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 Copy 1 
 
 Report ok tiik Committkk Appointed to ^Memorfamze Con- 
 gress AND State Legisi-atlres regarding tub Cultiva- 
 tion of Timuer and the Preservation oe Forests. 
 
 The Special Committee tippointed at the twenty-second meet- 
 ing of this Association, to memorialize Congress an<l State Legis- 
 latures regarding the cultivation of timber and the preservation 
 of forests, would respectfully report: — 
 
 That a bill, identical in its provisions with that prepared by the 
 Sub-committee mentioned in our report at the Hartford meeting, 
 and which had been favorably received by the House Committee 
 upon Public Lands, in the Forty-third Congress, was again intro- 
 duced upon the motion of the Honorable Mark H. Dunnell, of 
 Minnesota, early in the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress, 
 and received the same reference as before. 
 
 The Chairman of j'our Committee now reporting was invited to 
 present its claims before the House Committee upon the Public 
 Lands, and the full time of one of their sessions was spent in 
 considering its provisions. Although several of the members ex- 
 pressed opinions favorable to the subject, the Committee made no 
 report, and in view of the issues then pending, on the eve of a 
 presidential election, it soon became apparent that the occasion 
 would not be favorable for the inauguration of new measures. 
 
 Upon this, an amendment embracing some of the features of 
 the proposed bill was offered by Mr. Dunnell, and through his 
 efforts was incorporated in an ai)propriation bill then pending, 
 under which the Commissioner of Agriculture was directed to 
 appoint a person to prepare a Report which was to be by him 
 transmitted to Congress, — upon ''the amount of comsumption, 
 importation and exportation of timber and otlier forest products — 
 the probable supply for future wants — the means best adapted to 
 the preservation and lenewal of forests — the influence of forests 
 
 (3) 
 
4 
 
 REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE ON 
 
 upon climate — and the measures that have been snceessfiilly ap- 
 plied in various countries for the preservation and restoration of 
 forests." 
 
 The bill embracing this provision became a law on the 15th day 
 of August, 1876 ; and a few days after a commission was granted 
 to Dr. Franklin B. Hough, one of the Committee now reporting, 
 for the execution of this duty. 
 
 No instructions were given, beyond those recited in the act, but 
 in a conversation had with the Hon. Frederick Watts, then Com- 
 missioner of Agriculture, the latter expressed the wish that the 
 researches should be made as thorough and practicable as the 
 means afforded would allow. 
 
 Under this authority, various circulars were addressed to several 
 classes of persons whose business or studies were thought to 
 afford occasion for knowing facts of public interest having refer- 
 ence to Forestry, and the replies received in answer to these 
 evinced a general willingness, on the part of those addressed, to 
 aid in the collection of information of practical value in their 
 several lines of business, or fields of observation. Among the 
 Bubjects of inquiry' were : — the production and use of charcoal for 
 metallurgy, — the use of wood for ties and other purposes, by rail- 
 roads, — the production and consumption of bark and other tanning 
 materials, — the results of tree-planting in the prairie states, — 
 exjieriments in the introduction of species not indigenous, and 
 Btatements of the distribution, relative size, and abundance of 
 native timber trees. 
 
 With respect to the importation and exportation of forest pro- 
 ducts, the Reports upon Commerce and Navigation, which have 
 been published annually since the organization of the present 
 government in 1789, afford all the statistics that we can ever 
 expect to have ; and although changes in the headings of tables 
 (sometimes made unavoidable by changes in the revenue laws), 
 prevent some important commodities from appearing in continuous 
 order through the whole period, these reports nevertheless afford 
 the data for most instructive generalizations. The opportunity 
 was improved to its fullest extent, and tables were carefully pre- 
 pared, not onl}' showing 3'ear by 3'ear the statistics reported, but 
 vaiious summaries by coasts and grand divisions, and by countries 
 and colonies, with the view of ascertaining how these exports 
 were affected by time, the exhaustion of material, or the opening 
 
TIIK ntESKKVATION OF KOUESTS. O 
 
 up of new soinccs of supply, or of new forciuii iniiikcts, ov the 
 chanjiing vicissitudes of liade, and the lUiclutiLing exigencies of 
 supply and dentand. 
 
 In respect to the measures adopteil for the maintenance of sup- 
 plies in foreign countries by tiie cultivation of forests, inquiries 
 were addressed to the Forest Administration of several European 
 governments, and in every instance a courteous and sulJicient 
 reply was received, cither in the way of written statements, or by 
 the sending of documents affording the desired information, or 
 by reference to oilicial rei)orts within reach. 
 
 A circular in the German language was addressed to each of 
 the Schools of Forestry, and Societies of Foresters in the coun- 
 tries where that language is chiefl}' used. These embrace the 
 greater number of these schools and societies that exist. From 
 nearly every one of these replies were received, either as written 
 memoranda, or printed reports, affording the facts desired. 
 
 Early in December last, a Report was presented to the Honorable 
 William G. LeDuc, now Connnissioner of Agriculture, and after 
 due examination it was transmitted by him to the President, and 
 laid before Congress. It was referred in each House to the Com- 
 mittee u[)on Agriculture, the manuscript going first to the House 
 of Kepresentatives. 
 
 The House Committee, after spending several weeks in examin- 
 ing the subject-matter and estimating its extent, and cost of pub- 
 lication, unanimously re[)orted in favor of printing an edition of 
 100,000 copies. Their estimates included the statistical portion, 
 and fixed the size of the volume at 1,100 pages, which included an 
 allowance for numerous graphic illustrations, chiefly relating to 
 the tabular part. 
 
 The Rei)oit then went before the House Committee upon Print- 
 ing, where, from motives of economy, it was decided to omit for 
 the present the statistical tables, and to limit the extent to 650 
 pages. Under this restriction, the edition Avas fixed at 25,000 
 copies, and in this form it passed the Senate Committees, and 
 without further change was ordered for printing. 
 
 The restrictions upon the extent of the volume rendered it nec- 
 essary to omit altogether the articles upon Forest Administrations 
 and upon Forest Associations in P2urope, and to condense other 
 portions which were deemed essential to a satisfactory report. 
 The law under which the appointment was made has not therefore 
 
6 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
 
 been fully complied with, and another Report will be presented at 
 the next session of Congress, in which otlier subjects specified in 
 the statute will receive attention. 
 
 It may be proper upon this occasion to notice some points in 
 reference to the cultivation of forests within the United States, 
 and to compare the conditions existing here with those found in 
 European countries where the greatest attention has been given 
 to this subject. 
 
 The lands devoted to forest culture in Europe may be divided 
 into four classes, according to the tenure of their title : — 
 
 1. Lands owned by the government, including in some conn- 
 tries separate crown-estates, appanages assigned to members of 
 royal families, and lands set apart for certain public uses. 
 
 2. Lands belonging to communes and other local municipalities. 
 
 3. The property' of churches, ecclesiastical establishments, and 
 public institutions. 
 
 4. Private estates. 
 
 Among the first duties of an intelligent government is the pro- 
 tection of its own property against waste, and the maintenance of 
 its value. If it affords supplies needed in the public service, 
 measures should be taken, if possible, for their renewal ; and in 
 proportion as these supplies are essential to the public welfare, or 
 difficult to procure from abroad in time of need, the task becomes 
 one of great responsibility, and a proper subject of timely previ- 
 sion and careful attention. 
 
 Hence in every country in Europe where the government owns 
 forest- lands, S3'stems of management, protection and renewal have 
 been adopted to greater or less extent. These systems vary in 
 different countries ; in some being little more than prohibitions 
 against trespass and waste, while in others the}' include a most 
 careful attention to every circumstance affecting the Avelfare of the 
 growing forest-systems of inspection to insure strict adherence 
 to the plans that ma}' take a century or more to mature, and the 
 most thorough provision for renewal, when this growth shall have 
 been taken off at its full period. 
 
 In respect to the second and third of the classes we have men- 
 tioned, the care bestowed b}' the forest administration varies ac- 
 cording to circumstances ; in some cases amounting to absolute 
 control, and in others to a mere general supervision of the local 
 authorities in charge, and a consent to measures that they may 
 
THE rUESEIlVATION Of FOKESTS. 7 
 
 propose. The woodlands belonging to comnnines and local public 
 bodies are very often burdened witii rights of common nsage, orig- 
 inating in ancient cnstoms or special grants, and more or less 
 embarrassing to the forester. Tiie inhabitants of a connnune may 
 Lave rights of pasturage, or of feeding swine, or of gathering 
 leaves and acorns, or of cutting wood for building purposes or 
 fuel ; and some of these wants viiist be supplied, or great hard- 
 ship will be endured. • 
 
 The management of these common rights renders it necessary 
 to establish rules according to circumstances, and involves sys- 
 tems of regulation that have no interest beyond the jurisdiction 
 where the}' apply. In man}^ cases the government has found it 
 necessary to terminate by purchase, or otherwise, certain common 
 rights that interfere with the future welfare of a forest, such as 
 those of pasturage, or the gathering of leaves, seeds, and fruits. 
 
 As a general rule, the Forest Administration has no concern with 
 private woodlands. To this there are a few exceptions, as, for 
 example, where a belt of forest along a frontier is deemed neces- 
 sary as a means of defense, or along a river liable to inundation, 
 where materials should be at hand for repairing embankments. 
 More recently, the fixing of sand-dunes, the erosion of torrents, 
 the interception of violent winds, or the malarious emanations, 
 and other cases affecting the general interest, or the public health, 
 have come to be regarded as proper subjects of regulation b}' gov- 
 ernment, although the lands ma}^ belong to private owners. 
 
 But with these exceptions the owners of woodlands generally 
 have the right to clear or plant as the}' please, unless forbidden 
 on the ground that a public injury may ensue. The}' may deter- 
 mine the species planted, fix the period of cutting to suit their 
 own interest, and deal with their own as they may think proper, 
 so long as it does not affect the rights of others. 
 
 It has been remarked very generally, and in all countries, that 
 individual proprietors are jealous of interference by public author- 
 ity with the rights that they regard as their own ; and even where 
 advanced ideas in respect to forest management prevail, as in 
 Prussia, it is only within a very recent period that measures have 
 been taken for restricting these rights, upon appeal to the public 
 authorities, where the particular interests of others were con- 
 cerned, and for uniting under one control the management of ad- 
 jacent woodlands belonging to many private owners, although a 
 
8 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
 
 minoritj' in interest might dissent. In fact, the case is scarcely 
 different with woodlands than with cultivated fields bearing annual 
 crops, and it would doubtless prove as difficult to control the 
 planting of private woodlands generally, as it would be to pre- 
 scribe the kind of grain that should be sown in fields, or to regu- 
 late the time of harvest. 
 
 Turning from this view to the conditions that prevail with us, 
 we find but two classes of landed property to consider, in relation 
 to forest cwlture : — 
 
 1. The Public Lands owned by the general government, and in 
 some instances by states. 
 
 2. Private Lands, including those granted to corporations, and 
 managed by their trustees, being as fully under their control as if 
 held b}' individuals. 
 
 With respect to the Public Lands, the most that can be attempted 
 at present, is to establish regulations for the prevention of waste, 
 and perhaps systems of leasing, or of selling timber rights, as in 
 Canada, — the title of the land still remaining with the govern- 
 ment, with a remote and uncertain chance of its escaping fire and 
 waste until another crop of timber shall have grown. Measures 
 tending to ensure reproduction can readily be applied in such 
 cases, and the most approved methods of restoration, as practiced 
 in Europe, may be adopted — the main question to be considered 
 being that of the cost, and the profit of the enterprise. 
 
 It is also clearly within the power of government, in all future 
 sales of timber lands, to annex a requirement, as a condition of 
 the title, that a certain percentage shall forever be kept in wood- 
 land. It may also, in selling prairie land, require that a part shall 
 be planted with timber, and be kept forever devoted to this use. 
 These conditions would be evidentl}'^ as valid as those in which 
 mineral reservations are made and other conditions are imposed. 
 
 As to placing any new restrictions upon lands already' held by 
 private owners, this is wholly impracticable by any i)roceeding 
 short of resumption of title under right of eminent domain, and 
 payment to the owners of the full value. The re-purchase of land 
 and its cultivation by the government as forest, would scarcely 
 find favor with the statesmen of our day. 
 
 Since forest products are bulky, and must necessarily reach the 
 markets by water navigation, or by roads easily guarded, their 
 exportation beyond the limits of a given district can be readily 
 
THE PRESERVATION OF FORESTS. » 
 
 controlled. Against local use and waste, it is most difficult to 
 provide, and Willi a public sentiment favoring this common use, 
 laws, however stringent, can scaroely be enforced. 
 
 As regards private lands, including lands in charge of directors 
 or trustees, the future prospects of forest culture ap[)car to dei)end 
 upon interest alone, and these owners will manage their estates as 
 they find it to their present advantage or future profit. It is rea- 
 sonable to suppose that the}' will be quite as jealous of this right 
 as they have shown themselves to be in countries where less per- 
 sonal freedom is enjoyed, and that the time is very remote in 
 which any public authority may dictate when a given field shall be 
 planted with timber trees, or when it shall be cleared. Fortunately 
 we are whollv free from the embarrassment arising from rifj^hts of 
 common usage that have so grievously tried the patience of Eu- 
 ropean foresters, as the title of our private lands is absolutely 
 vested in the owners. 
 
 We regard the time as near, when the question of planting for 
 profit will ver}^ generally engage the attention of the owners of land, 
 not onl}' in the prairie regions, where the want of timber is among 
 the first that is felt, but also in the older portions of the country, 
 where the supply of woodlands was formerly in excess, and where 
 habits of improvidence and waste must be discontinued, and 
 methods of economy and prudent forethought must be learned. 
 
 The discussions that have been had in Agricultural and Horti- 
 cultural societies, and through the public press, have done some- 
 thing, and should hereafter do much more, towards bringing this 
 subject prominently into notice. In the State of Minnesota a 
 State Forestry Association has been incorporated b}' law, and 
 means have been placed at its disposal for stimulating competition 
 b}'' way of premiums, — not forgetting in this to excite emulation 
 among the children of the public schools, and rivahy between 
 counties, in the work of forest tree planting, and the formation of 
 avenues of shade trees along the highways. 
 
 In many villages in Connecticut and other eastern states. Vil- 
 lage Improvement Associations have been formed, in some of 
 which the benefits sought are not limited to the material adorn- 
 ment of their localities, but to certain other means of intellectual 
 culture and social refinement, which tend so much to add enjo}'- 
 ment to life, and to elevate and improve the condition of society 
 generally. 
 
10 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
 
 The tendency of increasing prices in any class of commodities 
 naturally leads to inquiries into the means by which the supply 
 may be enlarged, and cannot fail to impress the important truth 
 that seasonable provision should be made against coming wants. 
 When this fact comes to be generally realized, we cannot but hope 
 that the owners of land will see it to their interest to provide 
 against future wants by timely investment in sylviculture, sufficient 
 at least for their own use, and that incorporated companies will 
 find in this an inviting field for investment for market-supply. 
 
 In this work of promoting forest-culture, something may doubt- 
 less be done by State governments, but rather in the way of inci- 
 dental encouragement than by direct control. They can offer 
 premiums to be dispensed by agricultural and other societies ; 
 they can exempt planted woodlands from taxation, or from in- 
 creased assessment on account of forest growth, and they can 
 enact laws for protecting woodlands against careless fires and 
 other avoidable injuries ; they can require and regulate the plant- 
 ing of trees along the highways, and in places where the public 
 interest demands ; they can provide for some instruction upon 
 the principles and methods of sylviculture, to be taught in the 
 public schools, and can aid the higher institutions of" the state 
 in a more thorough course of instruction in this department of 
 applied science ; they can establish experimental stations, and 
 encourage or direct inquiries tending to the discovery and dissem- 
 ination of knowledge of practical value, and they can provide 
 general laws for the formation of companies for planting and im- 
 proving waste lands by forest culture. 
 
 In respect to Forestry as taught in special schools in Europe, 
 we have to remark, that while everything relating to methods and 
 -management,— the influences that favor or retard the growth of 
 trees, or that aff-ect the quality of their wood,— and every means 
 by which labor can be lightened, or profits increased, has immcr 
 diate value to us. We have little to learn from their forest juris- 
 prudence, their codes, or methods of administration, because their 
 laws and circumstances are altogether different from ours. 
 
 At present we could give no employment to a class of men 
 having the qualifications of those that graduate at the first-class 
 Forest academies. We need a more general practical knowledge 
 among the greater number, rather than the higher special training 
 of a few. 
 
THE PKKSERVATION OF FOUESTS. H 
 
 Tlie experience of schools of F'orestry in Europe is not witliont 
 interest to us, and we should avail ourselves of the lesson which 
 it teaches without goin<; through 'the process of proving. 
 
 In most cases these institutions are under the control of Govern- 
 ment, and are intended to qualify candidates for the State Forest 
 Service, in which, when once admitted after thorough iustruotion 
 and due probation, they are sure of employment through life, with 
 provision for support when their working days are over. In some 
 cases, schools of lower grade are maintained by associations of 
 land-proprietors for the litting of young men as foresters upon 
 private estates, and as[)irants for this employment can generally 
 gain admission to the government schools. In all of these insti- 
 tutions practical labor in the nursery and the forest, frequent ex- 
 cursions under the guidance of the professors, and occasional 
 journeys for more varied and general observation, form a regular 
 and necessary part of the course, and tend in eminent deo-iee to 
 qualify the student for the practical application of the precepts of 
 his lectures, and the lessons of the class-room. 
 
 These schools may be divided into three classes : — 
 
 1. Separate schools of Forestry, distinct from those givinfy 
 other instruction, as at Neustadt-P:bers\valde and at Miinden in 
 Prussia, and at Nancy in France. 
 
 2. Schools of Agriculture and Forestry, as at Ilohenheim in 
 Wurtemberg, and at the Imperial High School of Agriculture and 
 F'orestry at Vienna. 
 
 3. Separate departments of Forestry in Universities and Poly- 
 technic institutions, as at the Polytechnic School at Zurich, and 
 the Forest-Institute in the University of Giessen. 
 
 The tendency in P^urope is apparently towaixls the abandonment 
 of the first of these in favor of the second or third. Tims re- 
 cently the Forest Academy at Mariabrunn, near Vienna, has been 
 merged in the new institution we have just named in the Capital, 
 and that at Aschaffenl)arg in Bavaria is being incorporated with 
 the University of Munich. It is claimed by the advocates of this 
 consolidation, that several of the branches of instruction required 
 in the course upon Forestry, such as mathematics, chemistry, 
 natural history, climatology, drawing, surveying, etc., are amply 
 provided for in the University; that better laboratories, museums, 
 and libraries, can be maintained and be made more widely useful 
 in the larger institutions, and that the student while foUowiuir bis 
 
12 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
 
 special course, cannot fail of gaining a broader view of science by 
 contact with what is going on around him, than he could if his 
 horizon was bounded by the precincts of an isolated forest acad- 
 emy. Moreover, the students in other branches of the University 
 would get some knowledge of Forestry from what might come 
 under their notice in that department, and the wider acquaintance 
 thus formed would prove advantageous to all classes. A small 
 number of special professors would be sufficient to equip any ex- 
 isting University for this service, and a large saving would be 
 realized in the general result. 
 
 No school of Forestry has yet been established in Great Bri- 
 tian. The government has hitherto arranged for sending to the 
 schools in France or Germany such young men as aspire to em- 
 ployment in the India service, but the measure has been strongly 
 urged of adding to one or more of the existing universities the 
 facilities needed for securing this instruction at home. The Rev. 
 John Croumbie Brown, of Haddington, Scotland, has been particu- 
 larly active in calling public attention to this important measure. 
 We have, in our own country, the means for carrying this idea, as 
 it may be adapted to our wants, into happy effect. Besides our 
 colleges and universities, there is in every state of the Union a 
 separate institution, or a department in one previously existing, 
 in which, through the bounty of Congress, provision has been 
 made for instruction in Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts ; and 
 upon these should naturally devolve the task of giving such a 
 course of practical instruction in sylviculture as may prove most 
 useful to the country and best adapted to our national wants. 
 
 There is not a college in the country in which a few practical 
 lectures upon the importance of tree-culture, and some of the 
 principles that should govern in the selection of kinds and their 
 care and cultivation could not be given with advantage before the 
 graduating class. The young men going out from these institu- 
 tions become in greater or less degree centres of influence, and if 
 impressed with the importance of the subject, they might in many 
 ways promote the diffusion of correct ideas among those with 
 whom they might come to dwell. 
 
 It cannot be doubted but that the American farmer learns much 
 from example. His ideas of domestic architecture, of improved 
 methods of cultivation, of the value of new implements of hus- 
 bandry, or in any departure from the routine of former ways, are 
 
THE PRESERVATION OF FORESTS. 13 
 
 largely derived from what he sees in successful application around 
 him. A good example becomes a model for his imilation, an<l in 
 this way a neatly planted avenue of trees along the highway, or a 
 thrifty and well kei)t grove, may often suggest the honelits that 
 he can also enjoy, and so the example is re[)eated, to the manifest 
 profit of the owner, and to tiie general good. 
 
 Your couiiniltee has not hitherto attempted to memorialize the 
 State governments upon the subject with which it is charged, 
 deeming it as first desirable to collect information upon tiie exist- 
 ing legislation of the several states, and to gather the results of 
 experience as affording suggestions worthy of attention. The 
 existing laws for the eucoiiraucment of tiee-culture in the different 
 states are i)resented in lidl in the Congiessional Report above al- 
 luded to (pages 200 to 213), and excei)ting those relating merely 
 to the planting of trees by the roadside, or to the protection of 
 trees planted for ornament, they may be briefly stated as follows : 
 • In Illiiiois, the Board of Supervisors, or Court of County Com- 
 missioners in any county, may otter a bounty of ten dollars per 
 annum for three years for every acre planted with forest trees. 
 They are not to be set more than ten feet apart, and must be kept 
 properly cultivated. 
 
 In Iowa, the sum of one hundred dollars per annum is ex- 
 empted from taxation for ten years, for every acre of forest trees 
 planted and cultivated, the trees being not over eight feet apart. 
 The Board of Supervisors may increase the exemption to 500 dol- 
 lars per acre, except for state taxes. 
 
 In Maine, cleared land, if planted with forest trees, is exempted 
 from taxation for tvvent}' years, the trees being set not less than 
 2,000 to the acre, and kept in thriving condition. 
 
 In Minnesota, a bount}- of two dollars per acre is offered for ten 
 y^ears for planting forest trees (excepting the black locust) on 
 prairie land, the total sum in one year not exceeding twenty thou- 
 sand dollars in the state. 
 
 In Missoti7-i, a like bountj- is offered for fifteen years, the allow- 
 ance to begin three years after [)lanting, and the grove being kept in 
 growing condition, certificates and proofs being renewed annually. 
 
 In Nevada, a state bounty of ten dollars per acre for twent}' 
 years is offered for planting done within ten years after the pas- 
 sage of the act (of 1877), the payments commencing two years 
 after planting. 
 
14 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PRESERVATION OP FORESTS. 
 
 In Wisconsin, every land owner having five acres or more of 
 land, who shall reserve from the natural growth, or who shall 
 plant, not over a fifth part of the area in tree-belts, is exempted 
 from taxation on lands thus occupied, until the trees become 
 twelve feet high, and after tliat he is to have a premium of two 
 dollars per annum per acre. The position and width of the belts, 
 kinds of timber allowed, etc., are prescribed in the act. 
 
 In Kansas and Nebraska, after an experience in the offering of 
 bounties and exemption from taxation, the laws for this object 
 have been repealed. We are not informed as to the reasons that 
 led to the repeal in Kansas, but in Nebraska a revised constitution 
 forbade all exemptions of private property from taxation, and thus 
 rendered the previous law a nullit}'. It is, however, understood 
 that opportunities for evasion and fradulent claims were too often 
 afforded, and it was believed by some that the benefits of arbori- 
 culture were so manifest that they did not need the stimulus of a 
 reward. 
 
 There are various questions affecting the interests of sylvicul- 
 ture that come within the province of state legislation, and upon 
 which uniformity is desirable. These will be duly considered by 
 the Committee, and when agreed upon will be submitted as their 
 recommendation to State Legislatures. 
 
 Trusting that its proceedings thus far will meet the approval of 
 
 the Association, the Committee respectfully asks for a continuance 
 
 of its powers for the further prosecution of the labors with which 
 
 it has been charged. 
 
 Franklin B. Hough, 
 
 For the Committee. 
 
From the Procealingi of the AmrHrnn A,»oHation for the Advancement oj Science; 
 
 St. Louis Meeting, Augtft, 1878. 
 
 REPORT' 
 
 UPON 
 
 FOEESTEY. 
 
 From the Committee appointed to memorialize Congress and tub Statb i 
 
 Legislatures, regarding the Cultivation ok Timuer and the 1 
 
 Preservation of Forests. 
 
 / 
 
 By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, 
 
 Chairman of the Committee. 
 
 SALEM: 
 
 PRINTED AT THE SALEU PRESS. 
 
 1878. 
 
 "IT 
 
002 821 
 
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