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Rules and Regulations 
 
 For the Government 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Richmond Public Schools 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 B Y = L A W S 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 City of Richmond, Va. 
 
 Revised and Printed August, 1907. 
 
^ -^"^ 
 
 O. E. Flanhart Printing Co., 
 
 City Printers, 
 
 Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 D OF D. 
 
 ^ffi SO i 909 
 
SCHOOL BOARD CITY OF RICHMOND 
 
 OFFICE— Room 2, 4th Floor, City Hall. 
 
 ©fficers 
 
 JAMES H. CAPERS Chairman 
 
 CHAS. HUTZLER Vice-Chairman 
 
 WM. F. FOX Superintendent 
 
 ALBERT H. HILL Ass't Superintendent 
 
 CHAS. P. WALFORD Clerk and Supervisor 
 
 Crustees— FIRST DISTRICT 
 
 R. H. CHILDREY 17th and Franklin Sts. 
 
 W. FLOYD REAMS Box 901, City 
 
 JOHN BAGBY 1102 E. Main St. 
 
 SECOND DISTRICT 
 
 F. C. EBEL UN. 9th St. 
 
 M. D. HOGE, Jb 308 E. Grace St. 
 
 CHARLES HUTZLER... 5i5 E. Broad St. 
 
 THIRD DISTRICT 
 
 JAMES H. GAPERS 1322 E. Cary St. 
 
 ARTHUR B. CJjARKK.. Merchants Nat. Bk B'g 
 J. G. CORLEY 213 E. Broad St. 
 
 Committees 
 
 Buildings and Furniture — Chas. H u t z 1 e r, 
 Chairman ; F. C. Ebel, A. B. Clarke, J. G. Cor- 
 ley. 
 
 Regular meeting, Monday before the fourth. 
 Thursday of each month at 8 P. M, 
 
 Teachers and Schools — F. C. Ebel, Chairman; 
 M. D. Hoge, Jr., W. Floyd Reams, Roland H. 
 Childrey. 
 
 Regular meeting, second Tuesday in each 
 month at 6 P. M. and Tuesday before the 
 fourth Thursday of each month at 8 P. M. 
 
 Finance Committee — A. B. Clarke, Chairman; 
 Chas. Hutzler, John Bagby. 
 
 Regular meeting, Wednesday before the 
 fourth Thursday of each month at 8 P. M. 
 
 Axvard of Scholarships — M. D. Hoge, Jr., 
 Chairman; F. C. Ebel, Chas. Hutzler. 
 
 Regular meeting, before the annual closing 
 exercises in June. 
 
RICHMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 White 
 
 High School, 
 Nicholson School, 
 Iiouisiana School, 
 Chiniborazo School, 
 Oakwood School, 
 Springfield School, 
 Fairmount School, 
 Bellevue School, 
 Marshall School, 
 Central School, 
 Leigh School, 
 Madison School, 
 Elba School, 
 West End School, 
 Randolph School, 
 Sidney School, 
 
 805 E. Marshall St. 
 308 Nicholson St., Fulton 
 81£ Louisiana St., " 
 SSrd and Marshall Sts. 
 SUth and P Sts. 
 26th and Leigh Sts. 
 21st and T Streets 
 22nd and Broad Sts. 
 19th and Marshall Sts. 
 A07 N. 12th Street 
 1st and Leigh Streets 
 Madison and Cary Sts. 
 1000 W. Marshall St. 
 1520 W. Main Street 
 Randolph and Chaffin Sts. 
 Sycamore and Cary Sts. 
 
 Normal School, 
 Fulton, 
 
 Reidsville School, 
 East End School, 
 29th Street School, 
 VaUey School, 
 Navy Hill School, 
 Raker School, 
 Monroe School, 
 Moore School, 
 Newtown School, 
 Sidney School (col. 
 
 Colored 
 
 12th and Leigh Streets 
 
 29th and Streets 
 13U -N. 29th Street 
 15th and Marshall Sts. 
 6th and Duval Streets 
 St. Paul and Baker Sts. 
 Leigh and St. Peter Sts, 
 Ills Moore Street 
 2110 Moore Street 
 ), Winder St., bet. Meadow 
 and Carter. 
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 GOVERNMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
 
 OF 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. 
 1907. 
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 For the Government of the Public 
 Schools of Richmond, Va. 
 1907. 
 
 ADMISSION. 
 
 1. Residents. — All children whose 
 parents reside within the limits of the 
 city, who are not otherwise disqualified 
 by these regulations, and who are be- 
 tween the ages of seven and twenty 
 years, shall be entitled to attend the 
 Public Schools of the city; provided, 
 that when there is lack of accommoda- 
 tions preference will be given to the 
 eldest. 
 
 Children who have completed the 
 Kindergarten course and are (past) 
 six years of age, or others who will 
 be seven years of age during the ses- 
 sion of their application may be ad- 
 mitted by order of the School Board 
 or by the Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 2. Non-residents. — Parents or guard- 
 ians who live beyond the corporate 
 limits of the city of Richmond shall 
 
10 
 
 have the privilege of sending their 
 children or wards to the Public Schools 
 of Richmond, and of entering them 
 in any grade (above the 3B) in which 
 there may be vacancies, subject to all 
 the rules and regulations govern- 
 ing the Public Schools of the city 
 aforesaid, upon the payment of twenty 
 dollars tuition, per session, in the Dis- 
 trict School and forty dollars per ses- 
 sion in the High School. One-half 
 shall be payable September 15th, and 
 the remainder on the 1st of February 
 succeeding. Children below the 4A 
 may be admitted by special action of 
 the Board in each case. 
 
 3. Tax Credit. — Non-resident par- 
 ents, who are tax-payers on real es- 
 tate situated in the city of Richmond, 
 shall be credited on the amount of 
 tuition to be paid by them by the 
 amount of city taxes paid on such real 
 estate, upon filing with the Clerk of 
 the School Board a duplicate tax re- 
 ceipt or certificate from the City Col- 
 lector. 
 
 Resident or non-resident guardians, 
 who are tax-payers on real estate situ- 
 ated in the city of Richmond for their 
 ward or wards, shall be entitled to 
 the same credit as non-resident par- 
 ents. 
 
 Permission for enrollment under 
 sections 2 and 3 must first be given in 
 
11 
 
 writing by the Clerk and Supervisor 
 of the School Board. 
 
 4. Rights of Pay Pupils. — The pro- 
 visions of this law shall in no case 
 be construed so as to exclude the chil- 
 dren of resident parents, but when a 
 child or ward of a non-resident parent 
 or guardian has been duly admitted 
 to the schools, and the tuition paid 
 as hereinbefore provided, such child 
 or ward shall not be dismissed to 
 make room for the children of resident 
 parents, who shall apply thereafter, un- 
 til the expiration of the time for which 
 the tuition has been paid and for which 
 the contract was made. 
 
 5. Pupils Confined to Districts, — ' 
 Every pupil will be required to attend 
 tHe school established in the district 
 in which such pupil resides; provided, 
 that whenever such schools are full 
 the pupil may be transferred to an- 
 other district. 
 
 6. Transfers. — No pupil of one school 
 shall be admitted into another dur- 
 ing the same scholastic year with- 
 out a transfer from his Principal, 
 approved by the Superintendent. The 
 name of a pupil transferred shall 
 be placed on the total enrolment of, 
 the school to which the transfer is 
 made, whether the pupil appears or 
 not. Notification of every transfer 
 
12 
 
 shall be immediately forwarded to the 
 Principal to whom the transfer is 
 made. Each transfer shall give the 
 necessary information in regard to 
 vaccination, indigent books, scholar- 
 ship, attendance, whether a pay pupil, 
 and any other necessary information. 
 
 ENROLMENT. 
 
 7. Register Pupils. — The Principal 
 shall instruct his teachers to register 
 on the regular cards the name, age, 
 residence, vaccination, and date of ad- 
 mission of each pupil entered in the 
 Public Schools, together with the 
 name, residence, and occupation of the 
 parent. But no child whose parents 
 are not residents of the city shall J?e 
 enrolled as a pupil of the schools un- 
 til sections 2, or 3 of these regula- 
 tions has been complied with. 
 
 LIST OF NON-EESIDENTS. 
 
 8. Principals are required to for- 
 ward to the Clerk and Supervisor of 
 the School Board a complete list of 
 non-resident pupils, and give name, 
 residence, etc., of the parent or guard- 
 ian, on the prescribed form. 
 
 SCHOOL REGISTER. 
 
 9. Teachers shall use the School Reg- 
 
ister provided for the purpose, and 
 record in same all cases of serious 
 sickness, accidents and deaths among 
 their pupils. 
 
 HEALTH REGULATIONS. 
 
 10. Vaccination. — Every child en- 
 rolled in the public schools shall be 
 properly vaccinated as attested by the 
 city physician. 
 
 In cases where the vaccination is 
 not satisfactory the parents shall be 
 notified and the child must be vaccinat- 
 ed within five (5) days. 
 
 If the parents claim that they are 
 unable to pay for the vaccination, then 
 the city physician will vaccinate the 
 child without cost. 
 
 Children who do not comply with 
 the above regulation must be excluded 
 from school until the same is complied 
 with. 
 
 The rules in regard to vaccination 
 shall apply to principals, teachers, jani- 
 tors, and janitor's families, when re- 
 siding on the school premises. 
 
 11, Contagious Diseases. — No pupil 
 or teacher affected with any contag- 
 ious disease shall be allowed to re- 
 main in any public school; nor shall 
 any pupil or teacher in the same house 
 in which any contagious disease pre- 
 
14 
 
 vails be allowed to attend school dur- 
 ing its prevalence, except as further 
 provided for in this section. 
 
 In cases of small-pox, diphtheria, 
 membranous croup, or scarlet fever: — 
 
 (a) Exclude and drop from the 
 
 roll all pupils of the families 
 in which there is one of the 
 above diseases. 
 
 (b) When a pupil or teacher who 
 
 has had one of these diseases 
 returns, it is necessary to 
 bring a certificate from the 
 attending physician declarr 
 ing that there is no danger 
 of communicating the dis- 
 ease, and also a certificate 
 from the Health Department 
 Fumigator that the premises, 
 books and clothing have 
 been properly disinfected. In 
 cases of diphtheria a certifi- 
 cate from the City Bacteriolo- 
 gist is also necessary. 
 
 (c) Pupils or teachers who have 
 
 been exposed to any one of 
 the above diseases and who 
 are not immune, must stay 
 out until it is determined 
 whether they will have it. 
 (See Period of Quarantine in 
 "Hints to Teachers.") 
 In eases of measles, mumps, chicken- 
 pox, whooping cough and German 
 
15 
 
 measles, the brothers or sisters of the 
 affected pupil who have had the dis- 
 ease may continue at school. The 
 quarantine must be enforced for the 
 brothers and sisters who have not had 
 the disease. 
 
 12. Contagious Disease in School 
 Building. — When a case of illness de- 
 velops in school, and it is thereafter 
 ascertained that it is diphtheria, scar- 
 let fev^r, small-pox, or any other dis- 
 ease of great virulence, that may be 
 communicated by exposure or con- 
 tact, the Superintendent shall direct 
 that the room or rooms which such 
 person occupied shall not again be used 
 until it has been thoroughly disinfect- 
 ed by such means as may be directed 
 by the Board of Health. 
 
 13. Epilepsy, etc. — Pupils while af- 
 flicted with epilepsy or chorea (St. 
 Vitus Dance) shall be excluded from 
 school. 
 
 14. City Physician. — The city physi- 
 cian visits the buildings daily and all 
 pupils who have been absent on ac- 
 count of any of the above mentioned 
 contagious diseases, shall be examined 
 by him before they are allowed to re- 
 turn to their classes. 
 
 In every doubtful case the city phy- 
 sician must be consulted. 
 
16 
 
 BOOKS, STATIONERY, ETC. 
 
 15. Provide Text Books, etc. — ^Pupils 
 are required to supply themselves with 
 the necessary text books, stationery, 
 etc., within reasonable time; otherwise 
 they shall be excluded unless they 
 present evidence of their inability to 
 purchase them. 
 
 16. Indigent Pupils. — P u pil s in 
 grades below the High Schools wha 
 are unable to provide books may, on 
 written application of parent or guard- 
 ian, upon form prepared for same, be 
 loaned books by the School Board; but 
 in all such cases, the books shall be 
 returned when the pupil leaves the 
 school. If they are not returned by 
 any pupil, the fact shall be reported 
 to the Superintendent, and the pupil 
 shall not be permitted again to enter 
 any Public School in the city. 
 
 Parents or guardians applying for 
 books for "indigent pupils" must ap- 
 ply in person, and sign the applica- 
 tion in the presence of the Principal, 
 
 17. Writing Tablets. — The uniform 
 pad adopted for use in all the schools 
 for tests, examinations and other spe- 
 cial work for exhibition purposes, is 
 8 1-2 x 11 inches in size. 
 
 18. Recommendation of Pads, etc. — 
 No principal or teacher shall be al- 
 
17 
 
 lowed .to recommend any particular 
 pad or other school appliance, or to 
 furnish same directly or indirectly. 
 
 ATTENDANCE. 
 
 19. Attendance. — Principals, super- 
 visors, teachers and pupils must be 
 regular and punctual in attendance. 
 
 20. Regulation of Clocks. — It shall 
 be the duty of each Principal to see 
 that all the clocks belonging to his 
 school are regulated by the city time 
 every morning; and all teachers shall 
 conform to this standard in making 
 their record of attendance, both for 
 themselves and for their pupils. 
 
 21. District Schools. — Bell rings and 
 lines form at 8:45 A. M. Pupils com- 
 ing in between 8:45 and 9 o'clock are 
 marked late. Pupils arriving after 9 
 o'clock are marked tardy. Grades lA 
 and IB are half day schools. 2A and 
 2B dismiss at 2 P. M.; 3A at 2:20 
 P. M.; 3B through 7B dismiss at 2:45 
 P. M. Recess of half hour in middle 
 of day and two short recesses in ad- 
 dition for lower grades. 
 
 Principals shall be permitted, in 
 their discretion, to have an additional 
 recess, not exceeding 15 minutes. 
 
 22. High Schools. — Bell rings and 
 lines form at 9 A. M. Pupils arriv- 
 
18 
 
 ing between 9 and 9:15 A. M. are 
 late, and after that time are tardy. 
 Recess of half hour. 
 
 23. Principals not in school build- 
 ing at 8:30 and teachers not in school 
 building at 8:45 shall report them- 
 selves tardy on weekly and monthly 
 reports, and assign reason therefor. 
 
 24. Pupils in delicate health may, up- 
 on presentation of certificate of the 
 family physician, be permitted to at- 
 tend only part of daily session. 
 
 25. Attendance on Funerals. — Pupils 
 are not allowed to leave during school 
 hours for the purpose of attending 
 funerals, unless the deceased person 
 is a near relative. 
 
 ABSENCE AND TAKDINESS. 
 
 26. PrincipaVs Absence. — ^When a 
 Principal is absent from school he 
 shall report at once to the Superinten- 
 dent and make suitable arrangements 
 for the proper conduct of the school. 
 
 During his absence the government 
 of the school shall be under the su- 
 pervision of such teacher as may be 
 designated by him, and the class shall 
 be in charge of a substitute, whose 
 services shall be paid for by the Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 27. Teacher's Absence. — (a) It shall 
 
19 
 
 be the duty of a teacher, whenever he 
 is unable for any reason to attend to 
 his school duties, to give notice of 
 the fact to the Principal, in time to 
 enable him to procure a substitute be^ 
 fore the hour for opening school. 
 
 28. Unexcused Absence. — When prin- 
 cipals or teachers are absent for any 
 cause other than individual sickness, 
 they shall present reasons for such 
 absence satisfactory to the Board; 
 otherwise they shall lose their entire 
 pay for the time absent. 
 
 29. Furlough Limit. — After a fur- 
 lough or absence of one term or (4 1-2) 
 four and one-half months, any ad- 
 ditional absence or furlough of such 
 teacher for (30) thirty days or more 
 during the same session, or within 
 twelve months from the beginning of 
 the original absence or furlough, shall 
 be without pay. 
 
 30. ATisence and Tardiness of Pupils. 
 — Principals shall investigate all cases 
 of absence and tardiness, and require 
 a written excuse from the parent or 
 guardian of the pupil, giving the rea- 
 son for same. 
 
 31. Notification of Ahsence. — Notifi- 
 cation of the absence of pupils shall be 
 sent to the parents, unless the Prin- 
 cipal deem it unnecessary, 
 
 32. A'bsence for Two Days. — Pupils 
 
20 
 
 wlio are absent from school in any 
 month for two days, unless such ab- 
 sence be occasioned by sickness of the 
 pupil, or for reasons satisfactory to 
 the Principal, shall not be permitted 
 to return without a note from the 
 Superintendent. 
 
 33. Leaving School, Notes of Excuse, 
 etc. — No pupil shall be allowed to de- 
 part before the appointed hour of clos- 
 ing school, except in cases of sickness, 
 or from some pressing emergency. 
 Pupils leaving school during school 
 hours on account of sickness shall be 
 required to bring the special form 
 properly signed. 
 
 34. Reasons for Absence. — All notes 
 of excuse or request to leave school 
 shall state the reason for such excuse 
 or request, and they shall be preserved 
 until the close of the school term. 
 The Principal shall be the judge of 
 the validity of all excuses. 
 
 35. Truant-Playing and Tardiness. — 
 Truant-playing is considered a high 
 misdemeanor, and any pupil who plays 
 truant may be suspended. Any pupil 
 who starts to school, and, finding that 
 he will be tardy, returns home, shall 
 be subject to the same penalties as 
 for truancy. 
 
 36. Dropping from the Roll. — Princi- 
 pals are authorized to drop from the 
 
21 
 
 daily roll of the school the names of 
 pupils who are absent on account of 
 religious holidays, and those tempora- 
 rily excluded under the rules of the 
 Board: this shall not vacate the seat 
 of the pupil, 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 37. Read Rules, etc. — Principals and 
 teachers are required to be familiar 
 with the rules and regulations and 
 to read them to the pupils in Septem- 
 ber and February of each year, and 
 see that they are observed. 
 
 38. Under Control of Superintendent. 
 r — Principals and teachers shall be 
 under the control, direction, and su- 
 pervision of the Superintendent. 
 
 39. Teachers under Autho?Hty of the 
 Principal. — Teachers shall be under the 
 authority, direction, and supervision 
 of the Principal, and be responsible 
 for the order and improvement of 
 their classes. 
 
 Whenever a teacher shall be found 
 lacking in ability to manage his school, 
 or in qualifications for teaching, or 
 who fails to conform to the rules of 
 the Board, the Principal shall at once 
 call the attention of the teacher to 
 such deficiency, that he may have the 
 opportunity to correct it. 
 
 40. Examination of Glasses. — Each 
 
22 
 
 Principal shall examine the classes un- 
 der his charge as often as practicable. 
 
 41. Management — Principals — TeacTi- 
 ers Co-Operate. — The Principal shall 
 be held responsible for the general 
 management and discipline of his 
 schools; and the teachers shall follow 
 his directions and co-operate with 
 him not only during the school hours, 
 but during the time when the pupils 
 are on the school premises, before and 
 after school, during recesses, and when 
 the pupils are going to and from 
 school. 
 
 42. Rules for Order in Yards, etc. — 
 Recess. — The Principal shall establish 
 special rules for securing good order 
 in the stairways, halls, and school 
 yards. He may, at his discretion, per- 
 mit pupils to absent themselves from 
 the school premises during the time 
 allowed for recess. 
 
 43. Organize and Assign. — It shall 
 be the duty of the Principals to organ- 
 ize the schools and assign the teach- 
 ers to their respective grades. 
 
 44. Programs. — P rincipals shall 
 make out a program of the recitations 
 and exercises of their several classes 
 within one week after the beginning 
 of each term, and furnish a copy of 
 the same to the teachers, and notify 
 them of any alterations. 
 
2S 
 
 The teacher of each school shall 
 place in a conspicuous place in the 
 school-room a program of the exercises 
 for each day during the week, specify- 
 ing the length of time devoted to each 
 study and recitation. 
 
 45. Reports, etc. — Principals and 
 teachers shall make out promptly and 
 forward to the Superintendent such 
 reports as may be called for, using 
 the proper forms. 
 
 46. Reports on Teachers. — Princi- 
 pals shall make to the Superintendent 
 at the end of each month and at the 
 end of the session (May 1st, in each 
 year) a confidential report on the work 
 and qualifications of each of his teach- 
 ers, which report shall be submitted 
 to the Committee on Teachers and 
 Schools, and by them presented to the 
 Beard. 
 
 47. Must Report on Substitutes. — 
 Each Principal shall keep a record of 
 proficiency in teaching, methods of dis- 
 cipline, general ability, and every 
 thing that pertains to the duties of 
 a teacher, so far as it applies to the 
 substitutes employed by him. He 
 shall submit the same in a confiden- 
 tial communication to the Board, 
 through the Superintendent, at the 
 end of each session, or oftener if call- 
 ed for by the Superintendent. 
 
24 
 
 48. Signal — Closing School. — The Su- 
 perintendent has authority in extreme- 
 ly bad weather or other emergency to 
 close the schools for the day. The 
 following signal will be used for this 
 purpose; viz., 
 
 Immediately after the City bells 
 have sounded the hour of 8 A. M., 
 9-2-2 shall be struck three times. 
 
 49. Patrons' Day. — At least one day 
 each week shall be set apart as Pa- 
 trons' Day in each group of schools. 
 For this day the Principals shall make 
 special arrangements and invite and 
 urge the patrons of the school to be 
 present. 
 
 This exhibition may be confined to 
 one or more rooms, or may embrace 
 all the schools in the entire building, 
 according to the judgment of the Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 50. Monitors. — The use of monitors 
 in the Public Schools shall be re- 
 stricted to distributing copy-books, dis- 
 posing of hats and wraps, pens and 
 pencils, wetting sponges, attending to 
 the bell for opening and closing school, 
 and calling the cards for a teacher 
 when questioning his class. 
 
 51. Fire Drills. — Principals shall 
 have fire drills once a week if the 
 
25 
 
 weather permits and report same on 
 weekly report. 
 
 52. Receiving or Giving Presents. — • 
 Principals shall not be permitted to 
 receive gifts from the teachers em- 
 ployed in the same building. Prin- 
 cipals, teachers, and janitors shall not 
 be permitted to receive gifts from the 
 pupils attending their schools, or from 
 the parents of said pupils. 
 
 53. Sectarian or Partisan Questions. 
 — All questions of a sectarian or par- 
 tisan character shall be carefully ex- 
 cluded from the schools, 
 
 54. Use of Telephones. — S c h o o 1 
 phones shall be used for official busi- 
 ness only. 
 
 55. Meetings. — Principals and teach- 
 ers are required to attend promptly 
 all meetings called by the Superinten- 
 dent of Schools. 
 
 56. Holidays. — The authorized holi- 
 days shall be: 
 
 Thanksgiving — two days. 
 
 Christmas — from 12 o'clock Decem- 
 ber 24th to January 2nd. 
 
 Gen. Lee's birthday — Jan. 19th. 
 
 Gen. Washington's birthday — Feb- 
 ruary 22nd. 
 
 Easter Holiday — two days. 
 
 Oakwood Memorial — half day. 
 
 Hollywood Memorial — half day. 
 
 Pres. Davis's birthday — June 3rd. 
 
SUPERVISION OF SCHOOL PEOPEBTY. 
 
 57. Supervision 'by Principal. — The 
 Principal shall have a general super- 
 vision of the grounds, buildings, and 
 appurtenances of the school, and shall 
 be held responsible for any want of 
 neatness or cleanliness on the premi- 
 ses, or any injury done to the buildings 
 or furniture. School premises should 
 be inspected twice a day. Whenever 
 any repairs or supplies are needed 
 he shall notify the Supervisor of 
 School Property. 
 
 58. Supervision by Teachers. — Teach- 
 ■ers shall be held responsible for the 
 neatness of their rooms and the safe- 
 ty of the furniture, during the time it 
 may be occupied. All damage done 
 shall be promptly reported to the Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 59. Inspection by Teachers. — Teach- 
 ers will assist Principal in the inspec- 
 tion of the school premises when re- 
 quested to do so, 
 
 60. Report Condition of Rooms. — 
 Teachers will report the condition of 
 their respective rooms to the Princi- 
 pal of the building whenever the jani- 
 tor fails to perform his duty. 
 
 61. Principals Must Report Janitors. 
 < — Principals will see that janitors per- 
 form all the work assigned them faith- 
 
27 
 
 fully and well and report any neglect 
 thereof immediately to the Supervisor. 
 At the end of each session they shall 
 report on the work of the janitor for 
 that term. 
 
 VENTILATION. 
 
 62. Ventilation. — Principals and 
 Teachers are required to give proper 
 attention to heating and ventilation. 
 
 The temperature should be about 68 
 or 70 degrees. When above or below 
 these figures it is fair to presume that 
 the temperature requires attention. 
 
 Avoid drafts but see that the air 
 is frequently changed in rooms and 
 halls. 
 
 Proper use should be made of ven- 
 tilators, registers, transoms and doors 
 \vith a view to securing frequent 
 change of atmosphere. 
 
 During recess, and while the pupils 
 are absent from rooms, doors and win- 
 dows should be left open in order to 
 secure change of air; upon return of 
 the pupils the windows should be 
 closed, except when the temperature 
 outside shall demand otherwise. 
 
 DISCIPLINE. 
 
 63. Strict Order and Discipline. — 
 Teachers are required to maintain 
 strict order and discipline in their 
 schools and class-rooms at all times. 
 
28 
 
 and neglect of this requirement will 
 be considered a good cause for dis- 
 missal. 
 
 64. Interviews with Teachers. — All 
 interviews between parents, or their 
 representatives, and teachers on the 
 school premises must be held in the 
 presence of the Principal. 
 
 All communications between teach- 
 ers and patrons relating to school 
 work must be made through the Prin- 
 cipal of the school. 
 
 65. Errands by Pupils. — Principals 
 'and teachers shall not send their pu- 
 pils on errands during school hours. 
 
 66. No Sales, Collections, etc., in 
 Schools. — Principals and teachers shall 
 not permit sales, collections, advertise- 
 ments or notices respecting lectures, 
 exhibitions, etc., nor shall they make 
 any nature study excursion, visit any 
 exhibition with the pupils, or assist 
 in getting up any exhibition by the 
 pupils without permission of the Su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 This rule shall not apply to adver- 
 tisements on articles in actual use. 
 
 67. Conduct. — Pupils are considered 
 under the government of these rules 
 going to and from school. They are 
 required to enter and leave the room 
 in a respectful manner, and without 
 noise and to quit the neighborhood of 
 the school in a quiet, orderly manner. 
 
2& 
 
 immediately on being dismissed. All 
 gatherings of pupils, before or after 
 school, in the neighborhood of the 
 school-houses are prohibited. 
 
 68. Profane or Unchaste Language. 
 — Pupils who shall, in or about the 
 school premises, use or write, or know- 
 ingly become the bearers of any pro- 
 fane or unchaste language, writing, 
 print, or drawing, shall be reported 
 at once to the Superintendent of 
 Schools, and such pupil shall be im- 
 mediately suspended, and may be ex- 
 pelled. In cases of children ten years 
 old and under, the Superintendent 
 shall be allowed, in his discretion, 
 to apply a less severe punishment. Ap- 
 peals in all such cases shall be heard 
 by the whole Board, and they may ap- 
 prove, set aside, or direct a different 
 penalty. 
 
 69. Use of Tohacco ProMUted. — The 
 use of tobacco in any form during 
 school hours is positively prohibited. 
 
 70. Carrying Dangerous Weapons. — 
 Any pupil in whose possession may 
 be found fire arms, or any other dan- 
 gerous weapons, shall be suspended 
 by the Principal, and the Superinten- 
 dent notified of the fact for his action. 
 
 71. Injuring or Destroying Property. 
 — ^When any pupil shall have defaced 
 or destroyed any property belonging 
 
30 
 
 to the Public Schools, he shall pay 
 the amount lost thereby; and, on fail- 
 tire to do so, such pupil shall be re- 
 ported to the Superintendent, and may 
 be suspended from school. 
 
 72. Marking or Writing. — All mark- 
 ing or writing on or about the school 
 premises is positively forbidden, and 
 any pupil guilty of this offence may 
 be suspended. 
 
 73. Conduct Book. — There shall be 
 in each school an extra book, to be 
 known as the Conduct Book, wherein 
 shall be recorded, opposite the names 
 of pupils, every demerit, whipping, 
 suspension, expulsion, or other punish- 
 ment, and the causes thereof. These 
 records shall be made at the close of 
 each day's session, and shall be ex- 
 amined at least once a month by the 
 Principal, and a record made of such 
 examination. 
 
 74. Demerits, District Schools. — (a) 
 V/hen the pupil receives five demerits 
 the teacher shall notify the parent of 
 the fact. This notification must be 
 endorsed by the Principal. 
 
 (b) When the pupil receives ten 
 demerits the Principal shall notify 
 the parent, urge him to give attention 
 to the matter, state the probability 
 of a suspension, and, if he thinks best, 
 ask a conference in regard to it. 
 
31 
 
 (c) A similar notice shall be sent 
 by the Principal when the pupil re- 
 ceives fifteen demerits, 
 
 (d) When the pupil receives twenty- 
 demerits his or her name shall be 
 sent to the Superintendent for sus- 
 pension. Along with this shall be 
 sent a transcript of the Gonduct Book 
 relating to the case, that the Superin- 
 tendent may have the necessary in- 
 formation to guide him in his action. 
 The Principal will add such details 
 as shall seem to him necessary or im- 
 portant. 
 
 (e) Teachers should be careful in 
 giving demerits. Do not give them 
 without good cause. Let every de- 
 merit represent a real offence. Do 
 not give more than one demerit for 
 a single offence; not more than two 
 for an offence repeated; not more than 
 five during any one day's session, A 
 demerit should represent a real offence, 
 and not a simple act of thoughtless- 
 ness or an accident. 
 
 (f) No fraction of a demerit to be 
 given in district schools. 
 
 (g) Any pupil who shall receive 
 twenty demerits for two successive 
 months shall be reported to the Su- 
 perintendent for expulsion, in his dis- 
 cretion. 
 
 75. Demerits, High Schools. — Any 
 
32 
 
 pupil in High Schools receiving 10 
 demerits in one term shall be suspend- 
 ed. Notices must be sent to parent 
 when pupil has received 2 1-2, 5 and 7 
 1-2 demerits. 
 
 76. General Punishment of Class. — ■• 
 When an offence that demands punish- 
 ment has been committed, and it is 
 impossible to fasten the guilt upon 
 the proper parties, the teacher may- 
 administer general punishment to the 
 entire class. 
 
 77. Suspensions, — In extreme cases, 
 Principals may suspend pupils. Such 
 action must be reported at once to the 
 Superintendent, together with written 
 evidence showing that proper effort has 
 been made to subject the pupils to dis- 
 cipline. 
 
 78. Persistent Disorderly Conduct. — 
 The names of pupils who have been 
 often reproved for non-attendance, 
 carelessness, obstinacy, quarreling, dis- 
 orderly conduct in the streets, neglect 
 of lessons, stubbornness and refusal to 
 recite, etc., without amendment, shall 
 be reported to the Superintendent for 
 suspension or expulsion. 
 
 79. Suspensions — How Return. — Any 
 pupil who is suspended for any cause 
 will not be permitted to return to 
 school without a note from the Super- 
 intendent. 
 
33 
 
 80. Two Suspensions. — Pupils who 
 have been suspended from the Public 
 Schools twice may, for the third of- 
 fence deserving suspension, be expell- 
 ed. 
 
 81. Corporal Punishment. — Corporal 
 punishment should not be resorted to 
 except in rare cases, and must alv/ays 
 be administered in the office of the 
 Principal and in the presence of a 
 witness. 
 
 82. Extras. — Extras may be given for 
 marked improvement in conduct or 
 scholarship; for perfect attendance for 
 a week for all the boys or for all the 
 girls or for both; for small number 
 of outs or lates in a class; and for at- 
 tendance in bad weather. 
 
 Extras may mean, in the discrc:- 
 tion of the Principal, the cancella- 
 tion of demerits or early dismissal 
 on Friday. 
 
 83. Leaving Room. — Pupils are not 
 allowed to leave school-room during: 
 school hours unless excused by teach- 
 er, except in case of absolute neces- 
 sity. 
 
 Pupils presenting a physician's cer- 
 tificate shall be permitted to leave the 
 class-room as often as the promotion 
 of health demands, without being pun- 
 ished for such permission. 
 
 84. Keeping in During Recess. — No 
 
34 
 
 pupils shall be kept in during the re- 
 cess period for any purpose. 
 
 85. Regulations for Marking Regis- 
 ter. — Promotions and Examinations. — 
 School session, first term, begins Sep- 
 tember 15th; second term begins about 
 February 1st. 
 
 DISTBICT SCHOOLS. 
 
 i 
 
 (A) At the close of each school 
 month after the first the teacher shall 
 make a general estimate of the work 
 of each pupil and record the same in 
 the marking book. A special record 
 of deficiency in any subject, or sub- 
 jects, shall be made. 
 
 (B) The following terms are to be 
 used in making these records: — A=: 
 90% and above; B=75% to 90%; 
 C=below 75%, unpromoted; D=de- 
 ficient in any subject. 
 
 (C) At the close of a term all pu- 
 pils below the 7B grade who are recom- 
 mended by the teacher for promotion 
 shall, if the principal approve, be ad- 
 vanced to the next grade. 
 
 (D) The principal in order that he 
 may act intelligently shall inspect the 
 daily work of the pupils and also give 
 frequent tests in the several grades 
 in his building. 
 
 <E) All unpromoted pupils who de- 
 
S5 
 
 sire it shall have an examination on 
 the subjects in which they are defici- 
 ent and shall be required to make at 
 least 75% on each subject. 
 
 (P) Pupils in the 7B grade shall be 
 examined on all subjects, and for grad- 
 uation shall be required to make an 
 average of at least 75%, with not less 
 than 60% on any subject. 
 
 (G) If in the case of any individual 
 teacher the foregoing plan proves un- 
 satisfactory in the judgment of the 
 principal then by direction of the su- 
 perintendent, the following shall be 
 substituted for it. — 
 
 1. Mark on all subjects once a month, 
 using the subjoined schedule of values. 
 
 VALUATION OF STUDIES. 
 
 7A and B. 5B to 6B 
 
 Reading . 
 Spelling . 
 Phonetics 
 Language 
 Arithmetic 
 Grammar 
 History . , 
 Geography 
 Science . . 
 Writing . 
 Music . . . 
 Man'l Training 
 Lan and Gr . . 
 
 .12... 
 
 .12... 
 . 4... 
 .12... 
 .12... 
 .12... 
 .12... 
 .12... 
 . 4... 
 
 12, 
 
 , 4. 
 .12, 
 .12. 
 .12, 
 .12. 
 .12. 
 , 4. 
 . 4, 
 , 4. 
 , 4. 
 
 5A 
 
 16 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 16 
 
36 
 
 3A— 4B. 2B. 2A. 
 
 Reading 12 16 20 
 
 Bpelling 16 16 16 
 
 Phonetics 4 4 4 
 
 Language 16 16 16 
 
 Arithmetic 16 16 20 
 
 Geography 12 8 — 
 
 Science 8 8 8 
 
 Writing 8 8 8 
 
 Music 4 4 4 
 
 Man'l Training . 4 4 4 
 
 ! 
 For the present do not mark on Man- 
 ual Training, but distribute the value 
 as follows: In 7A and 7B to Writing 
 and mark on the effort, in 5A to 6B 
 to Spelling, in 3A to 4B to Reading, 
 in 2A and B to Language. 
 
 2. Pupils shall not be informed be- 
 forehand on what day they are to be 
 marked on any subject. 
 
 3. If a pupil is deficient in one or 
 more subjects, this fact shall be re- 
 corded on the register along with his 
 monthly standing and his parents or 
 guardian shall be notified of the same 
 on his monthly report. 
 
 4. (a) All pupils from the 2 A to the 
 7A grade, inclusive, who make an aver- 
 age monthly standing of 75%, and who 
 are not deficient in any subject shall 
 be promoted. 
 
37 
 
 (b) A standing of less than 75% 
 shall be considered "deficient." 
 
 (c) Pupils who have been absent 20 
 or more days may be required to take 
 an examination on all subjects for 
 promotion. 
 
 (d) Pupils who make an average 
 monthly standing of 75%, and are de- 
 ficient in only one subject, may be ad- 
 vanced on trial upon the recommenda- 
 tion of the teacher when approved by 
 the principal. 
 
 (e) All unpromoted pupils who de- 
 sire it shall have the privilege of an 
 examination on all subjects in which 
 they are deficient. 
 
 (f) Pupils thus examined for pro- 
 motion shall be required to make at 
 least 75% on each subject. 
 
 (g.) These examinations shall be held 
 immediately after reorganization in 
 February and in June of each year. 
 
 5. Pupils in the lA and B grades 
 shall be promoted upon the recom- 
 mendation of the teacher, when ap- 
 proved by the principal, 
 
 6. Pupils in the 7B grade shall be ex- 
 amined on all subjects, and for gradu- 
 ation shall be required to make an 
 average of at least 75%, with not less 
 than 60% on any subject. 
 
 86. Extra Examination. — Pupils in. 
 
38 
 
 District and High Schools who fail 
 of promotion in June may have an 
 examination in September, provided 
 they take a six weeks course of in- 
 gtruction under a teacher approved 
 by the Superintendent. 
 
 87. REGULATIONS FOB THE INTERMEDI- 
 ATE AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS OF 
 THE RICHMOND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Official examinations will commence 
 promptly at 9 A. M. on the day ap- 
 pointed by the Superintendent, and 
 continue from day to day until com- 
 pleted. 
 
 All books and other aids must be 
 dispensed with, and all maps and 
 charts taken down or turned face to 
 the wall. 
 
 Only one subject will be given at 
 a time. As soon as the subject is com 
 pleted, teachers will promptly collect 
 the papers and proceed With the next 
 subject. 
 
 Teachers will require the pupils to 
 number the answets to correspond 
 with the questions. 
 
 In Algebra and written Arithmetic 
 the entire work to be given. 
 
 in the mental exercises the pupils 
 will be required to write the answers 
 at once. The teachers Shall write on 
 
39 
 
 the board only the questions to be 
 analyzed. 
 
 A careful and critical examination 
 of the papers, and an exact valuation 
 of the answers given or omissions 
 made, are especially enjoined. 
 
 In Arithmetic and Algebra only en- 
 tire credits will be given, unless other 
 directions are given in the printed 
 questions. No credits will be allowed 
 unless the answers are exactly right, 
 except in questions where analysis 
 is required. In other studies the an- 
 swers will be credited according to 
 value. 
 
 TO TEACHERS AND PEINCIPALS. 
 
 You have no authority to alter or 
 omit any question. Special permis- 
 sion must be obtained in each case. 
 
 Satisfy yourself by personal inspec- 
 tion that every regulation is fully com- 
 plied with. 
 
 Do not report to the scholars their 
 standing until authorized. 
 
 Use every precaution to prevent 
 communication. 
 
 Children must not be permitted to 
 leave their room before handing in 
 their answers to all the questions that 
 have been submitted. 
 
 Read the questions in Oral Arith- 
 
40 
 
 metic slowly and distinctly. The ques- 
 tion may be repeated once only. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO PUPILS. 
 
 Examination on prescribed pad. 
 
 No communication. 
 
 No use of books during examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Write only on one side of each half 
 sheet of paper, number your pages, 
 leave a margin, divide into paragraphs, 
 and do not crowd your words. "Write 
 in a large, legible hand. Put your 
 name on each page of your examina- 
 tion papers and number your answers. 
 Do not fold papers. 
 
 In Written Arithmetic indicate the 
 proper mode of solving each example 
 by the usual arithmatical signs, when- 
 ever this is practicable; and give all 
 computations necessary for finding the 
 answer. 
 
 In Arithmetic separate every opera^ 
 tion by a ruled line across the page, 
 or by a blank space. Make neat fig- 
 ures, and do not mix up operations. 
 
 Reduce fractional results to their 
 lowest terms. 
 
41 
 
 Reduce improper fractions to whole 
 or mixed numbers. 
 
 Indicate operations and solve by- 
 cancellation, as far as practicable. 
 
 Use the proper signs of denominate 
 numbers. 
 
 Designate each answer by "Ans." 
 
 In Arithmetic the denomination of 
 the answer should be given. If the 
 answer is 6 men or $6, and 6 is given, 
 one-fifth of the value of the question 
 will be deducted. 
 
 In Grammar use the briefest forms 
 of parsing and analysis. 
 
 At the close of each subject in ex- 
 aminations, you are expected to affix 
 to your papers the following certifi- 
 cate, and sign your name: 
 
 "I hereby declare upon hon- 
 or that I have neither given 
 nor received assistance during 
 this examination." 
 
 All papers not bearing this declara- 
 tion will be rejected. 
 
 Any pupils receiving or giving infor- 
 mation during examination will be ex- 
 cluded from the entire examination. 
 
 RULES FOR PROMOTION — HIGH SCHOOLS. 
 
 88. Rules for Promotion. — In all 
 classes, except the graduating classes, 
 pupils, in order to be promoted, shall 
 obtain 80 per cent general average, 
 
and not less than 65 per cent, on any 
 subject; but pupils standing 65 per 
 cent, or more and below 80 per cent, 
 on general average, shall have the 
 privilege of taking a written examina* 
 tion, in which they must make not 
 less than 75 per cent, average, and not 
 less than 60 per cent, on any study. 
 A pupil who makes 80 per cent, gen- 
 eral average and falls below 65 per 
 cent, on only one subject, shall have 
 the privilege of taking a written ex- 
 amination on that subject, on which 
 he must stand not less than 65 per 
 cent. 
 
 A pupil in other than the graduat- 
 ing classes who fails on one study 
 only may, on the recommendation of 
 the Principal, be conditioned on that 
 study and allowed to pass to the grade 
 above. If the pupil make the required 
 percentage on this study in the new 
 grade, the condition shall be removed. 
 If the study is not continued in the 
 new grade, the condition must be re- 
 moved by examination. All conditions 
 •must be removed before graduation. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOLS. 
 
 89. Rules for Graduation. — In the 
 graduating classes each pupil must 
 stand a written examination on which 
 he must make an average of 80 per 
 
43 
 
 cent, with not less than 70 per cent, 
 on any study. In the Commercial 
 Course no pupil may be graduated 
 ■whose standing on phonography and 
 typewriting is below 80 per cent. 
 
 If a pupil fail in any graduating 
 class he shall not be required to re- 
 peat studies on which his standing 
 is 80 per cent, or above, though he 
 may be allowed to repeat them if he 
 so elects. 
 
 If a pupil fail in any graduating 
 class on only one study he may be 
 graduated on the written recommenda- 
 tion of the Principal and the approval 
 of the Board. 
 
 CE&I'IFICATES, HONOR CARDS, ETC. 
 
 90. Certificates of Proficiency, Dis- 
 t7'ict Schools. — 7B pupils who are pro- 
 moted shall receive certificates of pro- 
 motion. 
 
 First Honor. — Pupils receiving A on 
 lessons and A on deportment are en- 
 titled to a "First Honor Card." 
 
 Neither Absent Nor Tar^Zi/.— Pupils 
 who have been neither absent nor tar- 
 dy during the session shall receive a 
 certificate of attendance, 
 
 91. Diplomas, High Schools. — Pupils 
 who pass satisfactory examinations in 
 the graduating classes shall receive a 
 diploma. 
 
44 
 
 First Honors. — ^Any pupil who makes 
 90 per cent, on lessons and has not 
 more than one demerit is a first honor 
 pupil. 
 
 The publication of the names of 
 graduates in the two High Schools, 
 in the newspapers and on the pro- 
 grams, shall be alphabetically arrang- 
 ed, but on the teacher's Examination 
 Returns in the order of standing. 
 
 92. Scholarships. — The award of 
 scholarships will be made, by the reg- 
 ular committee of the Board, to pu- 
 pils who make the best record in their 
 entire High School Course. 
 
 93. DUTIES OF PRINCIPALS IN RELATION 
 
 TO SUPERVISING TEACHERS AND 
 PUPIL TEACHERS. 
 
 The Supervising Teachers and the 
 pupil Teachers will be under the super- 
 vision and management of the Princi- 
 pal just as other teachers in his build- 
 ing are. 
 
 While the Pupil Teachers and their 
 classes will be directly responsible to 
 the Supervising Teachers, who will look 
 after the details of the work, the Prin- 
 cipals are charged with a general su- 
 pervision, and are expected to make 
 suggestions whenever they are needed 
 
45 
 
 — ^with him will rest the final decision 
 in questions of difference. 
 
 94. DUTIES OF SUPEKVISING TEACHERS. 
 
 Shall instruct Pupil Teachers as to 
 organization of their schools, methods 
 of instruction and discipline. Give 
 suggestions and frequent demonstra- 
 tion of the work with the class. They 
 shall forward to the Superintendent 
 monthly through the Principals a re- 
 port of the work of the Pupil Teach- 
 ers, noting the excellencies or defects 
 of their work. A similar report shall 
 he made on May 1st, covering the work 
 of the session. 
 
 95. DUTIES or PUPIL TEACHERS. 
 
 They shall take charge of the class- 
 es to which they are assigned under 
 the direction of the Supervising Teach- 
 er, and perform all the work of the 
 school as a regular teacher. They 
 shall be under the immediate direc- 
 tion of the Supervising Teacher and 
 subject to the general control and man- 
 agement of the Principal of the school. 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPALS, TEACH- 
 ERS AND SPECIALISTS. 
 
 96. Principals. — Shall be college 
 graduates who have shown their abili- 
 
46 
 
 ty by their college standing and by 
 experience in teaching and managing 
 schools. 
 
 97. Higli School Teachers. — Shall be 
 college graduates with not less than 
 two years' successful experience in 
 teaching. The Superintendent, may, 
 however, assign to positions in the 
 High School, teachers from the Dis- 
 trict Schools whenever in his judg- 
 ment the interest of the High School 
 will be promoted thereby. 
 
 98. Specialists. — Specialists in Chem- 
 istry, Music, French, German, Physi- 
 cal Training, Drawing, Manual Train- 
 ing and Kindergarten shall present to 
 the Board satisfactory evidence of 
 their ability. 
 
 99. District School Teachers. — Shall 
 be Post Graduates of an approved High 
 School — or shall have had the equiva- 
 lent preparation and training. 
 
 Recognition will be given to Teach- 
 ers who have had four years success- 
 ful experience in some approved school. 
 
 resek^t:s and substitutes. 
 
 100. Rules Governing Reserve List. 
 — The names of all persons elected 
 to the reserve list shall be arranged 
 in alphabetical order. 
 
RULE 101— Page 47.— Amend so as to 
 read as follows: 
 
 For teachers, whose pay is not more 
 than $40.00 per month, substitutes 
 shall receive $1.00 per day for any 
 number of days less than five; for 
 every five successive days taught in 
 same class, he shall receive $7.00, 
 provided, he shall not receive more 
 than $30 in any one month. 
 
 101a. For teachers whose pay is 
 more than $40 per month and not 
 more than $80 per month, substitute 
 shall receive $1.20 per day for any 
 number of days less than five; for 
 every five successive days taught in 
 same class, he shall receive $8.00, 
 provided, he shall not receive more 
 than $35 in any one mionth. 
 
 101b. For teachers, whose pay is 
 more than $80 per month, and not more 
 than $125 per month, substitute shall 
 receive $2.00 per day for any number 
 of days taught. 
 
 101c. For teacher or principals, whose 
 pay is more than $125 per month 
 substitute shall receive $3.00 per day 
 for any number of days taught. 
 
 10 Id. Teachers who are employed as 
 specialists, for whom no substitutes 
 can be obtained shall forfeit the amount 
 of regular substitute pay during ex- 
 cused absence, and shall receive no 
 salary during unexeused absence. 
 
 lOle. When a teacher or principal 
 is absent by permission, and the in- 
 
terest of the school demands that no 
 substitute shall be employed to supply 
 the place, an amount equal to the pay 
 of the substitute shall be deducted 
 from the salary of such teacher or 
 principal; but this rule shall not apply 
 (1) in cases where permission has been 
 granted to visit other schools for obser- 
 vation; (2) in cases where teachers are 
 sent out to demonstrate the work of 
 the system; (3) in cases where teachers 
 are appointed by the Board as dele- 
 gates to assemblies or conferences. 
 
 10 If. All sums acquired, or saved 
 to the pay-roll, by the absence of teach- 
 ers or principals for whom no substi- 
 tutes are employed, shall .be applied 
 to the salaries of Board-substitutes, 
 whose pay may be in excess of regular 
 substitute pay, and for substitutes for 
 Pupil-teachers. 
 
 lOlg. Whenever the continued ab- 
 sence of a special teacher, for whom 
 no satisfactory substitute can be ob- 
 tained, compels the discontinuance of 
 the work of that teacher, the pay of 
 that teacher shall cease. 
 
 lOlh. When a regula^r teacher is se- 
 lected to substitute for a special teach- 
 er or principal, he shall receive in addi- 
 tion to his regular salary the full sub- 
 stitute pay; but he m_ust in these cases 
 furnish a substitute for his own work, 
 and out of the amount he receives, he 
 is to pay for his own substitute. 
 
 On page 48 first 5 paragraphs to re- 
 main. 
 
47 
 
 The members of the reserve list shall 
 hold themselves in readiness to do 
 substitute work in any of the schools 
 to which they may be called, and 
 this list shall go into effect September 
 15th and remain in force to June 15th 
 of the following year. 
 
 All appointments from the reserve 
 list shall be made by the Superinten- 
 dent as he shall deem best for the in- 
 terest of the system, giving due con- 
 sideration to the ability and efficiency 
 of the members of the reserve list — 
 all such appointments to be confirnLed_ 
 by the School Board. 
 
 101. Substitute Work. — Substitutes 
 for teachers who receive more than 
 $40.00 per month shall receive $1.20 
 per day for any number of days taught 
 less than five: for every five consecu- 
 tive days taught in same class they 
 shall receive $8.00 — provided they 
 shall not receive more than $35.00 in 
 any one month. 
 
 If the teacher for whom a substi- 
 tute is employed does not receive more 
 than $40.00 the substitute shall re- 
 ceive $1.00 per day for any number 
 of days taught less than five: for every 
 five consecutive days taught in same 
 class he shall receive $7.00 — provided 
 he shall not receive more than $30.00 
 in any one month. 
 
48 
 
 Substitute teachers employed for one 
 month or more shall receive the stat- 
 ed monthly compensation without re- 
 gard to holidays. In all other cases 
 the pay for holidays to go to the regu- 
 lar teacher, but such holidays do not 
 break the consecutiveness of days 
 taught. 
 
 Substitutes called into service in the 
 forenoon shall be entitled to a day's 
 work and a day's pay. 
 
 Substitutes who serve in double 
 schools for half month or more shall 
 be allowed half the extra pay for time 
 they serve. 
 
 Substitutes serving for pupil teach- 
 ers who are unavoidably absent, will 
 be paid by the Board from regular 
 Pay Roll Account. 
 
 Pupil teachers who are unavoidably 
 absent shall receive their full pay for 
 time they may be absent, except that 
 after an absence of two weeks or ten 
 consecutive school days, the said pu- 
 pil teacher shall not be paid for any 
 further time she may be absent dur- 
 ing the same session. 
 
 102. Principals Employ Substitutes. 
 — In the absence of teachers the Prin- 
 cipals shall employ substitutes from 
 the list, giving each an opportunity to 
 do substitute work as far as practi- 
 cable. 
 
49 
 
 Pincipals are not allowed to employ 
 any one as a substitute except a regu- 
 larly-elected substitute or reserve 
 teacher. 
 
 DUTIES OF THE SUPERVISORS OF KINDER- 
 GARTEN, MUSIC AND MANUAL TRAIN- 
 ING. 
 
 103. Duties, etc. — Shall prepare a de- 
 tailed outline for the work of their 
 respective departments. 
 
 Shall make weekly and monthly re- 
 ports on the regular forms. 
 
 Shall make annual report to the Su- 
 perintendent, covering the work of the 
 year, with suggestions as to improving 
 the work and increasing its efficiency. 
 
 Shall have the general supervision 
 and direction of their respective de- 
 partments. 
 
 Shall make monthly and annual re- 
 ports to the Superintendent on the 
 work of their teachers 
 
 Shall visit the several schools as 
 often as practicable, see how the teach- 
 ers are doing their work and how the 
 children are progressing, and give to. 
 them and the teachers any help or in- 
 struction asked for or needed. 
 
 Shall arrange to give necessary regu- 
 lar instruction to the teachers in re- 
 gard to the conduct of their work. 
 
50 
 
 Shall report to the Superintendent 
 in writing the names of such teach- 
 ers as fail to co-operate in the work 
 of the department. 
 
 EULES FOR NIGHT SCHOOLS. 
 
 104, Night Schools: Rules, etc. — The 
 rules and regulations of the day- 
 schools shall apply as far as practic- 
 able. 
 
 The schools shall be open to boys 
 and girls 12 years of age and over, 
 but exceptions may be made where 
 upon investigation it is found that the 
 pupil is absolutely compelled to go to 
 work, though under this age. 
 
 No class shall exceed twenty-five. 
 
 The course of study shall embrace 
 Reading, Spelling, Language, Penman- 
 ship and Arithmetic and Drawing. 
 
 Where it is found necessary pupils 
 may be allowed to take some and not 
 all of the subjects mentioned above. 
 
 The schools will be open from Oc- 
 tober 1st to May 1st — four nights of 
 each week (Monday-Thursday) for two 
 hours, from 7:15 to 9:15. 
 
 The buildings in which these night 
 schools are to be held shall be opened 
 at 7 o'clock and the teachers required 
 to be present at that time for the pro- 
 tection of the school property. 
 
51 
 
 Pupils are not to be admitted to the 
 building after 7: 30 P. M. 
 
 JANITORS. 
 
 105. Duties, etc. — The buildings and 
 premises, including sidewalks, must be 
 kept at all times in a neat and clean 
 condition. 
 
 Janitors are required to have the 
 buildings properly heated, to use cin- 
 ders, economize fuel and keep stoves 
 and boilers in good order. 
 
 During School session janitors shall 
 be under the authority of the Princi- 
 pal, and give courteous and prompt 
 compliance with his directions. 
 
 Not to Leave Premises. — Janitors 
 ave required to remain on the prem- 
 ises at all tim»s. If absent during 
 school hours, it must be by authority 
 of the Principal; if at other times, 
 by permission of the Clerk and Super- 
 visor. 
 
 Responsible for Supplies, etc. — Jani- 
 tors will be held responsible for uten- 
 sils and supplies furnished to them; 
 also, keys, clocks, and other movable 
 property contained in the building, 
 and for general care of the school 
 property. 
 
 To Report Damage to Property. — 
 Janitors shall report to the Principal 
 
5^ 
 
 and to the Supervisor any damage to 
 school property whether to the build- 
 ing, lot, fences, trees, furniture, etc., 
 with the names of the parties injur- 
 ing the same. 
 
 Make Repairs. — Janitors are requir- 
 ed to make light repairs. Necessary 
 tools and materials will be furnished. 
 
 During School Vacation. — Janitors 
 have charge, under the direction and 
 control of the Supervisor, of their re- 
 spective buildings during vacation, 
 and shall keep the same in order. 
 
 Responsible to the Supervisor. — Jani- 
 tors shall be responsible to the Super- 
 visor for the faithful discharge of all 
 their duties, and be subject to his con- 
 trol at all times. 
 
Hints to Public School Teachers. 
 
 The School Physicians will visit 
 each school daily as early as practi- 
 cable and examine such children as 
 are set aside by the teachers. It is 
 important for the teachers to under- 
 stand the special conditions calling for 
 inspection by the school physicians, 
 and the following outline will be of 
 value in this connection. 
 
 Teachers should inspect each child, 
 and no complaint should be dismissed 
 without being certain that there is no 
 serious condition back of it. It is bet- 
 ter to err on the side of too much 
 rather than too little caution, and to 
 bring to the attention of the school 
 physician every case in which the 
 teacher is at all in doubt. Skill in de- 
 tecting shamming will soon be acquir- 
 ed, but it must be recognized that even 
 where a child is detected in this, the 
 same child is as subject to real ail- 
 ments as are others. 
 
 SYMPTOMS OF TEVER IN GENERAL. 
 
 Headache, lassitude, languid expres- 
 53 
 
54 
 
 sion of the eyes, heat of the skin and 
 rapidity of the pulse. Usually the 
 cheeks are flushed, but they may be 
 pallid. 
 
 EARLY SYMPTOMS OF MEASLES. 
 
 The first symptoms are those of a 
 cold. There is feverishness, and the 
 eyes are watery and sensitive to light. 
 There is a discharge from the nose. 
 The child sneezes and coughs, the 
 cough being dry and high-pitched in 
 character. These symptoms often last 
 for three days before the rash appears, 
 and, as the disease is highly contagi- 
 ous from the first, the mistake must 
 not be made of supposing that child 
 cannot have measles because there is 
 no eruption. Later on, a blotchy rash 
 appears, first on the face, then on the 
 neck and body. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER. 
 
 There is no distinction between 
 "scarlet fever" and "scarlatina," so 
 do not be misled by being told that 
 the latter name applies to a disease 
 less serious and less contagious than 
 scarlet fever. 
 
 This disease is ushered in frequently 
 by vomiting, although this may be 
 
55 
 
 absent. The throat is often sore from 
 the beginning. The usual symptoms 
 of fever are present. After twenty- 
 four hours, a red rash appears all over 
 the body, showing first on the neck 
 and chest, and presenting much the 
 same appearance as if the parts had 
 been scalded. Scarlet fever, like mea- 
 sles, is highly contagious before the 
 eruption appears. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. 
 
 Sore throat is the most prominent 
 symptom of diphtheria in its earliest 
 stage. Fever is commonly present at 
 first. The glands of the neck, at the 
 angle of the jaw, are usually swollen 
 and tender. When the larynx (wind- 
 pipe) is involved, there is hoarseness, 
 difficulty in breathing, and symptoms 
 of croup. According to modern views, 
 membranous croup (not simple croup), 
 is held to be always diphtheritic in 
 nature and hence highly contagious. 
 When the nose is involved, there is 
 discharge and frequently bleeding from 
 that organ. 
 
 MUMPS. 
 
 Swelling, sometimes painful, on one 
 or both sides of the face, in front 
 of the ear, is a constant manifesta- 
 tion of mumps. 
 
56 
 
 WHOOPING COUGH. 
 
 In whooping cough, the patient has 
 an ordinary cough for a few weel^s; 
 then a characteristic cough sets in, 
 which discloses the true nature of the 
 disease. The cough comes on in dis- 
 tinct spells, during which the face is 
 puffed and red, the eyes congested and 
 watery, and a loud whooping sound is 
 made when the 'breath is drawn in 
 after the cough, differing unmistakably 
 from a croupy cough. Not infrequent- 
 ly the paroxysm is accompanied or 
 followed by vomiting. 
 
 The school physician's attention 
 should be called to any of the follow- 
 ing conditions: 
 
 SKIN AND HAIR. 
 
 (1) Animal parasites or nits in the 
 hair; (2) crusts or scaly patches or 
 sores about the face, hands or neck; 
 
 (3) crusts in the scalp, or loss of hair; 
 
 (4) any chronic eruption on the feet 
 of children going bare-foot, especially 
 if such child is very pale and stunted 
 in growth. 
 
 EYES. 
 
 (1) Any difficulty in vision; (2) 
 sensitiveness to light; (3) redness of 
 
57 
 
 the eyes; (4) discharge from the eyes 
 or lids; (5) crusted condition of the 
 eye lashes. 
 
 DEAFNESS. 
 
 Children who are slightly hard of 
 hearing often gain a reputation for 
 stupidity on account of their not un- 
 derstanding distinctly what is said to 
 them. This impression is frequently 
 increased because the most common 
 causes of deafness are conditions 
 which render normal breathing through 
 the nose difficult or impossible, and 
 such children present a stupid appear- 
 ance on account of holding their 
 mouths open in order to breathe. All 
 such cases should be brought to the 
 attention of the school physician. 
 
 RECOVERY FROM ERUPTIVE FEVERS. 
 
 Whenever a child returns to school 
 after an attack of any of the eruptive 
 fevers or of diphtheria, the teacher 
 should be especially watchful of such 
 child, as complications often arise 
 after recovery is apparently complete. 
 After scarlet fever the kidneys are es- 
 pecially likely to become affected, and 
 any puffiness under the eyes of such 
 child should be promptly brought to 
 the attention of the school physician. 
 
CONTAGIOUS DISEAS£:S. 
 
 DISEASE. 
 
 INCUBATION PERIOD. 
 
 (The interval between ex- 
 posure to infection and the 
 first signs of the disease.) 
 
 Day of the Definite 
 
 Illness on which the 
 
 RASH appears. 
 
 PERIOD OF ISOLATION 
 REQUIRED AFTER AC- 
 CIDENTAL EXPOSURE 
 TO INFECTION. 
 
 PERIOD OF ISOLATION REQUIRED AFTER 
 
 SUFFERING FROM THE DISEASE. 
 (The patient is unsafe even after tlie periods 
 stated below, unless the body, the clothes 
 worn at the time of seizure and the Ijooks 
 used are thoroughly disinfected). 
 
 Chicken Pox. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 11th and the 19th 
 day (14th day mostcommon). 
 
 Successive crops appear 
 from day to day on the 
 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 
 6ch, sometimes even up 
 to the 10th day. 
 
 19 days. 
 
 Until every crust has fallen oil. This is 2, 
 3, or even 4 weeks. 
 
 Diphtheria. 
 (Membranous 
 Croup.) 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 2nd and the 8th 
 day. 
 
 There is no rash. 
 
 8 days. 
 
 Until absence of the bacilli from the 
 throat and nose is proved by bacteriological 
 culture, but in no case under 10 days. 
 
 German Measles. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 7th and the 22d 
 day (usually the 18:h). 
 
 1st or 2nd. 
 
 22 days. 
 
 Until 3 weeks have elapsed from the begin- 
 ning of the illness. 
 
 Rl'oaslcR. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 10th and the 14th 
 day. 
 
 4th, but often the 3rd. 
 The patient is higlily in- 
 fectious for 3 or 4 days 
 before the rash appears. 
 
 14 days if free from fever, 
 catarrh, cough, or "a 
 cold." 
 
 Until 3 weeks from the appearance of the 
 rash, but not until all dischai'ges from eyes, 
 ears, and nose have ceased. 
 
 Mumps. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 14th and the 25th 
 day (usually over a fort- 
 night; less than 3 weelis). 
 
 There is no rash. 
 
 25 days. 
 
 Allow one week from the subsidence of all 
 swelling. 
 
 Scarlet Fever, 
 (ycarletina.) 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 1st and the 7th 
 day (usually the Brd or 4th.) 
 
 1st. 
 
 7 daytJ. 
 
 weeks from appcar.'ince of the rash as a 
 minimum, and then to be dependent on the 
 cessation of all peeling and discharge from 
 ears, eyes and nose. 
 
 Small-Pox. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 5th and tlie 20th 
 day (usually the r2th). 
 
 Early on the 3rd day. 
 
 20 days. 
 
 Until the whole of the skin is free from 
 pustules ard from the subsequent desquama- 
 tion. Special attention to be paid to exami- 
 nation of soles, palms, and finger and toe nails. 
 
 Typhoid Fever. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 4th and the 21st 
 day (usually from the 10th 
 to the 14 th)^ 
 
 From the 7th day until 
 the commencement of 
 the decline of the fever. 
 
 None. 
 
 As soon as recovery is complete. 
 
 Whooping Cough. 
 
 First signs any time be- 
 tween the 4th and the Ulli 
 day, but the typical whoop 
 may not be heiird till latei."^ 
 
 No rash. Highly infec- 
 tious from the beginning 
 of disease and long be 
 fore whoojiing stage. 
 
 14 days. 
 
 A child may go to school in wf-eks from 
 the commencement f)f tlie "whoop," provided 
 the paroxysmal cough has ceased. 
 
BV-LAWS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF RICHMOND, VA 
 
BV-LAWS 
 
 Of the School Board of the City 
 of Richmond, Va. 
 
 ARTICLE I.— Meetings. 
 
 1. The regular meetings of the Board 
 of Trustees shall be held on the fourth 
 Thursday in each month. 
 
 2. Special meetings may be called 
 as hereinafter provided. 
 
 ARTICLE II. — Officers of the Boaed. 
 
 The oflScers of the Board of Trustees 
 shall be a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, 
 a Superintendent, an Assistant Super- 
 intendent, and a Clerk and Supervisor. 
 
 ARTICLE III. — Oeder of Business. 
 
 At all stated meetings of the Board 
 the business shall be announced by 
 the presiding officer in the following 
 order: 
 
 1. Calling the Roll, and noting mem- 
 bers present and absent. 
 
 2. Reading and Approving the Min- 
 utes. 
 
 61 
 
62 
 
 3. Petitions. 
 
 4. Superintendent's Report. 
 
 5. Reports of Standing Committees. 
 
 6. Reports of Special Committees. 
 
 7. Unfinished Business. 
 
 8. Communications. 
 
 9. New Business. 
 
 ARTICLE IV.— QuoEUM. 
 
 A majority of tlie Trustees shall con- 
 stitute a quorum necessary for the 
 transaction of business. 
 
 ARTICLE V. — Duties of the Chaie- 
 
 MAN. 
 
 1. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman 
 of the Board of Trustees shall be elect- 
 ed annually, at the regular meeting 
 in the month of April, or at the next 
 regular meeting of the Board. 
 
 2. The Chairman shall preside at 
 all meetings of the Board. 
 
 3. He shall appoint all committees,, 
 except when otherwise ordered by the 
 Board, 
 
 4. He shall sign all warrants and 
 reports of the Board, and the minutes, 
 when approved by the Board. 
 
 5. He shall call special meetings of 
 the Board at his own discretion, or 
 
63 
 
 when requested by two members of 
 the Board. 
 
 6. He shall act as the organ of com- 
 munication between the School Board 
 and the City Council, 
 
 7. He shall visit each group of 
 schools at least once each session, and 
 exercise a general supervision over the 
 "Public School System" of this city. 
 
 8. In the absence of the Chairman, 
 his powers and duties shall devolve 
 on the Vice-Chairman. 
 
 9. In the absence of the Chairman 
 and the Vice-Chairman the Board shall 
 elect a presiding officer whose duties 
 shall be the same as those of the Chair- 
 man. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. — Duties of the Supee- 
 
 INTENDENT. 
 
 The Superintendent shall perform 
 the following duties, and be governed 
 by the following rules, in addition to 
 those required by State law: 
 
 1. He shall act under the advice and 
 direction of the Board of Trustees, and 
 shall have the superintendence of all 
 the educational interests of the Public 
 Schools of this city. 
 
 2. He shall see that all necessary 
 school registers, books of record, and 
 blanks for the use of teachers, are 
 
64 
 
 prepared and ready to be furnished 
 when needed. 
 
 3. The Superintendent shall prepare 
 an Outline of Courses of Study to be 
 used in the schools of the city and 
 submitted to the Board for its ap- 
 proval. 
 
 4. He shall keep a register giving 
 the names of the graduates of the 
 Richmond High School and the Colored 
 High and Normal School with as com- 
 plete a record as can be obtained. 
 
 5. He shall visit each of the school 
 buildings under his care once each half 
 session, and inquire into the general 
 management and discipline of the 
 schools. He shall report to the proper 
 committee anything requiring atten- 
 tion or amendment. 
 
 6. He shall make monthly reports in 
 writing to the Board of all his official 
 acts. 
 
 7. The office hours of the Superin- 
 tendent shall be from 9 to 11 A. M. 
 daily. 
 
 8. He shall make his annual report 
 to the Board at the regular meeting 
 in August of each year. 
 
 9. He shall call the teachers and 
 principals together at least once in two 
 months, and as much oftener as he 
 may judge proper, to consult with 
 them and instruct them in their duties. 
 
65 
 
 10. The Superintendent shall be the 
 medium of communication between the 
 teachers and the Board, and between 
 parents and the Board; provided, that 
 in all cases of difference between teach- 
 ers and the Superintendent or between 
 parents and the Superintendent, an 
 appeal may be made to the Board 
 through any member thereof. 
 
 11. He shall be the medium of com- 
 munication between the State Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction and the 
 School Board. 
 
 12. The Superintendent shall receive 
 from the principals the reports re- 
 quired of them by May 1st in each 
 year, as to work of teachers and sub- 
 stitutes employed by them during the 
 session, and after examination shall 
 transmit them to the Committee on 
 Teachers and Schools for examination 
 and classification, and for presenta- 
 tion to the Board before the annual; 
 election of teachers in June; or at such 
 other time as an election shall be ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 13. He shall have power (subject to 
 the approval and direction of the 
 Board) to assign the teachers elected 
 by the Board to the several schools, 
 and also to transfer them from one 
 school to another. 
 
66 
 
 ARTICLE VII. — Duties of Assistant 
 Superintendent. 
 
 1. To act under the direction of the 
 Superintendent, and in the absence of 
 that officer, to perform all the duties 
 appertaining to his office, except such 
 as are specifically assigned to the Su- 
 perintendent by State law. 
 
 2. To visit the several schools, as 
 often as practicable, to ascertain their 
 condition, as to supervision, instruc- 
 tion, discipline, ventilation, sanitation, 
 etc. 
 
 3. To observe carefully the methods 
 of instruction and discipline pursued 
 by the teachers in the several schools, 
 and to give them such advice and as- 
 sistance as he may deem necessary. 
 
 4. To report to the Superintendent 
 monthly, or oftener, if necessary, in 
 writing, relative to the efficiency of 
 the principals and teachers, and the 
 condition of the classes visited by him 
 — such reports to be kept in the office 
 of the Superintendent for the inspec- 
 tion of the Board or the Committees. 
 
 5. To make to the Superintendent 
 an annual report covering the work 
 of the session and embodying such 
 suggestions as may be necessary for 
 the enlargement and improvement of 
 the work. 
 
67 
 
 6, To perform such other special du- 
 ties as may be assigned him by the 
 Superintendent or the Board. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. — Duties of the Clebk 
 AND Supervisor. 
 
 1. The Clerk and Supervisor shall be 
 elected annually, in the month of April 
 or May; his term of office to begin on 
 the 1st of August ensuing. 
 
 2. He shall execute a bond to the 
 Board in the penal sum of $20,000, 
 with some responsible bond or security 
 company as surety, to be approved by 
 the Board. 
 
 3. He shall keep a record of the pro- 
 ceedings of all meetings of the Board. 
 
 4. He shall cause written or printed 
 notices of all regular and special meet- 
 ings to be sent to each member of the 
 Board and of the Committees. 
 
 5. He shall keep safely all books, 
 papers, reports pertaining to his office, 
 and proceedings belonging to the 
 Board, and shall furnish copies of any 
 papers when required for publication 
 or other purposes by the Board. 
 
 6. He shall disburse the pay of prin- 
 cipals, teachers, and janitors; audit 
 and endorse all accounts against the 
 Board; draw and countersign all war- 
 rants and checks, and pay all bills ap- 
 proved by the Finance Committee and 
 
68 
 
 ordered by the Board, taking receipts 
 therefor. 
 
 7. He shall be the purchasing agent 
 of the School Board of the city of Rich- 
 mond, and shall purchase and distri- 
 bute all supplies, furniture, etc., which 
 have been ordered by the Board or the 
 proper committee. He shall take prop- 
 er care of all supplies on hand. 
 
 8. He shall keep a set of books, with 
 classified and detailed accounts of all 
 receipts and expenditures, 
 
 9. It shall be the duty of the Clerk 
 and Supervisor to take the school 
 census, as provided by State law. 
 
 10. He shall discharge such other du- 
 ties, in connection with the administra- 
 tion of the "Public iSchools of the City 
 of Richmond," as may be required of 
 him by the School Board, or as pro- 
 vided by State law. 
 
 11. He shall keep regular office 
 hours. 
 
 12. He shall act as secretary of all 
 the standing committees, and keep a 
 record of their proceedings in separate 
 books kept for that purpose. 
 
 13. He shall, at each regular meet- 
 ing of the School Board, submit a 
 classified statement in writing of the 
 amount of all disbursements made by 
 him during the preceding month, and 
 of all balances on hand. 
 
69 
 
 14. He shall promptly notify in 
 writing the proper State and munici- 
 pal authorities of the qualification of 
 the members of the Board of Trustees, 
 of the election of its officers, and of 
 all vacancies in the Board. 
 
 15. He shall be Supervisor of school 
 buildings and all other property under 
 control of this Board. He shall have 
 charge of the same, and see that every- 
 thing is kept in good repair, as far 
 as the means may be provided. He 
 shall be subject to the direction of 
 the several committees and responsible 
 to the Board. 
 
 16. He shall have charge and con- 
 trol of all the janitors, assign them to 
 the several school buildings, and see 
 that they perform their duties faith- 
 fully and efiiciently. He shall report 
 to the Board or the Committee on 
 Buildings and Furniture any and all 
 failures on the part of the janitors 
 in the performance of the duties pre- 
 scribed by the Board or legitimately 
 pertaining to their positions. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. — Standing Committees. 
 
 The Board shall have the following 
 standing committees, whose members 
 shall be appointed annually, in the 
 month of April or May, by the chair- 
 man: 
 
70 
 
 1. Committee on Teachers and 
 Schools, consisting of four members. 
 
 2. Committee on Buildings and Fur- 
 niture, consisting of four members. 
 
 3. Committee on Finance, consisting 
 of three members. 
 
 4. Committee on Award of Scholar- 
 ships, consisting of three members. 
 
 5. The chairman of this Board and 
 the City Superintendent and Assistant 
 Superintendent shall be ex-officio mem- 
 bers of the Committee on Teachers and 
 Schools, without the power to vote. 
 
 6. Expenditures "by Committees. — 
 The several committees of the Board 
 are hereby instructed that they are not 
 authorized to make any expenditures 
 or contracts unless the money is to 
 the credit of the committee to cover 
 the same, without the express permis- 
 sion of the Board. 
 
 ARTICLE X. — Duties of the Commit- 
 tee ON Teachers and Schools. 
 
 1. The Committee on Teachers and 
 Schools shall, at a meeting to be held 
 not later than June 1st of each year, 
 make a rating for teachers and prin- 
 cipals — for the work of that session — 
 and shall notify all teachers who shall 
 have received a marking of less than 
 No. 1, at once as to their rating. They 
 shall report their findings to the Board 
 for final approval. ^ 
 
71 
 
 2. Prior to the election of teachers 
 and principals, each year, this com- 
 mittee shall submit a schedule of sala- 
 ries for adoption by the Board, 
 
 3. (a) All charges affecting the fit- 
 ness, qualifications, competency or con- 
 duct of any of the teachers or princi- 
 pals, unless otherwise ordered by the 
 Board, shall be investigated by this 
 committee, who shall report to the 
 Board as soon as possible such action 
 as they may deem necessary. 
 
 (b) This committee shall con- 
 sider and report upon all matters re- 
 lating to the instruction and discipline 
 of the schools. 
 
 4. The Committee on Teachers and 
 Schools shall receive and pass upon 
 all requisitions made by the Supervi- 
 sor for books for indigent pupils and 
 for school purposes; for printing, sta- 
 tionery, advertising, diplomas, honor 
 cards, badges, certificates, etc., and 
 audit and approve all bills for the 
 same. 
 
 5. This committee shall meet twice 
 a month, or oftener, at such time as 
 shall be designated by the committee. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. — Duties of Committee 
 ON Buildings and Furniture. 
 
 1. The Committee on Buildings and 
 
72 
 
 Furniture shall provide school-houses 
 or rooms for the schools established 
 by order of the Board, and see that 
 the same are kept in good repair and 
 well supplied with furniture, through 
 the Supervisor, when means are pro- 
 vided. The committee shall receive 
 and pass upon the requisitions for sup- 
 plies, repairs, etc., presented by the 
 Supervisor in his written statement, 
 and shall audit and approve all bills 
 for the same. 
 
 2. The committee shall, through the 
 Supervisor, see that the school rooms 
 are properly warmed and ventilated, 
 
 'and the grounds and buildings kept 
 in good order. 
 
 3. The committee shall have charge 
 of all new buildings in process of erec- 
 tion, and all necessary alterations of 
 the present buildings. They shall 
 study the most economical, as well as 
 the most commodious and comfortable 
 arrangements that can be made for 
 the welfare of the schools under the 
 jurisdiction of the Board. 
 
 4. It shall be the duty of this com- 
 mittee to have recorded, in a book 
 provided for that purpose, a full aad 
 accurate description, with location, of 
 all the real estate owned by the city 
 for school purposes, and under the con- 
 
73 
 
 trol of this Board, and in like manner 
 a complete inventory of all school fur- 
 niture and other property for the use 
 of public schools. Annual reports of 
 the same shall be made to the Board 
 in the month of August. This com- 
 mittee shall meet once a month, or 
 oftener, at such time as shall be fixed 
 by the committee. 
 
 ARTICLE XII.— Duties of the Fi- 
 nance Committee. 
 
 1. This committee shall audit all 
 pay-rolls, and shall countersign all ac- 
 counts properly certified from other 
 committees. 
 
 2. This committee shall prepare all 
 estimates for annual or special appro- 
 priations, prior to their presentation 
 to the Board and to the City Council. 
 
 3. (a) Each year, as soon as prac- 
 ticable after the appropriation has 
 been made by the City Council, this 
 committee shall place to the credit of 
 the Committees on Buildings and Fur- 
 niture and on Teachers and Schools 
 the amounts that in their judgment 
 can be spared from the appropriation 
 made by the City Council for general 
 expenses, etc. The said amounts are 
 to be used by the Committees on Build- 
 ings and Furniture and on Teachers 
 
74 
 
 and Sclaools, respectively, in the proper 
 discharge of the duties devolved upon 
 these committees by the laws of the 
 Board. 
 
 (b) The Finance Committee shall 
 classify the amounts credited as above 
 under the following heads: 
 
 Buildings and Furniture. — General 
 Supplies, General Repairs, Fuel, Rent, 
 Manual Training and Kindergarten, 
 Furniture, Improvements and New 
 Buildings, and Contingencies. 
 
 Teachers and Schools. — Printing, Ad- 
 vertising, Stationery, Diplomas, Honor 
 Cards, Badges, Certificates, etc. 
 
 4. This committee shall examine the 
 Clerk and Supervisor's books, accounts, 
 vouchers, and documents, and report 
 thereon at the regular meeting in Au- 
 gust of each year, and oftener, if re- 
 quired. 
 
 5. This committee shall meet month- 
 ly, or oftener, at such time as shall 
 be fixed by the committee. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. — Duties of the Com- 
 mittee ON Award of Scholarships. 
 
 1. This Committee shall determine 
 the award of Scholarships by the 
 record of the Pupils for the entire 
 High School Course. 
 
 2. This committee shall meet before 
 the annual closing exercises or oftener 
 if necessary. 
 
75 
 
 ARTICLE XIV.— Tuition Fund. 
 
 All money due for tuition shall be 
 collected by the Clerk, and deposited 
 in a responsible bank, to be designated 
 by the Board, and shall be drawn by 
 check signed by the Chairman of the 
 Board and countersigned by the Clerk, 
 and shall be used in the purchase of 
 books for indigent pupils and for such 
 other school purposes as the Board 
 may direct. 
 
 ARTICLE XV.— Janitors. 
 
 The term of Janitors shall be for 
 one year from the 1st of August. They 
 shall perform all duties required of 
 them; and in case of absence or in- 
 ability shall furnish a substitute satis- 
 factory to the Board. They may be 
 removed for cause at the pleasure of 
 the Board. 
 
 ARTICIiE XVI.— Amendments. 
 
 All amendments to these By-Laws 
 shall be submitted at a regular meet- 
 ing of the Board, and shall be laid 
 on the table until the next regular 
 meeting: provided that, by unanimous 
 consent, amendments may be consider- 
 ed and acted on at the meeting at 
 which they may be offered. 
 
 All rules or regulations heretofore 
 adopted which are in conflict with 
 these rules are hereby repealed. 
 

Index to Rules and Regulations. 
 
 A 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Absence of Pupils 19 
 
 Excuse for, required 30 
 
 Principal to investigate 30 
 
 Notify parents 30 
 
 Unexcused absence for two days 32 
 
 Absence of teachers 27 
 
 Absence of Principal 26 
 
 Admission of resident children 1 
 
 Admission of Kindergarten pupils.. 1 
 
 Admission of non-resident children 2, 3, 4 
 
 Admission of visitors 64 
 
 Admission of partisan and sectarian 
 
 questions 52 
 
 Admission of advertisements, &c... 66 
 
 Admission of notices, &c 66 
 
 Advertisements prohibited 66 
 
 Appeals to the Board 68 
 
 Applications for books 16 
 
 Authority of Superintendent over 
 
 Principals and teachers 38 
 
 Authority of Principal over teach- 
 ers 39 
 
 Assignment of teachers 43 
 
 Attendance 19 
 
 77 
 
78 
 B 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Board, School— By-Laws (pages 59-71). 
 
 Appeals to 68 
 
 Reports to — on teachers 46 
 
 Reports to— on substitutes 46 
 
 Supply books 16 
 
 Books — 
 
 For indigents 16 
 
 Provided by pupils 15 
 
 Stationery, &c 17 
 
 Conduct 73 
 
 Buildings— Location (page 5). 
 
 C 
 
 Cards— Registration 7 
 
 Certificates of proficiency and at- 
 tendance 90 
 
 Certificate, Physician's 24, 83 
 
 In cases of contagious diseases.. 11 
 
 Certificates, Tax — 
 
 Filed with Clerk 3 
 
 Class punishment 76 
 
 Clerk and Supervisor — 
 
 Authority over janitor 105 
 
 Authority required for admission 
 
 of non-residents 3 
 
 Authority required for absence of 
 
 janitor 105 
 
 File tax receipts 3 
 
79 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Clerk and Supervisor — Continued. 
 To be notified of needed repairs 
 
 and supplies 57 
 
 To be notified of damage, loss, 
 
 &c. , of property 105 
 
 To receive reports about non-.. 
 
 residents 8 
 
 To receive reports on neglect of 
 
 janitor 61 
 
 Collections — 
 
 Prohibited 66 
 
 Of pupils around buildings 67 
 
 Committee on Teachers and Schools — 
 
 To receive reports on teachers., 46 
 
 Communication with patrons 64 
 
 Communication in examination 87 
 
 Conduct book 73 
 
 Conduct, disorderly, without amend- 
 ment 78 
 
 Conduct of pupils on way to and 
 
 from school 67 
 
 Condition of rooms (teachers' re- 
 port) 58 
 
 Condition of building (principals' re- 
 port) 57 
 
 Condition of building (janitors' re- 
 port) 105 
 
 Contagious diseases 11, 12, 14 
 
 Corporal punishment 1 . . . 81 
 
 D 
 
 Damage and loss of property 71 
 
80 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Dangerous weapons 70 
 
 Death of pupils (register of) 9 
 
 Defacing property 71 
 
 Delicate pupils ; 24 
 
 Demerits— District Schools. 
 
 Suspension for 74 (d) 
 
 Record of 73 
 
 How given 74 (e) (f ) 
 
 Notice to parents 74 (a) (b) (c) 
 
 High School 75 
 
 Destruction of property 71 
 
 Diplomas— High School 91 
 
 Discipline — 
 
 Teacher to maintain 63 
 
 Teacher responsible 39 
 
 Principal responsible 41 
 
 Diseases — Contagious 11, 12, 14 
 
 Disorderly conduct and non-attend- 
 ance 78 
 
 Districts— Pupils confined to 5 
 
 Drills— Fire 51 
 
 Dropping of Pupils — 
 
 Authority for 36 
 
 In case of contagious diseases.. 11 
 
 In case of two days' absence... 32 
 
 In case of Religious holidays... 36 
 
 Duties of janitors. (See Janitors.) 
 Duties of. Principals. (See Principals.) 
 Duties of pupils. (See Pupils.) 
 Duties of Superintendent. (See Su- 
 perintendent.) 
 Duties of teachers. (See Teachers.) 
 
81 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Errands — Sending of pupils on 65 
 
 Examination of classes by Princi- 
 pal 40 
 
 Excursions 66 
 
 Examination — 
 
 Directions (general) 87 
 
 Directions to Principals 87 
 
 Directions to teachers 87 
 
 Directions to pupils 87 
 
 Extra Examination 86 
 
 Exclusion of Pupils— 
 
 For contagious diseases and epi- 
 lepsy 11, 13 
 
 For failure to return books .... 16 
 
 Expulsion of Pupils— 
 
 For demerits 74 <g) 
 
 For two suspensions.... 80 
 
 For use of profane or unchaste 
 
 language 68 
 
 For failure to amend 78 
 
 Extras 82. 
 
 F 
 
 Fire-drills 51 
 
 Floors to be clean 105 
 
 Funerals— Attendance on 25 
 
 Furloughs 29 
 
Gifts prohibited 
 "Going out" . . 
 G r a d u a tion 
 
 School . . . , 
 Guardians 
 
 82 
 G 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 52 
 
 83 
 
 requirements — High 
 
 H 
 
 Heftting— 
 
 Janitor's duty as to 105 
 
 Teacher's duty as to 62 
 
 Principal's duty as to 62 
 
 Hints to Public School Teachers 
 (pages 53-57). 
 
 Holidays 56 
 
 Honors 90, 91 
 
 Hours for recess 21, 22 
 
 Hours of opening 21,22 
 
 Hours of closing 21 
 
 Hour of arrival of Principal 23 
 
 Hour of arrival of teachers 23 
 
 Improve — Failure to 
 
 Indigents — 
 
 Furnished books 
 
 How to apply 
 
 Injury of property. (See Damage.) 
 Inspections 
 
 78 
 
 16 
 16 
 
 57 
 
83 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Interruption of teachers 64 
 
 Interviews in presence of Principal 64 
 Investigation of absence and tardi- 
 ness 30 
 
 Janitors— Duties, etc 105 
 
 Must not receive presents 52 
 
 K 
 
 "Keeping in" at recess 84 
 
 Kindergarten pupils 1 
 
 Kindergarten Supervisor 103 
 
 Late pupils 21 
 
 Language — Profane or unchaste 68 
 
 Leaving room during school hours. . 83 
 
 Lectures prohibited 66 
 
 Location of Buildings (page 5). 
 
 Loss and damage of property 71 
 
 M 
 
 Manual Training — Supervisor 103 
 
 Management— Principal's responsi- 
 bility for 41 
 
 Marking or writing about premises. 72 
 
 Marking register 85 
 
84 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Meetings of teachers 55 
 
 Meetings of Principals 55 
 
 Monitors ^" 
 
 Music— Supervisor 1^3 
 
 N 
 Neglect of Duty- 
 
 Janitors 
 
 61 
 39 
 
 Teachers 
 
 Night Schools 1^^ 
 
 Non-attendance and disorderly con- 
 
 duct 
 
 78 
 
 Non-residents 2, 3, 4 
 
 Notes of excuse required 30, 33, 34 
 
 Notes of excuse to be preserved 34 
 
 Notes of excuse validity of 34 
 
 Notices (giving of) prohibited 66 
 
 O 
 
 Opening bell 21, 22 
 
 Opening hours 21, 22 
 
 Order in class-room ^^ 
 
 Order in halls, yards, &c 42 
 
 Organization '** 
 
 "Outs" ^^ 
 
 Parents — 
 
 Communications with 64 
 
85 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Parents— Continued 
 
 Indigent 16 
 
 Interviews between teachers and 64 
 Must give excuses for absence 
 
 and tardiness, &c., of pupils.. 30 
 
 Must not give presents 52 
 
 Non-resident 2 
 
 Notified of pupils' absence 31 
 
 Notified of pupils demerits 74 (a) (b) (c) 
 Residence and occupation — regis- 
 ter of 7 
 
 Partisan questions excluded 52 
 
 Patrons — Day 49 
 
 Pay of substitutes 101 
 
 Penalties. (See Punishment.) 
 
 Physician's certificate 11, 24, 83 
 
 Physician (city) 14 
 
 Pledge 87 
 
 Presents — Receiving and giving of . . 52 
 
 Principal — Duties and Powers of — 
 
 Arrange for school in his absence 26 
 Attend meetings of Superintend- 
 ent 55 
 
 Authority ovep teachers 39 
 
 Confer with and instruct teach- 
 ers 39 
 
 . Drop pupils 36 
 
 Employ substitutes 102 
 
 Examine classes 40 
 
 Examine conduct books monthly 73 
 
 Forward lists of non-residents... 8 
 
86 
 
 KBCTION. 
 
 Principal— Duties and Powers of— Con. 
 
 Have Fire Drills 51 
 
 Have opening bell rung 21 
 
 Inspect premises 57 
 
 Judge of validity of excuses 34 
 
 Keep registration cards 7 
 
 Make programs and forward same 44 
 Make report of contagious dis- 
 eases 11 
 
 Make report on substitutes 47 
 
 Make report on teachers 46 
 
 Make report of tardiness of 
 
 teachers and himself 23 
 
 Make report of needed repairs 
 
 and supplies 57 
 
 Make report of injured property 71 
 
 Make report on janitors 61 
 
 Make monthly reports. 45 
 
 Make rules 42 
 
 Medium of communication 64 
 
 Must not receive presents 52 
 
 . Notify parents of absence of pu- 
 pils ......... 31 
 
 Notify parents of demerits given 
 , 74 (a) (b) (c) 
 . Notify Superintendent of demerit- 
 
 , ed pupils 74 (d) 
 
 Organize and assign 43 
 
 - Read rules 37 
 
 Regulate clocks 20 
 
 Responsible for discipline....... 41 
 
 See after ventilation and heating 62 
 
87 
 
 SECTieN. 
 
 Principal — Duties and Powers of — Con. 
 
 Supervise school property.. 57 
 
 Suspend 77 
 
 Time of arrival 23 
 
 Under authority of Superintend- 
 ent 38 
 
 To Supervising and Pupil Teach- 
 er 93 
 
 Profane or unchaste language 68 
 
 Proficiency— Certificates of 90 
 
 Programs 44 
 
 Prohibitions — 
 
 Of sales, collections, &c 66 
 
 Of partisan and sectarian ques- 
 tions 52 
 
 Of visitors 64 
 
 Of sending pupils on errands... 65 
 
 Of use of tobacco 69 
 
 Of recommending pads, etc 18 
 
 Promotions— Regulations for Disti'ict 
 
 Schools 85 
 
 Promotions — Regulations for High 
 
 Schools 88 
 
 Property — Injury of 71 
 
 Punishment — 
 
 Corporal 81 
 
 Of whole class 76 
 
 For absence 32 
 
 For carrying dangerous weapons 70 
 
 For truancy and tardiness 35 
 
88 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Punishment — Continued. 
 
 For injuring and destroying prop- 
 erty 71 
 
 For non-attendance and disorder- 
 ly conduct 78 
 
 For profane or unciiaste language 68 
 
 For second suspension 80 
 
 For demerits 74 (d) 
 
 For cheating in examination... 87 
 
 Pupils- 
 Absence of 30 
 
 Admission of 1, 2, 3, 4 
 
 Carelessness of 78 
 
 Collections of prohibited 67 
 
 Confined to districts 5 
 
 Delicate 24 
 
 Duties of — 
 
 Attendance 19 
 
 Attendance on funerals 25 
 
 Books clean, slates covered, 
 
 &c 16 
 
 Bring excuses 30 
 
 Conduct 19, 30, 32, 35, 67, 68, 
 
 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78 
 
 "Going out" 83 
 
 Leaving school 25, 33 
 
 Provide books, &c 15 
 
 Excluded for contagious diseases 11 
 Excluded for other reasons. (See 
 
 Suspensions.) 
 
 Indigent ]6 
 
89 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Obstinacy and quarreling of.... 78 
 
 Tardiness of 21,30 
 
 Transfer of 6 
 
 Truancy of 35 
 
 Under rules on way to and from 
 school 41, 67 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarreling of pupils 78 
 
 Questions- 
 Examination 87 
 
 Partisan and sectarian 52 
 
 Qualifications of — 
 
 Principals 96 
 
 Teachers— High School 97 
 
 Teachers— District Schools 99 
 
 Specialists 98 
 
 R 
 
 Recess 21, 42 
 
 Register, School— How marked .... 85 
 
 Register of sickness and death, etc 9 
 
 Registration of pupils 7 
 
 Registration of non-residents 7 
 
 Regulation of clocks 20 
 
 Regulations for certificates, honors, 
 
 &c 90 
 
 Regulations for promotion and grad- 
 uation 85, 89 
 
 Jlegul^tions for marking i*egister ... 85 
 
90 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Regulations for examination 86, 87 
 
 Repairs 57 
 
 Reports of Principal 45 
 
 Contagious diseases 11 
 
 Pupils excluded or suspended 11, 68, 77 
 
 Pupils for injury to property . . 71 
 Pupils demerited, to parents 
 
 74 (a) (b) (c) 
 
 Pupils non-resident 8 
 
 Tardy teachers 23 
 
 His own absence and tardiness. .26, 23 
 
 On substitutes 47 
 
 On teachers 46 
 
 On janitors 61 
 
 Reports of Teachers.— 
 
 Condition of rooms 60 
 
 Damage to property 58 
 
 Inability to attend 27 
 
 Pupils needed to be excluded. .. .11, 13 
 
 Tardiness 23 
 
 . Teacher's monthly 45 
 
 Reports (Janitor's)— Damage to prop- 
 erty 105 
 
 Resident pupils 1 
 
 Requisites for admission of pupils 1, 2, 3, 4 
 
 Rewards 82 
 
 Rights of pay pupils 4 
 
 Rules in force on streets 41 
 
 Rules— Study and observance of re- 
 quired i i ...... . 37 
 
 Rules to be read by Principals 37 
 
 Rules, special, made by Principal.. 42 
 
 Rules governing Reserve List 100 
 
91 
 
 S 
 
 SECTION^ 
 
 Sales, &c., prohibited 66 
 
 Schedule of values 85 
 
 Scholarships 92 
 
 School Board. (See Board.) 
 
 Sectarian questions 52 
 
 Signal for closing school 48 
 
 Sickness of Pupils — 
 
 Register of 9 
 
 When to report 11, 12 
 
 Sickness of teachers 11, 11 (b) (c> 
 
 Slates la 
 
 Substitutes and Reserves 100 
 
 Paj' of Substitutes ............. 101 
 
 For Principal 26 
 
 Reports on 47 
 
 Superintendent — 
 
 Action prescribed in case of con- 
 tagious diseases 11, 12, 13 
 
 Action prescribed in case of indi- 
 gent books not returned 16 
 
 Action prescribed in case of non- 
 attendance and disorderly con- 
 duct of pupils 78 
 
 Action prescribed in case of pro- 
 fane or unchaste language of 
 
 pupils 68 
 
 Appoint day of examination.... 87 
 
 Approve transfers 6 
 
92 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Superintendent — Continued 
 
 Autiiority for calling meetings of 
 principals 55 
 
 Authority for calling meetings of 
 teachers 55 
 
 Authority over Principals and 
 teachers 38 
 
 Authority required for change of 
 examination questions 87 
 
 Authority required for collections 66 
 
 Authority required for distribu- 
 tion of advertisements and cir- 
 culars 66 
 
 Authority required for getting 
 up of exhibitions, &c 66 
 
 Authority required for notices.. 66 
 
 Authority required for return of 
 suspended pupils 79 
 
 Authority I'equired for sales ... 66 
 
 Authority required for subscrip- 
 tions 66 
 
 Authority required for visiting of 
 teachers with pupils 66 
 
 Assign reserve teachers 100 
 
 Notified of injury and destruction 
 of property 71 
 
 Notified of inability or inefficien- 
 cy of teachers 39, 46 
 
 Notified , of Principal's absence 
 and . tardiness .23, 26 
 
 Notified of pupils habitually care- 
 less, ,4c 78 
 
93 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Superintendent— Continued 
 
 Notified of pupils using bad lan- 
 guage (J8 
 
 Notified of pupils to be suspended 
 
 Notified of pupils suspended 
 
 Reports to be handed him— 
 
 Principal's monthly reports.. 45 
 Teachers' monthly reports . . 45 
 
 Program 44 
 
 Report on substitutes 47 
 
 Report on teachers (annual) . . 46 
 Report on teachers (special). .39, 46 
 
 Supervision of school property .... 57 
 
 Supervisor. (See Clerk.) 
 
 Supervisors of — 
 
 Kindergarten . 103 
 
 Music 103 
 
 Manual Training 103 
 
 Pupil teachers 95 
 
 Supplies — 
 
 Not to be recommended to pupils 18 
 
 Needed for schools 57 
 
 Janitor responsible for 105 
 
 Suspensions by Principal in extreme 
 
 cases 77 
 
 Suspensions — 
 
 For demerits 74 (d), 75 
 
 For carrying dangerous weapons 70 
 
 For truancy and tardiness 35 
 
94 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Suspensions — Continued 
 
 For carelessness, &c., without 
 
 amendment 78 
 
 For injury to school property.. 71 
 For use of profane or unchaste 
 
 language 68 
 
 For cheating in examination.... 87 
 
 Result of two 80 
 
 Of indigents for failure to return 
 
 books 16 
 
 How return after 79 
 
 T 
 
 Tardiness of Pupils— 
 
 When tardy 21, 22 
 
 To be investigated 30 
 
 "When like truancy 35 
 
 Tardiness of principals 23 
 
 Tardiness of teachers 23 
 
 Tax credits to non-residents 3 
 
 Teacher— Duties when Principal is 
 
 absent 26 
 
 Teachers and Schools. (See Commit- 
 tee on.) 
 Teachers — 
 
 Assignment of 43 
 
 Conversatipns with 64 
 
 Duties of— 
 
 Assist Principal 41, 59 
 
 Attendance 19 
 
95 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Duties of — Continued. 
 
 Attend meetings 55 
 
 Malie monthly reports 45 
 
 Maintain discipline 63 
 
 Must not be interrupted .... 64 
 Must not get up entertain- 
 ments, &c 66 
 
 Preserve excuses 34 
 
 Read and study rules and reg- 
 ulations 37 
 
 Report their sickness, &c. . . 27 
 
 Report condition of rooms . . 60 
 
 ■ Report their tardiness 23 
 
 Responsible for discipline . . 39 
 
 Study and observe rules .... 37 
 
 Keep conduct book 73 
 
 Excluded for contagious diseases 11 
 
 Furloughs of 29 
 
 Interruption of 64 
 
 Interviews 64 
 
 Prohibited from receiving gifts 52 
 
 Substitutes for teachers 27 
 
 Tinder authority of Principal.... 39 
 Under authority of Superintend- 
 ent 38 
 
 Telephones, use of 54 
 
 Time— Standard of 20 
 
 Tobacco— Use of prohibited 69 
 
 Transfers 6 
 
 Truanci es 35 
 
 Tuition— cost of 2 
 
96 
 V 
 
 SECTION. 
 
 Unchaste or profane language 68: 
 
 Unexcused absence— Teacher and 
 
 Principal v 28 
 
 V 
 
 Vaccination of pupils 10 
 
 Validity of excuses 34 
 
 Values of studies (page 35). 
 
 Ventilation and heating 62^ 
 
 Visitors— Admission of 64 
 
 W 
 
 Weapons— Dangerous 70 
 
 Writing or marking about premises 72 
 
 Writing of improper language 68 
 
 Writing tablets 17 
 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 020 320 
 
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