. W. A. Wright offered prayer. Rev. A. W. Bunker read the passage 
 of Scripture upon which George Washington placed his hand in taking the 
 inaugural oath one hundred years ago- the 40th chapter of Genesis. The 
 
 ♦Southern California failed to raise the money for this bigfjesl lens in the world ; and it was finally 
 purchased in IS'.t'i by Mr. Verkes, for the Chicago observatory. 
 
DIVIvSION FOUR — BOOM. 327 
 
 President's proclamation of the act of Congress fixing the 30th of April as 
 a national holiday was read by J. A. Buchanan. 
 
 A tableau of the thirteen original States was represented by pupils of 
 the Washington school, as follows : Columbia, Cora Humphrey ; Delaware, 
 Mabel Overmier ; Pennsylvania, Lena Seaman ; New Jersey, Maud Thorn- 
 ton ; Georgia, Blanche Allen ; Connecticut, Bessie Cook ; Massachusetts, 
 Edith Hough ; Maryland, Flora Weimar ; South Carolina, Florence Coffin ; 
 New Hampshire, Alice Lambert ; Virginia, Abbie Mohn ; New York, Helen 
 Forbes ; North Carolina, Aggie Petrie ; Rhode Island, Lydia Hiatt. All 
 were dressed in white, with red-white-and-blue sashes, upon which was 
 lettered the name of each State represented. In their hands the girls carried 
 small flags, and all were gathered about the Goddess of lyiberty, who bore a 
 handsome American standard. Each girl read in turn a scrap of Colonial 
 history appropriate to the State represented ; and all concluded with a patri- 
 otic song, the "Star Spangled Banner," sung by Miss Peck and chorus, with 
 orchestral accompaniment. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Bresee's address was preceded by a few introductory remarks 
 by Judge Magee, who referred to the great event of one hundred years ago, 
 showing that the inauguration really took place on the 30th of April, rather 
 than the 4th of March, because Congress had no quorum until the April 
 date. The key note to Rev. Bresee's address was, that true love of country 
 is drawn from the altar. The past history of this country teaches above 
 everything else, he said, that God has been over all. In closing, the speaker 
 aroused great enthusiasm by stirring allusions to Washington, Lincoln, and 
 other dead leaders, and asking if it is too much to expect that their spirits 
 are with the people in the services of this day. 
 
 The program closed with the singing of America by the choir and the 
 audience. 
 
 TERMINAI, RAILROAD DAY. 
 
 March 12, 1890, was opening day of what was then known as "the 
 Cross railroad," but now the Los Angeles Terminal railroad; and it was 
 celebrated with extraordinary vim and enthusiasm by the entire populace. 
 The city official records show that all oflBcers and employes of the city ex- 
 cept police and firemen were excu.sed from duty in order to take part in the 
 public festivities. The daily papers of Pasadena and Los Angeles vied with 
 each other to see which should give the most elaborate and gushing report 
 of the affair. The Pasadena Standard oi March 15 contained in brief space 
 the chief historic points, and from -it I quote : 
 
 Grand Ovation to Capt. Cross. — The opening of our new Rapid 
 Transit railroad has taken place. The celebration of the event was a triumphal 
 ovation to Capt. Cross, who showed such splendid pluck and tenacity in over- 
 coming obstacles both natural and artificial, and finally won the day. It is 
 not in our line to give any detailed report of the proceedings. Suffice to say, 
 the city was full of holiday display. Four trainloads of visitors and invited 
 guests came up from Los Angeles — three arriving at one o'clock, and one 
 about four o'clock. A grand civic and military procession marched through 
 Colorado street, where the stores and other buildings were all j ubilantly deco- 
 rated, and the sidewalks and balconies and open windows filled with thou- 
 sands — probably not less than 15,000 people in procession and along the line 
 
328 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 of march. Gov. Waterman and wife were in the procession ; also Mayor 
 Hazard of Los Angeles, Judges Van Dyke and McKinley of the superior 
 court, and about twenty-five other prominent men of the county. Free 
 lunch, races and games were given at sportsman's park. 
 
 An historic episode of this historic day was a public protest by Rev. 
 E. ly. Conger, D. D., pastor of the Universalist church, which he published 
 in the Daily Star, and from which I quote : 
 
 Editor Star : — Is it fair for the committee on reception to compel the 
 majority of our citizens to stay away from the Cross banquet, or else seem 
 to put at defiance ordinance 125, which they have helped to make a law? 
 We do not want to do either. We are deeply interested in the effort to 
 honor Mr. Cross for what he has done, and we want to do our part ; but if 
 we help to buy the wine lor the banquet (which we do when we pay $3 for a 
 ticket) do we not defy the law of our city, at least by implication ? The 
 majority have sanctioned ordinance 125. Is it "square " to put so many of 
 our public-spirited citizens in such an attitude as to compel them to stay 
 away, simply to please some who want wine served at the banquet? If it 
 were a question of ' ' turning down the glasses ' ' by those who did not want 
 wine, that would be easy enough; but when a citizen pays $3, knowing that 
 the money goes to help buy wine for the banquet, is he not ' ' particeps 
 criminis " if the question is ever raised? Will my neighbor, just for a 
 glass of wine, force me into this attitude or compel me to stay at home ? 
 
 E. Iv. Conger. 
 
 Dr. Conger represented a large proportion of the citizens of Pasadena, 
 (doubtless a vast majority of them, if women were counted) — but the 
 liquor folks had their way, all the same. 
 
 PRESIDENT HARRISON DAY, 
 
 April 23-24, 1 89 1, were made memorable by the visit of Presi- 
 dent Benjamin Harrison and some members of his cabinet to Pasa- 
 dena. A reception committee of about 200 persons had been appointed ; 
 and the city turned out e7t masse to do honor to the distinguished 
 visitors. Besides the president and his wife, and Mr. Halford, his secretary, 
 the party consisted of Postmaster-General John Wanamaker ; Gen. Rusk, 
 secretary of agriculture; Major Sanger, U. S. A., aid decamp to the presi- 
 dent ; Mr. Russell Harrison and wife ; United States Marshal, D. M. Rans- 
 dell ; Mr. Geo. W. Boyd, excursion manager, and wife ; Messrs. Tibbetts 
 and DeLong, stenographers; Mrs. McKee, the president's daughter ; Mrs. 
 Dimmick, Carter B. Harrison, Lieut. Baker, James Horsburg ; and the offi- 
 cial agents of the United Press, the Associated Press, and the Press News, 
 three great news-gathering associations for the daily papers. 
 
 A grand arch of calla lilies spanned Marengo Avenue a little below 
 Kansas street ; and a gate of flowers was erected down near California 
 street to be swung open by the children as the president's carriage ap- 
 proached. From Colorado to California street the avenue was filled two 
 lines deep on each .side with .school children, besides thousands of people 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 329 
 
 packed in behind them. And as the presidential party and the grand pro- 
 cession moved slowly down the avenue between the double lines of crowded, 
 eager humanity, handfuls of flowers, bouquets, wreaths and floral designs 
 were tossed toward and into the vehicles until the roadway was literall}^ 
 carpeted with flowers. Near the lower end of this ovational line was 
 located the Garfield school. Prof. A. L,. Hamilton, principal ; and when the 
 president's carriage arrived here it was halted for a moment to receive a 
 large and exquisitely- prepared floral design representing an inverted wine 
 glass — for it had been currently reported that at the banquet during the 
 previous evening the president had turned down his glass and refused to al- 
 low wine poured into it ; and this supposed action of his met the school 
 sentiment, and the best popular sentiment of Pasadena, on its warmest 
 side — hence this special and particular thank token in flowers. This inci- 
 dent, and the banquet malventure which led to it, became matters of warm 
 dispute and of wide celebrity at the time. A correspondent of the Los An- 
 geles daily Evening Express gave the fullest and fairest account of the 
 whole matter that was anywhere published ; and as a famous episode in 
 Pasadena history, I quote the entire article : 
 
 Editor Evening Express : Pasadena is a good deal stirred up over 
 a wine banquet which was thrust upon our Presidential guests, thus shutting 
 off" 2,000 citizens who were not admitted to the small dining room of the 
 hotel, but had gathered outside the building, hoping to see the President and 
 hear him speak a few minutes. If the banquet "bore" had not been forced 
 upon him, he could have spoken ten minutes to the masses assembled to 
 express their hearty and loyal good will, and then retired for rest — for he 
 was much worn and wearied with the tax and strain upon his energies by 
 responding to the continual popular ovations night and day for four days 
 
 East Sunday, Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First Congregational 
 church, publicly denounced the whole affair as a public insult to our dis- 
 tinguished and noble visitors, and also an outrage upon Pasadena's fair 
 name, for a wine banquet is in open violation of the city's police law, and 
 has been fully and forcibly so declared by the courts ; and Mr. Hill said, 
 after the chief guests had excused themselves and got away from the witless 
 weariness of the thing, the ' ' banquet ' ' still went on and ended in a regular 
 drunken debauch. Preacher Hill is a great friend of President Harrison, 
 Secretary Wanamaker and Governor Markham. The governor's wife and 
 three daughters, also a brother-in-law and wife, are all members of his church. 
 His denunciation of the affair was bold, vehement, clear cut and powerful, 
 like some of the ancient apostolic and pulpit orators whom we read about in 
 history, so of course it made much talk. I found there was a report current 
 that the President did drink wine at this banquet, and so gave his sanction 
 to it. But others said he did not. I set out to find authentic and reliable 
 information, with responsible names to back up what I should say about it. 
 B. F. Ball, vice-president of the First National Bank, and Rev. J. W. Phelps, 
 pastor of the First M. E. church, were present, and said decidedly the Presi- 
 dent did not drink any wine. 
 
 Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, a former member of the City Council, was 
 there, but did not know about the matter. At last, however, I got reliable 
 
330 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 particulars from Postmaster W. U Masters, who sat near Mr. Wanamaker. 
 He says a waiter came along behind President Harrison and poured wine 
 into his glass, but as soon as he noticed it the President took hold of the 
 glass and with a very emphatic and decisive motion pushed or set it away 
 from him, and did not touch or taste a drop of it. The waiter came to Mr. 
 Wanamaker the same way, and that gentleman decisiveh' kept his glass 
 turned down, refusing to allow any wine poured into it. Mr. Ma.sters did 
 the same thing, as a courtesy due to the temperance sentiments of the guests. 
 (As a member of the committee he had objected to the wine feature, for the 
 same reason, as did others also, for they knew that the President and Wana- 
 maker were church members, and did not approve of liquor drinking ; but 
 the wine service was decided on when he [Masters] was absent.) The 
 waiter next went to Secretary Rusk and tipped the wine bottle down to Mr. 
 Rusk's glass, when that gentleman threw up his hand against the bottle, 
 tilting it back and pushing it away. Thus each of the three chief guests 
 were compelled to resist a discourtesy thrust upon them in the house of their 
 friends, the Republican stronghold of Pasadena.* 
 
 But the next day when the people, free from the manipulations of any 
 clique, had a chance to show their loyal regard for our chief magistrate, 
 nearl}^ everj^ store in the city was closed, the people turned out by hundreds 
 and thousands, and 2,000 school children in line literally strewed his path- 
 way with flowers. They also presented him with an unusually attractive 
 floral piece on which the chief emblem, richly wrought in fresh flowers, was 
 an inverted wine glass. True, there was some other floral pieces ; but in 
 view of what had transpired the night before, this one alone touched the 
 climacteric nerve of the occasion and became historic. It sent the visitors 
 away with a much better opinion of Pasadena than they had been able to 
 get from previous experience. Old Rkpublican. 
 
 Pasadena, April 27. 
 
 The Pasadena Star of 23d and 24th gave an eight-column report of the 
 honors to the President, without au}^ hint of tribulation : but on the 25th it 
 came out with an editorial, scoring the banquet as "a flat failure, " "a fizzle, " 
 "most wretched," etc., laying .some of the blame to drunken colored 
 waiters imported from lyOS Angeles, and making sundry excuses for other 
 shortcomings in that part of the overstrained program. It seems that five 
 kinds of wine, besides Roman punch, had been lavishly provided, but was 
 little used ; and the waiters, with a few others, undertook to ''save zV " by 
 drinking it themselves. 
 
 The Pasadena reporter for the Los Angeles Times told me personally 
 that "the President did drink wine, for / saw him driyiking, just like the 
 rest." But on further inquiry I learned that after the incident related by 
 Mr. Masters to the Eveni?ig Express correspondent, the President and Mr. 
 Wanamaker and Mr. Rusk each had a glass of Apollinaris water ; and the 
 Times man and others .seeing them drink this, supposed it was wine they 
 were " drinking just like the rest." These facts explain how it could 
 
 *Mr. Masters was the Democratic postmaster, still in office, but his successor, Geo. K. Kernaghau, 
 had been appointed IhouKh not yet installed. Mr. Masters was also president of the Hoard of Trade, 
 and was master of ceremonies for this bancjuet occasion. Hence he had President Harrison sitting at 
 his right hand and Oovernor Markham next; and at his left hand sat Postmaster-General Wanamaker, 
 with the new appointee for Pasadeua, Mr. Kernaghau, next. 
 
DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 33 1 
 
 happen that such positive and yet so different statements were made in 
 regard to the matter by different persons. 
 
 COLUMBUS DAY. 
 
 October 21, 1892, was elaborately celebrated as Discovery day, or Col- 
 umbus day, it being the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of 
 America. The five different public schools of the city each had a program 
 of literary exercises, tableaux, etc., appropriate to the day. The Grand 
 Army of the Republic had detailed a squad of old soldiers for each school, to 
 visit it in the forenoon and join in the ceremony of raising the national 
 flag on the school building, then take some part with the children by short 
 addresses, etc., in their program. An exceptional incident worth recording 
 was this : In making a detail of old Union soldiers for the Wilson High 
 School building, the G. A. R. unanimously agreed to tender the post of 
 honor as flag-bearer to an ex-Confederate soldier, T. J. Martin, as a token 
 of peace and good will now between soldiers who wore the blue and those 
 who wore the gray in the great war of the rebellion. Mr. Martin accepted 
 the gallant courtesy and took his place in the line — but being in poor health 
 at the time, he found himself too feeble to carry the flag, and a comrade of 
 the G. A. R. walked by his side carrying it for him. (This was I. N. 
 Stevenson, of the 15th Pennsylvania infantry regiment.) 
 
 During the afternoon a general grand parade of school children, civic 
 societies, and citizens generally, was indulged in. They marched to the 
 Tabernacle, which was packed to the last inch of space, and a short speech 
 was made by Mayor O. F. Weed, president of the day. Prof C. H. Keyes, 
 president of Tliroop Polytechnic Institute, gave the principal address ; and 
 it was a learned and brilliant pictograph of great drift currents in the 
 world's history which took their initial flow or their historic trend from the 
 new- world discovery made by Columbus. Short speeches were also made 
 by Rev. E. Iv. Conger, D. D., Judge Waldo M. York, Rev. O. D. Crawford, 
 and W. U. Masters. The Pasadena Daily Star devoted seven columns to a 
 report of this day's doings in Pasadena. 
 
 MOUNT LOWE ELECTRIC RAILROAD DAY. 
 
 August 23, 1893, was the first day ever formally and officially set apart 
 by the city council of Pasadena as a public holiday of their very own. And 
 the festivities indulged in were like Fourth of July, Thanksgiving da)^, and 
 Tournament of Roses, all combined in one superlative ovation to Prof. T. S. 
 C. Lowe, as a commemorative testimonial on the completion of the Mount 
 lyOwe electric railway to its half-way halt at the top of the ' ' great incline ' ' 
 or cable section on Echo Mountain. [See Chapter 23.] 
 
 FATHER THROOP DAY. 
 
 December 21, 1893, was made historic as "Father Throop Day," by a 
 great testimonial celebration in honor of the founder and the founding of 
 
332 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the Throop Polytechnic Institute in Pasadena— the first educational institu- 
 tion of its type west of the Mississippi river, and equipped in all respects 
 equal to the best in the largest eastern cities. [See pages 193 to 197.] 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there have been many days in the city 
 when great parades, with band music and song, speeches, floral displays, 
 etc., were indulged in on a liberal scale — such as Fourth of July, Decora- 
 tion Day, Tournament of Roses, etc. ; but these occur annually in regular 
 course, and do not have the exceptional historic quality which pertains to 
 the notable days recorded in this chapter. 
 
 DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 The Name " Wilson."— Sketch of life of Hon. B. D. Wilson, after whom were named 
 so many historic places and things within our borders. 
 
 THE NAME WILSON. 
 
 Pasadenaland has a Wilson Ditch, a Wilson School, a Wilson Avenue, 
 a Wilson Lake, a Wilson Canyon, a Wilson Trail, a Mount Wilson or Wil- 
 son's Peak, a Mount Wilson Toll-Road, and a Wilson Ranch, the old Lake 
 Vineyard place. It therefore becomes a necessary part of Pasadena History 
 to give a brief sketch of Hon. Benjamin Davis Wilson, from whom all these 
 local "Wilson " names are derived. 
 
 Mr. Wilson was born at Nashville, Tenn., December i, 18 11. From 
 1833 to 1840 he was engaged in trading and trapping in New Mexico, and 
 all that vast region of country tributary to Santa Fe. In 1841 he came to 
 Los Angeles with a company of 25 men who crossed the mountains and 
 desert from New Mexico. In 1843 he bought for $1,000 per league from 
 Don Juan Bandini,* the Jurupa Ranch, where the city of Riverside is now 
 located. t In 1844 he married a Spanish lady. Miss Ramona Yorba, 
 
 ♦Don Juan Bandini was a leading Spatiisli resident of San Diego. For liis aid to tin United States, 
 see pages 80, 88, 91, etc. 
 
 f'Riverside was founded in 1S70 ; name changed from Jurupa."— ///.$/. Cat., I'ol. 0, p. 5^1. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 333 
 
 daughter of Don Bernardo Yorba, owner ot the great rancho Santa Ana. [Miss 
 Anna Picher, in her Pasadena Art Loan writings, says that Helen Hunt 
 Jackson first met the title name of her famous story, "Ramona," while 
 visiting Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb's family at San Marino, whose little daughter 
 was named Ramona, after her grandmother, Dona Ramona Yorba deWilson ; 
 and Mrs. Jackson then took a fancy to the name.] In the fall of 1844 Mr. 
 Wilson went with a party in pursuit of a large bear that had destroyed many 
 cattle on his ranch ; and in the final encounter the bear leaped upon him 
 and bit him so that its tush penetrated clear into his lung. But the bear was 
 killed, and he recovered, although he carried life-long scars from that bear's 
 teeth. In 1845 the Mojave and other Indians made frequent raids upon the 
 white settlers ; and Mr. Wilson, under authority of Governor Pio Pico, 
 organized a mounted force to pursue and punish them. In this expedition 
 he was shot with a poisoned flint arrow, the point of which broke off" and 
 remained in his body all his life. A faithful Indian neophyte among his 
 soldiers sucked the poison out and saved his life. In the same year, 1845, 
 occurred the march of the Mexican governor, Micheltorena, down from 
 Monterey, with a force largely composed of released convicts and outlaws 
 from old Mexico, to subdue Los Angeles ; for the southern district had re- 
 belled against his rule, because of his using such troops to dominate them, 
 and supported Pio Pico as still their rightful governor. Mr. Wilson was the 
 Alcalde [Justice of the Peace, or Sub-Prefect] of his baihwick, and as such 
 raised a company and marched to Los Angeles, there joining the Pico army 
 under Generals Jose Castro and Andres Pico.* They marched out to 
 Cahuenga and took position to await the trnemy's approach. About noon 
 the next daj^ the Micheltorena army came in sight, and the rest of the day 
 was spent in an artillery duel at long range. This was renewed foB a short 
 time the next morning, before Micheltorena accepted terms of capitulation. 
 Don Manuel Garfias was in this battle as a Lieut. Col. in Micheltorena's 
 army, but did not go with them back to Mexico, f Micheltorena had three 
 iron cannon in the fight, and two of them are now lying at the west front of 
 the new court house in Los Angeles. The Pico army had one iron and one 
 brass cannon, the latter afterward becoming famous as the "Woman's 
 Gun." [See pages 84, 85, 93, loi.] 
 
 Along with Micheltorena's ex-convicts and other Mexican troops was a 
 company of Americans who had been induced to join him, under the 
 famous John Sutter as captain, by false representations, and by giving them 
 deeds for land which were not in accordance with the Mexican law — hence 
 utterly worthless. ' Mr. Wilson was personally acquainted with some of the 
 
 *One member of Wilson's company was Dan. Sexton. About him and his adobe mill, see page 53. 
 
 t Another of Micheltorena's better men was Don Ignacio Francisco de la Crviz Garcia, a native of 
 Spain, who remained and settled in Los Angeles. I visited this old man myself on August 19, 1S9.5, and 
 examined official documents which showed that he was that day 114 years, 3 months and 18 days old — yet 
 he was able to see, hear, talk, and answer questions readily. G. W. Robinson, aged 86, was with me as 
 interpreter. 
 
334 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 leading men of this American company ; and he managed early the next 
 morning to approach their camp by crawling up a ravine with a flag of 
 truce, accompanied by one James McKinley. They were discovered and 
 fired upon with grape shot from Micheltorena's camp, but escaped unhurt ; 
 and when the Americans saw the white flag, three leaders came to them — 
 one of these being Gen. John Bid well of Chico, who was the Prohibition 
 candidate for president in 1892.-*^ Wilson soon succeeded in showing them 
 that they were on the wrong side of this fight ; and after this better under- 
 standing they withdrew from Micheltorena's support. Later in the day, or 
 the next day, he accepted terms of capitulation. f His offensive troops were 
 required to march to San Pedro without passing through L,os Angeles at 
 all, and be shipped at once back to old Mexico.;]; 
 
 In 1846, when the war occurred between the United States and Mexico, 
 and American troops w^ere on their way to capture L,os Angeles, Gov. Pico 
 called upon Mr. Wilson to raise a company of men to help repel the in- 
 vaders ; but Wilson was still a citizen of the United States, not of Mexico, 
 and declined to obey the summons, though at the same time assuring the 
 governor that he would remain quietly on his ranch, and not take part in 
 any movement to oust Pico from the governorship. He therefore remained 
 unmolested ; and he was resolved and ready to resist if the governor .should 
 make any attempt to arrest him. But after Commodore Stockton had cap- 
 tured L,os Angeles, in this same year, and established Lieut. Gillespie there 
 with a small force to maintain the United States authority, the Commodore 
 urged upon Mr. Wilson a commis.sion as captain in the U. S. army, with 
 power to raise and equip a company of any number he might think best to 
 guard the frontier. For account of the battle of Chino, and Wilson's cap- 
 ture, anci other adventures, see page 82, and following. 
 
 Mr. Wilson watched the battle of San Gabriel ford [see page 91] with 
 intense anxiety from the hills of the Coyote ranch, where he had gone for 
 the purpose — for he was still a prisoner on parole, and had spent the previ- 
 ous night at his father-in-law Yorba's place in Santa Ana, his wife then 
 being there. Of course the American prisoners were free after Stockton 
 entered L,os Angeles. 
 
 * "On his way back to Micheltorena's position he [Capt. John Sutterl and Bidwell, his aide, were 
 captured, and after a brief detention were sent as prisoners under parole to Los Angeles." — Hist. Los 
 Aug. Co., p. 66. 
 
 t Bancroft, Hist Cat., Vol /, />. 507. says : " Not a drop of human blood was spilled on the battle- 
 field of Cahueuga." This brusque and reckless assertion has been accepted by other writers, and used 
 to cast ridicule on the Mexic-Calilornians as fighters. The improbability of its being true is shown by 
 his own statement in regard to the battle, for he says : " It was kept up all the afternoon on both sides, 
 Micheltorena's gunners using grape, and firing over a htmdred times ; while the others fired less shots, 
 using ball, and in some cases perhaps small .stones." This was on Friday afternoon : and on Saturday 
 forenoon there was more fighting. Oen. Vallejo gave a report that " twelve cholos [convict soldiers], 
 one foreigner, one Indian, and one officer were killed." And eight others make varying reports of 
 numbers of men and horses killed. 
 
 X Wm. Heath Davis, in his book, " Sixty Years in California," says these troops were not so bad as 
 they are represented in history. Stealing chickens was their chief rascality ; but all sorts of evil re- 
 ports were made up against them by the Californians." Davis was part owiier of the ship thatcained 
 them away, and he accompanied them on the voyage. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 335 
 
 THE FOUR OLD CANNON. 
 
 In 1877, less than a year before his death, Mr. Wison prepared a sketch 
 of his life, which has never been published in full. In this he mentions that 
 he was present when Don Andres Pico, the Mexican general, first met Com- 
 modore Stockton after having surrendered to Fremont, and remarks : 
 
 "Don Andres Pico manifested his good faith by telling the Commodore 
 where the cannon were concealed with which he had fought at the action of 
 the 8th and 9th. The Commodore asked me what kind of cannon they were. 
 I told him they were common short heavy cast-iron guns ; to which he 
 answered, they were not worth looking after, and he would not send for 
 them.* I told him then that if he would give them to me I would make of 
 them posts to keep the carretas [clumsy Mexican ox-carts] off from the 
 entrance to my store t He therefore gave them to me ; and being told by 
 Don Andres just where they were, I hired a man with a carreta [nearly 
 three years afterward] to bring them in, and placed them at the head of 
 Commercial street in Los Angeles." [See page 84 ] 
 
 When the centennial of Los Angeles city was celebrated, in 1881, two 
 of these historic old cannon were placed on trucks at the north corners of 
 the old court house ; but now, 1895, they are preserved at the west main 
 entrance to the magnificent new court house. 
 
 In 1849 Mr. Wilson was a delegate to a convention of South Califor- 
 nians at Santa Barbara which petitioned Congress that the southern part of 
 the proposed new state might be made a territory by itself, and not be in- 
 cluded in the state of California as planned by the politicians of San Fran- 
 cisco. [A mass meeting for the same purpose was held at Los Angeles in Feb- 
 ruary, 1850.] Their plea was not heeded; but it is interesting to note that 
 the struggle for "state division" commenced thus early — and it ought 
 never to cease until accomplished. The state was admitted to the Union the 
 same year [September 9, 1850], and Mr. Wilson was elected the first county 
 clerk and clerk of the courts of Los Angeles county, April i, 1850. From 
 Januar}' 2d to July 3d, 1850, he was a leading member of the city council, 
 still under Mexican law ; but on the latter date a new and full board of city 
 ofiicers was installed under the Arherican charter passed and approved April 
 4th of the same year. The " Centennial History " says Mr. Wilson was 
 mayor of Los Angeles in 1854, and adds : "Mayors Hodges and Wilson 
 through tempestuous times held the helm with firmness and foresight." 
 
 September i, 1852, he was appointed U. S. Indian Agent for the 
 southern district, his commission being signed by Millard Fillmore, presi- 
 
 * Mr. Wilson wrote this sketch 30 years after the events, and his memory failed him as to the par- 
 ticular cannon in question. The only cannon which the Mexicans had in the battles of the Sth and glh 
 were the two brass howitzers which Gen Pico had surrendered to Col. Fremont at Cahuenga on the 
 13th ; and the ones that Pico told Commodore Stockton about were the four o'd guns Iving in the surf at 
 San Pedro, utterU- unserviceable, but the only pieces of artillery remaining within reach of the Mexicans. 
 See page 84. At the battle of Cahuenga, in' 1S45, Micheltoren'a's troops had three of these old iron can- 
 nons, and Pico's men had the other one. 
 
 T "During all this time he [Wilson] had been heavily engaged in merchandising in Los Angeles, as 
 well as in cattle ranching at Jurupa." — Lewis's Hist. L. A. Co., p. 118. 
 
336 HISTORY OF PASADENA. ' 
 
 dent, and Daniel Webster, secretary of state.* In 1855 he was elected state 
 senator and served the term. Also again in 1869 70. 
 
 In 1853 he married for his second wife Mrs. Margaret Hereford, widow 
 of Dr. Hereford of San Pedro. His first wife, Ramona Yorba, had died 
 March 21, 1849. 
 
 In 1852 Mr. Wilson bought the Lake Vineyard property from the 
 Indian wife of Hugo Reid, and in 1854 he built there a dwelling house 
 with a vast wine cellar under it and a very costly roof of tiles — the total 
 cost of the structure and appurtenances being reported over $20,000, the roof 
 alone taking nearly half of it. His widow, Mrs. Margaret Wilson, resides 
 there in the same house yet — 1895. 
 
 In 1864 he constructed the historic and famous burro path to the top 
 of the mountains, known as " Wilson's Trail," and this is reported to have 
 cost him about $6,000 before he finally dropped it. His object was to have 
 shakes, pickets, barrel staves, orange boxes, etc., made from the cedar, oak 
 and pine trees which grew so plentifully on the mountain top, and then 
 transport them down on burros, for which purpose he collected a band of 
 about sixty of these hardy little animals. But the timber proved unfit for 
 wine barrels, which was the most important item ; pickets and other lumber 
 to fence in his orchards were brought down, besides shakes for roofing pur- 
 poses, till he had enough and quit. [See Chapter 20; article "Wilson's 
 Trail."] 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Wilson and Dr. Griffin built the open ditch which first 
 brought the waters of the Arroyo Seco from Devil's Gate out onto the 
 alfalfa lands of the Rancho San Pasqual. The job was done by Judge B, 
 S. Eaton ; and this was the waterway know in colony days as the " Wilson 
 ditch." 
 
 In 1869 Mr. Wilson was sent to Washington by the winegrowers of 
 Los Angeles county, to ask from the revenue department some concession 
 or relief in regard to the internal revenue ta.x on California wines. But it 
 availed nothing. The law was general, and must apply in all states, 
 counties and territories equally. 
 
 In 1 87 1 Mr. Wilson laid out the original Alhambra tract of about 300 
 acres, with water piped to each fiv^e-acre lot the first subdivision ever made 
 
 * "In 1S52 the late Hon. B. I). Wilson, an old resident of I,os Angeles county, made a report to the 
 I'nited States government, showinp; the great injustice which had been done the Indians by the Ameri- 
 cans In 18S1 Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson had her attention specially directed toward these lougsufTering 
 people, and that winter she made a visit to their reservation and spent several weeks among them." — 
 California of the South, p. /g-;. 
 
 Mr. Wilson's report was printed in the I,os Angeles Star of 18,^2, and again in same paper in 1868 ; 
 and much of it is copied in J. Albert Wilson's Hist. Los Attfi-. Co., 18S0, pf>. Sy toga. This report is a 
 monument to Mr. Wilsons painstaking fidelity as a public officer and to his good sense and kiud- 
 hearte<lucss toward the Indians. He cloes not palliate their faults and vices as a class ; but he plainly .sets 
 forth the wrongs, abuses, injustice and evil examples to which they had been subjected by white jieople, 
 and then remarks : " What marvel that eighteen years of neglect, misrule, oppression, slavery and in- 
 justice, and every opportunity and teni] tation to gratify their natural vices withal, should have given 
 them a fatal tendency downward to the very lowest degradation. ' * * In some streets of this litlle 
 city almost every other house is a grog-sho)) for Indians." Yet he gives many instances of true noble- 
 ness of character and sterling fidelity among them ; and in this official reporl alone Mrs. Jackson found 
 ample warrant lor all that she pictured of Indian life, and wrongs done them, in her famous story of 
 " Kamona." 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 337 
 
 HON. B. D. WILSON. 
 
 in California with water con- 
 veyed in iron pipes ready 
 for use at each colony set- 
 tler's own door. Before that 
 only open ditches had been 
 used, or wooden pipes. This 
 scheme was projected and 
 superintended by Mr. Wil- 
 son's son-in-law, J. DeBarth 
 Shorb, who had done the 
 first iron piping of water for 
 irrigation purposes ever done 
 in Calilornia, at Camulos in 
 1864, while he was superin- 
 tendent of the oil works 
 started there by Col. Thomas 
 Scott, the great railroad king 
 of that time. And Mr. Shorb 
 further extended and devel- 
 oped the same idea in the 
 Alhambra and the Pasadena- 
 Lake-Vineyard colony tracts. 
 The Alhambra tract was school land without water, and Mr. Wilson bought 
 it from the State for $2.50 per acre. It was commonly deemed worth- 
 less, but the water-piping scheme jumped it at once into great value and 
 ready sale -and a large addition was soon made to the original colony 
 
 '^''''in 1876 Mr Wilson and Mr. Shorb projected the "Lake Vineyard 
 Land and Water Company," and laid out 2,500 acres* into 5- and lo-acre 
 lots, east of Fair Oaks Avenue, and piped water to the lots from the reservoir 
 (now known as No. i) at the end of the original Wilson and Griffin ditch 
 This land was sold at first for $55 per acre ; but very soon the price advanced 
 to $65, $75, $80, $100 per acre. In 1877 an association called the Mutual 
 Orchard Company bought 200 acres from the east part of this Lake Vine- 
 yard Company, and planted on it 14,000 orange trees, the largest orange 
 orchard in the world. This was an Oakland, Cal., company. 
 
 March II 1878, Mr. Wilson died, at his Lake Vineyard home place, in 
 the 67th year of his age. He had done more to develop and improve and 
 open up for American settlement the region now known as Pasadenaland 
 than any other man before or since his time ; and that is why there are so 
 many difierent points and objects hereabouts that bear his name. 
 
 nt was 1,500 acres at first, and then Mr. Wilson repurchased i.ooo acres from the Grogan tract. 
 
 22 
 
338 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Names. — The name Pasadena. — The name Altadena. — Large Land Tracts by name. — 
 Old Spanish Land Grants. — Springs and Water Sources by name. — Who named the 
 Streets, and why. 
 
 THE NAME PASADENA. 
 
 Much misrepresentation and idle guesswork has been printed and sent 
 abroad concerning the origin of the name or word ' ' Pasadena. ' ' Paso de 
 Eden (Gatewa}^ of Paradise) is often given as the original form of the word, 
 Anglicised into its present euphonious usage. But the climax of absurdity 
 in this matter is reached by "Bancroft's Railway Guide," San Francisco, 
 for August, 1890. On page 48, under the head of "Spanish Words," it 
 
 says : 
 
 " Pa,sadEna (pas-ah-rfajiz-nah). A »Spanish phrase pronounced " Pah-so-deh-dain " would 
 mean "Gate of Eden," poetically. Many Spani.sh words have been contracted, 
 wrongly spelled, mispronounced and misunderstood as badly or worse than this, 
 supposing this to be the real meaning of a name very probably first used by the 
 California padres, and afterwards mispronounced, by ear, by the Americans." 
 
 Now, the fact is, " the California padres " never heard of the word, for 
 it is a Chippewa Indian word, and not a Spanish word or phrase at all.* 
 Neither is it an Algonquin word, as is so commonly stated, only in so far as 
 the Chippewa tribe of Indians was a branch or offshoot of the great Algon- 
 quin family. Upon my inquiry as to the real origin of the name " Pasadena, ' ' 
 Judge B. S. Eaton writes : 
 
 " It came about in this way. The winter of 1875-76 found the In- 
 diana colony so far advanced as to require mail facilities. Thus far, Los 
 Angeles had been the address of the colonists ; but this community was as- 
 suming importance ; and as the Washington authorities would never consent 
 to such a name as "Indiana Colony" for a j^ostoffice, Calvin Fletcher, 
 one of the largest stockholders, and the man who laid out the plan of the 
 .settlement and directed the subdivision of the lands, appealed to me to 
 know if there was not some Spanish name that had been applied to the 
 ranch, descriptive of its location or general characteristics. He thought a 
 name that .smacked a little of the language of the country would .sound bet- 
 ter than any name imported from the Eastern States. All the good and 
 pretty names had already been monopolized, and he would like something 
 that was a Httle out of the common. I could remember but one thing that 
 could possibly fill the bill for him, and that w^as found in the answer given 
 me by Don Manuel Garfias when I asked him why he located his house in 
 such (as seemed to me) an impractical place. It afforded him no avenue 
 to overlook his vast domain, or see what his flocks and herds were doing. 
 His reply was, " Porque es la Have del Rancho." 
 
 " Yavvy what?" says Fletcher, catching on to the main word [Have]. 
 " Oh, that gives no clue to a name," I .said, " for no Yankee would ever 
 try to pronounce a name that commenced with two consonants." 
 
 " WeH," he said, "what does it mean? Give it to us in EugHsh." 
 
 *In IHH'I a pamphlet was issued from a new town and health resort in Texas named " Pasadena," 
 and pretending to derive the name from some mongrel combination of Spanish words or parts of words. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 339 
 
 I gave the translation, '' Because it is the Key of the Ranch. ^^ "You 
 see," said Garfias, " the south side of the ranch from here to the Santa 
 Anita is all improved property, and enclosed with fences. On the north 
 side is the Sierra, and on the west is the Arroyo Seco. The little stretch be- 
 tween my house and the Marengo (the Bacon tract) is the gateway through 
 which outside stock must come, to ever get on my range, or my own stock 
 to escape ; and that is why I call this the ' Key of the Rancho.' " 
 So far, Judge Eaton's account. 
 
 Dr. T. B. Elliott, the original projector 
 and president of the "Indiana Colony" 
 scheme as organized at Indianapolis, was a 
 man of books, and of some general scholar- 
 ship beyond the technical field of medicine. 
 He now took the matter up with a good 
 deal of zeal to carry out Mr. Fletcher's 
 idea, as the latter was also one of the 
 original Indiana Colony men. Dr. Elliott 
 searched all his own books to find some- 
 thing which would fit the case, but with- 
 out success. He then remembered that 
 when he was a student in Hamilton Col- 
 lege, New York, he had an intimate friend 
 and college mate who afterward went west 
 as a missionary among the Indians ; and 
 to him he wrote, explaining what Mr. 
 Fletcher wanted, and what Judge Eaton 
 had told about the "key of the ranch " or entrance to the upper part of 
 the valley — and asking the missionary for some Indian word of pleasant 
 sound which would serve as an appropriate and significant name for the new 
 settlement. In reply he received the following list of words which I have 
 copied verbatim from the original slip as written by the missionary himself, 
 and never before published : 
 
 " Weoquan Pa sa de na — Crown of the valley. 
 
 Gish ka de na Pa se de na — Peak of the Valley. 
 
 Tape Daegun Pa sa de na — Key of the Valley. 
 
 Pe qua de na Pa sa dena — Hill of the Valley. 
 
 Accent last syllable of each compound word. Chippewa dialect."* 
 
 * After writing this article I showed it to Theodore Coleman, who has been city editor of the Daily 
 Star e-ver since June, 1886. He formerly lived at Chippewa Falls, Wis,, had some knowledge of the 
 language of those Indians, and thus becoming deeply interested in this matter, he wrote there for fur- 
 ther information ; and in reply received letters from Chas. Allen, Esq., of Chippewa Falls, and Rev. 
 Casimir Vogt, a Catholic priest of Bayfield, Wis., long time missionary among the Ojibway [same as 
 Chippewa] Indians. Mr. Allen is a half-blood of that race, and a reputable lawyer in his town. Rev. 
 Vogt says : " The root for Pasadena can be fovind in passa-an — I split something. Passadena is a space 
 formed by intersecting a range of hills or mountains"; etc. The letters received contain fifteen or 
 twenty different words and explanations ; and from it all Mr. Coleman writes in regard to the different 
 words preceding Pasadena in Dr. Elliott's document ; "One of these was weo-quan [hat] ; another was 
 gish-ka-dena [peak in a valley] : a third was tape-da-egun [key] ; and the fourth waspequa-dena [hill in 
 a valley]. The word for hat is the nearest svnonyra for crown the language contains ; and the term for 
 key signifies nothing but the metal article. The Chippewa word for valley, or plain, is passa-ka-miga ; 
 that for hill ispig-wa-dena. Pasadena was therefore formed by combining the first half of one of these 
 words with the last half of the other, giving to it the signification of valley in the hills, or between the 
 hills. Another Chippewa word " wanadena " is also used to signify a valley between mountains, but 
 ' passadena ' bears almost exactly the same interpretation." 
 
 DR. T. B. ELLIOrr. 
 
340 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 . c^y,^. ^J The friendly personal letter accompanying 
 
 <^,jt<^ c^ /ite '^'^fiPjy this document was accidentally destroyed 
 
 S:'^<AS."^<!-h^{^^'>-'>of7U •. since Dr. Elliott's death, but this historic slip 
 
 /. ^"'l^f.'^'' '^^^ chanced to be preserved. Mrs. Elliott had 
 
 '^ ji^e^f ^ ^ vc-^^ - never seen or known personally the man 
 
 Lks/,^He7^^<4.^c<'*^^^ — who wrote it, and cannot recall his name, nor 
 
 Mf^o^ 7fe v5M?|L, ^.jjg pj^(,g where he was then located ; but she 
 
 ^eac^-^-^ ^'^^^l^^ <^^/^ vouches for this document as the original 
 
 <2^j..yi»^..-« i^a?-ci' slip or memorandum which came enclosed in 
 
 ^, , the missing letter. Hence, here we have the 
 
 OC-^^o,. <^/i-*r-] ^j.^g genesis of the name ' ' Pasadena. ' '* And 
 
 ^ ^^^ arises the question of how the name 
 
 original Notes for name Pasadena. ^^^^ ^^ ^^ formally adopted. 
 
 Hon. P. M. Green wrote a brief historic sketch for the Farnsworth 
 pamphlet entitled "A Southern California Paradise," which was printed at 
 Oakland, Cal., in 1883; and in this Mr. Green relates: 
 
 " At a meeting of the stockholders of the San Gabriel Orange Grove 
 Association held on the 22d day of April, 1875, the question of selecting a 
 permanent name came up for consideration. A number of names were 
 suggested, and among them Indianola, Granada, and Pasadena. A lengthy 
 discussion ensued as to which should be adopted. Those in favor of 
 Indianola argued that the change from "Indiana Colony" to Indianola 
 w^ould be most easily effected, and that the name would retain a hint of the 
 origin of the settlement. Those in favor of Granada argued that our 
 productions and climatic conditions were similar to those of the region of 
 that Granada which the genius of an Irving had immortalized, and therefore 
 would be appropriate. 
 
 "The late Dr. T. B. Elliott presented the name Pasadena, and stated 
 that it was an Indian name, the meaning of which was ' Crown of the 
 Valley,' and argued its appropriateness for the reason that our location was 
 at the extreme end, and in the most beautiful and romantic portion, of the 
 famous San Gabriel valley, and therefore was entitled to assume a name 
 which was so descriptiv^e of the locality, besides being beautiful, musical, 
 and euphonious. A motion to adopt the name 'Pasadena' prevailed by 
 a vote of more than four to one of those present. So, to Dr. Elliott the 
 community is indebted for the name Pasadena, so dear to ever}^ inhalntant 
 of these peopled valleys, slopes, and plains which now bear that name." 
 
 Dr. Elliott died August 13, 188 1. 
 
 The name Pasadena has heretofore been used in a comprehensive way 
 to include all the territory from the Arroyo Seco to Eaton canyon, and from 
 Lincoln park to the numerous mountain resorts which are connected by trail, 
 toll-road or railroad with Pasadena. But now, in order to distinguish this 
 
 *"Iii family conclave we discussed the list, but my father at once settled upon the Chippewa name 
 of Pasadena as his choice, it being euphonious, of fitting length, and easily spelled, so Pasadena it was 
 decided should be the one name of the list put before the meeting. U seemed to please the majority, 
 and being put to a vote, became the choice. Thus ' Pasadena ' came into legal existence among civilized 
 peoples." — Mrs. Helen Elliott Banditti, in Pasadena Daily JVetvs, Dec. 2^, iSg4. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 341 
 
 larger district from the corporation limits of Pasadena city, I have adopted 
 the term Pasadenaland, and used it throughout this volume.* 
 
 Muscat. — As early as October, 1873, D. M. Berry had named the colony 
 tract ' ' Muscat, ' ' because raising muscat grapes was then expected to be the 
 chief industry of the colonists; and Mr. Croft's diary all through October, 
 November and December speaks of it by the name of "Muscat." But 
 when the name "Orange Grove Association" was adopted, that put oranges 
 ahead of grapes, and "Muscat" as a name for the settlement went out 
 entirely. 
 
 MAJOR BONEBRAKE'S "GENESIS OF PASADENA." 
 
 In 1885 a great Citrus Fair was held in the roller skating rink, for the 
 benefit of the public library, for an account of which see Chapter 16. Then 
 on March 23, 24, 25, 26, 1886, another similar Fair was held in Williams 
 hall for the same object ; and on the 25th Major Bonebrake of Los Angeles, 
 just purely as a matter oi fun, gave a learned discussion on the genesis of 
 Pasadena's location and name, which I myself reported for the Valley Union 
 of March 26, 1886, and from which I here quote : 
 
 " Major Geo. H. Bonebrake, president of the Los Angeles Board of 
 Trade, next spoke. He showed from several points of argument that Pasa- 
 dena is the veritable site of the original garden of Eden. 
 
 ist. Philological argument : Pasadena is a euphemistic modernizing 
 of the term Pas d'Eden, or Pass of Paradise of some ancient and lost 
 language. 
 
 2nd. The geological argument : When our globe in its gasiform state 
 began to cool and solidify, it commenced at the poles and worked gradually 
 toward the equator ; hence vegetable and animal life commenced in the 
 lowest forms at the north pole and increased and improved as time advanced, 
 so that by the sixth day of creational progress the advance line had pro- 
 gressed as far south as Pasadena, or ancient " Pas d'Eden," and here man 
 was made. ' ' Adam ' ' means red earth, and plenty of this material was 
 found on the Painter & Ball hill. [Monks hill was also called "the red 
 hill."] 
 
 3rd. The Bible argument : Sundry quotations from scripture were 
 given in confirmation of this view. 
 
 4th. The aesthetic argument : Eden or Paradise was a place of all 
 perfection in beauty and loveliness, including women and flowers and all 
 manner of fruits — and here we have them all, in excellent completeness. 
 
 5th. The argument by exclusion : Nobody can show or prove that 
 any other place on earth absolutely is the original Pas d'Eden ; hence no- 
 body can prove that this is not the place, and therefore our proofs stand, 
 that this must be the very spot. 
 
 This fine piece of humor seems to have been taken in owlish earnest- 
 
 *The first instance of the name Pasadena being used elsewhere is mentioned in the Star of Septem- 
 ber 2, 1891, which says : "A friend hands us a copy of the Stamford, Conn., //^ra/rf, which contains an 
 advertisement of town lots for sale in Pasadena, New Jersey, It is a health resort near the sea shore. It 
 was so named, doubtless, because of the fame of our own Pasadena as a healthful city." 
 
 In November, 1894, there was a new health-resort town in Florida named Pasadena. 
 
 In July, 1894, a pamphlet was issued by Mrs. Cora Bacon Foster, advertising Pasadena, Texas, on 
 Cotton Patch creek, about eight miles from Houston. 
 
342 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ness for the solemn truth by Bancroft of San Francisco (Railway Guide), 
 Mrs. Cora B. Foster of Texas, and others, and made the basis of their 
 strained efforts to derive the name from the Spanish language, instead of 
 from " some ancient ajid lost language,'" as the witty Major did. 
 
 Altadena. — The name " Altadena " was coined and first used by 
 Byron O. Clark, to designate his 40-acre nursery and home place at the up- 
 per stretch of the Lincoln Avenue flat. This was in the spring of 1886 ; 
 and the first time the name appeared formally in print was on a stock of en- 
 velopes for his nursery business which he procured about that time. The 
 meaning attached to it was, "the higher Pasadena"; and in regard to its 
 later and larger application Mr. Clark in response to my inquiries, wrote me 
 January 28, 1895, thus : 
 
 "When the Pasadena Improvement Company was organized [incorpor- 
 ated February 9, 1887], its president, J. P. Woodbury, asked my permission 
 to use the name for the lands which they were laying out, and which now 
 bear the name of Altadena. He said he liked the name very much and 
 thought it especially suited for their villa sites. I consented, as I had sold 
 my home place to which it was originally applied, and was willing that the 
 name should have a more extended use." 
 
 The name Altadena has been borrowed and applied to a tract at Red- 
 lands. And Col. G. G. Green of Woodbury, New Jersey (owner of Hotel 
 Green, Pasadena), had a little daughter born at his elegant winter home in 
 our Altadena, May 15, 1888, and named her Altadena Green. 
 
 large I.AND TRACTS BY NAME. 
 
 Within Pasadenaland there are several large tracts of land bearing 
 some local designation, and with which, both as to name and land, there are 
 some interesting historic associations that call for record. 
 
 The Grogan Tract. — Judge Eaton furnishes me the following ac- 
 count : 
 
 "This tract was purchased by James Craig for Alexander B. Grogan, a 
 wealthy capitalist of San Francisco, about 1869, from Griffin and Wilson. 
 It contained 5,000 acres, and was bought for $30,000. No water right 
 went with this sale ; and as Mr. Craig wished to make a home for himself 
 on the tract, he entered into negotiations with B. S. Katon, then owner of 
 the " Fair Oaks " ranch and of three-fourths of the waters of Eaton canyon, 
 for a supply from that source, and at once commenced the improvement of 
 eighty acres — the place where he still resides. From that time onward 
 portions of the tract were occasionally acquired by residents of Pasadena, 
 until now [1894] nearly the whole 5,000 acres are under cultivation." 
 
 Mr. Grogan was born in Ireland ; came to California in 1848 ; and died 
 in San PVanci.sco September 19, 1886. 
 
 The following article from the Valley Union of April 23, 1886, is of 
 historic interest : 
 
 "The Painter & Bali, Tract has been for five years past so import- 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 343 
 
 ant a factor of Pasadena as to be little less known than the town itself. Its 
 management has contributed so largely to our growth and prosperity that a 
 brief history of it is in order. J. H. Painter and B. F. Ball, the owners of 
 the tract, are gentlemen whose lives have been intimately blended through- 
 out. Both originally residents of the same town, (Salem, Columbiana 
 county, Ohio,) they both left there long ago and emigrated to the same 
 county, (Cedar,) in Iowa. Mr. Ball left Iowa in '79 and Mr. Painter in '81, 
 both coming direct to Pasadena. A tract of 2,000 acres of land adjoining 
 Pasadena on the north was then owned by Henry G. Monks, of New York 
 city, a former resident here, and from whom Monks hill was named. Mr. 
 Painter and Mr. Ball wanted about 500 acres of this land, and negotiated 
 for it ; but found that they were likely to lose it through the determination 
 of the owner to sell it " all or none," and that there were parties in the field 
 willing to buy it all. Mr. Painter reflected upon the situation. Something 
 must be done. Dropping his head upon his breast, he said, " If I had a 
 man to go in with me I'd buy the whole tract." This appealed to Mr. 
 Ball personally. The old friends who had been together so long in Ohio 
 and Iowa, ought not to be separated in interest in California. So he says : 
 " I'll take a third of it, if you will find some man for the other third." 
 "All right," says Mr. Painter; " I will take two-thirds myself." They 
 immediately bought the whole tract, 2,000 acres, at $15 an acre, aggrega- 
 ting $30,000. They spent about $20,000 more in watering it ; and they 
 have sold it to 50 or 60 different purchasers for about $150,000, netting a 
 handsome profit on their venture. The tract with its water supply, has 
 been incorporated as the North Pasadena Land and Water Company. It 
 adjoins the old Pasadena tract on the north, and is now bounded bj^- Villa 
 street on the south and the Woodbury, Banbury and Giddings tracts on the 
 north, while its east and west lines are Lake Avenue and the Arroyo." 
 
 Monks Hill Tract. — Of this Judge Katon writes : 
 " Mr. Monks, a young Bostonian [or New Yorker (?)] came here about 
 1868, and purchased from Griffin & Wilson about two thousand acres ot 
 land, including the "red hill" [Monks Hill] as it used to be called. With 
 this tract he also acquired all the waters flowing in the canyon [Millard's] 
 above its mouth. Griffin & Wilson had already constructed a ditch from 
 the water source to a point back of Monks Hill, with a view of impounding 
 a large supply of storm water there. The work was done by a Frenchman 
 named Dargue, who had previously been tunneling into the hills at Lincoln 
 Park for hydraulic lime — the same place where the old Padres obtained all 
 their lime for their cement masonrj- at the different Missions. It had such 
 virtues as a cement plaster that it is said the missionaries hauled it in Mexi- 
 can carretas with ox teams even as far north as Monterey." 
 
 Marengo Tract. — Called also "the Bacon ranch," 800 acres, com- 
 prised what is now the Raymond Hotel grounds, the Raymond Improve- 
 ment Company's lands, and the oak timber lands south of Monterey road 
 and east of lower Fair Oaks Avenue. Its chain of title is a long story, it being 
 parts of Ranches San Pasqual and San Pasqualita. It was bought in 1855 
 by J. L. Brent, afterward a General in the Confederate a,rmy''' and who was 
 
 *"At a place called Big Cane [I^ouisana, February, 1865,] a former citizen of Los Angeles, a Con- 
 federate brigadier, J. L- Brent, commanded a small force of Confederate cavalrj'," etc. — See '' Retninisce^ices 
 oj a Ranger," by Major Horace Bell, page ^72. 
 
344 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Still living (at Baltimore, Md.,) in 1894. Brent was a warm admirer of 
 Napoleon Bonaparte, and named the ranch from Napoleon's great battlefield 
 of " Marengo." Brent sold it to B. D. Wilson, October 31, 1870. Wilson 
 sold it to H. D. Bacon. [For some earlier points, see pages 71, 72.] 
 
 Oak Knoll Tract. — This was formed into a home place by Mr. Wil- 
 son and Mr. Shorb in 1872, and named from a large, far-spreading oak tree 
 standing on a very sightly residence spot. The tree is there yet. They 
 sold it as a farm of 100 acres to Bayard T. Smith and brother, in 1883. 
 Then, during the winter of 1886 87 the Smiths sold it to a Mr. Rosenbaum 
 of New York city, chief of a syndicate of real estate speculators,* who sub- 
 divided the place, laying out and grading the winding streets as they stand 
 today, with lots in all sorts of shapes, and varying from one-half acre to 
 seven acres in size. Oak Knoll canyon rises on the west side of this tract 
 and Mill canyon on its northeast border ; and the water from these two can- 
 yons was led by ditches into the old stone mill built by the San Gabriel 
 Mission Fathers in 18 10 to 18 12. [See Chap. 19, article "Old Mill."] 
 
 Allendale Tract, adjoining Oak Knoll on the southwest, where H. 
 C. Allen bought 20 acres from Mrs. Gov. Stoneman in August. 1891, and 
 improved it in a highly picturesque and artistic manner for choice residence 
 sites. 
 
 lyOS RoBLES, or the Stoneman Ranch. — This was a tract of about 400 
 acres, a portion of it being from the old San Pasqualita or "Little San Pas- 
 qual " ranch. It formerly belonged to B. D. Wilson's son John, who died- 
 It was then sold to a Dr. Miles, who was killed in the steamboat explosion 
 at San Pedro, April 29, 1863. In 1872 Gen. George Stoneman bought it 
 from Hon. B. D. Wilson and Ex-Gov. Downey. Stoneman made consider- 
 able improvements on the place, and named it Los Robles [the Oaksj.f Its 
 north line forms a part of the south line of Pasadena city, at the end of Los 
 Robles Avenue which took its name from this ranch. Mrs. Stoneman was 
 one of the original members of the Presbyterian church of Pasadena, 
 organized March 21, 1875. Gen. Stoneman was Governor of California 
 from 1883 to 1887. He went east for medical treatment in 1890 ; and died 
 at Buffalo, N. Y., September 5, 1894. Mrs. Stoneman has sold nearly all 
 the land in small tracts, retaining to herself all underground rights of water, 
 minerals, etc., and has during the past year, 1893 4, done a large amount of 
 tunneling and piping of water in Los, Robles canyon and at foot of Oak 
 Knoll canyon. 
 
 Las Flores Ranch, better known as " the Richard.son place." This 
 comprises 70 acres, mostly from the old San Pasqualita or ' ' Little San Pas- 
 
 *The Union reported in April, 18S4, that Bayard T. Smith had sold his Oak Knoll place for $75,000 
 to W. H. and H. E- Weston of New York. I found no other mention of the Weslons, but suppose they 
 were members of the Rosenbaum syndicate. 
 
 t About Gen. Stoneman, see footnote page 75. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 345 
 
 qual " ranch, with some fractional government lots. It was originally owned 
 or worked as private land by a Frenchman named Flores — hence was called 
 the Flores place. In 1858 a Mr. Hutchinson bought it and went to raising 
 strawberries, for which he soon built up a good paying demand. In 1867 
 Mr. S. Richardson, a native of New Hampshire, bought an interest in the 
 place, ultimately securing the whole of it, and resides there yet. In order to 
 retain the old name by which it was known 25 or 30 years ago, he calls it 
 " Las Flores," the flowers, or place of flowers. This tract lies next east of 
 the lyos Robles or Stoneman place ; and the old ditch by which the Mission 
 Fathers conveyed the waters of I^os Robles canyon [or Mill spring creek] 
 along the bluff to their old stone grist mill, crossed the upper end of this Las 
 Flores ranch ; and on its land just below the ditch the priests had a garden 
 of very rich soil, easily irrigated from the ditch. Mr. Richardson himself 
 filled up parts of the old mill ditch; and some portions of it are discernible there 
 yet, especially on the east side of the road that leads down Oak Knoll can- 
 yon between the Oak Knoll and Allendale tracts, nearly at the foot of the 
 hill. There is a row of Eucalyptus trees growing along where the old ditch 
 was, on the east bank of the roadway ; and a few rods below this the road 
 crosses Mill spring creek or Willowdale creek, which is formed by the junc- 
 tion a little way above of the Los Robles and Oak Knoll brooks. 
 
 WiLivOWDALE was a 17-acre lot at the northwest corner of the Richard- 
 son place on Mill spring creek, owned and named by Capt. J. Klwood Ellis, 
 and as " Willowdale " it is mentioned in early Pasadena history. It was later 
 owned and occupied by the widow of Will J. Bennett of Pasadena, daughter 
 of Mr. Richardson, but is now comprised in the Richardson farm. A dense 
 copse or jungle of willows growing along the creek on the place gave it its 
 name of " Willowdale." [See article on " Oak Knoll canyon."] 
 
 El Molino (the Mill). — -This is the historic Spanish name of the 
 ranch now owned by E. L. Mayberry, and from which Pasadena's Moline 
 Avenue was named. It was originally El Molino Avenue, but has been 
 anglicized into the shorter and easier form of Moline, whence many people 
 erroneously think the name was taken from the great manufacturing city of 
 Moline on the Mississippi river, in Illinois. See articles on " The Old 
 Mill," and " The Lake," for further history of this tract. 
 
 Lake Vineyard Ranch, — This is the old home place of Hon. B. D. 
 Wilson, who gave it this name from the old Mission lake which was partly 
 on his place, and also the extensive vineyards which he himself planted, in 
 addition to what had been planted there during the rule of the Padres. 
 Mr. Wilson's widow still resides here. This was the so-called " Cuati " 
 grant, made by Mexico in 1830, and confirmed by the U. S. commissioners 
 in 1859 to Victoria Reid, the Indian wife of the erudite Scotchman, Hugo 
 Reid. [See page 17.] Mr. Wilson bought it from Mrs. Reid. Lake Ave- 
 
346 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 uue in Pasadeua, which was originally "Lake Vineyard Avenue," was 
 named from this ranch. But the original name was too long for this fast 
 age. 
 
 San Marino. — This is Hon. J. De Barth Shorb's home place, next 
 east of the old Lake Vineyard home of his father-in-law, Wilson. Mr. 
 Shorb's childhood home, his father's old plantation in Maryland, bore the 
 name San Marino, and he filially applied it to his elegant new home here 
 in California. 
 
 W1N.ST0N Heights. — This is the old Col. W. H. Winston farm of 180 
 acres, bought from B. D. Wilson in 1868, and lying east of San Marino, 
 along the vSanta Anita Avenue road to San Gabriel. The Winston place is 
 specially associated with Pasadena because of the long residence of L. C. 
 Winston, one of the sons, in the city — and the fact that his wife, Mrs. lUiza- 
 beth Winston, has been a prominent teacher in the Pasadena public schools 
 from 1880 till the present time — 1895. [See page 156, and foot-note to 
 page 187.] The Winston farm was a portion of the original Orizaba tract; 
 and San Marino was, also. [See third foot-note, page 53.] Mrs. M. E. 
 Winston, the aged widow, still owns the old farm, and her son, P. H. Win- 
 ston, resides on it — 1894 : but its superintendent is T. S. White, who came 
 to California in 1852 and to Los Angeles county in 1863. Mrs. Winston 
 herself resides in Los Angeles. 
 
 Fair Oaks Ranch. — Judge Eaton writes : "This name was given to 
 it by its first occupant, Mrs. Gen. Albert Sidnej^ Johnston, after a place of 
 that name, her childhood home, in Virginia." [See page 120.] 
 
 Verdugo Ranch, same as Rancho San Rafael, and joined Rancho 
 La Canyada, both of which belonged to Mariano de la Luz Verdugo, who 
 was in active .service as a Spanish soldier and officer from 1766 to 1787, and 
 was with Gov. Portola's expedition to Monterey in 1769-70, therefore 
 crossed this land from west to east in January, 1770 [See page 57J, on their 
 return trip. Verdugo is mentioned in the Spanish records as ' ' the retired 
 corporal of the San Diego company." This land was granted to him by 
 Gov. Pages, October 20, 1784, and the title was reaffirmed to him or to his 
 son Jose Maria Verdugo,* by Gov. Diego de Borcia, January 12, 1798. The 
 San Rafael ranch comprised upwards of 50,000 acres and extended nearl)' 
 to the Buena Vista-street bridge in Los Angeles. It was also called by the 
 Spaniards "La Zanj a, across the river four leagues from Los Angeles." 
 This great total of 50,000 acres of land was described in the Spanish records 
 as "bounded on the north by a sycamore tree." The hacienda or patri- 
 monial ranch house was located at the mouth of Verdugo canyon, where the 
 village of Glendale now stands. Verdugo continually borrowed money, 
 
 *Jose Maria Vtrdugo was corporal of the guard at San Gabriel most of the time from its foiiniline 
 till 179S. His father was serjjeaiit in command at Monterey from 1780 to 1787, then retired as an invalicT 
 He had served also at San Uiego and other points. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 347 
 
 giving liens on his land for security, until it was nearly all held by the 
 following creditors : Dreyfuss, Beaudry, Glassell, Chapman, Capt. Hunter, 
 Jose Ramirez, Tomas Sanchez, and others. A court commission consisting 
 of Judge B. S. Eaton, Judge A. W. Hutton and Jas. Lander, Esq., was 
 appointed in 1871 to apportion the land equally among these men, according 
 to their several claims. And thus it was that Beaudry received the hills 
 opposite Pasadena now known as the Johnson ranch ; Dreyfuss received the 
 hills and " Indian Flat " now known as Linda Vista ; Glassell received the 
 Eagle Rock and Garvanza region ; Capt. Hunter received the Highland 
 Park land ; and so on. According to law the court commission had to meet 
 on the lajid for each day's business; and every time when they came, the 
 old man Verdugo would strike a military attitude and declaim in purest 
 Spanish, with dramatic gestures, "I'm a soldier of the king! All these 
 hills are mine ! All these valleys and mesas are mine ! All these cattle are 
 mine! P m a soldier of the king ! '' After this regular prologue the court 
 commissioners could go on with their business, but not before. 
 
 The Rancho La Canyada was the long, narrow valley lying between 
 the Sierra Madre mountains and the Verdugo hills, from Arroyo Seco up 
 westward to its junction with the San Fernando valley. This grant 
 amounted to 5,000 acres of land, and included what are now called La 
 Canyada and La Crescenta ; but Monte Vista and Glorieta Heights were in 
 the Rancho Tejunga. 
 
 The Woodbury Tract. — This was an odd remnant of B. D. Wilson's 
 land up near the mountains, without water, and considered of little worth, 
 which he gave as a present to the original colony association, — in token of 
 his friendly good will, and of his satisfaction with the way they had divided 
 their lands and gone to work making improvements. The colony (San 
 Gabriel Orange Grove Association) sold about 900 acres of this mountain 
 slope body of land, in 1882, to F. J. and John Woodbury lor $5 per acre; 
 but by the time these men had secured a water .supply and got it developed 
 and distributed to the land, it had cost them about $35 per acre. Other 
 portions of the 1,400 acres were sold to S. P. Jewett and others. F. J. 
 Woodbury had in 188 1 bought of Dr. Hall's widow the original Rubio 
 canyon farm and was living there in the same house now owned by the 
 Mount Lowe Railway Company and occupied by their farming tenants. With 
 this farm Mr, Woodbury had acquired the water rights of the Rubio canyon, 
 and ultimately piped this water down over the lands bought from the colony 
 association, where the brothers each built a fine residence, planted vine- 
 yards, orange groves and other fruits, and made extensive improvements. 
 It is now the village of Altadena, and junction of the Los Angeles Ter- 
 minal railroad and of the Pasadena and Pacific Electric railway with the 
 Mount Lowe Electric railway. 
 
 O1.IVEWOOD Tract,— This was eighty acres lying between Colorado 
 
348 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 and Villa streets, and between El Molino and Lake Avenues, and a few 
 acres east of Lake Avenue along where the vSanta Fe railroad now runs. It 
 was bought in 1880 by C. T. Hopkins of vSan Francisco, the founder and 
 president of the California Insurance company of that city. He employed 
 C. C. Brown to manage the property and plant it with trees and vines, a 
 large proportion of the land being devoted to olive trees — hence the name. 
 Olive wood station of the Santa Fe railroad is on this tract ; and in 1886-87 
 a strong effort was made to establish a permanent business and trading 
 center here ; but it failed at last, leaving several empty store-rooms as 
 cenotaphs to the dead "boom." In 1894 three of these store buildings 
 were sold and moved up to Colorado street east of Marengo Avenue. 
 
 Linda Vista Tract. — In 1883 Prof. J. D. Yocum purchased a body 
 of wild land on the west bank of the Arroyo Seco which had long been 
 known as " Indian flat," where a few families of native Mexicans lived in 
 their miserable shiftless and thriftless way. This tract extended from the 
 foot of Jumbo Knob opposite Reservoir hill up to the Verdugo hills near 
 Devil's Gate, and comprised arroyo bottom and bluff lands, mesa land and 
 mountain land, all densely covered with greasewood and other native chap. 
 paral growths. It was a part of the original Rancho San Rafael. Mr. 
 Yocum cleared the land, developed water upon it, opened streets, planted 
 orchards, and made his home there ; and eventually sold portions of it to 
 other parties who likewise made homes there. The West Pasadena street 
 railway, with its $8,000 suspension bridge across the arroyo, was built and 
 operated several years to connect Linda Vista with Pasadena ; but it failed 
 to pay expenses, was finally sold for debt, torn up, and partly used in con- 
 structing the Mt. Lowe Electric railroad. 
 
 Las Casitas Tract. — The land bearing this name is a small bench 
 or plateau forming a tongue between the Arroyo Seco and Millard canyon 
 at their confluence. It was first taken as a 160-acre homestead claim in 
 1875 by J. H. Giffbrd, afterward son-in-law to John W. Wilson ; and about 
 1880, Mr. Wilson filed a claim on water in Negro canyon and made a small 
 ditch to bring water around from the canyon to Giflford's homestead house, 
 who with his young wife then lived there. Giffbrd afterward sold his land 
 to Thomas Banbury. Banbury traded the land to Preston Hollingsworth ; 
 he sold it to John L. Hartwell, who, assisted by his brother Calvin, piped the 
 water from Negro canyon down to it. Then in 1885-86 Hartwell sold it to 
 James Cambell, H. N. Rust and a Mr. Doyle, and they commenced making 
 further improvements there. Next, John R. Niles bought out the Rust and 
 Doyle interests, and he with Cambell laid it out in lots, graded streets, 
 piped water through them, named it Las Casitas, and put it on the market. 
 The name is Spanish — La Casa, the home ; Las Casitas, the little homes. 
 But Mr. Niles became deranged and had to be sent away to the insane 
 asylum ; this greatly embarrassed the business of giving titles to the lots, 
 
MISS DR. GLEASON'S STRUCTURE. 
 
 DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 349 
 
 which could all have been sold at good prices during the " boom " but for 
 this difficulty. Meanwhile Jason Brown had bought from Painter & Ball 
 80 acres on the Arroyo bluff adjoining the Ivas Casitas plat on the west, for 
 $400.* He divided this up and sold it in parcels, making about $2,000 
 clear, but it took nearly all of it to pay his debts. Then he and his brother 
 Owen took as a homestead some rough mountain land just north of Las 
 Casitas, where they lived several years, and where Owen lies buried. 
 - Among those who bought lots from Jason Brown 
 was Miss Adele Gleason, M. D., of Elmira, N. 
 Y., who erected there in 1886-87 ^ quaint and 
 picturesque sanitarium building, and opened it 
 for guests. But it proved a losing venture ; 
 and in 1890, she offered it to the State Teachers' 
 Association of California as a " home ' ' for sick 
 or disabled teachers. They had no funds to sus- 
 tain such a place, and could not accept the gift. Then in 1894, Dr. O. S. 
 Barnum of Pasadena, re-opened the sanitarium there ; and Las Casitas is 
 now one of Pasadena's established foot-mountain resorts — hve miles dis- 
 tant, and 1,800 feet above sea level. 
 
 OLD SPANISH LAND GRANTS CONFIRMED. 
 
 The Spanish and Mexican method of describing boundaries of the 
 large land estates was, by so many leagues along some stream, or some 
 range of hills, or to some rock, tree, canyon, spring, or other object, without 
 any idea at all of the definite number of acres included. But when after 
 1849, the American method of measuring lauds by townships, sections, 
 quarters, and definite acreage, began to come into use, there was a flood of 
 confusion about the old land grants, and the later titles acquired under 
 them. To remedy this, Congress in 1852, passed an act creating a commis- 
 sion to settle private land claims in California. This commission sat in Los 
 Angeles part of the time, and adjusted seventy-three individual claims in 
 this county alone — the.se ranging from 19^ acres up to 116,85814 acres to 
 one person. From the official reports on these decisions I have culled the 
 following cases within or near Pasadenaland : 
 
 ...,,., ^^ ^„.^,^ NAME OF PERSON WHOSE ^^^ ^^ .^„^o DATE OF 
 
 NAME OF GRANT. ^^^^^ ^^^^ CONFIRMED. ^«- ^^ ^^^^S" PATENT. 
 
 Mission San Gabriel Bishop J. S. Alemany 190.69 Nov. 19, 1859. 
 
 Huerta de Cuati Victoria Reid 128.26 June 30, 1859. 
 
 San Pascual Manuel Garfias 13,693 93 April 3, 1863. 
 
 La Canyada J.R.Scott et al 5,832.10 Aug. i, 1866. 
 
 Santa Anita Henry Dalton 13,319.06 Aug. 9, 1866. 
 
 Mission San Gabriel, out lot. .Bishop J. S. Alemany 55-23 Dec. 4, 1875. 
 
 San Pascual B. D. Wilson 708.57 Feb. 12, 1881. 
 
 San Rafael Julio Verdugo et al 36,403.32 Jan. 28, 1882. 
 
 San Pascual Juan Gallardo 700.00 (No date.) 
 
 Mission San Gabriel Daniel Sexton 227.75 May 16, 1871. 
 
 *Painter & Ball had bought from a man named Taylor, his unperfected homestead claim here , in 
 order to hold their own right of way from their water rights farther up the Arroyo, down to their great 
 Tract about Monks hill. 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 FLOWING SPRINGS BY NAME. 
 
 The Garfias or "Old Adobe" Spring.— This was a fine outgvish 
 of water at the top of the Arroyo bank, a few rods below the foot of Her- 
 mosa street, and near where the original Garfias adobe ranch house stood,* 
 the walls of which were finally destroyed by Geo. W. Glover, Sr., in No- 
 vember, 1886. The spring pool was in the shade of a great spreading live- 
 oak tree, and is now all boxed up, the water being piped down to Lincoln 
 Park for its domestic water supply. The Indians had a village near this 
 spring before the Spaniards came. 
 
 Baker's Spring.— At Edwin Baker's place, on Grand avenue above 
 West Columbia street, he has a natural flowing spring, with a stone milk- 
 house built over it. 
 
 San Rafael Springs, or Johnson's spring. — In the west bank of the 
 Arroyo, nearly opposite the foot of California street, there is a bog or cienega 
 which yields a continuous supply of water, and from a well here the water 
 is pumped up into cisterns at the Johnson ranch house on top of the arroyo 
 
 hill. 
 
 Sheep Corral Springs. — During the old Mission occupancy of these 
 lands a sheep corral was maintained on Reservoir Hill, because of its good 
 outlook against approach of coyotes, foxes, bears, etc.; and at the foot of 
 its north slope was the great bog of water-bearing land for their drink supply. 
 Hon. Stephen C. Foster tells me that the padres kept all their black sheep 
 in flocks by themselves on rancho San Pasqual, and their white sheep on 
 rancho San Antonio, along the San Gabriel river above Downey. To save 
 expense of dying, the wools were cleaned and spun separately, then mixed 
 in the weaving, making salt-and-pepper cloth, and sometimes black and 
 white barred or striped goods, etc. This sheep corral was kept up in the 
 earlier years of the Garfias occupancy ; but was improved and better utilized 
 while (irifiin and Wilson owned the ranch and were getting in some Yankee 
 push and enterprise to make the thing "pay." So when our Pasadena 
 colonists took the land they found remnants of sheep-corral fences, and 
 bottom timbers of the rude huts of the herders and booths of the shearers ; 
 and they hauled away tons of sheep manure to fertilize their young orange 
 trees. The name "sheep corral," therefore, applied to a thirty- or forty-acre 
 body of hill-top and slope and bottom land all around and above the springs 
 where the pumping works are now located. I have noticed that some 
 eastern people, not understanding our western word "corral," have written 
 this spring up gushingly as the "coral springs." That would do very well 
 for Florida, but not for California. f 
 
 *Mrs. G. W. Robinson, whose husband was jailor at Los Angeles in the early ,sos. tells nie that they 
 lived in a part of the Garfias house in I.os Anneies, corner of Main and I'irst streets, and she and Mrs. 
 Garfias used to take their family washings out to this spring and have the work done there. The major 
 domo of Mrs. Garfias's mother lived there then, in charge of the ranch. 
 
 tThe blunder of a misprint of this name occurred in the I'arnsworth pamphlet of 1883, on page 49— 
 " coral." It was printed at Oakland. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 351 
 
 The Ben Wilson Spring. — In 1874, J. Benjamin Wilson, son of 
 John W. Wilson, secured a tract of land which extended down over the 
 Arroyo bluff near the west end of L/Ogan street ; and toward the bottom of 
 the high bank or bluff there was an issue of water which he developed 
 somewhat himself. Then in October and November, 1884, W. F. Gowie 
 run a tunnel in 200 feet for him and claimed a flowage of 7 inches of water. 
 The same property in 1894, is owned by P. W. lyloyd. 
 
 The Richardson Spring.— In 1877, Geo. A. Richardson bought 37 
 acres of land next north of Wilson's, and opened a spring in the bluff por- 
 tion of it. This spring was a few years ago purchased by the Painter 
 Brothers, and the water was pumped up to irrigate lands which they owned 
 on the arable flat above. In 1894 the spring was bought by the Pasadena 
 Land and Water Co., and also the Wilson spring and tunnel. 
 
 Feutterwheel Springs. — ^Just below the rocky point on ea.stside of 
 Devil's Gate there was formerly a great body of bog soil reaching perhaps 
 twelve feet above the Arroyo bed ; but it is all tapped or underdrained, and 
 entirely changed in appearance and character now, by the water company's 
 tunnels. At an early day, about 1872, a man named Chesley Cawthon im- 
 proved the water flowage on top of this bog-bank so as to gather its many 
 ripples into one stream and guide it by a plunge flume upon a wooden 
 water wheel which he had constructed. To this wheel he attached some 
 light machinery for boring, sawing, etc., and manufactured rustic chairs 
 from alder, sycamore, willow, and other light woods of the Arroyo. One 
 day B. D. Wilson was up there looking at it and playfully called it the 
 " flutterwheel mill." The name stuck, and that place is called " flutter- 
 wheel springs " to this day. Some fragments of Cawthon's old wheel were 
 there yet when our colonists took possession. Mr. Cawthon also built an 
 adobe house nearly where Yolo Avenue and Mountain street now join, at 
 Reservoir No. i. About 1880 81 L. H. Michener lived in this Cawthon 
 adobe house, the land on which it stood having been bought by his father- 
 in-law, John H. Painter. 
 
 Thibbets Springs. — A Mr. Thibbets held a squatter's right on the 
 land next north of Devil's Gate on the east side, where there is perhaps an 
 acre of boggy or waterbearing soil, and lived there some years as its first 
 white-man occupant. Hence Judge Eaton called it by Thibbets's name, and 
 it so remains. 
 
 Ivy Springs. — A man named Silas Ivy first claimed a body of land 
 on the west side above Devil's Gate, where the La Canyada creek enters 
 the Arroyo. Here were numerous trickles of water coming out of an ex- 
 tensive sandbed, and on being led into a common channel they formed a nice 
 little stream, the entire .sandbed being called " Ivy Springs," from Mr. Ivy, 
 and not from the poison oak or "ivy" growing there, as many have supposed. 
 
352 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The Bacon Spring. — As late as 1884 there was a spring with a large 
 barrel set down into it for a curb, under a sycamore tree at the head of the 
 Raymond brook, a few rods southeast from Raymond station. But its water 
 supply was tapped first by the building of the city sewer down across its 
 head source ; then by the digging and walling up of a large spring or well 
 at the foot of the north driveway up Raymond hill, where a steam pump 
 stood for a year or two ; then by the grading or deep cut of the L,os An- 
 geles, Ramona and Pasadena R. R., now the Southern Pacific, a little way 
 east and south from the old spring place. This spring was also called the 
 " sycamore spring," and the " Marengo spring." 
 
 There are also some developed springs in Los Robles canyon which 
 rises at the foot of Los Robles avenue. Also water trenches and tunnels in 
 the springs at head of Oak Knoll canyon — foot of Moline avenue. 
 
 WHO NAMED THE .STREETS, AND WHY. 
 
 Names that are given to streets from some well-known historic person- 
 age, or some state, or some favorite tree, etc., are obvious enough as to their 
 intent and meaning ; and I have not included such in this record. But 
 those which were named for some special personal or private reason, or had 
 some special historic association in their naming, are here recorded in alpha- 
 betical order, with such explanations as I have been able to gather in each 
 case. There are undoubtedly others that should be included in this list, 
 but in regard to which I did not get hold of the necessary data. The 
 reader who wishes to find the particular location of any of these streets is 
 referred to the city directory or city map ; to give local details of that sort 
 is the business of a directory, and not of a history volume. 
 
 Adella Aveiiue. — Opened first by A. Ninde, in 1886, through his land, 
 and named after his daughter, Mrs. A. V. Dunsmore. 
 
 Adena Street. — Opened by Dr. R. K. Janes (dentist), and named after 
 his wife. 
 
 Allen Avenue. Opened when the Grogan tract was sul^divided ; and it 
 was named in honor of Wm. Allen, who owned a ranch of 474 acres called 
 "The Sphinx," up near the mountains, and this avenue formed the west 
 line of his land. Mr. Allen had come from England and settled here in 
 18^9. 
 
 Arbor Street. — Opened by I. M. Hill, and named from the cypress 
 arbor leading from the front of his hou.se to Orange (^.rove Avenue. This 
 house was the third one built in the original colony settlement — built by 
 Col. J. Banbury, who also planted and trained the arl)or in front, and it was 
 a notable thing in the early colon5^ days, as a cool and shady place for the 
 family meals in warm weather, and the scene of many delightful social 
 gatherings. [The arbor was cut away in 1895.] 
 
 Arcadia Street.— O^n^A in October, 1886, by Revs. A. W. Bunker and 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 353 
 
 I. G. Sigler, two Methodist preachers. Named from Washington Irving's 
 "Arcadia." 
 
 Arlingto7i Drive. — Opened and named by C. H. Richardson of Pasa- 
 dena and Dr. W. G. Cochran of Los Angeles, in November, 1885. But 
 just why this name was given I failed to learn. 
 
 Ashtabula Street. — Mr. Elon Hart first opened this street and was 
 going to name it in honor of Joshua R. Giddings of Ohio. Then I sug- 
 gested that as there were so many people named Giddings residing here, the 
 name would miss of its historic intent. But if he would name it Ashtabula, 
 after the county and district in uortheastern Ohio [the historic "Western Re- 
 serve"] which sent Giddings to congress continuously for seventeen years as 
 an anti-slavery champion, between 1840 and i860, I thought this special 
 historic association would cling to it for all time. So he named it Ashtabula 
 street. This was, I think, in 1887. 
 
 Arroyo Drive. — This street or roadway was laid out by the original 
 colonists, and so named because it followed the meander line of the Ar- 
 royo's east bank ; and also because it was the road they must follow to get 
 down to their wood lots — these being narrow strips or allotments of tim- 
 bered land which stretched from this Arroyo Drive on the east down the 
 steep, high bank, thence across the wash, thence up the wooded hill-slopes 
 west of the Arroyo. 
 
 Bandini Avenue. — Opened first by D. W. Shelhamer, and named in 
 honor of the historic family represented by Arturo Bandini, a native 
 Spaniard, whose land it passed through, and whose father was a historic 
 personage. [See pages 80, 87, etc.]* (Arturo Bandini married the daughter 
 of Dr. T. B. Elliott, president of the original "Indiana Colony," and has 
 taken a leading part in the hunting and field sports of Pasadena from its 
 foundation.) Bayard T. Smith, J. A. Wood and others opened it as Ban- 
 dini Avenue south of California street. Other parties opened a northward 
 extension of this avenue, but ignored the local historic fitness of the name 
 with which Mr. Shelhamer, Bayard Smith, Mr. Wood and Mr. Bandini had 
 started it, and dubbed their portion " Michigan Avenue," in direct violation 
 of the uniform custom in Pasadena, by which any extension of a street .al- 
 ways carried the name applied at its first opening — probably through ig- 
 norance of the relations of Mr. Bandini' s father and mother to the Amer- 
 ican acquisition and occupancy of this country. And if that perversion of 
 
 *Col. R. S. Baker, of Baker block fame iu I^os Angeles, came to California in 1849, and died May 
 26, 1894. And in a brief sketch ot his life the Los Angeles Herald gave this bit of history : "In 1874 he 
 married the widow of Don Abel Stearns, daughter of Don Juan Bandini, who was half owner [with 
 Stearns] at one time of nearly the whole of Southern California" Don Juan Bandini's father is buried 
 under the flag stones at San Gabriel : and his grandfather was captain of the Spanish war ship Reina in 
 the great historic battle of Trafalgar, October 21, 1805. He was at work writing a history of Southern 
 California when he died in Los Angeles, November 2, 1859. The "Centennial History of Los Angeles 
 County " p. 32, says : " He was a profound thinker and a clear, forcible writer." After his death the 
 family loaned hisnianusrripts to the Bancroft History Company at San Francisco, trusting its agent's 
 word of honor to return them; but they have never been able to get back a sheet of it since. 
 
 23 
 
354 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 street name continues, it will be a lasting shame and disgrace to Pasadena. 
 It ought to be Bandini Avenue clear through. 
 
 Benefit Court. — Opened in 1887 by A. F. Keyes, and named from 
 Benefit street in Worcester, Mass., his former home. 
 
 Bellevue Drive. — Opened by James Smith in 1885. Bellevue is French 
 for beautiful or lovely view, and is a smooth, easy, pleasant-sounding word ; 
 and for these reasons it was applied as a name for this street. 
 
 Bradford Street. — Opened by H. J. Holmes. He had a favorite son 
 who graduated in the Naval Academy at Anapolis, Maryland, and held an 
 official position in the U. S. navy. This son married a Miss Bradford ; 
 they had a boy baby named Bradford Holmes, and Mr. Holmes named his 
 new street after this little grandson. 
 
 Buckeye Street. — Opened by Elon Hart, and named from Ohio, the 
 Buckeye state, from whence he came. 
 
 Burton Street. — Opened by Mrs. Mary A. Burton, and named for her 
 husband. (1887.) 
 
 Camden Street. — Opened by Hon. Delos Arnold and Dr. O. H. 
 Conger, and named that way by Mr. Arnold just because he fancied the 
 name. 
 
 Carlton Street. — Opened by F. B. Wetherby, in i886, and named 
 from the Carlton hotel, which was just at that time the most notable project 
 under way at Pasadena's business center. 
 
 Colter Street. — Opened and named by M. H. Weight, in August, 
 1885, through the "center" of his land. 
 
 Champlain 5/^^r/.— Opened by, W. S. Holland, in 1886. His birth- 
 place was Penton, Vermont, on Lake Champlain, and this was why he 
 so named his new street. 
 
 Chestnut Street. — Opened by H. F. Ooodwin, 1886 ; named from 
 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. 
 
 Concord Street (^Court). In 1886-87 .some New England people 
 
 opened this small extension oppo.site the east end of Kansas street ; and in 
 February, 1887, they started a movement to have the name of Kansas street 
 changed to Concord street, notwithstanding that for a length of six sc^uares 
 (from Marengo to Vernon avenue) it had been duly entered on the county 
 records as Kansas street. Against this presumptuous move a storm of 
 indignation and vehement protest was raised by the settlers and lot-owners 
 on Kansas street ; and the project failed. [In 1894 the City Council changed 
 the name to Green street, in deference to Hotel Green and its owner.] 
 
 Congress Street. — The H. H. Markham tract was platted and put 
 upon the market by a real estate firm while Mr. Markham was in congress 
 from this district, and the street was named by them in honor of the public 
 place which he then held- 1885. This was five years before he reached the 
 higher distinction of Governor of California. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 355 
 
 Craig Avenue. — This was laid out when the Grogan tract was sur- 
 veyed for subdivision, in 1876, and named for James Craig, an Englishman 
 who came here in 1869 as agent for Mr. Grogan of San Francisco, and 
 bought from Griffin and Wilson 5,000 acres of land without any water right 
 attached. This land became historic as the "Grogan Tract," and Mr. 
 Craig acquired 150 acres of it himself, building a home there which he 
 called "The Hermitage." This Mr. Craig made the first brave, strong 
 effort to secure artesian water in Pasadena, sinking a well with that object 
 490 feet deep, on East Villa street, but which never outflowed a drop. 
 
 Dayton Street. — Opened by J. H. Baker, in 1884, ^^^ named in 
 commeration of his wife's birthplace, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 Delniar Street. — Opened in 1885, by Will Defriez and his mother 
 Mrs. Susan A. Defriez. It was named from Delmar Avenue, St. lyouis, their 
 former home ; and in St. Eouis it was an old French family name. 
 
 DeLacy Street. — First opened by Alex. F. Mills, in 1884, and named 
 after his father-in-law, R. W. Eacy. Mr. Eacy's original family name had 
 the French form, DeEacy, but his father had dropped the De, and in naming 
 his street Mr. Mills used the old original family name. 
 
 Douglas Street. — Opened by a land syndicate under the manage- 
 ment of Dr. Eyman Allen, in 1887. A Mrs. Flynn and her sister were 
 large shareholders, and the street was named after Mrs. Flynn 's son, 
 Douglas. 
 
 Eldorado Street. — Opened by Justus Brockway, in 1886, and named 
 from Eldorado county, Cal., where he had formerly resided. 
 
 Elevado Drive. — This street was first opened by Charles R. Foote, in 
 October, 1886, and named Berkshire street, in memory of his old home, 
 Berkshire county, Massachusetts. The real estate firm of D. Galbraith and 
 G. Roscoe Thomas then bought Mr. Foote's land, divided it up into smaller 
 lots and pushed their sale. But they said, " In all the country west of New 
 York the name Berkshire is so thoroughly identified with a certain favorite 
 breed of hogs that everybody who sees the name of this street will at once 
 think 'hog!' and we don't want people to think hog on our street." So 
 they changed the name to "Elevado," which is Spanish for elevated, or 
 " 'way up " — but whether this applied most to the upness of the lots or the 
 upness of the prices, history fails to tell. 
 
 Esther Street. — Opened by E. H. Michener, in 1886, and named 
 after his wife, Esther Painter, daughter of John H. Painter. 
 
 Eticlid Ave7iue. — First opened by C. M. Skillen, who came here from 
 Ohio in 1880, and named his new street after the famous Euclid Avenue of 
 Cleveland, Ohio. This was in September, 1885. 
 
 Fair Oaks Avenue. — When the original San Gabriel Orange Grove 
 Association's colony lands were platted, this street formed their east bound- 
 ary, and was named after the " Fair Oaks" farm (then owned by Judge 
 
356 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Eaton, who was also president of the Association) — the only spot on the 
 whole San Pasqual ranch which had been put under proper cultivation to 
 show what the land would produce. The Iviir Oaks farm is now owned by 
 Hon. J. F. Crank. What is now called Lincoln Avenue, running diagon- 
 ally northwest, was at first a part of Fair Oaks Avenue and was the bound- 
 ary line of the colony lands. The Valley Lhiiou of June 4, 1886, gives an 
 account of the straightening of this avenue, which is a good illustration of 
 how things went in the boom time, and I quote : 
 
 "The awkward bend in F'^air Oaks Avenue where it bore off north- 
 westward from the foot of the Dunton place has been an eyesore to good 
 Pasadenians for many years. But now a syndicate, lieadcd by the brothers 
 M. D. and A. J. Painter, has l)OUght or negotiated for all of the lands 
 necessary to open a street through on a straight line from the Raymond 
 hotel to Mountain \'iew cemetery and the mountains The first accpiisition 
 necessary was a small triangle on the old Dunton home-place now l)elonging 
 to Mrs. Dr. Thomas, and for this triangle the syndicate paid $1,200. Next 
 north is the Dr. Sheldon property, now owned by the Hon. Delos Arnold of 
 Marshalltown, Iowa, who is all right on streets. Next are the twenty acres 
 owned by the three Misses Stowell and their companion, for which $25,500 
 was paid. Next, the Carey place of five acres, owned l)y Dr. J. S. Baker, 
 the health oflScer of Los Angeles, and $5,000 was paid for this tract. Next 
 is the Miller place of about four acres — price not given. Next, J. S. 
 Hearn's place, four and one-half acres, $5,000. Then a small triangle be- 
 longing to Carter & Miller, which was bought for $500. This lets them 
 through to Mountain Avenue at its junction with north Fair Oaks, at what 
 is known as the John Allin place, and from there Fair Oaks runs straight 
 by an easy grade to the cemetery, and beyond." 
 
 After the job was done, the same paper on July 9, 1886, said: "The 
 straightened part of Fair Oaks x\venue is about half a mile long and seventy 
 feet wide, and has cost for property to cut it through about $38,000." 
 
 lu'rst Sttcti. — A short street opened by the real estate firm of Wallace 
 Bros., and so named because it was at that point the first street south of 
 Colorado. 
 
 Florence Street. — Opened by Milford Fish, in the autumn of 1887, and 
 named after his daughter, Florence. 
 
 Galena Avoiue. — iMrst part opened ami named by James Hewitt from 
 Chicago, when he laid out Hewitt's subdivision. Street named after 
 Galena, Illinois. 
 
 Garfias Avenue. — Opened by Wotkyns Bros, and Scharff Bros, through 
 their respective subdivisions. Other parties had agreed to continue it on 
 down to the old Garfias adobe ranch house, the ruins of which were then 
 still remaining, 1887, and this gave the name ; but that extension, and 
 another one promi.sed northward, were not made. [For Garfias occupancy, 
 see page 63, and following.] 
 
 Gertrude 0«y/. Opened by Dr. L. A. Wright, and named after his 
 little daughter, in 1886. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 3.S7 
 
 Glenarm Street. — Named by Thomas Banbury, from his wife's child- 
 hood home place in Ontario, Canada. 
 
 Glendale Street.^ In 1885 M. W. McGee from Kan.sas City, Mo., 
 bought the well-improved colony home of W. O. Swan, Sr. The orchard 
 extended through from Fair Oaks to Marengo Avenue, with the family 
 mansion a])Out midway, and a private drive passing through from one 
 avenue to another in front of the vine-trellised house and amply shaded front 
 yard, where flowers, shrubbery, and a fountain added to the rural 
 beauty of the place. Mr. McGee named it Glendale, and placed a sign 
 bearing this name over the driveway entrance on each avenue. In 1887 he 
 sold to a real estate syndicate that portion of his land lying between Fair 
 Oaks Avenue and the railroad track, and they made his private driveway 
 into a street, naming it Glendale. Then he extended it on up to Marengo 
 Avenue. 
 
 Glorieta Street. — This name used to be laughed at as rather fantastical, 
 for it was supposed to be a bit of superlative boom gush, meaning only 
 " glorious," or something of that sort. But there is a Glorieta postoffice in 
 Santa Fe county, New Mexico ; and there is a large tract called Glorieta 
 Heights away up northwest above I^a Canyada ; and the Santa Fe railroad 
 cros.ses the Glorieta mountains in New Mexico at an altitude of 7,453 feet. 
 
 Gordon Terrace. — Opened by James Smith, in 1885. He had a son 
 named James Gordon Smith ; and about this time the English army in 
 India, under Gen. Gordon, was cooped up in Khartoum Ijy the rebellious 
 natives, and the General was killed ])efore re-inforcements could reach him. 
 This was an event of world-wide celebrity at the time, and really decided 
 the naming of this street. 
 
 Grmid Avenue. — One dny some time in 1885, Thomas Nelmesand Mrs. 
 R. Iv Burnham chanced to make a social call at I. M. Hill's residence on 
 the same evening. The great real estate boom was then rising to its flu.sh- 
 tide, and, of course, became the topic of conver.sation. They all owned 
 land reaching from Orange Grove Avenue to the bluff declivity. The idea 
 was broached that a wide street with trees on both sides and in the middle 
 might he opened, following the meander line of the bluff, with one tier of 
 lots having the Arroyo view. Mrs. Hill exclaimed, " O, wouldn't that be 
 grand!" Mr. Nelmes responded, "And that shall be its name — Grand 
 Avenue!" Thus the project was started ; however, some owners would not 
 give land enough for the wideness desired ; and so the grandness was some- 
 what deplumed ; but the name stuck. 
 
 Grant Street. — Opened by Dr. Thomas Rigg and W. O. Swan, vSr., in 
 October, 1885, and named, of course, in honor of Gen. Grant. 
 
 Green Street. — .See Kansas street. 
 
 Henrietta Court. — Ojjened by A. Cruickshank, and named for his wife. 
 
 Hoimard Street. — Opened by Dr. O. H. Conger, and named after his 
 only son, Howard Conger. 
 
358 HISYORY OF t'ASADItNA. 
 
 Hudson Avenue.— O-^^w^di by Wetherby and Kayser, in i8S6, and 
 named by Mr. Wetherby from the Hudson river, the scene of his boyhood 
 days. 
 
 Herkimer Street. — Opened by S. D. Bryant, first through his own land 
 on Los Robles Avenue, then he had to buy enough of a strip to extend it 
 through to Moline Avenue, rather than have it stand as a mere court. He 
 named it from Herkimer county. New York, his native place. 
 
 HolUston Avenue. — First opened in 1887 by H. R. Case, and named 
 from Hollistou, Mass., his old home. 
 
 Hull Street. — Opened in 1886 by a syndicate, and named after E. R. 
 Hull. 
 
 Hurlbut Street. — Named after E. F. Hurlbut. It stops at the stone 
 wall which encloses the east side of his fine home place. It was first called 
 " Terrace Avenue," and is so named on some old maps ; but that name had 
 no sense or fitness in that localit}^ and was changed to Hurlbut. 
 
 Ipsivich Street. — Opened in 1885, by Henry A. Wallis, who was born at 
 Ipswich, Mass., in a house that was erected there in 1630, and is still 
 standing. 
 
 Kansas Street. — Opened first by Martin Mullins, through the Mul- 
 lins tract, and named for the State he came from. This tract was the first 
 regularly platted and recorded block of village lots ever made in Pasadena, 
 the small lots previou.sly sold having been described by metes and bounds. 
 Mr. Mullins had bought from John S. Mills seven acres, " being the s % of 
 lot 6 in Berry & Elliott's subdivision in the subdivided lands of the San 
 Gabriel Orange Grove Association, in the Ranclio San Pasqual, Los Angeles 
 county, California — 47 lots." Plat recorded November 24, 1883 — only six 
 days ahead of Wesley Bunnell's plat of his lots on Union street and Little 
 avenue. The first dwelling house on Kansas street was built by Dr. H. A. 
 Reid, at corner of Pasadena Avenue and Kansas street, early in 1884. Feb- 
 ruary' ii^, 1887, an attempt was made to change the name to Concord street, 
 but was defeated. But in 1894 the city council changed the name to Green 
 street, in deference to Col. G. G. Green and his great hotel. 
 
 Kensington Place. — Opened by W. U. Masters, and named by the lady 
 members of his family, after Kensington, England (London). 
 
 Kirkwood Avenue. — Named after ex-Gov. Samuel Kirkwood of Iowa. 
 He served also as ITnited States senator ; and as secretary of the Interior 
 in President Garfield's cabinet. After all these high honors he settled down 
 quietly at his family home in the outskirts of Iowa City ; and just for a 
 joke his neighbors elected him road overseer. He took the office, and made 
 the jokers work, so that at the end of the year the township had better 
 roads than it ever knew before. 
 
 Lake Avenue. — This was originally called Lake Vineyard Avenue, 
 laid out by Hon. B. D. Wilson and named after his Lake Vineyard 
 
DIVISION FIVK — NAMKS. 359 
 
 home place. In the boom time an extension of this thoroughfare was 
 opened up to I^as Flores canyon, and an effort made to call this new part 
 "Prospect Avenue," as a name more likely to attract buyers. Hut that 
 name did not stick, for it is now called Tyake Avenue all the way up. 
 
 Utile Avenue. — (Jpened by Wesley Bunnell, and plat recorded 
 November 30, 1883, six days after Martin Mullins had his Kansas street 
 tract recorded. Mr. Bunnell had joined with Williams and O'Hara in open- 
 ing Union street, then he opened this avenue from the end ol Union street 
 as it then was, out through his own land south to Colorado street. He had 
 bought this land from an old bachelor named Iv P. Little, who went back 
 east ; and as it was only a little short street, these two facts settled the name 
 of it as " Little Avenue." 
 
 Livhi^slo?i Place. Opened and named by Wotkyns Bros. They 
 were all New Yorkers. Livingston IMace in New York city was familiar to 
 them ; and one of the brothers who was very tall, — 6 feet lyi inches — had 
 Livingston for his middle name ; and so they named it. 
 
 Lockehaven Street. Opened by Mrs. R. C. Locke, through 30 acres 
 which she bought in 1874. Named after her colony home place there, 
 " Locke Haven." 
 
 Los Robles Avenue. Opened by Hon. B. 1). Wilson, in 1876, and 
 named from Gov. Stoneman's place at the lower end of the street, which 
 was called the " Los Robles ranch," or home. The street ended at vStone- 
 man's fence^ which still stands there and forms the south line of the city. 
 Los Robles is Spani.sh for " the oaks." 
 
 Madeline Road. — 0\)Q.\\^di by Gen. Edwin Ward, and named for his 
 daughter Madeline, now Mrs. Kirk of Chicago. 
 
 Madison Avenue. — First opened by lid. L. l^'arris and Dr. Wm. Con- 
 verse, in 1885. Dr. Converse was from Chicago, and he named their new 
 street from Madi.son avenue in that city. 
 
 Marengo Ave^iue. — Also opened by B. I). Wils<jn ; and named from the 
 " Marengo ranch " at its south end, then owned by H. I). Bacon, but now 
 much divided up. 
 
 Mary Street. — Messrs. W. C. Mosher and B. F. Ball owned colony 
 tracts adjoining each other and extending from Fair Oaks Avenue west to 
 Vernon Avenue. In the boom time they wanted to open a street along their 
 joint line, and were for some time in a (juandary about what name to give 
 it. But finally Mr. Mosher .spoke up with a sudden impulse, " Frank, 
 your wife's name is Mary, isn't it ? " 
 
 "Yes, her name's Mary," replied Ball. 
 
 " Well, my wife's name is Mary, too. We'll call it Mary Street,''' said 
 Mosher. And that .settled the matter. Mary street it went, though 
 " Two Marys street" would fit the case more historically. 
 
 Mayleii Street. — Opened by Mrs. R. E. Burnham, in 1886. Her father's 
 
360 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 mother's maiden name was Maylen, and she was a direct descendant from 
 Lord Maylen Chamberlain of Coventry, England, and inherited property 
 from him. Mrs. Burnham's only daughter, now deceased, was named 
 Mary Maylen Burnham ; and from thCvSe facts came the name of this street. 
 
 Aft'fifor Ave?me. -Opeued in 1886 by Ed, Karris and Dr. G. Roscoe 
 Thomas. Their wives were both born at Mentor, Ohio, and were school- 
 mates there in their girlhood ; and this was the reason for so naming the 
 street. But Mentor had also become famous as the home place of Presi- 
 dent Garfield ; and Mrs. Thomas's father was a member of the state legis- 
 lature with Garfield when the latter commenced his remarkable and noble 
 political career. 
 
 Mercer Street. — Opened by J. H, Fleming, and named from his native 
 town, Mercer, in Mercer county, Pennsylvania. From there also he enlisted 
 as a Union soldier in the 5th Pennsylvania infantry regiment. 
 
 Millard Aveyiiie. — Opened and named by E. Millard, one of the early 
 city conncilmen. 
 
 Mill Street. — This was originally only a private driveway from Colo" 
 rado street to A. F. Mills's cottage, which he had built in part from the 
 original colony school house that had been moved from below California 
 street on Orange Grove Avenue up to the 5-acre school lot donated by B. D. 
 Wilson at the business center. In 1884, when Martin MuUins opened Kansas 
 street through the middle of his 7-acre tract, he opened an alley for rear 
 access to his business lots fronting on Fair Oaks Avenue, and this connected 
 with Mr. Mills's private driveway, so that there was a passage clear through 
 from Colorado to Kansas street, and it was commonly called Mills's drive 
 or Mills street. But in January, 1886, Messrs. A. Pickard and H. M. Porter 
 started a feed mill in a rough frame building on the east side of this alley or 
 driveway ; and Mr. Mills says it took its record name of " Mill street" from 
 this pioneer mill, and not from his name. 
 
 Moline Avenue. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, and originally called 
 El Molino [the Mill] Avenue, from the El Molino ranch or home place of 
 Col. E. J. C. Kewen, now owned by E. L. Mayberry, — where the historic 
 old mill built by the Mission Fathers is still standing, and much visited by 
 relic hunting tourists. [See page 42.] 
 
 Mulberry Street. — Opened by A. Ninde, in 1886, and named from Mul- 
 berry street in Baltimore, Maryland, his boyhood home. 
 
 Mundell Drive. — Opened and named bj' I. N. Mundell, the first city 
 marshal of Pa.sadena. 
 
 Oakland Avenue. — This street was named at a meeting held in the 
 office of the Lyman Allen Land Co., in 1886, of parties interested in getting 
 it opened clear through from Colorado to California .street, but which was 
 not accomplished. There were .some fine old oak trees along its line, and as 
 a compromise tie-up ])elween these and Oakland, California, the name was 
 adopted. [Finally opened through in 1895.] 
 
DIVISION F^IVE — NAMES. 36 1 
 
 Olcotl Place. — Opened by Geo. F. Kernaghan and Hon. Delos Arnold, 
 and named by Mr. Kernaghan after George M. Olcott of New York, his 
 former business partner. 
 
 Orange Grove Avenue. — Laid out and named by Calvin Fletcher, who 
 superintended the platting and subdivision of the original colony lands of 
 the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, in December and January, 
 1873-74. He took pains to bring two large live-oak trees into the middle of 
 the street so that they might be preserved, and not destroyed by private 
 cupidity or stupidity, as many other such trees were afterward. And those 
 two trees still remain — 1895. [See page 167.] 
 
 Painter Street. — Opened by ly. H. Michener, and named in honor of his 
 father-in-law, John H. Painter, the head man of the great Painter & Ball 
 tract enterprise. The north line of the city runs along this street. Mr. 
 Painter was father of the Painter brothers, M. D. and J. A., who built the 
 Painter Hotel, opened Fair Oaks Avenue through on a straight line, built 
 and owned the City Railroad Company's street car lines up to and beyond 
 North Pasadena, and other public enterprises. [For Father Painter's con- 
 nection with "Old John Brown," see page 325.] 
 
 Palmetto .S/r<?^/.— Opened by H. W. Magee in 1885. Named from 
 palmetto trees planted along its borders. 
 
 Pearl Street. — First opened by A. Ninde, and named from Pearl street 
 in Baltimore, Md., his early home. 
 
 Peoria Street. — Opened in 1886 by Miller and Carpenter, and named 
 from Peoria, 111. The same parties had previously opened and named Illi- 
 nois street. 
 
 Ramona Street. — Named by Mrs. Cordelia A. Boynton and Miss E. L. 
 Ogden, from Helen Hunt Jackson's famous Southern California story of 
 " Ramona." 
 
 Raymond Avenue. — This thoroughfare starts near the Ra^-mond depot at 
 the great hotel from which it takes its name, and runs in straight line four 
 miles, to Mountain View Cemetery. It was first opened at the lower part, 
 and name agreed upon, by eight or ten diiferent land owners who subdivided 
 their lands into city lots, in 18S7. 
 
 Sa7i Pasqual Street. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, in 1876, and 
 named from the San Pasqual ranch, as it then formed the boundary line 
 between that ranch and his home place called the L,ake Vineyard ranch. 
 
 Santa Anita Avenue. — Opened in 1868 by Wilson and Griffin when they 
 sold the Grogan tract and other lands out of their San Pasqual ranch. 
 It was the east boundary of the Grogan and Winston tracts, and extends in 
 a straight line from the mouth of Eaton canyon down to California street, or 
 below it to the cienega in the Craig Avenue swale, where Ford Bros, sunk 
 the first successful artesian well in this region. The west line of the orignal 
 " Rancho Santa Anita " extended from Eaton canyon diagonall}' southwest- 
 
362 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ward to about the junction of Hill Avenue and California street ; this new, 
 straight north-and-south av^enue was therefore on land from that ranch, and 
 hence its name. What is now known as the Santa Anita ranch, or " Lucky 
 Baldwin's" place, is only a fraction of the original body of land covered by 
 that Spanish title; but Baldwin still holds the old name. 
 
 Shorb Avenue, — Opened and named by Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb. 
 
 St. John Avenue. — Opened by James Cambell, and named after Kx-Gov. 
 John P. St. John of Kansas, the prohibition candidate for president in 1884. 
 Mr. Cambell and iiis wife were much devoted to the cause of state and 
 national prohibition, and thus testified their regard for the great leader of 
 that cause. 
 
 Summit Avenue. — First opened by Stephen Townsend, in 1886, and so 
 named because it lay along the summit of a ridge at his place between Fair 
 Oaks and Marengo Avenues. 
 
 Terrace Drive. — First opened by Hannah R. Arnold, Delos Arnold, 
 Mary A. Bartlett and Dr. O. H. Conger. They named it Terrace Drive 
 because it was cut along the hill slope in terrace fashion. 
 
 Union ^//r^/.^ Opened in November, 1883, by R. Williams, Thomas 
 O'Hara and Wesley Bunnell, and named Union street because they "united" 
 in opening it. At this time it only extended from Fair Oaks Avenue east to 
 Little Avenue. Of course there was then no Raymond Avenue nor railroad. 
 
 Valley Street. — Opened by S. Washburn and J. H. Baker, in 1884-5. 
 At this time the word " valley " was much in vogue. Pasadena was rapidly 
 winning fame as the "crown of the valley"; the local paper was called 
 ''Valley Union''; the San Gabriel Valley Railroad [now Santa Fe route] 
 was then struggling with difficulties and pushing its way forward, Mr. 
 Washburn being its treasurer and one of its three chief promoters. So he 
 named his new street Valley street. 
 
 Villa Street. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, and named from the 
 "Sierra Madre Villa " hotel, which was at that time the most noted hostelry 
 and invalid tourist resort in all this region of country. And this street was 
 expected to become the direct route from Pasadena to that place ; but it was 
 too sandy, and Colorado street gained and held the preference for travel. 
 
 Vi7ieyard Street. — Opened by P. G. Wooster, and named from Martha's 
 Vineyard, Ma.ss., his wife's childhood home. 
 
 Wallis Street. — Opened and named by Henry A. Wallis, who owned 
 the land and lived there. 
 
 Waverly Drive. — Opened by James vSmith, in 1885, and named from Sir 
 Walter Scott's "Waverly " novels. 
 
 Wilson Avenue. — Opened by Hon. B. 1). Wilson in his Lake Vineyard 
 Colony tract, in 1876, and given his own name. 
 
 Winona Aveyiue. — Opened and named by Wm. Heiss, of Heiss Bros., 
 clothing merchants, in 1887. The family formerly resided in Minnesota, 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 363 
 
 and he commemorated that bit of family history by naming the new street 
 after the city of Winona, Minn., because he liked that Indian name. 
 
 Worcester Avenue. — Opened by Ed. L. Farris, in 1886. Mrs. Cordelia 
 A. Boynton and Miss E. E. Ogden owned land needed for the opening, and 
 Mr. Farris gave them the privilege of naming the new street ; and accord- 
 ingly the name of Mrs. Boynton 's birthplace, Worcester, Mass., was de- 
 cided upon. An effort was made to get it opened clear through to Walnut 
 street ; but the school directors refused to let a public street run so close to 
 the Eincoln school-house as would be necessary, and also would not let that 
 school's playground be lessened or marred even by a ten-foot driveway 
 across it. Then Mrs. Boynton and Miss Ogden opened Ramona street to 
 give the north end of their new avenue an outlet to Marengo Avenue. 
 
 Yolo Avenue. — Opened by the Patten brothers in 1888, and named by 
 Engineer Piper, who surveyed it, because he came from Yolo county, Cali- 
 fornia. The word means "region of tules" or rushes, and is from the 
 
 ancient Aztec language. 
 
 STREET ALTITUDES. 
 
 While Surveyor J. M. Willard was locating the street car line along 
 Colorado street, in 1886, he recorded the altitude above sea level at all the 
 principal street crossings, as follows : 
 
 PLACE. FEET. 
 
 Fair Oaks Avenue at Colorado street crossing 997 .00 
 
 Marengo Avenue at Colorado street crossing 1,016.13 
 
 Euclid Avenue at Colorado street crossing 1,005.61 
 
 Los Robles Avenue at Colorado street cro.ssing 1,002.08 
 
 MoUne Avenue at Colorado street crossing 980. 93 
 
 Eake Avenue at Colorado street crossing 969. 7 2 
 
 Wilson Avenue at Colorado street crossing 964. 7 1 
 
 Hill Avenue at Colorado street crossing 950-47 
 
 Santa Fe elevations are : 
 
 Lincolu Park 6^5 Raymond 748 Los Robles Avenue 871 
 
 South Pasadena 674 Pasadena 829 Olivewood 850 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Mountain Peaks, Canyons, Water Falls, Hills, and other Natural Objects ; with their 
 several Names, and when, why and by whom these Names were given. 
 The Old Mill ; the Mission Lake [or Wilson's lake]; etc. 
 
 MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF PASADENAI^AND. 
 
 Our local mountain peaks vary very much in appearance as viewed from 
 different standpoints in the 4X 7 miles extent of Pasadena residences, from the 
 Arroyo bluff to Santa Anita Avenue, and from Lincoln Park to Giddings 
 Heights ; hence I have taken the corner of Colorado street and Marengo Ave- 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 nue as a convenient central point from which to designate the different peaks 
 by name. But the view would be nearly the same from the Presbyterian 
 church, the Wilson High School, the Throop Polytechnic Institute, the Hotel 
 Green, etc. 
 
 Mount Harvard. — Looking north-by-east from our chosen .standpoint, 
 the most .striking object toward the mountain top is a prominent detached 
 spur forming a tangent ridge by itself, with its crest running north and 
 south and a pretty well defined gable-end facing .southward. During the 
 daj's of Spanish and Mexican rule this promontor}' was called El Picacho, 
 "the peak." As seen from Anaheim or Los Nietos, or any of that old- 
 .settled southea.sterly region, only its end came into view, and it .seemed 
 verily "The Peak"; and it was .so nearly due north that it .served the 
 
 GODFATHERS AT CHRISTENING OF MOUNT HARVARD, APRIL 7, 1892. 
 
 President Ivlliot of Harvard College ; Prof. T. S. C. I.ovve of Mount Lowe fame ; Prof. Will S. Monroe, city 
 superintendent of Pasadena schools ; Prof. Winship of Boston ; Walter Kavniond of Raymond liotef; 
 Judge B. S. Katon ; II. W. Magce, Esq.; Chas. A. Oardner, editor Pasa<kiia7>az7r .SVar,- W. S. C.ilmore 
 of Los Angeles Daily Times staff; Clarence S. Martin of Martin's camp ; Mr. Severance. 
 
 vSpanish workmen a noon-mark by the .siui. Byron (3. Clark relates that 
 when Manuel E. Garfias, the first European child ever born in Pasadena- 
 land, worked for him at Anaheim in 1870, he always looked at this " Peak " 
 to see when it was dinner time. The first name that I heard it called by 
 (winter of 1883-4) was "The Hogback." From Pa.sadena this promontory 
 appears to be the highest part of the mountain, but Judge I^aton .says it is 
 250 feet lower than Wilson's peak. I called it vSouth Gable Promontory, a 
 name which explains itself at sight. On April 7, 1892, President IClliot of 
 Harvard University accomi)anied a party up the Toll Road to visit the site 
 where the Harvard photograpliing telescope had done its special work. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 365 
 
 From Martin's camp the party walked up to the summit outlook of the 
 promontory, which affords a wonderfully fine view of the valley below, and a 
 less obstructed view of the settlements along the foot of the range eastward 
 than any other point, on account of its jutting out almost at a right angle 
 from the main range ; and at this time, as a compliment to Presid^-nt Elliot, 
 it was christened " Mount Harvard."* At its base lies the ranch of Abbot 
 Kinney (known to old settlers before 1880 as the Seabury place), which he 
 has named "Kinneloa," — (an Anglo-Sandwich- Island word modeled after 
 Maunaloa and other "loas" in the region of Honolulu — and meaning 
 Kinney's home). Mr. Kinney tried to get this conspicuous mountain spur 
 named Kinneloa by government authority, but was frustrated in it by Pasa- 
 dena parties. 
 
 Pyramid Peak. — In front of the promontory, or a little eastward, and 
 a little lower down is a small pyramidal peak, so distinct in its outline as to 
 name itself. 
 
 Henniger's Flat. — About half way down the west slope of Mount 
 Harvard there is a very distinct mountain terrace known as " Henniger's 
 Flat." This body of land was taken as a squatter's claim in 18S0 or '81 by 
 an old-time Californian named Wm. K. Henuiger, residing at San Gabriel 
 and known as " Capt. Henuiger," who went up there to stay for the benefit 
 of his health. He was the first sheriff of Santa Clara county ; and gained 
 his title of Captain by service in some of the local expeditions of white 
 settlers against Indians, which were very common in California thirty to 
 forty years ago. During the "dry" season of 1882-83 his water supply 
 failed, and he left the place for a few months. But the copious rains of 
 1884 made the water supply good again ; and he returned, built a house, 
 developed water, made a storage cistern, cleared and cultivated some of the 
 land, and established himself as a permanent resident there. Henuiger had 
 made only the rudest sort of a footpath up the mountain, over which him- 
 self and a mule could pass. In 1885-86, K. L. Mayberry had a mind to 
 build a house up there as a health home for his invalid wife ; and with this 
 idea he made a bridle road so that he could go up and down on horseback, 
 but intended if he did finally build a house there to make a carriage road 
 up to it. However, the complete isolation of the place and its difiSculty of 
 access was too much, and' Mayberry dropped the project after making his 
 bridle road and riding over it a few times ; and Henuiger continued his her- 
 mit life, with only an occasional mountain climbing visitor to break the 
 monotony, until the Mount Wilson Toll Road was constructed in 1890-91. 
 This road extends about a mile along the east edge of Henniger's Flat, and 
 at a point near the farm house there is a watering place for man and beast 
 making the ascent. Capt. Henuiger claimed to have from 30 to 40 acres of 
 
 *" At Martin & Lynch's the visitors never tire of sitting nnder the awnings or out on the promon- 
 tory of Mount Harvard (Kinneloa), watching the glorious prospect," etc.— Pasadena Star, Sept. 22. iSci2. 
 
366 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 land under cultivation, with more that migh*^ be cleared and utilized. He 
 raised hay, grain, fruits, vegetables, poultry. In October, 1891, with a 
 party of four, I procured there from him a supply of most, excellent water- 
 melons, peaches, plums, etc. The old man stuck to his mountain home, 
 for he could not live in a lower altitude, and finally died there May 4, 1894 
 — aged 75. Peter Steil of Pasadena furnished the old man with groceries 
 and other supplies during his last lingering illness, and attended to his 
 burial when he died. July 3, 1895, ^- C. Allen bought the Henniger 
 property, 120 acres, at administrator's sale, for $2,600, and made it adjunct 
 to the Mount Wilson Toll Road Company's plans of development. 
 
 Wilson's Peak — Mount Wil.son. — Back of or north from Mount 
 Harvard lies Wilson's Peak, which is not a peak at all, but a great body 
 of mountain, from which Harvard and Pyramid are projecting spurs. The 
 summit of Mount Wilson has plowable land enough for two or three good 
 farms, no more rough, hilly or stony than farms I have seen cultivated in 
 Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, Northern California, and .several 
 New England states. Mr. A. G. Strain rai.sed barley, pumpkins, potatoes, 
 and some other vegetables successfully up there on the very summit, where 
 a wild barley field had flourished aforetime and been a favorite pasture 
 ground for deer ; but generally the rains cease and leave the ground dry too 
 early in the season to make the tillage profitable ; and there is no chance to 
 reach the field crop lands by irrigation except with pumping works, which 
 would be too expensive, as the permanent springs are from 100 to 300 feet 
 lower altitude than these lands. The top of Mount Wilson varies from one- 
 quarter to a mile in width north and south and about two miles east and 
 west — and that is why I .say there is no distinct peak. It takes its name 
 from Hon. B. D.Wilson, who, in 1864, built the original trail to its summit. 
 See article, " Wilson's Trail." 
 
 The north slope of Mount Wilson forms the south wall of west vSan 
 Gabriel canyon, the fiowage of this branch of the famous river being from 
 west to east. An old burro trail of fearful and perilous character led from 
 the Wilson summit down into this canyon, a distance of four or five miles, 
 to Pa.sadena cam]). In June, 1S91, a party of Pa.sadena young folks were 
 encamped there, consisting of Misses Jessie R. Mitchell, Louise Kerr, Alice 
 Gla.ss, Ella Knight, Winnifred Webb ; also Chkrles C. Glass, Linn Free- 
 man, Rhoden vScudder, Alva McCoy. June 20th Carlton Durrell and Will 
 Linney started from Pasadena with a horse named "Jerry" loaded with 
 camp supplies, to join their friends in the canyon. They reached Wilson's 
 peak the first day; and on the 21st (it being vSunday) they started down the 
 adventurous trail. But at a certain extra perilous passage called "Devil's 
 slide,"* their horse lost his footing, and went rolling, tumbling, grinding 
 
 * III Octolier, 181^1, Dr. H. A. Kcid atul wife worked hard two days niakiiiK a new and safer trail right 
 over the moiiiilaiu spur instead of along its steej) and crumbly side" called " Devil's slide." While they 
 were at work the second day, and before they had not the new route entirely opened, P. 'P Keed of 
 Sierra .Madre came along with a hunting parlj-, just returning from Barley Flats, and wasthe first to 
 ride over it. Drououucing it " a mighty sight better" than the old one. It is in use yet, and is called 
 " Reid's trail." 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 367 
 
 helplessly down the steep, rocky declivity 800 feet to the bottom — of 
 course being killed, his pack torn into tatters, and the provisions scattered 
 all along the slope, as food for mountain animals and insects. Fortunately, 
 the young men themselves managed to get safely across the danger-stretch, 
 and hastened on down to their comrades. Four of the party returned to try 
 and reach the horse to see if he was killed, and to recover what they could 
 of the lost baggage and supplies. It was a climb for life, perilous at every 
 step. The horse was dead. They recovered a few things, and returned to 
 camp very sad and very tired. They stayed in camp all next day to rest; 
 then the whole company went to Barley Flats, these being the first women 
 who had ever climbed to that long-famed mountain hunting ground. They 
 all returned home by way of Switzer's trail, the girls having walked the 
 entire round — about sixty miles in all. 
 
 Harvard Telescope Point, or ''Signal /\?a>^."— Directly back from 
 Mount Harvard, and a little westward, at the summit of the range, there is 
 a slight elevation above the main ridge line, and here is where the Harvard 
 23-inch photographing telescope stood from May i, 1889, until late in 1890: 
 hence the name. The instrument was in constant use both night and day, 
 when there was no obscuring clouds, taking photographic views one foot 
 square, which, when properly placed together, formed a complete and accu- 
 rate map of all planets, satellites, stars or nebulae visible from that point 
 during one entire year. And some objects in the star-world were there 
 brought to view and recorded which had never been seen by mortal eye 
 before. This work was conducted by Prof. — King. Up to January i, 
 1890, there had been taken 11 55 of these photographs. The same instru- 
 
 ^^--^.^#.^>-^y^^" ... 
 
 OBSERVATORY CASINO — 1894. 
 
368 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 ment is now, 1894, doing a similar work at Arequipa, Peru, at a station 
 8,050 feet above sea level — over 2,000 feet higher than Mount Wilson. 
 [See article "Wilson's Trail" for account of how the instrument was 
 trundled up to Mount Wilson.] This point was often spoken of as Wilson's 
 Peak ; but the highest part of Mount Wilson lies about a mile farther east, 
 toward a crag called Echo Rock, which looks down a tremendous precipice 
 into a branch of Santa Anita canyon. The telescope site was formerly 
 called "Signal Peak," as 1 find it described in the Pasadena Valley Union 
 of May 21, 1886, which says: 
 
 "The high point or peak of mountain vi.sible from Pasadena which 
 forms the summit at the head of the oid Wilson trail is known as ' Signal 
 Peak,' from its long use by parties who had climed that trail making a fire 
 there in the evening to signal their friends below that they had arrived safely 
 at the top." 
 
 The Mount Wilson Toll Road Company has converted the observatory 
 building into a series of guest rooms called " Observatory Casino, " which 
 forms an Annex to their Mount Wilson Camp resort for invalids and 
 tourists. 
 
 Precipicio Pkak. — From the summit of Mount Wilson, or Harvard 
 Point, there extends westward a long, narrow stretch of mountain crest, 
 including what is called "Knife-Blade Ridge," and terminating at Precipicio 
 Peak, from whose top the visitor looks down southwardly into a gulf of 
 steep, precipitous and terrifying depth called " Eaton Canyon," although its 
 official or recorded name is Precipicio Canyon, which was its old Spanish 
 name. On the north side he looks down a more gradual and wooded slope, 
 though quite as deep, into the west fork of the great San Gabriel canyon 
 and its historic river. And on the west side he looks down into a heavily 
 wooded deep valley or mountain gap which forms a sort of pass from Eaton 
 canyon through to West San Gabriel canyon, and is the great gulf ot 
 separation between the Mount Wilson and the Mount Eowe systems of 
 adjunct peaks, ridges, .spurs, etc. The Precipicio peak and the sharp ridge 
 leading to it are plainly seen from Pasadena, and have a little historic asso- 
 ciation which I quote from a document of the time, October, 1891 : 
 
 "Dr. and Mrs. Reid clambered all day over craggy peaks, atid along 
 spaces thickly strewn with sharp, angular fragments of rocks, and through 
 thorny chapparal, and through a small but grand pine grove, and for .'several 
 rods along the crest of a dividing ridge [the " Knife- l^lade," as John Muir 
 called it] so narrow tliat they could stand erect and from either hand on op- 
 posite sides drop a stone that would plunge down 2,000 feet before it could 
 strike anything which might stop its downward course. Mrs. Reid [then over 
 65 years old] went nearly two miles farther on this difficult line than any 
 woman had ever gone before." 
 
 Since Echo Mountain and Mt. Lowe came into such pre-eminent fame, 
 men have crossed a few times between them and Mt. Wilson, following 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 369 
 
 this ridge to the Eaton gap, thence by way of Grand Basin to the Mt. L,owe 
 bridle road at Castle canyon summit.* 
 
 Muir's Peak. — This is the next peak west, and is the sunrise point 
 seen from Echo Mountain during June and July. This peak is the summit 
 of the great sloping ridge which lorms the east wall of Rubio canyon and 
 west wall of Pine canyon. The first white man ever known to have stood 
 on this peak was the famous John Muir, who, in August, 1875, climbed up 
 here from below Eaton canyon falls. [See article on "John Muir's Moun- 
 tain Climb in Pasadenaland, " Chapter 20.] 
 
 Echo Mountain, takes its name from a wonderful echo that booms 
 and rolls and reverberates from the mountain walls that form a sort of semi- 
 circle around and above it, westward, north, and eastward. Directly north- 
 west from Echo Mountain, and plainly visible from Pasadena, is a bold 
 facing of white rocks [feldspathic syenite] that extends up to the crest or 
 summit ridge, along which pine trees are seen ; this mountain facing or wall 
 of white rocks is semi-circular in form, and constitutes distinctively the 
 "Echo Ampitheater." 
 
 Mount Vesuvius. — A detached spur of the front range a little north 
 and east from Echo Mountain, and perhaps 1,006 feet higher, has been 
 given this name, because for several months in 1893 fireworks were dis- 
 played from its summit every Saturday inight at nine o'clock, and always 
 ending with a piece that represented in miniature a volcanic eruption of Mount 
 Vesuvius. These luminous displays were visible not only at Rubio Pa- 
 vilion and Echo Mountain, but also at Pasadena, Eos Angeles, Santa 
 Monica, Redondo, Eong Beach, etc. 
 
 Mount Eowe. - — This is the boldest and most bulkish mountain 
 mass seen north of Pasadena, and lies, with its three-wave outline, like 
 some extinct monster of past ages basking lazily on the mountain top. It 
 is the highest one of the Pasadena mountains which can be seen from Pasa- 
 dena, and is commonly spoken of as 6,000 feet altitude ; but \Vm. H. 
 Knight, president of the Science Association of Southern California, in- 
 forms me that according to reckonings of the U. S. Geodetic survey, its 
 highest point is 6,100 feet above sea level. It was called " Oak Mountain " 
 by hunters, and the early settlers of Pasadena ; but on September 24, 1892, 
 it was for good and sufficient reasons formally christened ." Mount Eowe," 
 and has since become world-famed under that name. Full particulars of 
 this christening will be found in the chapter on the Mount Lowe Electric 
 Railway. On October 11, 1887, Owen and Jason Brown, assisted by Calvin 
 Hartwell, erected a stone monument and flag pole on this summit, and left a 
 
 * As early as 1883-84 Byron O. Clark and H. C. Kellogg had crossed over, and then projected a wagon 
 road up the entire length of Millard and Grand Canyons, thence across to Wilson's Peak. It's " awfully 
 easy" to build mountain roads — on paper. 
 
 24 
 
370 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 written record claiming it as Brown's Peak.* But afterward the Browns 
 claimed another peak west of Millard canyon for their name, and com- 
 menced building a bridle road up to it from Las Casitas. 
 
 Strawbkrry Peak [?] — The top of this can be seen like a little old 
 New England haystack peeping over the west shoulder slope of Mount 
 Lowe. It was named b}' some wags at Switzer's camp in iS86, from its 
 fancied resemblance to a strawberry standing with its blossom end up ; but 
 one of them said, " We called it Strawberry peak because there weren't any 
 strawl)erries on it." The joke took ; and that burlesque^ name has been 
 commonly used by the old settlers ; but the peak is waiting some worthy oc- 
 casion for a worthy name.f This lofty peak is really back in the third 
 range of Pasadena Mountain summits — and in front of it is seen a smaller 
 portion of a lower and smaller cone called 
 
 Black Jack Peak. — [It was also called "Little Strawberry peak."] 
 This is simply a spur from the foregoing, but has a distinct pinnacle of its 
 own, very steep, rugged, sharp, and difficult of ascent, and composed en- 
 tirely of a porphyritic rock called "black spar" by the miners. In 1887 
 Owen and Jason Brown climbed to the top of this flinty, hard, barren pin- 
 nacle, but I doubt if any other men have ever been venturously persistent 
 and hardy enough to do it. They called it "Black Jack," as a perfectly 
 natural and fitting name from the color and hardness of its rock substance ; 
 but this name had likewise very %ivid historic associations to them, from 
 Black Jack in Kansas, where they with their father fought in June, 1856, 
 what was in fact the first actual battle in our great national struggle against 
 the lawless encroachments of the slave power. [The battle of Osawatomie 
 occurred August 30, 1856 — two months later.] 
 
 Mount Disappointment. — Next westward is a long stretch of moun- 
 tain crest or ridge, not a peak, which obtained its name in this way : The 
 United States surveyors were working their way eastward along the moun- 
 tain ranges ; and from San Fernando range they sighted this mountain as 
 their next highest point on which to establish the government record — but 
 on coming here and testing its altitude they were "disappointed" to find 
 that San Gabriel peak, a few miles farther east, was still higher. Accord- 
 ingly they named it "Mount Disappointment, " and went along to the 
 higher peak to build their monument and deposit their official records. July 
 4, 1889, Mr. Herve Friend, the photogravure artist of Los Angeles, took 
 views from the summit of Mount Disappointment, the first ever taken there. 
 
 vSan Gabriel Peak. — Called also "The Commodore;" and in the 
 Mount Lowe literature called "Observatory Peak." Only the tip of it can 
 be seen, as a small ridge extending eastwardly from a point low down on the 
 
 * In July, 1883, I saw this monument or cairn standing there yet ; but the written paper had long 
 before been destroyed by wetness or insects ; and the flag-pole had gone to make some hunter's camp- 
 fire. 
 
 t Prof. Lowe informs me that he has government authority to give names to anj' peaks within the 
 itinerary of his great mountain railroad resort. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 37 1 
 
 east slope of the Mount Lowe tri-crest. Of course as seen from Pasadena 
 it looks lower than Mount Lowe, and seems a part of the same, although 
 being several miles farther north. But when there happens to be snow on 
 its summit and not on the front range, then it shows its separateness very 
 distinctly. The United States surveyors ignored the old Spanish name of 
 " Sierra Madre " for these mountains, and called them San Gabriel moun- 
 tains, because they are so extensively ramified with canyons and creeks 
 tributary to the San Gabriel river ; and this peak being the highest of all — 
 6,723 feet — they put it on record as " San Gabriel peak," the chief of the 
 range ; hence this is its name as given upon all official maps or documents. 
 The name " Commodore " was given to it by some wags at Switzer's camp, 
 'which was a favorite resort far up in the Arroyo Seco canyon some eight or 
 ten years ago,' in facetious honor of Mr. C. P. Switzer who had built the 
 famous trail and tourist-resort camp which bore his name. They humor- 
 ously dubbed him "Commodore " of the fleet of burros which navigated 
 the intra-montane Arroyo Seco by way of Switzer's trail — and then dubbed 
 this highest peak " The Commodore," after him ; and that burlesque name 
 was quite commonly used for it. Big and little Strawberry peak, Walker's 
 peak, Lucky camp, and various other points were named in this same spirit oi 
 fun and waggery, and given currency through newspaper reports. The name 
 " Observatory Peak " was applied to it by Prof. Lowe, as being the grandest 
 " observation " point in all the.se mountains. And the Mount Lowe Rail- 
 way company promises in due time to make this peak accessible to their 
 guests, and provide it with instruments for observing the wonderful scope of 
 mundane things — of mountains, plains, deserts, valleys, cities, beaches, 
 harbors, coast line, ocean expanse, dotting islands, etc., which can be seen 
 from its lofty summit. 
 
 The first and only woman who had ever achieved the ascent of San 
 Gabriel peak, up to January i, 1895, was Mrs. Herve Friend of Los Angeles, 
 whose husband, a prominent photogravure artist, made the first photo- 
 graphic views ever taken on this loftiest point of our Pasadena mountains. 
 This occurred on August 26, 1893. The party had to camp over night 
 on the wooded ridge which connects Mount Markham and San Gabriel 
 peak, in order to be able to make the ascent and then return to Echo moun- 
 tain the same day. There was no path, trail or waymark beyond Rattle- 
 snake spring;* and as they had to carry their lunch and water supply, besides 
 a heavy 8x10 photogravure camera, with its adjustable and stout tripod 
 stand and a stock of exposure plates, and find their own way just as if no 
 
 * August 4th, 1S93, Jason Brown went afoot from Echo mountain to Black Jack peak, to find for 
 me the date when he and Owen climbed to its summit and gave it the name. He thought he could get 
 back as far as Crystal Springs cabin the same night, but found it impossible to do so, and had to lie out all 
 night, without food, blankets or shelter, on the northwest slope of San Gabriel peak. Earlj' in the morn- 
 ing he made his way to where he knew of a trickle of water from a crack in the solid rock. A large 
 rattlesnake lay coiled right at the spring. He killed it, and I now have the rattles in my collection. And 
 thus came the name. "Rattlesnake spring." Our party obtained water there when making this ascent, 
 August 26. That snake had eleven rattles. 
 
372 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 human foot had ever been there before, it was an arduous cHnib — requiring 
 over three hours of steady hard work to reach the summit. The party con- 
 sisted of Herve Friend and wife, Dr. H. A. Reid, Jason Brown, and a young 
 man named Mahlon. They found the monument or cairn built by the men 
 of the U. S. Geodetic survey ; also the tin canister or safe for containing 
 their official records, but the most important of these were missing — had 
 been stolen away. When all had fairly reached the top, and were full of the 
 sublimity and wonder of it, Jason Brown suddenly spoke: "Now I'm 
 going to kiss the first woman who ever stood on the highest point of the 
 San Gabriel mountains." And with that the grizzled old man put his bare 
 bronzed arm around Mrs. Friend and kissed her, as gracefully as a French 
 dancing master. She was taken by surprise, and stood in a sort of dazed 
 amazement, blushing all over, but offered no resistance or resentment. A 
 brisk cold shower of rain came on while the party were eating their lunch ; 
 and being wholly unprepared for such a phenomenon in Pasadenalaud in the 
 month of August, they could only tip their heads to the wind and take the 
 cold wetting as it came. But fortunately it soon passed over. The descent 
 to camp where their burros had been left occupied two hours of careful, 
 cautious and sometimes perilous clamber work.* * 
 
 Mount Markham. — This is a peak somewhat higher than Mount 
 Lowe but not visible from Pasadena. It is connected with the main body of 
 Mount lyOwe by a narrow neck or ridge perhaps a hundred rods long, and 
 also with San Gabriel peak by a similar but much shorter ridge — and these 
 ridges are the divide whose east-slope waters flow into Eaton canyon and 
 thence to the San Gabriel river, while their west-slope waters flow into the 
 Arroyo vSeco and thence to the lyOS Angeles river. It was named in honor 
 of H. H. Markham, who first as congressman and then as governor, had 
 won the highest public distinction of any Pasadenian. 
 
 Square-Top [also called Talkie mountain] is a lesser peak between San 
 Gabriel and Strawberry peaks ; and takes its name from the striking and 
 peculiar flatness of its summit. It also is not visible from Pasadena. 
 
 GiDDiNGS Peak. — June i8, 1886, the Valley Union said : "Mr. E,. W. 
 Giddings [he was assisted by Calvin Hartwell. — Ed.] has planted an im- 
 mense white flag on a mountain summit next east of Millard canyon which 
 is hereafter to be known as Giddings Peak, in honor of the famous old anti- 
 .slavery statesman of Ohio." The point referred to does not show as a 
 distinct peak from Pasadena, but is the westernmost monticle of the Echo 
 wall-crest that forms the northwesterly white-rock wall of Echo ampitheater. 
 
 ♦After this chapter was all ready for the press, I learned that a slateineiil was published in the 
 Weekly Star of AuRiist 5, 18'.)1, signed by C. P. Switzer, to the effect that Mrs. J. D. Hooker of I,os Angeles, 
 and her sister Miss Bessie Pntnani of San I'rancisco, in:ide the climb from " I.iicky camp," to the s\immit 
 of Commodore [San Gabriel] peak on Jidy 'Jl, IH'.ll, with Will II. Ilibbie as jjnide ; and that no woman 
 had ever ascended that peak before. He also said that Mrs. Hooker had five years previously made the 
 climb from his camp to the top of Mount Disappointment, beinjj the first woman who ever set foot on its 
 lofty crest. This was before any burro trail had been made there. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 373 
 
 It is marked " Grizzly Point " on the map of these mountains pubhshed by 
 the Mount I.owe Railway Co. in 1893, the author of which probably did 
 not know that this point had ever been named before. But the Giddings 
 family had made a burro trail up to it from Millard canyon six years before 
 the mountain railroad company's advent. However, they had not kept it 
 open ; it was much overgrown, had lapsed into fragmentary hunting trails 
 and their claiming and naming of it remained only as a reminiscent scrap 
 of history. As .seen from the Giddings farm it looks like a distinct moun- 
 tain peak. 
 
 Bkown's Pkak. — In front of Mount Disappointment as we look from 
 ~~" Pasadena there is a stretch of front 
 
 range summit ridge, with four or five 
 slightly elevated knobs, and one of 
 these (perhaps the middle one) was 
 called Brown's peak. The Valley 
 Union of December 4, 1881, said: 
 "Owen Brown, son of ' Old John,' 
 arrived here Monday, November 30, 
 from Put-in-Bay, Ohio, to join his 
 brother Jason, and sister (Mrs. Ruth 
 B. Thompson), already here. He is a 
 man nearly 60 years of age." Again, 
 June 18, 1886, the same paper said : 
 
 "Owen Brown, residing with his 
 brother Jason on the Mountain Home 
 tract, has made claim and mounted 
 his flag on a mountain summit above 
 Prieta canyon (the same that has been 
 called "Negro canyon"). Owen 
 Brown is the only man now living who 
 was with John Brown, his father, at 
 Harper's Ferry, and his mountain 
 summit will be known as the "John 
 , , , ., Brown Peak." He is building a 
 
 Horseback trail to carry visitors to the mountain top, and many persons 
 will go there from historic sympathy or curiosity. Jason Brown has eighty 
 acres of mesa land and also a timber claim in same vicinity." 
 
 And still again, January 29, 1887, the Ujiion reported that Brown's trail 
 was completed about half way up. But this ended it. They had no funds, 
 were obliged to earn their daily bread, and never built their trail any farther.' 
 Owen died Jahuary 8, 1889, and lies buried on top of a foot-hill spur above 
 Las Casitas. Jason was employed a year or two on Echo Mountain, but 
 finally in March, 1894, lie went back to his old home at Akron, Ohio. 
 
 The other mountain summits seen still farther westward in the same 
 
 ■ Land of Sunshine," April, 1895. 
 OWEN BROWN'S GRAVE. 
 
 [See page 322.] 
 
374 HISTORY OK PASADKNA. 
 
 range are beyond the Arroyo Seco; and hence, not being within the borders 
 of Pasadenaland, are not matters for record in this vokime. 
 
 Hodge's Peak. — Looking across the Arroyo to the great hills back of 
 Linda Vista, the most conspicnons one northward is on a 45-acre tract which 
 Dr. J. S. Hodge purchased from J. D. Yocum in 1888, and built a wagon 
 road twelve feet wide to its summit. This site is 1,800 feet above sea level; 
 there is a well on it ten feet deep which yields water not less than two feet 
 in depth even in the dryest time of the year ; the view from here has free 
 scope east and west, and from mountain to sea — a landscape of more sur- 
 passing extent and grandeur than from any other point accessible by car- 
 riage road. 
 
 Linda Vista Peak. — This is the next highest point south and a little 
 west from Hodge's peak, and back of Linda Vista. There is a bridle road 
 to its summit ; and it was in the east slope of this sub-mountain that some 
 gold mining was done by J. W. Wilson and son in 1887. 
 
 Jumbo Knob. — This is the great, bold terminal knob of the Linda 
 Vista crescent of hills, which juts out toward the Arroyo Seco, opposite 
 reservoir hill on Orange Grove Avenue. It was so named in 1884, from a 
 fancied resemblance to the head of Barnum's famous and historic but ill- 
 fated monster elephant, Jumbo — the protruded ridge in front representing 
 his trunk reaching down for water. 
 
 Buzzard Clifp\ — This was a jutting spur or crag of the San Rafael 
 hills, and the Scoville road now winds across its terminal point. In the early 
 days this was a notable roosting and nesting place for turkey buzzards ; and 
 I remember of once, in 1884, counting twenty-seven of these scavenger 
 birds circling around and over it at one time. 
 
 canyons, waterfali.s, etc. 
 
 The Glacial Terrace Canyons. — From Raymond Hill eastward to 
 San Marino there is a line of bluffs, perfectly corrugated with small canyons 
 which are perennial water courses, and all of them have historic association 
 with the days and doings of the San Gabriel Mission regime. For reasons 
 fully set forth in the chapters on Geology, Hydrology, and Prehistoric Man 
 in Pasadena, I designate this line of bluffs (and also westward to Columbia 
 Hill) as the "Glacial Terrace." The Garfias spring, Kd Baker's spring, 
 and others on the Arroyo Seco, are parts of the same general system of glacial 
 terrace leak-spots ; but tho.se from Raymond to San Marino form a distinct- 
 ive and characteristic group. 
 
 Raymond Canyon. — The Raymond brook from the springs near Ray- 
 mond station on the vSanta Fe railroad flows down this canyon, and finally 
 makes a great, troublesome ontwash on the line between the Raymond Im- 
 provement Co. 's land and the Gov. Stoneman place. During the Spanish 
 or Mexican occupancy, this stream and ontwash were known as the "Ar- 
 
DIVISION FIVK — NAMES. 375 
 
 royo San Pasqual." The Pasadena, Ramona and lyos Angeles railroad 
 (now the Southern Pacific) partly cuts the course of this Raymond canyon. 
 
 IvOS RoBLES Canyon. — At the loot of Los Robles Avenue, where it 
 ends blunt against the Los Robles ranch fence [Stoneman's], which is the 
 south line of Pasadena city, there is a body of springy land which gives rise 
 to the east branch of the stream that forms this canyon — its first spring 
 being on the south side of Wallis street. Then a few rods westward there 
 is another spring brook, which is the outlet of another body of boggy or 
 marsh land that extends northward to and above the junction of Euclid 
 Avenue and Maine street, and thence diagonally across Los Robles Avenue 
 northeastward nearly to California street. These two brooks come together 
 and form Los Robles creek and canyon near the upper line of J. E. Jardine's 
 picturesque and beautiful five-acre home place on its west bank. Below this 
 place it turns eastward and joins 
 
 Oak Knoll Canyon. — This takes its rise in some water-bearing land 
 on the west side of Oak Knoll tract on line with the foot of Moline [El 
 Molino] Avenue. Here the O. K. company has sunk wells, water trenches, 
 and tunnels to provide pipe water for their subdivision ; but the original 
 streamway or canyon extends down between Oak Knoll and Allendale to 
 the head of Willowdale creek, where it is joined by Los Robles creek.* 
 And it was near this point that the Mission Fathers started their ancient 
 ditch which led these waters along on the side of the bluff down to their 
 stone flouring mill. This stream has been called " Mill Spring creek," be- 
 cause of the padres' use of it; also "Willowdale creek," from the name 
 "Willowdale" given to his place by Capt. J. Elwood Ellis, who resided 
 here during the early years of the Pasadena colony settlement ; also 
 " Hutchinson's creek," from a Mr. Hutchinson, who commenced in 1858-59 
 to raise strawberries, vegetables, etc., on its banks; also "Richardson's 
 creek," from Solomon Richardson, who became a partner with Hutchinson 
 in t868, and resides there yet. Of course the first name has the historic 
 preference. 
 
 Mill Canyon. — This canyon rises at the foot of Lake Avenue, and 
 debouches at the historic "Old Mill" built by Father Zalvidea of the San 
 Gabriel Mission about 1810 to 1812, and the mill was run by water from 
 this and Los Robles canyon. In 1892 Mr. Shorb bored an artesian 
 well in this canyon, 259 feet deep, and made a geological sample case show- 
 ing depth and kinds of formations successivel}^ passed through — the only 
 instance I have found of this being done. The Alhambra Water Company 
 has some tunnels in the upper part of this canyon from which water is piped 
 down to their main reservoir. And from this canyon E. L. Mayberry has 
 
 *" Capt. J. K. Ellis owned an eighteen-acre place called" Willowdale," lying soutli of Bayard T. 
 Smith's " Oak Knoll" ranch, west of Col. Mayberry's, and north of Gov. Stoneman's. This tract has 
 much spring land upon it, and was bought last week by S. Richard,son for |iS,5oo. Mr. Richardson 
 owns fitty acres just below it, and wanted to secure the bountiful water supply which it affords."— /'jia- 
 dena Union, June 11, 1RS6. 
 
376 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 water pumped by a hydraulic ram up into an elevated cisteni at his sightly 
 dwelling on the bluff above the Mill. 
 
 Our native Mexican people have traditions of hidden treasure in this 
 and others of the canyons along this range of bluffs. The old-time Mexi- 
 cans of wealth repudiated paper money, and hoarded great chests of silver 
 and gold coin. In 1844 45 occurred the rebellion of lyos Angeles against 
 Gov. Micheltorena, when he was driven back to Mexico; and in 1846 47 
 occurred the war between Mexico and the United States. During these 
 troublous and lawless times the wealthy Mexicans often buried their coin in 
 secret places known only to one or two living souls, with some particular 
 rock, or spring, or tree as a mnemonic landmark by which to find the place 
 again. Sometimes these persons were killed, or driven away, or forgot the 
 exact hiding place -and thus the field was opened wide for all sorts of 
 fabulous stories of hidden treasure. Numerous holes have been dug by 
 Mexicans on the Stoneman place in search of buried money-pots, kegs or 
 chests. And similar .search has l)een made in some of these historic can- 
 yons ; but I find no reliable account of any such hidden wealth having ever 
 been dug up in this region. 
 
 Mill canyon is ea.sil3^ reached by carriage road, and is a very interesting 
 place to visit, because it furnishes a fine stream, and has been more exten- 
 sively developed than any other one of the series of Glacial Terrace springs 
 and brooks. A small unnamed canyon and brook joins it from the north- 
 west near its upper end. 
 
 Wilson's Canyon. — This is one of the largest of the canyons that 
 form an outlet in the lower lip of the great geological basin over which 
 Pasadena is built. When the Pasadena settlement was commenced Mr. 
 Wilson made a private roadway from his Lake Vineyard ranch house,* 
 winding up through the perennial oaks and pasture lands of this charming 
 brookside to the colony lands north of San Pasqual street and west of Wil- 
 son Avenue ; and for many years this Wilson canyon road was the short cut 
 and romantic route for a carriage drive from Pasadena to vSan Gabriel, al- 
 though four gates had to be opened and shut within a mile, on account of 
 fenced-in pasture lands and orchards on the ranch. Early in 1884 I made 
 this trip in forty minutes with ex-Gov. Merrill and Hon. Delos Arnold of 
 Iowa, who wished to catch an east-bound train at San Gabriel. This can- 
 yon or picturesque little valley abounded in far-spreading live oak trees, in 
 many of which the curious tree rats of California had their arborial nests or 
 colonies ; and the place was a favorite pic-nic resort for the people of Los 
 Angeles as well as of Pasadena. The head of Wilson's lake is perhaps a 
 quarter mile west from the mouth of this canj^on, and its brook originally 
 ran into the lake. For two years past the Biology department of Throop 
 
 * " The Wilson homestead is a large, roomy house, of brick and adobe, costing in 1854 about $20 000, 
 nearly half of which, according to Miss Adams, was spent on the roof. Beneath the house is a large 
 wine cellar."— [Prof. Holder's " All About Pasadena," p. 63.] 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 377 
 
 Polytechnic Institute has obtained its weekly supply of fresh frogs for dis- 
 section and microscopic study from this canyon, because it was freer from 
 dense vegetation than the others, and thus frogs could be more easily seen 
 and caught here. It is enclosed as pasture land. The canyon commences 
 near the foot of Wilson Avenue. 
 
 Mission Canyon (also called "Wild Grape canyon"). — It ri.ses as far 
 north as California street east of Bandini Avenue, on the Bayard Smith 
 tract, and is the longest and largest of the Glacial Terrace series of canyons. 
 It has been specially noted for the abundance and fine quality of its wild 
 grapes, from the days of the padres down to the present time. The old 
 distilling works connected with B. D. Wilson's original winery stood on the 
 west bluff at the mouth of this canyon. 
 
 TULE LAKE, IN SAN MARINO CANYON. 
 
 Barley hay on the slope amongst live oak trees. This is one of the historic canyons which supplied water 
 
 by a ditch to the San Gabriel Mission and village, from about the year 1800. 
 
 vSan Marino Canyon.— This is a shorter but more rugged gorge or 
 gap down through the bluff a few rods east from Mission canyon, and has 
 a large tule lagoon or private duck pond, besides one or two dams and reser- 
 voirs lower down, and belongs to the San Marino ranch. On the high bluff 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF PARADKNA. 
 
 which forms the east al)Utmetit of this canyon stands "San Marino," Hon. 
 J. De Barth Shorb's elegant and sightly home place ; and Shorb Avenue 
 leads from San Pasqual street into the head of this picturesque canyon, and 
 past the lagoon, then turns southeasterly up the ridge to Mr. Shorb's house. 
 Wilson's, Mission, and San Marino canyons used to be all himped together 
 as " Mission canyon," by the old Mission populace. 
 
 This completes the list of those outlets of the Pasadena geological 
 basin which have received special names as water-bearing canyons, so far as 
 I have been able to learn. And I now pass north to the mountains for 
 larger specimens of the canyon species, and commence at the great Katon 
 canyon, taking the rest in their successive order from this point we.stward. 
 
 Raton Canyon. — Officially recorded as " Precipicio canyon," its old 
 Spanish name ; but as the Spaniards never did an^^thing to invest it with a 
 living human interest by developing or improving it in any way, their name 
 for it would not " stick " in the popular mind, and it persists in being 
 known only as Eaton canyon, because Judge Eaton first developed and 
 utilized its waters. [See page 120.] In 1865 Judge Eaton, having lost his 
 dairy stock by the terrible drouth of 1864-5, engaged to bring out the 
 waters of the big canyon onto the " Fair Oaks " farm, clear the land and 
 plant it with trees, vines, etc. This he did; and he so stamped his strong 
 personality upon the great gorge and its water supply that it is called " Eaton 
 Canyon " to this day, in spite of a different name in the corporate title of its 
 present water company. The starting station of the Mount Wilson Toll 
 Road is at the mouth of this canyon, and up to this point vehicles can go, 
 
 ^ 
 
 Mr-. -^^ 
 
 ;. 'fffr -- ■■S'' 
 
 EATON CANYON FALLS 40 FEET HIGH. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 379 
 
 but no farther;* then about a mile farther up the water course, which can 
 be followed by footpath through the narrow cleft between mountainous per- 
 pendicular walls of rock, Eaton Falls is reached — a beautiful cascade 
 about forty feet high. Waters from the north and east side of Muir's peak, 
 from the east side of Mount L,owe, Mount Markham and San Gabriel 
 peak, from the south side of Precipicio peak and Knife-Blade ridge, 
 from the west side of Mount Wilson and Mount Harvard promontory, 
 and from Henniger's flat, all flow into Baton Canyon. These several peaks 
 and ridges form the great mountain horseshoe rim of what is called in a 
 large, comprehensive way "Grand Basin" in the vast body of literature 
 that has grown up around the wonderful Mount Lowe Electric Railway 
 enterprise. Grand Basin includes the entire watershed of which Eaton 
 canyon is the outlet. 
 
 Pine Canyon. — Next westward is a smaller gap in the mountain decliv- 
 ity, which is characterized by having more pine trees growing in it, and at 
 lower altitude, than any other opening on the south side of Pasadena mount- 
 ains, thus writing its own name so plainly on its breast that no man has 
 ever attempted to write a substitute. This canyon came into celebrity in 
 1893-4 from gold mining operations carried on there by Carson & Dickey 
 in its west wall. [See chapter on geology.] 
 
 Dry Canyon. — This is a smaller break in the lower part of the great 
 mountainous ridge between Pine and Rubio canyons. At its outflow is a 
 tunnel 3,000 feet long, which was made in search of water in 1884-5-6, and 
 was reported at the time as the longest water tunnel in Eos Angeles county. 
 The Union of June 4, 1886, said of it. " It costs a mint of money and a 
 vast deal of pluck to make such a colossal experiment." True ; and sad to 
 say, it was an entire failure at last — a dry tunnel, waterless and worthless ; 
 yet the persistence in pushing it to a finish was trul}' heroic, and no man 
 could have told in advance that little or no water would be found. It was 
 made by David Dolben for I. M. Hill, S. E. Porter and Dr. George M. 
 Bergen, owners of land there. A few inches of water flow in the upper 
 section, but all sinks away long before reaching the mouth of the tunnel. 
 
 Rubio Canyon. — In 1867 Jesus Rubio, a native Californian, born in 
 1826, and who had become an American citizen by the treaty of peace in 
 1847 between Mexico and the United States, made a squatter's claim at the 
 mouth of this canyon, built the little farm house which still stands there, 
 and made a start toward the improvements that now constitute "Rubio 
 farm." The Americans called him Rubio, or "Old Man Rubio" — and his 
 water source was called Rubio's canyon. [His name as given in the Great 
 Register is Jesus Marron, his father's name ; but Rubio was his mother's old 
 historic family name. See third footnote, page 87.] He now resides at 
 
 *The Toll Road Company promises in 1895 to make a wagon road as far up as Henniger's Flat. 
 
38o 
 
 HISTORY OV PASADKNA. 
 
 Duarte - 1S95. ^'i J^"^?? Rubio sold his claim U) duo Dr. Hall, who made 
 it his home and died there in 1S79, In 1S81 Mrs, Hall, the widow, sold her 
 little farm and water rights to V. J. Woodbury, who in Dec., 18S3, joined his 
 brother John in buying the land where Altadena now stands and tunneling 
 and piping water from this canyon down through it, for irrigation and 
 domestic purposes. After sundry changes and additional water develop- 
 ments, this canyon jiroperty was in 1891 acquired by the present Mount 
 Lowe Railway Company, who have further cleared and improved the farm, 
 utilized the water, built the electric railroad into the canyon, built Rubio 
 
 'S. 
 
 
 
 MOSS GROTTO FALLS, IN RUBIO GLEN. 
 
 Pavilion,* made nine waterfalls beyond this accessible by footways, built 
 
 *Onc (lay in iSij^ a company or nuns visitt-il Riibio pavilion, and ainuii^ llie many pictures there they 
 were sluiwn one of I'allier C.onzalez Kubio of tin- Sail Jose Mission, IVoin 1S3,! to iS4o, and they were 
 delighted iu at once associating his name with this wonderful place. But he was never here. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 38 1 
 
 the great cable incline, etc., etc. The nine waterfalls referred to, above the 
 pavilion, are as follows : 
 
 Maidenhair Falls, 17 feet high — named from the abundance of maiden- 
 hair ferns growing on its rocks. 
 
 Cavity Chiitc Falls, 9 feet high. 
 
 Bay Arbor Falls, 12 feet high. Named from a clump of bay trees near 
 by, and through or under which the footway passes. 
 
 Ribbon Rock Falls, 36 feet high. 
 
 Moss Grotto Falls, 2,3/4 feet high. 
 
 Grand Chasm Falls, a double-leaper of 33 and 15 feet, making the entire 
 falls 48 feet high. This is at the outlet of a towering, narrow gorge called 
 Grand Chasm ; and at the crest of these falls there is a stone dam which 
 forms a reservoir called "Mirror lake," from which water is piped down to 
 the pavilion to run electric dynamos, printing presses, and for general uses. 
 Heavy plank stairways lead up across the face of the falls, and a bridge 
 ^eads over the lake up through the Grand Chasm. 
 
 Lodged Boulder Falls, 12 feet high. Prof. Lowe stood on the "lodged 
 boulder ' ' from which this fall is named and made a speech to a large group 
 of Pasadena visitors, gathered on the canyon stairway, July i, 1893. This 
 historic scene was photographed and has been widely published. 
 
 Roaring Rift Falls, 23 feet high — the noisiest one of the whole series. 
 
 Thalehaha Falls, 112 feet high. The name is an Arizona Indian word, 
 meaning "white water," and was given to it by Prof. G. Wharton James, 
 editor of the Mount Lowe Echo. 
 
 [These measurements I made myself during the summer of 1893, while 
 studying the geology of the Mount Lowe system of mountain peaks, can- 
 yons, etc. — Ed.] 
 
 Rubio canyon extends on up to the summit of the range, with Muir's 
 peak looming up still higher and forming the east wall of this canyon's 
 starting point. It is not accessible above Thalehaha falls except by winding 
 footways down from Echo mountain ;* and in this upper section are numerous 
 picturesque falls and lovely dells, the chief of which are Rainbow dell and 
 Eeontine falls. Of the historic naming of this great fall I quote from the 
 Mount Lowe Echo of March 29, 1894, the following account : 
 
 LKONTINE FALLS. 
 
 In a public address delivered in Rubio Music Hall by Dr. H. A. Reid, 
 August 12, 1893, 0° "Field Geology of our Pasadena Mountains," the 
 following notable passage occurred : 
 
 *The Mount Lowe literature now designates as "C.len canyon" that portion of Kubio canyon extend- 
 ing from above Thalehaha falls to foot of Leontine falls. The first woman wlio ever climbed into the 
 fearful, rock-ribbed gorge at the crest of Thalehaha falls was Mrs. Prof. McClatchie of Pasadena. June 30, 
 1893, with her husband on a botanical excursion. Then on August 16 Mrs. Dr. Keid passed up the water- 
 course from this point to foot of Leontine falls, clambering over or around seven different falls in the 
 perilous and seemingly foolhardy venture, which no mortal woman had ever attempted before. But on 
 August 21 Mrs. Herve Friend of Los Angeles did the same thing. 
 
382 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "Then comes the great fall, 105 feet high in a single plunge, as seen 
 from below, besides about 100 feet more above but flowing in a somewhat 
 tortuous course and hence hidden from view by rock walls and growing 
 shrubs. The portion seen from below is elegantly festooned with mosses of 
 richest green ; and at its foot there is a semicone of spray upon which a 
 rainbow rests when the sun shines slantwise into it. Mrs. Reid and myself 
 saw this rainbow, vivid and bright, from 4 o'clock until 5:30 p.m. on July 29. 
 This is really the grandest and finest all-the-year-round waterfall in all this 
 range of mountains, and the only one known to produce a rainbow. And I 
 have named it ' Leontine Falls,' in honor of Mrs. Prof. Lowe, who has 
 earnestly .sympathized with and su.stained her husband in his most arduous 
 and complex task of projecting, planning, superintending, pushing ahead, 
 and paying for, the wonderful utilization and mastery of nature's resources 
 which we here behold, — the grandest enterprise which has 1)een undertaken 
 in Southern California since the transcontinental railroads were built. 
 ' Leontine' is Mrs. Lowe's christened name ; and by the same token I hereby 
 christen this perennial queen of the mountain falls, and give you its 
 Natalia or birthday legend : 
 
 The Legend of Leontine Falls. 
 
 Saint Peter was holding a banquet 
 
 In honor of souls who had poured 
 Their lives out for human uplifting, 
 
 And found their lives richly restored. 
 
 Bright angels in radiant garments 
 
 Served forth the memorial feast 
 With plates of seraphic devising, 
 
 And pitchers like stars in the East. 
 
 The viands were those of the Spirit — 
 
 The exquisite essence of Truth, 
 Of Love and all Heavenly virtues 
 
 For nurturing immortal youth. 
 
 The drink was empyreal nectar 
 
 Of rivers from life-source that flow ; 
 God's bounty for beings celestial — 
 
 His bounty for creatures below. 
 
 One angel by chance broke her pitcher, 
 And its clear crystal sheen poured down 
 
 O'er the Falls of Rubio Canyon — 
 The " Leontine Falls" of renown. 
 
 The angel's (juick tears for her ])itcher, 
 
 Falling down the aerial sphere. 
 Were sprent into beams iridescent 
 
 That form yet a bright rainbow here. 
 
 The first photographic view ever taken of this waterfall was liy W. H. 
 Hill of Pasadena, November 10, 1891. And the fir.st woman who ever 
 achieved the climb into its mountain-hidden dell w^as Dr. Rachel F. Reid, 
 July 2.5, 1893. Still above Leontine b'alls the water company has two tun- 
 nels. This canyon follows rapidly down from the summit to the foot of the 
 front range in a line almost due south. 
 
 JCciio Canyon is a large branch of Rubio, coming in from the west, 
 
LEONTINE FALLS. 
 
 Photo by W. H. Hill of Pasadena, November lo, 1S91, assisted by Thaddeus Lowe jr. 
 The first picture ever taken of it. 
 
''^ 
 
 ks. 
 
 CASTLE CANYON. 
 
 •> >i- ' 
 
 
 ' *i 
 
 Jason Krown aud Dr. Reid making the ascent, .August 2S, 1S93. Castle Rock, from wliich the Cauvon 
 takes its name, is seen in the midway distance. Photo and engraving by Hcrve Friend, Los Angeles. 
 
DIVLSION FIVE — NAMES. 383 
 
 which segregates Echo Mountain from the main range, and used to be 
 called West Rubio canyon and creek. It is named from a sharp echo which 
 repeats itself in thunderous, rolling, reverberating cadences that gradually die 
 away in the canyon's summit walls, when a gun is fired or a strong bugle blast 
 is given on Echo Mountain. It has its heading in the great semicircle of sum- 
 mit-reaching white rocks called Echo Amphitheater, at the bottom focus of 
 which there is a tunnel and water supply called "Sycamore Springs," from 
 which water is piped for all uses to Echo Mountain House ; and the surplus 
 is thence piped down 1,400 feet to Rubio Pavilion, where it is utilized on a 
 water motor to run electric dynamos for operating the cable incline cars, 
 electric lighting the licho Mountain hotel, and other uses. 
 
 Castle Canyon. — This is a large branch of Echo canyon, coming 
 down from the summit in a line nearly due south, and has some springs or 
 water tunnels in its course. On its east wall is a conspicuous body of rocks 
 which in perspective very strikingly resemble the ruins of some old Irish 
 castle, with its round and square towers, etc. ; and from this the canyon takes 
 its name. 
 
 Las Flokes Canyon. — Of this name Judge Eaton writes: " The high 
 point of land running up toward ' Flower Canyon ' was always known among 
 the natives as the Mesa de las Flores — the bench or table of flowers — because 
 its surface during the spring season is completely covered with poppies and 
 may be seen far out on the Pacific ocean." 
 
 In 1885, when the project of making a burro trail to the top of the 
 mountains by way of Eas Flores canyon was being talked up, a writer in 
 the Valley Union of October 16, 1885, said: 
 
 " Senator Arnold of Marshalltown, Iowa, told me that once when he 
 was going by steamer from San Diego to San Francisco he noticed this 
 tongue of land al)ove all the rest along the mountain base and asked the 
 captain of the vessel what point it was. He said it was Las Flores canyon 
 (known also as Forsyth canyon), and was a land mark by which they could 
 determine their relative position on the coast line, even when they were 80 
 miles out at sea. This was a most interesting piece of information to the 
 Senator, and he told the captain about his intimate friends. Col. Banbury 
 and the Woodburys, residing on that very slope of land. It was called Las 
 Flores, or ' The Flowers, ' because of the wonderful profusion of wild poppies 
 which in their season tinged that whole canyon slope of a noticeable reddish 
 color, even at so great a distance." 
 
 Gold mining operations were commenced in this canyon during the 
 winter of 1892-3 by Wm. Twaddell and associates. [For particulars of 
 which see chapter on Geology.] Echo Mountain forms the east wall of the 
 canyon; and the upper section of the Mount Lowe Electric Railway cross 
 the upper portion of it and then passes around and up along the walls of 
 Millard and Grand canyon. 
 
 Elms's Canyon. — This is a small canyon in the face of the footmount- 
 
384 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ains next west of Las Flores, and takes its name from Henry Elms, who 
 opened and improved the land at its mouth in 1883, and resides there 3'et, 
 
 1895- 
 
 Chiquito Canyon, west from Elms's place. — Chiquito is Spanish for 
 "smaller," and it was named by Mr. Kims. In April, 1895, a company 
 consisting of P. W. Lloyd, Charles Copelin and J. T. Rood of Pasadena, 
 and a Dr. Crandall of Los Angeles, were digging for water on a large scale 
 in this canyon. 
 
 Leighton's Canyon. — West by south of Chiquito canyon is the farm 
 of S. L. Leighton, whose house stands on the canyon ridge, up the crest of 
 which runs his road over the footmountains into Millard canyon. His ridge 
 road was worked and used by the North Pasadena Water Co. in 1892, while 
 piping water out from some mountain springs above Millard Falls. 
 
 Millard Canyon. — This was called by the Spanish-speaking native 
 Mexicans Cajiyon el Blanco — white canyon because of the whiteness of the 
 rocks in .some portions of its mountain walls. This is especially noticeable 
 in its upper portion, now called Grand canyon. In 1862, a man named 
 Millard settled as a squatter at the mouth of this canyon, utilized its waters, 
 and engaged in raising bees and hauling wood down to Los Angeles. Mil- 
 lard lived here ten years, or until 1872, during which time his wiife and one 
 child died and were buried on what is now the Giddings farm ; and he 
 finally moved away to the Downey settlement in order to get where his 
 children could attend school but the canyon still retains his name. In 
 1874, Millard's abandoned claim was taken by Edwin Baker; he made some 
 further improvements, and in 1877 sold his rights and holdings there to the 
 Giddings family, who still occupy it, having bought adjoining lands and 
 piped water out onto them. Millard Falls is a fine cascade, 58 feet high, 
 and was for some years a favorite picnic resort, the Giddings people having 
 made a wagon road up to it, on which they charged a sn:all tollage fee to help 
 keep it in repair. These Giddingses were cousins of Joshua R. Giddings, 
 the famous anti-slavery member of Congress for seventeen years from north- 
 eastern Ohio (Ashtabula county), who was a giant of pluck and moral power 
 in his day. In his book entitled "All about Pasadena," Prof. C. F. 
 Holder says: 
 
 " The writer was once detained for two days l)y the Millard canyon 
 stream, that in midsummer almost disai)pears. A cloud-burst in the mount- 
 ain filled it to overflowing, and the noise of the boulders, literally bowled 
 from the upper range, was deafening and a continuous reverberating roar. 
 Such occurrences are rare." 
 
 Punch Bowl Canyon. — Half a mile or so above Millard Falls there 
 opens into Millard canyon from the northeast a beautiful gap in wliich 
 there are some fine falls, and two interesting potholes, which luigene Gid- 
 dings and Calvin Hartwell had dubbed "devil's .saucer" and "devil's 
 
MillarJ Cafion Fall. Sierra Madre Mountains, near Los Angeles. 
 
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DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 385 
 
 punchbowl." I failed to discover anything satanic about the place, or its 
 great granite tureens of pure mountain water, and concluded to dehoof and 
 dehorn it, and introduce it into good society without any "devilish" primo- 
 geniture attachment. The Punchbowl Falls are 70 feet high ; and the 
 bowl or ' ' pothole ' ' was so deep, smooth and steep-walled that I could not 
 get down to measure it. The Saucer Falls, lower down, are 25 feet high ; 
 and the saucer measured 2 feet, 10 inches depth of water. Above this fall 
 is a chute of 15 feet, and below it one of about 18 feet. These falls are 
 about three-quarters of a mile up from the main Millard canyon, or Grand 
 canyon as it is called above this point. 
 
 Grand Canyon. — This comprises that portion of the great mountain 
 gorge from above Millard Falls up to Crystal Springs, and the Alpine Club 
 house station on the Mount lyowe Electric railroad. It is the portion which 
 bore the old Spanish name of ' ' Canyon el Blanco, ' ' from the white rocks 
 that form its north wall. About half a mile below the club house is Grand 
 Canyon Falls, 92 feet high, deeply recessed by erosional wear in the 
 great ledge of reddish syenite rock. 
 
 Alpine Falls.— A few rods west, below the Grand Canyon Falls, 
 a narrow, deep-gorged branch canyon enters from the north with a very 
 high fall, which I did not succeed in measuring, but thought it must be 
 at least 130 feet high in its front line of single leap; and I have not 
 been able to learn of anybody ever attempting to measure either of these 
 falls, or write any account of them, before. They are now (August, 1895) 
 very difficult of access ; but the Alpine Club will make a footpath to reach 
 them, both above and below, from their club house. When I first visited 
 these falls in July, 1893, there was a little water passing over; in August, 
 September and October they are usually dry precipices, but during the 
 rainy season they are grand mountain cataracts. 
 
 Chapman's Glen, wt^re the famous Yankee "pirate prisoner" got out 
 pine timbers for the old church at the plaza in lyos Angeles. [See pages 43 to 
 52.] Hon. Stephen C. Foster told me that he once went with some Spanish 
 hunters up through La Canyada ; and Tejunga canyon was pointed out as 
 the place where timbers were cut for "building the old church." This 
 was true, but they were for the old church at San Fernando Mission — not 
 at Los Angeles. [See footnote, pages 46-47.] May 27, 1895, I stayed over 
 night at E. W. Giddings's house, then the next day walked up the water- 
 course of Millard canyon from its mouth clear to Crystal Springs, in order 
 to satisfy myself whether it was a preposterous supposition that Chapman 
 had brought timbers down that way. And I had spent the whole day twice 
 before on the same errand, December i and December 26, 1894. Then, 
 again, August 25, 1895, Mrs. Reid made the hard and dangerous climb with 
 me from Crystal Springs down around the Grand Canyon Falls, into the 
 
 25 
 
386 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Glen, and saw the decayed old stumps and logs which still remain as relics 
 of Joe Chapman's prisonership there, one of the stumps measuring 3 feet 
 and 8 inches in diameter. She was the first woman who ever trod that wild 
 historic spot, or viewed those lofty Grand Canyon and Alpine Falls. 
 
 GiuDiNGS Trail Canyon. — This is the first branch or tributary of 
 Millard canyon ; and the Giddings trail follows up its southeast wall to the 
 summit ridge, which was in 1886 flagged, staked, and claimed for name as 
 " Giddings Peak." [See article "Giddings Trail."] This canyon starts at 
 "Grizzly Point" of the Mount howe Hterature and drops rapidly down 
 southwesterly into Millard canyon. The upper trolley section of the 
 Mount Lowe Electric Railroad crosses the heading of Las Flores canyon 
 first and this Giddings Trail canyon next. [See article, " Giddings Peak."] 
 
 Negro Canyon. — This is a comparatively small but bountiful water- 
 bearing canyon, opening south westward into the Arroyo Seco, and which 
 took its name from a colored man named Robert Owen, who got out wood 
 from there in the early sixties. The Centennial History of Los Angeles 
 County, p. 44, says of him : 
 
 " Robert Owen, familiarly called by Americans 'Uncle Bob,' came from 
 Texas in December, 1853, with ' Aunt Winnie, ' his wife, two daughters, 
 and son, Charley Owen. They survive him. He was a shrewd man of 
 business, energetic and honorable in his dealings ; made money by govern- 
 ment contracts and general trade. He died, well esteemed by white and 
 colored, August 18, 1865, aged fifty -nine years." 
 
 This canyon was government land, beyond the bounds of any land 
 claimed by anybody else. Uncle Bob had secured a contract to supply fuel 
 to the United States officers and soldiers at Los Angeles, and here is where 
 he chopped down trees for that fire-wood supply. .Instead of spending his 
 money getting drunk and gambling, as others did, he saved it and bought 
 up cheap vacant land at Los Angeles, which became highly valuable as the 
 city spread over it, and made him the richest eolored man ever known in 
 the county. The first religious services ever held in Los Angeles county by 
 colored people were at his house, in 1854. His property was on San Pedro 
 street and new Los Angeles street. "Uncle Bob " was a .slave in Texas 
 and hired his time, saved money, and bought his own freedom ; then kept 
 on and sent money back to buy his wife and three children. [Two grand- 
 sons of this man own the Owens block on Broadway near Third street, Los 
 Angeles, and other valuable properties.] The water supply for the Las 
 Casitas .settlement is piped down from Negro canyon. The mountain trail 
 which two .sons of the historic "old John Brown," who gave his life for the 
 Negro race, commenced to build from Las Casitas to Brown's peak, ran 
 partly in this same " Negro canyon." 
 
 Dkadman's Canyon. -This is another .small branch of the Arroyo 
 Seco, next north of Negro canyon. In 1873 a very old Indian Hved in a 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 387 
 
 cabin alone here, getting out wood for Jesus Rubio (Marrone) after whom 
 Rubio canyon is named. One day the old man was found dead, nobody 
 knowing just when or how he died. And the canyon took its name from 
 this circumstance. Old Mr. Brunk, who was one of the men who found 
 the dead Indian there, always claimed that he had been murdered ; but I 
 don't believe it. 
 
 Brown's Canyon. — This is a small branch of the Arroyo Seco, next 
 below Negro canyon, and is on the mountain homestead taken up by Owen 
 and Jason Brown in 1886, after Jason had sold his land where the Las 
 Casitas Sanitarium now stands. It was on the east wall of this canyon that 
 they started their trail to Brown's peak, but which never reached the sum- 
 mit. 
 
 The Arroyo Seco Canyon. — Arroyo Seco is Spanish for "dry 
 creek," and this great branch of the I,os Angeles river has been called by 
 that name almost ever since L,os Angeles was founded as a pueblo [town] in 
 1 78 1. The reason was, that it was a running stream during the winter, but 
 always went dry during the summer and autumn seasons. In the days of 
 the Spanish rule it was their most famous hunting ground ; and here were 
 often captured wild cats, mountain lions, or bears, for the bloody sport-pens 
 of lyos Angeles ; for bull fights, bear baiting, etc., were lawful sports, even 
 on Sunday, up to 1855 — and on week days as late as October 26, 1872, 
 when the last great public bull fight occurred there. The old accounts give 
 two cases at least where bears were lassoed in the Arroyo Seco by one hind 
 foot and one forefoot, and then dragged bodily over the ground down to Los 
 Angeles (by the riatas being attached to the pommels of the horsemen's 
 saddles) and there put into the bear pit to fight with dogs, or a bull, or wild 
 cats. Pasadena lies on the east bank of the Arroyo, and extends across to 
 its west hills, where extensive grading and improvements were made by Mr. 
 C. W. Scoville from 1887 to 1893. 1"^^ following item from the Valley 
 Union of February 26, 1886, gives some idea of the condition of things 
 prior to 1886, where all is now so changed by dams, bridges, retaining walls, 
 county road, private winding drives, substantial dwellings, etc.: 
 
 "There has been more inquiry lately [February, 1886] for Arroyo 
 lands, or wood lots, which extend from the Arroyo Drive across the great 
 gulf and up the half mountainous hills on the west side of the stream. 
 These hills are as full of local names as was old Judea. Jumbo Knob and 
 Jumbo canyon belong to Charley Watts. There is undeveloped water in 
 this canyon. The Fremont Trail and Wildcat canyon are on Mrs. Hood's 
 lots. Buzzard Cliff and Gold-hunter's canyon are on Dr. Reid's lots. Near 
 the head of this canyon are some old gold diggings. The gold dirt assayed 
 only $4 or $5 per ton, and hence wouldn't pay for working. Fern canyon 
 is on Johnson's land, but opens down on the west end of B. F. Ball's and 
 J. F. Steen's wood lots. It is a sort of gap through the hill range, and 
 would furnish the shortest and easiest route for a road from Pasadena to 
 
388 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Kagle Rock. [Just where the county road now runs.— Ed.] The vast Ar- 
 royo gorge from F. R. Harris's lot on the south, up to Mundell's chain of 
 lots on the north, is called Giant's Glen, and is a weird, wild, romantic place 
 to ramble in." 
 
 The above-named ownerships have all changed. Jumbo Knob remains 
 in its place, looking like the famous big elephant's head l5'ing at rest, with 
 his trunk reaching down almost to the Arroyo in search of water, the same 
 as before. But the buzzards have been driven from their ancient cliff; and 
 Fremont's trail [although Fremont never rode within ten miles of it], and 
 Wildcat canyon and Giant's Glen have all been obliterated by Mr. Scoville's 
 extensive improvements. [See " Fremont's Trail," page 68.] 
 
 Along the banks of the Arroyo, from Lincoln Park far up into the 
 mountains, there are numerous springs, from which Pasadena derives her 
 water supply. These are all mentioned and described by name in another 
 place. But the most notable point in the Arroyo Seco is 
 
 Devil's Gate, — which was so named by Judge B. S. Eaton in 1858; 
 and the reason for it he writes me tjius : 
 
 "From its resemblance to a point of that name on the Sweetwater 
 creek, the last water that is seen running east and finding its way into the 
 Gulf of Mexico, as seen from the old California trail by which I came to 
 California with ox teams in 1850. This Arroyo Seco break through the 
 spur of the Verdugo hills corresponds so perfectly with that of the Sweet- 
 water, that when I first saw it I was carried back to mj^ trip over the 
 Rockies." 
 
 Cottonwood Canyon. — On the west side of the Arroyo Seco, between 
 Devil's Gate and Linda Vista, there is a small canyon where N. G. Yocum 
 made two tunnels in 1887, obtaining a small supply of water, and it was 
 then called Yocum's canyon. In 1892 it was taken by the endorsers of a 
 certain promissory note, through their trustee and attorney, W. S. Wright, 
 who organized the "Cottonwood Canyon Water Co.," and gave the place 
 this name because some cottonwood (?) trees [California poplar] were growing 
 there. This company was incorporated October 29, 1892. [See "Water 
 Companies."] 
 
 Wildcat Canyon. — This name was given by the early settlers to the 
 canyon where the Scoville drive meanders up the west Arroyo hills to 
 Scoville Heights; and the old Garfias trail (miscalled "Fremont's trail") 
 was on the ridge that formed the north side of this canyon. 
 
 Fern Canyon. — The gap through the Arroyo west hills where the 
 county road from Scoville's bridge leads through onto the Johnson farm, was 
 given this name by Hon. Delos Arnold in the spring of 1881, from his 
 finding .some rare ferns there ; and the name remained. 
 
 vSan Rafael Canyon, or Creek (Johnson's creek). — This descends 
 from the west and enters the Arroyo Seco nearly opposite the foot of West 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 389 
 
 Columbia street. It is the outlet of Johnson's lake (formerly called Beau- 
 dry's), and forms the principal drainage of the great Johnson farm on the 
 hills west of Pasadena. The bed of this canyon for half a mile or so is a 
 mortar-like puddingstone or conglomerate, — called also "cement rock," — 
 the same as the notable Eagle Rock, about two miles northwest from this 
 point ; and the exposed conglomerate here at the mouth of the canyon is an 
 eastward extension of the same ledge or stratum of this peculiar kind of 
 rock from which the Eagle Rock is an outcropping or uplifted head ; and 
 this same conglomerate ledge has been traced and identified across the 
 country as far eastward as Titus's artesian well, a mile or so south of La- 
 manda Park. In San Rafael canyon there is a small but pretty waterfall — 
 Puddingstone Falls — with a fine specimen of a pothole at their foot. In 
 this connection it is proper to give an account of the Eagle Rock above 
 referred to; and I here quote from the Valley Union of November 22, 1884: 
 
 Eagle Rock. — " About three miles over the hills westward from Pasa- 
 dena stands a monster of a bald, rounded, weather-beaten rock which has been 
 called by various names, but it is best known as Eagle Rock, and gives its 
 name to Eagle Rock creek. Eagle Rock valley, Eagle Rock settlement. It is 
 probable that very few of our readers know why this name was given it. 
 although many Pasadenians have visited it as one of the natural curiosities 
 of this region. The west side of the rock presents a face of perhaps 150 
 feet in height, and in this face are two recesses called the upper and lower 
 cave. The lower cave can be reached by climbing along on slight pro- 
 tuberances of rock, although it is a somewhat difficult and dangerous 
 passage ; Mrs. Dr. Reid climbed there a few weeks ago, and says she wouldn't 
 attempt it again for a corner lot ; but the upper cave is inaccessible. Over a 
 year ago some adventurers made a rude ladder and climbed up it from the 
 lower to the upper cave, and left the ladder there as a testimony of their 
 daring and prowess. It was a constant bait of temptation to other young 
 fellows to risk their lives by attempting the perilous ascent, and finally it 
 was pitched over the precipice and destroyed. The overhanging portion of 
 the rock which forms the roof of the two caves, is so shaped that from some 
 points of view it presents a well defined appearance like the outspread wings 
 of an eagle, and that is what gave it the name of Eagle Rock. This 
 peculiar appearance is well seen from the west hill-side, half a mile or more 
 down the valley from the rock, and is also seen from Mr. Edwin Brown's 
 place, about two miles distant." 
 
 The Tunnel. — Within a mile above Puddingstone Falls is the Beaudry 
 Tunnel, i6o paces long, through the range of hills which form the south 
 wall of this canyon. It was made by Prudence Beaudry, who formerly 
 owned the Johnson ranch, and resided there. In making it he had three 
 objects in view : ist. To provide an easy and direct road from his farm to 
 Eos Angeles, instead of going a long way around, with heavy up-and- 
 down-hill hauls. 2d, To pipe water down to Eos Angeles or its northerly 
 suburbs from a lake that he produced by using the material excavated from 
 the tunnel to build a dam across the canyon, the dam serving also as road- 
 
390 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 way. 3d, The chauce, which was at that time deemed fairly good, of 
 finding coal in these hills. Only the first object was ever realized. This 
 tunnel is wide and high enough for a loaded hay wagon to pass through, 
 or a covered carriage without lowering the top. I examined it, and paced 
 its length, in 1885 — 160 paces, or about 480 feet. 
 
 Columbia Hill. — When the colony lands were first subdivided, a con- 
 siderable body of hill-top land south of West Columbia street and west of 
 Sylvan Drive or Avenue was reserved "for church, school and reservoir 
 purposes." But all except a reservoir site was afterward sold to A. O. 
 Porter and others. [See "Annals of the Schools," and "vSierra Madre 
 College " for its later history.] It was called "Columbia Hill" from the 
 fact that West Columbia street ran from Orange Grove Avenue on a winding 
 grade down its north side to a junction with Arroyo Drive. The highest 
 part of the hill is now occupied by the fine residence of Chas. D. Daggett, 
 Esq. (the old school or college building made over), while other portions of 
 it are occupied by residences of John Wadsworth, Chas. R. Foote, and 
 others. 
 
 Grace Hill. — The body of land now known by this name was in one 
 of the four fifteen-acre shares selected by Judge B. vS. Eaton, when the orig- 
 inal colony lands were allotted by free choice, January 27, 1874. Judge 
 Eaton .sold it to a Mr. Chapman, In the winter of 1883-84 Charles Legge 
 bought from Chapman ten acres, which included the main hill or its highest 
 part, and in five weeks after its purchase he sold it for One Thoiisand Dol- 
 lars MORE than he paid for it. This was the first big gun of the "boom," 
 and for a while Charley \,^%<gQ. wore the champion belt as a real estate oper- 
 ator. The purchaser of this splendid building .site was a Mr. Himebaugh, 
 who made some slight improvements in the way of landscape gardening, and 
 named it " Grace Hill," after his daughter Gracie. He next .sold it to Geo. 
 W. Stimson, who made further and quite elaborate landscape improvements, 
 and put it into the real estate market for sale at $25,000. Here it hung un- 
 taken for three or four years, Mr. Stimson meanwhile keeping an expert 
 gardener, Alfred Ellis, in charge of it ; and it grew more beautiful every 
 year. Finally Wm. Stanton, from Pittsburg, Pa., bought it, and Iniilt the 
 noble dwelling which is now his family home on that eminence, from which 
 there is such a superb and far-reaching outlook in every direction. 
 
 Raymond Hill. — This foothill peak formerly belonged to what was 
 known as the Marengo ranch, or Bacon's ranch. In 1883 Walter Raymond 
 examined sites for his contemplated great hotel project, at vSan Diego, San 
 Bernardino, and Riverside, but finally settled upon this Bacon hill at Pasa- 
 dena as coming the nearest to his ideal of anything he had seen ; and he 
 accordingly purchased it, with a tract comprising about fifty-five acres. The 
 hill was then much higher than now, as it hud to be cut down thirty-four 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 39 1 
 
 feet to get a large enough area on top for the hotel buildings and grounds ; 
 and although it seems to loom up so loftily, the present top of the Raymond 
 hill is just level with the sidewalk at corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Col- 
 orado street. 
 
 Oak Knoll. — See page 344. 
 
 The Old Mill. — In his work entitled "All About Pasadena," Prof. 
 Holder says : "As to the age of EI Molino [the Mill] no one knows, and 
 there is no exact record of its builders ; so in a way it is as mysterious as 
 the mill in Newport, Rhode Island." This is all a mistake ; but he was led 
 into it by sundry errors about the Old Mill in the Farnsworth book, pub- 
 lished in 1883. This stone grist mill was built during the rigorous, ener- 
 getic, work-driving administration of Father Jose Maria Zalvidea, while he 
 served as official head of the San Gabriel Mission and brought it to its climax 
 of industrial and commercial success, from 1806 to 1826. The padre's "Old 
 Mill " building was 24x55 feet, with walls of solid masonry from three feet 
 to four feet nine inches thick, and was erected in 18 10 to 18 12.* There 
 were two great arches in the lower story (east front) where the water-wheel 
 was placed ; and in the upper story, or grinding room, there were two small 
 windows protected by iron bars and heavy shutters. The original roof was 
 of tiling. The Indians had been portioned off into about thirty classes of 
 work people, with Claudio lyOpez as major-domo over all, and a minor-domo 
 or task-master, armed with rawhide whip, [see page 34.] over each cla.ss, 
 whose business it was to see that every man and woman worked daily, ac- 
 cording to rule. But the Indians so frequently revolted against their hard 
 overseers, or escaped to the mountains as hostiles, that rigid guarding and 
 severe punishments became necessary, as well as provision for a stronghold 
 against attacks of the " unconverted " Indians. Therefore the San Gabriel 
 Mission church as it now stands, as well as this mill building, seem to have 
 been made with a view to their serving as castles in time of possible need.f 
 And some parts of the mill, both above and below, were undoubtedly used 
 also as a jail or house of correction for the more obdurate offenders. 
 
 In March, 1829, a Boston gentleman, Mr. A. Robinson, spent two or 
 three days at San Gabriel, having some trading business with Father 
 Sanchez there — for his Boston trading ship was then lying at San^ Pedro 
 harbor with a cargo of goods from Yankeeland. Mr. Robinson was a man 
 of culture ; spoke and read the Spanish language; and remained seventeen 
 years engaged in ship trade and land travel up and down the coast. In 
 
 * Hugo Reid, in speaking of Father Zalvidea, says : " He it was who planted the huge vineyards, 
 * * laid out the orange garden, fruit and olive orchards ; built the mill and dam ; made fences of 
 tunas [broad-leaved cactus] round the fields ; * * brought water Irom long distances ; " etc. 
 
 t A spring flows out from beneath the heavy buttress at the northeast corner of the mill ; and 
 some writers, following the cue given by Miss Alice P. Adams in 1883, have made a great mystery out of 
 it. But the explanation is simple enough. In case the Spanish soldiers and priests should ever find it 
 necessary to take refuge in the mill as a fort and withstand a siege by hostile Indians, this spring could 
 be reached by excavation from within, for a water supply. It was a wise precaution, but never hap- 
 pened to be needed. 
 
392 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 
 Corner buttress. Wheel cliambers. Siiriiif under tliis corner. 
 
 THE OLD STONE MILL. 
 As sketched in '%and of Sinishiiie," July, 1S95. 
 
 1846 he published at New York a book entitled " Life in California." On 
 page 33, speaking of his first visit at San Gabriel, he says: "On the 
 declivity of a hill is erected a molino, or grist-mill, surrounded with fruit 
 trees and flowers. A beautiful lake lies calm and unruffled in front, and all 
 around fresh streams are gushing from the earth, and scattering their waters 
 in every direction. It would be a magnificent spot for a summer retreat, 
 and much reminded me of many of the beautiful locations to be met with in 
 the vicinity of Boston." 
 
 In the centennial "Historical Sketch of lyos Angeles County," pub- 
 lished in 1876, there is a reference to the "Old Mill" which was written by 
 Hon. J. T. Warner, a native of Connecticut who settled at Los Angeles in 
 1 83 1, while the San Gabriel Mission was still flourishing in full vigor, under 
 Padre Sanchez's prelatical rule. And Warner .says : 
 
 "At an early period in the history of San Gabriel, a water-power mill 
 for grinding wheat was constructed and put in operation in front of and near 
 the Mission building. At a later period a new grist-mill was built by the 
 Mission, and placed about two miles from the Mission proper.* This was 
 also olperated by water power. The building in which was placed this mill 
 is now the property of E. L. Mayberry, and is used for a wine cellar. 
 A water-power saw-mill was also built by this Mis.sion, and was located near 
 the last mentioned grist-mill. These were the only mills made or used in 
 California, either for grinding or sawing, in which water was the motive 
 power, or in which a wheel was used, for more than half a century after the 
 founding of the first Mission in continental California. In the.se two grist- 
 mills the revolving mill-stone was u])()n the upper end of a vertical shaft, 
 
 ■*This is a niistakf. Tlic- oUl stone ii)ill was built first, iindtr I'adre Zalvidca, in 1810-12. Tlic mill 
 opposite the church was not built until 1821 ?2. Jose])h Chapman was the carpenter and niillwriRht who 
 built it, and Clatidio I.oikz was then major-domo. See paj^es 42 and 51 . 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 393 
 
 and the water-wheel upon the lower end, so that the revolution of the stone 
 was no more frequent than that of the water-wheel. "-i- 
 
 The grinding stones from this old mill were laid up for a horse-block at 
 the south front of Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb's residence, "San Marino,"! and 
 can be seen there yet — 1895. They are 2^ feet in diameter and 7 to 8 
 inches thick. The kind of stone is volcanic tufa, said to be found some 
 distance up the San Gabriel canyon. The water from Los Robles canyon or 
 creek (the same that has been called " Mill Spring creek," and " Willowdale 
 creek,") was conveyed in a ditch along the side of the bluff on the Stone- 
 man and Richardson farms to the upper side of the mill, where it flowed 
 into a funnel-shaped cement cistern or fore-bay about 12 feet deep. From 
 the bottom of this cistern a narrow spout-flume extended through the thick 
 stone wall into the brick-arched wheel chamber, and the water poured 
 through the spout horizontally against the buckets of the water-wheel. A 
 vertical shaft extended from the water-wheel up into the second story, where 
 it bore the millstone on its upper end to do the grinding work. The water 
 from Mill canyon was also brought by a ditch into the fore-bay of this mill. 
 After the water had been used here it flowed by a cement ditch into the dam 
 or lake, to serve the sawmill and other works below the dam. I visited 
 this Old Mill, with. Ex-Gov. Merrill and Hon. Delos Arnold of Iowa, in 
 January, 1884. But I went there again May 23 and July 25, and August 
 30, 1894, and other times, to re-examine and measure .some parts. The 
 curious fore-bay, with its adjunct reserve cistern and their inflow conduits 
 are still to be .seen at the up-hill side of the building ; while in the lower 
 story the wheel chamber is intact, with its recesses in the side walls for 
 holding the heavy timbers to support the water-wheel on its vertical shaft ; 
 the hole in the arch for the shaft to pass up through; the inflow water 
 flume, etc., are plainly to be seen. There are two arched wheel chambers, but 
 only the south one was ever supplied with a working wheel, for the reason 
 that the earthquake of 181 2 cracked the north fore-bay before the wheel 
 work was completed ; and the crack has been widened a little by several 
 " quakes " in later years. 
 
 In 1859 Col. E. J. C. Kewen, a soldier of the Mexican war and ex- 
 attorney-general of California, purchased the old mill property, the building 
 being then still just as the padres had left it, although a family had been 
 living in it for several years. He made sundr}' additions and alterations 
 to fit it for a genteel dwelling ; and his family resided there until his death, 
 November 25, 1879.!' Since that time it has only been used as a wine-cellar 
 
 *This was true of the first or stone mill, but not of the one built at the church. See page 52. War- 
 ner is also mistaken about these being " the only mills," etc., for Chapman had built one at Santa Ynez 
 in 1820-21. See page 51. 
 
 t" The old mill stones in front of our home, now used as a horse-block, are the identical ones placed 
 in the ' Old Mill by the I.ake ' by the Mission I'alhers." —Letter of Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb to Dr. Reid, 
 March 2g, 181/4. 
 
 JThe Hist. I.os A. Co. published by Thompson & West, iSSo, at page 107, says : " 1858. In February, 
 Col. Kewen of Walker filibustering fame, settled in I.os .Angeles to practice law." 
 
394 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 below, and the up-stairs part as a storehouse for products of the ranch, and 
 bunk-room for the workmen. The place is now owned by E. L- Mayberry, 
 who has made extensive improvements, and built a fine new residence on a 
 bluiT above the mill. 
 
 Wilson Lake. — This is marked on the official map of Pasadena as 
 " Kewen Lake," and the maker of the map informs me that it has that 
 name in the county records. But it had been known as " Wilson's Lake " for 
 .six or seven years before Kewen bought the old mill property, which em- 
 braced the lower end, the dam and the outlet of the lake. And before 
 Wilson's time it was called the Mission lake. The dam was built in 1810 to 
 1812. Father Zalvidea commenced his thrifty but iron rule in 1806, and 
 immediately went about establishing his .sy.stem of taskwork for every one 
 under his control, in order to increase the agricultural, vinicultural, live- 
 stock and manufactured products of the Mission ; and a heavy .stone dam 
 was built to enlarge this lake. Then just below the dam he established a saw 
 mill, a tannery, a wool-washery, etc., where the water could be conveyed b}'' 
 wooden troughs for the use of the work people, who were the neophytes or 
 "converted " Indians. The water was also conveyed in ditches to irrigate 
 additional vineyards and increase the wine and brandy products, the.se being 
 prime articles of commerce at that time. For building the lake dam, heavy 
 cobblestones or boulders were hauled in great clumsy ox-carts from Lincoln 
 Park, this being the nearest point where large enough ones could be gath- 
 ered in quantity;* this I verified by .special examination of the wall, and 
 then of the wash channels near by. And cement for the work, a sort of 
 water lime, was dug out of the hillside and burned where the Lincoln Park 
 reservoir now stands in the old lime kiln pit. There had been a large bog 
 or cienega at the lake place ; and by building the dam the area of the lagoon 
 or lake was more than doubled, and its water .storage four or five times in- 
 crea.sed by depth. The mill stood on ground higher than the lake, and the 
 mill stream flowed into the lake by a cement gutter after doing duty on the 
 miller's wheel. The solid stone wall of the dam is from 6 to 7 feet thick, 
 with reinforcing ledges and buttres.sed flume cheeks on lower .side ; 10 to 12 
 feet high at outlet ; and 70 paces or over 200 feet entire length at top of wall. 
 
 *" old-timers will reiiieinber that all along on the banks of the Arroyo abovit where the Lincoln Park 
 depot now stands, were any quantity of small mounds, built of boulders, and these were said to be Indian 
 graves. In 1S58 I had the curiosity to examine some of them. I was soon satisfied that no bodies 
 had ever been buried beneath them. It is probable that during the construction of the Mission San 
 C.abriel, or some of their water dams that still exist in the neighborhood, Indians were sent there to gather 
 them in i)iles to be haule<l away for building purposes. This theory seems probable, since each ]>ile 
 would just about make a carreta load. These heaps were over and above what they needed, and wrre 
 left." — Judge B. S Eaton's Remintacences. 
 
SCIJNE ON OLD WILSON TRAIL— BF.LOW HALl-WAV IIUISB. 
 
 Before the trail was changed for getting the Harvard telescope up to Telescope Point. 
 
DIVI.SION FIVE — NAMES. 395 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Mountain Trails, Roads, Etc. — The Wilson Trail.— The Telescope Episode.— John 
 Muir's Mountain Climb in Pasadenaland. — The Mount Wilson Toll Road. 
 
 MOUNTAIN TRAILS, ROADS, ETC. 
 
 Wilson's Trail. — Many erroneous and more or less fanciful accounts 
 have been put forth about this now famous and historic first travel-way ever 
 made to the summit of the Sierra Madre mountains. I sought correct infor- 
 mation from Mrs. Shorb and Mrs. Wilson, and they kindly furni.shed me a 
 letter from Mr. Wm. McKee of San Francisco, written to Mrs. Wilson, 
 August 28, 1887, in which he mentions the first trip ever made up that trail 
 on horseback ; and I here quote his account of the matter. Mr. McKee says: 
 
 "Wilson's Trail up the mountain.s — when was it built ? It was com- 
 menced early in 1864. In April of that year, Mr. Wilson invited me to go 
 with him to see the trail, and to see the men at work on the road. I was 
 living in town then.* On the day appointed we started for the mountains: 
 took blankets with us, intending to stay there all night. About i o'clock 
 we got to where the men were at work, near the place now called the Half- 
 Way House. 
 
 ' ' I was anxious to go on up to the top of the mountains. Mr. Wilson 
 inquired of the men if they thought we could go to the top of the mountains 
 with the horses. One of the men said he had been there, and that there was 
 a spring of water on the very top ot the mountains. At 2 o'clock we started, 
 leading the horses ; we soon got to the ridge of the mountains, and there 
 found a well beaten bear trail leading to the spring. I thought then, and do 
 still, that that water was the best I ever tasted in my life. We camped there 
 that night. Oh, how beautiful ! Next day we found the relics of the two houses. 
 They were two parallelograms, well marked by a pile of what appeared to 
 be ashes. Removing the ashes, we found the lower logs of the cabins not de- 
 cayed. Americans must have built them. Mr. Wilson said so. Michael 
 White, who came to San Gabriel in 1825, knew nothing of them. f We were 
 the first who ever visited that Wilson Peak on horseback. In referring to 
 this, I shall always remember it as one of the most pleasant trips I ever had 
 with Mr. Wilson ; and we had many. Yours very truly, 
 
 William McKee. 
 
 Some writers have treated this story of the "old cabins" as imaginative; 
 but Mr. McKee, and B. U. Wilson and his stepson, E. vS. Hereford, all cor- 
 roborated their existence. Mr. Hereford had charge of the first pack train 
 that ever brought a load of shakes or pickets down that trail, in July or 
 August, 1864. He is still living, and resides at San Gabriel — 1895. 
 
 For ten or twelve years after Pasadena was settled it was reckoned a 
 
 *Mr. McKee resided in I,os Angeles at that time and had been employed by Mr. Wilson as private 
 tutor to his children. 
 
 tOf course not. Robbers and horse thieves would keep their own secrets. The historic records of this 
 region of country show that from IS35, or down to as late as 1874, it was almost continually infested by 
 gangs of white men outlaws, whose robberies were often charged to Indians. In December, 1840, Gov. 
 Alvarado reported " that a party of adventurers from the United States had stolen three thousand horses 
 belonging to the Missions of San Luis Obispo and San Gabriel, and various private ranches." — T. H. 
 Hittell in Overland Monthly, November, iSSs, page 463, 
 
396 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 great adventure to go up the Wilson Trail, and stay on the summit over night. 
 And on June 23 24 25, 1885, the largest party that had at that time ever 
 made the ascent, .spent three days on the trip, having a right jolly time of 
 it. This historic company consisted of the following persons: 
 
 "Mrs. S. E. Merritt, Mrs S. P. Jewett, Mrs. Charles A. Gardner, 
 Mis.ses Olive Eaton, Carrie D. Hill, Maria B. Vischer, Helen Hill, Una 
 Robinson, Flora Conger, Lucille Robinson, Dr. O. H. Conger, Prof. E. T. 
 Pierce, George W. Howard, Charles L. Turner, Howard W. Conger, 
 George Eaton, George PVost, Edward Mosher, William Watson, Hubert 
 Winston, Roy Lanterman, Lester Lippincott, Frank Warner, Master Frank 
 Ogden, Charles A. Gardner, seven burros, and one Mexican. At dark they 
 lighted the usual .signal fire, and had the pleasure of seeing it responded 
 to from Pasadena." 
 
 THE TELESCOPE EPISODE. 
 
 The most important historic event connected with this Trail in all 
 the years was that of conveying the Harvard telescope up over its nar- 
 row line to the summit, in April, 1889. The task was undertaken by 
 the Pasadena Board of Trade, with Judge Eaton as manager-in-chief. 
 [See page 326.] He found it necessary at .some points to widen the 
 trail, and at some points to change its line and make a totally new 
 path. The entire material was over three tons weight, to be trans- 
 ported about eight miles from nearest railroad station, making in that 
 distance an ascent of over 4,000 feet along a winding or zigzag don- 
 key path mostly from six to twelve inches in width, on the steep niounl- 
 ain sides. Of course some of the stuff could be put into detached par- 
 cels and packed on the backs of mules or burros ; but a large iron frame 
 of nearly half a ton weight must go up .solid. To meet this contingency^ 
 Judge Eaton devi-sed a trundle-car that was made strictly on Scripture prin- 
 ciples, for it was not a graven image, nor a "likeness of anything in heaven 
 above, nor the earth beneath, nor the waters under the earth." It was a 
 heavy-framed wooden platform two and one-half feet wide and three feet 
 long, with a solid cast-iron roller .seven inches in diameter and two feet one 
 inch long .serving as the front wheel, and being axeled a little forward of 
 the middle of the platform ; while at the rear there was a ca.stor-wheel with 
 a tail-bar or lever to steer the vehicle. Acrcss the front was a .stout iron 
 bail, to which one or two mules could be attached in Indian file fashion for 
 pulling ahead. On each side at the corners were heavy iron rings by which 
 the freight was lashed with ropes or chains to the car platform, .so that if 
 the car should go off the track down a .slope or over a precipice the load 
 would still stay on it. At .some points where there was a sharp angle in the 
 trail, they had to pick and drill and blast out rock to widen it before they 
 could make the turn safely ; and at .some places where there were a series of 
 sharp angles constituting a zig-zag traverse, they had to drill into the 
 m(juntain side for a secure anchorage at the upper laj) of the traverse, and 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 397 
 
 then with heavy ropes and pulleys hoist the car and its load bodily up the 
 steep declivity till a new stretch of trail was reached, where the trundle-car 
 could be rolled along again. Just think of a solid half-ton's weight of freight- 
 age being thus transported six miles in distance and 4,000 feet in elevation, 
 and you get some idea of what a job it was at that time (for, remember, this was 
 long before the toll road was built, but was really what led to it,) to get the 
 Harvard telescope into place for its historic and famous astronomical work 
 on Mount Wilson. 
 
 For further particulars about this telescope, and the special scientific 
 work which it did here, see page 367 — "Harvard Telescope Point.' 
 (In 1894 Dr. Reid took pains to secure this historic trundle-car for preserva- 
 tion in the Throop Polytechnic collection of relics pertaining to Pasadena 
 history.) 
 
 At a public meeting, April 2, 1889, for the purpose of raising $100,000 
 to aid in establishing a 40-inch telescope (biggest in the world) on Mt. 
 Wilson, Judge Eaton gave the following points on distances and altitudes : 
 
 " Pasadena is just four miles south of Mt. Wilson, and four miles west. 
 The distance from the foot of the mountain to the top is 8.7 miles, and he 
 would make the grade not greater than one in ten. He estimated the alti- 
 tude of Mt. Wilson to be 5,560 feet. Plenty of granite is available near the 
 summit, and the Henniger flat (2,200 feet) afforded a splendid site for a 
 hotel. He thought Pasadena was big enough and able enough to build a 
 wagon road to the summit. 
 
 "As to the transportation of the 23-inch telescope to the summit, the 
 Judge said, ' It is all there!' (applause). The work had been laborious, but 
 the people of Pasadena had redeemed their word, and put it on the moun- 
 tain, at a cost of a httle less than $1,000, the greater part of which had 
 been spent in improving the trail." 
 
 The Staroi April 3, 1889, said : " A big blaze on the summit of Mt. 
 Wilson last night announced that Judge Eaton had succeeded in placing all 
 the boxes containing the Harvard telescope on the spot where the observa- 
 tory is to be built." 
 
 Star photographing was commenced here about May i, 1889, and con- 
 tinued some eighteen months, in charge of Prof. King. Hence the local 
 name thereof, "Harvard Telescope Point ;" but it had previously been known 
 as Signal Peak or point ; and the old telescope building has been converted 
 into a mountain-top liotel annex called "The Casino." See page 367. 
 
 THE MOUNT WILSON TOLL ROAD. 
 
 For nearly twenty years after Pasadena was settled, it was deemed a 
 great adventure to go up Wilson's trail and spend a night on the mountain ; 
 and this trip gradually became so popular that in 1885 and 1886, various 
 schemes were talked of for making some shorter, easier, safer and more 
 direct travel- way to the mountain tops. One plan set forth early in 1885, 
 was for a hack line from Pasadena up into Las Flores canyon, where it was 
 then expected a large sanitarium, or hotel, would soon be built ; and from 
 
398 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 there a burro trail up the great dividing ridge between Las Flores and Mil- 
 lard can5'ons to the top of the range. There was a foot trail up this route, 
 and Dr. B. A. Wright, who then owned the Las Flores house, followed it 
 up on horseback to a point nearly or quite as high as Echo Mountain, just 
 to test the feasibility of the plan. But the .sanitarium .scheme failed, and this 
 mountain bridle road plan died with it. Another scheme was to make a 
 bridle road up around Millard Falls and on into what is now called Grand 
 canyon — thence up over the dividing ridge now called the " Mount Lowe 
 saddle " — thence down across Grand Basin to the Eaton Canyon pass, and 
 thence on to Wilson's peak. This would have made an intramontane trip 
 excelling in picturesque beauty and grandeur the old Wilson Trail and the 
 Switzer Trail ; and it was designed to be worked as an adjunct to the 
 Painter Hotel, for the benefit of its winter tourist guests. The parties inter- 
 ested in it were A. J. Painter, Calvin Hartwell, E. W. Giddings, L. W. Gid- 
 dings, Byron O. Clark.* However, the project was never carried through; yet 
 partly under its inspiration a good pack-trail was made clear up into Grand 
 canyon, for the uses of water development work in the upper sources of Mil- 
 lard canyon. There was talk of making a wagon road clear to Wilson's peak 
 by this route ; but that was a preposterous idea, for it would have cost 
 $100,000 to make a road of passage there for four-wheeled vehicles. 
 
 It was in 1885 that C. P. Switzer, a carpenter from Los Angeles, con- 
 structed his trail up the Arroyo Seco canyon to a romantic place of cabins 
 and tents, waterpools and falls, baths, etc., known to fame for a few years as 
 "vSwitzer's Camp." But this was only a sort of half-way house to any part 
 of the mountain top, and from here there were only difficult footpaths or 
 burro trails to Mount Disappointment, Strawberry peak, and other lofty 
 summits, and to Barley Flats. 
 
 In 1886 Owen and Jason Brown, sons of the famous "Old John 
 Brown," commenced constructing a bridle road from their mountain home- 
 stead abore Las Casitas to a point at the top of the front range, which thev 
 christened " Brown's peak." After building about two miles of their road 
 they had to give it up for want of funds ; and Owen's death in January, 
 1889, totally ended the project. 
 
 Yet, in spite of all these different schemes, Wilson's Peak still had the 
 cally People mostly seemed to think and talk as if that was the only place 
 
 *As early as 1883-84, Byron O. Clark and his brother-in-law, H. C. Kellogg, a civil engineer, while 
 prospecting and surveying for mountain springs to supply the Painter & Ball tract, noticed the fine 
 parks of oak timber on the west slopes of Oak Mountain (now called Mt I.,owe). and they applied to 
 Washington for privilege to survey it at their own cost and buy a section of it as timber land. They got 
 answer that it had been officially reported and recor<k-(l as "nnsurveyable." They tried further to get 
 it. but without success. Mr. Kellogg at that time projected levels and grades and detours for a road to 
 Wilson's Peak by the Millard canyon route ; and Clark planned for a land.scape paradise and half-way 
 station in the same timber slopes where the Alpine Club house and Crystal Springs station of Mt. Lowe 
 Railroad are now located. U. C. Kellogg is now [1S94] county surveyor of Orange county. Clark resides 
 at I.inda Vista, Pasadena. 
 
 r'The Signal Peak Hotel Co. has made arrangcnu-nts with Mr. ]m>.\. Abbot Kiuniyand Col. Mayberry 
 for right-of-way across their mountain side lands ; and on Wtdntsday Clarence Martin and Mr. Kockwood 
 located the route for their new horseback road to the mountain top, " uic. — C'mon, June 11, 1SS6. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 399 
 
 where there was any mountain top worth going to, or at all accessible ; and 
 in 1886, a cog-wheel railroad similar to the one on Mount Washington, New 
 Hampshire, was talked up— till finally R. Williams, Byron W. Bates and 
 C. S. Martin formed a company, and took steps to secure rights for land, 
 water, wood and stone on the unsurveyed government lands at the Mount 
 Wilson summit.* Their idea was to make a good bridle-road first, and then 
 enlist eastern capitalists to build a hotel up there, and build a cog-wheel 
 railroad from the mouth of Eaton canyon up to it. They did secure some 
 land claims, though from various causes their railroad and hotel project 
 failed. But the locating of the Harvard photographing telescope on Mount 
 Wilson in 1889 gave a new measure of fame and interest centering at this 
 mountain ;t and the difficulties which Judge Eaton had to overcome in get- 
 ting that telescope, besides the heavy timbers, irons, etc., necessary for its 
 proper housing and mechanical control, up over the old trail, led him to 
 think seriously of trying to build a better road right up from the mouth of 
 Eaton canyon, | and thus connect Pasadena with this mountain top in the 
 shortest and most direct way, instead of having to go ten miles around, by 
 way of Sierra Madre town and the Santa Anita canyon. 
 
 Accordingly, Judge Eaton called a meeting June 18, 1889, at the Presi- 
 dent's room of the First National Bank, "to consider steps necessary to be 
 taken to build a wagon road to Mount Wilson." The men who atttended 
 this meeting were: J. A. Buchanan, P. M. Green, E. C. Winston, George 
 A. Greeley, H. H. Rose, M. E- Wood, A. J. Painter, C. S. Martin, George 
 F. Kernaghan, Charles Copelin, J. R. Riggins, W. U. Masters. P. M. 
 Green was chosen for chairman of the meeting and Mr. Masters secretary. 
 Judge Eaton fully explained the feasibility of the project, from a preliminary 
 survey which he had made of the entire series of mountain slopes to be 
 traversed ; and ended by moving that they should proceed to organize a com- 
 pany to build such a road. The motion prevailed, and a preliminary organ- 
 ization was effected by electing Kernaghan for president, Martin vice-presi- 
 dent. Wood secretary and First National Bank treasurer ; and for directors, 
 Martin, Kernaghan, Buchanan, Greeley and J. W. Hugus. The organiza- 
 tion was incorporated as "The Pasadena and Mount Wilson Toll Road 
 Company," July 12, i88g, with the following named .shareholders: 
 
 P. M. Green, A. J. Painter, Charles Copelin, J. A. Buchanan, James 
 R. Riggins, Benjamin S. Eaton, C. S. Martin, George F. Kernaghan, G. E. 
 
 *" Mr. J. M. Willard, the surveyor, with four assistants, has been at work the last week surveying for 
 the new mountain-top company who have planned to make a good horseback road, with telephone line 
 to the summit camp, starting up at the mouth of Precipicio canvou."— [Pasadena Valley Union, May 
 14, 1886. 
 
 t" A good wagon road will bring it within ten miles of Pasadena, while the I.ick observatory is twenty- 
 three miles from San Jose. A mountain railroad will undoubtedly reduce the ten miles to five, and bring 
 the observatory within an hour of the Carlton."— C T. Hopkins, public address on Library />i/etes/s.^Peh- 
 ruary 18, 18S9 
 
 I" Four men are at work this week running barometric levels to test for a possible wagon road, rising 
 one foot in ten, from the mouth of Eaton canyon to the top of Mount Wilson direct."— [Pasadena Stand- 
 ard, February 23, 1889. 
 
400 HISTORY OI' TASAHKNA. 
 
 Prosser, George A. Greeley, \V. K. Arthur, H. H. Rose, M. U. Wciod. The 
 capital stock was fixed at $50,000, divided into 500 shares of $100 each. 
 
 The conipatiy secured a right-of-way 100 feet wide from the Precipicio 
 Canyoti Water Company (Katon canyon) across their lands, and from the 
 county board of supervisors for the rest of the distance — this latter includ- 
 ing " Henniger's flat," which Capt. Henniger held at that time only by 
 squatter's right, not by patent. Their first step was to determine just 
 where their roadway should be located at the mouth of Katon canyon, and 
 its position relative to the tunnels, pipes, check valves, etc., of the water 
 company ; and Engineer J. li. Place was employed to survey this part of 
 the roadway territory and prepare a detail map of the same. But no grad- 
 ing was done for more than a year ; and the project seemed to have died 
 before it was born. Debts had accumulated for various services and inci- 
 dental expenses, and remained unpaid. 
 
 December 10, 1S90, a meeting was held to consider the situation, and 
 decide what should be done further. At this meeting Mr. Kernaghan pro- 
 posed a reorganization of the company, on condition of having assigned to 
 him all the shares held by the various stockholders ; and as the outstanding 
 debts for which each stockholder was liable under the law about equalled 
 the value of the stock held, the proposition was readily accepted, many of 
 them lieing glad to thus let themselves down eas)- and get out of further 
 responsibility in the matter. The reorganization was effected, and under 
 it, George F. Kernaghan, C. S. Martin, J. W. Vandevort, R. T. Vande- 
 vort and George A. Greeley liecame the sole owners of the corporation and 
 its franchises. And from this time on things began to move. Mr. Kerna- 
 ghan as president and manager devoted most of his time to forwarding the 
 enterprise. Engineer J. W. Sedwick was employed to survey the route from 
 mouth of I{aton canyon to the summit, set the grade stakes and prepare esti- 
 mates of all grading, filling, bridging and rock work to l)e done. The origi- 
 nal wagon road theory had 1)een boiled down to the more practical and 
 feasible plan of a bridle-road ; and a contract was let to Thomas Banbury to 
 grade and construct such a road for the company. He pushed the work to 
 completion as rapidly as possible ; ])ut the blasting and rock work around 
 some of the granite spurs and crags proved a more difficult and costly job 
 than had l)een anticipated. 
 
 The length of road constructed, four feet wide, is nine and one-eighth 
 miles, extending from the mouth of Eaton canyon, about 1,575 ^^ct above 
 sea level, to the summit of Mount Wilson, where the Har\'ard telescope 
 stood for a year and a half, 5,565 feet above the sea ;-^ and the grade nowhere 
 
 ♦Judge Eaton's aneroid barometer gave difTereiit altitude registers nt Toot of the road, varying from 
 i.soo to 1, 57s ; and at the sunnnit it varied more than r(wi teet al (lifferent times, owijig to wind currents 
 of difTerent degrees of moisture or di yness, or electrical tension ; Imt an iivcriige of twenty otiservations 
 gave 5,. s.so feet as the altitude. ICnuinei-r Sedwick. who surveyed the Toll Road, gave ,s,.sf)" feet as the 
 altitude. And Trof. rickcring of Harvard t'liiversity, with his superior insttnmenis and expeit scien- 
 tific tests, made it 5.,s6.s feet elevation. So I take that as scientific authority. Hut it slioidil he noted that 
 Jiulge Katon's result only varie<l fifteen feet from that of the great scientific expert; and Sedwick's 
 actual survey only varied five feet. 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 
 
 401 
 
 exceeded a rise of one foot in ten. The total cost of surveying, grading, 
 building telephone line to foot of road, and incidental expen.ses, footed up 
 about $5,000. 
 
 This construction work was going on during the early months of 1891. 
 Meanwhile Mr. Kernaghan was president of the Pasadena Packing Co., 
 and also both president and manager of the Daily Star Publishing Co., and 
 on the i.st of May he became postma.ster of Pasadena. These varied cares 
 and labors proved too heavy a strain upon him, and about the last of May 
 he relinqui-shed his interest in the toll road, being succeeded by H. W. 
 Magee as president and manager. The grading work was then still in 
 progress. On his retiring, the Company, as a souvenir of the pa.st and a 
 token of their kindly regard, presented Mr. Kernaghan with a "life pass" 
 over the road — the only one ever issued. 
 
 The original land and water rights acquired in 1S86 by Bates, Martin 
 and Williams on Mount Wilson, besides some later claims, are now [1895] 
 held by C. S. Martin, J. W. and R. T. Vandevort, J. H. Holmes of Hotel 
 Oreen, Wm. Morgan and Wm. R. Staats, and comprise what are known as 
 " Martin's camp," "vStrain's camp," and "Observatory Casino." [See pages 
 
 «- •> V. , 
 
 
 ^•-j 
 
 .#" - ' 
 
 d'd. 
 
 t*m , ^ • ' J mutt (I ^5r ^^ ^ ^-.w 
 
 ■■■&. 
 
 li 
 
 
 STRAIN'S CAMP-1894. 
 At the original Mount Wilson Spring. See article, " Wilson's Trail," page 395. 
 
 367-68.] And they have control of the old original Wilson Trail, as well 
 as their own Toll Road.* 
 
 The I-,os Angeles Times of July 21, 1891, contained the following 
 account of the funnie.st historic inci'dent connected with this Toll Road : 
 
 *The Weekly Star oi }\i\y 8, 1891, reporting a trip of the county board of supervisors up the Toll 
 Road in order to fix its toll rates, says : " It is over the same general route as that surveyed four years 
 ago by Col. J. K. Place and Mr. Horne, for a cog-wheel railroad. That survey cost $1,000, and was i)aid 
 for by Col Markham, C. S. Martin and R Williams. That route was over a 25 per cent, grade, without 
 any switchbacks, and went pretty straight up the mountain. * * The Toll Road survey was be- 
 gun in November. 1890, and took two months steady work. The cog-wheel road was estimated to cost 
 $400,000. The Toll Road is 8.7 miles in length, and its 10 per cent, grade gives a rise of about 5,000 feet. (?) 
 It has numerous romantic points which have been named, such as Pasadena View, Saint's Rest, Halfway 
 Tarn, Mosquito Pass, Cape Horn, etc. Its top end is at the observatory." 
 
 26 
 
402 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 " Decidedly the most novel feature to chronicle in connection with the 
 mountain was the ascent made on Sunday by Joe Simons and Chas. Fish- 
 beck, in carts of their own invention and manufacture, and designed especi- 
 ally for the trip. The journe}- was made thus for the reason that Joe's 
 avoirdupois makes it well nigh impossible for him to make the ascent on 
 foot or mounted. Hence he set his inventive genius to work, and the result 
 was a two- wheeled cart, the wheels being but a trifle over two feet apart and 
 the seat resting on the axle so that the driver could conveniently step to the 
 ground along the narrow places of the trail. The odd-looking pair of 
 vehicles left the foot of the new trail at five o'clock vSunda}' morning, and 
 made the ascent without an}' mishap in a little over four hours. The day 
 was spent at Martin & Lynch 's camp, where photographs were taken of the 
 outfits and several attendants who went along to assist in case of emergency. 
 Th6 return trip was made the same day. Messrs. Simons & Fishbeck enjoy 
 the distinction of having first traversed the new trail on a wheeled vehicle. " 
 
 The Star of Saturday, July i8, described the carts, which were made 
 by Stephen Helen, who was to ride one of them, and it said: "They are 
 very narrow — twenty-eight inches — and are provided with mowing machine 
 seats. Joe's 270 pounds of constitution forbids him to either ride horseback 
 or walk up the trail, so he tries the cart." The fact seems to be, that 
 Messrs. Helen and Fishbeck took turns riding their queer thing. 
 
 The Pasadena Evening News of June 12, 1895, said : 
 
 "At a recent meeting of the Mt. Wilson Toll Road Co., the following 
 officers were elected : C. S. Martin, president ; Wm. Morgan, vice-presi- 
 dent ; W. R. Staats, secretary and treasurer ; R. T. Vandevort, manager." 
 
 Telescoiic point. 
 
 Wilson's peak. 
 
 
 « ,.' 
 
 
 A'.i*. 
 
 MARTIN'S CAMP, AT MOUNT HARVARD NECK. 
 
 
 Then, in reply to my inquiries for latest data before printing this chap- 
 ter, the secretary wrote nie July 16, 1895 : 
 
 "The mountain wagon road will be twelve feet wide, and a length of 
 nine miles to the summit. On the summit will be laid out ten to fifteen 
 miles of bridle roads leading to different points of interest, and through the 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 4O3 
 
 great pine forests ; while on the way up there are many beautiful spots to 
 which branch roads will be run. The Henniger Flats property, recently 
 purchased by Harry C. Allen, consists of 120 acres — the only mesa land on 
 the mountain side. Here a park will be laid out and resort buildings con- 
 structed, in connection with the mountain road. This land, and the land 
 owned by the company on the summit, is not included in the government 
 forest reservation. The summit is now connected by telephone with Pasa- 
 dena, I^os Angeles, San Francisco, etc." 
 
 SwiTzer's Trail. — The Valley Union of May 29, 1885, said : 
 " C. P. Switzer has filled a ' long-felt want ' by making a direct trail up 
 the mountains from Brunk's to the big fall of the Arroyo Seco. He has 
 taken up a claim at the falls, and built accommodations for tourists, who are 
 furnished with a good trail at a nominal price, and bed and meals for such 
 as stay over. He is about half way to the summit, and tourists can make 
 the trip up from this place and back in a day, and thus make a very com- 
 fortable trip of it." 
 
 The waterfall referred to was named Virginia Falls. It is a beauti- 
 ful mountain cascade, but not so high as those in Eaton, Rubio, or Millard 
 canyons. Switzer's trail and mountain camp enjoyed much popularity for 
 five or six years, until Mount Wilson and other points of loftiest outlook 
 were made easily accessible. The following account of a trip up Switzer's 
 trail, with some notable historic associations, was published in the Union of 
 May 14, 1886 : 
 
 "At 7:30, May 4, a party of young folks left Orange Grove Avenue 
 for a trip to the mountain top, via Switzer's trail. At Mr. Thompson's on 
 the Ivas Casitas ranch, they expected to meet the guide with burros for the 
 ascent, but he failed to put in an appearance ; and so for that day they con- 
 tented themselves climbing the beautiful hills around the ranch, from which 
 (by the aid of the historic field glass formerly owned and used by John 
 Brown at Harper's Ferry, in 1S59,) they had a most charming view of the 
 valley below, and of Pasadena. 
 
 "Mrs. Thompson (John Brown's daughter) kindly entertained them 
 for the night ; and in the morning Mr. Owen Brown, (the only survivor of 
 Harper's Ferry) with his usual kindness, offered his services as guide. From 
 a neighbor they obtained two horses. They thought it would be hard work 
 to divide two horses between .six people, but concluded to try it. Two 
 young ladies and Mr. Thompson started at noon, on foot, for Mr. Brunk's, 
 up the Arroyo ; Mr. Thompson felled trees and helped them safely across 
 the stream. At Mr. Brunk's they procured two more horses, but no saddles, 
 and fortunately found Mr. S., a young man from Chicago, who was rusticat- 
 ing for a few days, and who joined the party. After a few minutes delay, 
 the rest of the party came up. After leaving Mr. Brunk's they followed 
 the valley up, cro.ssing the Arroyo forty-six times during a five mile ride. 
 With laughter and song they rode along, making the valley ring. The 
 favorite song over this part of the road was, 'One moie river to cross.' 
 After riding for some time two of the ladies dismounted, letting their horses 
 follow at will. All went well until they came to the last crossing ; as the 
 stones looked safe, the girls thought they could hop over ; but alas ! a little 
 shriek, and in they went. If the gallant Chicagoan had not ru.shed to their 
 
404 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 rescue, they might have floated to the sea. One of the young ladies thought the 
 ducking would not hurt her, as her grandfather was a Baptist. With their 
 lovel}' bloomer suits somewhat the worse for the fall, they came to the foot 
 of the mountain, and to climb the ' golden stair ' was next in order. The 
 'golden stair' is a path just wide enough for a horse or burro, cut in zig- 
 zag shape up the mountain side. The party was glad to reach the top of 
 the 'stairs' (4,600 feet above the sea), as it had been dark for some time, 
 making the precipice along which they had been riding look deeper and 
 more fearful than by daylight. Soon the lights of the camp fire were visible, 
 and a glad shout went up, but although they were now on the down grade 
 they could not go fast, and it was 8:40 when they reached vSwitzer's camp." 
 
 Prof. C. F. Holder's illustrated pamphlet entitled "The Highlands of 
 Pasadena," published in 1889, says : 
 
 "To thoroughl)' enjoy the beauties of the inner range, the services of 
 the genial Switzer should be obtained. The 'Commodore,' as his friends 
 term him, is the only dweller in the heart of the souihern sierras, and has a 
 camp about twelve [fourteen] miles from the valley, directly up the Arroyo. 
 He penetrated these wilds originally in search of health himself, and having 
 found it, is now engaged in enjoying it, and entertaining those who care to 
 see something of Southern California scenery behind the big wall. * * * 
 The ' Commodore's ' S(|uadron consists of a band of burros trained to climb 
 the side of a house, trained to walk a tight-rope-like trail, and even to sing. 
 These faithful animals very slowly and surely take you into Switzer'sin five 
 or six hours, making the trip twice a week." — p. 43 44. 
 
 Prof. Holder mentions in the same connection that a trail had been 
 made from Switzer' s to the top of Mount Disappointment, and also one to 
 
 BarIvEY Flats. — This is a table of land on a summit of the third range 
 back from Pasadena, presenting a tolerably level surface of perhaps 160 
 acres which is covered with a dense, rich growth of wild barley in its season; 
 this made it a regular deer pasture, and consequently a prowling place for 
 mountain lions seeking prey -and these conditions together had given the 
 place fame as a hunting ground for thirty years past, from Los Angeles. It 
 could be reached by way of the old Wilson trail ; but after Switzer 's trail 
 was made, that was the best and easiest route from Los Angeles or Pasadena 
 to Barley Flats. '^ 
 
 Pine Flats. — This is another similar mountain-top area .said to contain 
 about 320 acres. It is in the same range witii Barley Flats, is reached by a 
 mountainous trail from Mount Wilson, and is a favorite summer resort for 
 Pasadena hunters and campers. It is well covered with pine and cedar trees, 
 .some of which are 250 feet high and 7 feet in diameter. So say H. N. 
 Farey, K. Groenendyke, and others. 
 
 Brown's Trail.— See article "Brown's Peak," page 373. 
 
 GiDDiNGs's Trail. — The Valley Ujiion of June 18, 1S86, said : 
 
 " E. W. Giddings has planted an immense white flag on a mountain 
 summit next east of Millard canyon which is hereafter to be known as Gid- 
 dings's Peak, in honor of the famous old anti-slavery statesman of Ohio, 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 405 
 
 Hon. Joshua R. Giddings. Mr. Giddings is building a double trail to this 
 peak, so as to carry visitors up by way of Millard canyon and the falls. ' 
 
 In his "Highlands" pamphlet of i88g, Prof. Holder said : 
 
 "The road to Millard canyon winds up by the Giddings ranch, then 
 dips into the deep canyon. * ^'^ A mile or more and the road ends, and a 
 footpath leads to the falls, one of the most attractive in the range. * * 
 To go beyond the fall the cliff must be climbed, the roots of great live-oaks 
 forming supports. By keeping to the right the Giddings trail may be 
 reached, from which one of the finest views of the city and the San Gabriel 
 valley is obtained." 
 
 This Giddings trail was a burro path leading from Millard canyon up to 
 Giddings peak, which was the same point on the front range summit that is 
 now called "Grizzly Point" in the Mount lyowe Uterature. And this 
 Grizzly Point is the ledge of rock where a bear is saicj to have sat and 
 laughed to see Gov. Markham, Charley Watts, David Townsend and E. G. 
 Halleck of the " Pasadena rifle team," running from him pell-mell down the 
 mountain side, in spring of 1882. [See Gov. Markham's speech at the 
 Mount Lowe celebration, August 23, 1893, i'^ Chapter 23.] 
 
 Uncle Bob's Trail. — In going from Giddings Heights into Millard 
 canyon, or in crossing Millard creek on the road to Las Casitas, there will be 
 seen an old road in the west wall of Millard canyon that looks too steep to 
 have ever been practicable for any wagon use ; yet this is where Uncle Bob 
 Owens, the colored man, hauled wood out from Negro canyon to supply the 
 U. S. headquarters and barracks at Los Angeles with fuel, in 1862-3-4. I* 
 was better to haul it up over the mountain spur above Negro canyon and 
 then down this fearful grade, rather than down the easier but far-around 
 Arroyo Seco route, and then up the high, steep bluff at Devil's Gate. [See 
 article, "Negro canyon," page 386.] 
 
 The Soledad Trail, or Grade. — Looking northwest from Pasadena, 
 there is seen a line cut along in a north and south direction on the mountain 
 side beyond and above Las Casitas. This is where the traders of Los 
 Angeles set out in the year 1868, before the Southern Pacific R. R. was 
 built, to construct a wagon and stage road across the mountains to the 
 Soledad mining region, which was then a booming center of development.* 
 About six miles were completed as a wagon road, and six miles more 
 worked sufficiently to be used as a pack trail ; but the cost of the work 
 greatly exceeded estimates, and the time required proved to be double and 
 treble what was expected. Hence, as soon as it became settled that the S. P. 
 R. R. would build to Los Angeles, this wagon road project was abandoned ; 
 but the gullied and ruined grade still remains to tell the story of a great 
 enterprise of the mining days in South California. In 1887 the business 
 men of Pasadena had a preliminary survey made over this same route 
 
 *Gold milling was going on at Soledad in iS6S ; but silver and copper mining was a success there 
 earlier ; and in 1876 the place had a paper mill. 
 
406 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 through the mountains, for the prospective Los Angeles and Salt Lake rail- 
 road, and claimed that the grade would be only about 87 feet to the mile. 
 
 Hodgk's Trail. — See " Hodge's Peak," page 374. 
 
 IviNDA Vista Trail. — See Linda Vista peak, page 374. 
 
 Fremont's Trail (?) — In one of Prof. Holder's books, and several of 
 the Board of Trade pamphlets, "Fremont's trail" is mentioned as one of 
 the objects of historic interest. Yet Fremont never "trailed" within ten 
 miles of it. [See page 68 for points.] 
 
 Carson's Trail, or the Loris Gold Mine Trail. — During 1893-94 
 Messrs. E. V. Carson and Jesse Dickey were engaged in developing their 
 gold mining claims in Pine canyon, and made a pack trail up the west wall 
 of the canyon for transporting the ore down from their mines on mules or 
 burros, to the wagon road in the mouth of the canyon. See article on 
 "Gold Mines,' ' in Chapter 29. 
 
 RuBio Water Trail. — The Rubio Canyon Water Company has a trail 
 which starts at the foot of the east wall of the canyon, on Rubio farm, and 
 extends up the crest of the main ridge between Rubio and Pine canyons to 
 an elevation of over 3000 feet — then along the inner slope of the east wall 
 to some tunnels which the company has made in the waterbearing gulches 
 away in above the great Leontine Falls. For a romantic and interesting 
 mountain tramp this is not excelled. The Pine canyon gold mines can also 
 be reached by the same route. But the foot of this trail can only be reached 
 by crossing the private enclosures of Rubio farm. 
 
 JOHN MUIR'S mountain CLIMB IN PASADENALAND. 
 
 Well, who is John Muir? Why, he is the man who has climbed more 
 mountains, walked more miles, lain out more nights, and discovered more 
 glaciers than any other man known to histor5^ Glaciers was his hobby. 
 In Harper" s Monthly for November, 1875, he gives an account of the 
 " Living Glaciers of California "; and says he has discovered no less than 
 sixty-five of them in the Sierra Nevada mountains, between latitudes 36° 30' 
 and 39°, his first discovery being in October, 1871. These living glaciers 
 form the head fountains of the San Joaquin, the Tuolumne and the Owens 
 rivers. He was also the first explorer of the great Muir glacier of Alaska^ 
 which rightly bears his name. He was the editor of a notable art-work 
 published in 1888, entitled " Picturesque California, and the region West of 
 the Rocky Mountains from Mexico to Alaska." Also author of the "Moun- 
 tains of California," pubhshed by the Century Co., New York, 1894. 
 
 John Muir was a classmate with Dr. O. H. Conger in the State Uni- 
 versity at Madison, Wis., when Dr. Ezra S. Carr of Pasadena held the chair 
 of Natural Science in that noble institution. Dr. Conger settled in Pasadena 
 in 1874; and in the summer [August] of 1875 John Muir came to visit him 
 and renew old acquaintanceship. At that time no man had ever gone from 
 
DIVIvSION FIVE — NAMES. 407 
 
 Pasadena directly to the top of the mountains, and Muir made the venture 
 alone. Mrs. Conger baked three loaves of bread for him, and gave him 
 half a pound of tea, which he usually steeped by putting a little into a 
 bottle of cold water and laying the bottle on a rock in the warm sun- 
 shine. He carried no fire-arms, as he had conscientious scruples against 
 taking animal life, and hence used no meat food. With provisions and 
 blankets on his shoulder, he started, and was gone three days. When he 
 got back he was extremely hungry ; and Mrs. Conger writes : 
 
 " He said that in all his mountaineering he had never found any trip so 
 laboricms as that, on account of the very thick growth of underbrush ; and 
 he had never found a view so fine as that from the top of these mountains." 
 In another note Mrs. Conger adds this interesting item : "He brought me 
 some tiger lily bulbs from the mountains, and I planted them in my yard, 
 where they have blossomed every year since [19 years] ; and I have always 
 called them my 'John Muir lilies.' " 
 
 He made his trip to the mountains by way of Eaton canyon ; and in an 
 article on "The Bee Pastures of California " published in the Century Maga- 
 zine of July, 1882, he gives some account of this mountain climb. It is the 
 first report on record of any trip or exploration from Pasadena to our imme- 
 diate mountain summits, and hence I quote a few paragraphs. He took one 
 day in getting from Pasadena to the mouth of Eaton canyon — camped there 
 over night with a native Mexican woodchopper, and in the morning walked 
 up to the Falls — then hard climbing commenced. Of this Mr. Muir writes: 
 
 " From the base of the falls I followed the ridge that forms the western 
 rim of the Eaton basin to the summit of one of the principal peaks, which is 
 about 5,000 feet above the sea level.* Then, turning eastward, I crossed the 
 middle of the basin, f forcing a way over its many subordinate ridges and 
 across its eastern rim, having to contend almost everywhere with the flow- 
 eriest and most impenetrable growth of honey bushes I have ever encount- 
 *fered since first my mountaineering began. Most of the Shasta chaparral is 
 leafy nearly to the ground ; here the main stems are naked for three or four 
 feet, and interspiked with dead twigs, forming a stiff chevaux de frise through 
 which even bears make their way with difficulty, I was compelled to creep 
 for miles on all fours, and in following the bear-trails often found tufts of 
 hair on the bushes where they had forced themselves through. 
 
 " For a hundred feet or so above the fall the ascent was made possible 
 only by tough cushions of club-moss that clung to the rock. Above this, 
 the ridge weathers away to a thin knife-blade for a few hundred yards, 
 [Hence called " Muir's Knife- Blade Ridge." — Ed.] and thence to the sum- 
 mit of the range it carries a bristly mane of chaparral. Here and there 
 small openings occur in rocky places, commanding fine views across the 
 cultivated valley to the ocean. These I found by the tracks were favorite 
 outlooks and resting-places for the wild animals — bears, wolves, foxes, wild- 
 cats, etc. — which abound here, and would have to be taken into account in the 
 
 *This is the peak which ascends to a culminating suiutnit from Pine cauyon, Rubio canyon and 
 Castle canyon — and forms part of the west wallofKatou canyon and part of the south wall of Grand 
 Basin. It is " Muir's peak." See page 369. 
 
 ■j-This is the " Grand Basin " of the Mount I,owe literature. 
 
408 HISTORY OK PASADKNA. 
 
 establishment of bee ranches. In the deepest thickets I found wood-rat vil- 
 lages — groups of huts four to six feet high, built of sticks and leaves in 
 rough, tapering piles, like musk-rat cabins. I noticed a good many bees, 
 too most of them wild. The tame honey-bees .seemed languid and wing- 
 weary, as if the}^ had come all the way up from the flowerless plain. 
 
 " After reaching the summit I had time to make only a hasty surv^ey of 
 the ba.sin, now glowing in the sunset gold, l)efore hastening down into one 
 of the tributary can3'Ons in search of water. Emerging from a particularly 
 tedious breadth of chaparral, I found myself free and erect in a beautiful park- 
 like grove of live-oak, the ground planted with aspidiums and brier-roses, 
 while the glossy foliage made a close canopy overhead, leaving the gray 
 dividing trunks bare to show the beauty of their plain, interlacing arches.* 
 The l)ottom of the canyon was dry where I first reached it, but a bunch of 
 scarlet mimulus indicated water at no great distance, and I .soon discovered 
 about a bucketful in the hollow of the rock. This, however, was full of 
 dead bees, wasps, beetles and leaves, well steeped and simmered in the hot 
 sunshine, and would, therefore, require boiling and filtering through fresh 
 charcoal before it could be made available. Tracing the dry channel about 
 a mile further down to its junction with a larger tributary canyon, [the one 
 that flows from Mount I,owe down easterly through Grand Basin to a junc- 
 tion with Ivaton canyon.- Kd.] I at length discovered a lot of boulder pools, 
 clear as crystal, brimming full, and linked together Ijy glistening streamlets 
 just strong enough to sing audibly. Flowers in full bloom adorned their 
 margins, lilies ten feet high, larkspurs, columbines and luxuriant ferns, 
 leaning and overarching in lavish abundance, while a noble old live-oak 
 spread its rugged arms over all. Here I camped, making my bed on smooth 
 cobble-stones." 
 
 Judging from his account, and from what I know of the same mountain 
 region and its present local designations, I conclude that he went up across 
 Grand Ba.sin to Muir's Peak ; then down acro.ss the basin northwestwardly 
 to near where the head of Eaton canyon is lost in a pass or gap that leads 
 through to West San Gabriel canyon ; and crossing here ; he climbed up to 
 Precipicio Peak, and thence along to Knife-Blade Ridge ; but he evidentlj^ 
 had to descend before he reached Mount Wilson, on account of nightfall, and 
 came down somewhere in the trough of Henniger's Flat. 
 
 Dr. Carr had given college lectures on geology at Madison ; I heard 
 him myself on this theme in January, 1862, while I was there at the state 
 capital on some business connected with my army work as member for Wis- 
 consin of the United States vSanitary Commission ; and Mr. Muir, some time 
 after his Pasadena trip, told the Doctor that these were ''the 7vorst tumbled up 
 lot of viountains he had ever got into.''' This is accounted for by the fact that 
 these mountains were elevated by the crushing, jannning, mashing-together 
 process, from secular compression of the earth's crust, instead of from an 
 internal center of upheaval which produces the long, gradual incline and 
 anticline slopes of higher ranges farther inland. 
 
 In his book on "The Mountains of California," publi.shed by the Cen- 
 
 ♦This was in the upper portion of the land now known as " Henniger's Flat." 
 
DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 4O9 
 
 tury Co., New York, in 1894, John Muir re-tells the story of his climb in 
 Eaton canyon, but with some variations, and he now makes the grave mis- 
 take in geography of supposing this canyon to be in the foot-slopes of " Old 
 Baldy." On page 376 he says : 
 
 " The fall, the flowers, the bees, the ferny rocks, and leafy shade form- 
 ing a charming little poem of wildness, the last of a series extending down 
 the flowery slopes of Mount San Antonio [' Old Baldy '] through the rug- 
 ged, foam-beaten bosses of the main Eaton canyon." 
 
 Then again on page 380, he says : 
 
 "Next day, in the channel of a tributary that heads on Mount San 
 Antonio [ ?] I passed about fifteen or twenty gardens like the one in which I 
 slept "; etc. 
 
 As Mount vSan Antonio is about sixty miles away from Eaton canyon, 
 in another and entirely different range of mountains, this is a singular error ; 
 and I can onl}-- account for it by supposing that he mistook San Gabriel 
 peak, which does furnish a tributary to Eaton canyon, for Mount San An- 
 tonio. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^£'-y"'. , 
 
 Engineer Maoijheison. Prof. Lowe. E. J. Shrader, 
 
 from Baker Iron Works. 
 TOP OF ECHO MOUNTAIN, APRIL 12, 1892. 
 
 Breaking ground for the grade of the Great Incline, or Electric Cable Railroad. 
 
4IO HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 DIVISION SIX— BUSINESS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 Water Companies. — The colony's water supply. — Ditches, pipes, and reservoirs. — 
 The water war. — Water measurements and adjustments. — Votes and equities. — 
 Sketch of ten different water companies. 
 
 THE SAN GABRIEI, ORANGE GROVE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The original colony a.ssociation that settled Pasadena was in fact a 
 mutual land and water company, and the water interests, plans and pro.s- 
 pects claimed earnest attention from the beginning. When Calvin Fletcher, 
 A. O. Porter and Judge Eaton were appointed as an executive board for the 
 Association, they agreed that Fletcher .should take special charge of the 
 work of subdividing and platting the land ; Eaton should take special 
 charge of the water supply work; and Porter stood as coadjutor to both. 
 The Association was formally organized November 13, 1873 ; but it took 
 time to bring about all the requisite preliminaries for actual work, and it did 
 not have existence as a corporation under the laws of California until De- 
 cember 13, 1873, the date of its state certificate. Then on December 20, 
 they voted to authorize their proper officers to purchase tracts One, Two^ 
 Three, F'our, of Rancho vSan Pasqual, from John S. GiiiTin. The As.socia- 
 tion office was then at No. 32 Main street, Los Angeles. [For particulars 
 of the purcha.se, the incidental difficulties, etc., see pages 78 to 80, 107-08, 
 124, etc.] 
 
 The first transaction I found recorded in regard to the water business 
 was Jantiary 17, 1874, when Miles & Holbrook of Eos Angeles offered the 
 lowest bid to make and lay for the Association an 11 -inch water pipe, from 
 Devil's Gate to the reservoir on Orange Grove Avenue; and Eaton, Porter 
 and Gibson were authorized to make the contract. Reservations had been 
 made of reservoir sites at five different points, but this on Orange Grove 
 Avenue was the main one. On February 4th B. S. Easton was formally 
 appointed as superintendent of construction of bed or ditch for the water 
 pipe, and he went on with the work. Meanwhile the .settlers themselves 
 did .some work toward excavating for the reservoir. On May 4th a bill of 
 $585.47 "for work done on the reservoir and water pipe " was ordered paid. 
 But the early records are very meager and incomplete with regard to the 
 Association's business transactions. On May 23d I found this record : 
 "The charge of the reservoir till further action of the l)oard, was confided 
 to the care of Judge I^aton." 
 
 On March 20th A. O. Bristol and Calvin F'letcher had resigned from the 
 board of directors, and Col. J. Banbury and N. R. Gibson were elected in 
 their steads. Then on June 27th Col. Banbury was appointed on the water 
 

 -Wallace's Cannery. 
 
 - Southern Pacific R. 
 
 - Linda Vista Bridge, 
 -The Scoville Bridge. 
 
 - The Columbia School. 
 -The Painter Hotel. 
 
 - The Washington School. 
 -Las Flores Canyon. 
 
 - Altadena. 
 -Rubio Canyon. 
 
 -Washington Heights [Monks Hill]. 
 
 - Mount Lowe Observatorj". 
 -The Franklin School. 
 
 - Free Methodist Church. 
 
 -Throop Polytechnic Institute. West Hall 
 -Cbrisliau Church. 
 
 - Baptist Church. 
 
 - Los Angeles House. 
 
 - First National Bank Block 
 
 - Los Angeles Terminal R. R. Depot. 
 -Congregational Church. 
 
 -The Garfield School. 
 -Catholic Church and School. 
 
 - Hotel Green. 
 
 - Wooster Block. 
 -Santa Fe R. R. Depot. 
 -Pasadena Manufacturing Co.'s Plant 
 -Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 -The Tabernacle. 
 
 -Presbyterian Church. 
 -Spalding's Family Hotel. 
 -Carlton Hotel. 
 
 3.1— San Gabriel Valley Bank. 
 
 34 -Crown Villa Hotel. 
 
 35 — Public Library. 
 
 36 — Universalist Church. 
 
 37— Wood & Church's Office ( Masonic Temple). 
 
 38— German M. E. Church. 
 
 39 — The Lincoln School. 
 
 40— The Wilson High School. 
 
 41 — Episcopal Church. 
 
 42 — Grand Opera House. 
 
 43— Electric Light Works. 
 
 44 — Echo Mountain House. 
 
 45 — Prof. Lowe's City Gas Works. 
 
 46— Santa Fe R. R. Freight Depot. 
 
 47 — Calvary Presbyterian Church. 
 
 48 — Cannery and Crystaliziug Works. 
 
 California Commercial Co.'s Wareli 
 Raymond Depot, Santa Fe Route- 
 Raymond Depot, Las A. Terminal R. R 
 Raymond Hotel. 
 The Grant School. 
 Fair Oaks Staiiou, Santa Fe Line. 
 Lamanda Park School. 
 Episcopal Church. I^manda Park. 
 Eaton Canyon. 
 Sierra Madre Villa (Hotel). 
 Village of Sierra Madre. 
 
 Mt. Lowe Electric Power H« 
 
 - Las Casitas. 
 
 - Millard Canyon. 
 -Brown's Peak. 
 
 - Mount Disappointment. 
 
 A Hade 
 
 - Gidduigs Peak [I-cho Pinecrcst]. 
 ^San Gabriel Peak. 
 
 -Ca-stle Canyon. 
 
 - Echo Canyon. 
 
 - Leontine Falls. 
 _ Pine Canyon. 
 ^John Muir's Peak. 
 
 - Precipicio Peak. 
 
 - Han,-ard Telescope Point. 
 
 - Mount Har\'ard Promontory. 
 
 - Pyramid Peak. 
 -Santa Anita Canyon. 
 
 - San Gabriel Canyon. 
 
 - Henniger's Flat. 
 
 Mount WiLson Toll Road. [and car Houses. 
 
 _ Pasadena and I<os Angeles Eleclric R. R. Power 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 4II 
 
 committee, vice Gibson, absent. On July 13th the directors held a meeting 
 at the sand-box [Devil's Gate] ; and from this time onward their meetings 
 were held in the colony [at the Secretary's house] instead of at I^os Angeles. 
 On August 8th Col. Banbury was appointed to take charge of water distri- 
 bution and issue the permits. And he was thus the first Zanjero of Pasa- 
 dena. 
 
 September 12, 1874, mention is made of the lime kiln, and of Banbury 
 and Croft as a committee to look after it ; but no further particulars. Then 
 on October 3d it is mentioned that Eaton and Clapp were authorized to em- 
 ploy a man to chop wood for burning two kilns of lime. [This lime kiln 
 and lime quarry were right where the Lincoln Park reservoir is now, in 
 South Pasadena ; and the lime was wanted for cementing the Orange Grove 
 reservoir, and making cement pipe, etc. — Ed.] On November 7th occurs 
 the first mention of Charles Morgan & Co. [of L,os Angeles] as the con- 
 tractors for excavating the reservoir, although, as I learn from other sources, 
 they had been at work on it from March ; and water was let into one basin 
 of the reservoir, not 3'et cemented, about the first of July. 
 
 On November 12, 1874, occurred the first annual meeting of the Associa- 
 tion. The treasurer reported $2,862.63 on hand. The Superintendent of 
 water works reported the cost and capacity of the system ; but no further 
 particulars appear in the record. It is strangely deficient. The vote on 
 board of directors for ensuing year is recorded thus : For Eaton, 152 shares 
 voted; Berry, 136; Croft, 150; Porter, 152; Banljury, 138; Gibson, 146; 
 Dr. O. H. Conger, 78. The secretary reported having filed a claim to water 
 in Millard canyon. [This was to supply their body of land now known as 
 Altadena, which then had no water right. And this reported filing seems 
 to have failed to stick, for they finally sold the land without any water right 
 attached. — Ed.] 
 
 The colony's water service went on without any particular difficulty 
 from year to year, and was finally turned over to their first-born heir and 
 successor, the Pasadena Eand and Water Company. 
 
 The families that came here to live before the water pipe was laid to the 
 reservoir had to haul water from the Arroyo, except Bristol ; he got permis- 
 sion from B. D. Wilson to tap the old Wilson ditch where it came out on 
 the mesa, and from there he made a plow-furrow ditch down to his place, 
 to serve until the colony pipe was laid. This special advantage seems to 
 have determined Bristol's choice of his colony lot. 
 
 THE PASADENA LAND AND WATER CO. 
 
 This company was the successor of the original San Gabriel Orange 
 Grove Association ; and the beginnings or forecast of it is indicated in a let- 
 ter written by D. M. Graham to the Riverside Press July 13, 1880, thus : 
 
 "An association of fifteen of the laud owners on the "Indiana " side 
 
412 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 of the settlement are making preparations to pump Sheep Corral spring 
 water for their own use until the colon}' is ready to pay them for their works 
 and take the water with the works. This will give the fifteen a superabun- 
 dance of water, and give the rest of the colonists the water the fifteen now 
 use, which is nearly half tlie present developed supply. This is hailed with 
 delight as the solution of the problem of further water development which 
 has frequently agitated us." 
 
 But the new company was not incorporated until March i8, 1882, ac- 
 cording to the county records. And the first record I found of a meeting 
 was on April 21, 1882. The following names were then given as share- 
 holders in the new company : 
 
 NAME SHARES. NAME. SHARES. 
 
 E. F. Graves i 
 
 E. F. Hurlbut 2 
 
 F. E. Chapman 4 
 
 Mrs. M. A. Risley i 
 
 W. J. Bennett 1^2, 
 
 H. N. Rust 4 
 
 E. H. Eockwood I 
 
 John Ross 2 
 
 Geo. Lightfoot 3 
 
 O. R. Dougherty 6 
 
 A. F. Mills I 
 
 W. T. Clapp 3 
 
 F. A Clapp I 
 
 H. H. Markham 3 
 
 Mrs. R. C. Eocke 4 
 
 H. E. Bryant i 
 
 J. S. Mills I 
 
 A. O. Bristol 2 
 
 James Smith 7 
 
 H. J. Holmes 3 
 
 W. J. F. Barcus i 
 
 Mrs. Mary S. Mosher 2 
 
 Elisha Millard i 
 
 E. A. Steele i 
 
 Alex. Edwards i 
 
 J. H. Ellis I 
 
 J. H. Lowell I 
 
 W. H. Childs y2 
 
 James Cambell 4^ 
 
 Mrs. E. Gilmore 4 
 
 The first board of directors were O. R. Dougherty, P. M. Green, S. 
 Washburn, H. G. Bennett, A. O. Porter, C. H. Watts, and E. Turner. 
 The first officers were: Dougherty, pres't ; Green, vice pres't ; Bennett, 
 sec'y ; Washburn, treas.; A. K. M'Quilling, zanjero [superintendent]. 
 
 This water company being composed entirely of members of the colony 
 association (and its ofTicers the same), worked in harmony with it. The 
 colony association had been incorporated November 13, 1873, for a term of 
 
 S. Washburn 2 
 
 O. H. Conger 2 
 
 Jeanne C. Carr 6 
 
 W. C. Eukeus t>^ 
 
 Mrs. M. S. Hill 4 
 
 Chas. R. Foote 2 
 
 W. G. Watson i 
 
 B. Tallmadge i 
 
 M. H. & C. L. Foote i>4 
 
 A. K. M'Quilling iX^ 
 
 C. H. Watts 5 
 
 W. S. Hanaford i 
 
 Joseph Wallace 4 
 
 J. H. Baker 2 
 
 B. F. Ball •• 2 
 
 B. S. Eaton 2 
 
 P. M. Green 6;K' 
 
 A. O. Porter 4 
 
 F. S. Clapp 3 
 
 Thos. Nelmes 4 
 
 Mrs. E. A. Croft 4 
 
 S. B. Hunt 3 
 
 EHzabeth Whittier ;j 
 
 Edson Turner 2 
 
 H. G. Bennett 3/^ 
 
 W. T. Holmes i 
 
 D. M. &M. C. Grahkm 2 
 
 F. W. Greene 2 
 
 J . Weingarth 3 
 
 Geo. Weingarth 2 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 413 
 
 ten years ; hence it was necessary to form this permanent company within the 
 colony, to attend to the very important business of the water supply after 
 the original incorporation should expire ; and thus it came into its heritage 
 and managed the water service some months before the property was form- 
 ally conveyed to them. They fixed their capital stock at $50,000, in 200 
 shares of $250 each. 
 
 At a meeting of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, October 27, 
 1883, a resolution was adopted to convey ior one dollar in gold coifi, all its 
 water interests to the Pasadena I^aud and Water Co. The items of property 
 conveyed are described in full length of legal technicalities and details, from 
 which I here summarize a few points of historic interest : 
 Arroyo lots 33 and 49. [Springy land.] 
 Reservation known as "Church Hill." [Columbia Hill.] 
 Reservations located on the Holmes tract, the lyockhart tract, and the 
 
 Croft tract. 
 Undivided half ot Thibbets' springs, etc. 
 The Sheep-Corral springs, and the reserved lands and waters in the Arroyo 
 
 bed ; also the pumping works, pipes, reservoirs, etc. 
 Its interest in the Elliott & Richardson tract ; and in lot No. 2 of L,a 
 
 Canyada ; and an undivided three-tenths interest in sundry other lands 
 
 and water rights. 
 All other rights, interests, properties and obligations of the San Gabriel 
 
 Orange Grove Association. 
 
 O. R. Dougherty as president, and H. G. Bennett as secretary, were 
 empowered and directed to execute this conveyance in due form of law. 
 And thereupon the old colony association cea.sed to exist as a corporate body. 
 
 Mr. Dougherty served the new company as president continuously 
 until April, 1891, when he was succeeded by Mr. McQuilling, who had 
 served five years as superintendent. Mr. Bennett had served as secretary 
 of the colony association three years, and has been secretary of this water 
 company continuously from its organization until now — 1895. 
 
 As population increased it was found necessary to divide up the water 
 shares into smaller values, in order to provide for a mere " domestic water 
 service " to families owning only a village lot. And to meet this rapidly 
 growing need, the company voted on November 16, 1885, to increase their 
 capital stock up to $75,000, and make the shares number 3,000 instead of 200, 
 and at $25 instead of $250 each. This was preparing for the "boom." 
 During 1885-86 occurred the " water war," — but as it was chiefly confined 
 to the L,ake Vineyard side of the colony, I have given its chief historic 
 points in my sketch of the Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water Co. 
 However, as an incident connected with the controversies of that time, I 
 quote the following historic document : 
 
 WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 A. K. McQuiLLiNG, Esq. — My Dear Sir : After carefully going over 
 the calculations from the measurements of the water supply of the Pasadena 
 
414 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Water Company, taken yesterday by me, with your kind assistance, I find 
 the results to be as follows : 
 
 MINER'S INCHES. 
 
 The total flow from Thibbets springs 56, 6 
 
 Of which there passes into the Pasadena Water Company's pipe 34.0 
 
 Remainder flowing to the Pasadena Lake Vineyard Water Co.'s dam ....22.6 
 
 Including 2.2 seepage : 
 
 The flow of the Ivy springs, passing down to the P. L. V.'s dam 10.9 
 
 Total flow of the Flutterwheel springs 26.5 
 
 Recapitulating, the aggregate shows as follows : 
 
 Thibbets springs 56.6 
 
 Ivy springs 10.9 
 
 Flutterwheel springs 26.5 
 
 Total 94-0 
 
 Of which the Pasadena Water Company receives 34 miner's inches, and the 
 Pasadena Lake Vineyard Water Company 60 miner's inches. (A miner's 
 inch equals 1-50 cubic foot per second, or 1728 cubic feet, or 13,000 gallons 
 in 24 hours.) 
 
 As I understand the respective rights of the two companies to the 
 various .springs, the Pasadena Water Company is entitled to 11-20 of the 
 Thibbets springs, and i-io of the Ivy and Flutterwheel springs. Applying 
 these proportions to the above figures of volume now flowing, the Pasadena 
 Water Company would be entitled to 34- 89 miner's inches. As we have 
 seen, according to the present mode of division, this company is actually 
 receiving 34 miner's inches, which may be considered very close to the 
 mark, taking the many complications into consideration, and reflects much 
 credit upon the zanjero who arranged the device for dividing the water so 
 evenly. 
 
 I think a tunnel properly located will develop and concentrate all the 
 water in the vicinity of the Devil's Gate, and I should be greatly deceived 
 if it did not double the volume now flowing. The advantage it would pos- 
 sess over all other methods of diversion of water would be its permanence, 
 and the fact that floods would not affect the quality nor interrupt the flow 
 of the water, which would enter the pipes free from sand, leaves, insects, 
 or any impurity. 
 
 James D. Schuyler, Asst. State Engineer. 
 
 Los AN(iELES, November 4, 1886. 
 
 During 1887 88, the two companies finally agreed upon terms of owner- 
 ship and division of the waters at Devil's Gate, and made extensive im- 
 provements, including a large union delivery pipe from the Gate down to 
 Reservoir No. i, in place of the old " Wilson ditch " which had before sup- 
 plied the Lake Vineyard side, while the Orange Grove side had an ii-inch 
 sheet iron pipe ot their own from Thibbets springs to the Orange Grove 
 reservoir. On November 9, 1888, water was first run through this union 
 pipe to Reservoir No. i. Here it was divided in proportion of 7-10 to the 
 Orange Grove Company, and 3-10 to the Lake Vineyard Company, by a 
 simple device arranged by the engineer. Col. J. E. Place. It was a brass 
 double gate perforated with 4-inch holes — seven in a row in one gate and 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 415 
 
 three in a row in the other. The friction, the pressure, and the water level 
 are equal, through each perforation, and thus the flowage through each is 
 equal, and divides the waters in proper proportion to each company con- 
 tinuously, whatever the amount of the main supply may be. 
 
 January 22, 1891, the company voted to borrow $50,000 to carry on 
 some necessary improvements, and accordingly issued its bonds at 7 per 
 cent, per annum, interest payable semi-annually. This money was used 
 towards tunneling and piping at Devil's Gate ; enlarging and cementing the 
 Orange Grove reservoir ; laying a large new main down Orange Grove 
 Avenue, and a new 11 -inch steel pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir ; put- 
 ting in a new pumping plant at Sheep Corral springs ; building a sub- 
 merged dam there ; extending and improving their pipelines; etc. Concern- 
 ing some of these matters I have gleaned a few points and dates. The Star 
 of August 26, 1891, said: 
 
 "City Engineer J. W. Sedwick has prepared drawings and specifications 
 for the work proposed to be done near Devil's Gate by the two water com- 
 panies for increasing the flow of water from the vicinity of Flutterwheel 
 springs down to the sand-box. It involves the laying of about 500 feet of 
 22-inch steel pipe, 350 feet of which will be laid in a 4x6 tunnel under the 
 hill. It is estimated that the work will cost about $2,500." 
 
 The same paper of September 2 said: 
 
 " At a meeting of the executive committee of the Pasadena Land and 
 Water Company, held yesterday, the contract for laying 2, 100 feet of ii-inch 
 steel pipe, to replace the cement pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir, was 
 let to E. White, Sous & Co." 
 
 And September 14 it said: 
 
 "Contracts were signed today by the officers of the Lake Vineyard and 
 the Pasadena Land and Water Companies and Carmichael, Reed & Gillead, 
 for the work of tunneling at Devil's Gate." 
 
 From a report of expenditures in 1893 I quote these items: Income: 
 bonds sold, $27,000; water dues, all classes, total, $13,553.93. Expendi- 
 tures — Orange Grove reservoir, $5,132.35; pump, boiler and oil plant, 
 $7,356-50; work at Devil's Gate, $1,811.59; work at sheep corral springs, 
 $5,215.75 ; fuel, $1,956.59. These are the items of special historic interest. 
 But the total income for this year was $41,774.07 ; and total outlay, $38,- 
 
 482.53- 
 
 It was in May, 1892, that an oil cistern was built under the Los Angeles 
 Terminal railroad, a few rods north of the North Orange Grove Avenue cros- 
 sing, and an oil pipe laid from there to the pumping works, so as to use crude 
 petroleum instead of coal for fuel. And it was in 1892-3 that the submerged 
 dam was built, 22 feet from its top down to bed rock at deepest point. [Find 
 full account of this dam in Daily Star, December 19, 1892.] 
 
 In 1894 the pumps were started April 18, and run 13 hours per day, 
 making 212 strokes per minute, and lifting 60,000 gallons of water per hour, 
 
4t6 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 with a dead pressure resistance on the up-pipe to the reservoir of about 65 
 pounds per square inch. The apparatus is Worthington's compound duplex 
 condensing steam pump. These data I gathered from C. H. Hovey, the 
 engineer in charge of these works in 1894 5. 
 
 The IVcck/j Siaroi August 8, 1894, gives an estimate by Thomas D. 
 AUin, civil engineer of the two water companies, that the daily flowage at 
 Devil's Gate was about 225 miner's inches, or about two and a half million 
 gallons per day on April i, 1894. But the dry season, by July 15, had reduced 
 the flow to 179 inches; and there was no perceptible diminution after that 
 
 date. 
 
 Water Rates.— Secretary Bennett, in an article published March 4, 
 
 1895, said : 
 
 "We have upon our books the names of 750 householders, and of this 
 number 550 pay a monthly rate of $1.25 to $1.60 inclusive; 100 pay $1.65 
 to $2 inclusive, and 100 pay over $2. These are the rates for eight months 
 of the year. During the four hot summer months, July, August, Septem- 
 ber and October, an additional charge is made for lawn .sprinkling, as fol- 
 lows : All lawns 20x30 feet, or containing 600 square feet, are exempt; 
 lawns exceeding 600 square feet, and up to 5000 square feet, are charged 25 
 cents per 1000 square feet; 5000, and above 5000 square feet, 15 cents 
 per 1000. statistical exhibit. 
 
 The following table was compiled expres.sly for this work by Secretary 
 H. G. Bennett, at my request, to show the historic progress year by year of 
 the business of this company, whose territory was entirely west of Fair 
 Oaks and I^incoln Avenues, but included South Pasadena also : 
 
 Year. 
 
 Income. 
 
 Expenditures. 
 
 1882-'^ 
 
 $14,842* 
 17,466 
 7,071 
 5.150 
 20,902 
 29,588 
 26,565 
 
 $14,557 
 
 16,655 
 
 6,817 
 
 4.987 
 12,401 
 
 1883-4 
 
 1884-5 
 
 1885-6 
 
 1886-7 
 
 1887-8 
 
 27.355 
 26,368 
 
 1888-9 
 
 
 1889-90. 
 1890-91. 
 1891-92. 
 
 1892-93. 
 1893-94. 
 1894-95. 
 
 Income. lExpenditures. 
 
 Sii,i99 ! 
 10,742 
 
 32,563+ ! 
 41,774 I 
 18,627 I 
 
 I7.5i4§l 
 
 $10,685 
 
 10,073 
 
 32,014 
 
 38,483 
 12,706 
 
 15.412 
 
 The company now has 10 miles of water pipe in use. The total value 
 of its water rights, lands, tunnels, dams, pipes, pumping works, reservoirs, 
 etc., is $250,000. Bonded debt, $50,000. Up to April, 1895, it had issued 
 S25 water permits. The permanent employees are (inly three : Secretary at 
 office ; superintendent on pipelines ; watchman at water sources. A steam 
 engineer has to be employed to run the i)umping works during the dry 
 months. pasadkna i.akk vineyard land and water co. 
 
 vSee page 112, and following, for an account of the second subdivision 
 of colony lands in Pasadena, which was made by B. D. Wilson in 1S86, 
 under the name of " Lake Vineyard Land and Water A.ssociation." 
 
 * Assessments .Tuti water dues. } Bonds and walir dues, j; Water dues only. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 417 
 
 In a few years it became desirable or necessary to put the management 
 of the colony's water business into the hands of business men on the 
 ground ; and on July 11, 1883, a deed was made by the original I^ake Vine- 
 yard Co. and the Orange Grove Co. to A. O. Porter and others as a syndi- 
 cate. January 29, 1884, the people on the Lake Vineyard side formed a new 
 organization under the name of ' ' Pasadena lyake Vineyard Land and Water 
 Co.," with $75,000 subscribed, and on February 5 filed their articles of in- 
 corporation with the county clerk. Capital stock, $250,000, in 5,000 shares 
 of $50 each. The incorporators and first board of directors were S. Town- 
 send, C. C. Thompson, C. C. Brown, Samuel Stratton, G. T. Stamm, C. A. 
 Clark, J. W. Wood. Townsend was elected president, Brown, treasurer, 
 and H. W. Magee, secretary. There were now three different water com- 
 panies besides " the syndicate " doing business in Pasadena, and the "water 
 question " became a strangely mixed muddle of confusion. The Union of 
 March 15, 1884, said : " About 250 feet of the main ditch [cement] on the 
 Lake Vineyard Co.'s lands were washed out by the late storm. A wooden 
 flume is being put in ; and an assessment of 45 cents per share has been 
 levied to repair damages. ' ' 
 
 April 26, 1884, the Union mentioned that "over 3,000 shares of the 
 P. L. V. L. and W. Co.'s stock had been subscribed, or about $150,000." 
 Yet the same paper of September 6 said complainingly : "Six months 
 have elapsed since the new company was chartered, yet only about half the 
 old company stockholders have attended to changing their stock." 
 
 In the Union of September 27, 1884, three members of the syndicate, 
 H. W. Magee, Geo. E. Meharry, and James Clarke, offered to sell to the 
 new company their holdings in the L. V. Association at a pro rata on $5,000 
 for the entire property — springs, flumes, ditches, pipes, reservoirs, etc. 
 And accordingly the Unio7i of December 20, 1884, contained an official 
 notice that an election would be held by the new company on January 10, 
 1885, to accept or reject this proposition from these men, and from any other 
 holders of the old stock who might offer it on the same terms before the day 
 of this election. The paper of same date contained also two other notices 
 by the new company — one of an assessment of twelve cents per share to 
 pay debts necessarily incurred, amounting to $351.75 ; and one for an elec- 
 tion of a new board of directors on January 26, 1885, to serve one year 
 from February 4. The election of January 10, on the syndicate proposition, 
 resulted in 1166 shares voted for accepting it, and 135 shares against. 
 
 But this vote did not seem to settle anything ; and for some months 
 following there was warm discussion, sometimes even acrimonious, through 
 the newspaper by a variety of water doctors, each making his own diagnosis 
 of the colony's water ailments, and prescribing his own infallible cure-all. 
 The two principal companies were designated as "west-side" and "east- 
 side"; they owned certain water-bearing lands or springs in common, with 
 
 27 
 
4l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 different proportions of water right. The titles and boundaries, and the 
 methods of gathering and dividing the waters were all somewhat vague, 
 giving rise to disputes, and at last to costly and fruitless lawsuits — in fact, 
 a hot dispute once occurred near Devil's Gate, when shotguns were bran- 
 dished, and threats of "ducking" in the ditch, etc., were indulged in. And 
 these doughty belligerents still survive, as veterans of the "water war." 
 The Union of July 17, 1885, contained a brief report of a mass meeting 
 held in Williams hall on the 13th, at which Geo. E. Meharry presided, 
 Chas. A. Gardner served as secretary, and C. C. Brown was the principal 
 speaker — all on the " water question." The same date of paper also had a 
 report of a general public picnic held at Devil's Gate on the 15th for speech 
 making, questioning, discussion, and investigation of the "water question" 
 under the auspices of this new company, of which C. C. Brown was then 
 president.* And the same paper also contained the following announce- 
 ment : 
 
 "A public meeting of the citizens of Pasadena in the interest of a 
 peaceful settlement of the water question is called for Saturday evening, 
 July 18, at Williams Hall. Let all who desire a peaceful settlement of our 
 unfortunate difficulties be present and lend their influence to that laudable 
 end. Signed 
 
 " J. Banbury. S. Townsend. B. F. Bryant. 
 
 R. Williams. H. W. Magee. A. A. Williamson. 
 
 Albert Ninde. J. E. Clarke. D. M. Graham. 
 
 S. D. Bryant. Ridgway & Ripley. H. H. Markham. 
 M. M. Parker. Chas. Eegge. P. M. Green. " 
 
 Lyman Allen. 
 These are historic waymarks on the road through the colony wilderness 
 up to the goodly land of promise, as we now have it. The next issue of the 
 paper reported that the "peace " meeting was held on Monday instead of 
 Saturday ; and it resulted in a formal request for a joint committee : 
 
 From the Pasadena L. V. Land and Water Co 4 
 
 From the Lake V. Land and Water Association i 
 
 From the Pasadena Land and Water Co 3 
 
 To confer together, and devise and recommend some plan or terms of settle- 
 ment of the existing difficulties. 
 
 This movement, however, produced no visible results, for the new 
 company had a family skeleton in their own closet. Their vote on the syndi" 
 cate proposition, January loth, was for some reason not satisfactory' ; and in 
 October it was tried again on the same proposition, the names of H. F. 
 Goodwin and O. S. Picher ])eing added to those of Magee, Meharry and 
 Clarke. The result was reported in the Utiioti of October 9, 1SS5, thus : 
 
 "The election held Saturday [October 3, 1885], by stockholders of the 
 Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company to decide upon buying 
 
 ♦I attended this picnic; and it was then that I first noticed and called attention of friends to the pecu- 
 liarly niarkc<l rocks there, which I have since identified and described as "slickensides," " glacial enaiu- 
 elings," and " water carvings." 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 419 
 
 out the syndicate resulted in almost a unanimous vote for the measure — 
 1,677.12 shares being voted for it, and 291.78 against." 
 
 Yet even this did not end the trouble, for the controversy still went on 
 by tongue, and through the press. And the Union of October i6th con- 
 tained official notice that on October lo, 1885, the directors had ordered an 
 assessment of 45 cents per share on the stock, payable on or before Novem- 
 ber 12th, to purchase the interest of John Allin, O. S. Picher and H. F. 
 Goodwin in the syndicate lands — the amount being $312.50 for each in- 
 terest ; also to pay $337.65 of debts legally incurred by the company. This 
 was called "Assessment No. 3." I suppose the 12 cents levy was No. i ; 
 and I did not find No. 2. 
 
 On January 23, 1886, another mass meeting was held in Williams Hall, 
 of which the Union [29th] said : " The water meeting Saturday evening 
 was a large and exciting one.'' Abbot Kinney presided. C. T. Hopkins 
 and C. C. Brown locked horns on the matters in controversy, and were the 
 principal speakers. But short speeches were also made by C. C. Thompson, 
 Dr. layman Allen, S. Washburn, O. S. Picher, Samuel Stratton, H. W. 
 Magee, Geo. E. Meharry, and some others — all boiling hot on the "water 
 question." On the ensuing Monday another election took place ; and as to 
 its points, purposes, and results, I quote from the Union of January 29, 
 1886, the following : 
 
 " The water election Monday, January 25th, was the great event of the 
 winter, and drew out an immense amount of interest on both sides. These 
 sides may be designated as the old board of directors, and the opposition 
 thereto, the latter indicating a difference of opinion with said old board as to 
 management of the Company. The friends of the old board put in nomina- 
 tion C. C. Brown, M. H. Weight, A. V. Dunsmore and W. Freeman. The 
 opposition thereto named S. Townsend, Justus Brockway, H. F. Goodwin, 
 Thomas Banbury and R. Williams. Mr. Townsend however, withdrew 
 early in the fight, leaving the ticket, like the other with only four, and these 
 prevailed over the old board by a total vote of 7,138 shares to 4,830 shares. 
 The amount of stock voted was 3,010 shares, indicating a most creditable 
 interest in the affairs of the Company, for only about 3,300 shares have been 
 issued. Each stockholder, of course, voted according to the number of his 
 shares. These shares he might divide among different candidates, or con- 
 centrate all on a lesser number — even down to one. It thus follows that 
 the vote is presented in two different ways — first as indicating the number of 
 shares voted for each, and second, as showing the number of votes each 
 received by this cumulative process. Taken on the first basis — that of 
 shares, the vote was as follows : 
 
 BY SHARES. BY VOTES. 
 
 Brockway 1,625 5-7 Brockway 2,845 
 
 Goodwin 1,742 2-7 Goodwin 3,049 
 
 Banbury 1,675 1-7 Banbury 2,932 
 
 Williams 1,631 3-7 Williams 2,855 
 
 Brown 2,0644-7 Brown 3,613 
 
 Weight 952 4-7 .Weight 1,667 
 
 Dunsmore 886 2-7 Dunsmore i,55i 
 
 Freeman 926 6-7 Freeman 1,622 
 
 Townsend 464 
 
420 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 "The elect therefore are Messrs. Justus Brockway, H. F. Goodwin, 
 Thomas Banbury, R. Williams, C. C. Brown, M. H. Weight, and W. Free- 
 man, the term of which new board is for one year from February 4th. The 
 proposed amendment to the By-Laws was defeated. 
 
 "The result of this, of course, is a change in the policy of the Com- 
 pany, the only point at issue in the election being a difference of opinion as 
 to the wisdom of settling certain unsettled points between this and the old 
 "Orange Grove" Company on terms proposed by the latter. The old 
 board have held those terms to be unjust and have steadily declined a settle- 
 ment on that basis. Many of the stock-holders differed with them in opin- 
 ion, and it was on this difference of opinion that the opposition ticket was 
 nominated and elected. A settlement oi the long-vexed " water question " 
 may therefore be expected at once, and to that end one of the first acts of 
 the new board will be to submit the question to a vote of the stock holders. " 
 
 The question was so submitted again on May 4th, 1886, and here is the 
 Union' s report : 
 
 THE WATER QUESTION SETTLED. 
 
 "Tuesday's vote gave the following result : 
 
 No. of persons voting for the proposition 1 36 
 
 No. against 28 
 
 Majority by persons 168 
 
 Or nearly five to one. 
 
 No. of .shares voted for the proposition 1,855.78 
 
 No. against 725.31 
 
 Majority by shares 1,130.47 
 
 Or about two and a half to one. 
 
 "It is a grand result for every future interest of the colony ; and let it 
 go abroad to all the world, with no uncertain .sound, that Pasadena no 
 longer has a " water ([uestion." That has been settled at once and forever, 
 in the genuine American way, by the free and voluntary suffrages of those 
 who were lawful voters in the case." 
 
 January i, 1889, the lands, reservoirs, pipes, etc., of this company were 
 valued at $154,403.26; and during that year new pipes were laid to the 
 amount of $9,577.88. 
 
 During the year 1892, the company expended $50,112.22 in tunneling, 
 reservoiring, pipelaying, etc. Two miles of 4-inch pipe was laid from Res- 
 ervoir No. I direct to the Raymond hotel, for special use of the hotel and 
 its grounds. During this year and 1S93, the old colony rnudhole known as 
 Re.servoir No. 2 was deepened, its earth walls raised and strengthened, the 
 entire inside cemented, and 5,000 feet of 16-inch steel pipe laid from Reser- 
 voir No. I as the feed-pipe to No. 2. Its .storage caj^acity is 21,000,000 
 gallons— the largest cemented reservoir in South California at the time. 
 And Villa .street was opened straight across the lower end of the old re.ser- 
 voir site, instead of circling around it as before. It was during the.se years 
 that the extensive tunneling operations were carried on at Devil's Gate to 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 42 1 
 
 increase the quantity and improve the quahty of the city's water supply. 
 The secretary reported in 1893, twenty-four official meetings of the directors ; 
 146 permits issued ; and 288 transfers of stock. 
 
 During 1894, this company paid $4,550 toward the purchase of water 
 bearing lands known as the Elliott & Richardson tract, to gain entire con- 
 trol of both the land and the water jointly with the other company, and put 
 a stop to any further disputes or legal difficulties about it. The two com- 
 panies joined in this purchase, and then worked together in tunneling for 
 more water at these Richardson springs, and also at the Wilson springs 
 about one-eighth mile farther south. Contracts were let to G. D. McGillard 
 and D. F. Carmichael. And the secretary's annual report on these tunnel- 
 ings presents a few points as to water-supply, water measurement, etc., 
 which are of permanent historic interest, and I quote his language : 
 
 " Both tunnels are being pro.secuted at the same time, with the result at 
 the close of 1894 in a gain of 99 miners' inches,* which, with the former flow 
 from the Flutterwheel springs tunnel, the Ivy and Thibbets springs, viz., 
 178 miner's inches, makes a total of 277 miner's inches — 7-10 of that amount 
 as our proportion, being equal to 2,512,944 gallons per day, a sufficient 
 amount to supply a population of 6,000 persons or 1,200 families with 418 
 gallons per capita per da3^ Statistics from other cities show that in 1894, 
 Philadelphia used 160 gallons per capita per day, Chicago 150, New York 
 95 and Boston 90." 
 
 During 1894 the company's revenue from all sources was $8,000 more 
 than in 1893 ; its sale of water alone amounted to $3,683.09 ; and it reduced 
 its indebtedness by $11,500. 
 
 C. C. Brown has been a member of the board of directors of this com- 
 pany continuously from its first organization in 1884 — the only man enjoy- 
 ing this distinction, and he is thus the veteran survivor of " many wars." 
 The successive secretaries of the company have been H. W. Magee, J. W. 
 Wood, C. A. Sawtelle, R. Williams, E. E. Fordham— and lastly John Hab- 
 bick continuously since July, 1887. Albert H. Ninde has been inspector 
 (or zanjero as the Spaniards called it) continuously from 1884 until 1895. 
 
 On account of bickerings and strifes, differences of opinion, legal con- 
 tests, charter rules and limitations not adapted to the practical necessities of 
 the situation, and lack of funds to pay for proper clerical work, the books 
 and records of the first four years are very incomplete. From the records as 
 they are, and other sources, I have compiled the following table in chrono- 
 logical order : 
 
 *A miner's inch, Pasadena measure, is thus officially explained by the company: "An inch of 
 water that is equal to 17,000 gallons of water every 24 hours, or about 100 pounds per minute, is the 
 amount of water that will flow through every square inch of opening in a gauge under a pressure or head of 
 six inches above the centerof the opening; the opening being two inches wide in the end ofa box provided 
 with an adjustable sliding gate. The six-inch head can be obtained by opening or closing the slide, and 
 the number of square inches remaining open indicates the amount of water passing through in Miner's 
 Inches." 
 
422 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Income. 
 
 Expenditures. 
 
 President. 
 
 1884 
 
 1 20 per share levy 
 
 45c per share levy 
 
 *5,ooo.oo 
 
 350.75 
 I. 275.15 
 
 Stephen Townsend. 
 C. C. Brown 
 
 i88s 
 
 1886 
 
 Justus Brock way. 
 C. T. Hopkins. 
 R. Williams. 
 
 1887 
 
 
 1888 
 
 $45,023,98 
 23,502.69 
 14,887.47 
 17,342.95 
 52,742.43 
 
 29.033-41 
 36,641.71 
 
 43,168.19 
 23,244.47 
 14,957.68 
 14,146.45 
 50,112.22 
 28,788.18 
 32,612.42 
 
 1889 
 
 Geo. E. Meharry. 
 John Allin. 
 John Allin. 
 Chas M. Parker. 
 
 1890 
 
 189I 
 
 1892 
 
 i8q-; 
 
 Same. 
 
 i8q4. 
 
 Same. Also 1895. 
 
 
 NORTH PASADENA LAND AND WATER COMPANY. 
 
 This company was an outgrowth of the development of the ' ' Painter 
 & Ball Tract," for which see page 342-3. The origin of the present cor- 
 poration was thus reported in the Valley U?iio7i at that time : 
 
 "A meeting of purchasers on the Painter & Ball tract was held Satur- 
 day night [January 3, 1885] at the residence of J. H. Painter to take steps 
 toward incorporating the water system of the tract. Present, B. F. Ball, 
 J. H. Painter, Mrs. Edith Painter, Amos Wright, Henry Rank, C. Brenner, 
 John Allin, Robert Hiatt, J. E. Doty, G. W. Hayes, M. D. Painter, and 
 Byron O. Clark, who all favored the proposed step. B. F. Ball was elected 
 chairman and B. O. Clark secretary. Amos Wright moved that a com- 
 mittee of five be appointed, with full power to act, to take steps toward the 
 incorporation. Motion carried, and Messrs. B. F. Ball, John Allin, B. O. 
 Clark, Amos Wright and M. D. Painter were appointed such committee." 
 
 The county record gives January 15, 1885, as the date of incorporation. 
 Capital, $90,000, in 1,800 shares of $50 each. Corporation to exist fifty 
 years. The first officers were B. F. Ball, president ; M. D. Painter, secre- 
 tary and treasurer ; and Mr. Painter holds the same office yet. From the 
 original enrollment of stock I quote this exhibit : 
 
 NAME. NO. SHARES. AMOUNT. 
 
 B. F. Ball Forty $ 2,000 
 
 John Allin Four and one-half 225 
 
 J. H. Painter Eighty-four 4,200 
 
 M. D. Painter Ninety-three 4,650 
 
 Byron O. Clark Forty-six and one-half. 2,325 
 
 Total 268 $13,400 
 
 This statement was signed and sworn to on January 15, 1885, before 
 R. Williams, Notary Public at Pasadena. 
 
 The original beginnings of the water system now owned b}' this com- 
 pany were the open ditch made by Wilson & Griffin's Frenchman, Dague, 
 prior to i868, which led the waters of Millard canyon out to a point just 
 
 *J. W. Wood resigned as secretary in October, i8S6, and gave in round numbers— 700 new certificates 
 issued ; $2,000 assessments and $3,000 water dues collected during the year. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 423 
 
 north of Monks Hill ; and the ditch made by John W. Wilson in 1878-79 
 from Negro canyon to the lyas Casitas plateau. (But Painter & Ball had 
 done a large amount of developing and piping before the corporation was 
 formed; in September, 1884, they had bought some water rights of Mr. 
 Brunk in the Arroyo Seco canyon and during the year laid two miles of 
 iron pipe.) J. H. Painter and his sons M. D. and A. J., together with B. 
 F. Ball, Byron O. Clark and engineer H. C. Kelsey, did all the prospecting 
 for their additional springs in the Arroyo Seco above mouth of Millard 
 canyon. And in 1885-86 the California Olive Company built a cement dam 
 in Millard canyon far above Millard falls, besides some other developments, 
 and piped the water out over the foot-mountain above Leighton's canyon 
 and down to their 200-acre olive orchard, all as a part of the North Pasadena 
 system ; and Byron O. Clark superintended this work. 
 
 In May, 1889, the company levied an assessment of $5 per share on its 
 stock, there being then about 1700 shares out. They had about two miles 
 of cement pipe leading from the Arroyo to their upper reservoir ; but this 
 was leaky, and a new iron main was necessary. This was put in; and 
 also some tunneling and other development work on their water-bearing 
 lands. From the Pasadena Standard of October 12, 1889, I quote this inter- 
 esting note : 
 
 "The North Pasadena Water Co. put in meters to test the supply by 
 measure and prevent needless wastage. The results have been very satis- 
 factory. The average amount used per family is given in gallons, thus : 
 
 GALLONS. 
 
 During the month of July 19.777 
 
 During the month of August 14,302 
 
 During the month of September 9.510 
 
 This 50 per cent, decrease per family shows that people were in July 
 running out twice as much water as the}' really needed." 
 
 In response to my inquiries at the company's office in 1894, the follow- 
 ing particulars were furnished me : 
 
 "The company owns 160 acres of rnountain land, covering springs in 
 Negro canyon, a small branch of the Arroyo Seco ; eighty acres of land 
 covering springs in Brown's canyon ; all the waters of the Arroyo Seco and 
 Millard canyon at the head of our pipe line, in Section 5, T. i N., R. 12 W., 
 besides the waters of numerous small springs in the mountains to which our 
 pipes are laid. Also, water rights at the head of the Wilson ditch, and 7.20 
 interest in the storage reservoir site in the east end of La Canyada valley. 
 We have one reservoir 100 feet square and 10 feet deep, cemented, cost 
 $4,000; one reservoir 50x100 feet, 12 feet deep, covered, cost $4,000; 
 seven miles of i^- to 6-inch pipes in the mountains for collecting water 
 from springs ; 1^3 miles of 16- and 18-inch vitrified water pipe, cost $6,000; 
 one mile 13-inch steel main, cost $5,000; distributing pipes on Painter & 
 Ball tract from 2 to 1 2 inches. All the pipe system above named is probably 
 worth in present condition $20,000, and 300 meters, worth $4,000. We 
 have six tunnels, and various water-claims and developments yielding on 
 the first day of September, 1893, a flow of 30 miner's inches, besides a 
 pumping plant capable of supplying 12 miner's inches, measured when the 
 
424 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 water was lowest of any time in the year. We have a list of 360 consumers, 
 on a tract of 1,800 acres of land, from whom we collected in water rents 
 during the year of 1893, $5. 000." 
 
 Total miles of water pipe, 20 ; two reservoirs with storage capacity of 
 1,200,000 gallons; total value of company's property, about $60,000. 
 
 THE LAS FLORKS WATRR COMPANY. 
 
 The Union of June 12, 1885, says : 
 
 " At a meeting held on Wednesday [June 10] articles of incorporation 
 were adopted, and the Las Flores Water Co. organized, with a capital stock 
 of $96,000, of which $73,000 is subscribed. Directors: G. A. Swartwout, 
 J. W. Hugus, D. Galbraith, L. A. Wright, P. Gano. On November 2 an 
 assessment was made of $1.25 per share, payable on or before December 24, 
 1885. R. Williams was then secretary of the company. Some tunneling, 
 damming and piping was done by the company in Las Flores canyon." 
 
 HERMITAGE WATER COMPANY. 
 
 November 13, 1886, the Union said : 
 
 "Articles of incorporation were filed Tuesday [November 9] by the 
 Hermitage Water Co. to hvij and sell water rights in and about Precipicio 
 [Eaton's] canyon. Directors : James Craig of the Hermitage Tract, Ed. E. 
 Karris, and T. P. Lukens of Pasadena, J. R. Scott and George Hanson of 
 Eos Angeles. Capital stock, $100,000 — all subscribed. ' ' 
 
 PRECIPICE CANYON W.'VTER CO. 
 Incorporated March 30, 1887. Capital stock, $625,000, in 12,500 
 shares ot $50 each. Place of business, Eamanda Park. This company 
 operates in Eaton canyon, the old Spanish name of which was Precipicio 
 canyon — but they printed their certificates in plain English, Precipice Can- 
 yon. The stockholders in 1887 were : 
 
 J. F. Crank 4,500 shares 
 
 Wm. Allen 2,000 shares 
 
 Albert Brigden 2,000 shares 
 
 James Craig 2,500 shares 
 
 Scattering 1,500 shares 
 
 Total of 1,500 acres interested. 
 Ofiicers : Crank, pres't; Craig, vice pres't ; Herman Blatz, sec'y. 
 The state engineer reported in 1887 that this company had a flow of 
 500 inches during the winter and spring, but running down to forty ( ?) 
 inches in the dry time of a dry year. This report was before they had tun- 
 neled or developed their resources ; but I think was a mistake even when 
 made. 
 
 OAK KNOI.L WATER COMPANY. 
 
 January i, 1887, the Union reported: 
 
 " Articles of incorporation were filed Tuesday [December 28, 1886] for 
 the Oak Knoll Water Co., to buy, sell, and deal in water rights, and to de- 
 velop and increase water supply on the Oak Knoll Tract. Principal place of 
 business, Los Angeles. Directors : S. D. Rosenbaum, New York City ; 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 425 
 
 Morris Augustine, San Francisco ; E- L. Stern, Leon Loeb, E. M. Adler, 
 L,os Angeles. Capital stock, $100,000, in 1,000 shares of $100 each — all 
 subscribed by the directors. 
 
 RUBIO CANYON LAND AND WATKR CO. 
 
 Incorporated Februry 24, 1886, by F. J. and John Woodbury, and 
 others, to develop, utilize and control the waters of Rubio canyon. They 
 did the first piping and tunneling ever done in this canyon, running a tun- 
 nel seventy-five feet into its west wall in December, 1883. In 1891 their 
 holdings were merged into the great enterprise now known as the Mount 
 Lowe Electric Railway Co. The Daily Star oi April i, 1895, said : 
 
 " At a meeting of the Rubio Canyon Land and Water Association to- 
 day directors were elected for the ensuing year : F. J. Woodbury, J. H. 
 Holmes, R. S. Barnhart, J. S. Torrance, and T. S. C. Lowe. Woodbury 
 was elected president; Holmes, vice president ; A. B. Manahan, secretary ; 
 and First National bank, treasurer." 
 
 MILLARD CANYON WATER COMPANY. 
 
 Incorporated April 14, 1887, with J. P. Woodbury, E. C. Webster, 
 Byron O. Clark, Calvin Hartwell and Levi W. Giddings as the first board of 
 directors ; and E. W. Giddings and F. J. Woodbury were additional mem- 
 bers of the company. L. W. Giddings was chosen president, and C. Hart- 
 well secretary and treasurer. There are 7,200 shares of $5 each. This 
 company was formed to hold, develop, improve and concentrate the springs 
 and water sources of Millard canyon and its tributaries ; but it does not 
 distribute the waters beyond or below the canyon. The Cemeter}- Associa- 
 tion, the California Olive Company, and the Pasadena Improvement Co., 
 each have reservoirs and pipelines of their own, served from this Canyon 
 company's gathering pipes. In 1894-95 Hon. P. M. Green is president, 
 and D. C. Porter, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 PASADENA HIGHLANDS WATER COMPANY. 
 
 The Weekly Star oi May 27, 1891, says: 
 
 " Messrs. G. D. and C. E. Patten, W. C. Bcsse, D. Galbraith and D. J. 
 Macpherson, who own the Highland Tract, bounded by Washington street. 
 Lake, New York and Hill Avenues, have formed the Pasadena Highland 
 Water Company, with a capital stock of $15,300, all of which is subscribed." 
 
 But according to the county records this company had been incorporated 
 November i, 1890. No other particulars obtained. 
 
 COTTONWOOD CANYON WATER COMPANY. 
 
 Cottonwood canyon is a small gulch in the San Rafael hills [Dreyfuss's 
 allotment] about half a mile up the Arroyo beyond the Linda Vista green 
 house. The Pasadena Star of November 9, 1892, said : 
 
 "The Cottonwood Canyon Water Company, composed of Pasadena 
 men, has been organized. The company proposes to acquire water rights 
 and dispose of water to inhabitants on block A of the San Pasqual tract, of 
 the lands of the Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company, situated in the 
 
426 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 northwestern part of Pasadena. The principal place of business is Los 
 Angeles. [?] The capital stock is $30,000, all of which has been subscribed. 
 The incorporators are W. S. Wright, trustee ; Win. R. Staats, John 
 McDonald, W. S. Wright, C. E. Brooks, Joseph M. Campbell." 
 
 N. G. Yocura had developed a small flow of water in this canyon in 1887. 
 The incorporators took it on a note of Yocum's, of which Wright was 
 trustee ; in 1894 they ran a new tunnel, and reported a stream of four 
 miner's inches. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 Railroads.— The S. G. V. R. R. (Santa Fe).— The Dummy Road.— The Altadena Road 
 and Los Angeles Terminal. — The Fair Oaks Line. — The Colorado Street Line. — The 
 Painter Line. — The Highland Line. — The Linda Vista Line.— The Alhambra Line. — 
 The Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric Railway. — The Ramona and Pasadena 
 Narrow Gauge (now Southern Pacific R. R.) 
 
 SAN GABRIEL VALLEY RAILROAD. 
 This was the first undertaking to connect Pasadena with the rest of the 
 world by railroad, and therefore has a very intimate and close historic con- 
 nection with the development of the city and its adjacent settlements. The 
 railroad was first projected and planned by Mr. S. P. Jevvett, a young engi- 
 neer who came to Pasadena from Chicago in 1879, and with his widowed 
 mother, Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, settled on Orange Grove Avenue. 
 
 The first meeting to talk over the project was held in Los Angeles in 
 September, 1882, when there were present: J. E. Hollenbeck, C. H. Simp- 
 kins, E. F. Spence, J. F. Crank, S. P. Jewett. The first three men feared 
 that such a road could not be a financial success ; there would not be traffic 
 enough to sustain it, and they declined to join in forming a company to 
 build the road. This delayed the matter nearly a year ; but meanwhile Mr. 
 Jewett stuck to his text, and went on perfecting his plans as to route, grades, 
 curves, bridges, right-of-way, station points, terminus, etc.; and finally, 
 through Mr. Crank's efforts, enough men were found who had faith in it to 
 fortn a company. This was accordingly done at Los Angeles on August 30, 
 1883, by J. F. Crank, S. Washburn, W. R. Davis, A. Bridgen, W. P. 
 Stanley and S. P. Jevvett, who then became incorporated as the "Los An- 
 geles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad Company," with capital stock fixed 
 at $350,000. The men named constituted the first board of directors, and 
 they elected Crank, president; Jewett, vice-president, general manager and 
 chief engineer ; Stanley, secretary; Washl)urn, trea.surer. 
 
 The Valley Union of July 19, 1884, said : "A contract has been let to 
 L. H. Carver of Boston, Mass., to Iniild the whole road, the terms being that 
 it is to be in running order by January 1, 1885, to Pasadena." And the same 
 paper August 2 announced that the directors of the "Dummy Railroad" 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 427 
 
 had ceased operations and left the field entirely to the San Gabriel Valley 
 Company. 
 
 The grading work went on well for a while ; then Mr. Carver failed. 
 Money was not forthcoming to meet payments due for work and material. 
 Work was stopped for several months ; but the projectors stuck to it with 
 good grit, and finally got in shape to go ahead again. 
 
 The first public mention that I find of special effort by Pasadena to aid 
 this important work was in the Valley Union of June 5, 1885, which says : 
 
 " The committee appointed to secure the right-of-way for the railroad 
 has held two meetings and entered upon its work s^^stematically. At the 
 first meeting the work of canvassing for the right-of-way was divided be- 
 tween three committees, who are assigned to the following sections of the 
 route : From Raymond Hill to Colorado street, J. H. Baker, M. W. McGee 
 and W. H. Wiley ; Colorado street to eastern boundary of the Mutual Orange 
 Orchard, C. C. Brown, S. Townsend, J. P. Woodbury ; from Mutual Orange 
 Orchard to Rose's fence, James Craig, J. W. Hall and Abbot Kinney. It 
 was voted to make H. W. Magee and Abbot Kinney trustees to hold the 
 right-of-way when secured until the railroad is completed and in operation. 
 An agreement to this effect has been made between the railroad and trustees. 
 This agreement requires that the right-of-way be secured before June 15." 
 
 The same paper contained this item of railroad news : 
 
 ' ' The first locomotive of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Rail- 
 road arrived from Cincinnati Tuesday. She is called a 30-ton engine, with 
 5-foot driving wheels and an extension front, with Eastern style spark ar- 
 rester. She was brought out dead b}' Mr. Homer, who will put her in shape 
 for active service." 
 
 Pasadena interest was now fully awakened to the importance of this 
 railroad project in its relation to Pasadena's growth and progress, and the 
 Union from week to week took every opportunity to report any new step in 
 its advancement. On July 1 7 I find this mention : 
 
 "Locomotive No. 2 of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valle}^ Rail- 
 road was fired up for the first time yesterday and run a short distance. A 
 construction train was also made up. About 3,500 feet of track was laid, 
 up to last night. ' ' 
 
 And again, July 31, this appears : 
 
 "The Arroyo Seco bridge is completed, and track-laying has progressed 
 to this point. A large cargo of ties arrived Wednesday and the track will 
 be laid as fast as the grading can be completed." 
 
 And on August 14 this : 
 
 "The first carload of freight went over the Los Angeles and San Gabriel 
 Valley Railroad Wednesday. It was coal for the Pasadena Water Com- 
 pany." 
 
 Then came the opening day, which was the grandest affair in the his- 
 tory of the settlement up to that time. I quote from the Valley Union again : 
 
 " Wednesday, September 16, 1885, will always bean epoch in the history 
 of Pasadena. The Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was for- 
 mally opened to public traffic between Los Angeles and Pasadena. It was 
 
42 8 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 an occasion for rejoicing, and the people earnestly devoted themselves to the 
 enjoyment of a grand jnbilee. 
 
 At an early hour those having the arrangements in charge were actively 
 engaged. Mr. Thomas Banbur}^ had provided a street sprinkler that did a 
 grateful service on the dusty streets and celebration grounds. The Central 
 School Park had been selected as the place for the ceremonies, and between 
 the Public Library and school buildings a large pavilion covering an area 
 80x100 feet, had been erected of rough lumber, open on all sides, but cov- 
 ered overhead with freshly clipped cypress boughs. At 9 a. m. a train left 
 Pasadena for lyOS Angeles, carrying the reception committee, consisting of 
 the following gentlemen, and the Pasadena band : J. Banbury, H. H. Mark- 
 ham, H. W. Magee, J. E. Clarke, G. W. Wilson, N. G. Carter, O. S. 
 Picher, Bayard T. Smith, James Craig, O. H. Conger, P. M. Green, R. Wil- 
 liams. This was the first passenger train over the road, and the run was 
 made in twenty-two minutes. 
 
 The L,os Angeles guests were received at the Downey Avenue depot, 
 and five carloads including about 300 ladies enjoyed a most delightful ride 
 to Pasadena. All expressed them.selves highly pleased with the road and 
 its appointments. Arriving at Pasadena, the guests were conducted to the 
 pavilion, where an abundant collation was served. The tables were splen- 
 didly decorated with fruits and flowers. On one of the tables was a loco- 
 motive and two cars ingeniously constructed of variously arranged flowers. 
 These cars were loaded with varieties of fruits, and this very appropriate 
 piece of floral work reflected much credit on Misses Matie and Ollie Stratton, 
 who designed it. Mrs. M. Rosenbaum had four elegant floral pyramids ; 
 and many of the guests were supplied with neat button-hole bouquets. The 
 floral engine was presented to General Manager Jewett. 
 
 After the repast, literary exercises were carried out in the following 
 order, under the direction of Col. O. S. Picher, president of the da}^ : 
 Address of welcome — Hon. H. H. Markham. 
 Response in behalf of Los Angeles — Mayor E. F. Spence. 
 The E. A. and S. G. V. R. R., response — Hon. J. F. Crank. 
 Original poem — Charles A. Gardner, editor Valley Union. The follow- 
 ing is a portion of the poem : 
 
 As Troy, beleagured, in her hour of need 
 
 Gave jovial welcome to the wooden steed, 
 
 And poets lauded in heroic strain 
 
 The Centaur counsers of the Grecian plain — 
 
 So we, the people of another time — 
 
 Of happier nation, and a sunnier clime — 
 
 Are met with greeting for our modern horse, 
 
 The tireless racer of the iron course. 
 
 But not like Trojan's shall our steed disclose 
 The dread forerunner of a nation's woes — 
 The armed battalions and the waste of war 
 That ravaged Troas in her peaceful shore ; 
 The shock of battle and the din of arms 
 That wrecked her happiness in war's alarms, 
 The dreadful thunders of an angry Fate 
 That sealed the fortunes of a fallen state. 
 
 No! ble.s.sings rather, in her peaceful train 
 Attend our courser of the smiling plain ; 
 The hum of Labor in her busj- wheels ; 
 The horn of Plenty in her bugle peals ; 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 429 
 
 The lengthened spirals of her smoky fleece 
 Are tranquil curlings of the pipe of peace. 
 
 And, lo ! her progress through a chosen land 
 Wakes smiling industry on every hand ! 
 The voice of Labor and the arts of Peace 
 Bid homes accumulate and wealth increase ; 
 And cities hasten in her path of fate 
 To swell the fortunes of a rising state. 
 
 The I^os Angeles Board of Trade — Maj. G. H. Bonebrake. 
 
 The Influence of the Press in the Development of lyOS Angeles County 
 — J. D. Lynch, Esq., editor Daily Herald. 
 
 The Produce Exchange — Eugene Germain. 
 
 The union of Pasadena and Eos Angeles — Col. H. H. Boyce, editor 
 Daily Express. 
 
 The regular program being completed, remarks were made by Hon. 
 R. F. Del Valle ; D. M. Berry, the father of the original colony from 
 which Pasadena has grown up ; Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, and Gen. John Mans- 
 field." 
 
 From this time on, there was regtilar train service between Pasadena 
 and Eos Angeles ; and the construction work continued eastward. On 
 November 7, 1885, the road was completed and train service commenced to 
 Eamanda Park, where the first Y was bitilt on which to reverse engines. 
 Before this the engines had come up from Eos Angeles head foremost and 
 gone back with hind end foremost. At Eamanda the road took a rest 
 for several months and boomed the town by running excursions there ; and 
 it was not until a year later — November 5, 1886 — that it was completed to 
 Duarte. Right-of-way difficulties and other matters had caused delay. But 
 it was finally completed to San Dimas — or " Mud Springs," as it was then 
 called and marked on the maps — a total trackage of twenty-eight miles. 
 
 Meanwhile another local company had been formed to build a road from 
 Barstow on the Atlantic and Pacific line, down through the Cajon pass to 
 San Bernardino, and thence westward to " Mud Springs," there joining the 
 S. G. V. road, and thus making a continuous line to Eos Angeles. It had 
 long been an open secret that these two local enterprises were in the interest 
 of the great Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R. R. Co.. which was seeking 
 a through connection of its own to the Pacific coast. Up to this time the 
 Southern Pacific company had an autocratic monopoly of all transcontinental 
 traffic with Southern California, and the Santa Fe company had to pay 
 track-rent for its trains or cars from Deming to Eos Angeles over the S. P. 
 line. But now the Santa Fe company had finally gained control of the 
 Atlantic and Pacific road from Albuquerque to Mohave ; and with these two 
 local lines in possession, it would have an unbroken trackage of its own 
 from Chicago to Eos Angeles. In pursuance of this great scheme the S. G. 
 V. road was sold to the Santa Fe company January i, 1S87, and Mr. Jewett 
 remained in charge as manager for the new ownership tintil July i, 1887, 
 when he resigned — thus ending Pasadena's personal historic connection 
 
.};>0 UlSrOKV OV PASAIMCNA. 
 
 wilh thi iv>.ul. I'uMM the \\ill<v Union oi vScplcinlKi lo, 1.SS5, I j^athcr a 
 tow .iiUliliotu;! points ; 
 
 "The chavlor providcil thvil il sl»v>iiKl oxloiul Iroiii l.os Aniiclcs to tlie 
 oastoni oxtrctuilN- ot" the San t^alnicl X'alloy, a distanoc ot" alnnit thirty 
 miles. The ronte to the lein\inns, near what are known as " >hul v*^]Min_ns",* 
 was scleeted wilh a view to o]ien np one ot the i iehesi \ alleys in Soutlicrn 
 Calitornia. The Sonthern Taeitie passes throni;h the sv>nthern part ot" the 
 valley, l>nt il is too tar distant tVoni some o( the most tertilc and prmnising 
 seelions sitnate^l npon or near the toot -hills o{ the vSierra Madre rani;e. 
 Sneh plaees as Pasadena. Sierra Mailre, Pnarte. and A/iisa needed a elose ami 
 convenient railroad connection with Los Angeles, the commercial center tor 
 all the southern counties o\ the State. Several surveys were made with the 
 narrow gauge in view, .uul a part of the righl-ot-way had heen .secnred and 
 some grading dime, when il wasdeciiled toabanilon the narrow gauge scheme 
 and hnild a stamlard gange HKid. This was over a Near ago, or some time 
 in Angnsl, 1SS4, when the capital was increased lo $000,000. The bridges 
 are tirsl-ela.ss in all lespects. The first across the Los Angeles river is 312 
 teet long, contains 100,000 teet ot Inmber. 1 j tons ot' cast iron, and J2 tons of 
 wrought iron, .md will cost about 5u\ih>o. The SycaniiMC C^wove trestle 
 bridge is 450 long and ^vS teet high. The bridge over the Arri»yo Seci> is 
 850 teet long, ^^'^ teet high, and cost about 5t5AXX\" 
 
 This Arroyo briilge was built luuh on a cur\ e and an incline : and 
 wIk'U I lie Sanl.i hV ciMup.iu\- look pivssession lhe\' tound il nnsatc tor their 
 hea\ >■ tVeighi and Pulhuan pas.senger trains ; they iheretore made a new 
 grade along the face ot the Oibrallar elitV and cro.sscil the AiToyo on a high, 
 sli. light, lc\cl luidgc, thus .uoiding also the ilown .u\d up haul ot" the old 
 curve line. The old grade along the (^aivan/.i blufV and ihecmved bridge 
 were sold lo the county and couvcrtcil into a county wagon bridge and road 
 at ih.il poiiU. And the v"^eo\ille bridge .U ra>.ulcna was .ilso built ol lindvrs 
 trom lh.\t old railroad bridge. 
 
 The v'^anta be compan\ later extendevl I heir line lo .\ lidew.iler connec- 
 tion at Redondo, and S.iu Piego. 
 
 Till': "niMMV K.Ml.KiWO" CKOllCCT. 
 
 Puting the winter o{ 1SS3 S4 there began to be talk of connecting 
 Tasailena directly wilh l.os Angeles by siuue sort ot" rapid transit or street- 
 car service ; and this talk resulted in the organi/atiou ot" the " Los Angeles 
 and Pasadena Railway CompauN," which w.is incorporatevl June \j, 1SS4. 
 wilh the t'oUowing bixird of directors: P. M. Crecti. b. l-\ liall, W. 
 TluMUsou, oi P.is.ulena ; .\. ("ll.issell. .\ . 11. judson, (L W. Morgan, of 
 Los .\ngeles ; L. M. llamiltvm. (lla.s.sell. Jiulson and Morgan all owncil 
 land along the j^roposed line between Los .\ngeles and Garvan/a. Im- 
 meilialel\ after the incorpoialion the comp.uiy issued a i>rospectus, tiom 
 which 1 (puUe : 
 
 * " M\ul Splines " was « iji ful i-ienfj;n or IhuIv of iimish Imul nbo\it hull" wtiy bclwcon Sun Uunas 
 mill l.oriNtmin. .-Viivl the li'wn.s of I.<nilsl>\ir>;. Sail Uimns, 0,U-n>iora. Monrovia, .sicrru Muiiro mul !.«- 
 iiiaiulii rtirk jit.1 uol Iheu cxisl. They were boru of the railroad. 
 
DIVISION SIX misrNi<;ss. 431 
 
 "It is tlic (lesion of Uk- projtclors of lliis fiiU'r])risc to coMstnut ;i 
 11:11 row j^ini^e railway from I/).s Aii^t-Its by way of llie Arroyo Scc(), Ilij^h- 
 l;iiul I'ark, (iarvaii/.a, I.iiK-oln Park, Ilerinosa Vista, williiii a sliorl distaiux' 
 of tlu- ])ro])o.sc(l kaymoiid Hotel, and tliciicc aloiij^ a line midway betw cii 
 Oraiij^e ('.rove and l''air ( )aks A venues to a point as near as praetieahle to 
 the intersection of I'air Oaks Avenue and L'olorado street in Pasadena. 
 Practically, it is the intention to extend the street railway system of I/)S 
 Anj^eles to the center of the settlement of Pasadena, usiii}^ as a motive 
 ])ower a noiseless steam motor known as a 'Dummy,' or such other ])ower 
 as may be re(iuired." 
 
 It will thus be seen that the project as laid out at that time was sub- 
 stantially the same as is now carried into effect by the Pasadena and r/)S 
 Anj^eles Ivlectric Rnilway Company ten years later. That orij^inal " Dummy 
 line " .stock was put at $25 per share ; and the ])r().s])ectus further .said : " It 
 is desired to make this a people's road, built for the ])eople, on a ])opular 
 sub.scri])tion by the people, without mortgaj^ed or bonded indeV)tedness, and 
 then run it in the interests of the people." It was a live i)rc>ject in its day. 
 On June 5, 1884, a meetinj^ was held at Los Angeles to work it up. A. O. 
 Porter was chairman, and Green, Hall, Ivaton and Dr. Conger were also 
 there from Pasadena, be.sides engineer Williel Thomson, who reported 
 estimates of co.st at $7,000 ])er mile to build the road, and $10 per day for 
 operating expenses thereafter, making five trips each way. Another meet- 
 ing was held June 12, with Dr. Conger chairman, and articles of incorpora- 
 tion were adopted. Its preparat(jry work was pushed with zeal and energy. 
 Right-of-way for its track was given along Pasadena avenue from Columbia 
 to Colorado .streets ; I signed agreement for this, in common with other 
 dwellers or owners of ])roperty on that avenue, although the avenue was 
 then only open frf)in California to Colorado. liut it was found that this 
 undertaking seemed to erabarra.ss the vSan ()al)riel Valley railroad (now 
 vSanta PV*] which was then making a tenacious struggle for existence, under 
 the lead of vS. P. Jewetl, J. P\ Crank and S. Washburn all Pa.sadena men. 
 And the Valley (Inion of August 2, 1884. contained this announcement: 
 
 "The directors of the Dummy Railroad and those of the vS. O. V. 
 Railroad came to a mutual understanding Thursday, in which the former 
 agreed to cease o])eralions, U])on a i)ositive guarantee that a road will be 
 built and in operation by January 1, 1885; and that not le.ss than three 
 trips per day will be made by their trains the first year, and four or more 
 the second," etc. 
 
 So the " Dummy road " was never built. Vet the idea on which it was 
 ba.sed, for a Pasadena-l,os Angeles street car line owned by local holders 
 and managers, still kept alive.''' The rapid-transit road built by Capt. Cross 
 
 * An illustration of the in.iiiy ^raiKl projects iiicidiiit lo the hooiii lime is afforded hy an article in 
 the /'«.v«r//:na .SVd/ of Ai)ril ?, iHHv, on a new patent noiseless and sniokdess street railroad motor, from 
 which I iniote this passage : " The fact that s\ich a man as K. I'" Spence :ind his associates are willing 
 lo invest money to build a railroad whose franchise wdl ijermit nothing hut a noiseless, smokeless motor 
 to he tised, is a very practical way (jf showing their I'aith in this motor and that it is what it is claimed to 
 he. This line is lo ko from tlie top of Ml. Wilson to the sea, throiiKh rasadeiia and I.os Angeles, with 
 trains every hour. It will ^ive iis what we have so Vmv, needeil fieiinent commuuicatiou with I<os 
 Angeles, and bring every tourist that goes to Ml. Wilson through X'asadena." 
 
432 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 in 1889 [now the Los Angeles Terminal] seemed to fulfill that idea for 
 awhile - though in two or three years the need of some more direct, more 
 frequent and more center- reaching line of street car service was felt, and 
 plans for its accomplishment were talked up, resulting at last in the present 
 electric line. 
 
 THE I.OS ANGELES TERMINAL RAILROAD. 
 
 I wrote to the officers of this company, enclosing a suitable blank, ask- 
 ing for data that would enable me to write a historical sketch of the road. 
 No answer was ever made, nor any facilities afforded me for getting any in- 
 formation from official .sources. This explanation is due to myself because 
 of the meagerness of details from which I was obliged to prepare this sketch. 
 The "Terminal" as it now exists is a combination successor of the wrecks 
 of several rapid transit, narrow-gauge and dummy lines that sprung up like 
 mushrooms during our "boom" period. Of these, the Pasadena Improve- 
 ment Company's standard-gauge road from Raymond station to Altadena, 
 seven miles, comes first ; and the first step which led to the building of this 
 road was a ' ' boom ' ' land deal that is mentioned in the Pasadena Union 
 of October 2, 1886, as follows : 
 
 "The purchase comprises the ranches of Woodbury Brothers, Col. J. 
 Banbury and P. Gano, embracing in all nearly 1,300 acres of the most finely 
 improved, best situated and best watered land in this valley. The pur- 
 chasers are E. C. Webster & Co., the Investment Bankers, Woodbury Bros, 
 and other capitalists of this city, who form a syndicate of energy, foresight 
 and enterprise. With the land bought are included the very valuable water 
 right to 3,000 shares of the Rubio canyon water, 120 shares of the Las Flores 
 water and one-third of the Millard canyon waters. The first step in the line 
 of development will be the subdivision of this entire property into lots of five 
 and ten acres. One very important enterpri.se already projected is the con- 
 struction of a cable or electric railroad from some point near the Raymond 
 to the base of the mountains at the head of the lands purchased." 
 
 The "lands purchased" were laid out as the town of Altadena, and 
 was one of the high mark and very brilliant " boom " enterprises in its day. 
 As lots were sold and buildings undertaken, the demand for better transpor- 
 tation facilities became imperative, and a regular standard-gauge steam 
 motor line called the Altauena Railroad was built from Raymond station 
 up through Pasadena to Devil's Gate, and thence eastward through Alta- 
 dena to North Lake Avenue. Ofcour.se when the "boom" collapsed this 
 was a losing enterprise, yet the company was obliged to keep trains running 
 every day to hold their franchise. 
 
 The village of Garvanza was another " boom " enterprise or land spec- 
 ulation in 1885-6; and a narrow-gauge dummy street-car railroad was Imilt 
 from Los Angeles to Garvanza, and thence to Eagle Rock valley. This 
 project became bankrupt ; and the railroad with all its property and fran- 
 chi.ses were bought l)y Capt Cross. Me secured right-of-way through South 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 433 
 
 Pasadena, after a long delay by litigation with certain landowners as to the 
 amount of their damages, and built a " rapid transit " line from Los Angeles 
 via Garvanza to Raymond station. Here he leased the Altadena railroad 
 for three years and thus reached Pasadena's business center by running a 
 switch down from the present Terminal depot site to a point between De 
 Lacy street and Fair Oaks Avenue, and fronting on Colorado street. On 
 March ir, 1890, the road was formally opened to the public, and Pasadena 
 celebrated the event in great style. [See page 327.] 
 
 Within a year Capt. Cross sold out to the Los Angeles Terminal Rail- 
 road Company, T. B. Burnett, manager. And the Pasadena Star of August 
 26, 1891, said : 
 
 ' ' The Terminal Railway Company has filed in Los Angeles a trust deep 
 to the St. Louis Trust Company in the sum of $1,500,000 to secure payment 
 of bonds to this amount. The Terminal is expending money in a courageous 
 way, showing that its owners have full faith in the future of Southern Cali- 
 fornia." 
 
 When the three-year lease of the Altadena line expired, the Terminal 
 bought that road and made it an integral part of their system ; and they did 
 the same thing with the narrow-gauge line from Los Angeles to Glendale. 
 Also during 1891 they built from Los Angeles to Long Beach, and to an 
 ocean connection via Rattlesnake Island at East San Pedro ; and the formal 
 opening of this line was celebrated by an excursion under the management of 
 the Pasadena Board of Trade, November 14, 1891. 
 
 THK PASADENA STREET RAILWAY CO. 
 
 The first man who ever received a franchise for a street railroad in Pasa- 
 dena was Stephen Townsend, on Saturday, October 10, 1885. This was be- 
 fore there was any city incorporation, and the grant was made by the county 
 board of supervisors. The Valley Unio?i of October 16, 1885, said : 
 
 "To Stephen Townsend was granted his franchise, the route being as 
 follows : Commencing at a point on Fair Oaks Avenue, in San Gabriel 
 township, opposite the center of the street leading to the Raymond station 
 of the L. A. & S. G. V. R. R., and running thence in a northerly direction 
 along the center of said Fair Oaks Avenue, to a point about 300 feet south 
 of Walnut street." 
 
 The enterprise seems to have made little progress for some months, and 
 I find nothing more about it until February 15, 1886, when a meeting was 
 held in Williams Hall on the subject. Townsend's franchise had been 
 granted on condition that the work of building the road should be com- 
 menced within three months, but this had not been done, so of course it 
 had become void. At this meeting in Williams Hall C. C. Brown was 
 chosen chairman, and Frank M. Ward, secretary ; and S. Townsend ex- 
 plained the object of the meeting to be, to further the interests of Pasadena 
 by the building of a street railroad. As a result of this meeting, the fol- 
 lowing document was put forth : 
 
 28 
 
434 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 " PROPOSITION FOR A STREET RAILROAD. 
 
 "It is proposed to incorporate a company with a capital stock of 
 $50,000, divided into 500 shares of the par vakie of $100 each, to be known 
 as the ' Pasadena Street Railroad Company.' for the purpose of constructing 
 and operating a street railroad on the following line, to-wit : commencing at 
 the junction of Orange Grove Avenue and Columbia street, and running 
 thence east to Fair Oaks Avenue, north on Fair Oaks to Chestnut street, 
 east on Chestnut to Summit Avenue, and north on Summit Avenue to Illin- 
 ois street ; and such other lines as the corporation may deem desirable. 
 Signed : S. Townsend, Williel Thomson, Ward Bros., R. WiUiams, H. F. 
 Goodwin, J. S. Mills, P. G. Wooster, Samuel Merrill, T. P. Lukens, Chas. 
 A. Gardner, J. H. Painter, N. G. Yocum, J. G. Miller, A. O. Porter, B. W. 
 Bates, Geo. E. Meharry, M. J. McCall, E. C. Webster, D. R. Risley, M. W. 
 McGee, G. Roscoe Thomas, J. Banbury, Byron O. Clark, H. W. Magee, 
 L. H. Michener, P. M. Green, James Smith, John Allin." 
 
 On February 18 they met again and organized the company by electing 
 Stephen Townsend president, and Frank M. Ward .secretary. And the 
 county records give February 18, 1886, as the date of their incorporation. 
 Then the Valley Union of February 19, said : 
 
 "The proposed street railroad from the college to Illinois street zna 
 Fair Oaks Avenue is now assured, $22,000 of the $50,000 capital stock 
 being already subscribed. The directors for the first year are S. Townsend, 
 Williel Thomson, Frank M. Ward, R. Williams, P. M. Green and P. G. 
 Wooster. The iron is ordered, and two miles of the road will at once be 
 built from the postoffice to Raymond station." 
 
 Yet, of all the twenty-eight names signed to the above " Proposition," 
 and counted for stock subscribers in the Union's report, only seventeen ever 
 actually took stock as proposed ; and this being the first bona fide invest- 
 ment of capital for the construction of a street railroad in Pasadena, those 
 seventeen form a historic roll of honor, as follows : 
 
 NAME. SHARES. NAME. SHARES. NAME. SHARES. 
 
 S. Townsend 10 G. Roscoe Thomas... 10 Chas. A. Gardner i 
 
 Frank M. Ward i P. M. Green 5 A. O. Porter 5 
 
 H. F. Goodwin 5 John Allin i M. W. McGee 5 
 
 T. P. Lukens 2 Williel Thomson 32 H. W. Magee 2 
 
 N. G. Yocum i R. Williams 10 James Smith 3 
 
 E. C. Webster 2 P. G. Wooster 5 
 
 Total, 100 shares subscribed, or $10,000 of the proposed stock ; and 
 with this the work went on. The first cost of construction of the ultimate 
 entire line, including rolling stock, hor-ses, barns, etc., was $20,300 ; but 
 $1,000 was afterward added; and stock was issued for the whole amount. 
 The first section of the road was completed in September, and the Valley 
 Union of October 2 gives the following account of the opening ceremonies : 
 
 "Thursday, the 30th of September, 1886, will be referred to in after 
 years as the day on which the first street car line in Pasadena was opened 
 to the public. At twelve o'clock, over fifty invited guests of the projectors 
 of the line assembled at the car stables to participate in celebrating this, the 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. ' 435 
 
 first Street car ride in Pasadena. The cars, which are handsomely lettered 
 "Pasadena and Raymond," were decorated with flags, and as they were 
 drawn out of the stable made a fine appearance. All who could be com- 
 fortably seated took the cars, which run down to the South Pasadena end of 
 the line, and then up to the present terminus, opposite the Grand Hotel. 
 On arriving here the party and cars were photographed by E. S. Frost & 
 Son, after which all were served a dinner at the Grand Hotel. Following 
 this, remarks were made by H. J. Holmes, S. Townsend, P. M. Green, H. 
 J. Vail, G. E. Meharry, Williel Thomson, M. M. Parker, J. E. Clarke, 
 E. C. Webster, Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, Mr. Muchmore, and A. O. Porter. 
 The cars commenced regular trips on the day of the opening, and the 
 rumbling of the wheels and sound of the bell adds to our already metropoli- 
 tan airs. The officers of the line are Stephen Townsend, president ; R. 
 Williams, vice-president ; P. G. Wooster, secretary ; P. M. Green, treas- 
 urer ; and Williel Thomson, superintendent." 
 
 The company's business during the first year amounted to $2,470; but 
 its last year, 1893, the amount was only about $1,600. In 1894 the property 
 and franchises of the company were sold to the Pasadena and Los Angeles 
 Electric Railway Company, for about $14,000, and was incorporated with 
 that system of electric lines as now in operation — 1895. 
 
 THE COI.ORADO STREET R. R. LINE. 
 
 On October 15, 1885— five days after the date of S. Townsend's original 
 street railroad franchise — the county board gave a grant to H. W. Magee 
 and Geo. E. Meharry for their projected line; and the Union of October 23d 
 said: "Messrs. Magee and Meharry of the Colorado street railway line 
 inform us that the road will be commenced within the three months pro- 
 vided in the franchise." And it was ; for they bought a few rails and ties 
 somewhere, and put down about 200 feet of track, then covered it up to 
 hatch. And the first chicken that openly peeped from this particular street 
 railroad incubator appeared in the U?don of March 26, 1886, which said: 
 
 "The stock-holders of the Colorado street Railroad company met at 
 the office of T. P. Eukens, Monday, and elected a board of seven directors, 
 as follows : Geo. E. Meharry, H. F. Goodwin, T. P. Eukens, C. C. Brown, 
 S. O. McGrew, Samuel Stratton, and S. P. McEean. These organized 
 Tuesday, by the election of Meharry, president ; Eukens, secretary ; and 
 Stratton, treasurer." 
 
 The county records give March 20 [? — 26] as the date when this com- 
 pany was incorporated. And the next mention I find is in the Union of 
 June 25, from which I quote this paragraph : 
 
 " Civil engineer, J. M. Willard, has completed today his surv^ey and pro- 
 file of the grade line of the Colorado street railroad from Fair Oaks Avenue 
 to Hill Avenue, east, a distance of 8,700 feet. The engineer has carefully 
 ascertained the difference in street altitudes along the line, above sea level. 
 [See page 363]. 
 
 Track-laying proper was commenced July 28. And then in its issue of 
 November 13, 1886, I find the following : 
 
436 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 "On Tuesday the second street car line opening occurred. At one 
 o'clock about 150 guests of the company assembled at the stables of Yore 
 & Hoag, where the cars were at once filled, and a very smooth and pleasant 
 run was made to Olivewood. There two long tables were spread with a 
 bountiful repast. C. T. Hopkins, the genial host of the occasion acted as 
 president of the day. After the dinner was served, he opened the literary 
 exerci.ses with remarks that were sound and sensible, and then in pleasant 
 language introduced Col. O. S. Picher, who made one of his characteristic 
 speeches, pointed, vigorous, and hopeful. He was followed by H. W. 
 Magee, Esq., who spoke on behalf of the railway directors and officers. 
 H. J. Holmes, president of the city trustees, closed the speaking." 
 
 The officers of the company at that time were Geo. E. Meharry, presi- 
 dent ; T. P. Eukens, secretary ; Samuel Stratton, treasurer ; C. C. Brown, 
 supt. This line was ultimately extended to Hill Avenue, thence south to San 
 Pasqual street. And another branch was built down Los Robles Avenue to 
 California street, thence to Wilson Avenue ; and a branch up Lake Avenue 
 to Illinois street. But in 1894 this railroad and all its belongings was sold 
 to the Electric company and merged into its system of consolidated lines. 
 
 CITY RAILWAY COMPANY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The first public mention of this line as a coming project occurs in the 
 Pasadena JJyiion of August 27, 1886, which said of it : 
 
 " The main line is to go up into the Arroyo Seco canyon, where it will 
 connect with three different pack trails to the top of the mountains — the 
 Switzer trail, which follows the same grand canyon ; the Giddings trail, 
 which is to go up through the Millard canyon and return on the outer face 
 of the mountain ; and the Owen Brown trail, which goes up west of Millard 
 canyon." [See pages 403, 404 for account of these trails.] 
 
 The Unio7t of November 13 mentions that A. J. Painter had obtained 
 the franchise for this road; the iron was bought and would be on the ground 
 in a few days ; and it was expected that cars would be running from the 
 corner of Raymond Avenue and Colorado street to the Painter Hotel at 
 North Pasadena in thirty days. The route described at this date was the 
 same as where the line was afterward built, via Raymond Avenue, Chestnut 
 street and Fair Oaks Avenue clear up to Mount View cemetery. The com- 
 pany was incorporated November 17, 1886, with the following board of 
 directors : A. J. Painter, C. W. Buchanan, Geo. D. Patten, John H. 
 Painter, Delos Arnold, W. vS. Holland. Capital stock, $50,000; amount 
 subscribed, $4,500. A. J. Painter was chosen treasurer and general man- 
 ager. A prelude to the building of this road was the opening, straightening 
 and grading of Fair Oaks Avenue from Chestnut to Illinois street, which 
 was done by a syndicate with M. D. and A. J. Painter at its head, in May 
 and June, 1886. [See page 356.] The road was completed as far north as 
 Washington street and opened for public travel the second week in Febru- 
 ary,. 1887. It was subsequently extended eastward on Washington street 
 to Eos Robles Avenue ; northward on Fair Oaks Avenue to Mountain View 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 437 
 
 cemetery ; and westward to Devil's Gate — this latter branch being operated 
 by a steam dummy motor for some months, at a loss to the company, and 
 was finally abandoned. The cemetery branch also never paid running 
 expenses, although car service once a day, and twice on Sunday, was kept 
 up until 1894, when the whole business was sold to the Pasadena and lyOS 
 Angeles Electric Railway Co., and merged into their general combination. 
 
 THE HIGHLAND RAILROAD. 
 
 The Pasadetia Union "Supplement" of date April 23, 1886, refers to 
 an article in their paper about eight months previously in regard to reach- 
 ing the top of the mountains by way of I,as Flores canyon, and says : 
 
 "We showed that the water coming down the canyon could be utilized 
 to drive the machinery for a cable road. * * A vertical fall can be ob- 
 tained of any amount from one hundred to three hundred feet ; and it is 
 not impossible that with this power a cable road or elevator viay be carried to the 
 top of the tnoimtaiyis'^ as well as for the down slope line. Our article was the 
 first public suggestion that such a thing was within bounds of practical possi- 
 bility, and most people laughed at it as a purely visionary scheme ; but now 
 measures are in progress to make it a reality." 
 
 Then nothing more appears in regard to this road until June 11, when 
 the Union says : 
 
 " On Wednesday George A. Swartwout secured the franchise for the cable 
 railroad up Prospect Avenue (L,ake Avenue) to Las Flores canyon. At 
 Colorado street it will connect with the street railway, and at Olivewood 
 with the San Gabriel Valley Railroad, and at lyas Flores with a mountain 
 pack train, or eventually with some kind of mechanical up-you-go to the top 
 of the mountain." 
 
 The next mention occurs December 18, 1886, when the same paper says : 
 " The right-of-way has been secured for a street car line from Colorado 
 street along Euclid Avenue to Walnut street, thence along Eos Robles Ave- 
 nue to Villa street, along Villa to Eake Avenue, and up Eake Avenue to 
 the Highlands." 
 
 The chief promoter of this enterprise was George A. Swartwout, who 
 was then cashier and manager of the Pasadena National Bank. He owned 
 and resided on a small fruit farm on the east side of North Eake Avenue ; 
 through this he opened New York Avenue, running eastward from Eake 
 Avenue, and built the railroad up to this point. The Highland Railroad 
 Company was incorporated March 2, 1888. Its line was extended down 
 Broadway to Glenarm street near Raymond station ; and later it crossed from 
 Broadway to the Grand Opera House on Palmetto street, thence up Ray- 
 mond Avenue to Colorado street. But it was never a paying enterprise; 
 Mr. Swartwout lost all his property in the " boom," the road was taken by 
 his creditors and kept running just enough to hold the franchise. It was 
 
 *As "coming events cast their shadows before," so the Mount L,owe " Great Incline " was here 
 dimly previsioned six or seven years before its advent. Both this article and the one referred to were 
 written by Dr. H. A. Reid, who served as a sort of incognito assistant editor of the Union for a year or 
 two about that time. 
 
438 HISTORY OF PASADRNA. 
 
 finally sold to the Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric Railway Company in 
 1894,* 
 
 WEST PASADENA RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 This was a horse car line which extended from Fair Oaks Avenue west 
 on Colorado street to Vernon Avenue, thence north to Kensington Place, 
 thence west to Millard Avenue, thence north to Walnut street, thence west 
 to North Orange Grove Avenue, thence on Reservoir Terrace Drive around 
 to head of Park Avenue, thence down the Park Avenue grade to the Linda 
 Vista suspension bridge, thence across the Arroyo and following the same 
 avenue to Linda Vista. The road was built by the Yocums themselves, in 
 1887; but as other interests became involved with it the company was in- 
 corporated January 14, 1888. This railroad was one of the great "boom" 
 enterprises, and was so intimately connected with the Linda Vista and Park 
 Place land schemes of that time, that it is necessary to give some brief 
 account of them, in order to explain how and why such a completely wiped- 
 out railroad was ever built at all. 
 
 In October, 1886, J. D. Yocum subdivided his Linda Vista tract and 
 sold the south half of it, about 600 acres, to a syndicate for $40,000. They 
 went on improving and subdividing their land, but soon found almost im- 
 perative necessity for some better way of reaching it than by the old hilly 
 and stony wagon road across the Arroyo wash. Next, in November a 
 syndicate composed of H. W. Ogden, I. N. Mundell, Thomas F. Flynn, 
 and N. G. Vocum bought fifty- two acres of land on the reservoir terrace, 
 named it " Park Place," and went on laying out streets and drives, with 
 sightly residence lots for sale. And of this deal the Union of November 
 27, 1886, said : 
 
 ' ' It means improvements that will add greatly to the attractions of that 
 part of the city. * * The street car line projected by the Messrs. Yocum 
 and others to run to Linda Vista will pass through this tract, crossing the 
 Arroyo near where the barn now stands. ' ' 
 
 This company, with Mundell as president and Flynn as secretary, 
 opened business for sale of their lots January ist, 1887, and advertised that 
 this street car line was then being built. To make the Park Avenue grade 
 down the bluff was a protracted and costly job for private enterprise ; and 
 the combined wood and iron suspension bridge at its foot cost $8,ooo.t But 
 it was all done and the railroad built in connection with the speculative 
 "booming" of the Park Place lands and the Linda Vista lands. The 
 
 ♦After the above article was written. I received the following additional data from J. B. Young ; 
 " The old Highland Railroad Company was organized March 6, iSSS, with a capital stock of f 100,000. In- 
 corporators ; George A. Swartwout. J. B. Young, C. C. Thompson, K. T. Swartwout and N. L. Young, 
 George A. Swartwout, president ; J. B. Young, secretary ; Thompson, vice-president and general super- 
 intendent ; Pasadena National JJank, treasurer. This old company was al)andoned ; and a new High- 
 land Railroad Company organized October 21, iSSg. On March iS, 1S90, all property and franchises of the 
 company were sold to the Pasadena National Bank in settlement of all outstanding obligations of the 
 company." 
 
 tThis is a Pratt truss bridge of two spans, 120 feet each, and one span 140 feet — total, 380 feet; 
 roadway 18 feel wide, and 80 feet above the water bed. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 439 
 
 income of the road never paid running expenses, yet it was heroically kept 
 in operation three or four years, but had to be given up at last ; and in 1892 
 its iron rails were sold to Prof. Lowe and used by him on the lower trolly 
 section of the Mount L,owe Electric Railway. 
 
 AI.HAMBRA AND PASADENA STREET RAIL,WAY. 
 
 This line was built in January, February, 1887, by an Alhambra com- 
 pany, of which A. C. Weeks was president ; F. O. Story, treasurer ; C. T. 
 Adams, secretary. The road extended from the Southern Pacific depot at 
 Alhambra to the Raymond depot (Santa Fe route) in Pasadena, and was 
 thus operated for some months ; then trackage was secured on the Fair 
 Oaks avenue line up to Colorado street, and the Alhambra cars stopped at 
 and started from this central point for a period. But it was a losing enter- 
 prise from the first ; and in 1893 the company's own track was torn up and 
 sold, leaving no sign of its Pasadena history. 
 
 PASADENA AND LOS ANGELES ELECTRIC RAILROAD. 
 
 Incorporated in April, 1894. Its first members or directors were : 
 P. M. Green, L. P. Hansen, E. C. Webster, A. W. Roche, of Pasadena, 
 and E. P. Clark and Wm. Eacey of Eos Angeles. Its capital stock is 
 $500,000. 
 
 During 1894 this electric company bought up the four remaining horse 
 car lines in Pasadena, and proceeded to reorganize their trackage, and run- 
 ning time, etc., into a consolidated system. They built an electric line in 
 1894-95 which gave street car service direct, every twenty minutes, from 
 the Pasadena business center to the Eos Angeles business center as far south 
 as Fourth street. Also from Pasadena to Altadena for a direct connection 
 with the Mount Eowe Electric Railway. The company's ofiicers in 1894-95 
 were: Webster, president; Hansen, vice president ; M. E. Hammond, sec- 
 retary and treasurer ; E. P. Clark, general manager. 
 
 THE FIRST ELECTRIC CAR 
 Ever run in Pasadena was a trial trip made in the night of February 19, 
 1895 ; and the Eos Angeles Times correspondence of February 20, said : 
 "At 7:30 o'clock this morning the car, propelled by electricity from the Los 
 Angeles power house, began making regular trips on Fair Oaks Avenue be- 
 tween Columbia street and the Throop Institute." But it was over two 
 months before the line was completed through between the two cities, and 
 meanwhile the " Pasadena loop " car connected with a 'bus running between 
 Columbia street and Garvanza, which met at the latter place the electric car 
 from Los Angeles. Then in the night of April 20 the first electric car that 
 passed over the whole line from Los Angeles to Pasadena was run through ; 
 and of this event the Star said : 
 
 " Among citizens who had the privilege of making this first trip from 
 Los Angeles were E. C Webster, Hon. Jas. McLachlan, E. E. Jones and 
 
44© HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Frank J. PoUey. Chief Engineer Larrabee and the bridge contractor were 
 also passengers. Mr. Clark, the general manager, came up as far as Gar- 
 vanza. ' ' 
 
 But the South Pasadena viaduct and trolley posts were not yet safe for 
 passenger service ; and the Pasadena power-house was not ready to steam 
 up, even for trial, until April 26. On May i it was ready to pump light- 
 ning from Garvanza up around the ' ' Pasadena loop' ' ; and the line was on 
 that day opened for complete electric rides between the two cities. This 
 power house has two engines one of 450 and one of 250 horse power, 
 with dynamos to match. 
 
 The same compan}^, or an allied one, is building an electric road from 
 IvOS Angeles to Santa Monica — so that in 1896 there will be a continuous 
 line of electric railroad from the mountain tops to the sea shore, directly 
 through Pasadena. 
 
 MOUNT I^OWE ELECTRIC RAILWAY. 
 
 See Chapter 23. 
 
 RAMONA AND PASADENA RAILROAD [Southern Pacific\. 
 
 In 1888-89 ^ narrow-gauge rapid transit railroad was built from Los 
 Angeles to Monrovia, passing through Ramona, and a branch of it was ex- 
 tended from Ramona up to the south city line of Pasadena near Raymond 
 station. The track was laid, and an empty train run on it daily for a few 
 months to hold the franchise, although no terminal station was ever reached 
 or built. But it was " paying too dear for the whistle," and had to be given 
 up at last. The track lay idle, rotting and rusting until 1894, when the 
 line was bought by the Southern Pacific company ; and the old rails being too 
 light for their use, they were sold to the Pasadena and Ivos Angeles Electric 
 Railway Co., and used by them on their track in Pasadena. The S. P. 
 Co. built into Pasadena over this line, and up Broadway to Colorado street ; 
 and the Daily Star of June i^, 1895, contained this item : 
 
 "The Southern Pacific line to Pasadena was dedicated to travel this 
 morning by the departure of the Throop excursion to Santa Monica. About 
 200 passengers, largely students, went down. Six handsome cars were sent 
 up for their accommodation." 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 Thk Mount Lowe Railway. — Early Plans and Projects for Reaching the Mountain 
 Tops. — Sundry Railroad Schemes. — Macpherson's the first bona fide Survey. — Prof. 
 Lowe takes hold. — The Naming of Mount Lowe. — The Railroad's Corporate Name. 
 — Pasadena's Mount Lowe Celebration. — Honors and Wealth Fairly Won. — Rubio 
 Farm. — The McPherson Trestle. — Gov. Markham's Bear vStory. — Electric Power 
 Generators. — Altitudes. — The Observatory. 
 
 THE MOUNT LOWE RAILROAD. 
 I find no evidence that the Spanish occupants of this country ever made 
 any attempt to reach the tops of the mountains for any aesthetic, scientific, 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 44I 
 
 or health-restoring objects — never for the glorious outlook or the exhilarat- 
 ing ozone. And even their hunting seems to have been limited to the 
 mesas and canyons — never pushed to the mountain summits, for they were 
 a race of horse-riders, "born in the saddle" as it were, and not sturdy, 
 rugged climbers afoot, like the Yankees who supplanted them. The first 
 attempt ever made to construct any sort of a roadway to the mountain top 
 was by Hon. B. D. Wilson, early in 1864. [See page 395.] This was for 
 bicsiness, not sentiment ; and the first recorded trip of " sentiment " up there 
 was made by Wm. McKee (private tutor of Mr. Wilson's children) in April 
 in that year. He says — " I was anxious to go to the top of the mountaiyi .' ' 
 The trail was only finished to the half-way house ; but by clambering along 
 and leading their horses they managed to reach the top, and here he ex- 
 claims, "Oh, how beautiful!" And thus the era of mountain-climbing 
 sentiment dawned in Pasadenaland. Theirs were the first horses ever known 
 to have made the ascent. They stayed there over night at the Mount Wil- 
 son spring, of which he wrote 23 years afterward: " I thought then and 
 do still that that water was the best I ever tasted in my life." More senti- 
 ment, again. That same spring is still there, at the place known as 
 " Strain's camp." This trail was the only means of reaching the mountain 
 summit by horse or mule-back until the Toll Road was built, in 1887-88. 
 
 The mountain-climbing sentiment did not develop to any great extent 
 until after the settlement of Pasadena, and after the tourist business began 
 to show inklings of the phenomenal growth and extent to which it has since 
 attained. The old " Wilson trail," the foot or starting point of which was 
 eight or nine miles from Pasadena, was the only route available for gratify- 
 ing this sentiment ; and in the Valley Union of October 16, 1885, Dr. Reid 
 strongly advocated a new route of ascent by way of Las Flores canyon, and 
 said, "This would be the shortest and most direct route to the top of the 
 mountains that can be made from L,os Angeles, ' ' etc. ; and the route he then 
 suggested was within a few hundred yards, or in fact partly the same, 
 where the Mount lyOwe railroad was ultimately built. In the same article 
 Dr. Reid .said : 
 
 ' ' Within the next six months there will be a thousand people in L,os 
 Angeles who would willingly pay five dollars for a trip to the top of the 
 mountains. Nine out of ten of the winter visitors to this coast have just as 
 strong a desire to go to the top of the mountains as they have to go to the 
 sea-shore. ' ' 
 
 From this time onward the air was full of projects for some more di- 
 rect and easy way to ascend the mountains ; and in his descriptive pam- 
 phlet, with eighteen beautiful full-page lithographic illustrations for Pasa- 
 dena, published in 1886, T. P. Lukens said : 
 
 " Several of our enterprising citizens, among whom is Mr. R. Williams, 
 have secured 320 acres of land at Wilson's Peak, embracing some of the 
 finest timber tracts in the mountains, and have made arrangements for build- 
 
442 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 iiig thereto a four-foot wide horse trail. * -^^ It is further proposed to 
 put up a hotel in the park, and eventually to run a cog-wheel railroad to it 
 from Pasadena." 
 
 Another mention of this scheme occurs in the Valley Union of Ma}' i6, 
 which says : 
 
 ' ' It is the plan of the company to make as soon as practicable a new 
 trail by waj^ of Eaton canyon, so as to start up directly from Pasadena, * 
 
 * and they intend ultimately to have a cable railroad from bottom to 
 top, operated by the water on their own lands above the clouds." 
 
 The Union of June i8 contained another article on the subject by Dr. 
 Reid, in which he said : 
 
 " There is a good deal of popular interest in Pasadena 's mountain climb- 
 ing railroad projects, and everybody wants to know how the thing can be 
 done. There are at least five available plans for operating such roads. 
 First, the cable road, the same as those on Second and Temple streets in Los 
 Angeles. Second, a single cable to draw a car up by winding around a 
 windlass at the mountain top. Third, a double track and double cable on 
 windlass, so that one car or train will go down as the other goes up. All 
 these imply stationary power of water or steam engine. Fourth, a central 
 cog-rail in which a cog-wheel plays from the car-axle, driven by locomotive 
 engine. This, of course, would require a lighter grade than any of the 
 cable plans. Fifth, an ordinary railroad with zig-zag and tunnel-loop track 
 to make the climb. This last could be operated without change of cars 
 from Los Angeles to mountain top, but would be slow and tedious on the 
 zig-zag part of the climb, and more costly to build. Either one of these five 
 ways are practicable here.* It is only a question of money — or which plan 
 will cost the least to build and operate it." 
 
 [See article on the ' ' Mount Wilson Toll Road ' ' for further particulars 
 about this matter.] The original company never did any practical work to- 
 wards either a bridle road, a wagon road, or a railroad. Its engineers were 
 kept busy surveying the various claims taken by them (for it was unsurveyed 
 government land) until the whole scheme failed for want of financial bottom. 
 The field was, therefore, still open for a railroad to the mountain top, for no 
 man had yet grasped the thing with the bull-dog grip of success. But now, 
 in January, 1890, Mr. D.J. Macpherson of Pasadena went into the mount- 
 ains with a few assistants and made \}ol^ first bona fide survey that was ever 
 made in California for a railroad to the mountain tops. However, he had 
 been making previous preliminary observations and studying the problem 
 alone during nearly a year before this, for the Pasadena Standard of March 
 2, 1889, said : 
 
 " D. J. Macpherson is prospecting a route by way of Las Flores and 
 Rubio canyons. * * * The cog-wheel railroad is the most feasible 
 scheme yet broached, and from the present terminus of the Altadena rail- 
 road and the Highland hor.se-car line right up the face of the mountain 
 where Sam Correll and his mule proposed to go, is the shortest, most direct, 
 and best-for-Pasadena route for the cog-road." 
 
 ♦Electricity was not a proved success at this time, for ordinary street car ser\'ice— and had not even 
 been thought of for a mountain railroad. 
 
DIVISION SIX — ^BUSINKSS. 443 
 
 I must here explain about "Sam Correll. ' When in 1885 Dr. Reid ad- 
 vocated by articles in the Valley Union the I^as Floras canyon route for a 
 road to the mountain top, as a better thing for Pasadena than a road to Wil- 
 son's peak, the I^as Flores ascent was objected to as being impracticable ; 
 but Samuel E. Correll, who had been up that way several times, made a 
 challenge that ' 'he could take a loaded burro and start from lyas Flores in the 
 morning, with only a hand-axe to cut his way, and by night he and the 
 burro would be at the top. ' ' His proposed route for this test was up to the 
 spur where Echo Mountain House now stands, and thence to the pine crest 
 of Echo ampitheater. But before this, old Dr. B. A. Wright had ridden a 
 horse up the west wall of Las Flores canyon to a point or ledge of rocks 
 called " Jacob's ladder," which was just about as high as Echo Mountain. 
 However, nothing ever came ot these adventures. 
 
 Mr. Macpherson's actual first survey for any sort of mountain railroad 
 was his own individual project, on a street car plan, with a grade of seven 
 and a half to eight per cent., to be operated by traction motor cars, so con- 
 structed that all wheels should be drive-wheels.* He commenced his sur- 
 vey at Altadena and ran up into Rubio canyon on substantially the same 
 line where the Mount Eowe Electric railroad is now in successful operation. 
 But at that time [January, 1890] the name " Mount Lowe" had never been 
 heard of, though now familiar around the world ; and electricity for oper- 
 ating railroads was not then a well established success. At a point a little 
 below where Rubio Pavilion now stands he crossed to the east side of the 
 canyon and pursued a winding way eastward along the ins and outs of the 
 face of the mountain to Eaton canyon, then up its west wall to a point far 
 above Eaton Falls, into the northwest part of Grand Basin, and so on 
 around, making a total distance of twelve miles to Wilson's Peak or "Har- 
 vard Telescope point, "--for no one had succeeded yet in breaking away from 
 "Wilson's Peak" as the objective point for any sort of roadway to the 
 mountain top. (This was partly due to the fact that there was here a 
 bountiful spring nearer to the summit than anywhere else in the entire 
 range.) He ran his lines, set his stakes, projected his curves, noted cuts and 
 fills for earthwork and rock work, made his estimates of cost, prepared his 
 profile map, with plans and specifications, and so went into the capital 
 market with something definite and tangible to show for his project. And 
 this is the shape the matter was in when Prof. Lowe was first induced to 
 give it any practical attention — 1890-91. 
 
 * Surveyor D. J. Macpherson with six assistants started last Monday to make survey, set stakes, re- 
 cord field notes, and prepare profile of route, statement of cuts, fills, bridges, culverts, tunnels if any be 
 necessary, and all the facts and data for a detailed estimate of cost to build a narrow gauge railroad from 
 the Altadena station on I^ake Avenue to Wilson's Peak. It is believed that a route can be found with a 
 grade of 8 per cent., or a rise of 424 feet per mile ; and a car can be built to carry its boiler, engine, coal 
 and water supply, and load of passengers all resting on the drive wheels, so that it can easily climb an 
 8 per cent grade by ordinary traction. Mr. Macpherson is in the field for business, and his project looks 
 the most like " getting there " of anything that has yet been attempted.— /^a^arf^wa Standard, February 
 
444 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 PROF. LOWE TAKES HOLD. 
 
 Prof. lyowe was born and raised amid the mountains of New Hampshire; 
 he was a natural lover of mountains ; and the more he investigated and 
 thought about this mountain railroad project the more it grew upon him, 
 until it became at last the crowning purpose of his life — for in connection 
 with it as a mere business enterprise he also conceived a higher and grander 
 purpose in the interests of science to which it could be made eminently sub- 
 servient, so that one feature could aid the other, and thus make a double sue. 
 cess in a double service to mankind, above and beyond any other mountain rail- 
 road on the face of the earth. He soon discovered, however, tljat the terminal 
 grounds on Mount Wilson were parceled and staked and held by various 
 claimants who had only the narrowest cent-per-cent ideas of the project, and 
 who imagined vain things as to the absolute necessity that any road which 
 might be built must come to their grounds a^iyzvay. This would greatly em- 
 barrass and hinder the loftier objects he had in view, unless he should buy 
 out all their claims at boom -bubble prices. Meanwhile he pushed investi- 
 gations as to elevation, water supply, and possible accessibility of other 
 mountain eminences nearer to Pasadena, and more conspicuously in view 
 from its multitude of lovely homes. In regard to this period I quo^e here 
 from a pamphlet by Prof. G. Wharton James, entitled "The Pasadena 
 Mountain Railway," published in 1893, page 12 : 
 
 " In the latter part of 1890 he placed a corps of engineers in the field 
 to make thorough surveys. The engineers were instructed to examine all 
 desirable peaks. And with a persistenc}^ which to the skilled engineers 
 seemed nothing less than stubborn obstinacy. Professor Lowe kept them 
 engaged month after month, urging them to exercise their utmost endeavors 
 to devise a method of scaling the (to them) unscalable mountain, whilst he 
 himself bent his own trained energies and powers of observation to the 
 work. And as the result of his personal labor and unwearied determination, 
 he was at last able to point out a simple, effective and perfectly safe method 
 of overcoming the chief difficulty in the way of reaching Mount L,owe, 
 which, when seen, was immediately approved and endorsed by the highest 
 engineering authorities. The new survey was undertaken and pushed to its 
 completion with almost incredible speed ; and to the astonishment of all 
 concerned, it not only was found that the ascent to Mount lyOwe could be 
 made with ease, but that — with the exception of the one steep climb which 
 the Echo Mountain Cable overcomes in six minutes — in no place would the 
 grade exceed the slight rise of seven and a half per cent. This new route 
 also revealed further possibilities not before contemplated. It allows the 
 company to erect its stations and hotels at different altitudes to suit the 
 many and varying health-conditions required. The Rubio canyon pavilion 
 is the same height as the Catskill mountains hotels ; Echo Mountain House 
 is about the height of Mount Vesuvius ; Mount Lowe is the same altitude 
 as Colorado Springs and Mount Washington ; whilst Observatory [San 
 Gabriel] Peak compares in altitude with the Iron Springs hotel at Manitou, 
 Colorado . ' ' 
 
 From this time forward the work progressed steadily in grading and 
 
IC 1 tM PL!.— \\ Ksl -iiV-NoK 1 li VIEW. 
 
 [See page 507.] 
 
 kp;d-oak TREiv. [Qtiercits Agrifolia.\ 
 On Lower CJiange Grove Avenue. This is one oftlie two trees wliich decided Calvin I-letclier in localing 
 this Avenue so as to save them (roni being " cleared ofT." [See pa^e 361— Orange Grove Avenue.) 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 445 
 
 building the railroad, building the hotels, constructing bridle roads, design- 
 ing and establishing novel features to attract visitors, and finally the great 
 searchlight* at the zoological garden, the well-equipped observatory, the 
 printing outfit where the Daily Afoujit Lowe Echo is printed in the highest 
 style of typographic and photo-engraving art ; and other details, a full 
 account of all which would require a volume by itself. When Prof. 
 I^owe had finally decided on the " Great Incline" project, and to build his 
 road to the summit now called Mount lyowe [then known to old settlers as 
 "Oak Mountain"] instead of to Wilson's Peak, a force of men was promptly 
 put upon the grading work, both for the Rubio trolly section and the Echo 
 Mountain cable section, this latter being definitely commenced April 12, 
 1892, with D. J. Macpherson as engineer in charge of all surveys and con- 
 struction work. Thus Macpherson 's long dream of a mountain-climbing 
 railroad went on to realization : not exactly after his own original plan, but 
 as a direct outcome by genetic succession and "modification of species" 
 from it — a clear case of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest — 
 an impressive rescript and geneagraph in the law of evolution. [See cut on 
 page 409.] 
 
 THE NAMING OF MOUNT LOWE. 
 
 On September 24, 1892, Prof. Lowe led a company of friends on the 
 first ascent ever made on horseback to the summit of Oak Mountain — 6, 100 
 feet above sea-level, or 300 feet higher than Wilson's peak — and first raised 
 the American flag there. The persons accompanying him were : Chas. A. 
 Gardner, editor Pasadena Daily Star ; T. W. Brotherton, president Citizens 
 Bank, Los Angeles ; C. W. Brown, vice-president Pasadena National Bank ; 
 Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas of the Pasadena Improvement Co. ; Mr. Randall of Los 
 Angeles ; T. W. Parkes, architect ; Master Willard Brotherton ; and Thad- 
 deus Lowe, Jr. The guests understood that this great mountain, the highest 
 of the Sierra Madres that can be seen from Pasadena, had never been 
 named; and by spontaneous, unanimous and enthusiastic impulse they 
 proceeded to christen it "Mount Lowe," the name by which in two years 
 its fame encircled the globe, and will go down to remotest history. f 
 
 *" On Echo Mountain is the World's Fair searchlight — a monster 3,000,000 candle power electric 
 light, almost half as large again as any other searchlight in existence. The beam of light is so powerful 
 that a newspaper can be read at a distance of thirty-five miles [?] in its light, and almost nightly its far- 
 reaching rays illuminate the streets of Pasadena and Los Angeles and light up broad stretches of the 
 \2k\\&y ." — Pasadena Star, Decejuber 2g, 18^4. 
 
 + The Auglaize, Ohio, Republican of December i, 1892, contained a long letter from Los Angeles, 
 written by some one who was a member of this historic christening party, and from it I preserve the 
 following : "It was discovered that until this time this giant peak, the monarch of the Sierra Madres, was 
 unnamed. One of the party suggested, that whereas Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, the great scientist, had first 
 ridden to the top, had made the first trail to its lofty summit, was the first man to have planted the stars 
 and stripes on its highest point, and was the first mail to conceive the project of reaching its dizzy height 
 with a railroad and with courage and means to put such a project into execution, as was now being done, 
 no more fit and appropriate name could be given this mountain than the name of" Mount Lowe." 
 The motion to so name it was put and carried without a dissenting voice; and so there above the clouds 
 it was named, and will continue to be named when every one of the party present at the christening 
 shall have been laid away in mother earth, and generations yet unborn will trace its rugged outlines on 
 their physical geography and call it Mount Lowe. Andrew McNally, the greal Chicago map publisher, 
 who owns a beautiful residence and grounds near its base, says the name given is so appropriate that 
 " Mount Lowe " it shall be called on their next maps." 
 
446 
 
 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 
 V^' 
 
 ■'*^ 
 
 .^' 
 
 ~" In building the Rubio 
 
 trolly section, there were 
 some points so precipitous 
 that workmen had to be 
 let down and supported by 
 ropes from above for 
 several days, before they 
 could excavate a standing 
 place on the cliff or cut a 
 path along its rocky face ; 
 and it required eight 
 months of steady work, by 
 all the men that could be 
 put on it to advantage, to 
 prepare the Great Incline 
 grade ready for the ties. 
 The first time the Great 
 Incline cable was moved 
 by electricity, being also 
 the first event of its kind 
 in the world, was on June 
 21, 1893. The first regu- 
 lar passenger cars from 
 Altadena to Rubio Pavil- 
 ion were run on June 29 — 
 opening day ; and the first 
 passenger trips made on 
 the Great Incline occurred 
 July 4, 1893.* From this time forward the line was regularly open to 
 Echo Mountain ; and passage from there to summit of Mount Lowe was 
 made by saddle animals. 
 
 November 10, 1893, the Echo Mountain postoffice was authorized, with 
 daily mail service. f Also a public telephone station, an express office and a 
 Notary Public were added to the conveniences. And on Monday, March 
 1 2th, the Daily Moiait Lome Echo commenced its regular daily issue; a 
 weekly edition was issued on Saturdays, the first one being dated March 17, 
 
 *The Pasadena Daily S/ar said : " When the first passenger car asceiulert the great cable incline 
 of the Mount Lowe railway on Saturday the band rendered the music of " Nearer Mv God to Thee ;" 
 and Mrs. Jeanne C Carr, being asked for a sentiment appropriate to the occasion, broke out into poetry 
 as follows : .. Praise God from whom all blessings flow. 
 
 And also praise Professor Lowe." 
 
 The Mount Lowe Echo credits Comrade John H. Stiiutz with buying the first ticket ever sold to go 
 np the Great Incline. He had been a soldier musician in the loth Pennsylvania Reserves and in the 
 191 Pennsylvania Veterans ; and on this occasion he plaved some war-time tunes on the identical old fife 
 which he was using in the army at the same time that Prof. Lowe was serving as chief aeronaut to the 
 U. S. Army. 
 
 t Postmaster George I". Kernaghan of Pasadena yesterday acted as official representative of the 
 United States government in establishing a postoffice on Echo mountain, with Prof T. S. C. Lowe as 
 postmaster.— Z^oj Angeles Herald, Feb. to, iS<).f. 
 
 THE GREAT INCLINE. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 447 
 
 1894. In September the great searchlight was put in place, and commenced 
 its spookish peering into everybody's windows by night, for twenty or thirty 
 miles around ; and during the same month the temporary observatory was 
 completed and opened to visitors, in charge of Prof. lycwis Swift, the famous 
 comet discoverer from Rochester, N. Y. On November 24th occurred the 
 formal opening of the newly completed Echo Mountain Hotel, with a grand 
 banquet held there by the bankers of Southern California — a fraternity in 
 which Prof. Lowe himself stands well to the front. 
 
 THE CORPORATE NAME. 
 The "Pasadena and Mount Wilson Railway Company" was incor- 
 porated June 3, 1 89 1, with the following officers : 
 
 President, T. S. C. Lowe, Prest. Los Angeles Safe Deposit and Trust Co. 
 Vice-President, Hon. P. M. Green, Prest. First National Bank, Pasadena. 
 Secretary, A. P. West, Cashier Columbia Savings Bank, Los Angeles. 
 Treasurer, T. W. Brotherton, Prest. Citizens Bank, Los Angeles. 
 
 ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 Hon. H. H. Markham, Governor of California. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Medill, editor Chicago Tribune. 
 
 Hon. A. G. Throop, founder of Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena. 
 
 Andrew McNally, of the great Chicago map publishing house. 
 
 T. D. Stimson, President Columbia Savings Bank, Los Angeles. 
 
 G. G. Green, proprietor of Hotel Green, Pasadena. 
 
 J. W. Hugus, President National Bank of RawHns, Wyoming. 
 
 C. W. Brown, Vice-President Pasadena National Bank. 
 
 A. C. Armstrong, capitalist, Altadena. 
 
 T. P. Lukens, President Pasadena National Bank. 
 Capital stock, 6,000 shares of $100 each, or $600,000. 
 As events developed, the corporate name soon became a misnomer — for, 
 as before explained, Mount Wilson dropped entirely out of the reckoning ; 
 and in Prof. James's pamphlet of 1893 it is, with full consent of the Com- 
 pany, called the " Pasadena Mountain Railway." But later it was re-incor- 
 porated as the " Mount Lowe Railway Co." — a more brief, convenient and 
 correctly descriptive title, and by this fitter name it goes down to history. 
 
 PASADENA'S MOUNTAIN RAILROAD CELEBRATION. 
 
 The first time the city council of Pasadena ever officially proclaimed 
 and set apart a public holiday of their very own, was August 23, 1893 — 
 and this was in honor of Prof. Lowe, and the opening to the public of his 
 great Electric Mountain Railroad resort. The city had held "railroad 
 opening" celebrations twice before, but none to compare in magnitude, 
 enthusiasm and splendor with this one. It was like 4th-of-July and 
 National Thanksgiving day and Tournament of Roses all happily fused into 
 one superlative demonstration. The streets were thronged to a jam with a 
 great public parade, in which the city with one unanimous impulse outdid 
 all its former effiarts at festive jubilation. The arrangements were made by 
 the Board of Trade, and carried out jointly with the city authorities. 
 
448 HI.STORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Prof. Lowe was accompanied by Gov. Markham, Mayor O. F. Weed, 
 and A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., in a carriage ; and in the grand escort procession 
 the place of honor at the head was accorded to the old soldiers (G. A. R.) 
 committee, consisting of Post Commander W. J. Barcus, R. H. Williams, 
 A. Iv. Petrie, Benjamin Jarvis, A. M. Elson, and Hon. C. M. Simpson. 
 The city marshal, John T. Buchanan, was grand marshal of the parade, 
 with numerous aids. The speechmaking and indoor program was held in 
 the Tabernacle, which had been elegantly and appropriately decorated by Dr. 
 F. F. Rowland, C. H. Hovey of the Raymond nurseries, and others who 
 lent a hand ; and the great building was thronged to the last inch of squeez- 
 ing in that was possible. Hon. P. M. Green was president of the day ; 
 Rev. J. B. Stewart, D. D., chaplain ; editor Charles A. Gardner, poet ; and 
 Prof. O. W. Kyle, mu.sic director. And special committees had charge of 
 various parts of the day's doings. (In the evening a grand banquet was 
 given at Hotel Green.) From the many speeches at the Tabernacle I quote 
 from the Daily Star's report a few passages for historic preservation. Hon. 
 P. M. Green said : 
 
 "The railfoad, the opening of which we meet to celebrate today," 
 added Mr. Green, " is so unique in its general character and design, so bold 
 in its conception, and in itself such a triumph of engineering construction 
 and skill, as to challenge our unbounded admiration. This celebration com- 
 memorates the most important event in the history of Pasadena. The Mount 
 lyOwe railway has the distinction of being one of three mountain railroads 
 proper in the United States and the rare distinction of being the first and 
 only one operated by electricity. It had been the good fortune of the 
 speaker to know something of Prof Lowe's enterprise from the .start and to 
 remember with what .scorn and incredulity his proposition to l)uild a road 
 into the mountains was first received. They overlooked the fact that the 
 projector of this enterprise was no ordinar}^ railroad builder, but a scholar, 
 engineer and .scientist all combined, fully acquainted with the silent, power- 
 ful and occult forces of nature. 
 
 "After dwelling upon the toil and anxiety attendant upon carrying for- 
 ward this great project, Mr. Green referred to the financial difficulties of the 
 undertaking, in surmounting which Prof. Lowe had thrown his own private 
 fortune into the scale and overcome every obstacle, bravely winning the 
 right to be regarded as one of the ablest financiers in the land." 
 
 Gov. H. H. Markham said : 
 
 " Our honored guest has completed a railroad almost entirely with his 
 own means ; certain it is, he has had to place himself responsible for every 
 dollar it has cost. None of us can fully appreciate what Prof Lowe has 
 done and isstill doing for Pasadena and Los Angeles comity, nor can we appre- 
 ciate the time, energy, patience, intelligence, and financial outlay incident to 
 the successful completion of such a stupendous undertaking for a single in- 
 dividual. The idea of building a mountain road in Pasadena was not an 
 original idea with Prof. Lowe. No, there were several of us here who had 
 taken the subject up, had talked and talked about it, studied over it and 
 worked it out all of one winter ; and in the spring we talked it over again, 
 and virtually at last gave it up. Prof Lowe began to work and talk, and 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 449 
 
 talk and work ; and without a hitch or a halt he has succeeded in grandly 
 overcoming all obstacles, and today his work and his enterprise is crowned 
 with success." 
 
 Of Hon. A. G. Throop's address the Star says : 
 
 "The introduction of the venerable 'Father Throop ' was the signal 
 for a great outburst of applause, which continued for several seconds. He 
 made a characteristic oif-hand speech that evoked great laughter and much 
 applause, the leading theme of which was that it is the duty of every man 
 to do what he can for his fellow- men. He referred to Mrs. Lowe in highly 
 complimentary terms as the power behind the throne of her gifted husband,* 
 and made some humorous allusions to the blessings of the married state that 
 aroused general merriment. To those who had become frightened over the 
 financial stringency he proffered the advice that they take their money out 
 of their old stockings and invest it in the bonds of the Mount Lowe railway. 
 The building of a great observatory on the mountain summit will follow, if 
 Prof. Lowe receives this sort of encouragement, and Pasadeda will lack 
 nothing to make it a perfect place of residence." 
 
 From Prof. Lowe's response I quote a few passages : 
 
 " It is a great satisfaction to myself and fellow- workers to feel that our 
 work has met with your approval. If anything will stimulate one to farther 
 exertions, your presence here today to celebrate what we have accomplished 
 will surely have the desired effect. * * When I first heard of Los 
 Angeles, Pasadena, and the great San Gabriel valley, I got the impression 
 that it was a vast plain with but few if any mountains near it ; but when in 
 the summer of '87 I first landed in Los Angeles I was struck with the extent 
 and beauty of the mountains, and my first ride was to Pasadena and the 
 foot-hills of the Sierra Madres. I was then fully impressed that it required 
 only the means of reaching the various interesting summits to. enable one to 
 enjoy all the atmospheric changes and temperatures that are usually sought 
 after by thousands of miles of travel, extending even to Europe and the 
 elevation of the Alps. It was with a full, open belief that the means of 
 scaling these mountains would soon be provided, that decided myself and 
 family to make our final home in this locality. 
 
 ' ' The railway to the mountains was even then being talked of, and a 
 small telescope, under the auspices of Harvard University, had proved the 
 superiority of the atmosphere on these summits for astronomical purposes. 
 I, at this time, had no idea of taking upon myself the whole labor and ex- 
 pense of building the road to the sum;mit of these or any other mountains ; 
 but always felt that when others would start such an enterprise, I would be 
 one to aid by making a liberal investment in the same. Consequently the 
 bulk of my fortune was invested in other enterprises before I fully decided 
 to build the road, the opening of which you are today so generously and 
 enthusiastically celebrating. Had I earlier decided to build this road entirely 
 with my own means, if necessary, I should have deferred investments in 
 other directions. Again I thank you for your aid and encouragement, and 
 trust my future work will meet with the same hearty approval as my past 
 efforts have by your demonstration today." 
 
 From an editorial in the Daily Star of same date I quote a few sentences 
 that should go into this permanent historic record : 
 
 •i-See article on "I.eontine Falls," page 3S2, for another mention of Mrs. Lowe's relation to the 
 great enterprise. 
 
 29 
 
450 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ' ' Half a dozen years ago Prof. Lowe came to this city to seek rest and 
 recuperation which its climate and inspiring surroundings promised. Feel- 
 ing rejuvenated after some months residence, he began to explore the 
 neighboring mountains, for he was born and spent his boyhood days on the 
 flanks of the White mountains of New Hamphire and acquired an absorbing 
 and legitimate passion for mountain scenery. * * At last he formed the 
 determination to give his friends and neighbors an opportunity to share with 
 him the magnificent new scenes visible from the summits of the Sierra Madre 
 mountains. * * He placed surveyors in the field to locate a feasible 
 route to the summit of a range higher than Mt. Wilson. They reported it 
 insurmountable for railway purposes. Prof. L,owe had been accustomed to 
 overcome what to others seemed insuperable obstacles. Nothing daunted by 
 adverse reports, he studied the topography of the mountain range himself, 
 and ascertained that if he could scale the steep promontory now so well 
 known as Echo Mountain, a practicable grade could be projected thence to 
 the highest summit. By a bold stroke of genius he made the very impedi- 
 ment placed in his path by nature contribute to a brilliant success. He 
 devised the electric cable incline, the only one in the world, by means of 
 which five miles of grading was saved to the company and an hour's time to 
 the traveler. Special machinery had to be planned for the enterprise ; and 
 numerous drawings were made, and altered, and revised, until at last the 
 company secured just what was wanted." 
 
 Two days after this Pasadena celebration, the Los Angeles Chamber of 
 Commerce testified its appreciation of the Mount Lowe Railway, as a mag- 
 nificent project of lasting benefit to Los Angeles and all Southern Cali- 
 fornia, by giving a grand banquet in Prof. Lowe's honor at Redondo. 
 
 HONORS AND WEALTH ALL 
 FAIRLY WON. 
 
 In an article on Prof. Lowe's 
 career the San Diego News con- 
 densed into good form, the four 
 great inventions upon which his 
 well-earned fame securely rests, 
 and I quote it here as a proper 
 part of this historic narrative : 
 
 1. He originated and organ- 
 ized the balloon corps of the U. 
 S. army, which did such efficient 
 service during the war of the 
 
 ( rebellion. By his method tele- 
 graphic connnunication between 
 the l)alloon and the earth was 
 established, so that the move- 
 ments of the enemy were imme- 
 diately known at headquarters, 
 even during the progress of battle. 
 
 2. He is the inventor of the 
 Compression System of artificially 
 
 
 '■•*" 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^tmflaRH 
 
 
 PROF. T. S. C. LOWE 1«y4. 
 
DIVISION vSIX — BUSINE.SvS. 45 I 
 
 manufacturing ice — a system which has completely revolutionized the distri- 
 bution of food supplies throughout the world. He was the first to demon- 
 strate how fruits and meats could be preserved fresh and transported any 
 distance ; and all the present methods employed in the manufacture of ice, 
 or artificial refrigeration, are but modifications of his patents, which origin- 
 ally covered the whole of the ground now occupied by these industries. 
 
 3. His invention of water gas for illumination, and the methods he 
 employed for its manufacture and distribution, etc., have made his name 
 familiar as household words, throughout the scientific world, for the "I^owe 
 process and machinery" are in use in almost every city ot any size in the 
 United States. 
 
 4. His crowning achievement has been the originating, designing and 
 building of the first electric mountain railway in the world. This last and 
 greatest success marks an epoch in mountain railway building, for no com- 
 pany will ever be found foolish and improvident enough to go back to the 
 old cumbersome, annoying and expensive method of a cog-wheeled locomo- 
 tive engine climbing slowly and wearily up a toothed rail, blowing smoke, 
 dust, ashes and grease fumes into the faces of passengers, when by the 
 IvOwe method of applying electricity and the cable, ease, comfort, safety and 
 inexpensiveness are insured. 
 
 RUBIO FARM. 
 
 The Mount lyOwe Railway Company owns a 300-acre farm which it 
 works as an adjunct to its hotels at Rubio Pavilion and on Echo Mountain. 
 With its own cows it supplies all the fresh milk, cream and butter required ; 
 its poultry yards wall supply all the eggs and chickens, etc. ; whilst its 
 orchards will give an abundant supply in season of oranges, pomegranates, 
 figs, lemons, guavas, loquats, peaches, apricots, cherries, persimmons, 
 apples, pears, plums, strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, raspberries, 
 etc. In the vineyard are table grapes of every variety, from the seedless 
 sultana to the muscat, black Hamburg and rose of Peru. Tomatoes, peas, 
 cucumbers, and all other table vegetables will be constantly growing and 
 will deck the table at all seasons of the year. — Mount Lowe Echo. 
 
 GREAT INCIvINE BRIDGE. 
 
 "This bridge, if placed on the level ground, would be one hundred 
 feet higher at one end than the other ; elsewhere, a pefect monstrosity in 
 appearance; here, appropriate to the road upon which we are climbing. 
 It receives its name of " Macpherson Trestle" from D. J. Macpherson, 
 Prof. Ivowe's engineer, and is a worthy tribute to his skill and practical 
 ability. It was planned and drawn by Mr. Macpherson, and the onerous and 
 important work of building it was successfully executed by Messrs. Carson 
 & Son of Pasadena. Mr. Carson is a relative of the celebrated government 
 scout, Kit Carson, whose monument at Santa Fe, N. M., is a worthy tribute 
 to his valuable services to the United States government. — Prof. G. Wharton 
 James. 
 
 GOV. markham's bear story. 
 
 Among local points named in the Mount Lowe literature is one called 
 
 "Grizzly point," the same that was flagged as Giddings peak, and a burro 
 
 trail made to it from Millard canyon, in 1887. But the name Grizzly point 
 
 comes from an adventure of five members of the " Pasadena Rifle team" in 
 
452 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1882, viz: David Townsend, H. H. Markham, Chas. H. Watts, E. G. 
 Halleck and Frank H. Heald. At Pasadena's great celebration of the 
 Mount Lowe railroad to Echo mountain, Gov. Markham told the story thus: 
 
 " In the spring of 1882, a small party of the bravest bear hunters in 
 Pasadena ( I was one of them) followed a grizzly bear from the base of the 
 mountains right up over much of the ground where Professor Lowe's 
 trails now lead from Echo mountain to Mount Lowe. We followed him 
 clean over the ridge and down into the deep canyon on the other side. 
 We were cautious hunters, and did not press the bear too closely ; but away 
 along in the afternoon he concluded to come back. As soon as we dis- 
 covered this, we wanted to come back too : and we started on ahead 
 of him on a run. In fact, we were not able to go half as fast as we 
 thought we ought to ; and when we reached Echo Mountain we would have 
 mortgaged all our earthly possessions for a trip down that Incline — indeed, I 
 believe we were all sufficiently frightened to have begged the conductor to 
 ad the cable and let the whole business slide, regardless of consequences. I 
 tell you, this Incline will be a great comfort to bear hunters — of our make- 
 up. (Great laughter.) " 
 
 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS. 
 
 The Mount Lowe Echo gave the following particulars : 
 
 ' ' There are several power generators on the system — one of 1 50 horse- 
 power capacity at Altadena Junction, one of 50 horse-power at Cabrillo 
 Heights, one of 150 horse-power, two of 50 horse-power and one of 30 horse- 
 power capacity at Rubio Pavilion, one of 75 horse-power and one of 35 
 horse-power on Echo mountain.* The generator at Altadena is operated by 
 two 60 horse-power Otto gas engines ; that at Cabrillo Heights by a Pelton 
 water wheel, which receives its impulsion by the flow of water from the 
 Rubio Pavilion reservoir. This is filled by the flow from Echo mountain, 
 1 400 feet above, which first operates the 1 50 horse-power generator of Rubio 
 Pavilion, ere it goes on its further career of usefulness to Cabrillo Heights. 
 The three small generators of Rubio Pavilion are all worked by water 
 power through Pelton wheels, which is piped from Mirror lake in Rubio 
 canyon. The motor of the Great Cable Incline is so arranged as to receive 
 its power from either the gas engines at Altadena or the water wheel at 
 Rubio Pavilion." 
 
 In August, 1895, the upper trolley .section from ICcho mountain, four 
 miles up to Crystal springs and the Alpine Club hou.se, was opened for travel. 
 This piece of road startles and amazes and charms the traveler with the as- 
 tounding audacity of its engineering feats, and the consummate grandeur of 
 scenic pro.spect revealed at each exploiture of salient recurves. [See 
 " Alpine P'alls," "Chapman's Glen," etc., page 385.] 
 
 *A later account says these engines are fired with gas piped up from Prof. Lowe's Pasadena city gas 
 works, from which source also the Echo Mountain house is completely furnished with gas burners as 
 well as electric lights. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 
 
 453 
 
 Mount Vesuvius 
 
 Great Circular 
 bridge.withcaron it 
 
 Upper or third lap 
 of Alpine trolly 
 line, goinK north 
 
 Mission Hills 
 
 San Gabriel Valley 
 
 K( ho Mountain 
 House 
 
 Los Flores Canyon 
 
 First or lower lap of 
 the Alpine trolly 
 line, goinii north- 
 
 Giddings Trs 
 Can yon 
 
 hue, e"'":; suutheast 
 VIEW ON ALPINE DIVISION OF THE MOUNT LOWE ELECTRIC RAILWAY. 
 Photo in August, 1S95. 
 
 ALTITUDES. Above Sea Level. 
 
 lyos Angeles, at Terminal depot, First street 270 
 
 Pasadena 850 
 
 Altadena Junction i ,550 
 
 Rubio Pavilion 2,200 
 
 Grand Rotunda p'atform at Thalehaha Falls 2,800 
 
 Echo Mountain House 3. 500 
 
 Crystal Springs 5 , 000 
 
 Summit of Mount L,owe 6,100 
 
 Summit of Observatory Peak [San Gabriel Peak] 6,723 
 
 Mount Wilson, at "Harvard Telescope point " (Prof. Picker- 
 ing' s measurement) '. 5,565 
 
 Henniger 's flat 2, 200 
 
454 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The grade of the Great lucline is at first sixty per cent., then sixty- 
 two, then fifty-eight, then forty-eight per cent. It is practically a hotel ele- 
 vator out of doors, and is the longest and highest one in the world. 
 
 During the first year that it was open this mountain railroad reported 
 nearly 60,000 passengers carried between Altadena and Rubio Pavilion. 
 
 THE OBSERVATORY. 
 
 From the annual holiday number of the Pasadena Star, 1894-95, I 
 quote this : 
 
 ' ' The Mount Lowe observatory is in charge of Dr. Lewis Swift, late of 
 the Warner Observatory at Rochester, N. Y., who is ably seconded in his 
 astronomical work by his son Edward. Dr. Swift is the great comet finder 
 of the world, and his son recently achieved fame for himself and the Mount 
 Lowe Observatory b}^ discovering another of these celestial wanderers. The 
 observatory' is equipped with a sixteen-inch telescope and several smaller 
 ones, besides a full complement of other astronomical and scientific instru- 
 ments. It is located on the mountain slope, about a quarter of a mile above 
 Echo Mountain House. It is a handsome and convenient structure, having 
 three other rooms besides the dome-crowned observing room. This observa- 
 tory is to be erected ultimately on the highest of the three crests of Mount 
 Lowe — the monarch of the Sierra Madres. " 
 
 Echo Mountain Hotel. — See chapter 24 — article on "Pasadena's 
 Historic Hotels." 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 Industries. — Canneries and Dneries. — Manufactories. — Poultry and Ostrich Farms. 
 — Electric Light and Gas Works. — Olive Company. — Orange Packeries. — Grand 
 Opera House. — Oil Well. — Mountain View Cemetery. — Hospital. 
 
 The Five Historic Hotels. 
 
 FRUIT INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Wallace's Cannery. — ^Joseph Wallace came to Pasadena from Can- 
 ada in 1875, and bought thirty acres (one-half) of Ney Strickland's original 
 colony lot, built a house, made improvements, put his land all into fruit, and 
 resides there yet. In 1881 Mr. Wallace started his cannery, under the 
 name of the " Pasadena Packing Company," which was the first manufactu- 
 ring enterprise established here, and used the first steam engine that ever 
 puffed vapor in Pasadena. The first year 10,000 cans of fruit were put up, 
 which gave employment to twelve persons during the packing season. The 
 Unio7i of October 25, 1884, reported that Mr. Wallace had put up 50,000 
 cans of fruit that season. On September 2, 1885, the cannery was burned 
 down, [see page 152], yet notwithstanding his great loss above insurance, 
 Mr. Wallace rebuilt his works the next year and kept in the manufacturing 
 field. In i8gi, Mr. Wallace took in associates to augment the working capi- 
 tal, and on May 7th of that year the company was incorporated, with Geo. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 455 
 
 F. Kernaghan, president; Prof. T. S. C. lyowe, vice president; R. C. Com- 
 melin, secretary; First National Bank, treasurer; Joseph Wallace, superin- 
 tendent. Capital stock, $75,000. The Board of Trade pamphlet of 1892 
 made the following report : 
 
 " In the season of 1891, the Pasadena Packing Company put up 250,- 
 000 cans of peaches, apricots and pears ; used three carloads of sugar ; em- 
 ployed during the months of July, August, September and October, from 
 seventy-five to one hundred girls, and paid for wages an average of $3.00 
 per week. The establishment canned, in addition to the above, about 10,- 
 000 pounds of strawberries, and dried large quantites of other fruits." 
 
 Fruit DrieriES. — Fruit-drying enterprises were carried on in a small 
 way by some growers, to prepare their own fruit for market, ever since the 
 colony had any fruit ; but Joseph Wallace, in 1885, was the first to operate 
 a machine drier here — and it was destroyed by the burning down of his 
 cannery that year. He has done some drying every year, to utilize surplus 
 fruit that was not choice enough for canning. 
 
 J. R. Ivloyd for five or six years did a somewhat extensive driery busi- 
 ness, at the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Painter street, buying up fruit 
 by the ton to prepare for market by the sunshine process. His was the 
 pioneer commercial driery, others before having been only small, private 
 works. [No figures furnished.] 
 
 C. C. Thompson has also run a driery for many years in his own ex- 
 tensive apricot orchards on North lyake Avenue, and has been one of our 
 heaviest producers of dried fruit. His output was in 1890, four car loads; 
 in 1891, five cars; in 1892, seven cars; in 1893, five cars. Then in 1894 ^^ 
 went into the North Pasadena or Highland association. 
 
 There have been others engaged more or less in the same line whose 
 names and places I did not get. 
 
 May II, 1894, the fruit-growers of North Pasadena organized the Pasa- 
 dena Highland Fruit Association, whose objects were thus set forth : 
 
 "To receive, store, prepare for the market and sell the fruit or other 
 food products of its stockholders, on a strictly co-operative basis ; to take 
 care of orchards of stockholders and gather and deliver the fruit of the same, 
 etc. The principal place of business of the association is at Pasadena, and 
 the term for which it is to exist is fixed at five years. The following board 
 of directors was elected : C. C. Thompson, C. E. Tebbetts, ly. S. Porter, 
 Byron Usk, A, R. Clark, H. Cooley and J. E. Smyth. 
 
 This association established a drying yard and procured a lot of patent 
 cutting and pitting machines, and during the season of 1894-95, they 
 shipped 146 tons, or twelve and a half carloads of dried fruit. 
 
 Fruit Crystai^i^izing Works. — The Union of November 27, 1886, 
 made this announcement : 
 
 "A company has been formed in this city for the purpose of engaging 
 in crystallizing fruits. The members of the organization are P. M. Green, 
 F. M. Hovey, Byron O. Clark, and James R. Riggins of Pasadena, and 
 
456 HISTORY OF PASADUNA. 
 
 Frank M. Schamberger of Anaheim. The capital stock consists of $20,000 
 in 200 shares, all of which has been taken, and the company is thus enabled 
 to start full handed. They propose to can fruits, and crystalize ; and also 
 manufacture jellies, syrups and unfermented wines, etc." 
 
 The county records give November 13, 1886, as the date of incorpor- 
 ation of this company. They bought land, erected buildings, and estab- 
 lished their plant on Glenarm street and the Santa Fe railroad. Mr. Hovey 
 superintended the factory work for a while, and produced some excellent 
 goods ; then he opened a store on Colorado street for their sale. But now 
 the "boom" epidemic struck Pasadena; and all the members of this com- 
 pany caught the fever, and went to speculating in lands and lots ; the fac- 
 tory business was not pushed by them, and it could not push itself — so it 
 went down. The works lay idle for some months. Then in the winter of 
 1888 89 Messrs. Philbrook and Stetson leased the plant, and started the 
 business of canning baked beans, Boston brown bread, mince meat, etc. 
 This firm was succeeded by F. F. Stetson & Co., in the winter of 1890 91 ; 
 and in 1894-95 Mr. Stetson ran it himself. The articles manufactured are 
 canned baked beans, Boston brown bread, L,ima beans, mince meat, plum 
 pudding, and tomatoes ; bottled catsup, and crystalized fruits. Amount of 
 capital, $3,000. Number of employes vary from three to twenty during the 
 season. Amount of first year's business, 1889 — $2,000; amount of last 
 year's business, 1894, $5,000. 
 
 Olive Industry. — The Union of October 16, 1886, said : 
 "The California Olive Co. has filed its articles of incorporation with 
 the county clerk. [Incorporated May 15, 1885.] The principal place of 
 business is Pasadena. The term of existence is fifty years. The directors 
 are Fred J. Woodbury, John P. Woodbury, Byron O. Clark, James R. Rig- 
 gins, and Charles H. Riggins, all of Pasadena. The capital, stock is 
 $120,000, divided into 240 shares of the par value of $500 each, and is all 
 subscribed." 
 
 They planted 200 acres to olive trees, up toward the mountains west 
 from the cemetery, intending to erect an oil mill when their trees came into 
 bearing. But the members of the company all went monkeying with the 
 " boom ;" some of them got bit; and their oil mill project went out with 
 the general collapse. 
 
 Condensed Vegetables Factory. — Started in 1892 by W. R. Baker 
 in a small way, under his own patented process for evaporating potatoes, 
 onions, cabbages, pumpkins, tomatoes, carrots, etc. The water is all elim- 
 inated without letting the natural flavor of the vegetable escape. Amount 
 of capital, $5,000. Number of employes in August, 1895, were fifty. 
 Amount of first year's business, $300. Amount of last year's business, 
 [1894-95] $12,000. The company now con.sists of W. R. Baker and W. S. 
 Hanaford. Factory at 552 Bradford street, where they own two and a half 
 acres of land for growing vegetables, besides the buildings, machinery, and 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 457 
 
 fixtures necessary to work up six tons of green vegetables per day. In 
 July, 1895, they had in hand orders for 100,000 one-pound cans, and ten 
 tons of 25-pound cans, for shipment to Alaska, Siberia, China, Russia, and 
 to supply whaling ships and other long- voyage vessels. 
 
 Orange Packing. — As early as 1885 the Karl Fruit Company of Los 
 Angeles commenced buying orange crops on the trees, and packing the 
 fruit in Pasadena — and has continued the business every year, up to 1895. 
 [The Germain Company also tried it two or three years, then dropped out.] 
 The Earl Company operates in all Southern California, with a capital of 
 $250,000. I tried to get a table of its pack in successive years in Pasadena, 
 but could only get a verbal estimate that they had shipped about 150 car 
 loads a year for three years past — a car load being 300 boxes. The average 
 price to growers was about $1 per box, on the trees, for navels, and about 
 75c for seedlings. About 30 men and women are employed here while the 
 work is going on, which includes picking, hauling, washing, packing, box 
 making, car loading, etc. Packery on Glenarm street and Santa Fe railroad 
 in 1895. 
 
 During the winter of 1885-86 the Southern California Orange Growers 
 Protective Union was organized, F. H. Heydenreich became its represen- 
 tative in Pasadena ; and early in '86 he and Byron O. Clark commenced 
 orange packing here, in a building which then stood at the corner of Locust 
 street and the railroad track ; and that year they packed and shipped 35 car 
 loads. Mr. Clark says that growers were getting only 25c per box for their 
 oranges on the trees, from the private packing companies ; but those who 
 went into the Union realized about $1.50 per box. 
 
 During the season of 1886-7 Brent Bro's packed and shipped about 100 
 car loads of oranges from here ; besides what were shipped by the Union, by 
 the Earl Company, and by orchard owners themselves. I requested from 
 the railroad company's books a table of the number of car loads of oranges 
 and dried fruits shipped from Pasadena each year from 1885 to 1895 ; but, 
 for prudential reasons, the agent was not permitted to furnish me the figures. 
 
 The Pasadena Fruit Growers Association was incorporated De- 
 cember 14, 1893, after several preliminary meetings. C. C. Thompson was 
 the first president and manager ; Dr. Lyman Allen, secretary. Capital 
 stock $15,000, in 1,500 shares of $10 each. There are orange growing 
 districts organized in this county at Alhambra, Downey, F'ernando, Glen- 
 dale, Pasadena, Rivera, Vernon, Whittier. These by delegates form the 
 "Semi-Tropic Fruit Exchange" at Los Angeles ; and delegates from that 
 incorporation, together with those from similar corporate bodies in other 
 counties, form the "Exchanges of Southern California," a sort of mutual 
 supreme council for the whole business. The Pasadena Association had 109 
 stockholders in 1894, and 134 in 1895. I" '94> operating only a part of the 
 season, they shipped 43 car loads of oranges, mostly east. In 1895, up to 
 
458 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 June 30 they shipped 60 car loads (about 18,000 boxes) to Chicago, Buifalo, 
 West Virginia, Missouri, Texas, Montana. Their pay roll in 1895 showed 
 from 8 to 28, with an average of 20 employees at work. They used the old 
 Santa Fe freight depot below California street for a packing house. The 
 officers in 1895 were: Geo. F. Kernaghan, president; B. F. Ball, vice- 
 president ; J. F. Jones, secretary ; First National Bank, treasurer. 
 
 Nurseries. — There have been so many of these enterprises, both large 
 and small, beginning with the first year of the colony, that I could not 
 undertake to give an account of them. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The Pasadena Manufacturing Company. — C. B. Ripley came to 
 Pasadena from Maine in 1876, and was one of the earliest contractors and 
 builders here. Then in 1878 Harry Ridgway came here from Canada, and 
 was the first man to open a regular architect business in Pasadena. Upon 
 getting acquainted they formed a partnership and carried on business 
 together; and in 1884 they built the first planing mill here. This was 
 located nearly where the Union Ice Co.'s office and warehouse are now, on 
 East Union street. This mill had the second steam engine ever run in 
 Pasadena (Joseph Wallace's cannery having the first), and it startled the 
 natives by steaming up and blowing its whistle vigorously for the first 
 time on Tuesday evening, July 29, 1884. The next day the mill started on 
 its regular daily runs for business. The firm at this time had in hand a 
 $3,000 residence for H. W. Magee ; a |2,ooo residence for G. H. Tower ; a 
 $4,000 business building for W. H. Wakeley ; a dwelling for Geo. H. 
 Little on upper Fair Oaks [now called Lincoln] Avenue ; a new school 
 house at Monks Hill, and another one on East Colorado street. These 
 particulars I gather from the Valley Union of August 2, 1884. Mr. Ripley 
 had projected the mill enterprise and was happy in it, for he was a mill man; 
 but Ridgway preferred his own special work as an architect, and was very 
 willing to unmill himself. Meanwhile a plan was formed to enlarge the 
 mill business into a stock corporation for general manufacturing of all kinds 
 of house finishings, trimmings, etc. A meeting to consider the matter was 
 held in Williams Hall December 10, 1886. Another meeting was held 
 December 16, when organization was effected, under the name of "Pasadena 
 Manufacturing Co." — and on December 20 the company was incorporated, 
 according to Oscar Freeman, the company's secretarj' ; but the county 
 records give December 10, the date of the first meeting, as date of incor- 
 poration. Nearly the same names occur at all these meetings, and hence I 
 only give the names enrolled as first members of the corporation, as follows: 
 C. B. Ripley, B. F. Ball, James Clarke, W. P. Forsyth, Oscar Freeman, O. 
 M. Arnold, P. M. Green, G. W. Pillbeam, R. WilHams, M. H. Weight, M. 
 S. Overmire. The same men were named as board of directors ; and the 
 first officers were : Forsyth, president ; Ball, vice-president ; Green, treasurer; 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 459 
 
 Freeman, secretary ; Ripley, superintendent. Other officers have changed, 
 but Oscar Freeman has been secretary continuously until now, 1895. The 
 amount of capital is $50,000. Number of employes average about 40. 
 Works located between Broadway and the Santa Fe railroad, below Kansas 
 street. Amount of first year's business, $101,092.74. Amount of last 
 year's business [1894], $68,751.74. The first year's business of the corpora- 
 tion, with its enlarged plant, was the opening year of the "boom," and was 
 before the Mechanics Mill, and another one known as the Lindsay Bros.' 
 Mill, which burned down and became extinct, had brought sharp competi- 
 tion into the field ; hence that was the largest amount of business ever done 
 by this company during any one year. The Board of Trade pamphlet of 
 1888 said of this mill : 
 
 "The firm paid out in the last year $72,000 for labor alone. The lum- 
 ber used per month is valued at $6,000, while the glass, hardware and 
 supplies amount to $25,000 per year, making in all about $13,000 per month 
 distributed in Pasadena by a single firm." 
 
 Mechanics' Mu.l. — This is an establishment for the making of all 
 manner of woodwork, both for inside and outside finish of any class of 
 buildings. It was started in February, 1887, by R. H. Brent, F. F. Crowell 
 and G. C. Halsey. Building 50 x 70 feet, on Chestnut street at crossing of 
 Santa Fe railroad. C. W. Mann bought a half interest in this mill in 
 January, 1888, then in the fall of same year he bought the other half; and 
 about September i, 1890, he sold a half interest to G. A. Daniels, the firm 
 being now, 1895, Mann & Daniels. The plant consists of a complete outfit 
 of woodworking machinery and apparatus, run by a 6o-horse power steam 
 engine. Number of employes, sixteen in January, 1895. Amount of capital, 
 $7,000. Amount of business last year, 1894, about $45,800. Early in 1895, 
 this firm moved and reconstructed their old mill, and built an entire new 
 one, 40 X 106 feet, two stories, with all modern improvements, at a cost of 
 about $3,000. 
 
 The IvINdsay Mili,. — In 1885-86, three Lindsay brothers started a 
 planing mill on Waverly Drive. In a few months the establishment burned 
 down and was not rebuilt. 
 
 Holland Blinds Factory. — Started in the spring of 1886, as the 
 Holland Manufacturing Co., by W. S. Holland, Chas. Swift, Fred. Swift, 
 Geo. Durrell, with Holland president, Durrell secretary and W. S. Wright 
 attorney. Amount of capital, $16,000. Works located on Champlain street 
 and an alley leading to Peoria street. Plant consists of grounds, buildings, 
 all machinery for the manufacture of Hill's patent sliding blinds and Hol- 
 land's screens, and both steam and gas engines for driving the machinery. 
 Number of employes in the boom time, 30. First year's business, $25,000 
 to $30,000. Largest amount of business in any one year, $30,000. [The 
 business had been commenced in a small way at first by Mr. Holland, in a 
 
460 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 part of- Ripley's planing mill near I^ocust street and railroad track, during 
 the winter of 1885-86.] 
 
 WakeIvEy's Novelty Works. — W. H. Wakeley came to Pasadena in 
 1 88 1, a mere youth, with his father, Capt. A. Wakeley, who had served as 
 a soldier in the Mexican war and also in the war of the rebellion. The 
 young man was an enthusiastic naturalist, especially in the study of birds ; 
 and he at .once commenced collecting, preserving, mounting, studying and 
 classifying the native birds of this region. And these pursuits, at first 
 merely for his own pleasure, gradually grew into a sort of taxidermy busi- 
 ness — the first ever done in Pasadena. In 1883 he started a small hardware 
 and tin store, with plumbing business attached under Robert Hentig's man- 
 agement, and mixed in some taxidermy work withal. In August, 1886, he 
 advertised for one thousand horned toads, for taxidermic mounting as Cali- 
 fornia curios, and this set dozens of bright boys at work earning their own 
 pocket money by catching pocketfulls of the curious little reptiles. In 
 January, 1886, Mr. Wakeley started the Pasadena " Natural History Store," 
 devoted entirely to the business of collecting, manufacturing and dealing in 
 California curios, both by wholesale and retail. ' The business grew upon his 
 hands so that in a few months he sold the store to Thomas W. Furlong, 
 and devoted himself specially to the manufacture and wholesale trade in the 
 same line, this amounting the first year to a business of $12,000, and giving 
 employment more or less to from ten to twenty persons. The Star of Octo» 
 ber II, 1892, speaking of the District Fair at lyos Angeles, said: "The 
 Wakeley Novelty works of this city make a splendid display of articles in 
 California woods, shells, etc., and Wm. H. Wakeley has two lathes in opera- 
 tion, with a force of three men in attendance. L,ast evening they gave 
 away 1000 pin-cushions turned out from yucca." 
 
 During 1893 he sold between 5,000 and 6,000 horned toads, 100 dozen 
 tarantulas, 100 dozen scorpions, besides large numbers of centipedes, trap- 
 door spider nests, etc. And his goods were the only ones of their class from 
 Southern California in the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. The 
 factory and store are now located in a two-story brick block on North Fair 
 Oaks Avenue. The machinery is run by a gas engine, and comprises ma- 
 chines for coarse and fine sawing, boring, turning, scroll work, carving, 
 polishing, friction coloring and burnishing. A great variety of California 
 woods are made into cups, vases, dishes, buckets, napkin rings, match safes, 
 gavels, paper knives, canes, portierre and curtain rings, placques, and many 
 souvenir forms. 
 
 Brick Making. — The first brick building erected in Pasadena was B. 
 F. Ball's original home place on North Fair Oaks Avenue ; but these bricks 
 were not made here — were all hauled by wagon up from Los Angeles — 
 1878-9. The first business block built of brick, was by Craig & Hubbard, 
 grocers, on East Colorado street — the same now known as the Brunswick 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 46 1 
 
 billiard hall. It was commenced in August, 1885, and they moved their 
 grocery into it in October. ' The bricks were obtained from an old brickyard 
 on Rose's ranch, east side of Santa Anita Avenue ; and the walls were laid 
 up by Irvin Wilson. The second brick store was the Frost Block, built by 
 E. S. Frost, about 100 feet east of the other — commenced in September and 
 completed in November, 1885 ; these bricks were also hauled from the old 
 yard on Rose's ranch. 
 
 The first brickyard ever started here was by Gass, Simons & Hubbard 
 of the City Brick Company at lyos Angeles, in February and March, 1884. 
 They had the contract for brick foundation of the Raymond Hotel, and 
 decided to make their bricks here instead of hauling them up from L,os 
 Angeles. Their yard and kilns for this job were just across the roadway 
 east from the Raymond barn. Then after completing this job they moved 
 their works to a site on Euclid Avenue just north of Maine street. In a year 
 or two the clay gave out here, and they moved over onto Gen. Edwin Ward's 
 land, on Madeline Drive west of Fair Oaks Avenue. They operated here 
 until "the boom busted," and then retired from the Pasadena field. This 
 first brick company furnished the bricks for four of our historic buildings : 
 I — The Raymond hotel foundations, which took over half a million. 2 — 
 The Ward Bro.'s block, just north of Williams Hall. 3 — The first National 
 Bank building. 4 -The Carlton Hotel block. The Mr. Simons of this 
 company was a cousin of the Simons Bros, who now own the steam brick 
 works, but they never had any connection in the brick business. 
 
 A report published in the Pasadena JJyiion said that the S. G. V. railroad 
 in the first seven months of its operation had hauled 76 car loads or 7,000,000 
 bricks up from lyOS Angeles to Pasadena. This was "boom " time. 
 
 During the winter of 1885-6 Joseph Simons, the head of the Simons 
 Bros. Brick Co., came here from Hamburg, Iowa, and formed a business 
 connection with John S. Mills and Dr. S. Rosenberger to start a brickyard, 
 which he located and put in operation in the spring of 1886, on Mills's land 
 on Raymond Avenue below the Gas Works. This yard was run one season 
 and then abandoned. Simons went hunting for more clay, and finally found 
 the valuable deposit where the steam works now stand, on Glenarm street 
 between Moline and Lake Avenues. Here he started a hand yard in the 
 spring of 1888 and made a success "of it, so that in the spring of 1894, 
 having been joined by his father and younger brothers, he put in a steam 
 plant. The company now [1895] consists of Joseph Simons, manager ; E. 
 O. Simons, secretary ; Walter R. Simons, ass't secretary. Their plant com- 
 prises a 40-horse power steam engine, and a Potts patent brick machine 
 which is entirely automatic, from the raw unwet clay to moulded bricks 
 ready for the dry-yard ; and has a capacity of 45,000 bricks per day. The 
 yard has 40,000 pallets or drying trays. They have about six acres of land ; 
 own the cottages for their workmen, and employ forty-five hands — no 
 
462 HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 Chinamen. They also have a tuachine tor making pressed brick, tor smooth- 
 finish work. This factory has fnrnished go per cent ot" all the brick nsecl 
 in Pasadena since 1SS9. The company's entire property is estimated at 
 
 ^20,000- 
 
 HoULAiiAx ^c Gkiffith's brickyard was started in 1804 : bnt I have 
 no data of it. 
 
 FHRT11.IZKK Works. — The California Commercial Co. was incorpor- 
 porated November 15. 18S8, by Belle M. Jewett. T. F. O'Riley, P. M. Jew- 
 ett, J. D. Bicknell. Mrs. E. C. Bangs, S. P. Jewett. Prior to this Mrs. 
 Jewett had erected a long brick building on Glenarm street and the Santa Ke 
 railroad, having leased it in advance for a term of years to F. L. Rockwell. 
 who engaged to carry on an ice factory and cold storage business there. The 
 collapse of the "boom " froze out the zeal of the ice-maker, and his promised 
 refrigerating plant was never put in. The Commercial Co. was then organ- 
 ized to utilize the building for storage, commission, forwarding, and other 
 lines ; and also as the business office for their fertilizer works at Chapman 
 station on the Santa Fe railroad, east of Lamanda Park. These works 
 manufacture bones and all kinds of slaughter-house refuse into fertilizing 
 material, and have a capacity to manufacture 3,000 tons per year. S. P. 
 Jewett, president; J. D. Bicknell. vice president ; G. A. Herdeg, secretary; 
 First National Bank of Pasadena, treasurer ; I,. E. Jordan, superintendent. 
 
 LIGHTING AND POWKK WORKS. 
 
 Pasadena Gas and Electric Light Co. Early in 1SS6 the proj- 
 ect of establishing electric light works began to be discussed, and resulted 
 in a list being made of persons who thought they would be willing to sub- 
 scribe something for such an enterprise. These subscribers met in Williams 
 hall March 25. Col. O. S. Picher, chairman ; Frank M. Ward, secretary. 
 It was voted to place the capital stock at $40,000, in 1,600 shares of $25 
 'each, and incorporate as the " Pasadena Gas and Electric Light Co." The 
 Union reported $16,000 subscribed in Pasadena, and that Dr. E. Mellis 
 would place $8,000 of the stock in San Francisco. April 9 there was an- 
 other report of progress. Then on May 10 the Union says : 
 
 "The Pasadena Gas and Electric Co. held a stockholders' meeting at 
 Williams hall yesterday afternoon, and elected the following officers: C. T. 
 Hopkins, Emmons Raymond, P. M. Green, R. Williams, G. A. Swartwout, 
 B. S. Eaton, and S. W. Bugbee, directors ; president, Hopkins ; vice presi- 
 dent, Swartwout; treasurer. Green; secretary, Williams: 545 shares ot 
 stock were represented, Mr. Raymond having taken 160 shares." 
 
 May 8 appears in the county records as the date of their incorjtor- 
 ation. I found no further mention of their progress until October 2, 1886, 
 when the Pasadena Union said : " M. G. Elmore, contractor for building 
 the gas works, has 100 men at work on trenches, pipes, buildings, etc. The 
 Carlton and the Raymond hotels are to be lighted with gas by November i." 
 
I>IVISION SIX BITSINKSS. 463 
 
 Jiut meanwhile some change of organization was found necessary ; for the 
 same paper of December 4 made this report : 
 
 "The Pasadena Oas and Electric Light Co. was organized Thursday, 
 December 2, with the following officers: O. H, Conger, president; iv. C, 
 Webster, vice j)resident ; P. M. Green, treasurer; Otto PVoclich, secretary. 
 Jvmmons Raymond and C. vS. Martin were added to the board of directors." 
 
 This is the company which was finally bought out by Prof. Lowe, anfl 
 is now operated by him, with A. W. Roche as secretary and treasurer. No 
 statistics furnished. The gas is made from crude petroleum instead of coal. 
 
 Elkcthic LKiiiT AN'jj Po\vj",i< Co. In March, i>^88, the Pasadena 
 Electric Light and Power Co. was organized by C. W. Abbott, J. M. Glass, 
 A. R. Metcalfe, D. Galbraith, J. H. Fleming, and C. M. Skillen. Jiut the 
 articles of incorporation for this company were filed for record at Ix^s An- 
 geles January 31, r888. There were now two companies in the field, one, 
 "Gas and PUectric"; the other, " Ivlectric Light and Power." December 9, 
 1890, this company voted to increase its y>onded indebtedness from $2o,rjO(j 
 to $25,000. The power-house is located on Jiroadway below California 
 street, and comprises, in 1894, three boilers and two engines, with gener- 
 ators of no-arc light capacity, and i,2<'xj incandescent capacity also. The 
 company has a contract lor three years from January i, 1894, to supply the 
 city with sixty-eight arc lights ; and it has thirty miles of wires throughout 
 the city for its arc and incandescent light service. The power-house gives 
 employment to five men ; the numlxrr of line men employed varies from 
 time to time. The company's capital stock is $^o,cxkj. Its officers in 1894 
 95 were: L. C. Torrance, president and manager; L. P. Hansen, vice presi- 
 dent ; J. vS. Torrance, secretary ; San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer. 
 
 The Siaroi May 29, 1895, reported an addition 40x50 feet to the power- 
 house, with a new engine of 250-horse power, and a new dynamo of 1,200- 
 light power, to increase the .service. 
 
 The Gkand Opera House. — In regard to this most ambitious under- 
 taking of the "boom " period I found great difficulty in getting particulars. 
 It seems to have been projected by E. C. Webster, with Frank M. Ward, 
 Ben E. Ward, L. J. Rose, Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, and others engaged in 
 booming real estate on Raymond Avenue ; and the " Pasadena Grand Oj>era 
 House Co." was incorporated March 21, 1887. The Board of Trade 
 pamphlet of 1888 said : "Among the new buildings that attract attention 
 is an opera house, which, now nearly completed, will cost $i25,0''Xj." And 
 the Pasadeyia Standard cA F'ebruary 16, 1889, said : 
 
 "The Grand Opera House was duly opened Wednesday evening fi^"eb- 
 ruary 13, 1889] with a great crowd in attendance. It is the finest and most 
 complete mechanico-symposium of stage devices on the Pacific coast, outside 
 of San i^rancisco. Mr. Wyatt, the lessee, says there is nothing equal to it 
 in any other town of the same size in the United States. Co.st $kxj,ooo. " 
 
 The company became bankrupt; and in May, 1891, Prof. Iv<^>we bought 
 
464 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the building at bankrupt price, and made it headquarters for all his gas 
 patents, gas works, and mountain railroad and hotel enterprises. It is a 
 typical specimen of Moorish architecture. Its theater or opera house part is 
 still continued (1894-95) with Thaddeus Lowe, jr., as manager. 
 
 Southern Oil Company. — This enterprise was projected and worked 
 up by Geo. H. Coffin, to prospect for oil, sink wells, manufacture or refine 
 petroleum products, etc., and was organized at Pasadena on March i, 1895. 
 Incorporated March 29th, with the following as its first board of directors 
 and officers : Geo. H. Coffin, president and general manager ; A. H. 
 Palmer, vice-president ; Edwin Stearns, treasurer ; Chas. E. Getchell, sec- 
 retary ; Arthur H. Palmer, S. I. Stearns. Capital stock, $100, oco. The 
 company by purchase and lease secured about 1,200 acres of land on the 
 hills south of South Pasadena and Lincoln Park, and have engine, derrick, 
 pumps, and other machinery there, prosecuting their business. But up to 
 time of this chapter going to press, oil had not yet been reached. July 8 
 their first prospect well was down and cased 400 feet. 
 
 POULTRY WORKS. 
 
 The Oak Lawn Poultry Farm. — This was commenced in September 
 1885, by F. W. Machin, and was the largest and most heroic venture of the 
 kind ever attempted in South California. The farm was a 20-acre tract on 
 Allen Avenue south from Colorado street, and was a $12,000 enterprise, 
 based on the theory that the high price of poultry and eggs here would 
 make the home production of them a profitable business, in competition with 
 their .shipment to Los Angeles from Kansas City, St. Louis, and all that 
 region. I had tried the same business myself in 1884 and failed of success — 
 hence made visits of observation occasionally to this larger and later venture. 
 This farm had or was planned for 100 houses for egg-laj^ers — 50 hens to 
 each house with its own yard. Also 1,000 breeders, with yards 25x100 feet, 
 and 50 fowls to each yard. Four incubators, with total capacity of 2,000 
 eggs. Forty-eight artificial brooder yards for the baby chicks. Hospital 
 yards and coops for sick or injured fowls. The owner was F. W. Machin, 
 a bu.siness man of means, from Chicago ; and its manager was C. VonCulin, 
 a life-long worker and expert in this industry ; hence the experiment had 
 all that human interest and skill could furnish to make it a practical succe.ss. 
 Yet, at the outset, Ed. C. Clapp, Pasadena's pioneer poultry man, said to me 
 in his droll way, "I'll give them just four months to bust up and go to 
 smash with their whole bu.sine.ss." Well, nature abhors a monopoly, as 
 well as a vacuum, and would not tolerate so much chicken life in so small a 
 space - - at any rate not in Pasadenaland. In spite of all care, di.sease got 
 among the fowls ; young chicks by the hundred would be found dead in the 
 morning ; and, to shorten the story, in about six months this chicken 
 " boom " bursted, went out entirely, and left no sign. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 465 
 
 Ostrich Farm. — Early in 1885 an ostrich farm was started on the 
 banks of the Arroyo Seco at the end of Old Fair Oaks Avenue [now called 
 Lincoln Avenue]. A fee of twenty-five cents was charged to see the birds ; 
 but on April 10, 1885, it was announced that the ostrich farm is closed ex- 
 cept on Sunday, and the admission fee is then $1. Stephen Townsend ob- 
 tained a franchise and planned to build a street car line out to it, but finally 
 gave it up. The Daily Star of May 18, 1889, said : 
 
 ' ' The nine ostriches at the Gardner ranch above town were disturbed 
 by a dog early this morning, and six of them broke out and scattered on the 
 run. Five of them were soon captured and returned to their quarters, and 
 a sixth was corralled by some of Vore & Hoag's men and run into their 
 back yard. The manipulations of the owner to rope this captive were wit- 
 nessed by a large crowd. The bird was finally led away in limbo. ' ' 
 
 Ten days later the same paper reported : 
 
 ' ' The last of the escaped ostriches was captured the other day by Mr. 
 Gardner. The bird was caught near the Brunk place, apparently on its way 
 to Switzer's to see what could be found to eat in the way of tin cans, etc." 
 
 For some reason the business did not succeed well ; and on September 
 2, i8gi, I find this last mention of it : 
 
 ' ' The Pasadena ostriches which had been under attachment and in 
 charge of Officer Slater for some weeks, were yesterday released and taken 
 to IvOS Angeles, their owner, Dennison, having given a bond as security for 
 the payment of the amount claimed." 
 
 CKMETERY AND HOSPITAL. 
 
 Mountain View Cemetery. — When the Orange Grove colony settled 
 here, and B. D. Wilson made them a free gift of the land now known as Al" 
 tadena, a man named J. W, Potts owned a considerable tract southwesterly 
 from that, and he offered his also to them if they would pay the delinquent 
 taxes on it. But they did not accept his offer ; and they would not have ac- 
 cepted Mr. Wilson's offer either, only that he assured them that the taxes 
 were paid, and they thought in that case they would "risk it" — so little 
 were these upper slope lands valued in 1874. In 1875, however, Mr. Pott's 
 land was bought by the Giddingses, Col. Banbury, and others, and it was a 
 portion of this tract that was devoted to cemetery uses. The Pasadena 
 Cemetery Association was incorporated December 13, 1882, by E. H. Royce, 
 C. A. Hartwell, J. I^. Hartwell, E. W. Giddings, J. R. Giddings, G. L- 
 Giddings, L,. W. Giddings — the latter being elected president ; J. L. Hart- 
 well, vice president ; Calvin A. Hartwell, secretary and treasurer, which 
 position he still holds — 1895. 
 
 From the records of the company I have compiled this table of the 
 number of burials during the successive years : 
 
 1883 24 1887 133 1891 109 
 
 1884 30 1888 146 1892 116 
 
 1885 29 1889 96 1893 138 
 
 1886 33 1890 104 1894 131 
 
 30 
 
466 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Total to December 31, 1894 — 1,089. I'tie first interment ever made in 
 this cemetery was that of Mrs. Sophronia Johnson, aged forty-two, sister to 
 Samuel and Wm. Pierce ; she had died of consumption, and was buried 
 here February 6, 1883. During that year the bodies of Laura C. Giddings, 
 Bartlett Cobb, and C. Morton Banbury were removed from Col. Banbury's 
 original home place on Orange Grove Avenue, and re-interred here ; and 
 eight other transfers were also made from private grounds to the new ceme- 
 tery, or a total of eleven during the year, so that there were only thirteen 
 deaths in Pasadenaland that year. During 1884 there were eight transfers, 
 leaving the local death roll for that year twenty-two. The cemetery com- 
 prises twenty-three acres of land ; gets its water supply from Rubio, Millard 
 and Negro canyons ; and its grounds, pipes, reservoirs, buildings, etc., are 
 valued at about $30,000. 
 
 Crematory. — In 1895 the undertaking firm of Reynolds & Van Nuys 
 built a complete cremation furnace, with all appointments complete, in the 
 Mountain View Cemeter>^ grounds. 
 
 HospiTAi,. — As early as 1886-87 the question of having a hospital in 
 Pasadena began to be agitated or talked about, and various plans to this end 
 were from time to time promulgated ; but they all came to naught. In 
 1890-91 the matter was again talked up with renewed interest, and some 
 consideration was given it by the Board of Trade ; and at one time it did 
 seem as if something tangible would be done. James W. Scoville offered to 
 give $10,000 toward founding a hospital, if others would raise an equal 
 amount for it ; and Mr. Scoville even bought some eligible lots for a hospital 
 site. But the additional funds necessary were not raised ; Mr. Scoville died ; 
 and the whole project dropped out of view. 
 
 Then, in January, 1895, Dr. Jacob S. Hodge leased rooms 10, 11, 12, 
 13, 14, in the Masonic Temple, and opened a Receiving Hospital and 
 Surgical Institute there. And this was the first thing in the waj^ of a 
 regular hospital service that ever came into Pasadena historj^ although 
 there had been " Sanitariums " of many and varied sorts for a score of years 
 before. The first patient put to bed in the " Receiving Hospital " was Ted 
 Dobbins, a young man about 18 years old with a broken leg, who was 
 brought down from the Mountain View cemetery on a litter in a wagon. In 
 August and September, 1895, was built the Torrance & McGilvray block, on 
 northwest corner of Raymond Avenue and Green street, and its second and 
 third stories were planned and built purposely for Dr. Hodge's Receiving 
 Hospital, with ever} provision in the latest and best style for comfort, con- 
 venience, sanitary safeguard, etc., of patients — even to air and sun baths on 
 the oriental roof-floor, reached by elevator. 
 
 Pasadena's historic hotels. 
 The Lake Vineyard House. — This was the first building ever erected 
 in Pasadena intended for use as a hotel, and was built by a Mr. Griswold 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 467 
 
 during the winter of 1879-80. In a letter written by D. M. Graham, Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1880, to the horticultural paper then published at Riverside, he 
 says : ' ' Mr. Griswold had several applications for rooms in his new hotel 
 before the plaster was dry." This was the only allusion to it that I found 
 in any of the early documents. In 1882, this house with fifteen acres of 
 land was bought by Isaac Banta, but he soon found that it was too far away 
 from the village, or " The Corners," as the business center was then called, 
 to make any success as a hotel — and it was also too small and inconvenient 
 to serve the growing demand for such accommodations. He, therefore, in 
 1882-83, bought from Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr a 3-acre lot where the First 
 National Bank, the Arcade Building, the City Hall, and other business 
 blocks are now located, and built there the Los Angeles House, on the . 
 corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street — the same house which 
 now stands at the corner of Colorado and Del^acy streets. (This new hotel 
 was opened in July, 1883.) Mr. Banta' s son-in-law, Wm. T. Pierce, then 
 took the Lake Vineyard House ; and he also soon learned that as a hotel for 
 this enlightened country, its location, style of architecture, etc., foredoomed 
 it to failure. The U7iio7i of March i, 1884, said: "Mr. Butler has sold 
 his interest in the Lake Vineyard House to a Mr. Granger, who will take 
 possession at once." In 1885 the property was sold to Milford Fish ; he 
 altered the house into a dwelling and now resides there, corner of Marengo 
 Avenue and Florence street. 
 
 The Raymond Hotel. — In 1883, Mr. Walter Raymond, who was 
 then engaged in operating the ' ' Raymond Excursions ' ' from Boston to 
 California and return, conceived the project of building a great hotel some- 
 where in South California especially to accommodate the tourist travel, and as 
 a winter resort preferable to Florida, New Orleans, or Cuba. He examined 
 eligible sites at San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario, Los Angeles 
 and Pasadena ; and finally decided on what was then known as Bacon's hill, 
 on the Marengo ranch at Pasadena, as offering on the whole the best pros- 
 pect for success in such a great enterprise. And accordingly he bought the 
 site, which comprised fifty-five acres of land, including some springs and 
 portions of a brook. Mr. Raymond had no personal experience in the 
 hotel business, but in his excursion business he had gained a pretty good 
 knowledge of what tourists from the colder sections of our country wanted 
 in the way of hotel comforts, and he associated with himself, Mr. Gluck of 
 the International Hotel at Niagara Falls, and J. H. Littlefield, an experi- 
 enced architect of San Francisco, as co-workers on structural details of the 
 great hostelry building. Work was commenced in November, 1883, toward 
 cutting the hill down thirty-four feet lower than its original summit to make 
 a level plateau large enough for the foundation and the necessary driveways 
 and adjunct buildings, which would require a space of about five acres. 
 
 The grading contract was let at a given price per cubic yard for re- 
 
468 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 moving earth, and another price for removing rock. To external appear- 
 ance at first the hill seemed mostly a body of earth that could be worked up 
 with pick and shovel, plow and scraper, and so be done without very great 
 expense. But as the work progressed it was soon found that the main bulk 
 of the hill was composed of a sort of cement rock or conglomerate, and a 
 peculiar formation of brecciable granite, or " bastard granite," as the work- 
 men called it. These were new features in the case ; and the more obdurate 
 material was of such an unusual character that it very soon became an im- 
 portant financial question whether it was in a legal sense "earth" or 
 "rock" material. This was submitted to a commission of experts at Los 
 Angeles, and they decided that it was "rock." This result at once more 
 than doubled the amount of money necessary beyond what was at first sup- 
 posed w^ould accomplish the leveling down of the hill. Drilling and blast- 
 ing had to be resorted to on a large scale, and i,ooo kegs of black powder 
 and over a ton of giant powder were used up before the job was completed. 
 Thomas Banbury of Pasadena had this contract. The number of men and 
 teams emploj^ed varied at different times, but at one time as high as seventy- 
 five teams and 250 men were on the pay-roll of this job. Of course there 
 was then no railroad to Pasadena, and the lumber for the great building 
 was delivered by the Southern Pacific R. R. Co. at San Gabriel station, 
 and hauled up from there by teams, Mr. Banbury having this teaming 
 work in hand also. The grading and lumber hauling occupied about four 
 months of actual working time. 
 
 As a token and tender of their hearty good will toward Mr. Raymond's 
 enterprise, and their willingness to aid it all they could, the people of Pasa- 
 dena subscribed $1,400 to buy five shares of water, and pipe it to the hotel 
 site. The Pasadena Union of March i, 1884, said: 
 
 "Mr. Thomas Banbury, from the looks of things, will soon have the 
 old landmark, Bacon Hill, reduced to the j^roper level for the foundation of 
 the hotel. On Monday at high noon Mrs. Banbury lighted the three fuses 
 that exploded 2,500 pounds of powder, the conse([uence of which was the 
 complete disorganization of the last point of rock on the summit of the 
 hill." 
 
 The fact that a woman had touched off this tremendous blast was a mat- 
 ter of local celebrity at the time, and makes one of the historic incidents 
 connected with the erection of the Raymond hotel. That particular blast I 
 heard myself, and it made a little earthquake for a mile or two around. On 
 March 22 the Unio7i said : 
 
 "Two vessels have arrived at San Pedro with 900,000 feet of lumber, 
 and 500,000 shingles for the Raymond hotel. The contract for hauling all 
 the lumber (2,250,000 feet) has been let, and work is rapidly progressing; 
 500,000 bricks are now burned and being used on the foundation, the first 
 brick of which was laid on Thursday." 
 
 On April 26 the same paper announced a suspension of work on the 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 
 
 469 
 
 hotel ; and stated in explanation that instead of costing $200,000, as first 
 proposed, it would cost nearly double that amount — and consequently a re- 
 vision of plans must be made. The fact was, the unforeseen granitic charac- 
 ter of the hill formation had unexpectedly increased the cost of grading and 
 foundation work two or three times beyond the first estimates. This sus- 
 pension continued about six months, and Pasadena watched and waited the 
 outcome with deep anxiety. Meanwhile the San Gabriel Valley railroad 
 was completed from I^os Angeles to Pasadena, and commenced running 
 regular trains September 16, 1885 ; and it was pretty well understood — in 
 fact, a confidently trusted "open secret" even at that time — that this local 
 line was ultimately to become a part of the Santa Fe's great transcontin- 
 ental line ; and this fact had much to do with determining the fate both of 
 Pasadena and the Raymond hotel. And this suspension stage of the hotel 
 work and its outcome are spoken of in the Unio?i of June 4, 1886, from 
 which I quote this passage : 
 
 RAYMOND HOTEL — SOUTH-BY-WEST FRONT. 
 Photo, taken during its season of 1893-94. 
 
 "April 23, 1884, work on the hotel was stopped, owing to financial en- 
 tanglements. Mr. Raymond had exhausted his means and knew not where 
 to turn. At last he interested in the work his aged father, Emmons Ray- 
 mond, long-time president of the Passumpsic River Railroad. The elder 
 Raymond is 79 years old, but his days of usefulness are not ended, and 
 when he came to realize the possibilities of the projected hotel, he lent vig- 
 orous aid with purse and head. Perched on its conspicuous eminence, the 
 Raymond has been growing skyward since the 27th of last September, 
 when the elder Raymond, coming out from the east, devoted himself assid- 
 uously to the work. The great foundations had already been laid, 43,000 
 cubic yards of earth had been moved, and over a million bricks laid from 
 the bed rock up. Since then the whole superstructure has risen, and todaj^ 
 the vast building is very close upon completion. It is the most imposing 
 sight in Southern California, and, perhaps, the greatest undertaking ever 
 
470 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 carried through here. The main building and the wings are four stories 
 high, the dining room wing, two stories. The tower is 104 feet high, seven 
 stories. There are forty-three bath rooms in the house, and forty water 
 closets. The hotel grounds comprise fifty-five acres. The building cost 
 $300,000." 
 
 The bricks for the foundation walls, chimneys, etc., were made by 
 Simons & Hubbard from Los Angeles, at a yard which they then started on 
 the Raymond grounds, east of where the great stable is now ; and the 
 Va//ej' Uyiion of November 13, 1885, reported forty masons and carpenters 
 then at work, and said, "the brick work will all be done this week except 
 the kitchen"; also that " 1,300,000 bricks will be used altogether." The 
 brick laying for the ovens and chimneys was done by Robert W. L,acy 
 of Pasadena, after whom DeLacy street was named by his son-in-law, 
 A. F. Mills. Mr. O. J. Muchmore from Lebanon, New Hampshire, was 
 general superintendent of the entire construction work, from the first foun- 
 dation brick to the last roof shingle. He had previously built large hotels 
 in Florida and the Bermuda Islands. 
 
 From the day that the elder Raymond took a hand in the enterprise, 
 the construction work went on steadily and vigorously to completion,* and 
 opening day was set for November 17, 1886. Of this historic event I copj' 
 the report of the Valley Union of November 20, 1886, which says : 
 
 "Wednesday evening, November 17, 1886, will mark the date of the 
 most notable and brilliant event that has yet occurred in Southern California. 
 The occasion was the formal opening of the Raymond Hotel. At an early 
 hour guests began to arrive in carriages, and at nine o'clock two heavily 
 loaded trains had arrived from Los Angeles, and as the throng passed up 
 the main avenue, lighted on either side with Chinese lanterns, the scene was 
 
 RAYMOND DEPOT, SANTA FE LINE. 
 Romanesque Architecture. 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 
 
 471 
 
 one long to be remembered. At ten o'clock the great company had nearly 
 all assembled, embracing about 1,500 guests." 
 
 The hotel had a successful season ; and it has been regularly open from 
 autumn to spring, or during the tourist season, every year since. Numer- 
 ous additions and improvements were made in the building and the premises 
 year by year. 
 
 DESTROYED BY FIRE. 
 
 On Easter Sunday, April 14, 1895, in the afternoon, this great hotel 
 caught fire from some defective flue near the southwest corner on the upper 
 floor. There was a stiff" sea breeze blowing from the southwest at the time, 
 which made the flames spread rapidly, and get such headway before dis- 
 covered, that the fire hose on the different floors were utterly powerless to 
 check the swift progress of the fire as it swept directly toward the remain- 
 ing part of the immense structure, its annex and power-house, etc. In less 
 than one hour everything was down in one vast heap of fiery ruin. The 
 loss, as given by the manager, Gen. Went worth, was $450,000 ; insurance, 
 $205,000. There were 165 guests in the house Saturday night, besides 
 about fifty employes in the annex. The buildings were all of wood, and 
 the flames spread so rapidly that many lost all their clothing and personal 
 effects ; but no lives were lost, and nobody seriously injured. The hotel 
 safe was dragged out the next day with grappling hooks and chains from 
 the red-hot mass of fiery glowing embers, and its contents found unharmed. 
 
 , — n It is a remarkable coincidence that 
 
 Williel Thomson, who surveyed the 
 : ' ^ hill for grading and set the stakes for 
 
 \ ..""'' the foundation walls — Thomas Ban- 
 
 bury, who graded the hill down thirty- 
 four feet from its original summit — 
 O. J. Muchmore, who superintended 
 the erection of the hotel — and Frank 
 A. Haskell, who did the first job of 
 painting on it — all happened to witness 
 its flamy destruction ten years later. 
 Mr. Vroman of Pasadena happened 
 to be there taking a photo of a very 
 fine rose bush in the yard, when the 
 fire broke out — and then he took sev- 
 eral views of the great structure while 
 it was burning. 
 The Carlton Hotel. — This was the first attempt to establish at the 
 Pasadena business center a hotel to be furnished and conducted in a style 
 recognized as " first class." It was the first building in the city to have a 
 passenger elevator. The base of the iron column at west side of its stairway 
 
 "Land>f Sunshine," May, 1805. 
 THE RAYMOND HOTEL ON FIRE. 
 
472 HISTORY OF PA.SADENA. 
 
 entrance on Colorado street was the lirst bench-mark or datum plane estab- 
 lished by the city council, from which all official city grades or levels have 
 since been reckoned. And a number of notable events transpired within its 
 walls, which have given it a prominent place as one of our historic hotels. 
 [See cut, page 284.] 
 
 After some weeks of talk about building a large business block, a 
 syndicate was formed composed of Gen. Edwin Ward, then of Long Beach ; 
 the Harper & Reynolds hardware company of Los Angeles ; Geo. A. Swart- 
 wout, A. Cruickshank and E. C. Webster of Pasadena. At a meeting in the 
 first week of February, 1886, they adopted the name " Exchange Block " 
 for their new building ; and on February 17, 1886, its corner-stone was laid 
 by the architect, Harry Ridgway and assistants, enclosing a sealed casket of 
 local newspapers, photographs, and other historic documents of Pasadena 
 flavor ; and speeches were made by C. T. Hopkins and Abbot Kinney. On 
 June 2, 1886, the "Exchange Block Company" was incorporated. On 
 August 17, 1886, occurred the visit of the National G. A. R. excursionists 
 to Pasadena on their way back east from their National Encampment at 
 San Francisco. The Exchange Block was not finished ; but its large east 
 rooms on first floor were cleared of rubbish, decorated, and used for the 
 banquet reception to these war-record visitors. [See page 320.] 
 
 In February, 1887, the city council meetings were being held in this 
 building and on the 19th of that month the famous prohibitory ordinance 
 was enacted here. Then in August, 1888, the lessees of the Carlton Hotel 
 were arrested for selling liquor there, contrary to the law, and the case had 
 some historic celebrity. [See page 264.] 
 
 On December 19, 1888, the editors of South California assembled in 
 the parlors of this hotel and here formed their State editorial association. 
 [See page 322.] 
 
 On January 28, 1889, occurred in this hotel the Astronomical banquet 
 [see page 326] which led to the placing of the Harvard photographing tele- 
 scope on Mount Wilson. 
 
 The Painter Hotel — This was the third large hotel enterprise 
 undertaken here, being built in 1887 by John H. Painter and sons, and 
 opened to the public in February, 1888. It is the distinguishing landmark 
 of North Pasadena, being situated on northeast corner of Fair Oaks Avenue 
 and Washington street, 1200 feet above sea level. M. D. Painter and wife 
 have been the managers of the hotel ever since it opened for business. It 
 is a -historic building, because of sundry other large enterprises incidentally 
 associated with it. The Painter Bros, opened Fair Oaks Aveiuie from 
 Chestnut to Illinois street [see page 356], and built the horse car line from 
 Colorado street clear up past the hotel to Mountain View cemetery. They 
 also l)uilt a steam dummy R. R. line from the hotel to Devil's Gate ; pro- 
 jected Arroyo Park ; built the first large covered reservoir ; etc., etc. But 
 
DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 
 
 473 
 
 the father died in April, 1891 ; and then A. J. Painter died in November, 
 1893, in the midst of his plans for further development, and they had to 
 be abandoned. This hotel, with its adjunct grounds, livery barn, etc., 
 represents an investment of about $80,090. 
 
 HoTEiv Green. — The Hotel Green Co. was first projected in March, 
 1 89 1, by Col. G. G. Green of Woodbury, New Jersey. The first meeting 
 to talk up and arrange for the organization of the company was held in the 
 ofiice of A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., Mr. Green's attorney in Pasadena ; and the 
 organization was finally made in Mr. Metcalfe's office on March 27, 1891, 
 
 HOTEL GREEN. 
 Moresque Architecture. Photo. 1895. 
 
 its members then being Col. G. G. Green, A. R. Metcalfe, H. W. Magee, 
 J. H. Holmes, and J. G. Rossiter. Col. Green was made president, and J. 
 H. Holmes secretary and treasurer. The hotel building was erected in 
 1891-92-93, with a frontage of 301 feet on Raymond Avenue by 91 on 
 Kansas [now Green] street, and five stories high. Its frontages are in 
 Moorish and Roman architecture, but the dining-room is a typical specimen 
 of classic Greek style ; and the whole structure, both internal and external, 
 has won fame as a grand symposium of the most imposing, elegant, chaste 
 and aesthetic elements of architectural science, scarcely excelled in New 
 
474 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 York or London except by mere bulk. Connected with the hotel are a 
 picturesque floral park ; a lawn tennis court and croquet ground ; a com- 
 plete steam power and electric light plant; and a dormitor>^ annex— all 
 together representing an investment of about $450,000. J. H. Holmes is 
 the manager, with a corps of eighty-two employes. This hotel has the 
 historic association of having been the scene of a banquet to President 
 Harrison, April 23, 24, 1891. [It was then a much smaller and very different 
 looking structure called "The Webster," built with money borrowed from 
 Col. Green.] Also, banquet to Prof. Lowe, in honor of the completion of 
 his electric railroad to Echo Mountain — August 23, 1893. Also, banquet 
 to Hon. A. G. Throop, founder of Throop Polytechnic Institute, on Pasa- 
 dena's first celebration of "Father Throop Day," December 21, 1893. [For 
 further account of these events, see pages 195, 328, 331.] 
 
 Echo Mountain House. ^ — This house is the latest addition to Pasa- 
 dena's historic hotels, and it challenges the world for wonderfulness of 
 
 position and adjunct attractions. Its 
 projector and owner is the historic 
 Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, of army balloon 
 fame, original inventor of artificial ice- 
 making machinery, and of water gas, 
 and other valuable devices. Its build- 
 ers were John V. Carson and his son 
 Eugene, cousins of the famous and histo- 
 ric Kit Carson, whose name is insepara- 
 bly associated with that of Col. John C. 
 Fremont in his world-famed Rocky Moun- 
 tain explorations, and initial conquest of 
 California. Among the workmen em- 
 ployed on its foundations was Jason Brown, a son of the great anti-slavery 
 leader, "Old John Brown " of Kansas and Harper's Ferry fame. It is built 
 on the summit of Echo Mountain, where its south and east front verandas look 
 down the mountain slope, and its rear projects over the dechvity northward. 
 It is reached from below by the famous "great cable incline," which is 
 practically a hotel elevator half a mile long and making a vertical rise of 
 1,300 feet in six to eight minutes, by electrical power — the only structure 
 of its kind now in the world (1895). In front of it on the mountain brow 
 stands the great electric searchlight, which was built for and u.sed at the 
 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 ; then at the sub-national 
 Mid-Winter Fair in San Francisco in 1894 — and is the largest and most 
 powerful instrument of its kind now in the world. A few rods up the 
 mountain side above the hotel is the Mount Lowe Observatory (in its 
 temporary location), in charge of Prof. Lewis Swift, a man of world-wide 
 fame as a discoverer of comets, and who holds rank with the foremost 
 
 ECHO MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 
 
 Colonial Architecture, with octagon rotunda 
 and tower at the wings' vertex. 
 
DIVISION SEVKN — SOCIE'TARY. .475 
 
 astronomers of the world. Other adjuncts of this historic hotel are Rubio 
 Glen, with its half mile of stairways leading around or over nine mountain 
 gorge waterfalls. The menagerie of native animals, and its playful bear 
 which bit Jason Brown through the hand. The electric power house and 
 cable machinery for operating the "great incline." The electric spray 
 fountain. The electric trolly railroad to the summit of Mount Lowe, 6,ioo 
 feet above sea level. About thirty miles of bridle roads and paths, leading 
 to countless points of rarest mountain surprises, or grandeur of view, or 
 deep historic interest. This hotel was formally opened to the pubUc on 
 November 26, 1894, the occasion being signalized by a banquet held there 
 by the bankers of Southern California. Connected with this hotel's busi- 
 ness is the Mount Lowe Echo, a daily newspaper. [See page 222.] The 
 Pasadena Star stated that the receipts of the Echo Mountain House during 
 one day in July, 1895, amounted to $1,840. 
 
 DIVISION SEVEN— sociETARY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 REIvIGIOn. — Brief historic sketches of every Church, or Religious or Missionary Society 
 
 ever organized in Pasadena. 
 
 Note.— Instead of alphabetically they are given in chronological order, with the exception that 
 those of one denominational name are grouped together as adjuncts after the first one of the kind in its 
 proper date-place. Pictures of churches are only given as plates were furnished by their own people. 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The first public assemblage for religious services ever held in Pasadena 
 was a prayer meeting called and led by Rev. W. C. Mosher, a Presbyterian 
 clergyman, on August 30, 1874, in Charles H. Watts's bachelor shanty, on 
 what is now Ivive Oaks Avenue, in the Park Place tract. The people present 
 were : Mr. Mosher and wife, August Blix and wife, Moritz Rosenbaum and 
 wife, Wm. T. Clapp and his daughter Jennie [now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver]. 
 About a month later, or as soon as Mr. Mosher could get his own house 
 into usable condition, near Fair Oaks Avenue on Walnut street, these meet- 
 ings were changed from Watts's to the Mosher house ; and to the prayer- 
 meetings was added a Sunday school, under the lead of Wm. T. Clapp and 
 Daniel H. Pike, Mr. Clapp being a Congregationalist and Mr. Pike a 
 Methodist. Then as soon as the first colony schoolhouse was ready for use, on 
 Orange Grove Avenue below California street, the meetings were held there. 
 
476 HISTORY OF PASADlBNA. 
 
 And the first sermon ever preached in Pasadena was by Mr. Mosher, in this 
 schoolhouse, on Sunday, February 7, 1875. On March 21, 1875, the Pres- 
 byterian church of Pasadena was organized in this schoolhouse, with Rev. 
 W. C. Mosher as pastor, and the following list of first members : Wm. T. 
 Clapp, Mrs. O. E. Clapp, Miss Jennie Clapp, Mrs. H. F. Skinner, Mrs. Gen. 
 Geo. Stonemah, Mrs. Mary S. Mosher, J. D. Vinnedge, August Blix, Mrs. Blix, 
 Thos. F. Croft, N. C. Carter, Mrs. Carter, Wm. H. Henderson, Mrs. Judge 
 Eaton, Mrs. Lavinia Stratton, Dr. H. G. Newton, Mrs. Newton, Josiah Eocke, 
 Dr. T. B. Elliott, Mrs. ElUott, Miss Helen J. Elliott. Out of these, Dr. New. 
 ton and W. T. Clapp were elected elders. And later, Dr. Elliott, Thos. F. 
 Croft and Daniel H. Pike were elected Trustees, with Mr. Clapp as treasurer 
 and Henry G. Bennett as clerk of the society. Steps were at once taken 
 toward the erection of a church building ; monej^ was raised, deposited in 
 bank at Los Angeles, and the structure pushed forward in 1875-76. Mean- 
 while the bank failed, and $600 of their church building fund was lost out- 
 right. Nevertheless, they struggled on, and completed the building in 1876, 
 at a cost of about $2,300. Articles of incorporation were adopted Juh' 18, 
 1876, but were not recorded until November 20th. 
 
 In July, '76, Mr. Mosher resigned the pastorate, and in August Rev. 
 James A. Mitchell became the pastor, commencing his labors in the new 
 edifice just completed, and which then stood on California street east of 
 Orange Grove Avenue. A parsonage lot of 2^ acres was bought adjoining 
 the church lot for $375, and a parsonage built there at cost of $1,800, in 1877. 
 
 August 21, 1877, pastor Mitchell resigned ; and October i a new pas- 
 tor. Rev. W. F. P. Noble, took the place. In November I. B. Clapp was 
 added to the board of ruling elders. Pastor Noble resigned Januarj^ 23, 
 1880. [Died October 26, 1882.] The third Sunday in July following. Rev. 
 Alvin Baker became the pastor. And November 20 Asahel Foote was 
 chosen a ruling elder. [Died July 15, 1882.] In July, 1882, pastor Baker 
 resigned ; and on the first Sunday in October following, Rev. L. P. Craw- 
 ford took charge as pastor ; and in November John Ross was made a ruling 
 elder. October 26, 1884, pastor Crawford resigned ; and on Sunday, October 
 25, 1885, Rev. M. N. Cornelius was installed in the pastorship, having 
 served as "supply " since January 25. Early in September of this year the 
 matter of removing the church to a more central location was agitated, and 
 was finally referred to a committee, as follows : Rev. Cornelius, and elders 
 W. T. Clapp, I. B. Clapp and John Ross; and trustees H. H. Markham, 
 Geo. A. Swartwout, D. Galbraith, E. E. Farris, and W. B. McCormick ; 
 and members. Rev. Dr. Coyner, Rev. W. C. Mosher, H. G. Bennett, Rev. 
 Williel Thomson, A. Cruickshank, Dr. Wm. Converse, Cieo. A. Green, and 
 J. H. Fleming. This committee made a divided report to a general meeting 
 on Wednesday afternoon, September 30. In the general meeting a majority 
 voted for removal, and for taking all the church property or proceeds of its 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 477 
 
 sale to the new location. [In consequence of this sweeping action, the 
 ruling elders and many of the members withdrew from the church, and 
 eventually united in estabhshing the First Congregational church in the 
 same vicinity.] On November 8 Mr. Cornelius preached for the last time in 
 the old location ; and during the ensuing week the church edifice was 
 removed to its new site on Worcester Avenue, where it was built-in as a 
 part of the large new structure erected in 1886 on the corner of Colorado 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 English-Gothic Architecture. Photo. 1895. 
 
 Street and Worcester Avenue. During the autumn of 1888 the first mas- 
 sive pipe organ ever brought to Pasadena was put into this church, at a cost 
 of $6,000. 
 
 In January, 1889, pastor Cornelius resigned ; and Rev. Wm. Ormiston, 
 D. D.,I,Iy D., preached as " supply " from July, 1889, till December, 1890. 
 Rev. N. H. G. Fife was next called to the pastorate, being installed 
 October 7, 1891, and is still in service — 1895. In the night of December 
 lo-ii, 1891, the lofty steeple of the church was blown down by a fierce 
 wind storm, and fell over into Colorado street. [See page 165.] 
 
478 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 In June, 1892, the church published a little manual or directory of its 
 membership, which showed a total of 345 names on the roll, but 39 of them 
 were listed under "Residence unknown." In April, 1893, the membership 
 was reported as 412. Contributions the previous year to the eight benefi- 
 cences of the church, $1,147; to other benevolent objects, $142 ; to current 
 expenses, $6,704. Total contributions, $7,993. 
 
 Auxiliary Organizations within the church. — The first one formed, 
 besides the Sunday school was the "Woman's Home and Foreign Mission- 
 ary Society," organized March 24, 1883, with Mrs. Mary S. Mosher as first 
 president. Mrs. S. V. Maxfield president in 1893-94. Other bodies are : 
 Ivadies' Aid Society ; Mrs. I,. E. McCoy, president. King's Messengers 
 Missionary Band ; Miss Mary Mo.sher, president. Young People's Society 
 of Christian Endeavor ; John D. Habbick, president. Junior Endeavor So- 
 ciety ; Robt. M. Allen, president. Sabbath school ; Walter Graves, super- 
 intendent. Trustees ; F. C. Bolt, president. 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church — was incorporated April 30, 1888 
 [county record gives Nov. 9, 1888], and held its meetings in the old College 
 building on Columbia Hill — now C. D. Daggett's residence. Its first mem- 
 bers were : Rev. Williel Thomson and Rev. A. M. Merwin ; J. R. Ells 
 and wife ; D. Gamble and wife ; Geo. Young and wife ; — — McLain and 
 wife ; T. F. Twinting and wife ; Mrs. A. F. Thompson ; and others. Their 
 first minister was Rev. Merwin, as "supply." Then Prof. Albert McCalla, 
 Ph. D., served them some months as "supply." But in 1891 Rev. A. A. 
 Dinsmore was installed as pastor, and still holds — 1895. 
 
 During the winter of 1888-89 they purchased a lot 138x200 feet (aver- 
 age) at corner of Columbia and Beacon street, and erected there a neat 
 little church edifice ; lot and building costing about $6,000. The church 
 was dedicated in April, 1889. Its auxiliary societies, besides Sunday 
 school, are Eadies' Missionary Society, — Y. P. S. Christian Endeavor. 
 Church members in April, 1895, about 30. 
 
 First United Presbyterian Church of Pasadena. — The first 
 meeting to consider the matter of organization was held in Williams hall. 
 Those present were : Rev. H. W. Crabbe from Eos Angeles ; Rev. James 
 Kelso and wife, A. W. McCormick and family, B. M. Kelso, and about 
 twenty others. The church was organized March 8, 1888, with the follow- 
 ing members : T. B. Simpson and family, Alex. McCormick and family, 
 Jared and Margaret Graham, Robt. Patterson, Jane Wallace, Rev. James 
 Kelso and family, James and Mrs. Robb and family, W. H. Kelso and 
 family, and B. M. Kelso. Services discontinued in April, 1892. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 The first Methodist sermon ever preached in Pasadena was b)^ Rev. 
 Solomon Dunton from Marshaltown, Iowa— father-in-law to Col. J. Ban- 
 bury. This was on February 14, 1875, in the original colony school-house 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 479 
 
 on Orange Grove Avenue, south. Rev. W. C. Mosher, Presbyterian, had 
 preached there just the Sunday previous the first sermon of any sort ever 
 delivered in this vicinage. The church people of the colony thus main- 
 tained a union meeting for some months. 
 
 April i8, 1875, a Methodist " class " was organized by Rev. J. M. 
 Campbell of Los Angeles, with I. N. Mundell as leader, and the following 
 first members : D. H. Pike, lyUcinda Pike, A. O. Porter, Anna Porter, P. 
 M. Green, Hettie Green, W. J. Barcus, Elmina P. Barcus, I. N. Mundell, 
 Anna Mundell, and Elizabeth Edwards. This of course was the beginning 
 of a distinctively Methodist church ; and on July 18, this year, Rev. F. D. 
 Bovard commenced preaching for them regularly every alternate Sunday. 
 This continued until September, when the Conference made Pasadena a part 
 of a circuit which included East lyos Angeles, Florence and Vernon also, 
 and Rev. C. W. Tarr was appointed over it. He preached at Pasadena 
 once in two weeks until April 23, 1876, when he held his last service here 
 in the then unfinished new Presbyterian church building on California 
 street. Mr. Tarr returned east, and Rev. J. W. Stump of L,os Angeles 
 preached here until July. Then on Julj^ 2, 1876, Rev. Charles Shelling 
 commenced his labors here, with a notable centennial sermon for that day, 
 and continued as the Methodist pastor of Pasadena until September, 1878. 
 
 October 13, 1876, Rev. Shelling, A. O. Porter, D. H. Pike and P. M. 
 Green were appointed a building committee to raise funds, buy a lot and let 
 contract for a church building of their own. Times were extremely " hard " 
 in California that year, and their numbers few ; yet by January 7, 1877, 
 they had their new church dedicated, free of debt. It stood where now is 
 the corner of Orange Grove Avenue and Palmetto drive. Mr. Shelling 
 also procured a church to be built at Alhambra, which was in bis circuit. 
 
 During the Conference year 1878-79, Rev. F. S. Woodcock was pastor 
 at Pasadena and Alhambra ; and in September, '79, the Pasadena church 
 reported 39 members. For the ensuing year Rev. E. S. Chase was pastor 
 of the two places. Then in September, 1880, Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth 
 was appointed ; he served the two places two years, and the third year had 
 Pasadena alone. [It was during this period that he prepared his book en- 
 titled " A California Paradise," which was published in 1883. It took in 
 Pasadena, Alhambra, San Gabriel, Ea Canyada, Sierra Madre and Duarte.] 
 During Farnsworth's last year a parsonage was built. 
 
 In September, 1883, Rev. J. B. Green became the pastor ; and during 
 his term the church was moved from its original site on Orange Grove 
 Avenue to a lot on Colorado street next*to Wiley & Greeley's livery stable. 
 In September, 1884, Rev. A. W. Bunker became the pastor and continued 
 two years. 
 
 January 23, 1886, it was decided to erect a new church and parsonage 
 combined, after a design furnished by Ridgway & Ripley, architects — to 
 
48o 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 cost $15,000. On Sunday, February 7, Rev. Dr. J. G. Miller preached a 
 sermon on the subject; and then $7,000 was pledged, in addition to $600 
 cash on hand, and the other property of the church valued at $3,000. A 
 building committee was appointed, as follows : C. B. Ripley, Geo. E- 
 Meharry, P. M. Green, C. W. Roberts, C. W. Buchanan, and the pastor. 
 Work was commenced on the foundation March 8, 1886 ; and on April 16 
 the corner stone was laid, with appropriate ceremonies. The stone itself 
 was donated by A. F. Mills, and the box or sealing casket by F. D. Stevens. 
 In the box were deposited twenty-eight diflferent books, documents, 
 papers, etc. At this time further subscriptions amounting to over $1000 
 were pledged for the building fund. The work went forward vigorously ; 
 and the Union of June 25, 1886, gave this summarized account of it : 
 
 "M. E. church and parsonage, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado 
 street ; Gothic style of architecture. Ridgway and Ripley, architects ; John 
 McCracken, superintending master workman. The combined building is 
 72x122 feet. The parsonage part contains eight rooms besides halls, 
 closets, pantry, bath-rooms, etc.; the church area is 70x78 feet; auditorium 
 45x45 on floor and 34 feet high, with front galler5^ Also, lecture room, 4 
 class rooms, pastor's study, church kitchen, church parlors ; tower and 
 steeple 140 feet from ground. Total cost, $15,000." 
 
 A report made on corner-stone day 
 showed that 268 persons had been full mem- 
 bers of this church since its organization. 
 On July 9th this year they sold their church 
 lot on Colorado street to Wiley & Greeley 
 and David Evey for $6,000 cash. (These 
 men afterward .sold the building to the Uni- 
 versalist people.) On March 20, 1887, the 
 new church was dedicated, free of debt. 
 December ii, 1890, its great steeple was 
 'blown down. [See page 165.] 
 
 In 1888 the people of this church 
 erected the historic building known as "The 
 Tabernacle," 80x90 feet, two stories, with 
 seating capacity of 2,000, at a cost of $10,700. 
 
 In September, 1886, Rev. P. F. Bresee, I). I)., became pastor, and was 
 continued four years, till 1890 ; then Rev. J. W. Phelps was appointed, and 
 continued three years. On September 26, 1893, Rev. Clark Crawford com- 
 menced his work as the pastor, and still fills the place in 1895. In April, 
 1895, the roll of members in full connection was 973 ; probationers about 
 40. Number of class meetings, 11. Members of Sunday school over 600. 
 The other auxiliary organizations are: Epworlh League, Junior E. L., 
 Boys' Brigade, Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, Young Women's F. 
 M. S., Wesley Band (missionary), Women's Home Missionary Society. 
 
 M. E. CHURCH. 
 After the steeple was blown down. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 48 1 
 
 These various missionary societies maintain the Chinese Mission on North 
 Marengo Avenue ; and also mission Sunday services at Lamanda Park and 
 lya Canyada. 
 
 The pulpit stand of the Tabernacle has been occupied by many famous 
 people, among whom I mention these : Rev. Sam Jones in 1888. The next 
 morning after speaking, Jones called on Dr. Bresee in his study and was 
 smoking a cigar. The room being small was soon filled with smoke, which 
 annoyed the Doctor, and he opened a window to get some unbefouled air. 
 Jones remarked, "You Pasadena people don't favor smoking very much ! " 
 Dr. Bresee hesitated a moment, scratching his head for an idea, then replied, 
 ' ' No ; we've repented of our sins. ' ' 
 
 On March 12, 1889, the world-famed evangelist, D. ly. Moody, preached 
 here, and was given a collection of $80. The attendance was reported at 
 2,000. August 5, 1890, the distinguished temperance orator of Kentucky, 
 Col. Geo. W. Bain, spoke here. In 1891 Rev. B. Fa}^ Mills, of preeminent 
 celebrity in evangelistic work, conducted meetings for a week in the Taber- 
 nacle. In September, 1894, Gen. Lew Wallace, whose masterful Christian 
 story of "Ben Hur" has been translated around the world, spoke here. 
 June 21, 1895, the world-famed vSusan B. Anthony and Rev. Anna H. Shaw 
 spoke here, on the Woman Suffrage question. 
 
 A printed report September 30, 1891, showed that the church had raised 
 and paid for current expenses the preceding year $7,432.15. 
 
 German Methodist Episcopal Church. — In 1882 Rev. G. H. Bol- 
 linger, presiding elder of the German district which included Pasadena, 
 commenced holding cottage services for the German people here, who were 
 few and widely scattered at that time. In the autumn they organized a 
 German M. E. church at the house of C. H. Biedebach, on north Santa 
 Anita Avenue near I^amanda Park, with fourteen members. Of this organ- 
 ization Mr. Biedebach was the class leader and local preacher ; and Chas. 
 Brenner was steward. December 23, 1886, they incorporated under the 
 name of "Emanuel Methodist Episcopal church," and bought a lot for a 
 church and parsonage at corner of Worcester Avenue and Ramona street, 
 where they erected buildings in the spring of 1887, at a cost of $3,500. 
 Church can seat 225. The first board of trustees were : C. Brenner, 
 A. Ruedy, and Henry, John and Conrad Biedebach. In April, 1895, the 
 church had about sixty-five members. Its successive pastors have been : 
 Rev. Bollinger, 1882-83; Rev. Wm. Schuldt, 1883 to 1886; Rev. L. E. 
 Schneider, 1886 to 1888; Rev. Schuldt again, 1888 to 1891 ; Rev. BolHnger 
 again, 1891, and serving yet — 1895. 
 
 North Pasadena M. E. Church.-- During the Conference year 
 1888-89, Rev. W. A. Wright was appointed to preach at the mission 
 stations of Olivewood and North Pasadena. The next year, 1889-90, Rev. 
 T. C. Miller was put on the same circuit. And then Rev. A, W. Bunker 
 
 31 
 
482 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 filled this appointment for the two years, i<S9o to 1892. During these years 
 the meetings had been held in a hired hall, but in 1892 this church bought 
 the Free Methodist church building on Pepper street, and have since 
 worshipped there. Rev. A. C. Manwell was the pastor in 1892-94. And 
 Rev. J. A. Wachob in 1894-95. 
 
 African Methodist Episcopal Church. — Rev. J. R. McClain 
 held a meeting at the house of Silas Carnahan, who then lived at the west 
 foot of Raymond Hill, about September i, 1889, at which only four or five 
 persons were present. But the next Sunday, September 5, a meeting was 
 held and the church organized in the old City Hall building on Raymond 
 Avenue, with the following first members: C. G. Lee, S. Carnahan, Hen- 
 derson Boone, A. lyumis, Alfred Summers, Mrs. Sadie Wright, Miss Mamie 
 Wright, Mrs. Penelope Prince and her sons Wm. and Frank M. Prince, 
 Mrs. James Coleman, Cora Cambell. The officers then were: Rev. McClain, 
 pastor ; Mr. Lee, superintendent Sunday school ; Carnahan, Summers, 
 Boone, and iVlbert Muse, trustees. After holding meetings in rented rooms 
 at different points for several years, they finally secured a lot on North Fair 
 Oaks Avenue near Villa street, and in 1892 built a church on it ; then in 
 1895 they added a parsonage, the lot and buildings costing $1,700. In 
 April, 1895, there were thirty-two members. Besides the Sunday school, 
 they have a Literary Society and a Woman's Mite Missionary Society. 
 
 Their successive pastors after McClain have been Rev. Curran, Rev. 
 
 Chas. Augustus, Rev. C. W. H. Nelson, Rev. W. R. Green, Rev. S. S. 
 Freeman. In 1894-95 the Pasadena pastor preached also at Duarte and 
 Pomona, where classes had been organized ~~ these three places making the 
 ' ' Pasadena circuit. ' ' 
 
 Free Methodist Church. — During the month of May, 1888, Rev. 
 C. B. Ebey of the Illinois Conference of the Free Methodist church came 
 to Pasadena. Assisted by Rev. C. E. McReynolds he conducted a .series of 
 meetings in a tent on grounds owned by Dr.' Reid, corner of Pasadena 
 Avenue and Kansas streets, and on Sunday, June 17, 1888, Rev. Ebey 
 organized the first Free Methodist church in Southern California. Names 
 of first members : J. A. Bennett, Sarah W. Bennett, Maggie F. Bennett, 
 E. E. Warren, Mrs. McReynolds, Mary McReynolds, C. M. Farr, Carrie 
 Farr, E. C. vShipley, I^liza Shipley, Eunice Shipley, Mattie Ebey, Wm. H. 
 Ball, Sadie Ball, Carrie Abbott. The first officers were : Rev. C. B. Ebey, 
 pastor ; J. A. Bennett, class leader ; E. C. Shipley, local preacher ; C. M. 
 Farr, J. H. Bennett, E. U. Warren, stewards. Later the tent was moved to 
 North Pasadena, where a more extensive work was accomplished, — a lot 
 purchased and a neat church built. In 1892 this property was sold to the 
 North Pasadena M. E. church, and a lot purchased on Fair Oaks Avenue, 
 near Chestnut street, on which a good church and parsonage were erected in 
 1892-93. The successive pastors after Ebey were : Rev. Chas. McReynolds, 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 483 
 
 1889. — Rev. Josephine Cowgill, 1890 — [now, 1895, serving as a missionary 
 in Jerusalem]. — Rev. David McL,eod, 1891-92 — now postmaster at North 
 Pasadena : and the new church on Fair Oaks Avenue was built under his 
 pastorate. — Rev. James Seals, 1894. — Rev. J. S. Phillips, 1895. 
 
 M. E. Church South. — Organized in May, 1889, with Rev. J. A. 
 Harmon as pastor. It was kept up over a year, then abandoned, the mem- 
 bers mostly uniting with other churches. 
 
 FRIENDS church. 
 
 In 1 88 1 a Quaker minister named Adonijah Gragory and wife settled 
 at Sierra Madre. and about August ist they commenced holding Sunday 
 
 FRIENDS CHURCH. Photo. 1895. 
 
 meetings of their own order at their house. To these meetings several 
 Pasadena families of the same persuasion frequently went, until June, 1882, 
 when they held the first Quaker meeting in Pasadena, at the home of Wm. 
 Sharpless on north Los Robles Avenue. There were present : A. Gragory 
 and wife, Wm. Sharpless and wife, Edith Painter, Samuel Bundy, Emmor 
 Rood, Tacy Rood, Robt. C. Hiatt and wife, and perhaps others. From this 
 time the meetings were held alternately at Mr. Gragory's in Sierra Madre 
 and in Pasadena at various private houses, as John and Edith Painter's. 
 Lawson Hollingsworth's, Samuel Bundy's, Smith James's, etc. 
 
 In July, 1883, John H. Painter gave lumber and leased a lot on North 
 Marengo Avenue above Illinois street, and a small building was erected in 
 which to hold the meetings. Then a church was regularly organized, and 
 
484 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 a Monthly Meeting also, with 67 original members. This first meeting 
 occurred on the first Saturday of March, 1884. A Sunday school was also 
 organized, with T. K. Buf kin as superintendent. 
 
 In 1885, Rev. Jeremiah A. Grinnell became pastor of the church — the 
 first to fill this office ; and he also served as a presiding elder, visiting, en- 
 couraging and aiding all the churches of this order in Southern California. 
 The successive pastors after Father Grinnell have been : Reuben H. 
 Hartley ; C. C. Reynolds ; Dr. Wm. Nicholson ; Ruth B. Ridges ; Prof. 
 C. E. Tebbetts — 1895. In 1888 a Christian Endeavor society was organ- 
 ized within the church, with C. C. Reynolds its first president. And before 
 this a Woman's Foreign Mission society had been formed. 
 
 Earl}^ in 1886, a new church edifice was erected at the corner ot 
 Marengo Avenue and Mountain street, at a cost of $3,500, and seating over 
 300. It was dedicated November 28, 1886. In 1S94 this church was 
 moved to a more central location, corner of Raymond Avenue and Villa 
 street, and considerably enlarged, at a cost of $2,800. Rededicated first 
 Sunday in March, 1895. 
 
 In 1895 the Whittier Quarterly Meeting was divided, so as to establish 
 a Pasadena Quarterl}^ Meeting, composed of Monthly Meetings at Pasadena, 
 Wildomar, Eong Beach, San Jose and Berkeley. (The original organization 
 was incorporated Ma}^ 16, 1891, under title of " Pasadena Quarterly Meeting 
 Society of Friends, to assemble at Whittier.") 
 
 Pasadena Meeting, Society of Friends, under Discipline of Ohio 
 Yearly Meeting. — The first meeting of this order was held Decembers, 
 1886, at the house of Wtn. Penn Evans, corner Walnut street and Los 
 Robles Avenue — the place now called "Rosedale," and owned in 1894 95 by 
 R. M. Furlong, Those present at this meeting were : David Evans, Sarah 
 T. House, Elisha Roberts and wife, Ann Sharpless, Mary Hanner, Josiah 
 Stratton and family, Allen and Mary Lee, Caroline Cope, W. P. Evans and 
 wife, Edward Sharpless, Wm, Shaw and family. Meetings were held at the 
 same place for about a year ; and afterward at Wm. Shaw's house at Monks 
 Hill, and other private houses, until the spring of 1894, when they built a 
 goodl}' meeting house at the corner of Galena Avenue and Villa street. 
 Mary Lee is a minister. Abram Cowgill is clerk of the society. There 
 were about fifty-five members in April, 1895. The Daily Staroi January 8, 
 1895, said : 
 
 " A committee from the Hickory Grove (Iowa) Quarterly Meeting of 
 Friends, composed of Zacheus Test and wife (parents of our townsman, 
 L- L. Test), John Thomas and wife, Albert Emmons and wife, Anna 
 Painter (sister of M. D. Painter), Nathan Satterthwaite and Joshua Smith 
 arrived here Saturday night for the purpo.se of establishing a " Meeting of 
 Discipline " in the Friends church on the corner of Villa and Galena. The 
 visit will result in giving the society full power as the Pasadena Monthly 
 Meeting, under the Iowa Quarterly and Yearly Meeting." 
 
DIVISION SEVERN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 485 
 
 FIRvST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The first meeting to talk up organization was held November 
 7, 1883, in Good Templars' hall in the old Library building. 
 Those present were Rev. J. J. Woolsey, Rev. S. S. Fisk and wife, 
 Henry Fisk, W. P. Jacobson, Miss Carrie Jacobson, D. Williams, O. S. 
 Barber and wife, F. C. Quarles and wife, Mrs. Mary E. Case, Mrs. Martin 
 MuUins. The next Sunday, November 14, they met again and completed 
 the organization by electing Rev. Fisk as pastor ; E. T. Pierce, clerk ; 
 S. Washburn, treasurer. 
 
 May I, 1885, pastor Fisk resigned. The church had now secured Wil- 
 liams hall for its meetings, and preaching services were led by Rev. L. W. 
 Hayhurst and others as "supply" until March, 1886, when Rev. T. N. 
 Lord became the pastor. On March 23 articles of incorporation were 
 adopted, and the first board of directors chosen, to-wit : S. Washburn, A. J. 
 Brown, Dr. Theron Nichols, L. F. Miller, Joseph Wallace. At same time 
 a lot 75x210 feet was purcha.sed from Charles Legge at corner of Fair Oaks 
 Avenue and Locust street, for $1,800, 
 and steps taken to proceed at once 
 with the erection of a church edifice. 
 This work was pushed to completion 
 so that they held their first Sunday 
 services within its walls on September 
 26, 1886. On February 27, 1887, the 
 church was dedicated, free of debt; 
 and the treasurer's report (showing all 
 bills paid) footed up the total cost as 
 $7,777.77 — a most singular sextuple 
 tally of the Scriptural "perfect num- 
 ber." In August, 1887, pastor Lord 
 resigned. And Januar}- 22, 1888, Rev. first baptist church. Photo. 1S94. 
 
 C. E. Harris became the pastor, in which office he continued until his death, 
 September 25, 1894. During 1893-94 a considerable addition was built to 
 the church. The membership in 1894 was 212. Volumes in library, 305. 
 The church auxiliaries, besides Sunday school, are : Ladies Aid Society, 
 Ladies Missionary Society, Children's Mission Band, Baptist Young People's 
 Union. Officers in 1894 : Pastor, Rev. C. E. Harris. Trustees: Milford Fish, 
 J. W. Camper, Ernest Canfield, A. A. Chubb, C. A. Whitman. Deacons: 
 L. F. Miller, E. Canfield, M. Fish, A. J. Brown. Clerk, Geo. Taylor; 
 treasurer, Milford Fish. Superintendent Sunday school, J. H. Merriam. 
 Rev. C. T. Douglas entered upon the pastorate April 21, 1895. 
 
 A printed report Of 1893 gives the value of the church property as 
 $8,000. Amount of church expenses for the preceding year, $1,485.08 ; 
 and other contributions for various branches of church mission work, mak- 
 ing the total of funds raised and paid out, $1,855.53. 
 
486 tilSTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 German Baptist Church. — A Baptist Convention report of 1893 ^^s 
 in its list of churches, "Pasadena German; Theodore Hansen, clerk — 
 organized in 1887." But no other data are given. The Pasadena Stajidard 
 of November 23, 1889, said: "The German Baptist or Dunkard society of 
 Pasadena procured a lot and erected a church building, about two j^ears ago, 
 by borrowing money therefor and giving a mortgage of $3,300 on the prop- 
 erty. The members were poor, many of them have moved away, the 
 mortgage had to be foreclosed, and now the holder, Wm. H. Wood, has the 
 premises in lawful possession." 
 
 Rev. F. C. Koehler, a German Baptist preacher, resided here at that 
 time ; and his name was still in the list of Pasadena clergymen in 1893. 
 
 Friendship Baptist Church of Pasadena (Colored). — The first 
 meeting to talk up organization was held at the home of Mrs. Maria Hill on 
 Vernon Avenue. A Sunday school was commenced on the fourth Sunday 
 in June, 1893, by Robert McDow ; then a prayer meeting was formed, 
 which grew into a church that was organized the third Sunday in Septem- 
 ber, 1893. The names of the first members were : J. M. Fowler, R. Scott, 
 Maria Hill, Mittie Scott, Rosa Fowler, Alice Griffin, Anna Fowler, Rowena 
 Ballard, Henrietta Fowler. Rev. J. M. Fowler was the first pastor, and 
 Reuben Scott the first deacon. The number of members in 1894 was 25. 
 Rev. Fowler still pastor ; Scott, deacon, with Henry Griffin and James 
 Coleman added ; W. C. Dent, clerk ; J. Coleman, treasurer. Superintendent 
 of Sunday school, Y. M. Moulton ; assistant superintendent, Mrs. Cora 
 Strother. 
 
 episcopal church. 
 
 All through the month of February, 1884, the Pasadena Union 
 contained this notice in its weekly list of churches: "Episcopal. — 
 Services every Sunday, except first of month, at 3 o'clock. Sunday 
 school at 2 p. M." No names mentioned nor place of meeting given. 
 But in the paper of March 8th the notice was changed to read thus: 
 "Episcopal. — Services every Sunday, in Williams Hall at 11 o'clock." 
 Still no name given of who conducted the services. But the paper of 
 April 5th announced that on and after April 6th these services would be 
 held in Library Hall at 3 p.m., by Rev. A. W, Macnab, the newly appointed 
 missionary ; and on and after Easter Sunday the services would be held 
 regularly at 11 a. m, (It appears that the services previously had been 
 conducted by the Dean, N. G. L. Trew, of San Gabriel.) In the paper of 
 May 10 it was first designated as "All Saints Mission, Pasadena, Branch of 
 San Gabriel Valley Associate Mi.ssions. " 
 
 In February, 1885, Rev. Macnab engaged Ridgway & Ripley to build 
 a chapel for this mission, on East Colorado street, near where Euclid Avenue 
 is now. In March Capt. D. R. Risley gave a Bible for the pulpit, and E. T. 
 Hurlbut gave a communion service. The chapel was completed and first 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 487 
 
 occupied for Easter services April 5, 1885, Rev. Macnab and Rev. J. B. 
 Britton officiating. The next day the annual meeting was held, with Dean 
 Trew present, and the building committee reported debts all paid. The 
 first parish officers were : Dr. J. M. Radebaugh, warden ; C. Scharff, secre- 
 tary ; W. S. Arnold, treasurer ; J. W. Hugus and Ben E. Ward delegates to 
 diocesan convention. [This chapel was ultimately sold to the North Pasa- 
 dena Congregational church, who moved it north, reconstructed and added 
 to it, and have it now in use^ 1895.] 
 
 Succeeding Rev. Macnab, Rev. J. D. H. Browne was installed rector 
 July II, 1886. Early in 1888 the work was commenced for erection of their 
 present fine Gothic stone church on North Euclid Avenue. In 1889 Rev. 
 G. A. Ottman succeeded Rev. Browne in the rectorship, and started a local 
 parish paper called All Sahits Record. [See page 219.] In 1891 Rev. 
 Wyllys Hall, D. D., succeeded Rev. Ottman as rector, and still fills the 
 office — 1895. 
 
 Auxiliary societies within the church are : Saint Andrew's Brotherhood; 
 the Woman's Guild — divided into eight chapters for special branches of 
 church work ; the Choir Guild ; Daughters of the King. The rector is ex- 
 officio president of each one. A report by the church treasurer. Dr. E. E. 
 Gay lord, March 27, 1894, showed total funds raised by the church during 
 the preceding year, $4, 167.41. Expended, $4,152.33. Besides this, there 
 had been received for the building fund $1,653; a"<i pai<i out from it 
 $1,540.50. April 7, 1893, the Woman's Guild gave in the Grand Opera 
 House an exhibition called "Pageant of Roses," composed and arranged 
 for them by Mrs. C. D. Daggett, which was the most elaborate and gorgeous 
 entertainment ever given in Pasadena by any church. It was for the benefit 
 of the church building fund, toward which this guild contributed during 
 the year $1,456. 
 
 Januarj' 27, 1895, an aluminum pipe organ, just completed in the 
 church at a cost of $3,500, was first used and dedicated for Christian 
 worship. 
 
 FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 
 
 (Also called "Disciples," or "Disciples of Christ.") The first meeting 
 of this order in Pasadena was on May 11, 1884, at the home of 'L,. H. Bixby 
 on South Eos Robles Avenue. Those present were : E. C. Foote and wife, 
 L. H. Bixby and wife, C. M. Phillips and wife, Mrs. Sarah J. Allen, J. M. 
 Craig and wife, E. A. Evans and wife, F. A. Foote, and Miss May Phillips. 
 These people kept up "Cottage Meetings" for nearly two years, then 
 rented Eibrary Hall and engaged Elder B. F. Coulter of Eos Angeles to 
 preach for them. May 17, 1886, they became incorporated, and in this step 
 there were added to the above names those of F. M. Randolph and wife, P. 
 
 A. Riggins and wife, Martin Davis and wife, Mrs. Edith Robbins, Mrs. John 
 
 B. Hill, Mrs. W. H. Wiley, Mrs. Geo. A. Greeley. Their first board oi 
 
488 
 
 tllSTORY OF PASADItNA. 
 
 FIRST CHRIbTi; 
 
 directors were Luther 
 Foote, Evans, Randolph, 
 Bixby, and PhiUips. 
 They bought from A. F. 
 Mills a lot on DeLacy 
 street for $450, and pro- 
 ceeded at once to build 
 a hou.se of worship. De- 
 cember II, 1890, this 
 building was blown 
 down. [See page 165.] 
 The society then secured 
 a vacant store-room on 
 North Fair Oaks Avenue 
 """'°''y^- and fitted it up for their 
 
 use. But in 1892, under the energetic pastorship of Elder T. D. Garvin, 
 they bought the lot and built the handsome little church in Norman 
 style of architecture, on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Mary 
 street, as it stands in 1895. The successive pastors of this church have 
 been : Elders B. F. Coulter, John A. Hedrick, F. W. Pattee, A. J. Wood, 
 Wm. Bayard Craig, T. D. Garvin, H. Elliott Ward. The membership in 
 April, 1895, was sometliing over 300. Auxiliarj^ organizations within the 
 church are : Ladies' Aid Society, Eadies' Missionary Society, Young People's 
 Society of Christian Endeavor, Junior Y. P. S. C.E., Bible School, Chinese 
 Mission School. 
 
 Holiness Church. — In 1884 the people of this order built a little 
 church in the vicinity of North Moline Avenue and Ashtabula street, in 
 O. K. Hines's subdivision. At that time that location was "away out in 
 the country." Among its principal members were Isaac McCollum and 
 family; Mrs. Eliza Jacobson and her daughter Carrie, and a few others. In 
 1888 they held a camp meeting on Dr. Reid 'slots at corner of Pasadena Avenue 
 and Kansas street ; and then they rented the frame building next south of 
 the Wooster block on Fair Oaks Avenue, occupying it as their church and 
 parsonage. Rev. J. H. Clark, pastor till 1893, when he and his wife joined 
 the Salvation Army and went into its missionary work. In 1893 the society 
 established their church on North Fair Oaks Avenue, near Peoria street. 
 
 FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 The first religious services of this order ever held in Pasadena 
 was in an unfinished upper room called Wakeley's hall, on Colorado 
 street, on Sunday, May 10, 1885. Rev. J. H. Warren, I). D., of 
 San Francisco, state superintendent of Home Missions, had come 
 here to view the field. That was the only room he could get. It 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 489 
 
 had no seats, and he borrowed about two dozen chairs from the roller 
 skating rink to serve his purpose. The only names I found of persons 
 present at that first meeting were : Mrs. R. E. Burnham, Miss Etta Burn- 
 ham, Dr. Rachel F. Reid, F. R. Harris, Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Painter, Mr. 
 and Mrs. J. F. Steen, Mrs. C. P. Brown; though there were some others. 
 There was .some talk about organizing a church ; some favored it, and .some 
 did not ; and no definite steps were taken. In July arrangements were 
 made for Rev. J. T. Ford, the Home Missionary of Southern California, to 
 come, which he did, and preached on August 2, in the same room. At this 
 meeting a few were ready' (some ten or twelve at least) to organize and form 
 a nucleus of a Congregational church. But now it was strongly urged that 
 the Presbyterian church was struggling with difficulties, trying to secure 
 and sustain a pastor ; that many of its members were old-time Congrega- 
 tionalists ; and if this new church were started it would tend to disintegrate, 
 cripple and embarrass that one. Upon this view of the case it was finally 
 ''Resolved, That as a matter of Christian courtesy and good will toward the 
 Presbyterian church, we defer the matter of oganization for the present." 
 This was adopted, and no further action taken on that line. Then in Oc- 
 tober following occurred the split in the Presbyterian church over the ques- 
 tion of removal [see page 476]. and many of its members withdrew. A 
 conference was then held at Wm. T. Clapp's residence, and a committee 
 consisting of Mrs. Dr. Reid, Mrs. R. E. Burnham, Mrs, I. M. Hill, Miss 
 Annie Clapp, Miss Olive Eaton, Mrs. E. A. Nims, and Mrs. H. J. Holmes 
 was appointed to ascertain who in the community would unite to organize a 
 Congregational church. Another meeting was held at Mr. Clapp's house 
 on November 7, to hear the report of this committee, and they brought in 
 forty-tw^o names asking for such an organization. Rev. Dr. Warren was 
 present by invitation and for counsel, and the following business committees 
 were then appointed : 
 
 I. To procure a suitable place for holding church services tempor- 
 arily — James Cambell, I. M. Hill, H. J. Holmes, M. D. Painter. 2. To 
 procure site for a church edifice — Wm. T. Clapp, Thomas Green, I. B. 
 Clapp, M D. Painter, J. F. Steen. 3. To prepare a form of creed and 
 covenant^Rev. J. B. Ford, Dr. H. A. Reid, Mrs. I. B. Clapp.. 4. On 
 music — Miss Annie Clapp and Mrs. E. A. Nims. 
 
 The ensuing Sunday, Nov. 8, 1885, services were held in the college 
 building on Columbia hill [now Mr. Daggett's residence] by Dr. Warren 
 and Rev. J. B. Ford. After the service a congregational meeting was held, 
 The report of committee on creed was read and adopted. Then Rev. Ford. 
 Dr. Reid, W. T. Clapp, John Ross, J. F. Steen, were appointed to issue 
 letters missive inviting the other Congregational churches to send delegates 
 to a council here, 'to examine the creed adopted, and other steps taken ; and 
 if approved, to give this new church their formal fellowship. At later 
 
490 
 
 HISTORY OV PASADENA. 
 
 business meetings the first officers of the church were elected, thus : 
 Deacons — for four years, W. T. Clapp ; for three years, John Ross ; for two 
 years, A. A. Burrows ; for one year, Geo. A. Green. Church clerk, I. B. 
 Clapp ; church treasurer, Dr. H. A. Reid. Superintendent of Sunday 
 school, Geo. A. Green ; S. S. .secretary and treasurer, James A. Gates. The 
 council and installation services occurred on December i and 2, 1885 ; and 
 the Val/ev Union of December 4, said in its report : 
 
 \^iBk^:^i^ 
 
 FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Plioto. iSg.s. 
 
 "Then came the ceremony of instituting the church, by the members 
 all rising and giving their assent to the creed which they had them.selves 
 publicl}^ prepared and adopted, not as a cast-iron jacket which all must 
 wear alike, ])ut for "substance of doctrine," as held in common, and with all 
 reasonable christian liberty of conscience ; then the solemn and affecting 
 mutual covenant with each other in their new church brotherhood ; then 
 the ordination of four deacons previously chosen by the church ; then the 
 warm, genial, and inspiring presentation of the fellow.ship, sympalhy, and 
 prayerful "God speed ye," of the sister churches; all concluding with the 
 memorial service, or Sacrament of the Lord's supper." 
 
DIVISION se;ve;n — societary. 491 
 
 The list of first members was 42 by letter aud 3 on profession of faith. 
 
 Preaching was maintained by "supply" for some weeks ; then Rev. 
 Arthur Smith, a returned missionary from China was engaged, and con- 
 tinued to fill the pulpit until March 28, 1886 — when he was recalled to his 
 missionary work. The services were held in the old college building. 
 Meanwhile the committee on building site was at work. Several eligible points 
 were found ; and on June 21, 1886, final choice was made of the lot 160x275 
 feet, price $2,500, where the church now stands, corner Pasadena Avenue 
 and California street. In December, 1886, Rev. D. U. Hill was engaged as 
 pastor. The erection of a church building was pushed vigorously ; and it 
 was occupied as soon as built ; but being considerably in -debt, it was not 
 dedicated until October 29, 1891, when the debt had been cleared off, and a 
 pipe organ had been furnished the church by Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Scoville. 
 The building and grounds cost $35,000. 
 
 October i, 1894, pastor Hill resigned ; and March 31, 1895, Rev. H. 
 W. Lathe was called to the pastorate, and commenced his labors the first 
 Sunday in May. Membership, 317. 
 
 Besides its Sunday school, this church has auxiliary organizations as 
 follows : Ladies Aid Society. — Womans Missionary Society. — Y. P. S. C. E. ; 
 and Junior Y. P. S. C. K. — Chinese Mission ; and Chinese Sunday .school. — 
 Children's Missionary Society. 
 
 North Congregational Church. — On December 18, 1887, Rev. E. 
 Bickford, a Congregational home missionary, preached in a barn west of the 
 Painter hotel ; and the next Sunday, December 25, a Sunday school was or- 
 ganized there, with Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Painter as the leading workers. It 
 soon outgrew the barn, and Dr. G Roscoe Thomas's hall was secured for its 
 ses.sions. Mr. Bickford continued to preach for these people until July 15, 
 1888, when Rev. H. T. Staats took up the work. And on May 3, 1889, a 
 Congregational church was organized, with seventeen members. They 
 bought from the Universalist parish the same building which had been the 
 first Methodist church of Pasadena — first erected on lower Orange Grove 
 Avenue ; then moved to Colorado street ; then moved to Chestnut street, 
 and now moved up Raymond Avenue to Jefferson street. In December, 
 1891, this little church was demolished by a wind storm. [See page 165.] 
 The society next bought the original Episcopal chapel on East Colorado 
 street and moved it to their own lot and built some additions to it, making a 
 much prettier and more commodious house of worship than they had before. 
 Its total cost, besides some back debt, was $2,034 ; ^"<i o^ March 27, 1892, 
 it was dedicated — all clear of debt. Its membership in April, 1895, is about 
 seventy. The auxiliary societies are — Ladies Missionary and Aid Society ; 
 and Young People's Christian Endeavor. 
 
492 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 The first Catholic religious services ever held in Pasadena was on Sun- 
 daj^ January 9, 1886, when mass was celebrated in the lyos Angeles house, 
 by courtesy of Mr. Banta. After mass a bu.siness meeting was held to talk 
 up the matter of building a church. The next meeting was at the residence 
 of G. T. Stamm, on South Marengo Avenue, Sunday May 23, 1886. In 
 November and December, 1887, their church was built, at the corner of 
 Pasadena Avenue and Bellefontaine Avenue, and mass was celebrated there 
 for the first time on December 18, 1887, by Rev. Father Hartnett. The 
 Pasadena Star of March 30, 1892, said: "Jas. T. Smith, president of the 
 Young Men's Catholic Institute, and Geo. Stanley, secretary, attended a 
 meeting of the Institute in Knights of Pythias hall last night, and ten new 
 members were received. J. A. Maclntyre is president of the society." 
 
 Rev. Cornelius Scannell became pastor in 1893, and continues yet, 1895. 
 
 FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. 
 
 The first preaching services of the Universalist persuasion ever held in 
 Pasadena was in Williams hall, April 18 and 25, and May i and 7, 1886, by 
 Rev. Miss Florence E. Kollock, then pastor of the Inglewood church at 
 Chicago, and a graduate of the St. lyawrence Divinity School, New York. 
 Arrangement for these meetings was made by Hon. A. G. Throop, "Father 
 Throop" of honored memory. On May 7, after Miss KoUock's sermon, 
 James A. Gates reported progress in the matter of securing names to organ- 
 ize a Universalist church. Father Throop submitted the Universahst creed, 
 and the form of constitution in use at Riverside and other points ; and they 
 were adopted. Then Mr. Gates, Mrs. S. E. Merritt, and Byron O. Clark 
 were appointed to canvass for members. The Star of June 4 reported thus : 
 
 "The Universalists completed their parish organization last Sunday, and 
 elected as board of directors : Hon. A. G. Throop, moderator ; Mrs. S. E. 
 Merritt, secretary ; Mrs. H. J. Vail, treasurer ; J. A. Gates, Mrs. Filey Ar- 
 nold, Prof. J. D. Yocuni, J. D. Ripley. Mr. Gates, chorister. Williams 
 hall was leased for holding regular preaching services." 
 
 Meetings were sustained and members added, under this parish organiza- 
 tion, until April 21, 1889, when a church organization was formed with 97 
 members, who elected Prof. Yocum moderator ; Elisha Millard, treasurer ; 
 E. E. Spaulding, clerk. For deacons : Hon. A. G. Throop, M. W. Stim- 
 son, N. M. Johnson, J. B. Corson, Mrs. E. C. Bradley, Mrs. H. M. Conger. 
 Meanwhile they had purchased the old colony church building of the 
 Methodist people and moved it from Colorado street up to the corner of 
 Fair Oaks Avenue and Chestnut street, where Machinery Hall of the Throop 
 Institute now stands ; and here was where the " parish" was advanced to a 
 " church " organization on that Ea.ster Sunday. 
 
 In 1888-89 they built their present church edifice, on corner of Ray- 
 mond Avenue and Chestnut street. March 19, 1SS9, it was first opened to 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 493 
 
 a public audience, when Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, of world-wide fame, 
 delivered there her brilliant lecture entitled, "A Dreani of To-morrow." 
 At the annual meeting in May, 1889, the building committee reported that the 
 new church property had cost $56,000, and was $20,000 in debt. This debt 
 was, within two years later, all removed, chiefly by the munificence of 
 "Father Throop," who once told me himself that he had $40,000 in it, 
 although it was against his judgment, he said, to undertake so large and 
 a costly structure. 
 
 FIRST UNIVERSALIS! CHURCH. Photo. 1895. 
 Romanesque Architecture. West-by-north view. 
 
 A report in November, 1894, gave $65,000 as total cost ot the grounds, 
 church building and furnishings. And since that time a $5,000 organ has 
 been added. The library contained 300 volumes in 1894; and the roll of 
 
 membership was 256. The successive pastors have been : Rev. Briggs, 
 
 in 1886-87; Rev. E. Iv. Conger, D. D., 1888 to 1893; Rev. Florence E. 
 Kollock, A. M., associate pastor in 1892-93, and sole pastor in 1893-94-95. 
 In May, 1895, Miss Kollock resigned ; and in June Rev. W. M. Jones was 
 elected to the pastorate, to commence September i, 1895. Its auxiliary 
 societies are: Woman's lycague; Young People's Christian Union; Fort- 
 nightly Club. 
 
 SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This church was organized in June, 1888, in a tent on Villa street, near 
 Reservoir No. 2, by Elder E. A. Briggs. The first members were : J. T. 
 
494 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 Butler and wife; L,. H. Buchanan and wife; L,. D. Franklin and wife; L- 
 H. Orr ; Mrs. Dora Fisher ; Miss Mary Larson ; Miss Mj^rtle Griswold ; 
 
 Mrs. Crosb}^ and others. In November and December of same year 
 
 they built a small church on Waverly Drive. Then in 1893 they built a 
 new and larger church at corner of Raymond Avenue and Mountain street — 
 the lot and building costing about $1,500. It was dedicated in September, 
 1893. Auxiliaries within the church, besides Bible study class, are : Mothers 
 Meeting Society; Missionary Society. Trustees in 1895: L. D. Benton, J. 
 
 T. Butler, Scanlan. Number of members, 35. Elder George Bremner 
 
 in charge. 
 
 First-Day Advent Christian Church. — In October, 1894, Elder L. 
 A. Wilkerson commenced preaching in a tent on North Fair Oaks Avenue ; 
 then he occupied G. A. R. Hall for some months, under name of "Church 
 of the Blessed Hope"; bi;t in April, 1895, re-established their tent on Fair 
 Oaks Avenue, opposite the end of Mary street. The church was formally 
 organized April 19, 1895, the first members being Elder A. E. Vesper and 
 wife; A. E. Pinkham and wife; Smith James and wife; E. F. Knox and 
 wife; Jas. Mushrush and wife; B. T. Knight and wife; Misses Edith and 
 Bertha Tipple ; Daniel Kinkaid, Geo. Moore, and others. 
 
 GERMAN LUTHERAN ST. PAULUS CHURCH. 
 First meeting, to consider the matter of organization, was held in Opera 
 House Block, hall No. 11, November 10, 1893. Those present were 
 C. Klein, A. Frank, A. Golderer, E. R. Strabendorf, A. Wolf, H. Ahrens, 
 A. Lindner, A. Lau. The church was organized November 17, 1883, in 
 the Opera House Block. The first members were same as above, besides 
 G. Borman, W. Tenhaef, W. Fachan, F. Weik, J. Schaufle, F. Mertz, 
 — Bonowald. The first officers were: Frank, president; Wolf, treasurer; 
 Klein, secretary ; these, with F. Weik and E. R. Strabendorf constituting 
 the board of trustees. Pastor, Rev. Geo. Saager. A church was built in 
 1893-94 on the corner of Vernon Avenue and Walnut street, costing $1,500, 
 Number of members in May, 1894, were twenty-five. A Sunday school is 
 also maintained. 
 
 SWEDEN BORGI AN. 
 
 In 1892 93 Rev. Mr. Bartlett, a niinister of the Swedenborgian or 
 " New Jerusalem " denomination preached a few months at the Grand Opera 
 House ; but no church was organized, and the meetings ceased. 
 
 APPLIED CHRISTIANITY. 
 In August, 1894, al)0ut 100 persons united in inviting Rev. R. M. 
 Webster, a Congregationalist clergyman, to give a series of twelve dis- 
 courses in Pasadena during the vacation weeks of the regular churches ; 
 and G. A. R. hall was secured as their place of meeting. Judge A. J. 
 Utley, Prof. D. M. Harrison and Mrs. Katie M. Keese were the executive 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 495 
 
 committee of this movement, and W. I. Keese, treasurer. After the twelve- 
 Sundays engagement had been fulfilled, he was re-engaged for six months. 
 Then in July, 1895, ^ more formal organization was effected. [Data not 
 furnished.] 
 
 woman's christian temperance union. 
 
 In the spring of 1883 Miss Frances K. Willard, president of the 
 National W. C. T. U., visited California, and organized a union at Los An- 
 geles, among other places. At this time she visited Pasadena and gave a 
 lecture in Williams hall. Later in the season Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, 
 starting on her famous around-the-world-missionary tour, which took her 
 seven years to accomplish, visited Pasadena and organized the W. C. T. U. 
 here September 8, 1883. Ten women were present at the organization, but 
 others joined soon, and up to January, 1884, the list of members were : 
 Mrs. ly. A. Fisk, whose husband was then pastor of the Baptist church ; 
 Mrs. James Smith, Mrs. T. T. Rood, Mrs. George Bancroft, Mrs. E. R. 
 Sheldon, wife of Dr. F. K. Sheldon, who started the first drug store here ; 
 Mrs. A. C. Townsend, Mrs. Mary E. Case, Mrs. S. Washburn, Mrs. Benj. 
 Rice, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Mrs. Dr. Lord, Miss Ella Bryant, Mrs. A. O. Por- 
 ter, Mrs. L. D. Hollingsworth, Mrs. M. Mullins, whose husband first opened 
 Kansas street and laid out the first recorded village plat in Pasadena ; Mrs. 
 P. M. Green, Mrs. Louisa M. Woodin, M. D. The officers at this time 
 were : Mrs. Rev. Fisk, president ; Mrs. Dr. Sheldon, secretary and treas- 
 urer ; Mrs. O. S. Barber, financial secretary. Of these first members, some 
 have died, some have moved away, some have dropped out of the work, 
 but Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Barber and Mrs. Lord are still working members of 
 this Union — 1895. 
 
 In April, 1884, the famous Mrs. J. Ellen Foster of Iowa, visited this 
 Union, and under its auspices gave a lecture in Williams hall, which resulted 
 in the organization of the first Prohibition Club in Pasadena, April 14. 
 [See page 229.] According to a report in the Valley Union newspaper of 
 April 26, 1884, Mrs. Foster and her husband were given free entertainment 
 by Mrs. Banta at the Los Angeles House ; and the rival stage companies 
 then running (Vore's and Kilgore's) both offered them free transportation 
 from and to Los Angeles. They were the "lions " of the hour. 
 
 In April, 1886, this W. C. T. U. was visited by Mrs. Letitia Youmans, 
 president of the Dominion W. C. T. U. of Canada, and leader of the tem- 
 perance work in that province. During her stay in Pasadena Mrs. Youmans 
 was the guest of Dr. Rachel F. Reid, and preached twice for the First Con- 
 gregational church. She was a notably large woman — weighed 250 
 pounds — and the U^iion newspaper of April 23 said : " She has a gospel 
 power in proportion to her avoirdupois." The same paper of November 
 13, 1886, contained this historic item : 
 
 " At the last meeting of the W. C. T. U. of Pasadena, a little episode 
 
496 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 occurred which is worth printing. The name of Mrs. Ruth Thompson, 
 daughter of 'Old John Brown — Ossawatomie Brown,' was proposed for 
 membership, with the remark that she was a worthy daughter of the famous 
 anti -slavery martyr. Instead of voting by the usual sign of uplifted hand, 
 the members in this case all arose to their feet and sung with great unction 
 and fervor the rousing song — 
 
 " 'John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave, 
 But his soul goes marching on.' 
 " And so Mrs. Thompson was unanimously elected, with a 'hallelujah ' 
 thrown in. ' ' 
 
 The Union newspaper of January 29, 1887, published a furnished re; 
 port, from which I quote these historic points : 
 
 " Mrs. Margaret Parker, from England, [Scotland] first president of the 
 world's W. C. T. U., was present, and strengthened our hearts with her 
 words of cheer. Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, one of Iowa's leading workers, told 
 how much better prohibition succeeds there than some of the newspapers 
 would have us think. Mrs. Gordon, missionary to Japan, gave us a most 
 pleasing account of our temperance around-the-world missionary, Mrs. 
 Leavitt, who organized our Pasadena luiion ; and Mrs. Ruth Brown Thomp- 
 son, whom we have all learned to love for her own as well as her father's 
 sake, told us how John Brown smashed the whisky barrel." 
 
 Mrs. Parker was then a guest of Thomas Nelmes, a fellow countryman. 
 In the autumn of 1887, the Pasadena W. C. T. U. was visited by Mary T. 
 Lathrop, the woman orator of Michigan, who.se fame spans the continent, 
 and who was also a member of the National Prohibition committee. She 
 was entertained at the Carlton hotel, and gave a public lecture in the M. E. 
 church to a large audience. In May, 1889, this Union was visited by Mrs. 
 Henrietta G. Moore of Ohio, a lecturer and organizer for the National 
 W. C. T. U.; and while here she was the guest of Mrs. Dr. O. H. Conger. 
 A report in the Pasadena Standard of September 21, 1889, gave a list of vice- 
 presidents who represented the W. C. T. U. in the different churches ot the 
 city, thus : Baptist church, Mrs. Addie Camper ; Presbyterian, Mrs. C. D. 
 Case ; Episcopal, Mrs. James Smith ; Friends, Mrs. G. M. Keese ; Methodi.st, 
 Mrs. E. Griffith ; Universalist, Mrs. J. C. Hance ; First Congregational, 
 Mrs. H. N. Farey ; North Congregational, Mrs. H. K. W. Bent ; Christian, 
 Mrs. Dr. Allen. Dr. Rachel F. Reid was then president. 
 
 A Young Woman's Christian Tkmpkrance Union was maintained 
 about two years and then expired. 
 
 A EoYAL Temperance Eegion has l)een maintained about four years 
 as a juvenile auxiliary order — practically the W. C. T. U. Sunday school. 
 Mrs. Mary C. Glass, superintendent, 1894-95. 
 
 ladies' union prayer meeting. 
 In June, 1886, Mrs. F. H. Burdick and Mrs. M. Proudfit visited all the 
 pastors of the city and secured their approval for a weekly prayer meeting 
 to be held on Tuesday afternoons, for Bible study and prayer, by devout 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 497 
 
 women from all the different churches. The first meeting was held in the 
 Presbyterian chapel on Worcester Avenue ; and I am informed that during 
 the entire nine years of its career, this "Union Prayer Meeting" has not 
 once failed to hold its hour of devotion on the appointed day. There are no 
 officers, but a Leader is appointed for each meeting in advance. The attend- 
 ance is usually about twenty, but often many more ; and the meetings have 
 been held alternately by seasons in the Presbyterian and Methodist churches. 
 The "United Samaritan" organization was an outgrowth from this Prayer 
 Meeting, in 1889, and the "Woman's Indian Association" in 1891. It also 
 has an auxiliary band called "Lovers of Zion," whose special bond of fellow- 
 ship is a pledge to give one cent a day and make daily prayer for conversion 
 of the Jews. Mrs. C. H. Durant is secretary of this praying band. 
 
 PASADENA BRANCH OF NATIONAL WOMAN'S INDIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 July 16, 1 89 1, the Pasadena W. C. T. U. held its usual bi-monthly 
 meeting in the Baptist church. Mrs. Amelia S. Quinton of Philadelphia, 
 president of the National Woman's Indian Association, was present and was 
 granted a hearing on her specialty of missionary effort. Then at the close 
 of the W. C. T. U. meeting an Indian Association was organized, with Mrs. 
 Elizabeth R. Townsend, president ; Dr. Rachel F. Reid, vice-president ; 
 Mrs. Hannah H. Taylor, secretary ; Mrs. Mary C. Glass, treasurer. Its 
 object is to promote school education among the Indian peoples of our 
 country ; but also therewith to instruct them in civilized cooking, sewing, 
 housekeeping, and home making, besides agriculture, horticulture, and 
 useful trades, to prepare them for self-sustaining citizenship. In 1895 this 
 local society had about fifteen members ; Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, president ; 
 
 Mrs. Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, secretary; Mrs. Stetson, treasurer. In 
 
 October, 1892, the California State branch of this Indian Association was 
 organized at a meeting in the Baptist church of Pasadena, Mrs. Hewitt of 
 Riverside being elected State president, and Mrs. A. B. Giddings of Pasa- 
 dena State corresponding secretary. The State society meets at different 
 places by appointment. 
 
 PASADENA woman's MISSIONARY UNION. 
 
 Organized November 10, 1894, ^.t the M. E. church. The first officers 
 were : Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, president ; Mrs. Sarah J. Allen, secretary ; Mrs. 
 Addie Camper, treasurer ; and the following vice-presidents for the different 
 churches represented in the organization : Mrs. R. E. Burnham, First Con- 
 gregational ; Mrs. H. K. W. Bent, North Congregational ; Mrs. C. M. 
 Parker, First Methodist Episcopal; Mrs. A. B. Giddings, North M. E.; 
 
 Mrs. Ingalls, Free Methodist; Mrs. McClellan, Baptist; Mrs. 
 
 Rev. N. H. G. Fife, First Presbyterian ; Miss Annie Wilson, Friends church; 
 Mrs. G. W. Pearl, Christian church. Thus nine churches of the city were 
 united to co-operate in both home and foreign missionary work. At an all- 
 
 32 
 
498 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 day meeting April 25, 1895, this society was addressed by Mrs. Amelia S. 
 Quinton of Philadelphia, president of the National Woman's Indian Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 SAI.VATION ARMY. 
 
 The first meeting of this church militant Order ever held in Pasadena 
 was at Williams hall on Friday evening, April 25, 1884, led by J. S. Ledford, 
 gospel singer. It was announced by small handbills on the street and also 
 in the Valley Union, that the meetings would be continued regularly, with 
 a street service every evening. But this was not done ; there was a drop 
 for awhile ; and just when the Army work was resumed here I could not 
 learn. However, the city records show that in 1889-90 a strong effort was 
 made to put a stop to the drumming of the Army on the streets, because of 
 the danger from frightened horses ; and I here collate from the cit}' police 
 judge's reports as follows : 
 
 "January i, 1890: Salvation Army. Capt. Anna Beall, Lieut. L. 
 Bingham, Wm. Ballard. Charged with violation of resolution of city trustees 
 December 3, 1889. — January 10 : defendants discharged. — March 3 : Capt. 
 Anna Beall arrested again for blocking the street. — March 4 : she demanded 
 a jury. — March 5: case dismissed without trial. — March 5 : Wm. Davey. 
 Arrested for disturbing the peace with Salvation Army drum. — March 7 : 
 case dismissed without trial." 
 
 In this last case Mr. Davey was released, but the offending drum was 
 still kept under arrest by the city marshal, D. R. McLean. When the time 
 arrived for the Army's usual street prayer meeting parade Miss Beall went 
 to the city marshal's office and in the sweetest, most smiling way of 
 woman's gentle persuasion she said : " Mr. Marshal, aren't you going to let 
 me have viy church bellf^' This was irresi.stible ; and the marshal laugh- 
 ingly handed her the imprisoned drum. The Daily Star oi September 2, 
 1 89 1, reported some cases of narrow escapes from injury by people whose 
 horses took fright at the Salvation Army drum on the street, and said 
 further : 
 
 " During the meeting of the vSalvationists in their hall some boys threw 
 a handful of rotten eggs through the back door, .striking one of the women 
 and spreading a sickening odor throughout the room. That proceeding 
 was disgraceful, but it appears to have had no connection with the events 
 of the parade, as boys have been threatening for several nights to rotten 
 egg the Army." 
 
 In April, 1891, occurred the visit of President Harrison and party to 
 Pasadena. The distinguished guests were greeted on their arrival by an 
 
DIVI.SION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 499 
 
 immense throng of people at the Santa Fe depot and Hotel Green. Post- 
 master General Wanamaker suddenly left the presidential group, and push- 
 ing his way through the crowd, went to a couple of women whom he had 
 noticed in Salvation Army bonnets, shook hands with them heartily, giving 
 some words of commendation, and then returned to his place. 
 
 YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 
 
 On September 20, 1886, F. J. Culver, a Y. M. C. A. worker from the 
 East, was passing along the street and was met by David Galbraith, then 
 cashier of the ist National Bank, who clasped his hand and said earnestly, 
 " cannot something be done for oiir young men ? " " Yes," was the reply, 
 " if the time has come and the people are ready to act." "Satan is acting 
 — and we must ad,'" said Mr. G. "Very well; and when?" Culver 
 answered. "To-morrow ! " replied Galbraith with emphasis. Thereupon a 
 meeting was called for the next day in an office on west Colorado street, 
 and fifteen men were present. The question before the meeting was, "Shall 
 we organize a Y. M. C. A. in Pasadena? " The answer was decisively, "If 
 it be God's will, j)'<?j^." And arrangements were made for a mass meeting 
 in Williams hall the next day. This larger meeting was addressed by Rev. 
 T. N. IvOrd, then pastor of the Baptist church, and by Mr. Culver, explain- 
 ing the plan, working methods, etc., of the Association. Names were taken 
 for membership, and a meeting to organize was appointed at the Methodist 
 church on September 27. At this meeting 96 charter members were enrolled. 
 The first officers and directors were : C. M. Parker, president ; O. S. Picher, 
 ist vice president ; T. Nichols, 2nd vice president ; T. J. Fleming, record- 
 ing secretary ; M. D. Painter, treasurer ; F. J. Culver, general secretary ; 
 J. W. Hugus, G. E. Meharry, C. W. Abbott, D. Galbraith. 
 
 Prof. C. M. Parker, the first president, served until December, 1888, 
 and was succeeded by A. F. M. Strong, who served until December, 1891, 
 being then succeeded by Prof. Will S, Monroe, who resigned on March i, 
 1892, on account of sickness. Then Dr. F. Grinnell was elected president, 
 and holds the office yet — 1895. 
 
 Mr. M. M. Myers of San Francisco was elected general secretary in 
 September, 1887; and resigned May i, 1889. He was succeeded by Geo. 
 Taylor, who has continued in that office since. He was the delegate from 
 California to the World's Y. M. C. A. convention and half-century jubilee 
 in I^ondon, in May and June, 1894 ; ^^^ while abroad on this duty he 
 visited the local Associations in all the great capitals of Europe, as their 
 distinguished guest. 
 
 In 1886-87, ^bs Association caught the "boom fever," bought a lot, 
 and secured pledges for a fund to erect a $40,000 Y. M. C. A. building at 
 the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Valley street.* The cellar was exca- 
 
 *C. M. Skillen and Samuel Stratton offered to donate to the Association a 50-foot lot next west of 
 the Presbyterian church, on east Colorado street if they would build there. This lot was then saleable 
 at 5150 per front foot [boom], or $7,500. But a majority of the directors thought that location was too far 
 from the " loafing center " of the city to serve the special missionary objects of the Association's read- 
 ing room, gymnasium, baths, games, etc. 
 
500 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 vated, the foundation walls built, the corner stone laid, and much material 
 for the superstructure brought upon the ground. Then "the boom 
 bursted ; " thousands and thousands of dollars of pledges vanished into 
 exceedingly thin air ; and the unfinished walls still lie there as a reminder 
 of our days of real estate bubblery — the late lamented "boom." , 
 
 The Association has a Ladies Auxiliary committee ; and Lyceum for 
 youths. Also a free reading room, open every day and evening, well sup- 
 plied with daily and weekly papers, etc.; and a library of 150 volumes. In 
 1888, Gen. O. O. Howard, of national fame, lectured under its auspices, at 
 the Tabernacle. And also the same year they had Bob Burdette, the noted 
 humorist, in their lecture course. In October, 1892, this Association enter- 
 tained the State Y. M. C. A. convention, with 300 delegates, the largest 
 number ever in attendance. Its sessions were held in the Presbyterian 
 church. 
 
 During the year 1893 4 there were made 395 visits to sick persons ; 
 and watchers were furnished 69 nights. Gospel meetings for men were held 
 ever)^ Sunday, at which the total of attendance was 4,394. The registered 
 visits to the reading room during the year were 7,300. Present number of 
 members, 106. Board of Directors in 1894: Dr. F. Grinnell, president; 
 D. Galbraith, vice president ; ,P. M. Green, treasurer ; Geo. Tajdor, general 
 secretary ; A. J. Wallace ; Milford Fish ; E. C. Griffith ; Dr. J. R. Townsend. 
 
 PASADENA RAMABAI CIRCLE. 
 
 Organized November 19, 1888, at the ist Congregational church, 
 where a church full of people had assembled to see and hear the high caste 
 native Hindoo woman, Pundita Ramabai, whose fame as a child-widow 
 missionar}- in India has since spread throughout the United States and 
 England, as well as her own country. Rev. D. D. Hill was first president 
 of the Circle, and Mrs. H. G. Bennett secretary and treasurer. In April, 
 1895, there were 37 members ; with Mrs. Mattie Bent, president, and Mrs. 
 Bennett still secretary and treasurer. The 7th annual meeting of the 
 National Ramabai Association was held in "Old South Church," Boston, 
 March 11, 1895; and there were then 103 local Circles or societies tribu- 
 tary to the Association. The Pasadena Circle had paid in on its annual 
 pledges a total of $238.79 during its seven years of existence, which showed 
 something more each year than the amount it had pledged. It is a special 
 missionary work to sustain Ramabai's school at Poonah, India, for child- 
 widows, and thus help to break up the gross and cruel system of woman 
 slavery in that heathen empire. 
 
 CHRISTIAN ENDE;AV0R UNION. 
 
 Organized October 13, 1889, by the Y. P. C. E. societies of the Friends, 
 Congregational, Christian and Baptist churches. First officers : Prof. C. E. 
 Tebbetts, president ; deacon Geo. A. Green, vice president ; Miss Clarice 
 
DIVISION SEVIJN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 501 
 
 Hall, secretary and treasurer. Executive committee, Geo. W. Tuttle, Mrs. 
 F. E. Tower, Miss Lillie Duncan, besides the officers. The Methodist 
 church young people [Epworth League] joined awhile, then withdrew ; and 
 the Baptist society withdrew to join the Baptist Union : but others came in ; 
 and in April, 1895, the C. E. Union of Pasadena comprised the Young 
 Peoples societies of the following churches : ist Congregational ; North 
 Congregational; ist Christian; ist Presbyterian; Calvary Presbyterian; 
 Friends church ; Union Christian Endeavor society of Eamanda Park ; and 
 Congregational church of Sierra Madre. On January 25, 1895, there were 
 345 active and 40 a.ssociate members. And the officers were : Rev. C. C. 
 Reynolds, president ; W. N. Campbell, vice president ; Miss Clarice Hall, 
 secretary ; D. M. Mulford, treasurer. Each local society appoints its own 
 member of the executive committee, to cooperate with the board of officers. 
 
 PASADKNA CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE. 
 Organized April 11, 1891. Members: Mrs. C. H. Durant, Rev. W. C. 
 Stevens, Judge C. N. Terry and wife, Aaron Winder and wife, W. G. Strang 
 and wife, Dr. J. R. Townsend and wife, Mrs. I. W. Rust, Mrs. S. V. Max- 
 field, Mrs. S. E. Bosley, Jesse Butler and wife, John Habbick, Miss Emma 
 Allen, and others. This is a duly chartered branch of the National and In- 
 ternational Evangelical Alliance which has its headquarters, publishing 
 house, and missionary training school on Eighth Avenue, New York. The 
 membership in April, 1895, was fifty-four. Officers: Rev. W. C. Stevens, 
 president ; Judge Terry and Mrs. Maxfield, vice presidents ; W. G. Strang, 
 secretary ; Mrs. Durant, treasurer. 
 
 PACIFIC GOSPEL UNION OF PASADENA. 
 
 First meeting November 7, 1892, held by A. E. Beer, J. C. S. Habbick, 
 A. E. Baldwin, E. J. Mayo. Union formally organized in December, and 
 meetings held for a year in a hall on North Fair Oaks Avenue ; then in 
 another hall on South Fair Oaks. Directors : C. N. Terry, president , 
 J. C. S. Habbick, secretary ; John Habbick, treasurer ; Dr. J. R. Townsend; 
 Tillman Hobson, J. W. Camper, Samuel Hahn, E. J. Mayo, A. K. Nash. 
 Object : to reach the street-loafing and unchurched classes with religious in- 
 fluences. 
 
 i apTiriTa-iTirr!fli!H!ai!ti:«i:<!> :(0! tn«);t)iiiiHi)mi 
 
502 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 FRATERNirv. — Secret Orders — Patriotic, Fraternal, Reformatory, Beneficiary, Indus- 
 trial. 
 
 PATRIOTIC ORDKRS. 
 
 John F. Godfrey Post No. 93, Grand Army of the Re- 
 public; Department of California. 
 
 After several informal talks among old soldiers about forming 
 an organization, a meeting was called for Tuesday evening, Nov- 
 ember 3, 1885, at Craig & Hubbard's store, then in a frame 
 building on west side of South Fair Oaks Avenue There were 
 present at that meeting J. D. Gilchrist, E. S. Frost, W. T. Knight, Geo. 
 A. Black, Geo. W. Barnhart, J. Ellis,R. B. Hubbard, W. H. Jordan, 
 Wesley Bunnell, A. Wakeley, A. O. Bristol, W. J. Barcus, A. K. McQuilUng, 
 and Edson Turner ; and the necessary steps were taken to go forward and 
 organize a Post. 
 
 The next meeting was held and organization completed in Library hall, 
 November 28, 1885. [The old original Library building then stood on south 
 side of East Colorado street nearly where the Santa Fe railroad now runs, 
 but was afterward moved to Dayton street where it still remains, being now 
 changed into a dwelling house.] At this meeting the question of a name 
 came up ; and after sundry suggestions which did not seem to hit the mark; 
 E. S. Frost moved the name of Col. John F. Godfrey, who had then re- 
 cently died in Eos Angeles, and it was adopted. Col. Godfrey was born at 
 Bangor, Maine. He enlisted as a private in 1861, and was chosen second 
 lieutenant in the Maine 2nd Battery ; won promotion to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in the field. Resigned in 1864 on account of broken health. Re-enlisted in 
 1865 and was sent in command of scouts with Gen. Sully's campaign 
 against the Sioux Indians. In 1874 he settled in Los Angeles as a lawyer, 
 soon rose to distinction, and wa# twice elected city attorney there. When 
 the Pasadena colonists held their second anniversary picnic under the great 
 oaks of Lincoln Park, January 27, 1876, Col. Godfrey was one of the prin- 
 cipal speakers [p. 1 12], being thus historically associated with Pasadena in its 
 tender infancy ; and now his name being adopted by the G. A. R. (and later 
 by the Woman's Relief Corp.s) adds more enduring links to the chain of his- 
 toric kinship. [He died at Los Angeles June 27, 1885.] After the name had 
 been decided on, comrade Horace Bell of Los Angeles proceeded as muster- 
 ing officer to muster in the following charter members: C. C. Brown, Alfred 
 Wakeley, A. K. McQuilling, F. J. Woodbury, W. J. Barcus, W. H. Lordan, 
 Wesley Bunnell, Milo J. Green, Geo. A. Black, E. S. Frost, Jehu Ellis, 
 John B. Hill, J. D. Youngclaus, Lyman Allen, J. D. Gilchrist. 
 
 Although this was November 28, the Post charter bears date Decem- 
 ber 23, 18S5. The first officers installed were: Gilchrist, Post Commander ; 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 503 
 
 Frost, Senior Vice Commander ; McQuilling, Junior Vice Commander ; Bar- 
 cus, Chaplain; Ellis, Quartermaster ; Brown, Officer of the Day; Black, Officer 
 of the Guard; Bunnell, Adjutant. The motto of the order is: "Fidelity, 
 Charity, lyOyalty." Its beneficiary plan is not by any fixed schedule, but 
 by mutual aid according to circumstances in each case — and a relief fund 
 is constantly maintained. The first time the old soldiers attended church in 
 a body on Memorial Sunday was May 30, 1886, at the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, where a sermon appropriate to the occasion was preached by the 
 pastor, Rev. A. W. Bunker, who had served in the First Maine Light 
 Artillery. 
 
 In 1893 funds were raised by Comrade J. H. Stuntz, as a soliciting 
 committee, and from other sources, to secure a hall for the Post and its allied 
 orders. The second story of E. S. Frost's unfinished brick block on East 
 Colorado street was leased for six years. Necessary alterations were made, 
 both above and below, partitions put in, rooms finished and furnished, 
 plumbing and gas-fitting done, a flag-pole erected, etc., at a total cost of 
 about $1,600 — thus providing two halls for sub-rental that can be opened 
 together as one, for large assemblages. The number of members April i, 
 1894, was 130. [April i, 1895, 127.] One of its delegates to the State 
 encampment in 1894 was Gov. H. H. Markham. And in August, 1895, 
 Geo. T. Downing, a past commander of this post, was elected commander 
 of the Department of California. 
 
 In 1892 93 I spent several months collecting a complete list of all old 
 Union soldiers then residing in Pasadena or its immediate vicinity, and it 
 was printed in a small manual or ' ' Directory of John F. Godfrey Post and 
 its Allied Patriotic Orders." And from that roster, which was then com- 
 plete up to February i, 1893, I compile this table : 
 
 Old soldiers residing in Pasadena or its vicinity 287 
 
 Army nurses 2 
 
 Soldiers' graves in Mountain View cemetery 35 
 
 Members of John F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R 119 
 
 Members of John F. Godfrey Corps, W. R. C 141 
 
 Members of Phil Kearny Camp, S. of V 48 
 
 Members Eadies' Aid Society 24 
 
 Since that time, and up to March, 1895, I have thirty-four additions to 
 the list of resident old soldiers ; five additions to the cemetery list ; and each 
 of the four orders had increased their membership. 
 
 John F. Godfrey W. R. C. No. 43. — The first meeting to con- 
 sider the matter of organization was held in the latter part of June, 
 1887, at Library hall on Dayton street. The Corps was organized 
 July 6, 1887, with the following charter members: Cynthia B. Clapp, 
 Avelina J. Crowell, Eliza M. Van Kirk, Clara A. Elsemore, Cynthia 
 Ramsey, Margaret E. Lincoln, Maggie Williams, Emma A. McCoy, 
 Virginia H. Rippey, Amelia G. Rice, Addie C. Conover, Minnie E. Wil- 
 
504 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Hams, Charlotte Smith, Margaret I. McQuilling, Catherine Meek, Mary I,, 
 Rippey, Helen A. Rippey. The first officers were : Cynthia B. Clapp, pres- 
 ident ; Avelina J. Crowell, senior vice president ; Eliza M. Van Kirk, junior 
 vice president ; Emma A. McCoy, secretary' ; Minnie E. Williams, treas- 
 urer ; Amelia G. Rice, chaplain ; Margaret E. Lincoln, conductor ; Nellie 
 M. Conover, guard ; Addie C. Conover, assistant conductor ; Charlotte 
 Smith, assistant guard. 
 
 This society, being auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, has 
 frequently held fairs, bazars, public dinners, musical, dramatic and other en- 
 tertainments to raise money for the relief fund. And it bore a prominent 
 part in securing, fitting, and furnishing the G. A. R. hall. They also own 
 one-third of the G. A. R. lot in Mountain View cemetery. In December, 
 1894, there were 154 members. 
 
 PHIL KEARNY CAMP NO. 7, SONS OF VETERANS. 
 
 Instituted November 23, 1886. It was duly chartered at the time, and 
 its first members were : W. E. Darracott, who was also first captain of the 
 camp ; W. A. Dunbar, C. J. Williams, Geo. H. Frost, S. L. Wallis, L. E. 
 Jarvis, H. H. Johnson, W. E. Johnson, C. U. Bunnell, Whit. Elliott, S. M. 
 Cambell, Jas. H. Cambell. 
 
 During 1887 there was some revision or reconstruction of the order, the 
 Division of California was established, and this camp received a new char- 
 ter as "No. 7. Div. Cal.," dated April 2, 1888 — the one under which it is now 
 working. The only persons eligible to its membership are sons of union 
 soldiers or sailors in the war of the rebellion ; and sons of members of this 
 order. Its objects are patriotic, fraternal, benevolent; and it is auxiliary to 
 the G. A. R. and W. R. C. ; also owns one-third of the G. A. R. lot in 
 Mountain View cemetery. 
 
 Ladies' Aid Society No. i, auxiliary to Phil Kearny Camp No. 7, 
 S. of V. This organization was worked up by Captains Lacey and Bang- 
 ham of the Sons of Veterans, and was instituted December 18, 1892, in the 
 old Library building on Dayton street. It was the first society of the order 
 on the Pacific coast, and stands as No. i in the California Division S. of V. 
 Its charter members were : 
 
 Barnhart, May England, Fannie B. Moore, Edith 
 
 Brown, Lillian A. Eraser, Ida M. Rogers, Ceres B. 
 
 Brown, Meda E. Janney, Mrs. Carrie Rodgers, Bonnie 
 
 Cambell, Mrs. Franc. Lacey, Mrs. Ida O. Rogers, Cressie V. 
 
 Crawford, Effie B. McClure, Mrs. M. F. Stevens, Claudine De F. 
 
 Darlinton, Madge McClure, Nina SutlifiF, Nettie M. 
 
 Downing, Carrie M. McMurty, Sadie [ret E. Williams, Minnie E. 
 
 Dugger, Carrie P. Mendenhall, Mrs. Marga- 
 
 The first officers were : Mrs. W. S. Lacey, past president ; Bonnie 
 Rodgers, president ; Ida M. Fra.ser, secretary ; Ceres Rogers, treasurer. 
 Motto: "Friendship, Charity, Loyalty." Objects: "To aid and a.ssist the 
 
DIVISION SEVElN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 505 
 
 "™«««immnii3 " A . P . 
 
 "»m.«.J hall July 6, 1894. 
 
 Sons of Veterans in all their objects, both financially and otherwise." Who 
 may become members : " Mothers, wives or sisters of Union veterans of the 
 war of 1861-65. Also female lineal descendants of such veterans. Also 
 wives of Sons of Veterans." Ofiicers in 1895 • Minnie Williams, past presi- 
 dent ; Helen Darracott, president ; Carrie Downing, secretary ; Ida O. 
 lyacey, treasurer. Number of members, 38. 
 
 AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This order is better known by its initial title of the 
 A." The Pasadena council was instituted in Strong's 
 Motto: "America for Americans." Em- 
 A ..A blems, the American flag and little red schoolhouse. Its 
 objects are, to cultivate, educate and concentrate public sentiment 
 agaifist alien ownership of land ; against foreign dictum of church 
 laws and penalties ; against use of public funds or tax exemption for 
 sectarian purposes ; against any school, church, convent, monastery, re- 
 formatory or asylum that may not at any time be visited and inspected by 
 the proper public officers ; against any person being allowed to vote who 
 cannot read in the American [English] language; etc., etc. Tilman Hob- 
 son is the president in 1895. Membership about 450 on September i, 1895. 
 
 MASONIC BODIES. 
 
 Pasadena IvOdge, No. 272. F. and A. M., was the fir.st of the Masonic 
 organizations, and was planned for at a meeting in Williams hall on Febru- 
 ary 20, 1883, by C. M. Skillen, J. B. Springer, A. Wakeley, C. C. Brown, 
 James Clarke, C. B. Ripley, R. Conkling, John Myrick, W. H. Wakeley, 
 H. Ridgway, J. E- Cannon, J. Ripley, Isaac Heiss, H. McGee. The lodge 
 was instituted October 22, 1883, in the old Public Eibrary building, with 
 these same men as the charter members. The first officers were : C. B. 
 Ripley, Master; H. Ridgway, Senior Warden; M. Rockefeller, Junior 
 Warden. In 1894 there were 119 members ; and chief officers were : P. P. 
 Bonham, Master ; E. E. Griffith, Senior Warden ; W. E. Wotkyns, Junior 
 Warden. 
 
 Crown Chapter, No. 72, Royal Arch Masons. — The first meeting 
 to talk up and arrange for this organization was held in the Masonic hall in 
 
5o6 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Williams ball block, October 22, 1888. Those present were: R. Williams, 
 F. ly. Jones, E. White, H. B. Sherman, J. Banbury, Chas. Swift, John 
 Habbick, A. M. Collis, F. K. Biles, H. J. Slaughter, J. K. Vlier, C. H. 
 Rhodes, D. S. Carnahan, T. J. Martin, Oscar Freeman, C. A. Smith, A. H. 
 Conger. And the chapter was instituted on November 27, with these men 
 as members ; and as officers : R. Williams, High Priest ; F. L- Jones, King; 
 T. J. Martin, Scribe. In 1894 there are 79 members ; and officers are : E. 
 C. Griffith, H. P.; E. E. Gaylord, K.; J. R. Slater, Scribe. 
 
 Pasadexa Commandery No. 31, Knights Templar. — The 
 first preliminary meeting was held June 17, 1891, and the Com- 
 mandery was instituted on July ist in the Masonic lodge room in Williams 
 block. Its first members were : F. L. Jones, E. E- Conger, E. W. Frary, 
 W. T. Clapp, H. W. Magee, S. Washburn, A. Kemple, H. J. Slaughter, 
 A. Wakeley, Wm. Shibley, J. Abraham, W. G. McGregory, Delos Arnold, 
 T. E. Walker, J. Peaslee, G. E. Wright, J. A. Jacobs, P. Brown, D. O. 
 Miltimore, A. M. Collier, S. H. Yocum.J. J. Gillie, C. H. Rhodes, T. Win- 
 ter, J. B. Springer, S. W. Allen, G. M. Cole, E- S. Porter, W. E. McAllister, 
 and W. P. Hammond. 
 
 Names and titles of first principal officers : Sir Florin Eester Jones, 
 Eminent Commander ; Sir Delos Arnold, Generalissimo ; Sir Thomas 
 Eaton Walker, Captain General ; Sir Everett Eorentus Conger, Prelate ; 
 Sir Sherman Washburn, Treasurer; Sir Charles Hilliard Rhodes, Recorder. 
 Motto: "In Hoc Signo Vinces." No. of members in 1894 — 60. 
 Chief officers in 1894— Sir E- S. Porter, E. C; Sir A. M. Collis, G.; Sir E. 
 Griffith, C. G.; Sir Wyllys Hall, Prelate : Sir Romayne Williams, Recorder. 
 
 Pasadena Chapter No. 108, Order of Eastern Star.. — This 
 organization was first proposed and talked up at a picnic at Devil's 
 Gate, in the spring of 1890, some members of the Order in Eos Angeles 
 being there among the picnickers. And from this beginning the movement 
 grew, until on August 7, 1890, this Chapter was duly instituted, in the 
 Masonic lodge room in Williams block. A list of its first officers and 
 members was printed in the report of Grand Chapter sessions of October 
 20, 21, 22, 23, 1890. The principal officers then were: Carrie Louisa 
 Peaslee, Worthy Matron ; William Henry Wiley, Worth}- Patron ; Melissa 
 Ca.sandria Hester, Associate Matron ; Isaac Newton Scares, Secretary ; 
 Susie Etta Washburn, Treasurer ; Avelina Juanita Crowell, Conductress. 
 
 In 1895 there are 130 members; and the chief officers are: Mrs. P'lla 
 A. Sears, Worthy Matron: Mr. Charles J, Willet, Worthy Patron; Mrs. 
 Mary G. Wiley, Associate Matron ; Mrs. Carrie B. Slater, Secretary ; Mrs. 
 Susie E. Wa.shburn, Treasurer. 
 
 Corona Lodge (under Dispensation) F. and A. M. — Organized 
 December 21, 1894. Its charter members were: Dr. L. W. Frary, li. C. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 507 
 
 Griffith, W. L. Wotkyns, J. A. Jacobs, E. I\. Gaylord, C. H. Rhodes, W. 
 D. McGilvray, A. H. Conger, Dr. R. J. Mohr, E. T. Howe, E. H. May, 
 C. J. Willett, E. Groenendyke, C. H. Keyes, Dr. A. H. Palmer, J. E. Smyth. 
 First principal officers : Dr. Frary, W. M.; E. H. May, secretary; Willett, 
 treasurer; Rev. Dr. Wyllys Hall, chaplain. [Charter to be confirmed and 
 number assigned by Grand Lodge in December, 1895.] 
 
 The Masonic lodge room was at first in the A. O. U. W. hall in the 
 Public Library building. Then they leased and fitted up a room of their 
 own in the Williams hall block. But on February 28, 1895, the five 
 different bodies of the order took formal possession of their elegant rooms in 
 the magnificent block now known as the 
 
 MASONIC TEMPI^E, 
 
 corner of Raymond Avenue and Colorado street, they having taken a long 
 lease on the entire upper floor — divided the space into rooms adapted to all 
 their various needs, and finished, furnished and decorated them in a style of 
 artistic taste and elegance not excelled even in San Francisco — some Masonic 
 rooms there being larger, but none finer. The building cost $40,000, and 
 was erected by Col. E- P. Hansen, J. S. Torrance and M. E. Wood, in 
 1894 95. 
 
 temperance orders. 
 
 Pasadena Lodge, No. 173, Independent Order 
 OF Good Templars. — The first meeting to talk up or- 
 ganization was held February 24, 1879, at the little old 
 schoolhouse which was moved from Orange Grove Av- 
 Avenue to the corner of Colorado street and Fair Oaks 
 Avenue. Nearly all of the old settlers of the colony 
 were present. The lodge was instituted on the same 
 day, by Mr. Leland, Grand Lodge Lecturer, I. O. G. T. of CaHfornia, 
 assisted by members of the order from Merrill Lodge of Los Angeles, 
 with the following as charter members : P. G. Wooster, C. C. Smith, F. S. 
 Woodcock, I.N. Mundell, S.M.Cambell, Charles McAffrey, H. G. Bennett, 
 S. D. Bryant, H. L. Bryant, P^Ua Bryant, A. S. Hollingsworth, Mrs. A. S. Hol- 
 lingsworth, Delia Washburn, Ward B. Swartzell, Nettie Millard, Elisha Millard, 
 Iva MilUrd.Dell Millard, Ed. E. Millard, Esther Turner, Charles Turner, F. H. 
 Heald, N. M. Townsend, John Lowe, Elisha Lowe, John Lowe, Jr., Frank 
 Lowe, Alex. F. Mills, William G. Persing, W. H. Townsend, Dennis Prinz. The 
 first officers were : Worthy Chief Templar, P. G. Wooster ; Right Hand 
 Supporter, Miss Iva Millard ; Left Hand Supporter, Miss Jennie Masher ; 
 Vice-Templar, Mrs. Esther Turner ; Secretary, Frank Lowe ; Assistant 
 Secretary, Miss Ella Bryant ; Financial Secretary, H. G. Bennett; Treasurer, 
 Mrs. Anna Mundell; Marshal, S. M. Cambell ; Deputy Marshal, Miss 
 Delia Washburn ; Inside Guard, Mrs. C. C. Smith ; Outside Guard, Herbert 
 
5o8 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 L. Bryant ; Chaplain, F. S. Woodcock ; Past Worthy Chief Templar, 
 Arthur Hollingsworth. 
 
 This was the first secret order fraternity organized in Pasadena. It was 
 not incorporated until November 21, 1881, when it joined with the A. O. U. 
 W. in putting a second story on the Library building for the use of the two 
 lodges. [See page 204.] The lodge celebrated its fifteenth anniversary, 
 February 17, 1894, in Grand Army hall, when addresses were made b}- Rev. 
 C. E. Harris, pastor of Baptist church ; Rev. Florence Kollock, pastor of 
 Universalist church ; Rev. J. H. Stuntz, Dr. Wm. D. Turner, and others ; 
 and also by three of the original members, Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Mundell and 
 Will H. Townsend.* The membership on May i, 1895, was 117. 
 
 For several years, about 1888-89-90-91, an order called Band of Hope 
 was maintained by the Good Templars — then it was merged into the W. C. 
 T. U.'s " Ivoyal Legion." But in March, 1895, an order of Juvenile 
 Templars was organized, from which boys and girls may pass at proper 
 age directly into the senior lodge, by right of inheritance. A. E. Baldwin, 
 superintendent. Meetings Sunday afternoon, in G. A. R. hall. 
 
 Sons of Temperance. A Division of this order was instituted in 
 1884. Among its members were : A. F. Mills (who was its Worthy Patri- 
 arch), Benj. A. Rice, Robt. W. Lac}'^, H. L. Bryant, and others. But it did 
 not long survive. 
 
 Ancient Order of United Workmen. — Pasa- 
 dena Lodge No. 151, A. O. U. W., was insti- 
 tuted December 18, 1879, in the old Central School 
 building. The first members were Geo. E. Hall, B. F. 
 Ball, Geo. Miller, Elisha Millard, Joseph Nelson, A. V. 
 Dunsmore, R. Williams, J. S. Mills, P. M. Green, F. D. 
 Kellogg, S. Washburn, F. Heydenreich. The first 
 officers were : Hall, past master ; Ball, masterworkman ; Miller, fore- 
 man ; Millard, overseer ; WilHams, recorder ; Washburn, financier ; Hey- 
 denreich, receiver; Mills, guide; Nelson, gatekeeper. The emblem of the 
 order is an anchor and shield. Benefit — $2,000 to family, at death of 
 a member. This lodge joined with the Good Templars and built 
 a .second story on the colony's Public Library building, to use jointly 
 for lodge rooms. Number of members in 1894 — 57. 
 
 The data furnished from this lodge was very meager. It has a Deciree 
 OF Honor No. 47, a branch organization for ladies, but its date of organi- 
 zation, first members, etc., were not furnished, although I sent them a His- 
 tory blank, soliciting the information. 
 
 'Note —Dr. I. S. P. t.ord, who has resided in Pasadena since 1879, was a delesrate in the convention 
 at Cleveland, Ohio, in May, 1S55, when the National Grand Lodge, I. O. G. T., was first organized . and 
 was a member of the committee on ritual. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 509 
 
 Pasadena Lodge No. 132, Knights of Pythias, is 
 thus mentioned as to its beginnings, by the Pasadena Union 
 of September 25, 1885 : 
 
 "On Friday evening, the i8th inst., the first meeting 
 was held at Masonic hall, for the purpose of instituting a 
 lodge of the Knights of Pythias. The following candidates 
 having signed a petition for a charter, were duly initiated 
 to the rank of Knights : J. Banbury, R. Williams, W. O. Swan, 
 Jr., ly. A. Kreig, Emil Kayser, John C. Kerr, J. E. Clarke, lyouis 
 Heitman, and J. Ellis, while W. R. Davis, G. E. Meharry, J. D. Gil- 
 christ, C. S. Howard, and Charles Swift united by card from other lodges. 
 The second meeting was held on Wednesday, September 23, and the follow- 
 ing candidates were regularly initiated : D. Galbraith, E. E. Fordham, 
 Chas. W. Bell, Geo. A. Greeley, W. B. Eoughery, and C. S. Barnet. After 
 the initiatory services. Deputy Grand Chancellor M. G. McCoon proceeded 
 to install the officers of the lodge, whose names and official rank are as fol- 
 lows : Jabez Banbury, past chancellor; J. E. Clarke, chancellor commander ; 
 W. O. Swan, Jr., vice chancellor; John C. Kerr, prelate; E. E. Fordham, 
 keeper of records and seal ; D. Galbraith, master of exchequer ; L,. A. 
 Craig, master of finance ; Louis Heitman, master at arms ; C. W. Bell, 
 inner guard ; R. Williams, outer guard. On October 20 they initiated 
 elev^en new members, and had a social supper at Pasadena hotel, with visit- 
 ing brethren from Los Angeles, Alhambra, and San Diego. [No further 
 data furnished.] 
 
 Fidelity Temple No. 4, Rathbone Sisters, is an auxiliary order of 
 women. But no data as to time of organization, first members, etc., were 
 furnished, although the same request was made as of all the other orders. 
 There is also a lodge of Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias. But no 
 data furnished. 
 
 independent order of odd fellows. 
 
 Pasadena Lodge No. 324, I. O. O. F., 
 was instituted December 30, 1885; and the 
 ^S Union of January i, 1886, said of it : 
 ''y^7.'/il:h\\\$><^^ "The finishing work was done Wednes- 
 
 day evening, December 30, 1885,* by the formal institution of the new 
 lodge, and the work was crowned by a banquet and a good time 
 at Nay & Willard's Pasadena hotel. The initiatory steps for the 
 new lodge were taken in September by Frank M. Ward, E. S. Frost 
 and others. Five or six meetings were held, and the charter was 
 received with the names of Frank M. Ward, E. S. Frost, L- J. New- 
 Ian, H. Haskins, Joseph Laspada, A. D. Lockhart, J. E. Sullivan, 
 Lewis H. Bixby, T. A. Smith, and Wm. H. Darrow as charter members." 
 The first officers were : E. S. Frost, noble grand ; T. A. Smith, vice 
 grand ; Frank M. Ward, recording secretary ; L. J. Newlan, treasurer. 
 They met in the Masonic lodge room, Williams block. Motto: " Friend- 
 
 * The preliminary meetings had been held in a small private room in the historic old roller skating 
 rink, corner Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton street, where the Doty block now stands. 
 
5IO HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ship, Love, and Truth." Objects — Fraternal, social, beneficiary. Num- 
 ber of members in 1894—71. Officers in 1894: A. G. Heiss, noble 
 grand; A. S. Glidden, vice grand; Jas. B. McNeil, recording secretary; 
 Jas. Zellhart, treasurer; J. S. Blick, financial secretary. AuxiUary orders: 
 Encampment, and Rebekah lodge. 
 
 The Pasadena JVee/dy Stat- of January 13, 1894, contained a report of a 
 notable open installation held jointly in the Doty block by the Men's and 
 Women's lodges of this order. Speeches were made by Rev. Dr. Conger, 
 the chaplain elect, followed by Judge A. J. Utley and others. The Judge's 
 speech has a historic interest and value. The Star's report said : 
 
 "Judge Utley spoke briefly and strongly in commendation of the recog- 
 nition given to women in the work done by our Odd Fellow and Rebekah 
 lodges. He thought the order a fit handmaid of the church, and that in 
 both organizations men need the restraining influence of women. He cited 
 as an instance of the presence of this restraint the late banquet to Father 
 Throop, where there were ladies and no wine ; and as an example of the 
 lack of restraint, the banquet to President Harrison a couple of years ago, 
 whereat there were no ladies, but so much wine that he had been informed 
 a large proportion of the male guests and the waiters as well were as drunk 
 as lords. 
 
 "Rev. Florence Kollock responded very happily to an invitation to 
 speak. She accepted Judge Utley 's estimate of the relative worth of men 
 and women as correct ; but she thought woman needs the broadening and in- 
 tellectually stimulating influence of man, and that both were divinely ordered 
 to work out the problem of Ufe together." 
 
 Dr. Swearingen reported the following statistics of interest and historic 
 value to Pasadena : 
 
 Sick benefits paid to members of lodge during 1893 $2,980 80 
 
 Sick benefits and funeral expenses for visiting brethren.... 6,544 30 
 Total paid for relief $9,525 10 
 
 On January 8, 1895, another open installation was held by these orders. 
 And some statistics were then read by secretary Homer Blick (prepared by 
 Dr. Swearingen) which show more distinctly than anything that has else- 
 where been made public how heavily Pasadena is drawn upon year after 
 year for the care and burial of sick people who come here without means- 
 and generally too late for benefit by the climate. The table is one of special 
 value for reference, and I quote it entire : 
 
 Lodge instituted December 31, 1885, and during the 
 nine years we have paid to our own members 435 
 
 weeks .sick benefits, amounting to $ 3,051 50 
 
 Paid for nursing our own members 510 75 
 
 Paid for funeral expenses of four of our decea.sed 
 
 members 252 55 
 
 Total amount paid out for our own members $ 3,814 80 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 5 II 
 
 This lodge has relieved 78 visiting brothers, aggregating 
 
 1556 weeks' sickness, amounting to 5,912 00 
 
 Paid for nursing visiting brothers 270 50 
 
 Paid funeral expenses of 15 visiting brothers 1,154 9° 
 
 Donated an Odd Fellow's widow 5000 
 
 Donated a visiting brother 25 00 
 
 Paid rent for a needy visiting brother 10 40 
 
 Paid widows and orphans benefits 36 10 
 
 Total amount paid out for visitors $ 7,458 90 
 
 Total amount paid for our own and visiting brothers $11,273 70 
 
 Pasadena Encampment No. 84, I. O. O. F. — Several preliminary- 
 meetings were held in Dr. Swearingen's medical office during the winter of 
 1887-88, by members of Encampments at Los Angeles, Cal.; Pittsburgi 
 Pa.; North Adams, Mass.; Sterling, 111.; Boston, Mass.; Detroit, Mich. 
 And the order was finally instituted May 24, i888, in Odd Fellows hall in 
 the Doty block. Its charter members were : W. A. Burdick, W. H. 
 Darrow, A. C. Stevens, J. S. Blick, Geo. A. Durrell, Ernest Canfield. The 
 first principal officers were: Darrow, Chief Patriarch; Burdick, S. W. ; 
 Stevens, H. P.; Blick, Scribe ; Durrell, J. W.; Canfieid, Treasurer. Motto: 
 "F'aith, Hope and Charity." Sick benefits, $4 per week. Number of 
 members in 1894, 52. Officers : W. H. Korstian, C. P.; J. S. Blick, Scribe ; 
 A. G. Heiss, Treasurer. 
 
 Pasadena Rebekah Lodge No. 121, I. O. O. F., had its preliminary 
 meeting in the Masonic lodge room, in Williams block, in July, 1887, with 
 thirteen persons present. And on August 3 it was duly instituted in the 
 same room, with the following roll of first members : Clara D. Read, Addie 
 
 E. Conover, Lona J. Ingalls, Bertha D. Deuel, Carrie M. Willis, Helen 
 Greene, Nellie M. Palmer, W. D. Read, J. F. Deuel, Dr. S. P. Swearingen, 
 R. B. Conover, John Daly, Harry C. Mohn, A. C. Alexander, W. H. Dar- 
 row, O. W. Hooper, T. P. Larkin, S. M. Cook, J. M. Tuscher, Chas. 
 Deuel, Devere Deuel, M. J. Green, I. A. Willis, B. F. Ingalls — 24 women 
 and men. The first principal officers were : W. D. Read, N. G.; Bertha D. 
 Deuel, Vice G.; Addie E. Conover, Secretary; Helen Greene, Treasurer ; 
 Carrie M. Willis, Warden ; Nellie M. Palmer, Conductor. Motto : "Friend- 
 ship, Love and Truth." In 1894 there were 52 members. The only death 
 in the order was that of Lona J. Ingalls, who died in October, 1891, being 
 at the time Noble Grand of the lodge. 
 
 OTHER "benefit ORDERS." 
 
 Pasadena. Council No. 199, Order of Chosen Friends. — Instituted 
 February 5, 1889. The charter members were: A. A. Caswell, Mrs. 
 Catharine Meek, Dr. J. C. Eraser, C. D. Middlekauf, F. E. Swift, Mrs. M. 
 
 F. McClure, Mrs. H. M. Neitz, W. L- Clark, W. P. Young, Mrs. R. A. 
 Biddle, Mrs. E. R. Biddle, W. B. Ladoux, M. C. Ladoux, J. Goodwin, C. 
 R. Black, G. F. Mander, E. R. Biddle, R. A. Biddle. First officers : Cas- 
 
512 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 well. Chief Councilor; Mrs. Meek, Vice-C; Dr. Phraser, Secretary; Swift, 
 Treasurer ; Mrs. McClure, Prelate ; and six minor offices. Medical ex- 
 aminers : Dr. J. C. Fraser and Dr. Kate S. Black. Motto: "Fraternity, 
 Aid, Protection." Symbols of the order: Clasped hands, figure 7, seven 
 links, seven-pointed star, seven colors, the Ark, the rainbow, the triangle. 
 Number of members in 1895 are: 16 social and 18 beneficiarj^ — total, 34. 
 
 Pasadena Councii, No. 178, Fraternal Aid Association. — Insti- 
 tuted February 7, 1895, with 41 charter members, and 23 beneficiaries who 
 had already pas.sed the medical examination. It is one of the Fraternity 
 life insurance secret orders. Its first officers were : Past President, V. E. 
 Carson; President, A. L,. Petrie ; Vice-President, Mrs. L. E. Mason; Secre- 
 tary, Luther A. Brown; Treasurer, W M. Pennel ; Medical examiner. Dr. 
 F. Grinnell ; Trustees, B. A. Sparks, W. Mason and A. Dougherty ; Cor- 
 respondent, Elizabeth Grinnell. 
 
 Pasadena Tent No. i, Knights of the Mac- 
 cabees. — Instituted February 26, 1889, the first one in 
 California. Among the first members were : J. K. 
 Kelly, J. S. Glasscock, J. W. McEvers, Heman Dyer, 
 J. F. Church. The oSicers in 1895 are : T. O. Prince, 
 commander ; W. H. Korstian, lieut. commander ; F. E. 
 Burnham, record keeper ; J. W. Eyestone, finance keeper ; W. S. Albaugh, 
 chaplain; etc. [Very little data furnished.] Said to hav^e 150 members. 
 Pasadena Hive No. 6, Eadies of the Maccabees. — Instituted 
 February 26, 1894, by Miss Bina West, official organizer for this State. It 
 is auxiliary to the Knights of Tent No. i. The first officers were : Marj^ E. 
 F'urman, past lady commander ; Euella Conrad, lad}^ commander ; 
 Minnie J. McEachlan, lieut. lady commander ; Kittie A. Prince, record 
 keeper ; Mary L. Pennis, finance keeper ; Mary E. Shaw, chaplain ; I'^ffie 
 J. Delbridge, sergeant ; Eulu A. Clator, mistress at arms ; Emma Shaw, 
 sentinel ; Ruth A. Smith, picket ; Bertha E. Plant, Agnes Petrie, Ella E. 
 Mark, banner bearers. Has about 60 members in 1895. 
 
 Fraternal Mystic Circle.— A secret Order bearing this name, and 
 having a life insurance basis, was instituted September 14, 1891, in the 
 Knights of Pythias hall. There were 25 members, and the following were 
 the first officers: C. A. Roberts, Worthy Ruler; S. R. Eippiucott, Jr., W. 
 Vice-Ruler ; V. li. Carson, Past W. Ruler ; E- U. Barnhart, W. Chaplain ; 
 W. N. Campbell, W. Recorder; Henry Newby, W. Treasurer; W. S. 
 Windham, W. Collector ; P. W. Walker, W. Marshal ; Tilman Hobson, 
 W. Warden ; Fred. Wieck, Guard ; F. M. Plischke, Sentry ; R. A. Euckey, 
 H. H. Hillier and J. J. Blick, Trustees. The working plan of this order 
 did not prove satisfactory to its Pasadena members ; and in time they dis- 
 banded, and all of them who could pass the rigid phy.sical examination 
 required by the " Ro\al Arcanum " joined it. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 513 
 
 Pasadena Council No. 1170, Royal Arcanum. — Was instituted 
 April 9, 1894, in Knights of Pythias hall. Its first officers were : S. R. 
 lyippincott, Regent ; Geo. A. Diirrell, Vice-Regent ; F. H. Heydenreich, 
 Secretary ; W. ly. Wotkyns, Treasurer ; H. W. Hines, Collector. Motto . 
 "Virtue, Mercy and Charity." It is a life insurance order, with assess- 
 ments graduated according to age at time of becoming a member. Officers 
 in 1895: Heydenreich, Regent; lyippincott, V. R.; J. J. Blick, Secy.; 
 Wotkyns, Treas, ; Calvin Hartwell, Collector. 
 
 Court Pasadena No. 8365, Ancient Order Fore.st- 
 ERS OF America. — The first meetings to talk up organi- 
 zation were held in the Balmoral hotel, August 28 and 31, 
 1893. I^he order is fraternal, benevolent, beneficiar}', and 
 was founded in 1745. The Pasadena Court was instituted on 
 September 4, 1893, by Deputy Grand Chief Ranger McGuinness, with 39 
 charter members ; and the first officers were : C. W. Buchanan, Junior Past 
 Chief Ranger; H.W. Hines, Chief Ranger; Henry Newby, Sub-Chief Ranger ; 
 G. B. Mclvaughlin, Treasuer ; A. F. Fuller, Financial Secretary ; W. h. 
 Lippincott, Recording Secretary ; I. N. Todd, Senior Woodward ; W. W. 
 Leithead, Junior Woodward ; W. S. Robinson, Senior Beadle ; E. D. 
 Tyler, Junior Beadle ; Dr. H. H. Sherk, Physician ; Chas. E. Week, T. J. De 
 Huff, A. Iv. Hamilton, Trustees. 
 
 Alexandra IvOdge No. 385, Order Sons of St. George, was 
 instituted December 18, 1894, in G. A. R. hall. The first members 
 were : Geo. M. Boston, C. R. Balchin, F. W. Dawson, J. J. Ford, R. N. 
 Maiden, W. Stanger, J. Turner, R. Thomas, A, Wheldon, G. Wilson, H. 
 J. Natcher, G. C. Sanderson, T. P. Adney. The first officers were : Boston, 
 Worthy President ; Wheldon, W. Vice President ; Adney, Past Presi- 
 dent ; Ford, W. Secretary ; Natcher, Assistant Secretary ; Sanderson, W. 
 Treasurer ; Thomas, W. Messenger; Balchin, Assistant Messenger. Num- 
 ber of members, 20. Motto : " Honi soit qui mal y pense." Benefits . $7 
 per week in sickness, besides medical service ; $100 for member's funeral, 
 or $50 for wife's funeral. 
 
 industrial orders. 
 Carpenters' Union. — An article in the Valley Union of July 2, 1886, 
 says: "About 100 carpenters and joiners of Pasadena and vicinity as- 
 sembled at Williams hall Saturday night to consider the matter of organ- 
 izing a Carpenters' Union. A delegation of nine from Union No. 56, Los 
 Angeles, were present to explain the workings and objects of the organiza- 
 tion. Twenty-four carpenters signed the roll as charter members, to or- 
 ganize a Pasadena Union next week." No names are given, and I found 
 nothing more about it until the same paper of September 25, 1886, published 
 a series of resolutions by the contracting employers. The union had de- 
 
 33 
 
514 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 manded that after October i, 1886, they should work only nine hours, and 
 have the same wages per day as they were then getting for ten hours. In 
 opposition to this, the contractors adopted a series of explanatory and de- 
 claratory resolves, the gist of which was that they did not object to nine 
 hours as a day's work ; but — " Resolved, 3d : That we most positively re- 
 fuse to increase the present price per hour for labor, " etc. — the reasons for 
 which are set forth at considerable length. And the document is signed by 
 Buchanan Bros., C. B. Ripley, Seth Glidden, C. Ehrenfeld, H. H. Lin- 
 ville, Robt. Wetherill, C. \V. Abbott, Swift Bros., A. Thorns, Lindsay 
 Bros., Geo. D. Webster, Charles Crew, H. Wesley — all the carpenter- 
 employing firms in Pasadena at that time. The result was that nine hours 
 became a day's work in that trade, but only nine-hours pay was allowed. 
 Some workmen quit and left town ; some continued to work ten hours a 
 day; some worked nine hours only. The building boom soon began to de- 
 cline, and when it finally broke, the Carpenters' Union died out, for it came 
 to that that men were glad to get work at almost any price. However, by 
 1 89 1 business began to revive in this line, and 
 
 Local Union No. 645, of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners 0/ 
 America, was organized in the old Library building on Dayton street, 
 January 3, 1892, with fifteen charter members. The first ofiicers were : 
 J. S. Withiel, president ; S. H. Porter, recording secretary ; H. E. Shaw, 
 financial secretary. The information is given me that in the spring of 1893 
 this Union succeeded in establishing eight hours as a day's work, instead of 
 nine hours, for carpenters in Pasadena. Its officers in 1894 were: S. H. 
 Porter, president ; J. O. Burdick, vice president ; H. H. Hillier, recording 
 secretarj^ ; S. A. Rene, financial secretary ; Christian Hanson, treasurer. 
 Motto: "Labor Omnia Vincit." It is a beneficiary order, with fraternal, 
 social, and industrial objects also in view. 
 
 Knights of Labor. — Pasadena Local Assembly No. 1051 — founded 
 April 7, 1888. Met in the Mills block. Motto: " An injury to one is the 
 concern of all." Names of officers and charter members not furnished- 
 But an official document is furnished, in which occurs this instruction : 
 
 ' ' Above all things you are required to exercise the right of suffrage in- 
 telligently, and above partisan prejudice or bias. Do not vote for party be- 
 fore country. -^ ^ While the order is not a poHtical party, it knows of 
 no methods by which legislative reforms can be brouglit about except 
 through a wise and intelligent use of the ballot. The aim of the order is to 
 educate its members, and to mutually assi.st each other in every lawful and 
 practicable manner." 
 
 Pasadena Union No. 92, Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators of 
 America; organized February 3, 1892. Motto: "Labor Omnia Vincit." 
 Names of members and officers not furnished. Objects — Mutual aid, both 
 socially, intellectually, and industrially to members of the craft. Benefits : 
 Member's funeral, $50; $100; $150 — according to period of membership. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 515 
 
 Permanent disability, same figures. Wife's funeral, $25 ; $50. Meetings 
 Monday evening, in Arcade building. 
 
 Builders' Exchange. — Purely mutual and voluntary. Fifty mem- 
 bers have boxes each for their own business, at office of Simons Bros. Brick 
 Co. It is a place and facilities for conference on all matters as to cost of 
 material, cost of labor, sub-letting of contracts, etc., on buildings, sewer work, 
 street work, tunneling, excavating, cement work, brick laying, and all 
 manner of trades work in these lines. 
 
 nationalist club. 
 The first record that I found of this society was dated August 9, 1889, 
 and .said : "The third meeting for the consideration of Bellamy's book, and 
 other social reforms, took place in the parlor of the Universalist church. 
 Attendance, forty-eight. The subject of the evening was the ' Single Tax 
 System' of Henry George." At this meeting E. D. Neff was chairman, 
 and Miss Eaura B. Packard secretary ; and the speakers mentioned were 
 Walter Leavens, Dr. Lyman Allen, Mrs. Katie H. Keese, Mr. — Rhodes, 
 Mrs. Sophia K. Durant, J. B. Corson. The weekly meetings are recorded 
 as of " The Social Improvement Club,'' and seems to have had no regular 
 officiary up to October 5, 1889 ; but on this date the name ''First Nation- 
 alist Club of Pasadena " was formally adopted, and a board of officers 
 elected as follows : E. J. Durant, president ; M. Larkin, vice president ; 
 L. H. Bannister, secretary ; C. T. Dxss, treasurer ; Walter Leavens, W. H. 
 Clark, J. Albertus, advisory committee. The meetings continued to be held 
 weekly in the Universalist church basement until December 29 ; then they 
 were held in Wooster hall until August 17, 1890, when they returned to 
 the Universalist church again. And at this meeting the record says : " The 
 secretary stated that the meetings seemed to be doing but little good, that 
 many are losing interest, and they are at best but poorly attended." And 
 this meeting ended the club's active existence, for no further record appears 
 At this time there were ninety-nine names on its roll of membership ; yet 
 more than half the names mentioned from time to time as taking part in the 
 proceedings do not appear among the ninety-nine. 
 
 • During the life of this organization it was a thing of note, and was 
 always dubbed in press and common speech as "The Bellamy Club." 
 Among the prominent people who gave lectures, addresses, sermons, topical 
 papers, or the like under its auspices, were : Rev. E. L- Conger, D. D. ; 
 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr ; Prof. James G. Clark, the eminent poet, music com- 
 poser, and sweet singer ; Rev. D. P. Bowen, author of " The Ideal Republic"; 
 Rev. R. M. Webster, the apostle of "Applied Christianity"; Dr. O. H. 
 Conger; Dr. Si vartha of Chicago, known as a " re-incarnationist "; Rev. 
 Doremus Scudder, D. D., a Congregationalist minister of national fame — 
 public lecture in Williams hall ; Dr. Kate S. Black ; Abbot Kinney, of the 
 
5l6 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 State forestry commission ; Charlotte Perkins Stetson. Also man}' persons 
 of lesser note spoke there. 
 
 June 8, 1890, was observed by this club as Woman's Day ; Mrs. Larkin 
 acted as president and Mrs. D. W. Leavens as secretary ; the proceedings 
 were joined in by Mrs. Julia B. Sunderlin, Dr. Kate S. Black, Miss Marie 
 A. Walsch of Los Angeles, Mrs. Sophia K. Durant, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, 
 Miss Louise A. Off of Los Angeles. 
 
 people's society for ethical culture. 
 This was assembled in the Conservatory of Opera hall. North Fair 
 Oaks Avenue, October 11, 1891 ; and the records of the first meeting say : 
 " Meeting composed chiefly of the elements of the old Nationalist organiza- 
 tion." The formal organization was made October 18, with 23 members, 
 who elected for officers : M. Larkin, president ; C. F. Harris, vice-president; 
 Mrs. D. \V. Leavens, secretary and treasurer ; L. H. Bannister, H. G. C. 
 Gordon, Mrs. N. L. Ingham (besides the officers), executive committee. 
 There was some difficulty in choosing a name ; and the above rather lengthy 
 name was finally adopted as a compromise. The declared object was : "The 
 firiendly consideration and discussion of all questions affecting the social 
 wellbeing of the human race." Meetings were kept up until June 5, 1892. 
 No record appears after that date. 
 
 sociological society. 
 Organized April 27, 1895, i" ^- A. R. hall, with the following officers: 
 Elias Smith, M. D., president ; Miss EmmaC. Lentz, vice-president ; Frank 
 Merritt, secretary and treasurer ; Miss Carrie I. vSmith and James Semple 
 (with the officers), executive committee. Object : To discuss the live ques- 
 tions of the day. Motto: "Hear all sides." It is a successor to or 
 re-incarnation of the old "Society for Ethical Culture." Names new, but 
 plan and purpose substantially the same. 
 
 ALTRURIA association — PASADENA COUNCIL NO. 7. 
 
 Organized August 22, 1894, in G. A. R. hall, with eleveij active mem- 
 bers. First officers: Geo. A. Swerdfiger, president; Mrs. E. A. Emerson, 
 vice president ; Mrs. Katie H. Keese, secretary ; D. A. Harrison, chaplain ; 
 L. H. Bannister, superintendent ; Mrs. Harrison, treasurer. Later the 
 meetings were held bi-monthly, at Prof. Harrison's residence. This is one 
 of eight councils connected with the co-operative colony called Altruria, in 
 Sonoma county, Cal., the others being located at Altruria, Berkeley, Oak- 
 land, San Jose, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. In April, 1895, W. I. 
 Keese and family went from Pasadena to reside in the colony, and Mrs. Em- 
 ma F. Gardner was elected secretary in Mrs. Keese's place. In May, 1895, 
 there were fourteen members. 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 517 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 Aptitudes. — Literary, Charity, Nativity, and Sporting Organizations. 
 
 LITERARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 During the winter of 1875-76 the colony people organized a literary so- 
 ciety, which covered the whole ground of essays, debates, recitations, a pen- 
 and-ink local paper, dramatic performances, etc. For more particulars of 
 this first and richly historic society, see pages 137, 147, and 169. 
 
 PoMO LOGICAL SOCIETY. — The first fruit growers' organization in 
 Southern California was organized in Pasadena in 1875, and was in fact a 
 literary society, to report, read, compare experiences, and discuss on all 
 fruit-growing topics and interests. Jt met monthly in the colony school- 
 house ; but I did not find any further details. 
 
 Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle op Pasadena. — This 
 was organized in October, 1884 ; and the Valley Union of October 11 said : 
 
 In pursuance of a notice in the Union of October 4, a meeting was held 
 in the inner room of the Public I^ibrary building, Monday evening, for the 
 purpose of forming a C. L. S. C. in Pasadena. A large Circle was organ- 
 ized, of which Prof. E. T. Pierce was elected president, and Mrs. S. K. 
 Merritt, secretary. The following names were offered for membership : 
 Prof. E. T. Pierce, George E. Meharry, Moritz Rosenbaum, Mrs. E. T. W. Con- 
 ger, Mrs. H. W. Magee, Mrs. Caroline Ridgway, Mrs. N. M. Hisey, Mrs. 
 E. T. Pierce, Mrs. G. E. Meharry, Mrs. M. Rosenbaum, Mrs. M. E. Gall- 
 meyer, Mrs. C. C. Robinson, Mrs. S. E. Merritt, Miss Hannah Ball [now 
 Mrs. F. R. Harris], Miss L. H. Hisey, Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I. 
 Stuart], Miss Rhoda Dickey, Dr. John Cleaver, Prof. F. D. Bullard, Wm. B. 
 Mosher, H. Bert Ellis [now Dr. Ellis of Eos Angeles], Edward Mosher. " 
 
 Others soon joined, but these were the only names enrolled at the first 
 meeting. They kept up their meetings and readings for about six months, 
 then gradually dropped out, and this first Circle died. 
 
 Marengo Avenue Circle, C. E. S. C, was organized in November, 
 1886, at Switzer's camp, away up in the mountains via Arroyo Seco can- 
 yon. Those who formed it there were : Mrs. C. A. Boynton, Frank S. 
 Wallace, Miss Mary Wallace [now Mrs. F. S. Johnston], Mrs. H. E. Lucas, 
 Miss Annie P. Boynton [now Mrs. Dr. Bleecker], Miss S. E. Sherburne, 
 Mr. Lewis Carlisle. Mr. Wallace was chosen president, and Miss Boynton 
 secretary and treasurer. This organization still continues, and its officers in 
 1895 are: H. N. Van Nuys, president; J. W. Sedwick, vice president; 
 Miss Rosa AUin, secretary ; L- L- Test, treasurer. About twenty-five mem- 
 bers. 
 
 EscHOLTSCHiA CiRCLE, C. L- S. C. — Limited to a membership of ladies 
 only, and not more than twelve at one time, and day meetings only. This 
 was organized September 27, 1890, with Miss Elma Ball, Mrs. T. C. Foster, 
 
5l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Mrs. F. R. Harris, Mrs. August Meyer, Mrs. C. D. Sargent, Mrs. F. A. 
 Stout, and a few others, as first members. The}^ completed the four years 
 course, and four of them — Madames Foster, Meyer, Sargent, and Stout, 
 received diplomas ; but others did not apply for them. In June, 1894, when 
 the Chautauqua curriculum had been completed, they changed the name of 
 their society to the "Monday Afternoon Club," and still continue their 
 meetings and readings on lines of their own choice. 
 
 Delphi Circle, C. L. S. C. — This was organized October 2, 1892, out 
 of the Marengo Av. Circle, and is still in existence, 1895 ; but no data 
 furnished. 
 
 Olivewood Circle, C. L. S. C. — Organized October 2, 1892, out of 
 the Marengo Av. Circle, to serve as a local for residents of Olivewood 
 and vicinity. It was kept up for one* Chautauqua year, then disbanded — 
 some of its members going back into the parent circle and some into the 
 Delphi circle. 
 
 The following is a list, as nearly complete as I could gather, of persons 
 who have graduated from Pasadena circles and received the Chautauqua 
 diploma : Mrs. O. H. Stanton, Mrs. Anna H. Johnston, Mrs. Annie P. 
 Bleecker, Mrs. Frank S. Wallace, Mrs. Susie Holmes, Miss Maude Jacobs 
 [now Mrs. Winter], Mrs. T. C. Foster, Mrs. August Meyer, Mrs. C. D. 
 Sargent, Mrs. F. A. Stout, Mr. F. S. Wallace, Mr. A. B. Stevens. 
 
 Yucca Circle, C. L. S. C, South Pasadena. — Organized in October, 
 1887, by Mrs. A. A. Burrows, Miss h. E. Whiting, Miss C. M. Bishop, Mrs. 
 Gertrude Case [now Mrs. Bridges], Miss Rebecca Graham, Miss Belle Everett. 
 [Mrs. Burrows was one of the first members and first graduates of the 
 first Chautauqua class or circle ever formed in the world. That class was 
 enrolled on the banks of Chautauqua lake, in 1878, while Rev. Dr. Vincent 
 was standing on a stump addressing them. She joined this Pasadena circle 
 to review.] Its graduates have been : Miss Bishop, 1891 ; Mrs. Leo Long- 
 ley, 1892 ; Harry W. Cunningham, 1893. In June, 1893, this circle died. 
 
 The Cynthia Bishop Circle, C. L. S. C, South Pasadena. — Organ- 
 ized in October, 1894. Miss North, president; Miss Elva Srcith, 
 
 secretary. 
 
 The Shakspeare Club. — The beginning of this society was during a 
 session of the Ladies Aid Society of the First Congregational church, in 
 June, 1888, when Miss Claribel Thompson and Mrs. Lydia Nash privately 
 talked over the matter of having a ladies' literary society or club, and 
 agreed to start one. Accordingly they appointed a meeting for the next 
 week at Miss Thompson's home on Palmetto street. Other ladies had been 
 invited, but only tho.se two came. They, however, proceeded to formulate 
 the plan for future meetings, and decided on Shakspeare as the first author 
 to take up. At the next meeting there were three recruits— Miss Ellen F. 
 
DIVISION SEV:eN — SOCIETARY. 519 
 
 Thompson, Mrs. Ella Allen and Mrs. Dr. Page. After this the attendance 
 steadily increased; and on August 31, 1888, a formal organization was 
 made, under the name of "Women's Reading Club," with twelve members. 
 Miss Ellen Thompson, president ; Mrs. Eydia Nash, vice-president ; Mrs. 
 Henry G. Bennett, secretary and treasurer. It was soon found that the 
 initials, W. R. C, of the name adopted being used in the newspapers, were 
 always mistaken for the well known "Woman's Relief Corps " secret order; 
 and therefore in March, 1889, the name " Shakspeare Club of Pasadena" 
 was substituted. The club has pursued a systematic study of the social and 
 domestic life, architecture, literature, music and art works, industries, gen- 
 eral history, etc., of different nations. The officers in 1894 were: Mrs. 
 Prof. Keyes, president ; Mrs. Frances A. Stout, vice-president ; Mrs. Martha 
 B. Pitkin, treasurer ; Mrs. Ella B. Gabriel, secretary. The meetings were 
 held at members' homes, by appointment, until 1893, when G. A. R. hall 
 was secured. 
 
 The Fortnightly Club is a literary and public lecture association 
 connected with the Universalist church. It was organized during the winter 
 of 1892-93, and has continued since. 
 
 There are several local or neighborhood reading circles or clubs, in 
 addition to the public ones above recorded. 
 
 Pasadena Medical Association was organized April 2, 1889, by 
 Drs. A. H. Davis, D. B. Van Slyck, N. A. Dairy mple, F. F. Rowland, 
 
 Kelsey, Pinckney. In 1891 Dr. Van Slyck was their delegate to 
 
 the State Medical Society. In 1895 ^^^ officers were : Van Slyck, president; 
 Rowland, secretary. The objects are, to have reports and discussions on 
 medical and sanitary matters, maintain a legitimate fee bill, promote fraternal 
 relations, etc. In February, 1895, they took strong ground in favor of 
 police regulations to prevent the spread of consumption in Pasadena, and on 
 other points of sanitary policeage. 
 
 charities and benevolences. 
 Charity Organization Society. — The first meeting was held at 
 M. E. Wood's real estate office on Colorado street, June 28, 1889. Those 
 present were : J. A. Buchanan, A. B. Manahan, W, U. Masters, D. Gal- 
 braith, W. E. Arthur, Dr. O. H. Conger, Rev. Dr. E. E. Conger, Dr. G. 
 Roscoe Thomas, M. E. Wood, B. Marshal Wotkyns, Isaac Springer, Miss 
 Anna E. Bartlett, Dr. Eliza Beach. A provisional organization was formed, 
 and committees appointed to work up public interest. Then on August 20 
 a general public meeting was held in Williams hall, and officers elected, to- 
 wit : Buchanan, president ; A. F. M. Strong, vice president ; Isaac Springer, 
 secretary ; M. E. Wood, treasurer. And Buchanan, Strong, Masters, Rev. 
 Conger, Dr. Eliza Beach, Miss Bartlett, and Miss J. C. McGuire, as an ex- 
 ecutive committee. The objects were stated to be: 
 
520 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1. To see that all deserving cases of destitution are properly relieved_ 
 
 2. To prevent indiscriminate almsgiving. 
 
 3. To secure the communit}' from imposture. 
 
 4. To make employment the basis of relief. 
 
 The necessity for this organization was forced upon a committee en- 
 gaged in soliciting aid for the sufferers by the terrible flood at Johnstown, 
 Pa., and great fire at Seattle, Washington, early in 1889. At the Williams 
 hall meeting, August 20, this committee reported nearly $1,200 collected; 
 $500 of it had been sent to each of the stricken cities, and the balance was 
 turned over to this charity society. A published report of its transactions 
 in 1 89 1 showed a total of $618.21 received, and $359.35 paid out. Of the 
 amounts received from various sources there were : $33.50 from donations; 
 $62.91 from the President Harrison reception; $35 from Los Angeles 
 county ; $284.97 from the Chrysanthemum Fair. 
 
 The main purpose of this society is to secure mutual co-operation and 
 oversight of all charity work in the city, so as to prevent imposture by pro- 
 fessional beggars, chronic tramps, vagrants, etc. ; to avoid overlapping of 
 work : to aid promptly the worthy destitute who are not otherwise cared 
 for ; and to secure employment wherever possible for those in need. On 
 this basis, there were in March, 1891, twenty-three churches and other or- 
 ganizations reported as thus co-operating under this society. In 1894 there 
 were about fifty members, and the officers were : Buchanan, president ; 
 F. H. Vallette, vice president ; Miss Bartlett, secretary ; A. H. Conger, 
 treasurer. Executive committee : President Buchanan, W. U. Masters, 
 Mr. Vallette, Rev. C. E. Harris, Rev. Conger, Mrs. Judge Hester, Mrs. 
 Glendora Kyle. 
 
 Order of King's Daughters. — "Cheerful Workers " Circle No. i, 
 was organized June 9, 1888, by Miss Maude M. Marriner, with ten girls out 
 of her class in the Methodist Sunday school ; and this was the beginning of 
 the order in Pasadena. The first officers were : Miss Marriner, president ; 
 Nellie Austin, vice president ; Helen Johnston, secretary ; Jessie Buckius, 
 treasurer. Motto: "In His Name." Object: Every sort of work and 
 duty that will put the precepts of Christ into practice. Groups of "tens" 
 select some special thing as their special work. This Circle gave its first 
 public entertainment on September 25, t888, in the M. E. church, and 
 cleared $65.80 for their treasury. Miss Marriner died in 1892, but her good 
 work abides. 
 
 " The Whatsoever Circle," O. K. D., is connected with the Inrst Pres- 
 byterian church ; and its officers in 1894-95 were : Miss Ella Webb, presi- 
 dent ; Mi.ss Pearl Van Doren, secretary ; Miss Ethel Grey, treasurer. 
 
 United Samaritan Society. — This was an outgrowth of the Ladies 
 Union Prayer Meeting, and was organized June 18, 1889, at the Presby- 
 terian church, there being 55 first members. The name itself indicates its 
 
DIVISION SEVERN — SOCIETARY. 
 
 521 
 
 object. The first officers were : Mrs. Mary S. Mosher, president ; Mrs. 
 Elizabeth R. Townsend, vice-president ; Mrs. H. Dyer, secretary ; Mrs. 
 Hester J. Griffith, treasurer. And a board of managers composed of one 
 from each church represented in the society. In 1890, and each year since, 
 the collection taken up at the Union Thanksgiving service has been given to 
 this society; and the sum total, together with other freewill offerings, has 
 been for the five years $793. 35. In the same time about 900 articles of 
 clothing were received and given out. During 1894 about 150 visits were 
 made to families needing aid and Christian sympathy, besides visits to 
 prisons and hospitals. The Thankgiving collection this year was $59.32 ; 
 the individual offerings, $48.55 in cash and $100 value in food supplies. 
 With these means, 48 distressed families were aided ; and 300 articles of 
 clothing donated were placed where there was suffering need. On Thanks- 
 giving day 23 families received dinners, groceries and clothing. It is a 
 principle with this society not to get up any balls, fairs, suppers, bazars, 
 concerts or public entertainments of any sort, to raise charity funds by in- 
 direct methods. All their resources are from freewill offerings, made 
 directly and purposely for this Christlike work. Officers in 1885 : Mrs. S. 
 E. Bosley, president ; Mrs. A. F. Keyes, vice-president ; Mrs. Dyer, secre- 
 tary : Miss E. E. Fish, treasurer. 
 
 MoNTCLAiR Children's Home. — 
 About August I, 1 89 1, Dr. J. R. Town- 
 send was appointed superintendent for 
 Southern California of the National Child- 
 ren's Home Society (headquarters at 
 Chicago), devoted to the work of getting 
 homeless children into childless homes ; 
 and Mrs. Townsend was made assistant 
 superintendent. They opened a temporary 
 home to take in and care for homeless 
 waifs until thej'^ could be placed in suit- 
 able familes either by guardianship or le- 
 gal adoption. In 1892, a Rev. D. D. was sent here from the Chicago 
 authorities as their general superintendent in California, whose manner 
 was such that the whole business seemed to be a mere begging machine 
 for raising money to pay his salary of $2,000 a year and expenses ; and 
 our people didn't hanker for that sort of " charity." 
 
 The Montclair* Children's Home Association was organized December 
 20, 1893, with Hon. P. M. Green, D. Galbraith, Rev. C. C. Reynolds, 
 Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, Ernest Canfield, Henry Cooley, Dr. J. R. Townsend, 
 as board of trustees ; and a State charter was granted them January 11, 
 
 *The name " Montclair " was given to this Home by Dr. Townsend and wife, as a memorial to 
 their little son of this name, who died on the island of Jamaica, West Indies, while they were in service 
 as missionaries there. 
 
 MONTCLAIR CHILDREN'S HOME--lSg5. 
 
522 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1894. The same plan and objects was continued as before, with Dr. Town- 
 send and wife as managers. Mrs. Towusend was also State superintendent 
 for that department of work in the W. C. T. U. A report made to the 
 State W. C. T. U. in May, 1894, showed the parentage of children cared 
 for at this home up to that date, thus : French, i ; Danish, i ; Spanish, i ; 
 Swede, i ; German, i ; Negro, 3 ; white American, 49. There had been 
 returned to friends, 4 children ; placed in homes, 23 ; secured legal adoption, 
 3. A quarterly paper to represent this work was commenced in June, 1894. 
 
 Freewill Children's Home. — In August, 1893, Miss Olive h. 
 Cleveland bought a property that had been built and fixed up for a saloon 
 and beer garden in South Pasadena, and had been so used until the city 
 authorities there drove out that nefarious business. She made suitable 
 changes in the place, and opened it as a Home for destitute children, and 
 for half-orphans, and for those needing temporary care till other provision 
 can be made for them by parents or relatives. Those who can pay in whole 
 or in part for cost of board, do so ; but many children have to be kept 
 purely as charity cases. In 1895 the Universalist parish of Pasadena took 
 a special interest in aiding this orphanage. Miss Cleveland was 70 years 
 old April 4, 1895, and had then 10 children in care. 
 
 Pasadena Humane Society, for prevention of cruelty to animals 
 and children. Organized October 18, 1894, auxiliary to the Los Angeles 
 Humane society, and under sanction of the State law as re-enacted b}^ the 
 legislature of 1873-74. The charter members were : Dr. F. F. Rowland 
 and wife, the meeting being at his office; Dr. Ward B. Rowland, Dr. G. 
 Roscoe Thomas and wife, Mrs. Wm. Stanton, Dr. J. R. Townsend and wife, 
 B. W. Hahn, Esq., Dr. Kate S. Black, Mrs. M. Dreer, E. E. Jones and 
 wife. First officers were : Dr. F. Rowland, president ; Wm. Stanton, vice- 
 president ; Dr. Townsend, secretary ; Dr. Thomas, treasurer ; W. B. Row- 
 land, V. S., consulting veterinary surgeon ; B. W. Hahn, attorney ; Mrs. 
 Wm. Stanton, Mrs. E. T. Howe, additional directors. August i, 1895, officers 
 were the same ; and there was an enrollment of 57 members. Mrs. E. R. 
 Townsend and Miss Olive Cleveland stand as honorary members, in recog- 
 nition of their faithful and devoted labors for orphan children. 
 
 nativity associations. 
 The New England Society. — Its formation was suggested by the 
 incident of Geo. A. Durrell meeting Mrs. S. E. Merritt at the Pasadena 
 Library rooms on Dayton street, both being from Massachusetts. Mrs. 
 Merritt suggested the forming of a societj^ of Massachusetts residents. Mr. 
 Durrell amended this suggestion with another, the forming of a New Eng- 
 land society ; whereupon it was agreed to call a meeting of the sons and 
 daughters of New England. Mr. Durrell hired the kitchen room of Williams 
 hall, and advertised a meeting for March 16, 1S87. There were present at 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 523 
 
 that meeting the following, viz : Geo. A. Durrell, of Lawrence, Mass. (born 
 in Sanbornton, N. H.); P. G. Wooster, Hancock, Maine (born in same 
 place); Mrs. Mary A. Wooster, Edgartown, Mass. (born in same place); 
 Thos. F. Flynn, Boston, Mass. (born in same place); O. J. Muchmore, Thet- 
 ford, Vermont (born in Lebanon, N. H.); Mrs. O. J. Muchmore, Monmouth, 
 Maine (born in same place); G. S. Elsmore, Calais, Maine (born at Cooper, 
 Maine); Mrs. G. vS. Elsmore, St. David, N. B. (born in Cooper, Maine); 
 Mrs. E.J. McDermid, Skowhegan, Maine; Mrs. Alice M. Hildreth, Gar- 
 diner, Maine; S. L. Tuttle, Vergennes, Vermont (born in Monkton, Vt.); 
 Mrs. S. L. Tuttle, Vergennes, Vermont; W. S. Holland, Pauton (born in 
 Burlington, Vermont); his wife, Adeline, of Addison (born in Burlington, 
 Vermont); Albert P. Tower, Charlestown, Mass. (born in Somerville, Mass.); 
 William T. Reid, Litchfield, New Hamp.shire ; Joseph Smiley, Sydney, 
 Maine (born in Skowhegan, Maine); Mary F. Smiley, Camden, Maine (born 
 in Skowhegan, Maine); John C. Costello, Boston, Mass.; James E. Place, 
 Portsmouth, New Hampshire (born in Cohoes, New York); James E. 
 Clarke, Newcastle, Maine (born in Augusta, Maine); F. M. Hovey, St. 
 Johnsbury, Vermont ; Jared Norton, Cottage City, Mass. (born at Edgar- 
 town, Mass.); Harry E. Lucas and wife. B. O. Kendall and wife, Theo. 
 Harrington and wife. 
 
 This society was organized with constitution and by-laws, and had 197 
 members, all told. It held twenty-three meetings, beginning with March 16, 
 1887, and ending April 5, 1889. P. G. Wooster was the first president; re- 
 elected January 19, 1888. W. S. Wright was second president. Geo. A. 
 Durrell was the first and only secretary. First treasurer, J. E. Farnum ; 
 second, W. S. Wright ; third, Mrs. Mary A. Wooster. First vice presidents 
 representing the six New England states were : Mrs. E. S. Frost, Maine ; 
 Mrs. O. J. Muchmore, New Hampshire ; Mrs. I. M. Hill, Vermont; Mrs. 
 S. E. Merritt, Massachusetts ; Mrs. I. B. Clapp, Connecticut ; Mrs. Julia E. 
 Briggs, Rhode Island. A big picnic was held at Lincoln Park, April 26^ 
 1887. Afterward meetings were held from house to house; the first at 
 P. G. Wooster's, November 10, 1887, at 311 North Raymond Avenue ; and 
 the last at Wooster block, April 5, 1889. November 24, 1887, the society 
 had a large gathering and big Thanksgiving dinner at Williams hall ; 150 
 persons sat at the table. [This historical sketch furnished by Mr. Wooster.] 
 
 There have been also an Iowa Association, a Vermont Association, a 
 Whiteside county (Illinois) Association, a Scottish Association, an Ohio As- 
 sociation, and perhaps others ; but they have not been kept up, and no data 
 were furnished me. 
 
 SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Pasadena Rifle Team. — This was the first organization of the 
 sort in Pasadena, and was formed during the winter of 1881-82. I wrote 
 to its secretary (C. H, Watts, now residing at Downey) for information, but 
 
524 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 received nothing ; and from other sources I gathered the following list of 
 names who were members of it: Col. Jabez Banbury, H. H. Markham, 
 Chas. H. Watts, David Townsend, F. H. Heald, E. G. Halleck, E. F. 
 Hurlbut, J. D. Gilchrist, J. H. Baker, Joseph Wallace, Seymour Eocke. 
 They had a practice ground on the Arroyo bottom about half a mile below 
 where the Scoville bridge now stands. The ground was in 1884 turned into 
 a Chinese market garden, and two or three years later was nearly all washed 
 away. During the winter of 1884-85 Mr. Watts sold his Pasadena property 
 and went into a livery stable business in Eos Angeles ; and the " Team " 
 had a prize shoot there on April 28, 1885, for two cups given by Mr. Hurl- 
 but. I found no tradition or record of any of their doings after this 
 date. [See Gov. Markham's bear story, page 45-1.] Mr. Townsend had 
 died in 1883 ; Halleck went back to Wisconsin into some sort of railroad 
 business : Heald went to Elsinore, became an editor, boomed a town, and 
 busted ; Markham was elected to Congress, then to the State governorship ; 
 Banbury started a lumber yard, then was elected to the legislature, and had 
 no time for sporting any more ; Wallace started a cannery, and had his 
 hands full ; Gilchrist started a great printing establishment in Eos Angeles, 
 and was tied up there; Baker built the Acme hotel; and so Pasadena's 
 historic ' ' Rifle Team ' ' was scattered and broken up. 
 
 Valley Hunt Club. — Organized November 3, 1888, wdth the following 
 persons as charter members : 
 
 GENTLEMEN. LADIES. 
 
 F. F. Buell, Mrs. Buell, 
 
 W. U. Masters, Mrs. Masters, 
 
 H. H. Suesserott, Mrs. B. M. Wotkyns, 
 
 T. B. Barnum, Mrs. Barnum, 
 
 C. F. Holder, Miss J. Patten, 
 
 R. Vandevort, Miss M. Greenleaf, 
 
 P. Martin, Miss T. Greene, 
 
 Dr. H. N. Hall, Miss Fanny Cole, 
 
 Dr. H. H. Sherk, Miss Mary Cole, ^ 
 
 W. Browning, Miss E. S. Reid, * 
 
 Conway Campbell-Johnston, Miss Peck, 
 
 Henry F. Pratt, Miss Fannie Shoemaker, 
 
 Miss Susan Carter. 
 
 Honorary members: J. DeBarth Shorb, Jr., Arturo Bandini, Count 
 Von Schmidt. The first officers were : Barnum, president ; Holder, vice- 
 president ; Mrs. Wotkyns, secretary ; Mr. Buell, treasurer. Masters of 
 Hounds : Dr. Hall, Messrs. Browning, Vandevort and Campbell-Johnson. 
 The club color is "Red." The objects set forth are: "The hunting of 
 the jack rabbit, fox, and other wild game, with horse and hound ; the en- 
 couragement of horseback riding;" etc. This club made itself historic in 
 a large sense by getting up and managing for .several years a great New 
 Year pageant and festival called the "Tournament of Roses," which has 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 525 
 
 thereby become established as Pasadena's most characteristic annual festivity. 
 The association owns its Club House property at the head of Colorado 
 court, estimated worth $6,000. Article I of Constitution limits the active 
 membership to 100 (admission fee $10); and in 1894-95 the roll was full, 
 besides applications awaiting vacancies. 
 
 At a meeting on November 18, 1892, articles of incorporation were 
 adopted and the following board of directors chosen : F. C. Bolt, C- D- 
 Daggett, W. ly. Wotkyns, E. H. May, F. F. Rowland. And on the 23d 
 they were sworu into office by Notary Public W. R. Staats. The principal 
 officers in 1895 were: C. D. Daggett, president; h- C. Torrance, vice- 
 president ; N. W. Bell, secretary ; W. R. Staats, treasurer ; and these, with 
 Wm. Stanton added, are the board of directors. 
 
 Company "B," of N. G. C. — The Pasadena Stayidard oi December 28, 
 1889, said : 
 
 "The Pasadena company for the California National Guards was 
 mustered in last Monday evening [December 23], with 66 members. The 
 officers elected were : For Captain, I^awrence Buckley, 12 years lieutenant 
 and drill master in the New York 7th regiment ; for ist Lieutenant, A. L. 
 Hamilton, principal of the Garfield school ; for 2d Lieutenant, James H. 
 Cambell, city clerk. They will be known as Company B, 7th regiment. 
 The State allows them $1,200 a year for hall rent, and this ought to secure 
 an Armory Hall in good style." 
 
 Capt. Buckley resigned October 30, 1890, and on December i, 1890, A. 
 L. Hamilton was elected Captain ; Jas. H. Cambell, ist Lieut.; N. S. Bang- 
 ham, 2d Lieut. In September, 1891, Capt. Hamilton and ist Lieut. Cambell 
 resigned, and on October 5, 1891, N, S. Bangham was elected Captain; V. 
 R. Sutliff, ist Lieut.; and P. J. Cook, 2d Lieut. May 20, 1893, Capt. 
 Bangham resigned ; and Lieut. Cook was elected Captain ; Corporal Frank 
 J. McGowan promoted ist Lieut.; and Corporal R. Collingwood, Jr., 2d 
 Lieut. — all to rank from December 11, 1893. January 24, 1895, Capt. 
 Cook and Lieut. McGowan resigned ; and N. S. Bangham was again called 
 to the captaincy ; Collingwood was promoted to ist Lieutenant, and Q. M. 
 Sergeant Chas. H. Cole was made 2d Lieutenant — all to date from Febru- 
 ary 18, 1895. 
 
 The company celebrated its second anniversary, December 23, 1891, at 
 the Painter hotel, in full dress uniform and accompanied by ladies. Capt. 
 Bangham was in command, and had as guests Col. Schreiber of the 7th 
 regiment, and Lieut. -Col. Howland, from Los Angeles. Its third anni- 
 versary was held in its own Armory hall in the Morgan block, over post- 
 office, on Raymond Avenue, December 23, 1892. A report made at this 
 time gave the public parades in which the company had taken part, as 
 follows : 
 
 February 12, 1890, at the laying of the corner stone forWhittier Reform 
 School, with 50 men. 
 
526 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 March 12, 1890, at Cross railway celebration, Pasadena, with 54 men. 
 
 May 30, 1890, at Memorial Day parade as escort to the G. A. R. in 
 both Pasadena and Los Angeles, with 48 men. 
 
 Jul}^ 4, 1890, at both Pasadena and Los Angeles, with 46 men. 
 
 September 9, 1890, at Admission Day celebration, Pasadena, with 53 
 men. 
 
 April 22, 1891, as et^cort to President Harrison, in Los Angeles, with 
 35 men. 
 
 July 4, 1 89 1, in Los Angeles, with 35 men. 
 
 July 4, 1892, in Pasadena, with 45 men. 
 
 October 21, 1892, at Columbian celebration in Pasadena, with 42 men. 
 
 At the company's fifth anniversary only four of its original members 
 had been on the roll continuously from the first — to-wit : Ed. C. Clapp, C. 
 H. Cole, Frank L. Heiss, and J. G. Rossiter. Two others, Collingwood 
 and WiUis, had been out awhile, then returned. 
 
 Pickwick Club. — This was designed for a social, literary, dramatic, 
 and other pastime assemblage of a select circle, its original projectors being 
 J. M. Shawhau, W. L. Vail, W. J. Craig, F. J. Policy, B. W. Bates, C. W. 
 Bell, and others. The first meetings were held in the "kitchen" room 
 connected with the three halls in Williams Hall block. But the club wa.s 
 finally organized in the old Central School building, on Raymond Avenue, 
 in 1887, with about 100 first members. Its first officers were: Byron \V. 
 Bates, president (he was then cashier of the S. G. V. Bank); J. M. Shaw- 
 han, secretary and treasurer. When the south half of Hotel Green was 
 first built (then called the "Webster"), a suite of rooms were specially 
 planned there for this club, including a large dance hall and assembly room, 
 with stage and dramatic fixtures, — all fitted and furnished in most elegant 
 style — a regular society "boom," in keeping with the real estate boom. 
 The club had its full share of ups and downs, ins and outs, trials and 
 tribulations, but still continues to exist, the officers in 1895 being: C. B. 
 Thomas, president; Hon. C. M. Simpson, vice-president; L. J. Huff, secre- 
 tary and treasurer. This club once entertained a son of Charles Dickens, 
 the great English novelist, from whose "Pickwick Papers" the club took 
 its name. They also entertained Thomas Nast, the famous cartoon artist ot 
 Harper' s Weekly. These were, perhaps, the most notable historic incidents 
 in the club's record thus far. 
 
 Pasadena Athletic Cluk, was organized in August, 1890, as an 
 offshoot from the Pickwick Club, its chief promoters being H. R. Hertel, 
 F. Martin Summers, C. W. Bell, F. J. Policy, and a few others. Mr. Sum- 
 mers was the first president ; and at the end of his first term [he was re- 
 elected] he reported the receipts as nearly $1,000 — all debts and expenses of 
 the club paid — and a balance of $65 in the treasury. The club had leased 
 and fitted up a gymna.sium and social rooms in the old Central school build- 
 ing on Raymond Avenue. Then in November, 1891, they leased ground 
 
DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 527 
 
 between Fair Oaks and Raymond Avenues below Vineyard street, had an 
 oval one-sixth of a mile track graded, tiers of seats erected, etc., to exhibit 
 sporting events. And on December 24 following, they gave a great Field 
 Day of athletic sports for which 48 entries were enrolled for the different 
 events ; and the following gentlemen served, according to printed program, 
 as officers of the day : Starter, H. R. Hertel ; referee, F. Martin Summers; 
 clerk of the course, C. W. Bell ; field judges, B. O. Kendall, H. E. Pratt 
 and P. W. B. Walker ; timers, C. S. Martin, J. W. Wood and H. H. Rose ; 
 finish judges, Cal. Hartwell, C. L,. Miller and F. J. Policy ; official scorer, 
 J. G. Rossiter ; official announcer, Geo. Frost ; marshal, Geo. Greeley. On 
 August 23, 1893, occurred the great celebration on the completion of the 
 Electric railroad up Echo mountain, and known as " Prof. Lowe Day," this 
 club gave a series of athletic events as part of the day's festivities. 
 
 In 1894 Thomas Banbury bought the old school building and moved it 
 away. The club found no other quarters to suit their case ; and now, in 
 1895, it is in a state of languishing desuetude. 
 
 Crown City Cycle Club. — Meetings to talk the matter over were 
 held at Braley's Bicycle Emporium rooms on Raymond Avenue ; and the 
 club was organized there on July 25, 1894, with the following roll of 
 members : Chas. C. Glass, E. W. Flint ; E. R. Braley, J. S. Evans, S. E. 
 Downey, R. V. Dey, W. H. Stewart, A. F. Canfield, A. E. Ryder, R. H. 
 Hargreaves, E. Freeman, E. D. G. Campbell, R. H. Gaylord, C. A. John- 
 ston, Ed. Gamble, W. B. Willis, A. G. Stevens, W. T. Stevens. W. Seamons. 
 F. H. Smith, N. White, Harry Myers, C. H. Hillard, Wm. Crowell, Geo. 
 Dell, Thomas Ralphs. The first officers were : Glass, president ; Braley, 
 vice-president ; Flint, secretary ; Gaylord, treasurer. The club colors are 
 orange and green. This club's by-laws declare that no intoxicating liquors 
 nor gambling of any sort shall be allowed in the club rooms ; and no runs 
 shall be made by or in the name of the club on Sundays. There were 45 
 members in March, 1895. C. Hewitt, secretary. In July they leased 12 
 acres of land on Lincoln Avenue and Hammond street, and made a one- 
 third mile cycling track there ; and at same time the Star said : ' ' Pasadena 
 has fourteen bicycle dealers, representing twenty -two different wheels." 
 
528 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 DIVISION EIGHT— SCIENCE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 Prehistoric Man in Pasadena.— The Glacial Periodof Geology.— The ancient town- 
 site on Reservoir Hill. — Human relics as ancient as those of Table Mountain in 
 Calaveras county. — Descriptive list of stone implements found. — Prof. Holder's 
 letter. 
 
 PREHISTORIC MAN IN PASADENA. 
 
 In order that the reader who is not specially versed in geology may 
 have some fair idea of the real force and import of the facts which show 
 that man dwelt in Pasadenaland many thousands of years ago, I must first 
 present extracts from the latest and highest scientific authority on man's ex- 
 istence on the Pacific coast prior to or during the era known in geology as 
 the Glacial period, which was the closing or breaking-up time of the Ter- 
 tiary age. [See Geological Chart, Chapter 29.] The International Scien- 
 , tific Series, published by D. Appleton & Co. of New York, is reckoned as 
 first-rank authority in the scientific world. No. 69 of this series treated of 
 "Man AND THE Glacial Period," was published in 1892, and was writ- 
 ten by Geo. Frederick Wright, D. D., LL. D., F. G. S. A., professor in 
 Oberlin Theological Seminary; Asst. on U. S. Geological Survey ; author of 
 " The Ice Age in North America," etc., etc., etc. He is therefore perfectly 
 competent to give us the latest results of scientific research in his chosen 
 field. And from his work on "Man," etc., publi.shed in 1892, I quote : 
 
 " Most interesting evidence concerning the antiquity of man in Amer- 
 ica, and his relation to the Glacial period, has come from the Pacific coast. 
 * * These reports did not attract much .scientific attention until they 
 came to relate to the gravel deposits found deeply buried beneath a flow 
 of lava locally known as the Sonora or Tuolumne Table Mountain. This 
 lava issued from a vent near the summit of the mountain range, and flowed 
 down the valley of the Stanislaus river for a distance of fifty or sixty miles, 
 burying everything in the valley beneath it, and compeUing the river 
 to seek another channel. * * * jt was under this mountain of lava 
 that the numerous implements and remains of man occurred which were re- 
 ported to Prof. J. D. Whitney when he was conducting the geological sur- 
 vey of California, between i860 and 1870. * * -' Interest reached a still 
 higher pitch when, in 1866, an entire human .skull, with some other human 
 bones was reported to have been discovered under this same lava deposit, a 
 few miles from Sonora, at Altaville, in Calaveras county, and hence known 
 as the * Calaveras skull. ' * * * ^ The forms of animal and vegetable 
 life with which the remains of man under Table Mountain are associated 
 are indeed to a considerable extent species now extinct in California, and 
 some of them no longer exist anywhere in the world. * * * The con- 
 nection of these lava-flows on the Pacific coa.st with the Glacial period is un- 
 questionably close. For some reason which we do not fully understand, the 
 vast accumulation of ice in North America during the Glacial period is cor- 
 related with enormous eruptions of lava west of the Rocky Mountains, and. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 529 
 
 in connection with these events, there took place on the Pacific coast an al- 
 most entire change in the plants and animals occupying the region."* 
 
 The above extracts are taken from pages 294 to 301, omitting every- 
 thing but what seemed to have some bearing on our Pasadena case. For 
 account of glacial marks on granite rocks at Devil's Gate, and other evi- 
 dences of glacier work hereabouts, see chapter 29, on Geology. 
 
 OUR ANCIENT TOWNSITE. 
 
 The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association was organized December 23 
 1873. One of their first necessities was to secure a water supply both for 
 domestic use and for irrigation purposes. Their highest point of land was 
 at the north end of the street they had laid out as Orange Grove Avenue, 
 between it and the brow of the great Arroyo Seco chasm, and here they de- 
 cided to build a colony reservoir. The site had long been used for a sheep 
 corral, because of the land sloping away in every direction and thus giving 
 the shepherds and their dogs an advantage in detecting the approach by day 
 or night of bears, coyotes, mountain lions, foxes, wild cats, or other animals 
 that prey upon sheep or lambs ; and also because of the bountiful springs at 
 the foot of the great bluflf, where the pumping works are now located. The 
 ground was covered several inches deep with sheep manure, which was scraped 
 off and hauled away to fertilize young trees or growing crops. This left ex- 
 posed the original unbroken surface of the ground which had never before 
 felt the upturning stroke of plow or pick. This top was composed of moun- 
 tain-debris soil just like the surface at lower points all around. The exca- 
 vation was commenced, with no thought of anything unusual in the situ- 
 ation. However, when the work had progressed to a depth of about four 
 feet below that unbroken surface the plows and picks began to turn up 
 specimens of stones that had been wrought and fashioned by man for his 
 own special uses. These relics were so abundant that they attracted a good 
 deal of interest and curiosity at the time, and many persons carried away 
 specimens to keep as curios. As nearly as I can learn, over a hundred 
 specimens were carried away at that time, and quite as many more have 
 been taken since. Yet in all this time, being now over twenty years, it has 
 been regarded as simply an old Indian village site, such as are found in 
 many places all over California, New Mexico, Arizona, etc.; and that the 
 stone implements found here had no greater historic interest or significance 
 than those found in hundreds of other places. But a very different and 
 more far-reaching view of the matter was first publicly announced by Dr. 
 Reid at a meeting of the Pasadena Fortnightl}' Club, February 27, 1894, 
 Archaeology and Geology being the topics of the evening, under auspices of 
 
 *See Geology of Cal.,Vol. i — J.D. Whitney, state geologist (published by the state. Printed at 
 Phi'adelphia — 1865), pages 250 to 253. The fossils were experled by such eminent authorities as Profs. S. 
 Newberry and Joseph Leidy. 
 
 34 
 
530 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the Science Section of the Club — Prof. A. J. McClatchie of Throop Insti- 
 tute, chairman of the section. 
 
 PRIME ELEMENTS OF THE ANCIENT TOWNSITE PROBLEM. 
 
 1. This site was on the highest point or body of land anywhere in the 
 vicinity. The land sloped from it z>z every directio7i. 
 
 2. The surface was composed of materials conveyed down from the 
 mountains and canyons, just the same as the surface soil for miles around. 
 
 3. The surface had never before been plowed or dug up or filled in by 
 man ; it was just as nature had originally piled it there. 
 
 4. The stone-age relics were found mostly about four feet below the 
 natural surface of the ground, or varying from three and one-half to five 
 feet. The following witnesses to this fact are still living: A. O. Bri.stol, 
 John \V. Wilson, Henry G. Bennett, J. H. Baker, Chas. H. Watts, Col. J. 
 Banbury, Hon. P. M. Green, Thomas Croft, W. T. Clapp, B. S. Eaton. 
 
 5. No fragments of pottery were found. These pre-Pasadenians had 
 not yet acquired the art of making pottery. 
 
 6. No worked flint was found. They had not yet acquired the art of 
 working flint, or using arrow heads or spear heads. 
 
 7. No groov^ed stone axes or hammers were found. These people had 
 not yet discovered that method of attaching a stone weapon or tool to a 
 wooden handle. 
 
 8. No specimens have been found with dish-depth sufficient to warrant 
 their being called "mortars." These people had not yet reached that degree 
 of stone working skill. No real "pestles" were found — only "mealing 
 stones." 
 
 9. No indications were found that they knew the use of fire : no bits 
 of charcoal or burnt wood ; no burnt clay or sand ; no stones that showed 
 the action of fire upon them — all of which are usually found at any ancient 
 townsite within the historic period. 
 
 10. The specimens found are true paleoliths, or early stone-age relics. 
 
 1 1 . How came they there, and when ? 
 
 I now address myself to solving this deep and interesting problem. 
 
 The first four points noted above really belong together, as part of one 
 general and controlling fact, which is, that the relics were buried four or 
 more feet deep by naUiral causes, even though the)^ were on the highest 
 point of land in the vicinity. They must have been originally covered 
 much deeper, for the hill had been subject to the natural washing down bj' 
 rains for centuries, or ever since it was segregated from the west hills by 
 the commencement of the present arroyo gulf If they had lain anywhere 
 on a slope, having higher land connected even in one direction, the washing 
 down of soil over them would have been a commonplace affair ; but the 
 conditions in this case are so different as to have required some great and 
 unusual turmoil of nature to produce them. And we must appeal to geology 
 for the explanation. 
 
 The contour of the land, and the general conditions of bed-rock at cer- 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 53 1 
 
 tain points, and transported deposits still in place hereabouts, besides the 
 evidences of ancient deposits again washed away and leaving cobblestone 
 walls of great height, all conspire to show that at the time our ancient 
 townsite was occupied, the lyinda Vista hills did not terminate with " Jumbo 
 Knob ' ' as they do now, but extended across the arroyo to Reservoir hill, 
 that being its eastern end, and no great arroyo gulf there at all. The Linda 
 Vista lands and the corresponding body of level land on the east side were 
 then continuous clear across and formed the bottom of a terrace lake, with our 
 stone-age village at its lower end ; and its overflow waters swept out over 
 and down the floodplain between the ridges of Orange Grove Avenue and 
 Marengo Avenue, or at an earlier period, beyond Marengo Avenue south- 
 eastward, the land being higher than now all across from reservoir 
 hill to Summit Avenue. At Devil's Gate there was another barrier ledge, 
 the Verdugo hills extending across probably as far east as Monks Hill, and 
 thus making another terrace lake in the Arroyo Seco and La Canyada above 
 this great natural dam. The line of bluffs or barrier ledge from Columbia 
 Hill eastward, taking in Grace Hill, Raymond Hill, Oak Knoll, etc., held 
 another terrace lake where the lower part of Pasadena city is now situated. 
 And the Lincoln Park Hills which now terminate with Gibraltar butte, where 
 the Santa Fe R. R. crosses the Arroyo, was then joined continuously with the 
 hills extending westward below Highland Park, thus making another great 
 lake where South Pasadena and Garvanza are now located.* This was 
 prior to or during the glacial epoch of geology, or the great ice age of 
 North America, which did not extend in its full rigor as far south as Pasa- 
 dena, but yet the climatic conditions produced by it in the Sierra Nevada 
 mountains and north and eastward therefrom did powerfully affect this 
 region ; and the four terrace lakes then existing within the bounds of Pasa- 
 denaland were destroj^ed by the violent meteorological disturbances connected 
 with the closing of the ice age. These disturbances were also especially 
 connected with the great lava flow which during that period covered the whole 
 northern part of Californiaf and large parts of Nevada, Oregon and Idaho 
 with the molten products of intense and long continued volcanic eruptions. 
 And now, it will be necessary to again quote some passages from our emi- 
 nent scientific authority, Prof. Wright, and bring our pre-Pasadenians into 
 nearer relation with contemporary events at points farther north. He is 
 both a far-traveled explorer and a learned scientist. His great work on 
 "The Ice Age of North America " was published in 1889. But in April, 
 
 *The South Pasadena plain and the GarvanzR plain were continuous clear across, being: the level 
 bittotuofthe lake; a"d the gfreit Arroyo gap, with its cobblestone walls or bluffs on each side, is a 
 valley of erosion, washed out since the lake waters found an outlet through the hills directly south. 
 
 f The extent of the outflows ofla'-a west of the Rockj' Mountains is almo'it beyond comprehension. 
 Literally, h<indrefis of thousai ds of square miles have been covered by Ihtm to a depth in many places 
 of thousands of feet "— ,1/aK and the Glaciol Peiiod. p. 321, International Scient'fic Series No. 69 i?92. 
 " In the Snake River Valley. Idaho, there are not far from twelve thousand square miles ot feiritirj' 
 covered with a continuous stratum of basaltic lava, extending nearly across the entire diameter of the 
 State from east to west.'' — Jb. p. 295. 
 
532 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1 89 1, he contributed to the Atlantic Monthly an able article on " Prehistoric 
 Man on the Pacific Coast ; ' ' and from this I quote the following pertinent 
 passages : 
 
 "The changes which have taken place since man became an inhabitant 
 upon the Pacific coast appear enormous" and "are referred for their origin 
 to the climatic conditions accompanying the great ice age of North America. " 
 * * "The ice age was one of great precipitation all over North America, 
 in which the rainfall and snowfall were far larger than at the present time, 
 and in which evaporation was far less tlian now." 
 
 "At last there came upon the inhabitants of that region, both man and 
 beast, the added disturbances of the vast volcanic eruptions which have 
 covered so much of the surface with indestructible basalt ; though we are 
 not compelled to suppose in California any great direct destruction of plants 
 and animals b)' these volcanic outbursts. The extinction of species was due 
 rather to the general disturbances of the conditions of life brought about by 
 this new element in the problem. ^ '■'- There can be no question that 
 these enormous eruptions of basalt are correlated with the equally surprising 
 facts connected with the glacial period, and, as we have seen, these two 
 periods were doubtless closely contemporaneous in California." 
 
 "The region from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast belongs to 
 the later geological eras, and has been subject to comparatively later eleva- 
 tion. The Rocky and Sierra Nevada mountains doubtless mark lines of 
 present weakness in the earth's crust. It is by elevations along such lines 
 of weakness that the gradually contracting sphere of the earth gets relief. 
 Now, during the glacial period an area in North America of about 4,000,000 
 square miles, extending northward from a line connecting New York and 
 St. Louis, was covered with ice to an average depth of probably three-quar- 
 ters of a mile, making, we may suppose, 3,000,000 cubic miles of ice. This 
 ice represents the excess of the snowfall above the melting power of the 
 sun over that region, and it was all first lifted up in vapor from the ocean. 
 To produce a glacial mass of such dimensions, water enough was taken from 
 the ocean to lower its level, the world over, one hundred feet. Thus we 
 have the ocean beds relieved from an enormous amount of pressure, and the 
 same amount concentrated upon the northern and central portions of the 
 continent. Thus we have a cause which would, by its local pressure alone, 
 lay open immense fissures along the lines of weakness west of the Rockj^ 
 Mountains, and force out of them the liquid streams of lava which have 
 produced such significant changes upon the Pacific coast." 
 
 It was in connection with the great climatic disturbances above described 
 by Prof. Wright that the sub-glacial floods poured down from Millard 
 canyon, and the upper Arroyo Seco, and the La Canyada valley, bursting 
 over or through the barrier ledges and previous deposits which held in 
 place the four terrace lakes before mentioned, within Pasadenaland. Of 
 course this did not all occurr at once, but the process went on both regularly 
 and spasmodically for centuries, before the Arroyo Seco was cut down to its 
 present condition, after some earthquake tremor had started a seam through 
 the foothills where the lower Arroyo now takes its course. This Arroyo 
 gorge from La Canyada down is in a geological sense comparatively recent, 
 and was probably not formed at all until long after our ancient towusite 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 533 
 
 had been buried under its covering of "glacial till" formation through 
 which the Pasadena colonists were digging down for their reservoir basin, 
 when they found this particular nest of stone relics. And that this Arroyo 
 channel might easily have .been started by an earthquake seam, is proved 
 by what really did happen in this region in 1857, an account of which I here 
 quote from the Thompson & West "History of L,os Angeles county" 
 [1880], page 53: 
 
 "At about half-past eight o'clock, on the morning of January 9, 1857, 
 occurred one of the most memorable earthquakes ever experienced in the 
 southern country. At lyos Angeles the vibration lasted about two minutes, 
 the motion being from north to south. The Los Angeles river leaped from 
 its bed, and washed over the adjacent land. A new bed was opened to the 
 San Gabriel river, which divided its waters, making two streams of what 
 was before but one. At San Fernando two buildings were thrown down, 
 and not far away a large stream flowed out from a mountain where hitherto 
 no water had been ; and a similar phenomenon was observed at Paredes, 
 thirty-five miles southeast of Los Angeles. In the vicinity of San Fernando 
 a large fissure opened in the side of a high mountain, from which hot gas 
 rushed forth, heating the neighboring rocks to such a degree that the hand 
 could scarcely touch them. But it was in the vicinity of Fort Tejon that 
 the full force of the shock exhausted itself. Here the ground opened for a 
 distance of from thirty to forty miles a chasm ten to twenty feet wide, ex- 
 tending from northwest to southeast, in an almost straight line ; then closed 
 again, leaving a ridge of pulverized earth several feet high, and in many 
 places quite impassable. Large trees were broken off like pipe-stems, and 
 cattle grazing upon the hill-sides rolled down the declivity in helpless fright. 
 Here the buildings were all injured to such an extent that officers and 
 soldiers were obliged to live in tents." 
 
 The stone-age people who dwelt on our Reservoir Hill were, in my 
 opinion, of as early date (possibly even earlier) as those whose remains were 
 found by Prof. Whitney far under the lava beds of Table Mountain, in 
 Calaveras county. Those Table Mountain proofs of man's existence in 
 California prior to the lava flow have been under critical discussion in the 
 scientific world for thirty years past, and their place in archaeology is now 
 pretty well settled. And from Prof. Wright's article in the Atlantic Monthly 
 [April, 1 891] I again quote, giving his statement as to the conditions of 
 vegetable and animal life which then existed : 
 
 ' ' Primeval man in California found shelter in forests very similar to 
 those which on the discovery of America by Columbus, covered the whole 
 eastern part of the continent. The elm, the birch, the willow, the poplar, 
 the sycamore, the gum tree, the magnolia and the maple spread for him 
 their protecting branches, while the beech tree, as well as the oak and the 
 fig, added its fruit to his limited stock of vegetable food." 
 
 " The llama, an ally of the camel, and now confined to South America, 
 was another companion of man in California at that time." [The rhinoceros, 
 several species of horse, cow, and deer, and the inevitable wolf were also 
 here.] "Whether the race of men whose remains are found under Table 
 Mountain [and at Pasadena] became extinct with the horse, rhinoceros and 
 
534 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 mammoth, or whether it migrated south with the llama, we may never 
 know." 
 
 How long ago did these things occur? 
 
 The same authorit}' above quoted, and which is the latest presentation 
 of facts and opinions commonly accepted in the scientific world with regard 
 to these matters, sets forth conclusions from which I quote a few brief pas- 
 «;ages bearing upon the time problem. On page 313 [" Man and the Glacial 
 Period ' '] the author says : 
 
 " It is certainly not more than ten or fifteen thousand years ago that 
 the ice finally melted off the Laurentian highlands ; while on the Pacific 
 coast the period of glaciation was still more recent." 
 
 Again, on page 363, he says : 
 
 " The climax of the Glacial period represented a condition of things 
 slowly attained by the changes of level which took place during the latter 
 part of the Tertiar)'- epoch. It is the theory of Mr. Prestwich and others 
 that all the phenomena of the Glacial period can be brought within the 
 limits of thirty or forty thousand 3'ears."* 
 
 And again, page 364: "One hundred thousand years, therefore, or 
 even less, might easily include both the slow coming on of the Glacial 
 period and its rapid close. -'' * After making all reasonable allowances, 
 therefore, Prestwich's conclusion that 25,000 years is ample time to allow 
 to the reign of the ice of the Glacial period cannot be regarded as by any 
 means incredible." 
 
 And yet again, on page 321, speaking of the volcanic eruptions, which 
 in the north and middle part of the state covered remains of man in the 
 glacial gravels of Table Mountain, he says : 
 
 "These volcanic eruptions are mostly of late date, beginning in the 
 middle of the Tertiary, and culminating probably about the time of the 
 maximum extent of the lyaurentide glacier." 
 
 Another eminent authority in this branch of Science is Prof. Warren 
 Upham, who read a paper before the Geological Society of America, in De- 
 cember, 1893 [See American Naturalist lor March, 1894, page 264], in which 
 he says : 
 
 "The Glacial period, regarded as continuous, without inter-glacial 
 epochs attending the culmination of the uplift, but terminating after the 
 subsidence of the glaciated region, 20,000 to 30,000 years ; and the post- 
 glacial or recent period, extending to the present time, 6,000 to 10,000 3'ears. 
 In total the Pleistocene era in North America, therefore, has comprised 
 probably about 100,000 or 150,000 years, its latest third or fourth part being 
 the Ice Age and subsequent time."t 
 
 * " AU the evideuce tends to prove that late Glacial, or post-glacial man. together with tlie extinct 
 mammalia, came down approximately to within some 10,000 or 12.000 j-ears of our owu times." — Pio/. Jos- 
 eph Pred7vich, F. R S , F.neland. See American Naluralis^t . February. 1894, p. 162. 
 
 " From this wide range of concurrent hut independent testimunies, we may accept it as practically 
 demonstrated that the ice sheets disappeared Irom North America and Europe some six to ten thousand 
 years ago." — Piof. Warren Upham, in Popular Science Monthly, December, 1893. p. 161. 
 
 t" It would belter accord with truth to =ay that sixty thousand years ago the Glacial period was 
 miking ready to go out of business." After making c rlain further explanations, he add- — "■ The close 
 of the Glacial period was only thirty thousand years agj." — R. \V. McFatland, in Popular Science 
 Monthly vf April, 1894, page 84/. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 535 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that by the latest and highest scientific au- 
 thority we are given a range of anywhere from ten thousand to one hundred 
 thousand years for the period of man's existence on the Pacific coast; and I 
 think our Pasadena "old settlers," who ground their food seeds in stone 
 metates on Reservoir Hill, were about as ancient as any whose remains have 
 5'et been found under conditions to well authenticate their remote antiquity. 
 And the great number of specimens found here, besides the much worn con- 
 dition of many of them, show that the place was occupied as a village for a 
 long period. Some Indians within the past fift}'- years have used metates 
 and mealing stones very similar to those found here, and this has been cited 
 as an* argument against me in regard to the great antiquity of these remains. 
 But this proves nothing; for I, myself, in October, 1894, saw a Spanish 
 woman in her own kitchen preparing food for her own family with a metate 
 and mealing stone just like some that I have gathered from Reservoir Hill, 
 It served the purpose alike in either case, to pulverize edible seeds, or bruise 
 edible roots and herbs ; but the Spanish woman cotil(^ have had other and 
 very difierent implements, while with the primitive woman, those rude, un- 
 fashioned stones were the only tools known in the world for doing such 
 work, in her lifetime. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STONE IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 Gathered from the Orange Grove Reservoir Hill, where they had been 
 buried four to five fieet deep by natural causes, on the highest point of ground 
 in the vicinity, with the land sloping from it in every direction. 
 
 A. K. McQuilling's collection : One small sized flat oblong metate. 
 [Pronounced me-tah-ty ; used as the bottom stone for making meal from 
 dried acorns and various small seeds.] Material, grayish syenite ; 9^ in. 
 long, 7 in. wide, 2^ in. thick. 
 
 One typical mealing stone, for rubbing or grinding acorns, etc., into 
 meal on a metate ; oblong-flat, artistically shaped, coarse bluish-pinkish 
 syenite — both flat sides well worn ; ^y^ in. long, 3^ in. wide, i^ in. thick. 
 
 One convexoid mealing stone, of fine grained bluish syenite ; both 
 sides worn; 3 in. in diam., i^ in. thick. 
 
 One oval-oblong rubbing stone, of bluish-pinkish syenite ; 4^ in. long; 
 two sides worn. 
 
 One oblong-triangular rubbing stone, two facets worn flat and one 
 rounded; material, bluish syenite; 5^ in. long. 
 
 One narrow oblong-roundish rubbing stone, of bluish-grayish syenite ; 
 two sides worn ; 4^ in. long. 
 
 One roller stone, of grayish syenite ; worn smooth all around; 5^ in. 
 long, 3 in. diam. [Used for mashing food substances by rolling over them 
 on a flat metate]. 
 
 One 14-toothed cog-wheel stone, of brownish granite ; sides flat ; cogs 
 uniform, and pretty well made, the creases or indentations being about 3-16 
 in. deep. The wheel is 3 in. in diam. and i in. thick.* 
 
 *I have a stone of same size, shape and material, but with 12 cogs instead of 14, which was found in 
 Puddingstone creek near San Dimas station on the Santa Fe railroad, 25 miles east of Pasadena. 
 — [H. A. Reid. 
 
536 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Another cog-wheel, of close-grained brown ferruginous grit rock ; same 
 size as the first, but having only 9 cogs, and they more irregular in size and 
 imperfectly made. A segment with four cogs is broken away. The creases 
 are small and shallow, and some of them run aslant. A rude, unskilled 
 effort at wheel making. [The purpose of these peculiar wheels is not well 
 established. They have been called by different names, as sun wheel, rose 
 wheel, cog wheel, corrugated disc, radiate stone, gaming stone, etc. My 
 own theory is this : The sun was the deit)^ or day-god to all primitive 
 tribes of mankind, and these radiate stones were a rude attempt to make an 
 emblem or symbol of the sun. And after this they would readily fall into 
 use for gaming purposes or " lucky stones " or " charms," and come to be 
 greatly prized.] 
 
 Mr. McQuilling had also found there two irregular small fragments of 
 unworked impure flint, but no flint chips, or arrowheads, or anything to in- 
 dicate any use made of flint by these people. Besides this, he found about 
 a half-ounce fragment of yellow ochre. 
 
 Ivist of specimens found by J. W. Sedwick, city engineer, while re-ex- 
 cavating, embanking and cementing work was in progress there in 1891-92 : 
 
 One flattened aqd two ovoid hand-stones for grinding on a metate. 
 Material, syenite. 
 
 One double-surface rounded-sides mealing stone, of gray syenite ; 4^ 
 in. long, 2^ in. wide, and 7^ in. circumference. Weight about i}( lbs., 
 and much worn. 
 
 One ovo-oblong rubbing stone, of white feldspar, smooth polished ; 3^ 
 in. long, 5S/8 inches around midway, and g}i in. around lengthwise. 
 
 One spheroidal rubbing stone of bluish syenite, about one pound 
 weight, and varying from Syi to g}^ in. in circumference. Artificial wear 
 only in one place. This was a naturally rounded pebble or small cobble- 
 stone which they had utilized. 
 
 Found by Master Clifford Wood (1892), a neatly-shaped, small, semi- 
 oval, shallow-dished metate, of grayish syenite; 5^ in. diam. at bilge, 3^^ 
 in. diam. of dish rim, and 3)^ in. thick from bottom of dish to base of the 
 stone. This was probably used to grind ochre for face paint. 
 
 T/ie Throop Museum Collection. 
 
 (Authenticated specimens procured by Dr. Reid specially for permanent deposit in the Throop Museum.) 
 
 One discoidal stone of coarse-grained syenite; 5)4 in. diam., 23^ in. 
 thick. The form is well wrought out, although no part of the disk is worn 
 or polished — hence it was not used for a rubbing stone or a grinder. Its 
 most probable use was for some kind of game or pastime by rolling it on the 
 ground. This specimen was found in 1874, and donated by Col. Jabez Ban- 
 bury., 
 
 One six-toothed cog-wheel or sun-stone (?) of fine-grained greenish 
 porphyritic clinkstone; 4 in. diam., i)^ in. thick. Indentations 1I4 in. 
 across outer opening, and y(y in. deep. Found by Wm. Davy while repair- 
 ing a leak in the reservoir in 1888, and donated. [For further account of 
 this class of wheels, see under " McQuilling collection," above.] 
 
 One large shallow-dished metate, of coarse-grained gray syenite — a 
 fine specimen ; 21 in. long, 14 in. wide, 36 in. girth, 49 in. around length- 
 wise, and 50 or 60 pounds weight. Found and donated by John Showalter. 
 [This specimen was plowed up several rods down the eastern slope of Reser- 
 voir Hill, two feet below the surface, while grading Vernon Avenue near 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 537 
 
 Mary street in January, 1894 ; and after due consideration of all the facts 
 pertaining to it, I do not hesitate to place it as belonging with those of the 
 hill top. But many other specimens of stone implements have been plowed 
 or dug up in various parts of Pasadena which are of recent or doubtful date, 
 and I have not included any such in this list of prehii^toric palseoliths.] 
 
 One ovo-oblong metate of gray syenite, 16 in. long, 10 in. wide, 5 in. 
 thick, with dish part worn 3^^ in. deep. Found and donated by Thomas 
 Banbury. 
 
 One heavy-weight ovoid slung-shot, of porphyritic syenite — 6}{ in. 
 long, 3^ in. wide, 2>/4 in. thick; 12^ in. around the bilge. Found and 
 donated by Thos. Banbury. 
 
 One fine-grained, flat metate, gx 12 in. area, and 3 in. thick. Found 
 and donated by Dr. H. A. Reid. 
 
 One nearly triangular shaped, deep-dished metate, of coarse-grained, 
 grayish syenite, medium size, and dish worn down to 3 in. depth at center. 
 Found and donated by Thomas H. Wardlaw. 
 
 One well shaped, double-flat-surfaced, oval mealing stone — coarse- 
 grained and well worn. Found and donated by Dr. Rachel F. Reid. 
 
 Fragment of child's metate, and two imperfectly ovoid, coarse-grained, 
 heavy club-loaders or slung-skot stones. These, for use, were hung in a 
 band of some tough sort of animal skin or vegetable fibre,* then drawn 
 snug against the butt end of a club, the end parts of the band being laid 
 along lengthwise on each side of the club or handle, and wrapped there 
 with strong fibres. The ends of the stone would protrude beyond the edges 
 of its bilge-band ; and being securely fastened to the handle, it made a 
 powerful weapon with which to break the skull of man or beast at close 
 quarters.! Found and donated by Mrs. Reid. [These reservoir-hill people 
 were so primitive that they had not yet learned to use bow and arrows, 
 spears or lances, for no flint or other stone heads for such weapons have 
 been found among their remains. A few have been found in other parts of 
 Pasadenaland, but they were on or near the surface, and of recent age.] 
 
 Two worn fragments of grit stone or schist, used as a scouring stone for 
 smoothing club handles or any implements of wood ; for this it served equal 
 to both rasp and sand-paper. Found and donated by Dr. Reid. 
 
 One well worn, coarse-grained metate, of bluish syenite, 15 in. long, 10 
 in. wide, 3 in. thick, with dish worn 2j/( in. deep. Found by W. T. Clapp 
 while grading for the reservoir, in February, 1874, and now, after twenty 
 years, donated by him for this Throop collection. 
 
 One double-flat-faced ovo-oblong mealing stone, 4 in. long, 3^ in. 
 wide — of bluish syenite. Found by Chas. H. Cole and donated. 
 
 One face-paint dish, nearly round, 5)^ in. in diameter, 2 in. thick, 
 dished ^4 in. deep. Found by C. H. Cole while assisting City Engineer 
 Sedwick during the re- excavation and cementing of east half of the reser- 
 
 *A shrubby plant called Indian hemp, or wild hemp [the Apocynum rana bin um of hotuny], fur- 
 nished from its bark strips of strong, tough, thong-like fibres or cords suitable for this and many other 
 uses. It is found growing hereabouts yet. 
 
 t Some modern savage tribes still use the club-loader or slung-shot weapon, some of them being 
 skilled enough to make a crease around the middle of the stone for convenience of attachment, but our 
 Pasad^nian " ancients " had not reached that degree of skill yet. Of this class of weapons, the Stand- 
 ard Dictionary says : " Pogamoggan — A war club consisting essentially of a stone secured to the end of 
 an elastic wooden handle, ordinarily strengthened by a covering of twisted rawhide; a casse-tete ; a 
 skull-cracker ; used by the Indians of the Plains." 
 
538 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 voir in 1891-92, and donated by him. This specimen is of rare interest, 
 being made from a reddish volcanic rock [volcanic tufa] such as I have not 
 seen in sihi anywhere nearer than the bed of the creek below Puddingstone 
 Falls, near San Dimas station on the Santa Fe railroad, 25 miles east of 
 Pasadena. But this kind of rock is said to be found up the San Gabriel 
 canyon. 
 
 One small ovoid paint pulverizer, 2 in. long, i^ in. wide, \yk in. thick — 
 nearly the size and shape of a hen's ^Z^. It is of white feldspar, with 
 appearance of being indelibly tinted with yellow and red ochres, for the 
 grinding of w^iich it had been used — mayhap in the very dish found by 
 Mr. Cole — to mix face paint. This interesting ovoid was found and donated 
 by Dr. Reid. 
 
 One turtle-shaped mealing stone, worn nearly flat on its grinding face, 
 but with a neat turtle-back upper surface, little worn. It is of bluish 
 syenite, 4)4 in. long, 3^ in. wide, i^/^ in. thick. Found and donated by 
 Dr. Reid. 
 
 Fragment of unshaped, unworked white flint, i^ in. long, % in. 
 wide, ^8 in. thick. Some of its fracture edges may have been used as a rude 
 sort of knife, or scarifier. Found by Dr. Reid. [Not true flint.] 
 
 The foregoing lists are sufficient to show the type and character of these 
 relics. Their great antiquity has been questioned, because implements that 
 " look just like them " are found in many places in California, and are even 
 in use by some Indian tribes yet. To this I answer broadly : No stone-age 
 village site has been found elsewhere, buried under conditions which could 
 only be explained by — 
 
 I St. A consideration of the general facts known as to primitive man's 
 existence on the Pacific coast prior to and during the glacial epoch of 
 geology. 
 
 2d. A consideration of the topography and natural conditions of the 
 place where these typical relics were first found, excluded from any admixture 
 of specimens of later date. 
 
 3d. A consideration of the changes of ancient land and water areas, 
 drainage, etc., traceable in this vicinity, which would account for these relics 
 being buried on top of the highest point of land, as found. 
 
 4th. A consideration of the geological and meteorological transitions or 
 changes of climate [and of the fauna and flora of the region] connected with 
 the glacial epoch, which would naturally produce the local changes of land 
 and water areas referred to. 
 
 My conclusions as to the geological period of Pasadena's ancient tow^n- 
 site on Reservoir Hill are based upon a careful study of the above four 
 fundamental considerations, and their natural correlation with each other. 
 The following portions of a letter from Prof. C. F. Holder, dated July 11, 
 1894, present some points of interest and historic value. He says : 
 
 " I have located a number of camp sites, from South Pasadena all along 
 up the Arroyo. There was a site at Johnson's ranch ; one at Mr. Nelms's 
 or below Locke's; another where the shooting club meets; one at the 
 reservoir ; one at Linda Vista ; again, at the springs nearly opposite ; 
 again, at the mouth of the Arroyo Seco ; and a very large camp at Giddiugs's 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 539 
 
 ranch ; another was just east of the Raymond ; another a mile to the east. 
 At all these places except one I found specimens, and at all of them the 
 mortars [metates] were from one to three or four feet down. [?] When they 
 went on a journey these people buried their stone utensils ; others were 
 buried with their dead. It had not occurred to me that the reservoir site 
 was different from the others. My finds there, as I remember them, 
 resembled other finds ; and my idea was, that while they might be many 
 hundred years old, they were probably in use during the last one hundred 
 and fifty or two hundred years. The granite out of which many of them 
 were made disintegrates very rapidly. One found at Linda Vista fell in 
 pieces when I picked it up. I am glad some scientist is investigating these 
 things and collecting them, as they are passing away." 
 
 In regard to the Indian village sites, their burial customs, etc., see 
 chapter I. For further particulars about glacier action within Pasadena- 
 land, see parts of chapters 29 and 30. About Indian graves, and how their 
 stone implements happen to be buried, see page 31, 32. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Geology. — What Geological Age? — Kinds of Rocks. — How these Mountains were 
 made. — The Gold Vein. — Other Mineral Formations. — The Oil Question. — Glacier 
 work in Pasadenaland. — Glacial enamelings at Devil's Gate. — " Glacial till." — 
 Terminal moraines. — Lateral moraines. — Boulder clay. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 Prof. J. D. Whitney was State Geologist of California from i860 to 1870; 
 and in Geol. of Cal., Vol. i, preface, he states that up to June 30, 1866, the 
 legislature had appropriated a total of $95,600 for his work. But the work 
 had to be finally abandoned, less than half done, for want of funds. And 
 of what was done. South California received only a few pitiful crumbs that 
 fell from the north section's table.* And of the.se crumbs Pasadenaland got 
 her little share ; for Mrs. Shorb remembers that Prof. Whitney's party had 
 their camp a few weeks early in 1861, only a few rods east from where Hon. 
 J. DeBarth Shorb's fine residence, "San Marino," now stands, at the south 
 end of Shorb Avenue. I have gleaned from Prof. Whitney's published re- 
 port a few points which almost touch Pasadena. He says : 
 
 " The principal group of mountains included in the portion of the coast 
 ranges now under consideration are, the Sierra Santa Monica, the San Gab- 
 riel, the Temescal, and the Santa Ana ranges. These will be taken up in 
 this order, and the result of our very hasty examinations in this region 
 given.'''' 
 
 *" Scientifically considered Southern California is almost a terra incognita. Of the geological for- 
 mation of our part of the Slate we know but little. There has been but little done towards classifying 
 the rucks of onr hills and mountains, or analyzing the soil 01 our valleys. Its miueralogr>', too. has been 
 neglected although gold was discovered and succes fully mined in the canyons of the Sierra Madres 
 forty years before Marshall found nuggets in the mill-race at Coloma." — Inaugural address 0/ president oj 
 Sou. Cal. Historical Society ,iZi^. 
 
540 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 It will be noticed that lie ignored the old established name " Sierra 
 Madre," and called our local range the San Gabriel Mountains, of which he 
 says further : 
 
 " The San Gabriel range, as we denominate it, is a vast mass of moun- 
 tains extending from theCajon pass on the east, and joining with the Santa 
 Monica and Santa Susanna ranges on the west. It is fully 60 miles long, 
 and from 20 to 25 miles broad from north to south. * * San Gabriel is 
 the designation of the principal canyon by which the chain is traversed, 
 and of the only stream of any size which heads in it." 
 
 He gives some account of the range east of the San Gabriel river, but 
 nothing west of it, except to mention incidentally that a little gold washing 
 was carried on near the entrance of Santa Anita canyon or its outwash into 
 the San Gabriel river. Further on he says again : 
 
 " In the vicinity of Los Angeles the rocks exposed are chiefly argilla- 
 ceous, slialy sandstones, with dark colored shales interstratified ; these 
 rocks arc highly bituminous, and have generally a southerly dip. In the 
 Arroyo Seco, which comes into the Los Angeles river from the northeast, 
 these strata are well displayed." 
 
 The above extracts show the nearest nips of geological investigation 
 which Pasadena and her contiguous mountains have ever received from any 
 official source, so far as I have been able to learn. But in 1883, b}^ the 
 kindness of Prof. Lowe, I was enabled to spend nearly three months in the 
 Mount Lowe section of our local mountains ; and two years before this I 
 had spent six weeks in the Mount Wilson section and in traversing the 
 West San Gabriel and the Arroyo Seco canyons. From data gathered in 
 these and other previous researches in Pasadenaland, I prepared a Geologi- 
 cal Report, and read it before the Science Association of Southern California 
 in Los Angeles, at its meeting in January, 1894; and from that report I here 
 make some extracts : 
 
 WHAT GEOLOGICAL AGE. 
 
 " Our accredited authorities all agree that the Pacific coast mountains 
 of California belong to the Tertiary Age, which means that in a geological 
 sense they are of comparatively recent origin. The Tertiary Age was the 
 first period in geological time, when the earth had become fitted to sustain 
 such higher types of both vegetable and animal kind as hold place today. 
 In the Zoic calendar of creation it is known also as the "Age of Mammals," 
 evolved out of the "Age of Reptiles" next below, and in turn evolving the 
 "Age of Man " next above, or the geological age in which we are now liv- 
 ing, and in our turn evolving the "Age of Angels" or spiritual beings. 
 [See chart, page 541.]* 
 
 *This full page plate is from the Review of Science, Vol. V., No. 3, iSfii ; Kansas City, Mo. There 
 were three other.s, the " Mosaic Calendar," the "Psychic Calendar," and the "Synoptic Calendar of 
 Creation," .showing the step.s and stages of creatioual progress on four different lines of inquiry, under 
 the law of evolution— all prepared by Dr. Keid to illustrate topical addresses before the State ."Academy 
 of .Sciences at Des Moines, Iowa, and public lectures thereafter at various places in Iowa, Minnesota, 
 Nebraska and Missouri. . 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 
 
 541 
 
 GSOI<OGICAI< CHAR.X; 
 
 Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled 
 from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Hieokel, Dana, LcConte, and other first rank authorities is 
 Science at the present time. ByH. A. Reid, a.m.,m-d, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Dos Moinet, 
 Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.] 
 
 Explanation. — The side liue 
 at riie left shows what portions of 
 treoiogical time are comprehended 
 fn the terms "eozoic," "paleo- 
 zoic," etc. The first column 
 shows the periods or "Ages" of 
 geological time during which the 
 different successive types of ani- 
 mal life predominated, or were the 
 highest types then in existence. 
 And these two divisions form the 
 "Zoic Calendar of Creation." 
 
 The secona column shows the 
 great general groupings of rock 
 strata,in which are foundthe fossil 
 remains of the corresponding ani- 
 mal types named in tho first col- 
 umn. But, at the "Age of Rep- 
 tiles" occurs a grand divergement, 
 for it was during this age that an- 
 imal life pushed out into its most 
 wonderful developments; and 
 there came into existence strange 
 and marvelous forms of swimming 
 reptiles, four-footed and two-foot- 
 ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- 
 ed and four-footed flying reptiles. 
 Here also the true birds began to 
 appear, though with reptilian pe- 
 culiarities; and likewise the mar- 
 supial animals, which are a tran- 
 sitional type, between reptiles 
 th^t produce their young by laying 
 eggs and the true mammals, that 
 bring forth their young well ma- 
 tured and then suckle them. 
 
 The third column shows the les- 
 ser groupings of rock beds as clas- 
 sified by our American geologists ; 
 but many minor subdivisions and 
 local groups are omitted tor want 
 of space. At the top of this col- 
 umn are shown the geological pe- 
 riods of first appearjnce ol races 
 of man, so far as now auihentica- 
 ted by competent scientific au- 
 thorities.* 
 
 The fourth column shows the 
 number of feet in thickness of the 
 different groups of rock layers as 
 indicated by the braces. 
 
 This Chart is the most compre- 
 hensive and thorough in its de- 
 tails, and yet the most systemati- 
 cally and graphically presented to 
 the eye, of anything in its line 
 that has ever yet been published. 
 Here is the whole story of geol- 
 ogy and the ascent of life con- 
 densed into the space of a few 
 inches, yet so plainly set forth as 
 to readily fix itself in the memory 
 like an outline map. Scientific 
 terras in sewspapers and maga- 
 sines often catch the reader at a 
 disadvantage; but a reference lo 
 this chart will at once show the 
 relative place or period in crea- 
 tional progress to which the best 
 authorized geological terms apply. 
 It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, 
 from the lowest inklings to the 
 highest ideals of life on the earth, 
 as taught by modern science and 
 Ihe Christian Bible. 
 
 THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD. 
 
 AGE OF ANGELS. 
 
 See Psalms 8:5 Luke 20:36 
 Mark 12:25 1 Cor. 15:44 
 Heb.2:'2to9 Rev.22:8,9 
 
 M AN 
 
 AGE OF 
 MAMMALS 
 
 AGE OF 
 
 Reptiles. 
 
 Recent. 
 
 Quaternary. 
 
 TERTIARY. 
 
 Rude Agricul- 
 ture. 
 
 Terrace Epoch. 
 
 Champhiin Epoch. 
 
 GLACIAL EPOCH. 
 
 Feet In 
 thickness 
 of the 
 geological 
 groups of 
 rock form- 
 ations. 
 
 500 
 
 Plicf^ene. 
 
 Miocene. 
 
 Eoceue, 
 
 Cretaceous. [ 
 
 JURASSIC. 
 
 (,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 000 
 
 TRIASSIC. 
 
 t 80O 
 
 (.3,000 to 
 j 5,000 
 
 Age of 
 Amphibians, 
 
 Age of 
 FISHES 
 
 AGE 
 
 OF 
 
 INVERTEBRATES 
 
 Carboniferous 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Upper Silurian. 
 
 Lower Siimafl. 
 
 Coal 
 
 16,000 to 
 
 Measures. 1 i^^to 
 
 Sub-Carboniferous, i 
 
 Citskill. 1 
 
 Chemung. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 AGE OF ZOOLITHS 
 
 Th]3 A^e alone was 
 )ably longer In dura- 
 tion than all eubsequent 
 Keological lime." — Pbof. 
 LeCONTE. 
 
 Primordial Vegetation 
 
 Graphite Beds, 
 
 Metamorphic Granitei. 
 
 AZO/C AGE 
 
 f 350,0(1(1,11110 Tears tn cooling 
 down to 200"' F. at the sur- 
 face [Prop. Hslmhoi.tzI, * 
 . temperature at which Tery 
 I low forms of vecetatloo can 
 
 9,050 to 
 H400 
 
 1.6,000 »o 
 10,000 
 
 .I2,000to 
 15,000 
 
 llO,OOOto 
 20,000 
 
 aaooo 
 
 Cottntl- 
 
 Dtptk 
 OBknowm. 
 
 i •" The exigence of Pliocene man in Tjscanv ii. inen, (o :nv opi.Tcm. in aoidirifrt icient.ric f.ict.'' — Se.? Appletooi' InterBsUonsl ScientiB* 
 Series, Vol. X.XVH, p. 161. •' The Miocane man •f La Beauco alreaily knew the om of Kre, and workM flmt. " — lb. p. 243. See »lso. Prof 
 Winchell's "Pie-A(lac.;t<?,** pp. 42(>-7-J5. ** Tbe hiiman ra(^e m Amefios .a iQOwn to be at iea^t of as ancient a date a* taat of woe £iirop«aff 
 Plioeent.'— Prof J. l> Whitney. Similir rtovi art teld by IVifs. Leidv, .Vlarsii, Cop*, UorM. Wymaii, aud ottter scteptl.ts of b.g^eit reputo^ 
 
542 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The matter of geological age is determined by the fossils found in these 
 coast mountains, as compared with those of other mountains or plains that 
 belong to lower or earlier geological ages. Official observers have reported 
 such finds in kindred mountain sections both westward and eastward ; and 
 I have myself gathered specimens from Shell Rock creek, near Goleta in 
 Santa Barbara county. Arthur B. Stevens of Pasadena, has gathered fossil 
 shells from his father's plow-land at Chatsworth Park, twenty-five or thirty 
 miles northwest from Pasadena. Prof. McClatchie of Throop Polytechnic 
 Institute has found fossil shells in the Puente hills ; and Hon. Delos Arnold 
 of Pasadena, during the winter of 1 880-81, first discovered fossil fish in the 
 chalklike hills about four miles south of the city. He has also gathered 
 fossil shells of over two hundred extinct species of mollusks from the rocks 
 of Deadman's Island and other points about San Pedro Bay, while there 
 are not to exceed seventy-five species now living in the same vicinity.* 
 Some of the species that are found here in the fossil state only, are found 
 still living in the iceberg waters of Alaska, amid the rigors of a lingering 
 glacial period. And this fact suggests a time when the climate of Los 
 Angeles county was perhaps as frosty and frigid as that of Alaska is now. 
 Such are the far-reaching lessons of geology." 
 
 Although no fossils have yet been found, distinctly within Pasadena- 
 land, the reader will, nevertheless, wish to know what remains of extinct 
 animals have been found in other sections, of same species as roamed here 
 during the same geological periods. [See Prof. Holder's "Ancient Animals," 
 etc., Chapter 31.] In the annual address of the President of the Los Angeles 
 County Historical Society, 1888-89, he says : 
 
 "We have verified and recorded the discovery of a tusk of large pro- 
 portions, the fragment found being six feet long and six inches in diameter, 
 in a well at a depth of thirty feet, some twenty miles east of this cit}^ ; also 
 of the skeleton of a whale on the summit of the Santa Monica mountains." 
 
 The Lewis "History Los Angeles County," 1889, says : " Inasphaltum 
 or tar springs west of Los Angeles [nine miles] a tooth of the saber-toothed 
 tiger was found." And remains of the mastodon have been found at 
 Tejunga, Los Angeles, Puente, and San Juan- by-the-Sea, at depths varying 
 from five to twenty feet below the surface of the ground. 
 
 In Prof. Whitney's "Geology of California : Vol. I," there are many 
 instances given of remains of extinct animals being found which existed in 
 California at the same time with the primitive Man, whose remains were 
 found and amply verified, under the great lava capping of Table Mountain. 
 I hold that the primitive race of Man whose stone implements were found 
 
 *When Prof. E T. Pierce, who served five years as principal of the schools of Pasadena, was princi- 
 pal of the Slate Normal School at Chiro. the Chico Daily F.ntet prise of Nov. 21, iSgi, contained this item : 
 ■'This morning Principal Pierce received the followiniJ: letter from Senator Delos Arnold of Pasadena : 
 ' I have this day shipped to your institution two boxes of specimens. One box conta ning about eiehty 
 species and vari'-ties of Quaternary fossils (Post pliocenei. from San Pedro. Tliey have all been idrn- 
 tifi-d. and I believe are nearly correct in their names. I thought this collection of recent fossils. st;irt- 
 ing as it does, at the top of the great and wonderful geological column, twenty miles or more in hei.ght, 
 would stimulate the inquirer 10 dig d )wn towards its base, quite as much as one starting from the base 
 and necessitating woi k'lig up.' " Abunt Nov. 10 the same year Mr. Arnold prcsciiltd tlie I'lnonp Poly- 
 technic Institute with 150 varieties of quaternnrv and pliocene fossils found in I.os Aiigrles couiitv. And 
 this was a duplicate of a similar collection which he had sent to the National Museum [Smithsonian 
 Institute] at Washington. [See "Conchology Collection," page 212.] 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 543 
 
 imbedded at Reservoir Hill, Pasadena, in February, 1874, was cotemporary 
 in geological age with the " Man" of Table Mountain, and hence had the 
 same animals as co-occupants of the land ; and therefore I give here some 
 of Prof. Whitney's instances, as pertinent to this Historj' : 
 
 Page 102 : Bones of mastodon and horse found in post-pliocene beds 
 (gravel and boulders of gray sandstone) near Benicia on the Bay of San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Page 232 : Bones of mastodon and elephant found in Tertiary and post- 
 Tertiary beds in Tuolumne county. At Gold Springs in that county, bones 
 of mastodon, elephant and horse found in great abundance. 
 
 Page 251 : Under lava flow in same county, bones of rhinoceros, an 
 extinct species of hippopotamus,, extinct species of horse, extinct species of 
 camel resembling Megalomeryx (L,eidy), and remains of Man were found. 
 
 Page 252 : Again in same county (post-pliocene beds) along with mas- 
 todon, etc., were found bones of tapir and bison, and two species of horse — 
 one of these being identical with the living mustang or Indian pony. 
 Remains of mastodon and elephant constantly spoken of as being very 
 abundant ; and rude stone implements of Man found in same formations. 
 
 KINDS OF ROCKS. 
 
 The rocks of these Pasadena mountains present nearly every variety of 
 the granitic series ; but no mass or stratum of any of the limestones, sand- 
 stones, shales, or carboniferous formation. In Rubio canyon there is a bed 
 of peculiar silverglint rock which has the soap-like feel of steatite, and I 
 have classed it as micaceous talc — a hydro-mica-schist formation. The 
 layers of different kinds of granitic rocks are somewhat defined, and some 
 approach to systemic stratification can be traced. I have identified massive 
 bodies of porphyry, apparently consisting of a mass mixture of feldspar, 
 hornblende, and augite or pyroxene, with disseminated crystals of white feld- 
 spar, and called by miners simply " black spar." Of this structure is the 
 dark greenish rock wall on the east side of Ruhio canyon, where the 
 Pavilion platform rests on the abrupt mountain slope. Farther up this 
 canyon there are laj^ers of micaceous granite, quite friable, and steadih^ de- 
 composing. Then a layer of syenite, which merges into a stratum of gneiss 
 at the Hanging Cliffs. And beyond that again are lofty, towering masses 
 comprising thousands of feet of syenite in various degrees of hardness, of 
 texture, and of color — this being that form of granite which is composed of 
 quartz and feldspar, combined with hornblende instead of mica : and these 
 rocks are often interjected with seams, dykes or veins of quartz, or quartz 
 and feldspar in fused or metamorphic combination. Above this again lies a 
 bed some hundreds of feet in thickness, of a brown, ferruginous gneissic 
 rock, with marked schistose peculiarities, (also called quartzite) and coming 
 the nearest to a real sandstone of any massive body of rock that I found ; 
 but it seems to be both brecciable and solutive, and its mass readily decom- 
 poses or fractuates on exposure to air and moisture ; hence it is of no value 
 
544 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 as a building stone. This brown sandstone layer is seen plainly imbedded 
 around the walls of Echo ampitheater, next below the layer of white feld- 
 spar mottled syenite rocks which form the north rim or crest at summit of 
 the ampitheater. And this marked contrast between the white syenite 
 rocks and the brown gneissic layer is traceable all through these mountains. 
 There are on Mount Wilson and Mount Lowe, and some other points, a lim- 
 itless supply of beautiful, fine-grained, bluish syenite — a kind of granite 
 most excellent for building stone, alike as to pressure resistance, weather 
 resistance, good working quality, and susceptibility of a fine polish. 
 
 On Mount Lowe, and on the south-easterly facings of Mount Mark- 
 ham and San Gabriel Peak there are inexhaustible beds of decomposed feld- 
 spar or kaolin, from which the common table dishes or China ware of com- 
 merce are manufactured : but all the specimens that I found showed such 
 admixture of iron oxide or other impurities as to vitiate their commercial 
 value. Some beds of a purer quality may possibly be discovered yet. 
 
 HOW THESE MOUNTAINS WERE MADE. 
 
 Some mountains are made by volcanic upheaval and outpour ; some by 
 anticlinal or roof-like uplift of their whole series of stratified rocks ; some 
 by a great cataclysmal fracture and "fault," whereby the rocks on one side 
 of the fracture are tilted up, and the other side depressed or pushed under, 
 but the stratifications remaining more less intact ; and some are formed by 
 the crushing and mashing together of the rocks, which results from con- 
 traction of the earth's crust in its steady process of cooling. Our Pasadena 
 mountains partake of the last two methods. The mashing' and crushing 
 process, or its results, are speciall}^ illustrated at several points ; but per- 
 haps more plain to be seen in Granite Cut, on the Great Incline Cable Rail- 
 road up Echo Mountain, than elsewhere. I examined this point particularly 
 on August 5, 1893; and from field notes made at the time I quote this 
 memorandum : 
 
 " Found some ferro-micaceous sand rock and gneiss, frequently inter- 
 jected with dykes, seams, or pockets of pellucid quartz, white and pinkish 
 feldspar, and laminated mica ; also seams of metamorpbic trap rock : and 
 numerous fractures infiltrated with breccia and sand wash from above. 
 Much of the formation is gneiss or gneissoid .schist, pas.sing into pulveru- 
 lent sand rock — the nearly completed disintegration of what miners and 
 water-tunnelers call "rotten granite." And there are gneiss laminations, 
 micaceous seams, and porphyritic dykes lying at all degrees of inclination 
 and all angles of intersection. The rock colors here are gray, brown, drab, 
 streaked, speckled, green, white, pinkish, tawney, slate, yellow. The.se 
 colors appear mostly in separate bodies, or in distinct seams, veins, or dykes; 
 but sometimes they all appear in a confused mass within a few square yards 
 of space. 
 
 This mixed medley of formations is characteristic of the compres.sion 
 or crushing process of mountain making. And the same process or method 
 is further illustrated and proven by the fact that the layers of different 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 545 
 
 kinds of rock all through these mountains are not solid, but all checked and 
 cracked and seamed and fractured at every possible angle, and in every size 
 of blocks, from the fine breccia to the gigantic boulder. This condition, 
 existing as it does here deep in the rock beds, is due in part also to rapid 
 cooling after uplift, and to earthquake vibrations in connection with the 
 enormous compression. And this cracked or seamed condition explains in 
 part why these mountains form such a wonderful absorbent and store-house 
 for the water of the winter rains and snows, holding it like a mighty 
 sponge, and giving it out gradually during the dry season, b}^ percolation 
 down to the springs, ooze places and tunnels in the innumerable canyons of 
 the range, or the lands below. It is furthermore the reason why large 
 storage dams cannot be used successfully here, as the water will seep away 
 through the cracks and crevices and fine seams in the rocks — and no large 
 artificial water storage can be relied on unless the bottom and sides of dam 
 or reservoir are solidly cemented. 
 
 The fracture and " fault " process of contiguous uplift and depression is 
 illustrated by the fact that all along the south face of these mountains the 
 layers of rock present a broken-off edge, and have a dip to the north, vary- 
 ing from 25 degrees of inclination up to a complete perpendicular. On the 
 other hand, the Pasadena geological basin is, in my opinion, depressed 
 toward the mountains, but having a south rim or lip along the line of the 
 South Pasadena bluff, the Raymond hill, Oak Knoll, Col. Mayberry's bluff, 
 the bluff north of the old B. D. Wilson ranch house, etc. From these and 
 many other correlated facts, I conclude that the line of peripheral shrink- 
 age-pressure was from the ocean side, with a line of resistance on the north 
 caused by the previous uplift of the Sierra Nevada mountains, and of the 
 great plateaus' which now form the Mohave desert at an altitude higher 
 than our Pasadena mountain tops. These older elevations had become a 
 rigid continental mass, immovable, and the cretaceous or pretertiary ocean 
 washed their foot-hills and beachy slopes. But the great round earth's peri- 
 pheral shrinkage from cooling continued to produce outer wrinkles analogous 
 to what we observe in a shriveling apple, and the California coast range be- 
 gan to bulge up out of the water by sheer necessity of crush-force displace- 
 ment, till at last there was a mighty break, a crash, a slip, whereby Mount 
 Wilson, Echo Mountain, and the rest, reared their heads up backward 
 toward the north, with a fracture face looking south, while the layers of 
 rock south of the line of fracture went under, making a depression or basin 
 more than a thousand feet deep — yet with another fracture line and lesser 
 uplift at Raymond Hill and its east and west range of co-ordinate bluffs. 
 This great geological gulf extended from the Arroyo Seco eastward in- 
 definitely ; but the Pasadena portion of it probably had an eastern barrier 
 reef or ridge on the east side of the present out wash of Eaton canyon, and 
 the basin has been entirely filled up with boulders, breccia, sand, gravel, 
 soil and vegetable debris from the mountains — of course, filling highest 
 near the foot of the mountains. And I think there was a lateral moraine 
 or crowded up wall of boulders on the line of the Marengo Avenue ridge, 
 from about where the Santa Fe railroad crosses it, down in almost a straight 
 line southward to the adobe flat where the Raymond station is located. And 
 a similar moraine in part formed the Orange Grove Avenue ridge. None of 
 this work was done suddenly, except in spots ; it was rather the slow, steady 
 process of unreckoned ages of time — for the pendulum of the geological 
 
 35 
 
546 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 clock beats centuries for seconds — and the uplift may not have averaged 
 more than one inch in a hundred years. The good book says, "With God 
 a thousand years are as one day ;" and here we discern the polytechnics of 
 his world-making work.* 
 
 Earthquakes, and especially the California "tremblers," have an im- 
 portant place in the geological mechanism by which the Pasadena moun- 
 tains were made. I presume all of you have at some time in your life heard 
 the cracking sound of timbers or boards in a framed house when they were 
 in process of contracting by cold during a frosty night. Or you have heard 
 the snapping and cracking sound of a stove or stovepipe when cooling off. 
 Well, that was a little earthquake — a phenomenon on a small scale precisely 
 similar in principle to the earth tremblings which occur in Califoroia occa- 
 sionalh" and are overdignified by the terrifying name of earthquake. The 
 contractile pressure of the earth's crust in its cooling process has somewhere 
 caused a crack, a fracture — and the earthquake is simply the jar produced 
 • by that tension click of the earth's rocky encasement — the fracture being 
 generally, but not always, beneath the ocean or near a junction of land and 
 .sea. The extent of the earthquake, and its effects on land and sea in any 
 given case, will of course depend upon the amount of rock displacement 
 caused at the time ; sometimes it is so little — perhaps only a hair's breadth 
 — that there is only a faint sense of trembling ; while at other times there 
 will be one or more sharp shocks, and sometimes great and destructive com- 
 motion in the ocean's waters, as occurred on the coast of South America a 
 few 3'ears ago. And every time one of these shocks occurs it is a stroke of 
 God's great hammer forging another link in the mighty mountain chain 
 around the earth. f 
 
 Our Pasadena mountain rocks were formed in layers beneath the ocean, 
 from the disintegration and pulping of other and older rocks during an age 
 when the ocean extended to the Sierra Nevada mountains and had the great 
 Mohave desert for its sandy floor. Our rocks were formed by the joint 
 action of heat and water, or in a bath of superheated steam under great 
 pressure — ^thus giving them sometimes the appearance of aqueous and 
 sometimes igneous rocks, but always marked as metamorphic rocks. It 
 was the intensity of compression that gave the heat, and not the fire of 
 combustion as in volcanic and primitive rocks ; and this pressure heat was 
 continued through centuries upon centuries of time. Hence these are 
 jellied rocks — cooked rocks — or metamorphosed by the prolonged intense 
 moist heat into a composite magma, in quality and relatioti of parts con- 
 siderably different from their original condition when deposited as sediment 
 on the ocean floor — and further changed in their crystallizing during the 
 process of cooling, according as it went on slowly or rapidly in the different 
 layers, either before or after their terrestrial uplift. Therefore all fossils, if 
 they ever contained any, have been cooked into vapor and diffused undis- 
 tinguishably through the common mass. Thus, too, the gold that is found 
 was vaporized from older rocks below, and in part from the sea water itself, 
 
 *" Thelatter part of the Tertiary period has been the great mountaiiibuilding epoch in the earth's 
 history. The principal part of the elevation of the Ande.s and the Rocky Mountains has taken place 
 since the middle of the Tertiary period. * • » A considerable purtion of this elevation of the chiefest 
 mountain systems of the world occurred in what would be called post-Tertiary time — that is. has been 
 coincident with a portion of the c;lacial period." — " Man ami the Glacial Period," p. 328 : International 
 Scientific .Series No. 69 ; 1892. 
 
 f'The frequent earthquakes on the Pacific coast mike it not at all improbable that the process of 
 elevation is still going on."— Prof. O. K. Wright, on " Prehistoric Man ou the Pacific Coast," in Atlantic 
 Monthly, April, iSgi. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 547 
 
 and diflfused through the mass of quartz and the mass of crude porphyry 
 [" porphN'riticdump" formation], both of which now hold it in molecular com- 
 bination — with the result that it is not found as free gold, but only as flour 
 gold, or verily "gold-dust," in small quantity after the ore has been ground 
 to finest powder and the precious metal successfully separated. 
 
 THE GOLD VEIN. 
 
 There is a vein of auriferous quartz extending easterly and westerly 
 along the wall of the front range of these mountains, with a dip northward 
 at an angle of 45 degrees, or more. In 1886 an outcrop of this vein was 
 found on Mount Wilson ; there was a flurr>' of excitement over it for a few 
 weeks, and a number of claims were staked ; a little gold was fouijd but not 
 enough to pay for working, and the claims were abandoned.* 
 
 An outcrop of the same vein occurs in the west wall of Pine canyon, 
 which lies between Eaton and Rubio canyons; and the "Carrie Mine" was 
 there being developed by its owners, E. V. Carson and Jesse Dickey, when 
 I vi.sited it September 30, and again December i, 1893. Their first tunnel 
 starts into the face of the mountain some 50 or 60 feet below the mineral 
 outcrop and extends inward 100 feet on a level, running due north. At 
 about 50 feet from the entrance it passes through the fissure vein, and at the 
 inner end it strikes another vein less rich than the first, though still deemed 
 worth working — but here a caving down occurred, and work at that point 
 had to be stopped for the present. iVt the junction with the first vein side- 
 drifts or tunnels were worked both eastward and westward, the west one 
 dipping downward and yielding "pay rock" of the kinds called in miners' 
 parlance, "oxide," "sulphide," " honej^-comb, " and "sugar quartz." Be- 
 sides the "Carrie" mine, the same parties had staked the "Pine Tree" 
 mine, adjoining it on the east ; the " Edith " mine on the west ; the "vSum- 
 mit," a deposit of lead carbonate gold-bearing rock near the top of this 
 mineral ridge; and the "Surprise," a twelve-inch vein of gold-bearing 
 feroxide quartz several hundred feet lower down, and in the east wall of Pine 
 canyon, all the others being in the west wall. The following assays were 
 made and duly certified by Wade & Wade, assayers, of Los Angeles : 
 
 GOLD. SILVER. 
 
 July 26, 1893 — Ore from the "Carrie "mine, per ton, $ 89.50 $ 3.85 
 " " " " " 249.07 12.28 
 
 Aug. 12, " " " " " " 135-18 4.97 
 
 July 13, 1893 — Ore from the " Edith " mine, " 75-45 1.92 
 
 Besides these results from professional assayers, Mr. Dickey had made 
 numerous tests for his own satisfaction, by the method which miners call 
 ' ' horning out ' ' — that is, reducing the ore to a fine powder in an iron 
 mortar, then separating the gold by using a horn spoon for a washer, and 
 weighing it in delicate pocket scales that tip the beam even to grains and 
 pennyweights, or "the small dust in the balance." 
 
 The "Carrie," the "Edith," and the "Pine Tree" mines lie about 
 3,000 feet above sea level. 
 
 * " Parties down from Wilson's Peak today report about 300 men there prospecting now, and that 
 there are 38 men at work on the new trail." — Pasadena Union. August 27, 1886. 
 
 The same paper of September 3, speaking of W. H. Korstian and Frank Hearn of Pasadena, said: 
 "After spending a week in diligent testing of their claim. th<-y have just returned laden with some 
 very rich specimens. The official assay m&kes a showing of $:-(.<) per ton of pure metal." The Los 
 Angeles //^j-aW at s-ame time repotted: "There is gold in the giavel of the Santa Anita, Forsjlh 
 [Las Flores], San Gabriel and Precipicio [Eaton] canyons, which ppprcach each other very near in the 
 mountains. Various ledges between the.'e have been sampled and assayed, and yield gold from $50 to 
 $300 per ton." — Los Angeles Herald, September— , 1886. 
 
548 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 June 22, 1894, a corporation was formed called the " Loris Gold Min- 
 ing Company," to operate these Pine Canyon mines under a patent process 
 for reducing the ores and extracting the precious metal in some quicker and 
 cheaper way than by the old stamp-mill process. The inventor of this 
 patent was Geo. W. McGee of Chicago ; and of the new company, the Star 
 said : 
 
 "It is formed with Messrs. Ed. Kennedy, M. McCament, J. V. and 
 Eugene Carson, J. H. Dickej' (all of this city), A. W. Myers of I-shpeming, 
 Mich.; Newell W. Bloss of New York City, and Geo. W. McGee of Chicago, 
 as incorporators. All these gentlemen except Mr. McGee, are now here and 
 have thoroughly examined the propertj' in Pine canyon which the}' have 
 bought for the purpose above set forth. The}^ will order mill machinery 
 and engine at once, and prosecute the development of the mines and the 
 milling of the ore vigorously, having plenty of capital at their command." 
 
 The company was named "Eoris," from Mr. Kennedy's little daughter, 
 about six years' old, he being the largest stockholder, and was organized by 
 electing Ed. Kennedy, president; N. W. Bloss, vice-president; J. O. McCam- 
 ent, secretar)^ and San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer, A good pack trail 
 was made from the mines down to the wagon road ; a band of burros se- 
 cured; a mill erected, with ample ore-deck at top; machinery put in; a forty- 
 horse-power oil-burning steam engine set in place to drive the mill ; and M. 
 G. Burns, a miner of twelve years' experience in the Black Hills, engaged 
 to superintend the works. The capital by this time invested was said to be 
 about $12,000. 
 
 October 23, 1894, I visited this mill. It was then expected to steam up 
 and commence regular work in two weeks. About 100 assays had been 
 made there at the mill camp, I was told, and had averaged $40 per ton. 
 There were fifty tons of ore ready for the hoppers. But the season had been 
 unusually dry, and the water supply from the canyon, being small at best, 
 was growing more scant day by day ; and up to December 15, 1894, the mill 
 was ready for work but lying idle because there was not water enough at 
 command for the necessar}^ vises of the mill and camp. \_Later. — September, 
 1895, I am informed that the Eoris mining works have been abandoned and 
 the mill moved away.] 
 
 After the foregoing digression, I ciuote again from my report of January, 
 1894: 
 
 "The same fissure vein of mineral-bearing cjuartz crops out also on 
 Echo Mountain, only a few rods northward from the hotel reservoir ; and 
 the east bridle road to Mount Lowe crosses a slide of debris from this out- 
 crop which I named "Temptation Slide," because for twenty years past it 
 has .semi-occaKsionally templed some old miner or prospector to follow it up 
 and dig awhile ; and thus it has been "discovered," "staked," alxindoned, 
 and rediscovered several times over. It is now .staked and claimed by John 
 E. Bennett of Los Angeles, and named the " Professor Lowe Mine ;" but no 
 tunnel or shaft has been worked into it. From this cropping it dips both 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 549 
 
 northward into the body of the mountain and southwest down into L,as 
 Flores Canyon. The vein varies from two and one-half to four feet thick. 
 
 "In IvAS Flores Canyon, at an elevation of about 2,300 feet above 
 sea level, is the most extensive opening that has ever been made into this 
 Pasadena mineral vein. It has been traced here for about a mile, and claims 
 staked at every available point, their recorded names being "Golden Star," 
 "Jessie Marie," "Altadena," "Pasadena," "Monitor," and "Bald Eagle." 
 At the " Golden Star " mine a shaft has been sunk, following the dip of the 
 vein down 100 feet — at an angle of 45° for 65 feet, then increasing 
 to about 60° of dip. This lower section became too dangerous by reason of 
 foul air, called "fire damp," and it was boxed off for the present, and a tun- 
 nel run westward, which had been extended fifteen feet when I was there in 
 September, 1893. The descending shaft was excavated four and one-half feet 
 high and six feet wide ; and the first sixty-five feet of it is timbered up solid 
 enough for a railroad tunnel. To provide ventilation, a hot air furnace was 
 kept burning at the mouth of the shaft and a draft-pipe run down to the 
 workmen at the lower end of it, new joints being added as the tunnel pro- 
 gressed. A good wagon road extends up to within about 150 feet of the 
 mouth of the shaft and its dumpyard ; and at this road-point the company 
 has staked ground for a quartz mill of their own. Wm. Twaddell, the 
 superintendent and chief owner of these mines, has bought the house and 
 farm in the canyon, known to old settlers in Pasadena as the "Forsyth 
 ranch." It has a priority water right in the canyon, which can be used to 
 run the mill, and serve afterward for domestic and irrigation purposes just 
 as well as it does now. Messrs. J. T. Best, Samuel Wells, and Thomas 
 Armstrong are members of this mining company ; and there are two others 
 interested merely as capitalists or silent partners. I visited this mine Sep- 
 tember 13, and again on November 24, 1893; there was then twenty to 
 twenty-five tons of ore on the dump, and I gathered from it pocket samples 
 of auriferous quartz, silver chloride, horn silver, iron pyrites, iron oxide 
 rock, chloritic talcose shale — or, in plain English, green clay, sometimes 
 miscalled " soap-stone " ; gold sulphide, gold-bearing crude porphyry, and 
 some red, pulverulent ore with flour of gold diffused. I estimated that 
 probably one-fourth of the ore on this dump was "pay-rock," and the rest 
 doubtful. The owners estimated its value to average $10 per ton, claiming 
 their assays to have yielded from $3 to $14.29 per ton. The assays for 
 Twaddell were made b}^ Thos, Price of San Francisco, formerly State min- 
 eralogist, and an expert authority in such work. (^The crude porphyry from 
 one of the Las Flores water tunnels assayed $3.20 of gold per ton.) The 
 owners claim to be experienced miners, and seem to be well satisfied that 
 they have a good property in these mines, which they intend to work as a 
 regular, legitimate productive industry."* 
 
 [Note. — I visited Eas Flores again October 23, 1894. A new water 
 tunnel had been worked into the east wall of the canyon about ys of a mile 
 up from the claim staked for a mill site, to a depth of 125 feet, running east 
 through a moist mineral vein, and a branch of 35 feet running north through 
 a dry ore vein. It was the intention to continue the eastward tunnel 125 
 
 * M. E. Wood came to Pasadena in 1876 ; and in 1S81 he and a miner from Arizona named Redway 
 discovered mineral rock in t,as Flores canyon. They staked a claim there, and had some of the ore 
 assayed. It yielded a small amount of both gold and silver, but not enough to pay for working, and 
 they abandoned it. 
 
550 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 feet farther, in search of more water. During the month of September Mr. 
 Twaddell had procured four assays to be made for him at the Ivoris mining 
 works in Pine Canyon, and these yielded respectively $4, $10, $1, and 
 $1,800 per ton.] 
 
 Linda Vista Gold Mines. — In September, 1886, W. L. Vail and 
 Frank A. Kasson reported assays running from $40 to $100 per ton from 
 gold ore found in the Linda Vista Hills. And in 1887 John W. Wilson and 
 son worked a mineral vein from 14 to 18 inches thick, in the hills west of 
 Linda Vista and about two miles from Pasadena. The vein yielded quartz 
 oxide free milling ore, and six different assays gave from $4.60 to $26.00 per 
 ton value in gold and silver, with gold predominating. But the right of all 
 minerals of value ever to be found within this part of the old Spanish grant 
 of the San Rafael Rancho was bought years ago from Benj. Drey fuss by J. 
 DeBarth Shorb ; hence this mine could only be worked by Shorb's permis- 
 sion, and with a percentage to him, and thus it does not pay to work it. 
 
 In 1884 I owaied some land on the Arroyo hills west of Pasadena, where 
 the Scoville bridge and other improvements are now located ; and near the 
 top of the hill there was an abandoned gold-digging. Our late townsman. 
 Dr. O. H. Conger, had assayed "the color," as> miners term it, or yellow 
 dirt which was found there, and it yielded a little gold, but not enough to 
 pay for working. And the excavation has since been covered up by Mr. 
 Scoville's grading operations. 
 
 In 1883 there were still visible some abandoned gold-diggings in the 
 semi-circular sandy flat below the county road as it winds up from the Gar- 
 vanza bridge to Highland Park. The old Pasadena stage road crossed this 
 flat within a few yards of the gold-digger's pits ; they were sand-wash dig- 
 gings ; but they are all now filled up, the land being used for a Chinese 
 market garden. And the vegetable diggers are making more money out of 
 it than the gold-diggers did. 
 
 In the old flood-plain of the Eaton canyon wash, above Lamanda Park, 
 there is occasionally found a mysterious old pit in the sand and gravel, as if 
 somebody had been digging for water. These are remains of gold-digging 
 ventures— some of them made as long ago as 1852. [See also page 53, and 
 first footnote, page 73.] 
 
 other mineral formations. 
 
 On the west side of the Arroyo Seco, opposite the foot of Columbia 
 street, there are shale beds of Tertiary age, and I have gathered from 
 them specimens of selenite, a crystallized and pellucid variety of sulphate of 
 lime, or gypsum ; but it does not occur in commercial quantity. I also found 
 there, as an exudate or efflorescence of the shale beds, some granular crusts 
 of sulphate of magnesia or epsom salts, and in the same beds I found exuda- 
 tions of alkali — almost pure saleratus. 
 
 In 1876 Prudent Beaudry tunneled into the west bank of the Arroyo 
 Seco opposite the foot of Columbia street for coal, and worked out altogether 
 about a ton of a pretty good article, though it proved to be only a pocket 
 deposit, and no more was found. The shaft or tunnel was carried in two 
 hundred feet, but the mouth has caved in or filled up with del)ris, so that it 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — ^ SCIENCE. 55 1 
 
 cannot now be entered to obtain specimens.'^ This Beaudry coal shaft was 
 excavated by Samuel Carson, a son of Gen. Fremont's famous Rocky 
 Mountain scout, Kit Carson. 
 
 On the line of the abandoned old Santa Fe cut-off track from Raymond 
 to lyamanda Park, at a point between Moline and Lake Avenue the grade or 
 roadbed was cut through a deposit of bog iron ore, also called " ferriferous 
 tufa," and " cellular limonite." It is a geological curiosity but of no com- 
 mercial value. 
 
 In the South Pasadena hills, right where the Lincoln Park reservoir is 
 now located, there is an extensive deposit of feldspathic shale, and mixed in 
 it are boulders of water-lime rock which were dug out and burned and used 
 for hydraulic cement when the Padres of San Gabriel built their Mission 
 church, their mills and their dams. And the Pasadena colony people ordered 
 lime burned there for their Orange Grove reservoir in 1874 ; and Mr. Shorb 
 procured it also for the original cement ditch from Devil's Gate to Reservoir 
 No. I, in 1876. But fuel is so high now that a better article of cement can 
 be imported for less money than it will cost to quarr)^ and burn the lime here. 
 
 Fossil Fish Ledge — The body of hills extending from South Pasa- 
 dena to East Los Angeles are commonly called " chalk hills," but there is 
 little or no real chalk or lime in the feldspathic shale of which they are 
 chiefly composed. It seems to be a sedimentr)^ mixture of kaolin (decom- 
 posed feldspar) with silica and iron. Hon. Delos Arnold was spending the 
 winter of 1880-81 in Pasadena, and boarding at Col. Banbury's. The 
 Colonel was then working at carpentry, and was using a piece of this native 
 chalk for his chalk-line. This attracted Mr. Arnold's attention, as a matter 
 of geological interest ; and one day while driving along the adobe road he 
 picked up a piece of the chalky rock that had been washed down from the 
 ledge, and on separating it into flakes discovered the fossil imprint of a 
 small fish. He then followed up the wash-gully to the parent ledge, and 
 there found more specimens. The exact place of this fossil bed was only 
 known to five or six persons until July 9, 1895, when a party of twenty-six 
 Chautauquans spent several hours there, and succeeded in finding ten or 
 twelve specimens of the fossil fish, varying from one-half inch to two inches 
 long, besides fossil leaves and bud scales, and a beech nut, and wing cases 
 of water beetles ; also some specimens of dendrites.! 
 
 * Hon. J DeBarth Shorb tells me that he saw this stuflf, and that it was not coal at all, in the com- 
 mon understanding of the terra, but small erratic beds of asphalt, compressed to a hard, dry, brittle 
 condition almost like the best of true coal. And judging from all the conditions of the surrounding 
 country, I think Mr. Shorb is probably right about it. 
 
 tThe Daily Star of July 10, 1S95, said : ''A geological fishing excursion, with a picnic attachment. 
 * * At half-past eight o'clock yesterday morning the start was made from Fair Oaks avenue and Colo- 
 rado street— seven buggies and two " bikes," with Dr. Reid as guide. The following persons constituted 
 the party : Mrs. O W. Stanton, president of the Delphi circle, and members. Prof. A. L. Hamilton, Mrs. 
 M. A Wakefield, Misses Cora and Nettie Underwood, Miss Aeta Udell, Miss Blanche Allin. W. N. Van 
 Nuys. president of the Marengo circle; and members, Mrs. Van Nuys, J. W. Sedwick and wife, Prof. 
 Charles M. Parker, A. B. Stevens, Miss Jennette Tower, Miss Rosa Allin, Mrs. Mary M. Smith, Mrs. 
 Anna H. Johnson, Miss Blanche Johnson, Dr. .\. B. Royal, Geo. W. Burman. Visitors. Mrs. A. M. Royal, 
 the doctor's mother and his son Harry ; Miss May Allin, Roy Gray and Will Gray. Among their equip- 
 ments for work were hammers, hatchets, a grubbing hoe, a railroad shovel, a putty knife, a cold chisel, 
 a dirk knife, a case knife, three jackknives, a framing chisel, a geological hammer, and several hair 
 pins." 
 
552 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The Oil Question. — In March, 1865, the Los Angeles Pioneer Oil 
 Co., leased for a term of twenty-five years the exclusive right to operate oil 
 works on the Rancho San Pasqual. The shale formation in the Arroyo 
 banks at foot of Columbia street and thereabouts were then supposed to be 
 of oil-bearing character. But the company never bored a well. See page 
 76 ; also 464, where the Southern Oil Co. is mentioned. This new Pasa- 
 dena Company put up a derrick and went to work. I requested them to 
 preserve a record of formations passed through, and let me have it for my 
 chapter on Geology. They kindly did so, and here is the record of their 
 second well, up to September 23, when this chapter went to press : 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SECTION OF OIL BORINGS ON SOUTH PASADENA HILL. 
 
 FT. DEEP. 
 
 Limestone and adobe. 
 100 
 
 At 176 feet, water, about the level of old San Gabriel road. 
 Adobe. 
 
 Black shale. 
 Adobe. 
 
 300 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 600 
 
 At 350 feet, Iridium, or hornblende ; 18 in., very hard ; took 4 daj's to 
 
 to drill through it. 
 Sand, very fine. 
 
 800 
 
 900 
 
 Shale, black. 
 
 At 450 feet, vv^ater again. 
 
 Shale, dark blue. 
 
 Shale. 
 
 Sand and coal strata. 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 At 665 feet, water again. 
 
 Close sand. 
 
 At 725 feet natural gas. 
 Sulphurous gas and water. 
 
 Sand. 
 Natural gas. 
 
 Carboniferous shale. 
 Sand. 
 
 Edwin Baker and J. F. Barcus, two reputable old settlers, inform me 
 that in 1887-88 a Mr. Roberts had a spring in the Arroyo bank at junction 
 of West Columbia street with Arroyo Drive, which at certain times of year 
 tasted and smelled so strongly of oil that the family could not use it. But 
 the spring is now abandoned and filled up, Mr. Roberts having removed to 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Geo. W. Glover, Jr., editor of the South PasadonDi, informs me that 
 gas bubbles and a petroleous odor have sometimes been noticed at a point 
 between Mr. Moody's house on the Arroyo bank and the site of the old 
 adobe or Garfias ranch house. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 553 
 
 F. M. Underwood, a well-known mine prospecter of Pasadena, claims 
 that he found outcrops of shale formation at sundry- points west-by-north 
 from Pasadena, which showed that the shale beds at Columbia Hill were 
 part of a continuous stratum of oliferous shales extending from the oil 
 wells of Newhall and Saugus in a line southeastward to those of Puente. 
 
 GLACIER ACTION IN PASADENALAND. 
 
 When I learned of the circumstances and conditions under which stone 
 implements were found deeply buried in Reservoir Hill, in February, 1874, 
 as described in the chapter on " Prehistoric Man in Pasadena," it became 
 necessary to seek a geological explanation of the case ; and for this purpose 
 there were two resources — earthquake phenomena and glacial phenomena. 
 No writer to my knowledge had at that time supposed or suggested that the 
 glacial epoch of geology had extended its Pacific coast ice mantle as far 
 south as lyos Angeles.* But when I began to study the Reservoir-Hill 
 problem in that light, I soon discerned that Pasadenaland had been the 
 scene of a series of terrace lakes, which were a feature of the glacial 
 period ; and thus our ancient stone relics came to be reckoned as cotemporary 
 with glacial phenomena in this valley, notwithstanding previous opinions that 
 no glacier work had occurred so far south. My conclusion on this point was 
 first publicly announced in an address before the Pasadena Fortnightly Club, 
 February 27, 1894. There was present in the audience Mr. J. B. French, 
 who had formerly been a working member of the Western Reserve His- 
 torical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, and associated therein with Prof. Geo. 
 Frederick Wright, who stands preeminent as an authority on glaciology. 
 Mr. French had himself done some field work on this line in Ohio, and was 
 much interested in my discoveries here at Pasadena, for he had previously 
 noticed what looked like ' ' glacial till ; ' ' but being under constraint of the 
 common doctrine that glaciers did not reach so far down the coast, he had 
 said nothing about it. He now mentioned the matter to me, and we there- 
 after took many trips together in search of glacier footprints, finding them 
 numerous and well defined at many points within a radius of three to five 
 miles from Pasadena's business center.^ 
 
 In connection with this matter I recalled that in 1885 [July 15, see foot- 
 note, p. 418] I had noticed at Devil's Gate some very singular markings 
 on large rocks or boulders there— had pointed them out to friends at the 
 time, and tried to explain them by some theory of an ancient waterfall, with 
 sand, gravel and cobblestones washing over and wearing those peculiar 
 marks on the rocks. Any suggestion of glacier marks would have been 
 rank geological heresy at that time, and it did not occur to me ; but now, 
 
 * " Prior to the autumn of 1871, the glaciers of the Sierra were unkuowu. In October of that year I 
 discovered the Black Mountain glacier, between two peaks of the Merced group, * * not expecting 
 to find any active glaciers so far south in the land of sunshine." — John Muir, '■ .Mountains of California," 
 p. 28. Mr. Muir reports 65 glaciers still existing in California that he has himself seen, at elevations from 
 9,500 feet to 11,000 and 12,000 feet. 
 
554 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 1894, I bethought me that there the glacier had left a memorial record in 
 its own handwriting, indelible on the granitic syenite rocks, which could not 
 be gainsaid ; with Mr. French I went and reexamined them carefully ; and 
 as an eventual historic outcome of this conclusion I here quote an article 
 from the lyOS Angeles Daily Joiir^ial of Sept. 13, 1894 • 
 
 THE MARKINGS AT DEVIL 'S GATE. 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., June 2, 1894. 
 By invitation of Dr. H. A. Reid we have examined what he claims are 
 " glacial scratches ' on the rocks at Devil's Gate. They consist of some 
 eight or nine examples of peculiarly polished marks on the surface of hard 
 granite rocks — some of them being striations or little grooves in parallel 
 lines, and others more like patches of polished chisel work, but all appar- 
 ently made b)^ a power moving from north to south, which it seems would 
 have been the most natural line of motion of a glacier at this point. We 
 are not expert geologists or glacialists, but have some knowledge of the 
 subject in connection with other branches of natural science ; and we do 
 not know of a?iy other natural cause which could have produced these par- 
 ticular marks in the place, and on the kind of rock surfaces, and in the 
 relative positions of alignment, as we found them. 
 
 Signed : 
 
 A. J. McClatchie, [Professor in charge of biology department in 
 Throop Polytechnic Institute.]* 
 
 J. D. Gaylord, [Formerly principal of High School in Brooklyn, Conn., 
 and of Academy at Ashford, Conn.; twenty-two years a teacher; constant 
 reader of science periodicals, etc.] 
 
 J. B. French, [Formerly treasurer and librarian of the Western Reserve 
 Historical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, co-member and worker with Dr. Geo. 
 Frederick Wright, the foremost authority on glacial phenomena now living.] 
 
 Geo. Conant, [For twelve years principal of incorporated academies in 
 Western New York, and seventeen years principal of city schools in Ohio.] 
 
 Thomas Nelmes, [Member of Science Association of Southern CaH- 
 fornia.] 
 
 Delos Arnold, [Special student in paleontology ; has gathered and 
 classified the finest collection of fossil shells, crinoids, etc., in the State.] 
 
 Frank J. Polley, [Profes.sor of history and accounts in Throop Poly- 
 technic Institute; a zealous and working member of the Los Angeles County 
 Historical Society.] 
 
 Joseph Grinnell, [Special student in entomology and ornithology ; 
 has made a large and valuable collection, especially of yative birds.] 
 
 Charles V. Tebhetts, [Formerly professor in William Penn College, 
 Oskaloosa, Iowa, and principal of Pasadena High School, 1889-90.] 
 
 Wm. H. Knight, [President of Southern California Science Association, 
 1894; honorary member Cincinnati vSociety of Natural History; contributor 
 to various scientific publications.] 
 
 For twelve months longer I pursued this investigation, and can now re- 
 
 *I have added in brackets after each uame a stateiueut of their relation lo scientific studies or in- 
 terests which explains why I invited them to this particular investigation 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 555 
 
 port more specifically upon it. There are three distinct varieties of geologi- 
 cal waj'marks among these exposed and weather-worn rocks on the north- 
 east postern of the narrow gorge known as "Devil's Gate," to-wit : slick- 
 ensides, glacial enamelings,* and w^ater carving. 
 
 Slickensides. — "Polished and scratched or striated rock-surfaces, ex- 
 hibited on the opposed faces of veins or faults, or occasionally between lay- 
 ers of stratified rocks w^here they have moved one upon another." — Stan- 
 dard DidioJi ar}\ i^pS- 
 
 These marks were probably made when these rocks were first upheaved 
 from their original bed at the bottom of the ocean, and pressed against each 
 other so hard as to produce a glaze-film by the heat of friction ; but they 
 could possibly have been made bj' earthquake movement at a later period ; 
 and these particular ones could also have been made by glacier movement, 
 because they lie in a horizontal position and not vertical or at some angle ot 
 elevation, as slickensides usually do. This fact of their horizontal position, 
 and of close association here with other marks certainly of glacial origin, 
 and of their alignment with the most probable course of the glacial move- 
 ment at this point, led me at first to class them as ' ' glacial scratches ' ' or 
 striations, as spoken of in the above document.' But Mr. Ossian Guthrie, an 
 expert glacialist of Chicago, examined theni with me early in February, 
 1895, and pronounced them unquestionably "slickensides," notwithstand- 
 ing their unorthodox position ; and I concurred in that as perhaps the greater 
 probability.t 
 
 Glacial Enatnelings. — These are the marks " like patches of polished 
 chisel work ' ' spoken of in the June 2d document. They are not "scratches " 
 in the ordinary sense, nor striations, but rather gougings, with a thin shell 
 of glassy-like glazing on the surface, which were produced by a friction so 
 great as to generate heat enough to melt or vitrify the surface of the rock 
 at points of heaviest contact. The glaze-film or enamel would of course be 
 harder than the body of the rock, and thus preserve their character — other- 
 wise they would have been worn away by water or weather long ago ; and 
 in fact there are many spots discernible where flakes of the enamel have 
 cracked and peeled off. These marks are on the surface of what is appar- 
 ently an obtruding head of tilted and fractured bedrock that stands partly 
 in contact with the slickensides rocks. It lies in the line of right-oblique 
 movement which would naturally have been produced bj^ a glacier moving 
 
 *"I noticed in many places, as we approached Lake Tenaya, the polishings and scorings of ancient 
 glaciers. * * It is wonderful that in granite so decomposable these old glacial surfaces should remain 
 as fresh as the day they were left by the glacier. But if ever the polished surface scales oflF, then the dis- 
 integration proceeds as usual. The destruction of these surfaces by scaling is in fact contiuually going 
 on. ' — Prof. Joseph LeConte, in Overland Monthly, Nov., iSSj; page so r. 
 
 What Prof. LeConte calls " polishings," I have called " enanielings," because this latter term better 
 expresses their distinctive character a.s glazed surfaces — entirely different from any water-worn or sand- 
 scoured smoothness. 
 
 tThree or four months later, Capt. D. M. Greene, late of U. S. Army, discovered there one series of 
 slickenside striations which had another series crossing them diagonally. And this second grooving 
 may have been produced either by glacier or by earthquake movement. 
 
556 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 down the Canyada valley, and meeting a lesser one from the Arroyo valley 
 at their point of junction. And I have not seen, nor heard, nor read of, 
 nor been able to suggest any other movements in nature which could have 
 done this particular piece of work. Just why there is not more of it here I 
 cannot say ; but I believe a great deal more of it once existed, and was 
 cracked, peeled, disintegrated, worn and washed away by the action of the 
 elements in after time, these being only a few specimens which chanced to 
 remain to tell the story ; for as Prof. LeConte says, "The destruction of these 
 surfaces by scaling is in fact continually going on." 
 
 Water Carvings. — There are several smoothly worn troughs or 
 chutes and other peculiar shapings which were produced by the scouring 
 action of sand, gravel, cobble-stones, etc., carried along by running water. 
 The most conspicuous and well-marked specimen of this class is the turban 
 rock, in shape and position something like a small Moorish dome — and now 
 so ruthlessly daubed over with advertisements that a good photo of it can- 
 not be obtained without its being marred by the impertinence of paint. 
 When this particular job of water-carving was done, the outlet of a moun- 
 tain footlake in the Canyada and Arroyo above flowed here, at the eleva- 
 tion marked by these fluvial mementos on the rocks ; but the stream has 
 since worn its channel to a \)ed fifty or sixty feet deeper dowai. In my 
 researches of months and years among our mountain canyons, I have ob- 
 .served scores of cases of the water carving work, for it is still going on 
 every year ; but I have not yet found examples of either slickensides or 
 glacial enamelings except tho.se at Devil's Gate. The geological indications 
 are that there was a great pre-glacial river sweeping down fromTejunga, 
 Canyada and the Arroyo southeasterly across Pasadenaland to the San Gabriel 
 river, with Rubio, Eaton, Santa Anita, and many lesser canyons as feeders 
 from the mountain slopes. During the period of the great lava flows in 
 North California and beyond, there were intense meteorological disturb- 
 ances, with torrential floods more powerful and destructive than anything 
 known within man's historic period ; and it was in this age of surface 
 changes that our ancient river bed became filled up many hundreds of feet 
 deep with boulders, cobblestones, coarse sand and gravel, swept down from 
 the disintegrating mountain fractures by oft-repeated cloudbursts and terrific 
 storms. But in the closing of the glacial period the action was of a more 
 steady, gradual and gentle type. The yearly increase of ice and impacted 
 snow was piled up in the shaded mountain gorges, with dust, breccia, 
 boulders, sand, clay — everything that was shed by the mountain peaks, 
 ridges, slopes, ledges and gorges, being incorporated promiscuously with the 
 accumulating ice and yearly snow-pack. This vast body of congealed water, 
 with its varied burden of solid materials within its bulk and on its surface, 
 moved slowly down the outlets, it may have been an inch a day, or a foot in a 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 557 
 
 year, or at some faster rate;"-^ but when it reached the open plain where the sun 
 had longer and stronger power upon it, the process of melting away com- 
 menced, and the ice sheet thinned out to a fine edge till it disappeared en- 
 tirely, but formed terminal and lateral moraines and made its own peculiar 
 deposits — thus leaving a record in the rugged language of its own day, 
 which by careful and diligent study we can read and translate into the 
 milder language of our day. 
 
 Note. — After this chapter was written, I met Capt. D. M. Greene, of 
 Co. E, 6th U. S. Inf. — a graduate of West Point, and thirty years in the 
 government service, most of the *ime in California and adjoining territories, 
 and often making official reports to the government on the topography, 
 geologA', and other natural features of unexplored regions of mountain and 
 desert. I asked him to investigate the geological problem of glacial pheno- 
 mena in this region, and let me know his conclusion about it. He did so 
 and here is his report : 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., June 2d, 1895. 
 
 Dr. H. a Reid, — Dear Sir: — Referring to the topographical and 
 geological aspect of the countr}- along the west slope of the Pacific Coast 
 Range of mountains, and particularly that portion of it in the immediate 
 vicinity of Pasadena, there opens to the scientist a wide field of speculation. 
 The persons who have sought to determine the causes which have disturbed 
 the primitive geological formation of the earth's crust have found sufficient 
 evidence of the intense glaciation of the Pacific Coast. There are abundant 
 traces of glacial action along the foot-hills and valleys north and west of this 
 city. The gorge known as " Devil's Gate " presents strong evidence of 
 glacial action. The position of the immense boulders found at that place 
 show conclusively that they came there by glacial transportation. They are 
 water-worn, but their size precludes the possibility of water carriage. Some 
 of the rocks are peculiarly marked by grooves and scratches such as could 
 not be produced by the action of water. Portions of some of the boulders 
 are highly polished, as if glazed with potter's enamel. The scratching and 
 polishing must be the result of the boulders being pushed or dragged along 
 under a moving mass of ice, and this theory seems to afford the only satis- 
 factory explanation of the phenomena. There are man}' other similar 
 evidences of glacial action to be found in Verdugo canyon and along the 
 south side of La Canyada. Yours truly. D. M. Greene. 
 
 I am also informed by Harold S. Channing, our most proficient local 
 metereologist, that he had noticed evidences of glacier work in Tejunga 
 canyon and in La Canyada. 
 
 Glacial Till. — When deposits are made by running water they are sub- 
 jected to an assorting process by which the coarser and heavier portions 
 remain in place first, as large blocks or erratics ; then boulders, cobblestones, 
 coarse gravel, fine gravel, coarse sand, fine sand, and last or farthest down the 
 stream, will be the finer particles that eventually settle and cohere in beds of 
 
 *"I found its rate of motion to be little more than an inch a day in the middle, showing a great 
 contrast to the Muir Glacier in Alaska, which near the front flows at a rate of from five to ten feet in 
 twenty-four hours.''— /oAn Muir's " Mountains of California," p. S4- 
 
558 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA. 
 
 clay, mud, silt, or alluvium, according to their kind of mineral substance and 
 amount of water in combination. But the materials brought down from moun- 
 tains by the glacier or ice-sheet method are not thus assorted.-'' On the con- 
 trary, they are intermixed, so that a section or vertical cut in this kind of a de- 
 posit will show alluvium and sand and worn gravel and angular gravel 
 [breccia], rounded stones and angular stones, all heterogeneously interblended. 
 This is called " glacial till, " and this is the sort of formation that we find all 
 over the plain on which Pasadena is built ; yet there are frequent instances of 
 assortation made by running streams in the melting edges or foot-line of the 
 great ice-sheet, besides water washings of later and post-glacial time ; and 
 this accounts for the special cobblestone beds, gravel beds, clay beds, sand 
 beds, etc., which are often encountered in digging for cellars, cesspools, 
 sewer pipes, railrood cuts, wells, and other excavations — all which do not 
 change the main fact that "glacial till " is the type of our general surface 
 soil, and in some places for a hundred or more feet down, until the gravel 
 and boulder filling of the ancient pre-glacial river beds are reached. 
 
 Terminal Moraines. — It is the habit of a glacial ice-sheet to slowly, 
 steadily, continuously slide down to the place where its foot is melted away, 
 dropping there its terminal load of stones and debris from the mountains ; 
 but here the rivulets formed from the melting ice will carry oflf to lower 
 parts of the country the finer materials, leaving scarcely anything but a bed 
 of stones ; and this sort of a deposit is called a "terminal moraine," the 
 best example of which that I have yet noticed here is at the south front of 
 Mr. J. E. Jardine's place, between Ra5-niond creek and Los Robles creek, 
 where the roadway winds around southeastward down the cobblestone 
 bluff, t [The cobblestone walls forming the bluff banks of an arroyo or 
 valley of erosion since the glacial period, are a different type of formation.] 
 
 Lateral Moraines. — These are formed by the moving ice-sheet 
 forcing stones into a heaped-together mass, or sort of rude wall-line along 
 the edges of its path in a canyon or valley. But torrential streams rushing 
 down across a valley or floodplain will al.so do the same thing on a smaller 
 scale ; and while I have found plenty of these in the floodplains of the 
 Arroyo Seco, and Eaton Canyon, and the San Gabriel river, I have not as 
 yet noted any that seemed to be distinctively of glacial movement except 
 worn boulders imbedded high up along the north slope of the Verdugo or 
 La Canyada hills, and along the east contour of Pasadena's Arroyo hills. 
 
 Boulder Clay. — A glacial ice-sheet carries stones of all sorts, large and 
 small, smooth and rough, frozen solid into its botiom and sides ; and as it 
 moves they grind and scour the rock surfaces along the bottom and sides of 
 
 * " 777/. — \\\ unassorted, coiiiininjrled, and chiefly unstratified mass of clay, sand, pebbles and 
 boulders, deposited directly by glacier ice. not by glacici-waters."— vS'/i!«(/<i;rf llictiotiatv. 
 
 t" The compact ice appeared on all the lower portions of the glacier, though pray with ditt and 
 cobblestones embedded in it. * * I noticed boulders of cveiy size on Iheir journeys to the ter- 
 
 minal moraine— journeys of more than a hundred ytars withciut a single stop, night or day, winter or 
 vinwatr ." ~M ountaim oj California, p. 32-33. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 559 
 
 the glacier's slow but powerful pathway. The particles thus rasped off are 
 ground to finest powder between the upper and nether millstones and pulped 
 with water to a paste, or are carried out as the impalpable coloring matter 
 of muddy waters flowing from the sun-kissed foot of the glacier. This 
 fine mud material is often deposited by gentle sedimentation in some part of 
 a glacial lake, or a stream where there happens to be still water, or an eddy, 
 and will thus ultimately form a bed of clay intermingled with boulders, 
 cobblestones and other glacial products. And cla}^ formations of this char- 
 acter are found along our glacial-terrace line of water-bearing bluffs. It 
 was first discovered by Judge Eaton when he tunneled for water at his 
 " Hillcrest " home place on Sylvan Avenue, in 1882. It was later detected 
 by J. De Barth Shorb in his numerous borings for artesian water, and he 
 called it the "clay dyke." In 1894 it was cut into by Engineer Gervaise 
 Purcell with the water tunnel which he made for Mrs. Gov. Stoneman in 
 the foot of Oak Knoll canyon, and at other points. [See his letter in chap- 
 ter on Hydrology.] But a surface deposit of boulder clay is also found near 
 the foot of I/ake Avenue, where the Simons Bros, are quarrying it for their 
 steam brick factory at that location. 
 
 Pipeclay. — This term technically covers such clays as are suitable for 
 the manufacture of common coarser grades of crockery, and earthenware 
 pipes for drainage and other purpo.ses : and should be nearly or quite free 
 from iron. A small bed of this material outcrops as a grayish-white deposit 
 in the escarpment of the Arroyo bluff where the graded roadway leads 
 down Lo the Linda Vista bridge ; but I think there is not enough of it to be 
 of any commercial value. Lower down is another stratum of fine clay, but 
 of ironrust color and quality. These are the clay formations which Harold 
 S. Channing's well cut through in 1887, at a depth of 100 feet below the 
 surface. [See chapter on Hydrology.] 
 
 Glacial Z^rz//.— This is a general term, comprehending in some meas- 
 ure all the foregoing forms of glacial deposits; but applied more technically 
 to large areas of gravel and cobblestone deposits which were evidently of 
 glacial or subglacial origin. 
 
 Glacial Meadows. — This term is applied by Prof. Le Conte and John 
 Muir to fiUed-up and soil-covered glacial lakes which now form areas and 
 stretches of treeless pasture lands. A considerable portion of Pasadena's 
 area was of this character, and was utilized as pasture land by the old 
 Spanish padres in the days when the San Gabriel Mission held possession 
 here. 
 
560 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 Hydrology : Our Geological Basin. — ^Judge Eaton's Views. — Change of Climate. — 
 Wells of Pasadena. — Artesian Borings. — Mr. Shorb's Geological Section. — Dry 
 Tunnels. — The Glacial Terrace. 
 
 HYDROLOGY. 
 
 This comprises all that has been learned from geological investigations, 
 and from actual work done by hydraulic engineers, water tunnelers, well 
 diggers, and artesian drills, in regard to Pasadena's natural sources of water 
 supply ; and this includes the mountain absorption of winter rains and 
 snows, besides the great geological terrace basins — the filled-up ancient 
 lakes over which the city of Pasadena is built. These lakes were filled at 
 bottom with boulders, cobblestones, sand, gravel, and all sorts of debris 
 from the mountains, and then a topping of tillable soil varying in thickness 
 from one foot to over one hundred feet. The ancient gulf or lake basin 
 under the city is over 1000 feet deep in some places, and the lower goo feet 
 of this is simply a vast water bed, up to the level of its natural outlets by 
 the springs in the Arroyo banks on the west, and those of the glacial terrace 
 on the south extending from Columbia Hill eastward to San Marino (J. De- 
 Barth vShorb's place) and Winston Heights. In 1884 I had commenced my 
 researches in regard to the geology and hydrology of Pasadenaland ; but in 
 1893 I spent several months at Echo Mountain and Mount Lowe, by gener- 
 ous courtesy of Prof T. vS. C. Lowe, making a more close and careful 
 investigation of our mountain formations and their water storage than I had 
 been able to do before. Then in January, 1894, I submitted a report before 
 the Science Association of Southern California on the results and conclu- 
 sions I had reached ; atid in this I spoke of Pasadena's great underlying 
 water basin, with its lower lip at Raymond Hill and the canyon outlets in 
 that east-and-west range of bluffs, giving numerous incidents of my own 
 collecting to illustrate the case, and imagined that I " had a patent " on that 
 geological basin or old filled-up lake theory. But when I set out to pre- 
 pare a complete history of Pasadena I .solicited some contributions for it from 
 our veteran old settler. Judge B. S. Eaton, and he responded to my call with 
 such a generous hand that in nearly half of my chapters I have something 
 from him worth preserving. The water question had been one of his hob- 
 bies since his first settlement here about twenty-five years ago ; and among 
 the matters which he wrote out for this volume is a very clear and distinct 
 grasp of the doctrine of our underljdng water basins, which so far as I have 
 learned, he was the first man to trace and define in their relations to Pasa- 
 dena's fluvial interests. Thus my own "patent" on it is knocked out by 
 the Judge's right of prior discovery, and here I present his narrative: 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 561 
 
 JUDGE EATON ON PASADENA'S WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 About the year 1882 I ran a series of levels around that section of the 
 San Pasqual ranch embraced between Columbia and Buena Vista streets in 
 South Pasadena, extending the survey as far east as the waters supplying 
 Marengo Rancho (Raymond creek). Half a dozen wells had been sunk 
 over this territory ; and taking their depth and comparing the height of the 
 water in them with the levels of the natural outlets, the theory of there 
 being a regular basin of water underlying the plain above was confirmed. 
 A further survey demonstrated the fact that some four acres of my home- 
 place was below the level of the surface of the water in the basin ; but there 
 was no natural outlet for it on my premises ; so I determined to tap the hill 
 with a tunnel. Before commencing this work, however, I sank a prospect- 
 ing shaft at the top of the bench, on my extreme north line, in order to be 
 sure and get on the inside of the supposed sandstone rim of the San Pas- 
 qual basin which our state geologist, Prof. J. D. Whitney, had mentioned to 
 B. D. Wilson as his explanation of the peculiar conditions of water supply 
 existing here, and in which I fully believed at that time. My surveys in- 
 dicated the level of the water in the basin to be about forty feet below the 
 surface of the ground at that point, and, sure enough, at that depth we en- 
 countered it. I felt satisfied then that the Professor's theory was correct ; 
 and running levels down the hill to a point corresponding with the bottom 
 of the shaft, I commenced tunneling. I had driven the tunnel a distance of 
 ninety-one feet under the hill, and as vet encountered no sandstone or ledge 
 of any kind, but had observed that the floor of the tunnel was very moist, 
 as if water were near — in fact, we were only four inches above the surface 
 of the water in the basin. But where was the rim of sandstone? Follow- 
 ing back, we found upon examination water at the same depth up to a point 
 thirty-five feet from the mouth of the tunnel. Here then must be the point 
 of interception. Upon a critical examination a stratum about twenty inches 
 in thickness, of very compact clay, was found to have been pierced, and 
 outside of this no water could be found. So that constituted the dam.''' A 
 dozen tunnels have been driven into this same bench east of this point 
 since, and in every instance the moment this stratum was passed, water was 
 found. Where Pasadena is there was at some period in the past an im- 
 mense depression. In truth, I believe there must have been at least two, if 
 not three, distinct basins lying parallel with the Sierra Madre range of 
 mountains. The first had for its boundaries on the west the country lying 
 along the Arroyo Seco, where the Canyada ranch is, and on the south by a 
 line drawn in an easterly direction from the Devil's Gate. The second 
 basin was bounded on the south by a line drawn from the Orange Grove 
 Avenue reservoir, also in an easterly direction. The third probably com- 
 prised the section now embraced between Colorado and Columbia streets. 
 
 *Prof. Whitney caught the idea of a great geological water basiu north of Mr. Wilson's spring- 
 bearing line ot bluffs. This was iti i86r. No borings had at that time been made to detect the hidden 
 local bed of boulder-clay, hence from surface indications he uaturalljr supposed the barrier rim to be a 
 sandstone formation. And he did not recognize the signs of glacialaction, for at that time there was 
 very little knowledge of glacier work in the United States ; in fact, American glaciology has almost en- 
 tirely been built up since that time ; and hence these two failures are no discredit to his proficiency as a 
 geologist. The fact was, the state had sent him out to find mineral wealth, rather than purely scientific 
 knowledge, and he had Xo chase for gold — ?i.\\ other geolo'.jical knowledge gained being only accidental 
 or incidental, as tributary to that one main pursuit for precious metals. I make this explanation in 
 justice to Prof. Whitney, who has been wrongfully criticized and censured for the incompleteness of his 
 geological work in this'part of the state. The Karnsworth pamphlet of 1883, page 51, says : " The theory 
 was advanced years ago by Prof. Whitney that this entire portion of the San Gabriel valley is underlaid 
 by a vast subterranean body of water." 
 
 36 
 
562 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 At some time the waters poured down through Fair Oaks Avenue and found 
 their way into the San Gabriel river. 
 
 [Note. — This corresponds almost perfectly with the three ancient ter- 
 race lakes which I had described in explaining the great antiquity of the 
 stone implements found buried so deep on Reservoir Hill, which was before 
 I knew anything about Judge Eaton's views on this matter. I give him 
 credit for being the first to discern the true character and relative positions 
 of the.se several water l)eds. — Ed.] 
 
 Later on, and after they began to break away through and down the 
 Arroyo, they were arrested by the bluff near Lincoln Park, which at that 
 time probably extended to Garvanza and connected with the range of hills 
 on the San Rafael ranch. [Note. — This is the same that I had described 
 as a fourth terrace lake. — Ed.] The waters turned through South Pasa- 
 dena, and thence in a southeasterly direction to the bed of the San Gabriel 
 river. But finally breaking through this last barrier they cour.sed on toward 
 the Los Angeles river without meeting with further obstruction. 
 
 A phenomenon has occurred within the life of Pasadena with the water 
 suppl}' of the springs in the Arroyo Seco that goes far in my mind toward 
 corroborating the theory of there being two or three distinct and separate 
 basins. Ten or fifteen years ago my son Fred, civil engineer, and I were 
 passing up the Arroyo, and noted the flow at the Sheep Corral springs. He 
 estimated it at twenty-two inches — certainl}' not to exceed twenty-four. At 
 a later period, Mr, Schuyler, the noted hydraulic engineer, was employed to 
 measure the waters from the various springs in the Arroyo. Devil's Gate he 
 gave as ninety-six inches, and two inches waste, making ninety-eight inches 
 there. Under his direction, Mr. McQuilling, the zanjero of the Pasadena 
 Water Co., measured the Sheep Corral springs, and from his data Schuyler 
 gave as an approximate of the flow, fifty inches. In speaking of inches, 
 miner's inches are meant, one of which equals about 13,000 gallons per day 
 of twenty-four hours. La.st year I visited the springs with Mr. P. M. 
 Green, and at that time, midsummer, there was not less than 150 inches of 
 water there ; and that after the water had been picked up and diverted into 
 the pipes at Devil's Gate. Now comes the question, what had brought 
 about this wonderful increase ? My theory is that the water had been 
 carried over the divide between the two basins in pipes and deposited in the 
 lower basin for a term of years until the ground had become thoroughly 
 saturated, thus augmenting the supply ; consequently there was an in- 
 creased flow through ihe natural drain at the Sheep Corral springs. What 
 strengthened my belief is that the .springs above have not .shown a correspond- 
 ing increase, though their average di.scharge has increa.sed of late years. 
 That I attribute to the fact that the waters of all the little streams from the 
 mountains, which formerly were principally lost by evaporation, have been 
 gathered and poured onto the lands covering the upper basin until it has be- 
 come saturated, and now add their volume to the supply of that basin. 
 This is the only theory that I can evolve from the circumstances, since the 
 water shed has not been extended, and the average annual rainfall has 
 .shown no material increa.se during the pa.st few years. 
 
 EXPLANATION — CHANGE OK CLIMATE. 
 
 This increa.sed flow from the springs is a very interesting fact, yet ver>' 
 simple of explanation, and is connected with the change of climate which is 
 
DIVISION EIGHT— SCIENCE. 563 
 
 going on here. From Devil's Gate eastward to Monks Hill and beyond 
 there is a subterranean barrier ledge, or "divide," as Judge Eaton calls it, 
 which serves as a submerged dam to hold the waters that are percolating 
 down from the foothills and highland slopes, and compel them to find an 
 outlet at the lowest point of the barrier, which in this case happens to be 
 the Tibbetts springs and flutterwheel springs at Devil's Gate. Next, from 
 Orange Grove Reservoir Hill eastward to Summit and Marengo Avenues at 
 Chestnut street, or above the Santa Fe railroad crossing, there is another 
 barrier ledge which compels the percolating waters to find outlet at the low- 
 est point again, which in this case happens to be at Sheep Corral springs. 
 And a similar underground topograph}' is repeated at Columbia Hill, Ray- 
 mond Hill, and the Glacial Terrace line of bluffs extending thence eastward. 
 Here, then, are our three principal underground basins or lakes. Now, 
 twenty-five or thirty years ago Pasadenaland was a parched, arid, barren 
 desert, all through the "dry season," and from its plains a dry, hot air was 
 radiated or reflected with scorching effect. The mountains held no less water 
 in store then than now, but it all ran to waste down the canyons until lost in 
 their sandy outwashes, instead of being piped out to moisten and fertilize the 
 dried up plains. But since that time the piping has been done, and many 
 thousands of acres that aforetime lay as a scorched plain during four to seven 
 months of the year, are now supplied with moisture, and are covered with 
 vines, fruit trees, flowers, .shrubber}^ grass lawns, hedges, and trees of stately 
 growth. And thus b}^ necessary consequence the local climate is changed — 
 has become more moist, more humid, and in other ways modified both by 
 increased evaporation from the soil and by the subtle chemistry of vigorous 
 vegetation. The long stretches of railroad trackage and electric wires, the 
 friction of moving trains, the diffusion of their volumes of steam and smoke 
 into the atmosphere, etc., have also worked somewhat to change the electri- 
 cal conditions prevailing, so that they, too, are different from what they were 
 before this region was wrought upon by the art of man. These are points 
 as to change of climate — both the fact of it and the factors of it. And now I 
 will return to the matter of increased flowage from our springs, as mentioned 
 b}' Judge Eaton. All the water piped out from the Arroyo Seco and Millard 
 canyon and used either for irrigation or domestic purposes on anj- lands or 
 lots south of Monks Hill, west of Los Robles Avenue and north of Villa 
 street, is to this area a clear addition of that amount of water which would 
 otherwise have gone to waste down the Arroyo bed, and never touched this 
 land. This volume of water is not lost, except a little by evaporation, but 
 after serving its special uses for man it sinks aw^ay into the ground, perco- 
 lates down to the general water bed, and finds outlet again at Sheep Corral 
 springs, thus increasing the flow there. Other areas and other springs are 
 affected in a similar way and by the same processes ; but waters that are 
 used east of upper Los Robles or lower Marengo avenues do not return to 
 
564 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 the Arroyo Seco, but go to increase by so much the flowage in Mill canj-on, 
 Wilson canyon, Mission canj-on, San Marino canyon, or the Craig Avenue 
 swale which extends from foot of Craig Avenue down between the old W^in- 
 ston and Foord farms to the cienegaor bog at county road angle, where Foord's 
 artesian well flows apace, and from which bog Foord's creek arises. And water 
 used south of \'illa or \\''alnut streets, and west of Marengo Avenue 
 go to increase the flowage in the Ra3'mond Improvement Co.'s tun- 
 nel at F^oothill street, and the flowage in Raymond creek. But this 
 creek supply is now heavily tapped by the great well 8x12, and twenty- 
 five feet deep, in the Electric R. R. car liou.se : and also by the Santa 
 Fe R. R. well 8x8, and sixteen feet deep at Raymond station. 
 
 In Pasadena's colony days much di.scu.s.sion was had and much experi- 
 menting done in regard to a water supply for each household by digging a 
 well on their own premises. During the winter of 1884-85, I made a careful 
 research on this line and prepared a report which was printed in the Valley 
 Union of March 20, 1885. This report was the first collection of data ever 
 made here on the well-water problem, and led to ray conclusions about Pasa- 
 dena being built over subterranean lakes of ver^' ancient geological contour. 
 It is a matter of historic interest pertaining to the time before we were a city, 
 and hence I quote the Uyiion' s article. 
 
 THE WEU.S OF PASADENA. 
 
 Dr. Reid, while gathering up insurance busine.ss, has also gathered 
 some statistics of the wells in Pasadena, which will be of curious interest as 
 well as practical value to many of our readers. The list of locations, depth 
 of digging and amount of water in the.se wells will throw much light on the 
 problem of our permanent water resources, as well as on the geological char- 
 acter of this portion of the vSan Gabriel valley. 
 
 On the Pasadena Highlands, at the head of Lake Avenue, Mr. Mel- 
 ville Wood has a well which he dug in August, 1882, only thirty feet deep, 
 and the water stands in it steadily eight feet deep. This place is next east 
 from Fred Woodbury's place. Mr. Wood has also an experimental well 
 which he dug in December, 1881, on the lowest or southeast corner of his 
 place, which is only thirteen feet deep, and has one foot of water. In the 
 same vicinity, and a little farther eastward, Mr. Hodgkins has a well thirty- 
 five feet deep. And on the Dr. lUlis place there is one twenty-five feet in 
 depth. But on the Swartwout place, farther south, and probably more than 
 roo feet lower down, a well was dug to the depth of r25 feet without getting 
 water, and was abandoned and filled up ; though later digging on other 
 farms show that a good supply of water would probably have licen obtained 
 if the digging had been continued far enough. 
 
 [Note. — Some time prior to 1880, Mr. H. G. Monks dug a well a few 
 rods north of Monks' Hill to a depth of 133 feet, and obtained water. 
 When Painter & Ball, in rS8i, bought from Mr. Monks his 2,000 acres of 
 land, they dug this well two feet deeper, and water stood in it usually about 
 twelve feet deep : V)Ul in iSSs it went dry. Mr. Monks had also run a tun- 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 565 
 
 nel forty or fifty feet into the north side of Monks' Hill, and found a little 
 moisture but no flow of water. Then in 1884 Painter & Ball dug a well 
 100 feet deep with three feet of water, on what is now the Tebbett's place, 
 near the Washington schoolhouse. — Ed.] 
 
 On Villa street, on land now owned by Mr. J. Blatenburg, there is a 
 bored and piped well 490 feet deep, with 340 feet of water standing in it. 
 This well was sunk by Mr. Craig, after whom Craig Avenue was named, in 
 order to test the problem of artesian water in that vicinity. Further east, 
 on Villa street, S. Bundy has a well 174 feet deep. Alfred Hutchins, on the 
 corner of Villa street and Hill Avenue, has a well 160 feet deep, with eight 
 feet of water. A. Becker, corner of Villa street and Craig Avenue, has a 
 well 170 feet deep, with nineteen to twenty feet of water. J. D. Kootz has 
 a well 148 feet deep, with four feet of water. C. D. Curtis' well on Santa 
 Anita Avenue, the road that leads into Eaton Canyon, is 102 feet deep, 
 with two feet of water. And P. B. Langworthy's well on Craig Avenue, is 
 130 feet deep, with four feet of water. On the Allen ranch, north of J. F. 
 Crank's place, and the one that gave name to Allen Avenue, a well was 
 dug 180 feet without finding water. On Colorado street, H. R. Case's well 
 is 108 feet, with four or five feet of water. C. Maudlin's well is no feet, 
 with seven to eight feet of water. Peter Sumstine's well, corner of Colo- 
 rado street and Craig Avenue, is 93 feet deep, with twelve feet of water. I. 
 McCollum's well, 117 feet, with ten feet of water. J. R. Giddings' well, 
 no feet, and six feet of water. A. M. Byram's well, 113 feet, and ten feet 
 of water. Dr. Aikens' well, 96 feet, with four to five feet of water. On 
 Marengo Avenue, M. W. McGee has a well ninety-four feet deep, with ten 
 feet of water ; and G. T. Stamm's well is eighty feet deep. 
 
 On Fair Oaks Avenue, M. Sandeman's well is twenty-six feet deep, 
 with six to eight feet of water. John S. Mills's well, eighteen feet, with six 
 feet of water. H. A. Wallis's well, fourteen feet, with five feet of water. 
 These three wells are all in the adobe land, down near the Raymond Hill ; 
 and at the north-east foot of this hill is an outcrop of water formerly known 
 as the Bacon spring whicti was the head of a brook flowing down across 
 the old Bacon Ranch. [Raymond Creek.] On Columbia street, Mr. John 
 Werner has a well ninety-six feet deep in which the water stands fifty-four 
 feet, and is pure, soft water. It seems to come from a bed or stratum of 
 clay almost entirely free from the lime andiron elements which make " hard 
 water" of our water supply generally, whether it comes direct from moun- 
 tain canyons, or the Arroyo, or from wells. In the same general vicinity 
 around Mr. Werner's we find the Edwards wells, (recently bought by Mr. 
 Raymond), sixty-five feet deep, with eight feet of water; Mrs. Riggins' 
 well, seventy feet, with eight feet of water; D. Raab's well, fifty -eight 
 feet, with eighteen feet of water ; A. O. Porter and P. M. Green's well, 
 seventy feet, with eight feet water ; Judge Eaton's well, forty -six feet, with 
 six feet water. 
 
 On the Arroyo Drive, above California street, Mr. Bruso has a well 
 forty feet deep, with twenty feet of water. Below California street, Mr. 
 Baker and Mr. Barcus, and Miss Bishop each has a well twenty feet deep, 
 with about five feet of water ; and Mrs. Glover's well is twenty-nine feet, 
 with five feet water. S. Washburn, corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Val- 
 ley street, had a well eighty-three feet deep, with ten feet of water, and a 
 steam pump to lift it ; but it caved in during the excessive rains and flood- 
 wash of February and March, 1884, and has not been reopened. 
 
566 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The following additional wells were noted, without learning their street 
 locations : G. N. Briggs, 83 feet, with 12 feet water; E. H. Royce, 91 feet, 
 with 7 feet water ; J. Butler, bored and iron-tubed well, 70 feet, with 30 feet 
 water; D. \V. Shellhamer, 83 feet; Mr. Biedebach, 186 feet; Mr. Gripper, 
 83 feet ; Messrs. E. A. Bonine, James Williams, Joseph Wallace and others 
 also have wells, the figures of which were not obtained. John Werner, 
 J. Butler, and Mr. Hammond expressed confidence that they can obtain 
 artesian water by going down 500 to 1,000 feet. 
 
 Here are forty-six wells named within the neighborhood known as 
 Pasadena, var>'ing in depth from fourteen to 490 feet deep, and scattered 
 about in all parts of the settlement ; and there are probably ten or twelve 
 more not noted. It is therefore pretty plain that Pasadena has resources to 
 soak the heads of dry weather croakers, even .should the clouds go farrow 
 and the mountain streams dwindle all this year. [March, 1885.] 
 
 [Note. — Mr. John S. Mills, mentioned above, has since informed me 
 that he dug his well in 1882 ; that water was found at fifteen feet from the 
 surface, and at twenty-one feet it came in so fast that it 3'ielded twenty gal- 
 lons per minute, and drove the workmen out. The John Werner well re- 
 ferred to was first dug by Hon. P. M. Green, a short time before Mills's 
 well, and a moderate supply of water was obtained at a depth of forty-seven 
 to fifty feet. Then after Mr. Werner bought the place he drilled this well 
 about fift>^ feet deeper, and more than doubled the supply of water, having 
 penetrated the bed of clay which Judge Eaton refers to as occurring in his 
 tunnel and others along the Glacial Terrace. This clay formation is the 
 ' ' boulder clay ' ' of geology, and was originally the fine mud that settled 
 along the borders of a glacier — then it was covered by later material, and 
 pressed into a tough, arenaceous clay (intermixed with boulders and cobble- 
 stones) by the weight of deposits above it.] 
 
 Since the above list of wells was published, in March, 1885, a great 
 many other wells and tunnels have been dug in Pasadenaland, and I have 
 obtained notes on a few of them. In 1887, when the Oak Knoll sjnidicate 
 was engaged in subdividing and improving their picturesque tract they dug 
 a well 140 feet deep. Water was first found at twenty-two feet; and at 
 fifty-six feet a water-bearing stratum was reached, which made the water 
 rise six feet in the well, and it remained at that height — only sixteen feet 
 from surface — but boring was continued to a total of 140 feet from the 
 surface. Then a steam pump was tried, and it could not perceptibly lower 
 the water line. July 6, 1895, I investigated this well again ; and found the 
 steam pump at work lifting 4,420 gallons of water per hour for ten hours 
 each day, without perceptibly lowering the supply. George Hyatt was the 
 engineer in charge. The covered reservoir at ground level holds 250,000 
 gallons ; and the tank, twenty-one feet above ground, holds 60,000 gallons. 
 About a fourth or third of a mile farther south on this tract there is a series 
 of tuiniel and trench surface springs which yield a good supply of water. 
 
 In 18S7, Harold S. Channing dug a well on his father's jilace on Orange 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 567 
 
 Grove Avenue, across the street east from Reservoir hill. After passing 
 through the surface soil or "glacial till" formation, fifteen or twenty feet, 
 there was a continued alternation of water- wash layers of sand, gravel, 
 cobblestones — each time in this consecutive order. Then at about 100 feet 
 below the surface he encountered a stratum of pipe-clay which was eighteen 
 feet thick. As soon as this was passed through, a water-bearing bed of 
 sand and gravel was met wath and penetrated two feet, yielding an abundant 
 supply of w^ater. The total depth of the well was 120 feet. The bed of 
 pipe-cla}^ passed through in this case is the same that crops out in the bluff 
 and in the roadway gully at foot of the hill road leading down to the Linda 
 Vista bridge. [See page 559.] 
 
 In the spring of 1890, Dr. R. H. Shoemaker, at corner of Craig Avenue 
 and San Pasqual street, bored a well seventy-five feet deep, in which water 
 stands twenty feet. A steam pump was tried on it at forty lifts per minute. 
 This rapid rate succeeded in breaking the machinery but not in emptying 
 the well. I visited this well on September 10, 1894, and found a gas engine 
 steadily at work pumping 1,000 gallons per hour, as stated by the pump- 
 man in charge. 
 
 In 1890 Joseph Heslope sunk two wells 500 feet deep on his place be- 
 tween the Titus and Winston farms, and they flowed over the surface, but 
 not strong enough to suit, so he tapped them with outflow pipes six feet 
 below the surface, and got a stream of nine inches of water ; and this water 
 is now piped away to San Gabriel and Savannah. 
 
 In October, 1891, Mrs. Black, on south side of San Pasqual street 
 opposite Dr. Shoemaker's, sunk a well 100 feet deep, with a stand of sixty 
 feet of water in the tube. 
 
 In 1 89 1, Iv. H. Titus sunk a well on his peach farm on California street 
 and Santa Anita Avenue to a depth of 500 feet, and water stands in it to 
 within thirteen feet of the surface. 
 
 In 1892 A. J. Painter sunk a well fifty-five feet deep, on Painter's Flat 
 at the Arroyo Park grounds, near where his dummy railroad then ran from 
 the Painter hotel down to Devil's Gate ; and from it was pumped a steady 
 stream of seven miners' inches. Then a few rods .southwest from this, J, 
 Benj. Wilson had a well near the Arroyo bank, forty-five feet deep with 
 three feet of water, which had stood true for five or six years. But in 1894 
 the water companies run a tunnel forty feet below the bottom of the well 
 and drained it dry. This .shows that there is a barrier ledge or dyke or 
 waterproof rim of some sort between the underground basin and the Arroyo 
 gorge. P. W. I^loyd owns this Wilson place now, and has a well shaft 
 eightj^-five feet deep to the bottom of the tunnel, from which he raises water 
 by a windmill. 
 
 In the summer of 1893, C. S. Carpenter, at corner of California street 
 and Shorb Avenue, sunk a well 120 feet deep, and tested it with a steam 
 
568 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 pump that raised 2,400 gallons of water per hour, without perceptihl}- dimin- 
 ishing the supply. Mr. Carpeuter informed me that the first fifty feet down 
 seemed to be a soil formation just like the surface ; then water was met with, 
 and the boring was through sand, gravel, boulders, etc., all the rest of the 
 way down. The water continually stands at fifty feet from the surface, but 
 rises no higher, that being the normal water level in our submerged ancient 
 lake-bed ; and that fifty feet of soil represents the depth or thickness of the 
 glacial till formation at that particular point. 
 
 In September- October, 1894, Col. O. S. Picher and his son, sunk a well 
 at their home place on Magnolia Avenue below California street. They 
 bored to a depth of 1 20 feet and got seventy feet of water ; then a steam 
 pump was put in and run at its best endeavor for twenty -four hours without 
 perceptibly lowering the water in the well. 
 
 In March and April, 1895, the Electric R. R. Co. sunk a well 8x12 feet 
 in size, and 25 feet deep from surface, inside the northeast corner of their 
 great truss-roof car house. For two weeks it was necessary to keep a rotary 
 pump running at full speed night and day, to keep the water out so that 
 the diggers could continue their work. I visited the place five times during 
 the progress of this well. As to the amount of water being pumped out, 
 the workmen gave me different statements ; some I knew lied to me. and I 
 distrusted all of them, but had no means of measuring it myself; yet I noted 
 that the pump was throwing a steady 3-inch stream with such force as to 
 project it six feet from the outlet in a fall of about four feet. This is the 
 largest well service yet developed in Pasadena's ancient underground lake. 
 
 April 18, 1895, I inspected the Santa Fe R. R. Co.'s well at Raymond 
 station. It is 8 x 8 feet in size and 16 feet deep, and usually fills from 7 to 8 
 feet during summer months ; but the pump man thought the Electric Car 
 Co.'s big new well had perceptibly lessened his supply, while it was being 
 dug and its water-flow all pumped out. With a 2^ inch outlet he could 
 pump his well empty in i }4 hours ; then it would take about three hours 
 for it to fill up again. The R. R. tank is 18 feet deep and holds 52,000 
 gallons. The i }4 hours pumping would raise the water line about two feet, 
 which would measure 5,778 gallons of water. He thought this well would 
 have to be dug deeper eventually. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELL BORINGS. 
 
 The first historic effort in this line was made by James Craig, a native 
 of England, who came here in 1869, as agent for the Grogan tract of 5,000 
 acres, and took 150 acres of it for his own home, where he still resides, at 
 the head of Craig Avenue. He calls his place "The Hermitage." The 
 well in question was on the south side of Villa street near Wilson Avenue, 
 and was drilled and piped to a depth of 490 feet ; water stood in it 340 feet 
 deep, but this was 150 feet short of coming to tht- surface for overflow, and 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 569 
 
 hence was not an artesian well at all. It was a costly and sorry experiment 
 for Mr. Craig, but was really the most heroic and valuable thing that 
 had yet been done toward finding out what were the subterranean water re- 
 sources of Pasadenaland. This was in 1880 or '81. 
 
 About the same time the Foord Brothers had obtained a flowing well in 
 a cienega or bog at foot of Santa Anita Avenue, this bog being a pocket in 
 the Craig Avenue swale on the road between the original Ford and Winston 
 farms, and out of it flowed Foord's creek. The Foord Bros.'s farm is the 
 northwest part of lands of the East San Gabriel Land and Water Co., as 
 shown on the ofiicial map of Pasadena, but is now owned by E. K. Alex- 
 ander. The well was tubed, and flows there yet, close by the east side of 
 the road. 
 
 The next notable effort on this line occurred early in 1886, and I copy 
 here a report of it which I made in the Valley Union of May 28, 1886 : 
 
 "Mr. L. H. Titus has recently completed a remarkably successful 
 artesian well. It is 290 feet deep from the surface, flowing out on higher 
 ground than any other artesian well yet made in that region, and it flows 
 freely to a height of eight feet and three inches above the surface. The water 
 from this artesian well is as clear as crystal and gives no taste of mineral 
 properties, but is warm, its temperature being 72 degrees Fahrenheit. It 
 took them over three months to make this well. At seven feet from the sur- 
 face they struck boulders and had to drill through them. At the depth of 
 218 feet they found a stratum of cement rock 21 feet thick, and in this they 
 could drill about two feet per day. At 284 feet they struck the rounded 
 side of a granite boulder which their tools could not phase. In forcing the 
 tubing down it was bent and partly ilattened against this rock. Here was 
 the point where 99 men out of 100 would have given up, — but Mr. Titus 
 stuck to it with iron grit — invented tools to rasp away the side of that flinty 
 rock — kept up the unequal struggle at that abysmal depth for three weeks — 
 finally forced the passage and then in a short time reached a bed of sand 
 and gravel six feet lower, and here came the splendid flow of water above 
 described." 
 
 The " stratum of cement rock 21 feet thick," above mentioned as being 
 met with at 218 feet below the surface, is the eastern dip of the conglom- 
 erate formation which crops out as " Eagle Rock," three or four miles west 
 of Pasadena, and is again exposed by erosion at the mouth of San Rafael 
 [or Johnson's] creek opposite foot of Columbia street, and is seen low down 
 in east bank of the Arroyo Seco right across from the mouth of San Rafael 
 creek. 
 
 The next important artesian venture was that of E. F. Hurlbut on 
 South Orange Grove Avenue. In speaking of this the Pasadena Star of 
 April 10, 1889, said : 
 
 ' ' A looser formation was struck yesterday than the drill had been pass- 
 ing through for some time, but nothing else. At a depth of 480 feet the 
 first spring was struck .since leaving the surface water at a depth of sixty-six 
 feet. The water raised in the well twenty feet yesterday." 
 
57° HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The Pasadena Standard oi September 21, 1889, said : 
 
 " E. F. Hurlbut's well borers are down more than 900 feet, which is 
 
 very nearly to sea level, but no artesian flow 3'et. This is the deepest boring 
 
 ever made in this section of country. ' ' 
 
 In my geological report before the Science Association of Southern 
 California, in January, 1894, I gave the following account of this well : 
 
 "The boring made on E. F. Hurlbut's place on Orange Grove Avenue in 
 1889-90 was a truly heroic struggle of hope against hope and faith against 
 fate. It went down 13 10 feet without striking bed-rock — nothing but 
 boulders, .sand, gravel, etc. Water stood in the tube at sixty feet from the 
 surface, but ro.se no higher. The bore commenced ten inches in diameter, 
 and a few hundred feet down w^as reduced to six inches. The massive steel 
 drill, w^hich with its nece.ssary tackle, couplings, etc., was thirty feet long 
 and one-and-a-quarter tons weight, finally dropped aslant into a boulder cavity 
 and became inextricably fastened in one or more of three possible ways : 
 either by slant leverage against the walls of the cavity ; or by a slip or 
 crowding down of a large boulder upon it ; or by its own expan.sion from 
 . the increased temperature at that depth. My own opinion is that both of 
 the two la.st named cau,ses operated in the ca.se, and probably the fir.st aLso. 
 At any rate, five months were .spent in vain efforts to extricate that drill. A 
 two-inch hemp cable was broken ; then a one and one-fourth inch wire cable 
 was obtained, a hydraulic press lifter attached and worked up to a lifting 
 strain of 100 tons, wdien this powerful ware cable broke also; and the well 
 and tools had to be abandoned at last, with, of course, great loss to the con- 
 tractor, Mr. Charles E. Mosher, of Pasadena, besides about $10,000 loss to 
 Mr. Hurlbut, who wanted to go down at lea.st 2,000 feet, anywa}', before 
 giving up the project to get artesian water, or oil, or something." 
 
 In 1 89 1 Mr. Geo. S. Patton bored for artesian water in Mission canyon. 
 At a depth of fifty or sixty feet .some water had been found ; then a cla^' 
 dyke twenty-five to thirty feet in thickness was pas.sed through, and the 
 water already in the well disappeared. The boring w^as continued to a 
 depth of 200 feet, but no water obtained. In 1874-75 ^ well had been bored 
 on the east line of Mr. Shorb's place, below the bluff, with experience very 
 similar to that I have given of the Patton well. And about the same time 
 Mr. Mayberry had the same experience in boring for artesian water near the 
 "old mill." Mr. Patton had bored too far south to strike the water bed for 
 which the clay dyke served as a submerged dam, and the others were entirely 
 below the dyke. This clay dyke was the same bed of ' ' boulder clay ' ' first 
 discovered and recognized bj^ Judge Eaton in his water tunnel, in 1882, as 
 heretofore mentioned. And in Augu.st, 1894, Gervai.se Purcell cut through 
 it by a tunnel which he run for Mrs. Gov. Stoneman, in the lower part of 
 Oak Knoll canyon. Mr. Purcell ranks high as a hydraulic engineer ; and I 
 wrote him inquiring if he had met with this clay deposit at any other points 
 where it would seem to be a part of the same original bed or stratum. Here 
 is his reph' : 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal., January 19, 1895. 
 Dr. H. a. Rkid, — Dkak Sir : I have found the "boulder clay," as 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 57 1 
 
 you classify it, in a tunnel recently run by me on the old Miguel White 
 place, subsequently owned by James Foord, and now in the possession of E. 
 K. Alexander. This place lies immediatel}' east of the Winston rancho. 
 In this case it is largely- mixed with boulders, but very little sand or gravel. 
 When taken out it forms a glutinous, plastic mass, and is exceedingly fine, 
 so much so that when mixed with water it will pass through any crevice 
 that that liquid will. This deposit lies about forty-six feet below the surface, 
 and is uptilted so as to render the ground back of it impervious ; in fact, we 
 seem to be passing through the side of a bowl into a basin filled with a 
 mixture of this clay and boulders. I found no fossils. The nature of this 
 material here suggests very forcibly the truth of your theory that it is a clay 
 formed by the grinding together of large stones. Very truly yours, 
 
 Gervaise Purcell. 
 
 In 1892 Hon. J. De Barth Shorb bored an artesian well in the upper 
 part of Mill canyon, at the foot of Lake Avenue. He kept a 
 record of the number of feet passed through of each different kind 
 of material and preserved a sample of the material each time, in a long 
 case of little glass-covered boxes. This case is preserved at his great winery 
 four miles .south of Pasadena, where I spent the daj^ April 10, 1894, 
 examining its contents and giving name to each sample — for before this 
 the}' had remained unnamed ; the samples were there, with accompanying 
 figures, but no explanation or description whatever. And this is the first 
 and only complete geological section that I have learned of ever being pre- 
 .served, out of all the scores of wells that have been bored or dug within 
 Pasadenaland.* It is of much value and interest to geologists and hj^draulic 
 engineers, and also to any person who may contemplate sinking a well in 
 that region — hence I give it here : 
 
 No. OF Feet in 
 
 Samplk. Kind of Material. Thickness. 
 
 I. — Brown and gray fine gravel 11 
 
 2. — Sandy clay 40 
 
 3. — Coarse gray gravel 16 
 
 4. — Drab colored light clay — calcareous 13 
 
 5. — Coarse gray gravel 29 
 
 6. — Sandy clay 2 
 
 7. — Light colored granite 12 
 
 8. — Brownish fine sandy clay 2 
 
 9. — Brown sand and gravel 14 
 
 10. — Light colored sand and gravel 8 
 
 II. — Light snuff-colored sandy clay ' 6 
 
 12. — Fine gray gravel and sand 12 
 
 15. — Fine brown sand 6 
 
 14. — Coarser gray gravel and sand 38 
 
 15. — Brownish grit clay, slightly calcareous 2 
 
 16. — Light and brown gravel with sand 22 
 
 17. — SnufFcolored calcareous clay, with grit 6 
 
 i8. — Light colored fine gravel 6 
 
 19. — Brownish grit clay, slightly calcareous 2 
 
 20. — Coarse and fine light colored gravel 12 
 
 Total depth 259 
 
 * The looo-feet record giveu on page 552 was made over three years after this one by Mr. Shorb. 
 
572 HIvSTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 By former experience, Mr. Shorb had learned pretty nearly where the 
 clay d>-ke or dam lay, and took pains to sink this well above it so as to test 
 the permanent water level of the great underground basin. He then run a 
 tunnel from lower down the canyon so as to tap the well at a point consider- 
 ably below the permanent water level and thus obtain a liberal continuous 
 flow. He informs me that he has tapped twelve wells in this way at points 
 from ten to thirty-seven feet below their natural outflow, and in each case 
 obtained from ten to twenty per cent, more water. The Winston farm, next 
 east of Shorb' s, has some wells tapped in the .same way. Also the Heslope 
 place next north of Winston's. But this is only practicable along the line 
 of the glacial terrace and its clay dyke or submerged dam. 
 
 WATER TUNNELS. 
 
 From m}^ geological report in January, 1894, I quote this amusing bit 
 of tunnel history : 
 
 " In 1882 Judge B. S. Eaton tunneled into the basin rim at his place on 
 the South Pasadena blufi" and obtained a good flow of water. Then David 
 Raab run a tunnel on his land farther east and lower down than Katon's, 
 and got a flow of water ; but, lo ! Eaton's tunnel went dry. Raab then 
 sold this part of his land to Mr. Eightfoot and made another tunnel for 
 himself farther east and a little lower down, with the result that he obtained 
 water but Eightfoot's tunnel went dry. Next, H. D. Bacon made a tunnel 
 on his land, farther ea.st and lower down than Raab's, and got a good supply 
 of water, but Raab's tunnel went dry. And the Bacon tunnel remains yet, 
 being the one now owned by the Raymond Improvement Co. These 
 four successive tunnels all tapped the basin rim, the last one, however, being 
 lowest down and nearest the flowage bed of this local l^asin's natural storm- 
 wash outlet -the depression or gully which rises west of Grace Hill, cuts 
 across Columbia street, and debouches near Fair Oaks station on the Eos 
 Angeles Terminal railroad. For convenience I designate it as the "West 
 Basin gully." 
 
 The Valley Union of June 4, 1886, published a report which I made of 
 a great tunnel undertaking then in progress at the foot of Dry canj^on, and 
 for its historic interest I here quote it : 
 
 "Pasadena has the longest water tunnel in Eos Angeles county. This 
 tunnel is in the wash that forms the outlet from three water-bearing canyons, 
 Eas Flores, Rubio, and Dry canyon, but there is no flowing water in the 
 wa.sh except occasionally during the rainy season. More than a year ago a 
 prospecting shaft was dug by Dolben and Watkins, forty feet deep, which 
 yielded five feet of water and kept to that depth all summer. They then 
 went about 1950 feet down the wash and started the tunnel, in July, 18S5, at 
 a level 1 20 feet lower than the bottom of their prospect shaft. The work 
 has gone steadily forward since that time, and the tunnel is now in about 
 1050 feet from its mouth, in a line so straight that a man at the inner end 
 with a good rifle could shoot a rabbit outside. The j^assage is three feet 
 wide at base, and twenty inches at top, and five and a half feet high clear 
 space inside of arch posts. Three air .shafts have already been dug to con- 
 nect with the tunnel from the surface ; but the first one has been passed and 
 closed ; the second one is now in use both for ventilation and to hoist out 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 573 
 
 debris ; the third one has not been brought into use yet, but will be entered 
 in a week or so by tunnelers, who will work from its bottom both ways, one 
 gang excavating toward the prospect shaft, and the other gang toward a 
 junction with the passage already made ; and it is calculated that two more 
 air-shafts will be necessary before they reach their water limit. The whole 
 passage has been made through a bed of boulders, sand and gravel, with a 
 little yellow clay mixed in, and man}^ of the boulders are so large that they 
 cannot be got out at all but must be drilled and blasted in order to clear a 
 passage. The theory of this great enterprise is, that at or near their pros- 
 pect shaft they will strike the sloping bed-rock of the mountain base, and 
 thus undertap the percolation of the whole water-bearing stratum above the 
 bed of the tunnel, which will be 160 feet below the surface at that point. 
 The prospect shaft alread}^ penetrates five feet of the w^ter-beariug stratum, 
 and how much thicker that stratum is can onh^ be determined by the 
 philosophy of pick and drill. If they meet the bed-rock as anticipated, then 
 they have right-of-way to cross-cut for several hundred feet both east and 
 west, thus making lateral catch basins that will turn flowing streams into 
 the outlet tunnel from both ways. The whole scheme is a gigantic experi- 
 ment, based on a few known facts, and some unproved theories that look 
 very plausible. But it costs a mint of money and a vast deal of pluck to 
 make such a bold problemetical venture ; and it is to be hoped that it will 
 prove even a greater success than the projectors have reckoned on. The 
 famous Bacon ranch tunnel, near where the S. G. V. railroad crosses Fair 
 Oaks Avenue in South Pasadena, is 675 feet long, but this new one will be 
 more than four times as long, counting its lateral feeders. ' ' 
 
 Sad to sa}^ this great enterprise proved an entire failure ; and the 3,000 
 feet tunnel lies there, dry and worthless, to rivet and clinch the name of 
 ' ' Dry canyon . ' ' 
 
 There are seven or eight tunnels connected with the Rubio canyon and 
 Echo Mountain water supply. Two, I think, in Pine canyon, four in I^as 
 Flores canyon, and others in Eaton canyon, Millard canyon, and in banks 
 of the Arroyo Seco and its tributaries ; also at Linda Vista, and Henniger's 
 flat, etc. — besides those in the Glacial Terrace — a total of about fifty water 
 tunnels within Pasadenaland in 1S94. Some of the.se are further mentioned 
 in connection with histor}' of the water companies to which they belong. 
 
 October 10, 1891, a Board of Trade committee consisting of J. A. Bu- 
 chanan, J. W. Scoville, A. J. Painter and James Craig made a report on 
 Pasadena's water supply, from which I quote this passage, as printed in the 
 weekly Star of October 14 : 
 
 " From the state engineer's report it is ascertained that the water avail- 
 able for use in this vicinity, estimated for the dry season of dry years, is as 
 follows : 
 
 Sheep Corral springs 60 miner's inches 
 
 Ivy, Thibbets, and Flutterwheel springs 100 miner's inches 
 
 Painter's system 10 miner's inches 
 
 Millard canyon 7 miner's inches 
 
 lyas Flores can3^on 10 miner's inches 
 
 Rubio canyon 15 miner's inches 
 
 Eaton canyon 40 miner's inches 
 
 Total 244 miner's inches 
 
 A miner's inch of water is equal to a flow of nine gallons per minute. 
 [See page 414 ; and foot note, page 421.] 
 
574 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 GLACIAL TKRRACE. 
 
 The following correspondence will briefly explain what local points and 
 featnres are comprehended under this general term, and why : 
 
 Office Pasadena History Co., 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., August 21, 1894. 
 Prof. A. J. McClatc/iie, Botanist Throop Polytechnic Institute : 
 
 Dear Sir — Answering your inquiry as to local names of certain points 
 rich in native flora, I respectfully submit the following : That i)eculiar and 
 characteristic range of water-bearing bluffs from Raymond Hill eastward to 
 San Marino, I have, for geological rea.sons, designated as the "Glacial Ter- 
 race" group of .spring brooks and canyons. It comprises Raymond creek 
 and canyon, [formerly called in Spanish, Arroyo San Pasqual]; Los Robles 
 brook and canyon, bordering Mr. J. I{. Jardine's place ; Oak Knoll brook 
 and canyon, which joins Los Robles brook at Willowdale and forms the 
 "Mill Spring Creek" of the Mi.s.sion Fathers; Mill Creek and canyon, 
 which rises at the foot of Lake Avenue and runs directly down to Wilson 
 lake, but its waters were also led by a ditch into their old stone mill by the 
 Mission Fathers; Wilson's canyon, which rises at the foot of Wilson 
 Avenue and runs down to B. D. Wilson's old original Lake Vineyard ranch 
 bams and house, now known as the Patton place — this being the one where 
 the Biology department of the Throop Polytechnic Institute has chiefly pro- 
 cured fresh frogs for dissection and micro.scopic study ; Mi.s.sion canyon, (al.so 
 called "Wild Grape canyon") the longest and largest one of the .series, 
 famed for the abundance and fine quality of its wild grapes ; and San 
 Marino canyon, bordering San Marino ranch, Hon. J. De Barth Shorb's ele- 
 gant residence grounds. Seven distinct water-way canyons, besides some 
 unnamed tributary brooklets, all within a space of two miles ; and I suppose 
 the native flora of this entire series or group of spring streams is substan- 
 tially the same. Yours very truly, H. A. Reid. 
 
 To Prof. McClatchie : The above having been submitted to me. If 
 will say, that from my knowledge of glacial phenomena, and my observa- 
 tions in the region referred to. I consider "Glacial Terrace " an appropriate 
 name to indicate the character of the geological formations found there, and 
 also a fitting and convenient local designation for that peculiar range of bluffs 
 taken as a whole. Respectfully, J. B. French. 
 
 I should here explain further, that the Glacial Terrace really commences 
 at Columbia Hill, and extends eastward clear to the outwash of Eaton can- 
 yon, beyond Lamanda Park; and the "West Basin gully" from the Col- 
 umbia .street water-.shed, and "Craig Avenue .swale " on the eastern border 
 of Pasadena territory, are both outlets of our geological liasin, yet are not 
 large enough to berated as canyons while the first named one does not 
 produce a spring brook, and the last named produces its brook or creek be- 
 yond our Pasadena territory. These are the reasons why they were not 
 named in the above document. Prof. McClatchie wished to know the his- 
 toric names and a.ssociations of the.se densely -verdured water-bearing can- 
 yons — for .sometimes botanical specimens were found in one canyon which 
 did not occur in others. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 575 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 Zoology. — Prof. Holder's Account and List of our Native Mammals ; also of Extinct 
 Animals. — ^Joseph Grinnell's Account and List of Birds. — Will H. Wakeley's Speci- 
 mens. — The Editor's own account of Reptiles and Insects. 
 
 NATIVE MAMMALS OF PASADENALAND. 
 
 In 1886 Prof. C. F. Holder, LL. D., was engaged by the Board of 
 Trade to furnish literary and scientific articles to eastern and northern news- 
 papers, on such matters in and abotit Pasadena as he could utilize, and thus 
 bring this city extensively before the reading public abroad.-'' The Union 
 of October 30 published a list of his writings under this engagement, which 
 numbered a total at that time of eighty-four articles furnished by him to the 
 press of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Sati Francisco, and various New 
 England cities. He also made contributions to the local press of Pasadena 
 and Los Angeles up to 1889. Among these writings are his descriptions 
 of the native animals here ; and from these I make the following extracts : 
 
 f-^" 
 
 From " Land of Sunshine," August, 1,S9^' 
 JACK RABBIT ON THE JUMP. 
 
 The Jack Rabbit, which is properly a hare, and is known to science 
 as Lepus Californiais. The hares never burrow, forming nests upon the 
 surface in the grass and there rearing their young, while the cotton tail 
 forms a deep burrow, after the fashion of all rabbits. The hare of New 
 Mexico, Arizona and Texas, also called the "Jack Rabbit," is a different 
 species, (Z,. Callotis,^ though to the casual observer there is little difference. 
 
 Kangaroo Rat. — One evening at Las Casitas, near Pasadena, I saw 
 in the dim light a curious object hopping along, which I found to be one of 
 the queer jumping mice, so called, an animal known scientifically as Dipo- 
 
 * For list of Prof. Holder's published volumes, see page 224. 
 
57^ HISTDRY OF PASADENA. ' 
 
 domys. It was a most attractive creature, almost as large as a small rat, of 
 beautiful fawn color, with white beneath, a long tufted tail with a white 
 stripe on the side, large expressive eyes, and long powerful legs for leaping. 
 It looked like a miniature kangaroo, and my captive had a pouch, — two, in 
 fact, one each side of the jaw. The little creature had been feeding and its 
 pouches were filled with ver}^ small seeds which it was storing up to eat at 
 leisure. It hopped along nearly like a kangaroo, sitting up when alarmed, 
 then leaping a foot or more, using its short fore feet to aid in the motion, 
 in its general appearance carrying out its popular name of kangaroo rat.* 
 The form common about Pasadena is Dipodomys Pliillipsi. 
 
 Gopher. — Few in California but are familiar with the gopher {ireomys) 
 and have not watched with amazement gallons of valuable water disappear 
 in the holes of these tyrants of the garden. The gopher tunnels in every 
 direction, and the entire upper surface of the valley, especially the cultiva- 
 ted portion, is permeated with a maze of their making. Like the kangaroo 
 rat, they have two pouches, one on each side of the mouth, and ^o large 
 that two fingers can be pressed into them. The earth is pushed up out of 
 the hole by the feet and breast of the animal, but the chief use of the pouch 
 is to store up food, which is eaten at leisure in the burrow^ The gopher is 
 very sly and cunning, and rarely ventures out if any one is near. The nest 
 of the gopher is in a room near the surface, and the young, queer little 
 fellows, are often thrown out hy the plow. The long burrows are made in 
 excursions for choice roots, and perhaps for social and various purposes. 
 [This creature is also called " pouched rat." — Edr.] 
 
 Tree Rat. — The stroller in the canyons often sees bunches of leaves 
 and twigs, bound together so tightly that it is sometimes difficult to tear 
 them apart. Frequently they are in trees, again are in bushes near the 
 ground. [Two different species. (?)] Coming suddenly upon one, you may 
 see a little creature darting away, resembling a rat. It is po-ssibl)^ the dusky- 
 footed wood rat {Neotoma fuscipes), and the bunch of leaves is its nest, 
 which, being above the surface of the ground, gives rise to the saying that 
 California rats live in trees. One opened by me in a branch of the Arroyo 
 vSeco, after considerable labor, showed much method in its structure. The 
 nest was at least three feet high, resting between the limbs of a tree, touch- 
 ing the ground ; the upper twelve inches was made up of leaves and refuse 
 packed together so closely that it formed a perfectly water-tight roof ; then 
 came a large room filled with at least an armful of plant fiber and other soft 
 material, all of the consistence of cotton, as dry and warm as could be de- 
 sired. .This was the nest, the sleeping room and the nursery of tlie young. 
 This rested on a flooring of leaves, and beneath was a store-room containing 
 at least two quarts of large acorns, among which I noticed several corn cobs, 
 evidently taken from a house some distance away. The entire nest was per- 
 meated by four or five passages, there being at least three exterior doors, 
 while a lower or cellar door led into a burrow in the ground, which, in turn, 
 had another opening fifteen feet away. This nest, I think, was unusual, as 
 many more opened failed to show the system and good arrangement dis- 
 
 *V'ati Dyke calls this animal the "jumping motise or jcrbo.i, often called kangaroo mouse." lie 
 aKo mentions four other varieties of mice found here, to wit : A loii(j-taile<l pround mouse, a short- 
 tailed grouiKl mouse, a tree mouse, and a desert mouse, somewhat Nquirrel-like in appearance and mo- 
 tion, as it runs with great speed and occasional high jumps; it lives mostly in clumps or patches of 
 the prickly pear cactus. These five varieties of mice he classifies entirely separate from the rats. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 577 
 
 played by this wood rat of the Arroyo Seco.* While they are extremely 
 timid, they take the most remarkable liberties around human habitations at 
 night. In one case they removed some seeds from a box and placed them 
 on a table, so that the owner began to grow superstitious about the singular 
 changes that took place in the night. In another case a wood rat took corn 
 from a bag and half filled the boot leg of a teamster before morning. 
 
 Squirrels. — Of the squirrels, we have the beautiful gray form with 
 fox-like tail, of the upper range, found clinging to the sycamore and other 
 trees, in the canyons ; and the degenerate ground-squirrel of every vacant 
 lot — nature's plow-man, upturning the earth, admitting air and water, so 
 possibly doing some good. This creature, with its voice like the clink of a 
 blaster's hammer, is found everywhere in the vicinity of man's habitation, 
 and is a purely ground form, rarely ascending trees more than eight or ten 
 feet. Some people esteem it a table delicacy, and it probably constituted a 
 prominent feature of the Indian diet in olden times. f There is also a small 
 squirrel {Spermophihis spilosoma) occasionally seen, resembling the chip- 
 munk of the East. 
 
 Speaking of the squirrels of Southern California, Van Dyke says : 
 " Above an elevation of 4,000 feet is a gray squirrel, apparently the 
 same as the one found East, though its habits and bark are quite different 
 from those of the latter. At five or six thousand feet is found a thick-set, 
 bob-tailed, striped sided chip munk, about twice the size of the eastern 
 chip munk. It climbs but little, living in the ground and in holes in the 
 rocks and fallen trees. At about the same elevation is sometimes found a 
 squirrel of about the same size, build, and activity as the red squirrel of the 
 East, but of a dull gray color. But the most common squirrel is the ground- 
 squirrel, found mainly in the lowlands, generally in open ground, and dis- 
 appearing at five or six thousand feet, or in very heavy timber. It is about 
 the size of the gray squirrel, but built a trifle heavier behind. Its color is 
 a dirty gray, lightly mottled. Its tail is neither so long, nor so heavily clad 
 with hair as that of the gray squirrel. * * These ground squirrels, 
 with the whole rat, mouse, gopher and hare tribe, can live without water. 
 A dry winter, however, stops their increase, as it does that of the bees, 
 hares, and valley quails. They seem to know there will be a scarcity of 
 food. In such 3^ears no young are seen, and in the latter part of the season 
 even the old ones disappear, becoming dormant, and awaiting in their holes 
 the rains of the next winter." 
 
 Mole. — I have seen only one species of the mole here, but in all proba- 
 bility there are several. Their upturned ridges may often be seen after a 
 rain, when they forage for the worms which constitute their chief food. The 
 
 *Van Dyke gives three species or varieties of native rat, to wit ; The large wood rat, which 
 builds both above and below ground at foot of tree or bush, as Prof. Holder has fully described ; but 
 also a smaller one which builds its nests well up in trees. Over eleven years ago I saw some of these 
 in Wilson canyon that were twenty five feet or more abave ground. A third variety that lives entirely 
 underground, and makes no nest above. 
 
 1 1 with others, both ladies and gentlemen, tried ground-squirrel meat, both stewed and fr-ed, 
 while camping on Wilson's peak, and found it really more tender, juicj' and palatable than the timber 
 squirrel, of which latter we had plenty, also. Yet I had always been told by the old settlers that these 
 ground squ rrels were not fit to eat — that they had a rattj' quality and tasted of the ground, etc., — all of 
 which was purely imaginary. Early in 1893 a curious ground .squirrel was caught at Eagle Rock val- 
 ley and brought to W. H. Wakeley, the taxidermist of Pasadena, who secured and mounted the specimen 
 as a rare liisiis naturae. The right upper incisor had grown and curved inward until it formed a complete 
 circle and came out at the top of the skull through the middle partition ; while the left incisor made a 
 similar curve, 2 }4 iuches long, but veered sideways so that it turned up outside of the mouth. The 
 tushes of the lower jaw were % inch long. I saw the specimen and measured it myself at Wakeley's 
 Noveltj' Works, in June, 1894. — Edr. 
 
 37 
 
578 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 e)^e ol the mole has, from disuse, degenerated to some extent, but it is by no 
 means useless, as is generally supposed. Moles should not be destroyed, as 
 they annually kill vast numbers of insects injurious to vegetation. It has 
 been estimated that a single mole will destroy 20,000 insects in a year. 
 
 Of the animals referred to above, the squirrels, rabbits, rats, kangaroo 
 rat, and gopher belong to the order of Rodents, or gnawing animals. The 
 Mole and its allies belong to another group, the Insectivora. 
 
 Bats. — We have about Pasadena several species, but perhaps the most 
 interesting and conspicuous form is a long-eared bat, Macrotiis Califomicus, 
 with an expanse of wing of nearly eighteen inches, a long head, and 
 prominent almond-shaped ears. My first acquaintance with this little 
 creature was in the mountains. 1 was awakened by what I thought was a 
 draught blowing over my face. Again it came a .soft breeze lasting for a 
 second, and I realized that a large bat was flying around the room. The 
 bats here have the advantage of those farther north. The latter hibernate 
 or go into winter quarters in November and lie dormant until the return of 
 insect life in the spring. During this time they eat nothing, and nearlj^ all 
 the functions of life are at a standstill ; the Pasadena bats, on the contrary, 
 living in an exceptional climate, enjo}^ life at night all the year round. 
 
 A small bat {scotophihis hesperus) with an expanse of about seven 
 inches, is common here, while vespcrtilo nitidiis is another small form. All 
 these are insect eaters, living on the nocturnal insects. During the daytime 
 the bats creep into dark places — chimneys, holes in trees, old roofs, caves 
 and crevices in the rocks. 
 
 Civet Cat. — One of the most attractive of the carnivora about Pasa- 
 dena is the little animal known as the civet cat, "Pacific cat," and other 
 names, and to the Mexicans as " Caca-mixtli " or rush cat. To science it is 
 Bassaris, the species being known as astuta and swnichra ti\ and is the 
 American representative of the Nasiia, and clo.sely allied to the coon. It 
 looks not unlike a cat, but has large ears and a fine, long, many-ringed tail. 
 The little animal is nocturnal in its habits and gives little or no evidence of 
 its agility during the day, but at night is literally as playful as a kitten. It 
 feeds upon birds and small animals, and has been a puzzle to .systematists, 
 who yet dispute as to its proper place in the scale of life. 
 
 Note. — This so-called "civet cat" is such an exceptional little animal, 
 being unknown in the Eastern States, that I will give more space to its con- 
 sideration. The following article from the Los Angeles Times has a local 
 historic interest, and at the same time illustrates what Prof. Holder says 
 about the animal being " a puzzle to systematists :" 
 
 Pasadena. Aug. 31, 1893. — (To the editor of The Timcs.~) There is 
 a question of "civet-cat or coon " (?) at Hotel Rubio, the solution of which 
 will be of intere.st to all lovers of beautiful wild animals. For a week or 
 more .some very cunning wild animal had been depredating the pantry, and 
 especially feasting on fresh fruits kept in store. But on Monday night it was 
 caught unhurt in a box trap, and put into a large wire cage for exhibition. 
 It is one of the prettiest wild animals known in California zoology. Dr. 
 Reid of Pasadena pronounced it a California coon, but others present said 
 Thaddeus Lowe, Jr., had told them it was a civet-cat. Thus the local 
 doctors of zoology differed, and, as usual, some sided with one and some 
 with the other. The fact is, however, that l)oth gentlemen were a little 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 579 
 
 right, and both a little wrong. Prof. Tenney in his work on zoology calls it 
 "civet-cat — Bassafis as^u^a," and remsLrks : "Animals somewhat raccoon- 
 like in form. One species is found from Texas to California, and is about 
 the size of the domestic cat, but more slender ; its color above is brownish 
 yellow mixed with gray beneath ; the tail is white and has six or eight 
 black rings. It is arboreal, easily tamed, and a favorite pet with the 
 miners. ' ' 
 
 But now the Century Encyclopedia pictures the same animal and calls 
 it "Ring-tailed Bassaris," with this remark in the descriptive text : "Re- 
 sembling the raccoon in some respects, but slenderer. * * Most nearly 
 related to the raccoons {Procyonidae), having some superficial resemblance 
 to the civets and genets." 
 
 Thus it will be seen how easily Dr. Reid and Mr. Lowe might differ in 
 naming the animal, and yet both be right. The pretty creature really 
 seems to combine in itself characteristics of the fox, the raccoon, and the 
 lemur, with feline qualities least of all. It has been called locally in Cali- 
 fornia by such names as California coon, mountain coon, coon-cat, and civet- 
 cat, yet it is not a " cat " at all, either in face, skull, feet or preferred diet ; 
 and it is such a pretty and harmless creature that Prof. Lowe ought not to 
 allow them to be killed within the bounds of his great mountain electric 
 railway and bridle-road circuits. One Who Has Been There. 
 
 Prof. Holder speaks of it as being ' ' the American representative of the 
 Nasua [Coati].* And Nicholson's Zoology says they "present a singularly 
 close resemblance to the lemurs of the old world, and appear to be their 
 representatives in the western hemisphere. * * They are in some respects 
 intermediate between the raccoons and the civets." 
 
 Raccoon. — The black-footed raccoon {Procyon hernandezW) is our 
 neighbor, and that he is too neighborly sundry chicken owners can testify, 
 while Mr. Rosenbaum tells me that they venture up to his pond or aquarium 
 and have occasional nightly feasts upon his large carp. They hide during 
 the day in the underbrush of the Arroyo, sallying out at night seeking 
 whom they may devour. The Arroyo raccoons are famous fighters, and one 
 that Mr. Bandini's hounds cornered seized one of the dogs by the claw, 
 clinging like a bulldog, though beset by the entire pack, and only relin- 
 quished its hold when shot through the head by Mr. Bandini. 
 
 Skunk. — One of the most attractive of Pasadena animals is the striped 
 little skunk. We have two species : One as large as a cat (^Mephitis occi- 
 deniales), which I have occasionally met in the bush, and a smaller one 
 about as large as a weasel though much stouter, the little striped skunk 
 {^Spilogale putorius). The latter is a most beautiful and attractive creature. 
 A gentleman in this city told me that for a long time the family was aston- 
 ished at singular noises in the hou.se, as if .some one was running about 
 overhead, scampering, falling and sliding. A sudden rush would be made 
 for the room and nothing found. Finally, one of the ladies crept up stairs 
 one night and opening the door softly, found the culprit — a striped skunk. 
 The little fellow had a rubber ball and was playing with it, chasing it about 
 and rolling over and over like a cat. How it got in was a mystery. A 
 friend of the writer, in Los Angeles, caught three of these creatures in his 
 
 ' Nasuinae — a sub-family of Pvocyonidae ; coatis. Nasita." — Standard Dictionary, 1895. 
 
580 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 house in the heart of the city. They do no harm (if not disturbed) and 
 undoubtedly drive out the rats and mice. Many farmers in the valley keep 
 them in their barns for this purpose. 
 
 Badger. — In strolling over the country one occasionally comes upon 
 this curious flat animal, strongly marked with black and white. It is so 
 very flat that it is easilj^ overlooked, and might readily be taken for a rock. 
 The American badger {Taxidca Americana) has a wide range, all over the 
 middle and northern portion of the continent, and is particularly common 
 here. It is terrestial and fassorial in its habits, a clumsy creature, with an 
 enormous development of claws, enabling it to dig and burrow at an aston- 
 ishing rate. The badger lives on small animals of various kinds, but is not 
 averse to varying its diet when the former are .scarce. It devours every- 
 thing, from a wasp's nest to a snake, when pressed. The nest is the bur- 
 row, where from four to six young are brought out in the spring. The 
 badger has no enemies here except man, and as there is little or no demand 
 for their skins, thej^ are increasing rapidly. One of the oldest sports in 
 Europe is badger baiting, the animal making a fierce fight. The Pasadena 
 animal when cornered will make a good fight, and easily escape from an un- 
 armed man. 
 
 Weasel. — Often in riding or walking along in the low brush I have 
 startled a long, slender, snake-like little creature, w^hich darts away with re" 
 markable velocity, filling the air with a pungent odor, disagreeable to the 
 dogs. It is the weasel {Piitorius), a reddish chestnut brown above, and 
 lighter beneath. It preys upon small animals of various kinds, and is very 
 pugnacious. Hawks sometimes pounce down upon it, realizing too late 
 their mistake, the weasel fastening its sharp teeth in the throat, and finally 
 becoming the victor though carried a long distance from home. The weasel 
 burrows, forming a small inconspicuous hole. The ferret belongs to this 
 group, and a number have been introduced on the vSan Rafael ranch to drive 
 out the squirrels. Two, possibly three, species of weasels are found in this 
 vicinity. 
 
 Note. — These weasels are called Mustela by our Spanish-speaking citi- 
 zens. Mr. Arturo Bandini relates that in July, 1889, he witnessed in Wil- 
 son canyon a fight between a weasel and a red racer. The weasel had 
 seized the snake by the back of its neck, so that it could not bite him, and 
 held his grip in spite of the snake's frantic endeavors to whip, or whisk or 
 shake him off. Finally, it coiled itself around and around the weasel's 
 body, and tried to squeeze it to death ; meanwhile he could hear the gritting 
 noise of the weasel's teeth in action, then presently there was a sort of 
 click or snapping noise, and the snake, making one convulsive flop, fell 
 over limp and dead. The weasel had gnawed away till he had completely 
 bitten through and severed its backbone at the neck. — Ed. 
 
 Mountain Eion. — One of the finest animals, as regards general appear- 
 ance and bearing, found in this vicinity, is the mountain lion. Its wide 
 geographical range lends it an additional interest, it being found from the 
 Straits of Magellan to Canada, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific on both 
 continents. In the eastern states, especially New York, it is the panther — 
 the old Adirondack guides in telling me stories of its prowess, calling it the 
 "painter." In New England it is the catamount; in I'lorida, the cougar ; 
 
Division kight — science;. 581 
 
 in South America, the puma, carcajou, or quinquajou. It varies but little in 
 appearance in all these localities, when in good condition being a fine-look- 
 ing cat, resembling to some extent the female Asiatic lion, and well de- 
 serving the name, Leon del Monte, that is given it in Southern California. It 
 is the largest cat in North America proper, a formidable animal when cor- 
 nered, and in many localities a menace to the farmer. Many stories are 
 told of its ferocity in attacking man, but after much investigation I never 
 could learn of but one instance where it had deliberately attacked a human 
 being. A typical mountain lion stands about two feet at the shoulder, often 
 more ; is from five feet to five feet six from the snout to the root of the tail, 
 and weighs one hundred and fifty pounds. Its color is like that of the lion, 
 a reddish hue, light below ; its movements leonine, or cat-like. In compar- 
 ing it to the cat tribe in general, the head is seen to be smaller in proportion 
 to the body than others, except the leopard. The fact that this animal has 
 such a wide geographical range has given rise to the belief that there are 
 several species, but Felis concolor is the one found so extensively over North 
 and South America. In Northern California it attains its greatest perfec- 
 tion, and the Indians believe that it makes a .successful fight against the 
 grizzly, and when pressed by hunger is known to be extremely savage. In 
 this southern section of the state it is generally confined to the mountains, 
 and is sometimes met on the trails. One was killed near the sheep corral 
 south of the Raymond last year, Mr. H. N. Rust securing the skin. At 
 least two were killed on the Wilson trail ; and one visited the town of San 
 Gabriel this last winter [i 888-1 889] and was followed several days by the 
 tracks. 
 
 lyYNX. — Others of the cat tribe in this vicinity are at least two var- 
 ieties of the lynx ; one which we know as the wild cat, though properly a 
 lynx {Lyfix -Hiaculatus) , and another larger form occasionally killed by Mr. 
 Bandini. The common lynx caught here in the wild-cat hunts is the 
 former, the "Gato monte " of the Mexicans and Spaniards, the " No-me " 
 of the Yuma Indians, and "Chimbi" of other Indians of this state. A 
 typical specimen in the possession of the writer, obtained through the 
 courtesy of Mr. Arturo Bandini, measures two feet seven inches from the 
 tip of the tail to the nose ; the tail being five inches in length. Bandini, 
 who probably kills more of these animals in the course of the year than any 
 one on the coast, has seen larger ones. The lynx varies so in color in dif- 
 ferent parts of the country that it is difiicult to determine the species. 
 Mivart includes all our species under one head, Lynx borealis, but any one 
 who has seen our Pasadena lynx or wild cat and a Canada lynx side by side 
 would notice a decided external difference. The lynx that attacked Mr. 
 Bandini some months ago, was in all probability what is recognized by nat- 
 uralists as the Red lynx {Felix rupa), while our ordinary wild cat is the 
 spotted lynx {Lynx ^naculata). The lynx or wild cat is extremely common 
 here, making its home in the greasewood brush and in the canyons. It 
 preys upon small animals of all kinds, and does not hesitate to enter the 
 hen-house, and when cornered will attack man or beast. The lynx encoun- 
 tered by Mr. Bandini sprang at his throat with great ferocity, ripping his 
 clothes with its sharp claws, and ultimately escaping. When followed by 
 hounds here, the cat takes to a tall tree, usually a sycamore, and will, when 
 pushed, leap from fifty to sixty feet down, landing perhaps on its springy 
 cushions, and dashing away from the hounds with remarkable speed, to be 
 treed again, and ultimately die in a desperate encounter with the dogs. The 
 
582 tTI«iTORV OF PASABRNA. 
 
 spotted lynx about Pasadena has, if taken at the right time, a fine skin, 
 making an attractive rug. Mr. Bandini has the finest collection of these 
 skins probably in the country, all taken by his fox hounds, either in 
 the Arroyo or Wilson's pasture near his home.-'- 
 
 Fox. — As I write I have a gray fox, from mountains back of Pasa- 
 dena, by my side, growling an audible protest at the writing-up process. It 
 is the California representative of the gray fox ; a creature al)out twenty-two 
 inches long from the nose to the root of the tail, the latter being about fif- 
 teen inches in length — a fine brush with a distinct black line upon the up- 
 per surface. It is very timid, yet can be trained, and eats out of my hand. 
 It is a remarkable climber, jumping into an orange tree and ascending to 
 the top with all the ease of a cat, and then biting off the branches to make 
 a comfortable place to rest. In hunting this fox in the Arroyo with the 
 hounds, it often misleads the dogs by leaping into a tree and by jumping 
 from limb to limb and passing over the masses of vines, making its escape. 
 The fox in my possession is a most expert climber, and will balance himself 
 upon a narrow plank-edge with all the skill of a cat, and is a most interest- 
 ing little creature. Mr. Charles Winston owns one that is so tame that it 
 plays with the dog, and seems to be thoroughly domesticated. f 
 
 From ' Liiml of Suiisliinc October, 1895. 
 A YOUNG COYOTE- PHOTO FROM LIFE. 
 
 This is the most artistically successful and perfect portrait of our native coyote [pronounced 
 co-yoh-ty] that has ever been obtained. The subtlety of character-expression in that slj", waggish 
 countenance is a study for Shakespeare or Dickens. 
 
 ♦This was in 1889. Since that, worms and insects got into Mr. Handini's rare and valuable collec- 
 tion of lynx skins, and destroyed them. 
 
 tVan Dyke says: "The rod fo.x is abundant, though snialkr than the red fox ol the .Xtlantic 
 states, and lias a grayer coat " I think then- is b>it the one variety or species here, although it is called 
 by suili (liferent names as mountain fox, coast fox, silver-gray lox, red fox, etc., all referring to the 
 same animal. — Kd. 
 
DivivSioN e;ight — science;. 
 
 583 
 
 Coyote. — The coyote {canis latra?is) is to America what the jackal is 
 to the old world, a sly, predatory, lowland wolf, hunting either singly or in 
 bands, fleet of foot, hard to kill, the familiar of every portion of the western 
 country. During the day the coyote remains in the canyons, in the Arro^-o 
 and the main range, but as soon as night sets in, their demoniac laughing- 
 bark can be heard, setting the dogs in the neighborhood wild. Knowing 
 that it can outrun the average dog, the coyote strolls up into the town, trots 
 down Orange Grove Avenue and through the orange groves, after plunder. 
 They venture into the very heart of the town, being seen on Marengo 
 Avenue and in various localities thickly settled. As morning approaches, 
 they start for the Arroyo and the foot-hills. I have seen them lying on the 
 slopes of the high hills south of Ramona during the day, and their wonder- 
 ful speed has often tested the powers of Mr. Shorb's fine gray and stag 
 hounds. In one run, the coyote was followed from the top of the range at 
 least a mile and a half before it was caught, and then made a most savage 
 fight, wounding every dog in the pack, and badly injuring the best dog. 
 The coyote will rarely attack a larger animal than itself, but when caught 
 or cornered it makes a valiant fight. The coyote burrows on the hill sides, 
 forming a subterranean nest, where its young are produced. It preys upon 
 various small animals, and is a veritable scavenger, eating anything it can 
 find or steal. The coyote belongs to the same genus as the common dog, 
 and the difference between the skulls of the two is very slight.* They are 
 readily tamed, and Mr. Bandini informs me that he had one which ran with 
 a pack of hounds unmolested. 
 
 Mountain Deer. — In wandering in the 
 low brush of our hill sides, or the deep, well- 
 wooded canyons of the upper range, the stroller 
 often sees for a fleeting moment a vision of long, 
 pointed ears, bright, lustrous eyes, then a crash 
 is heard, and the black -tailed deer is away, find- 
 ing its way through the seemingly impenetrable 
 scrub with remarkable ease and celerity. This 
 little creature {Cervus Cohimbianus) is very com- 
 mon among our hills and mountains. The black- 
 tailed deer may be considered a purely mountain 
 form, loving the thickly-wooded slopes, and the 
 lofty ridges of the upper range. It equals the 
 Virginia deer in size, often exceeding it, and 
 antler arrangement, the horns being what 
 dichotomous, or arranged in double pairs. 
 Virginia deer, and is not so fleet. The rutting season is usually in Septem- 
 ber, the horns being cast in March, and perfect again in August. The 
 young number one or two, and are attractive little creatures, spotted like 
 the young of many of the tribe. The black-tailed deer is easily distinguish- 
 able from the mule deer by its smaller size, its jet-black tail, and the dusky 
 horse-shoe mark on the forehead. 
 
 Mule Deer. — The mule deer {Cariaciis macrotis) undoubtedly ranges the 
 whole Sierra series, and Judge Eaton has in recent years described a variety 
 
 has 
 is 
 It 
 
 Old deer 
 trail in Mil. 
 lard Can- 
 yon , above 
 the Giddings 
 farm. 
 
 an entirely different 
 
 known as doubly 
 
 is stouter than the 
 
 *The coyote is almost identical with the wild dogs of Assyria and Palestine spoken of so frequently 
 in the Bible, and with the Dingo or wild dog of Australia. The aborigines of our Santa Barbara islands 
 had domesticated it. Chas. F. Lummis writes : " Coyote is one of the Aztec words adopted into Span- 
 ish. . . Its original form was coyo//." 
 
584 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 of this species from the Southern Cahfornia mountains. The mule deer is 
 more commonly found in the mountains of the north, and is, next to the 
 elk, the largest American deer. It is a particularly ungraceful creature ; 
 its stocky form and long ears calling to mind the animal from which it 
 derives its name. Its color is ashy brown, assuming a grayish hue in 
 winter ; the legs are yellowish, while down the back there is a distinct black 
 stripe. The ears are eight inches long and very conspicuous ; the buttocks 
 white and the glands of the hind legs large. As might be supposed, the 
 animal is slower than the black-tailed deer. The rutting season is in 
 October, the horns being cast in March. The young, generally one, is of 
 a pale yellowish tint with white spots. Like the black-tailed deer, it is a 
 mountain form, rarely being found in low country away from the locality of 
 its choice. 
 
 Antelope. — While the antelope and big-horn are not found in the San 
 Gabriel valley, the big-horn sheep {ovis montana), one of the finest game 
 animals in the world, has been shot in sight of Pasadena ; two specimens 
 were taken upon the slopes of Old Baldy last season [1888], Mr. Carr having 
 the head of one. The big-horn is the ally of the wild sheep of Asia Minor. 
 Several parties have been made up in Pasadena to follow the antelope or 
 prong-horn, the last being organized by Dr. Rowland ; the sport of chasing 
 the nimble animals at full speed and shooting them on the dead run being 
 described as very exciting. The prong-horn {antelocapra Aniet'icana) is the 
 only antelope in America and is undoubtedly as swift as many of the African 
 forms. In former years it was found in this country in vast herds, but the 
 advance of lot stakes has had the usual result, and they are becoming rarer 
 every year. Their range may be said to be from Mexico to 53 degrees 
 north latitude and east to the Missouri river. The prong-horn is a dainty 
 little creature, about four feet six inches in length and two feet six at the 
 withers The general color is yellowish brown in the upper portion and 
 white below — the buttocks pure white, the male and female being marked 
 about the same. The eyes are large, lustrous, and expressive, and are 
 placed immediately underneath the horns. 
 
 Bears. — Nearly all the old hunters insist that there are four or five 
 kinds of bears found in the western country — the grizzlj^ black, brown, 
 and cinnamon. The differences are mainly in color, and systematists recog- 
 nize but two kinds in the west {u?siis horribilis), and the black bear {ursus 
 America?ius), the others being considered mere varieties, and so judged 
 from a careful comparison of skeletons. I believe the last grizzly shot in 
 the vicinity of Pasadena was shot by Mr. E. W. Giddings, on his ranch at 
 the mouth of Millard canyon. [See page 129.] The grizzly is one of the 
 most formidable of all animals. It attains a length of nine feet and a 
 weight of over 1800 pounds. Its long, gouge-shaped claws, its sharp, pow- 
 erful tusks, and tremendous gripping power make it an adversary to be 
 dreaded. The black bear is naturally a vegetarian, though they vary their diet 
 according to the supply. In the fall they are usually fat, and in cold 
 climates go into what is termed a state of hibernation. In this country 
 the bears in all probability do not hibernate, though it is possible they pa.ss 
 through a partial hibernation on the high range where snow lies for several 
 months. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing which I have collated from his ]niblished 
 writings. Prof. Holder furnished me in June, 1894, the following complete 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 585 
 
 list of our native mammals which he kindly prepared specially for this 
 volume : 
 
 PROF, holder's complete LIST OF OUR NATIVE MAMMALS. 
 [Notes in brackets bj' the editor.] 
 
 Badger. — Taxidea Americmia. 
 
 Bats. — VespertiUo lucifugtis ; Nitidus ; Evotis ; Plecotus macrotis ; 
 Autrozous pallidus ; and several others. 
 
 Bears. — Black : Ursics Americanus ; — Grizzly : Ursiis horribilis ; cinna- 
 mon : Ursus cimiemoneus. 
 
 Big-horn. — Ovis montana. Found within a few years on Mount San 
 Antonio. [Formerly also in the San Gabriel mountains.] 
 
 Coyote. — Canis latraiis. [Identical with the wild dogs of Assyria, 
 Samaria and Judea.] 
 
 Deer. — Black-tailed : Cariacus Cohimbiayius ; mule deer (rare) ; Cari- 
 acHs macrotis. [Abundant in all this region when Spaniards first came here.] 
 
 Fox. — Coast fox : Vulpes littoralis. [Also called silver-gray fox, and 
 mountain fox. Plenty of them at Echo mountain and vicinity.] 
 
 Gopher. — California variety : Thomomys bulbivoriis (Baird). 
 
 Mole. — Scalops aquatrius. 
 
 Puma. — Felis concolo^-. [Mountain Hon.] 
 
 Porcupine. (?) — Erethizoii dorsatum. [Extremely doubtful.] 
 
 Raccoon. — Black-footed : Procyon heryiandezii. 
 
 Raccoon-pox. — Bassaris ashda. [Also called "civet-cat," ring-tailed 
 bassaris, etc. [See " Civet cat," page .] 
 
 Rabbits. —Jack rabbit (hare): Lepiis Californiais ; — cotton-tail: 
 Lepus artemisia. I have Seen two different species of cotton-tails, I am 
 positive. [Van Dyke describes two species.] 
 
 Rats. — Pocket rat: Dipodomys phillipsii — observed at L,as Casitas ; — 
 wood rat : Neotoma fuscipes. 
 
 Squirrels. — Ground squirrel : Spermophilus Buchezii ; — fox squirrel : 
 Sciurus fossa ; — chipmunk : Tamias Harrisii. [I think there is also a gray 
 timber squirrel found high up in the mountains, but not given in this 
 list.— Ed.] 
 
 Skunks. — Big skunk: Mephitis occidentalis ; — small spotted skunk: 
 Spilogale ptitoriiis. 
 
 Weasel. — Putoriits. [The ''Mustela'' of the Spaniards.] 
 Wild Cat. — Lynx rufus, variety maculatus. [Tenney's Zoology calls 
 Lynx riifus the American wildcat, and this is the one that is called here the 
 "California lynx," which is really a ferocious beast. But there is also 
 another variety of wildcat here, which is much more pussy-like in its man- 
 ners, though sometimes quite large. — Ed.] 
 
 Wolf — Gray : Canis occidentalis. [See Coyote above.] 
 
 The following I quote further from Prof. Holder's published writings : 
 
 ANCIENT ANIMALS OF PASADENALAND. 
 
 It will perhaps be a surprise to some readers to learn that not so long 
 ago (geologically speaking) the elephant was included in the Southern Call- 
 
586 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 fornia fauna — not the elephant of India or Africa, but a prodigious creature, 
 vast in everj^ sense, taller by several feet than existing forms, weighing a 
 third more, and armed with gleaming ivory tusks from fourteen to sixteen 
 feet in length. It browsed upon the herbage of the mountain sides, wan- 
 dered into the well-w'ooded glens that led into the range, and roamed over 
 the vast mesas and by the shores of the lakes, which then were a feature of 
 California of the Souch. Picture an elephant a third taller than existing 
 species, its trunk like the limb of a huge tree, its limbs enormous columns 
 for support rather than for locomotion, its rough head covered sparsely 
 with hairs, and protruding from the capacious mouth two massive columns 
 of ivory, each weighing from three hundred to four hundred pounds, and 
 some conception of this wonderful elephant may be obtained. In the dif- 
 ferent geological ages several elephants have inhabited this country — the 
 mammoth, mastodon, and American elephant. Remains of the two latter 
 have been found in Southern California, especially those of the mastodon. 
 The mammoth was a hairy northern form, while the others ranged farther 
 to the south. The geographical range of this animal has, from specimens 
 found, been fairly well determined. It roamed over what are now the 
 States of Texas, Georgia, Mexico, Oregon, Ohio and California, but proba- 
 bly did not venture north of the Canada line, being adapted for the warmer 
 climate which existed in the south. 
 
 The Tertiary period of geological history is divided into three sections 
 — Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene, the latter being the time just before the 
 Age of Man, though some writers believe that human beings existed even 
 earlier than this. [See Geological chart, page 541.] The American elephant 
 came upon the scene, as far as we know, in the Pliocene time, and, unaffected 
 by the changes that resulted in the Quaternary, continued into it. 
 
 In the Pliocene time California was inhabited by many animals equally 
 as strange as the elephant. With it, in droves, were camels, and a huge 
 rhinoceros, as large if not larger than any found in Africa today. The 
 tiger now found in India was represented by a huge form. Early man, did 
 he exist, [see page 528.] could have hunted this tiger not only on the great 
 elephant already described, but could have rode along the base of the Sierras 
 on the back of a huge mastodon {Mastodon Miri/iais). The ancestors of the 
 present horse galloped over the plains, the curious Protohippus with three 
 toes, fine specimens of which in its successive transitions down to the 
 present horse, can be seen in the Museum at Yale University. The Pliocene 
 period merged into the Quaternary, which was characterized by violent 
 earthquakes and tippings, especially in high latitudes, and thereby marked 
 changes of climate occurred, affecting animal life. In the Pliocene times, 
 Pasadena and all the coast well down the Peninsula of California was under 
 water, and the waves of the Pacific beat well up to what is now Altadena. 
 The Puente hills and ranges about Santa Ana were beneath the wave, and 
 huge sharks and whales fed over what are now Santa Ana, Orange, Tustin, 
 San Juan, Ramona, etc. The vertebrae of whales are plowed up on moun- 
 tain slopes all along this region ; and in South Pasadena a deposit contains 
 myriads of fossil fi.shes. (?) [See " Fossil Fish Ledge," page 551.] 
 
 The Quaternary saw an elevation of the crust along the coast, and the 
 Pliocene shell beds became dry land, some of the dejiosits being lifted high 
 upon the tops of mountains. The lower animals, and many liiglier ones re- 
 sembled those of today. This period saw the culmination of mammalian 
 life and the beginning of its downfall. The American elephant, the masto- 
 don, and the mammoth, lived then. 
 
DIVIvSION UIGHT — science;. 587 
 
 OUR NATIVE BIRDS. 
 
 Young Joseph Grinnell, son of Dr. Fordyce Grinnell, has won the 
 reputation of having captured, preserved, labeled and classified more speci- 
 mens of our native birds than any other person. He seems to have a speci- 
 men of every species and variety of avian fauna ever found here, all nicely 
 preserved, and neatly labeled with both its common and its scientific name. 
 And he furnishes for this volume the following account of them.* [Emend- 
 ations by the editor in brackets]. 
 
 The Birds of Pasadena and Vicinity. — A great number of the 
 birds inhabitiiig this vState are entirely different from those toundinany 
 other section of the country. Examples of these are the California vulture 
 [more commonly called Condor], California jay, California towhee. But 
 also a large per cent, are either identical or very similar to the birds in the 
 eastern or central parts. For instance, the mocking-bird, mourning dove, 
 and turkey vulture are the same as found in the southern states east. The 
 robins, blue-birds, wrens, pewees, and others show decided differences, 
 while in general characteristics they are the same. Of course the climate 
 and topography of California are the main factors in these differences. The 
 geographical variations of our land are conducive to a wide variety of birds, 
 thus producing a field for unlimited study. 
 
 Quails or Partridges. — The most important game-birds are the 
 partridges [quails] of which we have two widely-different species. The 
 California partridges are the ones found in the vicinity of Pasadena and 
 throughout all the valleys. They are slaty-olive on most of the body, but 
 the lower part of the breast is mottled with black, yellow, white and 
 chestnut. The throat is black, bordered with a broad white band. Also a 
 white stripe passes over the eye and across the forehead. The head is 
 adorned with a black plume composed of six feathers about an inch long. 
 This description applies to the male only, the female having none of the 
 high coloring of the male, and the crest is only about half as long. The 
 call of the California partridge is very clear and musical, and is usually 
 composed of three syllables, the accent being on the second, as " 0-hi-o." 
 This partridge [quail] remains in immense coveys during the fall and winter, 
 but these disband in the spring and their members pair off to breed. They 
 are exceedingly fond of grapes, and thousands are shot annually in the 
 vineyards. 
 
 The mountain partridge is found in the higher mountain ranges, and is 
 seldom seen below an elevation of three thousand feet. It is a much larger 
 and finer-looking bird than the California partridge. It is of a dark olive 
 color, except the breast and throat, which are bright chestnut. The breast 
 and belly are also marbled with black and yellowish-white. The throat- 
 
 * Mr. Gnnnell's grandfather was the first pastor of the Friends or Quaker church in Pasadena [see 
 page 484] ; and the young man is now a student in Throop Polytechnic Institute. 
 
588 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 patch is bordered by a 
 white baud. The plume 
 is black, and composed of 
 two slender feathers from 
 three to four inches long. 
 The two sexes are very 
 similar in coloration. The 
 call of the mountain part- 
 tridge is very loud and 
 resonant, but not as pleas- 
 ing as that of the valley 
 partridge. It is common 
 on Mount Lowe and Wil- 
 son's peak, but is very 
 hard to hunt on account 
 of the high brush. The 
 mountain partridges go in 
 flocks, and their habits are 
 similar to those of the 
 "valley quail," as the 
 California partridge is 
 commonly called. 
 
 Note.- The quail holds 
 such an important place 
 among our native birds 
 that I quote the follow- 
 ing additional account of 
 it from Van Dyke's "Southern California." -Ed. 
 
 "The notes of the valley quail are quite varied; and even the same 
 bird often varies within five minutes both the tone and accent of every note. 
 The most common call of this quail is a clear, far-reaching 0-hi-O, repeated 
 four or five times in quick succession. Often the tone is changed so that it 
 sounds more like ka-loi-o. Often the accent is shifted from the middle 
 syllable to the first and last syllables, so that it sounds like tiick-a-hee. 
 Again the stress is laid so heavily upon the second syllable that the other 
 syllables are scarcely heard, and the whole sounds like k-2voick-iih ; and 
 again the last syllable is omitted entirely, and the whole becomes a low 
 k-woick. This is the call of the different members of the flock to each other 
 when scattered, of the old hen to her chicks, and of the male and female to 
 each other when separated. vShould the winter rain-fall be iusufhcient to 
 make an abundance of grass and seeds, this quail does not pair off and 
 breed, but remains unmated in the large bands in which it has been all 
 winter, ~-a curious case of instinct, shown also by the hares, squirrels, 
 gophers and bees, all of which decline to increase. But after two or three 
 good sea.sons in succession, the numbers of the valley (juail in many parts 
 of Southern California are incredibly great. When the seed of the alfileria 
 
 CALIFORNIA QUAIL. 
 
 Photo, life size, from one the prize-winner birds at the World's 
 Fair, Chicago, 1892-93. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 589 
 
 and burr-clover is abundant, this bird is a strict vegetarian. It is a great 
 ravager of gardens and vineyards ; it will touch almost nothing but grapes, 
 if it can get them ; and the amount of white grapes a quail can eat in a day 
 is amazing." 
 
 Pigeon. — Of the pigeon family we have two species. The mourning 
 dove, or, as it is commonly called, the "turtle dove," is the same as the 
 eastern bird. They are hunted a great deal, and often congregate in flocks 
 in weed-patches and stubble fields, where they obtain their food. The 
 mourning dove breeds from January to September. The eggs are sometimes 
 laid on the ground, but usually the frail nests are built in the bushes and 
 trees. 
 
 The band-tailed pigeon, or as here called the " wild pigeon," is a large 
 bird — even larger than a tame pigeon. It is most numerous in the winter, 
 and subsists mainly on acorns, being most abundant where the largest 
 suppl}^ of its food is situated. They usually remain in the mountains, but 
 when the snow comes low down, or the acorn crop is short, they come to 
 the oak groves in the valleys. Large numbers are sometimes shot around 
 Santa Anita. The band-tailed pigeon retires to the farther ranges to breed, 
 though a few have been observed to remain in the vicinity of Oak Knoll as 
 late as June. 
 
 Vulture. — The turkey vulture is the same as the eastern "turke}^ 
 buzzard." It is a notorious scavenger, being most common in cattle-raising 
 regions. About here they are very common, and a landscape is hardly 
 complete without two or three sailing slowly overhead. They breed in the 
 hills to the west of Pasadena, and lay two spotted eggs on the ground under 
 some rock or bush. [See " Buzzard Cliff," page 374.] 
 
 The California vulture [or condor] is one of the rarest birds, as it is 
 seldom seen, and then only in the mountains. It has the general appear- 
 ance of the turke)^ vulture, but is verj' much larger, having a stretch of 
 nine feet and even more, and a length of four and one-half feet. It is thus 
 fully as large as the condor of South America. It is said that fifty years 
 ago the California condor was very common ; but the cattle-men by poison- 
 ing carcasses in order to exterminate wild beasts, also killed great numbers 
 of the vultures, and thus this species became very scarce. 
 
 Note. — This monarch of American birds is so rare a creature as to be 
 worthy of some further notice. In 1888 there was an organization called 
 the "Pasadena Academy of Sciences," of which Wm. L. Vail was secre- 
 tary ; and in reply to some inquiries by him, Prof. C. F. Holder wrote : 
 
 " The bird you kindl}^ allowed me to see is a rarity in this section, and 
 is the largest North American bird. It is known commonly as the California 
 vulture or condor, and to science as '' Pseudogryphus Calif ornia7i2is.'' The 
 bird takes the place in this country of the great condor of the Andes, 
 and probably rivals it in size, attaining a breadth of wing of ten feet. It 
 was unknown until the settlement of California, and is now known to range 
 
590 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 from the Colorado river to the Columbia west of the Rocky Mountains, and 
 curiously enough, does not, as far as known, enter Mexico. The strength 
 and power of the bird is almost beyond belief. Four adults have been seen 
 to drag the body of a grizzly weighing over a thousand pounds, two 
 hundred yards. The California condor possesses many of the characteristics 
 of its ally of the Andes. It sights its prey from a vast height, and soars, 
 especially before storms, to great altitudes. Its flight is regular and beauti- 
 ful, the bird presenting a magnificent appearance when on the wing. The 
 nest is composed of a few sticks thrown together carelessly. It rarely if 
 ever attacks living animals. The l)ird is rare in the vSan Gabriel valley, and 
 the present specimen is an unusually fine one, a young male in complete 
 plumage, and perhaps three or four years old." 
 
 In 1878 E. W. Giddings shot one of these birds, and it measured ten 
 feet three inches from tip to tip of the wings. [See footnote, page 129.] It 
 is almost identical with the lamtnergeyer of the Alps, in Europe. 
 
 Hawks. — We have seven species of hawks and probably more. All 
 the larger species are commonly called chicken hawks, and are needlessly 
 .shot as enemies of the poultry yard, while in reality they do a vast amount 
 of good in destroying mice and squirrels, and should be protected. The 
 smallest and commonest one is the sparrow hawk. It is abundant every- 
 where except in town, and breeds in the arroyos. It subsists mainly on 
 insects and mice, and is con.sequently very u.seful. 
 
 Eagle. — The golden eagle is the only eagle found here; but down 
 along the coast the bald eagle is sometimes seen. The golden eagle is com- 
 mon in the Pasadena mountains, and often comes down to the highlands 
 and along the foot-hills. 
 
 Owl. — The owl familj^ is represented by eight species. The best 
 known of these is the barn owl, golden owl, or " monkej^-faced owl," as it 
 is variously termed. Its natural home is in the woods, where it lives in 
 hollow trees ; but in many instances it has taken up its abode in steeples 
 and towers. Last year [1893] a pair raised a brood in the belfry of the Uni- 
 versalist church, and another pair took possession of the Wilson .school 
 tower. The barn owl is a very odd-appearing bird. It has a peculiar habit 
 of wagging its head from side to side when clo.sely watched. It is often 
 caged, and makes a curious pet.* Our largest owl is the western horned 
 owl. They do not stay in holes in trees, but roost in thick foliage or on the 
 ground in shady places, coming out towards evening.- The burrowing owl is 
 a queer little bird which lives out in the open fields, and which makes its home 
 in holes in the ground. The dry, level poppy fields above Altadena are 
 favorite resorts of tliis owl. There they may be .seen standing at the en- 
 trances to their burrows, or flying low over the ground. If disturbed, they 
 usually run down the holes, and may then be dug out. They lay their eggs 
 
 * Mrs. A. r Jaiiiiey on Kasl Union street kept a i)et owl for fo<ir years. It was so tnnic that it 
 stood t.n a pcrcli in the open room, likea parrot, and would ni;ike re.spoii'sive motions wwA noi.-es when 
 she talked to it. When the Woman's Relief Coips held a Kaii in Williams liall, in 1S92. this pet owl 
 was among the curiosities on e.xhibitiou. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 59I 
 
 in a chamber hollowed at the end of their burrows. This chamber is 
 usually close to the surface of the ground, or, anyway, higher than the gal- 
 lery which leads to it. This is probably to protect it from being flooded 
 during rain storms. The burrowing owl generally fits up a squirrel's hole 
 for its use, but never lives "in the same hole with the squirrels or snakes," 
 as is commonly believed ; for, on the contrary, it is a great enemy of the 
 squirrels, often following down their burrows and killing their young. It 
 also eats Jerusalem crickets and small birds. The color of this owl as seen 
 at a distance is a light brownish gray. The smallest and rarest of our owls 
 is the California pygmy owl. [W. H. Wakeley says it is the smallest owl 
 in the world.] Its home is in the higher mountains, but it is not uncom- 
 monly seen in winter lower down in the near canyons. The food of this 
 owl appears to be entirely grasshoppers. The spotted owl is another rare 
 bird occasionally found in the mountains. 
 
 The Road Runner is a bird peculiar to the southwest. It is very 
 common here, where it haunts the dry mesas and Arroyo beds. It belongs 
 to the cuckoo family, though it is a very much modified branch. On its 
 foot two toes point forward and two backward; hence its tracks can easily 
 be recognized from those of any other of our birds. The length of the 
 road-runner is about two feet, of which the tail occupies nearly a foot. 
 With the exception of a steel-blue crest which ornaments the head, the 
 feathers on most of the body are bright green, bordered with white. 
 This bird is noted for its swift running, as it is said to be able to baffle a 
 hound. It eats snakes and lizards. In the stomach of one road-runner I 
 found four lizards, each eight inches long. The bird batters the heads of its 
 victims on the ground, and then swallows them whole. 
 
 Note. — Of this rare creature, Van Dyke says ; 
 
 "About the only bird having no representa,tive on the Atlantic coast 
 is the " chapparal-cock," "road-runner," or paisano, as the native Califor- 
 nians call it. It looks much like a cross between a hawk and a hernshaw ; 
 long-geared, long-tailed, and swift of foot, white, gray, and blue, with a 
 bluish top knot, and a long bill. Though generally deemed unfit to eat, it 
 is really one of the fattest and finest-flavored birds we have, in spite of its 
 diet of centipedes, lizards, and scorpions. It is an interesting bird, easily 
 tamed, and may be made a great pet. It is quite harmless, and is rarely 
 shot, except by fool tourists who think it the proj)er thing to murder every- 
 thing they see." 
 
 Mr. Will H. Wakeley, Pasadena's pioneer taxidermist, relates that 
 once while driving up North I^ake Avenue he saw a road-runner scamper- 
 ing up the street dragging a long gopher snake in its bill. After keeping 
 ahead of him for a while, it turned off into an apricot orchard and com- 
 menced making violent and rapid up-and-down motions. He went to see 
 what the creature was doing, and found it had threshed the snake upon the 
 ground and beaten the life out of it. Mr. Road-runner was preparing his 
 
592 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 dinner of "jerked meat" — that was all. Prof. Holder in his volume en- 
 titled "All About Pasadena," page 124, says : 
 
 "It is of this bird that the rattlesnake corral story is told ; the bird, it 
 is said, building a corral of cactus leaves about the rattler, then awakening 
 him to destruction on the spines. The story is generally considered a 
 " fable "; though I have been told it by men who had watched the bird 
 build the corral : and a well-known surveyor in this county states that he 
 has found the corrals, with the skeleton of the snake in the center. There 
 is possibl}^ some mistake in the observations, though the story is not more 
 wonderful than that of the gardener bird, and others, known to be true." 
 
 The Woodpeckers are well represented, there being seven species in 
 this vicinity. The California woodpecker is a black-and-white variety, with 
 a red head and yellow throat. It has a peculiar habit of digging small 
 holes in the bark of oaks. These holes are exactly the size of an acorn. 
 Into each hole the bird forces an acorn, leaving the acute end of the nut 
 protruding. In course of time a small grub finds its way into each acorn, 
 grows and fattens. Then the woodpecker revisits his hoard, pecks into the 
 acorns and extracts the luscious grubs, leaving the empty shells of the nuts 
 still sticking in the holes. The woodpecker often makes use of natural 
 cavities in trees, and in these stuffs great quantities of acorns for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 A little sap-sucker which is often seen in our pepper trees is in the habit 
 of perforating the bark in circles around the tree, thus producing an odd 
 appearance. This is probably for the purpose of extracting the sap on 
 which it feeds. 
 
 NiGHTBiRDS. — The Texas nighthawk is common in suitable localities 
 about here. During the day they doze on the hot sand in the dry arroyos 
 and "washes," but in the evening they may be seen seeking their insect 
 food in the manner of bats and swallows. They have a peculiar trill or 
 thwirr-r-r which is kept up a long time. The eggs are laid on the warm 
 ground without any kind of a nest, and if the eggs are disturbed the birds 
 carry them to another place in their mouths. The j^oung are covered with 
 a grayish-yellow down, which harmonizes well with the color of the sur- 
 rounding earth. If they are endangered by any foe, human or otherwise, 
 the mother tumbles all over herself in her endeavors to attract one's atten- 
 tion from her dear hawklets. The poor-wills are birds peculiar to the west. 
 They are similar to the whip-poor-will of the east in a good many respects, 
 but in a few details of external structure they are distinct. Their call con- 
 sists of two syllables, "poor-will, poor-will, poor-will." The CaHfornia 
 poor-will frequents the foot-hills and canyon-sides. It is quite common in 
 the hills back of Linda Vista, where they are often observed flitting along 
 in the road or trail in the evening. It is also found on our highest moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Hummingbirds. — They are abundant all the year, about every flower- 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 593 
 
 garden iu town and countr}^ There are six species here, each distinct from 
 any other. It is useless to try to describe their varied tints and metaUic 
 colors. A person must see them to appreciate and understand. Humming- 
 bird's nests are wonderful examples of bird architecture, — so small, and yet 
 so perfect in adaptation for their use. There is a general instinct that the 
 nests must agree in color and shape with their surroundings. One that I 
 found in an oak was placed on a horizontal branch to imitate a knot, and 
 covered with green lichens to correspond with the color of the bark and 
 leaves. A nest built on an orange twig was composed of brownish sub- 
 stances and covered on the outside with black scale. Another situated on 
 a cactus stem was made up of grayish vegetable down and small leaves 
 of the wild sage. And yet another built in a sycamore, was attached at the 
 base of a leaf, and made entirely of the yellow sycamore down found on 
 the under side of the leaves. This provision is for protection against various 
 marauders, especially blue jays, (both human and avain). Our six species 
 of hummers are not all found here at the same season or in the same locali- 
 ties. The Anna hummingbird is the only resident species, being common 
 all the year. They are quite hardy, usually being able to withstand the 
 ' ' Santa Ana ' ' winds and the December frosts. This hummingbird breeds 
 the earliest of any of our birds, the nest with eggs having been found in 
 Pasadena as early as January 22. The Costa's hummingbird only stays 
 here through the summer, and its nests are to be found on grease-wood, 
 weeds, thistles and cactus, in the dry, open parts of the arroyos. The male 
 Costa's hummer has a habit during the mating season of mounting high up 
 in the air above the female, then descending like a shot down past her, then 
 again mounting upwards to repeat this performance, till the female goes off 
 to another perch. During each descending flight the male utters a shrill, 
 swelling squeak, which is loudest as he passes the female. The black- 
 chinned hummingbird is also a summer resident, building its nests on the 
 sycamores and alders which line the streams in the canyons. The males 
 are not often seen down in the canyons but remain high up on the mountain 
 sides where the wild honeysuckle blooms. The males of none of the hum- 
 mingbirds assist in nest-building or incubating. The Calliope, Allen's and 
 Rufus hummers are spring and fall visitors, their summer homes being 
 north of here. The two latter species are exceedingly abundant around 
 the orange trees in March and April. 
 
 The Flycatchers are an interesting family of birds, and we have a 
 good representation here. The black phoebe, or pewee, is common in town. 
 It is usually seen on top of a hydrant or hitching-post in a garden. From 
 this perch it makes sallies into the surrounding atmosphere, snapping up 
 any insects w^hich happen to pass that way. The black phoebe is of a slaty- 
 black color, except the lower belly, which is white. It has a pleasing note 
 and a graceful bearing. The pewee builds a cup-shaped nest, made of mud, 
 
 38 
 
594 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 and lined with grasses and feathers. It is stuck on the side of a barn or 
 house under the eaves, like a swallow's nest, or it may be attached to rocks, 
 or tree-trunks, or in tunnels, or under bridges. One of the rarer ilycatchers 
 is not uncommon in our mountains, especially in the Arroyo vSeco canyon. 
 It is a large, dark-looking bird called the olive-sided flycatcher. This bird 
 is quite shy and hard to see, as it is usually perched on the tops of the naked 
 dead pines high up on the mountain-side. It can easily be located, how- 
 ever, by the loud resonant call which it constantly utters during the early 
 morning and in the evening. 
 
 The Kingbirds are familiar to the bee-ranches, as their food consists 
 chiefly of bees. They have a very harsh note and the birds seem to be 
 constantly quarreling with each other. 
 
 Our Orioles have about the same habits as the Baltimore oriole of the 
 East; they are just as highly colored, and sing fully as well. The orioles 
 here often take possession of the banana trees and palms, in which they 
 build their nests, the palm fibres forming favorite nesting material. 
 
 The Butcher-bird [Shrike] is more ferocious and cruel in proportion 
 to size than any other bird. It has the well-knowm habit of capturing and 
 impaling small animals or insects on sharp thorns. A few of the animals 
 which I have found thus sticking on thorns are, wild canary (Arkansas 
 goldfinch), western chipping sparrow, Gambel's sparrow, linnet (house finch), 
 young chickens, mice, horned toads and other lizards, besides a large variety 
 of insects. The butcher-bird seldom sneaks on its prey like a cat, but catches 
 it in an open race. I have seen a butchie chase a goldfinch for fully two 
 minutes. The goldfinch escaped through its superior ability to dodge, 
 though the shrike could fly very much faster. I have seen a California 
 shrike catch and carry off a Gambel's sparrow, which is a bird about seven 
 inches long, the shrike being only eight and one-half inches in length. The 
 butchie swooped down on the bird which w^as feeding in the grass, and pro- 
 ceeded to inflict a quick succession of blows with its beak on the back of 
 the sparrow's head. This probably stunned the sparrow, and the butchie 
 grasped it with its claws and flew laboriously off" with it. I ran after him 
 and succeeded in frightening him into dropping his victim. On examining 
 the sparrow I found that it was not badly hurt, but nearly scared to death. 
 Jerusalem crickets form the bread-of-life for the butchie, though he often 
 indulges in linnets. On the whole, this shrike does a great deal of good in 
 killing in.sects. 
 
 Note. — For some reason Mr. Grinnell overlooked the mocking-bird, 
 but it is too distinctive and characteristic a feature of Pasadena scenerj^ to 
 be left out of our bird sketch ; and here is what Van Dyke says of it : 
 
 "The sweetest of all the song-birds is the mocking-bird. In size he is 
 about the same as the Virginia mocking-bird, a little more trimly built, and 
 with similar colors but a little differently arranged. The tone of his voice 
 
DIVISION EIGHT -SCIENCE. 595 
 
 is about the same, but his repertoire is much more limited. Indeed, he 
 scarcely deserves the name of mocking-bird because he mocks nothing that 
 is found here. His song consists of only seven or eight changes, which are 
 always the same. But he is pretty, graceful and harmless." 
 
 It is true that our mocking-bird is not so versatile and voluble a mimic 
 as the eastern variety, yet I am informed of instances where it has distinctly 
 imitated or "mocked" young chickens, and a person whistling, etc. In 
 June, 1888, I examined a nest in which a female mocking-bird was brooding 
 two unfledged young ones: and found that the nest was made almost entirely 
 of bits of old newspaper and writing paper. A State law prohibits the 
 killing of these birds or robbing their nests. ^Ed. 
 
 COMPLETE LIST OF PASADENA NATIVE BIRDS. 
 
 BY JOSEPH GRINNELL, STUDENT AT THROOP INSTITUTE. 
 
 Plumed Partridge [mountain quail] — Oreortyx pictus plumiferas. 
 Valley Partridge [valley quail] — Callipepla californica vallicola. 
 Band-Tailed Pigeon [wild pigeon] — Columba fasciata. 
 Mourning Dove [turtle dove] — Zenaidura macroura. 
 California Vulture [California condor] — Pseudogryphus califor- 
 nianus. 
 
 Turkey Vulture [turkey buzzard] Cathartes aura. 
 
 White-Tailed Kite — Elanus leucurus. 
 
 Marsh Hawk — ^ Circus hudsonius. 
 
 Sharp-Shinned Hawk — Accipeter velox. 
 
 Cooper's Hawk — Accipiter cooperi. 
 
 Western Red Tail [chicken hawk] — Buteo borealis calurus. 
 
 Red-Bellied Hawk — Buteo lineatus elegans. 
 
 Zone-Tailed Hawk — Buteo abreviatus. 
 
 Swainson's Hawk [chicken hawk] — Buteo swainsoni. 
 
 Ferruginous Rough-IvEG — Archibuteo ferrugineus. 
 
 Golden Eagle — Aquilachrysaetos. 
 
 Bald Eagle — Haliaetus leucocephalus. 
 
 Pigeon Hawk — Falco columbarius. 
 
 Desert Sparrow Hawk — Falco sparverius deserticolis. 
 
 American Barn Owl — Strix pratincola. 
 
 American Long-Eared Owl — Asio wilsonianus. 
 
 Short-Eared Owl — Asio accipitrinus. 
 
 Spotted Owl — Syrnium occidentale. 
 
 California Screech Owl — Megascops asio bendirei. 
 
 W^ESTERN Horned Owl — Bubo virginianus subarcticus. 
 
 Burrowing Owl [ground owl] — Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea. 
 
 California Pygmy Owl — Glaucidium gnoma californicum. 
 
 Road Runner — Geococcyx californianus. 
 
 California Cuckoo — Coccyzus americanus occidentalis. 
 
 Belted Kingfisher — Ceryle alcyon. 
 
 Harris's Woodpecker — Dryobates villosus harrisii. 
 
 Gairdner's Woodpecker — Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii. 
 
 Nuttall's Woodpecker — Dryobates nuttallii. 
 
 White-Headed Woodpecker — Xenopicus albolarvatus. 
 
 Red-Naped Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis. 
 
596 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Red-Breasted Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus ruber. 
 
 Williamson's Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus thyroideus. 
 
 Californian Woodpecker — Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi. 
 
 Lewis's Woodpecker — Melanerpes torquatus. 
 
 Red-Shafted Flicker [yellow-hammer] — Colaptes cafer. 
 
 Dusky Poor-Will [CaHfornia whip-poor-will] — Phalaenoptilus nut- 
 talli californicus. 
 
 Texan Night Hawk — Chordeiles texensis. 
 
 Black Swift — Cypseloides niger. 
 
 Vaux's Swift — Cbaetura vauxii. 
 
 White-Throated Swift— Micropus melanoleucus. 
 
 Black-Chinned Humming Bird — Trochilus alexandri. 
 
 Costa's Humming Bird — Trochilus costae. 
 
 Anna's Humming Bird — Trochilus amia. 
 
 Rufous Humming Bird — Trochilus rufus. 
 
 Allen's Humming Bird — Trochilus alleni. 
 
 Calliope Humming Bird — Trochilus calliope. 
 
 Arkansas Kingbird — Tyrannus verticalis. 
 
 Cassin's Kingbird — Tyrannus vociferans. 
 
 Ash-Throated Flycatcher — Myiarchus cinerascens. 
 
 Say's Phoebe — Sayornis saya. 
 
 Black Phoebe [pewee] Sayornis nigricans. 
 
 Olive-sided Flycatcher — Contopus borealis. 
 
 Western Wood Pewee — Contopus richardsonii. 
 
 Western Flycatcher — Empidonax difficilis. 
 
 Little Flycatcher — Empidonax pusillus. 
 
 Hammond's Flycatcher — Empidonax hammondi. 
 
 Wright's Flycatcher — Empidonax wrightii. 
 
 Mexican Horned Lark — Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema. 
 
 Blue-fronted Jay — Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis. 
 
 California Jay — Aphelocoma californica. 
 
 American Raven — Corvus corax sinuatus. 
 
 California Crow — Corvais americanus californicus. 
 
 Clarke's Nutcracker — Picicorvus columbianus. 
 
 Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. 
 
 Red-winged Blackbird — Agelaius phoeniceus. 
 
 Western Meadowlark — Sturnella magna neglecta. 
 
 Arizona Hooded Oriole — Icterus cucullatus nelsoni. 
 
 Bullock's Oriole — Icterus bullocki. 
 
 Brewer's Blackbird (Common Blackbird) — Scolecophagus cyano- 
 cephalus. 
 
 Western Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus. 
 
 California Purple Finch — Carpodacus purpureus californicus. 
 
 Cassin's Purple Finch — Carpodacus cassini. 
 
 House Finch (Linnet) — Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis. 
 
 Western Goldfinch — Spinus tristis pallidus. 
 
 Arkansas Goldfinch (Wild Canary) Spinus psaltria. 
 
 Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei. 
 
 Pink Siskin Spinus pinus. 
 
 Western VivSpivR Sparrow Poocaetes gramineus confinis. 
 
 Oregon Vesper vSparrow - Poocaetes gramineus affinis. 
 
 Western Savanna Sparrow — Ammodramus sandwichensis alau- 
 dinus. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT— SCIENCE. 597 
 
 Western Grasshopper Sparrow — Ammodramus savannarum per- 
 pallidus. ^ 
 
 Western Lark Sparrow — Chondestes grammacus strigatus. 
 
 Intermediate Sparrow — Zouotrichia leucophrys intermedia. 
 
 Gambel's Sparrow — Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli. 
 
 White-throated Sparrow — Zonotrichia albicollis. 
 
 Western Chipping Sparrow — Spizella soci'alis arizonae. 
 
 Thurber's Junco (Snowbird)— Junco hyemalis thurberi. 
 
 Bele's Sparrow — Amphispiza belli. 
 
 Rufous-crowned Sparrow — Peucaea ruficeps. 
 
 Heermann's Song Sparrow — Melospiza fasciata heermanni 
 
 Lincoln's Sparrow — Melospiza lincolni. 
 
 Townsend's Sparrow — Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis. 
 
 Thick-billed Sparrow — Passerella iliaca megarhyncha. 
 
 Spurred Towhee — Pipilo maculatus megalonyx. 
 
 California Towhee — Pipilo fuscus crissalis. 
 
 Black-headed Grosbeak — Habia melanocephala. 
 
 Western Blue Grosbeak — Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha. 
 
 Lazuli Bunting — Passerina amoena. 
 
 Louisiana Tanager — Piranga ludoviciana. 
 
 Western Martin — Progne subis hesperia. 
 
 Cliff Swallow — Petrochelidon lunifrons. 
 
 Barn Swallow — Chelidon erythrogaster. 
 
 Tree Swallow — Tachycineta bicolor. 
 
 Violet-green Swallow — Tachycineta thalassina. 
 
 Bank Swallow — Clivicola riparia. 
 
 Rough-winged Swallow — Stelgidopteryx serripennis. 
 
 Cedar Wax WING — Ampelis cedrorum. 
 
 Phainopepla — Phainopepla nitens. 
 
 California Shrike [butcher-bird]— Lanius ludovicianus gambeli 
 
 Western Warbling Vireo — Vireo gilvus swainsoni. 
 
 Cassin's Vireo — Vireo solitarius cassinii. 
 
 Hutton's Vireo — Vireo huttoni. 
 
 Least Vireo — Vireo bellii pusillus. 
 
 Calaveras Warbler— Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis. 
 
 Orange-Crowned Warbler— Helminthophila celata. 
 
 Lutescent Warbler — Helminthophila celata lutescens. 
 
 Western Yellow Warbler — Dendroica aestiva morcomi. 
 
 Audubon's Warbler — Dendroica auduboni. 
 
 Black-Throated Gray Warbler— Dendroica nigrescens. 
 
 Townsend's Warbler — Dendroica townsendi. 
 
 Hermit Warbler — Dendroica occidentalis. 
 
 Macgillivray's Warbler — Geothlypis macgillivrayi. 
 
 Western Yellow Throat — Geothlypis trichas occidentalis. 
 
 Long-Tailed Chat— Icteria virens longicauda. 
 
 PiLEOLATED Warbler — Sylvania pusilla pileolata. 
 
 American Pipit — Anthus pensilvanicus. 
 
 American Dipper [water ouzel] — Cinclus mexicanus. 
 
 Mocking-bird — Mimxis polyglottos. 
 
 Californian Thrasher [curved-billed thrush] -Harporhynchus 
 redivivus. 
 
 Cactus Wren — Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus. 
 
598 iHISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Rock Wren — Salpinctes obsoletus. 
 
 Canyon Wren — Catherpes mexicanus conspersus. 
 
 Vigor's Wren — Thryothorus bewickii spilunis. 
 
 Parkman's Wren — Troglodytes aedon parkmanii. 
 
 Western Winter Wren Troglodytes hiemalis pacificus. 
 
 TuLE Wren — Cistothorus palustris pahidicola. 
 
 Californian Creeper — Certhia familiaris occidentalis. 
 
 Slender-billed, Nuthatch — Sita carolinensis aculeata. 
 
 Plain Titmouse — Parus inornatus. 
 
 Mountain Chickadee — Parus gambeli. 
 
 Wren Tit — Chamaea fasciata. 
 
 Californian Bush-tit — Psaltriparus minitaus californicus. 
 
 Western Golden-Crowned Kinglet — Regulus satrapa olivaceous. 
 
 Ruby-Crowned Kinglet — Regulus calendula. 
 
 Western Gnatcatcher — Polioptila caerulea obscura. 
 
 Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher — Polioptila californica. 
 
 Townsend's Soletaire — Myiadestes townsendi. 
 
 Russet-Backed Thrush — Turdus ustulatus. 
 
 Dwarf Hermit Thrush — Turdus aonalaschkae. 
 
 Western Robin — Merula migratoria propinqua. 
 
 Varied Thrush — Hesperocichla naevia. 
 
 Western Bluebird — Sialia mexicana occidentalis. 
 
 Mountain Bluebird — Sialia arctica. 
 
 This list contains no water birds, and only such land birds as have been 
 positively identified within a radius of eight miles of Pasadena. There are 
 between twent}^ and thirty species of water birds, such as ducks, geese, 
 herons, sandpipers and rails, which have also been observed in the area ; 
 but these are almost without exception identical with those found in any 
 American marsh. The total variety of birds found in L<os Angeles county 
 amounts to over 200 species. 
 
 Note. — The above is the first complete list or catalogue of our native 
 Pasadena birds that was ever prepared for print, and I am much indebted 
 to young Mr. Grinnell for his zeal and good work in preparing it specially 
 for this volume. — Edr. 
 
 WILL WAKELEY'S specimens. 
 W. H. Wakeley came to Pasadena in 1881 and was the first taxidermist 
 ever here. He was an enthusia.stic student and collector of our native 
 birds, and for ten years was looked to as authority on any question as to 
 their species, habits, range, markings, etc. The authority which he fol- 
 lowed in this branch of science was "North American Birds," by Baird, 
 Brewer and Ridgway. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1874: — a work of 
 high standing. In January, 1887, Mr. Wakeley founded the Natural History 
 Store, now owned by Frank A. Healy & Co. [1894] '. ^"^ later he founded 
 "Wakeley's Novelty Works." [See page 460.] And since engaging so 
 largely in this line of business he has been obliged to neglect his favorite 
 study of birds, so that younger students have come forward and occupied 
 the field, such as Masters Joseph Griiniell, Ralph Arnold and Horace Gay- 
 lord, who have each made excellent collections, exceeding Mr. Wakeley's 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCK. ' 599 
 
 in number and variety of native specimens. But we still quote Mr. Wake- 
 ley as good authority on Pasadena birds. He says the Cahfornia mocking 
 bird was not found north of I^os Angeles county ten years ago, although it 
 may be now ; and that the California pygmy owl is the smallest owl in the 
 world ; he has seven varieties of native owls in his collection. In Febru- 
 ary, 1886, he found an albino finch — a specimen all white, and entirely new 
 to science, hence its scientific name would be Fringilla Alba Wakeleyii. In 
 1890 old Mr. Giddings shot another albino linnet or finch (all pure white), at 
 his home place, Giddings Heights. 
 
 RKPTiLES. 
 Our most celebrated and characteristic reptile is the "horned toad," so 
 called, but which is not a toad at all but a species of lizard — Phrynosoma 
 cornuta. It burrows in the dry sand and dust, and lies dormant during the 
 winter season, coming out to run about and mate only in the warmest 
 weather. It is as harmless as a pet kitten, and when laid upon your warm 
 hand and gently stroked on its back with the other hand, it will blink its 
 eyes in a lazy, dreamy, contented sort of way, as if it really enjoyed the 
 warmth and the caressing. I have caught specimens from the size of my 
 finger nail up to nearly as large as my hand. They abound all over 
 Southern Cahfornia, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and old Mexico. It is a 
 regular business in Pasadena to stufi" and mount horned toads to sell as 
 California curios. ■ In August, 1886, W. H. Wakeley advertised for 1000 
 horned toads for taxidermy purposes, and this set an army of boys scurrying 
 about the dusty plains and barrens, filling their pockets with horned toads 
 and earning many nickels for their own pocket money. In 1893 Wakeley 's 
 Novelty Works mounted between 5,000 and 6,000 horned toads for the 
 California tourist and eastern trade, besides 100 dozen tarantulas, 100 dozen 
 scorpions, and a considerable number of trap-door spider nests and centi- 
 pedes. 
 
 Rock IvIZARD. — In all canyons, mountain sides and rocky places the 
 California rock lizard will be seen — three varieties of him, to- wit : black, 
 gray, and iridescent or metallic luster lizard, but all of the same species. 
 The long-tailed lizard, or "snake-lizard," as it is mostly called, is a different 
 species — is more sluggish, more retiring, and not often seen.* I once 
 caught one which was thirteen inches long, about three-fourths of this 
 length being tail ; the body is more bulky and clumsy than the rock lizard, 
 and as I held it up by the tail it made a hissing noise like a snake and thrust 
 out a snake-like forked tongue. I have never caught but this one, and have 
 had brief ghmpses of only three others. They are not numerous and are 
 
 *"The Times correspondent at San Diego captured what is commonly known as " rattlesnake 
 lizard " on Saturday In form the creature resembles the Gila monster. Its general appearance is that 
 of a rattlesnake with legs. The head is like that of the rattler. The markings of the reptile's back 
 are like the markings of the snake. But the lizard's tail is devoid of rattles."— Z,oj /I w^^/« Times, 
 March 18, 1895. 
 
600 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 very shy. Joseph Grinnell relates that once when he shot a deh'cate httle 
 cactus wren it fell down under the cactus bush and disappeared ; and after 
 searching some time for his prize he discovered a snake-lizard crawling away 
 with the bird in its mouth. Then he captured the lizard also, which was 
 eight inches long, and he has it in his collection. Our Pasadena lizards are 
 all harmless, though the long-tailed, snaky fellow seems to have teeth for 
 eating tougher meat than the flies and tiny worms on which the others feed. 
 
 In the pools that occur so often in the mountain canyons there will gen- 
 erally be found a pair or more of salamanders; called also "water puppies," 
 "water lizards, " etc. They are of a reddish-brown color, perfectly harm- 
 less, and live in or out of the water, being amphibian batrachians,* ambly- 
 stovia rtibriini by name. 
 
 In Wilson lake is found a small species of mud turtle ; also found in 
 the tule pond or lagoon in upper part of San Marino canyon [see page 377], 
 and in pools in the Arroyo Seco. 
 
 Rattlesnakes were formerly common in all parts of Pasadenaland,* 
 but they are now rarely found on the mesa, the advance of cultivation hav- 
 ing nearly exterminated them ; in the mountains, however, they still occur. 
 There seems to be two varieties — a smaller one of dark slate color ; and a 
 larger, thicker-bodied, more sluggish one, of a reddish -brown color. 
 
 The Red Racer is a snake peculiar to the country, and in some 
 respects is similar to the black racer of the east — in f^ct, some observers 
 say it is identical except in color. Mr. A. P. Janney, on East Union street, 
 informs me that he kept a red racer snake two years at his place, in a box 
 cage, and never knew it to eat or drink, although it shed its skin regularly ; 
 and once he chanced to see it in the very act of shuffling off its last year's 
 overcoat. He finally .sold it to a menagerie at Los Angeles. It is probably 
 the swiftest-running snake of its size that we have any account of. In 
 May, 1888, I saw one that measured five feet four and one-half inches : very 
 slender ; pinky on belly, dappled pinky on back, and a splotch of black on 
 the neck. It was killed in a back door yard, where it was trying to catch 
 some little chicks. In July the same year I saw another one, three feet 
 eleven inches long, and with reddish, whitish and bluish colors. We called 
 him the " 4th-of-July snake." 
 
 The Gopher Snake is a large, long fellow that ought never to be 
 killed, for it feeds almost entirely on young gophers, ground squirrels, etc., 
 which it catches by crawling into their holes and nesting places, and is thus 
 a true friend of the farmer. 
 
 In 1884 I saw a long, lithe specimen of water snake in the Arroyo 
 Seco stream nearly where the Scoville dam now stands, but have not seen 
 any other of this kind except a small one in a pool in Rubio canyon. 
 
 ♦See Judge Eaton's statement, on page 123 ; and I. B. Clapp'son page 119. It stands of record that 
 Mrs. Dr. Reid killed a rattlesnake with a stick, in Castle canyon, in August, 1893 ; and in Atigust, 1894, 
 Mrs. Dr. Grinnell shot one in t lie Arroyo above Devil's Gate, which her son Joseph skinned and pre- 
 served. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 6oi 
 
 In the mountain canyons is found the coral snake, which is marked 
 with black and white, perhaps half an inch wide, around its body in regular 
 alternation from head to tail. The first specimen I ever saw of this snake 
 was in San Dimas canyon [twenty-five miles east of Pasadena] four or five 
 miles up from its mouth, in 1888 ; then in 1893 I saw two specimens of it in 
 Echo canyon, one of them being marked with red and black instead of 
 white and black bands. 
 
 There are several varieties of smaller ophidian reptiles, such as striped 
 or garter snakes, grass snakes, bush snakes, spotted snakes, etc. None of 
 our snakes are venomous except the rattlers. 
 
 We have a large, warty garden toad, with some peculiarities that mark 
 him as a California variety of the bufonidae. There is also a species of tree 
 toad. 
 
 Of Frogs there are several varieties. The common pond frog abounds 
 in the tule bogs, reservoir dams, springs and water ways of our Glacial Ter- 
 race canyons, where it can be found any time of the year. The mud frog 
 lies dormant in the clayey beds of dried-up ponds during the dry season ; 
 but when the winter rains form ponds of puddles he emerges into life, and 
 makes the evening air melodious with its song of tirr-r-r-r-r-r. The winter 
 pond existing for man)^ successive years at northwest corner of Colorado and 
 De Lacy streets, furnished music of this sort for the whole city. But the 
 place is now filled up. In the mountain canyons there are delicate rock 
 frogs, of colors var)ang to suit the colors of the rocks in their particular 
 stream, pot-hole, or pool. 
 
 The biological department of the Throop Polytechnic Institute has 
 planned to make a special study of Pasadena reptiles during 1895-96, 
 which will doubtless result in their complete scientific classification, and 
 special description of such as are new species. Nothing of the kind has 
 been done heretofore. 
 
 INSECTS. 
 
 The scorpion is doubtless our most characteristic native insect. There 
 seems to be two varieties of it. They are now rarely found in or about Pas- 
 adena ; their capture and mounting as curios seems to have almost extermin- 
 ated them from this region. Wakeley's novelty works put up 100 dozen of 
 them in 1893. The dread of their sting is largely imaginary. I have not 
 heard of but one person here. Col. J. Banbury, ever being stung by one. 
 This was in the colony days. He was loading wood and chips into a wagon ; 
 the scorpion stung his hand ; he brushed it away, went on with his work, 
 did nothing for the wound, forgot all about it, and it passed off as readily as 
 the sting of a bee or a wasp would. And Judge Eaton says he never heard 
 of any harm from them. 
 
 Of centipedes there seems to 'be two, or perhaps three varieties — one 
 very large, of dull white or light straw color ; and a smaller kind, sometimes 
 
6o2 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 white and sometimes of a streaky green color — possibly mere variations of 
 sex or season. The largest kind have been found even eight inches in 
 length. There is no evidence that their bite is poisonous, but they have 
 forcep jaws and can inflict quite a severe wound — and the very thought of 
 being bitten by such a disgusting looking creature is enough to make one 
 feel poison-shivers all over him and grow sick at the stomach. 
 
 Another of our famous insects is the tarantula ; and of this singular 
 creature Miss Monks, who was at one time the foremost entomologist of Los 
 Angeles county, said in the Historical Society's publications for 1886: 
 
 " The Tarantula {Mygale Hentzii) is large — when extended it often 
 covers the space of four or more inches; it is very hairy, black or dark 
 brown in color, with sometimes an ashy tinge, and has long legs, which in- 
 dicate a wanderer. 
 
 "The Trap-door spider {Cteniza Calif oriiica) is only half as large, is 
 downy, pale brown, and has short legs. There is the greatest possible dif- 
 ference of opinion in regard to the tube-building habit of the two species. 
 I have never found a tarantula in a nest with a trap-door, nor a trap-door 
 spider in one with an open mouth. I have put Mygales of both sexes in 
 jars of earth, and they would never attempt to build tubes. They pull bits 
 of earth together and spin a little silk, then stop — seemingly satisfied with 
 the result of their labor. On the other hand, Ctenizas invariably go to work 
 the first night and dig a tube, and generally add the door the second night." 
 
 The males of the.se two species will always fight till one or the other is 
 killed, and most commonly both die in the struggle. As late as 1883 it was 
 considered "sport" in Los Angeles to put some dirt in the bottom of an 
 empty gold-fish jar, then put in a pair of these belligerent insects, and make 
 bets as to which one would " whip." I witnes.sed this several times in store 
 windows on Main street ; and on one occasion I saw the larger one of the 
 two spiders fighting away after its entrails were torn out and dragging under 
 its feet. But I believe Pasadena never got quite so low down for "sport" 
 as this. The Pasadena Star oi October 19, 1892, said : 
 
 " Two of our Lake Avenue citizens have just returned from a four days' 
 tour in <^he country hunting for specimen tarantulas. They secured over 400 
 specimens, most of them large size, and all of them females." 
 
 Van Dyke says of these insects : 
 
 "The largest are nearly two and one-half inches long by one and one- 
 half wide, with long, thick, curved legs, and body low hung so that the 
 curved part of the legs is above the back. It looks like an immense spider. 
 The body is covered with short hairs. -< * * They have two black 
 curved tusks in the upper jaw, long and sharp, which they can set [bite] 
 through a green twig the size of a lead pencil." 
 
 The tarantula hawk, Pompihis formosjis, is a large species of wasp that 
 makes a business of stinging tarantulas whenever it can get a chance. It 
 stings them in the back, striking down into the central ganglia of the Mygalc' s 
 nervous system, thus thrusting its waspy virus into the very life center of 
 the victim. This gives it a sort of paralysis or numb palsy so that it cannot 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIKNCE. 603 
 
 fight nor crawl away, but it still lives. The wasp then digs a small pit for 
 the tarantula to drop into, and lays its eggs there ; and when the little wasp 
 grubs come forth they burrow into the body of the paralytic which their 
 provident mother had fixed there for them, and grow fat and sleek on its 
 tarantulan juices. 
 
 A very large insect called " hawk moth " has a spread of wings four to 
 five inches, and a very long proboscis or suction tube, which it has to wind 
 up into three or four coils when it flies. It may be seen hovering over 
 flowers in the evening, sucking honey through its long tube, and is often 
 mistaken for some curious species of humming bird. Colors, gray, black 
 and yellow. It is the tomato worm moth, or 5-spotted sphinx. 
 
 Another conspicuous insect is the white-lined sphinx. It is olive green, ■ 
 white, black and rose colored, or a sort of pinkish tinge ; it also hovers 
 about the honey flowers in the evening, with a three-inch spread of wing: 
 and is frequently mistaken for a species of humming bird. I have some- 
 times seen I suppose a thousand of these moths lying dead around on the 
 ground under an argand electric light, into the fiery glare of which they 
 and other species had plunged to their death during the night. 
 
 The Jerusalem cricket, or " Spanish cricket " as it is also called, is a 
 peculiarly large California variety. It incubates deep in the ground during 
 the dry season, and when the rains come to soften the earth, and the early 
 spring warmth develops life generally, this creature bores its way to the sur- 
 face and comes forth. It is a large, fat, clumsy cricket — I think the largest 
 one known — and furnishes a rare feast for poultry and some of the larger 
 native birds. It is a pest in the potato field and injures the crop by gnaw- 
 ing cavities in the potatoes when they are nearly or quite full grown. 
 
 In the early colony days Pasadena was ravaged with grasshoppers — a 
 local variety, and not the migratory grasshopper or "locust " of the easterly 
 Rocky mountain slopes. But the plowing from year to year destroyed 
 their eggs by exposure, and the Pasadena grasshoper is no longer known as 
 a pest. [See page 144.] 
 
 In 1893, at Echo Mountain I found specimens of the " praying Mantis,' ' 
 a species of the " walking leaf " insects. It is a small or medium sized 
 variety, and most likely to be found on sycamore trees or willows. I have 
 never seen it except in Echo canyon or glen, though I doubt not it occurs 
 elsewhere ; and it is one of the most singular of our native insects. Sobieski 
 Lowe in 1893, ^^'^ Joseph Grinnell in 1894, both informed me that they had 
 found specimens of this rare insect at the same place, but not elsewhere. 
 
 In the little ponds of the mountain canyons there is found a very 
 curious kind of water beetle — a real amphibian insect, for when the pool it 
 happens to be in dries up, it will spread its wings and fly away to another. 
 But ordinarily it looks like a small turtle creeping about at the bottom of a 
 pool, and without necessity of coming to the surface for air ; yet it can live 
 
6o4 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 also in the air when necessary. This singular creature carries its eggs on 
 the shell-like wingcases over its back, says Jason Brown, where they some- 
 times appear thickly massed together, but always in orderly arrangement. 
 In this respect it is an approach toward the dorsological baby house style of 
 incubation, heretofore known only in the Surinam toad. 
 
 Of a species of woolly spider I have seen both white and red varieties 
 in the mountains. 
 
 Of course this is no place for a complete list of our native insects, for 
 they run up into thousands of species or varieties. Van Dyke says there 
 are at least ten different kinds of musquito here. I have only mentioned 
 a few of the more notable insects, because of their singularit)', or because 
 as California curios they have become in some .sense historic. The Pasa- 
 dena field of Kntomology is a very large one, entirely unworked, and lies 
 open for .some of our young naturalists to delve in and win fame. One of 
 the queer things in this line is, that bedbugs and cockroaches cannot live 
 here. Every season for the past twenty years bedbugs have been brought 
 to Pasadena in clothing, in bedding, in carpets, or in furniture, yet they 
 never live to propagate their species ; the same is true of cockroaches. The 
 reason for it still remains an unsolved problem for our young scientists to 
 wrestle with. 
 
 As to books on California Entomology, a volume of 472 pages was pub- 
 lished by H. S. Crocker & Co., Sacramento, in 1883, entitled " Injurious 
 Insects of the Orchard, Vineyard," etc. It was prepared by Matthew 
 Cook, State Entomologist, was liberally illustrated, and stills holds the field 
 as the best California book of the kind yet produced. 
 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 605 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 Botany. — Prof. McClatchie's Researches, Collections and Discovery of New Species of 
 Plants, including Algae, Fungi and Mosses, in Pasadenaland. — Complete List of all 
 our Native Vegetable Growths, Scientifically Classified as to Branch of Vegetable 
 Kingdom, Class, Order, Genera and Species. 
 
 FLORA OF PASADENA AND VICINITY. 
 
 By Alfred James McClatchie, A. M., Pyofessor of Botany , Throop Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 The list of plants that follows was compiled, not because it was sup- 
 posed that all of the plants growing about Pasadena were known, but be- 
 cause of the kind and urgent request made by Dr. Reid that I should 
 undertake the task. Our flora is too varied for one person to become 
 familiar with it during a three years' residence. The list simply includes 
 all that have been collected and identified up to the time of going to press ; 
 but each month adds several to the list, and will, undoubtedly, continue to 
 do so for some time yet. 
 
 The region of which the plants are listed extends from the Lincoln 
 Park hills on the south to the summit of the range north of Pasadena, 
 designated by various names, but referred to in this list as the San Gabriel 
 mountains. On the west the region is bounded by the hills across the 
 Arroyo Seco and extends from there eastward to Sierra Madre and Santa 
 Anita. Thus it is about ten miles in extent north and south, and about six 
 miles east and west. The altitude at the southern limit is about 500 feet, 
 while the summit of the mountains varies from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The 
 altitudes at the eastern and western boundaries are about the same. Hence 
 the region might be thought of in a general way as a surface having a 
 parabolic curve, one end resting against a range of low hills and the other 
 resting upon a support ten miles away and a mile higher. The western 
 edge of the region is traversed by the Arroyo Seco, whose precipitous banks 
 average about fifty feet in height. At the bottom flows a swift stream, not- 
 withstanding the fact that the name is the Spanish for " dry gorge." About 
 a mile south of Pasadena is the lip of the geological basin that has been 
 filled with soil for a site for our city. From this lip flow six nearly parallel 
 streams, each about one-fourth to one-half mile from the next. Along these 
 streams grow luxuriant forests of oak, sycamore, cottonvvood, and alder, 
 among which great numbers of higher fungi flourish during the wet season, 
 and their waters abound in algae and other water plants. To this region 
 Dr. Reid and Mr. French have given the name Glacial Terrace. [See 
 page 574.] 
 
 Between this lip and the foot of the mountains extends a sloping plain 
 which bore, when in its natural state, principally herbaceous plants and 
 small shrubs, some of which still remain scattered over the region. The 
 mountain region is traversed by two large canyons that begin near the 
 
6o6 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 summit of Mount Lowe, besides several smaller ones that do not begin so 
 far back in the mountains. It will readily be seen that a region so diversi- 
 fied — a region made up of mountain, canyon, plain, and moist woodland — 
 must have a varied flora. In the woods and canyons algse, fungi, liver- 
 worts, mosses, ferns, and shade-loving seed-plants abound ; on the plain, 
 dwarfed shrubs, cacti, and other plants characteristic of an arid region ; on 
 the mountains, large shrubs, live-oaks, pines, spruces, cedars, and a great 
 variety of smaller plants. 
 
 As an examination of the list will show, every month of the year brings 
 forth some new plants, and during every month some of the higher plants 
 are in bloom. The season of greatest growth is from January to June. It 
 is during this period that the most of the lichens, the higher fungi, the 
 liverworts, the mosses, the ferns, and the herbaceous seed-plants grow and 
 reproduce. During the remainder of the year parasitic fungi flourish, a 
 few mo.sses mature their spores, several Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cheno- 
 podiaceae, Compositse, and some members of other families of seed-plants 
 bloom and muture seeds. Algae are to be found at all seasons of the year 
 where there is sufficient water. Two beautiful species of Floridese grow in 
 abundance throughout the year in the Arroyo Seco, and a great variety of 
 brook-silk, green-felt, water-flannel, and other green algce is always to be 
 found there. The lover and student of plants can find an abundance of 
 specimens to enjoy and study at all seasons of the year. 
 
 The plants of California, especially of the southern part, have not yet 
 been so carefully listed and described as in many of the eastern and 
 southern states. The literature accessible for their identification is still 
 meager. The Botany of the Geological Survey, the works of Professor 
 K. Iv. Greene of the State University, and some works descriptive of all the 
 plants of certain groups found in North America, are the more useful books. 
 The following are the principal works that list or describe plants of our 
 region : Sternberg's Manual of Bacteriology, Wolle's Fresh-water Algae, 
 WoUe's Desmidiaceae, Wolle's Diatomaceae, Pound's Mucoreae of N. A., 
 Ellis and Everhart's Pyrenomycetes, Tuckermann's Lichens, Saccardo's 
 Sylloge Fungorum, Kellerman & Ellis's Journal of Mycology, Morgan's 
 Gastromycetes, Farlow and Seymour's Host-Index, Harvey's Nereis 
 Borealis, Hervey's Sea-mosses, Halsted's Characeae of America, Allen's 
 Characeae of North America, Underwood's Hepaticae of North America, 
 Lesquereux and James's Mosses of N. A., Eaton's F'erns of N. A., Under- 
 wood's Our Native Ferns and Their Allies, Jones's Ferns of the Pacific 
 Coast, Vasey's Grasses of the Southwest, Bailey's Carices of N. A., 
 Morong's Naiadaceae of N. A., Watson's Liliaceae of N. A., Greene's Oaks 
 of the Pacific Coast, Wheelock's Polygala, Trealea.se's Rumex, Trealease's 
 Ivpilobium, Greene's Pittonia, Brewer, Watson and Gray's Botany of Cali- 
 fornia, Gray's Synoptical Flora of N. A., Rattan's Popular Flora, Parish's 
 Plants of Southern California, Davidson's Plants of Los Angeles county. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIEXCE. 607 
 
 Besides the above, several works describiag plants of other regions are 
 useful. Among them are Burrill & Earle's Parasitic Fungi of Illinois, 
 Rabenhorst's Cryptogamic Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 
 Massee's British Fungus-Flora, Cooke's British Fungi, Berkeley's Outlines 
 of Mycology, Phillip's Discomjxetes, Farlow's Marine Algae of New 
 England, Greene's Flora Franciscana, Greene's Manual of the Bay Region, 
 Gray's Manual of Botanj-, Coulter's Rocky Mountain Botany, Chapman's 
 Flora of the Southern States, Coulter's Flora of Texas, Wood's Class-book 
 of Botany, and the Flora of Nebraska b}- the Botanical Seminar of the 
 State University. 
 
 Several plant catalogues of other regions aid much in classification and 
 nomenclature. Among these are Britton's Flora of New Jersey, Wheeler 
 & Smith's Flora of Michigan, Webber's Flora of Nebraska, McMillan's 
 Metaspermae of Minnesota. Millspaugh's Flora of West Virginia, and the 
 Pteridophyta and Spermophyta of the Northeastern United States by the 
 Botanical Club of the Am. Assoc, for Advct. of Sci. 
 
 All plants of doubtful identity have have been sent to specialists for 
 determination, as follows : Perisporiaceae and Pyrenomycetes to J. H- 
 Ellis, Newfield, N. J. ; Discomycetes to A. P. Morgan, Preston, Ohio, J. B. 
 Ellis and C. H. Peck, Albany, N. Y. ; Lichenes to T. A. Williams, Brook- 
 ing, S. D. ; Uredinese to E. W. D. Holway, Decorah, Iowa ; Imperfect 
 Fungi to J. B. Ellis ; Gastromycetes to A. P. Morgan and L. M. Under- 
 wood, Greencastle. Ind. ; Agaricineae to C. H. Peck and F. E. Clements, 
 Lincoln, Neb.; the remaining Hj'menomycetes to A. P. Morgan, L. M. 
 Underwood, and J. B. Ellis ; Hepaticse to L. M. Underwood ; Musci to C. 
 R. Barnes, Madison, Wis., Mrs. E. G. Britton, Columbia College, N. Y., 
 and M. A. Howe, Berkeley, Cal. ; Pteridophyta to L. M. Underwood, and 
 D. C. Eaton, New Haven, Conn. ; Gramineae to F. Lamson-Scribner, 
 Washington, D C. ; Carices to L. H. Bailey, Ithaca, N. Y. ; the remaining 
 Spermaphyta to E. L. Greene. Berkeley, Cal., S. B. Parish, San Bernardino, 
 Cal., and W. L. Jepson, Berkeley, Cal. To all I am greatly indebted for 
 their aid, and wish to express to them my sincere thanks. I have also re- 
 ceived much aid from several of my students, especially Miss Dian Haj-nes 
 and Miss Margaret Morrison. To my wife. Anna Morrison McClatchie, I 
 am especially indebted for continuous aid in collecting, identifj'ing, drawing, 
 and caring for herbarium specimens. 
 
 Unless impracticable, herbarium or microscopic specimens of each 
 species listed have been preser^-ed. Duplicates of a large number of them 
 will also be found in the herbaria of those who have aided in their indenti- 
 fication. The aim has been to give the local place where all species not 
 widel)- distributed have been collected. 
 
 The month or months given as the season of a plant cover the period of 
 reproduction, or when reproductive organs may be found on the plant. 
 
6oS HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 When no period is given, it is to be understood that one or both the abov-e 
 conditions are present all of the year. The elevation of many of the plants 
 is given, and for most of the others the elevation can be inferred from the 
 place where found, by any one fahiiliar with the region. I have also aimed 
 to give the common name of each plant having a good one. When the 
 specific name of a parasitic fungus is formed from the generic name of the 
 host-plant, the initial letter has been used for the genus of the latter. All 
 Agarics stated to be edible have been tested by myself, and several of them 
 by some of my students. 
 
 Of most of the Bacteria listed, and many others not yet identified, pure 
 cultures have been made in my laboratory. The pathogenic Bacteria are 
 not listed. Little effort has been made to identify the Diatoms of the region, 
 hence few of them are listed. Of the Agarics, about fifty collected species 
 remain undetermined ; of Lichens, about ten ; and of Mosses, about the 
 same number. The number of species and varieties listed is 1056, of which 
 a large number were never before collected in the State. Sixty-two of them 
 proved to be new to science. Most of these have been described by group 
 specialists and by myself, in the botanical journals and in the proceedings of 
 scientific societies of America. The place of publication of each new species 
 is cited in the list. Being opposed to the naming of new species after col- 
 lectors, I have attempted to prevent any being given my name, and have 
 succeeded in all cases except one that was published in spite of my protest. 
 
 I have attempted to follow the Rochester rules for nomenclature, but no 
 doubt have failed to do so in many cases. The system of classification used 
 is, in the main, that of Dr. Bessey. In the groups below the Spermaphyta, 
 no smaller subdivision than Bessey 's orders have been used above genera. 
 In the Spermaphyta, family names are used, Bessey 's ordinal names being 
 omitted. 
 
 Throop Biological Laboratory, 
 
 Pasadena, Cal., September 26, 1895. 
 
 PROTOPHYTA. 
 
 CLASS I. MYCETOZOA. Slime Moulds. 
 
 RETICULARIA 15u11. 
 
 R. UMBRiNA Fries. On decaying wood. Frequent. March — May. 
 
 HEMIARCYRIA Rost. 
 
 H. RUBIFORMIS (Per.s.) Rost. On decaying wood. M. C. ■ January — Mav. 
 
 TRICHIA Hall. 
 
 T. VARiA Pers. On decaying wood. M. C. January — April. 
 
 STEMONITIS Gled. 
 
 S. FUSCA Roth. On decaying wood. Frequent. March — September. 
 
 * Abmreviations.— The following abbreviations have been used to designate particular places by local 
 name, where specimens have been found : Lincoln Park I-. P.; Arroyo Seco, A. S.; I. os Rubles Canyon, 
 I,. R. C ; Oak Knoll, <>. K ; oak Knoll Canyon, O. K. C; Wilson Canyon, W. C; Wild r.r.ipe Canyon [.see 
 ]i!\Ke '■'•'']. W. ('.. C; San (~.abriel Mountains, S C.Mts.; Millard Canyon. M. C ; Riibio Canyon, R. C ; 
 l.iltlc Santa Anita Canyon, I,. St. .\. C; Wilsons I'eak, W. }'k.. Mount I.owc, Mt L. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 609 
 
 SPUMARIA Pers. 
 
 S. ALBA (Bull.) DC. On living willow stems. A. S. February — October. 
 
 DIACHEA Fries. 
 
 D. LEUCOPODA (Bull.) Rost. On dead and living leaves. Com. January — April 
 
 BADHAMIA Berk. • 
 
 B. HY.ALINA Berk. On decaying wood in L. R. C February — April. 
 
 FULIGO Hall. 
 
 F. SEPTiCA (Link.) Gmel. On deca3nng wood. Frequent. February — April. 
 
 PHYSARUM Pers. 
 
 P. ciNEREUM (Batsch.) Pers. On small living plants. January — March. 
 
 CLASS II, SCHIZpPHYCE.^. Fission-Plants. 
 Order Cystiphonv. One ceiled bhie-green Algae. 
 
 CHROOCOCCUS Naeg. 
 
 C. COHCERENS (Breb.) Naeg. Common in stagnant water. 
 MERISMOPEDIA Mey. 
 
 M. GLAUCA (Ehrb.) Naeg. In watering-trough. 
 
 Order Nematogenoe. Filamentous blice-green Algae, Bacteria, etc. 
 
 NOSTOC Vauch. 
 
 N. MUSCORUM Ag. Frequent among moss. January — April. 
 
 N. PRUFiFORME (Roth.) \g. Common in running water. 
 
 N. RUPESTRE Kuetz. Among moss on moist banks. 
 
 N. SPHAERICUM Vauch. On wet soil. January — April. 
 ANABAENA Bory. 
 
 A. STAGNALis Kuetz. In moist banks. June — October. 
 OSCILLARIA Bosc. 
 
 O. ANTLiARiA Juerg. In reservoir. 
 
 O. BREvis Kuetz. On wet soil. 
 
 O. MAJOR Vauch. In pond at Oak Knoll, A. S. 
 
 O. TENERRIMA Kuetz. In stagnant water in Arroj'O Seco. 
 
 O. TENUIS Ag. Common. In water and on wet soil. 
 LEPTOTHRIX Kuetz. 
 
 L. CAESPITOSA Kuetz. In watering-trough. 
 CLINDROSPERMUM Kuetz. 
 
 C. COMATUM Wood. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 
 O. FLEXUOSUM (Ag.) Rab. Among moss on moist banks. 
 
 O. MACROSPERMUM Kuetz. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 LYNGBYA Ag. & Thur. 
 
 L. OCHRACEA (Dill) Thur. On a moist bank. 
 
 TOLYPOTHRIX Kuetz. 
 
 T. DisTORTA (Muell.) Kuetz. Rubio Canyon — on rocks under running water. 
 
 MASTIGONEMA (Fisher) Kirch. 
 
 M. AERUGiNEUM (Kuetz.) Kirch. Among damp moss. 
 
 M. FERTILE Wood. In reservoir. 
 HAPALOSIPHON Naeg. 
 
 H. BRAUNii Kuetz. In aquarium in laboratory. 
 
 BEGGIATOA Trevisan. 
 
 B. AivBA (Vauch.) Trev. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 MICROCOCCUS Cohn. 
 
 M. CREPUSCULUM (Ehrb.) Colin. In decaying fish. 
 ASCOCOCCUS Zopf. 
 
 A. BiLROTHii Stern. In putrid vegetable infusion. 
 
 BACILLUS Cohn. 
 
 B. ACETi (Kuetz ) Cohn. In vinegar. 
 
 B. ACIDI LACTici Hueppe. In sour milk. 
 
 39 
 
6io 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 B. FLUORESCENS LIOUEFACIENS Fluegge. Common in water. 
 B. TERMO (Muell.) Cohn. Common in various decaying substances. 
 B. VULGARIS Haus. In decaying meat. 
 SPIRILLUM Ebrb. 
 
 S. RUGUlvA (Muell.) Ehr. Common in decaying substances. 
 
 LoyT^^yiJZ^i Az^^i^CC^A.-'jy 
 
 6RESH-WATER ALG/C. 
 
 I. Cylindrospermum flexitosuni. 2. Nostoc vtuscot um. 3. Cosmarium rordanum \n process oi divis- 
 ion. 4. Spirogyra adnata. 5, Zygnema stellium. 6. Cladophora fracta. 7. Coconeis pediculns ou Clado- 
 phora. 8. Spores of Stigeocloniiini fastigiahtiii in various stajjes of division. 9. Cymbella gaslroides. 
 10. Closterium moniliferum. 11. Cladophora oligoclona. 12. Fediashum boryanum. 13. OsciUaria anti- 
 liaria. 14. Tolypothnx disioyta. All magnified 250 diameters. 
 
 PHYCOPHYTA. 
 
 CLASS I. CHLOROPHYCE^E. 
 
 Order Protococcoideoe. 
 PROTOCOCCUS Ag. 
 
 P. viRiDis Ag. Very common in water and on wet surfaces. 
 SCENEDESMUS Meyen. 
 
 S. DiMORPHLS Kuetz. Common in stagnant water. 
 
 S. OBTUSUS Mey. In aquarium in laljoratory. 
 
 S. ACUTUS Mey. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 6X1 
 
 PEDIASTRUM MEYEN. 
 
 P. BORYANUM (Thurp.) Menegh. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 HYDRODICTYON Roth. 
 
 ^Ji. UTRICULATUM Rotli. Common in streams. 
 PANDORINA Ehrb. 
 
 P. MORUM Bory. Common in stagnant water. 
 GONIUM Muell. 
 
 G. PECTORALE Muell. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 EUDORINA Ehrb. 
 
 E. STAGNATE Wolle. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 EUGLENA Ehrb. 
 
 E. viRiDis (Schrank.) Ehrb. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 
 Order. Conjugatce. Desmids, Diatoms, etc. 
 
 CLOSTERIUM Nitsch. 
 
 C. MONILIFERUM (Bory.) Ehrb. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 
 C. ENSis Delp. In stagnant water at Oak Knoll. 
 CALOCYLINDRUS D. By. 
 
 C. CONNATUS (Breb. ) Kirch, var. minor Nord. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 COSMARIUM Corda. 
 
 C. CORDANUM Breb. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 CYMBEIvLA Agardh. 
 
 C. GASTROIDES Kuetz. Common in stagnant water. 
 COCCONEMA Ehrb. 
 
 C. MEXiCANUM Ehrb. Common in stagnant water. 
 NAVICULA Bory. 
 
 N. SUBINFLATA Grun. In water in Arroyo Seco. 
 GOMPHONEMA Agardh. 
 
 G. ACUMINATUM Ehrb. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 COCONEIS Ehrb. 
 
 C. PEDICULUS Ehrb. On Cladophora in M. C. 
 
 C. CALIFORNICA Grun. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 SYNEDRA Ehrb. 
 
 S. VALENS Ehrb. Common in stagnant water. 
 MERIDION Agardh. 
 
 M. CIRCULARE (Grev.) Ag. Common in stagnant water. 
 MELOSIRA Agardh. 
 
 M. VARi.ANS Ag. Common in stagnant water. 
 MESOCARPUS Hass. 
 
 M. RADICANS Kuetz. Stream in Arroyo Seco. 
 
 M. SCAL.ARis (Hass.) D. B}\ In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco. 
 ZYGNEMA Kuetz. 
 
 Z. STELLIUM Ag. On wet rocks in Rubio canyon. 
 SPYROGYR.\ Link. Pond-scum. "Frog-spittle." Brook-silk. 
 
 S. AENATA Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant water. 
 
 S. fusco-aTra Rab. In stagnant water in Arro3'o Seco. 
 
 S. ORTHOSPiR.\ (Naeg.) Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant and running water. 
 
 S, CRASSA Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant water. . 
 
 S. ouiNiNA ( Ag. ) Kuetz. Com. in stagnant water: Conjugates during April and May. 
 ASCOPHORA Tode. 
 
 A. MUCEDO Tode. (Common black mould.) Common on decaying substances. 
 MUCOR Linn. Black mould. 
 
 M. MUCEDO Linn. Occasional on decaying substances. 
 
 M. RACEMOSUS Fres. On decaying cooked onion. 
 EMPUSA Cohn. 
 
 E. MUSCAE (Fr.) Cohn. (Fly fungus) On flies. 
 
6i2 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Order. Siphonice. 
 VAUCHERIA DC. Green-Felt. 
 
 V. HEMATA (Vauch.) Lyng. Common in running and stagnant water. 
 
 V. SESSiLis (Vauch.) DC. In pond in W. C. • 
 
 V. TERRESTRis Lyng. Frequent on moist soil. 
 S.IPROLEGNIA Nees. Water-mould. 
 
 S. FERAX (Gruith.) Nees. On flies in aquarium in. laboratory. 
 
 BOTRYDIUM Wallr. 
 
 B. GRANUivATUM (L.) Grev. Common on moist soil. January — May. 
 
 ALBUGO S. F. Gray. White rust. 
 
 A. CANDIDA (Pers.) OK. On Shepherd's Purse. February — May. 
 
 Order — Co7ifervoidecB . Water-fiayinel, etc. 
 
 CLADOPHORA Kuetz. Water-flannel. 
 
 C. FRACTA (Dill) Kuetz. var. rigidula Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant and running 
 water. 
 
 C. OLiGOCLONA Kuetz. Common in stagnant and running water. 
 
 ULOTHRIX Kuetz. 
 
 U. ZONATA (W. &■ M.) Ag. In watering-trough. 
 
 CONFERVA Link. 
 
 C. FLOCCOSA Ag. Common in stagnant and running water. 
 
 C. FUGACi.ssiMA Roth. Frequent in stagnant and running water. 
 STIGEOCLONIUM Kuetz. 
 
 S. FASTiGiATUM Kuetz. Common in stagnant and running water. 
 CYLINDROCAPSA Rein. 
 
 C. GEMINELLA Wolle. On shaded soil in Pasadena. February — April. 
 
 DRAPERNALDIA Agardh. 
 
 D. GLOMERATA 'Vauch. ) Ag. Frequent iu stream in Arroyo Seco. March — May. 
 
 CEDOGONIUM Link. 
 
 CE. AUTUMNALE Witt. Stagnant water at Oak Knoll. 
 
 CARPOPHYTA. 
 
 CLASS I. ASCOMYCETES. Sac-Fungi. 
 
 Order Perisporiacece . Simple Sac-Fu7igi. 
 
 SPH.55ROTHECA Lev. 
 
 S. PANNOSA (Wallr.) Lev. On leaves of cultivated roses. December —June. 
 
 ERYSIPHE Hedw. 
 
 E. COMMUNIS (Wallr.) Fr. On cultivated peas. 
 
 CAPNODIUM Mont. 
 
 C. c.«;spiTOSUM E. & E. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894 p. 325. On loquat leaves. 
 C. CITRI B. & D. On orange and lemon leaves. 
 
 EUROTIUM Link. 
 
 E. HERBARiORUM (Wigg.) Lk. Ou various decaying substances. 
 
 Order Pyrenomycetea . Black Fungi. 
 
 ROSELLINIA Ces. & De Not. 
 
 R. AQUiCA (Fr.) De Not. Ou oak bark and grape stems. 
 
 CUCURBITARIA Gray. 
 
 C. STENOCARPA E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On dead stems of Rhus diversiloba. June — 
 September. 
 SPH^RELLA Ces. & De Not. 
 
 S. ARBUTicoLA Pk. On leaves of Uvibelltdaria californica. 
 
 S. siD^ECoivA E. & Pv. Erythea 1:198. On leaves of Sidalcea delphinifolia. March — 
 ^ay. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 613 
 
 STIGMATEA Fries. 
 
 S. GERANNii Fr. On leaves of G. carolinianum. February — April. 
 GNOMONIA Ces. & De Not. 
 
 G. ALNi Plowr. On leaves of A. rhombifolia. June — October. 
 OPHIOBOLUS Riess. 
 
 O. FULGIDUS ;C. & P.) Sacc. On dead Stems in Arroyo Seco. Julv. 
 CLYPEOSPH3RIA Fckl. 
 
 C. HENDERSONiA (Ell.) Sacc. On dead stems. 
 PHYLDACHORA Nitschke. 
 
 P. GRAMiNis (Pers.) Fckl. On Muhlenberg ia mexicana. August — October. 
 NUMMULARIA Tul. 
 
 N. RUMPENS Cke. On oak bark and on sycamore vpood. January — April. 
 HYPOXYLON Bull. 
 
 H. CAUFORNicuM E. & E. (u. sp. in lit. ) On dead stems of Adenostomafasciculatiim. 
 June — September. 
 
 H. occiDENTALE EH. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 345. On dead limbs 
 and trunks. L. R. C. and S. G. JVlts. 
 GIvONIUM Muhl. 
 
 G. LiNEARE (Fr.) Sacc. On old decorticated trunks of Acer macrophyllum. 
 HYSTEROGRAPHIUM Corda. 
 
 H. PROMINENS (P. & H. ) B. & G. On dead limbs. 
 ENDOCARPON (Hedw.) Fr. 
 
 E. MiNiATUM Ach. On rocks. 
 
 Order Discomycetece. Liche7is. Cup-fungi. 
 
 BUELLIA De Not., Tuck, 
 
 B. oiDALEA Tuck. On dead limbs. 
 CLADONIA Hoffm. 
 
 C. FiMBRiATA (L.) Fr. var. Tub.^formis Fr. In soil in San Gabriel mountains. 
 C. furcaTa (Huds.) Fr. var. racemosa F1. Canyon sides. 
 
 C. PYXiDATA (L.) Fr. Canyon sides. 
 URCEOLARIA Tuck. 
 
 U. SCRUPOSA (L.) Nyl. On soil. 
 PERTUvSARIA DC. 
 
 P. MULTiPUNCTA (Turn.) Nyl. On trees. 
 RINODINA Mass. 
 
 R. sophodes (Ach,) Nyl. On trees. 
 LECANORA Ach. Tuck. 
 
 L. PALLESCENS (L.) Schaer. On trees. 
 
 L. PALLIDA (Schaer. var. cancriformis Tuck. On trees. 
 
 L. PRiviGNA (Ach.) Nyl. On rocks. 
 
 L. SUBFusca (L.) Ach. On trees. 
 PLACODIUM (DC.) Naeg. & Hepp. 
 
 P. AURANTiACUM (Lightf.) Naeg. & Hepp. On rocks and trees. 
 
 P. BOLACINUM Truck. On rocks. 
 
 P. CERiNUM (Hedw.) Naeg. & Hepp. var. pvracea Njd. On trees. 
 
 P. FERRUGiNEUM (Huds.) Hepp. On trees. 
 
 P. MURDRUM (Hoffm.) DC. On rocks. 
 LEPTOGIUM Fr. Nyl. 
 
 L. albociliatum Des. On trees and ground in A. S. and S. G. Mts. 
 
 L. palmatum (Huds.) Mont. Among moss in San Gabriel mountains. 
 COLLEMA Hoffm. Fr. 
 
 C. NiGRESCENS (Huds.). Ach. On trees. 
 PANNARIA Delis. 
 
 P. LANUGINOSA (Ach.) Koerb. On rocks and soil in San Gabriel Mts. 
 PELTIGERA (Willd. Hoffm.) Fee. 
 
 P. CANiNW (L.) Hoffm. On rocks and soil among moss. 
 STICTA (Schreb. ) Fr. 
 
 S. PULMONARiA (L.) Ach. On rocks and trees. 
 
 40 
 
6l4 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 UMBILICARIA Hoffm. 
 
 U. PHAEA Tuck. On rocks. 
 PHYCIA (DC, Fr.) Th. Fr. 
 
 P. HiSPiDA (Schreb , Fr.) Tuck. On trees. 
 
 P. OBSCURA (Ehrh.) Nyl. On trees. 
 
 P. STELLARis (Linn.) Tuck. On trees and rocks. 
 PARMELIA (Ach.) De Not. 
 
 P. CAPER.VT.\ (Linn.) Ach On trees and rocks. 
 
 P. CON.'^PERSA (Ehrh.) Ach. On rocks, 
 
 P. OLivACEA (Linn.) Ach. On trees on Mount Lowe. 
 
 P. perlata (Linn.) Ach. 
 
 P. PHYSODES (Linn.) Ach. var. enteromorpha Tuck. On trees above 4000 feet. 
 
 P. TiUACEA Hoffm. Floerk. On trees. 
 THELOSCHISTES Norm. Emend. 
 
 T. chrysophthalmus (Lynn.) Norm. var. A. Com. On shrubs and trees. 
 
 T. LYCHNEUS (Nyl.) Tuck. On trees. 
 USNEA (Dill.) Ach. 
 
 U. BARBATA (Lynn.) Fr. var. .articulat.y Ach. On trees in S. G. Mts. 
 EVERNL\ Ach., Mann. 
 
 E. vur.piNA (Linn.) Ach. On coniferous trees above 3,500 feet. 
 CETRARIA (Ach.) Fr. Muell. 
 
 C. CALIFORNICA Tuck. Ou trees. 
 RAMALINA Ach., De Not. 
 
 R. CALCARis (Linn.) Fr. var. fraxinea Fr. On trees. 
 
 R. LAEVIGATA Fr. On trees. 
 
 R. MENZiESii Tuck. On trees. 
 
 R. RETICULATA (Noehd) Krem. On telephone poles. 
 RHYTIvSMA Fries. 
 
 R. PUNCTATUM Pers. On leaves of Acer macrophyllum. July — October. 
 TAPHRINA Tul. 
 
 T. DEFORMANS (Berk.) Tul. (Peach Curl.) On peach leaves. April — June. 
 CRYPTODISCUS Corda. 
 
 C. ATROViRENS (Fr.) Corda. On dried shrub in S. G. Mts. August. 
 LACHNELLA Fries. Cup-fungus. 
 
 L. CONFUS.A (Linn.) Fr. On decaying wood. January — April. 
 LACHNEA Fries. Cup-fungus. 
 
 L. SCUTELLATA (Linn.) Fr. Com. On moist soil and decaying wood. 
 PSEUDOPEZIZA Fckel. 
 
 P. MKDiCAGiNis Sacc. On leaves of alfalfa. 
 
 P. TRiFOLii (Bernh.) Fckl. On leaves of white clover. 
 PEZIZA Dill. Cup-fungus. 
 
 P. CHRYSOCOMA (Bull.) C. & E. On decaying wood. February — April. 
 
 P. SUBREP.\NDA C. & P. Moist soil at Oak Knoll. January — April. 
 
 P. viOLACEA (Gill.) Pers. Moist soil in Arroyo Seco. February — April 
 
 P. VESCICULOSA Bull. Frequent in nioist soil. December — April. 
 HELVELLA Fries. 
 
 H. CALIFORNICA Phil. Common under trees at Oak Knoll. Januarj- — .^pril. 
 
 H. CRiSPA Fr. Under trees at Oak Knoll. April. 
 
 H. LACUNOSA Afz. Frequent in shaded soil at Oak Knoll and A. S. Feb. — .\pril. 
 MORCHELLA Dill. Morel. 
 
 M. C0Nic.\ Pers. Occasional in shaded soil. February — May. 
 
 Order Uredhiea'. Rusts. 
 
 UROMYCEvS Link. 
 
 U. BETViv Kuehn. IL On cultivated beets. 
 
 U. CARVOPHYLLiNUS (Schrk.) Schrt. On garden pink iDiant/uts.) 
 
 IT. CHORiZANTius P:;11. & Hark. HL On C statkoiiies. June — August. 
 
 U. ERioooNi (?) Ell. & Hark. II. On E. clongalum and E. saxatile. May — Oct. 
 
 U. EUPHORBMv C. & V. 11, in. On E. serpyllifolia. June — September. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 615 
 
 U. JUNCi (Desm.) Tul. II, III. On J. balticus.J. robustus, and J. xiphioides. Feb- 
 ruary — October. 
 U. LUPiNi B. & C. I, II & III. On L. albifrons, L. formosus bridgesii, and 
 
 L. cytisoides. March — July. 
 U. POLYGONi (Pars.) Fckl. II. On P.aviculare. June — August. 
 U. TEREBiNTHi (DC.) Wiut. II & III. On RliusdiversUoba. August. 
 U. TRiFOLii (A. & S.) Wint. I & III. On T. gracilentum, T. niacrei, T. micro- 
 
 cephalum, T. cilw/aium and T. rosciduni. April — June. 
 U. ZYGADENUS (?) Pk. II. On Z . fremoiiti. March — April. 
 PUCCINIA Pars. 
 
 P. ACHYRODis Diet. & Hoi. (n. sp. in lit.) III. On A. aureum. June — August. 
 
 P. AMORPH.5 Curt. III. On A. Californica J.uly — September. 
 
 P. BACCHARiDis Diet. & Hol. Erythea i: 250. II & III. OnB. viminea. June — 
 
 November. 
 P. CARicis (Schum.) Rab. II & III. C. barbarcs and C . filifortnis latifolia. 
 P. CLARKi^ Pk. I & III. On Zaiischneria californica ; III. On QLnothera bis- 
 
 torta and Godetia bottce. May — July. 
 P. coxvoLVULi (Pars. ) Cast. II & III. On C . occidentalis. June — August. 
 P. CORONATA Corda. II & III. On Nolens lanatus. May — September. 
 P. DIGITATA Ell. & Hark. III. On Rhamnus crocea. 
 
 P. EULOBi Diet. & Hol. Erythea 1:249. I & III. On E. calijornicus. April— Aug. 
 P. FLOSCULOSORUM (A. & S. ) Roehl. III. On Cardiitis californicus and C. occiden- 
 
 ialis. Feljruary — July. 
 P. GALii [Pers.] Schw. II & III. On G. californicum, G. cinereum, and G. 
 
 nuttallii^ Ma\' — September. 
 P. GiLi-E Hark. III. On G. attractyloides. June — August. 
 P. GRAMiNELLA (Speg. ; Diet. &. Hol. III. On Stipa eminens. March — June. 
 P. GRAMiNis Pers. II & III. On A. fatiia, A. saliva. Elymiis condensatus, E. 
 
 Irilicoides, and cultivated barle}'. 
 P. HARKNESSii Vize. III. On Ptiloria cichoriacecs ,}nn& — August. 
 P. HELiANTHii Schw. II & III. On H. anmiiis. 
 
 P. HiERACii (Schum.) Mart. III. On Malacothrix tenuifolia. July. 
 P. INVESTITA Schw. I & III. On Gnaphaliufn californicion. July. 
 P. jONESir Pk. III. On Velaa arguta. April — ^July. 
 P. MALVACEARUM Mont. III. On M. parviflora and hollyhock. 
 P. NODOSA Ell. & Hark. III. On Brodicea capilata. April. 
 P. MCCL-ATCHiANA Diet. & Hol. Erythea 11 : 127. III. On Scirpus sylvaticus 
 
 microcarpus. 
 P. MELLiFERA Diet. & Hol. Ervthea 1 :25i. I & III. On Salvia mellif era. May 
 
 -July. 
 P. MEXTH.i; Pers. II & III. On M. canadensis. June — September. 
 P. PALEFACiENS Diet. & Hol. Erythea II : 128, III. On arabais holbcellii. Feb- 
 
 ruan,^ — April. 
 P. PiMPiNELL^ (Straus. )L k. III. On Osmorrhaza brachyopoda. April — May. 
 P. POLYGONi-AMPHiBii Pars. II. On P. acre. 
 P. PROCERA Diet. & Hol. Erythea 1:249. ^ & HI- 0*1 Elymus condensatus, 
 
 E triticocoides, and E. a)nericanus. 
 P PRUNi-spiNOS^i: Pers. II & III. On leaves of cultivated plums, peaches and 
 
 apricots. July — October. 
 P. PULVERULENTA Grev. III. On Ephilobium paniculattim. September. 
 P. RECONDITA Diet. &. Hol. Erythea 11: 128. III. On Artemisia vulgaris cali- 
 fornica. September — April. 
 P. RUBiGO-VERA (DC.) Wint. II & III. On wheat Bromus hookerianus and Hor- 
 
 deuni murinum. March — November. 
 P. TAX.\CETi DC. II & III. On Artemisia vulgaris californica. July — November. 
 P. XANTHii Schw. III. On A', strumarium. August — October. 
 
 PHRAGMIDIUM Link. 
 
 P. SUBCORTICIUM (Schr.) Wint. On leaves and stems of Rosa californica and culti- 
 vated roses. 
 P RUBi-iDAEi ( ? ) (Pers.) Wint. II. On leaves, stems, and fruit of cultivated 
 blackberries. July — October. 
 .ECIDIUM Pers. Cluster Cups. 
 
 .E. CLEMATiDis DC. On C. ligustici folia. March — July. 
 
 -E. EUPHORBi.E Gmel. On E. albomarginata and E. serpyllijolia. July — September. 
 
6l6 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 2£, PHACELi^^ Pk. On P. raniossissima. February — April. 
 
 JE. ROEsrELioiDES E. & E. On Sidalcea delphinifolia. March — May. 
 
 2^. URTic^ Schuni. On U. holosericea. February — April. 
 UREDO Pers. 
 
 U. FILICUM (Lk.) Chev. Ou Gymnogramnie triangtdaris. January — April. 
 
 U. PTERiniS Diet. & Hoi. Erythea ii: 127. On P. aquili?ia. February. 
 MELA.M PSORA Cast. 
 
 M. SALicrs-CAPFE.-jE; (Pers.) Wint. II. On 6". lasiolepis. June — August. 
 PUCCINIASTRUM Otth. 
 
 P. EPiLOBii (Chain.) Otth. II. Oa E. adenocaulon occidentale . 
 
 Order Usiilaginece. ^muts. 
 
 USTILAGO Pers. Smit. 
 
 U. AUSTRO-AMERICWNA Speg. On Polys^uJium nodosum. September — November. 
 
 U. AVEN.E iPers. ) Jens. On cultivated oats. April — June. 
 
 U. BROMiNORA Fisch. de Wald. On B. hookerianiis. April — June. 
 
 U. HORDEi (Pers.) K. & S. On cultivated barley. April — June. 
 
 IMPERFECT FUNGI. 
 
 Order Sphaerobsidecc. • 
 
 PHYLLOSTICTA Pers. 
 
 P. FERAX Ell. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 355. Ou leaves of Lupirtus 
 formosus bridgesii. Sierra Madre. April. 
 DIPLODIA Fries. 
 
 D. UMBELLULARi.^; E. & E. (u. sp. in lit.) On U. calijornica. July — October. 
 HENDERSONIA Mont. 
 
 H. UMBELLULARi.^ E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On U. califortiica. July — October. 
 ASCOCHYTA Lib. 
 
 A. GRAMINICOLA Lib. On Poa Annua. December — March. 
 
 A. MENziEsii EU. & Ev. (n. sp. in lit.) On leaves of Arbutus menziesii. S. G. 
 Mts. February. 
 ACTINONEMA Fries. 
 
 A. ROS^; (Lib.) Fr. On leaves of P. calif ornica. 
 SEPTORIA Fries. 
 
 S. ALNiFOLiA E. & E. On leaves of ^. rhonibifolia. April — November. 
 
 S. DULCAMAR^E Desm. On leaves of Solanuni douglasii. January — i\Ia\-. 
 
 S. FUMOSA Pk. On leaves of Solidago californica. May — October. 
 
 S. IRREGULARIS Pers. On leaves of Rhus diversiloba. July — October. 
 
 S. MiMULi Pvll & Kell. On leaves of iM . gluthiosus. June — August. 
 
 S. CENOTHER-E Westd. On leaves of CE. biennis. June — October. 
 
 S. POLVGONORUM Desm. On leaves of P. nodosum. June — November. 
 
 S. RHAMNI-CATHARTIC.4-; Ces. On leaves of R. californica. 
 
 S. RUBi Westd. On leaves of R. ursipus. 
 
 S. SCROPHULARI^E Pk. On leaves of Ji. californica. January — May. 
 SPHAEROPSIS Lev. 
 
 S. ALXi C. & E. On bark of A. rhombifolia. 
 ENTOMOSPORIUM Lev. 
 
 E. MACULATUM Lev. On leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia. 
 AMEROSPORIUM Speg. 
 
 A. CINCTUM EU. & Ev. (n. sp. in lit.) On stems of Gladiolus. July. 
 
 Order Melo7iconieoe. 
 
 GLOEOSPORIUM Desm. & Mont. 
 
 G. CERCOCARPi Ell. & Ev. Erythea 11:25. O" leaves of C. parvifolius. June — 
 
 August. 
 G. PHYLLACHOROIDKS Ell. & Ev. Erythea 1:201. On leaves of Artemisca vulgaris 
 
 califorjiica. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCK. 617 
 
 CYLINDROSPORIUM Unger. 
 
 C. CEANOTHi Ell & Ev. On leaves of C. divaricatus. June — August. 
 
 C. ToxicODENDRi (Curt.) Ell & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat Sc. VII: 460. On leaves 
 of Rhus diver siloba. July — October. 
 MELANCONIUM Link. 
 
 M. ACERINUM EU. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 373. On dead limbs of 
 A. niacrophylhun. February and April. 
 
 M. BICOLOR Nees. On bark of Alniis rhombifolia. July — October. 
 MARSONIA Fisch. 
 
 M. POTENTir^LAE (Desm.) Fisch. On leaves of P. californica. March — July. 
 
 Order Hyphomyceteae . 
 OIDIUM Link. 
 
 O. ERYSiPHOiDES Fr. On Phacelia raniossissima, P. whitlavia, Stachys californica, 
 Heterotheca grandijiora, Anthetnis cotiila, Galium aparine, Artemisia vulgaris 
 californica, and Helianthus annuus. 
 O. MONiLioiDES Lk. On Bromis americanus. 
 TRICHODERMA Pers. 
 
 T. LiGNORUM (Tode. ) Hartz. On decaying wood. January — April. 
 BOTRYTIS Michx. 
 
 B. VULGARIS Fr. On withered rose petals. 
 PENICILLIUM Lk. 
 
 P. GLAUCUM Lk. On all kinds of decaying matter. 
 RAMILARIA Ung. 
 
 R. DECiPiENS Ell & Ev. On leaves of Rutnex crispus. 
 
 R. MELiLOTi Ell. & Ev. Erythea II : 26. On M. indica. Oct. 
 
 R. URTicAE Ces. On U. holosericea. 
 CERSPORELLA vSacc. 
 
 C. PROLiFiCANS E. & E. On Sambucus glauca. April — November. 
 TORULA Pers. * 
 
 T. SPORiDESMOiDES EH. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 377. On bark of 
 dead limbs. 
 HORMISCIUM Kunze. 
 
 H. STiLBOSPORA (Corda) Sacc. On decaying wood. 
 BACTRIDIUM Kunze. 
 
 B. ELLisii Beck. On decaying wood. February — April. 
 DEMATIUM Pers. 
 
 D. viNosuM Mass. On culture media in laboratory. 
 
 SCOLECOTRICHUM Kunze G Schm. 
 
 S. AScr^EPiADis EU. & Ev. Erythea I : 203. On leaves of A. eriocarpa. June — 
 November. 
 
 S. GRAMiNis Fckl. On cultivated barley and oats. 
 FUSICLADIUM Bon. 
 
 V. DEPRESSUM B. & Br. On Velaea arguta. June — .\ugust. 
 
 CLADOSPORIUM Link. 
 
 C. AROMATicuM E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On leaves of Rhus aromatica. July — Aug. 
 C. CARPOPHiLUM Thm. On ripe apricots. July — August. 
 
 C. EPiPHYLLU.M Pers. On leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. 
 C. HERBARUM (Pers.( Link. On various parts of decaying plants. 
 C. PAEON.^ Sacc. On leaves of P. californica. May — August. 
 C. TYPHARUM Desm. On T. latifolia. 
 CERCOSPORA Fries. 
 
 C. BETICOLA Sacc On beet leaves. 
 
 C. CIRCUMCISSA Sacc. On leaves of Prunus illicifolia. 
 
 C. CLAViCARPA E. & E. Erythea 11:26. On Ptiloria virgata. Jul)' — September. 
 
 C. CROTONis E. & E. On leaves of C. californicus. June — v'^eptember. 
 
 C. EPiLOBii Schn. On leaves of E. adeuocanloti occidentale. July — September. 
 
 C. HETEROMELES Hk. On leaves of H. arbutifolia. June — November. 
 
 C. NASTURTii Pass. On leaves of A'', officinale. July — September. 
 
 41 
 
6l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 C. RosrcoLA Pass. Ou leaves of cultivated roses and R. californica. July — 
 
 September. 
 C. SAURURi E. & E. On leaves of Anenwpsis californica. June — October. 
 C. souALin.A Pk. On leaves of Clematis ligusticifolia. July — November. 
 C. viOL.iC Sacc. On leaves of cultivated violets. 
 
 C. VITICOLA (Ces.) Sacc. On leaves of W californica and cultivated grapes. June 
 — October. 
 HETEROSPORIUM Klotzsch. 
 
 H. EUCALYPTI E. & E. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 381. On E. globulus 
 
 leaves. November. 
 U. EUCALYPTI E. &. E. var. maculicolum (n. var. in lit.) On leaves of Eriodic- 
 
 tyon calif oy7iicuin. June — August. 
 H. phraomites (Opiz) Klot. On corn leaves. September — November. 
 CONOTHECIUM Corda. 
 
 C. UMBELLULARL-E E. & E. (,n. sp. in lit. j On stems of U . californica. June — 
 October. 
 MACROSPORIUM Fries. 
 
 M. caudaTum C. & E. On dead leaves of Vitis californica. August. 
 
 M. MAYDis C. & E. On corn leaves. 
 
 M. PELAKGONii Ell & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 3S3. On leaves of 
 
 cultivated Geranium, p-ebruary. 
 M. .SOLANI Ell. & Mart. On potato leaves. 
 STEMPHYLIUM Walk. 
 
 S. MACRO.SPOROIDEUM B. & Br. On culture media in laboratory. 
 S. ALTERNARi.E Cke. On culture media in laboratory. 
 EPICOCCUM Lk. 
 
 E- NEGLECTUM Uesm. On corn leaves. September — November. 
 PODOSPORIELLA Ell. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 385. 
 
 P. HUMILIS E. & E. Ibid. On leaves of Garrya veatchii. June — October. 
 
 CLASS III. BASIDIOMYCETES. Puff-Bails, Toadstools, Pore-Fungi. 
 Order Gasteromycetece. Puff-balls. 
 
 PHALLUS Mich. Stink-horn. 
 
 P. RAYENELii B. & C. Frequent in rich soil and in lawns. October — March. 
 SECOTIUM Mont. 
 
 S. DECIPIEN.S Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Common along gutters. 
 
 GEASTER Mich. Earth-star. 
 
 G. LIMB.ATUS Fr. O.K.; A. S. under trees. February — April. 
 
 G. MINIMIS Schw. Oak Knoll. February — April. 
 
 G. SACCATus Vr. Arroyo Seco. March. 
 ASTR/EUS Morg. Hygrometric Earth-star. 
 
 A. HYGROMETRicus (Pers.) Morg. Com. under trees. January — March. 
 TYLOSTOMA Pers. Stalked puff-ball. 
 
 T. CAMPESTKE Morg. Along Wilson Trail and in dry soil at Devil's Gate. Janu- 
 ary — ^July. 
 CALVATIA Fr. Puff-ball. 
 
 C. c.^:lata Bull. In rich soil. February — April. 
 
 C. FRAGiM.s Vitt. In lawn and along Wilson Trail, 4,000 feet. January — October. 
 
 C. HESPERIA Morg. (n sp. in lit.) Along streets and in yards. November — De- 
 cember. 
 LYCOPERDON Tourn. Puff-ball. 
 
 L. CEP.'ESFORME Bull. Oak knoll. January — March. 
 
 L. MOELE Pers. Along street. December — March. 
 CATASTOMA MoVg. 
 
 C. CIRCUMCI.S.SUM (B. & C.) Morg. Along street. February — March. 
 BOVISTA Dill. Puff-ball. 
 
 B. AMMOpniLA Lev. Com. below 2,000 feet. December — March. 
 SELERODERMA Pers. 
 
 S. VULGAR!'; Vx. I'fcquent ill rich soil. September — ^January. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 
 
 619 
 
 CYATHUS Hall. 
 
 C. VERNicosus (Bull.) DC. On decaying wood and in soil. March— May. 
 CRUCIBULUM Tul. Bird-nest fungus. 
 
 C. VULGARE Tul. On decaying wood and in soil in and near the A. S. February 
 — April. 
 
 Order — Hymeno7nycetes, Toadstools, Pore-Fiingi, etc. 
 AMANITA Fries. 
 
 A. PHAi.T,oiDES Fr. Com. under oak trees. February— April. Poisonous. 
 AMANITOPSIS Roze. 
 
 A. VELOSA Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Com. under oaks. February— May. Edible. 
 IvEPIOTA Fries. 
 
 Iv. ANGUSTANA Britz. Frequent under trees. December — February. 
 
 Iv. FUI.VODISCA Peck. Tor. Bull. 22. 198. Among moist leaves in Arroyo Seco. 
 
 January. 
 L. NAUCINOIDES Pk. Abundant in lawns. August— November. Rdible. 
 ARMILLARIA Fries. 
 
 A. MELLEA Vahl. Com. at base of trees and stumps. September — ^January. Edi- 
 ble. 
 A. MELLEA Vahl. Var: nigripes Pk. (n. var. in ht.) On willow trunk in W. C. 
 December. 
 
 TRICHOLOMA Fries. Pers. 
 
 T. EQUESTRE Linn. Among leaves under oaks. February. 
 
 T. MEivAi^EUCUM Peri. Under oaks in W. C. January. 
 
 T. NUDUM Bull. Frequent under trees. January — March. 
 
 T. RUssuLA Schaef. Under oaks in O. K. C. February. 
 COLLYBIA Fries. 
 
 C. albogrisea Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. Frequent in W. C. January and February. 
 
 C. DRYOPHILA Bull. Frequent among leaves under trees. January and February. 
 
 
 f II 
 
 MYCENA ACICULA. 
 Two-thirds natural size. 
 
620 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 MYCENA Fries. 
 
 M. ACICUL.'V Schaef. On decaying wood. Februarj'. 
 
 M. ATROALBOIDES Pk. .abundant among wet leaves. December — February. 
 M. EivKGANTUiv.\ Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. Abundant among wet leaves. Decem- 
 ber — February. 
 
 RUSSULA Fries. 
 
 R. KMETic.\ Fr. Com. under oaks. November — Marcli. Poi.sonous. 
 
 LACTARIUS Fries. 
 
 L. CAMPHORaTu,S Fr. Com. under oaks. January — March. 
 
 L. INSULSUS Fr. Com. under oaks. January — March. 
 CLITOCYBP: Fries. 
 
 C. pusilla Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. On manure. February. 
 
 C. TORTiLis Bolt. In moist soil in A. S. February. 
 OMPHALIA Fries. 
 
 O. pyxidata Bull. On moist banks. December — February. 
 
 O. PYXiD.\TA Bull. var. fi'RCAT.\ Pk. (n. var. in lit.) Com. in waste soil. Janu- 
 ary — March. 
 
 PLEUROTUS Fries. 
 
 P. ostrEATUS Jacq. (Oyster mushroom.) On decaying wood. January — March, 
 
 Edible. 
 P. .s.\PiDUS Kalch. On decaying wood. January — March. Edible. 
 
 HYGROPHORUS Fries. 
 
 H. ERUBE.SCENS Fr. Com. under oaks. December — ^January. 
 
 LENZITES Fries. 
 
 L. BETUUNA Fr. On oak stumps in M. C. and in W, C. January — March. 
 
 SCHIZOPHYLLUM Fries. 
 
 S. COMMUNE Fr. Com. on decaying logs. 
 VOLVARIA Fries. 
 
 V. SPECIOSA Fr. Com, in grain fields and waste ground. Jan. — March. Edible. 
 
 ENTOLOMA Fries. 
 
 E. FKRUOINANS Pk. Tor. Bull 22:200. Abundant under oaks. January — April. 
 Edibles. 
 LEPTONIA Fries. 
 
 L. EDULiS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:201. Frequent in grass and among weeds. December 
 — February. Edible. 
 
 ECCILIA Fries. 
 
 E. NIGRICANS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. Abundant in waste soil. December — March. 
 Edible. 
 PHOLIOTA Fries. 
 
 P. ANOMALA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. Among leaves iii A. S. January — ^March. 
 
 P. PR.A.ECOX Pers. In grass. March — ^June. 
 
 PLUTEOIvUvS Fries. 
 
 P. LUTEUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203. Among leaves and grass under trees. February 
 — March. 
 
 BOLBITIUS Fries. 
 
 B. FR.VOiLis Fr. var. ai^bipES Pk. ;n. var. in lit.) In grass. January. 
 B. TENER Berk. In lawns. April — ^June. 
 
 HEBEIvOMA Fries. 
 
 H. FOEDATUM Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. In grass along streets. January — March. 
 
 H. I.SCHNOSTVI.UM Cke. Among leaves in the A. S. January — March. 
 
 H. MESOPHOEUM Fr. Among moss in A. S. December — March. 
 NAUCORIA Fries. 
 
 N. MEMNOIDES Fr. In grass. March — May. 
 
 N. SEMiOKBtcuLARis Bull. Com. among grass and weeds, p-el^ruary— June. 
 
 GALERA Fries. 
 
 G. LATERITIA Fr. In lawns. .April — June. 
 
 G. OVAij.s Fr. In rich soil. I'ebruary — June. , 
 
 G. TEN1';ra Schaeff. In lawns. Very common. 
 TUBARIA vSmith. 
 
 T. PALLESCEN.s Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. On leaves and slicks under trees. Janu- 
 ary — March. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 
 
 621 
 
 A. J. McClatcliie, del. 
 
 PLUTEOLUS LUTEUS. 
 f One-half natural size. 
 
 CREPIDOTUS Fries. 
 
 C. HEPATizoN Berk. On decaying stumps in A. wS. December^March. 
 C. HERBARUM Pk. On leaves and sticks in A. S. January — March. 
 C. SUBVKRANTUS Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Com. on leaves and sticks. December — 
 April. 
 
 CORTINARIUS Fries. 
 
 C. viRGATUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203. Among leaves under trees at O. K. February. 
 AGARICUS Linn. 
 
 A. CAi,iFORNicus Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203. Com. under oaks. December — February. 
 Edible. 
 
 A. CAMPESTER L. (Common mushroom.) In forging shop and in gardens. Bdible. 
 STROPHARIA Fries. 
 
 S. BiLAMELLATA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:204. Along street. January. Edible. 
 
 S. SEMiGivOBATA Batsch. In lawns. April — ^June. 
 
 S. STERCORARIA Fr. On manure in woods. December — March. 
 HYPHOLOMA Fries. 
 
 H. APPENDICULATUM Bull. Ameng leaves in W. C. January — February. 
 
 H. FASCiculvARE Hud. At base of stumps, A. S., R. C. January — March. 
 
 H. INCERTUM Pk. In soil under trees. December — F'ebruary. 
 
 H. LONGiPES Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:204. Among wet leaves in canons. Januarj' — 
 March. 
 
 H. MADEomscuM Pk. Among leaves in in D. R. C. January — February. 
 
 H. PERPLEXUM Pk. On rotten wood in R. C. March. 
 PSATHYRELIvA Fries. 
 
 P. DISSEMINATA Pers. At the base of stumps. December — March. 
 PANAEODUS Fries. 
 
 P. DIGRESSUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:205. On manure. July. 
 
622 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 P. INTERMEDIUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:205. In sandy soil along streets and in washes. 
 January — March. 
 
 P. RETiRUGi.s Fr. In rich soil. April — June. 
 
 P. SUB-B.\LTKATU,S B. & Br. Common in lawns. April — ^June. 
 COPRINUS Pers. (Dissolving Toadstools.) 
 
 C. CALVPTRATU.S Pk. In rich cultivated soil. March — May. 
 
 C. cOM.\TUS I'V. (Shaggy-maned mushroom.) In rich soil. Edible. 
 
 C. CONGREGA'rrs Bull. In rich soil. March. 
 
 C. LAGOPUS Fr. In manure. January — March. 
 
 C. Mic.\CEUS Fr. At base of trees and stumps. December — April. 
 
 C. PLICATIIJS Fr. In rich soil. March. 
 
 C. Pi.UMBEUS Pk. In lawn. June — August. 
 
 C. RADIATUS Fr. On manure. March. 
 BOLETUS Dill. Stalked Pore-fungus. 
 
 B. SUBTOMENTOSUS L. Com. uuder trees. December — April. 
 POLYPORUS Mich. Pore-fuugus. 
 
 P. ADU.STUS (Willd.) Fr. On decaying logs and stumps. December — March. 
 
 P. BULBiPE.S Fr. San Gabriel Mts. March — May. 
 
 P. DENDRTTicus Fr. On decaying boards. January — March. 
 
 P. GIL\"US Schw. On decaying oak. 
 
 P. LEUCOMELAS Fr. San Gabriel Mts. March — May. 
 
 P. LEUSCULUM B. & C. On decaying oak. 
 
 P. ROSEiis A. & S. On decaying Pseudotsiiga in San Gabriel Mts. 
 
 P. SCRUPIRUS Fr. On decaying wood. 
 
 P. SULPHURKUS (Bull.) Fr. On decayed wood. February — April. 
 
 FOMES Fries. 
 
 F. APPLAN-A-TL'S (Pers.) Wallr. On decaying oaks. December — May. 
 
 F. iGNiARius (L.) Fr. On decaying oak. 
 
 F. ivUCiDUS (Leys.) Fr. On decaying oak. January — April. 
 
 POLYSTICTUS Fries. 
 
 P. HiRSUTUS Fr. On decaying wood. January — ^June. 
 
 P. PERGAMKNUS Fr. On decaying Pseudotsuga in San Gabriel Mts. 
 
 P. VERSICOEOR (L.) Fr. On decaying wood. December — April. 
 
 HirHoLuviA I- Abv^lv^ULARE. 
 Two-fifths naturiil .si/.e. 
 
DIVISION KIGHT--SCIKNCK. 623 
 
 TRAMETES Fries. 
 
 T. PECKii Kalch. On decaying wood. 
 
 FAVOLUS Fries. 
 
 E. PURPURASCENS B. & C. On decaying wood in San Gabriel Mts. 
 
 MERULIUS Hall. 
 
 M. CORIUM Fr. On decaying oak. December — May. 
 
 M. ivACHRYMANS Fr. On moist soil and decaying wood. January — April. 
 PHLEBIA Fries. 
 
 P. MERISMOIDES Fr. On decaying bark. January — April. 
 RADULUM Fries. 
 
 R. ORBICULARE Fr. On decaying bark. January — April. 
 HYDNUM Linn. 
 
 H. OCHRACEUM Pers. On decaying oak bark. March — May. 
 STERUM Pers. 
 
 S. AtBOBADiUM Schw. On burnt and decaying wood and bark. 
 
 S. GALEATii Berk. On oak bark. 
 
 S. HIRSUTUM (Willd.) Fr. On oak bark. Common. 
 
 S. MOLLE Lev. On oak bark. 
 
 S. PURPUREUM Pers. On decaying wood and bark. 
 
 S. SPADICEUM Fr. On oak bark. 
 
 S. TRISTE B. & C. On burnt wood. 
 
 S. VERSICOLOR (Schw.) Fr. Com. on oak bark. 
 CORTICIUM Fries. 
 
 C. CARNEUM B. & C. On decaying wood. 
 
 C. CINEREUM (Pers.) Fr. On stems of Adenostonia. 
 
 C. COMEDEUS (Nees.) Fr. On decaying oak branches. 
 
 C. LACTEUM Fr. On decaying sycamore. January — April. 
 
 C. SEBACEUM (Cke.) Mass. On moss. January. 
 
 HYMENOCHAETE Lev. 
 
 H. RUBIGINOSA (Schr.) Lev. On decaying roots and stumps. 
 PENIOPHORA Cooke. 
 
 P. MORICOLA Berk. On dry wood. 
 
 P. OCHRACEA (Fr.) Mass. On decaying sycamore. 
 
 P. OUERCINA (Fr. ) Cke. On oak bark. 
 CONIOPHORA D. C. 
 
 C. FUMOSA Pers. On sycamore bark. 
 CLAVARIA Vaill. 
 
 C. CORALLOiDES Linn. Among leaves at O. K. January — March. 
 
 C. GRISEA Pers. Among leaves at O. K. January — March. 
 
 C. INAEQUALIS Berk. Among leaves at O. K. January — March. 
 
 C. iviGULA Fr. Under oaks at O. K. January — March. 
 TREMELLA Dill. 
 
 T. AURANTIA Schw. On decaying wood. December — March. 
 
 T. iNFi^ATA Fr. On rotton wood. March. 
 EXIDIA Fries. 
 
 E. GLANDUtoSA Fr. On dead oak branches. December — March. 
 
 CLASS IV. RHODOPHYCE.^. 
 
 Order Floridece. 
 
 BATRACHOPERMUM Roth. 
 
 B. GELATINOSUM (L.) Woods. Stream in Arroyo Seco. 
 B. VAGUM Ag. Streams in A. S. and M. C. 
 
624 HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 BRYOPHYTA. 
 CLASS I. HEPATIC^E. Liverworts. 
 
 Order RicciacecB. 
 RICCIA Linn. 
 
 R. AGGREGATA I'tid. Bot. Gaz. 19:275. Com. on bank and trodden soil. Decem- 
 ber — April. 
 R. ARVENSI.S Aust. var. hirta Aust. Com. on banks and in gravelly soil below 3000 
 
 feet. December — April. 
 R. GLAUCA Linn. Shaded soil. Januarj^ — April. 
 SPH.F.ROCARPUS Mich. 
 
 S. TERRKSTRis Mich. var. californicus Aust. Com. on moist compact soil. Jan- 
 uary — April. 
 
 Order Marchantiacea . 
 MARCHANTIA Linn. 
 
 M. POLYMORPHA Linn. Wet soil. O. K. ; A. S. ; Wilson Trail. 
 GRIMALDIA Raddi. 
 
 G. CALIFORNICA Gottsche. Shaded soil, Wilson Trail, 4000 feet. March— June. 
 CRYPTOMITRIUM Aust. 
 
 C. TENERUM Aust. Moist, shaded soil in canyons, below 3000 feet. March — ^June. 
 ASTERELLA Pal. de Beauv. 
 
 A. CALIFORNICA (Hauipc.) Und. Com. on shaded soil below 5000 fee^t. Novem- 
 ber — April. 
 A. NUDATA (Howe) Und. Frequent in gravelly soil Ijelow 2,000 feet. February — 
 April. 
 AYTONIA Forst. 
 
 A. ERYTHROSPERMA (SuUiv.) Und. Wet soil. R. C. Wilson Trail, 5,000 feet. 
 March— May. 
 LUNULARIA Mich. 
 
 L. CRUCIATIA (Linn.) Dum. Com. in green-houses. 
 TARGIONIA Mich. 
 
 T. HYPOPHYLLA lyinu. Com. on shaded banks below 4,000 feet. December — 
 April. 
 
 Order Anthocerotacecs . 
 
 ANTHOCEROS Linn. Horned-liverwort. 
 
 A. FUSii-'ORMi.s Aust. Moist soil. Not common. March — May. 
 
 A. LAEVis L. Frequent on wet rocks along streams. January — September. 
 
 Order Jung ennani ace ce. Scale-mosses. 
 
 FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi. 
 
 V. LONGI.SETA Aust. Com. on shaded banks. December — .April. 
 FRULLANL\ Raddi. Scale-mos.s. 
 
 M. BOLANDKRi Aust. Bark on trees in S. G. Mts. December — June. 
 MADOTHECA Dumort. Scale-moss. 
 
 M. Boi.ANDERi Aust. Com. on rock in S. G. Mts. December — April. 
 
 GLASS II. MUSCI. 
 
 Order Brvacea-. True Mosses. 
 EUCLADH-M Br. .S: Sch 
 
 E. viCRTiciM.ATtTM (Linn.) B. & S. Shaded soil in S. G. Mts. None bearing sporo- 
 gonia collected. 
 
 DICRANOWEISIA Lindb. 
 
 D. ciRRHATA (Hedw. ) Lindb. Shaded soil in S. G. Mts. ^Lirch — May. 
 
 FISSIDENS Hedw. 
 
 F. GRANDTFRONS Brid. Under swiftly running water in canyons S. G. Mts. 
 F. LIMHATU.S SuUiv. Com. in shaded soil. I'^ebruary — May. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 625 
 
 BARBULA Hedw. 
 
 B. MUEivLERi B. & S. Frequent on rocks. February — May. 
 
 B RURALis (Linn.) Hedw. Com. on rocks and soil. February — May. 
 
 B. viNEALLS Brid. Frequent in S. G. Mts. and A. S. March— June. 
 
 GRIMMIA Ehrh. 
 
 G. CALIFORNICA Sulliv. On dry rocks in S. G. Mts. March— June. 
 
 G. LEUCOPH^.\ Grev. Com. on rocks and bark of trees. February — May. 
 
 G. TRICHOPHYLLA Grev. Com. on rocks and bark of trees. February — May 
 
 HEDWKtIA Ehrh. 
 
 H. ctMATA (Dicks.) Ehrh. Frequently on rocks in S. G. Mts. April— July. 
 
 ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw. 
 
 O. LYELLii H. & T. Com. on bark of trees, especially in S. G. Mts. March- 
 May. 
 
 FUN ARIA Schreb. 
 
 F. HYGROMETRiCA (Linn). Sibth. Com. below 3,0(jo feet. December— March. 
 BARTRAMIA Hedw. 
 
 B. MENZiESU Turn. Com. in S. G. Mts. February — April. 
 
 LEPTOBRYUM Schimp. 
 
 L. PYRiFORME (Linn.) Schimp. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February — 
 April. 
 
 WEB ERA Hedw. 
 
 W. NUTANS (Schreb.) Hedw. Shady canyon sides and decaying logs. Feb. — April. 
 
 BRYUM Dill. 
 
 B. ARGENTEUM Dinn. Com. below 2,000 feet. February — May. 
 
 B TOROUESCENS B. & S. Frequent below 4,000 feet. March— June. 
 
 B. TURBINATUM Schw. Foothills S. G. Mts. March — May. 
 
 AULACOMNIUM Schwaegr. 
 
 A. ANDROGYNUM (Linn.) Schw. Near Strain's Camp, Wilson's Peak. April — 
 May. 
 
 POLYTRICHUM Linn. 
 
 P. PILIFERUM Schreb. Echo Mt. No specimens bearing sporogonia found. 
 
 ALSIA Sulliv. Feather moss. 
 
 A. ABIETINA SuU. Com. on rocks and trees in S. G. Mts. April — May. 
 
 A. LONGIPES S. & L. Frequent on rocks in S. G. Mts. None bearing sporogonia 
 collected. 
 
 PTEROGONIUM Swartz. 
 
 P. GRACiLE (Linn.) Swartz. Rocks in canyons S, G. Mts. None bearing sporo- 
 gonia collected. 
 ANTITRICHIA Brid. 
 
 A. CALiFORNiCA Sull. Wet rocks in Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia col- 
 lected. 
 
 CLAOPODIUM Dill. 
 
 C. i^EUCONEURUM S. & L. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected. 
 
 CAMPTOTHECIUM Dill. 
 
 G. ARENARiUM (Lesq.) Ren. & Card. On dry rocks and soil. February — May. 
 C. PiNNATiFiDUM S. &. L. Com. on rocks in A. S. and canyons of S. G. Mts. 
 
 BRACHYTHECIUM Schrimp. 
 
 B. RUTABULUM S. & L. Canyons of S. G. Mts. March — May. 
 
 SCLEROPODIUM Schrimp. 
 
 S. CAESPITOSUM (Wils.) Br. & Sch. On dry rocks in A. S. and R. C. March^une. 
 
 S. ILLECEBRUM (L. ) Br. & Sch. Canyons of S. G. Mts. March — May. Common. 
 
 S. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Hook) Kindb. On rocks under running water in R. C. None 
 bearing sporogonia collected. 
 EURYNCHIUM Schrimp. 
 
 E. STOKESii (Turn.) B. & S. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected 
 RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Schrimp. 
 
 R. SERRULATUM Hedw. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected. 
 
 42 
 
626 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 AMBLYSTEGIUM Schrinip. 
 
 A. IRRIGUM Hook. & Wils. Moist soil in R. C. None bearing sporogonia collected. 
 A. SERPENS (Linn.) B. & S. Com. along streams. February — May. 
 
 PTERIDOPHYTA. 
 
 CLASS I. FILICIN.^. 
 Order Filices. Ferns. 
 
 CYSTOPTERIS Bernli. Bladder-fern. 
 
 C. FRAGii.is Bernh. L. St. A. C, Rare. January — July. 
 ASPIDIUM Swz. vShield-fern. 
 
 A. MUNiTUM Kaulf. M. C, R. C, Raton C, Mt. L., W. Pk. 
 
 A. RiGiDUM Swz. var. argutum Eat. A. S., S. G. Mts., Com. 
 ASPLENIUM Linn. Spleenwort. 
 
 A. TRiCHOMANES Linn. var. incisum Moore. M. C, L. St. C. Not. common. 
 WOODWARDL\ Smith. Chain-fern. 
 
 W. RADiCANS Sm. O. K., A, S., M. C, R. C, Eaton C, L. St. A. C. 
 PELL^A Link. Cliff brake. 
 
 P. ANDROMED^FOLIA Fee. (Coffee-fern. ) O. K., A. S., 8. G. ^Nlts. Com. 
 
 P. ORNiTHOPUS Hook. (Bird- foot- fern.) A. S., S. G. Mts. Com. 
 PTERIS Linn. Brake. 
 
 P. AOUiLiN.\ Linn. (Common brake.) O. K., A. S., ^L C, R. C. Com. Janu- 
 ary — October. 
 ADIANTUM Linn. Maidenhair. 
 
 A. CAPILLUS-VENERIS. Linn. (Venus' Hair.) M. C, R. C, E. C. Abundant. 
 
 A. EMARGiNATUM Hook. O. K., A. S. Abundant, January' — ^June. 
 
 A. PEDATUM Linn. L. St. A. C. Rare. 
 CHEILANTHES Swz. 
 
 C. CALIFORNICA Mett. (Lace-fern.) A. S., S. G. Mts. Com. 
 
 C. MYRIOPHYLLA Desv. Mt. L., W. Pk. Com. above 4,000 feet. December — ^July. 
 NOTHOL^NA R. Br. 
 
 N. NEWBERRY! Eat. (Cotton-fern. ) Echo Mt. Rare 
 
 GYMNOGRAMME Desf. 
 
 G. TRIANGULARIS Kaulf. (Golden-back fern.) O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. Decem- 
 ber — April. 
 POLYPODIUM Linn. Polypody. 
 
 P. CALiFORNicuM Kaulf. A.S., S. G. Mts. Com December — ^Juue. 
 
 Order Salviniaccec. 
 AZOLLA Lam. 
 
 A. FiucuLOiDES Lam. O. K,, A. S. Abundant. June — August. 
 
 CLASS II. EQUISITIN^E. 
 Order Equisetacece. Horse-tails. 
 
 EQUISETUM Linn. Horse-tail. Scouring-rush. 
 
 E. MEXICANUM Milde. A. S., M. C: January — March. 
 
 E. ROBU.STUM A. Br. A. S., M. C, R. C, E. C. 
 
 E- TELMATEIA Ehrh. O. K., A. S. Abundant. January — October. 
 
 CLASS III. LYCOPODIN.^. CLUB-MOSSES. 
 
 Order Sclaginellacccc. 
 
 SELAGINELLA Beauv. Little Club-moss. 
 
 S. RUPESTRis (L.) Spring. A. S., S. G. Mts. Common. January — ]^L^rch. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 627 
 
 SPERMAPHYTA. 
 
 CLASS I. GYMNOSPERMuE. 
 
 Conifera;. Conifers. 
 PINUS Touru. Pine. 
 
 P. ALBiCAULis Eug. W. Pk. April— June. 
 
 P. MOXOPHVi^LA. T. & F. (Nut Pine.) Mt. Lowe. A single specimen.* 
 
 P. MONTICOI.A Dougl. W. Pk. April — ^June. 
 
 P. PONDEROSA Dugl. W. Pk. April June. 
 PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. False Hemlock. 
 
 P. MACROCARPA (Torr.) Leni. S. G. Mts. Com. April— June. 
 LIBOCEDRUS Endl. White Cedar. 
 
 L DECURRENS Torr. W. Pk. April — June. 
 JUNIPER Limn. Juniper. 
 
 J. CALIFORNICA Carr. Near Sierra Madre. March — May. 
 
 CLASS II. ANGIOSPEIRM^E. 
 
 Sub-Class I. Monocotyledones. 
 
 Tybhacets. 
 TYPHA Tourn. Cat Tail. 
 
 T. ANGUSTIFOLIA Linn. O. K. March— June. 
 T. LATiFOLiA Linn. O. K., A. S. March— June. 
 
 NaiadacecB. 
 
 POTAMOGETON Tourn. Pond-weed. 
 
 P. PECTiNATus Linn. O K. April — ^June. 
 
 P. PUSiLLUS Linn. O. K. April— June. 
 ZANNICHELLIA Presl. 
 
 Z. PALUSTRis Linn. O. K. April — ^June. 
 
 Granihiar. Grasses. 
 ANDROPOGON Linn. 
 
 A. MACROURUS Micbx. R. C, E. C. August — October. 
 
 A. SORGHUM Brot. (Sorghum.) Occasionally escaped, and often persisting in old 
 sorghum fields. 
 PASPULUM Linn. 
 
 P. DiSTiCHUM Linn. (Knotgrass.) Com. shaded soil. August — October. 
 PANICUM Linn. 
 
 P. CAPiLLARE Linn. (Old witch grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July — 
 October. 
 
 P. CRUS-GALLI Linn. (Barn grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July— Sept. t 
 
 P. SANGUINALE Linn. (Crab grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July — Sep. 
 SETARIA Beauv. 
 
 S. GLAUCA (Linn.) Beauv. (Fox tail grass.) In cultivated soil. June — September. 
 PHALARIS Linn. 
 
 P. INTERMEDIA Bosc. (Canary grass. ) Waste places in Pasadena. March— June. 
 
 * This is the only tree of the Indian nut pine known to exist on the front or middle ranges of our 
 Pasadena mountains, and it has a history. On October 10, 1S87, Jason and Owen Brown built a cairn on 
 this mountain top. (See v)age 369, " Mt Lowe.") They noticed this rare tree, with its roots so much 
 denuded by rain-wash and wind that it was ready to die ; and they gathered and brought soil in their 
 little tin dinner pail to pack around its exposed roots, thus saving its life at that time, and hence it has 
 been called the "Osawatamie pine tree." Then on August 15, 1893, Dr. Reid and wife found it perishing 
 again from the same causes ; and Mrs. Reid gathered loose dirt and mulch from between rocks and 
 dragged it on an old barley sack which she had found, to the roots of the tree, while the Doctor laid up 
 a wall of rocks on the lower side to hold the dirt in place ; and so its life was saved again They also 
 broke off some of its dead branches, to give the live part a better chance. The tree was then ten or 
 twelve feet high. There are said to be some trees of the same species on San Gabriel peak, but this is 
 not jet verified by competent testimonj*. — Kd. 
 
628 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ARISTIDA Linn. 
 
 A. DIVARICATA HBK. Altadena. June — September. 
 STIPA Linn. Feathergrass. 
 
 S. CORONATA Thurb. S. G. Mts. June — September. 
 
 S. EMixNHNS Cav. O. K.. S. G. Mts. April— July. 
 
 S. SETiGERA Presl. O. K., S. G. Mts. April— June. 
 MUHLENBP:RGIA Trin. 
 
 M. DEBiLis Trin. Arroyo Seco, May — ^July. 
 
 M. MEXiCANA (Linn.) Trin. A. S., M. C, R. C, E. C. June— September. 
 
 PHLEUM Linn. 
 
 P. PRATENSE Linn. (Timothy.) Along streets and in lawns. June — September. 
 
 SPOROBOLU3 R. Br. 
 
 S. AiROiDES (Steud.) Torr. Along streets. July — September. 
 
 EPICAMPES Presl. 
 
 E. RiGENS Benth. Arroyo Seco. June — .August. 
 POLYPOGON Desf. 
 
 P. I.ITTORAUS Smith. Moist soil in Lincoln Park. May — July. 
 
 P. MONSPELiENSis Desf. Moist soil about Pasadena. April — ^July. 
 
 AGROSTIS Linn. Bent grass. 
 
 A. ATTENUATA Vasey. R. C. June — August. 
 
 A. EXARATA Trin. O. K., A. 8. May— June. 
 
 A. MiCROPHYLLA Steud. Altadena, Sierra Madre. June — August. 
 
 A. vp:rticii:.i,ata Vill. O. K., R. C. June — August. 
 GASTRIDIUM Beauv. 
 
 G. AUSTRALE Beauv. Altadena, Sierra Madre. June — August. 
 HOLCUS Linn. 
 
 H. LANATUS Linn. O. K., Santa Anita. June — August. 
 
 TRISETUM Beauv. 
 
 T. BARB.ATUM Steud. Arroyo Seco. May — ^June. 
 AVENA Linn. Oats. 
 
 A. B.\RBATA Steud. (Wild oats.) Along streets. March — July. 
 
 A. FATUA Linn. (Wild oats.) Com. lielow 2,000 feet. February — ^June. 
 
 CYNODON Rich. 
 
 C. D.'VCTYLON Pers. (Bermuda grass.) Along streets and in lawns. ^Nlarch — ^July. 
 
 ERAGROSTIS Beauv. 
 
 E. MEXICANA Trin. Along streets. August — October. 
 
 MELICA Linn. 
 
 M. IMPERFECTA Trin. Com. in unl)roken soil below 3,000 feet. April — August. 
 
 DISTICHLIS Raf. 
 
 D. MARiTiMA Raf. Moist soil south of Pasadena. April — ^July. 
 
 DACTYLIS Linn. 
 
 D. GLOMERAT.\ Linn. Orchard Grass.) O. K., Santa Anita. June — August. 
 
 ACHYRODES Boehni. 
 
 A. AUREUM (Linn.) O. Ktze. Com. below 2,000 feet. March — ^June. 
 POA Linn. Meadow grass. 
 
 P. ANNt'A Linn. (Cioose grass.) Along streets and in lawns. 
 
 P. PRATENSis Linn. (Kentucky blue grass.) Along streets and in lawns. April — 
 September. 
 
 P. TENUIFOUA Thurb. Oak Knoll. April — ^June. 
 
 ATROPIS Rupr. 
 
 A. SCABRELLA Thurb. O. K., vSan G. Mts. April — ^June. 
 
 FESTUCA Linn. 
 
 F. Ei.ATiOR Linn. var. pratensis Linn. O. K. April — ^June. 
 F. microstachys Nutt. O. K., A. S. April— July. 
 
 F. MYURiis Linn. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — ^July. 
 F. TESKUhA. Willd. Oak Knoll. April — ^June. 
 BROMUS Linn. Brome grass. 
 
 B. ciLiATrs Linn. O. K , S. G. Mts. April — August. 
 
 B. HOOKKRiANFS Tlirub. Com. below 2,000 feet. April — ^Julj'. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 629 
 
 R.MAXiMUS Desf. Com. below 2,000 feet. April — ^July. 
 B. MOLLIS Linn. Along streets April— July. 
 
 B. RIGIDUS Roth. Devil's Gate. April — ^July. 
 
 LOIJUM Linn. Darnel. 
 
 L. PERKNNE Linn. (Perennial rye grass) Com. in cultivated soil. April — July. 
 L. TEMULENTUM Linn. (Bearded Darnel.) Com. in cultivated soil and along 
 streets. April — ^July. 
 
 HORDEM Linn. Barley. 
 
 H. MURiNUJVi Linn. (Wild Barley) Com. below 1,800 feet. March— July. 
 
 ELYMUS Linn. Wild Rye. 
 
 E. AMERiCANUS V. & S. Oak Knoll. April— June. 
 
 E. CONDENSATUS Presl . O. K.; A. S.; foothills of S. G. Mts. April— July. 
 
 E. SiBiRicus Linn. S. G. Mts. June — August. 
 
 E. SITANION Schult. O. K. Along streets. April— June. 
 
 E. TRiTicoiDES Nutt. A. S.; foothills of S. G. Mts. June— September. 
 
 CyPeracecs. 
 
 CYPERUS Linn. 
 
 C. DiANDRUS Torr. Var. capitatus Brit. Oak Knoll. 
 
 C. ERYTHRORRHizos Muhl. O. K.; Baldwin's Ranch. July — October. 
 
 C. LAEVIGATUS Linn. Arroyo Seco. August — November. 
 SCIRPUS Linn. Bullrush. Club-rush. 
 
 S. LACUSTRis Linn. var. occidemtalis Wats. Oak Knoll. April— June. 
 
 S. OLNEYI Gr. O. K ; A. S. 
 
 S. RiPARius Spreng. Oak Knoll. February— June. 
 
 S. SYLVATicos Linn. var. microcarpus (Presl.) McM. O. K.; A. S. May- 
 August. 
 HELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike-rush. 
 
 H. ACICULARIS (Linn.) R. Br. Oak Knoll. 
 
 H. ARENICOLA Torr, Oak Knoll ; A. S. April— June. 
 
 H. PALUSTRis (Linn.) R. Br. 
 CAREX Linn. Sedge. 
 
 C. BARBARAS Dewey. O K;; R. C. February— June. 
 
 C. FiLiFORMis Linn. var. lanuginosa (Michx.) B. P. S. O. K.; A. S. Feb- 
 ruary — May. 
 
 C. MULTICAULLS Bailey. Mt. Lowe. April— June. 
 
 C. SPISSA Bailey. O. K.; R. C. February— May. 
 
 C. TERETIUSCULA Good. var. RAMOSA Boott. R. C; L. St. A. C. June — 
 August. 
 
 C. TRiQUETRA Bott. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March— May. 
 
 LemnacecB. 
 LEMNA Linn. Duckweed. 
 
 L. GiBBA Linn. Johnson's Lake. 
 L. VALDiviANA Phil. O. K.; A. S. 
 
 funcacecE. Rush Family. 
 
 JUNCUS Linn. Bog-Rush. 
 
 J. BALTicus Deth. O. K ; A. S. May— July. 
 
 J. BUFONius Linn. Com. in moist soil below 1000 feet. March— June. 
 
 J. COMPRESSUS HBK. Oak Knoll. July— September. 
 
 J. DUBius Eng. Oak Knoll. July— September. 
 
 J. LONGisTYLis Torr. O. K.; A. S. June— August. 
 
 J. NODOSUS Linn. O. K.;A. S.; M. C. June— August. 
 
 J. PHAEOCEPHALUS Eng. O. K.; A. S. June— August. 
 
 J. ROBUSTUS Wats. O. K., A. S., M. C. April— August. Used by the Indians for 
 
 basket making. 
 J. XIPHIOIDES Mey. O. K., A. S. May— July. 
 
 43 
 
630 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 Liliacca. Lily Faviily. 
 
 ZYGADENUS Michx. ^ ,r t a 1 
 
 Z. FREMONTi Torr. Hills near Arroyo vSeco. March— April. 
 
 CALOCHORTUS Pursh. INIariposa Lily. 
 
 C ALBUS Dougl. A. S., San Gabriel Mts. May— June. 
 
 C c.-vTALiNAE Wats. Hills southwest of Pasadena. February— May. 
 
 C' SPLENDEN.S Dougl. Hills near A. S. , San Gabriel Mls. May-June. 
 
 C WEEDii Wood var. puhi'URA.Scens Wats. L. P., Hills near Pasadena. June- 
 July. 
 INIUILLA Wats. . •, t 
 
 M. SEROTINA Greene. O. K., A. S, Echo Mt. April— June. 
 
 "^'"^ly HUMBOLTmrR. & L. (Wild Tiger Lily.) A. S.. canyons of San Gabriel Mts. 
 June — ^July. 
 
 ^^*^B^CAinTA?rBenth. (Cluster Lily.) Common below 3000 feet. February-May. 
 B. MINOR Wais. South Los Robles Ave. April— May. 
 
 ''"^^B'^^iuR^'Ji'lSook.) Kell. (Golden Cluster Lily.) O. K., A. S. April-May. 
 
 YUCCA WHIPPLEI.— Spanish Bayonet. 
 Showing one plant in bloon., and an old stem still rc.aining so.ne of il.s s.ed pods 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 63 1 
 
 CHLOROGALUM Kuuth. Soap Plant. 
 
 C. POMERiDiANUM Kunth. O. K., A. S. and adjacent hills, S. G. Mts. May and 
 June. 
 
 FRITILLARIA Linn. 
 
 F. BIFLORA lyindl. Arroy Seco. February — April. 
 YUCCA Linn. Spanish Bayonet. 
 
 Y. WHIPPLEI Torr. Common on hills and in S. G. Mts. May — July. 
 
 IridacecB. Iris Family. 
 
 SISYRINCHIUM Linn. Blue-eyed Grass. 
 
 S. BELLUM Wats, Common below 1,500 feet. February — April. 
 
 Orc/iidacecr. Orchids. 
 EPIPACTIS Haller. 
 
 E. GiCxANTEA Dougl. A. S., Eaton C. April and May. 
 HABENARIA Willd. 
 
 H. LEUCOSTACHYS Wats. Eaton Canyon. April — June. 
 
 H. UNAI.ASCHENSIS Wats. Hills near Pasadena, Echo Mt., W. C. April— June. 
 
 SUB-GLASS II. DICOTYLEDONES. 
 Division 1. Ctioripetalae. Separate-petaled Plants. 
 
 Juglandaceis. 
 JUGLANS Linn. Walnut. 
 
 J. CALiFORNiCA Wats. (California Walnut). Hills near Arroyo Seco. April. 
 
 Salicacecs. 
 
 POPULUS Tourn. Poplar. Cottonwood. 
 
 P. TRICHOCARPA Torr. & Gr. (Cottonwood.) A. S., M. C. March and April. 
 SALIX Tourn. Willow. 
 
 S. LAEVIGATA Bebb. (Black willow.) O. K., A. S. April. 
 
 S. LASiANDRA Benth. O. K., A. S. May. 
 
 S. LASiOLEPiS Benth. (White Willow.) O. K., A. S , M. C, R. C. December- 
 February. 
 
 S. LONGIFOLIA Muhl. Arroyo Seco. March and April. 
 
 Betulace(e. 
 ALNUS Tourn. Alder. 
 
 A. RHOMBiFOLiA Nutt. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. January and February. 
 
 Fag ace cs. 
 QUERCUSLinn. Oak. 
 
 O. AGRiFOiviA Nee. (Red Oak.) Com. from O. K. to Sierra Madre. April. 
 
 O. CHRYSOLEPis Liebm. (Live Oak.) S. G. Mts. April. 
 
 Q. DUMOSA Nutt. (Scrub Oak.) Hills near A. S., foothills of S. G. Mts. March 
 
 and April. 
 O. ENGELMANNi Greene. (White Oak, Blue Oak.) Com. from O. K. to Sierra 
 Madre. 
 
 Loranthaccce. 
 
 PHORADENDRON Nutt. Mistletoe. 
 
 P. FLAVESCENS (Pursh.) Nutt. On oaks, sycamore and alder at O. K. and in S. G. 
 Mts. August. 
 
 Pipcraceic. 
 ANEMOPSIS Hook. 
 
 A. CALIFORNICA Hook. (YerVja Mansa.) Oak Knoll. April— July. 
 
632 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Urticacec£. 
 PARIETARIA Tourn. 
 
 P. DEBiLis Forst. Canyons of S. G. Mts. April and May. 
 URTICA Linn. Nettle. 
 
 U. HOLOSERICEA Nutt. Com. in shaded soil. March — May. 
 
 U. URENS Linn. Com. in waste soil. April — ^June. 
 
 PlatayiacecE. 
 PLATANUS Tourn. Sycamore. 
 
 P. RACEMOSA Nutt. ' O. K., .\. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. April. 
 
 Polygoiiacece . 
 RUMEX Ivinn. Dock. Sorrel 
 
 R. ACKTOSELLA Linn. (Sheep sorrel.) Along streets. 
 
 R. CONGLOMERATUS Murr. (Green dock.) O. K., A. S. April — ^June. 
 
 R. CRISPUS Linn. (Curled dock.) Common in moist soil. P'ebruary — June. 
 
 R. HYMENOSEPALUS Torr. (Canaigre.) A. S., N. Pasadena. March and April. 
 
 R. SALiciFOLiUS Wein. (White dock.) O. K., A. S. May and June. 
 POLYGONUM Linn. Knotweed. 
 
 P. ACRE HBK. (Water smartweed.) O. K., A. S. April— July. 
 
 P. AVICULARE Linn. (Knot-grass.) Com. in yards and along streets. May — 
 July. 
 
 P. CONVOLVULUS Linn. Fields. May — ^July. 
 
 P. NODOSUM Pers. O. K.. A. S., M. C, R. C. April— July. 
 KRIOGONUM Michx. 
 
 E. ELONGATUM Benth. A. S.. foothills of S. G. Mts. June- October. 
 
 E. FASCICULATUM Benth. (Wild buckwheat.) Com. in drj- unbroken soil. May — 
 September. 
 
 E. GRACILE Benth. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June. 
 
 E. SAXATiLE Wats. Com. above 4,000 feet in S. G. Mts. June — .\ugust. 
 
 E. viRGATUM Benth. Common below 3,000 feet. June — September. 
 
 CHORIZANTHE R. Brown. 
 
 C. PROCUMBENS Nutt- Lincoln Park. May — July. 
 C. STATicoiDES Benth. Common below 3,000 feet. May — August. 
 PTF:R0STEGIA Fisch. & Mey. 
 
 P. DRYMARioiDES V. & M. Com. in unbroken soil below 4,000 feet. March — 
 June 
 
 ChenopodiacecE . 
 
 CHENOPODIUM Tour. Lamb's quarter. Goosefoot. 
 
 C. ALBUM Linn. (Pigweed.) Common in cultivated soil. March — September. 
 
 C. AMBROSioiDES Liun. (Mexican Tea.) Com. in waste soil. March — October. 
 
 C. MURALE Linn. Com. below 1,800 feet, especially in cultivated soil. February — 
 June. 
 ATRIPLEX Tourn. 
 
 A. MICROCARPA Dietr. Along streets. July — October. 
 
 A. PATULA Linn. Along streets. August — October. 
 
 Amarantacece. 
 AMARANTUS Tourn. 
 
 A. ALBUS Linn. (Tumbleweed.) Waste ground. May — September. 
 A. RETROFLEXUS Linn. Cultivated soil. May — September. 
 
 Nydagiiiacecc. 
 
 MIRABILIS Linn. F'our o'clock. 
 
 M. CALiFORNiCA Gr. Common on dry hills below 4,000 feet. February — July. 
 
 Portulacacecc . 
 CALYPTRIDIUM Nutt, 
 
 C. MONANDRUM Mutt. IliUs near Arroyo Seco. March — ^June. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 633 
 
 CLAYTONIA Linn. 
 
 C. PERFOiviATA Donn. (Indian lettuce.) Com. in shaded soil below 4,000 feet. 
 February — May. 
 
 CALANDRINIA HBK. 
 
 C. MENZiESii Hook. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — April. 
 PORTULACA Tourn. 
 
 P. OLERACEA Linn. (Purslane.) Com. in cultivated and waste ground. June — 
 September. 
 
 Caryophyllacece . 
 vSILENE Linn. Catchfly. 
 
 S. ANTiRRHiNA Linn. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 S. GALICA Linn. Common below 2,000 feet. 
 
 S. LACrNi.-vTA Cav. (Indian pink.) Abundant on dry hills below 3,000 feet. Mav 
 -July. 
 
 S. PALMERi Wats. S. G. Mts. above 4,500 feet. June — ^July. 
 
 S. PLATYOTA Wats. S. G. Mts. above 3,500 feet. June— July. 
 STELLARIA Linn. 
 
 S. MEDi.A Linn. (Chickweed.) Com. in shaded soil below 1,500 feet. 
 
 S. NiTENS Nutt. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. April — ^June. 
 CERASTIUM Linn. Mou.se-ear. 
 
 C. vulgaTum Linn. Com. in lawns and waste soil. 
 ARENARIA Linn. 
 
 A. DOUGLASii (Fen.) T. & G. Frequent in dry soil below 2,000 feet. April — May. 
 SAGINA Linn. 
 
 S. occiDENTALis Wats. Moist and shaded soil about Pasadena. April. 
 SPERGULA Linn. Corn-spurrey. 
 
 S. ARVENSis Linn. Frequent along streets and in yards. March — May. 
 POLYCARPON Linn. 
 
 P. DEPRESSUM Nutt. Altadena. April — June. 
 
 Ceratophyllacece . 
 
 CERATOPHYLLUM Linn. Hornwort. 
 
 C. DEMERSUM Linn. In ponds at Oak Knoll. June — August. 
 
 Ra n 21 nculacecr. 
 
 AOUILEGIA Linn. Columbine. 
 
 " A. TRUNCATA F. & M. Oak Knoll. May — August. 
 DELPHINIUM Tourn. Larkspur. 
 
 D. CARDINALE Hook. (Scarlet larkspur. ) Dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. June — 
 August. 
 
 D. DECORUM F. & M. Hillsides. May — ^July. 
 
 D. PARRYi Gr. Foothills S. G Mts. April— June. 
 
 D. VARiEGATUM T. & G. Hillsides. May— July. 
 P.'BONIA Linn. ■ Paeony. 
 
 P. CALIFORNICA Nutt. (California Paeony.) Com. in unbroken soil below 2,000 
 feet. March — May. 
 CLEMATIS Linn. Virgin's Bower. 
 
 C. LiGUSTiciFOLiA Nutt. O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. below 4,000 feet. 
 RANUNCULUS Linn. Buttercup. 
 
 R. CALiFORNicus Benth. O. K., A. S. February — May. 
 
 R. HEBECARPUS H. & A. Oak Knoll. March — May. 
 THALICTRUM Tourn. Meadow Rue. 
 
 T. POLYCARPUM Wats. O. K., A. S.. Canyons of S. G. Mts. May—July. 
 
 LaurinecB. 
 
 UMBELLULARIA Nutt. Mountain Laurel. Spice-tree. Bay-tree. 
 
 U. CAi,iFORNiCA (H. & A.) Nutt. Canyons of S. G. Mts. February — April. 
 
 44 
 
634 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Papaveracecn. 
 
 PAPAVER Tourn. Poppy. 
 
 P. CALIKORNICUM Gr. HiUs near Pasadena. April — ^June. 
 
 ARGEMOXE Linn. 
 
 A. HiSPiDA Or. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June. 
 PLATYSTEMON Benth. 
 
 P. CALiFORNicus Benth. (Cream-cups.) Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May 
 
 P. DENTICULATUS Greene. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. April — May. 
 DENDROMECON Benth. 
 
 D. KiGiDUM Benth. (Tree poppy.) Hills near Arroy Seco. March — ^June. 
 
 From " Land of Sunsliine,' 
 June, 1S94. 
 
 ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA.— California Poppy. 
 One-third natural size. 
 
 ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham. 
 
 E. CALIFORNICA Cham. (California poppy.) Com. below 2,000 feet. IMost abun- 
 dant from January to May, but to be found at all times of the year. 
 
 Fumariacece. 
 DICENTRA Bork. Ear-drop. 
 
 D. chrvsanthA H. & A. Frequent in dry soil, especiall}- in S. G. Mts. Ma}-- 
 July. 
 
 Criicifera . 
 TROPIDOCARPUM Hook. 
 
 T. GRACiLE Hook. Oak Knoll. March— May. 
 
 RAPHANUS Linn. 
 
 R. SATivus Linn. (Radish.) Com. in fields. April — ^June. 
 THYSANOCARPUS Hook. Lace-pod. 
 
 T. CURViPES Hook. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. February — April. 
 
 T. LACINIATU.S Niitt. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April. 
 
 T. PUSILLUS Hook. O. K., A. S. February — April. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 635 
 
 I/EPIDIUM Linn. Pepper-grass. 
 
 ly. INTERMEDIUM Gr. Com. below 1800 feet. April — June. 
 
 I/. NiTiDUM Nutt. Com. below 1800 feet. February — April. 
 BURSA Sieg. 
 
 B. PASTORiS (Linn.) Wigg. Com. below 1800 feet. March — ^June. 
 SISYMBRIUM Linn. 
 
 S. CANESCENS Nutt. O. K., A. S., plains adjacent to S. G. Mts. February — April. 
 BRASSICA Linn. Mustard. 
 
 B. CAMPESTRis Linn. Com. below 1500 feet. February — April. 
 B NIGRA ^Linn.) Kochz. Com. below 2000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 ERYSIMUM Linn. 
 
 E. ASPERUM (Nutt.) DC. A. S., canyons of San Gabriel Mts. February — April. 
 NASTURTIUM R. Br. 
 
 N. OFFICINALE R. Br. (Water-cress) Abundant in A. S. and at O. K. 
 CARDAMINE Linn. 
 
 C. GAMBELII Wats. Oak Knoll. May — July. 
 
 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Nutt.) Greene. O. K., A. S., M. C. February — April. 
 STREPHANTHUS Nutt. 
 
 S. HETEROPHYti^us Nutt. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — April. 
 ARABIS Linn. 
 
 A. Gi,ABRA (Linn.) Wein. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — April. 
 
 A. HOLBOELivii Hornem. Com. in San Gabriel Mts. April — ^June. 
 ALYSSUM Linn. 
 
 A. MARITIMUM (Linn.) L. Am. Com. along streets^ 
 
 Violacece. 
 VIOLA Linn. Violet. 
 
 V. PEDUNCUI.ATA T. & G. O. K., A. S., Las Casitas. February — April. 
 
 CistacecE. 
 
 HELTANTHEMUM Tourn. Rock-Rose. 
 
 H. SCOPARIUM Nutt. Common on dry hills below 4000 feet. — April — ^June. 
 
 LythracecE. 
 LYTHRUM Linn. 
 
 L. CALIFORNICUM Torr & Gr. O. K., A. S. April— June. 
 
 MalvacecB. 
 MALVA Linn. Mallow. 
 
 M. PARViFivORA Linn. Common below 2000 feet. February — April. 
 SIDALCEA Gray. 
 
 S. DEivPHiNiFOLiA (Nutt.) Green. Oak Knoll. February — May. 
 
 GeraniacecB. 
 GERANIUM Linn. Cranesbill. 
 
 G. CAROLiNiANUM Linn (Wild Geranium.) O. K., A. S. March — May. 
 ERODIUM L'Her. Storksbill. 
 
 E. cicuTARiUM (Linn.) L'Her. (Alfilaria) Common below 2000 feet. January — 
 
 June. 
 E. MOSCHATUM (Linn.) L'Her. (Alfilaria) Com. below 2000 feet. January — ^June. 
 OXALIS Linn. Wood-Sorrel. 
 
 O. CORNICULATA Linn. Frequent along streets. 
 
 A nacardiacecs. 
 RHUS Linn. Sumach. 
 
 R. DIVERSII.OBA T. & G. (Poison sumach. "Poison Oak") O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. 
 
 April — May. 
 R. INTEGRIFOLIA B. & H. Com. in unbroken soil below 4000 feet. March — May. 
 
636 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 R. LAURiNA Nutt. Com. in unbroken soil below 4000 feet. September — October. 
 
 Berries used bj- the Indians for making an acid drink. 
 R. TRiLOB.\TA Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G Mts. February — April. Long. 
 
 slender branches used by Indians for making baskets. 
 
 Sapindacecr. 
 ACER Tourn. Maple. 
 
 A. MACROPHYLLUM Pursh. Canyons of S. G. Mts. March — April. 
 
 Polygalacece. 
 POLYGALA Tourn 
 
 P. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. Near old Wilson trail. June^.\ugust. 
 
 A mpilidacecz. 
 VITIS Tourn. Grape. 
 
 V. CALIFORNICA Benth. Q. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May — ^July. 
 
 Rhamnacecs. 
 
 RHAMNUS Linn. Buckthorn. 
 
 R. CALIFORNICA Esch. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April. 
 
 R. CROCEA Nutt. Arroyo Seco, S. G. Mts. below 5000 feet. February — March. 
 
 Berries said to be used by the Indians for food. 
 CEANOTHUS Linn. California Lilac. Buckthorn. 
 
 C. CRASSiFOLius Torr. A. S , canyons of S. G. Mts. Februar)' — .'^pril. 
 
 C. cuneaTUS Nutt. Near Sierra Madre. March — May. 
 
 C. DiVARiCATus Nutt. Abundant in S. G. Mts. 2000 feet, 5000 feet. March — 
 
 April. 
 C. integerrimus H. & A. S. G. Mts. April— May. 
 C. OGLIGANTHU.S Nutt. S. G. Mts. March — .-^pril. 
 
 Euphorbia cece . 
 CROTON Linn. 
 
 C. CALiFORNicus Muell. From center of Pasadena to foot of S. G. ]\Its. .April — 
 
 June. 
 C. SETIGERUS Hook. Com. below 2000 feet. August — November. 
 
 EUPHORBIA Linn. 
 
 E. ALBOMARGINATA T. & G. Com. below 2000 feet. April— July. 
 
 E. POLYCARPA Benth. var. VESTiTA Wats. Foothills S. G. Mts. 
 
 E. SERPYLLIFOLIA Pers. Frequent below 2000 feet. May — .August. 
 
 Umbelliferte . 
 
 HYDROCOTYLE Tourn. 
 
 H. RANUNCULOIDES Linn. Oak Knoll. May — ^July. 
 SANICULA Tourn. 
 
 S. BiPiNNATA H. & A. O. K., A. S. March— May. 
 
 S. BiPiNNATiFiDA Dongl. Com. in open ground below 2,000 feet. March— May. 
 
 S. MRNZiESii H. & A. Com. in- shaded soil below 3,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 S. NUDiCAULis H. & A. Com. in open ground below 2,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 S. TUBEROSA Torr. O. K., A. S. April and May. 
 
 VELAEA DC. 
 
 V. ARGUTA T. & G. C. & R. Hills near A. S.. S. G. Mts. March— May. 
 V. PARiSHii C. & R. Mount Lowe. June and July. 
 
 CONIUM Linn. 
 
 C. MACULATUM Linn. Oak Knoll. March — ^June. 
 
 SIUM Linn. 
 
 S. cicUTyF.FOLiUM Cimel. Oak Knoll. June — August. 
 
 OSMORRHIZA Raf. 
 
 O. BRACHYPODA Torr. O. K., \. 8., canyons of S. G. Mts. March— May. 
 
 (KNANTHE Linn. 
 
 ai. CALIFORNICA Wats. Oak Knoll. June — August. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 637 
 
 APIUM Linn. Celery. 
 
 A. GRAVEOLENS Linn. (Wild Celery.) O. K., A. S. March-August. 
 APIASTRUM Autt. 
 
 A. ANGUSTIFOUUM Nutt. Common below 2,000 feet. April— June. 
 FOENICULUM Adans. Fennel. 
 
 F. VULGARE Ger. O. K. Along streets. May—July. 
 PEUCEDANUM Linn. 
 
 P. CARUiFOLiUM T. & G. HiUs near Arroyo Seco, April— June. 
 
 P. HASSEi C. & R. Hills near Arroyo Seco, March— May. 
 
 P. UTRicuLATUM Nutt. Com. in unbroken soil below 1,500 feet. March — May. 
 DAUCUS Tourn. Carrot. 
 
 D, PUSiLLUS Michx. (Wild carrot) Com, below 1,800 feet. March— May. 
 CAUCALIS Linn. 
 
 C. MICROCARPA H. & A. Oak Knoll. April and May. 
 
 C. NODOSA Hudson. Oak Knoll. April and May. 
 
 Araliacece. 
 ARALIA Linn. 
 
 A. CAI.IFORNICA Wats. (Spikenard.) Canyons of S. G. Mts. June— August, 
 
 CornacecB. 
 
 CORNUS Linn. Cornel. Dogwood. 
 
 C. occiDENTALis (T. & G.) Cov. Oak Knoll. April— September. 
 GARRY A Dougl. 
 
 (t. veatchii Kell. Echo Mt. May— July. 
 
 Saxifragacece. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA Linn. Saxifrage. 
 
 S. CALiFORNiCA Greene. Arroyo Seco. April — June. 
 BOYKINIA Nutt. 
 
 B. ROTUNDiFOLiA Parry. Canyons of S. G. Mts. June — August. 
 TELLIMA R. Br. 
 
 T. AFFiNis (Gray) Bol. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G, Mts. March and April. 
 HEUCHERA Linn. 
 
 H. RUBESCENS Torr. Frequent in S. G. Mts., above 5,000. June — August. 
 RIBES Linn. Currant. Gooseberry. 
 
 R. AMARUM McC. Erythea n, 79. Canyons of S. G. Mts. February — March, 
 
 R. DiVARiCATUM Dougl. Oak Knoll. February — May. 
 
 R. GLUTiNOSUM Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000—5,001^ feet. January — March. 
 
 R. HESPERiUM McC. Erythea. IL 79- Canyons of S. G. Mts. January and 
 February. 
 
 R. SPECiosuM Pursh. Hills near Arroyo Seco. January — March. 
 
 R, TENUiFi^ORUM Lindl. Hills near Arroyo Seco. February and March. 
 
 O assulace^E. 
 TILLAEA Linn, 
 
 T. MINIMA Miers. Common below 3,000 feet February — May, 
 COTYLEDON Linn. 
 
 C. LANCEOI.ATA Benth. Oak Knoll, foothills of S. G. Mts. June and July. 
 
 Cadacea. 
 CEREUS Haw. Cactus. 
 
 C. EMORYi Engelm, Arroy Seco. May and June. 
 OPUNTIA Tourn, 
 
 O. ENGELMANNi Salm. (Prickly Pear.) Com. in dry unbroken soil. May and 
 June, 
 
 45 
 
638 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Loasaccce. 
 
 MENTZELIA Linn. 
 
 M. Ai.BiCAULis Dougl. Near Sierra Madre. July — September. 
 M. MICRANTHA T. & G. Foothills S. G. Mts. May— July. 
 
 Datisacecs. 
 DATISCA Linn. 
 
 D. GLOMERATA (Presl.) Brew. & Wat. O. K.. A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. May- 
 
 July. 
 
 Otiagracece. 
 
 EPILOBIUM Linn. 
 
 E. ADENOCAULON Haussk. var. occidentale Trel. Com. in wet soil . April — 
 August. 
 
 E. HOLOSERiCEUM Trel. Oak Knoll. May — August. 
 
 E. paniculatum Nutt. Arroyo Seco. August and September. 
 ZAUSCHNERIA Presl. "Wild Fuchsia." 
 
 Z. californica Presl. S. G. Mts. 3,000 — 5,000 feet. 
 
 Z. c.\ijFORNiCA Presl. var. microphylla Gray. Com. on dry hills. 
 EULOBUS Nutt. 
 
 E. CAijFORNicus Nutt. Frequent below 3,000 feet. May— July. 
 CENOTHERA Linn. Evening Primrose. 
 
 CE. ALY.ssoiDES H. & A. Hills near Pasadena, Echo Mt. May— July. 
 
 CB. BIENNIS L. Common in canyons. May — September. 
 
 CE. BISTORTA Nutt. Com. below 2,000 feet. February — ^June. 
 
 CE. MICRANTHA Hom. Frequent below 2,000 feet. March — ^June. 
 
 CE. STRIGULOSA T. & G. Frequent below 2,000 feet March — ^June. 
 GODETIA Spach. 
 
 G. BOTT.-E Spach. Hills near Arroyo Seco, S. G. Mts. April— July. 
 
 G. EPiLOBioiDRS (T. & G.) Wats. Hills near Arroyo Seco. April — May. 
 
 G. OUADRIVULNERA ( Dougl. ; Wats. Hills near A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. April — 
 July. 
 JUSSI^EA Linn. 
 
 J. DIFFUSA Forsk. Shorb's ranch. May — August. 
 
 Rosacece. 
 
 PRUNUS Tourn 
 
 P. iUCiFOU.\ (Nutt.) Walp. (.Wild cherry.) Foothills S. G. Mts. May. 
 HETEROMELES Roemer. 
 
 H. ARBUTIFOLIA (Ait.) Roemer. (California Holly.) Hills along Arroyo Seco, 
 foothills S. G. Mts. June — August. 
 HOLODISCUS Maxim. Meadow-Sweet. 
 
 H. DISCOLOR (Pursh.) Max. S. G. Mts. May — August. 
 ADENOSTOMA Hook. & Arm. 
 
 A. FASCicuLATUM H. & A. Com. in dry soil below 4,ooo feet. May — June. Sold 
 by Mexicans for fuel, as " Crrease-wood." 
 CERCOCARPUS HBK. Mountain Mahogany. 
 
 C. PARVIFOLIUS Nutt. Foothills S. G. Mts. INIarch— April. 
 POTENTILLA Linn. Five-finger. 
 
 P. CAUFORNICA (C. & S.) Greene. Frequent below 2,500 feet. March — May. 
 
 P. GLANDULOSA Liudl. Frequent below 2,500 feet. April — ^Jnne. 
 ALCHEMILLA Tourn. 
 
 A. ARVENSis Scop. Oak Knoll. March — May. 
 RUBUS Linn. Blackberry. Raspberry. 
 
 R. URSINUS C. & S. (Wild blackberry. ) Com. in shaded soil. March — May. 
 ROSA Tourn. Rose. 
 
 R. CALiFORNiCA C. & S. O. K., A. S , Canyons S. G. Mts. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 639 
 
 Leguminosce. 
 VICIATourn. Vetch. 
 
 V. AMERICANA Muhl. O. K., A. S. March — May. 
 V. ExiGUA Nutt. Arroyo Seco. March — April. 
 V. SATivA Linn. O. K., Sierra Madre. March — April. 
 LATHYRUS Unn. 
 
 L. VESTITUS Nutt. (Wild Pea.) A. S., O. K., Canyons S. G. Mts. February — 
 May. 
 
 ASTRAGALUS Tourn. Rattle -Weed. 
 
 A. LEUCOPSIS Torr. Com. in open unbroken soil. March — May. 
 AMORPHA Linn. 
 
 A. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. S. G. Mts. 3,000 feet. May— June. 
 PSORALEA Linn. 
 
 P. macrosTachys DC. A. S., Canyons south of Pasadena. May — June. 
 
 P. ORBICULARIS Lindl. Arroyo Seco. April — May. 
 
 P. PHYSODES Dougl. Arroyo Seco. June — ^July. 
 LOTUS Tourn. 
 
 L. AMERICANOS (Nutt.) Biscli. Frequent below 1,500 feet. May — July. 
 
 L. ARGOPHYLLUS (Gray) Greene. S. G. Mts. 3,000-5,000 feet. April — June. 
 
 L. GLABER (Torr.) Greene. Com. in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. 
 
 L. NEVADENSis (Wats.) Greene. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 2,500 feet. 
 April— July. 
 
 L. OBLONGiFoiviuS (Benth ) Greene. Arroye Seco. April — ^June. 
 
 L. SALSUGINOSUS Greene. Frequent in shaded soil below 1,500 feet. March — 
 April. 
 
 L. STRIGOSUS (Nutt.) Greene. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — May. 
 TRIFOLIUM Linn. Clover. 
 
 T. ciLiOLATUM Benth. Com. below 1,800 feet. April — May. 
 
 T. GRACiLENTUM T. & G. Com. below 1,800 feet, April — May. 
 
 T. iNVOLUCRATUM Willd. Frequent below 1,800 feet April — May. 
 
 T. MACR.^i H. & A. var. albopurpureum (T. & G.) Greene. Com. below 1,800 feet. 
 April — May. 
 
 T. microcephalum Pursh. Com. below 1,800 feet. April — May. 
 
 T. roscidum Greene. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 2,500 feet. May 
 August. 
 
 T. STENOPHYLLUM Nutt. Oak Knoll. March — April. 
 MELILOTUS Tourn. Sweet clover. 
 
 M. alba Lam. Arroy Seco. May — August. 
 
 M. INDICA All. Com. in shaded soil below 1,500 feet. April — ^July. 
 
 MEDICAGO Linn. 
 
 M. denticulaTa Willd. (Burr-clover.) Com. below 2,000 feet. January — ^June. 
 
 M. SATIVA Linn. (Alfalfa.) Frequent along streets and roads whither it has es- 
 caped from fields. 
 LUPINUS Linn. Lupine. 
 
 L. AFFiNis Ag. Oak Knoll. March — May. 
 
 L. albifrons Benth. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June. 
 
 L. CYTisoiDES Ag. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. May — ^July. 
 
 L. FORMOSUS Greene, var. bridgesii (Wats.) Greene. Com. below 2,500. 
 
 L. HiRSUTissiMUS Benth. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. March — May. 
 
 L. MiCRANTHUS Dougl. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — May. 
 
 L. SPARSiFLORUS Benth. Frequent below 3,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 L. TRUNCATUS Nutt. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 DIVISION II. SYMPATAL^E - United-petaled Plants. 
 
 Ericaceae. 
 ARBUTUS Tourn. 
 
 A. MENZiESii Pursh. (Madroiia.) S. G. Mts. Confined to a narrow belt at about 
 3,000 feet. March — April. 
 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Manzanita. 
 
 A. pungens HBK. S. G. Mts. 4,000 feet to near summit. February — March. 
 A. TOMKNTOSA Dougl. S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,500 feet. March — .\priL 
 
640 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 Primulacece . 
 
 DODECATHEON Linn. 
 
 D. CLEVELANDi Greene. (Shooting Star.) Frequent below 2,000 feet. February — 
 April. 
 
 ANAGALLIS Tourn. Pimpernel. 
 
 A. ARVENSis Linn. Common below 1,800 feet. 
 
 SAMOLUS Linn. 
 
 S. VALERANDi Linn. var. AMERICANA Or. O. K., A. S., canyons of San Gabriel 
 Mts. June — November. 
 
 Convolvulacecs. 
 
 CUSCUTA Tourn. Dodder. 
 
 C. SUBINCL,US.\ Dur. & Hilg. Common on shrubs and other plants. May — July. 
 CONVOLVULUS Linn. Bindweed. 
 
 C. occiDENTALis Gray. (Wild morning-glory) Common below 2,500 feet. Febru- 
 ary—July. 
 
 Polemoniacea;. 
 
 NAVERRETIA Ruiz & Pav. 
 
 N. ATRACTYLOiDES (Benth. ) H. & A. Common in dry soil below 2,500 feet. May — • 
 July. 
 
 N. PROSTRATA (Gr.) Greene. Oak Knoll. April — May. 
 
 N. visciDULA Benth. Common in dry soil below 2,500 feet. June — August, 
 LEPTODACTYLON H. & A. 
 
 L. CALIKOKNICUM H. & A. Common on dry soil below 4,000 feet. April — June, 
 
 GILIA Ruiz & Pav. 
 
 G. ACHiLLE-^FOLiA Benth. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 G. GiL,ioiDES (Benth.) Greene. A. S. and adjacent hills. April — July. 
 G. INCONSPICUA Dougl. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — June. 
 G. MULTiCAUUS Benth. Common below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 G. TENUiFLORA Benth. Frequent in S. G. Mts. June — August. 
 G. viRGATA Steud. Arroyo Seco. May — August. 
 
 LINANTHUS Benth. 
 
 L. ANDROSACEUS (Benth.) Greene. F'requent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 L. DIANTHIFLORUS (Benth.) Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. February — May. 
 L. PHARNACEOiDES (Benth.) Greene. Common in drj- soil below 2,000 feet. May — ■ 
 July. 
 
 PHLOX Linn. 
 
 P. GRACI1.1.S (Dougl,) Greene. Arroyo Seco. February — April. 
 
 Hydrophyllaccce . 
 
 NEMOPHILA Nutt. 
 
 N. AURiTA Liudl. Arroyo Seco. April— June. 
 
 N. INSIGNKS Dougl. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February — May. 
 
 N. MENZiESii H. & A. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February — May. 
 
 EUCRYPTA Nutt. 
 
 E. CHRYSANTHEMiFOi-iA (Benth.) Greene. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. 
 March — June. 
 
 PHACELIA Juss. 
 
 P. BRACHYi.OBA Gray. S. G. Mts. 3,000-5,000 feet. June — August. 
 
 P. ciRCiNATA (Willd.) Jaq. Common below 2,500 feet. May — ^July. 
 
 P. HiSPiDA Gr. Common below 2,500 feet. March — ^July. 
 
 P. LONGIPES Torr. A. S., S. G. Mis. May— July. 
 
 P. RAMOSis.siMA Hook. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mis. April— July. 
 
 P. TANACETiEor.iA Beiilh. Common below 2,300 feet. March — June. 
 
 P. WHiTLAViA Gray. Common on dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 EMMENANTHE Benth. 
 
 E. PENDUI.IKI.ORA Henlh. Frequent below 2,500 feet. April — ^Juue. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 64I 
 
 ERIODICTYON Benth. 
 
 E. CALTFORNICUM (H. & A.) Greene. (Verba Sauta.) S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,000 feet. 
 
 May— July. Leaves used by the Mexicans as a tonic. 
 E. TOMENTOSUM Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,000 feet. May — July. 
 
 BorraginacecE. 
 PECTOC.\RYA DC. 
 
 P. LINEARIS (R. & P.) DC. O. K., A. S. March—May. 
 PLAGIOBOTHRVS Fisch. & Mey. 
 
 P. NOTHOFULVUS Gr. Common below 2,ooo feet. February — May. 
 CRYPTANTHE Lehm. 
 
 C. AMBiGUA (Gr.) Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. April — June. 
 
 C. MiCROSTACHYS Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. April — June. 
 AMSINCKIA Lehm. 
 
 A. SPECTABiLS F. & M. Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 SolanacecE . 
 SOLANUM Tourn. 
 
 S. DOUGLASii Dunal. Com. below 2,500 feet. 
 
 S. UMBELLiFERUM Esch. S. G. Mts. April— June. 
 
 S. XAMi Gray. S. G. Mts. April— June. 
 PHYSALIS Linn. 
 
 P. AEOUATA Jacq. Com. in cultivated and waste ground. May — September. 
 DATURA Linn. 
 
 D. METEiyOiDES DC. In moist and shaded soil below 1,000 feet. May — October. 
 
 Labiata;. 
 
 TRICHOSTEMA Linn. Blue Curls. 
 
 T. LANATUM Benth. Echo Mt. May— July. 
 
 T. LANCEOLATUM Benth. Com. below 2,000 feet. August — October. 
 MENTHA Linn. Mint. 
 
 M. CANADENSIS Linn. Canyons south of Pasadena. May — September. 
 PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. Mountain Mint. 
 
 P. CALIFORNICUM Torr. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — September. 
 MONARDELLA Benth. 
 
 M. LANCEOivATA Gray. A. S., N. Pas., Las Casitas. June — September. 
 SALVIA Linn. Sage. 
 
 S. CARDUACEA Benth. Occasional in dry soil. April — ^June. 
 
 S. COLUMBARIAE Benth. (Chia.) Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May. Seeds 
 used by Indians for food. 
 
 S. MELLIFERA Greene. (Black Sage.) Com. on dry hillsides. April — ^June. 
 
 S. SPATHACEA Greene. On banks of A. S. April— July. 
 RAMONA Greene. 
 
 R. POLYSTACHYA (Beuth.) Greene. (White Sage.) Com. on dry hillsides. April 
 —June. 
 SCUTELLARIA Linn. Skull-cap. 
 
 S. TUBEROSA Benth. Com. in unbroken soil below 1,500 feet. March — ^June. 
 MARRUBIUM Linn. Hoarhound. 
 
 M. VULGARE Linn. Com. below i,Soo feet. March — July. 
 STACHYS Linn. 
 
 S. ALBENS Gr. O. K., A. S.. canyons of S. G. Mts. April— June. 
 
 S. C.\LlFORNiCA Benth. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May — ^July. 
 
 Set ophulariacecB . 
 
 CORDYLANTHUS Nutt. 
 
 C. FiLiFOLius Nutt. A. S., S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. June — September. 
 
 46 
 
642 HISTORY OF PASADKNA. 
 
 CASTILLEIA Linn. Painted-cup. 
 
 C. ForviOLO.SA n. & A. Com. on dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 C. MiNiATA Dougl. Com. on hillsides below 2,500 feet. April — ^June. 
 C. PARVIFLORA Bong. Hills near Arroyo Seco, R. C. March — May. 
 
 C. STENANTHA Gray. O. K., M. C. May — August. 
 
 ORTHOCARPUS Nutt. 
 
 O. PURPURASCENS Benth. ("Paint-brush.") Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 VERONICA Linn. Speedwell. 
 
 V. PERKGRINA Linn. Oak Knoll. May — June. 
 MIMULUS Linn. Monkey-flower. 
 
 M. BREV'iPES Benth. Frequent below 3,000 feet. April — June. 
 
 M. c.\RDiNALis Dougl. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — October. 
 
 M. FLORiRUNDUS Gray. Arroyo Seco, canyons of .S. G. Mts. June — October. 
 
 M. FREMONTi Gray. Echo Mt. April— June. 
 
 M. LUTEUS Linn. O. K., A. S. 
 
 M. LUTEUS Linn. var. depauperatuS Gr. S. G. Mts. 4,000-5,000. May — July. 
 
 DIPLACUS Nutt. 
 
 D. GLUTINOSUS (Wendl.) Nutt. Hills along Arroyo Seco. April — July. 
 
 PENTSTEMON Mitch. Beard-tongue. 
 
 P. AZUREUS Benth. Frequent on hillsides below 3,000 feet. May — July. 
 
 P. CENTRANTHIFOLIUS Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000-5,000 feet. March — June. 
 
 P. CORDIFOLIUS Benth. Hills along A. S., S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. May — 
 
 July. 
 P. PALMERi Gr. Mt. Lowe. June — August. 
 P. SPECr.^BiLis Thurb. Near Sierra Madre. April — ^June. 
 P. TERNATUS Torr. S. G. Mts. 4,000-5,000 feet. June — August. 
 
 COLLINS I A Nutt. 
 
 C. BicOLOR Benth. Com. below 3,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 C. PARRVi Gray. Arroyo Seco. April — May. 
 vSCROPHULARIA Tourn. Figwort. 
 
 S. CALIFORNICA Cham. O. K.; A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May— August. 
 
 ANTIRRHINUM Tourn. Snapdragon. 
 
 A. COUI.TEKIANUM Benth. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. May— July. 
 
 A. Gi.ANDULOSUM Lindl. A. S., Altadena. April— June. 
 
 A. NUTTALLIANUM Benth. Hills along A. S. May— June. 
 
 A. .STRICTUM (H. & A.) Gr. Hills along A. S., R. C. May— July. 
 
 LINARIA Tourn. Toad-flax. 
 
 L. CANADEN.SIS (Linn.) Dum. Common below 2,000 feet. April — September. 
 
 VERBASCUM Linn. Mullein. 
 
 V. viRGATUM With. Frequent below 2,000 feet, abundant at Altadena. June — 
 August. , 
 
 Oro ba yi ch a cecB . 
 APHYLLON Mitch. 
 
 A. TUBEROSUM Gr. Echo Mt. among shrubs. June — August. 
 
 Verbenaccie. 
 VERBENA Linn. 
 
 V. POLYSTACHVA HBK. O. K., A. S. May — September. 
 
 V. PROSTKATA R. Br. Com. below 1,500 feet. April — September. 
 
 Pla n iaf^inacecc . 
 PLANTAGO Linn. 
 
 P. HIRTELLA HBK. Oak Knoll. May— July. 
 
 P. LANCEOLATA Linii. Coui. below 1,500 feet. April — ^July. 
 
 P. MAJOR Linn. Frequent below 1,500 feet. May — August. 
 
 P. PATAGO.NICA Jacq. Com. in dry soil below 2,500 feet. March — May. 
 
 Genta7iacccp. 
 ERYTHR.IiA Rn. Canchalagua. 
 
 E. VENUSTA Gr. Common in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. April— July. In 
 general use among the Mexicans as a medicinal herb. 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCK. 643 
 
 Apocynacece. 
 
 APOCYNUM Tourn. 
 
 A. CANNABiNUM Linn. (Indian Hemp.) In A. S. April — ^June. 
 
 Asclepiadcaece. 
 
 ASCLEPIAS Linn. Milkweed. 
 
 A. ERIOCARPA Benth. Frequent below 2,000 feet. Com. at Las Casitas. June — 
 
 August. 
 A. Fascicularis Decsne. Frequent below 2.000 feet. June — August. 
 
 Campanulacecs. 
 
 SPECULARIA Heist. 
 
 S. BiFLORA Gray. Occasional below 1,500 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 Lobelia cecB. 
 NEMACLADUS Nutt. 
 
 N. RAMOSissiMUS Nutt. var. pinnatifidus. (Greene) Gray. Echo Mt. May— July. 
 LOBELIA Linn. 
 
 L, SPLENDKNS Willd. Oak Knoll. Wild-grape canyon. July — October. 
 PALMERELLA Gray. 
 
 P. DEBiLis Gr. var. serrata Gr. A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. July— October. 
 
 Ciuurbiiacecs . 
 
 CUCURBITA Linn. Cucumber. Squash. Pumpkin. 
 
 C. FOETiDissiMA HBK. (Mock Orange.) Common in dry soil below 2,000 feet. 
 April — ^June. 
 MICRAMPELIS Raf. Big-root. 
 
 M. FABACEA (Naud) Greene. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. February — 
 April. 
 
 Rubiacea. 
 
 GALIUM, Linn. Bedstraw. 
 
 G. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nut. Com. below 3,000 feet. March— ^June. 
 
 G. aparine Linn. O. K , A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. March— May. 
 
 G. californicum Hook & Arn. O. K., A. S. , foothills S. G. Mts. April — June. 
 
 G. GRANDE McC. Erythea II: 124. S. G. Mts. 2,500 — 4,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 G. NUTAi.Lii Gr. Foothills S. G. Mts. May and June. 
 
 G. OCCIDENTALIS McC. Erythea II: 124. S. G. Mts. 3,000 — 4,000 feet. May and 
 
 June. 
 G.TRIFIDUM Linn. Baldwin's Ranch. June and Jul)'. 
 
 Caprifoliacecs . 
 
 SAMBUCUS Tourn. Elder. 
 
 S. GLAUCA Nutt. Frequent below 2,500. April and May. 
 
 SYMPHORICARPUS Dill. 
 
 S. MOLLIS Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. April and May. 
 CAPRIFOLIUM DC. 
 
 C. SUBSPiCATA (H. & A.) Greene. 
 
 Dipsacece. 
 
 DIPSACUS Tourn. Teasel. 
 
 D. FULLONUM Linn. (Fuller's Teasel.) O. K. June — August. 
 SCABIOSA Linn. 
 
 S. STELLATA Linn, Along streets in Altadena. May — ^July. 
 
644 HISTORY OF I'ASADKNA. 
 
 Conipositcr. 
 COI.EOSANTHUS Cass. 
 
 C. CALiFORNicus (T. & G.) O. Klze. Hills along Arroyo Seco, foothills S. G. Mts. 
 
 July — September. 
 •C. NEViNii (Gr.) O. Ktze. Foothills S. (i. Mts. July— September. 
 
 GRINDELIA Willd. 
 
 G. ROBUSTA. Nutt. Frequent below 2,000 feet. May — ^July. 
 HETRROTHECA Cass. 
 
 H. GRANDiFLORA Nutt. ComnioH below 2,000 feet. 
 
 CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. 
 
 C. SESSILIFLORA Nutt. O. K., A. S. June — August. 
 
 ERICAMERIA Nutt. 
 
 E. CUNKATUS (Gr.) McC. Rubio Canyon. June — September. 
 
 E. MONACTis (Gr.) McC. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. June— Sept. 
 HAZARDIA Greene. 
 
 H. SQUARROSUS (H. & A.) Greene. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. June- 
 September. 
 
 BIGELOVIA DC. 
 
 B. VENETA Gr. A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. and adjacent plains. July — Sept, 
 
 SOLIDAGO Linn. 
 
 S. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. to 5,000 feet (side of 
 
 Mt. Lowe). August — October. 
 S. CONFiNis Gr. Oak Knoll. August — October. 
 S. OCCIDENTALIS Nutt. Arroyo Seco. August — October. 
 
 core;throgyne dc. 
 
 C. FiL.^GiNiFOLiA Nutt. Common below 5,000 feet. June — September. 
 
 ASTER Linn. 
 
 A. ADSCENDENS Lindl. S. G. Mts. July — September. 
 A. EXiLis Ell. Along streets. 
 
 A. FREMONTi Gr. var. parishii Gr. Canons S. G. Mts. August — October. 
 ERIGERON Linn. 
 
 E. CANADENSE Linn Common below 2,500 feet. June — September. 
 E. FOWOSUM Nutt. Frequent below 3,600 feet. jNIay — August. 
 
 E. PHILADEI.PHICUM Linn. O. K., A. S. April— July. 
 CONYZA Linn. 
 
 C. COULTERI Gray. Oak Knoll. July — September. 
 
 BACCHARIS Linn. 
 
 B. viMiNEA DC. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. 
 
 GNAPHALODES Tourn. 
 
 G. CALIFORNICA (F. & M.) Greene. Frequent in dry soil below 3,000 feet. April 
 —June. 
 
 FILAGO Linn. 
 
 F. CALIFORNICA Nutt. Common in dry soil below 3,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM Linn. Everlasting. 
 
 G. CALIFORNICUM DC. Common below 3,000 feet. March — July, 
 G. CHILHNSE Spreng. Common below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 
 G. LEUCOCEPHALUM Gr. Fretjuent between 1,000 — 3,000 feet. July-September. 
 G. MICROCEPHALUM Nutt. Frequent below 2,500 feet. July — September. 
 G. PAi.u.STRE Nutt. Oak Knoll. April — May. 
 G. RAMOSI.S.SIMUM Nutt. Oak Knoll. August — October. 
 AMBROSIA Tourn. Ragweed. 
 
 A. PSILOSTACHYA DC. Com. below 2,000 feet. August — October. 
 
 XANTHIUM Tourn. 
 
 X. SPiNOSUM Linn. Along streets. June — September. 
 
 X. .STRiMARiUM Linn. In waste soil. June — August. 
 HELIANTHUS Linn. .Sunflower. 
 
 H. ANNUU.S Linn. Com. below 2,000 feet. 
 
 LEPTOSYNE DC. 
 
 L. DOUGLA.sn DC. A. S. and adjacent hills; foothills vS. (i. ]\Its. and adjacent plains. 
 June — September. 
 
DI\'ISION KIGHT — SCIENCE. 645 
 
 BIDENS Linn. 
 
 B. CHRVSANTHEMOIDES Micbx. O. K.; A. S. 
 
 B. Pir.oSA Linu. Along streets. July — October. 
 MADIA Molina. Tar-weed. 
 
 M. DissiTiFLORA (Nutt) T. & G. Along street. July — September. 
 
 M. SATiVA Mol. Frequent below 1,800 feet. June — August, 
 HEMIZONIA DC. Tar-weed. 
 
 H. FASCicuLATA (DC.) T. & G. var. ramossima Gr. Com. Below i,Soo feet. 
 May — July. 
 
 H. PUNGENS Torr. & Gray. Frequent below 1,800 feet. May — August. 
 
 H. TENELI.A Gray. O. K.; A. S. April—June. 
 • LAYIA Hook. & Arn. 
 
 D. GLANDULOSA (Hook.) H. & A. O. K.; A. vS. April— June. 
 
 L PL.ATYGLOSSA (F. & M.) Gray. (Tidy-tips) Com. below 2,000 feet. April— June. 
 ACHYRACHAENA Schauer 
 
 A. MOLLIS Schauer. Near Oak Knoll. March — May. 
 BAERIA Fisch. & Mey. 
 
 B. GRACILIS (DC.) Gr, Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May. 
 ERIOPHYIvLUM Lag. 
 
 E. CONFERTiFLORUM (DC.) Gr. Com. in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. April — 
 June. 
 
 CH^NACTIS DC. "Pin-cushion." 
 
 C. ARTEMisiAEFOLiA Gray. Frequent in dry unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. 
 June — July. 
 
 C. GLABRIUSCULA DC. Frequent on dry hills. May— June, 
 
 C. LANOSA DC. Com. below 3,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 HELENIUM Linn. Sneeze-weed. 
 
 H. PUBERULUM DC. O. K.; A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — October. 
 ACHILLEA Linn. Yarrow. 
 
 A. MILLEFOLIUM Linn. Com. in foothills of S. G. Mts. and adjacent plains. May 
 August. 
 
 ANTHEMIS Linn. Chamomile. 
 
 A. COTULA Linn. Com. below 1,500 feet. April — July. 
 MATRICARIA Linn. 
 
 M. DiscoiDEA DC. Com. below 1,500 feet. February — April. 
 ARTEMISIA Linn. Worm-wood. "Sage-brush." 
 
 A. CALiFORNiCA Less. (California "Sage-brush.") Com. in dry unbroken soil 
 below 4,000 feet. May — August. 
 
 A. DRACUNCULOiDES Pursh. Frequent below 2,000 feet. May — August. 
 
 A. LUDOviciANA Nutt. Occasional below 2,000 feet. June — August. 
 
 A. VULGARIS Linn. var. californica Bess. Common below 2,500 feet. June — 
 August. 
 TETRADYMIA DC, 
 
 T. COMOSA Gray. Near Devil's Gate. July — August. 
 LEPIDOSPARTUM Gr. 
 
 L. souAMATUM Gr. A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. July— September. 
 SENECIO Linn. Groundsel. 
 
 S. CALiFORNicus DC. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May. 
 
 S. DOUGLASii DC. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. July— September. 
 CARDUUS Tourn. Thistle. 
 
 C. CALIFORNICUS (Gr.) Greene. O. K., R. C. May— July. 
 
 C. occiDENTALiS Nutt, Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June. 
 SILYBUM Gaerth. Milk-Thistle. 
 
 S. MARiANUM (Linn.) Gaerth. Near Oak Knoll. May— July. 
 CENTAUREA Linn. Star-Thistle. 
 
 C. MELiTENSiS Linn. Com. below 2,000 feet. May — August. 
 PEREZIA Lag. 
 
 P. MICROCEPHALA Gr. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. JVIts. June— August. 
 MICROSERIS Don. 
 
 M. LINEARIFOLIA Gr. Com. below 3,500 feet. February — May. 
 
646 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 PTILORIA Raf. 
 
 P. CICHORIACICA (Gr.) Greene. Canyons S. G. Mts. July — September. 
 
 P. viRG.\TA (Henth.) Greene. Com. belevv 3,500 feet. June — October. 
 RAFINESQUIA Nutt. 
 
 R. CALIFORNICA Nutt. Hills along A. S. June — July. 
 MALACOTHRIX DC. 
 
 M. TENUIFOLIA T. & G. Com. below 2,500 feet. June — August. 
 HYPOCH.ISRIS Linn. 
 
 H. RADiCATA Linn. Along streets. May — ^July. 
 CREPIS Ivinn. 
 
 C. BIENNIS Linn. Along streets. April — ^June. 
 TARAXACUM Linn. Dandelion. 
 
 T. TARAXACUM (Linn.) Mac M. Occasional^along streets. April — October. 
 LACTUCA Tourn. 
 
 L. SCARiOLA L. South of Pasadena. June — August. 
 SONCHUS Linn. Sow-Thistle. 
 
 S. ASPER Linn. Frequent below 1,500 feet. 
 
 S. OLERACEUS Linn. Common below 1,500 feet. 
 HIERACIUM Tourn. Hawkweed. 
 
 H. PARiSHii Gr. Canyons S. G. Mts. June — August. 
 
 SUMMARY OF PLANTS LISTf;d. 
 
 ProTOPHYTA 40 
 
 Phycophyta 50 
 
 Carpophyta 350 
 
 Bryophyta 53 
 
 PTERIDOPH YT A 21 
 
 Spermaphyta 542 
 
 Total, 1,056 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 
 
 647 
 
 INDEX TO FLORA. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Acer 636 
 
 Achillea 645 
 
 Achyrodes 628 
 
 Achyrachaena 645 
 
 Actinonema 616 
 
 ^cidiutn 615 
 
 Adiantutn 626 
 
 Adenosto:ua 638 
 
 Agaricus 621 
 
 Agrostis 628 
 
 Albugo 612 
 
 Alchemilla 638 
 
 Alder 631 
 
 Alfalfa 639 
 
 AlfiJaria 635 
 
 Algse, blue-green 6og 
 
 Algae, fresh-water 610 
 
 AInus 631 
 
 Alsia 625 
 
 Alyssum 635 
 
 Amanita 619 
 
 Amanitopsis 619 
 
 Amarantus 631 
 
 Atnblystegiuni 626 
 
 Ambrosia 644 
 
 Amerosporium 616 
 
 Amorpha 639 
 
 Amsinckia 641 
 
 Asco.coccus 6og 
 
 Anabaena 609 
 
 Anagallis 640 
 
 Andropogon 627 
 
 Aneniopsis 631 
 
 Antirrhinum 612 
 
 Antitrichia 625 
 
 Authoceros 624 
 
 Anthemis 645 
 
 Aphyllon 642 
 
 Apiastruni 637 
 
 Apium 637 
 
 Apocyiiuin 643 
 
 Aquilegia 633 
 
 Arabis 635 
 
 Aralia 637 
 
 Arbutus 639 
 
 Arctostaphylos 639 
 
 Arenaria 6!3 
 
 Argeiuone 634 
 
 Aristida 62S 
 
 Arrnillaria 619 
 
 Artemisia 645 
 
 Asclepias 643 
 
 Ascochyta 616 
 
 Ascophora 611 
 
 Aspicliuni 626 
 
 Asplenium 626 
 
 Asterella »... 624 
 
 Aster 644 
 
 Astrseus 618 
 
 Astragalus 639 
 
 Atripiex 632 
 
 Atropis 628 
 
 Aulacomuiuni 625 
 
 Avena 628 
 
 Aytonia 624 
 
 AzoUa 626 
 
 Baccharis 644 
 
 Bacillus 6og 
 
 Bacteria 600 
 
 Bactridium 619 
 
 Badhamia 609 
 
 Baeria 645 
 
 Barbula 625 
 
 Barley 629 
 
 Bartramia 625 
 
 Batrachopermum 623 
 
 Bay Tree 633 
 
 Beard Tongue 642 
 
 Besrgiatoa 609 
 
 Bidens 645 
 
 rA<iE 
 
 Bigelovia 644 
 
 Big Root 643 
 
 Bindweed 640 
 
 Blackberry 638 
 
 Bloonieria 630 
 
 Blue Curls 641 
 
 Bolbitius 620 
 
 Boletus 622 
 
 Botrydium 612 
 
 Botrytis 617 
 
 Bovista 618 
 
 Boykinia 637 
 
 Brachythecium 625 
 
 Brassica 635 
 
 Brodlcea 630 
 
 Bromus 628 
 
 Bryuni 625 
 
 Buckthorn 036 
 
 Buellia 613 
 
 Bull rush 629 
 
 Burr Clover 639 
 
 Bursa 635 
 
 Buttercup 633 
 
 Cactus 637 
 
 Calandriiiia 633 
 
 Calocylindrus 611 
 
 Calochortus 630 
 
 Calyptridiuni 632 
 
 Caniptothecinm 625 
 
 Calvatia . 618 
 
 Canaigre 632 
 
 Canchalagua 642 
 
 Cap u odium 612 
 
 Caprifolium 643 
 
 Cardamine 635 
 
 Carduus 645 
 
 Carex 629 
 
 Carrot, Wild 637 
 
 Castilleia 642 
 
 Catchfly 633 
 
 Catastonia 61S 
 
 Cat-Tail 627 
 
 Caucalis 637 
 
 Ceanothus 636 
 
 Celery, Wild 637 
 
 Centaurea 645 
 
 Cerastiuni 633 
 
 Ceratophylluni 630 
 
 Cercospora 617 
 
 Cersporella 617 
 
 Cercocarpus 638 
 
 Cereus 637 
 
 Cetraria 614 
 
 Chamomile 645 
 
 Chceiiactis 645 
 
 Cheilanthes 626 
 
 Chenopodiuni 632 
 
 Cherry, Wild 638 
 
 Chia 641 
 
 Chickweed 633 
 
 Chorizanthe 632 
 
 Chlorogalum 631 
 
 Chroococcus 609 
 
 Chrysopsis 644 
 
 Cladonia 613 
 
 Cladophora 612 
 
 Cladosporium 617 
 
 Claopodium 625 
 
 Clavaria 623 
 
 Claytouia 633 
 
 Clematis 633 
 
 Clitocybe 620 
 
 Closterium 611 
 
 Clover 639 
 
 Clover, Sweet 639 
 
 Club-Moss 626 
 
 Coconeis 611 
 
 Cocconeraa 611 
 
 Coleosanthus 644 
 
 CoUema 613 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Collin sia 642 
 
 Collybia 619 
 
 Cohnubine 633 
 
 Conifers 627 
 
 Conferva 612 
 
 Coniophora 623 
 
 Conium 636 
 
 Conothecium 618 
 
 Convolvulus 640 
 
 Conyza 644 
 
 Coprinus 622 
 
 Cordylanthus 641 
 
 Corethrogyne 644 
 
 Cornel 637 
 
 Corn-spurrey 633 
 
 Cornus 637 
 
 Corticium 623 
 
 Cortiuarius 621 
 
 Cosmarium 611 
 
 Cotyledon 637 
 
 Cottonwood 631 
 
 Crepidotus 621 
 
 Crepis 646 
 
 Croton 636 
 
 CrucibuUnu 6 9 
 
 Cryptanthe 641 
 
 Cryptomitrium 624 
 
 Cryptodiscus 614 
 
 Cup-fungi 613 
 
 Cucurbita 643 
 
 Cucurbitaria 622 
 
 Cuscuta 640 
 
 Cyathus 619 
 
 Cylindrocapsa 612 
 
 Cyiindrosporium 617 
 
 Cymbella 611 
 
 Cynodon 62S 
 
 Cyperus 629 
 
 Cystopteris 626 
 
 Dactylts 628 
 
 Dandelion 646 
 
 Datisca 638 
 
 Datura 641 
 
 Daucus 637 
 
 Delphinium 633 
 
 Dematium 617 
 
 Dendroraecon 634 
 
 Desmids 611 
 
 Diachea 609 
 
 Diatoms 611 
 
 Dicentra 634 
 
 Dicranoweis-a 624 
 
 Diplacus 642 
 
 Diplodia 616 
 
 Dipsacus 643 
 
 Distichlis 628 
 
 Dock 632 
 
 Dodecatheon 640 
 
 Dodder 640 
 
 Dogwood 637 
 
 Drapernaldia 612 
 
 Duckweed 629 
 
 Ear-drop 634 
 
 Eccilia 620 
 
 Elder 643 
 
 Elymus 629 
 
 Emmenanthe 640 
 
 Empusa 611 
 
 Endocarpon 613 
 
 Entoloma 620 
 
 Entomosporium 616 
 
 Epicampes 628 
 
 Epicoccum 618 
 
 Epilobium 638 
 
 Epipactis 631 
 
 Equiselum 626 
 
 Eragrostis 628 
 
 Ericanieria 644 
 
 Erigeron 644 
 
 Eriodictyon 641 
 
648 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Eriogonum 632 
 
 Kriophyllum 645 
 
 Krodium 635 
 
 Erysiphe 612 
 
 Ervsiimim 635 
 
 Erythnea 642 
 
 Eschscholtzia 634 
 
 Eucladium 624 
 
 Eucrypta 640 
 
 Endoriua 611 
 
 Eugleua 611 
 
 Eulobus 638 
 
 Euphorbia 636 
 
 Eurotiura 612 
 
 Eur>'nchiuin 625 
 
 Everlasting 644 
 
 E%'eruia 614 
 
 Exidia 623 
 
 Favoliis 623 
 
 Feather-Moss 625 
 
 Fennel 637 
 
 Ferns 626 
 
 Festuca 628 
 
 Figwort 642 
 
 Filago 644 
 
 Fissidens 624 
 
 Fission Plants 609 
 
 Five-Finger 638 
 
 Foeniculum 637 
 
 Fomes 622 
 
 Fossombrouia 624 
 
 Four-o'clock 632 
 
 Fritillaria.- 631 
 
 FruUania 624 
 
 Fuchsia, Wild 638 
 
 Fuligo 609 
 
 Fuuaria 625 
 
 Fungi, Black 612 
 
 Fusicladium 617 
 
 Galera 620 
 
 Galium 643 
 
 Garrya 637 
 
 Gastridium 628 
 
 Geasler 618 
 
 Geranium 635 
 
 Gilia 640 
 
 Gloeosporium 6i5 
 
 Glouium 613 
 
 Gnaphalodes 644 
 
 Gnaphalium 644 
 
 Gnomouia 613 
 
 Godetia 638 
 
 Gomphonema 611 
 
 Goniuni 611 
 
 Gooseberry 637 
 
 Goosefoot 632 
 
 Grape 636 
 
 Grass, Blue-eyed 631 
 
 Grasses 627 
 
 Grease-wood 63S 
 
 Grimaldia 624 
 
 Grimniia 625 
 
 Grindclia 644 
 
 Gymnogramme 626 
 
 Ha1)enaria 631 
 
 Ilapalosiphon 609 
 
 Hazardta 644 
 
 Hebeloma 620 
 
 Hedwigia 625 
 
 Helen ium 645 
 
 Htlfocharis 629 
 
 Hcliantheraum 635 
 
 Helianthus 644 
 
 Helvella 614 
 
 Ucmixonia 645 
 
 Hemlock, False 627 
 
 Hendersonia 616 
 
 Heteromeles 638 
 
 Heterospoiium 618 
 
 Heterotheca 644 
 
 Heuchera 637 
 
 Hieracium 646 
 
 Horfhound 641 
 
 Holcus 628 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Holly, California 638 
 
 Holodiscus 638 
 
 Hordeum 629 
 
 Hormiscium 617 
 
 Hornwort 633 
 
 Horse-tails 626 
 
 llyduuni 622 
 
 Hydrocotyle 636 
 
 Ilydrdictyon 611 
 
 Hygrophorus 620 
 
 Hynienochaete 622 
 
 Hypholoraa 621 
 
 H y poch ;e ri S 646 
 
 Hypoxylon 613 
 
 Hysterographium 613 
 
 Indian -pink 633 
 
 Indian -lettuce 633 
 
 Juglans 631 
 
 Juncus 629 
 
 Juniper 627 
 
 Jussuea 638 
 
 Knot-grass 632 
 
 Knotweed 632 
 
 Lace-pod 634 
 
 Lachnea 614 
 
 Lachnella 614 
 
 Lactarius 620 
 
 Lactuca 646 
 
 Lamb's quarter 632 
 
 Larkspur 633 
 
 Lathyrus 639 
 
 Laurel Mountaiu 633 
 
 Layia 645 
 
 Lecanora 613 
 
 Lemna 629 
 
 Lenzites 620 
 
 Lepidium 635 
 
 Lepidospartum 645 
 
 Lepiota 619 
 
 Leptobryum 625 
 
 Leptodactylon 640 
 
 Leptogium 613 
 
 Leptonia 620 
 
 Leptothrix 609 
 
 Leptosyne 644 
 
 Libocedrus 627 
 
 Lichens 613 
 
 Lilac, California 636 
 
 Lilium 630 
 
 Lmanthus, 640 
 
 Linaria 642 
 
 Little Club-moss 626 
 
 Liverworts 624 
 
 Lobelia 643 
 
 Loliuin 629 
 
 Lotus 639 
 
 Lunula ria 624 
 
 Lupin us 639 
 
 Lyngbya 609 
 
 Lycoperdon 61S 
 
 Ly thrum 635 
 
 Macrosporium 61S 
 
 Madia 645 
 
 Madotheca (124 
 
 Madrona 639 
 
 Mahogany, Mountain 638 
 
 Malacothrix 646 
 
 Mallow 635 
 
 Malva 635 
 
 Manzanita 639 
 
 Maple 636 
 
 Marchantia ^24 
 
 Marrubium 641 
 
 Marsonia 617 
 
 Mastigonema 609 
 
 Matricaria 645 
 
 Meadow Rue 633 
 
 Meadow-sweet 638 
 
 Medicago 639 
 
 Mclampsora 616 
 
 Mclancouium 617 
 
 Melica 628 
 
 Melilotus 639 
 
 Melosira 611 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Mentha 641 
 
 Mentzelia 63S 
 
 Meridion 611 
 
 Merismopedia 609 
 
 Merulius 623 
 
 Mesocarpus 611 
 
 Mexican Tea 632 
 
 Micranipelis 643 
 
 Micrococcus 609 
 
 Microseris 64.S 
 
 Milkweed 643 
 
 Mimulus 642 
 
 Mint .• 641 
 
 Mirabilis 632 
 
 Mistletoe 631 
 
 Mock-orange 643 
 
 Mouardella 641 
 
 Monkey- llower 642 
 
 Morchella 614 
 
 Morning-glory, wild 640 
 
 Mosses 624 
 
 Mouse-ear 633 
 
 Mucor 611 
 
 Muhlenbergia 628 
 
 Muilla 630 
 
 Mullein 642 
 
 Mushroom, common 621 
 
 Mustard 635 
 
 Mycena 620 
 
 Nasturtium 635 
 
 Naucoria 620 
 
 Naverretia 640 
 
 Navicula 611 
 
 Nemacladus ; '. 643 
 
 Nemophila 640 
 
 Nettle 632 
 
 Nostoc 609 
 
 Nothohcna 626 
 
 Nummularia 613 
 
 Pteonia 6,53 
 
 Paint-brush f>42 
 
 Painted-cup 642 
 
 Palmerella 643 
 
 Panaeolus 621 
 
 Pandorina 611 
 
 Panicum 627 
 
 Pannaria 613 
 
 Papaver 634 
 
 Parietaria 632 
 
 Parmelia 614 
 
 Paspulum 627 
 
 Pea, wild 639 
 
 Prickly Pear 637 
 
 Pectocarya 641 
 
 Pediastrum 611 
 
 Pelkca 626 
 
 Peltigera 613 
 
 Penicillium 617 
 
 Peniophora 623 
 
 Pentslemon 642 
 
 Pepper-grass 635 
 
 Perezla 645 
 
 Pertusaria 613 
 
 Peucedanum 637 
 
 Peziza 614 
 
 I'hacelia 640 
 
 Phalaris 627 
 
 Phallus 618 
 
 Phlebia 623 
 
 Phleum 628 
 
 Phlox 640 
 
 Pholiota 620 
 
 Phoradendron .' 631 
 
 Phragmidium 615 
 
 Phycia 614 
 
 Ph'yllachora 613 
 
 Phyllosticta 616 
 
 Physalis 641 
 
 Physarum 609 
 
 Pigweed 622 
 
 Pimpernel 640 
 
 Pincushion 645 
 
 Pine 627 
 
 Placodiuiu 6/1 
 
DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 
 
 649 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Plagiobothrys 641 
 
 Plantago 642 
 
 Platanus 632 
 
 Platystemon 634 
 
 Pleurotiis 620 
 
 Pluteolus 620, 621 
 
 Poa 628 
 
 Podosporiella 618 
 
 Poison Oak 635 
 
 Polycarpon 633 
 
 Polygala 636 
 
 Polygonuin 632 
 
 Poly podium 626 
 
 Polypogon 628 
 
 Polyponis 622 
 
 Polystictus 622 
 
 Polvtrichum 625 
 
 Pond-Weed 627 
 
 Poplar 631 
 
 Poppy 634 
 
 Populus 63' 
 
 Pore-fungi 621 
 
 Portulaca 633 
 
 Potamogeton 627 
 
 Potentilla 638 
 
 Primrose, p;vening 638 
 
 Protococcus 610 
 
 Pruiuis 638 
 
 Psathyrella 621 
 
 Pseudopeziza 614 
 
 Pseudotsuga 627 
 
 Psoralea 639 
 
 Pteris ; 625 
 
 Pterogonium 625 
 
 Pterostegia 632 
 
 Ptiloria 646 
 
 Puccinia 615 
 
 Pucciniastrum 616 
 
 Puff-Balls 6iS 
 
 Purslane 633 
 
 Pycnanthemum 641 
 
 Quercus 631 
 
 Radulum 623 
 
 Rafinesquia., 646 
 
 Ragweed 644 
 
 Ramalina 614 
 
 Ramilaria 617 
 
 Raniona 641 
 
 Ranunculus 633 
 
 Raphanus 634 
 
 Rattle-Weed 639 
 
 Rhamnus 636 
 
 Reus 635 
 
 Rhynchostegium 625 
 
 Rhytisma „ 614 
 
 Ribes 637 
 
 Riccia 624 
 
 Rinodina 612 
 
 Rock-Rose 635 
 
 Rosa 638 
 
 Rosellinia 612 
 
 Rubus 63S 
 
 Rumex 632 
 
 Russula 620 
 
 Rusts 614 
 
 Sac-Fungi 612 
 
 Sage 641 
 
 Sage, Black 641 
 
 Sage- Brush 645 
 
 Sagiua 633 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Salix 631 
 
 Salvia 641 
 
 Sa:nbucus 643 
 
 Samolus 640 
 
 Sanicula 636 
 
 Saprolegnia 612 
 
 Saxifraga 637 
 
 Scabiosa 643 
 
 Scale-Mosses 624 
 
 Scenedesmus 610 
 
 Schizophyllum 620 
 
 Scirpus.... 629 
 
 Scleroderma 518 
 
 Scleropodium 625 
 
 Scolecotrichum 617 
 
 Scrophularia 642 
 
 Scutellaria 641 
 
 Secotium 6i8 
 
 Sedge 629 
 
 Selaginella 626 
 
 Seuecio 645 
 
 Septoria 616 
 
 Setaria 627 
 
 Shooting Star 640 
 
 Sidalcea 635 
 
 Silene 633 
 
 Silybum 635 
 
 Sisymbrium 651 
 
 Sisyrinchium 635 
 
 Sium 636 
 
 Skull-Cap 641 
 
 Smartweed 632 
 
 Smuts 616 
 
 Snapdragon 642 
 
 Soap Plant 631 
 
 Solanum 641 
 
 Solidago 6^4 
 
 Sonchus 646 
 
 Sorghum 627 
 
 Sorrel 632 
 
 Sow-Thistle 646 
 
 Spanish Bayonet 631 
 
 Specularia 643 
 
 Speedwell 642 
 
 Spergula 633 
 
 Sphcerella 612 
 
 Sphserocarpus 624 
 
 Sphaeropsis 616 
 
 Sphperotheca 612 
 
 Spice-Tree 630 
 
 Spikenard 637 
 
 Spirillum 610 
 
 Sporobolus 628 
 
 Spumaria 610 
 
 Spyrog3Ta 611 
 
 Stachys 641 
 
 Stellaria 633 
 
 Steraphylium 618 
 
 Stereum 623 
 
 Sticta 613 
 
 Stigeoclonium 612 
 
 Stigmatea 613 
 
 Stipa 628 
 
 Strephauthus 635 
 
 Stropharia 621 
 
 Sumach 635 
 
 Sunflower 644 
 
 Sycamore 632 
 
 Syniphoricarpus 643 
 
 Svnedra 6;i 
 
 E'AGE 
 
 Taphrina 614 
 
 Taraxacum 646 
 
 Tar-Weed 645 
 
 Teasel 643 
 
 Tellima 637 
 
 Tetradymia 645 
 
 Thalictrum 633 
 
 Theloschistes 614 
 
 Thistle 645 
 
 Thysanocarpus 634 
 
 Tidy-Tips 643 
 
 Tillaea 637 
 
 Toad-Flax 642 
 
 Toadstools 618, 619 
 
 Toadstools, Dissolving 622 
 
 Tolypothrix 609 
 
 Torula 617 
 
 Trametes 623 
 
 Tremella 623 
 
 Trichoderma 611 
 
 Tricholoma 619 
 
 Trichostema 641 
 
 Trifolium 639 
 
 Trisetum 628 
 
 Tropidocarpum 634 
 
 Tubaria 620 
 
 Tumbleweed 632 
 
 Tylostoma 6i8 
 
 Typha 627 
 
 Ulothrix 612 
 
 Umbellularia 633 
 
 Umbilicaria 614 
 
 Urceolaria 613 
 
 Uredo 616 
 
 Uromyces 614 
 
 Urtica 632 
 
 Usnea 614 
 
 Ustilago 616 
 
 Vaucheria 612 
 
 Velaea 636 
 
 Verbascum 642 
 
 Verbena 642 
 
 Veronica 042 
 
 Vetch 639 
 
 Vicia 639 
 
 Viola 635 
 
 Violet 635 
 
 Vitis 536 
 
 Virgin's Bower 633 
 
 Volvaria 620 
 
 Walnut 631 
 
 Water-Cress 635 
 
 Webera 625 
 
 WhiteCedar 627 
 
 Wild Buckwheat 632 
 
 Wild Rye 629 
 
 Willow 631 
 
 Woodwardia 626 
 
 Wood-Sorrel 635 
 
 Wormwood 645 
 
 Yarrow 645 
 
 Yerba Mansa 631 
 
 Yerba Santa 641 
 
 Yucca 631 
 
 ZannicheUia 627 
 
 Zauschneria 638 
 
 Zygnema 6ii 
 
 Zygadenus 630 
 
 47 
 
650 • HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 DIVISION NINE— SOUTH pasadena. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 South Pasadena. — Its incorporation ; and historic events of the municipalit)'. — Its 
 Schools, Newspapers, Library, Literary Societies, Post Office, Churches, HoteL 
 Opera House Block, Manufactures, etc., etc. 
 
 THE CITY OF SOUTH PASADENA. 
 
 The land comprised in this corporation was part of the original Rancho 
 San Pasqual. See chapters i, 2, 3, 4, for important historic events which 
 transpired within this city's boundaries, during the Indian, the Spanish, 
 and the Mexican occupancies of the country. 
 
 The beginning of a town here was in the spring of 1885, when O. R. 
 Dougherty laid out ten acres of his land into town lots, and put up a neat 
 little building marked "South Pasadena Land Office," at the junction of 
 Sylvan Drive and Mission street, which was then on the daily stage route 
 between Los Angeles and Pasadena. At the same time, or very soon after, 
 subdivisions were made by Geo. Lightfoot and others in rapid succession, 
 and the town of South Pasadena thus began to have a name and a place in 
 the world of tangible things. 
 
 When the matter of incorporating the city of Pasadena was being 
 agitated in 1885 and 1886, an effort was made to have this settlement join 
 in the movement, but they declined. However, these people were strongly 
 opposed to having liquor saloons in their midst ; and within a few months 
 it was found that they must either incorporate .so as to have police control 
 over their territor}^ or else be blotched and cursed at every eligible corner 
 by the diabolical traffic. And thus they were compelled by sheer necessity 
 for self-protection to incur the expense and trouble of forming a city corpor- 
 ation. 
 
 The city of South Pasadena was incorporated in February, 188S. The 
 first meeting of city trustees, who had been named in the articles of incor- 
 poration, took place in the office of Smith & Jacobs, March 8, 1888; they 
 were D. M. Graham, Geo. W. Wilson, A. A. Burrows, D. R. Risley, and 
 W. P. Hammond. Graham was chosen president. C. C. Miles had been 
 named for clerk, but was absent, and Mr. Wilson served as clerk pro 
 tem. Three ordinances were passed — No i, fixing time of trustee meet- 
 ings at 9 a. m. every Monday ; No. 2, place of meeting ; No. j, bonds o^^ 
 city clerk, treasurer, and marshal. And all were ordered to "be published 
 once in the South Pasadena Bell, a newspaper published weekly in the city 
 of South Pa.sadena." 
 
 The .second meeting of the citj' trustees or council was on March 12. 
 At this meeting Captain D. R. Risley introduced and moved the adoption of 
 
DIVISION NINE — SOUTH PASADENA. 651 
 
 the famous Pasadena prohibitory ordinance, just as it had been passed upon 
 and sustained by the state supreme court ; and it was adopted without a dis- 
 senting vote — to take effect March 14, 1888. It remains in full force yet, 
 1895, just as enacted at this meeting. However, it was ascertained later that 
 these first four ordinances had not gone through all the forms of procedure 
 laid down in the state law; hence they had to be formally rescinded, and 
 then re-enacted step by step in accordance with the statute. 
 
 Under this first city council the following city officers were appointed : 
 A. B. Cobb, marshal, with M. B. Sellman as deputy ; attorney, W. S. 
 Knott ; recorder [police judge], J. A. Gates was elected, but declined to 
 serve, and F. H. Smith was then chosen. Treasurer, J. H. Jacobs. 
 
 The first city election was held April 9, 1888, the officers having held 
 their places by charter provision until this time. And all the same men 
 were elected to the same places, except Capt. Risley, who had withdrawn, 
 and E. Gardner was chosen in his stead. The trustees or councilmen drew 
 lots for term, and Wilson, Graham and Hammond drew the two-j^ear seats, 
 while Gardner and Burrows drew the four-year seats. And the business of 
 the city now went on efficiently and in good shape. July 2 E. Peters was 
 appointed fruit-pest inspector. 
 
 At this time the city limits took in the whole of the Pasadena school 
 district, which extended from Columbia street south to the north line of Los 
 Angeles city, and from the Arroyo Seco east to the west line of the Stone- 
 man ranch, or the Raymond brook and its outwash, which are called also 
 the " San Pasqual Arroyo " in the city records of April 29, 1889, and other 
 dates. Saloons had been started on Mission street, and Columbia street, 
 and Fair Oaks Avenue, and the adobe road — some eight or nine in all — 
 and now the city had to wrestle with them. Some were closed without 
 much trouble, but others staid to fight. And the city records of August 
 13, 1888, show that $23 was paid to the Pasadena Detective Agency for ser- 
 vices in this line. Again, April 22, 1889, $20 was allowed to the city mar- 
 shal, E. Peters, for payment of detectives. Thus all saloons north of the 
 chalk hills were finally driven out ; but those on the adobe road down 
 toward Los Angeles could not be phased, and they continued to run wide 
 open, although nominally in a prohibition city. To get rid of this offensive 
 state of things it was necessary to hav^e the city boundaries re-established, 
 .so as to exclude the incorrigible territor\'. 
 
 On July 31, 1889, the city council v^oted to call an election, to take 
 place September 7, on a proposition to exclude from the city limits all the 
 territory south of the Monterey road, etc. And it was ordered that notice 
 of such election " be published four weeks in the South Pasadena Citizen, a 
 weekly newspaper printed and published in the city of South Pasadena." 
 On August 26 the council changed the date of this election to September 28, 
 to cure some technical defects in their former action. The election was held at 
 
652 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 two polls — one in the territory not excluded, and another in the territory pro- 
 posed to be excluded. The polling place for this latter section was at the 
 Newton ranch house on the adobe road, near the bridge crossing the Arroyo 
 del Castillo. And the sort of people forming that .saloon -ridden settlement 
 is pretty well indicated by the names of the officers for this election, which 
 were : Daniel Kevane, inspector ; Barton Qujaneck and Herman Schackow, 
 judges; L,. W. Kevane and Domingo Batz, clerks. The vote stood in the 
 city, fifty-nine for exclusion, and seven against ; in the excluded territory, 
 twenty -five for exclusion, and none against. The result was duly certified 
 to the secretary of .state, and the new boundaries then established continue 
 to this time — 1895. 
 
 February 11, 1889, M. B. Selman resigned as city mar.shal, and K. 
 Peters was appointed. April 22, an official bench mark was established, 
 being "the top of .stone coping under windows at northeast corner of the 
 Opera Hou.se [Graham & Mohr's brick block] on south side of Center 
 street — 657. 86 feet above datum plane," or .sea level. They had petitioned 
 the county board of supervi.sors for a justice of the peace at vSouth Pasadena, 
 and accordingly F. H. Smith had been appointed for them ; then they im- 
 mediateh' made him also City Recorder [police judge] — May 27, 1889. 
 The next regular city election took place early in April, 1890 ; and the 
 Pasadena Stafidard of April 19, said: 
 
 ' ' The South Pasadena city election was carried with a clean sweep by 
 the whole ticket in favor of maintaining the anti-liquor ordinance. The new 
 board consists of Ed. Gardner (holds over), I^eo A. lyongley, W. H. Mace, 
 Charles Moore, S.J. Fleming; Clerk, A. F. M'Reynolds, re-elected; Mar- 
 shal, E. Peters, re-elected ; Treasurer, J. H. Jacobs, re-elected. The total 
 vote ca.st was 126 ; and all but two of the candidates received every vote." 
 
 June 26, 1893, E. Gardner resigned as member and president of the 
 city council, and J. P. Early was chosen in his .stead. During this year al.so 
 the city had a legal contest with the Eos Angeles Terminal Railroad Com- 
 pany, which w^as charging a higher rate of fare to Eos Angeles than that 
 fixed in their right-of-way franchise through the city. About August i 
 Judge Eucien Shaw of the Superior Court, Eos Angeles, gave a decision in 
 favor of the cit3^ The railroad company appealed the case to the State 
 Supreme Court, and this tribunal also decided against them. So they were 
 obliged at last to either fulfill the terms which they had agreed to in their 
 franchise, or else remove their trackage from the streets of the cit}'. 
 
 The city officers in 1894 95 are as follows : Howard Eongle}^ presi- 
 dent of tru.stees ; and P. M. Green, H. J. Cone, E. H. Rust, and Frank 
 Stokes the other members. Isaac Peel, city mar.shal ; A. F. M'Reynolds, 
 clerk ; J. H. Jacobs, treasurer ; Geo. Gleason, recorder ; G. W. Wilson, 
 .street superintendent ; \V. E. Arthur, attorney, at call ; T. D. AlHn, engi- 
 neer, at call. [The two latter re.side in Pasadena.] 
 
DIVISION NINE — SOUTH PASADENA. 653 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 In chapter 9, entitled "Annals of the Schools," will be found a full 
 account of how and when this south district became segregated from the 
 original San Pasqual school district, down to the building of the fine school- 
 house on Columbia Hill, and its conversion into the "Sierra Madre Col- 
 lege " — but later converted into a stately residence by C. D. Daggett, Esq. 
 [See pages 171-72.] 
 
 The district was formed January 7, 1878, and originally extended from 
 California street clear down to the north line of I^os Angeles city, under the 
 name of Pasadena School District; but its north line was later dropped down 
 to Columbia street. Its first trustees were A. O. Porter, H. G. Bennett, 
 I. B. Clapp, the latter being clerk. A small school-house was at once 
 erected near the corner of West Columbia and Hermosa street. But on June 
 26, 1883, the contract was let to C. B. Ripley for the big school-house on 
 Columbia Hill, to cost $3,925. Then on June 17, 1884, this building and its 
 grounds, some five or six acres, were sold at public auction and bid in by 
 P. M. Green for the Sierra Madre College, at $2,000. Miss Mary Phelps 
 was then the teacher. [For the history of this College project see page 188 .] 
 Early in 1885 O. R. Dougherty and others commenced laying out the 
 town of South Pasadena. A large lot at northwest corner of Center street 
 and Oak Hill avenue was secured for school grounds ; and on March 5, 
 1885, a contract was let to Ridgway & Ripley to erect a school-house 
 thereon, for $1,550. School was opened here the first Monday in October 
 of that year, with Geo. W. Wilson as teacher. He taught one year, then 
 caught the "boom fever " and went into the real estate business. September 
 20, 1886, S. Shaw took the school, and taught it until the holiday vacation. 
 Then Miss Eottie E. Green taught it from January 3, 1887, until the 
 summer vacation. The school children increased so fast that for 1887-88, 
 two teachers, Miss Green and Miss Belle Townsend, were employed. 
 
 August 30, 1888, this school-house was moved down to the Lincoln 
 Park portion of the district, and a new and much larger building was 
 erected on the original school lot, with J. B. Soper as Superintendent of 
 construction. It cost about $10,000. For the school year 1888-89, Miss 
 Eily A. Martin was principal, with Miss Nellie M. White and Miss Eutie 
 Martin as assistants. Year 1889-90, same teachers. Year 1890-91, Miss 
 Martin still principal, with Miss Lizzie A. McMillan and Miss Belle Town- 
 send for assistants. Year 1891-92, Geo. W. Wilson, principal, with Miss 
 E. M. Snyder and Miss Ara Riggins for assistants. Years 1892-93, and 
 1893-94, same teachers. Year 1894-95, J. A. Goodrich, principal, with Miss 
 Snyder, Miss Riggins and Miss Elva Smith as assistants. The school has 
 primary, intermediate and grammar grades. 
 
 This school district now (1895) extends from Columbia street south to 
 the Alhambra and Eos Angeles road, and from the Arro5^o Seco east to the 
 
654 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 San Pasqual Arroyo, which was the boundary between the old Bacon or 
 Marengo ranch and the Stoneman ranch. The school census of April, 
 1894, showed 183 children of school age, and 158 were enrolled in attend- 
 ance during the year. The census of April, 1895, showed 184 children, an 
 increase of only one child — but during the year the southeast corner of the 
 district had been set over into the Alhambra district, its school-house being 
 a mile nearer to these people. 
 
 The school trustees in 1894-95 are Dr. F. A. Seymour, C. L. Neibel 
 and J. B. Soper, the latter having been clerk of the board for three years 
 
 P^^ • NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The South Pasadena Bell seems to have been started some time in Feb- 
 ruary, 1888, but I failed to find the exact date, as no file of it was preserved. 
 It was edited and published by John Sharp, who had the printing done at 
 Ivos Angeles ; so there was no printing office in the town. I found all city 
 ordinances ordered to be published in this paper, up to December 24, 1888 ; 
 but after" that it seems to have died, for its" name does not occur again. 
 
 The South Pasadena Citizen was started July 30, 1889, with W. D. Bridges, 
 editor and publisher. Its typesetting was done in the Pasadena Standard 
 office, then the type forms were carried to the city council room in Opera 
 House block (Graham & Mohr's brick building) in South Pasadena, where 
 O. R. Dougherty, then a member of the council, had located a printing 
 press, and here the sheets were printed and published. This was done to 
 make a valid publication of the election notice for excluding certain territory 
 from the original city limits, as explained before in my sketch of the city in- 
 corporation. The publication of the paper was continued weekly until Sept. 
 24 — nine numbers in all — then discontinued. The heading said: " Published 
 every Tuesday. Office in Graham «& Mohr block." The first page was 
 generally made up of matter from the Pasadena Standard already in type, 
 while the second, third and fourth pages were occupied with local items, 
 articles and advertisements pertaining to South Pasadena. 
 
 The Sojcth Pasadenan was started June S, 1893, by Geo. W. Glover, Jr., 
 and now for the first time South Pasadena had a real printing office of its 
 own. An outfit of types, press, paper cutter, etc., was procured; and Mr. 
 Glover himself invented a successful label gumming machine ; so that in 
 1895 he is issuing an excellent local paper, weekly, and is also competing 
 with lyos Angeles and Pasadena in .some lines of job printing. From June 
 12 to June 18, 1894, the paper was run as a daily, to make legal publication 
 for a railroad franchise through the city ; also again in January, 1895, for a 
 .similar purpose. Capital in the plant, about $1,000. Number of employes, 
 three. Paper published every Thursday, in six-page form. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY AND READING ROOM. 
 
 This was opened in Fe])ruary, 1889, in the Graham & Mohr l)lock, 
 
DIVISION nine; — SOUTH PASADENA. 655 
 
 where a room was given for its use, free of rent. The South Pasadena Citizen 
 of August 20, 1889, published a list of 29 new books purchased for the 
 L/ibrary. The officers then were : Leo A lyongley, president ; J. J. Young, 
 vice-president ; A. H. Nettleton, secretary , Mrs. Btta lyOngley, treasurer ; 
 Miss Jennie Collier, librarian. Open every evening from 7 to 9 o'clock, 
 and on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday afternoons from 2 to 5 o'clock. 
 The South Pasadenan of December 14, 1893, published a report of receipts 
 and expenditures during the successive years 1889-90-91-92-93, by F. H. 
 lyongley. The total receipts had been $476.05, and expenditures $475.55 ; 
 and it was announced that the library would be closed, for want of funds to 
 meet the necessary expenses. But friends came to the rescue. It was not 
 closed. And on April 19, 1894, the librarian reported a total of $116.45 '^^- 
 ceived since December ; also that the rooms had been kept open, old debts 
 had been paid, and some books and periodicals added on the shelves and 
 tables. Another report on July 5, 1894, showed visitors in April, 63 ; in 
 May, 96 ; in June, 98. To reduce running expenses, the room was now only 
 opened on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 2:30 to 5 o'clock p. m. 
 
 In September, 1895, the city council voted to make the Library a public 
 institution of the municipality, and appropriated $1,000 of the city tax levy 
 for new books and current expenses the first year. The library trustees 
 appointed under this new system were : Rev. A. M. Merwin, F. H. Longley, 
 Leo A. Longley, James Wadsworth and Merton Keith. 
 
 LITERARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 An account of the different Chautauqua Circles that have existed here 
 will be found on pages 517-518. The public school has a literary society of 
 its own, whose officers June i, 1895, were : Mabel Hauk, president ; Gussie 
 Wood, vice-president ; Ruby Fell, secretary ; Sidney Smith, treasurer. 
 
 There is a Literary Club, of whose membership I obtained the following 
 names : Mrs. M. C. Graham, Miss Jennie Collier, Grace Longley, Mary 
 Beery, Edna Smith, Ruth Dougherty, Alice Cone, Rena Neibel, Paul 
 Dougherty, Charles Longley, Fred, Crossly. 
 
 There is a South Pasadena branch of the Lyceum League of America, 
 chartered as No. 1467 ; and from an article in the South Pasadenan I gath- 
 erd the names of some of its members, thus: M. E. Keith, president ; R. B. 
 Stevens, Bert Brown, Paul Dougherty, J. F. Crossly, J. C. Goodrich, 'TMiss 
 Nellie North, J. A. Wassman, Miss Grace Longley, S. E. Hatfield. No 
 further data obtained. 
 
 THE POSTOFFICE. 
 
 January 3, 1883, a postoffice named Hermosa, with Frank M. Glover as 
 postmaster, was established at the Hermosa Vista house. The name " Her- 
 mosa " for their postoffice proved unsatisfactory to the people of that vicini- 
 ty, because it lost to them the prestige of the name "Pasadena," which was 
 now rising into high repute, and which they had secured for their school 
 
656 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 district. So the name of the office was soon changed to South Pasadena. 
 Frank Glover was an invalid, and in a few months became unable to serve 
 the office. He then procured the appointment as postmaster of Chas. H. 
 Case who was teaching the district school in the diminutive first school-house 
 near the corner of Columbia and Herraosa street. The office was moved 
 from the Hermosa house over to a small building at the southwest corner of 
 Columbia street and Sylvan Drive, where the daily stage between Pasadena 
 and lyos Angeles passed its door. This was the situation November 28, 
 1883, when I first visited Pasadena. Frank Glover died March 29, 1884. 
 Mr. Case was also an invalid ; and his wife Gertrude, a daughter of Hon. O. 
 R. Dougherty, did most of the work, being herself deputy postmaster. In 
 1885, when the S. G. V. railroad commenced to supplant the stage line in 
 carrying the mails, this postoffice was moved down to a small building at 
 the corner of Mission street and Prospect Avenue. Mr. Case died Januarj' 
 I, 1887 ; but a week or two before this he had appointed Geo. W. Glover, 
 Jr., as deputy postmaster, to relieve his wife of the care of the office during 
 his last da3'S ; and he also took measures to have her duly commissioned as 
 his successor, so that the income of the office might be assured to her after 
 he had passed away. She was according^ appointed postmistress — and 
 held the position until January, 1890, when she resigned, and T. D. Keith 
 became postmaster. Then on June 3, 1892, Keith retired, and Mrs. Ida 
 Stevens took the place, and holds it yet — 1895. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 About November 10, 1885, the old original Presbyterian church build- 
 ing on California street was removed north to Worcester Avenue. This left 
 South Pasadena without any religious assemblage ; and Mrs. O. R. Dough- 
 erty immediately took the matter in hand to organize a Union Sunday 
 School. In this work she secured the assistance of Miss C. M. Bishop, Wm. 
 Collier, Geo. A. Green, and others, Mr. Green being chosen superintendent. 
 But early in December the First Congregational Church of Pasadena was 
 organized, in the College building on Columbia hill. Mr. Green united with 
 this church, and was made one of its deacons, and superintendent of its 
 Sunday .school. [See page 490.] Nevertheless, the Union Sunday .school 
 was still maintained until it was finally merged into the Methodi-st church 
 work, about a year later. Its .sessions were held in the .school house, and 
 occasional preaching, topical talks, or lectures were had under its auspices. 
 
 THE SOUTH PASADENA M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 A class was organized November 10, 1886, with four members — J. B. 
 Soper and wife, and H. J. Cone and wife. Rev. C. W. Tarr was pastor 
 in charge of Garvanza and South Pasadena, and thus regular preaching was 
 established. April 25, 1887, this church society was incorporated, and 
 they went on at once to put uj) a church building of their own, which was 
 
DIVISION nine; — SOUTH PASADENA. 657 
 
 formally dedicated October 30, 1887. Rev. A. W. Bunker wrote an excel- 
 lent original hymn for this occasion. The exercises were conducted by the 
 presiding elder of the district, Rev. Geo. F. Bovard, assisted by Rev. J. A. 
 Wood, D. D., Rev. R. S. Cantine, D. D., Rev. P. F. Bresee, D. D., Rev. C. 
 W. Tarr, Prof. W. P. Hammond. 
 
 In September, 1894, A. F. Mitchell donated a cottage for a parsonage, 
 and it was moved onto the church lot. In 1895, there are eighty members, 
 and the church propert}' is estimated at $3,600. Besides the Sunday school 
 and the class meetings, there is an Epworth League, a Ladies' Aid society, 
 missionary society, etc., as auxiliaries in the church work. The successive 
 pastors have been: Rev. C. W. Tarr, 1886 to 1888 ; Rev. A. W. Bunker, 
 1888 to 1890 ; Rev. F. S. Woodcock, 1890-91 : Rev. J. D. Munroe, 1891-92; 
 Rev. A. W. Bunker again, 1892 94 ; Rev. H. J. Crist, 1894-95. The 
 church officers in 1895 ar^ • Trustees — ^J. B. Soper, W. P. Hammond, G. 
 W. Wilson, O. R. Dougherty, J. H. Jacobs, M. B. Reed. Stezvards — Soper, 
 Reed, Mrs. Mary Soper, Mr. Jacobs, E. E. Barden, Martha E. Wood, A. E. 
 Bennett, Mrs. G. W. Wilson. Supt. Sunday School — ^J. H. Jacobs. 
 
 memorial baptist church of south PASADENA. 
 
 Organized in September, 1888, with about fourteen members, and joined 
 for pastoral services with the Alhambra church, of which Rev. John Heri- 
 tage was then pastor. He was succeeded in 1890^91, by Rev. T. E. 
 Crandall, under whose administration this society was incorporated Decem- 
 ber 20, 1890. In 1892 93 Rev. W. Gregory, D. D., was pastor of these 
 two charges ; and from 1893 to '95 Rev. S. K. Dexter was pastor. A church 
 building was erected in 1891, at a cost of about $1,000. In 1895 there are 
 about forty members ; and the church property is valued at $1,500. It has 
 a Young People's society of Christian Endeavor, and a Eadies' Aid society 
 
 as auxiliaries. Trustees : A. J. Moody, T. D. Keith, C. E. Neibel, and 
 
 ST. JAMES' EPISCOPAL MISSION. 
 
 This was commenced in July, 1893, at corner of Meridian Avenue and 
 Mission street. (No further data furnished.) 
 
 Note. — The Cah^ary Presbyterian church, on Columbia street, stands 
 about ten steps inside of South Pasadena limits. Its data was furnished me 
 by Rev. Williel Thomson of Pasadena, one of its chief promoters ; and its 
 historic sketch will be found on page 478. 
 
 historic WAYMARKS, INDUSTRIES, ETC. 
 
 September i6, 1885, regular passenger and freight service was com- 
 menced between Eos Angeles and Pasadena by the S. G. V. railroad. [See 
 Chapter 22.] But the first record in the matter which I found for South 
 Pasadena was that A. F. McReynolds was station agent on and after P'eb- 
 ruary 10, 1886. When the railroad commenced running, of course the two 
 daily hack lines had to be given up. W. T. Yore's line had the contract for 
 
658 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 carryiug the mail from Los Angeles to the South Pasadena and Pasadena 
 offices, and he now arranged to bring it up on the railroad instead of by 
 horse vehicle as before. And this change made the special occasion for mov- 
 ing the South Pasadena postoffice down from Columbia Hill to a building 
 near the railroad station. But the railroad company itself does not appear of 
 record as a mail contractor until March 15, 1886, the previous arrangement 
 having been all in Mr. Yore's name until his contract expired. 
 
 In March, 1886, a telegraph office was first opened in South Pasadena, 
 with Mrs. May McReynolds as operator — a position which she still holds, 
 and also that of station agent in 1895. 
 
 In 1886-87 the South Pasadena hotel was built b)^ George Lightfoot. 
 
 In 1887, while the "boom" was still flush, D. M. Graham and Dr. J. 
 H. Mohr let the contract for their great brick structure known as Opera 
 House block, which was not completed until well on into 1888, when the 
 boom's green leaves had begun to wilt and look very sick. 
 
 In 1889 two invalid school teachers from New England came here 
 for their health, and started a httle business enterprise called "Women's 
 Pre.serving Union." With a common cookstove and washboiler they pre- 
 prepared pure fruit jellies, marmalades, etc., and put it up so nicely that it 
 won favor, became quite a success, and for several years gave South 
 Pasadena some fame abroad. They had to enlarge their facilities and em- 
 ploy some help, as their trade increased. But in 1891 Miss Thompson died, 
 and Miss Ames sold the works to a Mrs. Woodruff and daughter who con- 
 tinued the business a few months, then gave it up; and the enterprise has 
 never been revived. 
 
 Gas Engine Works. — In February, 1894, a bUvSiness was commenced 
 by Robert S. Futhey and E. C. Steele, which developed into an establish- 
 ment for the manufacture of the Atlas Gas Engine, adapted to run by gas, 
 gasoline, or distillate from crude oil, and to furnish power for well pumps, 
 or for any other purpo.se of a stationary engine. The capital is about $1,200, 
 comprising buildings, tools, machinery, stock, etc. Employes, three. A 
 general black.smith .shop, pipe fitting, machine repairing, etc., is combined 
 with the engine factory. 
 
 Beer Garden. — In 1886 a man named Reinert bought a 2 1-5 acre lot 
 at j unction of Sylvan Drive and Mission street and erected a building on it 
 for his family residence and a saloon. He also built an arbor, laid out 
 grounds, planted shrubbery, etc. , for a regular Sunday beer garden business. 
 But this offensive establishment was driven out in 1888, after incorpora- 
 tion was obtained and the prohibitory ordinance put in force. Then in 
 August, 1893, Miss Ohve Cleveland bought this ex-beer-garden property and 
 converted it into an orpanage or children's home a place to save homeless 
 boys instead of to destroy them. [For more particulars about this "home," 
 see page 522.] 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 659 
 
 In 1895 the Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric Railroad was built 
 through South Pasadena, from Garvanza northeastward; and also the South- 
 ern Pacific Railroad branch line to Pasadena was built up across the eastern 
 part of this city. In the same year the vSanta P'e R. R. Co. straightened and 
 re-graded their track through the city, to avoid a double curve in the old line 
 which had alwa^'s been troublesome for heavy trains on the up haul ; and 
 the depot building was of course moved to the new short-cut track. 
 
 For account of the oil borings on South Pasadena hills, see pages 464 
 and 552. 
 
 For early historic events which occurred on South Pasadena soil, see 
 pages 58, 65, 67, 71, 72, 98, etc. 
 
 ^-N 4; 
 
 DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 AN AFTERMATH OF FIRST THINGS. 
 
 It is an ancient sa^ang that ''First 77/ z>/^^ are always historic." This 
 chapter is devoted to corralling a few untethered "first things" in Pasadena 
 history, which did not happen to be caught and linked in at other points, or 
 else here afford some new particulars not before given. This summary of 
 ' ' first things ' ' by date shows in a striking manner how few years it has 
 taken to build up such a goodlj' city as Pasadena now is. 
 
 The first child born in the colony was that of Geo. Wentworth, who 
 resided on what is now the Joseph Wallace place, with its cannery, etc. 
 This was in 1874. It was a girl baby, and the colonists made up a fund 
 and bought a baby carriage for the little lady. The second birth was that 
 of Lulu Bristol, December i, 1875. The third. Lulu Conger, Th.^ first 
 boy baby born was Harvey, son of Chas. H. and Millie Watts, whose 
 marriage was the first wedding in the colony. 
 
 The first school-house was built in January, 1875, on W. T. Clapp's 
 land, where Mrs. Ware's cottage now stands; and Jennie Clapp reopened 
 
66o HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 her school in this building on January 28, 1875. It had been closed since 
 October, for want of room, there being twenty pupils enrolled. 
 
 The first sermon ever preached in Pasadena was in this new school- 
 house, the very first Sunday that it was in condition to be used, February 
 7, 1875, by Rev. W. C. Mosher, Presbyterian. The next Sunday, February 
 14, Rev. Solomon Dunton, Methodist, preached there ; and at this time a 
 Union Sunday school was organized, with Daniel Pike as superintendent. 
 Also a Union prayer meeting was established there, on this Sunday or the 
 next, as a regular Sunday assemblage. 
 
 The first church organized in Pasadena was the First Presbyterian, on 
 March 21, 1875, with Rev. W. C. Mosher as pastor. The first administra- 
 tration of the Lord's Supper was on April 4, conducted by Rev. A. F. 
 White, D. D., of Los Angeles, and Mr. Mosher; and at this time Dr. H. G. 
 Newton and Wm. T. Clapp were duly installed as the first ruling elders. 
 
 The first marriage in the colony was that of Charles H. Watts and 
 Miss Millie Locke, daughter of Major Erie Locke, March 12, 1875. They 
 now reside at or near Downey, Cal. 
 
 The first store in the colony was started in 1875, by M. Rosenbaum, in 
 a small rough-board building which he had erected on west side of Orange 
 Grove Avenue below Colorado street, where Dr. John W. Wood's neat cot- 
 tage now stands. But on account of liquor being sold here, against which 
 the colonists most vigorously protested, the store was soon given up, and 
 the building rented for a Chinese wash-house ; and so this and there was 
 the first Chinese business started in Pasadena. 
 
 The first horticultural society in Southern California was organized by 
 the Pasadena colonists, early in 1875. It was called " Fruit Growers' Associa- 
 tion," and met fortnightly in the school-house, to talk over experiences, 
 compare notes, report progress, quote authorities, and discuss all matters 
 pertaining to their new business ; for they had started a fruit colony, al- 
 though there was not an experienced horticulturist among them. 
 
 The first civil officer in Pasadena was I. N. Mundell, who was ap- 
 pointed road overseer in 1875. His jurisdiction extended from the Arroyo 
 Seco eastward to Santa Anita canyon, and from the north line of Los An- 
 geles to the mountains. He first opened or worked the ' ' adobe road ' ' to 
 Los Angeles, and several others within the district. 
 
 The first postmaster appointed was Josiah Locke, March 15. 1875 ; but 
 he declined to serve, and no office was opened until Henrj' T. Hollingsworth 
 was made postmaster, September 21, 1876. [See page 234.] 
 
 The finst barber chair in Pasadena was established during the winter of 
 1876-77, by Albert S. Hollingsworth. He was a great joker; and the colony 
 wags made his .shop their loafing place, to spin yarns, play off" jokes, or put 
 ridiculous waggish stories in circulation "just for fun," which sometimes 
 became a real grievance to innocent parties. It was said that Albert learned 
 his trade practicing on his brother Henry, the yoi:ng postmaster. 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 66 1 
 
 The first death in the colony was that of Wm. Green Porter, aged 8 
 years, June 13, 1876 — son of A. O. Porter. The next death was a 4-year 
 old son of James Blatenburg, January 20, 1887. The third was the son of 
 Col. Banbury, September 4, 1877. [See page 234.] The first death of an 
 adult was that of Bartlett Cobb, July 13, 1878, step-brother-in-law to Mrs. 
 Col. Banbury. 
 
 The first double wedding took place February i, 1887, when J. H. 
 GiiFord and Samuel S. Page were married at the same time to daughters of 
 John W. Wilson, by the Methodist pastor. Rev. Chas. Shelling. Giflford 
 now lives at Los Angeles, and Page at Alhambra. 
 
 The first " house afire " was the burning down of Thomas Banbury's 
 house, ^t Marengo Avenue and Glenarm corner, in 1878. 
 
 The first regular real estate office and business was opened by T. P. 
 Lukens, in 1880; and during the first three years he sold upwards of $225,- 
 000 worth of Pasadena property. Now president Pasadena National Bank. 
 
 In February, 1882, the first thoroughbred poultry yard in Pasadena 
 was started by Ed. C. Clapp, with Light Bramahs. He still sticks to his 
 original text in chickendoxy. 
 
 The first brass band was organized in 1882, with 15 members, and was 
 allowed the use of the central school house for evening practice, at first In 
 speaking of it the Union of May i, 1885, says : 
 
 "The members now are as follows: Frank Newlan, (leader) solo 
 cornet. Hancock Banning, ist cornet. George Woodbury, 2d cornet. 
 Will Clapp, solo alto, Al. Howe, ist alto. Carl Freese, 2nd tenor. George 
 Eaton, bass. John Lowe, baritone. Lou. Winder, bass drum. Charles 
 Clapp, snare drum. Prof. Scovill, Los Angeles, teacher. Three years ago 
 it was undertaken, and of its then fifteen or sixteen members the majority 
 have fallen by the way. During that time they had met in the school house, 
 and in a blacksmith shop, and one winter in a tent. Some had walked three or 
 four miles to rehearse; yet in the face of these difficulties their teacher com- 
 plimented them with assurance that ovXy one band in Los Angeles could 
 take up a piece of new music and play it equal with them." 
 
 The first photograph artist here was George Weingarth, in 1882. He 
 took the Pasadena views printed in the Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, in- 
 cluding the one on page 167 in this volume. In 1884 Thomas G. Norton 
 opened a photograph galler}', but he died in '85. 
 
 The first telephone in Pasadena was put up in Williams's store in 
 December, 1882. Wesley Bunnell was the first person who ever talked hx 
 wire from this town — and the historic first words thus spoken were ''He 
 isn't here.'" The workman had just got the 'phone in and stepped out to 
 fix something about the pole wires, when the bell was rung from Los Ang- 
 geles, and inquiry made for the said workman. Bunnell was clerk in the 
 store, and he went to the 'phone and answered as above. 
 
 The first bicycle ever rode in Pasadena was in 1882, by Will Hisej^ — 
 
662 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 a 46-inch Otto wooden wheel. But later in the same year Geo. H. Frost 
 run the streets on a 54-inch Expert Columbia wheel. And next came 
 Geo. W. Glover with another one like Frost's. And the first bicycle race 
 is thus reported by the Valley Union of December 18, 1885 : 
 
 " Geo. W. Glover, Jun., made a good run on his bicycle Tuesday after- 
 noon. Leaving Lamauda station at the same time as the train, he reached 
 Pasadena station before the train crossed Colorado street on the way out. 
 Distance 3^ miles; time about fifteen minutes." 
 
 The first drug store was opened in 1883 by Dr. Frederick Sheldon, in a 
 two-story frame building which he erected at the corner of Colorado and 
 Mills streets, and which stands there yet. 
 
 The first dentistry office was opened by John White, from Marshall- 
 town, Iowa, in 1883. He now resides at Redlands. • 
 
 Two " first things " of the year 1883 are thus reported in the Ujiion 
 of June 18, 1886 : 
 
 "Ben E. Ward commenced business in Pasadena in 1881. About the 
 middle of Februar}-, 1883, he opened an office in R. Williams's building, 
 then just completed, on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street, 
 and hung out the first business sign ever exhibited in Pasadena. It bore 
 the legend — 
 
 [ben e. ward I 
 
 I REAL ESTATE 
 
 .J 
 
 In August, 1893, he started the Pasadena Chronicle, with his brothers Frank 
 and Walter as associate editors. The Valley Union is the direct continua- 
 tion of that first newspaper ever published in Pasadena." [See page 214.] 
 
 The first lumber yard was started by Col. J. Banbury, October 20, 1883, 
 on the north side of Colorado street, nearly where the Santa Fe Railroad 
 runs now. 
 
 The first wagon built entirely in Pasadena was in January and February, 
 1884. Woodwork by Charles Ryan ; iron work by L,. J. Newlan ; painting 
 by Kline & Zoubrodth ; trimming by J. H. Fleming. It was a platform 
 spring wagon. 
 
 The first bakery was opened in February, 1884, by Fulford & Crozier. The 
 oven was twice soaked through and caved in by excessive rains before it 
 could be finished and hou.sed ; and this delay and loss got the young men so 
 swamped with debt that they soon had to sell out. It was the same bakery 
 that has been run by Joseph Gantzer for about ten years past. 
 
 The first billiard hall was opened on Saturday, March i, 18S4, by 
 Jerome Beebe ; and in a few weeks he added a liquor saloon. [See page 241,] 
 
 The first brick laid in the foundation of the Raymond Hotel was 
 on March 20, 1884. [See page 467.] 
 
 The first robbery in Pasadena was on Sunday night, April 6, 1884, 
 when the safe in R. Williams's store and the postoffice wasliroken open and 
 robbed of $800. No clue was ever found to the perpetrators. 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 663 
 
 The first milk route was established in December, 1884, b}^ L. A. Carey. 
 
 The first bank was opened January 12, 1885, ^s the Pasadena Bank, 
 the same that is now the First National Bank of Pasadena. 
 
 The first express office (Wells-Fargo) was opened at Williams's store, 
 April I, 1885, with C. A. Sawtelle, agent. 
 
 The first public observance of Memorial Day in Pasadena was held on 
 May 30, 1885, and was planned and gotten up by Mrs. S. E. Merritt, the 
 librarian. From the Un.io?i's report I quote a few points : 
 
 " The business places of the town were generally closed, and the prin- 
 cipal buildings ornamented with the national colors. In the evening memo- 
 rial exercises were held at Williams' Hall under the auspices of the Library 
 Association. * -•' * The Pasadena Band contributed several 
 selections, and a choir consisting of Messrs. A. F. Mills, F. B. Wetherby, 
 Geo. Monfort,Dr. R. K. Janes, A. F. Clarke, Miss Byram, Miss Werner and 
 Miss Clapp, with Mrs. Nimms as directress, rendered " Columbia, the Gem 
 of the Ocean," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the boys are marching," and 
 "Tenting on the "Old Camp Ground." There was no decoration of graves 
 here, and we know of no soldiers buried here." 
 
 The Union of vSeptember 18, 1885, saj'S : "The first freight brought 
 over the San Gabriel Valley Railroad was a carload of seed barlej' to James 
 Clarke, September 15." But the same paper says in another place : " The 
 first freight delivered in Pasadena by our new railroad was a cargo of lumber 
 for the Pasadena Lumber Co. " I think both of these shipments came by 
 same train — hence the confusion as to " first. ' ' 
 
 The first regular railroad conductor of passenger train between Pasa- 
 dena and Los iVngeles was W. B. King, commencing about September 21, 
 1885. Morris Reeder was engineer and John D. Ripley was fireman on 
 this historic train. 
 
 The first mention of mail arriving by cars is in the Unioyi of September 
 25, 1885 — once a day. Mail closed at 9:24 a.m.; arrived at 6:36 p.m. 
 
 The first Pullman palace car ever hauled into Pasadena was the 
 "Fitchburg," direct from Boston, 4,000 miles without change, via Los An- 
 geles, October 15, 1885 ; it had twenty-four passengers, headed by Alonzo 
 Tower, who afterward built the tourist home known as ' ' Marengo Hall. ' ' 
 Frank E. and Walter R. Ward were then a real estate firm here, and they 
 had arranged a reception banquet for this party at the Los Angeles House, 
 with plates for fort)' persons. Several leading citizens took part, making 
 speeches, etc. Prof. George Conant came with this party, and still resides 
 here. 
 
 The first gaslighting in Pasadena was of J. W. Wood's drug store, and 
 the Masonic hall then over it, in Williams's block, October 22,1885. Mr. 
 Williams had put a private gas machine in a vault under ground at the rear 
 of the Williams Hall block, to serv^e the entire building ; but when regular 
 city gas works were started, this private generator was taken out. 
 
664 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 The first telescope observation ever made from the summit of Mount 
 Lowe was an echpse of the moon, March 10, 1895, by Prof. Edward Swift 
 and L. G. Abbey. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 Miscellaneous. — The Orange Boom. — The Roller Skating Rink. — The Whitesiders.— 
 The lowans. — The Prize Baby. — Local Poetry. — The Shorb Water Scare. — Wil- 
 liams Hall. — Etc., etc. 
 
 Emendations, and sundry belated matters. 
 
 M ISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 This chapter is devoted to such odds and ends of historic memoranda, in- 
 cidents or statistics as seemed worth preserving for future reference, yet did 
 not seem to exactly fit in anywhere else among the more .systematized 
 groupings of the many matters dealt with ; and also some additional cor- 
 rections, and belated matters for last chance of in.sertion. 
 
 THE ORANGE BOOM. 
 
 From a table of statistics gathered in 1879 for the whole San Gabriel 
 Valley, I have compiled the following items of historic interest for Pasadena, 
 from Hist. Los A. Co., p. 131 : 
 
 NAME OF PLACE. NAME OF OWNER. NO. ORANGE NO. BOXES 
 
 TREES. SHIPPED. 
 
 Pasadena Colonists 25,000 
 
 Mutual Orchard Mutual Orchard Co 13,650 
 
 Oak Knoll B. D. Wilson & Co 7, 75© 10,498 
 
 San Marino J. De Barth Shorb 1,700 
 
 Lake Vineyard Mrs. B. D. Wilson 1,100 10,002 
 
 Winston Heights W. H. Winston 2,500 3,323 
 
 El Molino E. J. C. Kewen 1,200 803 
 
 Los Robles Gen. Geo. Stoneman 1,500 579 
 
 Fair Oaks J- F- Crank 3, 000 210 
 
 Fair Oaks A. Brigden : 1,300 
 
 Marengo Ranch F. P. Bacon 1,400 204 
 
 Total number of orange trees 60,100 25,619 
 
 In culling from the mass of reports I took nothing east of Santa Anita 
 
 Avenue or the Winston place, ])Ut only the orchards within Pasadenaland. 
 
 The boxes of oranges reported were the shipments from San Gabriel station 
 
 in 1879. Another report for 1893-94 said : 
 
 "Last season there were .shipped from Pasadena eighty carloads of 
 
 oranges, or 24,000 boxes. In this city and vicinity it is estimated that there 
 
 were dried last season 4,000 tons of green fruit, principally apricots, peaches 
 
 and prunes." 
 
 In the Pasadena Star of December 24, 1891, I found a table of orange 
 shipments from Los Angeles county, from which I gathered this list from 
 Pasadena and its near vicinity : 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 665 
 
 STATION. NO. BOXES ORANGES STATION. NO. BOXES ORANGES 
 
 SHIPPED. SHIPPED. 
 
 Alhambra 43,443 Monrovia 1.998 
 
 Azusa 13.469 Pasadena 43,712 
 
 Chapman 4,168 Raymond i , 346 
 
 Duarte 32,267 San Gabriel 22,416 
 
 L,amanda Park 16,500 South Pasadena 2,708 
 
 Total for season of 1890-92 — 182,025 boxes. The shipments from lyos 
 Angeles city in same time were 22,826 boxes. 
 
 ROLLER SKATING RINK. 
 
 The Valley U7iio7i of October 11, 1884, said : 
 
 "The Pasadena Skating Rink will provide us with a long-felt want in 
 the way of a public building that will accomodate as large an audience as 
 will turn out on any occasion for the next five years, probably. The two 
 young men who enter into this enterprise, Messrs. Brinker and I^ockhart, 
 have displayed commendable enterprise, and deserve to make it pay. The 
 building is 30 x 90 feet in dimensions, with a gallerj^ over the entrance, 
 while a large stage, with dressing rooms on either side fills up the other end. 
 The seating capacity is about 600. The opening took place last Saturday 
 with a grand ball, which many young ladies and gentlemen attended." 
 
 The roller skating fever was then running its course through the land, 
 and Pasadena was well flushed with it. For several months the rumble of 
 the rollers could be heard for five or six squares all around, every evening, 
 as ttie devotees of that exhilarating pastime kept the skating floor in lively 
 use. The building stood on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton 
 street, where the Doty block is now. [See Second Citrus Fair, p. 319.] 
 
 In March, 1885, Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson, author of the famous 
 Southern California story entitled "Ramona," was in Pasadena a few days, 
 stopping at Marengo Hall, then kept by Mrs. Alonzo Tower. 
 
 In April, 1885, at the Flower Festival in I^os Angeles, Mrs. Roseubaum 
 [since deceased] exhibited 150 different varieties of roses grown by her in 
 Pasadena. At the same time Thomas Nelmes's two children. Tommy and 
 Jeannie, exhibited 102 different varieties of wild flowers gathered b}^ them 
 hereabouts ; and on this matter the Pasadena Unio7i of May ist, said : 
 
 " The following record of the varieties of wild flowers gathered each 
 month for the year 1884 by the children of Mr. Thomas Nelmes, is of 
 interest as a matter of curiosity, as well as for its botanical value : In 
 January, sixty-five varieties were gathered ; in February, sixty-eight ; March, 
 seventy ; April, seventy-three ; May, eighty-seven ; June, seventy ; July, 
 sixty ; August, fifty-four ; September, fifty ; October, forty-five ; November, 
 forty-eight ; December, fifty-six." 
 
 About the same time the same paper gave this arborial item : 
 "A. M. Byram has in his door-yard a white oak tree that measures 
 seventy-six feet from edge to edge of the circle covered by its spreading 
 branches. The tree is thirty-five feet high, and the trunk is four feet in 
 diameter. He calls his place ' Nine Oaks.' " 
 
 . 48 
 
666 
 
 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 THE WHITESIDERS. 
 
 The Pasadena Union of November 27, 1886, contained this report: 
 " On Thanksgiving Day a company of our residents who came from 
 Whiteside county, Ilhnois, enjoyed a picnic at the Wilson Grove. After 
 assembhng at the grove T. A. Smith called the meeting to order, and acted 
 as temporary chairman on the temporary organization of an Association of 
 the Whitesiders. T. P. Lukens was chosen chairman of a committee to 
 effect such an organization, with C. G. Jones as secretary. Those present 
 from Whiteside count}' were : Dr. Utley, John Snavely, T. P. L,ukens and 
 family, Frank Smith and wife, John Gait and daughter, Mr. Bressler and 
 wife, George Jones, W. H. Griffin and wife, S. H. Kingery and wife, I. N. 
 Van Horn and family, T. A. Smith and wife, C. W. Roberts and wife, Geo. 
 Dunmore and family, C. C. Bunnell and wife, Wesley Bunnell and wife, 
 Seraphina DeGroff and son, F. M. Smith and wife, Charles Worrell and 
 wife, J. E. Church and wife, Mrs. Greer and son, A. K. Cochrane and wife, 
 Mrs. Kate Brooks, James J. Daily and family, John Daily, James Daily, Jr., 
 Wm. Burdick, Miss Carrie Roberts, Miss Aggie Smith, Clarence Bunnell, 
 C. G. Jones, I. B. Worrell. Mrs. E. R. Worrell, Albert Phelps and wife, 
 Mrs. Worth and Ed. Doty. From sixty to seventy-five in the group were 
 photographed by E. S. Frost & Son." 
 
 PASADENIANS FROM IOWA. 
 
 January i, 1887, the lowans held a picnic at Live Oak Park [now called 
 Lincoln Park] and formed a sort of organization by choosing Hon. Delos 
 Arnold, president; B. F. Ball, vice-president, H. J. Vail, secretary ; C. C. 
 Thompson, treasurer. A total of 408 lowans were reported as now residents 
 of Pasadena and immediate vicinity, being in numbers from diflferent counties 
 as follows : 
 
 From Bremer County 25 From Mahaska County 15 
 
 " Cedar 
 
 '• Hardin 
 
 ' ' Iowa 
 
 " Jasper 
 
 ' ' Johnson 
 
 " Keokuk 
 
 " Linn 
 Total, 408. 
 
 •45 
 •31 
 .12 
 
 •30 
 •13 
 •13 
 • 7 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Mills 
 
 Muscatine 
 
 Polk 
 
 Powesheik 
 
 Scott 
 
 27 other counties 65 
 
 .61 
 .16 
 .20 
 .46 
 . 6 
 • 3 
 
 TRIPLETS BORN. 
 
 The Star oi November 7, 1892, reported: "A lady of Pasadena, Mrs. 
 E. R. Braley, wife of the well-known fruit dealer of Raymond avenue, gave 
 birth yesterday to two girls and a boy, and today she is reported to be doing 
 well. ICach of the chiklren weighs about six pounds." 
 
 BRIDGES AT DEVII/S GATE. 
 
 November 11, 1891, the Deputy County Surveyor, W. A. Burr, 
 reported : " Tliat at the Arroyo vSeco is 1481/ feet long and 83 feet high ; 
 that over the Canyada ra\'ine is 106.S feel long and 59 feet high." 
 
DIVISION TKN — MISCELLANEOUS. 667 
 
 PASADENA PRIZE BABY. 
 
 In June, 1889, a photographer named Downing offered a prize for the 
 finest baby born within a year ; and he would take a picture, free, of all 
 babies entered for the prize. When seventy-five different babies had been 
 thus entered, their pictures were all put into one great partition frame. 
 Then a committee was selected of three bachelors, who did not know whose 
 baby a single one of the pictures represented. This committee never dared 
 to permit their names to be made public ; but they labored three days with 
 the difficult task of deciding which one of the seventy-five .should receive 
 the prize, as the "prettiest and finest baby in Pasadena." 'X\x^ Pasadena 
 Standard o{ July 26, 1889, thus reports on the matter: 
 
 " This prize was awarded last Tuesday to Freddie Clarence Haw- 
 LEY, baby son of Salma W. and vSarah S. Hawley. Baby Hawley was born 
 in Pasadena, June 13, 1888; was baptized in the Universalist church July 
 22, 1888; was photographed in competition for the prize, June 25, 1889. 
 The prize is a greatly enlarged picture of the child, finished in oil or crayon, 
 as the parents may prefer, and handsomely framed. When baby's grand- 
 mother was informed of the award she wiped her spectacles and said com- 
 placently : "Well! well! well! I knew he was a yiice baby — but I never 
 expected that !" And her silver hairs took on a shinier shine. Mrs. Hawley 
 is one of the devoted and faithful teachers in the Band of Hope ; and her 
 bright little boys, Milton and Frank, are often in demand to ' speak a piece ' 
 in the Band, or in Sunda}^ School." 
 
 LOCAL POETRY. 
 From its earliest settlement Pasadena has been a paradise for poets, and 
 I could fill a book with apothegms in verse, born of the land itself and its 
 local environments ; yet comparatively few- of them are worth reprinting. 
 The following excerpt was written by Charles A. Gardner, in 1887 — and 
 was published .some years later by the Art Loan Association as one of its 
 choice souvenirs of Pasadena. It has thus gained a certain historic prestige, 
 and hence I quote it, adding some footnotes of explanation which will better 
 enable the reader to understand the subtle symbolism of its local allusions. 
 The poet is coming up from Los Angeles to Pasadena on the Santa Fe rail- 
 road, and from that outlook and uplook he sings this song : 
 
 Steaming up frojn out the lowlands at the closing of the day. 
 When the sun has furled his banners by the trail of Santa Fe, 
 When the drows}- god has nestled in the bosom of the west, 
 And the purple of his glory fills the valley of the blest. 
 
 Gleams the City of the Highlands in its beauty and its pride, 
 With the laurel of the victor and the orange of the bride, 
 Flashing out upon the vision like the bright and morning star 
 That the pilgrims of the Orient have followed from afar. 
 
 Above the noise of battle, in its beauty and its peace, 
 
 Its portals catch the earliest "Good Morning" from the east, 
 
668 HISTOKY OF PASADENA. 
 
 And latest benedictions and the tenderest caress 
 
 Are pressed upon its temples hy the purple of the west. 
 
 Ships sail b}^ that Highland City"'- in the offing of the sky 
 With the pennants and the orders of the Admiral on high, 
 Bearing nightly courses westward in a heavenly patrol, 
 While the thunders of their cannon by the Mother Mountains roll. 
 
 Steaming upwards from the lowlands at the closing of the daj^ 
 By the ever-shining spirals of the trail of Santa Fe, 
 Circling upward, ever upward, like an eagle in its flight, 
 From the region of the shadow to the region of the light, 
 
 Gleam the portals of the city that can never more be hid, 
 Flashing out upon the vision as the Roman mistress did — f 
 Alba Longa of the moderns in its beauty and its pride. 
 With the laurel of the victor and the orange of the bride. 
 
 THE SHORE WATER SCARE. 
 
 In 1890 there was a good deal of scare-talk in the Pasadena press about J. 
 DeBarth Shorb's grand project for making an artificial lake in Sycamore 
 canyon, a branch of the Eagle Rock Valley just over west of the lyinda 
 Vista hills, and- storing it with the surplus waters of the Arroyo vSeco, then 
 piping it from the said reservoir lake down to Los Angeles. The plan was, 
 to take water from the Arroyo at some point higher up than any of the 
 Pasadena companies had filed their claims ; and it was feared that under 
 pretense of "surplus waters " this Shorb syndicate scheme would really tap 
 and train off Pasadena's water supply. Among the curiosities to be seen in 
 driving along the roadway of the upper Arroyo to the foot of Svvitzer's trail 
 are some tunnels through rocky spurs of the canyon wall ; and there are 
 also tunnels in the Linda Vista hills leading through to Sycamore canyon. 
 This was work done by the Shorb syndicate ; and the Staroi November 19, 
 1890, in deprecating this prospective raid on Pasadena's water resources, 
 said : 
 
 "A .series of tunnels are being run through projecting hills, 7x8 feet in 
 dimensions, * -^ to bring water to the flat below Las Casitas ; thence by 
 pipes down the east bank of the Arroyo to a point below Devil's Gate, where 
 the Arroyo will again be crossed and the Linda Vista hills tunneled 
 through to Eagle Rock Valley." 
 
 Attorney W. S. Wright, on behalf of Pasadena interests made an inves- 
 tigation of the legal .status as to water claims above Devil's Gate, and the 
 Star oi October 7, 1891, thus reported his findings: 
 
 " He finds several filings on the surplus waters of the Arroyo Seco and 
 Millard canyon, made by the Pasadena Land and Water Company, the 
 Shorb Company, the Painter Company, the Highland Park Company, and 
 
 *For Pasadena's fame as a landmark at sea, see page 3S3 — "Las Flores canyon." 
 
 + "Alba Longa " or long white city was one of the names of ancient Rome ; and Pasadena looks 
 .that way as one approaches it from I,os Angeles, up through the .■Vvroyo Seco pass. 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 669 
 
 by Gervaise Purcell. Work to hold them has been done by the Shorb 
 Company and the two Pasadena companies mentioned. The Shorb filing 
 Mr. Wright regards as fatally defective in .several particulars." 
 
 This conclusion seemed to hold good, for the Shorb company stopped 
 work, and their tunnels stand empty, to mystify the Arroyo traveler, or 
 whisper in his ear the sad memorial word, " boom." 
 
 WILLIAMS HALL. 
 
 More historic public meetings have been held in Williams hall than 
 any other place in Pasadena. The building was first erected during the 
 winter of 1882-83, and Williams's store and the post office and the tele- 
 phone office was moved into the lower story. In 1885, it was added to, 
 and reconstructed, the following account of which I copy from the Valley 
 Union of November 6, 1885 : 
 
 " A new building was erected on Fair Oaks Avenue, in the lower story 
 of which are C. L. Fi.sher & Co.'s new store, the new post office, and the 
 entrance to the hall above. In the upper story is the extension to the hall, 
 the gallery, and a banqueting room to be used in connection with the 
 theater, and the Masonic hall adjoining. The entire hall is 30 x 90 feet in 
 size from the front of the stage to the rear of the gallery. The stage has a 
 beautiful drop curtain representing an actual scene from life, the " Ober- 
 wesel," on the Rhine, a tower built by the Romans. It is a beautiful 
 sketch, and presents a fine appearance, blending water, mountains and 
 ruins with happy effi^ct. It was painted by the Schroeder Brothers, of Los 
 Angeles, artists of high reputation, who also have in hand the execution 
 of the scenery, which will be sufficient for all ordinary purposes. The 
 stage also contains all the accessories of prompter's box, gas machinery, etc., 
 and is not behind in the dramatic conveniences of the theaters of larger 
 cities. The main hall has a seating capacity for about 350 people, and is 
 thoroughly lighted both by day and night. The gallery has 170 stationary 
 chairs. It is beautifully designed, with curved front, balcony and rail, and 
 like the other portions of the hall is finished in natural woods." 
 
 EMENDATIONS. 
 
 On page 39 : "August, 18 14, corner stone laid for a church in Los 
 Angeles, but building never erected." Stephen Foster tells me this church 
 was built, and used ; but it was a poor, cheap adobe structure, a few rods 
 north of the present church site at the plaza. 
 
 On footnote, page 73. — The Lewis Hist. Los A. Co., p. 97, says: 
 "John G. Nichols, April 15, 1851 — first American child born in Los Ange- 
 les." Mr. and Mrs. Robinson tell me their child, Oscar, was bom May 11, 
 1850, in a building on New High street, north of Tem})le street, which was 
 then in use as the county jail, Mr. Robinson being deputy sheriff and jailer 
 from 1849 to 1852, But this baby boy died in February, 1852, while they 
 were living in the Garfias house, on Main street, near First. 
 
 M. E. Wood came to Pasadena in 1876, yet his name is not given in 
 
670 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 list of "Old settlers" prior to 1880, on pages 133 to 136. Mr. Wood 
 also gave three days work 011 the new Central School-house in 1878, 
 although his name is not in the list on pages 170, 171. 
 
 On page 200 : Before " Cla.ssical School for Boys," add Miss Collamer's 
 school, established in April, 1887, by Miss Emilie F. L,. CoUamer, on Cam- 
 den street ; limited to fifteen pupils. Primary and grammar grades, and 
 college preparatory. Music and languages taught, besides all the common 
 Knglish branches. 
 
 On page 223: "James G. Clarke, author." — T/ie Are?ia, one of the 
 very front-rank American magazines, in its issue of September, 1895, de- 
 votes fifteen pages to Mr. Clarke and his poetry, and rates him among the 
 greatest of our American prophet-poets. T/ie Arena is competent authority 
 in the literary world. 
 
 On page 224, Abbot Kinney, as an author should be credited with ad- 
 ditional works : " Tasks b}^ Twilight : " G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York ; 
 1893. "Conquest of Death," same publishers, 1893. "Eucalypti: " now 
 in press. " Money," or the Silver Question. 
 
 And to the list of authors given on pages 223 to 226, should be added : 
 Norman Bridge, A. M., M. D. Contributor to medical and .scientific 
 journals ; 20 years professor in Rush Medical College, Chicago : author of 
 a History of the College, now in press. 
 
 Addendum to Chapter XIII, pages 255 to 277, on the " Whisky War.''— 
 On June 10, 1895, a meeting was held in the Carlton hotel parlors, to con- 
 sider what should be done about the prevalent disregard of the " liberal " 
 restrictive law^ as to liciuor selling, for it was being daily violated with in- 
 creasing boldness, and dramshops were being run under cover of restaurant, 
 lunch counter, hotel, drug store, etc. Rev. W. H. McDougal, D. I)., of 
 Oakland, had been invited up from Los Angeles to explain the so-called 
 "Oakland plan "; and after hearing him, steps were taken to organize the 
 "Pasadena Council for Suppression of the Liquor Traffic and 
 Kindred P^vii.S." Various meetings were held ; and a special committee 
 was appointed to employ detectives and secure such evidence as could not 
 be bought, tricked, nor scared out of court. Attorney Benj. Hahn was em- 
 ployed to oversee the collection of evidence, and attorney George A. Gibbs 
 to a.ssist the city attorney in the prosecutions. September 20, six arrests 
 were made ; and the committee had in hand about fifty ca.ses altogether, 
 ready for j^rosecution. The organization is made up of representatives from 
 different churches and other societies, as follows : 
 
 NAME OF CHURCH CHORCH DELEGATES YOUNG PEOPLE'S DELKGATKS 
 
 Methodist Rev. Clarke Crawford A. B. Stevens. 
 
 I. J. Reynolds, K. W. Wing Dr. E. A. Briggs. 
 
 Congregational Rev. H. W. Lathe Prof. A. L. Hamilton. 
 
 A. K. Nash, Geo. A. Gibbs Benj. Haliu. 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 67 1 
 
 NAME OF CHDRCH. CHURCH DELEGATES. YOUNG PEOPLE'S DELEGATES. 
 
 Baptist Rev. C. T. Douglass Ernest Canfield. 
 
 B. F. Simcoe Geo. N. Sroat. 
 
 Presbyterian Rev. N. H. G. Fife Robert H. Fulton 
 
 Universalist Rev. W. M.Jones ^.P. G. Wooster. 
 
 Rev. E. Iv. Conger, D.D., Mrs. Harriet K. Fay. ..Prof. W. Loree. 
 
 Christian Rev. H. Elliott Ward L. H. Turner. 
 
 R. B. Colcord W. I^. Jone.s. 
 
 Free Methodist Rev. J. S. Phillips, M. C. Sperow. 
 
 Ind. Co?igTegation..R.&v. R. M. Webster, J. B. Corson. 
 
 Friends Rev. Chas. E. Tebbetts Wm. Cox, L. Brown. 
 
 Friends, Orthodox. .Vxoi. I. N. Vail, Tilman Hobson. 
 
 Salvatio7i Army Henry N. Farey . 
 
 Y. M.C. A Dr. Fordyce Grinnell, C. C. Reynolds, Robt. H. Fulton, 
 
 E. Iv. Stevenson. 
 Christian Allia^ice. Dr. J. R. Townsend, Judge C. N. Terry. 
 Chr. Endv. UnionX- H. Turner, Mrs. A. M. Mulford. 
 W. C. T. U. Dr. Ella Whipple-Marsh, Mrs. Hester Griffith, Mrs. 
 
 Ellen Terpenning. 
 
 /. O. G. T. Albert Mercer, Miss Viola Weil. 
 
 Prohibition Chib....]araes Cambell, T. Hobson. 
 
 Of this body of councilors, Tilman Hobson is president, Rev. H. 
 Elliott Ward vice-president, Ernest Canfield secretary. Miss Viola Weil cor- 
 responding secretary, Dr. Ella Whipple-Marsh treasurer. 
 
 To raise funds, it was agreed that each church furnish ten cents per 
 member. This made the apportionment for the M. E. Church about $90. 
 A collection for it was taken up Sunday morning, vSeptember 22, and 
 amounted to $119.50. [Others not furnished, at closing of this report.] 
 
 On page 321 Maj. Horace Bell is reported as saying in a speech at 
 Pasadena that Eos Angeles furnished only two Union soldiers in the war of 
 the rebellion. The Lewis Hist. Eos A. Co., p. 100, says : "A company of 
 volunteers was raised in Eos Angeles, to form a part of the 5,000 ordered 
 from this State." 
 
 On page 353, footnote, I give^ Don Juan Bandini's grandfather as 
 " Captain of Spanish battleship Riena at Trafalgar;" it was his own father, 
 Capt. Jose Bandini, who now lies buried at San Gabriel. [vSee page 55.] 
 
 On page 373: " Brown's Peak." — In July, 1889, a party of young folks 
 camping at Brown's cabin above Eas Casitas started early one morning for 
 a climb to the summit of Brown's peak. They were, Gordon, Mary and 
 Nancy Baker, Carl Raab, Mary Thompson, and Jason Brown. The Baker 
 youngsters were used to such trips, and they rushed on ahead, reaching the 
 top half-a-mile ahead of the other three. Gordon set the lunch pail which 
 he carried down beside a bush, just as Mary noticed some torn up earth 
 and big cow-looking tracks, and exclaimed, ' ' Who in the world is keeping 
 
672 HISTORY OK PASADENA. 
 
 COWS up here?" Their dog " Orover " scented the tracks and went bark- 
 ing through the bushes where they led, but suddenly returned in skulking 
 terror. A crash in the bushes was heard, and a terrific roar that was like 
 an angry hog's grunt and an angry dog's growl mixed and enlarged. Gor- 
 don yelled, "A bear!" grasped his dinner pail and leaped down the steep 
 trail like seven-leagued boots. Mary didn't wait for trail track, but went 
 leaping and sailing over the grease-wood in a most wonderful manner, so 
 that those who saw her from below said she beat the aerial flights on a cir- 
 cus poster all out of sight, and reached the rear party in an incredibly 
 short time. Nancy got a few rods down the trail, but was so amused at 
 Mary's marvelous feats that she had to stop, brace her hands on her hips 
 and just laugh till she couldn't see. Meanwhile the bear, w^hich was a 
 she one with two cubs, hurried her little family awa^^ in the opposite direc- 
 tion. Jason Brown had a hatchet and butcher knife with him, but no gun, 
 and he and his comrades pushed on to the summit ; but the Bakers had 
 seen enough, and took a rest. Jason identified the tracks of the mother 
 bear, who had been digging up the ground for some sort of roots, and the 
 tracks of two cubs; but they didn't get a sight of the animals. After return- 
 ing to camp the girls wrote some humorous poetry entitled "A Trip, by one 
 of the Triplets," in which this adventure was briefly related. All three of 
 those girls have since graduated from the State Normal School, and have 
 made a good record as teachers. 
 
 On page 403 : " Henuiger Flats." — In September the Toll Road Com- 
 pany bought this land from Mr. Allen, and will utilize it to raise vegetables, 
 fruits, flowers, poultry, honey, pork and dairy products for their mountain 
 camp hotels, besides its use as a wildwood park and rural retiracy for guests 
 who prefer it. [See page 365.] 
 
 On page 408 : " West vSan Gabriel canyon." —In 1S91 or '92 two or 
 three hunters camped in the upper part of this canyon. One night a bear 
 was caught by the hind foot in a heavy steel trap which they had set. He 
 gnawed off his own leg and hobbled away on the bleeding stump, leaving 
 his foot in the trap. The hunters soon discovered this in the morning, and 
 following the bear's trail, shot him. They nailed the entrapped foot up on 
 a tree at their camp, and I .saw it there about two years later. From this 
 incident that portion of the West San Gabriel has ever .since been called 
 " Bear Canyon." But there is another place north of Mount I^owe, a large 
 branch of the Arroyo vSeco, which is called "Great Bear Canyon," though 
 for what reason I did not learn. 
 
 On page 453: Mt. lyOwe Railway. — September 30, 1S9S, Prof. Lowe 
 communicated his plans, aims and wishes to the city council, in regard to 
 an electric railroad franchise which he had petitioned for. His purpose was 
 to extend the Rubio trolley section of his mountain railroad direct to Pasa- 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 673 
 
 dena's business center, at once, so that passengers could make the trip 
 between Los Angeles and the mountains inside of ninety minutes, late at 
 night, or early morning, or any hour of day. It was found necessary to 
 have a line of their own, clear down to Pasadena, in order to accommodate 
 and handle satisfactorily the many and varied excursion parties, some of 
 whom want to spend an evening with the telescope, the great search-light, 
 the electric fountains, etc. ; some want to go at short notice for a frolic in 
 the snow ; some want to visit the great mountain cataracts of Thalehaha, 
 lycontine, Grand Canyon and Alpine Falls, when they roar and plunge in 
 all their glory after a rain storm ; some want to witness the wierd scene of 
 the valley and the electric-lighted cities by night, or the strange fog-sea 
 with cities buried under it in early morning, without missing their business 
 hours at Pasadena or lyos Angeles. In fact, the various elements of popu- 
 lar interest at this great mountain resort could not be utilized to the public 
 without a railroad line to Pasadena under the same management and 
 control, for prompt service at short notice, at hours to suit, and with any 
 number of cars needed to seat the compan}-. It was also needful for 
 prompt transportation of supplies, or of construction or repair materials, 
 often required at short notice, or at untimely hours. 
 
 On page 466 : "Crematory." — The first cremation at Mountain View 
 cemetery occurred September 26, 1895, with the body of George A. Cherry. 
 Fire was maintained twenty -six hours, producing a 700-degrees uniform white 
 heat. Body incinerated in two hours and fifteen minutes. Ashes weighed 
 5 lbs. 10 oz. The procedure was managed by W. N. Van Nuys, under in- 
 spection of Drs. Fordyce Grinnell, D. S. Green and A. W. Bickford. 
 
 On page 494 : "Applied Christianity." — July — , 1S95, they organized 
 as "The Independent Congregation of Pasadena," with Rev. R. M. Web- 
 ster as pastor ; and trustees — Dr. Elias Smith, chairman ; Geo. Swerdfiger, 
 M. F. Merritt, treasurer, Mrs. Byron O. Clark, Mrs. Theresa Harrison, Mrs. 
 S. E. Merritt, Miss Alma Stanford, secretary. 
 
 On page 495: W. C. T. U. — Some time in 1882 the Pasadena Union 
 Temperance League was organized, with James Cambell, president ; C. B. 
 Ripley, vice-president; Chas. H. Case, secretary. On December 16, 1882, 
 they gave a literary and musical entertainment in the Presbyterian church, 
 then on California street, the program of which had been printed for them 
 at Maj. J. D. Gilchrist's office in Los Angeles. And it was this society 
 which procured and arranged for Frances Willard's lecture in Williams 
 hall, and provided for her entertainment at Mrs. Bangs's Arroyo Vista house. 
 After the lecture the chairman, Mr. Cambell, at Miss Willard's request, 
 appointed a committee of ladies to meet the next Sunday afternoon in the 
 Presbyterian church and organize a Women's Union. The committee 
 named were: Mrs. Rev. Mosher, Mrs. A. O. Porter, Mrs. Dr. O. H. Con- 
 
 49 
 
674 HISTORY OF PASADENA. 
 
 ger, Mrs. James Smith, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Mrs. O. R. Dougherty, Mrs. Dr. 
 Lord, Mrs. James Cambell, and perhaps others. Most of these women had 
 young- children to look after ; and lived far from the church ; and after 
 attending Sunday school and morning services, did not feel like going again 
 in the afternoon. But Mrs. Dr. Conger went, and had a delightful rest, all 
 free from family cares, and all by herself, in Mrs. Gen. Stoneman's nicely 
 cushioned pew. At the proper time she moved herself adjourned, sine die ; 
 and thus ended Miss Willard's projected \V. C. T. U. 
 
 On page 499 : " V. M. C. A." — Oct. i, 1S95, new officers were elected 
 as follows : C. C. Reynolds, president ; Dr. J. R. Townsend, vice-president ; 
 Robert H. Fulton, secretary. 
 
 On page 519 : " Fortnightly Club." — This society provided free public 
 lectures, mostly by a high order of talent. The most eminent person who 
 has lectured under its auspices was Prof. Joseph LeConte, the world-famed 
 Professor of Geology in our State University, who spoke here in the spring 
 Qf 1893. Its successive presidents have been, Prof. C. H. Keyes, Theodore 
 Coleman, Geo. H. Coffin. But Prof. George Conant has been the execu- 
 tive secretary, and chief manager of its affairs. 
 
 On page 543 : " Micaceous talc." — This is the same kind of rock from 
 which the Indians of the Santa Barbara Islands carved out pots, and other 
 dish and cup utensils, many fine specimens of which may be seen in Dr. 
 Palmer's very complete collection, on free exhibition at the Los Angeles 
 Chamber of Commerce rooms. The material is commonly called "soap- 
 stone," although it is quite different from the soapstone of the eastern states. 
 
 On page 600 : "Rattlesnakes." — On July 30, 1893, old Jason Brown 
 went as guide for a lone tourist lady from the east who wished to make the 
 bridle trip from Echo Mountain to Mt. Lowe. When they reached Crystal 
 Springs cabin, on their return route, the lady sat down at the workmen's 
 camp mess-table to eat her lunch. A rattlesnake crawled out of a hole in 
 the mountain side only six or eight feet from where she sat. As soon as 
 she saw the reptile she jumped and screamed, which scared it, and it com- 
 menced turning to get back into its hole. Jason called to another man who 
 was near to stop the hole quick and not let it get back ; meanwhile he 
 grasped a long-handled shovel, pushed it under the snake and commenced 
 tossing him gently so he could neither coil himself to strike nor crawl to his 
 hole. Jason then called to another man to bring an empty cracker box. 
 This was brought, and he shoveled the snake into it, clapped on the cover, 
 took the box under his arm and marched on down to Echo Mountain. I 
 reached Crystal Springs from an exploring trip with Mr. Cameron just in 
 time to see Jason start off with his rattlesnake under his arm. The lady 
 was delighted with the adventure, and related with much enthusiasm how 
 
DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 675 
 
 the snake was captured. She was assured that that was nothing for old 
 Jason; that he would probably next time bring in a Mountain Lion. This 
 rattlesnake was a fine specimen. It was kept in a cage at Echo Mountain 
 for a month or two ; then Thad. and Sobieski Lowe, and W. H. Brown the 
 electrician at the cable power house, experimented in giving it trial doses of 
 electricity, till they say it tied itself in a double bow-knot and went to rattle- 
 snake heaven. 
 
 Errata : 
 
 Page 191, bottom line : "Nov. 2, 1871 " should be 1891. 
 
 Page 251, 24th line from top : for "superior court," read supreme court. 
 
 Page 66, 25th line : 1852 should be 1853. 
 
 Page 172, 9th hne : Chapter 35 should be 33. 
 
 Page 255, 4th hne: for "pages 243-44," read 248-49. 
 
 Page 368, 19th line : for " Harvard," read Telescope point. 
 
 Page 53f , 3rd line from bottom ; for " 50 or 6(5 lbs.," read 100 lbs. 
 
 Page 600, footnote, 2nd line: for "in August," read July 24. 
 
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