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i^x^^ LODGE'S *ROSALYNDE' 
 BEING THE ORIGINAL 
 OF SHAKESPEARE'S *AS 
 YOU LIKE IT' EDITED 
 BY W. W. GREG, M.A. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 DUFFIELD & COMPANY 
 
 LONDON: CHATTO & WINDUS 
 
 1907 
 
 !*v 
 

 25 Ap '09 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 LODGE'S <Rosalynde ' has shared the fate of all books 
 which have been the occasion of achievements greater 
 than themselves. While its name has lived, along with those 
 of a number of other works of more or less ephemeral 
 interest and more or less secondary merit, as having supplied 
 material for the consummate art of Shakespeare, little attention 
 has ever been bestowed upon it for its own sake, and its own 
 individual merits have been cast into the shade by the glory 
 of its offspring. It has been treated merely as a source, as a 
 thing of no value in itself; the interest it has aroused has been 
 antiquarian rather than literary. Thus one class of Shake- 
 spearian editors dismiss it, along with other works in the same 
 position, with some such facile remark as that Shakespeare's 
 genius is nowhere more clearly seen than in the comparison 
 of his work with his so-called sources ; while others have 
 patronized it with such injudicious praise as to commend its 
 * natural force and simplicity.' But such phrases have long ago 
 returned upon the heads of those that coined them. Shake- 
 speare's genius stands in no need of exaltation at the expense 
 of those of his predecessors and contemporaries whose work 
 he made his own, while nothing can be more grossly unfair than 
 
X INTRODUCTION 
 
 to subject such a work as ' Rosalynde ' to a comparison with 
 such a one as * As you Like it,' merely because Shakespeare's 
 insight saw in the earlier work possibilities to which his less 
 gifted editors have usually been blind. Had it not been for 
 the fact of Lodge's novel having furnished the dramatist with 
 the outline — and a good deal more than the outline — of one of 
 his most delightful comedies, its name would doubtless have 
 figured less in the text books of English literature, but there 
 would have been more chance of its receiving a genuinely 
 critical appreciation. Since, however, the fact remains that 
 upon * Rosalynde ' Shakespeare did found ' As you Like it,' 
 the comparison of the two, not from the judicial but from 
 the truly critical standpoint, becomes a matter of first-rate 
 literary importance. It is, however, a point belonging 
 primarily to the criticism of Shakespeare and not of Lodge, 
 and though it will be necessary to treat it at some length in 
 the present introduction, it will first be necessary to consider 
 the place occupied in the history of literature by ' Rosalynde ' 
 itself, and the position it holds among its peers in the 
 development of the English novel. 
 
 Pastoral Romance. The genus to which ' Rosalynde ' 
 may most conveniently be referred, the pastoral romance, is 
 one of respectable antiquity. The earliest example of which 
 we have knowledge is the famous * Daphnis and Chloe,' a 
 late Greek composition of the third century probably, by 
 an author of the name of Longus. This work became 
 popular in the sixteenth century in the French translation by 
 
INTRODUCTION xi 
 
 Jacques Amyot, of which an English version by Angel Day 
 appeared in 1587. It was, however, destined to remain 
 in a somewhat solitary position and to exercise little influ- 
 ence upon the pastoral romance of later days. The work 
 belonged to the school of so-called erotic romances, the majority 
 of which were in no wise particularly pastoral. Moreover, 
 though later writers appear to have been in many cases familiar 
 with the work of Longus, and to have freely borrowed ideas 
 and incidents, it was not from it that they received the impulse 
 to pastoral creation, and neither continuity of tradition nor 
 conscious discipleship connects the Greek romancier with his 
 Italian successors. Longus himself appears to have been 
 indebted to Theocritus for his pastoral inspiration and to 
 have reproduced on Lesbian pastures the shepherd life of 
 Sicily, and it is to Theocritus that we must return in seeking 
 to trace out the history of pastoral tradition. The poetry of 
 the Greek idylist, but feebly re-echoed in his immediate suc- 
 cessors, rose once more to the first rank in literature, though 
 under altered conditions and its character greatly changed, 
 in the hands of Vergil. It was the form imposed on the 
 tradition by the Roman poet that came to be venerated as 
 classical in later ages, and the tradition left by him flowered 
 once again in the first dawn of renaissance humanism. Petrarch 
 composed Latin eclogues, and Boccaccio was proud to 
 claim him as his master. Scarcely less important for the 
 future of pastoralism than the tradition of the Vergilian 
 eclogue, were the mythological legends such as supplied the 
 
xii INTRODUCTION 
 
 subject of Ovid's * Metamorphoses.' As the new enthusiasm 
 began to stir within the shell of medieval monasticism the 
 woods and springs repeopled themselves with the awakened 
 deities of earth, roguish fauns peered from amid the tangle of 
 the copse, and the nymphs bathed once more in the freshness 
 of the streams. While Petrarch was directing the lash of the 
 allegorical eclogue against the licence of the papal court 
 at Avignon, Boccaccio was compiling, in his * Genealogia 
 Deorum,' the first mythological dictionary. And it was from 
 the admixture of these two related elements, pastoral and 
 mythological, that there sprang the forerunner of the pastoral 
 romance which flourished throughout the sixteenth century. 
 This herald was Boccaccio's * Ameto,' a medley of tales 
 of a pastoral or mythological character in which the idyllic 
 mode is attuned to a key of voluptuous languor, and in which 
 the surcharged style aflPects us like the scent of hothouse lilies. 
 The work has its interest to the student of Boccaccio and of 
 Italian style, but for us its importance lies in the fact that it 
 undoubtedly suggested to Sannazaro the form of his famous 
 * Arcadia' (1504). It was this work that really initiated 
 that ideal pastoral which exercised for centuries such a 
 strange fascination over the minds of men, and, with more 
 or less admixture of various kinds, added a new genre to all 
 the principal literatures of Europe. The * Arcadia ' is itself 
 purely pastoral, the characters, however polished and refined, 
 are genuine shepherd folk ; in no case does their pastoral 
 guise cover the courtier or the priest, and there is no chivalric 
 
INTRODUCTION xiii 
 
 admixture. This latter was an addition which the original 
 style received in Spain, where the kind was largely followed and 
 developed, the most important example being Montemayor's 
 
 * Diana ' and its continuations. As a development of the 
 Spanish chivalric pastoral appeared later on the fashionable 
 pastoral of France, as exemplified in D'Urfe's * Astree/ It 
 was to Spain likewise that Sidney was indebted in the com- 
 position of the elaborate romance, which, however, he named 
 after the original work of Sannazaro. 
 
 The first incomplete text of Sidney's < Arcadia ' appeared 
 in 1 590, the same year as * Rosalynde.' Lodge may, of course, 
 have seen the work, which circulated to some extent at least 
 in manuscript, but the supposition is not forced upon us. Any 
 general resemblance in the style of composition which exists, 
 may be explained on the supposition of the author being 
 acquainted with Montemayor's work, since he must almost 
 certainly, one would think, have known Spanish. More- 
 over, the romance of adventure cast in a pastoral setting was by 
 no means a novelty in literature. In English alone Greene's 
 
 * Menaphon ' had appeared the year before * Rosalynde,' 
 while Lodge himself had made previous attempts in a some- 
 what similar line. The connection in style of Lodge's 
 work with t^iat of his friend Greene is far closer than with 
 that of Sidney. In style and manner it is, of course, also 
 connected with the work of Lyly, and through him may 
 claim literary descent from another branch of Spanish 
 literature. In this connection, however, it should be noted 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION 
 
 that Lodge's * Rosalynde * presents no rustic characters 
 corresponding to the Menaphon and Camilla of Greene, the 
 Miso and Mopsa of Sidney — William and Audrey being 
 among Shakespeare's additions to the cast. Lodge's debt 
 to Lyly, however, or perhaps rather his desire to catch a 
 little of the reflected glory of that writer's success, appears 
 in the alternative title he adopted for his novel, * Euphues' 
 Golden Legacy.' 
 
 In considering the position occupied by * Rosalynde ' 
 among works of the same class and of the same date it must 
 be borne in mind that it has none of the historical importance 
 attaching to * Euphues,' nor does it enjoy any of the fortuitous 
 advantages which make the appearance of Sidney's * Arcadia ' 
 a landmark in English literature. This makes it difficult to 
 estimate its real merit as compared with such orks, though 
 it may not be too bold to assert that it may claim to be far 
 more entertaining than the first and far more complete and 
 artistically balanced than the second. Such comparisons, 
 however, are essentially uncritical and really beg the question ; 
 if we are content to leave such works of extrinsic importance 
 out of count, * Rosalynde ' has little to fear from a com- 
 parison with its peers. Certainly, as against such works as 
 * Menaphon' and *Dorastus and Fawnia,' Lodge's novel can 
 well hold its own. The standard of comparison may not be a 
 high one — neither *Rosalynde' nor *Menaphon' belongs to great 
 literature — but in its own particular style and within the limits 
 of its kind the romance of Arden falls not far short of complete 
 
INTRODUCTION xv 
 
 success. One must, however, be in the right mood to 
 appreciate it. This, of course, is true of all literature and of 
 all art generally, but it is a consideration of more than usual 
 importance in such a case as this, in which the art has no 
 force wherewith to compel the emotions, no power itself 
 to create in the reader the right mood for its own enjoyment. 
 No expectation of realism or of reality, no demand for 
 powerful emotions or lofty idealism, must be allowed to 
 interfere with the purely receptive state of mind. The reader 
 must be prepared to accept the conventional sentiment, the 
 stilted triviality, the prettiness and the pettiness of the style, 
 with the same half-humorous seriousness with which the author 
 wrote. For in spite of these characteristics, in spite of his 
 proneness to the false school-rhetoric of the renaissance, there 
 is a twitch about the corners of the author's mouth as he pens 
 even his most solemn passages, and now and again he must 
 needs laugh out for the mere fun of living, in defiance of every 
 rule of courtly etiquette. 
 
 Thomas Lodge. The author of * Rosalynde ' was 
 born about the year 1558. He came of a civic family of 
 repute in London, his father. Sir Thomas Lodge, of the 
 Grocers' Company, having filled the office of Lord Mayor in 
 1 562-3, and his mother being the daughter of Sir William 
 Laxton who had held the same dignity in 1544-5. He 
 received his early education at Merchant Taylors' School 
 and went to Oxford about 1573 as servitor of Edward 
 Hoby, son of the translator of the * Courtier,' then a 
 
 b 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION 
 
 gentleman commoner at Trinity College. Lodge matricu- 
 lated at the same college, became B.A. in 1577 and suppli- 
 cated for the degree of M.A. in 1581, having been in the 
 meanwhile admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1578. In London 
 he became intimate with Robert Greene, and soon found litera- 
 ture a more congenial occupation than the study of the law. 
 He resolved to indulge his tastes in this direction, thereby 
 incurring the loss of a certain legacy. The earliest literary 
 effort of which we find any trace was an epitaph on his 
 mother which was entered in December 1579, but of which 
 nothing further is known. Early in 1 580 appeared his first ex- 
 tant work, a * Defence of Stage- Plays ' in answer to Stephen 
 Gosson's * School of Abuse.' License was apparently refused, 
 but the book circulated privately. Gosson replied to it in 
 his * Plays confuted in Five Actions ' of 1582, and Lodge 
 made a final retort in 1584 in a book called *An Alarum 
 against Usurers,' a work which may have been founded on 
 his personal experience. Of his private affairs we know 
 little, but he left a will dated 1583, from which we learn 
 that he was already married at that date. At one time he 
 had some connection with the stage. His play, * The 
 Wounds of Civil War,' printed in 1594, may have been pro- 
 duced in 1587. He also collaborated with Greene in * A 
 Looking-glass for London and England,' acted in 1592 
 and printed in 1594. All other dramatic attributions are 
 hypothetical and of a very uncertain character. The romance 
 and not the drama was to be Lodge's particular field. As 
 
INTRODUCTION xvii 
 
 early as 1581 he revised by request Barnabe Rich's euphu- 
 istic romance entitled * The Adventures of Don Simonides ' ; 
 while his earliest original attempt, entitled * The Delectable 
 History of Forbonius and Prisceria,' was published together 
 with the * Alarum' in 1584. For a while he appears to 
 have followed the profession of arms, and about 1588 sailed to 
 the islands of Terceira and the Canaries with one Captain 
 Clarke. It was during this voyage that he wrote * Rosa- 
 lynde,' which was published in 1 590. His first volume of 
 verse, a mythological tale entitled < Scilla*s Metamorphosis,' 
 had appeared in 1589, and an historical romance on * Robert, 
 Duke of Normandy,' was published early in 1 59 1 . In August 
 the same year he sailed with Cavendish for South America, 
 and visited Brazil and the Straits of Magellan. During his 
 absence Greene gave his friend's * Euphues' Shadow ' to the 
 press (1592) and after his return appeared his collection 
 of sonnets entitled ' Phillis ' (1593). Other romances fol- 
 lowed during the next three years, one of which, * Margaret 
 of America,' purports to have been written in the Straits 
 of Magellan, and also some satires in verse under the title 
 of *A Fig for Momus.' A religious tract, * Prosopo- 
 poeia,' published in 1596, is Catholic in tone, and Lodge is 
 known to have joined the Roman communion in middle life. 
 He turned his attention to medicine, and according to Wood 
 graduated at Avignon in 1600. He was incorporated M.D. 
 at Oxford, October 25, 1602. The following year he pub- 
 lished * A treatise of the Plague.' With this exception the 
 
xviii INTRODUCTION 
 
 last twenty-five years of his life were occupied with laborious 
 work on Josephus, Seneca and Du Bartas. He died in 
 1625. 
 
 Sources of * Rosalynde ' and its relation to * As 
 
 you Like it.' In writing * Rosalynde ' Lodge undoubtedly 
 made use of the Middle English tale of Gamelyn, a poem 
 interesting in more ways than one. It is a composition of 
 the middle of the fourteenth century probably, and has come 
 down to us in several manuscripts of Chaucer's * Canterbury 
 Tales.' In spite of this fact it is undoubtedly not by Chaucer, 
 but may have been among his materials, and it has been not 
 improbably conjectured that it was intended to be worked up 
 into the Yeoman's tale. As the poem was not included in 
 any of the black-letter editions of Chaucer, Lodge must have 
 become acquainted with it in manuscript. This source supplied 
 Lodge with the story of Sir John of Bordeaux and his three 
 sons, the adventure of the hero in the wrestling at court, and 
 his escape into the forest, where he joins a band of oudaws. 
 The rest of the story, and even much of the detail of the 
 earlier part, bears no resemblance to Lodge's work, nor is 
 there any mention of a woman in the whole poem till we come 
 ' to within a few lines of the end, where we are informed that 
 Gamelyn * wedded a wife both good and fair.' It is there- 
 fore but a very" partial source of * Rosalynde.' Whether 
 Lodge had any other original is not known. It has been 
 conjectured that the more important portion of the story is 
 based on some Italian novel, but as yet none such has been 
 
INTRODUCTION xix 
 
 discovered. Nor is the suggestion on the whole very likely. 
 It is much more probable that a writer starting with the tale 
 of the outlawed youth should expand and complete it by the 
 invention of its counterpart in which the protagonist should 
 be a princess, than that he should accidentally come across and 
 piece together two such closely related tales, Rosalynde 
 and Alinda, the banished duke and his usurping brother, the 
 proud Phoebe and lovesick Montanus, may be in all likeli- 
 hood set down to the invention of the romancier and the 
 inspiration of the Canaries. Of course it is perfectly possible 
 that certain incidents may have been borrowed from, and 
 certain characters suggested by, earlier works. The plot of 
 the novel as we have it has points of resemblance with the 
 tale of Havelok ; the proud shepherdess and lovelorn swain 
 and the girl in page's attire were already traditional. But for 
 those fundamental outlines of the story which enabled it to 
 be woven into a harmonious whole with the Middle English 
 tale, Lodge must almost of necessity have been responsible. 
 
 While Lodge was indebted to earlier work for a com- 
 paratively insignificant portion only of his plot, we have in 
 * Rosalynde ' practically the perfect outline and groundwork 
 of ' As you Like it.' The story in itself as we know it, 
 apart from its dramatic presentation, is the work of Lodge. 
 There are, of course, points of difference in plot and dis- 
 similarity in the characters between the romance and the 
 drama, but as regards the formal skeleton, so to speak, they 
 are of comparative unimportance. They will be obvious to any 
 
XX INTRODUCTION 
 
 one who, with a recollection of Shakespeare's work, will 
 read the present novel. Some of the changes may be traced 
 to the difference between the modes of presentation, narrative 
 and dramatic, others to the dramatist's artistic tact. There is 
 difference again in the style, for the romance is strongly 
 euphuistic in tone and mannered in expression, of which 
 hardly a touch remains in the play. It is true that some of 
 the lyrical passages of the latter remind us by their conscious 
 artificiality of Lodge's less inspired attempts, but this is 
 intentional and deliberately calculated to attract attention by 
 contrast with the rest of the composition. It is also true 
 that, in his songs, Lodge repeatedly led off with a burst 
 of melody and vigorous execution. Had the description 
 of Rosalynde (p. 70) for instance fulfilled the promise of 
 the first two lines, it would have been one of the most 
 gorgeous poems in the language. He even now and again 
 achieved a sustained success, though he seldom produced 
 such wholly delightful verses as Rosalynde's madrigal (p. 27). 
 Shakespeare, on the other hand, commanded with the care- 
 less ease of a master every stop upon the pipe of song, and could 
 from each draw forth its perfect and proper melody. Again, 
 while leaving the plot unaffected, Shakespeare made some 
 not unimportant additions to the dramatis personae. Besides 
 certain minor characters, we owe to him Jaques, Touchstone, 
 William and Audrey. That much of the delight of the 
 play depends upon the first two, although neither sustains 
 any essential part in the piece, may be freely allowed. The 
 
INTRODUCTION xxi 
 
 introduction of the last two appears to have been the result of 
 a deliberate plan. It would seem as if, by placing side by 
 side the masquerading court pastoralism of the main plot, the 
 refined Arcadian tradition to which we owe Phoebe and 
 Sylvius, and the boorish if sympathetic rusticity of his addition 
 to the cast, Shakespeare intended to bring the whole graceful 
 figment to the touchstone of reality and hint at the instability 
 of the ideal and convention of which he nevertheless made 
 use. That he should do this while investing it with all the 
 seduction of his most consummate art is in perfect keeping 
 with the character of his genius. He could afford to do so, 
 for he never treated the convention under which he worked, 
 or which he chose to adopt, with that distressing seriousness 
 into which pastoral writers in particular were constantly liable 
 to fall. With him the form is more or less a matter of in- 
 difference, the value of his characters depends, not upon the 
 conventional type to which they happen to belong, but upon 
 their underlying humanity. In Lodge it is true that we 
 occasionally, as it were, surprise a character breaking through 
 the shell of its conventional artificiality with a touch of 
 genuine humour or common human nature, but it is in 
 Shakespeare alone that under whatever form they may appear 
 the characters are always and for ever fellow human beings 
 with ourselves. All those formal differences between the 
 romance of * Rosalynde ' and * As you Like it ' noticed above, 
 and a great deal more, less susceptible of precise statement but 
 not therefore less important, is included in the general state- 
 
xxii INTRODUCTION 
 
 ment that the differences between the two are such as must 
 of necessity exist between the work of Shakespeare in the 
 full maturity of his genius and that of any respectable scribbler 
 such as Lodge. And this brings me back to the point with 
 which I started, the futile injustice, namely, of basing any 
 judicial criticism upon a comparison of the two. * Rosalynde ' 
 belongs to one sphere of literature, *As you Like it* to 
 another, in spite of the fact that a study of both may be 
 necessary to the just understanding of either, and of the 
 conditions under which they were alike produced. A cot- 
 tage may be none the less delightful for not being a castle, 
 even though the historian may point out the architectural 
 connection between them. 
 
 Text. On Oct. 6, 1590, * Rosalynde ' was entered on 
 the Stationers* Register to Nicholas Ling and John Busby. 
 The two earliest editions were published by the latter in 
 1590 and 1592 respectively. Of the earlier of these the 
 only known copy, unluckily wanting one sheet, is in private 
 hands ; of the later two copies are among Malone*s books 
 at the Bodleian and a third again in a private library. Later 
 editions appeared in 1598, 1604, 1609, 161 2, 1614, 1623-4, 
 1634 and 1642. 
 
 In the present reprint the spelling has been modernized — 
 s(N?eprehensible practice — except in the case of a few words 
 which I could not bring myself to sacrifice. The general 
 system of punctuation and paragraphing has also been com- 
 
INTRODUCTION xxiii 
 
 pletely modified, and an attempt has been made to give the 
 work the benefit of such adventitious aids to style as typo- 
 graphy can supply, aids which are sadly lacking in the old 
 editions. If in doing so I have ever misinterpreted my 
 author's meaning, which is possible, I must crave forgiveness 
 of his ghost. The reader will, I think, find the change 
 tend to his convenience. In the notes I have recorded the 
 variations of reading between the two earliest editions. For 
 those of the quarto of 1592 I have had the opportunity of 
 consulting the copies at Oxford ; for those of the quarto of 
 1590 I have relied on the apparently very accurate reprint 
 issued by the Hunterian Club of Glasgow in 1878. The 
 glossary will explain a few unusual words and serve as an 
 index to the allusions. As an appendix has also been added 
 Mr. Stone's study of the relation of * As you Like it ' to 
 * Rosalynde,' originally published in the Transactions of the 
 New Shakspere Society. 
 
Rofalynde. 
 Euphues golden le 
 
 gacie; found after his death 
 
 in his Cell at Si- 
 
 lexedra. 
 
 Bequeathed to Philautus fonnes 
 
 nourfed vp with their 
 
 father in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Fetcht from the Canaries. 
 By T. L. Gent. 
 
 [Orwin's device with the motto : ' By Wisdome 
 Peace, By Peace Plenty,'] 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Imprinted by Thomas Orwin for T. G. 
 
 and yohn Busbk. 
 
 1590. 
 
To the Right Honourable and his most esteemed 
 Lord the Lord of Hunsdon, Lord Cham- 
 berlain to her Majesty's Household, and 
 Governor of her Town of Berwick : 
 T. L. G. wisheth increase of all honour- 
 able virtues. 
 
 Such Romans, right honourable, as delighted in martial 
 exploits, attempted their actions in the honour of Augustus, 
 because he was a patron of soldiers : and Vergil dignified 
 him with his poems, as a Maecenas of scholars ; both jointly 
 advancing his royalty, as a prince warlike and learned. Such 
 as sacrifice to Pallas present her with bays as she is wise, 
 and with armour as she is valiant ; observing herein that 
 excellent to Trpeirov, which dedicateth honours according to the 
 perfection of the person. When I entered, right honourable, 
 with a deep insight into the consideration of these premises, 
 seeing your Lordship to be a patron of all martial men, and 
 a Maecenas of such as apply themselves to study, wearing 
 with Pallas both the lance and the bay, and aiming with 
 Augustus at the favour of all, by the honourable virtues of 
 your mind, being myself first a student, and after falling from 
 books to arms, even vowed in all my thoughts dutifully to 
 xxvi 
 
THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY xxvii 
 
 affect your Lordship. Having with Captain Clarke made 
 a voyage to the island of Terceras and the Canaries, to 
 beguile the time with labour I writ this book ; rough, as 
 hatched in the storms of the ocean, and feathered in the 
 surges of many perilous seas. But as it is the work of a 
 soldier and a scholar, I presumed to shroud it under your 
 Honour's patronage, as one that is the fautor and favourer of all 
 virtuous actions ; and whose honourable loves, grown from 
 the general applause of the whole commonwealth for your 
 higher deserts, may keep it from the malice of every bitter 
 tongue. Other reasons more particular, right honourable, 
 challenge in me a special affection to your Lordship, as 
 being a scholar with your two noble sons. Master Edmund 
 Carew, and Master Robert Carew, two scions worthy of so 
 honourable a tree, and a tree glorious in such honourable 
 fruit, as also being scholar in the university under that 
 learned and virtuous knight Sir Edward Hoby, when he 
 was Bachelor in Arts, a man as well lettered as well born, 
 and, after the etymology of his name, soaring as high as the 
 wings of knowledge can mount him, happy every way, and 
 the more fortunate, as blessed in the honour of so virtuous a 
 lady. Thus, right honourable, the duty that I owe to the 
 sons, chargeth me that all my affection be placed on the 
 father ; for where the branches are so precious, the tree of 
 force must be most excellent. Commanded and emboldened 
 thus with the consideration of these forepassed reasons, to 
 present my book to your Lordship, I humbly entreat your 
 
xxviii THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY 
 
 Honour will vouch of my labours, and favour a soldier's and 
 a scholar's pen with your gracious acceptance, who answers 
 in affection what he wants in eloquence ; so devoted to 
 your honour, as his only desire is, to end his life under the 
 favour of so martial and learned a patron. 
 
 Resting thus in hope of your Lordship's courtesy in 
 deigning the patronage of my work, I cease, wishing you as 
 many honourable fortunes as your Lordship can desire or I 
 imagine. 
 
 Your Honour's soldier 
 
 humbly affectionate : 
 
 Thomas Lodge. 
 
TO THE GENTLEMEN READERS 
 
 Gentlemen, look not here to find any sprigs of Pallas' 
 bay tree, nor to hear the humour of any amorous laureate, 
 nor the pleasing vein of any eloquent orator: Nolo ahum 
 sapere^ they be matters above my capacity : the cobbler's 
 check shall never light on my head, Ne sutor ultra crep'i- 
 dam ; I will go no further than the latchet, and then all is 
 well. Here you may perhaps find some leaves of Venus' 
 myrtle, but hewn down by a soldier with his curtal-axe, not 
 bought with the allurement of a filed tongue. To be brief, 
 gentlemen, room for a soldier and a sailor, that gives you 
 the fruits of his labours that he wrote in the ocean, when 
 every line was wet with a surge, and every humorous passion 
 counterchecked with a storm. If you like it, so ; and yet I 
 will be yours in duty, if you be mine in favour. But it 
 Momus or any squint-eyed ass, that hath mighty ears to con- 
 ceive with Midas, and yet little reason to judge, if he come 
 aboard our bark to find fault with the tackling, when he 
 knows not the shrouds, I'll down into the hold, and fetch 
 out a rusty pole-axe, that saw no sun this seven year, and 
 either well baste him, or heave the cockscomb overboard 
 to feed cods. But courteous gentlemen, that favour most, 
 backbite none, and pardon what is overslipped, let such come 
 and welcome ; I'll into the steward's room, and fetch them 
 a can of our best beverage. Well, gentlemen, you have 
 Euphues' Legacy. I fetched it as far as the island of 
 Terceras, and therefore read it : censure with favour, and 
 farewell Yours, T. L. 
 
 xxix 
 
The Schedule annexed to Euphues' testament, the 
 tenor of his legacy, the token of his love 
 
 The vehemency of my sickness, Philautus, hath made 
 me doubtful of life, yet must I die in counselling thee like 
 Socrates, because I love thee. Thou hast sons by Camilla, 
 as I hear, who being young in years have green thoughts, 
 and nobly born have great minds : bend them in their youth 
 like the willow, lest thou bewail them in their age for their 
 wilfulness. I have bequeathed them a golden legacy, because 
 I greatly love thee. Let them read it as Archelaus did 
 Cassender, to profit by it ; and in reading let them meditate, 
 for I have approved it the best method. They shall find 
 Love anatomized by Euphues with as lively colours as in 
 Apelles' table: roses to whip him when he is wanton, 
 reasons to withstand him when he is wily. Here may 
 they read that virtue is the king of labours, opinion the 
 mistress of fools ; that unity is the pride of nature, and con- 
 tention the overthrow of families : here is elleborus, bitter 
 in taste, but beneficial in trial. I have nothing to send thee 
 and Camilla but this counsel, that instead of worldly goods 
 you leave your sons virtue and glory ; for better were they to 
 be partakers of your honours than lords of your manors. 
 I feel death that summoneth me to my grave, and my soul 
 desirous of his God. Farewell, Philautus, and let the 
 tenor of my counsel be applied to thy children's comfort. 
 
 Euphues dying to live. 
 If any man find this scroll, send it to Philautus in England. 
 
ROSALYNDE 
 
 THERE dwelled adjoining to the city of Bordeaux a 
 knight of most honourable parentage, whom fortune 
 had graced with many favours, and nature honoured with 
 sundry exquisite qualities, so beautified with the excellence 
 of both, as it was a question whether fortune or nature 
 were more prodigal in deciphering the riches of their 
 bounties. Wise he was, as holding in his head a supreme 
 conceit of policy, reaching with Nestor into the depth of all 
 civil government ; and to make his wisdom more gracious, 
 he had that salem ingenii and pleasant eloquence that was so 
 highly commended in Ulysses : his valour was no less than 
 his wit, nor the stroke of his lance no less forcible than 
 the sweetness of his tongue was persuasive ; for he was for 
 his courage chosen the principal of all the Knights of Malta. 
 This hardy knight, thus enriched with virtue and honour, 
 surnamed Sir John of Bordeaux, having passed the prime of 
 his youth in sundry battles against the Turks, at last, as the 
 date of time hath his course, grew aged. His hairs were 
 silver-hued, and the map of age was figured on his forehead : 
 honour sat in the furrows of his face, and many years were 
 
2 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 portrayed in his wrinkled lineaments, that all men might 
 perceive his glass was run, and that nature of necessity 
 challenged her due. Sir John, that with the Phoenix knew 
 the term of his life was now expired, and could, with the 
 swan, discover his end by her songs, having three sons by 
 his wife Lynida, the very pride of all his forepassed years, 
 thought now, seeing death by constraint would compel hin: 
 to leave them, to bestow upon them such a legacy as might 
 bewray his love, and increase their ensuing amity. Calling, 
 therefore, these young gentlemen before him, in the presence 
 of all his fellow Knights of Malta, he resolved to leave them 
 a memorial of all his fatherly care in setting down a method 
 of their brotherly duties. Having, therefore, death in his 
 looks to move them to pity, and tears in his eyes to paint 
 out the depth of his passions, taking his eldest son by the 
 hand, he began thus : 
 
 * O my sons, you see that fate hath set a period of my 
 years, and destinies have determined the final end of my 
 Sir John of ^^Y^ ' the palm tree waxeth away-ward, for 
 Bordeaux' j^g stoopeth in his height, and my plumes are 
 gave to his full of sick fcathers touched with age. I must 
 """'•'• to my grave that dischargeth all cares, and leave 
 
 you to the world that increascth many sorrows : my silver 
 hairs containeth great experience, and in the number of 
 my years are penned down the subtleties of fortune. 
 Therefore, as I leave you some fading pelf to countercheck 
 poverty, so I will bequeath you infallible precepts that shall 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 3 
 
 lead you unto virtue. First, therefore, unto thee Saladyne, 
 the eldest, and therefore the chiefest pillar of my house, 
 wherein should be engraven as well the excellence of thy 
 father's qualities, as the essential form of his proportion, 
 to thee I give fourteen ploughlands, with all my manor 
 houses and richest plate. Next, unto Fernandyne I bequeath 
 twelve ploughlands. But, unto Rosader, the youngest, I give 
 my horse, my armour, and my lance, with sixteen plough- 
 lands ; for if the inward thoughts be discovered by outward 
 shadows, Rosader will exceed you all in bounty and honour. 
 Thus, my sons, have I parted in your portions the substance 
 of my wealth, wherein if you be as prodigal to spend as I 
 have been careful to get, your friends will grieve to see you 
 more wasteful than I was bountiful, and your foes smile that 
 my fall did begin in your excess. Let mine honour be the 
 glass of your actions, and the fame of my virtues the lode- 
 star to direct the course of your pilgrimage. Aim your 
 deeds by my honourable endeavours, and show yourselves 
 scions worthy of so flourishing a tree, lest, as the birds 
 Halcyones, which exceed in whiteness, I hatch young ones 
 that surpass in blackness. Climb not, my sons : aspiring 
 pride is a vapour that ascendeth high, but soon turneth to 
 a smoke ; they which stare at the stars stumble upon 
 stones, and such as gaze at the sun, unless they be eagle- 
 eyed, fall blind. Soar not with the hobby, lest you fall 
 with the lark, nor attempt not with Phaeton, lest you 
 drown with Icarus. Fortune, when she wills you to fly, 
 
4 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 tempers your plumes with wax ; and therefore either sit 
 still and make no wing, or else beware the sun, and 
 hold Daedalus' axiom authentical, medium tenere tutissimum. 
 Low shrubs have deep roots, and poor cottages great 
 patience. Fortune looks ever upward, and envy aspireth to 
 nestle with dignity. Take heed, my sons, the mean is 
 sweetest melody ; where strings high stretched, either soon 
 crack, or quickly grow out of tune. Let your country's 
 care be your heart's content, and think that you are not 
 born for yourselves, but to level your thoughts to be loyal to 
 your prince, careful for the common weal, and faithful to your 
 friends ; so shall France say, " These men are as excellent 
 in virtues as they be exquisite in features." O my sons, a 
 friend is a precious jewel, within whose bosom you may 
 unload your sorrows and unfold your secrets, and he either 
 will relieve with counsel, or persuade with reason; but 
 take heed in the choice : the outward show makes not the 
 inward man, nor are the dimples in the face the calendars of 
 truth. When the liquorice leaf looketh most dry, then it 
 is most wet : when the shores of Lepanthus are most quiet, 
 then they forepoint a storm. The Baaran leaf the more 
 fair it looks, the more infectious it is, and in the sweetest 
 words is oft hid the most treachery. Therefore, my sons, 
 choose a friend as the Hyperborei do the metals, sever them 
 from the ore with fire, and let them not bide the stamp before 
 they be current : so try and then trust, let time be touch- 
 stone of friendship, and then friends faithful lay them up for 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 5 
 
 jewels. Be valiant, my sons, for cowardice is the enemy to 
 honour ; but not too rash, for that is an extreme. Fortitude 
 is the mean, and that is limited within bonds, and prescribed 
 with circumstance. But above all,' and with that he fetched 
 a deep sigh, < beware of love, for it is far more perilous 
 than pleasant, and yet, I tell you, it allureth as ill as the 
 Sirens. O my sons, fancy is a fickle thing, and beauty's 
 paintings are tricked up with time's colours, which, being set 
 to dry in the sun_, perish with the same. Venus is a wanton, 
 and though her laws pretend liberty, yet there is nothing but 
 loss and glistering misery. Cupid's wings are plumed with 
 the feathers of vanity, and his arrows, where they pierce, 
 enforce nothing but deadly desires : a woman's eye, as it is 
 precious to behold, so is it prejudicial to gaze upon ; for as it 
 afFordeth delight, so it snareth unto death. Trust not their 
 fawning favours, for their loves are like the breath of a man 
 upon steel, which no sooner lighteth on but it leapeth off, 
 and their passions are as momentary as the colours of a 
 polype, which changeth at the sight of every object. My 
 breath waxeth short, and mine eyes dim : the hour is come, 
 and I must away ; therefore let this suffice : women are 
 wantons, and yet men cannot want one : and therefore, if you 
 love, choose her that hath eyes of adamant, that will turn 
 only to one point ; her heart of a diamond, that will receive 
 but one form ; her tongue of a Sethin leaf, that never wags 
 but with a south-east wind : and yet, my sons, if she have all 
 these qualities, to be chaste, obedient, and silent, yet for that 
 
ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 she is a woman, shalt thou find in her sufficient vanities to 
 countervail her virtues. Oh now, my sons, even now take 
 these my last words as my latest legacy, for my thread is 
 spun, and my foot is in the grave. Keep my precepts as 
 memorials of your father's counsels, and let them be lodged 
 in the secret of your hearts ; for wisdom is better than wealth, 
 and a golden sentence worth a world of treasure. In my fall 
 see and mark, my sons, the folly of man, that being dust 
 climbeth with Biares to reach at the heavens, and ready every 
 minute to die, yet hopeth for an age of pleasures. Oh, man's 
 life is Hke lightning that is but a flash, and the longest date of 
 his years but as a bavin's blaze. Seeing then man is so mortal, 
 be careful that thy life be virtuous, that thy death may be 
 full of admirable honours : so shalt thou challenge fame to be 
 thy fautor, and put oblivion to exile with thine honourable 
 actions. But, my sons, lest you should forget your father's 
 axioms, take this scroll, wherein read what your father 
 dying wills you to execute living.' At this he shrunk 
 down in his bed, and gave up the ghost. 
 
 John of Bordeaux being thus dead was greatly lamented 
 of his sons, and bewailed of his friends, especially of his 
 fellow Knights of Malta, who attended on his funerals, which 
 were performed with great solemnity. His obsequies done, 
 Saladyne caused, next his epitaph, the contents of the scroll 
 to be portrayed out, which were to this effect : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 The Contents of the Schedule which Sir John of 
 Bordeaux gave to his Sons 
 
 My sons, behold what portion I do give : 
 
 I leave you goods, but they are quickly lost ; 
 
 I leave advice, to school you how to live ; 
 I leave you wit, but won with little cost ; 
 
 But keep it well, for counsel still is one, 
 
 When father, friends, and worldly goods are gone. 
 
 In choice of thrift let honour be thy gain, 
 
 Win it by virtue and by manly might ; 
 la doing good esteem thy toil no pain ; 
 
 Protect the fatherless and widow's right: 
 Fight for thy faith, thy country, and thy king, 
 For why? this thrift will prove a blessed thing. 
 
 In choice of wife, prefer the modest-chaste ; 
 
 Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell : 
 The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced ; 
 
 Then choose thy wife by wit and living well. 
 Who brings thee wealth and many faults withal, 
 Presents thee honey mixed with bitter gall. 
 
 In choice of friends, beware of light belief; 
 
 A painted tongue may shroud a subtle heart ; 
 The Siren's tears do threaten mickle grief; 
 
 Foresee, my sons, for fear of sudden smart : 
 Choose in thy wants, and he that friends thee then. 
 When richer grown, befriend thou him agen. 
 
 Learn with the ant in summer to provide ; 
 
 Drive with the bee the drone from out thy hive : 
 Build like the swallow in the summer tide ; 
 
 Spare not too much, my sons, but sparing thrive: 
 
8 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Be poor in folly, rich in all but sin : 
 So by thy death thy glory shall begin. 
 
 Saladyne having thus set up the schedule, and hanged about 
 his father's hearse many passionate poems, that France might 
 suppose him to be passing sorrowful, he clad himself and 
 his brothers all in black, and in such sable suits discoursed 
 his grief: but as the hyena when she moiirns is then most 
 guileful, so Saladyne under this show of grief shadowed a 
 heart full of contented thoughts. The tiger, though he 
 hide his claws, will at last discover his rapine : the lion's looks 
 are not the maps of his meaning, nor a man's physnomy is 
 not the display of his secrets. Fire cannot be hid in the straw, 
 nor the nature of man so concealed, but at last it will have 
 his course : nurture and art may do much, but that natura 
 naturans, which by propagation is ingrafted in the heart, will 
 be at last perforce predominant according to the old verse ; 
 
 Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. 
 
 So fared it with Saladyne, for after a month's mourning was 
 passed, he fell to consideration of his father's testament ; how 
 he had bequeathed more to his younger brothers than him- 
 self, that Rosader was his father's darling, but now under 
 his tuition, that as yet they were not come to years, and he 
 being their guardian, might, if not defraud them of their due, 
 yet make such havoc of their legacies and lands, as they 
 should be a great deal the lighter : whereupon he began thus 
 to meditate with himself: 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 9 
 
 * Saladyne, how art thou disquieted in thy thoughts, and 
 perplexed with a world of restless passions, having thy mind 
 troubled with the tenor of thy father's testament, ^^^^j ^^,^ 
 and thy heart fired with the hope of present meditation 
 preferment ! By the one thou art counselled to "^'^^ ^'""''^-f' 
 content thee with thy fortunes, by the other persuaded to 
 aspire to higher wealth. Riches, Saladyne, is a great royalty, 
 and there is no sweeter physic than store. Avicen, like a 
 fool, forgot in his Aphorisms to say that gold was the most 
 precious restorative, and that treasure was the most excel- 
 lent medicine of the mind. O Saladyne, what, were thy 
 father's precepts breathed into the wind ? hast thou so soon 
 forgotten his principles ? did he not warn thee from coveting 
 without honour, and climbing without virtue? did he not forbid 
 thee to aim at any action that should not be honourable ? 
 and what will be more prejudicial to thy credit, than the 
 careless ruin of thy brothers' welfare ? why, shouldst not 
 thou be the pillar of thy brothers' prosperity ? and wilt thou 
 become the subversion of their fortunes ? is there any sweeter 
 thing than concord, or a more precious jewel than amity ? 
 are you not sons of one father, scions of one tree, birds of 
 one nest, and wilt thou become so unnatural as to rob 
 them, whom thou shouldst relieve ? No, Saladyne, entreat 
 them with favours, and entertain them with love, so shalt 
 thou have thy conscience clear and thy renown excellent. 
 Tush, what words are these, base fool, far unfit, if thou 
 be wise, for thy humour ? What though thy father at his 
 
10 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 death talked of many frivolous matters, as one that doated for 
 age and raved in his sickness ; shall his words be axioms, and 
 his talk be so authentical, that thou wilt, to observe them, 
 prejudice thyself? No no, Saladyne, sick men's wills that 
 are parole and have neither hand nor seal, are like the 
 laws of a city written in dust, which are broken with the 
 blast of every wind. What, man, thy father is dead, and 
 he can neither help thy fortunes, nor measure thy actions ; 
 therefore bury his words with his carcase, and be wise for 
 thyself What, 'tis not so old as true, 
 
 Non sapit, qui sibi non sapit. 
 
 Thy brother is young, keep him now in awe ; make him 
 not checkmate with thyself, for 
 
 Nimla familiaritas contemptum parit. 
 
 Let him know little, so shall he not be able to execute 
 much : suppress his wits with a base estate, and though he be 
 a gentleman by nature, yet form him anew, and make him a 
 peasant by nurture : so shalt thou keep him as a slave, and 
 reign thyself sole lord over all thy father's possessions. 
 As for Fernandync, thy middle brother, he is a scholar and 
 hath no mind bat on Aristotle : let him read on Galen 
 while thou riflest with gold, and pore on his book till thou 
 dost purchase lands : wit is great wealth ; if he have learning 
 it is enough : and so let all rest.' 
 
 In this humour was Saladyne, making his brother Rosader 
 his foot-boy, for the space of two or three years, keeping 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY it 
 
 him in such servile subjection, as if he had been the son 
 of any country vassal. The young gentleman bore all with 
 patience, till on a day, walking in the garden by himself, he 
 began to consider how he was the son of John of Bor- 
 deaux, a knight renowmed for many victories, and a gentle- 
 man famosed for his virtues ; how, contrary to the testament 
 of his father, he was not only kept from his land and en- 
 treated as a servant, but smothered in such secret slavery, as 
 he might not attain to any honourable actions. 
 
 * Ah,' quoth he to himself, nature working these effectual 
 passions, *why should I, that am a gentleman born, pass 
 my time in such unnatural drudgery ? were it not better 
 either in Paris to become a scholar, or in the court a courtier, 
 or in the field a soldier, than to live a foot-boy to my own 
 brother ? Nature hath lent me wit to conceive, but my brother 
 denied me art to contemplate : I have strength to perform 
 any honourable exploit, but no liberty to accomplish my 
 virtuous endeavours : those good parts that God hath bestowed 
 upon me, the envy of my brother doth smother in obscurity ; 
 the harder is my fortune, and the more his frowardness.' 
 
 With that casting up his hand he felt hair on his face, 
 and perceiving his beard to bud, for choler he began to 
 blush, and swore to himself he would be no more subject to 
 such slavery. As thus he was ruminating of his melancholy 
 passions in came Saladyne with his men, and seeing his 
 brother in a brown study, and to forget his wonted reverence, 
 thought to shake him out of his dumps thus : 
 
12 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * Sirrah,' quoth he, * what is your heart on your halfpenny, 
 or are you saying a dirge for your father's soul ? What, is 
 my dinner ready ? ' 
 
 At this question Rosader, turning his head askance, and 
 bending his brows as if anger there had ploughed the 
 furrows of her wrath, with his eyes full of fire, he made 
 this reply : 
 
 * Dost thou ask me, Saladyne, for thy cates ? ask some of 
 thy churls who are fit for such an office : I am thine equal 
 by nature, though not by birth, and though thou hast more 
 cards in the bunch, I have as many trumps in my hands as 
 thyself. Let me question with thee, why thou hast felled 
 my woods, spoiled my manor houses, and made havoc of 
 such utensils as my father bequeathed unto me ? I tell thee, 
 Saladyne, either answer me as a brother, or I will trouble 
 thee as an enemy.' 
 
 At this reply of Rosader's Saladyne smiled as laughing 
 at his presumption, and frowned as checking his folly : he 
 therefore took him up thus shortly : 
 
 * What, sirrah ! well I see early pricks the tree that will 
 prove a thorn : hath my familiar conversing with you made 
 you coy, or my good looks drawn you to be thus con- 
 temptuous ? I can quickly remedy such a fault, and I will 
 bend the tree while it is a wand. In faith, sir boy, I have 
 a snaffle for such a headstrong colt. You, sirs, lay hold on 
 him and bind him, and then I will give him a cooling card 
 for his choler.' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 13 
 
 This made Rosader half mad, that stepping to a great 
 rake that stood in the garden, he laid such load upon his 
 brother's men that he hurt some of them, and made the rest 
 of them run away. Saladyne, seeing Rosader so resolute 
 and with his resolution so valiant, thought his heels his best 
 safety, and took him to a loft adjoining to the garden, 
 whither Rosader pursued him hotly. Saladyne, afraid of his 
 brother's fury, cried out to him thus : 
 
 * Rosader, be not so rash : I am thy brother and thine 
 elder, and if I have done thee wrong I'll make thee amends : 
 revenge not anger in blood, for so shalt thou stain the 
 virtue of old Sir John of Bordeaux. Say wherein thou art 
 discontent and thou shalt be satisfied. Brothers' frowns 
 ought not to be periods of wrath ; what, man, look not so 
 sourly ; I know we shall be friends, and better friends than 
 we have been, for, Amantium ira amorts redintegrat'to est.* 
 
 These words appeased the choler of Rosader, for he was 
 of a mild and courteous nature, so that he laid down his 
 weapons, and upon the faith of a gentleman assured his 
 brother he would offer him no prejudice : whereupon Saladyne 
 came down, and after a little parley they embraced each 
 other and became friends ; and Saladyne promising Rosader 
 the restitution of all his lands, * and what favour else,' quoth 
 he, *any ways my ability or the nature of a brother may 
 perform.' Upon these sugared reconciliations they went into 
 the house arm in arm together, to the great content of all 
 the old servants of Sir John of Bordeaux. 
 
14 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Thus continued the pad hidden in the straw, till it 
 chanced that Torismond, king of France, had appointed 
 for his pleasure a day of wrastling and of tournament to busy 
 his commons' heads, lest, being idle, their thoughts should 
 run upon more serious matters, and call to remembrance 
 their old banished king. A champion there was to stand 
 against all comers, a Norman, a man of tall stature and of 
 great strength ; so valiant, that in many such conflicts he 
 always bare away the victory, not only overthrowing them 
 which he encountered, but often with the weight of his body 
 killing them outright. Saladyne hearing of this, thinking now 
 not to let the ball fall to the ground, but to take oppor- 
 tunity by the forehead, first by secret means convented with 
 the Norman, and procured him with rich rewards to swear 
 that if Rosader came within his claws he should never 
 more return to quarrel with Saladyne for his possessions. 
 The Norman desirous of pelf — as Quis nisi mentis inops ohlatum 
 respuit aurum P — taking great gifts for little gods, took the 
 crowns of Saladyne to perform the stratagem. 
 
 Having thus the champion tied to his villainous determin- 
 ation by oath, he prosecuted the intent of his purpose thus. 
 He went to young Rosader, who in all his thoughts reached 
 at honour, and gazed no lower than virtue commanded him, 
 and began to tell him of this tournament and wrastling, how 
 the king should be there, and all the chief peers of France, 
 with all the beautiful damosels of the country. 
 
 * Now, brother,' quoth he, * for the honour of Sir John 
 
EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 15 
 
 of Bordeaux, our renowmed father, to famous that house 
 that never hath been found without men approved in 
 chivalry, show thy resolution to be peremptory. For 
 myself thou knowest, though I am eldest by birth, yet 
 never having attempted any deeds of arms, I am youngest 
 to perform any martial exploits, knowing better how to 
 survey my lands than to charge my lance : my brother 
 Fernandyne he is at Paris poring on a few papers, having 
 more insight into sophistry and principles of philosophy, 
 than any warlike endeavours ; but thou, Rosader, the 
 youngest in years but the eldest in valour, art a man of 
 strength, and darest do what honour allows thee. Take 
 thou my father's lance, his sword, and his horse, and hie 
 thee to the tournament, and either there valiantly crack a 
 spear, or try with the Norman for the palm of activity/ 
 
 The words of Saladyne were but spurs to a free horse, 
 for he had scarce uttered them, ere Rosader took him in 
 his arms, taking his proJer so kindly, that he promised in 
 what he might to requite his courtesy. The next morrow 
 was the day of the tournament, and Rosader was so desirous 
 to show his heroical thoughts that he passed the night with 
 little sleep ; but as soon as Phoebus had vailed the curtain of 
 the night, and made Aurora blush with giving her the bezo les 
 lahres in her silver couch, he gat him up, and taking his leave 
 of his brother, mounted himself towards the place appointed, 
 thinking every mile ten leagues till he came there. 
 
 But leaving him so desirous of the journey, to Torismond, 
 
i6 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 the king of France, who having by force banished Gerismond, 
 their lawful king, that lived as an outlaw in the forest of 
 Arden, sought now by all means to keep the French busied 
 with all sports that might breed their content. Amongst the 
 rest he had appointed this solemn tournament, whereunto he 
 in most solemn manner resorted, accompanied with the twelve 
 peers of France, who, rather for fear than love, graced him 
 with the show of their dutiful favours. To feed their eyes, 
 and to make the beholders pleased with the sight of most rare 
 and glistering objects, he had appointed his own daughter 
 Alinda to be there, and the fair Rosalynde, daughter unto 
 Gerismond, with all the beautiful damosels that were famous 
 for their features in all France. Thus in that place did 
 love and war triumph in a sympathy ; for such as were 
 martial might use their lance to be renowmed for the ex- 
 cellence of their chivalry, and such as were amorous might 
 glut themselves with gazing on the beauties of most heavenly 
 creatures. As every man's eye had his several survey, and 
 fancy was partial in their looks, yet all in general applauded 
 the admirable riches that nature bestowed on the face of 
 Rosalynde ; for upon her cheeks there seemed a battle 
 between the Graces, who should bestow most favours to 
 make her excellent. The blush that gloried Luna, when 
 she kissed the shepherd on the hills of Latmos, was not 
 tainted with such a pleasant dye as the vermilion flourished 
 on the silver hue of Rosalynde's countenance : her eyes 
 were like those lamps that make the wealthy covert of the 
 
EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 17 
 
 heavens more gorgeous, sparkling favour and disdain, 
 courteous and yet coy, as if in them Venus had placed 
 all her amorets, and Diana all her chastity. The trammels 
 of her hair, folded in a caul of gold, so far surpassed 
 the burnished glister of the metal, as the sun doth the 
 meanest star in brightness : the tresses that folds in the 
 brows of Apollo were not half so rich to the sight, for 
 in her hairs it seemed love had laid herself in ambush, to 
 entrap the proudest eye that durst gaze upon their excellence. 
 What should I need to decipher her particular beauties, 
 when by the censure of all she was the paragon of all earthly 
 perfection ? This Rosalynde sat, I say, with Alinda as a 
 beholder of these sports, and made the cavaliers crack their 
 lances with more courage : many deeds of knighthood that 
 day were performed, and many prizes were given according 
 to their several deserts. 
 
 At last, when the tournament ceased, the wrastling 
 began, and the Norman presented himself as a challenger 
 against all comers, but he looked like Hercules when he 
 advanced himself against Achelous, so that the fury of his 
 countenance amazed all that durst attempt to encounter with 
 him in any deed of activity : till at last a lusty franklin of 
 the country came with two tall men that were his sons, of 
 good lineaments and comely personage. The eldest of these 
 doing his obeisance to the king entered the list, and pre- 
 sented himself to the Norman, who straight coped with him, 
 and as a man that would triumph in the glory of his strength, 
 
 c 
 
i8 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 roused himself with such fury, that not only he gave him 
 the fall, but killed him with the weight of his corpulent 
 personage: which the younger brother seeing, leaped presently 
 into the place, and thirsty after the revenge, assailed the 
 Norman with such valour, that at the first encounter he 
 brought him to his knees ; which repulsed so the Norman, 
 that, recovering himself, fear of disgrace doubling his 
 strength, he stepped so sternly to the young franklin, that 
 taking him up in his arms he threw him against the ground 
 so violently, that he broke his neck, and so ended his 
 days with his brother. At this unlooked for massacre 
 the people murmured, and were all in a deep passion of 
 pity ; but the franklin, father unto these, never changed 
 his countenance, but as a man of a courageous resolution 
 took up the bodies of his sons without show of outward 
 discontent. 
 
 All this while stood Rosader and saw this tragedy ; who, 
 noting the undoubted virtue of the franklin's mind, alighted 
 off from his horse, and presently sate down on the grass, 
 and commanded his boy to pull off his boots, making him 
 ready to try the strength of this champion. Being furnished 
 as he would, he clapped the franklin on the shoulder and said 
 thus : 
 
 * Bold yeoman, whose sons have ended the term of their 
 years with honour, for that I see thou scornest fortune 
 with patience, and thwartest the injury of fate with content 
 in brooking the death of thy sons, stand awhile, and either 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 19 
 
 see me make a third in their tragedy, or else revenge their fall 
 with an honourable triumph.' 
 
 The franklin, seeing so goodly a gentleman to give him 
 such courteous comfort, gave him hearty thanks, with promise 
 to pray for his happy success. With that Rosader vailed 
 bonnet to the king, and lightly leaped within the lists, where 
 noting more the company than the combatant, he cast his eye 
 upon the troop of ladies that glistered there like the stars 
 of heaven ; but at last. Love, willing to make him as amorous 
 as he was valiant, presented him with the sight of Rosalynde, 
 whose admirable beauty so inveigled the eye of Rosader, 
 that forgetting himself, he stood and fed his looks on the 
 favour of Rosalynde's face ; which she perceiving blushed, 
 which was such a doubling of her beauteous excellence, 
 that the bashful red of Aurora at the sight of unacquainted 
 Phaeton, was not half so glorious. 
 
 The Norman seeing this young gentleman fettered in the 
 looks of the ladies drave him out of his memento with a 
 shake by the shoulder. Rosader looking back with an angry 
 frown, as if he had been wakened from some pleasant 
 dream, discovered to all by the fury of his countenance 
 that he was a man of some high thoughts : but when they 
 all noted his youth and the sweetness of his visage, with a 
 general applause of favours, they grieved that so goodly a 
 young man should venture in so base an action ; but seeing 
 it were to his dishonour to hinder him from his enterprise, 
 they wished him to be graced with the palm of victory. 
 
20 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 After Rosader was thus called out of his memento by the Nor- 
 man, he roughly clapped to him with so fierce an encounter, 
 that they both fell to the ground, and with the violence of the 
 fall were forced to breathe ; in which space the Norman called 
 to mind by all tokens, that this was he whom Saladyne had 
 appointed him to kill ; which conjecture made him stretch 
 every limb, and try every sinew, that working his death he 
 might recover the gold which so bountifully was promised 
 him. On the contrary part, Rosader while he breathed 
 was not idle, but still cast his eye upon Rosalynde, who to 
 encourage him with a favour, lent him such an amorous look, 
 as might have made the most coward desperate : which 
 glance of Rosalynde so fired the passionate desires of Rosader, 
 that turning to the Norman he ran upon him and braved 
 him with a strong encounter. The Norman received him as 
 valiantly, that there was a sore combat, hard to judge on 
 whose side fortune would be prodigal. At last Rosader, 
 calling to mind the beauty of his new mistress, the fame of 
 his father's honours, and the disgrace that should fall to his 
 house by his misfortune, roused himself and threw the 
 Norman against the ground, falling upon his chest with so 
 willing a weight, that the Norman yielded nature her due, 
 and Rosader the victory. 
 
 The death of this champion, as it highly contented the 
 franklin, as a man satisfied with revenge, so it drew the 
 king and all the peers into a great admiration, that so young 
 years and so beautiful a personage should contain such 
 
EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 21 
 
 martial excellence ; but when they knew him to be the 
 youngest son of Sir John of Bordeaux, the king rose from 
 his seat and embraced him, and the peers entreated him 
 with all favourable courtesy, commending both his valour 
 and his virtues, wishing him to go forward in such haughty 
 deeds, that he might attain to the glory of his father's 
 honourable fortunes. 
 
 As the king and lords graced him with embracing, so the 
 ladies favoured him with their looks, especially Rosalynde, 
 whom the beauty and valour of Rosader had already 
 touched ; but she accounted love a toy, and fancy a momen- 
 tary passion, that as it was taken in with a gaze, might be 
 shaken off with a wink, and therefore feared not to dally 
 in the flame ; and to make Rosader know she afl^ected him, 
 took from her neck a jewel, and sent it by a page to the 
 young gentleman. The prize that Venus gave to Paris was 
 not half so pleasing to the Troyan as this gem was to 
 Rosader ; for if fortune had sworn to make him sole 
 monarch of the world, he would rather have refused such 
 dignity, than have lost the jewel sent him by Rosalynde. To 
 return her with the like he was unfurnished, and yet that he 
 might more than in his looks discover his affection, he stepped 
 into a tent, and taking pen and paper wrote this fancy : 
 
 Two suns at once from one fair heaven there shined, 
 Ten branches from two boughs, tipped all with roses, 
 
 Pure locks more golden than is gold refined, 
 Two pearled rows that nature's pride encloses ; 
 
22 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Two mounts fair marble-white, down-soft and dainty, 
 A snow-dyed orb, where love increased by pleasure 
 
 Full woeful makes my heart, and body fainty : 
 
 Her fair, my woe, exceeds all thought and measure. 
 
 In lines confused my luckless harm appeareth, 
 
 Whom sorrow clouds, whom pleasant smiling cleareth. 
 
 This sonnet he sent to Rosalynde, which when she read she 
 blushed, but with a sweet content in that she perceived love 
 had allotted her so amorous a servant. 
 
 Leaving her to her new entertained fancies, again to Rosader, 
 who triumphing in the glory of this conquest, accompanied 
 with a troop of young gentlemen that were desirous to be his 
 familiars, went home to his brother Saladyne's, who was 
 walking before the gates, to hear what success his brother 
 Rosader should have, assuring himself of his death, and 
 devising how with dissimuled sorrow to celebrate his funerals. 
 As he was in his thought, he cast up his eye, and saw where 
 Rosader returned with the garland on his head, as having 
 won the prize, accompanied with a crew of boon companions. 
 Grieved at this, he stepped in and shut the gate. Rosader 
 seeing this, and not looking for such unkind entertainment, 
 blushed at the disgrace, and yet smothering his grief with a 
 smile, he turned to the gentlemen, and desired them to hold 
 his brother excused, for he did not this upon any malicious 
 intent or niggardize, but being brought up in the country, 
 he absented himself as not finding his nature fit for such 
 youthful company. Thus he sought to shadow abuses 
 proffered him by his brother, but in vain, for he could by 
 
EUPHUES^ GOLDEN LEGACY 23 
 
 no means be suffered to enter : whereupon he ran his foot 
 against the door, and broke it open, drawing his sword, and 
 entering boldly into the hall, where he found none, for all 
 were fled, but one Adam Spencer, an Englishman, who had 
 been an old and trusty servant to Sir John of Bordeaux. 
 He for the love he bare to his deceased master, favoured 
 the part of Rosader, and gave him and his such entertainment 
 as he could. Rosader gave him thanks, and looking about, 
 seeing the hall empty, said : 
 
 * Gentlemen, you are welcome ; frolic and be merry : you 
 shall be sure to have wine enough, whatsoever your fare 
 be. I tell you, cavaliers, my brother hath in his house five 
 tun of wine, and as long as that lasteth, I beshrew him that 
 spares his liquor.' 
 
 With that he burst open the buttery door, and with the 
 help of Adam Spencer covered the tables, and set down what- 
 soever he could find in the house ; but what they wanted in 
 meat, Rosader supplied with drink, yet had they royal cheer, 
 and withal such hearty welcome as would have made the 
 coarsest meats seem delicates. After they had feasted and 
 frolicked it twice or thrice with an upsee freeze, they all took 
 their leaves of Rosader and departed. As soon as they were 
 gone, Rosader growing impatient of the abuse, drew his 
 sword, and swore to be revenged on the discourteous Saladyne ; 
 yet by the means of Adam Spencer, who sought to continue 
 friendship and amity betwixt the brethren, and through 
 the flattering submission of Saladyne, they were once again 
 
24 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 reconciled, and put up all forepassed injuries with a peaceable 
 agreement, living together for a good space in such brotherly 
 love, as did not only rejoice the servants, but made all the 
 gentlemen and bordering neighbours glad of such friendly 
 concord. Saladyne, hiding fire in the straw, and concealing 
 a poisoned hate in a peaceable countenance, yet deferring the 
 intent of his wrath till fitter oportunity, he showed himself 
 a great favourer of his brother's virtuous endeavours : where 
 leaving them in this happy league, let us return to Rosalynde. 
 
 Rosalynde returning home from the triumph, after she 
 waxed solitary love presented her with the idea of Rosader's 
 perfection, and taking her at discovert struck her so deep, 
 as she felt herself grow passing passionate. She began to 
 call to mind the comeliness of his person, the honour of his 
 parents, and the virtues that, excelling both, made him so 
 gracious in the eyes of every one. Sucking in thus the honey 
 of love by imprinting in her thoughts his rare qualities, she 
 began to surfeit with the contemplation of his virtuous condi- 
 tions ; but when she called to remembrance her present estate, 
 and the hardness of her fortunes, desire began to shrink, 
 and fancy to vail bonnet, that between a Chaos of confused 
 thoughts she began to debate with herself in this manner : 
 
 * Infortunate Rosalynde, whose misfortunes are more than 
 thy years, and whose passions are greater than thy patience ! 
 Rosalynde s The blossoms of thy youth are mixed with the 
 passion. frosts of envy, and the hope of thy ensuing 
 
 fruits perish in the bud. Thy father is by Torismond 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 25 
 
 banished from the crown, and thou, the unhappy daughter of a 
 king, detained captive, living as disquieted in thy thoughts as 
 thy father discontented in his exile. Ah Rosalynde, what 
 cares wait upon a crown ! what griefs are incident to dignity ! 
 what sorrows haunt royal palaces ! The greatest seas have 
 the sorest storms, the highest birth subject to the most bale, 
 and of all trees the cedars soonest shake with the wind : 
 small currents are ever calm, low valleys not scorched in 
 any lightnings, nor base men tied to any baleful prejudice. 
 Fortune flies, and if she touch poverty it is with her heel, 
 rather disdaining their want with a frown, than envying their 
 wealth with disparagement. O Rosalynde, hadst thou been 
 born low, thou hadst not fallen so high, and yet being great 
 of blood thine honour is more, if thou brookest misfortune 
 with patience. Suppose I contrary fortune with content, yet 
 fates unwilling to have me anyway happy, have forced love 
 to set my thoughts on lire with fancy. Love, Rosalynde ! 
 becometh it women in distress to think of love ? Tush, 
 desire hath no respect of persons : Cupid is blind and 
 shooteth at random, as soon hitting a rag as a robe, and 
 piercing as soon the bosom of a captive as the breast of a 
 libertine. Thou speakest it, poor Rosalynde, by experience ; 
 for being every way distressed, surcharged with cares, and 
 overgrown with sorrows, yet amidst the heap of all these mis- 
 haps, love hath lodged in thy heart the perfection of young 
 Rosader, a man every way absolute as well for his inward 
 life, as for his outward lineaments, able to content the eye 
 
26 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 with beauty, and the ear with the report of his virtue. But 
 consider, Rosalynde, his fortunes, and thy present estate : 
 thou art poor and without patrimony, and yet the daughter 
 of a prince ; he a younger brother, and void of such posses- 
 sions as either might maintain thy dignities or revenge thy 
 father's injuries. And hast thou not learned this of other 
 ladies, that lovers cannot live by looks, that women's ears are 
 sooner content with a dram of give me than a pound of hear 
 me, that gold is sweeter than eloquence, that love is a fire 
 and wealth is the fuel, that Venus' coffers should be ever 
 full ? Then, Rosalynde, seeing Rosader is poor, think him 
 less beautiful because he is in want, and account his 
 virtues but qualities of course for that he is not endued 
 with wealth. Doth not Horace tell thee what method is 
 to be used in love ? 
 
 Quaerenda pecunia primum, post nummos virtus. 
 
 Tush, Rosalynde, be not over rash : leap not before thou 
 look ; either love such a one as may with his lands purchase 
 thy liberty, or else love not at all. Choose not a fair face 
 with an empty purse, but say as most women use to say : 
 
 Si nihil attuleris, ibis Homere foras. 
 
 Why, Rosalynde I can such base thoughts harbour in such 
 high beauties ? can the degree of a princess, the daughter of 
 Gerismond harbour such servile conceits, as to prize gold 
 more than honour, or to measure a gentleman by his wealth, 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 27 
 
 not by his virtues ? No, Rosalynde, blush at thy base resolu- 
 tion, and say, if thou lovest, either Rosader or none. And 
 why ? because Rosader is both beautiful and virtuous.' 
 Smiling to herself to think of her new-entertained passions, 
 taking up her lute that lay by her, she warbled out this ditty : 
 
 Rosalynde's Madrigal 
 
 Love in my bosom like a bee 
 
 Doth suck his sweet : 
 Now with his wings he plays with me, 
 
 Now with his feet. 
 Within mine eyes he makes his nest, 
 His bed amidst my tender breast; 
 My kisses are his daily feast, 
 And yet he robs me of my rest. 
 
 Ahj wanton, will ye? 
 
 1 
 
 And if I sleep, then percheth he | 
 
 With pretty flight, | 
 
 And makes his pillow of my knee \ 
 
 The livelong night. 
 Strike I my lute, he tunes the string, 
 He music plays if so I sing ; 
 
 He lends me every lovely thing, ] 
 
 Yet cruel he my heart doth sting. { 
 
 Whist, wanton, still ye I ; 
 
 Else I with roses every day 
 
 Will whip you hence, j 
 
 And bind you, when you long to play, i 
 
 For your offence ; I 
 
 ■1 
 
28 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 I'll shut mine eyes to keep you in, 
 rU make you fast it for your sin, 
 I'll count your power not worth a pin. 
 Alas, what hereby shall I win, 
 If he gainsay me ? 
 
 What if I beat the wanton boy 
 
 With many a rod ? 
 He will repay me with annoy. 
 
 Because a God. 
 Then sit thou safely on my knee, 
 And let thy bower my bosom be ; 
 Lurk in mine eyes, I like of thee. 
 O Cupid, so thou pity me, 
 
 Spare not but play thee. 
 
 Scarce had Rosalynde ended her madrigal, before Toris- 
 mond came in with his daughter Alinda and many of the 
 peers of France, who were enamoured of her beauty ; which 
 Torismond perceiving, fearing lest her perfection might be 
 the beginning of his prejudice, and the hope of his fruit end 
 in the beginning of her blossoms, he thought to banish her 
 from the court : * for,' quoth he to himself, < her face is so full 
 of favour, that it pleads pity in the eye of every man ; her 
 beauty is so heavenly and divine, that she will prove to me 
 as Helen did to Priam ; some one of the peers will aim 
 at her love, end the marriage, and then in his wife's right 
 attempt the kingdom. To prevent therefore had I iv'ist in 
 all these actions, she tarries not about the court, but shall, 
 as an exile, either wander to her father, or else seek other 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 29 
 
 fortunes.' In this humour, with a stern countenance full of 
 wrath, he breathed out this censure unto her before the peers, 
 that charged her that that night she were not seen about the 
 court : * for,' quoth he, * I have heard of thy aspiring speeches, 
 and intended treasons/ This doom was strange unto Rosa- 
 lynde, and presently, covered with the shield of her innocence, 
 she boldly brake out in reverent terms to have cleared her- 
 self; but Torismond would admit of no reason, nor durst his 
 lords plead for Rosalynde, although her beauty had made 
 some of them passionate, seeing the figure of wrath portrayed 
 in his brow. Standing thus all mute, and Rosalynde amazed, 
 Alinda, who loved her more than herself, with grief in her 
 heart and tears in her eyes, falling down on her knees, began 
 to entreat her father thus : 
 
 * If, mighty Torismond, I offend in pleading for my friend, 
 let the law of amity crave pardon for my boldness ; for 
 where there is depth of affection, there friend- ^,. , , 
 
 . ., r* J T -^"""^ ^ oration 
 
 ship alloweth a privilege. Rosalynde and I to her father 
 have been fostered up from our infancies, '"'^^f'""°-f 
 
 , , , r f^*^ Rosalynae. 
 
 and nursed under the harbour or our con- 
 versing together with such private familiarities, that custom 
 had wrought a union of our nature, and the sympathy of 
 our affections such a secret love, that we have two bodies 
 and one soul. Then marvel not, great Torismond, if, seeing 
 my friend distressed, I find myself perplexed with a thousand 
 sorrows ; for her virtuous and honourable thoughts, which 
 are the glories that maketh women excellent, they be such 
 
30 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 as may challenge love, and rase out suspicion. Her obedi- 
 ence to your majesty I refer to the censure of your own eye, 
 that since her father's exile had smothered all griefs with 
 patience, and in the absence of nature, hath honoured you with 
 all duty, as her own father by nouriture, not in word uttering 
 any discontent, nor in thought, as far as conjecture may 
 reach, hammering on revenge ; only in all her actions seeking 
 to please you, and to win my favour. Her wisdom, silence, 
 chastity, and other such rich qualities, I need not decipher ; 
 only it rests for me to conclude in one word, that she is 
 innocent. If then, fortune, who triumphs in a variety of 
 miseries, hath 'presented some envious person, as minister of 
 her intended stratagem, to taint Rosalynde with any surmise of 
 treason, let him be brought to her face, and confirm his accus- 
 ation by witnesses*; which proved, let her die, and Alinda will 
 execute the massacre. If none can avouch any confirmed 
 relation of her intent, use justice, my lord, it is the glory of a 
 king, and let her live in your wonted favour ; for if you banish 
 her, myself, as copartner of her hard fortunes, will participate 
 in exile some part of her extremities.' 
 
 Torismond, at this speech of Alinda, covered his face 
 with such a frown, as tyranny seemed to sit triumphant in 
 his forehead, and checked her up with such taunts, as made 
 the lords, that only were hearers, to tremble. 
 
 < Proud girl,' quoth he, * hath my looks made thee so 
 light of tongue, or my favours encouraged thee to be so 
 forward, that thou darest presume to preach after thy father ? 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 31 
 
 Hath not my years more experience than thy youth, and the 
 winter of mine age deeper insight into civil policy, than 
 the prime of thy flourishing days ? The old lion avoids the 
 toils, where the young one leaps into the net : the care 
 of age is provident and foresees much : suspicion is a virtue, 
 where a man holds his enemy in his bosom. Thou, fond 
 girl, measurest all by present affection, and as thy heart 
 loves, thy thoughts censure ; but if thou knowest that in 
 liking Rosalynde thou hatchest up a bird to peck out thine 
 own eyes, thou wouldst entreat as much for her absence as 
 now thou delightest in her presence. But why do I allege 
 policy to thee ? Sit you down, housewife, and fall to your 
 needle : if idleness make you so wanton, or liberty so mala- 
 pert, I can quickly tie you to a sharper task. And you, 
 maid, this night be packing, either into Arden to your 
 father, or whither best it shall content your humour, but in 
 the court you shall not abide.' 
 
 This rigorous reply of Torismond nothing amazed Alinda, 
 for still she prosecuted her plea in the defence of Rosalynde, 
 wishing her father, if his censure might not be reversed, that 
 he would appoint her partner of her exile ; which if he refused 
 to do, either she would by some secret means steal out .and 
 follow her, or else end her days with some desperate kind 
 of death. When Torismond heard his daughter so resolute, 
 his heart was so hardened against her, that he set down a 
 definite and peremptory sentence, that they should both be 
 banished, which presently was done, the tyrant rather choosing 
 
■'J 
 
 32 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 to hazard the loss of his only child than anyways to put 
 in question the state of his kingdom ; so suspicious and 
 fearful is the conscience of an usurper. Well, although his 
 lords persuaded him to retain his own daughter, yet his 
 resolution might not be reversed, but both of them must away 
 from the court without either more company or delay. In 
 he went with great melancholy, and left these two ladies 
 alone. Rosalynde waxed very sad, and sate down and wept. 
 Alinda she smiled, and sitting by her friend began thus to 
 comfort her : 
 
 *Why, how now, Rosalynde, dismayed with a frown of 
 contrary fortune ? Have I not oft heard thee say, that 
 
 high minds were discovered in fortune's con- 
 comfoH to tempt, and heroical scene in the depth of 
 
 perplexed extremities ? Thou wert wont to tell others 
 
 that complained of distress, that the sweetest 
 salve for misery was patience, and the only medicine for 
 want that precious implaister of content. Being such a good 
 physician to others, wilt thou not minister receipts to thy- 
 self? But perchance thou wilt say : 
 
 Consulenti nunquam caput doluit. 
 
 Why then, if the patients that are sick of this disease can 
 find in themselves neither reason to persuade, nor art to cure, 
 yet, Rosalynde, admit of the counsel of a friend, and apply 
 the salves that may appease thy passions. If thou grievest 
 that being the daughter of a prince, and envy thwarteth thee 
 
4 
 
 EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 33 
 
 with such hard exigents, think that royalty is a fair mark, 
 that crowns have crosses when mirth is in cottages ; that the 
 fairer the rose is, the sooner it is bitten with caterpillars ; the 
 more orient the pearl is, the more apt to take a blemish ; 
 and the greatest birth, as it hath most honour, so it hath 
 much envy. If then fortune aimeth at the fairest, be 
 patient Rosalynde, for first by thine exile thou goest to thy 
 father : nature is higher prized than wealth, and the love 
 of one's parents ought to be more precious than all dignities. 
 Why then doth my Rosalynde grieve at the frown of 
 Torismond, who by offering her a prejudice proffers her a 
 greater pleasure ? and more, mad lass, to be melancholy, 
 when thou hast with thee Alinda, a friend who will be a 
 faithful copartner of all thy misfortunes, who hath left 
 her father to follow thee, and chooseth rather to brook all 
 extremities than to forsake thy presence. What, Rosalynde, 
 
 Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris. 
 
 Cheerly, woman : as we have been bed-fellows in royalty, 
 we will be fellow-mates in poverty : I will ever be thy Alinda, 
 and thou shalt ever rest to me Rosalynde ; so shall the world 
 canonize our friendship, and speak of Rosalynde and Alinda, 
 as they did of Pylades and Orestes. And if ever fortune 
 smile, and we return to our former honour, then folding 
 ourselves in the sweet of our friendship, we shall merrily 
 say, calling to mind our forepassed miseries : 
 
 Olim haec meminisse juvabit.' 
 
34 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 At this Rosalynde began to comfort her, and after she 
 had wept a few kind tears in the bosom of her Alinda, she 
 gave her hearty thanks, and then they sat them down to 
 consult how they should travel. Alinda grieved at nothing 
 but that they might have no man in their company, saying 
 it would be their greatest prejudice in that two women 
 went wandering without either guide or attendant. 
 
 <Tush,' quoth Rosalynde, < art thou a woman, and hast 
 not a sudden shift to prevent a misfortune ? I, thou seest, am 
 of a tall stature, and would very well become the person and 
 apparel of a page ; thou shalt be my mistress, and I will play 
 the man so properly, that, trust me, in what company so- 
 ever I come I will not be discovered. I will buy me a suit, 
 and have my rapier very handsomely at my side, and if any 
 knave offer wrong, your page will show him the point of 
 his weapon.' 
 
 At this Alinda smiled, and upon this they agreed, and 
 presently gathered up all their jewels, which they trussed up 
 in a casket, and Rosalynde in all haste provided her of robes, 
 and Alinda, from her royal weeds, put herself in more home- 
 like attire. Thus fitted to the purpose, away go these two 
 friends, having now changed their names, Alinda being called 
 Aliena, and Rosalynde Ganymede. They travelled along the 
 vineyards, and by many by-ways at last got to the forest side, 
 where they travelled by the space of two or three days with- 
 out seeing any creature, being often in danger of wild beasts, 
 and pained with many passionate sorrows. Now the black ox 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 35 
 
 began to tread on their feet, and Alinda thought of her wonted 
 royalty ; but when she cast her eyes on her Rosalyndc, she 
 thought every danger a step to honour. Passing thus on along, 
 about midday they came to a fountain, compassed with a grove 
 of cypress trees, so cunningly and curiously planted, as if some 
 goddess had entreated nature in that place to make her an 
 arbour. By this fountain sat Aliena and her Ganymede, 
 and forth they pulled such victuals as they had, and fed 
 as merrily as if they had been in Paris with all the king's 
 delicates, Aliena only grieving that they could not so much 
 as meet with a shepherd to discourse them the way to 
 some place where they might make their abode. At last 
 Ganymede casting up his eye espied where on a tree was 
 engraven certain verses ; which as soon as he espied, he cried 
 out : 
 
 * Be of good cheer, mistress, I spy the figures of men ; for 
 here in these trees be engraven certain verses of shepherds, 
 or some other swains that inhabit hereabout.* 
 
 With that Aliena start up joyful to hear these news, and 
 looked, where they found carved in the bark of a pine tree 
 this passion : 
 
 MoNTANUs's Passion 
 
 Hadst thou been born whereas perpetual cold 
 Makes Tanais hard, and mountains silver old ; 
 Had 1 complained unto a marble stone, 
 Or to the floods bewrayed my bitter moan, 
 I then could bear the burthen of my grief: 
 
36 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 But even the pride of countries at thy birth, 
 Whilst heavens did smile, did new array the earth 
 
 With flowers chief; 
 Yet thou, the flower of beauty blessed born, 
 Hast pretty looks, but all attired in scorn. 
 Had I the power to weep sweet Mirrha's tears, 
 Or by my plaints to pierce repining ears ; 
 Hadst thou the heart to smile at my complaint. 
 To scorn the woes that doth my heart attaint, 
 
 I then could bear the burthen of my grief: 
 But not my tears, but truth with thee prevails. 
 And seeming sour my sorrows thee assails : 
 
 Yet small relief; 
 For if thou wilt thou art of marble hard. 
 And if thou please my suit shall soon be heard. 
 
 * No doubt/ quoth Aliena, * this poesy is the passion 
 of some perplexed shepherd, that being enamoured of 
 some fair and beautiful shepherdess, suffered some sharp 
 repulse, and therefore complained of the cruelty of his 
 mistress.' 
 
 * You may see,' quoth Ganymede, < what mad cattle you 
 women be, whose hearts sometimes are made of adamant that 
 will touch with no impression, and sometime of wax that is 
 fit for every form : they delight to be courted, and then 
 they glory to seem coy, and when they are most desired 
 then they freeze with disdain : and this fault is so common 
 to the sex, that you see it painted out in the shepherd's 
 passions, who found his mistress as froward as he was 
 enamoured.* 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 37 
 
 * And I pray you/ quoth Aliena, * if your robes were 
 off, what mettle are you made of that you are so satirical 
 against women ? Is it not a foul bird defiles the own nest ? 
 Beware, Ganymede, that Rosader hear you not, if he do, 
 perchance you will make him leap so far from love, that 
 he will anger every vein in your heart.' 
 
 * Thus,' quoth Ganymede, * I keep decorum : I speak 
 now as I am Aliena's page, not as I am Gerismond's 
 daughter ; for put me but into a petticoat, and I will stand in 
 defiance to the uttermost, that women are courteous, constant, 
 virtuous, and what not.' 
 
 * Stay there,' quoth Aliena, * and no more words, for 
 yonder be characters graven upon the bark of the tall beech 
 tree.' 
 
 * Let us see,' quoth Ganymede ; and with that they read 
 a fancy written to this effect : 
 
 First shall the heavens want starry light, 
 
 The seas be robbed of their waves, 
 The day want sun, and sun want bright. 
 
 The night want shade, the dead men graves, 
 The April flowers and leaf and tree, 
 Before I false my faith to thee. 
 
 First shall the tops of highest hills 
 
 By humble plains be overpried, 
 And poets scorn the Muses' quills, 
 
 And fish forsake the water glide, 
 And Iris loose her coloured weed, 
 Before I fail thee at thy need. 
 
38 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 First direful hate shall turn to peace, 
 
 And love relent in deep disdain, 
 And death his fatal stroke shall cease, 
 
 And envy pity every pain. 
 And pleasure mourn and sorrow^ smile, 
 Before I talk of any guile. 
 
 First time shall stay his stayless race, 
 And winter bless his brows with corn. 
 
 And snow bemoisten July's face. 
 
 And winter spring, and summer mourn. 
 
 Before my pen, by help of fame. 
 
 Cease to recite thy sacred name. 
 
 Montanus. 
 
 * No doubt,' quoth Ganymede, * this protestation grew 
 from one full of passions.' 
 
 « I am of that mind too,' quoth Aliena, * but see, I 
 pray, when poor women seek to keep themselves chaste, 
 how men woo them with many feigned promises ; alluring 
 with sweet words as the Sirens, and after proving as troth- 
 less as Aeneas. Thus promised Demophoon to his Phyllis, 
 but who at last grew more false ? ' 
 
 * The reason was,' quoth Ganymede, *that they were 
 women's sons, and took that fault of their mother, for if 
 man had grown from man, as Adam did from the earth, 
 men had never been troubled with inconstancy.' 
 
 * Leave off,' quoth Aliena, * to taunt thus bitterly, or else 
 I'll pull off your page's apparel, and whip you, as Venus 
 doth her wantons, with nettles.' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 39 
 
 * So you will/ quoth Ganymede, ' persuade me to flattery, 
 and that needs not : but come, seeing we have found here 
 by this fount the tract of shepherds by their madrigals 
 and roundelays, let us forward ; for either we shall find 
 some folds, sheepcotes, or else some cottages wherein for a 
 day or two to rest/ 
 
 * Content,' quoth Aliena, and with that they rose up, 
 and marched forward till towards the even, and then coming 
 into a fair valley, compassed with mountains, whereon grew 
 many pleasant shrubs, they might descry where two flocks of 
 sheep did feed. Then, looking about, they might perceive 
 where an old shepherd sat, and with him a young swaine, 
 under a covert most pleasantly situated. The ground where 
 they sat was diapered with Flora's riches, as if she 
 meant to wrap Tellus in the glory of her vestments : round 
 about in the form of an amphitheatre were most curiously 
 planted pine trees, interseamed with limons and citrons, 
 which with the thickness of their boughs so shadowed the 
 place, that Phoebus could not pry into the secret of that 
 arbour ; so united were the tops with so thick a closure, that 
 Venus might there in her jollity have dallied unseen with 
 her dearest paramour. Fast by, to make the place more 
 gorgeous, was there a fount so crystalline and clear, that it 
 seemed Diana with her Dryades and Hamadryades had that 
 spring, as the secret of all their bathings. In this glorious 
 arbour sat these two shepherds, seeing their sheep feed, 
 playing on their pipes many pleasant tunes, and from music 
 
40 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 and melody falling into much amorous chat. Drawing more 
 nigh we might descry the countenance of the one to be full 
 of sorrow, his face to be the very portraiture of discontent, 
 and his eyes full of woes, that living he seemed to die : we, 
 to hear what these were, stole privily behind the thicket, 
 where we overheard this discourse : 
 
 A Pleasant Eclogue between Montanus and Corydon 
 Corydon 
 
 Say, shepherd's boy, v^^hat makes thee greet so sore ? 
 "Why leaves thy pipe his pleasure and delight ? 
 Young are thy years, thy cheeks with roses dight : 
 Then sing for joy, sweet swain, and sigh no more. 
 
 This milk-white poppy, and this climbing pine 
 Both promise shade ; then sit thee down and sing. 
 And make these woods with pleasant notes to ring, 
 Till Phoebus deign all westward to decline. 
 
 Montanus 
 
 Ah, Corydon, unmeet is melody 
 To him whom proud contempt hath overborne : 
 Slain are my joys by Phoebe's bitter scorn ; 
 Far hence my weal, and near my jeopardy. 
 
 Love's burning brand is couched in my breast. 
 Making a Phoenix of my faintful heart : 
 And though his fury do enforce my smart, 
 Ay blithe am I to honour his behest. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 Prepared to woes, since so my Phoebe wills, 
 My looks dismayed, since Phoebe will disdain ; 
 I banish bliss and welcome home my pain: 
 So stream my tears as showers from Alpine hills. 
 
 In error's mask I blindfold judgment's eye, 
 I fetter reason in the snares of lust, 
 I seem secure, yet know not how to trust; 
 I live by that which makes me living die. 
 
 Devoid of rest, companion of distress, 
 Plague to myself, consumed by my thought, 
 How may my voice or pipe in tune be brought, 
 Since I am reft of solace and delight? 
 
 Corydon 
 
 Ah, lorrel lad, what makes thee hery love? 
 A sugared harm, a poison full of pleasure, 
 A painted shrine full filled with rotten treasure; 
 A heaven in show, a hell to them that prove. 
 
 A gain in seeming, shadowed still with want, 
 A broken staff which folly doth uphold, 
 A flower that fades with every frosty cold, 
 An orient rose sprung from a withered plant. 
 
 A minute's joy to gain a world of grief, 
 
 A subtle net to snare the idle mind, 
 
 A seeing scorpion, yet in seeming blind, 
 
 A poor rejoice, a plague without relief. 
 
 Forthy, Montanus, follow mine arede, 
 
 Whom age hath taught the trains that fancy useth, 
 
 Leave foolish love, for beauty wit abuseth. 
 
 And drowns, by folly, virtue's springing seed. 
 
42 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Montanus 
 
 So blames the child the flame because it burns, 
 And bird the snare because it doth entrap, 
 And fools true love because of sorry hap, 
 And sailors curse the ship that overturns. 
 
 But would the child forbear to play with flame, 
 And birds beware to trust the fowler's gin. 
 And fools foresee before they fall and sin, 
 And masters guide their ships in better frame ; 
 
 The child would praise the fire because it warms, 
 And birds rejoice to see the fowler fail, 
 And fools prevent before their plagues prevail, 
 And sailors bless the barque that saves from harms. 
 
 Ah, Corydon, though many be thy years, 
 And crooked elde hath some experience left. 
 Yet is thy mind of judgment quite bereft. 
 In view of love, whose power in me appears. 
 
 The ploughman little wots to turn the pen. 
 
 Or bookman skills to guide the ploughman's cart; 
 
 Nor can the cobbler count the terms of art, 
 
 Nor base men judge the thoughts of mighty men. 
 
 Nor withered age, unmeet for beauty's guide, 
 Uncapable of love's impression, 
 Discourse of that whose choice possession 
 May never to so base a man be tied. 
 
 But I, whom nature makes of tender mould, 
 And youth most pliant yields to fancy's fire, 
 Do build my haven and heaven on sweet desire, 
 On sweet desire, more dear to me than gold. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 43 , 
 
 Think I of love, oh, how my lines aspire 1 j 
 
 How haste the Muses to embrace my brows, ! 
 And hem my temples in with laurel boughs, 
 
 And fill my brains with chaste and holy fire ! j 
 
 Then leave my lines their homely equipage, 
 
 Mounted beyond the circle of the sun: | 
 
 Amazed I read the stile when I have done, 
 
 And hery love that sent that heavenly rage. < 
 
 Of Phoebe then, of Phoebe then I sing, 
 Drawing the purity of all the spheres, 
 The pride of earth, or what in heaven appears, 
 Her honoured face and fame to light to bring. 
 
 In fluent numbers, and in pleasant veins, ; 
 
 I rob both sea and earth of all their state, 
 
 To praise her parts: I charm both time and fate, | 
 
 To bless the nymph that yields me lovesick pains. 
 
 My sheep are turned to thoughts, whom froward will 
 
 Guides in the restless labyrinth of love ; 
 
 Fear lends them pasture wheresoe'er they move, ' 
 
 And by their death their life reneweth still. 
 
 My sheephook is my pen, mine oaten reed , 
 
 My paper, where my many woes are written. 
 
 Thus silly swain, with love and fancy bitten, j 
 
 I trace the plains of pain in woeful weed. 
 
 I 
 Yet are my cares, my broken sleeps, my tears, j 
 
 My dreams, my doubts, for Phoebe sweet to me: 
 
 Who waiteth heaven in sorrow's vale must be, ■ 
 
 And glory shines where danger most appears. j 
 
44 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Then, Corydon, although I blithe me not, 
 Blame me not, man, since sorrow is my sweet: 
 So willeth love, and Phoebe thinks it meet, 
 And kind Montanus liketh well his lot. 
 
 Corydon 
 
 O stayless youth, by error so misguided, 
 Where will proscribeth laws to perfect wits, 
 Where reason mourns, and blame in triumph sits. 
 And folly poisoneth all that time provided 1 
 
 With wilful blindness bleared, prepared to shame. 
 Prone to neglect Occasion when she smiles : 
 Alas, that love, by fond and froward guiles, 
 Should make thee tract the path to endless blame! 
 
 Ah, my Montanus, cursed is the charm. 
 That hath bewitched so thy youthful eyes. 
 Leave off in time to like these vanities. 
 Be forward to thy good, and fly thy harm. 
 
 As many bees as Hybla daily shields. 
 As many fry as fleet on ocean's face. 
 As many herds as on the earth do trace, 
 As many flowers as deck the fragrant fields. 
 
 As many stars as glorious heaven contains. 
 As many storms as wayward winter weeps, 
 As many plagues as hell enclosed keeps, 
 So many griefs in love, so many pains. 
 
 Suspicions, thoughts, desires, opinions, prayers, 
 Mislikes, misdeeds, fond joys, and feigned peace. 
 Illusions, dreams, great pains, and small increase. 
 Vows, hopes, acceptance, scorns, and deep despairs, 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 45 
 
 Truce, war, and woe do wait at beauty's gate ; 
 Time lost, laments, reports, and privy grudge, 
 And last, fierce love is but a partial judge, 
 Who yields for service shame, for friendship hate. 
 
 Montanus 
 All adder-like I stop mine ears, fond swain, 
 So charm no more, for I will never change. 
 Call home thy flocks in time that straggling range, 
 For lo, the sun declineth hence amain. 
 
 Terentius 
 In amore haec omnia insunt vitia : induciae, inimicitiae, bellum, 
 pax rursum : incerta haec si tu postules ratione certa fieri, nihilo 
 plus agas, quam si des operam, ut cum ratione insanias. 
 
 The shepherds having thus ended their eclogue, Aliena 
 stepped with Ganymede from behind the thicket ; at whose 
 sudden sight the shepherds arose, and Aliena saluted them 
 thus : 
 
 * Shepherds, all hail, for such we deem you by your 
 flocks, and lovers, good luck, for such you seem by your 
 passions, our eyes being witness of the one, and our ears 
 of the other. Although not by love, yet by fortune, I 
 am a distressed gentlewoman, as sorrowful as you are 
 passionate, and as full of woes as you of perplexed thoughts. 
 Wandering this way in a forest unknown, only I and my 
 page, wearied with travel, would fain have some place of 
 rest. May you appoint us any place of quiet harbour, be it 
 never so mean, I shall be thankful to you, contented in 
 myself, and grateful to whosoever shall be mine host.' 
 
46 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Corydon, hearing the gentlewoman speak so courteously, 
 returned her mildly and reverently this answer : 
 
 * Fair mistress, we return you as hearty a welcome as 
 you gave us a courteous salute. A shepherd I am, and this 
 a lover, as watchful to please his wench as to feed his sheep : 
 full of fancies, and therefore, say I, full of follies. Exhort 
 him I may, but persuade him I cannot; for love admits 
 neither of counsel nor reason. But leaving him to his 
 passions, if you be distressed, I am sorrowful such a fair 
 creature is crossed with calamity ; pray for you I may, but 
 relieve you I cannot. Marry, if you want lodging, if you 
 vouch to shroud yourselves in a shepherd's cottage, my 
 house for this night shall be your harbour.' 
 
 Aliena thanked Corydon greatly, and presently sate her 
 down and Ganymede by her. Corydon looking earnestly upon 
 her, and with a curious survey viewing all her perfections, 
 applauded in his thought her excellence, and pitying her 
 distress was desirous to hear the cause of her misfortunes, 
 began to question her thus : 
 
 * If I should not, fair damosel, occasion offence, or 
 renew your griefs by rubbing the scar, I would fain crave 
 so much favour as to know the cause of your misfortunes, and 
 why, and whither you wander with your page in so dangerous 
 a forest ? ' 
 
 Aliena, that was as courteous as she was fair, made this 
 reply : 
 
 * Shepherd, a friendly demand ought never to be offensive. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 47 
 
 and questions of courtesy carry privileged pardons in their 
 foreheads. Know, therefore, to discover my fortunes were 
 to renew my sorrows, and I should, by discoursing my mis- 
 haps, but rake fire out of the cinders. Therefore let this 
 suffice, gentle shepherd : my distress is as great as my 
 travel is dangerous, and I wander in this forest to light on 
 some cottage where I and my page may dwell : for I mean 
 to buy some farm, and a flock of sheep, and so become a 
 shepherdess, meaning to live low, and content me with a 
 country life ; for I have heard the swains say, that they 
 drunk without suspicion, and slept without care.' 
 
 * Marry, mistress,' quoth Corydon, * if you mean so you came 
 in good time, for my landslord intends to sell both the farm 
 I till, and the flock I keep, and cheap you may have them 
 for ready money : and for a shepherd's life, O mistress, did 
 you but live awhile in their content, you would say the court 
 were rather a place of sorrow than of solace. Here, mis- 
 tress, shall not fortune thwart you, but in mean misfortunes, 
 as the loss of a few sheep, which, as it breeds no beggary, 
 so it can be no extreme prejudice : the next year may 
 mend all with a fresh increase. Envy stirs not us, we 
 covet not to climb, our desires mount not above our degrees, 
 nor our thoughts above our fortunes. Care cannot harbour 
 in our cottages, nor do our homely couches know broken 
 slumbers ; as we exceed not in diet, so we have enough to 
 satisfy : and, mistress, I have so much Latin, Satis est quod 
 sufficit.' 
 
48 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * By my troth, shepherd/ quoth Aliena, * thou makest me 
 in love with your country life, and therefore send for thy 
 landslord, and I will buy thy farm and thy flocks, and thou 
 shall still under me be overseer of them both : only for 
 pleasure sake I and my page will serve you, lead the flocks 
 to the field, and fold them. Thus will I live quiet, un- 
 known, and contented.' 
 
 This news so gladded the heart of Corydon, that he 
 should not be put out of his farm, that putting off his 
 shepherd's bonnet, he did her all the reverence that he might. 
 But all this while sate Montanus in a muse, thinking of the 
 cruelty of his Phoebe, whom he wooed long, but was in no 
 hope to win. Ganymede, who still had the remembrance 
 of Rosader in his thoughts, took delight to see the poor 
 shepherd passionate, laughing at Love, that in all his actions 
 was so imperious. At last, when she had noted his tears 
 that stole down his cheeks, and his sighs that broke from the 
 centre of his heart, pitying his lament, she demanded of 
 Corydon why the young shepherd looked so sorrowful. 
 
 * O sir,' quoth he, * the boy is in love.' 
 
 * Why,' quoth Ganymede, * can shepherds love ? ' 
 
 * Aye,' quoth Montanus, ' and overlove, else shouldst not 
 thou see me so pensive Love, I tell thee, is as precious in 
 a shepherd's eye, as in the looks of a king, and we country 
 swains entertain fancy with as great delight as the proudest 
 courtier doth affection. Opportunity, that is the sweetest 
 friend to Venus, harboureth in our cottages, and loyalty, the 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 49 
 
 chiefest fealty that Cupid requires, is found more among 
 shepherds than higher degrees. Then, ask not if such 
 silly swains can love.' 
 
 *What is the cause then,' quoth Ganymede, * that love 
 being so sweet to thee, thou lookest so sorrowful ? ' 
 
 < Because,' quoth Montanus, < the party beloved is froward, 
 and having courtesy in her looks, holdeth disdain in her 
 tongue's end.' 
 
 * What hath she, then,' quoth Aliena, * in her heart ? ' 
 
 * Desire, I hope madam,' quoth he, * or else, my hope lost, 
 despair in love were death.' 
 
 As thus they chatted, the sun being ready to set, and 
 they not having folded their sheep, Cory don requested she 
 would sit there with her page, till Montanus and he lodged 
 their sheep for that night. 
 
 * You shall go,' quoth Aliena, * but first I will entreat 
 Montanus to sing some amorous sonnet, that he made when 
 he hath been deeply passionate.' 
 
 *That I will,' quoth Montanus, and with that he began 
 thus : 
 
 MoNTANus's Sonnet 
 
 Phoebe sate, 
 Sweet she sate, 
 
 Sweet sate Phoebe when I saw her ; 
 White her brow, 
 Coy her eye : 
 
 Brow and eye how much you please me ! 
 
 E 
 
ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Words I spent, 
 Sighs I sent : 
 
 Sighs and words could never draw her. 
 
 my love, 
 Thou art lost, 
 
 Since no sight could ever ease thee. 
 
 Phoebe sat 
 By a fount ; 
 
 Sitting by a fount I spied her : 
 Sweet her touch, 
 Rare her voice : 
 
 Touch and voice what may distain you ? 
 As she sung 
 
 1 did sigh. 
 
 And by sighs whilst that I tried her, 
 O mine eyes 1 
 You did lose 
 
 Her first sight whose want did pain you. 
 
 Phoebe's flocks. 
 White as wool : 
 
 Yet were Phoebe's locks more whiter. 
 Photbe's eyes 
 Dovelike mild : 
 
 Dovelike eyes, both mild and cruel. 
 Montan swears, 
 In your lamps 
 
 He will die for to delight her. 
 Phoebe yield, 
 Or I die: 
 
 Shall true hearts be fancy's fuel ? 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 51 
 
 Montanus had no sooner ended his sonnet, but Corydon 
 with a low courtesy rose up and went with his fellow, and 
 shut their sheep in the folds ; and after returning to Aliena 
 and Ganymede, conducted them home weary to his poor 
 cottage. By the way there was much good chat with Mon- 
 tanus about his loves, he resolving Aliena that Phoebe was 
 the fairest shepherdess in all France, and that in his eye her 
 beauty was equal with the nymphs. 
 
 * But,' quoth he, * as of all stones the diamond is most 
 clearest, and yet most hard for the lapidary to cut : as of 
 all flowers the rose is the fairest, and yet guarded with the 
 sharpest prickles ; so of all our country lasses Phoebe is the 
 brightest, but the most coy of all to stoop unto desire. But 
 let her take heed,' quoth he, * I have heard of Narcissus, who 
 for his high disdain against Love, perished in the folly of his 
 own love.' 
 
 With this they were at Corydon's cottage, where Montanus 
 parted from them, and they went in to rest. Aliena and 
 Ganymede glad of so contented a shelter, made merry with 
 the poor swain j and though they had but country fare and 
 coarse lodging, yet their welcome was so great, and their 
 cares so little, that they counted their diet delicate, and 
 slept as soundly as if they had been in the court of Toris- 
 mond. The next morn they lay long in bed, as wearied 
 with the toil of unaccustomed travel ; but as soon as they got 
 up, Aliena resolved there to set up her rest, and by the help 
 of Corydon swept a bargain with his landslord, and so became 
 
52 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 mistress of the farm and the flock, herself putting on the 
 attire of a shepherdess, and Ganymede of a young swain : 
 every day leading forth her flocks, with such delight, that 
 she held her exile happy, and thought no content to the 
 bliss of a country cottage. Leaving her thus famous amongst 
 the shepherds of Arden, again to Saladyne. 
 
 When Saladyne had a long while concealed a secret reso- 
 lution of revenge, and could no longer hide fire in the flax, 
 nor oil in the flame, for envy is like lightning, that will 
 appear in the darkest fog, it chanced on a morning very early 
 he called up certain of his servants, and went with them 
 to the chamber of Rosader, which being open, he entered 
 with his crew, and surprised his brother being asleep, 
 and bound him in fetters, and in the midst of his hall 
 chained him to a post. Rosader, amazed at this strange 
 chance, began to reason with his brother about the cause of 
 this sudden extremity, wherein he had wronged, and what 
 fault he had committed worthy so sharp a penance. 
 Saladyne answered him only with a look of disdain, and 
 went his way, leaving poor Rosader in a deep perplexity ; 
 who, thus abused, fell into sundry passions, but no means of 
 relief could be had : whereupon for anger he grew into a 
 discontented melancholy. In which humour he continued 
 two or three days without meat, insomuch that seeing his 
 brother would give him no food, he fell into despair of his 
 life. Which Adam Spencer, the old servant of Sir John 
 of Bordeaux, seeing, touched with the duty and love he 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 53 
 
 ought to his old master, felt a remorse in his conscience 
 of his son's mishap ; and therefore, although Saladyne had 
 given a general charge to his servants that none of them upon 
 pain of death should give either meat or drink to Rosader, 
 yet Adam Spencer in the night rose secretly, and brought him 
 such victuals as he could provide, and unlocked him, and set 
 him at liberty. After Rosader had well feasted himself, and 
 felt he was loose, straight his thoughts aimed at revenge, 
 and now, all being asleep, he would have quit Saladyne 
 with the method of his own mischief. But Adam 
 Spencer did persuade him to the contrary with these 
 reasons : 
 
 * Sir,' quoth he, * be content, for this night go again into 
 your old fetters, so shall you try the faith of friends, and 
 save the life of an old servant. To-morrow hath your 
 brother invited all your kindred and allies to a solemn 
 breakfast, only to see you, telling them all that you are 
 mad, and fain to be tied to a post. As soon as they come, 
 complain to them of the abuse proffered you by Saladyne. 
 If they redress you, why so : but if they pass over your 
 plaints sicco pede, and hold with the violence of your brother 
 before your innocence, then thus : I will leave you unlocked 
 that you may break out at your pleasure, and at the end 
 of the hall shall you see stand a couple of good poleaxes, 
 one for you and another for me. When I give you a wink, 
 shake off your chains, and let us play the men, and make 
 havoc amongst them, drive them out of the house and 
 
54 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 maintain possession by force of arms, till the king hath 
 made a redress of your abuses.' 
 
 These words of Adam Spencer so persuaded Rosader, 
 that he went to the place of his punishment, and stood there 
 while the next morning. About the time appointed, came 
 all the guests bidden by Saladyne, whom he entreated with 
 courteous and curious entertainment, as they all perceived their 
 welcome to be great. The tables in the hall, where Rosader 
 was tied, were covered, and Saladyne bringing in his guests 
 together, showed them where his brother was bound, and 
 was enchained as a man lunatic. Rosader made reply, 
 and with some invectives made complaints of the wrongs 
 proffered him by Saladyne, desiring they would in pity seek 
 some means for his relief. But in vain, they had stopped 
 their ears with Ulysses, that were his words never so force- 
 able, he breathed only his passions into the wind. They, 
 careless, sat down with Saladyne to dinner, being very 
 frolic and pleasant, washing their heads well with wine. 
 At last, when the fume of the grape had entered peale-meale 
 into their brains, they began in satirical speeches to rail 
 against Rosader : which Adam Spencer no longer brooking, 
 gave the sign, and Rosader shaking off his chains got a 
 poleaxe in his hand, and flew amongst them with such 
 violence and fury, that he hurt many, slew some, and drave 
 his brother and the rest quite out of the house. Seeing the 
 coast clear, he shut the doors, and being sore anhungered, 
 and seeing such good victuals, he sat him down with Adam 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 55 
 
 Spencer, and such good fellows as he knew were honest men, 
 and there feasted themselves with such provision as Saladyne 
 had prepared for his friends. After they had taken their 
 repast, Rosader rampired up the house, lest upon a sudden 
 his brother should raise some crew of his tenants, and 
 surprise them unawares. But Saladyne took a contrary 
 course, and went to the sheriff of the shire and made 
 complaint of Rosader, who giving credit to Saladyne, in 
 a determined resolution to revenge the gentleman's wrongs, 
 took with him five-and-twenty tall men, and made a vow, 
 either to break into the house and take Rosader, or else 
 to coop him in till he made him yield by famine. In this 
 determination, gathering a crew together, he went forward to 
 set Saladyne in his former estate. News of this was brought 
 unto Rosader, who smiling at the cowardice of his brother, 
 brooked all the injuries of fortune with patience, expecting the 
 coming of the sheriff. As he walked upon the battlements 
 of the house, he descried where Saladyne and he drew 
 near, with a troop of lusty gallants. At this he smiled, and 
 called Adam Spencer, and showed him the envious treachery 
 of his brother, and the folly of the sheriff to be so credulous. 
 < Now, Adam,' quoth he, * what shall I do ? It rests for me 
 either to yield up the house to my brother and seek a recon- 
 cilement, or else issue out, and break through the company 
 with courage, for cooped in like a coward I will not be. If 
 I submit, ah Adam, I dishonour myself, and that is worse 
 than death, for by such open disgraces, the fame of men 
 
56 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 grows odious. If I issue out amongst them, fortune may 
 favour me, and I may escape with life. But suppose the 
 worst ; if I be slain, then my death shall be honourable to 
 me, and so inequal a revenge infamous to Saladyne.' 
 
 * Why then, master, forward and fear not ! Out amongst 
 them; they be but faint-hearted losels, and for Adam 
 Spencer, if he die not at your foot, say he is a dastard.' 
 
 These words cheered up so the heart of young Rosader, 
 that he thought himself sufficient for them all, and therefore 
 prepared weapons for him and Adam Spencer, and were ready 
 to entertain the sheriff; for no sooner came Saladyne and 
 he to the gates, but Rosader, unlooked for, leaped out and 
 assailed them, wounded many of them, and caused the rest 
 to give back, so that Adam and he broke through the prease 
 in despite of them all, and took their way towards the 
 forest of Arden. This repulse so set the sheriff's heart on 
 fire to revenge, that he straight raised all the country, and 
 made hue and cry after them. But Rosader and Adam, 
 knowing full well the secret ways that led through the 
 vineyards, stole away privily through the province of Bor- 
 deaux, and escaped safe to the forest of Arden. Being 
 come thither, they were glad they had so good a harbour : 
 but fortune, who is like the chameleon, variable with every 
 object, and constant in nothing but inconstancy, thought 
 to make them mirrors of her mutability, and therefore still 
 crossed them thus contrarily. Thinking still to pass on by 
 the by-ways to get to Lyons, they chanced on a path that led 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 57 
 
 into the thick of the forest, where they wandered five or 
 six days without meat, that they were almost famished 
 finding neither shepherd nor cottage to relieve them ; and 
 hunger growing on so extreme, Adam Spencer, being old, 
 began first to faint, and sitting him down on a hill, and look- 
 ing about him, espied where Rosader lay as feeble and as ill 
 perplexed : which sight made him shed tears, and to fall 
 into these bitter terms : 
 
 * Oh, how the life of man may well be compared to the 
 state of the ocean seas, that for every calm jij^m Spencer's 
 hath a thousand storms, resembling the rose speech. 
 tree, that for a few fair flowers hath a multitude of sharp 
 prickles ! All our pleasures end in pain, and our highest 
 delights are crossed with deepest discontents. The joys 
 of man, as they are few, so are they momentary, scarce ripe 
 before they are rotten, and withering in the blossom, either 
 parched with the heat of envy or fortune. Fortune, O 
 inconstant friend, that in all thy deeds art froward and 
 fickle, delighting, in the poverty of the lowest and the over- 
 throw of the highest, to decipher thy inconstancy. Thou 
 standest upon a globe, and thy wings are plumed with Time's 
 feathers, that thou mayest ever be restless ; thou art double- 
 faced like Janus, carrying frowns in the one to threaten, 
 and smiles in the other to betray : thou profl^erest an eel, 
 and performest a scorpion, and where thy greatest favours 
 be, there is the fear of the extremest misfortunes, so variable 
 are all thy actions. But why, Adam, dost thou exclaim 
 
58 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 against Fortune? She laughs at the plaints of the dis- 
 tressed, and there is nothing more pleasing unto her, than 
 to hear fools boast in her fading allurements, or sorrowful 
 men to discover the sour of their passions. Glut her not, 
 Adam, then with content, but thwart her with brooking all 
 mishaps with patience. For there is no greater check to 
 the pride of Fortune, than with a resolute courage to pass 
 over her crosses without care. Thou art old, Adam, and thy 
 hairs wax white : the palm tree is already full of blooms, 
 and in the furrows of thy face appears the calendars of 
 death. Wert thou blessed by Fortune thy years could not be 
 many, nor the date of thy life long : then sith nature must 
 have her due, what is it for thee to resign her debt a little 
 before the day. Ah, it is not this which grieveth me, nor 
 do I care what mishaps Fortune can wage against me, but 
 the sight of Rosader that galleth unto the quick. When 
 I remember the worships of his house, the honour of his 
 fathers, and the virtues of himself, then do I say, that 
 fortune and the fates are most injurious, to censure so hard 
 extremes, against a youth of so great hope. O Rosader, 
 thou art in the flower of thine age, and in the pride of thy 
 years, buxom and full of May. Nature hath prodigally 
 enriched thee with her favours, and virtue made thee the 
 mirror of her excellence ; and now, through the decree of 
 the unjust stars, to have all these good parts nipped in the 
 blade, and blemished by the inconstancy of fortune ! Ah, 
 Rosader, could I help thee, my grief were the less, and 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 59 
 
 happy should my death be, if it might be the beginning of 
 thy relief: but seeing we perish both in one extreme, it is 
 a double sorrow. What shall I do ? prevent the sight of his 
 further misfortune with a present dispatch of mine own life ? 
 Ah, despair is a merciless sin ! ' 
 
 As he was ready to go forward in his passion, he looked 
 earnestly on Rosader, and seeing him change colour, he rise 
 up and went to him, and holding his temples, said : 
 
 * What cheer, master ? though all fail, let not the heart 
 faint: the courage of a man is showed in the resolution of 
 his death.* 
 
 At these words Rosader lifted up his eye, and looking on 
 Adam Spencer, began to weep. 
 
 * Ah, Adam,' quoth he, * I sorrow not to die, but I grieve at 
 the manner of my death. Might I with my lance encounter 
 the enemy, and so die in the field, it were honour and 
 content: might I, Adam, combate with some wild beast 
 and perish as his prey, I were satisfied ; but to die with 
 hunger, O Adam, it is the extremest of all extremes ! ' 
 
 * Master,' quoth he, * you see we are both in one predicament, 
 and long I cannot live without meat ; seeing tlierefore we 
 can find no food, let the death of the one preserve the life 
 of the other. I am old, and overworn with age, you are 
 young, and are the hope of many honours : let me then die, I 
 will presently cut my veins, and, master, with the warm 
 blood relieve your fainting spirits : suck on that till I end, 
 and you be comforted.' 
 
6o ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 With that Adam Spencer was ready to pull out his knife, 
 when Rosader full of courage, though very faint, rose up, and 
 wished Adam Spencer to sit there till his return; *for my 
 mind gives me,' quoth he, *I shall bring thee meat.* With 
 that, like a madman, he rose up, and ranged up and down 
 the woods, seeking to encounter some wild beast with his 
 rapier, that either he might carry his friend Adam food, or 
 else pledge his life in pawn for his loyalty. 
 
 It chanced that day, that Gerismond, the lawful king of 
 France banished by Torismond, who with a lusty crew of 
 outlaws lived in that forest, that day in honour of his birth 
 made a feast to all his bold yeomen, and frolicked it with 
 store of wine and venison, sitting all at a long table under the 
 shadow of limon trees. To that place by chance fortune 
 conducted Rosader, who seeing such a crew of brave men, 
 having store of that for want of which he and Adam 
 perished, he stepped boldly to the board's end, and saluted 
 the company thus : 
 
 * Whatsoever thou be that art master of these lusty squires, 
 I salute thee as graciously as a man in extreme distress 
 may : know that I and a fellow-friend of mine are here 
 famished in the forest for want of food : perish we must, 
 unless relieved by thy favours. Therefore, if thou be a 
 gentleman,, give meat to men, and to such men as are every 
 way worthy of life. Let the proudest squire that sits at thy 
 table rise and encounter with me in any honourable point of 
 activity whatsoever, and if he and thou prove me not a man, 
 
EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 61 
 
 send me away comfortless. If thou refuse this, as a niggard 
 of thy cates, I will have amongst you with my sword ; for 
 rather will I die valiantly, than perish with so cowardly an 
 extreme.' 
 
 Gerismond, looking him earnestly in the face, and seeing 
 so proper a gentleman in so bitter a passion, was moved with 
 so great pity, that rising from the table, he took him by the 
 hand and bad him welcome, willing him to sit down in his 
 place, and in his room not only to eat his fill, but be lord 
 of the feast. 
 
 * Gramercy, sir,' quoth Rosader, < but I have a feeble 
 friend that lies hereby famished almost for food, aged and 
 therefore less able to abide the extremity of hunger than my- 
 self, and dishonour it were for me to taste one crumb, before 
 I made him partner of my fortunes : therefore I will run and 
 fetch him, and then I will gratefully accept of your proffer.' 
 
 Away hies Rosader to Adam Spencer, and tells him the 
 news, who was glad of so happy fortune, but so feeble he 
 was that he could not go ; whereupon Rosader got him up 
 on his back, and brought him to the place. Which when 
 Gerismond and his men saw, they greatly applauded their 
 league of friendship ; and Rosader, having Gerismond's place 
 assigned him, would not sit there himself, but set down 
 Adam Spencer. Well, to be short, those hungry squires fell 
 to their victuals, and feasted themselves with good delicates, 
 and great store of wine. As soon as they had taken their 
 repast, Gerismond, desirous to hear what hard fortune drave 
 
62 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 them into those bitter extremes, requested Rosader to 
 discourse, if it were not any way prejudicial unto him, the 
 cause of his travel. Rosader, desirous any way to satisfy the 
 courtesy of his favourable host, first beginning his exordium 
 with a volley of sighs, and a few lukewarm tears, prosecuted 
 his discourse, and told him from point to point all his 
 fortunes : how he was the youngest son of Sir John of 
 Bordeaux, his name Rosader, how his brother sundry times 
 had wronged him, and lastly how, for beating the sheriff 
 and hurting his men, he fled. 
 
 * And this old man,' quoth he, * whom I so much love and 
 honour, is surnamed Adam Spencer, an old servant of my 
 father's, and one, that for his love, never failed me in all my 
 misfortunes.' 
 
 When Gerismond heard this, he fell on the neck of 
 Rosader, and next discoursing unto him how he was 
 Gerismond their lawful king exiled by Torismond, what 
 familiarity had ever been betwixt his father. Sir John of 
 Bordeaux, and him, how faithful a subject he lived, and 
 how honourable he died, promising, for his sake, to give 
 both him and his friend such courteous entertainment as his 
 present estate could minister, and upon this made him one of 
 his foresters. Rosader seeing it was the king, craved pardon 
 for his boldness, in that he did not do him due reverence, 
 and humbly gave him thanks for his favourable courtesy. 
 Gerismond, not satisfied yet with news, began to inquire if he 
 had been lately in the court of Torismond, and whether he 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 63 
 
 had seen his daughter Rosalynde or no ? At this Rosader 
 fetched a deep sigh, and shedding many tears, could not 
 answer : yet at last, gathering his spirits together, he revealed 
 unto the king, how Rosalynde was banished, and how there 
 was such a sympathy of affections between Alinda and her, 
 that she chose rather to be partaker of her exile, than to 
 part fellowship ; whereupon the unnatural king banished them 
 both : * and now they are wandered none knows whither, 
 neither could any learn since their departure, the place of 
 their abode.' This news drave the king into a great 
 melancholy, that presently he arose from all the company, 
 and went into his privy chamber, so secret as the harbour of 
 the woods would allow him. The company was all dashed 
 at these tidings, and Rosader and Adam Spencer, having 
 such opportunity, went to take their rest. Where we leave 
 them, and return again to Torismond. 
 
 The flight of Rosader came to the ears of Torismond, 
 who hearing that Saladyne was sole heir of the lands of 
 Sir John of Bordeaux, desirous to possess such fair revenues, 
 found just occasion to quarrel with Saladyne about the 
 wrongs he proffered to his brother : and therefore, dispatching 
 a herehault, he sent for Saladyne in all post-haste. Who 
 marvelling what the matter should be, began to examine his 
 own conscience, wherein he had offended his highness ; but 
 emboldened with his innocence, he boldly went with the here- 
 hault unto the court ; where, as soon as he came, he was not 
 admitted into the presence of the king, but presently sent to 
 
64 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 prison. This greatly amazed Saladyne, chiefly in that the 
 jailer had a straight charge over him, to see that he should 
 be close prisoner. Many passionate thoughts came in his head, 
 till at last he began to fall into consideration of his former 
 follies, and to meditate with himself. Leaning his head on 
 his hand, and his elbow on his knee, full of sorrow, grief and 
 disquieted passions, he resolved into these terms: 
 
 * Unhappy Saladyne ! whom folly hath led to these mis- 
 fortunes, and wanton desires wrapped within the labyrinth of 
 Saladyne' s these calamities ! Are not the heavens doomers 
 complaint. of men's deeds ; and holds not God a balance 
 
 in his fist, to reward with favour, and revenge with justice ? 
 O Saladyne, the faults of thy youth, as they were fond, 
 so were they foul, and not only discovering little nurture, but 
 blemishing the excellence of nature. Whelps of one litter are 
 ever most loving, and brothers that are sons of one father 
 should live in ^friendship without jar. O Saladyne, so it 
 should be ; but thou hast with the deer fed against the 
 wind, with the crab strove against the stream, and sought 
 to pervert nature by unkindness. Rosader's wrongs, the 
 wrongs of Rosader, Saladyne, cries for revenge ; his youth 
 pleads to God to inflict some penance upon thee ; his virtues 
 are pleas that enforce writs of displeasure to cross thee : thou 
 hast highly abused thy kind and natural brother, and the 
 heavens cannot spare to quite thee with punishment. There 
 is no sting to the worm of conscience, no hell to a mind 
 touched with guilt. Every wrong I offered him, called now to 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 65 
 
 remembrance, wringeth a drop of blood from my heart, every 
 bad look, every frown pincheth me at the quick, and says, 
 " Saladyne thou hast sinned against Rosader." Be penitent, 
 and assign thyself some penance to discover thy sorrow, 
 and pacify his wrath.' 
 
 In the depth of his passion, he was sent for to the king, 
 who with a look that threatened death entertained him, and 
 demanded of him where his brother was. Salaayne made 
 answer, that upon some riot made against the sheriff of 
 the shire, he was fled from Bordeaux, but he knew not 
 whither. 
 
 * Nay, villain,' quoth he, * I have heard of the wrongs 
 thou hast proffered thy brother since the death of thy father, 
 and by thy means have I lost a most brave and resolute chevalier. 
 Therefore, in justice to punish thee, I spare thy life for thy 
 father's sake, but banish thee for ever from the court and 
 country of France ; and see thy departure be within ten 
 days, else trust me thou shalt lose thy head.' 
 
 And with that the king flew away in a rage, and left poor 
 Saladyne greatly perplexed ; who grieving at his exile, yet 
 determined to bear it with patience, and in penance of his 
 former follies to travel abroad in every coast till he had found 
 out his brother Rosader. With whom now I begin. 
 
 Rosader, being thus preferred to the place of a forester 
 by Gerismond, rooted out the remembrance of his brother's 
 unkindness by continual exercise, traversing the groves and 
 wild forests, partly to hear the melody of the sweet birds 
 
66 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 which recorded, and partly to show his diligent endeavour 
 in his master^s behalf. Yet whatsoever he did, or howso- 
 ever he walked, the lively image of Rosalynde remained in 
 memory : on her sweet perfections he fed his thoughts, 
 proving himself like the eagle a true-born bird, since as the 
 one is known by beholding the sun, so was he by regarding 
 excellent beauty. One day among the rest, finding a fit 
 opportunity and place convenient, desirous to discover his woes 
 to the woods, he engraved with his knife on the bark of a 
 myrtle tree, this pretty estimate of his mistress' perfection : 
 
 SONETTO 
 
 Of all chaste birds the Phoenix doth excell, 
 Of all strong beasts the lion bears the bell, 
 Of all sweet flowers the rose doth sweetest smell, 
 Of all fair maids my Rosalynde is fairest. 
 
 Of all pure metals gold is only purest, 
 
 Of all high trees the pine hath highest crest, 
 
 Of all soft sweets I like my mistress' breast, 
 
 Of all chaste thoughts my mistress' thoughts are rarest. 
 
 Of all proud birds the eagle pleaseth Jove, 
 Of pretty fowls kind Venus likes the dove, 
 Of trees Minerva doth the olive love. 
 Of all sweet nymphs I honour Rosalynde. 
 
 Of all her gifts her wisdom pleaseth most. 
 Of all her graces virtue she doth boast : 
 For all these gifts my life and joy is lost, 
 If Rosalynde prove cruel and unkind. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 67 
 
 In these and such like passions Rosader did every day 
 eternize the name of his Rosalynde ; and this day especially 
 when Aliena and Ganymede, enforced by the heat of the sun 
 to seek for shelter, by good fortune arrived in that place, 
 where this amorous forester registered his melancholy passions. 
 They saw the sudden change of his looks, his folded arms, 
 his passionate sighs : they heard him often abruptly call on 
 Rosalynde, who, poor soul, was as hotly burned as himself, 
 but that she shrouded her pains in the cinders of honourable 
 modesty. Whereupon, guessing him to be in love, and 
 according to the nature of their sex being pitiful in that 
 behalf, they suddenly brake off his melancholy by their 
 approach, and Ganymede shook him out of his dumps thus : 
 
 * What news, forester ? hast thou wounded some deer, 
 and lost him in the fall ? Care not man for so small a loss : 
 thy fees was but the skin, the shoulder, and the horns : 'tis 
 hunter's luck to aim fair and miss ; and a woodman's 
 fortune to strike and yet go without the game.' 
 
 * Thou art beyond the mark, Ganymede,' quoth Aliena : 
 * his passions are greater, and his sighs discovers more loss : 
 perhaps in traversing these thickets, he hath seen some 
 beautiful nymph, and is grown amorous.' 
 
 * It may be so,' quoth Ganymede, * for here he hath newly 
 engraven some sonnet : come, and see the discourse of the 
 forester's poems.' 
 
 Reading the sonnet over, and hearing him name Rosalynde, 
 Aliena looked on Ganymede and laughed, and Ganymede 
 
68 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 looking back on the forester, and seeing it was Rosader, 
 blushed ; yet thinking to shroud all under her page's apparel, 
 she boldly returned to Rosader, and began thus : 
 
 * I pray thee tell me, forester, what is this Rosalynde for 
 whom thou pinest away in such passions ? Is she some 
 nymph that waits upon Diana's train, whose chastity thou 
 hast deciphered in such epithets ? Or is she some shep- 
 herdess that haunts these plains whose beauty hath so 
 bewitched thy fancy, whose name thou shadowest in covert 
 under the figure of Rosalynde, as Ovid did Julia under the 
 name of Corinna ? Or say me forsooth, is it that Rosalynde, 
 of whom we shepherds have heard talk, she, forester, that 
 is the daughter of Gerismond, that once was king, and now 
 an outlaw in the forest of Arden ? ' 
 
 At this Rosader fetched a deep sigh, and said ; 
 
 * It is she, O gentle swain, it is she ; that saint it is whom 
 I serve, that goddess at whose shrine I do bend all my 
 devotions ; the most fairest of all fairs, the phoenix of all 
 that sex, and the purity of all earthly perfection.' 
 
 *And why, gentle forester, if she be so beautiful, and 
 thou so amorous, is there such a disagreement in thy thoughts ? 
 Happily she resembleth the rose, that is sweet but full of 
 prickles ? or the serpent Regius that hath scales as glorious 
 as the sun and a breath as infectious as the Aconitum is 
 deadly ? So thy Rosalynde may be most amiable and yet 
 unkind ; full of favour and yet froward, coy without wit, 
 and disdainful without reason.' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 69 
 
 *0 Shepherd/ quoth Rosader, *knewest thou her 
 personage, graced with the excellence of all perfection, 
 being a harbour wherein the graces shroud their virtues, thou 
 wouldest not breathe out such blasphemy against the beauteous 
 Rosalynde. She is a diamond, bright but not hard, yet of 
 most chaste operation ; a pearl so orient, that it can be 
 stained with no blemish ; a rose without prickles, and a 
 princess absolute as well in beauty as in virtue. But I, 
 unhappy I, have let mine eye soar with the eagle against so 
 bright a sun that I am quite blind ; I have with Apollo 
 enamoured myself of a Daphne, not, as she, disdainful, but 
 far more chaste than Daphne : I have with Ixion laid my 
 love on Juno, and shall, I fear, embrace nought but a cloud. 
 Ah, Shepherd, I have reached at a star : my desires have 
 mounted above my degree, and my thoughts above my fortunes. 
 I being a peasant, have ventured to gaze on a princess, whose 
 honours are too high to vouchsafe such base loves.' 
 
 *Why, forester,' quoth Ganymede, * comfort thyself; be 
 blithe and frolic man. Love souseth as low as she soareth 
 high : Cupid shoots at a rag as soon as at a robe ; and 
 Venus' eye that was so curious, sparkled favour on pole- 
 footed Vulcan. Fear not, man, women's looks are not tied 
 to dignity's feathers, nor make they curious esteem where 
 the stone is found, but what is the virtue. Fear not, 
 forester ; faint heart never won fair lady. But where lives 
 Rosalynde now ? at the court ? ' 
 
 *Oh no,' quoth Rosader, *she lives I know not where, and 
 
TO ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 that is my sorrow ; banished by Torismond, and that is my 
 hell : for might I but find her sacred personage, and plead 
 before the bar of her pity the plaint of my passions, hope tells 
 me she would grace me with some favour, and that would 
 suffice as a recompense of all my former miseries.' 
 
 *Much have I heard of thy mistress' excellence, and I know, 
 forester, thou canst describe her at the full, as one that hast 
 surveyed all her parts with a curious eye ; then do me that 
 favour, to tell me what her perfections be.' 
 
 *That I will,' quoth Rosader, *for I glory to make all ears 
 wonder at my mistress' excellence.' 
 
 And with that he pulled a paper forth his bosom, wherein 
 he read this : 
 
 Rosalynde's Description 
 
 Like to the clear in highest sphere 
 Where all imperial glory shines, 
 Of selfsame colour is her hair, 
 Whether unfolded or in twines : 
 
 Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
 Her eyes are sapphires set in snow, 
 Refining heaven by every wink : 
 The gods do fear whenas they glow, 
 And I do tremble when I think : 
 
 Heigh ho, would she were mine. 
 
 Her cheeks are like the blushing cloud 
 That beautifies Aurora's face. 
 Or like the silver crimson shroud 
 That Phoebus' smiling looks doth grace : 
 Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
 
EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 71 
 
 Her lips are like two budded roses, 
 Whom ranks of lilies neighbour nigh, 
 Within which bounds she balm encloses, 
 Apt to entice a deity : 
 
 Heigh ho, would she were mine. 
 
 Her neck, like to a stately tower 
 Where love himself imprisoned lies, 
 To watch for glances every hour 
 From her divine and sacred eyes : 
 
 Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
 Her paps are centres of delight, 
 Her paps are orbs of heavenly frame, 
 Where nature moulds the dew of light, 
 To feed perfection with the same : 
 
 Heigh ho, would she were mine. 
 
 With orient pearl, with ruby red. 
 With marble white, with sapphire blue, 
 Her body every way is fed, 
 Yet soft in touch, and sweet in view : 
 
 Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
 Nature herself her shape admires. 
 The gods are wounded in her sight. 
 And Love forsakes his heavenly fires 
 And at her eyes his brand doth light : 
 
 Heigh ho, would she were mine. 
 
 Then muse not, nymphs, though I bemoan 
 The absence of fair Rosalynde, 
 Since for her fair there is fairer none, 
 Nor for her virtues so divine: 
 
 Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
 Heigh ho, my heart, would God that she were mine 1 
 Periit, quia deperibat. 
 
72 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * Believe me,' quoth Ganymede, * either the forester is 
 an exquisite painter, or Rosalynde far above wonder ; so it 
 makes me blush to hear how women should be so excellent, 
 and pages so unperfect/ 
 
 Rosader beholding her earnestly, answered thus : 
 
 * Truly, gentle page, thou hast cause to complain thee 
 wert thou the substance, but resembling the shadow content 
 thyself; for it is excellence enough to be like the excellence 
 of nature/ 
 
 * He hath answered you, Ganymede,' quoth Aliena, * it is 
 enough for pages to wait on beautiful ladies, and not to be 
 beautiful themselves.' 
 
 * O mistress,' quoth Ganymede, * hold you your peace, 
 for you are partial. Who knows not, but that all women have 
 desire to tie sovereignty to their petticoats, and ascribe beauty 
 to themselves, where, if boys might put on their garments, 
 perhaps they would prove as comely ; if not as comely, it may 
 be more courteous. But tell me, forester,' and with that she 
 turned to Rosader, * under whom maintainest thou thy walk ? ' 
 
 * Gentle swain, under the king of outlaws,' said he, 
 * the unfortunate Gerismond, who having lost his kingdom, 
 crowneth his thoughts with content, accounting it better 
 to govern among poor men in peace, than great men in 
 danger.' 
 
 * But hast thou not,' said she, * having so melancholy oppor- 
 tunities as this forest afFordeth thee, written more sonnets in 
 commendations of thy mistress ? ' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 73 
 
 * I have, gentle swain,' quoth he, * but they be not about 
 me. To-morrow by dawn of day, if your flocks feed in these 
 pastures, I will bring them you, wherein you shall read my 
 passions whilst I feel them, judge my patience when you read 
 it : till when I bid farewell.' So giving both Ganymede 
 and Aliena a gentle good-night, he resorted to his lodge, 
 leaving Aliena and Ganymede to their prittle-prattle. 
 
 * So Ganymede,' said Aliena, the forester being gone, * you 
 are mightily beloved ; men make ditties in your praise, spend 
 sighs for your sake, make an idol of your beauty. Believe 
 me, it grieves me not a little to see the poor man so 
 pensive, and you so pitiless.' 
 
 * Ah, Aliena,' quoth she, * be not peremptory in your 
 judgments. I hear Rosalynde praised as I am Ganymede, 
 but were I Rosalynde, I could answer the forester : if he 
 mourn for love, there are medicines for love ; Rosalynde 
 cannot be fair and unkind. And so, madam, you see it is 
 time to fold our flocks, or else Corydon will frown and say 
 you will never prove good housewife.' 
 
 With that they put their sheep into the cotes, and went 
 home to her friend Corydon's cottage, Aliena as merry as 
 might be that she was thus in the company of her Rosalynde ; 
 but she, poor soul, that had love her lodestar, and her 
 thoughts set on fire with the flame of fancy, could take no 
 rest, but being alone began to consider what passionate 
 penance poor Rosader was enjoined to by love and fortune, 
 that at last she fell into this humour with herself: 
 
74 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 *Ah, Rosalynde, how the Fates have set down in their 
 synod to make thee unhappy : for when Fortune hath done 
 „ , , her worst, then Love comes in to begin a new 
 
 Rosalynde ° 
 
 passionate tragedy : she seeks to lodge her son in thine 
 alone. ^y^^ and to kindle her fires in thy bosom. 
 
 Beware, fond girl, he is an unruly guest to harbour ; for 
 cutting in by entreats, he will not be thrust out by force, 
 and her fires are fed with such fuel, as no water is able to 
 quench. Seest thou not how Venus seeks to wrap thee in her 
 labyrinth, wherein is pleasure at the entrance, but within, 
 sorrows, cares, and discontent ? She is a Siren, stop thine 
 ears to her melody ; she is a basilisk, shut thy eyes and 
 gaze not at her lest thou perish. Thou art now placed 
 in the country content, where are heavenly thoughts and 
 mean desires : in those lawns where thy flocks feed Diana 
 haunts : be as her nymphs chaste, and enemy to love, for 
 there is no greater honour to a maid, than to account of fancy 
 as a mortal foe to their sex. Daphne, that bonny wench, 
 was not turned into a bay tree, as the poets feign : but for 
 her chastity her fame was immortal, resembling the laurel 
 that is ever green. Follow thou her steps, Rosalynde, and 
 the rather, for that thou art an exile, and banished from the 
 court ; whose distress, and it is appeased with patience, so it 
 would be renewed with amorous passions. Have mind on 
 thy forepassed fortunes ; fear the worst, and entangle not 
 thyself with present fancies, lest loving in haste, thou repent 
 thee at leisure. Ah, but yet, Rosalynde, it is Rosader that 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 75 
 
 courts thee ; one who as he is beautiful, so he is virtuous, 
 and harboureth in his mind as many good qualities as his 
 face is shadowed with gracious favours ; and therefore, 
 Rosalynde, stoop to love, lest, being either too coy or too 
 cruel, Venus wax wroth, and plague thee with the reward 
 of disdain/ 
 
 Rosalynde, thus passionate, was wakened from her dumps 
 by Aliena, who said it was time to go to bed. Corydon 
 swore that was true, for Charles' Wain was risen in the 
 north. Whereupon each taking leave of other, went to their 
 rest, all but the poor Rosalynde, who was so full of passions, 
 that she could not possess any content. Well, leaving her 
 to her broken slumbers, expect what was performed by them 
 the next morning. 
 
 The sun was no sooner stepped from the bed of Aurora, 
 but Aliena was wakened by Ganymede, who, restless all 
 night, had tossed in her passions, saying it was then time 
 to go to the field to unfold their sheep. Aliena, that spied 
 where the hare was by the hounds, and could see day at a 
 little hole, thought to be pleasant with her Ganymede, and 
 therefore replied thus : 
 
 * What, wanton ! the sun is but new up, and as yet Iris' 
 riches lie folded in the bosom of Flora : Phoebus hath not 
 dried up the pearled dew, and so long Corydon hath taught 
 me, it is not fit to lead the sheep abroad, lest, the dew 
 being unwholesome, they get the rot : but now see I the old 
 proverb true, he is in haste whom the devil drives, and where 
 
76 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 love pricks forward, there is no worse death than delay. 
 Ah, my good page, is there fancy in thine eye, and passions 
 in thy heart ? What, hast thou wrapt love in thy looks, and 
 set all thy thoughts on fire by affection ? I tell thee, it is a 
 flame as hard to be quenched as that of Aetna. But nature 
 must have her course : women's eyes have faculty attractive 
 like the jet, and retentive like the diamond : they dally in 
 the delight of fair objects, till gazing on the panther's beauti- 
 ful skin, repenting experience tell them he hath a devouring 
 paunch.' 
 
 * Come on,' quoth Ganymede, < this sermon of yours is 
 but a subtlety to lie still a-bed, because either you think the 
 morning cold, or else I being gone, you would steal a nap : 
 this shift carries no palm, and therefore up and away. And 
 for Love, let me alone ; I'll whip him away with nettles, and 
 set disdain as a charm to withstand his forces : and therefore 
 look you to yourself; be not too bold, for Venus can make 
 you bend, nor too coy, for Cupid hath a piercing dart, that 
 will make you cry Peccavi.* 
 
 *And that is it,' quoth Aliena, *that hath raised you so early 
 this morning.' And with that she slipped on her petticoat, 
 and start up ; and as soon as she had made her ready, and 
 taken her breakfast, away go these two with their bag and 
 bottles to the field, in more pleasant content of mind than 
 ever they were in the court of Torismond. 
 
 They came no sooner nigh the folds, but they might 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 77 
 
 see where their discontented forester was walking in his 
 melancholy. As soon as Aliena saw him, she smiled and 
 said to Ganymede : 
 
 * Wipe your eyes, sweeting, for yonder is your sweet- 
 heart this morning in deep prayers, no doubt, to Venus, 
 that she may make you as pitiful as he is passionate. Come 
 on, Ganymede, I pray thee, let's have a little sport with 
 him.' 
 
 * Content,' quoth Ganymede, and with that, to waken him 
 out of his deep memento^ he began thus : 
 
 * Forester, good fortune to thy thoughts, and ease to thy 
 passions. What makes you so early abroad this morn ? in 
 contemplation, no doubt, of your Rosalynde. Take heed, 
 forester ; step not too far, the ford may be deep, and you slip 
 over the shoes. I tell thee, flies have their spleen, the ants 
 choler, the least hairs shadows, and the smallest loves great 
 desires. 'Tis good, forester, to love, but not to overlove, 
 lest in loving her that likes not thee, thou fold thyself in 
 an endless labyrinth.' 
 
 Rosader, seeing the fair shepherdess and her pretty swain 
 in whose company he felt the greatest ease of his care, he 
 returned them a salute on this manner : 
 
 * Gentle shepherds, all hail, and as healthful be your 
 flocks as you happy in content. Love is restless, and my 
 bed is but the cell of my bane, in that there I find busy 
 thoughts and broken slumbers : here, although everywhere 
 
78 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 passionate, yet I brook love with more patience, in that 
 every object feeds mine eye with variety of fancies. When 
 I look on Flora's beauteous tapestry, checked with the 
 pride of all her treasure, I call to mind the fair face of 
 Rosalynde, whose heavenly hue exceeds the rose and the 
 lily in their highest excellence : the brightness of Phoebus' 
 shine puts me in mind to think of the sparkling flames that 
 flew from her eyes, and set my heart first on fire : the sweet 
 harmony of the birds, puts me in remembrance of the rare 
 melody of her voice, which like the Siren enchanteth the 
 ears of the hearer. Thus in contemplation I salve my 
 sorrows, with applying the perfection of every object to 
 the excellence of her qualities.' 
 
 * She is much beholding unto you,' quoth Aliena, * and so 
 much, that I have oft wished with myself, that if I should 
 ever prove as amorous as Oenone, I might find as faithful a 
 Paris as yourself.' 
 
 * How say you by this item, forester ? ' quoth Ganymede, 
 *the fair shepherdess favours you, who is mistress of so 
 many flocks. Leave oflT, man, the supposition of Rosalynde's 
 love, whenas watching at her you rove beyond the moon, 
 and cast your looks upon my mistress, who no doubt is as 
 fair though not so royal ; one bird in the hand is worth two 
 in the wood : better possess the love of Aliena than catch 
 furiously at the shadow of Rosalynde.' 
 
 < I'll tell thee boy,' quoth Rosader, * so is my fancy fixed 
 on my Rosalynde, that were thy mistress as fair as Leda or 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 79 
 
 Danae, whom Jove courted in transformed shapes, mine eyes 
 would not vouch to entertain their beauties ; and so hath 
 love locked me in her perfections, that I had rather only con- 
 template in her beauties, than absolutely possess the excellence 
 of any other.' 
 
 * Venus is to blame, forester, if having so true a servant of 
 you, she reward you not with Rosalynde, if Rosalynde were 
 more fairer than herself. But leaving this prattle, now I'll 
 put you in mind of your promise about those sonnets, which 
 you said were at home in your lodge.' 
 
 * I have them about me,' quoth Rosader, * let us sit down, 
 and then you shall hear what a poetical fury love will infuse 
 into a man.' With that they sate down upon a green bank, 
 shadowed with fig trees, and Rosader, fetching a deep sigh, 
 read them this sonnet : 
 
 Rosader's Sonnet 
 
 In sorrow's cell I laid me down to sleep, 
 
 But waking woes were jealous of mine eyes, 
 They made them watch, and bend themselves to weep, 
 But weeping tears their want could not suffice : 
 Yet since for her they wept who guides my heart. 
 They weeping smile, and triumph in their smart. 
 
 Of these my tears a fountain fiercely springs. 
 
 Where Venus bains herself incensed with love, 
 Where Cupid bowseth his fair feathered wings ; 
 But I behold what pains I must approve. 
 
 Care drinks it dry ; but when on her I think, 
 Love makes me weep it full unto the brink. 
 
8o ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Meanwhile my sighs yield truce unto my tears, 
 
 By them the winds increased and fiercely blow : 
 Yet when I sigh the flame more plain appears, 
 
 And by their force with greater power doth glow : 
 Amid these pains, all phoenix-like I thrive 
 Since love, that yields me death, may life revive. 
 \y Rosader en esperance. 
 
 * Now, surely, forester,' quoth Aliena, * when thou madest 
 this sonnet, thou wert in some amorous quandary, neither 
 too fearful as despairing of thy mistress' favours, nor too 
 gleesome as hoping in thy fortunes.' 
 
 * I can smile,' quoth Ganymede, * at the sonettos, canzones, 
 madrigals, rounds and roundelays, that these pensive patients 
 pour out when their eyes are more full of wantonness, than 
 their hearts of passions. Then, as the fishers put the sweetest 
 bait to the fairest fish, so these Ovidians, holding amo in 
 their tongues, when their thoughts come at haphazard, write 
 that they be rapt in an endless labyrinth of sorrow, when 
 walking in the large lease of liberty, they only have their 
 humours in their inkpot. If they find women so fond, that 
 they will with such painted lures come to their lust, then they 
 triumph till they be full-gorged with pleasures ; and then fly 
 they away, like ramage kites, to their own content, leaving 
 the tame fool, their mistress, full of fancy, yet without 
 even a feather. If they miss, as dealing with some wary 
 wanton, that wants not such a one as themselves, but spies 
 their subtlety, they end their amours with a few feigned sighs ; 
 and so their excuse is, their mistress is cruel, and they 
 
EUPHUES^ GOLDEN LEGACY 8i 
 
 smother passions with patience. Such, gentle forester, we 
 may deem you to be, that rather pass away the time here 
 in these woods with writing amorets, than to be deeply 
 enamoured, as you say, of your Rosalynde. If you be such 
 a one, then I pray God, when you think your fortunes at 
 the highest, and your desires to be most excellent, then that 
 you may with Ixion embrace Juno in a cloud, and have 
 nothing but a marble mistress to release your martyrdom ; 
 but if you be true and trusty, eye-pained and heart-sick, then 
 accursed be Rosalynde if she prove cruel : for, forester, I 
 flatter not, thou art worthy of as fair as she.' Aliena, 
 spying the storm by the wind, smiled to see how Gany- 
 mede flew to the fist without any call ; but Rosader, 
 who took him flat for a shepherd's swain, made him this 
 answer : 
 
 * Trust me, swain,' quoth Rosader, * but my canzon was 
 written in no such humour ; for mine eye and my heart are 
 relatives, the one drawing fancy by sight, the other entertain- 
 ing her by sorrow. If thou sawest my Rosaylnde, with what 
 beauties nature hath favoured her, with what perfection the 
 heavens hath graced her, with what qualities the gods have 
 endued her, then wouldst thou say, there is none so fickle that 
 could be fleeting unto her. If she had been Aeneas' Dido, 
 had Venus and Juno both scolded him from Carthage, yet 
 her excellence, despite of them, would have detained him 
 at Tyre. If Phyllis had been as beauteous, or Ariadne as 
 virtuous, or both as honourable and excellent as she, neither 
 
 G 
 
82 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 had the filbert tree sorrowed in the death of despairing 
 Phyllis, nor the stars been graced with Ariadne, but 
 Demophoon and Theseus had been trusty to their paragons. 
 I will tell thee, swain, if with a deep insight thou couldst 
 pierce into the secret of my loves, and see what deep im- 
 pressions of her idea affection hath made in my heart, then 
 wouldst thou confess I were passing passionate, and no less 
 endued with admirable patience.* 
 
 *Why,' quoth Aliena, * needs there patience in 
 love ? ' 
 
 * Or else in nothing,' quoth Rosader ; * for it is a restless 
 sore that hath no ease, a canker that still frets, a disease 
 that taketh away all hope of sleep. If then so many 
 sorrows, sudden joys, momentary pleasures, continual fears, 
 daily griefs, and nightly woes be found in love, then is 
 not he to be accounted patient that smothers all these 
 passions with silence ? ' 
 
 *Thou speakest by experience,' quoth Ganymede, *and 
 therefore we hold all thy words for axioms. But is love 
 such a lingering malady ? ' 
 
 * It is,' quoth he, * either extreme or mean, according to 
 the mind of the party that entertains it ; for, as the weeds 
 grow longer untouched than the pretty flowers, and the flint 
 lies safe in the quarry when the emerald is suffering the 
 lapidary's tool, so mean men are freed from Venus' injuries, 
 when kings are environed with a labyrinth of her cares. 
 The whiter the lawn is, the deeper is the mole ; the more 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 83 
 
 purer the chrysolite, the sooner stained ; and such as have 
 their hearts full of honour, have their loves full of the greatest 
 sorrows. But in whomsoever,' quoth Rosader, * he lixeth his 
 dart, he never leaveth to assault him, till either he hath won 
 him to folly or fancy ; for as the moon never goes without 
 the star Lunisequa, so a lover never goeth without the unrest 
 of his thoughts. For proof you shall hear another fancy 
 of my making.' 
 
 * Now do, gentle forester,' quoth Ganymede ; and with 
 that he read over this sonetto : 
 
 Rosader's second 80NETTO 
 
 Turn I my looks unto the skies, 
 
 Love with his arrows wounds mine eyes; 
 
 If so I gaze upon the ground, 
 
 Love then in every flower is found. 
 
 Search I the shade to fly my pain, 
 
 He meets me in the shade again ; 
 
 Wend I to walk in secret grove, 
 
 Even there I meet with sacred Love. 
 
 If so I bain me in the spring, 
 
 Even on the brink I hear him sing: 
 
 If so I meditate alone, 
 
 He will be partner of my moan. 
 
 If so I mourn he weeps with me, 
 
 And where I am there will he be. 
 
 Whenas I talk of Rosalynde 
 
 The god from coyness waxeth kind, 
 
 And seems in selfsame flames to fry 
 
 Because he loves as well as I. 
 
84 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Sweet Rosalynde, for pity rue ; 
 For why, than Love I am more true : 
 He, if he speed, will quickly fly, 
 But in thy love I live and die. 
 
 * How like you this sonnet ? ' quoth Rosader. 
 
 < Marry,' quoth Ganymede, <for the pen well, for the 
 passion ill ; for as I praise the one, I pity the other, in that 
 thou shouldst hunt after a cloud, and love either without 
 reward or regard.* 
 
 * 'Tis not her frowardness,' quoth Rosader, ' but my hard 
 fortunes, whose destinies have crossed me with her absence ; 
 for did she feel my loves, she would not let me linger in these 
 sorrows. Women, as they are fair, so they respect faith, 
 and estimate more, if they be honourable, the will than the 
 wealth, having loyalty the object whereat they aim their 
 fancies. But leaving off these interparleys, you shall hear 
 my last sonetto, and then you have heard all my poetry.' 
 And with that he sighed out this : 
 
 Rosader's third Sonnet 
 Of virtuous love myself may boast alone. 
 
 Since no suspect my service may attaint : 
 For perfect fair she is the only one. 
 Whom I esteem for my beloved saint. 
 
 Thus, for my faith I only bear the bell, 
 And for her fair she only doth excel. 
 
 Then let fond Petrarch shroud his Laura's praise. 
 And Tasso cease to publish his affect. 
 
 Since mine the faith confirmed at all assays. 
 And hers the fair, which all men do respect. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 85 
 
 My lines her fair, her fair my faith assures ; 
 Thus I by love, and love by me endures. 
 
 * Thus/ quoth Rosader, * here is an end of my poems, but 
 for all this no release of my passions ; so that I resemble him 
 that in the depth of his distress hath none but the echo 
 to answer him.' 
 
 Ganymede, pitying her Rosader, thinking to drive him 
 out of this amorous melancholy, said that now the sun was 
 in his meridional heat and that it was high noon, * therefore 
 we shepherds say, 'tis time to go to dinner ; for the sun 
 and our stomachs are shepherds' dials. Therefore, forester, 
 if thou wilt take such fare as comes out of our homely scrips, 
 welcome shall answer whatsoever thou wantest in delicates.' 
 
 Aliena took the entertainment by the end, and told Rosader 
 he should be her guest. He thanked them heartily, and sate 
 with them down to dinner, where they had such cates as 
 country state did allow them, sauced with such content, and 
 such sweet prattle, as it seemed far more sweet than all their 
 courtly junkets. 
 
 As soon as they had taken their repast, Rosader, giving 
 them thanks for his good cheer, would have been gone ; but 
 Ganymede, that was loath to let him pass out of her 
 presence, began thus : 
 
 * Nay, forester,' quoth he,* if thy business be not the greater, 
 seeing thou sayest thou art so deeply in love, let me see how 
 thou canst woo : I will represent Rosalynde, and thou shalt 
 be as thou art, Rosader. See in some amorous eclogue. 
 
86 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 how if Rosalynde were present, how thou couldst court her ; 
 and while we sing of love, Aliena shall tune her pipe and 
 play us melody.* 
 
 * Content,' quoth Rosader, and Aliena, she, to show her 
 willingness, drew forth a recorder, and began to wind it. 
 Then the loving forester began thus : 
 
 The wooing Eclogue betwixt Rosalynde and Rosader 
 
 Rosader 
 
 I pray thee, nymph, by all the working words, 
 
 By all the tears and sighs that lovers know, 
 
 Or what or thoughts or faltering tongue affords, 
 
 I crave for mine in ripping up my woe. 
 
 Sweet Rosalynde, my love — would God, my love — 
 
 My life — would God, my life — aye, pity me 1 
 
 Thy lips are kind, and humble like the dove, 
 
 And but with beauty pity will not be. 
 
 Look on mine eyes, made red with rueful tears. 
 
 From whence the rain of true remorse descendeth. 
 
 All pale in looks am I though young in years. 
 
 And nought but love or death my days befriendeth. 
 
 Oh let no stormy rigour knit thy brows. 
 
 Which love appointed for his mercy seat : 
 
 The tallest tree by Boreas' breath it bows ; 
 
 The iron yields with hammer, and to heat. 
 
 O Rosalynde, then be thou pitiful. 
 
 For Rosalynde is only beautiful. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 Love's wantons arm their trait'rous suits with tears, 
 With vows, with oaths, with looks, with showers of gold ; 
 But when the fruit of their affects appears. 
 The simple heart by subtle sleights is sold. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 87 
 
 Thus sucks the yielding ear the poisoned bait, 
 Thus feeds the heart upon his endless harms, 
 Thus glut the thoughts themselves on self-deceit, 
 Thus blind the eyes their sight by subtle charms. 
 The lovely looks, the sighs that storm so sore, 
 The dew of deep-dissembled doubleness. 
 These may attempt, but are of power no more 
 Where beauty leans to wit and soothfastness. 
 
 O Rosader, then be thou wittiful, 
 
 For Rosalynde scorns foolish pitiful. 
 
 Rosader 
 
 I pray thee, Rosalynde, by those sweet eyes 
 That stain the sun in shine, the morn in clear, 
 By those sweet cheeks where Love encamped lies 
 To kiss the roses of the springing year. 
 I tempt thee, Rosalynde, by ruthful plaints. 
 Not seasoned with deceit or fraudful guile. 
 But firm in pain, far more than tongue depaints, 
 Sweet nymph, be kind, and grace me with a smile. 
 So may the heavens preserve from hurtful food 
 Thy harmless flocks ; so may the summer yield 
 The pride of all her riches and her good, 
 To fat thy sheep, the citizens of field. 
 Oh, leave to arm thy lovely brows with scorn : 
 The birds their beak, the lion hath his tail. 
 And lovers nought but sighs and bitter mourn, 
 The spotless fort of fancy to assail. 
 
 O Rosalynde, then be thou pitiful. 
 
 For Rosalynde is only beautiful. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 The hardened steel by fire is brought in frame. 
 
88 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Rosader 
 
 And Rosalynde, my love, than any wool more softer ; 
 And shall not sighs her tender heart inflame ? 
 
 Rosalynde 
 Were lovers true, maids would believe them ofter. 
 
 Rosader 
 Truth, and regard, and honour, guide my love. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 Fain would I trust, but yet I dare not try. 
 
 Rosader 
 Oh pity me, sweet nymph, and do but prove. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 I would resist, but yet I know not why. 
 
 Rosader 
 
 O Rosalynde, be kind, for times will change, 
 Thy looks ay nill be fair as now they be ; 
 Thine age from beauty may thy looks estrange : 
 Ah, yield in time, sweet nymph, and pity me. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 
 O Rosalynde, thou must be pitiful, 
 For Rosader is young and beautiful. 
 
 Rosader 
 Oh, gain more great than kingdoms or a crown I 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 89 
 
 Rosalynde 
 Oh, trust betrayed if Rosader abuse me. 
 
 Rosader 
 
 First let the heavens conspire to pull me down 
 And heaven and earth as abject quite refuse me. 
 Let sorrows stream about my hateful bower, 
 And restless horror hatch within my breast : 
 Let beauty's eye afflict me with a lour. 
 Let deep despair pursue me without rest, 
 Ere Rosalynde my loyalty disprove, 
 Ere Rosalynde accuse me for unkind. 
 
 Rosalynde 
 
 Then Rosalynde will grace thee with her love, 
 Then Rosalynde will have thee still in mind. 
 
 Rosader 
 
 Then let me triumph more than Tithon's dear. 
 Since Rosalynde will Rosader respect: 
 Then let my face exile his sorry cheer. 
 And frolic in the comfort of affect ; 
 
 And say that Rosalynde is only pitiful. 
 
 Since Rosalynde is only beautiful. 
 
 When thus they had finished their courting eclogue in 
 such a familiar clause, Ganymede, as augur of some good 
 fortunes to light upon their affections, began to be thus 
 pleasant : 
 
 * How now, forester, have I not fitted your turn ? have I 
 not played the woman handsomely, and showed myself as 
 
90 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 coy in grants as courteous in desires, and been as full of 
 suspicion as men of flattery ? and yet to salve all, jumped I 
 not all up with the sweet union of love ? Did not Rosalynde 
 content her Rosader ? * 
 
 The forester at this smiling, shook his head, and folding 
 his arms made this merry reply : 
 
 * Truth, gentle swain, Rosader hath his Rosalynde ; but 
 as Ixion had Juno, who, thinking to possess a goddess, 
 only embraced a cloud : in these imaginary fruitions of 
 fancy I resemble the birds that fed themselves with Zeuxis' 
 painted grapes ; but they grew so lean with pecking at 
 shadows, that they were glad, with Aesop's cock, to scrape 
 for a barley cornel. So fareth it with me, who to feed 
 myself with the hope of my mistress's favours, sooth myself 
 in thy suits, and only in conceit reap a wished-for 
 content ; but if my food be no better than such amorous 
 dreams, Venus at the year's end shall find me but a lean 
 lover. Yet do I take these follies for high fortunes, and 
 hope these feigned affections do divine some unfeigned end 
 of ensuing fancies.' 
 
 * And thereupon,' quoth Aliena, * I'll play the priest : from 
 this day forth Ganymede shall call thee husband, and thou 
 shall call Ganymede wife, and so we'll have a marriage.' 
 
 * Content,' quoth Rosader, and laughed. 
 
 * Content,' quoth Ganymede, and changed as red as a 
 rose : and so with a smile and a blush, they made up this 
 jesting match, that after proved to a marriage in earnest, 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 91 
 
 Rosader full little thinking he had wooed and won his 
 Rosalynde. 
 
 But all was well ; hope is a sweet string to harp on, and 
 therefore let the forester awhile shape himself to his shadow, 
 and tarry fortune's leisure, till she may make a metamor- 
 phosis fit for his purpose. I digress ; and therefore to 
 Aliena, who said, the wedding was not worth a pin, 
 unless there were some cheer, nor that bargain well made 
 that was not stricken up with a cup of wine : and therefore 
 she willed Ganymede to set out such cates as they had, and 
 to draw out her bottle, charging the forester, as he had 
 imagined his loves, so to conceit these cates to be a most 
 sumptuous banquet, and to take a mazer of wine and to drink 
 to his Rosalynde ; which Rosader did, and so they passed 
 away the day in many pleasant devices. Till at last Aliena 
 perceived time would tarry no man, and that the sun waxed 
 very low, ready to set, which made her shorten their amorous 
 prattle, and end the banquet with a fresh carouse : which done, 
 they all three arose, and Aliena broke off thus ; 
 
 * Now, forester, Phoebus that all this while hath been par- 
 taker of our sports, seeing every woodman more fortunate in 
 his loves than he in his fancies, seeing thou hast won Rosa- 
 lynde when he could not woo Daphne, hides his head for 
 shame and bids us adieu in a cloud. Our sheep, they poor 
 wantons, wander towards their folds, as taught by nature 
 their due times of rest, which tells us, forester, we must 
 depart. Marry, though there were a marriage, yet I must 
 
92 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 carry this night the bride with me, and to-morrow morning 
 if you meet us here, I'll promise to deliver you her as good 
 a maid as I find her.* 
 
 * Content,' quoth Rosader, * 'tis enough for me in the night 
 to dream on love, that in the day am so fond to doat on love : 
 and so till to-morrow you to your folds, and I will to my 
 lodge.' And thus the forester and they parted. 
 
 He was no sooner gone, but Aliena and Ganymede went 
 and folded their flocks, and taking up their hooks, their bags, 
 and their bottles, hied homeward. By the way Aliena, to 
 make the time seem short, began to prattle with Ganymede 
 thus : 
 
 * I have heard them say, that what the fates forepoint, that 
 fortune pricketh down with a period ; that the stars are 
 sticklers in Venus' court, and desire hangs at the heel of 
 destiny : if it be so, then by all probable conjectures, this 
 match will be a marriage : for if augurism be authentical, 
 or the divines' dooms principles, it cannot be but such a 
 shadow portends the issue of a substance, for to that end did 
 the gods force the conceit of this eclogue, that they might 
 discover the ensuing consent of your affections : so that ere 
 it be long, I hope, in earnest, to dance at your wedding.' 
 
 * Tush,' quoth Ganymede, * all is not malt that is cast on the 
 kiln : there goes more words to a bargain than one : Love 
 feels no footing in the air, and fancy holds it slippery 
 harbour to nestle in the tongue : the match is not yet so 
 surely made, but he may miss of his market ; but if fortune 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 93 
 
 be his friend, I will not be his foe : and so I pray you, gentle 
 mistress Aliena, take it/ 
 
 * I take all things well,' quoth she, * that is your content, and 
 am glad Rosader is yours ; for now I hope your thoughts 
 will be at quiet ; your eye that ever looked at love, will now 
 lend a glance on your lambs, and then they will prove more 
 buxom and you more blithe, for the eyes of the master 
 feeds the cattle,' 
 
 As thus they were in chat, they spied old Corydon where 
 he came plodding to meet them, who told them supper was 
 ready, which news made them speed them home. Where 
 we will leave them to the next morrow, and return to 
 Saladyne. 
 
 All this while did poor Saladyne, banished from Bordeaux 
 and the court of France by Torismond, wander up and 
 down in the forest of Arden, thinking to get to Lyons, and 
 so travel through Germany into Italy : but the forest 
 being full of by-paths, and he unskilful of the country 
 coast, slipped out of the way, and chanced up into the desert, 
 not far from the place where Gerismond was, and his 
 brother Rosader. Saladyne, weary with wandering up and 
 down and hungry with long fasting, finding a little cave 
 by the side of a thicket, eating such fruit as the forest did 
 afford and contenting himself with such drink as nature 
 had provided and thirst made delicate, after his repast he 
 fell in a dead sleep. As thus he lay, a hungry lion came 
 hunting down the edge of the grove for prey, and espying 
 
94 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Saladyne began to seize upon him : but seeing he lay still 
 without any motion, he left to touch him, for that lions hate 
 to prey on dead carcases ; and yet desirous to have some 
 food, the lion lay down and watched to see if he would 
 stir. While thus Saladyne slept secure, fortune that was 
 careful of her champion began to smile, and brought it so to 
 pass, that Rosader, having stricken a deer that but lightly 
 hurt fled through the thicket, came pacing down by the 
 grove with a boar-spear in his hand in great haste. He 
 spied where a man lay asleep, and a lion fast by him : 
 amazed at this sight, as he stood gazing, his nose on the 
 sudden bled, which made him conjecture it was some 
 friend of his. Whereupon drawing more nigh, he might 
 easily discern his visage, perceived by his physnomy that it 
 was his brother Saladyne, which drave Rosader into a deep 
 passion, as a man perplexed at the sight of so unexpected a 
 chance, marvelling what should drive his brother to traverse 
 those secret deserts, without any company, in such distress 
 and forlorn sort. But the present time craved no such 
 doubting ambages, for either he must resolve to hazard his 
 life for his relief, or else steal away, and leave him to the 
 cruelty of the lion. In which doubt he thus briefly debated 
 with himself : 
 
 * Now, Rosader, fortune that long hath whipped thee with 
 Rosader's nettles, means to salve thee with roses, and 
 
 meditation. having crossed thee with many frowns, now she 
 presents thee with the brightness of her favours. Thou that didst 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 95 
 
 count thyself the most distressed of all men, mayest account 
 thyself the most fortunate amongst men, if Fortune can make 
 men happy, or sweet revenge be wrapped in a pleasing con- 
 tent. Thou seest Saladyne thine enemy, the worker of thy 
 misfortunes, and the efficient cause of thine exile, subject 
 to the cruelty of a merciless lion, brought into this misery 
 by the gods, that they might seem just in revenging his 
 rigour, and thy injuries. Seest thou not how the stars are 
 in a favourable aspect, the planets in some pleasing conjunction, 
 the fates agreeable to thy thoughts, and the destinies per- 
 formers of thy desires, in that Saladyne shall die, and thou 
 be free of his blood: he receive meed for his amiss, and 
 thou erect his tomb with innocent hands. Now, Rosader, 
 shalt thou return unto Bordeaux and enjoy thy possessions 
 by birth, and his revenues by inheritance : now mayest thou 
 triumph in love, and hang fortune's altars with garlands. For 
 when Rosalynde hears of thy wealth, it will make her love 
 thee the more willingly : for women's eyes are made of 
 ChrysocoU, that is ever unperfect unless tempered with gold, 
 and Jupiter soonest enjoyed Danae, because he came to her 
 in so rich a shower. Thus shall this lion, Rosader, end the 
 life of a miserable man, and from distress raise thee to be 
 most fortunate.' And with that, casting his boar-spear on 
 his neck, away he began to trudge. 
 
 But he had not stepped back two or three paces, but a new 
 motion stroke him to the very heart, that resting his boar- 
 spear against his breast, he fell into this passionate humour : 
 
96 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * Ah, Rosader, wert thou the son of Sir John of Bordeaux, 
 whose virtues exceeded his valour, and yet the most hardiest 
 knight in all Europe ? Should the honour of the father shine 
 in the actions of the son, and wilt thou dishonour thy 
 parentage, in forgetting the nature of a gentleman ? Did not 
 thy father at his last gasp breathe out this golden principle : 
 Brothers' amity is like the drops of balsamum, that salveth 
 the most dangerous sores ? Did he make a large exhort 
 unto concord, and wilt thou show thyself careless ? O 
 Rosader, what though Saladyne hath wronged thee, and 
 made thee live an exile in the forest, shall thy nature be so 
 cruel, or thy nurture so crooked, or thy thoughts so savage, 
 as to suffer so dismal a revenge ? What, to let him be 
 devoured by wild beasts ! Non sap'tt qui non siU sap'it is 
 fondly spoken in such bitter extremes. Lose not his life, 
 Rosader, to win a world of treasure ; for in having him thou 
 hast a brother, and by hazarding for his life, thou gettest 
 a friend, and reconcilest an enemy : and more honour shalt 
 thou purchase by pleasuring a foe, than revenging a thousand 
 injuries.' 
 
 With that his brother began to stir, and the lion to 
 rouse himself, whereupon Rosader suddenly charged him 
 with the boar-spear, and wounded the lion very sore at the 
 first stroke. The beast feeling himself to have a mortal 
 hurt, leapt at Rosader, and with his paws gave him a sore 
 pinch on the breast, that he had almost fallen ; yet as a man 
 most valiant, in whom the sparks of Sir John of Bordeaux 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 97 
 
 remained, he recovered himself, and in short combat slew 
 the lion, who at his death roared so loud that Saladyne 
 awaked, and starting up, was amazed at the sudden sight of 
 so monstrous a beast lying slain by him, and so sweet a 
 gentleman wounded. He presently, as he was of a ripe 
 conceit, began to conjecture that the gentleman had slain 
 him in his defence. Whereupon, as a man in a trance, he 
 stood staring on them both a good while, not knowing his 
 brother, being in that disguise. At last he burst into these 
 terms : 
 
 * Sir, whatsoever thou be, as full of honour thou must needs 
 be by the view of thy present valour, I perceive thou hast 
 redressed my fortunes by thy courage, and saved my life with 
 thine own loss, which ties me to be thine in all humble 
 service. Thanks thou shalt have as thy due, and more 
 thou canst not have, for my ability denies me to perform a 
 deeper debt. But if anyways it please thee to command 
 me, use me as far as the power of a poor gentleman may 
 stretch.' 
 
 Rosader, seeing he was unknown to his brother, wondered 
 to hear such courteous words come from his crabbed nature ; 
 but glad of such reformed nurture, he made this answer : 
 
 * I am, sir, whatsoever thou art, a forester and ranger of 
 these walks, who, following my deer to the fall, was con- 
 ducted hither by some assenting fate, that I might save thee, 
 and disparage myself. For coming into this place, I saw 
 thee asleep, and the lion watching thy awake, that at thy 
 
98 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 rising he might prey upon thy carcase. At the first sight 
 I conjectured thee a gentleman, for all men's thoughts ought 
 to be favourable in imagination, and I counted it the part of a 
 resolute man to purchase a stranger's relief, though with the 
 loss of his own blood ; which I have performed, thou seest, 
 to mine own prejudice. If, therefore, thou be a man of such 
 worth as I value thee by thy exterior lineaments, make dis- 
 course unto me what is the cause of thy present fortunes. 
 For by the furrows in thy face thou seemest to be crossed 
 with her frowns : but whatsoever, or howsoever, let me crave 
 that favour, to hear the tragic cause of thy estate.' 
 
 Saladyne sitting down, and fetching a deep sigh, began 
 thus : 
 
 < Although the discourse of my fortunes be the renewing of 
 
 my sorrows, and the rubbing of the scar will open a fresh 
 
 wound, yet that I may not prove ingrateful to 
 
 Saladyne' s . x -n i 
 
 discourse to SO courteous a gentleman, 1 will rather sit 
 Rosader down and sigh out my estate, than give any 
 
 offence by smothering my grief with silence. 
 Know therefore, sir, that I am of Bordeaux, and the son 
 and heir of Sir John of Bordeaux, a man for his virtues 
 and valour so famous, that I cannot think but the fame of 
 his honours hath reached farther than the knowledge of his 
 personage. The infortunate son of so fortunate a knight 
 am I ; my name, Saladyne ; who succeeding my father in 
 possessions, but not in qualities, having two brethren com- 
 mitted by my father at his death to my charge, with such 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 99 
 
 golden principles of brotherly concord, as might have pierced 
 like the Sirens* melody into any human ear. But I, with 
 Ulysses, became deaf against his philosophical harmony, and 
 made more value of profit than of virtue, esteeming gold 
 sufficient honour, and wealth the fittest title for a gentleman's 
 dignity. I set my middle brother to the university to be 
 a scholar, counting it enough if he might pore on a book 
 while I. fed upon his revenues; and for the youngest, which 
 was my father's joy, young Rosader ' — And with that, naming 
 of Rosader, Saladyne sate him down and wept. 
 
 * Nay, forward man,' quoth the forester, * tears are the 
 unfittest salve that any man can apply for to cure sorrows, and 
 therefore cease from such feminine follies, as should drop out 
 of a woman's eye to deceive, not out of a gentleman's look to 
 discover his thoughts, and forward with thy discourse.' 
 
 * O sir,' quoth Saladyne, * this Rosader that wrings tears 
 from mine eyes, and blood from my heart, was like my father 
 in exterior personage and in inward qualities ; for in the 
 prime of his years he aimed all his acts at honour, and coveted 
 rather to die than to brook any injury unworthy a gentleman's 
 credit. I, whom envy had made blind, and covetousness 
 masked with the veil of self-love, seeing the palm tree grow 
 straight, thought to suppress it being a twig ; but nature will 
 have her course, the cedar will be tall, the diamond bright, 
 the carbuncle glistering, and virtue will shine though it be 
 never so much obscured. For I kept Rosader as a slave, and 
 used him as one of my servile hinds, until age grew on, and 
 
lOO ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 a secret insight of my abuse entered into his mind ; insomuch, 
 that he could not brook it, but coveted to have what his 
 father left him, and to live of himself. To be short, sir, I 
 repined at his fortunes, and he counter checked me, not with 
 ability but valour, until at last, by my friends and aid of 
 such as followed gold more than right or virtue, I banished 
 him from Bordeaux, and he, poor gentleman, lives no 
 man knows where, in some distressed discontent. The gods, 
 not able to suffer such impiety unrevenged, so wrought, that 
 the king picked a causeless quarrel against me in hope to 
 have my lands, and so hath exiled me out of France for ever. 
 Thus, thus, sir, am I the most miserable of all men, as having 
 a blemish in my thoughts for the wrongs I proffered Rosader, 
 and a touch in my state to be thrown from my proper 
 possessions by injustice. Passionate thus with many griefs, 
 in penance of my former follies I go thus pilgrim-like to 
 seek out my brother, that I may reconcile myself to him in 
 all submission, and afterward wend to the Holy Land, to 
 end my years in as many virtues as 1 have spent my youth 
 in wicked vanities.' 
 
 Rosader, hearing the resolution of his brother Saladyne, 
 began to compassionate his sorrows, and not able to smother 
 the sparks of nature with feigned secrecy, he burst into these 
 loving speeches : 
 
 * Then know, Saladyne,* quoth he, * that thou hast met 
 with Rosader, who grieves as much to see thy distress, as 
 thyself to feel the burden of thy misery.* Saladyne, casting 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY loi 
 
 up his eye and noting well the physnomy of the forester, knew, 
 that it was his brother Rosader, which made him so bash and 
 blush at the first meeting, that Rosader was fain to recomfort 
 him, which he did in such sort, that he showed how highly 
 he held revenge in scorn. Much ado there was between 
 these two brethren, Saladyne in craving pardon, and Rosader 
 in forgiving and forgetting all former injuries ; the one sub- 
 miss, the other courteous ; Saladyne penitent and passionate, 
 Rosader kind and loving, that at length nature working an 
 union of their thoughts, they earnestly embraced, and fell 
 from matters of unkindness, to talk of the country life, 
 which Rosader so highly commended, that his brother began 
 to have a desire to taste of that homely content. In this 
 humour Rosader conducted him to Gerismond's lodge, and 
 presented his brother to the king, discoursing the whole 
 matter how all had happened betwixt them. The king look- 
 ing upon Saladyne, found him a man of a most beautiful 
 personage, and saw in his face sufficient sparks of ensuing 
 honours, gave him great entertainment, and glad of their 
 friendly reconcilement, promised such favour as the poverty of 
 his estate might afford, which Saladyne gratefully accepted. 
 And so Gerismond fell to question of Torismond's life. Sala- 
 dyne briefly discoursed unto him his injustice and tyrannies, 
 with such modesty, although he had wronged him, that 
 Gerismond greatly praised the sparing speech of the young 
 gentleman. 
 
 Many questions passed, but at last Gerismond began with 
 
I02 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 a deep sigh to inquire if there were any news of the welfare 
 of Alinda, or his daughter Rosalynde ? 
 
 * None, sir,' quoth Saladyne, * for since their departure they 
 were never heard of.' 
 
 * Injurious fortune,' quoth the king, *that to double the 
 father's misery, wrongest the daughter with misfortunes ! ' 
 
 And with that, surcharged with sorrows, he went into his 
 ceil, and left Saladyne and Rosader, whom Rosader straight 
 conducted to the sight of Adam Spencer. Who, seeing 
 Saladyne in that estate, was in a brown study ; but when he 
 heard the whole matter, although he grieved for the exile of 
 his master, yet he joyed that banishment had so reformed him, 
 that from a lascivious youth he was proved a virtuous gentleman. 
 Looking a longer while, and seeing what familiarity passed 
 between them, and what favours were interchanged with 
 brotherly affection, he said thus : 
 
 * Aye, marry, thus should it be ; this was the concord that 
 old Sir John of Bordeaux wished betwixt you. Now fulfil 
 you those precepts he breathed out at his death, and in 
 observing them, look to live fortunate and die honourable.' 
 
 * Well said, Adam Spencer,' quoth Rosader, * but hast any 
 victuals in store for us ? ' 
 
 * A piece of a red deer,' quoth he, * and a bottle of wine.' 
 
 * 'Tis foresters' fare, brother,' quoth Rosader ; and so they 
 sate down and fell to their cates. 
 
 As soon as they had taken their repast, and had well dined, 
 Rosader took his brother Saladyne by the hand, and showed 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 103 
 
 him the pleasures of the forest, and what content they 
 enjoyed in that mean estate. Thus for two or three days he 
 walked up and down with his brother to show him all the 
 commodities that belonged to his walk. 
 
 In which time he was missed of his Ganymede, who mused 
 greatly, with Aliena, what should become of their forester. 
 Somewhile they thought he had taken some word unkindly, 
 and had taken the pet ; then they imagined some new love 
 had withdrawn his fancy, or happily that he was sick, or 
 detained by some great business of Gerismond's, or that 
 he had made a reconcilement with his brother, and so 
 returned to Bordeaux. 
 
 These conjectures did they cast in their heads, but 
 specially Ganymede, who, having love in her heart, proved 
 restless, and half without patience, that Rosader wronged 
 her with so long absence ; for Love measures every minute, 
 and thinks hours to be days, and days to be months, till 
 they feed their eyes with the sight of their desired object. 
 Thus perplexed lived poor Ganymede, while on a day, 
 sitting with Aliena in a great dump, she cast up her eye, 
 and saw where Rosader came pacing towards them with his 
 forest bill on his neck. At that sight her colour changed, 
 and she said to Aliena : 
 
 * See, mistress, where our jolly forester comes.' 
 
 * And you are not a little glad thereof,' quoth Aliena, * your 
 nose bewrays what porridge you love : the wind cannot be 
 tied within his quarter, the sun shadowed with a veil, oil 
 
I04 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 hidden in water, nor love kept out of a woman's looks : but 
 no more of that, Lupus est in fabula.^ 
 
 As soon as Rosader was come within the reach of her 
 tongue's end, Aliena began thus : 
 
 *Why, how now, gentle forester, what wind hath kept 
 you from hence ? that being so newly married, you have no 
 more care of your Rosalynde, but to absent yourself so many 
 days ? Are these the passions you painted out so in your 
 sonnets and roundelays ? I see well hot love is soon cold, 
 and that the fancy of men is like to a loose feather that 
 wandereth in the air with the blast of every wind.' 
 
 * You are deceived, mistress,' quoth Rosader ; * 'twas a copy 
 of unkindness that kept me hence, in that, I being married, 
 you carried away the bride ; but if I have given any occasion 
 of offence by absenting myself these three days, I humbly 
 sue for pardon, which you must grant of course, in that the 
 fault is so friendly confessed with penance. But to tell you 
 the truth, fair mistress and my good Rosalynde, my eldest 
 brother by the injury of Torismond is banished from 
 Bordeaux, and by chance he and I met in the forest.' 
 
 And here Rosader discoursed unto them what had 
 happened betwixt them, which reconcilement made them 
 glad, especially Ganymede. But Aliena, hearing of the 
 tyranny of her father, grieved inwardly, and yet smothered 
 all things with such secrecy, that the concealing was more 
 sorrow than the conceit; yet that her estate might be 
 hid still, she made fair weather of it, and so let all pass. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 105 
 
 ^ Fortune, that saw how these parties valued not her deity, 
 but held her power in scorn, thought to have a bout with 
 them, and brought the matter to pass thus. Certain 
 rascals that lived by prowling in the forest, who for fear of 
 the provost marshal had caves in the groves and thickets to 
 shroud themselves from his trains, hearing of the beauty of 
 this fair shepherdess, Aliena, thought to steal her away, 
 and to give her to the king for a present ; hoping, because 
 the king was a great lecher, by such a gift to purchase all 
 their pardons, and therefore came to take her and her page 
 away. Thus resolved, while Aliena and Ganymede were in 
 this sad talk, they came rushing in, and laid violent hands upon 
 Aliena and her page, which made them cry out to Rosader ; 
 who having the valour of his father stamped in his heart, 
 thought rather to die in defence of his friends, than any way 
 be touched with the least blemish of dishonour, and therefore 
 dealt such blows amongst them with his weapon, as he did 
 witness well upon their carcases that he was no coward. 
 But as Ne Hercules quiclem contra duos^ so Rosader could not 
 resist a multitude, having none to back him ; so that he 
 was not only rebated, but sore wounded, and Aliena and 
 Ganymede had been quite carried away by these rascals, 
 had not fortune, that meant to turn her frown into a 
 favour, brought Saladyne that way by chance, who wandering 
 to find out his brother's walk, encountered this crew : and 
 seeing not only a shepherdess and her boy forced, but his 
 brother wounded, he heaved up a forest bill he had on his 
 
io6 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 neck, and the first he stroke had never after more need of the 
 physician, redoubling his blows with such courage that the 
 slaves were amazed at his valour. Rosader, espying his 
 brother so fortunately arrived, and seeing how valiantly he 
 behaved himself, though sore wounded rushed amongst them, 
 and laid on such load, that some of the crew were slain, 
 and the rest fled, leaving Aliena and Ganymede in the 
 possession of Rosader and Saladyne. 
 
 Aliena after she had breathed awhile and was come to 
 herself from this fear, looked about her, and saw where 
 Ganymede was busy dressing up the wounds of the 
 forester : but she cast her eye upon this courteous champion 
 that had made so hot a rescue, and that with such affection, 
 that she began to measure every part of him with favour, 
 and in herself to commend his personage and his virtue, 
 holding him for a resolute man, that durst assail such a 
 troop of unbridled villains. At last, gathering her spirits 
 together, she returned him these thanks : 
 
 * Gentle sir, whatsoever you be that have adventured your 
 flesh to relieve our fortunes, as we hold you valiant so 
 we esteem you courteous, and to have as many hidden 
 virtues as you have manifest resolutions. We poor shep- 
 herds have no wealth but our flocks, and therefore can 
 we not make requital with any great treasures ; but our 
 recompense is thanks, and our rewards to her friends without 
 feigning. For ransom, therefore, of this our rescue, you must 
 content yourself to take such a kind gramercy as a poor 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 107 
 
 shepherdess and her page may give, with promise, in what we 
 may, never to prove ingrateful. For this gentleman that is hurt, 
 young Rosader, he is our good neighbour and familiar ac- 
 quaintance ; we'll pay him with smiles, and feed him with love- 
 looks, and though he be never the fatter at the year's end, yet 
 we'll so hamper him that he shall hold himself satisfied.' 
 
 Saladyne, hearing this shepherdess speak so wisely, began 
 more narrowly to pry into her perfection, and to survey 
 all her lineaments with a curious insight ; so long dallying in 
 the flame of her beauty, that to his cost he found her to be 
 most excellent. For love that lurked in all these broils to 
 have a blow or two, seeing the parties at the gaze, encountered 
 them both with such a veny, that the stroke pierced to the 
 heart so deep as it could never after be rased out. At last, 
 after he had looked so long, till Aliena waxed red, he returned 
 her this answer : 
 
 * Fair shepherdess, if Fortune graced me with such good 
 hap as to do you any favour, I hold myself as contented 
 as if I had gotten a great conquest ; for the relief of dis- 
 tressed women is the special point that gentlemen are tied 
 unto by honour. Seeing then my hazard to rescue your harms 
 was rather duty than courtesy, thanks is more than belongs 
 to the requital of such a favour. But lest I might seem 
 either too coy or too careless of a gentlewoman's proffer, I 
 will take your kind gramercy for a recompense.' 
 
 All this while that he spake, Ganymede looked earnestly 
 upon him, 'and said : 
 
io8 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * Truly, Rosader, this gentleman favours you much in the 
 feature of your face.' 
 
 * No marvel,* quoth he, * gentle swain, for 'tis my eldest 
 brother Saladyne.' 
 
 < Your brother ? ' quoth Aliena, and with that she blushed, 
 * he is the more welcome, and I hold myself the more his 
 debtor ; and for that he hath in my behalf done such a piece 
 of service, if it please him to do me that honour, I will 
 call him servant, and he shall call me mistress.' 
 
 * Content, sweet mistress,' quoth Saladyne, * and when I 
 forget to call you so, I will be unmindful of mine own self.' 
 
 *Away with these quirks and quiddities of love,' quoth 
 Rosader, * and give me some drink, for I am passing thirsty, 
 and then will I home, for my wounds bleed sore, and I will 
 have them dressed.' 
 
 Ganymede had tears in her eyes, and passions in her heart 
 to see her Rosader so pained, and therefore stepped hastily to 
 the bottle, and filling out some wine in a mazer, she spiced it 
 with such comfortable drugs as she had about her, and gave 
 it him, which did comfort Rosader, that rising, with the 
 help of his brother, he took his leave of them, and went 
 to his lodge. Ganymede, as soon as they were out of sight, 
 led his flocks down to a vale, and there under the shadow of 
 a beech tree sate down, and began to mourn the misfortunes 
 of her sweetheart. 
 
 And Aliena, as a woman passing discontent, severing 
 herself from her Ganymede, sitting under a limon tree, began 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 109 
 
 to sigh out the passions of her new love, and to meditate with 
 herself in this manner : 
 
 * Ay me ! now I see, and sorrowing sigh to see, that 
 Diana's laurels are harbours for Venus' doves ; that there 
 trace as well through the lawns wantons as Aliena's 
 chaste ones ; that Calisto, be she never so chary, '"edttation. 
 will cast one amorous eye at courting Jove ; that Diana her- 
 self will change her shape, but she will honour Love in a 
 shadow ; that maidens* eyes be they as hard as diamonds, 
 yet Cupid hath drugs to make them more pliable than wax. 
 See, Alinda, how Fortune and Love have interleagued them- 
 selves to be thy foes, and to make thee their subject, or else 
 an abject, have inveigled thy sight with a most beautiful 
 object. A-late thou didst hold Venus for a giglot, not a 
 goddess, and now thou shalt be forced to sue suppliant to her 
 deity. Cupid was a boy and blind ; but, alas, his eye had 
 aim enough to pierce thee to the heart. While I lived in 
 the court I held love in contempt, and in high seats I had 
 small desires. I knew not affection while I lived in dignity, 
 nor could Venus countercheck me, as long as my fortune 
 was majesty, and my thoughts honour ; and shall I now be 
 high in desires, when I am made low by destiny ? I have 
 heard them say, that Love looks not at low cottages, that 
 Venus jets in robes not in rags, that Cupid flies so 
 high, that he scorns to touch poverty with his heel. 
 Tush, Alinda, these are but old wives' tales, and neither 
 authentical precepts, nor infallible principles ; for experience 
 
no ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 tells thee, that peasants have their passions as well as 
 princes, that swains as they have their labours, so they 
 have their amours, and Love lurks as soon about a sheep- 
 cote as a palace. 
 
 * Ah, Alinda, this day in avoiding a prejudice thou 
 art fallen into a deeper mischief; being rescued from the 
 robbers, thou art become captive to Saladyne : and what 
 then ? Women must love, or they must cease to live ; and 
 therefore did nature frame them fair, that they might be sub- 
 jects to fancy. But perhaps Saladyne's eye is levelled upon 
 a more seemlier saint. If it be so, bear thy passions with 
 patience ; say Love hath wronged thee, that hath not wrung 
 him ; and if he be proud in contempt, be thou rich in content, 
 and rather die than discover any desire : for there is nothing 
 more precious in a woman than to conceal love and to die 
 modest. He is the son and heir of Sir John of Bordeaux, 
 a youth comely enough. O Alinda, too comely, else hadst 
 not thou been thus discontent ; valiant, and that fettered thine 
 eye ; wise, else hadst thou not been now won ; but for all 
 these virtues banished by thy father, and therefore if he know 
 thy parentage, he will hate the fruit for the tree, and condemn 
 the young scion for the old stock. Well, howsoever, I must 
 love, and whomsoever, I will ; and, whatsoever betide, Aliena 
 will think well of Saladyne, suppose he of me as he please.* 
 
 And with that fetching a deep sigh, she rise up, and 
 went to Ganymede, who all this while sate in a great dump, 
 fearing the imminent danger of her friend Rosader ; but now 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY m 
 
 Aliena began to comfort her, herself being overgrown with 
 sorrows, and to recall her from her melancholy with many 
 pleasant persuasions. Ganymede took all in the best part, 
 and so they went home together after they had folded their 
 flocks, supping with old Corydon, who had provided their 
 cates. He, after supper, to pass away the night while bed- 
 time, began a long discourse, how Montanus, the young 
 shepherd that was in love with Phoebe, could by no means 
 obtain any favour at her hands, but, still pained in restless 
 passions, remained a hopeless and perplexed lover. 
 
 * I would I might,' quoth Aliena, * once see that Phoebe. 
 Is she so fair that she thinks no shepherd worthy of her 
 beauty ? or so fro ward that no love nor loyalty will content 
 her ? or so coy that she requires a long time to be wooed ? 
 or so foolish that she forgets that like a fop she must have a 
 large harvest for a little corn ? ' 
 
 *I cannot distinguish,' quoth Corydon, * of these nice quali- 
 ties; but one of these days I'll bring Montanus and her down, 
 that you may both see their persons, and note their passions ; 
 and then where the blame is, there let it rest. But this I am 
 sure,' quoth Corydon, * if all maidens were of her mind, the 
 world would grow to a mad pass ; for there would be great 
 store of wooing and little wedding, many words and little 
 worship, much folly and no faith.' 
 
 At this sad sentence of Corydon, so solemnly brought 
 forth, Aliena smiled, and because it waxed late, she and her 
 page went to bed, both of them having fleas in their ears to 
 
112 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 keep them awake ; Ganymede for the hurt of her Rosader, 
 and Aliena for the affection she bore to Saladyne. In this 
 discontented humour they passed away the time, till falling on 
 sleep, their senses at rest. Love left them to their quiet 
 slumbers, which were not long. For as soon as Phoebus 
 rose from his Aurora, and began to mount him in the sky, 
 summoning plough-swains to their handy labour, Aliena arose, 
 and going to the couch where Ganymede lay, awakened 
 her page, and said the morning was far spent, the dew small, 
 and time called them away to their folds. 
 
 * Ah, ah ! * quoth Ganymede, * is the wind in that door ? 
 then in faith I perceive that there is no diamond so hard but 
 will yield to the file, no cedar so strong but the wind will 
 shake, nor any mind so chaste but love will change. Well, 
 Aliena, must Saladyne be the man, and will it be a match ? 
 Trust me, he is fair and valiant, the son of a worthy 
 knight, whom if he imitate in perfection, as he represents 
 him in proportion, he is worthy of no less than Aliena. But 
 he is an exile. What then ? I hope my mistress respects 
 the virtues not the wealth, and measures the qualities not the 
 substance. Those dames that are like Danae, that like love 
 in no shape but in a shower of gold, I wish them husbands 
 with much wealth and little wit, that the want of the one 
 may blemish the abundance of the other. It should, my 
 Aliena, stain the honour of a shepherd's life to set the end 
 of passions upon pelf. Love's eyes looks not so low as 
 gold ; there is no fees to be paid in Cupid's courts ; and in 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 113 
 
 elder time, as Corydon hath told me, the shepherds' love- 
 gifts were apples and chestnuts, and then their desires were 
 loyal, and their thoughts constant. But now 
 
 Quaerenda pecunia primum, post nummos virtus. 
 
 And the time is grown to that which Horace in his Satires 
 wrote on ; 
 
 omnis enim res 
 Virtus fama decus divina humanaque pulchris 
 Divitiis parent : quas qui construxerit ille 
 Clarus erit, fortis, Justus. Sapiensne? Etiam et rex 
 Et quicquid volet — 
 
 But, Aliena, let it not be so with thee in thy fancies, but 
 respect his faith and there an end.' 
 
 Aliena, hearing Ganymede thus forward to further Sala- 
 dyne in his affections, thought she kissed the child for the 
 nurse's sake, and wooed for him that she might please 
 Rosader, made this reply : 
 
 * Why, Ganymede, whereof grows this persuasion ? Hast 
 thou seen love in my looks, or are mine eyes grown so 
 amorous, that they discover some new-entertained fancies ? 
 If thou measurest my thoughts by my countenance, thou 
 mayest prove as ill a physiognomer, as the lapidary that 
 aims at the secret virtues of the topaz by the exterior 
 shadow of the stone. The operation of the agate is not 
 known by the strakes, nor the diamond prized by his 
 
 I 
 
114 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 brightness, but by his hardness. The carbuncle that shineth 
 most is not ever the most precious ; and the apothecaries 
 choose not flowers for their colours, but for their virtues. 
 Women's faces are not always calendars of fancy, nor do 
 their thoughts and their looks ever agree ; for when their 
 eyes are fullest of favours, then are they oft most empty of 
 desire ; and when they seem to frown at disdain, then are 
 they most forward to affection. If I be melancholy, then, 
 Ganymede, 'tis not a consequence that I am entangled with 
 the perfection of Saladyne. But seeing fire cannot be hid in 
 the straw, nor love kept so covert but it will be spied, what 
 should friends conceal fancies ? Know, my Ganymede, the 
 beauty and valour, the wit and prowess of Saladyne hath 
 fettered Aliena so far, as there is no object pleasing to her 
 eyes but the sight of Saladyne ; and if Love have done me 
 justice to wrap his thoughts in the folds of my face, and that 
 he be as deeply enamoured as I am passionate, I tell thee, 
 Ganymede, there shall not be much wooing, for she is already 
 won, and what needs a longer battery.' 
 
 * I am glad,' quoth Ganymede, * that it shall be thus pro- 
 portioned, you to match with Saladyne, and I with Rosader : 
 thus have the Destinies favoured us with some pleasing aspect, 
 that have made us as private in our loves, as familiar in our 
 fortunes. ' 
 
 With this Ganymede start up, made her ready, and went 
 into the fields with Aliena, where unfolding their flocks, 
 they sate them down under an olive tree, both of them 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 115 
 
 amorous, and yet diversely affected ; Aliena joying in the 
 excellence of Saladyne, and Ganymede sorrowing for the 
 wounds of her Rosader, not quiet in thought till she might 
 hear of his health. As thus both of them sate in their 
 dumps, they might espy where Corydon came running 
 towards them, almost out of breath with his haste. 
 
 * What news with you," quoth Aliena, * that you come in 
 such post ? ' 
 
 * Oh, mistress,* quoth Corydon, * you have a long time 
 desired to see Phoebe, the fair shepherdess whom Montanus 
 loves ; so now if you please, you and Ganymede, but to walk 
 with me to yonder thicket, there shall you see Montanus 
 and her sitting by a fountain, he courting with his country 
 ditties, and she as coy as if she held love in disdain.' 
 
 The news were so welcome to the two lovers, that up they 
 rose, and went with Corydon. As soon as they drew nigh 
 the thicket, they might espy where Phoebe sate, the fairest 
 shepherdess in all Arden, and he the frolickest swain in the 
 whole forest, she in a petticoat of scarlet, covered with a 
 green mantle, and to shroud her from the sun, a chaplet of 
 roses, from under which appeared a face full of nature's excel- 
 lence, and two such eyes as might have amated a greater man 
 than Montanus. At gaze upon the gorgeous nymph sat the 
 shepherd, feeding his eyes with her favours, wooing with 
 such piteous looks, and courting with such deep-strained 
 sighs, as would have made Diana herself to have been 
 compassionate. At last, fixing his looks on the riches of her 
 
ii6 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 face, his head on his hand, and his elbow on his knee, he 
 6ung this mournful ditty : 
 
 MoNTANus' Sonnet 
 
 A turtle sate upon a leaveless tree, 
 
 Mourning her absent fere 
 
 With sad and sorry cheer : 
 
 About her wondering stood 
 
 The citizens of wood, 
 
 And whilst her plumes she rents 
 
 And for her love laments, 
 
 The stately trees complain them. 
 
 The birds with sorrow pain them. 
 
 Each one that doth her view 
 
 Her pain and sorrows rue ; 
 
 But were the sorrows known 
 
 That me hath overthrown, 
 Oh how would Phoebe sigh if she did look on me 1 
 
 The lovesick Polypheme, that could not see, 
 
 Who on the barren shore 
 
 His fortunes doth deplore, 
 
 And melteth all in moan 
 
 For Galatea gone, 
 
 And with his piteous cries 
 
 Afflicts both earth and skies, 
 
 And to his woe betook 
 
 Doth break both pipe and hook, 
 
 For whom complains the morn, 
 
 For whom the sea-nymphs mourn, 
 
 Alas, his pain is nought ; 
 
 For were my woe but thought, 
 Oh how would Phoebe sigh if she did look on me ! 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 Beyond compare my pain ; 
 
 Yet glad am I, 
 If gentle Phoebe deign 
 
 To see her Montan die. 
 
 After this, Montanus felt his passions so extreme, that he 
 fell into this exclamation against the injustice of Love : 
 
 Helas, tyran, plein de rigueur, 
 Mod^re un peu ta violence : 
 Que te sert si grande depense ? 
 C'est trop de flammes pour un coeur. 
 Epargnez en une ^tincelle, 
 Puis fais ton effort d'emouvoir, 
 La fiere qui ne veut point voir, 
 En quel feu je brule pour elle. 
 Execute, Amour, ce dessein, 
 Et rabaisse un peu son audace : 
 Son coeur ne doit ^tre de glace, 
 Bien qu'elle ait de neige le sein. 
 
 Montanus ended his sonnet with such a volley of sighs, 
 and such a stream of tears, as might have moved any but 
 Phoebe to have granted him favour. But she, measuring all 
 his passions with a coy disdain, and triumphing in the poor 
 shepherd's pathetical humours, smiling at his martyrdom as 
 though love had been no malady, scornfully warbled out this 
 sonnet : 
 
ii8 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Phoebe's Sonnet, a Reply to Montanus' Passion 
 
 Down a down, 
 
 Thus Phyllis sung, 
 
 By fancy once distressed ; 
 Whoso by foolish love are stung 
 Are worthily oppressed. 
 
 And so sing I. With a down, down, &c. 
 
 When Love was first begot, 
 
 And by the mover's will 
 Did fall to human lot 
 
 His solace to fulfil, 
 Devoid of all deceit, 
 
 A chaste and holy fire 
 Did quicken man's conceit. 
 
 And women's breast inspire. 
 The gods that saw the good 
 
 That mortals did approve, 
 With kind and holy mood 
 
 Began to talk of Love. 
 
 Down a down. 
 
 Thus Phyllis sung 
 
 By fancy once distressed, &c. 
 
 But during this accord, 
 
 A wonder strange to hear, 
 Whilst Love in deed and word 
 
 Most faithful did appear. 
 False-semblance came in place, 
 
 By Jealousy attended. 
 And with a double face 
 
 Both love and fancy blended ; 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 119 
 
 Which made the gods forsake, 
 
 And men from fancy fly, 
 And maidens scorn a make, 
 
 Forsooth, and so will I. 
 
 Down a down. 
 
 Thus Phyllis sung, 
 
 By fancy once distressed ; 
 
 Who so by foolish love are stung 
 
 Are worthily oppressed. 
 
 And so sing I. 
 
 With down a down, a down down, a down a. 
 
 Montanus, hearing the cruel resolution of Phoebe, was so 
 overgrown with passions, that from amorous ditties he fell 
 flat into these terms : 
 
 * Ah, Phoebe,' quoth he, * whereof art thou made, that thou 
 regardest not my malady ? Am I so hateful an object that 
 thine eyes condemn me for an abject ? or so base, that thy 
 desires cannot stoop so low as to lend me a gracious look ? 
 My passions are many, my loves more, my thoughts loyalty, 
 and my fancy faith : all devoted in humble devoir to the 
 service of Phoebe ; and shall I reap no reward for such 
 fealties ? The swain's daily labours is quit with the evening's 
 hire, the ploughman's toil is eased with the hope of corn, 
 what the ox sweats out at the plough he fatteneth at the 
 crib ; but infortunate Montanus hath no salve for his sor- 
 rows, nor any hope of recompense for the hazard of his 
 perplexed passions. If, Phoebe, time may plead the proof 
 of my truth, twice seven winters have I loved fair Phoebe : 
 
120 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 if constancy be a cause to farther my suit, Montanus' thoughts 
 have been sealed in the sweet of Phoebe's excellence, as far 
 from change as she from love : if outward passions may dis- 
 cover inward affections, the furrows in my face may decipher 
 the sorrows of my heart, and the map of my looks the griefs 
 of my mind. Thou seest, Phoebe, the tears of despair 
 have made my cheeks full of wrinkles, and my scalding 
 sighs have made the air echo her pity conceived in my 
 plaints : Philomele hearing my passions, hath left her mourn- 
 ful tunes to listen to the discourse of my miseries. I have 
 portrayed in every tree the beauty of my mistress, and the 
 despair of my loves. What is it in the woods cannot witness 
 my woes ? and who is it would not pity my plaints ? Only 
 Phoebe. And why ? Because I am Montanus, and she 
 Phoebe : I a worthless swain, and she the most excellent of 
 all fairies. Beautiful Phoebe ! oh, might I say pitiful, then 
 happy were I, though I tasted but one minute of that good 
 hap. Measure Montanus not by his fortunes but by his 
 loves, and balance not his wealth but his desires, and 
 lend but one gracious look to cure a heap of disquieted 
 cares. If not, ah ! if Phoebe cannot love, let a storm of 
 frowns end the discontent of my thoughts, and so let me 
 perish in my desires, because they are above my deserts : 
 only at my death this favour cannot be denied me, that all 
 shall say Montanus died for love of hard-hearted Phoebe.' 
 
 At these words she filled her face full of frowns, and made 
 him this short and sharp reply : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 121 
 
 'Importunate shepherd, whose loves are lawless, because 
 restless, are thy passions so extreme that thou canst not 
 conceal them with patience ? or art thou so folly-sick, that 
 thou must needs be fancy-sick, and in thy affection tied 
 to such an exigent, as none serves but Phoebe ? Well, sir, 
 if your market may be made no where else, home again, for 
 your mart is at the fairest. Phoebe is no lettuce for your 
 lips, and her grapes hangs so high, that gaze at them you may, 
 but touch them you cannot. Yet, Montanus, I speak not 
 this in pride, but in disdain ; not that I scorn thee, but that 
 I hate love ; for I count it as great honour to triumph over 
 fancy as over fortune. Rest thee content therefore, Montanu-? : 
 cease from thy loves, and bridle thy looks, quench the 
 sparkles before they grow to a further flame ; for in loving 
 me thou shalt live by loss, and what thou utterest in words 
 are all written in the wind. Wert thou, Montanus, as 
 fair as Paris, as hardy as Hector, as constant as Troilus, as 
 loving as Leander, Phoebe could not love, because she cannot 
 love at all : and therefore if thou pursue me with Phoebus, I 
 must fly with Daphne.' 
 
 Ganymede, overhearing all these passions of Montanus, 
 could not brook the cruelty of Phoebe, but starting from 
 behind the bush said : 
 
 *And if, damsel, you fled from me, I would transform 
 you as Daphne to a bay, and then in contempt trample your 
 branches under my feet.' 
 
 Phoebe at this sudden reply was amazed, especially when 
 
122 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 she saw so fair a swain as Ganymede ; blushing therefore, 
 she would have been gone, but that he held her by the hand, 
 and prosecuted his reply thus : 
 
 * What, shepherdess, so fair and so cruel ? Disdain 
 beseems not cottages, nor coyness maids ; for either they be 
 condemned to be too proud, or too froward. Take heed, 
 fair nymph, that in despising love, you be not overreached 
 with love, and in shaking off all, shape yourself to your own 
 shadow, and so with Narcissus prove passionate and yet 
 unpitied. Oft have I heard, and sometimes have I seen, 
 high disdain turned to hot desires. Because thou art 
 beautiful be not so coy : as there is nothing more fair, 
 so there is nothing more fading ; as momentary as the 
 shadows which grows from a cloudy sun. Such, my fair 
 shepherdess, as disdain in youth desire in age, and then 
 are they hated in the winter, that might have been loved 
 in the prime. A wrinkled maid is like to a parched rose, 
 that is cast up in coffers to please the smell, not worn in 
 the hand to content the eye. There is no folly in love 
 to had I nv'tsty and therefore be ruled by me. Love while 
 thou art young, least thou be disdained when thou art old. 
 Beauty nor time cannot be recalled, and if thou love, like 
 of Montanus ; for if his desires are many, so his deserts 
 are great.' 
 
 Phcebe all this while gazed on the perfection of Ganymede, 
 as deeply enamoured on his perfection as Montanus inveigled 
 with hers ; for her eye made survey of his excellent feature. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 
 
 123 
 
 which she found so rare, that she thought the ghost of Adonis 
 had been leaped from Elysium in the shape of a swain. When 
 she blushed at her own folly to look so long on a stranger, 
 she mildly made answer to Ganymede thus : 
 
 *I cannot deny, sir, but I have heard of Love, though I 
 never felt love ; and have read of such a goddess as Venus, 
 though I never saw any but her picture ; and, perhaps ' — 
 and with that she waxed red and bashful, and withal 
 silent ; which Ganymede perceiving, commended in herself 
 the bashfulness of the maid, and desired her to go forward. 
 
 * And perhaps, sir,' quoth she, * mine eye hath been more 
 prodigal to-day than ever before ' — and with that she stayed 
 again, as one greatly passionate and perplexed. 
 
 Aliena seeing the hare through the maze, bade her forward 
 with her prattle, but in vain ; for at this abrupt period she 
 broke off, and with her eyes full of tears, and her face 
 covered with a vermilion dye, she sate down and sighed. 
 Whereupon Aliena and Ganymede, seeing the shepherdess 
 in such a strange plight, left Phoebe with her Montanus, 
 wishing her friendly that she would be more pliant to Love, 
 lest in penance Venus joined her to some sharp repentance. 
 Phoebe made no reply, but fetched such a sigh, that Echo 
 made relation of her plaint, giving Ganymede such an adieu 
 with a piercing glance, that the amorous girl-boy perceived 
 Phoebe was pinched by the heel. 
 
 But leaving Phoebe to the follies of her new fancy, and 
 Montanus to attend upon her, to Saladyne, who all this last 
 
124 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 night could not rest for the remembrance of Aliena ; inso- 
 much that he framed a sweet conceited sonnet to content his 
 humour, which he put in his bosom, being requested by his 
 brother Rosader to go to Aliena and Ganymede, to signify 
 unto them that his wounds were not dangerous. A more 
 happy message could not happen to Saladyne, that taking 
 his forest bill on his neck, he trudgeth in all haste towards 
 the plains where Aliena's flocks did feed, coming just to 
 the place when they returned from Montanus and Phoebe. 
 Fortune so conducted this jolly forester, that he encountered 
 them and Corydon, whom he presently saluted in this manner : 
 
 ' Fair shepherdess, and too fair, unless your beauty be 
 tempered with courtesy, and the lineaments of the face graced 
 with the lowliness of mind, as many good fortunes to you 
 and your page, as yourselves can desire or I imagine. My 
 brother Rosader, in the grief of his green wounds still mind- 
 ful of his friends, hath sent me to you with a kind salute, 
 to show that he brooks his pains with the more patience, 
 in that he holds the parties precious in whose defence 
 he received the prejudice. The report of your welfare will 
 be a great comfort to his distempered body and distressed 
 thoughts, and therefore he sent me with a strict charge to 
 visit you.' 
 
 * And you,' quoth Aliena, *are the more welcome in that 
 you are messenger from so kind a gentleman, whose pains we 
 compassionate with as great sorrow as he brooks them with 
 grief; and his wounds breeds in us as many passions as in 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 125 
 
 him extremities, so that what disquiet he feels in body we 
 partake in heart, wishing, if we might, that our mishap might 
 salve his malady. But seeing our wills yields him little ease, 
 our orisons are never idle to the gods for his recovery/ 
 
 *I pray, youth,' quoth Ganymede with tears in his 
 eyes, < when the surgeon searched him, held he his wounds 
 dangerous ? ' 
 
 * Dangerous,' quoth Saladyne, * but, not mortal ; and the 
 sooner to be cured, in that his patient is not impatient of any 
 pains : whereupon my brother hopes within these ten days 
 to walk abroad and visit you himself.' 
 
 * In the meantime,' quoth Ganymede, * say his Rosalynde 
 commends her to him, and bids him be of good cheer.' 
 
 * I know not,' quoth Saladyne, < who that Rosalynde is, but 
 whatsoever she is, her name is never out of his mouth, but 
 amidst the deepest of his passions he useth Rosalynde as a 
 charm to appease all sorrows with patience ; insomuch that 
 I conjecture my brother is in love, and she some paragon 
 that holds his heart perplexed, whose name he oft records 
 with sighs, sometimes with tears, straight with joy, then 
 with smiles ; as if in one person love had lodged a Chaos of 
 confused passions. Wherein I have noted the variable dis- 
 position of fancy, that like the polype in colours, so it 
 changeth into sundry humours, being, as it should seem, a 
 combat mixed with disquiet and a bitter pleasure wrapped in 
 a sweet prejudice, like to the Sinople tree, whose blossoms 
 delight the smell, and whose fruit infects the taste.' 
 
126 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * By my faith,' quoth Aliena, * sir, you are deep read in 
 love, or grows your insight into affection by experience ? 
 Howsoever, you are a great philosopher in Venus' principles, 
 else could you not discover her secret aphorisms. But, sir, 
 our country amours are not like your courtly fancies, nor is 
 our wooing like your suing ; for poor shepherds never plain 
 them till love pain them, where the courtier's eyes is full of 
 passions, when his heart is most free from affection ; they 
 court to discover their eloquence, we woo to ease our 
 sorrows ; every fair face with them must have a new fancy 
 sealed with a forefinger kiss and a far-fetched sigh, we 
 here love one and live to that one so long as life can 
 maintain love, using few ceremonies because we know few 
 subtleties, and little eloquence for that we lightly account of 
 flattery; only faith and troth, that's shepherds' wooing; and, 
 sir, how like you of this ? ' 
 
 * So,' quoth Saladyne, * as I could tie myself to such love.' 
 *What, and look so low as a shepherdess, being the 
 
 son of Sir John of Bordeaux ? Such desires were a disgrace 
 to your honours.' And with that surveying exquisitely every 
 part of him, as uttering all these words in a deep passion, 
 she espied the paper in his bosom ; whereupon growing jealous 
 that it was some amorous sonnet, she suddenly snatched it out 
 of his bosom and asked if it were any secret. She was bash- 
 ful, and Saladyne blushed, which she preceiving, said : 
 
 *Nay then, sir, if you wax red, my life for yours 'tis 
 some love-matter. I will see your mistress' name, her 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 127 
 
 praises, and your passions.' And with that she looked on it, 
 which was written to this effect : 
 
 Saladyne's Sonnet 
 
 If it be true that heaven's eternal course 
 With restless sway and ceaseless turning glides ; 
 If air inconstant be, and swelling source 
 Turn and returns with many fluent tides ; 
 
 If earth in winter summer's pride estrange, 
 
 And nature seemeth only fair in change ; 
 
 If it be true that our immortal spright, 
 
 Derived from heavenly pure, in wand'ring still, 
 
 In novelty and strangeness doth delight, 
 
 And by discoverent power discerneth ill ; 
 And if the body for to work his best 
 Doth with the seasons change his place of rest ; 
 
 Whence comes it that, enforced by furious skies, 
 I change both place and soil, but not my heart, 
 Yet salve not in this change my maladies ? 
 Whence grows it that each object works my smart ? 
 
 Alas, I see my faith procures my miss, 
 
 And change in love against my nature is, 
 
 Et jlorida pungunt. 
 
 Aliena having read over his sonnet, began thus pleasantly 
 to descant upon it : 
 
 * I see, Saladyne,' quoth she, * that as the sun is no sun 
 without his brightness, nor the diamond accounted for precious 
 unless it be hard, so men are not men unless they be in love; 
 and their honours are measured by their amours, not their 
 
128 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 labours, counting it more commendable for a gentleman to be 
 full of fancy, than full of virtue. I had thought 
 
 Otia si tollas, periere Cupidinis arcus, 
 Contemptaeque jacent et sine luce faces. 
 
 But I see Ovid's axiom is not authentical, for even labour 
 hath her loves, and extremity is no pumice-stone to rase out 
 fancy. Yourself exiled from your wealth, friends, and 
 country by Torismond, sorrows enough to suppress affec- 
 tions, yet amidst the depth of these extremities, love will 
 be lord, and show his power to be more predominant than 
 fortune. But I pray you, sir, if without offence I may crave 
 it, are they some new thoughts, or some old desires ? ' 
 
 Saladyne, that now saw opportunity pleasant, thought to 
 strike while the iron was hot, and therefore taking Aliena 
 by the hand, sate down by her ; and Ganymede, to give 
 them leave to their loves, found herself busy about the 
 folds, whilst Saladyne fell into this prattle with Aliena : 
 
 * Fair mistress, if I be blunt in discovering my affections, 
 and use little eloquence in levelling out my loves, I appeal 
 for pardon to your own principles, that say, shepherds use 
 few ceremonies, for that they acquaint themselves with few 
 subtleties. To frame myself, therefore, to your country 
 fashion with much faith and little flattery, know, beautiful 
 shepherdess, that whilst I lived in the court I knew not 
 love's cumber, but I held affection as a toy, not as a malady ; 
 using fancy as the Hyperborei do their flowers, which they 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 129 
 
 wear in their bosom all day, and cast them in the fire for 
 fuel at night. I liked all, because I loved none, and who 
 was most fair, on her I fed mine eye, but as charily as the 
 bee, that as soon as she hath sucked honey from the rose, 
 flies straight to the next marigold. Living thus at mine 
 own list, I wondered at such as were in love, and when I 
 read their passions, I took them only for poems that flowed 
 from the quickness of the wit, not the sorrows of the heart. 
 But now, fair nymph, since I became a forester. Love hath 
 taught me such a lesson that I must confess his deity and 
 dignity, and say as there is nothing so precious as beauty, so 
 there is nothing more piercing than fancy. For since first I 
 arrived at this place, and mine eye took a curious survey of 
 your excellence, I have been so fettered with your beauty 
 and virtue, as, sweet Aliena, Saladyne without further circum- 
 stance loves Aliena. I could paint out my desires with long 
 ambages ; but seeing in many words lies mistrust, and that 
 truth is ever naked, let this suffice for a country wooing, 
 Saladyne loves Aliena, and none but Aliena.' 
 
 Although these words were most heavenly harmony in 
 the ears of the shepherdess, yet to seem coy at the first 
 courting, and to disdain love howsoever she desired love, she 
 made this reply : 
 
 *Ah, Saladyne, though I seem simple, yet I am more 
 subtle than to swallow the hook because it hath a painted 
 bait : as men are wily so women are wary, especially if they 
 have that wit by others' harms to beware. Do we not 
 
 K 
 
I30 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 know, Saladyne, men's tongues are like Mercury's pipe, that 
 can enchant Argus with an hundred eyes, and their words 
 as prejudicial as the charms of Circes, that transform men 
 into monsters. If such Sirens sing, we poor women had 
 need stop our ears, lest in hearing we prove so foolish 
 hardy as to believe them, and so perish in trusting much and 
 suspecting little. Saladyne, p'lscator ictus sapit^ he that hath 
 been once poisoned and afterwards fears not to bowse of 
 every potion, is worthy to suffer double penance. Give 
 me leave then to mistrust, though I do not condemn. 
 Saladyne is now in love with Aliena, he a gentleman of 
 great parentage, she a shepherdess of mean parents ; he 
 honourable and she poor ? Can love consist of contrarieties ? 
 Will the falcon perch with the kestrel, the lion harbour 
 with the wolf? Will Venus join robes and rags together, 
 or can there be a sympathy between a king and a beggar ? 
 Then, Saladyne, how can I believe thee that love should 
 unite our thoughts, when fortune hath set such a difference 
 between our degrees ? But suppose thou likest Aliena's 
 beauty : men in their fancy resemble the wasp, which scorns 
 that flower from which she hath fetched her wax ; playing 
 like the inhabitants of the island Tenerifa, who, when 
 they have gathered the sweet spices, use the trees for fuel ; 
 so men, when they have glutted themselves with the fair of 
 women's faces, hold them for necessary evils, and wearied 
 with that which they seemed so much to love, cast away 
 fancy as children do their rattles, and loathing that which 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 131 
 
 so deeply before they liked ; especially such as take love in 
 a minute and have their eyes attractive, like jet, apt to 
 entertain any object, are as ready to let it slip again.' 
 
 Saladyne, hearing how Aliena harped still upon one string, 
 which was the doubt of men's constancy, he broke off her 
 sharp invective thus : 
 
 *I grant, Aliena,' quoth he, 'many men have done amiss 
 in proving soon ripe and soon rotten ; but particular instances 
 infer no general conclusions, and therefore I hope what 
 others have faulted in shall not prejudice my favours. I will 
 not use sophistry to confirm my love, for that is subtlety ; nor 
 long discourses lest my words might be thought more than 
 my faith : but if this will suffice, that by the honour of a 
 gentleman I love Aliena, and woo Aliena, not to crop the 
 blossoms and reject the tree, but to consummate my faithful 
 desires in the honourable end of marriage.' 
 
 At the word marriage Aliena stood in a maze what to 
 answer, fearing that if she were too coy, to drive him away 
 with her disdain, and if she were too courteous, to discover 
 the heat of her desires. In a dilemma thus what to do, at 
 last this she said : 
 
 * Saladyne, ever since I saw thee, I favoured thee ; I 
 cannot dissemble my desires, because I see thou dost faith- 
 fully manifest thy thoughts, and in liking thee I love thee 
 so far as mine honour holds fancy still in suspense ; but if 
 I knew thee as virtuous as thy father, or as well qualified as 
 thy brother Rosader, the doubt should be quickly decided : 
 
132 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 but for this time to give thee an answer, assure thyself 
 this, I will either marry with Saladyne, or still live a virgin.* 
 And with this they strained one another's hand ; which 
 Ganymede espying, thinking he had had his mistress long 
 enough at shrift, said : 
 ^ < What, a match or no ? ' 
 j^ *A match,' quoth Aliena, * or else it were an ill market.' 
 
 * I am glad,' quoth Ganymede. * I would Rosader were 
 well here to make up a mess.' 
 
 < Well remembered,' quoth Saladyne ; * I forgot I left my 
 brother Rosader alone, and therefore lest being solitary he 
 should increase his sorrows, I will haste me to him. May it 
 please you, then, to command me any service to him, I am 
 ready to be a dutiful messenger.' 
 
 * Only at this time commend me to him,' quoth Aliena, 
 * and tell him, though we cannot pleasure him we pray for 
 him.' 
 
 * And forget not,' quoth Ganymede, * my commendations ; 
 but say to him that Rosalynde sheds as many tears from her 
 heart as he drops of blood from his wounds, for the sorrow 
 of his misfortunes, feathering all her thoughts with disquiet, 
 till his welfare procure her content. Say thus, good Saladyne, 
 and so farewell.' 
 
 He having his message, gave a courteous adieu to them 
 both, especially to Aliena, and so playing loath to depart, 
 went to his brother. But Aliena, she perplexed and yet 
 joyful, passed away the day pleasantly, still praising the 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 133 
 
 perfection of Saladyne, not ceasing to chat of her new love 
 till evening drew on ; and then they, folding their sheep, 
 went home to bed. Where we leave them and return to 
 Phoebe. 
 
 Phoebe, fired with the uncouth flame of love, returned to 
 her father's house, so galled with restless passions, as now 
 she began to acknowledge, that as there was no flower so 
 fresh but might be parched with the sun, no tree so strong 
 but might be shaken with a storm, so there was no thought 
 so chaste, but time armed with love could make amorous ; for 
 she that held Diana for the goddess of her devotion, was 
 now fain to fly to the altar of Venus, as suppliant now with 
 prayers, as she was forward before with disdain. As she 
 lay in her bed, she called to mind the several beauties of 
 young Ganymede ; first his locks, which being amber-hued, 
 passeth the wreath that Phoebus puts on to make his front 
 glorious ; his brow of ivory was like the seat where love 
 and majesty sits enthroned to enchain fancy; his eyes as 
 bright as the burnishing of the heaven, darting forth frowns 
 with disdain and smiles with favour, lightning such looks 
 as would inflame desire, were she wrapped in the circle of 
 the frozen zone ; in his cheeks the vermilion teinture of the 
 rose flourished upon natural alabaster, the blush of the morn 
 and Luna's silver show were so lively portrayed, that the 
 Troyan that fills out wine to Jupiter was not half so beauti- 
 ful ; his face was full of pleasance, and all the rest of his 
 lineaments proportioned with such excellence, as Phoebe was 
 
134 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 fettered in the sweetness of his feature. The idea of these 
 perfections tumbling in her mind made the poor shepherdess 
 so perplexed, as feehng a pleasure tempered with intolerable 
 pains, and yet a disquiet mixed with a content, she rather 
 wished to die than to live in this amorous anguish. But 
 wishing is little worth in such extremes, and therefore was 
 she forced to pine in her malady, without any salve for her 
 sorrows. Reveal it she durst not, as daring in such matters 
 to make none her secretary ; and to conceal it, why, it 
 doubled her grief; for as fire suppressed grows to the 
 greater flame, and the current stopped to the more violent 
 stream, so love smothered wrings the heart with the deeper 
 passions. 
 
 Perplexed thus with sundry agonies, her food began to 
 fail, and the disquiet of her mind began to work a distem- 
 perature of her body, that, to be short, Phoebe fell extreme 
 sick, and so sick as there was almost left no recovery of 
 health. Her father, seeing his fair Phoebe thus distressed, 
 sent for his friends, who sought by medicine to cure, and by 
 counsel to pacify, but all in vain ; for although her body 
 was feeble through long fasting, yet she did magis aegrotare 
 animo quam corpore. Which her friends perceived and 
 sorrowed at, but salve it they could not. 
 
 The news of her sickness was bruited abroad through all 
 the forest, which no sooner came to Montanus' ear, but he, 
 like a madman, came to visit Phoebe. Where sitting by her 
 bedside he began his exordium with so many tears and 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 135 
 
 sighs, that she, perceiving the extremity of his sorrows, 
 began now as a lover to pity them, although Ganymede 
 held her from redressing them. Montanus craved to know 
 the cause of her sickness, tempered with secret plaints, but 
 she answered him, as the rest, with silence, having still the 
 form of Ganymede in her mind, and conjecturing how she 
 might reveal her loves. To utter it in words she found 
 herself too bashful ; to discourse by any friend she would 
 not trust any in her amours ; to remain thus perplexed still 
 and conceal all, it was a double death. Whereupon, for her 
 last refuge, she resolved to write unto Ganymede, and there- 
 fore desired Montanus to absent himself a while, but not to 
 depart, for she would see if she could steal a nap. He 
 was no sooner gone out of the chamber, but reaching to her 
 standish, she took pen and paper, and wrote a letter to 
 this effect : 
 
 * Phoebe to Ganymede wisheth what she wants herself. 
 
 Fair shepherd — and therefore is Phoebe infortunate, 
 because thou art so fair — although hitherto mine eyes were 
 adamants to resist love, yet I no sooner saw thy face, but 
 they became amorous to entertain love ; more devoted to 
 fancy than before they were repugnant to affection, addicted 
 to the one by nature and drawn to the other by beauty : 
 which, being rare and made the more excellent by many 
 virtues, hath so snared the freedom of Phoebe, as she rests 
 at thy mercy, either to be made the most fortunate of all 
 
136 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 maidens, or the most miserable of all women. Measure not, 
 Ganymede, my loves by my wealth, nor my desires by my 
 degrees ; but think my thoughts as full of faith, as thy face 
 of amiable favours. Then, as thou knowest thyself most 
 beautiful, suppose me most constant. If thou deemest me 
 hard-hearted because I hated Montanus, think I was forced 
 to it by fate ; if thou sayest I am kind-hearted because so 
 lightly I love thee at the first look, think I was driven to it 
 by destiny, whose influence, as it is mighty, so is it not to be 
 resisted. If my fortunes were anything but infortunate love, 
 I would strive with fortune ; but he that wrests against the 
 will of Venus, seeks to quench fire with oil, and to thrust 
 out one thorn by putting in another. If then, Ganymede, 
 love enters at the eye, harbours in the heart, and will neither 
 be driven out with physic nor reason, pity me, as one 
 whose malady hath no salve but from thy sweet self, whose 
 grief hath no ease but through thy grant ; and think I am 
 a virgin who is deeply wronged when I am forced to woo, 
 and conjecture love to be strong, that is more forcible than 
 nature. Thus distressed unless by thee eased, I expect 
 either to live fortunate by thy favour, or die miserable by 
 thy denial. Living in hope. Farewell. 
 
 She that must be thine, 
 
 or not be at all, 
 
 Phoebe.* 
 
 To this letter she annexed this sonnet : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 137 
 
 SONETTO 
 
 My boat doth pass the straits 
 
 of seas incensed with fire, 
 Filled with forgetfulness ; 
 
 amidst the winter's night, 
 A blind and careless boy, 
 
 brought up by fond desire. 
 Doth guide me in the sea 
 
 of sorrow and despite. 
 
 For every oar he sets 
 
 a rank of foolish thoughts. 
 And cuts, instead of wave, 
 
 a hope without distress ; 
 The winds of my deep sighs, 
 
 that thunder still for noughts, 
 Have split my sails with fear, 
 
 with care and h-javiness. 
 
 A mighty storm of tears, 
 
 a black and hideous cloud, 
 A thousand fierce disdains 
 
 do slack the halyards oft ; 
 Till ignorance do pull, 
 
 and error hale the shrouds, 
 No star for safety shines, 
 
 no Phoebe from aloft. 
 
 Time hath subdued art, 
 
 and joy is slave to woe: 
 Alas, Love's guide, be kind! 
 
 what, shall I perish so ? 
 
 This letter and the sonnet being ended, she could find no 
 
138 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 fit messenger to send it by, and therefore she called in 
 Montanus, and entreated him to carry it to Ganymede. 
 Although poor Montanus saw day at a little hole, and did 
 perceive what passion pinched her, yet, that he might seem 
 dutiful to his mistress in all service, he dissembled the 
 matter, and became a willing messenger of his own martyr- 
 dom. And so, taking the letter, went the next morn very 
 early to the plains where Aliena fed her flocks, and there 
 he found Ganymede, sitting under a pomegranate tree, 
 sorrowing for the hard fortunes of her Rosader. Montanus 
 saluted him, and according to his charge delivered Ganymede 
 the letters, which, he said, came from Phoebe. At this the 
 wanton blushed, as being abashed to think what news 
 should come from an unknown shepherdess ; but taking the 
 letters, unripped the seals, and read over the discourse of 
 Phoebe's fancies. When she had read and over-read them 
 Ganymede began to smile, and looking on Montanus, fell 
 into a great laughter, and with that called Aliena, to whom 
 she showed the writings. Who, having perused them, 
 conceited them very pleasantly, and smiled to see how love 
 had yoked her, who before would not stoop to the lure ; 
 Aliena whispering Ganymede in the ear, and saying, * Knew 
 Phoebe what want there were in thee to perform her will, 
 and how unfit thy kind is to be kind to her, she would be 
 more wise, and less enamoured ; but leaving that, I pray thee 
 let us sport with this swain.' At that word Ganymede, 
 turning to Montanus, began to glance at him thus : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 139 
 
 * I pray thee, tell me, shepherd, by those sweet thoughts 
 and pleasing sighs that grow from my mistress' favours, art 
 thou in love with Phoebe ? ' 
 
 * Oh, my youth,' quoth Montanus, * were Phoebe so far in 
 love with me, my flocks would be more fat and their 
 master more quiet ; for through the sorrows of my discon- 
 tent grows the leanness of my sheep.' 
 
 * Alas, poor swain,' quoth Ganymede, * are thy passions 
 so extreme or thy fancy so resolute, that no reason will 
 blemish the pride of thy affection, and rase out that which 
 thou strivest for without hope ? ' 
 
 * Nothing can make me forget Phoebe, while Montanus for- 
 get himself; for those characters which true love hath stamped, 
 neither the envy of time nor fortune can wipe away.' 
 
 * Why but, Montanus,' quoth Ganymede, * enter with a 
 deep insight into the despair of thy fancies, and thou shalt 
 see the depth of thine own follies ; for, poor man, thy pro- 
 gress in love is a regress to loss, swimming against the stream 
 with the crab, and flying with Apis Indica against wind 
 and weather. Thou seekest with Phoebus to win Daphne, 
 and she flies faster than thou canst follow : thy desires soar 
 with the hobby, but her disdain reacheth higher than thou 
 canst make wing. I tell thee, Montanus, in courting Phoebe, 
 thou barkest with the wolves of Syria against the moon, and 
 rovest at such a mark, with thy thoughts, as is beyond the 
 pitch of thy bow, praying to Love, when Love is pitiless, 
 and thy malady remediless. For proof, Montanus, read these 
 
HO ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 letters, wherein thou shalt see thy great follies and little 
 hope.' 
 
 With that Montanus took them and perused them, but 
 with such sorrow in his looks, as they betrayed a source of 
 confused passions in his heart ; at every line his colour 
 changed, and every sentence was ended with a period of 
 sighs. 
 
 At last, noting Phoebe's extreme desire toward Ganymede 
 and her disdain towards him, giving Ganymede the letter, 
 the shepherd stood as though he had neither won nor lost. 
 Which Ganymede perceiving wakened him out of his dream 
 thus : 
 
 * Now, Montanus, dost thou see thou vowest great service 
 and obtainest but little reward ; but in lieu of thy loyalty, 
 she maketh thee, as Bellerophon, carry thine own bane. 
 Then drink not willingly of that potion wherein thou 
 knowest is poison ; creep not to her that cares not for thee. 
 What, Montanus, there are many as fair as Phoebe, but 
 most of all more courteous than Phoebe. I tell thee, 
 shepherd, favour is love's fuel ; then since thou canst not 
 get that, let the flame vanish into smoke, and rather sorrow 
 for a while than repent thee for ever.' 
 
 * I tell thee, Ganymede,' quoth Montanus, * as they which 
 are stung with the scorpion, cannot be recovered but by the 
 scorpion, nor he that was wounded with Achilles' lance be 
 cured but with the same truncheon, so Apollo was fain to 
 cry out that love was only eased with love, and fancy healed 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 141 
 
 by no medicine but favour. Phoebus had herbs to heal all 
 hurts but this passion ; Circes had charms for all chances 
 but for affection, and Mercury subtle reasons to refel all 
 griefs but love. Persuasions are bootless, reason lends no 
 remedy, counsel no comfort, to such whom fancy hath 
 made resolute ; and therefore though Phoebe loves Ganymede, 
 yet Montanus must honour none but Phoebe.' 
 
 * Then,' quoth Ganymede, * may I rightly term thee a 
 despairing lover, that livest without joy, and lovest without 
 hope. But what shall I do, Montanus, to pleasure thee ? Shall 
 I despise Phoebe, as she disdains thee ? ' 
 
 * Oh,' quoth Montanus, * that were to renew my griefs, 
 and double my sorrows ; for the sight of her discontent 
 were the censure of my death. Alas, Ganymede ! though I 
 perish in my thoughts, let not her die in her desires. Of 
 all passions, love is most impatient : then let not so fair 
 a creature as Phoebe sink under the burden of so deep 
 a distress. Being lovesick, she is proved heartsick, and 
 all for the beauty of Ganymede. Thy proportion hath 
 entangled her affection, and she is snared in the beauty of 
 thy excellence. Then, sith she loves thee so dear, mislike 
 not her deadly. Be thou paramour to such a paragon : she 
 hath beauty to content thine eye, and flocks to enrich thy 
 store. Thou canst not wish for more than thou shalt win by 
 her ; for she is beautiful, virtuous and wealthy, three deep 
 persuasions to make love frolic' 
 
 Aliena seeing Montanus cut it against the hair, and plead 
 
142 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 that Ganymede ought to love Phoebe, when his only life was 
 the love of Phoebe, answered him thus : 
 
 * Why, Montanus, dost thou further this motion, seeing 
 if Ganymede marry Phoebe thy market is clean marred ? ' 
 
 * Ah, mistress,* quoth he, * so hath love taught me to honour 
 Phoebe, that I would prejudice my life to pleasure her, and 
 die in despair rather than she should perish for want. It 
 shall suffice me to see her contented, and to feed mine eye 
 on her favour. If she marry, though it be my martyrdom, 
 yet if she be pleased I will brook it with patience, and 
 triumph in mine own stars to see her desires satisfied. 
 Therefore, if Ganymede be as courteous as he is beautiful, 
 let him show his virtues in redressing Phoebe's miseries.' 
 And this Montanus pronounced with such an assured counten- 
 ance, that it amazed both Aliena and Ganymede to see the 
 resolution of his loves ; so that they pitied his passions and 
 commended his patience, devising how they might by any 
 subtlety get Montanus the favour of Phoebe. Straight, as 
 women's heads are full of wiles, Ganymede had a fetch to 
 force Phoebe to fancy the shepherd, malgrado the resolution 
 of her mind : he prosecuted his policy thus : 
 
 * Montanus,' quoth he, * seeing Phoebe is so forlorn, lest 
 I might be counted unkind in not salving so fair a creature, 
 I will go with thee to Phoebe, and there hear herself in 
 word utter that which she hath discoursed with her pen ; and 
 then, as love wills me, I will set down my censure. I will 
 home by our house, and send Corydon to accompany Aliena. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 143 
 
 Montanus seemed glad of this determination and away they 
 go towards the house of Phoebe. 
 
 When they drew nigh to the cottage, Montanus ran before, 
 and went in and told Phoebe that Ganymede was at the door. 
 This word * Ganymede,' sounding in the ears of Phoebe, drave 
 her into such an ecstasy for joy, that rising up in her bed, she 
 was half revived, and her wan colour began to wax red; 
 and with that came Ganymede in, who saluted Phoebe with 
 such a courteous look, that it was half a salve to her sorrows. 
 Sitting him down by her bedside, he questioned about her 
 disease, and where the pain chiefly held her ? Phoebe 
 looking as lovely as Venus in her night-gear, tainting her 
 face with as ruddy a blush as Clytia did when she bewrayed 
 her loves to Phoebus, taking Ganymede by the hand began 
 thus : 
 
 * Fair shepherd, if love were not more strong than 
 nature, or fancy the sharpest extreme, my immodesty were 
 the more, and my virtues the less ; for nature hath framed 
 women's eyes bashful, their hearts full of fear, and their 
 tongues full of silence ; but love, that imperious love, where 
 his power is predominant, then he perverts all, and wresteth 
 the wealth of nature to his own will ; an instance in my- 
 self, fair Ganymede, for such a fire hath he kindled in 
 my thoughts, that to find ease for the flame, I was forced to 
 pass the bounds of modesty, and seek a salve at thy hands 
 for my harms. Blame me not if I be overbold for it is 
 thy beauty, and if I be too forward it is fancy, and the 
 
144 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 deep insight into thy virtues that makes me thus fond ; for 
 let me say in a word what may be contained in a volume, 
 Phoebe loves Ganymede.' 
 
 At this she held down her head and wept, and Ganymede 
 rose as one that would suffer no fish to hang on his fingers, 
 made this reply : 
 
 * Water not thy plants, Phoebe, for I do pity thy plaints, 
 nor seek not to discover thy loves in tears, for I conjecture 
 thy truth by thy passions : sorrow is no salve for loves, nor 
 sighs no remedy for affection. Therefore frolic, Phoebe ; 
 for if Ganymede can cure thee, doubt not of recovery. Yet 
 this let me say without offence, that it grieves mc to thwart 
 Montanus in his fancies, seeing his desires have been so 
 resolute, and his thoughts so loyal. But thou allegest that 
 thou art forced from him by fate : so I tell thee, Phoebe, either 
 some star or else some destiny fits my mind, rather with 
 Adonis to die in chase than be counted a wanton on Venus' 
 knee. Although I pity thy martyrdom, yet I can grant no 
 marriage ; for though I held thee fair, yet mine eye is not 
 fettered. Love grows not, like the herb Spattana, to his 
 perfection in one night, but creeps with the snail, and yet 
 at last attains to the top. Fest'ina lente, especially in love, 
 for momentary fancies are oft-times the fruits of follies. 
 If, Phoebe, I should like thee as the Hyperborei do their 
 dates, which banquet with them in the morning and throw 
 them away at night, my folly should be great, and thy 
 repentance more. Therefore I will have time to turn my 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 145 
 
 thoughts, and my loves shall grow up as the watercresses, 
 slowly, but with a deep root. Thus, Phoebe, thou mayest 
 see I disdain not, though I desire not ; remaining indifferent 
 till time and love makes me resolute. Therefore, Phoebe, 
 seek not to suppress affection, and with the love of 
 Montanus quench the remembrance of Ganymede ; strive 
 thou to hate me as I seek to like of thee, and ever have the 
 duties of Montanus in thy mind, for I promise thee thou 
 mayest have one more wealthy, but not more loyal.' These 
 words were corrosives to the perplexed Phoebe, that sobbing 
 out sighs, and straining out tears, she blubbered out these 
 words : 
 
 * And shall I then have no salve of Ganymede but suspense, 
 no hope but a doubtful hazard, no comfort, but be posted 
 off to the will of time ? Justly have the gods balanced my 
 fortunes, who, being cruel to Montanus, found Ganymede as 
 unkind to myself; so in forcing him perish for love, I shall 
 die myself with overmuch love.' 
 
 * I am glad,' quoth Ganymede, * you look into your own 
 faults, and see where your shoe wrings you, measuring now 
 the pains of Montanus by your own passions.' 
 
 * Truth,' quoth Phoebe, * and so deeply I repent me of my 
 frowardness toward the shepherd, that could I cease to 
 love Ganymede, I would resolve to like Montanus.' 
 
 * What, if I can with reason persuade Phoebe to mislike of 
 Ganymede, will she then favour Montanus ? ' 
 
 * When reason,' quoth she, * doth quench that love I owe 
 
146 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 to thee, then will I fancy him ; conditionally, that if my 
 love can be suppressed with no reason, as being without 
 reason Ganymede will only wed himself to Phoebe.* 
 
 * I grant it, fair shepherdess,' quoth he ; * and to feed 
 thee with the sweetness of hope, this resolve on : I will 
 never marry myself to woman but unto thyself.' 
 
 And with that Ganymede gave Phoebe a fruitless kiss, 
 and such words of comfort, that before Ganymede departed 
 she arose out of her bed, and made him and Montanus such 
 cheer, as could be found in such a country cottage ; Gany- 
 mede in the midst of their banquet rehearsing the promises 
 of either in Montanus' favour, which highly pleased the 
 shepherd. Thus, all three content, and soothed up in hope, 
 Ganymede took his leave of his Phoebe and departed, leaving 
 her a contented woman, and Montanus highly pleased. But 
 poor Ganymede, who had her thoughts on her Rosader, 
 when she called to remembrance his wounds, filled her eyes 
 full of tears, and her heart full of sorrows, plodded to fmd 
 Aliena at the folds, thinking with her presence to drive 
 away her passions. As she came on the plains she might 
 espy where Rosader and Saladyne sate with Aliena under the 
 shade; which sight was a salve to her grief, and such a 
 cordial unto her heart, that she tripped alongst the lawns full 
 of joy. 
 
 At last Corydon, who was with them, spied Ganymede, 
 and with that the clown rose, and, running to meet him, 
 cried : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 147 
 
 * O sirrah, a match, a match ! our mistress shall be married 
 on Sunday.' 
 
 Thus the poor peasant frolicked it before Ganymede, who 
 coming to the crew saluted them all, and especially Rosader, 
 saying that he was glad to see him so well recovered of his 
 wounds. 
 
 * I had not gone abroad so soon,' quoth Rosader, * but 
 that I am bidden to a marriage, which, on Sunday next, 
 must be solemnized between my brother and Aliena. I 
 see well where love leads delay is loathsome, and that small 
 wooing serves where both the parties are willing.' 
 
 * Truth,' quoth Ganymede ; * but a happy day should it 
 be, if Rosader that day might be married to Rosalynde.' 
 
 * Ah, good Ganymede,' quoth he, * by naming Rosalynde, 
 renew not my sorrows ; for the thought of her perfections is 
 the thrall of my miseries.' 
 
 * Tush, be of good cheer, man,' quoth Ganymede : < I 
 have a friend that is deeply experienced in negromancy and 
 magic ; what art can do shall be acted for thine advantage. 
 I will cause him to bring in Rosalynde, if either France or 
 any bordering nation harbour her ; and upon that take the 
 faith of a young shepherd.' 
 
 Aliena smiled to see how Rosader frowned, thinking that 
 Ganymede had jested with him. But, breaking off from 
 those matters, the page, somewhat pleasant, began to discourse 
 unto them what had passed between him and Phoebe ; which, 
 as they laughed, so they wondered at, all confessing that 
 
148 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 there is none so chaste but love will change. Thus they 
 passed away the day in chat, and when the sun began to set 
 they took their leaves and departed ; Aliena providing for 
 their marriage day such solemn cheer and handsome robes 
 as fitted their country estate, and yet somewhat the better, in 
 that Rosader had promised to bring Gerismond thither as a 
 guest. Ganymede, who then meant to discover herself before 
 her father, had made her a gown of green, and a kirtle of 
 the finest sendal, in such sort that she seemed some heavenly 
 nymph harboured in country attire. 
 
 Saladyne was not behind in care to set out the nuptials, 
 nor Rosader unmindful to bid guests, who invited Gerismond 
 and all his followers to the feast, who willingly granted, 
 so that there was nothing but the day wanting to this 
 marriage. 
 
 In the meanwhile, Phoebe being a bidden guest made her- 
 self as gorgeous as might be to please the eye of Ganymede ; 
 and Montanus suited himself with the cost of many of his 
 flocks to be gallant against the day, for then was Gany- 
 mede to give Phoebe an answer of her loves, and Montanus 
 either to hear the doom of his misery, or the censure of 
 his happiness. But while this gear was a-brewing, Phoebe 
 passed not one day without visiting her Ganymede, so far 
 was she wrapped in the beauties of this lovely swain. Much 
 prattle they had, and the discourse of many passions, Phoebe 
 wishing for the day, as she thought, of her welfare, and 
 Ganymede smiling to think what unexpected events would 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 149 
 
 fall out at the wedding. In these humours the week went 
 away, that at last Sunday came. 
 
 No sooner did Phoebus' henchman appear in the sky, to 
 give warning that his master's horses should be trapped in his 
 glorious coach, but Corydon, in his holiday suit, marvellous 
 seemly, in a russet jacket, welted with the same and faced 
 with red worsted, having a pair of blue chamlet sleeves, 
 bound at the wrists with four yellow laces, closed before very 
 richly with a dozen of pewter buttons ; his hose was of grey 
 kersey, with a large slop barred overthwart the pocket-holes 
 with three fair guards, stitched of either side with red thread ; 
 his stock was of the own, sewed close to his breech, and for 
 to beautify his hose, he had trussed himself round with a 
 dozen of new-threaden points of medley colour : his bonnet 
 was green, whereon stood a copper brooch with the picture 
 of Saint Denis ; and to want nothing that might make him 
 amorous in his old days, he had a fair shirt-band of fine 
 lockram, whipped over with Coventry blue of no small cost. 
 Thus attired, Corydon bestirred himself as chief stickler in 
 these actions, and had strowed all the house with flowers, 
 that it seemed rather some of Flora's choice bowers than 
 any country cottage. 
 
 Thither repaired Phoebe with all the maids of the forest, 
 to set out the bride in the most seemliest sort that might be ; 
 but howsoever she helped to prank out AHena, yet her eye 
 was still on Ganymede, who was so neat in a suit of grey, 
 that he seemed Endymion when he won Luna with his looks, 
 
I50 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 or Paris when he played the swain to get the beauty of the 
 nymph Oenone. Ganymede, like a pretty page, waited on 
 his mistress Aliena, and overlooked that all was in a readiness 
 against the bridegroom should come ; who, attired in a forester's 
 suit, came accompanied with Gerismond and his brother 
 Rosader early in the morning ; where arrived, they were 
 solemnly entertained by Aliena and the rest of the country 
 swains ; Gerismond very highly commending the fortunate 
 choice of Saladyne, in that he had chosen a shepherdess, 
 whose virtues appeared in her outward beauties, being no 
 less fair than seeming modest. Ganymede coming in, and 
 seeing her father, began to blush, nature working affects by 
 her secret effects. Scarce could she abstain from tears to 
 see her father in so low fortunes, he that was wont to sit in 
 his royal palace, attended on by twelve noble peers, now 
 to be contented with a simple cottage, and a troop of revel- 
 ling woodmen for his train. The consideration of his fall 
 made Ganymede full of sorrows ; yet, that she might triumph 
 over fortune with patience, and not any way dash that merry 
 day with her dumps, she smothered her melancholy with a 
 shadow of mirth, and very reverently welcomed the king, 
 not according to his former degree, but to his present estate, 
 with such diligence as Gerismond began to commend the 
 page for his exquisite person and excellent qualities. 
 
 As thus the king with his foresters frolicked it among the 
 shepherds, Corydon came in with a fair mazer full of cider, 
 and presented it to Gerismond with such a clownish salute 
 that he began to smile, and took it of the old shepherd very 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 151 
 
 kindly, drinking to Aliena and the rest of her fair maids, 
 amongst whom Phoebe was the foremost. Aliena pledged 
 the king, and drunk to Rosader ; so the carouse went round 
 from him to Phoebe, &c. As they were thus drinking and 
 ready to go to church, came in Montanus, apparelled all in 
 tawny, to signify that he was forsaken ; on his head he 
 wore a garland of willow, his bottle hanged by his side, 
 whereon was painted despair, and on his sheep-hook hung 
 two sonnets, as labels of his loves and fortunes. 
 
 Thus attired came Montanus in, with his face as full of 
 grief as his heart was of sorrows, showing in his counte- 
 nance the map of extremities. As soon as the shepherds 
 saw him, they did him all the honour they could, as being the 
 flower of all the swains in Arden ; for a bonnier boy was 
 there not seen since that wanton wag of Troy that kept sheep 
 in Ida. He, seeing the king, and guessing it to be Gerismond, 
 did him all the reverence his country courtesy could afford ; 
 insomuch that the king, wondering at his attire, began to 
 question what he was. Montanus overhearing him, made 
 
 this reply : 
 
 * I am, sir,' quoth he, * Love's swain, as full of inward 
 discontents as I seem fraught with outward follies. Mine 
 eyes like bees delight in sweet flowers, but sucking their full 
 on the fair of beauty, they carry home to the hive of my 
 heart far more gall than honey, and for one drop of pure 
 dew, a ton full of deadly Aconiton. I hunt with the fly to 
 pursue the eagle, that flying too nigh the sun, I perish with 
 the sun ; my thoughts are above my reach, and my desires 
 
152 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 more than my fortunes, yet neither greater than my loves. 
 But daring with Phaethon, I fall with Icarus, and seeking 
 to pass the mean, I die for being so mean ; my night- 
 sleeps are waking slumbers, as full of sorrows as they be far 
 from rest ; and my days' labours are fruitless amours, staring at 
 a star and stumbling at a straw, leaving reason to follow after 
 repentance ; yet every passion is a pleasure though it pinch, 
 because love hides his wormseed in figs, his poisons in 
 sweet potions, and shadows prejudice with the mask of 
 pleasure. The wisest counsellors are my deep discontents, 
 and I hate that which should salve my harm, like the patient 
 which stung with the Tarantula loathes music, and yet the 
 disease incurable but by melody. Thus, sir, restless I hold 
 myself remediless, as loving without either reward or regard, 
 and yet loving because there is none worthy to be loved but 
 the mistress of my thoughts. And that I am as full of 
 passions as I have discoursed in my plaints, sir, if you please, 
 see my sonnets, and by them censure of my sorrows.' 
 
 These words of Montanus brought the king into a great 
 wonder, amazed as much at his wit as his attire, insomuch 
 that he took the papers off his hook, and read them to this 
 effect : 
 
 Montanus' first Sonnet 
 
 Alas I how wander I amidst these woods 
 
 Whereas no day-bright shine doth find access ; 
 
 But where the melancholy fleeting floods, 
 
 Park as the night, my night of woes express. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 153 
 
 Disarmed of reason, spoiled of nature's goods, 
 Without redress to salve my heaviness 
 
 I walk, whilst thought, too cruel to my harms. 
 With endless grief my heedless judgment charms. 
 
 My silent tongue assailed by secret fear. 
 
 My traitorous eyes imprisoned in their joy. 
 My fatal peace devoured in feigned cheer. 
 My heart enforced to harbour in annoy. 
 My reason robbed of power by yielding ear. 
 My fond opinions slave to every toy. 
 
 O Love 1 thou guide in my uncertain way, 
 
 Woe to thy bow, thy fire, the cause of my decay. 
 
 Et jlorida pungunt. 
 
 When the king had read this sonnet he highly commended 
 the device of the shepherd, that could so wittily wrap his 
 passions in a shadow, and so covertly conceal that which 
 bred his chiefest discontent; affirming, that as the least 
 shrubs have their tops, the smallest hairs their shadows, 
 so the meanest swains had their fancies, and in their kind 
 were as chary of love as a king. Whetted on with this 
 device, he took the second and read it : the effects were 
 these : 
 
 MoNTANUs' SECOND SoNNET 
 
 When the Dog 
 Full of rage. 
 
 With his ireful eyes 
 
 Frowns amidst the skies, 
 
154 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 The shepherd, to assuage 
 
 The fury of the heat, 
 
 Himself doth safely seat 
 By a fount 
 Full of fair, 
 
 Where a gentle breath, 
 
 Mounting from beneath, 
 Tempereth the air. 
 There his flocks 
 Drink their fill, 
 
 And with ease repose. 
 
 Whilst sweet sleep doth close 
 Eyes from toilsome ill. 
 But I burn 
 Without rest. 
 
 No defensive power 
 
 Shields from Phoebe's lour ; 
 Sorrow is my best. 
 Gentle Love, 
 Lour no more ; 
 
 If thou wilt invade 
 
 In the secret shade. 
 Labour not so sore. 
 I myself 
 And my flocks. 
 
 They their love to please, 
 
 1 myself to ease. 
 Both leave the shady oaks ; 
 
 Content to burn in fire, 
 
 Sith Love doth so desire. 
 
 Et jlorida putigtint. 
 
 Gerismond, seeing the pithy vein of those sonnets, began 
 to make further inquiry what he was. Whereupon Rosader 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 155 
 
 discoursed unto him the love of Montanus to Phoebe, his great 
 loyalty and her deep cruelty, and how in revenge the gods 
 had made the curious nymph amorous of young Ganymede. 
 Upon this discourse the king was desirous to see Phoebe, 
 who being brought before Gerismond by Rosader, shadowed 
 the beauty of her face with such a vermilion teinture, that 
 the king^s eyes began to dazzle at the purity of her excellence. 
 After Gerismond had fed his looks awhile upon her fair, 
 he questioned with her why she rewarded Montanus' love 
 with so little regard, seeing his deserts were many, and his 
 passions extreme. Phoebe, to make reply to the king's 
 demand, answered thus : 
 
 * Love, sir, is charity in his laws, and whatsoever he sets 
 down for justice, be it never so unjust, the sentence cannot 
 be reversed ; women's fancies lend favours not ever by desert, 
 but as they are enforced by their desires ; for fancy is 
 tied to the wings of fate, and what the stars decree, stands 
 for an infallible doom. I know Montanus is wise, and 
 women's ears are greatly delighted with wit, as hardly escap- 
 ing the charm of a pleasant tongue, as Ulysses the melody of 
 the Sirens. Montanus is beautiful, and women's eyes are 
 snared in the excellence of objects, as desirous to feed their 
 looks with a fair face, as the bee to suck on a sweet flower. 
 Montanus is wealthy, and an ounce of give me persuades a 
 woman more than a pound of hear me. Danae was won 
 with a golden shower, when she could not be gotten with all 
 the entreaties of Jupiter. I tell you, sir, the string of a 
 
156 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 woman's heart reacheth to the pulse of her hand ; and let a 
 man rub that with gold, and 'tis hard but she will prove his 
 heart's gold. Montanus is young, a great clause in fancy's 
 court ; Montanus is virtuous, the richest argument that love 
 yields ; and yet knowing all these perfections, I praise them 
 and wonder at them, loving the qualities, but not affecting 
 the person, because the destinies have set down a contrary 
 censure. Yet Venu';, to add revenge, hath given me wine of 
 the same grape, a sip of the same sauce, and firing me with 
 the like passion, hath crossed me with as ill a penance ; for I 
 am in love with a shepherd's swain, as coy to me as I am 
 cruel to Montanus, as peremptory in disdain as I was perverse 
 in desire ; and that is,' quoth she, * Aliena's page, young 
 Ganymede.' 
 
 Gerismond, desirous to prosecute the end of these passions, 
 called in Ganymede, who, knowing the case, came in graced 
 with such a blush, as beautified the crystal of his face with 
 a ruddy brightness. The king noting well the physnomy of 
 Ganymede, began by his favours to call to mind the face of 
 his Rosalynde, and with that fetched a deep sigh. Rosader, 
 that was passing familiar with Gerismond, demanded of him 
 why he sighed so sore. 
 
 * Because Rosader,' quoth he, * the favour of Ganymede 
 puts me in mind of Rosalynde.' 
 
 At this word Rosader sighed so deeply, as though his 
 heart would have burst. 
 
 *And what's the matter,' quoth Gerismond, 'that you 
 quite me with such a sigh ? ' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 157 
 
 * Pardon me, sir/ quoth Rosader, ' because I love none 
 but Rosalynde.' 
 
 *And upon that condition,' quoth Gerismond, * that 
 Rosalynde were here, I would this day make up a marriage 
 betwixt her and thee.' 
 
 At this Aliena turned her head and smiled upon Ganymede, 
 and she could scarce keep countenance. Yet she salved all 
 with secrecy ; and Gerismond, to drive away his dumps, 
 questioned with Ganymede, what the reason was he 
 regarded not Phoebe's love, seeing she was as fair as the 
 wanton that brought Troy to ruin. Ganymede mildly 
 answered : 
 
 < If I should affect the fair Phoebe, I should offer poor 
 Montanus great wrong to win that from him in a moment, 
 that he hath laboured for so many months. Yet have I 
 promised to the beautiful shepherdess to wed myself never 
 to woman except unto her ; but with this promise, that if I 
 can by reason suppress Phoebe's love towards me, she shall 
 like of none but of Montanus.' 
 
 « To that,' quoth Phoebe, * I stand ; for my love is so far 
 beyond reason, as will admit no persuasion of reason.' 
 
 ' For justice,' quoth he, < I appeal to Gerismond.' 
 
 * And to his censure will I stand,' quoth Phoebe. 
 
 * And in your victory,' quoth Montanus, * stands the hazard 
 of my fortunes ; for if Ganymede go away with conquest, 
 Montanus is in conceit love's monarch ; if Phoebe win, then 
 am I in effect most miserable.' 
 
 * We will see this controversy/ quoth Gerismond, * and then 
 
158 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 we will to church. Therefore, Ganymede, let us hear your 
 argument. ' 
 
 * Nay, pardon my absence a while,' quoth she, * and you 
 shall see one in store.' 
 
 In went Ganymede and dressed herself in woman's attire, 
 having on a gown of green, with kirtle of rich sendal, so 
 quaint, that she seemed Diana triumphing in the forest ; 
 upon her head she wore a chaplet of roses, which gave her 
 such a grace that she looked like Flora perked in the pride of 
 all her flowers. Thus attired came Rosalynde in, and presented 
 herself at her father's feet, with her eyes full of tears, crav- 
 ing his blessing, and discoursing unto him all her fortunes, 
 how she was banished by Torismond, and how ever since 
 she lived in that country disguised. 
 
 Gerismond, seeing his daughter, rose from his seat and fell 
 upon her neck, uttering the passions of his joy in watery 
 plaints, driven into such an ecstasy of content, that he could 
 not utter one word. At this sight, if Rosader was both 
 amazed and joyful, I refer myself to the judgment of such 
 as have experience in love, seeing his Rosalynde before his 
 face whom so long and deeply he had affected. At last 
 Gerismond recovered his spirits, and in most fatherly 
 terms entertained his daughter Rosalynde, after many 
 questions demanding of her what had passed between her 
 and Rosader ? 
 
 * So much, sir,' quoth she, * as there wants nothing but 
 your grace to make up the marriage.' 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 159 
 
 < Why, then,' quoth Gerismond, * Rosader take her : she 
 is thine, and let this day solemnize both thy brother's and thy 
 nuptials.' Rosader beyond measure content, humbly thanked 
 the king, and embraced his Rosalynde, who turning to Phoebe, 
 demanded if she had shown sufficient reason to suppress the 
 force of her loves. 
 
 * Yea,' quoth Phoebe, ' and so great a persuasive, that if it 
 please you, madame, and Aliena to give us leave, Montanus 
 and I will make this day the third couple in marriage.' 
 
 She had no sooner spake this word, but Montanus threw 
 away his garland of willow, his bottle, where was painted 
 despair, and cast his sonnets in the fire, showing himself 
 as frolic as Paris when he handselled his love with Helena. 
 At this Gerismond and the rest smiled, and concluded that 
 Montanus and Phoebe should keep their wedding with the 
 two brethren. Aliena seeing Saladyne stand in a dump, to 
 wake him from his dream began thus : 
 
 * Why how now, my Saladyne, all amort ? what melancholy, 
 man, at the day of marriage ? Perchance thou art sorrowful 
 to think on thy brother's high fortunes, and thine own base 
 desires to choose so mean a shepherdess. Cheer up thy 
 heart, man ; for this day thou shalt be married to the daughter 
 of a king ; for know, Saladyne, I am not Aliena, but Alinda, 
 the daughter of thy mortal enemy Torismond.' 
 
 At this all the company was amazed, especially Geris- 
 mond, who rising up, took Alinda in his arms, and said to 
 Rosalynde : 
 
i6o ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 * Is this that fair Alinda famous for so many virtues, that 
 forsook her father's court to live with thee exiled in the 
 country ? ' 
 
 « The same/ quoth Rosalynde. 
 
 * Then/ quoth Gerismond, turning to Saladyne, * jolly 
 forester be frolic, for thy fortunes are great, and thy 
 desires excellent ; thou hast got a princess as famous for 
 her perfection, as exceeding in proportion.' 
 
 * And she hath with lier beauty won,' quoth Saladyne, < an 
 humble servant, as full of faith as she of amiable favour.' 
 
 While every one was amazed with these comical events, 
 Corydon came skipping in, and told them that the priest 
 was at church, and tarried for their coming. With that 
 Gerismond led the way, and the rest followed ; where to the 
 admiration of all the country swains in Arden their marriages 
 were solemnly solemnized. As soon as the priest had finished 
 home they went with Alinda, where Corydon had made all 
 things in readiness. Dinner was provided, and the tables 
 being spread, and the brides set down by Gerismond, 
 Rosader, Saladyne, and Montanus that day were servitors ; 
 homely cheer they had, such as their country could afford, 
 but to mend their fare they had mickle good chat, and many 
 discourses of their loves and fortunes. About mid-dinner, to 
 make them merry, Corydon came in with an old crowd, and 
 played them a fit of mirth, to which he sung this pleasant 
 song : 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY i6i 
 
 Corydon's Song 
 
 A blithe and bonny country lass, 
 
 heigh ho, the bonny lass 1 
 Sate sighing on the tender grass 
 
 and weeping said, will none come woo her. 
 A smicker boy, a lither swain, 
 
 heigh ho, a smicker swain ! 
 That in his love was wanton fain, 
 
 with smiling looks straight came unto her. 
 
 Whenas the wanton wench espied, 
 
 heigh ho, when she espied 1 
 The means to make herself a bride, 
 
 she simpered smooth like Bonnybell : 
 The swain, that saw her squint-eyed kind, 
 
 heigh ho, squint-eyed kind 1 
 His arms about her body twined, 
 
 and : ' Fair lass, how fare ye, well ? ' 
 
 The country kit said : ' Well, forsooth, 
 
 heigh ho, well forsooth I 
 But that I have a longing tooth, 
 
 a longing tooth that makes me cry.' 
 « Alas 1' said he, ' what gars thy grief? 
 
 heigh ho, what gars thy grief?* 
 <A wound,' quoth she, 'without relief, 
 
 I fear a maid that I shall die.' 
 ' If that be all,' the shepherd said, 
 
 heigh ho, the shepherd said 1 
 ' He make thee wive it gentle maid, 
 
 and so recure thy malady.' 
 
 M 
 
i62 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 Hereon they kissed with many an oath, 
 
 heigh ho, with many an oath 1 
 And fore God Pan did plight their troth, 
 
 and to the church they hied them fast. 
 And God send every pretty peat, 
 
 heigh ho, the pretty peat 1 
 That fears to die of this conceit, 
 
 so kind a friend to help at last. 
 
 Coiydon having thus made them merry, as they were in 
 the midst of their jollity, word was brought in to Saladyne 
 and Rosader that a brother of theirs, one Fernandyne, was 
 ariived, and desired to speak with them. Gerismond over- 
 hearing this news, demanded who it was. 
 
 * It is, sir,' quoth Rosader, * our middle brother, that lives 
 a scholar in Paris ; but what fortune hath driven him to seek 
 us out I know not.' 
 
 With that Saladyne went and met his brother, whom he 
 welcomed with all courtesy, and Rosader gave him no less 
 friendly entertainment ; brought he was by his two brothers 
 into the parlour where they all sate at dinner. Fernandyne, 
 as one that knew as many manners as he could points of 
 sophistry, and was as well brought up as well lettered, saluted 
 them all. But when he espied Gerismond, kneeling on his 
 knee he did him what reverence belonged to his estate, and 
 with that burst forth into these speeches : 
 
 * Although, right mighty prince, this day of my brother's 
 marriage be a day of mirth, yet time craves another course ; 
 and therefore from dainty cates rise to sharp weapons. And 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 163 
 
 you, the sons of Sir John of Bordeaux, leave off your 
 amours and fall to arms ; change your loves into lances, and 
 now this day show yourselves as valiant as hitherto you have 
 been passionate. For know, Gerismond, that hard by at 
 the edge of this forest the twelve peers of France are up in 
 arms to recover thy right ; and Torismond, trooped with a 
 crew of desperate runagates, is ready to bid them battle. 
 The armies are ready to join ; therefore show thyself in 
 the field to encourage thy subjects. And you, Saladyne and 
 Rosader, mount you, and show yourselves as hardy soldiers 
 as you have been hearty lovers ; so shall you, for the benefit of 
 your country, discover the idea of your father's virtues to be 
 stamped in your thoughts, and prove children worthy of so 
 honourable a parent.' 
 
 At this alarm, given him by Fernandyne, Gerismond 
 leaped from the board, and Saladyne and Rosader betook 
 themselves to their weapons. 
 
 *Nay,' quoth Gerismond, *go with me; I have horse 
 and armour for us all, and then, being well mounted, let us 
 show that we carry revenge and honour at our falchions' 
 points.' 
 
 Thus they leave the brides full of sorrow, especially 
 Alinda, who desired Gerismond to be good to her father. 
 He, not returning a word because his haste was great, hied 
 him home to his lodge, where he delivered Saladyne and 
 Rosader horse and armour, and himself armed royally led the 
 way ; not having ridden two leagues before they discovered 
 
i64 ROSALYNDE, OR 
 
 where in a valley both the battles were joined. Gerismond 
 seeing the wing wherein the peers fought, thrust in there, and 
 cried * Saint Denis! ' Gerismond laying on such load upon his 
 enemies, that he showed how highly he did estimate of a crown. 
 When the peers perceived that their lawful king was there, they 
 grew more eager ; and Saladyne and Rosader so behaved 
 themselves, that none durst stand in their way, nor abide the 
 fury of their weapons. To be short, the peers were con- 
 querors, Torismond's army put to flight, and himself slain in 
 battle. The peers then gathered themselves together, and 
 saluted their king, conducted him royally into Paris, where he 
 was received with great joy of all the citizens. As soon as 
 all was quiet and he had received again the crown, he sent 
 for Alinda and Rosalynde to the court, Alinda being very 
 passionate for the death of her father, yet brooking it with the 
 more patience, in that she was contented with the welfare 
 of her Saladyne. 
 
 Well, as soon as they were come to Paris, Gerismond 
 made a royal feast for the peers and lords of his land, 
 which continued thirty days, in which time summoning a 
 parliament, by the consent of his nobles he created Rosader 
 heir apparent to the kingdom ; he restored Saladyne to all 
 his father's land and gave him the Dukedom of Nameurs ; 
 he made Fernandyne principal secretary to himself; and that 
 fortune might every way seem frolic, he made Montanus 
 lord over all the forest of Arden, Adam Spencer Captain of 
 the King's Guard, and Corydon master of Alinda's flocks. 
 
EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 165 
 
 HERE, gentlemen, may you see in Euphues' Golden 
 Legacy, that such as neglect their fathers' precepts, incur 
 much prejudice ; that division in nature, as it is a blemish in 
 nurture, so 'tis a breach of good fortunes ; that virtue is not 
 measured by birth but by action ; that younger brethren, 
 though inferior in years, yet may be superior to honours ; 
 that concord is the sweetest conclusion, and amity betwixt 
 brothers more forceable than fortune. If you gather any 
 fruits by this Legacy, speak well of Euphues for writing it, 
 and me for fetching it. If you grace me with that favour, 
 you encourage me to be more forward ; and as soon as I have 
 overlooked my labours, expect the Sailor's Calendar. 
 
 T. Lodge. 
 
 FINIS 
 
TEXTUAL NOTES 
 
 I HAVE recorded in these notes all the variants between the 
 two earliest editions, those namely of 1590 and 1592. The 
 first edition affords a very correct text, and except for the 
 correction of a few obvious misprints, usually retained in the 
 second, there are barely half-a-dozen cases, exclusive of 
 Latin quotations, in which I have departed from its readings. 
 On the other hand there are just a very few alterations in 
 the second edition which suggest that they may be due to 
 the author, and it therefore seemed advisable to give the 
 variations in full. None of the later editions appear to 
 possess independent authority. In a solitary instance where 
 both T590 and 1592 are corrupt I have inserted a form 
 of a word found in that of 1598 in preference to that now 
 current, but only because it occurs elsewhere in the earlier 
 texts. 
 
 P. xxvi, 1. S' T. L. G. i.e. Thomas Lodge, Gentleman. 
 
 1. 21. and after falling 1590 : and afterivards falling 
 1592. 
 
 P. xxviii, 11. 10, II. Tour Honours souldier humbly affec- 
 tionate 1590 : Tour honors souldior most humbly affectionate 
 1592. 
 
 P. XXX. Although an integral part of the composition, 
 without which neither the title-page nor the epilogue (p. 
 165) is intelligible, this * Schedule ' appears to have been 
 first printed in the edition of 1592. 
 
 167 
 
i68 TEXTUAL NOTES 
 
 P. I, 1. 19. map of age 1590: map of his age 1592. 
 
 P. 3, 1. 3. ingrauen as ivell the excellence 1590 : ingraued 
 as ivell the excellency 1592. 
 
 1. 21. that surpass e in blackness e 1 590: that exceed in 
 hlachnes 1592. 
 
 1. 23. stumble vppon stones I590' stumble vpon the stones 
 1592. 
 
 P. 4, 1. 3. tenere 1 590 : tenuere 1592. 
 
 I. 7. high stretcht 1 590: high stretch 1592. 
 
 1. 23. isoft hid the most trecherie 1 590 : is oft hid most 
 trechery 1592. 
 
 1. 26. let time be touchstone i 590 : let time be the touchstone 
 1592. 
 
 P. 5, 1. 2. that is an extreame 1590: that is extreme 
 1592. 
 
 1. 13. deadly desires i 590 : deadly destres 1592. 
 
 1. 20. mitie eyes dimme 1590: mine eyes ivaxeth dimme 
 1592. 
 
 P. 7, 1. 9. be thy gaine 1 590: be your gaine 1592. 
 
 1. 16. Lillies are f aire in sheiu, but foule in smell. 
 It almost looks as though this was the origin of the famous 
 line : * Lillies that fester, smell far worse then weeds,' in 
 Shakespeare's Sonnets (94, 1. 14), and in Edivard III, 
 
 II. i. 451. 
 
 1. 25. thy . . . thee 1590 : your . . . you 1592. 
 
 1. 26. befriend him thou agen 159O: befriend you him agen 
 1592. 
 
 1. 28. from out thy hiue 1590 : from out the hiue 1592. 
 
 1. 30. my Sonne I 590 : my sonnes 1592. 
 
 P. 8, 1. 2. thy . , . thy 1 590 : your . . . your 1592. 
 
 1. 17. Horace, £pist. i. 10. 24. Both 1590 and 1592 
 wrongly insert licet after furca. 
 
TEXTUAL NOTES 169 
 
 I. 18. So fared it 1590: So fares it 1592. 
 
 P. 9, 1. 17. the careless e mine of thy brothers ivelfare ? 
 ivhy shouldst not thou bee the piller of thy brothers prosperitie 
 1590 : the carelesse mine of thy brothers prosperitie 1592. 
 
 P. I I, 1. 10. Ah quoth he 1590 : As quoth hee 1592. 
 
 P. 21, 1. 17. Troian 1590-2. This might of course stand 
 for < Trojan,* but cf. p. 133, 1. 24. 
 
 P. 23, 1. 17, ivhat they wanted in meate, Rosader supplied 
 with drinke 1 590 : what they wanted in meaty was supply ed 
 with drinke 1592. 
 
 1. 21. all tooke their leaues of Rosader 1590: all tooke their 
 leaue of Rosader 1592. 
 
 P. 25, 1. 18. to thinke of lone 1 5 90: to thinhe on Loue 
 1592. 
 
 P. 26, 1. 8. sooner content with a dram of giue me, than a 
 pound of heare me 1590: sooner content with a pound of giue 
 me, than a dram of heare me 1592. 
 
 P. 29 (side note), in defence of fair e Rosalynde 1 590: 
 in Defence of Rosalynde 1592. 
 
 P. 31, 1. 21. if he refused to doo, either 1590: if he refused, 
 eyther 1592. 
 
 P. 34, 1. 20. and Alinda {^from her royall weedes) put her 
 selfe in more homelie attire. Thus jilted to the purpose, away 
 goe these two friends, hauing now changed their names, Alinda 
 being called Aliena 159O : and Alinda being called Aliena 1592. 
 
 P. 38, 1. I. Before this 1592 inserts another stanza made 
 up of the first two lines of the fourth and the last four of the 
 third. 
 
 P. 40, I. 20. by Phcebes bitter scorne 1590: by Phcebus 
 bitter scorn 1592. 
 
 P. 45, 1. 8. Call home thy Jloches in time I 590 : Call home 
 thy flocks betime 1592. 
 
lyo TEXTUAL NOTES 
 
 I. II. In amove hac omnia insunt vitia i^^O'. In amore hac 
 insunt vitia 1592. 
 
 II. 11-13. Terence, Ennuchusy 1. i. 15. The correct 
 reading is : 
 
 In amore haec omnia insunt vitia ; iniuriae, 
 
 Suspitiones, inimicitiae, induciae, 
 
 Bellum, pax rursum. Incerta haec si tu postules 
 
 Ratione certa facere ; nihilo plus agas, 
 
 Quam si des operam, ut cum ratione insanias. 
 
 P. 46, 1. 23. so dangerous a for rest I 590 : so dangerous 
 forest 1592. 
 
 P. 47, 1. 25. exceede not in diet I 590 : exceed not ill dyet 
 
 p. 49, 1. I. Cupid requires 1590: Cupid re quireth 1592. 
 
 1. 9. in her heart 1590: in heart 1592. 
 
 P. 51, I. 27. Coridon swept a harga\j~\ne I 590 : Coridon 
 snvapt a bargaine 1592. The word should most likely be 
 sivapped or swopped, but I am by no means sure that swept is 
 an impossible form. 
 
 P. 52, 1. 13. surprised his brother beeing a sleep e 1590: 
 surprised his brother when he ivas a sleepe 1592. 
 
 ^* 57> ^' 5* ^^S^^ ^rx/ to faint 1 590: began to faint 
 1592. 
 
 1. 12, for a few faire flowers 1590: for a fewe flowers 
 1592. 
 
 P. 59, 1. 7. he rise vp 1590: he rose vp 1592. 
 
 P. 60, 1. 3. wisht Adam Spencer 1590: wisht A. Spencer 
 1592. 
 
 I. 24. to such men as are 1590 : to suche as are 1592. 
 
 P. 61, 1. 9. but be Lord of the feast 1 590 : but the lord of 
 the feast 1592. 
 
TEXTUAL NOTES 171 
 
 P. 62, I. 2. discourse, {jf it ivere not 1590: discourse, {^as 
 it IV ere not 1592. 
 
 P. 63, 1. 5. affections hetiueene AUnda and her 1 5 90: 
 affections betwixt AUnda and her 1592. 
 
 1. 10. This newes driue the King 1590-2. Here d/foe 
 may, of course, be a misprint for drove (or drave, the 
 reading of 1598, which I have substituted in the text), 
 though it is perhaps more likely that Lodge has got confused 
 both as to number and tense. I do not think that drive is a 
 possible form of the preterite, the only recorded instance of 
 its use as such being about two centuries earlier. 
 
 P. 66, 1. 5. since as the one is knoiven 1590 : since that the 
 one is knoavne 1592. 
 
 1. 9. the larhe of a Myrtle tree 1590 : the lark of a Mir 
 tre 1592. 
 
 P. 70, 1. 8. then doo me that fauour 1 590 : then doo that 
 fauour 1592. 
 
 P. 72, 1. 17. if not as comely, it may be more curtcous I 590 : 
 if not as comely, as courteous 1592. 
 
 P. 73, 1. 7. leaving AUena and Ganimede to their 
 prittle prattle 1590: leauing them to their prittle prattle 
 
 1592. 
 
 P. 74, 1. 7. for cutting in by intreats 1590; for entring in 
 by intreats 1593. 
 
 P. 78, 1. 26. i^quoth Ganimede^ 1590-2. An obvious 
 error for [quoth Rosader)» 
 
 P. 83, 1. 15. Loue then in euerie flower is found 1590: 
 Loue then euery flour e is found 1592. 
 
 P. 84, 1. 10. Tis not her frowardnesse 159O : Tis neither 
 frowardnesse 1592. 
 
 P. 85, 1. 8. out of this amorous melancholic 1590: out of 
 his amorous melancholy 1592. 
 
172 TEXTUAL NOTES 
 
 P. 86, 1. II. Or 'what or thoughts 1590: Or nvhat our 
 thoughts 1592. 
 
 I. 1 9. All pale in lookes, and I though young In yeares i 590-2 . 
 Being unable to make any sense of the line as it stands, I 
 have ventured on what seems an obvious emendation (reading 
 am for and). 
 
 P. 88, 1. 2. than ante luooll more softer 1590: that any 
 ivooll more softer 1592. 
 
 P. 89, 1. 7. And restlesse horror I 590 : And retchless horror 
 1592. 
 
 P. 90, 1. 2. iumpt I not all vp 1590: iumpe I not all vp 
 1592. 
 
 P. 94, 1. 20. for either he must resolue 1590 : for he must 
 eyther resolue 1592. 
 
 P. 96, 1. 2. and yet the most hardiest 1590 ; and the most 
 hardiest i 592. 
 
 P. 97, 1. 4. at the sodayne sight of so monstrous a beast lie 
 slaine by him 1590 : at the sudden sight of so monstrous a beast 
 lying slaine by him 1592. The reading of the earlier edition 
 (which being quite impossible I have ventured to alter) was 
 presumably due to a confusion of construction. 
 
 P. 98, 1. 3. I counted it the hart of a resolute man 1590 : / 
 counted it the part of a resolute man 1592. I am a little 
 doubtful whether the earlier reading is actually a misprint, 
 but the later gives such obviously better sense that I have 
 adopted it. 
 
 1- 8. thy present fortunes I 59O : thy present misfortunes 1592. 
 
 P. 99, 1. 17. teares from mine eyes 1590: tears from my 
 eyes 1592. 
 
 P. 102, 1. 17. thus should it be 1590: thus it should be 
 1592. 
 
 p. 103, 1. 14. hauing Loue in her heart 15 90: hauing 
 Loue in heart I 592. 
 
TEXTUAL NOTES 173 
 
 P. 105, 1. 12. tuere in this sad talk 1 590 : 'were in sad 
 talke 1592. 
 
 P. 106, 1. 20. relieue our fortunes, as ive holde you valiant, 
 so ive esteeme you courteous, and to haue 1590: relieue our 
 fortunes, ^ to haue 1592. 
 
 P. 1 10, 1. 9. might he subjects to fancie 1 590 : might be 
 s ubject to fancy i$^2. 
 
 1. 19. but for all these vertues 1 590 : and for all these 
 vertues 1592. 
 
 P. 112, 1. 21. that like loue in no shape 1 590 : that like 
 loue in no shape 1592. 
 
 P. 113,11. 7-1 1. Horace, 6'«//r<? J-, ii. 3,94. 1590 and 
 1592 read wrongly : < quas qui constrinxerit ille Clarus erit, 
 fortis, iustus, sapiens, etiam & rex.' 
 
 P. 114, 1. 16. the foldes of my fare I 590: the foldes of my 
 face 1592. The earlier reading can hardly be anything but a 
 misprint. 
 
 P. 115, 1. II. you and Ganimede but to nvalke 1 590: you 
 and Ganimede to ivalke 1592. 
 
 P. 119, 1. I. Which made the Gods forsake 1 590: Which 
 make the Gods forsake 1592. 
 
 1. 16. thou regardest not my ?naladie 1590: thou regardest 
 not thy maladie 1592. 
 
 P. 120, 1. 4. my face may decypher the sorrotues 159O: 
 my face may discouer the sorronvs 1592. 
 
 P. 121, 1. 6. your market may be made 1590 : your market 
 can be made 1592. 
 
 1. 15. thou shalt Hue by losse 1590: thou shalt but Hue by 
 losse 1 592. 
 
 P. 124, 1. 15. your selues can desire, or I imagine I 590 : 
 your selues can desire^ or imagine 1592. 
 
 P. 125, 1. 2. that cur mishap might salue his maladie 1590 : 
 that your mishap might salue his malady 1592. 
 
174 TEXTUAL NOTES 
 
 P. 126, 1. 4. discouer her secrete aphorismes 159O: dis- 
 couer our secret aphorismes 1592, 
 
 P. 128, 11. 3-4. Ovid, Remedia Amoris, 139-40. 
 
 P. 130, 1. 3. ivords as pretudiciall as the charmes of Circes 
 1 590 : nvords are pretudiciall as the charmes of Circes 
 1592. 
 
 1. 14. pearch ivith the Kistresse 1590-2. No doubt a 
 misprint for kistrelle or kestrel, no such form as that in the old 
 editions being otherwise recorded. 
 
 P. 136, 1. 6. / lotie thee at the first looke 1590: / loued 
 thee at the first looke 1592. 
 
 P. 140, 1. 15. Both 1590 and 1592 misprint Bellephoron 
 for Bellerophon. 
 
 P. 141, 1. 18. of so deepc a distresse 1590: of so deepe 
 distresse 1592. 
 
 I. 20. entangled her affection i 590 : int angled her affections 
 1592. 
 
 1. 23. heautie to content thine eye 1 590 : beauty to please 
 thine eye 1592. 
 
 P. 142,1. 27. I ivill home by our house 1590-2. Possibly 
 1 598 is right in reading to our house. 
 
 P. 143, 1. 21. and ivresteth the ivealth of nature 1 590: 
 and lures ts the <wcalth of nature I 592. 
 
 P. 144, 1. 22. Festina Lente I 590: Festina Lenter 1592. 
 
 1. 23. fancies are oft times the fruit es i 590 : fancies are 
 often times the fruits 1592. 
 
 P. 145, 1. 23. froivardnesse toivard the Shepheard 1590 : 
 froivardnesse toivards the shepheard 1592. 
 
 P. 146, 1. 14. tooke his leaue of his Phcebe 1590 : toohe his 
 leaue of Phoebe I 592. 
 
 P. 1 48, 1. 14. avanting to this marriage 1590: ivanting to 
 his marriage I 592. 
 
TEXTUAL NOTES 175 
 
 P. 151, 1. 23. sucking their full 15 90: sucking their Jill 
 1592. 
 
 P. 152, 1. 3, for being so mean, to p. 1 61, 1. 27, heigh ho 
 the shrp ':eard said. Sheet R is wanting in the only known 
 copy of 1590. For this portion, therefore, we have to rely 
 on 1592 alone. 
 
 P. 155, 1. 13. Loue (sir) is chari.'ie in hts lanves 1590-2. 
 I have no doubt that charitie is a corruption (perhaps for 
 some legal term), but I cannot see that Collier's suggestion 
 charie helps matters. 
 
 P. 161. Corydon's Song is imitated from Spenser's 
 * Bonnybell ' ballad in the Shepherd^ s Calendar (viii. 11. 53, 
 etc.) which explains the name in 1. 13. The old editions 
 print four eight-line stanzas and a quatrain. I have made 
 the third stanza consist of twelve lines and the fourth of 
 eight, on account of the rimes. 
 
 I. 5. and aveeping said, nvill none come luoo me? 1592. I 
 have ventured to alter me to her in order to restore the rime. 
 The direct has evidently been somehow substituted for the 
 indirect question. Possibly we should also read would for tuiil. 
 
 P. 162, 11. 1-2. a oath 1590-2. This I have ventured to 
 alter. 
 
 II. 3-4. This extraordinary mixture of mythologies is also 
 borrowed from Spenser, who supplied a notable example in 
 the line : * She raignes a goddesse now emong the saintes ' 
 [Shep, Cal. xi. 175). 
 
 P. 163, 1. 4. sheiv your selues as -valiant , as hethertoo you 
 haue been passionate 1590: sheiv your selues valiint, as hitherto 
 you haue been passionate 1592. 
 
 P. 164, 1. 3. cried Saint Denis, Gerismond laying on 1590: 
 cryed S. Denis, laying on T592. 
 
 P. 165, 1. 13. T. Lodge 1590: Th. Lodge 1592. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 Note. — The words in this glossary fall into three groups : 
 (i) common Elizabethan words and forms which may be 
 unfamiliar to modern readers ; (ii) rare words, forms and 
 uses for which illustrative quotations are often desired ; (iii) 
 words and names belonging to the Euphuistic vocabulary, 
 and also proverbial phrases, to which references are useful. 
 I have indexed the second group rather carefully since the 
 vagueness of the references given makes me suspect that 
 Rosalynde was not read for the Neiv English Dictionary. 
 
 A-BREWiNG, in preparation, 
 
 148 
 Achilles' lance, 140 
 AcoNiTON, aconite, 151 
 AcoNiTUM, aconite, 68 
 Activity, feats of strength. 
 
 Adamant (as magnet), 5 ; 
 
 (as hard), 36, 135 
 Admiration, wonder, 20 
 Affects, affections, 150 
 Agate, i i 3 
 A-late, lately, 109 
 All amort, * a la mort,' 
 
 dead, dull, 159 
 Alongst, along, 146 
 
 Amated, daunted, 1 1 5 
 Amazed, frightened, 17 
 Ambages, beating about the 
 
 bush, 94 ; circumlocutions, 
 
 129 
 Amorets, amorettiy loves, 
 
 allurements, 1 7 ; love 
 
 poems, 81 
 Amort, see All amort 
 Ants, 77 
 Apelles, a .Greek painter, 
 
 XXX 
 
 Apis Indica, 139 
 Approve, feel, 1 18 
 Archelaus, probably the 
 pupil of Anaxagoras, xxx 
 77 N 
 
178 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 Arden, Ardennes, i6, 31, 
 
 56, etc. 
 Arede, advice, 41 
 Argus, 130 
 Attaint, touch, 36 
 AuGURiSM, augury, 92 
 AuTHENTiCAL, authoritativc, 
 
 10, 128 
 
 AviCEN, 9 
 
 Awake, waking, 97 
 
 Baaran leaf, 4 
 Bain, bathe, 79, 83 
 Bale, evil, 25 
 Baleful, evil, 25 
 Balsamum, balm, 96 
 Bash, be abashed, 10 1 
 Bavin, faggot, 6 
 Become, suit (of a person), 
 
 34 
 Bee, 129 
 
 Bellerophon, 140 
 Bewray, reveal, 2, etc. 
 Bezo les labres, salutation 
 
 (I kiss your lips), 15 
 Biares, presumably an error 
 
 for Briareus, 6 
 Bird, * one bird in the hand 
 
 is worth two in the wood,' 
 
 Black ox, misfortune (in 
 proverbial phrase), 34 
 
 Blended, dazzled, deluded, 
 
 118 
 Blooms, blossoms, 58 
 Blubbered, spoke weeping, 
 
 145 
 Bonnet, cap, 48, 149 
 Bowse, drink deeply (the 
 
 same as * booze '), 130 
 Bowseth, in the sense of 
 bathes or dips. Probably 
 an unusual, or erroneous, 
 application of the word, 
 current as a hawking term 
 with the meaning of drink- 
 ing frequently and much. 
 It may however have 
 some relation to the word 
 *bowssen,' to duck, from 
 Cornish ' beuzi,' to im- 
 merse, drown, 79 
 Bright, brightness, 37 
 Bruited, noised, rumoured, 
 
 134 
 Bunch, pack of cards, 12 
 Buttery, store - room, pro- 
 perly for liquor, 23 
 
 Camilla, wife of Philautus 
 in Euphues (q. v. ), xxx 
 
 Carbuncle, 99, 114 
 
 Carew (or more correctly 
 Carey), Edmund and 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 179 
 
 Robert, younger sons of 
 Lord Hunsdon, xxvii 
 Cassender, presumably Cas- 
 sander, a Greek astrologer, 
 
 XXX 
 
 Gates, acates, victuals, 12, 
 
 91, 102, etc. 
 Caul, netted cap, 17 
 Cedar, 25 
 Censure, (i) opinion, (ii) 
 
 doom ; also as a vb., to 
 
 pronounce an opinion or a 
 
 sentence, 31, 141, 142, 
 
 etc. 
 Chameleon, 56 
 Chamlet, camlet, a rich stuff 
 
 of silk and wool, 149 
 Chary, careful, 153 
 Checked up, stopped (cf. 
 
 <to pull up,') 30 
 Checkmate, equal, 10 
 Chrysocoll, 95 (cf. p. 201) 
 Chrysolite, 83 
 Circes, Circe, 130, 141 
 Clarke, Captain, xxvii 
 Clear, brightness, 70 
 Clytia, an Oceanid (Ovid, 
 
 Metam. iv. 256), 143 
 Contemplate in, 79 
 Convented, met, 14 
 Cooling card, the phrase is 
 
 said to be a peculiarity of 
 
 Lodge*s, but occurs not 
 infrequently elsewhere, 12 
 
 Copy, instance, 104 
 
 Cornel, grain, 90 
 
 Could, knew, 162 
 
 Countercheck, oppose, with- 
 stand, frustrate, 100, 109 
 
 Course, *qualities of 
 course,' ordinary qualities, 
 26 
 
 Coy, conceited, 12 
 
 Crab, 64, 139 
 
 Crowd, fiddle, 160 
 
 Cumber, encumbrance, 128 
 
 CuRTAL-AXE, a corrupt form 
 of * cutlass,' xxix 
 
 Cut AGAINST THE HAIR, do 
 
 anything against the grain, 
 141 
 
 Damosel, damsel, 14, 46, 
 
 etc. 
 Daphne, 74 
 Deciiher, recount, 30 
 Deer, 64 
 Delicates, delicacies, 23, 
 
 etc. 
 Demophoon, 38 
 Despite, disdain, 137 
 Devoir, duty, 1 19 
 Diamond, 51, 69, 76 
 Discoverent, revealing, 127 
 
8o 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 exposed, off 
 
 Discovert, 
 guard, 24 
 Disdain, sorrow, humility ( ? ) , 
 
 38 
 
 Disparage, damage, 97 
 DissiMULED, simulated, 22 
 DisTAiN, stain, detract from, 
 
 DfSTEMPERATURE, disease, 
 
 134 
 
 Dog, dog-star, 153 
 
 Door, see Wind 
 
 Drave, drove, 19, 54, 61, 
 
 etc. 
 Drunk, drank, 47 
 DuiMP, melancholy fit, 103, 
 
 1 10 ; musing, 159 
 Dumps, meditation, 11, 75 
 
 Elleborus, hellebore, xxx 
 Entreats, entreaties, 74 
 EuPHUES, the hero of the 
 novel by John Lyly 
 (1579), XXV, xxix, xxx, 
 
 165 
 
 Exhort, exhortation, 96 
 Exigent, pressing need, 33, 
 
 121 
 Extreme, extremely, 134 
 Extremes, extremity, 62 
 
 Faculty, property, 76 
 
 Fain, obliged, 53 ; longing, 
 
 161 
 
 Faintful, fainting, 40 
 Fair, beauty, 71, 130, 154, 
 
 False - semblance, deceit 
 (personified), 118 
 
 Famosed, rendered famous, 
 1 1 
 
 Famous, render famous, i 5 
 
 Fancies, affections, 144 
 
 Fancy, love (sb. and vb.), 
 48, 78, 83, etc. 
 
 Farther (vb.), further, 
 advance, 1 20 
 
 Fautor, supporter, xxvii, 6 
 
 Fere, companion, 116 
 
 Fetch, trick, stratagem, 142 
 
 Filbert tree, 82 
 
 Fish, * would suffer no fish 
 to hang on his fingers,* re- 
 fused all encumbrance (?), 
 144 
 
 Fist, * flew to the fist,'- 
 hawking term, 81 
 
 Fleas in their ears, dis- 
 quieting agitation, 1 1 1 
 
 Flies, 77 
 
 Folds in, encircles, 1 7 
 
 Folds of my face, wrinkles, 
 114 (cf. * furrows of thy 
 face,' 58) 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 i8i 
 
 Fop, foolish person, 1 1 1 
 
 Force, * of force,* neces- 
 sarily, xxvii 
 
 Forefinger kiss, blown kiss, 
 126 
 
 FoRTHY, therefore, 41 
 
 Fortune (her emblem), 57 
 
 Frame, manner, 42 
 
 Free (horse), noble (?), 15 
 
 Friends, befriends, 7 
 
 Front, forehead, 133 
 
 Froward, untoward, 49, etc. 
 
 Funerals, funeral rites, 6 
 
 Galatea (and Polyphemus, 
 
 see Theocritus, Idyl vi), 
 
 116 
 Galen, 10 
 Gars, causes, 161 
 Gat, got, 1 5 
 
 Giglot, loose woman, 109 
 Give, < my mind gives me,' 
 
 inform, 60 
 Gladded, gladdened, 48 
 Glance at, make fun of, 
 
 tease, 138 
 Glide, course, 37 
 Greet, weep, 40 
 
 Halcyones, birds, 3 I 
 
 Halfpenny, < your heart on 
 your halfpenny,* to have 
 
 a particular object in view, 
 12 
 Hamper, entangle, con- 
 strain, 107 
 Handselled, sealed, con- 
 cluded, inaugurated, i 59 
 Handy, manual, 1 1 2 
 Hap, fortune, 42 
 Happily, perhaps, 103 
 Haste, * he is in haste 
 whom the devil drives,' 
 
 75 
 
 Herehault, herald, 63 
 
 Hery, praise, 41, 43 
 
 Hobby, a species of small 
 falcon (xxvii), 3, 139 
 
 HoBY (or Hobby), Sir 
 Edward, son of Sir 
 Thomas, the translator of 
 the Cortegianoy xxvii 
 
 Humour, disposition, 9 
 
 HuNSDON, Lord of, Henry 
 Carey, first Baron Huns- 
 don in 1559, Lord 
 Chamberlain since 1583, 
 and later patron of the 
 company of actors which 
 included Shakespeare. He 
 does not seem to have 
 been Governor of Berwick 
 after 1587, xxvi 
 
 Hyena, 8 
 
I82 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 Hyperborei, 4, 128, 144 
 
 Imperial (sometimes written 
 *emperial'), the meaning 
 influenced in this, as in 
 many other cases, by the 
 resemblance with * em- 
 pyreal,' empyrean, 70 
 
 Implaister, plaster, 32 
 
 Ineqi'AL, unequal, 56 
 
 Infer, support the inference 
 of, 131 
 
 In fortunate, unfortunate, 
 24, 136 
 
 iNGRATrFUL, ungratcful, 98, 
 107 
 
 Interparleys, conferences, 
 conversation, 84 
 
 Jealous, suspicious, 126 
 Jeopardy, uncertainty, 
 
 danger, 40 
 Jet (sb.), 76, 131 
 Jets, struts, 109 
 JuMi'ED, concluded, 90 
 
 Kersey, coarse cloth, 149 
 Kestrel, a species of hawk, 
 
 130 
 Kind, nature, natural faculty 
 
 or power, 138 
 Kit, kitten, girl, 161 
 
 Lachet, thong, xxix 
 Landslord, landlord, 47, 48 
 
 Latmos, 16 
 
 Leaveless, leafless, 116 
 
 Lepanthus, shores of, 4 
 
 Lettuce for your lips, suit- 
 able for you, 1 2 1 
 
 Levelling out, discovering, 
 revealing, 128 
 
 Lieu, * in lieu of,' in return 
 for, 1 40 
 
 LiMON, lemon (the former 
 being the more etymo- 
 logical form), 39, 60, 108 
 
 Lion, 8 
 
 Liquorice leaf, 4 
 
 List, will, liking, 129 
 
 Lither, nimble, 161 
 
 Load, May a load on,' beat, 
 13, 106, 164 
 
 LocKRAM, linen, 149 
 
 Lodestar, guiding star, pole- 
 star, 3, 73 
 
 Losels, worthless fellows, 56 
 
 Luna, 16 
 
 LuNisE(iUA (star), 83 
 
 Lupus est in fabula, an ex- 
 pression signifying * a per- 
 son we are talking of, or 
 one concerned, is present,' 
 104 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 183 
 
 Make, mate, 1 1 9 
 Malgrado, in spite of, 142 
 Market is marred, 142 
 Maze, possibly, though not, 
 I think, probably, an error 
 or confusion or wilful 
 perversion for * muse,' a 
 technical term for the 
 opening in a thicket through 
 which a hare habitually 
 passes (the corresponding 
 term for a deer is ' entry'). 
 If we suppose that * muse ' 
 is meant, a punning allusion 
 to the * perplexed ' of the 
 previous line is obvious, 
 123 
 Mazer, wooden cup, 91, 
 
 108, T50 
 Memento, musing, 19, 20, 
 
 77 
 Merciless, unpardonable, 59 
 
 Mirrah, for myrrh-tree, 36 
 
 Mole, stain, 82 
 
 MoMus, xxix 
 
 Morrow, morning, i 5 
 
 Mourn, mourning, 87 
 
 Narcissus, 51 
 
 Neck, formerly a man carried 
 a weapon on his * neck,' 
 whereas now he carries it 
 
 on his < shoulder,' 95, 
 103, 106, etc. 
 
 Necromancy, necromancy 
 (the spelling indicates a 
 false etymology — from 
 niger instead of vcKpofi — 
 which has undoubtedly 
 affected the connotation 
 of the word), 147 
 
 Nose (bleeding), 94 
 
 NouRiTURE, nurture, upbring- 
 ing* 30 
 
 On, of, 113 
 
 On sleep, asleep, 112 
 Orient, oriental, hence pre- 
 cious, excellent, 33, 69; 
 (of a flower) springing, 
 blooming (?), 41 
 Ought, owed, 53 
 Over-read, re-read, 138 
 Own, *the own,' its own, *a 
 foul bird defiles the own 
 nest,' 37 ; (i.e. belonging 
 to the slop), 149 
 
 Pad, toad, the phrase < a pad 
 in the straw,' meaning a 
 hidden danger, was pro- 
 verbial, 14 
 
 Palm tree, 2, 58 
 
 Panther, 76 
 
184 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 Parole, word of mouth, 10 
 Peale-meale, pell-mell, 54 
 Peat, girl, 162 
 Pelf, wealth, 1 1 2 
 Peremptory, stedfast, 15 
 Perked, decked, 158 
 Persuaded, urged, 32 
 Pet, huff, offence, 103 
 Philautus, friend of Euphues 
 
 (q. v.), XXV, XXX 
 Phoebe, the moon, 137 
 Phoenix, 2 
 Phyllis, 38 
 Physnomy, physiognomy, 8, 
 
 94, 1 01, etc. 
 Pinch, wound, hurt (vb. 
 
 and sb.), 96, 138, 152 
 Pinched by the heel, caught 
 
 (cf. May by the heels'), 
 
 123 
 Pitch, reach, 139 
 Plains, plaints, 43 
 Points, laces, 149 
 Pole-footed, an error for 
 
 * polt-footed,' club-footed, 
 
 69 
 
 Polype, 5, 125 
 
 Polypheme, Polyphemus 
 (and Galatea, see Theo- 
 critus, Idyl vi.), 116 
 
 Post, haste, 1 1 5 
 
 Prease, press, 56 
 
 i Prejudice (vb.), endanger, 
 
 I 142 ; (sb.), harm, injury, 
 
 I no, 124 
 
 ! Prittle-prattle, reduplica- 
 
 { tion of * prattle,' 73 
 
 I 
 Quaint, elegant, 156 
 Quandary, dilemma, 80 
 Quite, requite, 64, 156 
 
 Ramage, wild, untamed, 80 
 Rampired, barricaded (ram- 
 
 plre, rampart), 55 
 Ransom, reward, to6 
 Rebated, driven back, 105 
 Recomfort, comfort, loi 
 Recorded, sang, 66 
 Recorder, flute or flageolet, 
 
 86 
 Recure, cure, 161 
 Regius (serpent), 68 
 Rejoice, joy, 41 
 Remorse, regret, sorrow, 53 
 Renowmed, renowned, 11, 
 
 Repel, confute, repulse, 141 
 Repulsed, angered (?), 18 
 Rifle, gamble, dice (a 
 
 synonym, apparently, of 
 
 *raflle'),io 
 Rise, rose, 59, no 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 '5 
 
 Rove, to shoot at rovers, 
 that is casual marks, not 
 at a fixed distance, hence 
 to shoot wildly at long 
 range, 139 
 
 Runagates, vagabonds, 163 
 
 Sailors' Calendar, a book 
 by Lodge, not now known, 
 
 165 
 
 Saint Denis ! — war-cry of 
 
 the French kings, 164 
 Sate, sat, 18, 46, 48, etc. 
 Scorpion, 140 
 Secretary, confidant, 134 
 Sendal, a light silk, 148, 
 
 158 
 
 Set up her rest, fix her 
 abode, 51 
 
 Sethin leaf, 5 
 
 Shadow, hide, cover, 22 
 
 Showed, shown, 59 
 
 Sicco pede, (dry-foot) care- 
 lessly, 53 
 
 Sinople tree, 125 
 
 SiTH, since, 58, 154 
 
 Slop, loose breeches, 149 
 
 Smicker, smart, 161 
 
 Souseth, swoopcth (hawking 
 term), 69 
 
 Spattana (herb), 144 
 
 Spright, spirit, 127 
 
 Squint-eyed, indirect, 161 
 
 Standish, ink-stand, 135 
 
 Start, started, 35 
 
 Stickler, arbitrator, manager, 
 149 
 
 Stock, stocking, 149 
 
 Stricken up, struck, con- 
 cluded (of a bargain), 91 
 
 Stroke, struck, 95 
 
 SuB?*iiss, submissive, 10 1 
 
 Swan, 2 
 
 Swept (or swapt ?), con- 
 cluded (a bargain), 51 
 
 Taint, dye, stain, colour, 
 
 16, etc. 
 Tall, bold, 55 
 Tanais, 35 
 Tarantula, 152 
 Teinture, dye, 133, 155 
 Tellus, the earth, 39 
 Tenerifa, Tenerif, 130 
 Terceras, presumably Ter- 
 
 ceira in the Azores, xxvii, 
 
 xxix 
 Thrall, bondage, 147 
 Tiger, 8 
 Topas, 1 13 
 Tract (sb.), track, 39; 
 
 (vb.) trace, 44 
 Trains, plots, devices, 41 
 Trooped, followed, 163 
 
i86 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 Troth, faith, truth, 48, 126 
 
 Troyan, Trojan, 21 [see 
 note), 133 
 
 Truncheon, spear, 140 
 
 Trussed, packed, 34 
 
 Tyre, apparently used for 
 Carthage, as being a 
 Phoenician colony, 81 
 
 Uncapable, incapable, 42 
 Unperfect, imperfect, 72, 
 
 95 
 
 Upsee freeze, toast, carouse. 
 
 Vailed, doffed, removed, 1 5, 
 
 19 
 
 Veny, assault, 107 
 
 Wanton . . . want one (the 
 supposed etymology), 5, 
 80 
 
 Wasp, 130 
 
 Water plants, weep, 144 
 
 Watercresses, 145 
 
 Weed, garment, 37 
 Welted, edged, 149 
 What, why, 114 
 Where, whereas, 4 
 While, until, 54, 1 1 1 
 Whipped, gathered, 
 
 over, 149 
 Wind (vb.), blow, 
 
 86; 
 
 (sb. ) * is the wind in that 
 
 door,' is that what is the 
 
 matter, 1 1 2 
 Wive it, become a wife, 
 
 161 
 Wolves of Syria, 139 
 Worm - seed, probably by 
 
 confusion for * wormwood,' 
 
 152 
 Worships, honours, 58 
 Wrastling, wrestling, 14, 
 
 17 
 Wrests, wrestles, 136 
 Wrings, hurts, 145 
 Writ, wrote, x 
 Wrung, hurt, 1 10 
 
 Zeuxis, a Greek painter, 90 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 SHAKSPERE'S AS TOU LIKE IT AND 
 LODGE'S ROSJLTNDE COMPARED.i 
 
 BY W. G. STONE, ESQ. 
 
 I PROPOSE in the following paper to examine Shakspere's 
 treatment of Lodge's Rosalynde^ the source oi As Tou Like 
 It, from a negative point of view ; and, instead of showing 
 his agreement therewith, to dwell upon his divergence there- 
 from, (I) in varying the plot, (II) in modifying the characters. 
 
 Before considering Shakspere's use of his acknowledged 
 original — Lodge's Rosalynde — it may be well to enquire 
 whether he had any other before him. Farmer, who opposed 
 the assertion of Grey and Upton that Shakspere borrowed As 
 7'ou L'lhe It from the pseudo-Chaucerian Tale of Gamelyn, — 
 to which Lodge was partially indebted,— went so far as to 
 say : " . . . the old bard, who was no hunter of MSS., 
 contented himself solely with Lodge's Rosalynde ^ Knight ^ 
 produced three passages from Gamelyn, for which he found 
 parallelisms in As Tou Like It. Orlando was dependent 
 upon his brother's generosity. So should Gamelyn have been 
 
 1 A Paper read at the 77th Meeting of the New Shakspere Society, 
 Friday, March 10, 1882 ; reprinted from the Tramactions oi th.e Society, 
 1880-6, pp. 277-93. 
 
 2 "On the learning of Shakspeare," in the Var. Sh., 1821, i. 314. 
 
 3 Pictorial Shakspere, ed. i, Comedies, vol. ii. pp. 199-201. 
 
 187 
 
1 88 APPENDIX 
 
 if Sire Johan of Boundys had followed the advice of some 
 " wise knightes " whom he had requested to divide his lands 
 between his three sons, having special regard to his youngest 
 son's, Gamelyn's, interest. 
 
 " For to delen hem alle to oon, that was her thought, 
 And for Gamelyn was yongest, he schuld have nought '* 
 
 (11-43. 44)-' 
 Sire Johan, however, made Gamelyn his residuary legatee. 
 In the next instance there is certainly an analogous treatment 
 of subject. The old man, whose sons had been well nigh 
 slain by Charles, was " making such pittiful dole ouer them, 
 that all the beholders take his part with weeping," said 
 Le Beau (I. ii. 139, 140). When Gamelyn reached the 
 wrestling-place : 
 
 " . . . he herd a frankeleyn wayloway synge. 
 And bigan bitterly his hondes for to wrynge " (11. 197, 198), 
 
 bemoaning the death of his two sons. Contrast the stoicism 
 of Lodge's franklin who " never chaunged his countenance, but 
 as a man of a couragious resolution, tooke up the bodies of his 
 sonnes without shewe of outward discontent." The people, 
 we are told, " murmured, and were all in a deepe passion of 
 pittie " 2 (p. 18). The " shake by the shoulder," where- 
 with Lodge's wrestler disturbs Rosader's contemplation of 
 
 1 The references are to the Aldine edition of Chaucer (ed. 2), vol. ii. 
 pp. 139 et sqj. The Rev. W. A. Harrison drew my attention to the 
 parallelisms in Gamelyn at 11. 71-73 ; 193, 194; and 233, 234. [A 
 critical text of Gamelyn^ edited by Professor Skeat, has since been 
 published by the Clarendon Press, separately and in the six-volume 
 edition of Chaucer.] 
 
 2 The references to Rosalynde, which were originally to the reprint in 
 Hazlitt's SA. Lib.f have been made to agree with the present edition, 
 but the old spelling has been retained. 
 
APPENDIX 189 
 
 Rosalynd's charms (p. 19), bears I think, a closer resemblance 
 to Charles's rude interruption of Orlando's talk with Rosalind 
 and Celia, — <* Come, where is this yong gallant that is so 
 desirous to lie with his mother earth " (I. ii. 212, 213), — 
 than can be found in the taunt addressed by the champion to 
 Gamelyn : 
 
 "... Who is thy fader and who is thy sire ? 
 For-sothe thou art a gret fool, that thou come hire '* 
 
 (11. 22T, 222). 
 
 Five other parallelisms, more or less clear, may be added. 
 After his father's death, Johan, Gamelyn's eldest brother, 
 
 "... took into his hond his lond and his leede, 
 And Gamelyn himselfe to clothen and to feede. 
 He clothed him 2LVi^fedhimyvd and eek wrothe " 
 
 ("• 71-73)- 
 Orlando complains to Adam that Oliver's "horses are bred 
 better, for besides that they are faire with the'iv feeding, they are 
 taught their mannage, . . . hee lets mse feede with his Hindes, 
 barres mee the place of a brother," &c. (T.i. 11- 13, 19-21). 
 Lodge only says, generally, that Saladyne made " Rosader 
 his foote boy for the space of two or three yeares, keeping him 
 in such servile subjection, as if he had been the sonne of any 
 country vassal " (p. lo-ii). When Oliver called Orlando 
 a " villaine," the latter replied : " I am no villaine : I am the 
 yongest sonne of Sir Rowland de Boys ; he was my father ; 
 and he is thrice a villaine that saies such a father begot villaines " 
 (I. i. 59-62). Gamelyn answered the epithet " gadelyng," 
 given him by his eldest brother, Johan, thus : 
 
 " I am no worse gadelyng, ne no worse wight, 
 But born of a lady, and geten of a knight" (11. 107, 108). 
 
190 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 As Gamelyn rode away to the wrestling-match, Johan 
 
 "... bysoughte Jhesu Crist, that is heven kyng, 
 He mighte Z-r^/^^ his nekke in that wrastlyng " (11. 193, 194). 
 
 In commending Orlando to Charles's "discretion," Oliver 
 said : " I had as liefe thou didst hreake his necke as his finger " 
 (I. i. 152, 153). The wrestler thus taunted Gamelyn (11. 
 233» 234): 
 
 " * By God ! ' sayde the champioun, * welcome mote thou be ! 
 Come thou ones in myn hond, schalt thou never the 
 [thrive].'" 
 
 Duke Frederick said : " You shall trie but one fall." 
 Charles answered ; " No, I warrant your Grace, you shall 
 not entreat him to a second," ^ &c. (I. ii. 216-218). 
 
 1 While on this subject of the wrestling as treated by Chaucer and by 
 Shakspere, I would point to a coincidence which seems to me to 
 throw some light on a disputed reading of a passage in As Tou Like It 
 (II. iii. 7, 8). 
 
 " Why would you be so fond to ouercome 
 The bonnie [? bonie'\ priser of the humorous Duke ? " 
 
 says Adam to Orlando. The modern texts read " Bonny prizer " ; 
 "bonny" being taken in the sense of the Scotch "bonnie," as in the 
 expression *'a bonnie lass." The epithet is suitable enough when 
 applied to a fair damsel, but is it applicable to a man ? I do not 
 believe that Shakspere would be likely to use it of Charles in any 
 case ; and certainly he would not put it into the mouth of Adam under 
 the circumstances in which he is speaking. The word occurs in 
 Henry Vl.y part 2 (V. ii. 12), where it is applied to a fine horse, "the 
 bonnie beast he loved so well." In the Taming of the Shrew (II. i. 186), 
 where "Bonny Kate" is given in the Folio as "bony Kate." In 
 the same play (III. ii. 226), where it is " bonny Kate." In Richard III. 
 (I. i. 94), where Shore's wife is said to have "a bonny eye." In the 
 Song in Much Ado about Nothing (II. iii. 68), " blithe and bonnie." 
 
 ^ 
 
APPENDIX 191 
 
 Lastly, the forest of Arden and that to which Gamelyn and 
 Adam the spencer — the prototype of old Adam — betook 
 themselves are described by the same adjective. Adam 
 remarked : 
 
 That lever me were keyes for to bere, 
 Then walken in this tuilde ivoode my clothes to tere " 
 
 (11. 621, 622). 
 
 Compare : 
 
 " And to the skirts of this wilde Wood he [Duke Frederick] 
 came (V. iv. 165). 
 
 Prizer (it is spelled " priser " in the Folio) is explained to mean 
 one who fights for prizes — prize-fighter. I strongly suspect that both 
 these derivations are wrong ; that (a) " Bonnie " should be " bony," as 
 Dyce and others have printed the word in their editions, meaning one 
 with large bones, and so with a strong powerful frame ; and (b) that 
 "priser" means one who lays hold with a good firm grip. Cotgrave 
 has the word in this sense, " istre en prises, to be closely locked or 
 grappled together ; to tug one another ; to ivrastle or strive with one 
 another." 
 
 So that the expressions taken together would mean the big-framed 
 ivresder, 
 
 Aldis Wright objects to " Bony," that it would describe a thin and 
 skeleton-like man. But then he takes prizer = prize-fighter ; and the 
 question is whether Bony taken with " priser " would not convey the 
 idea of a man whose big bones gave him the advantage in the grip. 
 
 Bearing in mind that Shakspere has, in the preceding scene, described 
 his wrestler as " the sinezuy Charles" now hear what Chaucer says of a 
 wrestler : 
 
 " The Mellere was a stout carle for the nones, 
 Full big he was of braun, and eke of boones ; 
 That prevede wel, for overal ther he cam. 
 At wrastlynge he wolde bere awey the ram." 
 
 {Prologue, 11. 545-548.) — W. A. Harrison. 
 
192 APPENDIX 
 
 I. Variations in the Plot. 
 
 1. We meet with a slight variation in the opening scene 
 of j4s Tou Like It. Sir John of Bordeaux (Sir Rowland de 
 Boys) bequeathed to his youngest son Rosader (Orlando) a 
 larger portion than either Saladyne or Fernandyne (Oliver 
 and Jaques de Boys) received. Rosader was thus no penni- 
 less younger brother like Orlando, but, being a minor at the 
 time of Sir John's death, he was left to the guardianship of 
 Saladyne, who wasted his estates and degraded him to the 
 condition of a foot-boy (pp. 8-11). 
 
 2. When the two brothers quarrelled, Saladyne bade his 
 men bind Rosader, who thereupon caught up a rake and used 
 it so vigorously as to put them all to flight, and compel 
 Saladyne to take refuge in aloft (p. 13). This brawl is 
 reduced by Shakspere to Orlando's momentary clutch of 
 Oliver's throat (I. i. 62-64). 
 
 3. After his victory in the wrestling-match, Rosader, 
 attended by some " boon companions," returned triumphantly 
 to Saladyne's house. Saladyne had bribed the wrestler to 
 kill his brother, and, being wroth at the failure of his scheme, 
 shut the gate against them. Rosader broke open the gate and 
 welcomed his comrades to five tuns of Saladynes's wine and 
 whatever food could be found. When the guests had 
 departed he was minded to avenge Saladyne's discourtesy, 
 but, through Adam Spencer's mediation, the brothers were 
 reconciled. A " long while," we learn, then elapsed till, 
 ** on a morning very early," Saladyne surprised Rosader 
 asleep, and caused him to be bound to a post in the hall, for- 
 bidding any one to give him food or drink. He was released 
 by Adam Spencer, with whose assistance he attacked Saladyne 
 
APPENDIX 193 
 
 and the ** kindred and allyes," who were being entertained at 
 " a solempne breakefast," slew some of them and drove the rest 
 out of the house. Saladyne returned, accompanied by the 
 sheriff and twenty-five " tall men." Rosader and Adam 
 Spencer sallied forth, repulsed the sheriff's forces, and escaped 
 to the forest of Arden (pp. 22-24, 52-56). All this 
 violence Shakspere omitted, and made Oliver's meditated 
 attempt on Orlando's life a reason for the latter's flight 
 (II. iii. 19-25). 
 
 4. Shakspere invented the old enmity between Duke 
 Frederick and Sir Rowland de Boys, which caused the 
 duke's ungenerous behaviour to Orlando (I. ii. 237-239). 
 
 I here note that the characters and incidents of Shakspere's 
 original hitherto mentioned were borrowed by Lodge, with 
 slight alteration, from the Tale of Gamelyn. The unnamed 
 "woode," to which Gamelyn and Adam the spencer 
 retreated (1. 617), was defined by L odge^_a^s^ the Jbrest ^_ 
 Arden (p. 56). The characters added by Lodge and 
 utilized^ "b^ Shakspere are: Rosalynd, Alinda (Celia), 
 Phoebe, Montanus^ (Silvius), Coridon (Corin), Gerismond, 
 the banished king (Duke Senior), and Torismond, King of 
 France (Duke Frederick). 
 
 5. Torismond, enraged at Alinda' s importunate pleading 
 for Rosalynd, banished both daughter and niece (p. 31). 
 There was, as we have seen, a long interval between 
 
 ^ Shakspere, in changing the names of some of Lodge's characters, 
 has done so with wonderful propriety, having regard to the scene of the 
 story. Saladyne becomes Oliver, an appropriate name, from Oli'vier, an 
 Olive-tree. Sir John of Bordeaux becomes Sir Rowland de Bois = Wood. 
 Montanus is changed to Silvius, one born in the woods ; " in silvis 
 natus" (Livy, I. 3).— W. A. H. ' 
 
 O 
 
194 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Rosader's triumph and his flight, during which time 
 Rosalynd and Alinda, whose banishment took place on the 
 day of the wrestHng-match (cf. pp. 24 and 28), were living 
 in Arden (p. 52). They were known as Aliena and 
 Ganimede, and passed as mistress and page (p. 34). This 
 variation in time lead to these results. 
 
 a. When Rosalynd and Alinda had been travelling for two 
 or three days through the " Forrest side," the former espied a 
 posy addressed to an obdurate fair one, and carved on the 
 bark of a pine. Some more verses, signed " Montanus," 
 were discovered by Alinda on a beech (pp.35-37). In 
 Shakspere's version, Orlando, not an uninteresting shepherd, 
 was the writer of the verses which cast Rosalind into such 
 a pretty flutter of hope and bashfulness. 
 
 p. At the banquet in the forest (II. vii.) Gerismond 
 learnt from Rosader how his daughter and niece had been 
 banished, and were gone none knew whither (p. 63). 
 Orlando, whose flight was coeval with Rosalind's, had not 
 this clue for detecting her disguise. Yet I agree with Mr. 
 Grant White^ that we must allow much for the glamour of 
 Arden forest. 
 
 6. Saladyne was imprisoned by Torismond, ostensibly on 
 account of Rosader's wrongs. Being released and exiled he 
 resolved to seek Rosader. He did not recognize his brother 
 in the forester who saved him from a lion, but made known 
 to Rosader, as tcf a stranger, his previous history and con- 
 trition for his misdeeds. Rosader thereupon revealed himself 
 (pp. 63-65, 93-101). Doubtless Oliver knew Orlando 
 when, as he said : 
 
 " From miserable slumber I awaked "(IV. iii. 133). 
 
 ^ Galaxy, April, 1875, No. iv, p. 556, col. i. 
 
APPENDIX 195 
 
 7. Two or three^ days were spent by Rosader in showing 
 his forest haunts to Saladyne, during which time Rosalynd 
 sorely missed her lover (pp. 103-104), to whom, at their 
 last meeting, she had been sportively married by Alinda 
 (p. 90). Rosader then revisited Rosalynd and Alinda, 
 and told them the cause of his absence (p. 104). Oliver 
 informed Rosalind and Celia that Orlando was detained by 
 the wound which he had received from the lioness (IV. iii. 
 151-157). 
 
 8. In the course of this interview " certain Rascals," who 
 were hiding from justice in the forest, endeavoured to carry 
 off Alinda. They overpowered and severely wounded 
 Rosader, and must have succeeded in their attempt had not 
 Saladyne fortunately come to the rescue (pp. 105-106). 
 Shakspere made no use of this adventure. 
 
 9. On the next day, when Rosalynd and Alinda had re- 
 turned to their home, after witnessing Montanus's bootless 
 courtship of Phcebe, came Saladyne, bringing news of 
 Rosader's anticipated restoration to health (pp. 124-125). 
 Rosalynd having discreetly withdrawn (p. 128), Saladyne 
 wooed Alinda and prevailed on her to promise that she would 
 either marry him or "still live a virgine " (p. 132). 
 Shakspere, who omitted the rescue from the ruffians, caused 
 Orlando to be slightly wounded in saving Oliver from the 
 lioness (IV. iii. 147, 148). 
 
 10. At an indefinite later date Montanus brought Phoebe's 
 letter to Rosalynd. Silvius delivered a similar missive just 
 before Oliver entered with news of Orlando. 
 
 11. A day being fixed for the marriage of Alinda and 
 Saladyne, the feigned Ganimede promised Rosader that, by 
 the aid of a friend " deeply experienst in Necromancy and 
 
 ^ P. 103. Three days, p. 104. 
 
196 APPENDIX 
 
 Magicke/' the presence of Rosalynd at the ceremony should 
 be ensured. Hereupon " Rosader frownd, thinking that 
 Ganimede had jested with him" (p. 147). Shakspere 
 made Rosalind herself the conjurer, and inspired Orlando 
 with a vague confidence in the art which she professed to 
 have learnt from her uncle the magician (V. ii. 56-75 ; 
 
 iv. 3>4)- 
 
 12. Gerismond's investigation of the case of Montanus 
 and Phcebe was the chief incident of the wedding festivities 
 (pp. 1 51-156). Rosalynd and Rosader were left quite in the 
 shade. Shakspere kept his under-plot within due proportions, 
 and imparted breadth and diversity to the closing scene of 
 As Ton Like It, by means of Touchstone's wit. 
 
 13. The marriage banquet was interrupted by the arrival 
 of Fernandyne, who announced that the twelve peers of 
 France had taken up arms on their lawful sovereign's behalf, 
 and were about to join battle with Torismond's forces, on the 
 outskirts of the forest. Gerismond, accompanied by Rosader 
 and Saladyne, armed and hastened to the fray, in which 
 Torismond was slain and his followers were routed. Geris- 
 mond then returned to Paris in triumph, and the personages 
 of the story received their several rewards, from Rosader 
 downwards, created heir apparent, to Coridon, who became 
 master of Alinda's flocks (pp. 1 62-1 64) . The repentance of 
 Duke Frederick forestalled the pending hurly-burly (V. iv. 
 1 60-1 71). The "happie number" grouped round the 
 Elder Duke, whose ** returned fortune " they are soon to 
 share, are visible to us only while we stand within the 
 enchanted circle of Arden forest. 
 
APPENDIX 197 
 
 II. Variations in the Characters. 
 
 I turn now to the like negative comparison of the characters 
 presented by the novel and the play. 
 
 I. In her meditations, after the wrestling-match, upon her 
 sudden passion for Rosader, Rosalynd lamented falling in 
 love with a poor man v/ho could not maintain her state or 
 revenge her father's wrongs, called to mind certain prudential 
 maxims, as ** that gold is sweeter than eloquence ; that love 
 is a fire and wealth is the fewel," and exhorted herself to 
 think Rosader **les3e beautiful, because hee is in want, and 
 account his vertues but qualities of course, for that he is not 
 indued with wealth.*' She ended her soliloquy, however, by 
 abjuring " such servile conceites, as to prize gold more than 
 honor, or to measure a Gentleman by his wealth, not by his 
 vertues" (pp. 26-27). I suspect that Lodge deemed it 
 incumbent on him, as a man of the world, to correct the 
 excessive saccharinity of his love-passages with some bitter 
 infusions of worldly wisdom. In contrast to these musings — 
 whether natural or factitious — we have the momentary 
 struggle with conventional reserve which made Shakspere's 
 Rosalind murmur to herself, when she saw Orlando's 
 wistful gaze fixed on her, 
 
 " He cals vs back : my pride fell with my fortunes ; 
 lie aske him what he would" (I. ii. 264, 265). 
 
 The Rosalind of the novel is a colourless being, incapa-ble 
 of entering into the spirit of her part, and availing herself of 
 it to tease Rosader with the saucy bewildering banter which 
 Orlando had to endure. The only gleam of merriment in 
 
198 APPENDIX 
 
 their wooing came when, after they had sung a wooing 
 eclogue together, Rosalynd said : " How now, Forrester, 
 have I not fitted your turne ? have I not playde the woman 
 handsomely, and shewed myselfe as coy in graunts, as courteous 
 in desires, and beene as full of suspition, as men of flattery ? 
 and yet to salve all, jumpe I not all up with the sweet union of 
 love ? Did not Rosalinde content her Rosader ? " Rosader 
 opined that " if my foode bee no better than such amorous 
 dreames, Venus at the yeares end shal find me but a leane 
 lover" (pp. 89-90). Of their usual dialogue the following 
 is a fair specimen. " Thou speakest by experience (quoth 
 Ganimede), and therfore we hold al thy words for 
 Axiomes : but is Love such a lingring maladie ? It is (quoth 
 he) either extreame or meane, according to the minde of the 
 partie that entertaines it ; for as the weedes grow longer un- 
 toucht then the prettie floures, and the flint lyes safe in the 
 quarry, when the Emerauld is suffering the Lapidaries toole : 
 so meane men are freed from Venus injuries, when kings are 
 environed with a laborinth of her cares" (p. 82). 
 
 Whatever capacity for fun was possessed by Lodge's 
 Rosalynd showed itself in her talks with Alinda. Of this I 
 give an example. "You may see (quoth Ginimede) what 
 mad cattel you women be, whose harts sometimes are made 
 of Adamant that wil touch with no impression, and sometimes-, 
 of wax that is fit for every forme : they delight to be courted, 
 and then they glory to seeme coy, and when they are most 
 desired then they freese with disdaine : and this fault is so 
 common to the sex, that you see it painted out in the 
 shepheardes [Montanus'sJ passions, who found his Mistres 
 as froward as he was enamoured" (p. 36). 
 
 Either in jest or for the sake of proving his constancy she 
 advised Rosader to make his court to Alinda, who had 
 
APPENDIX 199 
 
 uttered a hope of finding "as faithfull a Paris" as he was 
 (p. 79). Neither motive could, I think, have induced 
 Shakspere's Rosalind to give such counsel to her lover. 
 
 When Rosader reappeared, after breaking his tryst, it was 
 Alinda, not Rosalynd, who scolded him. Rosader had been 
 absent for three days (p. 104). Sharp were the reproofs 
 which fell on Orlando, who came " within an houre " of 
 the time appointed (IV. i. 38-52), At first, his offended 
 mistress ignored his presence, and continued — as Grant 
 White 1 has explained to us — to banter the retreating Jaques. 
 
 Moreover, Phoebe's cruelty did not move Lodge's Rosalynd 
 to utter severer censures than were these. ** And if, Damzell, 
 you fled from mee," — Phoebe had told Montanus (p. 121) 
 that if he pursued her with Phoebus, she must flee with 
 Daphne, — "I would transforme you as Daphne to a bay, 
 and then in contempt trample your branches under my 
 feet. . . Because thou art beautifull be not so coy : as there 
 is nothing more fair, so there is nothing more fading ; as 
 momentary as the shadowes which growes from a clowdy 
 Sunne" (p. 122). Throughout the speech Phoebe's beauty 
 is fully acknowledged. Contrast with this gentle language 
 the bitter taunts of the Shaksperian Rosalind, and the 
 disparaging epithets which she applied to the poor 
 shepherdess's rustic comeliness : " inkie browes," " black 
 silke haire," "bugle eye-balls," and " cheeke of creame " 
 (III. V. 46, 47). The climax of injury was reached when 
 Silvius brought Phoebe's letter to Rosalind, who, indulging 
 in malicious play upon the double sense of the word 
 "hand," sneered at the " leatherne," "freestone-coloured," 
 "huswiues," hand of the writer ; adding with surpassing scorn, 
 
 1 Galaxy^ April, 1875, ^o. iv, p. 556, col. 2. 
 
200 APPENDIX 
 
 as though such a defect was, in Phoebe's case, part of the order 
 of Nature, " but that's no matter " ^ (IV. iii. 24-27). Lodge's 
 Rosalynd " fell into a great laughter " on reading the letter, 
 but no gibes followed at the expense of writer or bearer ; she 
 merely advised Montanus to transfer his affections to some 
 less hard-hearted fair one (pp. 13 8-1 42). 
 
 2. Concerning Alinda there is little to be said. Like 
 Celia, she bravely asserted before her father the innocence of 
 the friend whose exile she declared her resolve of sharing. 
 Shakspere omitted this extravagant expression of trust in 
 her friend's loyalty. " If then. Fortune, who tryumphs in 
 varietie of miseries, hath presented some envious person (as 
 minister of her intended stratageme) to tainte Rosalynde with 
 any surmise of treason, let him be brought to her face, and 
 confirme his accusation by witnesses ; which proved, let her 
 die, and Alinda will execute the massacre " (p. 30). 
 Through her position of mistress, and from the absence of 
 any special force of character in Rosalynd, Alinda took the 
 lead of her page. 
 
 3. A comparison of Rosader and Orlando elicits several 
 important differences of conception : the advantage decidedly 
 remaining with Shakspere's hero. 
 
 Orlando was unable to say even an " I thank you," in 
 response to RosaUnd's gracious gift and words (I. ii. 261). 
 Rosader was self-possessed enough to step into a tent and 
 there indite a laudatory sonnet, which he sent to the princess 
 in return for a jewel which she had delivered to him by the 
 hands of a page (p. 21). The intervention of the page in 
 the matter may account for Rosader's business-like procedure.^ 
 
 ^ See what the author of Dorothy says concerning Rosalind's " no 
 matter," p. xii. 
 
 2 See Transactions of the Neiv Sh, Soc.^ 1880-2, pp. 30*, 31*. 
 
201 
 
 When wandering hunger-stricken in the forest, he wept 
 and lamented that he could not die worthily, lance in hand. 
 The self-sacrificing love of Adam Spencer, who would 
 have opened his veins in order that his young master 
 might be nourished by his blood, roused Rosader from 
 despair, and sent him forth in quest of food (p. 60). No 
 such faint-hearted upbraider of destiny was Orlando, cheering 
 his drooping follower with words of confident hope and 
 gentle reproof, till he saw a reflection of his own undaunted 
 courage in the old man's looks (II. vi. ^-adjin.) 
 
 In hesitating to save Saladyne from the lion, Rosader was 
 biassed less by a desire for revenge than by a more far-seeing 
 motive. He should add Saladyne's estates to his own, and 
 his increased wealth might incline Rosalynd to regard him 
 more favourably; it being his opinion that "women's eyes 
 are made of Chrisecoll,^ that is ever unperfect unless tempred 
 with gold" (p. 95). The cause of Orlando's wavering was 
 a gust of vindictive anger (IV. iii. 128-131) ; a venial fault 
 if we consider his provocation. Rosader's hesitation was 
 chiefly due to calculating, not impulsive, culpability ; and he 
 was unconscious of the wrong which he designed towards 
 Rosalynd. His derogatory estimate of her accords with 
 this lack of moral delicacy. 
 
 Lastly, with Rosader's eloquent professions of love we 
 have to reconcile the rather awkward fact that, though he 
 
 ^ Chrisecoll, " Chrystall ? But perhaps the same as ClirysocoUa, 
 Harrison's 'England,' p. 236." Halliwell, Diet, of Archaic Words. 
 Cotgrave gives : " ChrysocoUe (ChrysocoUa), Gold-solder ; Borax ; green 
 earth, whether artificial or mineral, as Borrais. Borrais = Borax, or 
 green earth, a hard and shining mineral or humour congealed in mines. 
 There is also an artificial one made of Rock, alum, ammoniac, and other 
 things 5 both used by goldsmiths. Borras jaune = yellow-borax, found 
 in gold mines, and fittest for goldsmiths." — W. A. H. 
 
202 APPENDIX 
 
 knew of Rosalynd's exile, he did not attempt to follow her, 
 but remained at home for, we are told, "a long while,'* 
 until care for his safety obliged him to depart. I cannot 
 suppose that Orlando could have been so sluggish and 
 unfeeling. 
 
 4. Saladyne and Oliver are more akin, and it were hard 
 to strike the balance between them. 
 
 Sir John of Bordeaux bequeathed the largest share of his 
 property to Rosader. Hence Saladyne' s hatred sprang 
 chiefly from avarice, and fear of being called to account for 
 his malversations. Oliver, whose estate was subject to a 
 legacy of "but poore a thousand crownes " (I. i. 2, 3), had 
 no ground save envy for detesting Orlando. 
 
 Saladyne felt compunction for his brother's wrongs sooner 
 than did Oliver, who was certainly impenitent when banished 
 by Duke Frederick. The imprisonment which preceded 
 Saladyne's exile awakened some sorrow, which was, however, 
 not deep, for when questioned by Torismond as to his brother's 
 whereabouts, Saladyne answered reservedly that " upon some 
 ryot made against the SherifFe of the shire, he was fled from 
 Bordeaux, but hee knew not whither " (p* 65 ) . In Saladyne's 
 presence Rosader related to Gerismond all that had passed 
 between them (p. lOi). Celia and Rosalind were the 
 recipients of Oliver's confession. Oliver would doubtless 
 have soon revealed himself as the unnatural brother, but, in 
 his emotion, the truth escaped him ere he had summoned 
 resolution enough deliberately to avow it (IV. iii. 133). 
 
 Saladyne's amorous speeches to Alinda, and her replies, 
 are recorded for us. She expressed the conventional distrust 
 of his good faith, and bade him reflect on their inequality of 
 birth (pp. 128-132). How Oliver wooed Celia we are 
 left to imagine : we only learn the issue from Rosalind, 
 
APPENDIX 203 
 
 who treated the whole affair with much levity (V. ii. 
 
 32-45)- 
 
 Alinda's warning was not unneeded. When, on the 
 wedding-day, the pseudo-Ganymede, having withdrawn 
 alone and re-entered as Gerismond's daughter, was given by 
 the king in marriage to Rosader, Saladyne, comparing his 
 brother's splendid alliance with his own, stood " in a dumpe " 
 till Alinda declared herself to be the daughter of Torismond 
 (p. 159). Ceha's entrance simultaneously with Rosalind 
 spared Oliver this test of his constancy. 
 
 Most of us have, I suspect, wondered why Celia should 
 have fallen in love with Oliver, and regretted that she did 
 not choose a worthier mate.^ Saladyne's display of prowess 
 in the struggle with the forest-ruffians commended him to 
 Alinda ; and, in saving Rosader's life, he requited his 
 brother's generosity, and made some atonement for past un- 
 kindness. Shakspere did not ennoble Oliver by any such 
 device. 
 
 The minor characters now remain to be considered. 
 
 ^ Swinburne writes : " That one unlucky slip of the brush which has 
 left so ugly a little smear in one corner of the canvas as the betrothal 
 of Oliver to Celia." 
 
 "The actual or hypothetical necessity of pairing off all the couples" 
 (at the end of a comedy) " is the theatrical idol whose tyranny exacts 
 this holocaust of higher and better feelings," &c. [Study of Shakespeare 
 p. 152).— [W. A. H.] 
 
 We may derive some consolation from comparing the union of Celia 
 and Oliver with another example, in George Eliot's Middlemarch. If 
 desert alone were regarded, Mary Garth should have married Mr. 
 Farebrother, but then Fred Vincy's ruin was inevitable. Farebrother 
 could steer his own course aright ; poor Fred could not. We may hope 
 that under Cclia's beneficent influence the rooted evil of Oliver's nature 
 was killed, the germ of worth in him — shown by his genuine remorse 
 — quickened, and that he came at last to deserve his good fortune. 
 
204 APPENDIX 
 
 5. Adam Spencer exceeded the Shaksperian Adam in 
 fidelity. The former, as we have seen, was willing to 
 sacrifice his life in order to save his master from starvation. 
 This especial proof of devotion forms a repulsive, and possibly 
 an unnatural, incident. Moreover, as Lodge has used it, it 
 degrades Rosader, whose bitter lamentations caused Adam 
 Spencer to oifer such a relief. 
 
 6. Lodge's Phoebe rejected Montanus's suit " not," as she 
 told him, " that I scorne thee, but that I hate love : for I 
 count it as great honor to triumph over fancie as over 
 fortune" (p. 121). The Shaksperian Phoebe expressed no 
 abstract preference for an unwedded state. 
 
 The violence of her passion having endangered Phoebe's 
 life, the disguised page, at Montanus's request, visited her as 
 she lay sick in her father's house ; and, arguing the matter 
 with courtesy and consideration, — qualities, as I have already 
 noticed, lacking in the other Ganymede's method of dealing 
 with an unwelcome attachment, — drew forth this confession : 
 *' . . . so deeply I repent me of my frowardnesse towards 
 the shepheard, that could I cease to love Ganimede, I 
 would resolve to like Montanus " (p. 145). Shakspere did 
 not endow his Phoebe with so much sensibility. We do not 
 gather that unrequited love affected her health ; and her 
 feigned pity — preluded by the gracious avowal, " Why, I am 
 sorry for thee, gentle Silvius " — was merely the flattering 
 transition from cruelty to treachery (III. v. 86). 
 
 7. Montanus, despairing of Phoebe's life, magnanimously 
 advised his rival to wed her. To Alinda, who said, '* . . . 
 if Ganimede marry Phoebe, thy market is cleane mard," he 
 answered, " . . .so hath love taught me to honour Phoebe, 
 that I would prejudice my life to pleasure her, and die in 
 despaire rather than shee should perish for want" (p. 142). 
 
APPENDIX 205 
 
 If rewarded sometimes by a smile, Silvius could endure the 
 better fortune of another wooer, but his imaginative heroism 
 carried him no further. He told his Phoebe that he should 
 
 "... thinke it a most plenteous crop 
 
 To gleane the broken eares after the man 
 
 That the maine haruest reapes : loose now and then 
 
 A scattred smile, and that lie Hue vpon " (III. v. 101-104) 
 
 Further, when requested to convey the fatal letter, 
 Montanus, we learn, " saw day at a little hole, and did 
 perceive what passion pinched her [Phoebe] : yet (that he 
 might seeme dutifuU to his Mistresse in all service) he dis- 
 sembled the matter, and became a willing Messenger of his 
 own Martyrdom" (p. 138). The like merit cannot be 
 attributed to Silvius, who was completely fooled. 
 
 8. Of the two shepherds Montanus and Coridon, and the 
 fair shepherdess Phoebe, it may be said that they are idealized 
 after the Arcadian model. Coridon, the prototype of Corin, 
 is, both in speech and ways, the most homely of the three. 
 Concerning Phoebe he remarked, " if al maidens were of her 
 mind, the world would grow to a mad passe ; for there would 
 be great store of wooing and litle wedding, many words and 
 little worship, much folly and no faith " (p. 1 1 1 ). Before 
 the wedding party went to church he presented " a faire mazer 
 full of Sidar " to Gerismond, with a " clownish salute " 
 which made the king smile (p. 150). "About mid dinner, 
 to make them mery, Coridon came in with an old crowd,i 
 and plaid them a fit of mirth, to which he sung this pleasant 
 song, 
 
 1 A fiddle. — Nares's Glossary, 1867, s.v. See the minute description 
 of Condon's "holiday sute," p. 149. 
 
2o6 APPENDIX 
 
 A blyth and bonny country Lasse, — 
 
 heigh ho, the bonny Lasse ! — 
 
 Sate sighing on the tender grasse, 
 
 and weeping said, * will none come woo mee ? ' " &c. 
 
 (p. .61). 
 
 Yet in a wooing eclogue he could warble thus to Montanus : 
 
 " This milk-white Poppy, and this climbing Pine, 
 Both promise shade ; then sit thee downe and sing, 
 And make these woods with pleasant notes to ring. 
 Till Phoebus daine all Westward to decline " (p. 40). 
 
 On Alinda's wedding day, Montanus " was apparelled all 
 in tawny, to signifie that he was forsaken : on his head he 
 wore a garland of willow, his bottle hanged by his side, 
 whereon was painted dispaire, and on his sheephooke hung 
 two Sonnets,! as lables of his loves and fortunes" (p. 151). 
 Touching his love he discoursed in this fashion : " Mine eyes 
 like bees delight in sweet flowers, but sucking their fill on 
 the faire of beauty, they carry home to the Hive of my heart 
 farre more gaul than hony, and for one drop of pure deaw, a 
 tun full of deadly Aconiton " (p. 151). 
 
 1 Five other sonnets are preserved for us, one of them being in 
 French (p. 117). Mr. Collier said: "Lodge appears to have been 
 rather vain of his French compositions, and this is not the only instance 
 in which he has introduced them, either in his ov/n works or as 
 laudatory of those of others. To put French verses into the mouth of 
 Montanus is a gross piece of indecorum as respects the preservation of 
 character." — Ibid.^ note. If the forest of Arden were the forest of 
 Ardennes, French was Montanus's native tongue ; but since we find 
 Rosader and Adam journeying to the forest "through the province of 
 Bourdeaux," and expecting by this route to reach "Lions" (p. 56), we 
 are obliged to conclude that the site of Lodge's Arden is as indefinite as 
 Shakspere's. 
 
APPENDIX 207 
 
 Phoebe, too, had the same command of tropical language ; 
 and her two extant sonnets (pp. 118, 137) are as pithy and 
 well-conceited as are the poetic fancies of the other personages 
 of the novel, most of whom have left us specimens of their 
 powers in this line. When Rosalind and Alinda first 
 beheld her, she was attired " in a petticote of scarlet, covered 
 with a green mantle, and to shrowd her from the Sunne a 
 chaplet of roses : from under which appeared a face full of 
 Natures excellence, and two such eyes as might have amated 
 a greater man than Montanus " (p. 115). Lodge may put 
 in the touch, <* a face full of Natures excellence," but we 
 know assuredly that she had not the " leathern hand " which 
 Shakspere has not shrunk from giving to his Phoebe. 
 
 The dwellers in Shakspere' s Arden are drawn from 
 Nature, Phoebe and Silvius marking the credible limit of 
 rustic refinement, while in Audrey and William the ordinary 
 peasant type is depicted. Old Corin fills a place between 
 these two grades. 
 
 9. Of Gerismond and Torismond I have only to observe, 
 that the former did not possess the cheerful fortitude in 
 adversity which distinguished the Elder Duke ; and that the 
 latter, in banishing his daughter as well as his niece, showed 
 himself to be a more rigorous tyrant than was Duke 
 Frederick. 
 
 It now remains to summarize the results of this examin- 
 ation. 
 
 Shakspere's Rosalind and Celia may be called creations : 
 little more than the plot through which they moved being 
 borrowed from Lodge. Shakspere gave to Rosalind the 
 pre-eminence that the structure of the story demanded. Her 
 abundant wit was also his gift. The chief negative change 
 
2o8 APPENDIX 
 
 consisted in the behaviour of Rosalind to Orlando after the 
 wrestling-match. 
 
 The development of Orlando's character was due in a 
 larger measure to omission and substitution. By a variation in 
 the plot, while economy of time, a dramatic gain, is effected, 
 the hero's unloverUke sojourn at home during his lady's 
 exile is avoided. Again, the breaking of his tryst in con- 
 sequence of a prolonged ramble is rejected. Our suspicions, 
 that, in spite of his protests, Rosader was but a cold lover, 
 are rather increased when we consider his behaviour — in 
 marked contrast to Orlando — after the wrestling-match. 
 His despondency when menaced by hunger, and the sinister 
 calculation which prompted him to abandon his brother and 
 make his desertion a means of winning Rosalynd, show grave 
 defects of character from which Shakspere's Orlando is quite 
 free. 
 
 Instead of Saladyne's avarice, Shakspere, by changing the 
 circumstances, substituted Oliver's envy. Lodge granted 
 Saladyne an opportunity for repairing past injuries. Shak- 
 spere denied this to his Oliver. Our attention is solely fixed 
 on the rescue from the lioness. Oliver's repentance is, with 
 much dramatic effect, deferred until that crowning moment, 
 and he is not afterwards permitted in any wise to disturb 
 Orlando's superiority. Yet, by another slight change of 
 circumstance, Oliver was spared the risk of falling lower in our 
 esteem, as Saladyne did when he repented his match with 
 Alinda. 
 
 The episode of the hard-hearted shepherdess and her lover 
 served as an under-plot ; in strict subordination to the main 
 story. The artificial air which hangs about Lodge's swains, 
 including old Coridon, was dispelled. The Shaksperian 
 Phoebe was simply ** fancy free " ; not a sworn vestal as was 
 
APPENDIX 209 
 
 her sister of the novel. Neither did love afflict her with 
 languishing sickness. Montanus's willingness to surrender 
 his Phoebe to a rival was not emulated by Silvius. 
 
 To this avoidance of what may at least be called highly 
 coloured touches should be added : the toning down of the 
 " tyrants vaine " in Torismond ; and the efFacement of 
 Alinda's offer to become the guilty Rosalynd's executioner, 
 as well as Adam Spencer's proposed self-sacrifice, which was 
 open to the further objection that it reflected discredit on 
 Rosader. 
 
 Lastly, the deeds of violence which embittered the brothers' 
 strife, the battle that raged on the verge of the forest, and the 
 lawlessness that found a shelter in its depths, have no parallels 
 in y^s Tou Like It. We can forget the malice of Oliver and 
 the tyranny of Duke Frederick amid the peace and innocence 
 enfolding Shakespere's Arden ; cruelty and injustice range 
 without, but may not break, its charmed circle : we can 
 return to that primal age when the loves and caprices of 
 simple rustic folk were the chief tokens of human passion, and 
 dwell again where we " fleet the time carelesly as they did 
 in the golden world." 
 
Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, 
 bread street hill, e.c., and 
 
 BUNGAV, SUFFOLK. 
 
A PROSPECTUS OF 
 
 ClK Shakespeare Cibrary 
 
 I CDe Oia Spelling SDaRespeare 
 2. Cbe $DdRe$pedre eia$$ic$ 
 5« CDe EamD SDaRespearc for tDe 
 
 youttd 
 4. SDdkespearCs Endlana 
 
 ^T is proposed to include in " The Shakespeare Library " a 
 %} comprehensive series of works bearing directly on Shakespeare 
 and his age — texts and studies, valuable alike for students and 
 the ever-widening circle of general readers interested in all that 
 pertains to the great dramatist and his work. "The Shakespeare 
 Classics " and " The Old Spelling Shakespeare,*' described 
 below, are sections of " The Shakespeare Library." Other 
 works in preparation are The Shakespeare Allusion Book, a 
 revised and amplified edition of the scarce two volumes originally- 
 issued, under the direction of Dr. Furnivall, by the New 
 Shakspere Society ; and other books illustrative of English life 
 during the age of Shakespeare. 
 
 Orders received at all Booksellers, or from the Publishers 
 
 DUFFELD 
 
 36EAST21"SI 
 
 COMB^NY 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
CDc Old Spellittg SbaRespcare 
 
 In Forty Volumes, to be issued at short intervals. 
 
 tbe UlorKs of 
 lumm SbaRcspearc 
 
 Editea according to the orthography ana arrange- 
 ment of the more authentic Quarto and Folio versions, 
 ivith brief Introductions , by F. J. FURNIVALL, M.A., 
 D.Litt. {founder of the Neiv Shakspere SocietyJ. 
 
 The project of issuing an edition of Shakespeare in such a form as 
 would have harmonized with the poet's own orthography has engaged 
 Dr. Furnivall's attention and entailed much active work on his part for 
 more than a quarter of a century. In the enthusiasm which has lately 
 been evoked by the successful launching of costly reproductions of the 
 Shakespeare Folios, Dr. Furnivall has had the good fortune to realize 
 that his has not been a voice crying unheard. His untiring advocacy of 
 the principle that scholars should have Shakespeare's text before them as 
 nearly as possible in the exact form in which it left Shakespeare's own 
 hand, is now becoming universally accepted, and the project will here be 
 realized under his own editorship — in the case of several volumes in con- 
 junction with the late W. G. Boswell-Stone. 
 
 The entire series of plays and poems will be produced in 40 volumes, 
 carefully printed, with the necessary differentiations of type, accompanied 
 by short prefaces and brief textual notes and collations. The Comedies 
 and Romances will be issued first, followed by the Histories, Tragedies, 
 and Poems. 
 
 The volumes will be printed on fine paper, page measuring 6^ x 8^ 
 inches, linen, coloured top, per volume, $1.00 net. 
 
 *^* Also a Library Edition of 500 sets on linen paper, halt-parchment, 
 linen sides, gilt top, per volume, $1.60 net. Sold in sets only. 
 
 CDe Sbakespearc Classics 
 
 In The Shakespeare Classics, under the General Editorship of Pro- 
 fessor I. GoLLANCz, will be issued a comprehensive series of the Romances, 
 Histories, Plays, and Poems used by Shakespeare as the originals or 
 direct sources of his Plays. The Series will consist of not fewer than 
 twelve nor more than twenty volumes, the text in modern spelling, and will 
 be as indispensable to the scholar, and as essential a part of every library, as 
 it will be of general interest to all intelligent readers. Competent Editors 
 will have charge of every volume, under the direct supervision of the 
 General Editor. 
 
 "The Shakespeare Classics " will be issued on paper about ^\ x 6f inches, 
 gilt tops, bound as indicated. Vols, i and 2 are just ready, and further 
 issues will follow at frequent intervals. The order of the volumes as listed 
 
may be varied. The frontispieces will usually reproduce the original titles 
 in photogravure. Other illustrations may be included, as advisable. 
 
 Quarter-bound antique grey boards, $i.oo net, 
 
 *^* Also a Library Edition of 500 sets on linen paper, about 7^ x 5f 
 inches, half-bound parchment, cloth sides, gilt top, per volume, $1.60 net. 
 
 **Cbc Shakespeare €la$$!c$/* first Uolumes 
 
 1. Lodg^e's "Rosalynde" : the original of Shakespeare's *'As You 
 Like It." Edited by W. W. Greg, M.A. Frontispiece. 
 
 2. Greene's ** Pandosto," or *' Dorastus and Fawnia": the 
 original of Shakespeare's '< Winter's Tale." Edited by P. G. Thomas, 
 Professor of English Literature, Bedford College, University of 
 London. Frontispiece. 
 
 3. Brooke's poem of " Romeus and Juliet": the original oi 
 Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." As edited by P. A. Daniel; 
 modernized and re-edited by J. J. Munro. Frontispiece. 
 
 4. "The Troublesome Reign of King John": the play re- 
 written by Shakespeare as " King John." Edited by F. J. Furnivall, 
 D.Litt. Frontispiece. 
 
 5,6. "The History of Hamlet." Together with other Documents 
 illustrative of the source of Shakespeare's play, and an Introductory 
 Study of the Legend of Hamlet by Professor I. Gollancz, who 
 also edits the work. Frontispiece. 
 
 7 "The Play of King Leir and his three Daughters": the old 
 play on the subject of King Lear. Edited by Sidney Lee, D.Litt. 
 Frontispiece. 
 
 8. " The Taming of A Shrew " : being the old play used by 
 Shakespeare in "The Taming of The Shrew." Edited by Professor 
 F. S. Boas. Frontispiece. 
 
 9. The Sources and Analogues of "A Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." Edited by Frank Sidgwick, B.A, 
 
 10. " The Famous Victories of Henry V." 
 
 11. "The Menaechmi" : the original of Shakespeare's "Comedy ot 
 Errors." The Elizabethan translation. 
 
 12. " Promos and Cassandra" : the source of " Measure for Measure." 
 
 Cbe Camb SbakesDeare for tbe Voung 
 
 In The Lamb Shakespeare for the Young, based on Mary and Charles 
 Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, an attempt is made to insert skilfully 
 within the setting of prose those scenes and passages from the play with 
 which the young reader should quite early become acquainted. It is 
 believed that this form of presenting the chief plays to the young will, 
 in accordance with a widely-expressed wish from many educational 
 experts, commend itself to teachers and others. Professor I. Gollancz 
 has consented to be responsible for the Series. Each volume will be 
 illustrated by artists who will endeavour to reproduce the chief scenes of 
 the action as they would be visualized by the young, while a further 
 
feature will be made of Songs from the Plays set to the best music 
 arranged for school use under the direction of T. Maskell Hardy. 
 
 "The Lamb Shakespeare" will be issued in the following styles, with 
 special Cover Design, imperial i6mo, 5| x 7I inches, cloth gilt, 80c. net ; 
 limp lambskin, $1.00 net. 
 
 Publication of the first three volumes will be followed by the re- 
 mainder at short intervals. 
 
 1. The Tempest, illustrations by Miss Helen Stratton. 
 
 2. As You Like It. Illustrations by Miss L. E. Wright. 
 
 3. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Illustrations by Miss Helen 
 Stratton. 
 
 4 The Merchant of Venice. 
 
 5. King Henry V. 
 
 6. Twelfth Night 
 
 Uniform "With the above : 
 
 A Life of Shakespeare for the Young. 
 
 Sbakespearc's eitglana 
 
 This section of "The Shakespeare Library" will contain a series of 
 volumes illustrative of the life, thought, and literature of England in the 
 time of Shakespeare, Among the earlier volumes are — 
 
 1. "Robert Laneham's Letter." Describing part of the Entertain- 
 ment given to Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth Castle in 1575. This 
 work, of which so much use was made in Scott's "Kenilworth," is, 
 even apart from the interest of its main subject, of the greatest value 
 on account of the list which it contains of the library of a certain 
 Captain Cox, a worthy mason, who had " great oversight in matters 
 of story " — a list which affords an excellent view of the popular 
 literature of the day. All the works mentioned are fully described in 
 an Introduction by Dr. Furnivall. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $1.75 net. 
 
 2. "The Rogues and Vagabonds of Shakespeare's Youth." Con- 
 taining reprints of Awdeley's " Fraternity of Vacabondes," Harman's 
 <' Caveat for Common Cursetors," Parson Haben's or Hyberdyne's 
 " Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery," etc., and many repro- 
 ductions from the original woodcuts. Edited, with an introduction, by 
 Edward Viles and Dr. Furnivall. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $i . 75 net. 
 
 3 "Shakespeare's Holinshed." Containing a reprint of all the 
 passages in Holinshed's "Chronicle" of which use was made in 
 Shakespeare's Historical Plays, with Notes and full Index. Edited 
 by W. G. Boswell-Stone. Royal 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $3.50 net. 
 
 4. "The Shakespeare Allusion Book." Reprints of all known 
 references to Shakespeare and to his works before the close of the seven- 
 teenth century. The Allusions, which were originally collected by 
 Dr. Ingleby, Miss L. Toulmin Smith, and Dr. Furnivall, will now, 
 for the first time, be arranged in chronological order, and supple- 
 mented with further material not heretofore included. In two 
 volumes, royal 8vo, cloth, gilt tops, per set $5.50 net. 
 
 [Richard Clay &» Sons, Limited^ London and Bungay. 
 
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