aass fiB'^ ~<^' 
 
 Book K^f- 
 
 
MOVEMENT OE PEICES, 
 
 Jfi- 
 
 1840-1894 
 
 SAUERBECK, LONDON ECONOMIST, 
 U. S. SENATE TABLES. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE" BUREAU OF STATISTICS, TEEASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 1895. 
 
 WASHrnGTOIST: 
 
 GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE. 
 1895. 
 
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MOVEMENT OF PRICES. 
 
 Current discussion has, turned so generally to a consideration of the fluctuations in the prices of articles of 
 general consumption, and the importance of the question is such, that only the most reliable information should be 
 applied. In the volumes issued under the direction of the United States Senate will be found a very full and 
 detailed examination of prices in the United States for a period of fifty years. Some of these price records have 
 been continued in the monthly Bulletin, "Finance, Commerce, and Immigration of the United States." In 
 England uniform records of price fluctuations have been jnaintained for nearly fifty years by the London 
 Economist, "and this record possesses peculiar value because of the uniform methods employed in their preparation. 
 A second authority of equal weight is Mr. Augustus Sauerbeck, whose tables of prices and index numbers have 
 been recognized as of great value and reliability. To meet the demands made upon this Bureau for tables of 
 prices I have thought it best to print the full results of the labors of Mr. Sauerbeck and the London Economist. 
 
 Uhn-'fiduLCj-hri^ d. T^xrrr^ 
 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 Treasury Department, 
 
 Bureau of Statistics. 
 
PRICES OF COMMODITIES IN 1894. 
 
 By a. Sauerbeck, Esq. 
 
 The following table shows the course of prices of forty-five commodities during the last seventeen years as 
 compared with the standard period of eleven years, 1867-1877, which in the aggregate is equivalent to the average 
 of the twenty-five years 1853-1877 (see the [Eoyal Statistical] Society's Journal, 1886, pp. 592 and 648, and 1893, 
 pp. 220 and 247) : 
 
 Summary of index numbers. Groups of articles, 1867-1877=100. 
 
 YEAES. 
 
 Vegeta- 
 ble food 
 (com, 
 etc.). 
 
 Animal 
 food 
 (meat, 
 etc.). 
 
 Sugar, 
 coffee, 
 and tea. 
 
 Total 
 food. 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 Textiles. 
 
 Sundry 
 mate- 
 rials. 
 
 Total 
 
 mate- 
 rials. 
 
 Grand 
 total. 
 
 Silver, 
 (a) 
 
 Wleat 
 
 harvest. 
 
 Co) 
 
 Average 
 
 price of 
 
 consols. 
 
 (c) 
 
 Average 
 Bank of 
 England 
 rate, (c) 
 
 1878 
 
 95 
 87 
 89 
 84 
 84 
 82 
 71 
 68 
 65 
 64 
 67 
 65 
 65 
 75 
 65 
 59 
 55 
 
 101 
 
 94 
 
 101 
 
 101 
 
 104 
 
 103 
 
 97 
 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 90 
 87 
 88 
 84 
 76 
 77 
 63 
 63 
 60 
 67 
 65 
 75 
 70 
 71 
 69 
 75 
 65 
 
 96 
 
 90 
 94 
 91 
 89 
 89 
 79 
 74 
 72 
 70 
 72 
 75 
 73 
 77 
 73 
 72 
 66 
 
 74 
 73 
 79 
 77 
 79 
 76 
 68 
 66 
 67 
 69 
 78 
 75 
 80 
 76 
 71 
 68 
 64 
 
 78 
 74 
 81 
 77 
 73 
 70 
 68 
 65 
 63 
 65 
 64 
 70 
 66 
 59 
 57 
 59 
 53 
 
 88 
 85 
 89 
 86 
 85 
 84 
 81 
 76 
 69 
 67 
 67 
 68 
 69 
 69 
 67 
 68 
 64 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 84 
 80 
 80 
 77 
 73 
 70 
 67 
 67 
 69 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 65 
 65 
 60 
 
 87 
 83 
 88 
 35 
 34 
 32 
 76 
 72 
 69 
 68 
 70 
 72 
 72 
 72 
 68 
 68 
 63 
 
 86.4 
 34.2 
 85.9 
 85.0 
 84.9 
 83.1 
 83.3 
 79.9 
 74.6 
 73.3 
 70.4 
 70.2 
 78.4 
 74.1 
 65.4 
 58.6 
 47.6 
 
 108 
 64 
 93 
 97 
 100 
 93 
 103 
 108 
 93 
 110 
 96 
 103 
 106 
 108 
 91 
 90 
 106 
 
 95A 
 97i 
 98J 
 100 
 lOOi 
 lOlA 
 101 
 99i 
 lOOJ 
 1011 
 101 
 98 
 96i 
 95i 
 96i 
 98i 
 101 
 
 3i 
 
 2| 
 3i 
 
 1879 „ 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 3 A 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 3 
 
 1885 . . -. 
 
 3 
 
 1886 
 
 3 
 
 1887 
 
 3ft 
 3ft 
 3ft 
 *ft 
 3A 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 2ft 
 3ft 
 2?„ 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 
 Average, 1885-1894 
 
 1878-1887 
 
 65 
 79 
 
 83 
 95 
 
 63 
 76 
 
 72 
 84 
 
 71 
 73 
 
 62 
 71 
 
 68 
 81 
 
 67 
 76 
 
 69 
 79 
 
 69.2 
 82.1 
 
 101 
 97 
 
 99 
 99^ 
 
 35 
 
 3ft 
 
 a Silver 60.84d. per ounce=100. 6 Wheat harvest in the United Kingdom, 1878-1883, 28 bushels per acre=100; from 1384, 29 bnshels=100. 
 
 c Consols and bank rate actual figures, not index numbers: consols 2^ per cent from 1889. 
 
 The index number for all commodities was 63, against 68 in 1893, and was therefore 7J per cent below the 
 preceding year, 9 per cent below the average of the preceding ten years, 20 per cent below the ten years 1878-1887, 
 and 37 per cent below the standard period, 1867-1877. The decline during the past year extended to all groups of 
 commodities, and in no case was it less than 6 per cent. A number of articles showed records of lowest prices 
 during the century; thus wheat and flour, oats, rice, sugar, lead, cotton, jute, flax, manila hemp, merino wool, 
 silk, and soda, in fact, 16 out of 45 descriptions, while some others, such as tea, copper, and petroleum were on the 
 average of the year as low or lower than in any preceding year. 
 
 As will be seen from the monthly figures given later on, the fall was practically uninterrupted, and amounted 
 to fully 10 per cent from beginning to end. Vegetable food (corn, etc.) decliued on the average 9 per cent since 
 December, 1893; wheat, barley, and oats fell considerably. Engli.sh wheat touching 17s. 6d. and oats 13s. 3d. in 
 October, these very low rates being partly due to the damp condition of the crop. Cargoes of wheat afloat, 
 particularly Eiver Plate, were sold at that time under 20s., but good dry North American or Indian wheat on spot 
 was probably not obtainable under 21s. Prices for English and foreign wheat improved somewhat toward the end 
 of the year. Potatoes and American maize were cheap in the first half of the year, and dearer in the second half 
 owing to deficient crops. Eice sold on a very low level. In the case of animal food, beef and inferior mutton 
 were on the whole somewhat lower, and prime mutton a little higher, while pork and butter ruled distinctly 
 cheaper, the average price of butter having been the lowest since 1852. Sugar suffered a decline of 30 per cent 
 in view of an enormous crop ; the better kinds of coffee, which were scarce, sold fairly well, but the lower Brazil 
 sorts fell about 20 per cent; tea was cheap, and the average import value was lower than ever, but there was some 
 
 5 
 
6 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PRICES— (SAUEEBECK). 
 
 improvement for common grades in the second half of the year. In the case of minerals the decline during the 
 year amounted to 14 per cent; iron did not fluctitate much but receded slightly, copper and lead were very low, 
 and tin fell sharply — about 18 per cent — owing to large supplies. Best coals in the London market declined from 
 24s. to 16s., the opening price having been very high in consequence of the strike, while the closing price may 
 have been influenced by the mild wfeather in December; but it is worth mentioning that during the three winter 
 months, November, December, and January, the price did not rise above 16s., which has not been the case for over 
 forty years; only iu February during the prolonged frost it went to 17s. 6d., but fell to 15s. 6d. after the thaw. 
 The most remarkable decline took place for textiles, where it reached 20 per cent within the year. Cotton declined 
 gradually in expectation of a very large American crop, and touched the lowest point ever known in November, 
 when middling American was quoted 2||d. ; jute decUued throughout the year, silk was very depressed, flax 
 maintained a fair level until summer, but fell sharply afterwards, in some cases un to 35 per cent from the beginning 
 of the year. The decline in the last quarter extended also to hemp and wool, in the case of the latter partly 
 owing to large accumulations of stocks on the Continent. Sundry materials were all low, but a distinct fall is only 
 to be recorded in the case of tallow, indigo, and soda. 
 
 The average price of silver was 28Ytd., against 35§d. in the preceding year. It stood at 31f d. at the end of 
 1893, and commenced to fall when the Indian secretary abolished the limit for couucil drafts, touching the lowest 
 I)rice on the 3d of March, viz, 27d. per ounce spot (26|d. for futures). It im^jroved at the eud of March, ruled 
 between 28d. and 29d. during the next four months, and rose to 30Jd. toward the end of August. During the 
 rest of the year it declined gradually, and was worth 27:|d. at the end of December (index number 44.8), equal to 
 a ratio of 34.6 silver to 1 gold, or 55.2 per cent below the old parity of 15| to 1. 
 
 The past year was comparatively free from any violent occurrences directly affecting the general trade of the 
 world, but it suffered from the effects of the series of crises which characterized the period from 1890-1893, and 
 particularly the eventful year 1893. The depression created by the great losses of the preceding four years, by 
 the agricultural distress, the Australian crisis, the closing of the Indian mint, and the very serious American 
 cri.sis, continued throughout the year in most branches of -business, aggravated on the one side by the great 
 shrinkage in the demand of extra-European countries, and particularly the United States, and by the further 
 decline of silver, and on the other side by increased supplies of a number of articles, such as wheat, jute, tin, 
 tallow, etc., and a phenomenal production of cotton and sugar. The crops of this country were plentiful, but being 
 partly damaged by wet weather, and realizing excessively low prices, the agricultural depression was not 
 relieved. The great coal strike in the Midlands was settled in March, but a fresh one broke out in Scotland in 
 July. Of other events worth recording, there was the protracted tariff legislation, the final adoption of the new 
 tariff in August, and the continued currency difliculties in the United States, increased by a deficit of $100,000,000 
 in the Government receipts during the last eighteen mouths; then the great accumulations of gold in the 
 European banks and treasuries, the uuprecedentedly low rate of interest, the rise of gilt-edged securities and 
 of South African mining shares, and finally the outbreak of war between Japan and China, which latter, however, 
 was probably of little irai^ortance to trade generally. 
 
 Since the beginning of December a slight improvement in trade has been noticeable, but it has not yet had 
 any influence on prices. The index number was 60.1 in December and 60 in January and February, the lowest 
 on record. 
 
 The production of gold has made highly satisfactory progress, and the Director of the Mint at Washington 
 
 gives the following estimates: 
 
 ' £ ■ 
 
 1890. 178, 800 kilos, fine =24,400,000 
 
 1891. 196, 600 kilos, fine =26,800,000 
 
 1892. 220, 100 kilos, fine =30,000,000 
 
 1893. 236, 600 kilos, fine =32,300,000 
 
 The production probably reached £36,000,000 in 1894, but of the new supply during the last two years nothing 
 has gone into actual circulation. («) If we deduct £24,000,000 (or £12,000,000 per annum) for use in the arts and 
 manufactures in Europe and North America, and assume that nothing was on balance retained by the East, Africa, 
 and South America, there remain £44,000,000 for monetary purposes. The changes in the gold reserves of the 
 l^rincipal European banks and treasuries during the same period I estimate as follows : 
 
 1 
 
 End of 1892. 
 
 End of 1894. 
 
 
 £24, 400, 000 
 68, 300, 000 
 41, 900, 000 
 26, 000, 000 
 75, OOO, 000 
 
 £32, 500, 000 
 82, 800, 000 
 52, 300, 000 
 36, 000, 000 
 94, 000, 000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 235, 600, 000 
 
 297, 600, 000 
 
 a Profluction and distribution dnring the seven years 188C-1892; refer to my paper in the Society's Journal, 1893, p. 232. 
 b G-old and silver, but increase will aU be gold. 
 
MOVEMENT OF PRICES— (SAUERBECK). 7 
 
 There is an increase of £Gii,000,000, and making allowance for a loss of £(),000,0()0 by tlie United States in 
 addition to tlieir production, the increase in the banks and treasuries is £12,(»00,00() larger tlian the total available 
 new supply, while the smaller banks have also increased their holdings. These accumulations are partly due to 
 the stagnation in business and the lack of enterprise, and partly to political reasons. In the United States, 
 according to official returns, the value of gold in the Treasury has fallen from $238,000,000 at the end of 1892 to 
 $139,000,000 at the end of 1894, while the amount of gold outside the Treasury has increased from $413,000,000 to 
 $485,000,000. This increase of $72,000,000, or nearly £1."»,000,000, means, however, additional hoarding, owing to 
 the general distrust. When confidence returns and capital is no longer idle, and when the greater portion of the 
 reserves and hoarded money is put into circulation, it will, with the expected further expansion of the gold 
 production, have a powerful effect in maintaining on the average a somewhat higher range of prices than of 
 late. With a supply of £36,000,000 and average reriuiremeuts of £15,000,000 (£12,000,01(0 in the arts and 
 manufactures in the gold countries, and £3,000,000 for the East, Africa, and South America), there remain 
 £21,000,000 available for currency purposes, which, with silver token money, should be an ample addition to the 
 estimated currency of about £1,-500,000,000 (gold, silver, and uncovered notes) in Europe, North America, and 
 Australia, if there is no great extra demand. Austria requires still some gold, and Russia may have reason to 
 further increase her stock, while Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece will be desirous to recover the gold lost, if 
 possible; but on the whole the extra demand will be less intense than during the last few years, unless silver 
 should be demonetized or uncovered notes — for instance, greenbacks — should be withdrawn to any large extent. 
 
 Quarterly Movements op Prices. («) 
 Summary of index numbers, 1866-1877=100. 
 
 TEARS. 
 
 Quar- 
 ters. 
 
 Vegeta- 
 ble food 
 
 (com, 
 
 etc.) 
 
 Animal 
 food, 
 
 (meat, 
 etc). 
 
 Sugar, 
 cotlee, 
 and tea. 
 
 Total 
 food. 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 Textiles. 
 
 Sundry 
 materials. 
 
 Total 
 materials. 
 
 Grand 
 
 total. 
 
 Silver. (6) 
 
 |- 
 
 I 
 
 68.4 
 
 89.7 
 
 58.7 
 
 74.2 
 
 65.7 
 
 67.7 
 
 77.3 
 
 71.2 
 
 72.5 
 
 80.7 
 
 1885 
 
 II 
 III 
 
 69.9 
 67.1 
 
 89.5 
 89.2 
 
 64.1 
 62.7 
 
 76.2 
 74.4 
 
 65.7 
 66.9 
 
 67.1 
 64.2 
 
 75.7 
 76.2 
 
 70.4 
 70 
 
 72.8 
 71.8 
 
 81.1 
 79.6 
 
 
 rv 
 
 67.2 
 
 83.8 
 
 64.2 
 
 72.7 
 
 67.4 
 
 62.2 
 
 75.8 
 
 69.4 
 
 70.8 
 
 77.7 
 
 
 I 
 
 66.5 
 
 87 
 
 61.2 
 
 72.9 
 
 67 
 
 61.3 
 
 74 
 
 68.2 
 
 70.2 
 
 77 
 
 1S86 
 
 II 
 HI 
 
 64.8 
 63.8 
 
 90.5 
 
 88.8 
 
 59.2 
 58.3 
 
 73,2 
 71.9 
 
 65.8 
 66.4 
 
 60.8 
 64.3 
 
 69.7. 
 68.8 
 
 65.9 
 66.8 
 
 69 
 68.9 
 
 74.5 
 71.2 
 
 
 IV 
 
 65.1 
 
 85.3 
 
 60.9 
 
 71.6 
 
 67.7 
 
 65.2 
 
 69.6 
 
 67.7 
 
 69.4 
 
 75.8 
 
 
 I 
 
 66.7 
 
 80.2 
 
 60.8 
 
 70.4 
 
 68 
 
 65.9 
 
 67 
 
 67.3 
 
 68.5 
 
 75.3 
 
 1887 
 
 n 
 III 
 
 65.4 
 63.7 
 
 79 
 80.2 
 
 66.8 
 68.4 
 
 70.7 
 70.7 
 
 66.8 
 66.5 
 
 64 
 63.5 
 
 66.5 
 66.7 
 
 65.8 
 65.7 
 
 67.8 
 67.8 
 
 72.2 
 73.1 
 
 
 rv 
 
 65.2 
 
 77.9 
 
 70 
 
 70.9 
 
 78 
 
 64.5 
 
 66.9 
 
 68.9 
 
 69.7 
 
 72.5 
 
 
 I 
 
 66 
 
 78.8 
 
 63.5 
 
 70.2 
 
 85.1 
 
 62.7 
 
 67.3 
 
 70,7 
 
 70.5 
 
 71.9 
 
 1888 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 66.3 
 67.3 
 
 79.9 
 
 84.4 
 
 62.5 
 65.7 
 
 70.5 
 73.5 
 
 74.3 
 76.5 
 
 62.3 
 63.2 
 
 65.5 
 66.3 
 
 66.9 
 68.1 
 
 68.5 
 70.3 
 
 69.4 
 69.8 
 
 
 IV 
 
 69 
 
 84.7 
 
 68.4 
 
 74.7 
 
 77.6 
 
 67.6 
 
 70.2 
 
 71.4 
 
 72.8 
 
 70.4 
 
 • 
 
 I 
 
 66.7 
 
 86.3 
 
 72.2 
 
 75 
 
 74.9 
 
 69.9 
 
 69.2 
 
 70.9 
 
 72.7 
 
 70 
 
 1889 \ 
 
 II 
 III 
 
 63.9 
 64.6 
 
 84.1 
 86.8 
 
 85.7 
 75.7 
 
 76.2 
 75.1 
 
 69 
 72.6 
 
 69.1 
 69.6 
 
 67.5 
 68.1 
 
 68.4 
 69.9 
 
 71.7 
 72 
 
 69 
 
 
 69.8 
 
 
 IV 
 
 66.3 
 
 86 
 
 67.2 
 
 73.1 
 
 83.9 
 
 70.7 
 
 68.1 
 
 73.2 
 
 73.2 
 
 71.4 
 
 
 I 
 
 63.7 
 
 86.3 
 
 68.6 
 
 73.1 
 
 80.6 
 
 69.1 
 
 68.7 
 
 72 
 
 72.5 
 
 72.6 
 
 1890 .j 
 
 II 
 
 62.8 
 
 83 
 
 69.8 
 
 ■ 71.6 
 
 78.3 
 
 66.7 
 
 67.8 
 
 70.3 
 
 70.8 
 
 77.2 
 
 III 
 
 67.2 
 
 80.6 
 
 73.1 
 
 73.4 
 
 81.7 
 
 64.6 
 
 69.2 
 
 71.1 
 
 72.1 
 
 85.1 
 
 
 IV 
 
 67.4 
 
 82 
 
 71.2 
 
 73.6 
 
 80.5 
 
 62.7 
 
 69.5 
 
 70.4 
 
 71.7 
 
 79.6 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 71 
 
 78.9 
 
 74.1 
 
 74.5 
 
 78.4 
 
 61.2 
 
 69.3 
 
 69.2 
 
 71.4 
 
 74.4 
 
 1891 J 
 
 n 
 
 77.8 
 
 80.1 
 
 72.2 
 
 77.5 
 
 77.7 
 
 59.2 
 
 69.5 
 
 68.5 
 
 72.3 
 
 73.6 
 
 
 III 
 
 75.5 
 
 83 
 
 70.4 
 
 77.2 
 
 76.6 
 
 58.4 
 
 68.9 
 
 67.7 
 
 71.7 
 
 74.5 
 
 
 rv 
 
 77.2 
 
 80.8 
 
 68.7 
 
 76.7 
 
 73.9 
 
 58.6 
 
 69 
 
 67.1 
 
 71.2 
 
 72.1 
 
 
 I 
 
 70.6 
 
 82.7 
 
 69.1 
 
 74.8 
 
 72.2 
 
 59.2 
 
 67.1 
 
 66 
 
 69.7 
 
 67.4 
 
 1892 J 
 
 II 
 
 67.5 
 
 83.1 
 
 66.6 
 
 73 
 
 73.4 
 
 57 
 
 65.8 
 
 65.2 
 
 68.5 
 
 65.8 
 
 
 III 
 
 64.2 
 
 85.9 
 
 68.2 
 
 73 
 
 70.7 
 
 53.2 
 
 65.6 
 
 63.3 
 
 67.3 
 
 63.2 
 
 
 IV 
 
 60.7 
 
 83.6 
 
 72.7 
 
 71.7 
 
 69.5 
 
 57.3 
 
 67.4 
 
 64.9 
 
 67.7 
 
 64 
 
 
 I 
 
 59 
 
 84.3 
 
 75.2 
 
 71.8 
 
 67 
 
 59.8 
 
 70.3 
 
 66.2 
 
 68.5 
 
 63 
 
 1803 J 
 
 II 
 
 in 
 
 59.7 
 58.9 
 
 83 
 86.1 
 
 78.9 
 74 
 
 72.3 
 72.1 
 
 63.8 
 67.4 
 
 57.7 
 57.7 
 
 68.2 
 67.7 
 
 63.8 
 64.5 
 
 67.4 
 67.7 
 
 58.3 
 
 
 55.1 
 
 
 rv 
 
 58.6 
 
 83.2 
 
 70.5 
 
 70.2 
 
 72.3 
 
 58.7 
 
 67.2 
 
 66 
 
 67.8 
 
 52.2 
 
 1894 .; 
 
 I 
 
 57 
 
 80.3 
 
 69 
 
 68.1 
 
 65.8 
 
 56.8 
 
 65.1 
 
 62.7 
 
 65 
 
 47.3 
 
 II 
 
 54.4 
 
 79.7 
 
 66.8 
 
 66.3 
 
 62.9 
 
 55.3 
 
 64.3 
 
 61.1 
 
 63.3 
 
 47.2 
 
 III 
 
 54.8 
 
 80.4 
 
 63.8 
 
 66.1 
 
 63 
 
 53 
 
 63.9 
 
 60.3 
 
 62.8 
 
 48.4 
 
 i. 
 
 IV 
 
 53.2 
 
 78.4 
 
 60.8 
 
 64.1 
 
 62.3 
 
 48.2 
 
 63.5 
 
 58.5 
 
 60.9 
 
 46.6 
 
 a The four quarterly figures of each year do not in all cases exactly (in tlie decimals) agi'ee witli the annual averages, as tlie latter are partly calculated from 
 revised iigures. 
 
 h Silver 60.84d. per ounce. = 100. 
 
8 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PEICES— (SAUEEBECK). 
 
 The quarterly numbers show the average of three monthly figures, and thus eliminate minor fluctuations; 
 they give the best idea of the gradual changes of all commodities and of certain classes. Two years ago I 
 pointed out that food and materials, and again among food products, vegetable and animal food, moved very often 
 in opposite directions. This was also the case in 1893; food and materials moving differently in all the four 
 quarters, and vegetable and animal food showing the divergence in the first three quarters, but since the end of 
 1893 all movements were alike, and tliis shows the strong force prevailing which aftected all commodities in their 
 downward course, leaving no redeeming feature. As compared with the last quarter of 1889, which was the 
 highest here recorded, the decline for all commodities amounted to 17 per cent on the average, and it extended to 
 the various groups in the following manner: Sundry materials, 7; animal food, 9; sugar, coffee, and tea together, 
 10; corn, etc., 20; minerals, 26; and textiles, 32 per cent. 
 
 The next table shows the influence of certain seasons of the year on prices according to the average of the 
 last ten years : 
 
 AVEEAGE OF TEN TEAES, 1885-]8 
 
 Vegetable food (corn, etc.) 
 
 ADimalfood 
 
 Sugar, coffee, and tea 
 
 Minerals 
 
 Textiles 
 
 Sundry materials 
 
 AH forty -five commodities 
 
 ACTUAL AVEEAGE OF INDEX NUMBEKS, 
 1867-1877 = 100. 
 
 quarter. 
 
 65.56 
 83.44 
 67.24 
 72.47 
 63.36 
 69.63 
 
 70.15 
 
 II 
 
 quarter. 
 
 65.25 
 83.19 
 69.26 
 69.77 
 61.92 
 68.05 
 
 69.21 
 
 in 
 
 quarter. 
 
 64.71 
 84.54 
 68.03 
 70.83 
 61. 17 
 68.14 
 
 69.24 
 
 IV 
 quarter. 
 
 64.99 
 82.57 
 67.46 
 73.31 
 61.57 
 68.72 
 
 69.52 
 
 PERCENTAGES, 1885-1894=100. 
 
 I 
 
 quarter. 
 
 100. 66 
 100 
 98.88 
 101. 22 
 102. 13 
 101. 34 
 
 100. 89 
 
 II 
 quarter. 
 
 100. 18 
 99.70 
 
 101. 85 
 97.45 
 99.86 
 99.18 
 
 99.54 
 
 III 
 quarter. 
 
 99.35 
 101. 33 
 100. 04 
 98.93 
 98.66 
 99.32 
 
 99.59 
 
 IV 
 quarter. 
 
 99.79 
 98.97 
 99.21 
 
 102. 39 
 99. 30 
 
 100. 16 
 
 99.98 
 
 It confirms generally the conclusion arrived at two years ago. Vegetable food is cheapest in the third quarter, 
 when the harvest begins; it rises in the fourth, and the first quarter is the highest, while the second shows a 
 falling tendency. In the case of animal food the third quarter is on the average the highest, and the last quarter 
 is the lowest, although the spring and summer months are influenced by the low prices of butter. The group of 
 sugar, coffee, and tea is strongly affected by the great sugar speculations in the second quarter of 1889 and 1893, 
 and the averages are therefore not reliable. Materials are in all cases higher during the winter than in the spring and 
 summer quarters, though in the case of minerals some allowance should be made for the great speculation in 
 the winter, 1887-88. For all commodities combined the first quarter is the highest; the fourth quarter comes 
 next, and would have been nearly as high as the first had the year 1891, with its great fall, been left out. The 
 second and third quarters are the lowest, the difference between the first and second amounting to nearly IJ 
 per cent. 
 
 Monthly fluctuations of the index numbers (a) of forty-five commodities, 1867-1877^100. 
 
 YEAE. 
 
 Janu- 
 ary. 
 
 Febru- 
 ary. 
 
 Marcb. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 Septem- 
 ber. 
 
 Octo- 
 ber. 
 
 Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 1885 
 
 72.3 
 
 70 
 
 69.5 
 
 70.9 
 
 72,6 
 
 73.2 
 
 71.1 
 
 70 
 
 68.4 
 
 65.8 
 
 72.6 
 
 70.5 
 
 68.6 
 
 70.6 
 
 73.5 
 
 72.7 
 
 71.5 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 65 
 
 72.6 
 70.1 
 68.3 
 69.9 
 72.1 
 71.5 
 71.7 
 69.1 
 68.1 
 64.3 
 
 72.5 
 
 69.2 
 
 68.4 
 
 69.8 
 
 72 
 
 71.2 
 
 72.4 
 
 68.9 
 
 67.4 
 
 63.8 
 
 73.3 
 69.1 
 68.2 
 68.1 
 71.4 
 70.8 
 72.8 
 68.8 
 67.4 
 63.1 
 
 72.7 
 68.7 
 67.9 
 67.4 
 71.6 
 70.5 
 71.8 
 67.7 
 67.4 
 63.1 
 
 72.2 
 
 68.8 
 
 68.1 
 
 69 
 
 72.6 
 
 71.2 
 
 71.6 
 
 67.8 
 
 67.7 
 
 62.6 
 
 72.2 
 69.1 
 68.3 
 70.1 
 71.4 
 72.8 
 71.9 
 67.4 
 67.1 
 63 
 
 71.1 
 68.9 
 68.2 
 71.9 
 72.1 
 72.2 
 71.7 
 66.8 
 68.2 
 62.7 
 
 70.4 
 68.8 
 67.7 
 72.4 
 72.1 
 72.9 
 70.7 
 67.4 
 68.6 
 61.7 
 
 71.1 
 69.8 
 69.1 
 
 72.7 
 73.7 
 71.2 
 71.4 
 68.2 
 67.8 
 60.8 
 
 70.8 
 
 69.5 
 
 72.4 
 
 73.2 
 
 73.7 
 
 71.1 
 
 71.4 
 
 67.7 
 
 67 
 
 60.1 
 
 72 
 69 
 B8 
 70 
 72 
 72 
 72 
 68 
 68 
 63 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 
 Total 
 
 703.8 
 
 703.9 
 
 697.6 
 
 695.6 
 
 693 
 
 688.8 
 
 691.6 
 
 693.3 
 
 693.8 
 
 692.7 
 
 695.8 
 
 696.9 
 
 694 
 
 
 Percentages, 1885 1894 — 100 
 
 101.4 
 
 101.4 
 
 100.5 
 
 100.2 
 
 99.9 
 
 99.3 
 
 99.7 
 
 99.9 
 
 100 
 
 99.8 
 
 100.3 
 
 100.4 
 
 100 
 
 
 a The twelve monthly figures of each year do not in all cases exactly (in the decimals) agree with the annual averages, as the latter are partly calculated from 
 revised figures. 
 
 As I have been asked to publish a table of the monthly fluctuations, and to draw an average in a similar 
 manner as I had done with the quarterly movements, I now give the above figures for the last ten years, which 
 may be a sufflciently long period for this purpose; but I have to observe that the result can not be fully relied 
 upon, as the monthly fluctuations are often accidental. The same applies here to the December average as in the 
 case of the former table to the fourth quarter. If the year 1891, with its great fall, had been left out, the December 
 average would have been almost as high as the January and February figures. But so far as it goes it shows 
 
MOVEMENT OP PRICES— (SAUERBECK) 
 
 9 
 
 that tlie winter mouths are ou the average higher than the summer months, although the latter had been influenced 
 by the extraordinary movements of sugar in June, 1889 and 1893. The difference between the highest and lowest 
 month is 2 per cent, and the figures in the two tables indicate to what extent allowance has to be made in 
 judging of movements from month to month, or from quarter to quarter. 
 
 The following figures show in each case the. average index numbers of all the forty-five commodities of ten 
 years (see the dotted line in the diagram of the Journal, 1886) ; they give the best picture of the gradual 
 movement of the average prices of whole periods, as the ordinary fluctuations are still further obliterated: 
 
 1818-1827 = 111 
 1828-1837= 93 
 1838-1847= 93 
 1848-1857= 89 
 1858-1867= 99 
 1868-1877 = 100 
 
 1874-1883 = 90 
 
 1875-1884 = 87 
 1876-1885 = 85 
 1877-1886 = 82 
 1878-1887 = 79 
 1879-1888 = 78 
 
 1880-1889 = 76 
 1881-1890 = 75 
 1882-1891 = 74 
 1883-1892 = 72 
 1884-1893 = 71 
 1885-1894 = 69 
 
 The arithmetical mean of the forty-five index numbers, which is 63 for 1894, has, as in former years, again 
 been subjected to two tests : 
 
 Firstly, by using the same index numbers of the separate articles, but calculating each article according to its 
 importance in the United Kingdom on the average of the three years 1889-1891, when the mean for 1894 is 62.0 
 against 67.1 in 1893. 
 
 Secondly, by calculating the quantities in the United Kingdom at their actual values (the production on the 
 basis of my price tables, the imports at board of trade values, and consequently a considerable portion according 
 to a different set of prices) and at the nominal values on the basis of the average prices from 1867-1877. In this 
 case the mean is 64.3 against 68.0 in 1893. That the figure is somewhat higher than the ordinary index number is 
 partly due to the still high export price of coals, and partly to the fact that in a falling market the import values 
 declared to the board of trade must on the average necessarily be higher than the prices ultimately realized. 
 
 The following table gives the figures which have served for the second test (see also the Society's Journal, / 
 1886, pp. 613-619) : . t' 
 
 Movements of forty-five commodities in the United Kingdom {production and imports). 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Estimated 
 
 actual value in 
 
 eacli period 
 
 Nominal values at 
 
 average prices 
 
 of 1867-1877 
 
 showing increase 
 in (luantities. 
 
 Movement of 
 
 quantities, 
 
 1848-1850 
 
 = 100. 
 
 Movement of quantities 
 from period to period. 
 
 Eatio 
 
 of prices 
 
 according to 
 
 this table, 
 
 1867-1877 
 
 = 100. 
 
 Average, 1848-1850 
 
 1859-1861 
 
 1869-1871 
 
 1874-1876 
 
 1879-18S1 
 
 1884-1886 
 
 1889-1891 
 
 1892 
 
 219, 800, 000 
 350. 100, 000 
 456, 600, 000 
 537, 800, 000 
 489, 700, 000 
 445, 700, OOO 
 504, 100, 000 
 482, 900, 000 
 445, 800, 000 
 448, 400, 000 
 
 S,. 
 294, 800, 000 
 382, 700, 000 
 484, 600, 000 
 538, 400, 000 
 578, 500, 000 
 610, 100, 000 
 
 685, 200, 000 
 
 686, 500, 000 
 655, 300, 000 
 696, 800, 000 
 
 100 
 130 
 164 
 183 
 196 
 207 
 233 
 233 
 223 
 236 
 
 
 74.6 
 91.5 
 94.2 
 99.9 
 84,6 
 73.0 
 73.6 
 70.3 
 68.0 
 64.3 
 
 30 per cent over 1849 
 
 27 per cent over 1860 
 
 19 per cent over 1870 
 
 18 per cent over 1880 
 
 1893 
 
 
 1894(11) 
 
 
 
 
 a 1894 subject to correction after publication of the mineral produce returns. 
 
 The nominal values at the uniform prices of 1867-1877 show the exact movement of quantities in the aggregate. 
 The quantities have remained practically unchanged on the average of the last six years; during the three years 
 1889-1891 they were 18 per cent larger than in 1880, and 133 per cent larger than in 1849. There was a 
 considerable decrease in 1893, principally owing to diminished supplies of coals and cotton, while the figure for 
 1894 is barely 2 per cent higher than 1889-1891. The actual value in 1894 was less than the average of 1869-1871, 
 although the quantities were 44 per cent larger. 
 
 Construction of the tables. 
 
 The table of index numbers is based on the average prices of the eleven years 1867-1877, and the index 
 numbers have been calculated in the ordinary arithmetical way; for instance, English wheat: 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Average, 1867-1877 54 6 = 100, average point. 
 
 Average, 1855 74 8 = 137, or 37 per cent above the average point. 
 
 Average, 1894 22 11 = 41, or 59 per cent below the average point. 
 
 The index numbers therefore represent simple percentages qf the average point. 
 461 2 
 
10 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PEICES— (SAUEEBECK). 
 
 Certain articles which appear to have something in common have been grouped together, with the following 
 result : 
 
 1. Vegefcaljle food, corn, etc. (wheat, flour, baxley, oats, maize, potatoes, and rice) . 
 2 Animal food (beef, mutton, pork, bacon^ and batter) , 
 
 3. Sugar, coffee, and tea 
 
 1-3. Food 
 
 4. Minerals (iron, copper, tin, lead, and coals) 
 
 5. Textiles (cotton, Hax, hemp, jute, wool, and silk) 
 
 6. Sundry materials (bides, leather, tallow, oils, soda, nitrate, indigo, and timber) 
 
 4-6. Materials 
 
 General average 
 
 With 8 index numbers . 
 With 7 index numbers . 
 With 4 index numbers- 
 
 Witb 19 index numbers 
 
 With 7 index numbers - 
 With 8 index numbers. 
 With 11 index numbers 
 
 With 26 index numbers 
 
 With 45 index numbers 
 
 EXAMPLE FOE 1894. 
 
 Total 
 numbers. 
 
 439 
 560 
 260 
 
 445 
 424 
 704 
 
 2,832 
 
 Average. 
 
 55 
 80 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 53 
 64 
 
 The general average is drawn from all forty-five descriptions, which are treated as of equal value, and is the 
 simple arithmetical mean as shown above. 
 
 Average prices of commodities, (a) 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 4 
 
 BAKLEY. 
 
 5 
 
 G 
 
 ! 
 
 8 
 
 1-8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Silver. (6) 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 FLOOE. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 MAIZE. 
 
 POTATOES. 
 
 (a) 
 
 BICE. 
 
 Vegetable 
 food, 
 total. 
 
 BEEF. (C) 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 EngUsb 
 Gazette. 
 
 American. 
 
 Town- 
 made 
 white. 
 
 EngUsb 
 Gazette. 
 
 English 
 Gazette. 
 
 American 
 mixed. 
 
 Good Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 Eangoon 
 
 cargoes to 
 
 arrive. 
 
 Prime. 
 
 1880 
 
 Per oz. 
 
 d. 
 52i 
 51iJ 
 61| 
 50A 
 50 ii 
 481 
 45§ 
 44S 
 42J 
 42!>- 
 47B 
 
 39{| 
 35| 
 
 28-1-8 
 
 Per qr. 
 s. d. 
 
 44 4 
 
 45 4 
 45 1 
 41 7 
 35 8 
 32 10 
 
 31 
 
 32 6 
 31 10 
 
 29 9 
 31 11 
 37 
 
 30 3 
 26 4 
 22 11 
 
 Per qr. 
 s. d. 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 48 6 
 45 
 
 36 6 
 35 
 35 
 
 34 
 
 37 
 
 35 
 35 6 
 40 
 33 
 27 6 
 23 6 
 
 Per sack 
 (iSOlbs.). 
 s. 
 39 
 40 
 40 
 36 
 31 
 29 
 28 
 28 
 30 
 29 
 29 
 33 
 28 
 26 
 22 
 
 Per qr, 
 s. d. 
 33 1 
 31 11 
 31 2 
 31 10 
 30 8 
 30 1 
 
 26 7 
 25 4 
 
 27 10 
 
 25 10 
 
 28 8 
 28 2 
 
 26 2 
 25 7 
 24 6 
 
 Per qr. 
 s. d. 
 23 1 
 21 9 
 21 10 
 21 5 
 20 3 
 20 7 
 
 19 
 16 3 
 
 16 9 
 
 17 9 
 
 18 7 
 
 20 
 
 19 10 
 18 9 
 17 1 
 
 Per qr. 
 s. 
 
 25J 
 27J 
 31 
 27J 
 25i 
 23 
 21 
 21i 
 234 
 20 
 20 
 28 
 21| 
 20 
 20 
 
 Per ton. 
 s. 
 
 130 
 85 
 95 
 105 
 75 
 75 
 80 
 85 
 80 
 80 
 70 
 92 
 70 
 65 
 70 
 
 Per cult, 
 s. d. 
 9 1 
 8 4 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 1 
 7 8 
 7 
 6 7 
 
 6 10 
 
 7 1 
 7 3 
 7 3 
 7 11 
 7 8 
 6 2 
 
 
 Per S lbs. 
 d. 
 
 1881 
 
 
 56 
 
 1882 
 
 
 60 
 
 1883 
 
 
 
 1884 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 
 52 
 
 1880 
 
 
 49 
 
 1887 
 
 
 43 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 1890 
 
 
 47 
 
 1891 
 
 
 47 
 
 1892 
 
 
 47 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average, 1885-1894 
 
 42J 
 
 50 
 
 58i 
 
 30i 
 
 40 
 
 54J 
 
 33* 
 43i 
 56 
 
 28 
 
 34* 
 
 46 
 
 27 
 
 31* 
 
 39 
 
 18* 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 25 
 32i 
 
 77 
 102 
 117 
 
 64 
 8 
 10 
 
 
 47i 
 59 
 
 1878-1887 
 
 
 1867-1877 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [Index numbers (or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 100.] 
 
 1880 
 
 85.9 
 
 86 
 
 84.9 
 
 83.1 
 
 83.3 
 
 79.9 
 
 74.6 
 
 73.3 
 
 70.4 
 
 70.2 
 
 78.4 
 
 74.1 
 
 65.4 
 
 58.6 
 
 47.6 
 
 81 
 83 
 83 
 76 
 65 
 60 
 57 
 60 
 68 
 55 
 59 
 68 
 66 
 48 
 41 
 
 91 
 93 
 . 87 
 80 
 65 
 62 
 62 
 61 
 66 
 63 
 63 
 71 
 59 
 50 
 42 
 
 85 
 87 
 87 
 78 
 65 
 63 
 61 
 61 
 65 
 63 
 63 
 72 
 61 
 54 
 48 
 
 85 
 82 
 80 
 82 
 79 
 77 
 68 
 65 
 71 
 66 
 73 
 72 
 67 
 66 
 63 
 
 89 
 84 
 84 
 82 
 78 
 79 
 73 
 63 
 64 
 69 
 72 
 77 
 76 
 72 
 66 
 
 79 
 85 
 95 
 85 
 78 
 71 
 65 
 65 
 72 
 61 
 61 
 86 
 67 
 61 
 61 
 
 111 
 73 
 81 
 90 
 64 
 64 
 69 
 73 
 69 
 69 
 60 
 79 
 60 
 56 
 60 
 
 91 
 83 
 74 
 81 
 77 
 70 
 66 
 68 
 71 
 72 
 72 
 79 
 77 
 62 
 58 
 
 712 
 670 
 671 
 654 
 571 
 546 
 521 
 516 
 636 
 518 
 523 
 604 
 623 
 469 
 439 
 
 98 
 
 1881 
 
 95 
 
 1882 
 
 
 1883 
 
 
 1884 
 
 98 
 
 1885 
 
 88 
 
 1886 
 
 S3 
 
 1887 
 
 73 
 
 1888, 
 
 81 
 
 1889 
 
 80 
 
 1890 
 
 
 1891 
 
 80 
 
 1893 
 
 80 
 
 1893 
 
 81 
 
 1894 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 a The annual prices are the averages of 12 monthly or 52 weekly quotations ; potatoes of 8 monthly quotations, January to April and September to December. 
 6 Index numbers of silver as compared with 60.84d. per ounce being the parity between gold and silver at 1-15^ ; not included in the general average, 
 c Meat (9-13), by the carcass, in the London meat market. 
 
MOVEMENT OF PEICES— (SAUERBECK). 
 
 Average prices of commodities — Continued. 
 
 11 
 
 Number of article . 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885.... 
 
 1886 , 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 , 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 Average, 1885-1894. 
 1878-1887. 
 1867-1877. 
 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 10 
 
 Mid- 
 dling. 
 
 Per S lbs. 
 d. 
 49 
 48 
 51 
 51 
 49 
 44 
 40 
 36 
 39 
 39 
 38 
 40 
 38 
 39 
 37 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Prime. 
 
 PerSlbs. 
 d. 
 66 
 69 
 72 
 73 
 64 
 56 
 62 
 52 
 58 
 63 
 59 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 55 
 
 56i 
 64i 
 63 
 
 Mid- 
 dlins. 
 
 Per 8 lbs. 
 d. 
 54 
 57 
 60 
 61 
 53 
 47 
 50 
 42 
 47 
 50 
 45 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 18 
 
 Large and 
 
 small, 
 average. 
 
 14 
 
 "Water- 
 ford. 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 d. 
 
 s. 
 
 55 
 
 76 
 
 54 
 
 76 
 
 51 
 
 74 
 
 49 
 
 72 
 
 48 
 
 70 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 45 
 
 67 
 
 43 
 
 61 
 
 40 
 
 61 
 
 43 
 
 66 
 
 42 
 
 62 
 
 39 
 
 63 
 
 48 
 
 68 
 
 50 
 
 68 
 
 44 
 
 59 
 
 44 
 
 64i 
 
 49 
 
 71 
 
 52 
 
 74 
 
 16 
 
 Friesland, 
 tine to 
 finest. 
 
 125 
 123 
 125 
 123 
 120 
 111 
 100 
 103 
 100 
 102 
 100 
 106 
 108 
 106 
 98 
 
 103 
 116 
 125 
 
 9-15 
 
 Animal 
 food, 
 total. 
 
 16a 
 
 16b 
 
 17 
 
 British 
 
 "West 
 
 Indian 
 
 refining. 
 
 20i 
 21i 
 20 
 19 
 
 m 
 
 13* 
 111 
 
 Hi 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 13i 
 
 13i 
 
 14i 
 
 Hi 
 
 13i 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 Beet, Ger- 
 man, 88 p. 
 c., f. o. b. 
 
 21i 
 
 22 
 
 2U 
 
 20J 
 
 13i 
 
 14i 
 
 Hi 
 
 124 
 
 13i 
 
 16i 
 
 12* 
 
 13* 
 
 13J 
 
 15 
 
 Hi 
 
 Java, 
 iioating 
 cargoes. 
 
 Per cvjt. 
 s. 
 25i 
 265 
 25J 
 24i 
 174 
 17* 
 Wi 
 Hi 
 16 
 19 
 15i 
 15i 
 16 
 17i 
 133 
 
 13* 
 18 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 21* 
 
 28* 
 
 18a (a) 18b (a) 
 
 Ceylon 
 plantation, 
 low mid- 
 dling. 
 
 [Index numbers (or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 100.] 
 
 98 
 
 lO.i 
 
 98 
 
 96 
 
 109 
 
 104 
 
 102 
 
 114 
 
 109 
 
 102 
 
 116 
 
 111 
 
 98 
 
 102 
 
 96 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 98 
 
 91 
 
 72 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 92 
 
 85 
 
 78 
 
 100 
 
 91 
 
 76 
 
 91 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 84 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 87 
 
 76 
 
 106 
 
 103 
 
 104 
 
 103 
 
 98 
 
 100 
 
 94 
 
 97 
 
 92 
 
 95 
 
 87 
 
 92 
 
 87 
 
 91 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 89 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 85 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 96 
 
 92 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 708 
 
 98 
 
 709 
 
 100 
 
 725 
 
 98 
 
 722 
 
 96 
 
 677 
 
 89 
 
 618 
 
 80 
 
 610 
 
 82 
 
 551 
 
 80 
 
 . 575 
 
 82 
 
 603 
 
 SO 
 
 577 
 
 85 
 
 565 
 
 86 
 
 586 
 
 85 
 
 592 
 
 78 
 
 560 
 
 92 
 87 
 84 
 56 
 59 
 50 
 52 
 57 
 69 
 54 
 57 
 58 
 62 
 48 
 
 Rio, 
 
 good 
 
 channel. 
 
 87 
 
 80 
 
 65 1 
 
 76 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 68 
 
 90 
 
 80 
 
 95 
 101 
 101 
 104 
 103 
 102 
 
 61 
 49 
 39 
 43 
 47 
 39 
 46 
 78 
 61 
 76 
 83 
 76 
 68 
 81 
 75 
 
 69 
 52 
 64 
 
 (o) 
 
 100 
 
 95 
 
 92 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 61 
 
 87 
 
 67 
 
 91 
 
 74 
 
 69 
 
 61 
 
 78 
 
 72 
 
 104 
 
 122 
 
 92 
 
 100 
 
 109 
 
 119 
 
 116 
 
 130 
 
 116 
 
 119 
 
 120 
 
 106 
 
 118 
 
 127 
 
 117 
 
 117 
 
 a Index numbers not included in the general average. 
 
12 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PEIOES— (SAUERBECK). 
 Average prices of commodities — Continued. 
 
 Number of article. 
 
 18 
 
 ISa (o) 
 
 19b (o) 
 
 19 
 
 16-19 
 
 1-19 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 Meau of 
 
 18a and 
 
 18b. 
 
 Congou, 
 common. 
 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882., 
 1883. 
 1884., 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 Average, 1885-1S94. 
 1878-1887. 
 1867-1877. 
 
 18S0.. 
 1881. , 
 1882., 
 1883., 
 1884., 
 1885., 
 1836., 
 1887., 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 97 
 84 
 68 
 77 
 73 
 65 
 76 
 113 
 96 
 114 
 123 
 118 
 113 
 123 
 117 
 
 Per 
 
 lb. 
 d. 
 Si 
 64 
 
 5 
 5i 
 
 H 
 
 6i 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 4i 
 5i 
 
 4J 
 5| 
 4i 
 
 5 
 
 n 
 
 Hi 
 
 Average 
 import 
 price. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 d. 
 
 13.47 
 
 12.82 
 
 • 12. 58 
 
 12.46 
 
 11.78 
 
 12.06 
 
 11.77 
 
 10.58 
 
 10.99 
 
 10.79 
 
 10.65 
 
 10.70 
 
 10.07 
 
 9.74 
 
 9.66 
 
 Mean of 
 
 19a and 
 
 19b. 
 
 Sugar, 
 
 colfee, and 
 
 tea, 
 
 total. 
 
 Food, 
 total. 
 
 Scotch pig. 
 
 Fer ton. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 54 6 
 
 49 I 
 
 49 4 
 
 46 9 
 42 1 
 
 41 10 
 39 11 
 
 42 3 
 39 11 
 
 47 9 
 
 47 
 
 41 10 
 
 42 4 
 42 8 
 
 lOJ 
 ]2i 
 17i 
 
 43i 
 
 46 
 
 69 
 
 Chile bars. 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 
 6i 
 5i 
 5i 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 63 
 62 
 
 English 
 tough 
 cake. 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 68 
 67 
 71 
 67 
 59 
 47 
 44 
 47 
 78 
 54 
 59 
 65 
 48 
 47 
 43 
 
 [Index numbers (or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 
 
 (a) 
 78 
 68 
 45 
 49 
 66 
 58 
 58 
 44 
 36 
 38 
 40 
 49 
 43 
 48 
 
 a) 
 78 
 75 
 73 
 72 
 68 
 70 
 69 
 62 
 64 
 63 
 62 
 62 
 59 
 67 
 56 
 
 353 
 335 
 303 
 307 
 253 
 250 
 239 
 269 
 259 
 300 
 282 
 285 
 278 
 299 
 260 
 
 1,773 
 1,714 
 1,699 
 1,683 
 1,601 
 1,414 
 1,370 
 1,336 
 1,370 
 1,421 
 1,382 
 1,454 
 1,387 
 1,360 
 1,259 
 
 71 
 71 
 69 
 61 
 60 
 68 
 61 
 68 
 69 
 72 
 68 
 61 
 61 
 62 
 
 70 
 76 
 70 
 62 
 69 
 56 
 56 
 59 
 
 66 
 61 
 69 
 
 84 
 83 
 88 
 84 
 72 
 57 
 53 
 59 
 108 
 68 
 72 
 68 
 60 
 59 
 53 
 
 Straits. 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 
 93 
 
 W2 
 
 93 
 
 81 
 
 87 
 
 98 
 
 112 
 
 117 
 
 93 
 
 94 
 
 91 
 
 93 
 
 85 
 
 63 
 
 97 
 89 
 77 
 83 
 93 
 107 
 111 
 89 
 90 
 87 
 89 
 81 
 65 
 
 a Index numbers not included in the general average. 
 
MOVEMENT OF PEIGES— (SAUERBECK). 
 Average prices of commodities — Continued. 
 
 13 
 
 Number of article. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 1880.. 
 1881.. 
 1882., 
 1883.. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 Average 1885-1894. 
 1878-1887. 
 1867-1877. 
 
 24 
 
 English 
 pig- 
 
 Per ion. 
 s. 
 
 16i 
 15J 
 
 144 
 12| 
 
 Hi 
 
 111 
 
 13i 
 124 
 13| 
 13 
 13i 
 12J 
 lOJ 
 9i 
 91 
 
 1880.. 
 1881.. 
 1882. . 
 1883.. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 25 
 
 36 
 
 20-26 
 
 "Wallsend 
 Hett.ou in 
 London. 
 
 12 
 14 
 20J 
 
 Per ton. 
 s. 
 
 15J 
 17 
 17 
 18 
 16J 
 16i 
 16 
 16 
 16i 
 ]7i 
 19 
 19 
 18J 
 191 
 164 
 
 80 
 74 
 71 
 63 
 55 
 57 
 65 
 63 
 68 
 63 
 65 
 61 
 52 
 48 
 47 
 
 Average 
 export 
 price. 
 
 8.95 
 8.97 
 9.14 
 9.35 
 9.29 
 8.95 
 8.45 
 8.32 
 8.41 
 10.21 
 12.62 
 12.16 
 11.04 
 9.90 
 10.51 
 
 17* 
 16J 
 
 10 
 9 
 12» 
 
 Minerals, 
 total. 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 Middling 
 TTplanda. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 6lB 
 
 68 
 5i 
 6 
 
 5i 
 54 
 
 R 9 
 
 6 
 4A 
 
 Fair 
 DhoUerah, 
 
 29a 
 
 29b 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 51 
 H 
 4ft 
 
 4i 
 
 3J 
 
 4i 
 
 3il 
 
 3J 
 
 3 
 
 3A 
 
 2f 
 
 St. Peters- 
 burg 12 
 bead best. 
 
 3ft 
 6J 
 
 per ton. 
 £ 
 35 
 324 
 294 
 30 
 294 
 34 
 35 
 
 27 
 28 
 28 
 34 
 32 
 
 304 
 
 33 
 
 46 
 
 Russian, 
 average 
 import. 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 40 
 33 
 304 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 314 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 314 
 
 33 
 
 30a 
 
 30b 
 
 Manila, 
 
 fair 
 roping. 
 
 30 
 34 
 48 
 
 Per ton, 
 £ 
 30 
 43 
 46 
 46 
 38 
 35 
 29 
 34 
 37 
 50 
 39 
 32 
 28 
 26 
 22 
 
 St. Peters- 
 burg, 
 clean. 
 
 Per to7i. 
 £ 
 23 
 24 
 24 
 26 
 29 
 29 
 29 
 29 
 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 33 
 
 354 
 
 43 
 
 [Index numbers (or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 100.] 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 73 
 
 82 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 68 
 
 73 
 
 67 
 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 101 
 
 86 
 
 97 
 
 84 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 80 
 
 75 
 
 84 
 
 551 
 536 
 ;i53 
 532 
 476 
 463 
 466 
 486 
 546 
 527 
 563 
 635 
 500 
 479 
 445 
 
 77 
 71 
 74 
 64 
 67 
 62 
 57 
 62 
 62 
 66 
 67 
 52 
 46 
 51 
 42 
 
 78 
 65 
 64 
 58 
 59 
 63 
 53 
 53 
 58 
 61 
 58 
 48 
 45 
 53 
 39 
 
 79 
 70 
 64 
 65 
 64 
 73 
 75 
 68 
 61 
 60 
 56 
 57 
 57 
 70 
 
 68 
 86 
 90 
 92 
 86 
 82 
 74 
 81 
 81 
 97 
 82 
 72 
 67 
 64 
 59 
 
 31 
 
 Good 
 medium. 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 
 26 
 
 264 
 
 35 
 
 18J 
 
 184 
 
 15 
 
 14i 
 
 134 
 
 12 
 
 llj 
 
 12i 
 
 13J 
 
 15 
 
 13i 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 12i 
 
 13 
 15 
 19 
 
 98 
 79 
 75 
 71 
 63 
 61 
 64 
 70 
 79 
 70 
 68 
 79 
 68 
 66 
 
14 
 
 MOVEMENT OP PEICES— (SAUEEBEGK). 
 
 Average prices of commodities — Continued. 
 
 
 32a 
 
 32b 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 27-34 
 
 85a 
 
 35b 
 
 36 
 
 87a 
 
 37b 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 wool,. 
 
 SILK. 
 
 Textiles, 
 total. 
 
 HIDES. 
 
 LEATHEB. 
 
 TALLOW. 
 
 OIL. 
 
 TEAE. 
 
 Merino, 
 Port PMl- 
 
 lip, aver- 
 age fleece. 
 
 Merino, 
 
 Adelaide, 
 
 average 
 
 greaoe. 
 
 English, 
 Lincoln, 
 half hogs. 
 
 Tsatlee. 
 
 Kiver 
 Plate, dry. 
 
 River Plate, 
 salted. 
 
 Crop hides, 
 30-45 lbs. 
 
 St. Peters- 
 burg, Y. C. 
 
 Town. 
 
 Palm. 
 
 1880 - .-.. 
 
 Per m. 
 d. 
 ^1* 
 19* 
 
 in 
 
 19 
 
 |8i 
 
 16* 
 
 isi 
 
 15| 
 
 15J 
 
 175 
 
 16 
 
 14J 
 
 13 
 
 12i 
 
 nj 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 
 m 
 
 9i 
 9 
 
 8i 
 8* 
 6i 
 6f 
 7 
 7 
 8i 
 .7J 
 6| 
 6 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 
 m 
 
 12§ 
 Hi 
 10 
 
 io 
 io 
 
 m 
 
 105 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 8i 
 lOJ 
 lOJ 
 
 Per lb. 
 s. 
 15 
 15f 
 151 
 161 
 14J 
 12i 
 13i 
 
 m 
 
 13 
 
 13* 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 12i 
 
 12* 
 
 10 
 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 
 9i 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 8i 
 
 8 
 
 7| 
 
 6i 
 
 6i 
 
 5i 
 
 5* 
 
 5i 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 7* 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 51 
 
 6i 
 
 4J 
 
 5 
 
 54 
 5i 
 •41 
 
 4J 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 15i 
 16J 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 14 
 13J 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 12i 
 
 Per mot. 
 s. 
 '41 
 42 
 52 
 50 
 47 
 38 
 31 
 31 
 36 
 38 
 38 
 40 
 45 
 48 
 48 
 
 Per cwt. 
 s. 
 36 
 38 
 44 
 43 
 37J 
 30i 
 26 
 24 
 28 
 27 
 26 
 27i 
 27 
 30J 
 25* 
 
 Per ton. 
 S, 
 32 
 
 1881 - . . ^ 
 
 
 3'> 
 
 18S2 j--- 
 
 
 35 
 
 1883 J..- 
 
 
 
 1884 j.-. 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 
 30 
 
 1886 . :.-- 
 
 
 24 
 
 1887 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 1890 
 
 
 07 
 
 1891 
 
 
 26 
 
 1892 
 
 
 24 
 
 1893 
 
 
 28 
 
 1891 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average, 1885-1894 
 
 15 
 
 18i 
 
 21i 
 
 Si 
 
 9| 
 
 lOJ 
 
 Hi 
 
 19i 
 
 13 
 15 
 23 
 
 
 6* 
 
 85 
 
 9 
 
 58 
 6| 
 
 7 
 
 131 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 39 
 41 
 45 
 
 27 
 
 35i 
 
 45 
 
 25 
 
 1878-1887 
 
 
 32i 
 39 
 
 1867-1877 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [Index numbers (or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 100.] 
 
 
 
 77 
 63 
 57 
 51 
 51 
 50 
 51 
 54 
 53 
 56 
 56 
 49 
 44 
 52 
 51 
 
 65 
 
 68 
 68 
 68 
 63 
 55 
 60 
 63 
 67 
 59 
 61 
 57 
 53 
 54 
 43 
 
 646 . 
 
 613 
 
 588 
 
 562 
 
 546 
 
 521 
 
 601 
 
 517 
 
 514 
 
 560 
 
 526 
 
 473 
 
 452 
 
 472 
 
 424 
 
 
 97 
 95 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 87 
 84 
 81 
 81 
 81 
 81 
 78 
 
 
 
 1880 
 
 103 
 92 
 92 
 89 
 85 
 73 
 70 
 72 
 72 
 82 
 76 
 70 
 61 
 60 
 5'< 
 
 105 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 95 
 85 
 88 
 73 
 70 
 70 
 66 
 63 
 65 
 64 
 
 86 
 89 
 107 
 103 
 94 
 76 
 63 
 61 
 71 
 72 
 71 
 75 
 80 
 87 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 
 82 
 
 1882 . ... 
 
 90 
 
 
 105 
 
 1881 
 
 92 
 
 
 77 
 
 1886 
 
 61 
 
 1887 
 
 56 
 
 1888 .... 
 
 56 
 
 
 64 
 
 1890 
 
 69 
 
 
 67 
 
 1892 
 
 ■ 61 
 
 1893 
 
 72 
 
 1894 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MOVEMENT OF PEICES— (SAUERBECK). 
 
 Average prices of commodities — Continued. 
 
 15 
 
 Number of article . 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 Average, 1885-1894 
 1878-1887 
 1867-1877 
 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 39 
 
 10a 
 
 Olive. 
 
 Per tun. 
 
 Linseed. 
 
 Per tun. 
 £ 
 27 
 20 
 23 
 20 
 20 
 22 
 20i 
 20i 
 18J 
 20 
 23 
 21 
 18* 
 20i 
 20i 
 
 20* 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 40b 
 
 Linseed. 
 
 Per qr. 
 s. 
 
 54 
 50 
 44 
 43 
 43 
 44 
 42 
 
 41 
 
 PETEO- 
 LBUM. (O) 
 
 Eefined. 
 
 Per gall, 
 d. 
 
 6 
 
 6i 
 
 6b 
 
 6| 
 
 5J 
 
 ei 
 
 61 
 
 5J 
 
 5f 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 CrystaLs. 
 
 Per ton. 
 s. 
 74 
 65 
 63 
 66 
 65 
 55 
 49 
 50 
 48 
 51 
 61 
 64 
 66 
 58 
 42 
 
 5i 
 a 12i 
 
 43 
 
 Nitrate 
 of .soda. 
 
 Per cvjt. 
 s. 
 
 154 
 14* 
 13J 
 llj 
 9i 
 lOJ 
 10 
 9* 
 10 
 Si 
 Si 
 8i 
 8i 
 
 9J 
 
 44 
 
 Bengal, 
 good con- 
 suming. 
 
 Per lb. 
 s. 
 
 n 
 
 6i 
 
 Si 
 
 6i 
 6 
 
 5i 
 
 5 
 
 4| 
 
 <4 
 
 i\ 
 
 4i 
 
 4i 
 
 4i 
 5* 
 
 9i 
 12* 
 
 14 
 
 45a 
 
 45b 
 
 Hewn, 
 average 
 import. 
 
 Sawn or 
 
 split, 
 average 
 import. 
 
 Per load. Per load. 
 
 51 
 52 
 52 
 48 
 48 
 43 
 38 
 41 
 47 
 44 
 40 
 40 
 38 
 
 41* 
 
 47 
 
 60 
 
 35-45 
 
 Sundry 
 mate- 
 rials, 
 total. 
 
 20-45 
 
 Mate- 
 rials, 
 total. 
 
 [Index numbers {or percentages) of prices, the average of 1867-1877 being 100.] 
 
 9u 
 85 
 75 
 68 
 69 
 73 
 69 
 65 
 63 
 69 
 73 
 70 
 64 
 69 
 65 
 
 (a) 
 60 
 
 58 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 55 
 
 47 
 
 45 
 
 52 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 80 
 
 111 
 
 71 
 
 101 
 
 69 
 
 95 
 
 72 
 
 80 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 75 
 
 53 
 
 71 
 
 54 
 
 68 
 
 52 
 
 71 
 
 55 
 
 68 
 
 66 
 
 61 
 
 70 
 
 63 
 
 72 
 
 63 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
 46 
 
 66 
 
 90 
 86 
 83 
 72 
 69 
 66 
 66 
 62 
 59 
 66 
 63 
 76 
 69 
 
 89 
 
 82 
 81 
 76 
 70 
 74 
 84 
 79 
 73 
 74 
 71 
 70 
 
 1-45 
 
 Grand 
 total. 
 
 982 
 
 2,179 
 
 942 
 
 2,091 
 
 933 
 
 2,074 
 
 920 
 
 2,014 
 
 885 
 
 1,907 
 
 836 
 
 1,820 
 
 764 
 
 1,731 
 
 735 
 
 1,738 
 
 737 
 
 1,797 
 
 744 
 
 1,831 
 
 756 
 
 1,845 
 
 762 
 
 1,770 
 
 732 
 
 1,684 
 
 753 
 
 1,704 
 
 704 
 
 1,573 
 
 3,952 
 3,805 
 3,773 
 3,697 
 3,408 
 3,234 
 3,101 
 3,074 
 3,167 
 3,252 
 3,227 
 3,224 
 3,071 
 3,064 
 2, 832 
 
 a Petroleum as compared with the averagefrom 1873-1877 only. 
 
16 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PEICES— (ECONOMIST). 
 
 Wholesale Prices of Commodities, mainly in London and Manchester— Average Six Tears, 1845- 
 
 1850; Selected Dates, 1879-1893; and Monthly, 1894. 
 
 [ITrom the London Economist. Commercial History and Keview of 1894.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [ 
 
 (n.) WHEAT 
 
 {ENGLAND AND WALES), 
 
 POTATOES 
 
 (BOEOCGH), AND 
 
 
 
 (I.) COLONIAL AND 
 
 TROPICAL PEODUCE (FOOD). 
 
 
 
 
 
 BUTCHERS' 5IEAT (SMITHFIP.LD MARKET). 
 
 
 --. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 DATES. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 
 Sug 
 
 ar. 
 
 
 
 Rum. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Tobaoco. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Beef. 
 
 Mutton. 
 
 1 
 
 Pork. 
 
 
 Jamaica. 
 
 nrd. to 
 
 fine ord. 
 
 Brit. plan. ; 
 brown. 
 
 Beng.al 
 gd. yellow 
 and wbite. 
 
 Jamaica. 
 15 to 
 25 0. p. 
 
 Congou 
 mid. com. 
 to fr. gd. 
 
 Virginia 
 leaf, i 
 
 "Water- 
 ford. 
 
 Gazette 
 price. 
 
 Good 
 English. 
 
 Inferior 
 mid. 
 
 Prime 
 large. 
 
 Middling. 
 
 Prime. 
 
 Large. 
 
 
 Ver cwt. 
 
 F&r cir^t. 
 
 Per czvt 
 
 
 Per gall. 
 
 Pm- lb. 
 
 Per lb 
 
 
 Per cu!t. 
 
 Per qr. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per 8 lbs. 
 
 Per S lbs. 
 
 Per S lbs. 
 
 Per S Vis. 
 
 Per 8 Uis. 
 
 
 s. s. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. s. d. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. s. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. s. 
 
 i. 
 
 s. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 1845-1850 
 
 44 ®54 
 
 28 
 
 0®30 
 
 36 
 
 0®49 
 
 
 
 34®38 
 30to35o.p 
 
 H 
 
 4i®0 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 34®36 
 
 38®40 
 
 42®46 
 
 48®50 
 
 39®47 
 
 Jan. 1,1879.. 
 
 69 ®82 
 
 17 
 
 0®20 6 
 
 19 
 
 0®23 
 
 
 
 30®32 
 
 7i®13 
 
 4 ®0 10 
 
 103 
 
 39 7 
 
 120 
 
 ° 
 
 42® 48 
 
 52® 56 
 
 48® 56 
 
 58® 64 
 
 42® 48 
 
 Jan. 1,1880.. 
 
 68 ®80 
 
 20 
 
 6®24 6 
 
 21 
 
 6®26 
 
 
 
 40® 42 
 
 11 ®15 
 
 4J®0 lU 
 
 117 
 
 46 11 
 
 145 
 
 
 
 36®48 
 
 52®56 
 
 44® 50 
 
 52®60 
 
 48®52 
 
 Jan. 1.1881.. 
 
 55 ®65 
 
 18 
 
 6®21 6 
 
 19 
 
 0®23 
 
 
 
 31®33 
 
 74®11 
 
 4i®0 10 
 
 119 
 
 43 4 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 52®56 
 
 56®58 
 
 60® 68 
 
 60® 72 
 
 60® 66 
 
 Jan. 1,1882.. 
 
 43 ®55 
 
 19 
 
 6®22 6 
 
 21 
 
 6®25 
 
 
 
 45®48 
 
 6 ®10J 6 ®1 
 
 3 
 
 127 
 
 44 3 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 44®48 
 
 54® 58 
 
 42®46 
 
 50® 60 
 
 46® 54 
 
 Jan. 1,1883.. 
 
 34 ®45 
 
 16 
 
 6®20 
 
 19 
 
 0®23 
 
 
 
 33®38 
 
 5 ® 9 
 
 5 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 118 
 
 40 11 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 40®48 
 
 56®62 
 
 63®70 
 
 75®80 
 
 48®52 
 
 Jan. 1,1884.- 
 
 44 ®60 
 
 16 
 
 6®19 
 
 18 
 
 0®22 
 
 
 
 30® 36 
 
 7 ®10 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 3 
 
 112 
 
 39 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 38®44 
 
 56®62 
 
 52®60 
 
 62®70 
 
 44®48 
 
 Jan. 1,1885.. 
 Jan. 1,1886-. 
 Jan. 1,1887.. 
 Jan. 1,1888.. 
 Jan. 1,1889.. 
 
 40 ®52 
 38 ®46 
 60 ®70 
 
 78 ®85 
 
 79 ®90 
 
 9 
 
 6®12 
 
 
 
 
 2a®34 
 
 5J® 9 
 71®10 
 5i® 8 
 4i® 7* 
 
 ■4 ®1 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 
 31 11 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 44®o2 
 
 52®56 
 
 44®48 
 
 50® 64 
 
 38®40 
 
 13 
 10 
 13 
 
 6® 15 6 
 
 
 
 
 33® 35 
 
 5 ®1 
 
 1* 
 
 85 
 
 30 3 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 28®40 
 
 44®48 
 
 40®44 
 
 48®56 
 
 28®36 
 
 0®12 
 
 
 
 
 34®36 
 
 5J®1 
 
 2 
 
 105 
 
 35 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 28®40 
 
 44®48 
 
 44®52 
 
 54® 60 
 
 a6®44 
 
 6®15 
 
 
 27® 30 
 
 6 ®1 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 30 9 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 27®48 
 
 48®54 
 
 36® 44 
 
 48®52 
 
 32®38 
 
 14 
 
 0®15 
 
 
 25® 29 
 
 4 ® 9 
 
 4i®l 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 30 4 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 28®32 
 
 48®52 
 
 40®52 
 
 60®64 
 
 36®40 
 
 
 
 Beet, German. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 1,]890.. 
 
 87 ®95 
 
 11 
 
 6® 13 
 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 31® 33 
 
 4 ® 7i 4 ®1 
 
 4 
 
 84 
 
 29 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 30®34 
 
 50®52 
 
 46®54 
 
 68®76 
 
 36®44 
 
 Jan. 1,1891.. 
 
 79 ®90 
 
 12 
 
 0®13 6 
 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 33®35 
 
 5 ® 8 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 32 7 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 56 
 
 60 
 
 72 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 Sirupe. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 1,1892.. 
 
 86i®95 
 
 12 
 
 6®16 6 
 
 
 14 
 
 2i 
 
 42®44 
 
 4J® 6i! 4 ®1 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 36 10 
 
 68 
 
 14 
 
 32 
 
 58 
 
 62 
 
 70 
 
 44 
 
 July 1,1892.. 
 
 78 ®90 
 
 10 
 
 6® 14 6 
 
 
 13 
 
 1* 
 
 28®31 
 
 4i® 6j' 4 ®1 
 
 6 
 
 83| 
 
 29 10 
 
 76 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 55 
 
 52 
 
 66 
 
 52 
 
 Jan.l, 1893.. 
 
 80 ®95 
 
 11 
 
 e®14 6 
 
 14 
 
 3® 14 
 
 *i 
 
 28®30 
 
 54® 7 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 964 
 Cork 1st. 
 
 25 8 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 56 
 
 54 
 
 64 
 
 GO 
 
 July 1,1893.. 
 
 80 ®95 
 
 15 
 
 0®18 
 
 
 18 
 
 7i 
 
 29® 32 
 
 5J® 7 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 96 
 
 26 9 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 54 
 
 52 
 
 62 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 1,1894.. 
 
 80 ®95 
 
 12 
 
 0®15 
 
 
 12 
 
 7i 
 
 28® 30 
 
 4i® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 6 
 
 114 
 
 26 6 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 60 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 60 
 
 Feb. 1,1894.. 
 
 80 ®95 
 
 13 
 
 0®15 6 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 28® 30 
 
 4J® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 119 
 
 26 1 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 66 
 
 52 
 
 Mar. 1,1894.. 
 Apr. 1,1894-. 
 
 80 ®9o 
 80 ®95 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 0®13 6 
 0®15 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 28^30 
 
 4 ® 6 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 
 24 5 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 52 
 
 56 
 
 64 
 
 52 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 28®30 
 
 4 ® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 108 
 
 24 4 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 39 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 68 
 
 48 
 
 M.iy 1,1894.- 
 
 80 ®95 
 
 11 
 
 0®15 
 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 27® 30 
 
 4 ® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 85 
 
 24 10 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 52 
 
 60 
 
 68 
 
 48 
 
 Junel, 1894-- 
 
 76 ®86 
 
 11 
 
 0®14 
 
 
 11 
 
 6i 
 
 26®30 
 
 3J® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 80 
 
 24 4 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 54 
 
 60 
 
 68 
 
 48 
 
 July 1,1894.. 
 
 76 ®86 
 
 11 
 
 0®14 
 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 25®28 
 
 3J® 6J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 78 
 
 23 10 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 68 
 
 48 
 
 
 77 ®90 
 
 10 
 
 0®12 6 
 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 24®27 
 
 4 ® 7J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 76 
 
 24 8 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 54 
 
 64 
 
 70 
 
 
 Ang. 1. 1894-- 
 
 
 
 78 ®90 
 
 10 
 
 0®13 
 
 
 12 
 
 U 
 
 24®27 
 
 4 ® 7J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 77 
 
 24 1 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 54 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 
 Sept. 1, 1894.. 
 
 
 Oct. 1,1894.. 
 
 80 ®92 
 
 10 
 
 0®13 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 24® 27 
 
 4 ® 7j 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 81 
 
 19 8 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 78 ®88 
 
 10 
 
 0®12 6 
 
 
 9 
 
 iij 
 
 24®27 
 
 4 ® 7j 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 76 
 
 17 7 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 52 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 
 Not. 1,1894-. 
 
 
 
 80 ®92 
 
 7 
 
 6®10 6 
 
 
 8 
 
 Hi 
 
 24®27 
 
 4 ® 7J 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 99 
 
 19 11 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 
 Dec. 1, 1894- . 
 
 
 Jan. 1,1895.. 
 
 80 ®92 
 
 7 
 
 6®n 
 
 
 8 
 
 7J 
 
 24®27 
 
 4 ® 7i 
 
 4 ®1 
 
 5 
 
 100 
 
 20 9 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 52 
 
MOVEMENT OP PEICES— (ECONOMIST). 
 
 17 
 
 Wholesale Prices of Commodities, mainly in London and Manchester— Average Six Years, 1845- 
 1850; Selected Dates, 1879-1893; and Monthly, 1894— Continued. 
 
 [From the London Economist. Commercial History and Review of 1894. 
 
 DATES. 
 
 (UI.) RAW MATERIALS OF MANXTFACTUEE. 
 
 15 
 
 Silk. 
 
 Eaw 
 Cosslm- 
 huzar. 
 
 1845-1850 
 
 Jan. 1,1879.. 
 
 1,1880.. 
 
 1,1881.. 
 
 1,1882-. 
 
 1,1883.. 
 
 1,1884.. 
 
 1,1885.. 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 1,1886. 
 
 Jan. 1,1887. 
 
 Jan. 1,1888. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1889. 
 
 Jan. 1,1890. 
 Jan. 1,1891. 
 Jan. 1,1892. 
 
 Jnly 1,1892. 
 Jan. 1,1893. 
 July 1,1893. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 Jnly 
 
 Ang. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1,1894. 
 1, 1894. 
 1, 1894. 
 1, 1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1, 1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1894. 
 1,1895. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 s. d. s. 
 
 9 0®14 
 
 11 6®14 
 
 13 6® 17 
 
 14 0®16 
 
 15 0®17 
 13 6®15 
 
 12 6® 14 
 8 0®12 
 
 9 0®12 6 
 
 14 0®16 
 
 13 0®U 
 
 12 6®12 9 
 
 12 6®13 9 
 
 14 9®15 3 
 
 13 
 Tmtlee S d S 
 
 13 3 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 9 
 Co8si7iibuzar, 
 
 12 9 
 
 12 9 
 
 12 6 
 
 11 li 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 10 9 
 
 10 3 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 9 
 
 9 9 
 
 Ifi 
 
 Flax. 
 
 St. Peters- 
 burg 
 12-head. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 £ £ 
 
 41®47 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 27* 
 27 
 30 
 
 29* 
 32 
 27 
 27* 
 
 23 
 23 
 24 
 
 24 
 23 
 31 
 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 Linen 
 yarn. 
 
 GO'S 
 
 18 
 
 Hemp. 
 
 19 
 
 "V\^ool, sheep's. 
 
 St. 
 r>„i ■„.,,„ Peters- Engli.sh 
 Ordinary ,,n^g eiean southdown. 
 Belfast. , =',^^ 
 
 Per bitdl. 
 s. d. 
 
 i 3 
 
 4 » 
 
 4 
 
 3 lOJ 
 
 3 7* 
 
 3 7* 
 
 4 U 
 
 3 lOJ 
 3 6 
 3 3 
 
 3 4* 
 
 3 4J 
 3 9 
 3 lOJ 
 
 3 84 
 
 4 3 
 
 4 
 
 3 6 
 3 3 
 3 
 
 Per ton. 
 £ 
 32- 
 25 
 25* 
 23| 
 26i 
 234 
 294 
 29* 
 
 28J 
 
 26 
 23 
 24 
 
 23 
 23 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 Per HO lbs. 
 £ 
 13 
 13 
 144 
 154 
 14 
 12 
 124 
 Ui 
 
 104 
 
 12J 
 
 Hi 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 114 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 lli 
 
 Hi 
 
 Hi 
 
 Hi 
 
 Hi 
 
 104 
 104 
 104 
 
 lOJ 
 lOJ 
 lOJ 
 10$ 
 lOJ 
 10| 
 
 Port 
 
 Philip 
 
 lambs and 
 
 fleece. 
 
 Per a. 
 
 d. d. 
 12®22 
 14®24 
 18®23 
 17®20 
 18®19 
 18®20 
 17®18 
 16®17 
 
 16® 17 
 
 22®24 
 
 21®23 
 
 20®22 
 
 Good 
 Yictorian 
 scoured. 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 m 
 
 184 
 1T4 
 174 
 
 174 
 174 
 
 174 
 174 
 164 
 154 
 154 
 
 16i 
 
 16i 
 
 164 
 
 16 
 
 loj 
 
 151 
 
 South 
 A nstra- 
 
 lian 
 lambs. 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. d. 
 
 13 ®18 
 
 15 ®22 
 18 ®21 
 17*® 19 
 18 ®20 
 17 ®18 
 
 16 ®18 
 
 16 ®18 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Dyes. 
 
 Logwood, 
 Jamaica. 
 
 Cape 
 scoured, 
 superior. 
 
 184 
 17 
 
 164 
 174 
 16J 
 
 164 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 s. 8, d. 
 
 87® 93 
 
 112 6 
 
 132 6 
 
 112 6 
 
 105 
 
 105 
 
 105 
 
 102 6 
 
 96 3 
 
 105 
 
 130 
 
 130 
 
 113 9 
 
 117 6 
 
 120 
 
 122 6 
 
 125 
 
 145 
 
 155 
 
 155 
 
 155 
 
 155 
 
 145 
 
 1334 
 
 130 
 
 125 
 
 130 
 130 
 130 
 
 Indigo, 
 Bengal. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 2 0®5 6 
 
 5 7®7 
 7 0®8 9 
 7 0®8 1 
 
 6 7®7 8 
 6 6®7 
 5 6®6 4 
 5 6®6 3 
 
 5 4®6 3 
 
 4 7®5 3 
 
 4 6®5 2 
 
 4 2®5 2 
 
 4 2®4 10 
 4 9®5 6 
 4 3®4 4 
 
 4 5®4 8 
 
 4 5®4 8 
 
 5 6®5 8 
 
 5 11®6 2 
 5 11®6 2 
 5 6®6 
 6®6 
 7® 5 10 
 7®5 10 
 7®5 10 
 4®5 7 
 4®5 7 
 4®5 7 
 8®5 6 
 8®5 6 
 8®5 6 
 
 24 
 
 2G 
 
 27 
 
 Oils. 
 
 Seal, 
 pale. 
 
 Per 252 g. 
 £ 
 314 
 284 
 304 
 28i 
 28i 
 ■354 
 324 
 274 
 
 24 
 204 
 224 
 23 
 
 25i 
 
 26 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 204 
 
 244 
 
 21* 
 
 214 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 214 
 
 Olive, 
 Levant, 
 Gallipoli. 
 
 Palm. 
 
 Per tun. 
 
 Per tun. 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 46 
 
 36* 
 
 46 
 
 36J 
 
 42 
 
 32 
 
 40 
 
 324 
 
 36* 
 
 374 
 
 404 
 
 «4 
 
 40J 
 
 32 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 
 40* 
 
 29 
 
 384 
 
 24i 
 
 36i 
 
 214 
 
 
 284 
 
 
 371 
 
 25| 
 
 41* 
 
 264 
 
 
 23a 
 
 344 
 
 23 
 
 364 
 
 26 
 
 36 
 
 26 
 
 35 
 
 254 
 
 34* 
 
 25 
 
 34i 
 
 24 
 
 34J 
 
 23i 
 
 34i 
 
 234 
 
 34J 
 
 23* 
 
 34 
 
 234 
 
 34 
 
 23 
 
 34 
 
 253 
 
 34 
 
 25 
 
 354 
 
 254 
 
 37J 
 
 25* 
 
 37i 
 
 25 
 
 Petro- 
 leum. 
 
 Per gal. 
 d 
 
 5i 
 7 
 
 64 
 
 H 
 
 4/3 
 
 34 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 3| 
 
 461- 
 
18 
 
 MOVEMENT OP PEICES— (ECONOMIST). 
 
 Wholesale Prices op Commodities, mainly in London and Manchester — Average Six Tears, 1845- 
 1850; Selected Dates, 1879-1893; and Monthly, 1894 — Continued. 
 
 [From the London Economist. Commercial History and Review of 1894.] 
 
 
 (III.) RAW MATEEIALS OF MANUFAOTDEE— continued. 
 
 (rV.) METALS. 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 ■ 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 DATES. 
 
 Timber. 
 
 Tallow. 
 
 Leather. 
 
 Saltpeter. 
 
 Ashes. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Steel. 
 
 Tin, 
 
 Steam 
 coal. 
 
 
 Danizic 
 
 and 
 Memel. 
 
 Canadian 
 yellow pine. 
 
 Town. 
 
 St.Peters- 
 
 burg 
 1st Y. C. 
 
 English 
 butts, 
 25-36. 
 
 English 
 refined. 
 
 Canadian 
 pearl. 
 
 Tough 
 cake. 
 
 British 
 bars. 
 
 Swedish 
 bars. 
 
 English 
 pig- 
 
 Eails, 
 heavy 
 
 English 
 bars. 
 
 Average 
 at New- 
 castle. 
 
 
 Per load. 
 
 Per load. 
 
 Owt. 
 
 Cwt. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per t07i. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 
 s. s. 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 d. d. 
 
 s. s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. 
 
 £. 
 
 £■ 
 
 & 
 
 £. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1845-1850 
 
 71® 81 
 
 65 0® 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 8 
 
 111 
 9| 
 
 17* 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 36 6 
 
 19® 33 
 
 24 3 
 
 36 
 
 63* 
 
 5i 
 
 14| 
 
 51 
 
 •65i 
 
 8 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 18®33 
 
 26 9 
 
 33 3 
 
 711 
 
 101 
 
 19| 
 
 8J 
 
 94 
 
 8 8 
 
 Jan. 1,1881.. 
 
 45® 90 
 
 80 0®100 
 
 36 
 
 39 3 
 
 1S®33 
 
 28 3 
 
 36 
 
 66i 
 
 95 
 
 151 
 
 64 
 
 94 
 
 9 1 
 
 Jan. 1,1882.. 
 
 50® 90 
 
 80 0®100 
 
 43 
 
 45 6 
 
 18® 32 
 
 29 3 
 
 40 
 
 75J 
 
 6J 
 
 101 
 
 168 
 
 6i 
 
 114} 
 
 9 3 
 
 Jan. 1,1883-. 
 
 50® 90 
 
 70 0®100 
 
 43 6 
 
 49 
 
 18®32 
 
 26 
 
 50 6 
 
 70J 
 
 6 
 
 9} 
 
 14i 
 
 5i 
 
 98 
 
 9 6 
 
 Jan. 1,1884.. 
 Jan. 1,1885.- 
 Jan. 1,1886.. 
 Jan. 1,1887.. 
 Jan. 1,1888.. 
 Jan. 1,1889-- 
 Jan. 1,1890.. 
 
 50® 90 
 40® 80 
 on^ SO 
 
 60 0® 90 
 70 0®105 
 fir. n®ifin 
 
 4'' 9 
 
 51 6 
 
 18®3'* 
 
 24 3 
 
 52 6 
 
 62i 
 53 
 
 6 
 
 
 121 
 
 Hi 
 
 12| 
 12iS 
 
 4i 
 4J 
 
 88} 
 771 
 97 
 
 10 
 
 35 3 
 
 41 6 
 
 T>®33 
 
 92 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 26 3 
 
 35 
 
 17® 33 
 
 ''I 9 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 
 51 
 5 
 
 
 8 3 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 16®33 
 
 21 
 
 47 6 
 
 42i 
 804 
 78i 
 561 
 
 
 4ft 
 
 103i 
 
 7 6 
 
 30® 80 
 
 60 0® 80 
 90 0®110 
 97 6® 115 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5| 
 5| 
 8J 
 
 
 1513 
 131 
 
 4ft 
 
 148 
 
 7 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 4i 
 
 101* 
 
 8 
 
 35® 70 
 
 27 
 
 38 6 
 
 ]4®33 
 
 21 9 
 
 33 
 
 105 
 
 141% 
 
 7 
 
 103 
 
 11 6 
 
 Jan. 1,1891-- 
 Jan. 1,1892-. 
 
 40® 75 
 40® 70 
 
 75 0®110 
 75 0®100 
 
 27 
 27 9 
 
 39 
 43 
 
 14®33 
 14®33 
 
 ^1 9 
 
 42 
 
 58J 
 481 
 
 
 9i 
 8| 
 
 13» 
 Hi 
 
 4}| 
 
 
 12 9 
 
 21 3 
 
 45 
 
 4ft 
 
 901 
 
 10 
 
 July 1,1892.. 
 Jan. 1,1893-. 
 
 30® 70 
 30® 70 
 
 60 0®]00 
 60 0®100 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 m 
 
 61 
 
 6J 
 
 
 nk 
 
 m 
 
 4^ 
 
 106} 
 
 9 10 
 
 27 9 
 
 45 
 
 12® 34 
 
 20 lOJ 
 
 45 
 
 8J 
 
 4 
 
 96 
 
 8 11 
 
 July 1,1893-. 
 
 30® 60 
 
 70 0® 95 
 
 30 6 
 
 48 
 
 12®34 
 
 21 3 
 
 46 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 . 8^ 
 
 9ft 
 
 3i 
 
 89 
 
 8 7 
 
 Jan- 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 60 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 29 9 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 43 
 
 461 
 
 C 
 
 8 
 
 9ii 
 
 31 
 
 791 
 
 10 6 
 
 Feb .1,1894-. 
 
 25® 60 
 
 72 6® 96 
 
 27 6 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 43 
 
 43i 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9ft 
 
 3| 
 
 765 
 
 11 9 
 
 Mar. 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 50 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 27 6 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 21 6 
 
 42 
 
 42i 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 % 
 
 31 
 
 711 
 
 10 6 
 
 Apr. 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 60 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 27 6 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 40 6 
 
 43i 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 9§ 
 
 3i 
 
 74* 
 
 10 
 
 May 1,1894.- 
 
 25® 50 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 27 6 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 40 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 9ft 
 
 Si 
 
 77i 
 
 10 
 
 June 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 65 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 26 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 40 
 
 41* 
 
 9 
 
 n 
 
 9i 
 
 3| 
 
 76} 
 
 10 
 
 July 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 65 
 
 72 6® 95 
 
 26 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 21 6 
 
 40 
 
 40* 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 9i 
 
 3| 
 
 74} 
 
 10 6 
 
 Aug. 1,1894.. 
 
 25® 65 
 
 77 6® 100 6 
 
 23 9 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 37 6 
 
 41 
 
 6 
 
 75 
 
 9ft 
 
 3| 
 
 691 
 
 10 9 
 
 Sept. 1,1894.- 
 
 25® 60 
 
 77 6®100 6 
 
 24 6 
 
 48 
 
 12®30 
 
 21 6 
 
 37 6 
 
 m 
 
 6 
 
 76 
 
 lOJ 
 
 38 
 
 74} 
 
 11 
 
 Oct. 1,1894.. 
 
 25 a> 60 
 
 82 6® 105 
 
 24 6 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 22 
 
 37 3 
 
 44* 
 
 6 
 
 7| 
 
 9}§ 
 
 m 
 
 75J 
 
 10 9 
 
 Nov. 1,1894.- 
 
 30® 65 
 
 82 6®105 
 
 24 6 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 22 6 
 
 39 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 7f 
 
 m 
 
 3| 
 
 71J 
 
 10 9 
 
 Dec. 1,1894-. 
 
 30® 65 
 
 87 6®110 
 
 23 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 22 6 
 
 40 
 
 421 
 
 6 
 
 7S 
 
 9J 
 
 H 
 
 68} 
 
 9 6 
 
 Jan. 1,1895.. 
 
 30® 65 
 
 92 6®115 
 
 23 
 
 48 
 
 12® 30 
 
 22 9 
 
 38 9 
 
 431 
 
 6 
 
 7S 
 
 9| 
 
 m 
 
 671 
 
 9 6 
 
MOVEMENT OF PRICES— (ECONOMIST), 
 
 19 
 
 Wholesale Prices op Commodities, mainly in London and Manchester— Average Six Tears, 1845- 
 1850; Selected Dates, 1879-1893; and Monthly, 1894— Continued. 
 
 [From the London Economist. Commercial History and Eoyiew of 1894,] 
 
 (V.) MANCHESTER MARKETS. 
 
 DATES. 
 
 1845 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 July 1 
 Jan. 1 
 July 1 
 Jan. 1 
 Feb. 1 
 Mar. 1 
 Apr. 1 
 U.-iy 1 
 June 1 
 July 1 
 Aug. 1 
 Sept. 1 
 Oct. 1 
 Nov. 1 
 Dec. 1 
 Jan. 1 
 
 1850 
 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1684. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887- 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 1892. 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894- 
 1894- 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1894. 
 1895. 
 
 i2 43 
 
 Raw cotton. 
 
 H 
 
 Upland 
 mid- 
 dling. 
 
 Upland 
 mid- 
 dling, 
 fair. 
 
 Surat, 
 
 DlioU., 
 
 fair. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 H 
 
 5i 
 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 
 4 
 
 5S 
 
 7i 
 
 5J 
 
 6% 
 
 7 
 
 5i 
 
 H 
 
 7 
 
 i% 
 
 H 
 
 64 
 
 3i 
 
 6 
 
 6S 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 
 Bf, 
 
 4i 
 
 m 
 
 5A 
 
 ■i\l 
 
 Si 
 
 68 
 
 ■ii\ 
 
 5J 
 
 5i 
 
 SfS 
 
 5| 
 
 5| 
 
 4A 
 
 5} 
 
 5M 
 
 ih 
 
 5A 
 
 5rt 
 
 ■ 3,^ 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 
 ^A 
 
 4-ft 
 
 2i8 
 
 5i 
 
 H 
 
 35 
 
 4-/, 
 
 4ft 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 « 
 
 3A 
 
 4J 
 
 H 
 
 3l'8 
 
 ■14 
 
 ii 
 
 3.'s 
 
 H 
 
 ii 
 
 3 
 
 m 
 
 ii\ 
 
 2i 
 
 *iV 
 
 ii% 
 
 2!6 
 
 It's 
 
 4A 
 
 2% 
 
 m 
 
 35l 
 
 24 
 
 3it 
 
 m 
 
 24 
 
 3t\ 
 
 m 
 
 2i'i, 
 
 3i 
 
 H 
 
 24 
 
 34 
 
 h% 
 
 24 
 
 3iV 
 
 3/= 
 
 24 
 
 Per- 
 nam- 
 buco, 
 fair. 
 
 Per lb. 
 d. 
 8i 
 55 
 7i 
 
 en 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 6i 
 
 5g 
 
 5i"c 
 
 5i3 
 
 6 
 
 5i 
 
 4A 
 
 4i 
 
 4i 
 
 4,'s 
 
 4i'a 
 
 4i'o 
 
 4 
 
 31 .1 
 ^TB 
 
 '*lil 
 
 3| 
 
 45 
 
 Mule No. 
 40. fair, 
 
 2d 
 quality. 
 
 n 
 
 8i 
 lOJ 
 
 loi 
 
 lOJ 
 9J- 
 
 93 
 
 46 
 
 Cotton cloth. 
 
 Printers' 
 26 in 66 
 
 reed, 
 29 yards,^ 
 4 lbs. 2ozs. 
 
 8. d. 
 4 7i 
 3 lOA 
 
 3 104 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 3 9 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 104 
 
 3 74 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 44 
 
 3 44 
 
 3 4* 
 
 3 44 
 
 3 4i 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 G-old-end 
 
 ah'ngs, 40 
 in. 66 reed, 
 
 37* yards, 
 811Js'.12ozs. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 8 10 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 9 9 
 7 lOA 
 7 9 
 7 4i 
 7 6 
 7 4 
 7 9 
 
 7 9 
 
 8 li 
 8 14 
 7 9 
 7 U 
 7 IDA 
 7 4A 
 7 4A 
 7 3 
 7 14 
 6 lOi 
 6 9 
 6 9 
 6 9 
 6 3 
 6 3 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 (VI.) HANK RETDRNS AND RATE OF INTEREST. 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 Bank-note circulation. 
 
 B.ank of 
 England. 
 
 £. 
 20, 400, 000 
 33, 000, OOO 
 27, 800, 000 
 37, 200, 000 
 26, 400, 000 
 
 26, 400, 000 
 25, 60O, 000 
 25. 100, 000 
 24, 600, 000 
 24, 800, 000 
 24, 800, 000 
 24, 400, 000 
 
 24, 700, 000 
 35, 100, 000 
 
 25, 700, 000 
 
 27, 200, 000 
 25, 900, 000 
 25, 600, 000 
 25, 700, 000 
 24, 700, 000 
 24, 300, 000 
 
 24, 500, 000 
 
 25, 500, 000 
 
 24, 900, 000 
 
 26, 400, 000 
 26, 400, 000 
 25, 700, 000 
 26, 400, 000 
 25, 800, 000 
 25,300,000 
 
 25, 900, 000 
 
 Country 
 banks. 
 Great 
 
 Britain. 
 
 £, 
 10, 300, 000 
 10, 300, 000 
 9, 300, 000 
 9, 500, 000 
 
 8, 900, 000 
 
 9, 700, 000 
 8, 100, 000 
 9, 200, OOO 
 9, 300, 000 
 
 8, 900, 000 
 8,400,000 
 8, 500, 000 
 8,500,000 
 
 9, 300, 000 
 9, 000, 000 
 9, 000, 000 
 9, 200, 000 
 8, 900, 000 
 8, 500, 000 
 8, 100, 000 
 7, 900, 000 
 
 7, 900, 000 
 
 8, 200, 000 
 8, 700, 000 
 8, 900, 000 
 8, 400, 000 
 8, 100, 000 
 8, 200, 000 
 8,300,000 
 9, 100, 000 
 8, 700, 000 
 
 Total. 
 
 .£ 
 30, 700, 000 
 43, 300, 000 
 36, 500, 000 
 36, 700, 000 
 
 35, 300, 000 
 36, 100, 000 
 
 33, 700, 000 
 
 34, 300, 000 
 33, 800, 000 
 33, 700, 000 
 33, 200, 000 
 
 32, 900, 000 
 
 33, 200, 000 
 
 34, 300, 000 
 
 34, 700, 000 
 
 36, 300, 000 
 
 35, 100, 000 
 34, 500, OUO 
 34, 200, 000 
 32, 800, 000 
 
 32, 200, 000 
 
 33, 400, 000 
 33, 700, 000 
 33, 600, 000 
 35, 300, 000 
 34, 800, 000 
 
 33, 800, 000 
 
 34, 600, 000 
 34, 100, 000 
 34, 400, 000 
 34, 600, 000 
 
 51 
 
 53 
 
 Rate of interest. 
 
 Bank of 
 
 England 
 
 discount 
 
 rate. 
 
 P. ct. (a) 
 & 
 
 33 
 5®3 
 2®3 
 3@3^ 
 5®6 
 5®4 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 _ 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Lombard 
 street. 
 
 P. ct. (a) 
 
 4i®3 
 2 ®34 
 2J®3i 
 35® 6 
 3J®3i 
 2J®3 
 44 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 Reserve of Bank of 
 England. 
 
 Total 
 bullion. 
 
 £ 
 14, 400, 000 
 
 28, 100, 000 
 
 27, 600, 000 
 24, 200, 000 
 20, 200, 000 
 20, 400, 000 
 21,400,000 
 20, 700, 000 
 20, 100, 000 
 
 19, 300, 000 
 
 20, 200, 000 
 19, 400, 000 
 17, 700, 000 
 23,500,000 
 22, 500, 000 
 27,300,000 
 24, 400, 000 
 
 29, 700, 000 
 24, 800, 000 
 
 28, 000, 000 
 
 30, 000, 000 
 30, 700, 000 
 32, 000, 000 
 36, 000, 000 
 38, 900, 000 
 
 38, 300, 000 
 
 39, 800, 000 
 37, 500, 000 
 36, 200, 000 
 34, 200, 000 
 33, 100, 000 
 
 Banking 
 depart- 
 ment. 
 
 S. 
 
 8, 500, 000 
 10,300,000 
 14, 800, 000 
 12, 300, 000 
 
 9, 800, 000 
 10,500,000 
 11,600,000 
 11,200,000 
 11,300,000 
 10, 200, 000 
 11,600,000 
 11, 100, 000 
 
 9, 300, 000 
 14, 800, 000 
 13, 100, 000 
 16, 400, 000 
 14, 900, 000 
 
 18, 700, 000 
 15, 600, 000 
 
 19, 700, 000 
 
 22, 500, 000 
 23,100,000 
 
 23, 200, 000 
 
 27, 900, 000 
 29, 300, 000 
 
 28, 700, 000 ■ 
 30, 900, 000 
 27, 900, 000 
 27, 200, 000 
 25, 700, 000 
 24, 000, 000 
 
 a Per annum. 
 
20 
 
 MOVEMENT OP PEICES— (ECONOMIST). 
 (B.) Wholesale Prices, 1845-1894 — Proportionate Results. 
 
 Deduced from the preceding table (A) ou the basis of representing by the number 100 the average prices of 
 the six years, 1845-1850. 
 
 The construction is as follows: The basis of 100 represents the average prices of the six years 1845-1850, and 
 all the subsRqaent figures are calculated from that datum line. Thus as regards coft'ee (column 1), the price of 
 1st July, 1857, was equal to 151, or 51 per cent above the average prices of 1845-1850. In order to ascertain the 
 j)ercentage rise or fall between one date and another — as, for example, coffee — comparing 1st July, 1857, when 
 the figure was 151, with 1st January, 1894, when the figure was 179, or a difference of 28, the rise per cent has to 
 be measured with the quantity 151, and given, of course, a result of 23 per cent as the real advance. In the course 
 of so long a period of years since 1845 some variations have inevitably arisen in the mode of quoting prices in the 
 usual Prices Current. In all such cases, the nearest approach possible has been made to a uniform quotation 
 throughout the table. In raw cotton especially there have been considerable change of qualities introduced by 
 the large use of Indian and Egyptian kinds. In tea, sugar, and wool also changes have occurred in the kinds 
 most usually quoted. 
 
 [The column "Total index number" is the total for each date of all the percentage columns except that of the 
 "Bank-note circulation." The "Total index number" does not, of course, present a full and accurate representa- 
 tion of the variations of prices, inasmuch as it can not allow for the relative importance of the different articles. 
 Wheat, for example, reckons for no more in the " Total index number" than indigo; and during the years of the 
 high price of cotton and cotton fabrics the total index number is, in a measure, unduly raised by that special 
 cause. Still the total index number, read with the needful qualifications, may afibrd important inferences.] 
 
 
 1 
 
 2,S 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10-13 
 
 41-44 
 
 15 
 
 16 and 18 
 
 19-20 
 
 23 21-26 
 
 DATES. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Butchers' 
 meat. 
 
 Eaw 
 cotton. 
 
 Silk, raw. 
 
 Flax and 
 hemp. 
 
 Sheep's 
 wool. 
 
 Indigo. Oils. 
 
 1845 1850 
 
 100 
 151 
 134 
 151 
 106 
 93 
 85 
 132 
 166 
 172 
 186 
 190 
 173 
 173 
 185 
 170 
 179 
 179 
 179 
 166 
 175 
 
 100 
 123 
 83 
 70 
 54 
 37 
 SO 
 38 
 49 
 50 
 43 
 44 
 38 
 39 
 42 
 36 
 39 
 50 
 37 
 37 
 23 
 
 100 
 162 
 102 
 141 
 92 
 78 
 93 
 73 
 64 
 70 
 62 
 66 
 70 
 68 
 60 
 59 
 68 
 67 
 61 
 54 
 62 
 
 100 
 210 
 167 
 180 
 200 
 228 
 216 
 200 
 244 
 227 
 222 
 244 
 244 
 244 
 244 
 244 
 244 
 233 
 234 
 233 
 233 
 
 100 
 118 
 80 
 88 
 73 
 60 
 57 
 66 
 58 
 57 
 56 
 61 
 61 
 74 
 70 
 56 
 48 
 50 
 50 
 45 
 39 
 
 100 
 105 
 123 
 119 
 123 
 . 122 
 106 
 112 
 108 
 100 
 123 
 125 
 126 
 134 
 131 
 12i 
 119 
 122 
 143 
 132 
 140 
 
 100 
 95 
 
 173 
 
 110 
 92 
 93 
 80 
 82 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 00 
 
 182 
 73 
 73 
 66 
 83 
 70 
 66 
 62 
 48 
 
 100 
 204 
 174 
 135 
 117 
 89 
 93 
 130 
 117 
 110 
 114 
 114 
 130 
 124 
 113 
 115 
 120 
 128 
 113 
 96 
 85 
 
 100 
 131 
 116 
 78 
 76 
 78 
 76 
 79 
 66 
 62 
 64 
 63 
 65 
 67 
 55 
 68 
 62 
 72 
 71 
 72 
 72 
 
 100 
 146 
 96 
 117 
 98 
 92 
 90 
 116 
 111 
 107 
 120 
 105 
 102 
 106 
 98 
 101 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 87 
 88 
 
 
 July 1,1857 
 
 Jan. 1,1870 
 
 Jan. 1,1880 
 
 Jan. 1,1884 
 
 Jan. 1,1885 
 
 Jan. 1,1886 
 
 Jan. 1,1887 
 
 Jan. 1,1888 
 
 Jan. 1,1889 
 
 .Tan. 1,1890 
 
 July 1,1890 
 
 Jan. 1,1891 
 
 July 1,1891 
 
 Jan. 1,1892 
 
 July 1,1892 
 
 Jan. 1,1893 
 
 July 1,1893 
 
 Jan. 1,1894 
 
 July 1,1894 
 
 Jan. 1,1895 
 
 121 
 161 
 205 
 161 
 157 
 153 
 131 
 129 
 125 
 120 
 124 
 137 
 130 
 114 
 121 
 121 
 148 
 161 
 152 
 136 
 
 141 
 136 
 106 
 110 
 193 
 86 
 76 
 74 
 83 
 82 
 85 
 86 
 85 
 83 
 63 
 76 
 80 
 76 
 74 
 75 
 
 
 28-29 
 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 35-36 
 
 37 
 
 39 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46-47 
 
 Total 
 
 index 
 
 number. 
 
 Total 
 
 DATES. 
 
 Timber. 
 
 TaUow. 
 
 Leather. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Cotton 
 
 wool, Per- 
 
 nambuco, 
 
 only. 
 
 Cotton 
 yam. 
 
 Cotton 
 cloth. 
 
 lation, 
 Great Brit- 
 ain. 
 
 1845-1850 
 
 100 
 
 103 
 
 99 
 
 105 
 
 100 
 
 102 
 
 93 
 
 86 
 
 80 
 
 111 
 
 115 
 
 101 
 
 106 
 
 106 
 
 100 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 88 
 
 84 
 
 89 
 
 105 
 
 100 
 
 147 
 
 105 
 
 102 
 
 113 
 
 87 
 
 70 
 
 60 
 
 73 
 
 87 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 105 
 
 107 
 
 107 
 
 101 
 
 109 
 
 103 
 
 99 
 
 100 
 150 
 128 
 144 
 139 
 144 
 142 
 136 
 133 
 130 
 130 
 130 
 130 
 130 
 130 
 128 
 128 
 128 
 117 
 117 
 117 
 
 100 
 133 
 83 
 81 
 71 
 60 
 50 
 48 
 91 
 89 
 64 
 68 
 66 
 66 
 55 
 56 
 58 
 54 
 52 
 46 
 49 
 
 100 
 121 
 88 
 92 
 69 
 75 
 66 
 62 
 ' 67 
 70 
 109 
 100 
 87 
 75 
 78 
 78 
 78 
 72 
 71 
 71 
 69 
 
 100 
 143 
 109 
 112 
 70 
 65 
 72 
 74 
 90 
 76 
 82 
 75 
 76 
 74 
 66 
 64 
 58 
 54 
 55 
 63 
 56 
 
 100 
 166 
 138 
 109 
 104 
 90 
 113 
 120 
 173 
 118 
 120 
 115 
 111 
 113 
 106 
 125 
 112 
 104 
 93 
 87 
 79 
 
 100 
 97 
 
 144 
 88 
 74 
 76 
 65 
 68 
 70 
 72 
 75 
 80 
 70 
 64 
 59 
 62 
 64 
 47 
 53 
 51 
 42 
 
 100 
 126 
 154 
 110 
 99 
 00 
 183 
 86 
 90 
 93 
 92 
 100 
 97 
 87 
 82 
 78 
 85 
 83 
 72 
 72 
 64 
 
 100 
 113 
 135 
 95 
 88 
 80 
 85 
 84 
 87 
 88 
 91 
 92 
 89 
 85 
 84 
 79 
 85 
 81 
 81 
 75 
 67 
 
 2200 
 2996 
 2689 
 2538 
 2221 
 2098 
 2023 
 2059 
 2230 
 2187 
 2236 
 2259 
 2224 
 2190 
 2133 
 2081 
 2120 
 2105 
 2082 
 1974 
 1923 
 
 100 
 101 
 110 
 120 
 110 
 112 
 110 
 110 
 108 
 107 
 ,108 
 113 
 112 
 lU 
 
 July 1,1867 
 
 Jan. 1,1870 
 
 Jan. 1,1880 
 
 Jan. 1,1884 
 
 Jan. 1,1885 
 
 Jan. 1,1886 
 
 Jan. 1,1887 
 
 Jan. 1,1888 
 
 Jan. 1,1889 
 
 Jan. 1,1890 
 
 July 1,1890 
 
 Jan. 1,1891 
 
 July 1,1891 
 
 Jan. 1,1892 
 
 July 1,1892 
 
 Jan. 1,1893 
 
 July 1,1893 
 
 Jan. 1,1894 
 
 July 1,1894 
 
 Jan. 1,1895 
 
 113 
 114 
 112 
 111 
 115 
 113 
 
MOVEMENT OP PEICES— (UNITED STATES). 
 
 21 
 
 Kblative Prices in Gold, (a) by Gboups of Aetioles, 1840-1891. 
 
 [From Senate Eeport No. 1394, second session Fifty-Second Congress.] 
 
 TEAR. 
 
 1840. 
 1S41. 
 1842. 
 1843. 
 1844. 
 1845. 
 1846. 
 1847- 
 1848., 
 1849.. 
 1850. 
 1851. 
 1852., 
 1853.. 
 1854.. 
 1855.. 
 1856.. 
 1857.. 
 1858.. 
 1859.. 
 I860.. 
 1861.. 
 1862.. 
 1863.. 
 1864.. 
 1865. . 
 1866.. 
 1867.. 
 1868.. 
 1869.. 
 1870.. 
 1871.. 
 1872.. 
 1873.. 
 1874.. 
 1875.. 
 1876.. 
 1877.- 
 1878.. 
 1879.. 
 1880.. 
 1881.. 
 1882.. 
 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1886., 
 1887., 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1890. 
 1891. 
 
 GENEIiAL AVERAGE PBICES. 
 
 Food. 
 
 96. 
 
 94. 
 
 82. 
 
 79. 
 
 81. 
 
 87. 
 
 94. 
 
 94. 
 
 83. 
 
 79. 
 
 85. 
 
 90. 
 
 88. 
 ]01. 
 105. 
 111. 
 110. 
 117. 
 
 94. 
 
 98. 
 100. 
 
 95. 
 107. 
 
 91. 
 106. 
 100. 
 124. 
 121. 
 118. 
 120. 
 126. 
 152. 
 ]22. 
 115. 
 113. 
 116. 
 109. 
 113. 
 105. 
 
 97. 
 107. 
 110. 
 118. 
 118. 
 108. 
 
 Cloths and 
 clotlling. 
 
 104. 
 109. 
 111. 
 104. 
 103. 
 
 110.7 
 
 113.4 
 
 100.9 
 
 99.9 
 
 105.0 
 
 97.1 
 
 95.3 
 
 97.6 
 
 87.5 
 
 82.2 
 
 91.3 
 
 94.7 
 
 88.7 
 
 98.6 
 
 97.4 
 
 94.7 
 
 100.6 
 
 106.0 
 
 98.0 
 
 101.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 94.9 
 
 121.1 
 
 132.0 
 
 167.7 
 
 138.4 
 
 161.7 
 
 133.7 
 
 106.0 
 
 108.8 
 
 114.9 
 
 120.4 
 
 131. 1 
 
 121.5 
 
 114.8 
 
 106.8 
 
 95.3 
 
 95.9 
 
 91.9 
 
 91.1 
 
 104.5 
 
 99.9 
 
 98.7 
 
 94.8 
 
 88.9 
 
 84.8 
 
 85.1 
 
 84.7 
 
 84.7 
 
 83.6 
 
 82.4 
 
 81.1 
 
 Fuel 
 and light- 
 ing. 
 
 395.8 
 208.9 
 202. 
 187.5 
 119.7 
 239.6 
 143.8 
 110.7 
 106.1 
 100.0 
 102.6 
 97.3 
 93.5 
 101.6 
 106.8 
 121.1 
 126.4 
 113.3 
 111.4 
 98.8 
 100.0 
 103.5 
 94.8 
 73.8 
 115.9 
 110.0 
 200.2 
 145.8 
 157.9 
 152.5 
 162.0 
 130.2 
 136.8 
 119.4 
 134.3 
 139.1 
 128.2 
 101.7 
 91.7 
 95.3 
 100.2 
 113.7 
 110.1 
 114.2 
 102.4 
 89.6 
 86.2 
 88.6 
 94.9 
 95.3 
 92.5 
 91.0 
 
 Metals 
 
 and imple. 
 
 ments. 
 
 123.5 
 
 123.7 
 118.7 
 114.7 
 133.3 
 110.8 
 116.9 
 120.6 
 119.7 
 124.9 
 114.8 
 119.2 
 117.7 
 122.8 
 125. 6 
 117.8 
 115.3 
 110.4 
 101.3 
 100.1 
 100.0 
 102.5 
 114.3 
 96.5 
 115.6 
 88.5 
 122.1 
 119.8 
 108.7 
 104.2 
 105.4 
 110.4 
 117.3 
 115.2 
 108.7 
 104.4 
 96.1 
 94.2 
 90.8 
 88.4 
 96.3 
 91.1 
 91.2 
 87.5 
 81.0 
 77.4 
 75.8 
 74.9 
 74.9 
 72.9 
 73.2 
 74.9 
 
 Lumher 
 and build- 
 
 matenals. 
 
 110.0 
 
 in. 8 
 
 108.8 
 105.4 
 103.0 
 106.7 
 106.2 
 108.2 
 105.3 
 
 97.6 
 102.2 
 
 97.2 
 100.4 
 103.2 
 114.1 
 103.4 
 102.8 
 105.0 
 103.8 
 
 98.7 
 100.0 
 108.9 
 145.6 
 122.1 
 142,3 
 
 84.2 
 133.4 
 132.8 
 125.8 
 122.3 
 122.3 
 136.8 
 153.0 
 152.5 
 139.0 
 127.7 
 121.7 
 118.5 
 115.2 
 115.1 
 130.9 
 131.3 
 137.5 
 134.3 
 129.5 
 126.6 
 128.5 
 126.5 
 124.8 
 124.0 
 123.7 
 122.3 
 
 Drugs 
 and chem- 
 icals. 
 
 145.8 
 141.3 
 131.6 
 121.4 
 119.7 
 121.0 
 123.9 
 112.5 
 113.0 
 111.0 
 133.6 
 125.8 
 111.8 
 107.0 
 110.7 
 129.2 
 135.5 
 126.8 
 116.0 
 104.2 
 100.0 
 101.3 
 113.6 
 101.0 
 109.5 
 125.6 
 164.3 
 156.9 
 128.4 
 118.7 
 123.3 
 125.9 
 122.8 
 125.6 
 131.8 
 128.2 
 108.0 
 115.2 
 112.6 
 110.9 
 113. 1 
 110.4 
 107.6 
 98.1 
 95.7 
 86.9 
 &3.9 
 83.6 
 86.0 
 88.8 
 87.9 
 86.3 
 
 V 
 
 House- 
 
 famishing 
 
 goods. 
 
 116.4 
 
 116.4 
 
 116.4 
 
 100.3 
 
 102.3 
 
 102.3 
 
 111.0 
 
 120.3 
 
 121.7 
 
 120.5 
 
 125.6 
 
 120.0 
 
 111.9 
 
 118.7 
 
 121.2 
 
 121. 2 
 
 115.5 
 
 116.8 
 
 108.7 
 
 103.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 96.8 
 
 87.3 
 
 84.8 
 
 105.9 
 
 83. B 
 
 132.3 
 
 118.2 
 
 97.4 
 
 89.0 
 
 100.2 
 
 116.1 
 
 112.9 
 
 96.8 
 
 98.3 
 
 84.4 
 
 77.3 
 
 74.4 
 
 73.3 
 
 68.6 
 
 85.2 
 
 77.6 
 
 78.1 
 
 77.5 
 
 76.3 
 
 70.1 
 
 68.4 
 
 66.4 
 
 66.9 
 
 70.0 
 
 69.5 
 
 70.1 
 
 Miscella- 
 neous. 
 
 147.1 
 147.1 
 170.6 
 123.5 
 129.5 
 114.8 
 111.0 
 121.7 
 125.6 
 109.8 
 107.7 
 102.7 
 100.5 
 109.2 
 108.4 
 115.2 
 121.6 
 110.0 
 97.1 
 100.8 
 100.0 
 100.7 
 101.2 
 89.0 
 99.3 
 93.8 
 122.1 
 119.9 
 118.5 
 119.7 
 122. 6 
 134.4 
 121.6 
 117.5 
 116.5 
 109.2 
 101.2 
 111.3 
 110.2 
 102.1 
 109.8 
 108.8 
 114.6 
 117.3 
 111.9 
 97.5 
 91.3 
 88.6 
 89.3 
 88.8 
 89.7 
 95.1 
 
 All 
 articles. 
 
 a In converting currency prices into gold we have used the value of $100 gold in currency as given for January of each year in the American Almanac for 
 1878, as follows: 1862, $102.5; 1863, $145.1: 1864, $155.5; 1865, $216.2; 1866, $140.1; 1867, $134.6; 1868, $138.5: 1869, $135.6; 1S70, $121.3; 1871, $110.7; 1872, $109.1; 1873 
 $112.7; 1874,$111.4; 1875,$112.5; 1876,$112.8; 1877,$106.2, and 1878, $101.4. 
 
22 
 
 MOVEMENT OF PEIOES— (UmTED STATES), 
 
 Monthly Average Price in Cents per Bushel of 60 Pounds in New York op Cash No. 2 Eed Winter 
 
 Wheat, 1885-1894. 
 
 [From the reports of tlie New York Produce Exchaoge.] 
 
 Tear. January. February. ' March. April 
 
 May. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. September. October. November. December. 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1800 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 
 9IS ® 9i/|; 
 
 90}i® 9U 
 92H® 93i"i, 
 
 OlA 
 98ft 
 86J 
 105| 
 102| 
 79* 
 
 9UiiV® 91| 
 92,»5® 93J 
 
 904 ® iia 
 
 89 i» 
 971 
 85J 
 llOiJ 
 104S 
 791% 
 63^ 
 
 89J ® 91ti, 
 94J 
 
 gift® 92i 
 905 
 
 113| 
 
 101 
 75| 
 63ft 
 
 97|® 984 103Jg 
 91J® 93iV 
 92J® 94fi 
 
 86A 
 93ft 
 119ft 
 98i 
 
 ^^ 
 
 63i 
 
 ®103i 
 88ft 
 
 ® 97}i 
 96} 
 83 ft 
 98S 
 1135 
 96* 
 
 m 
 
 58iJ 
 
 100| ®101J 
 
 84ft® 85§ 
 
 93i»i® 95ft 
 
 90i 
 
 mi 
 
 94J 
 107H 
 91}S 
 
 6o;3 
 
 iilOOf 
 8 87S 
 S 84ft 
 
 go-ii 
 
 881 
 96ft 
 
 71ft 
 57H 
 
 95H® 96} 
 
 86} ® 88J 
 
 79f ® 81J 
 
 97ft 
 
 104 
 105} 
 
 82i 
 
 68 
 
 57i5 
 
 i ® 94ft 
 H® 87i 
 
 'i ® soil 
 
 99 ft 
 85i 
 101 it 
 103ft 
 78i 
 73} 
 57i 
 
 97ft@ 97H 
 
 83| ® 84^ 
 
 82} ® 84i 
 
 llliJ 
 
 84} 
 
 106} 
 
 104i 
 
 77ig 
 
 69} 
 
 55} 
 
 95} 
 
 84i 
 85ft 
 
 ® 97ft 
 ® 85} 
 ® 87} 
 108g 
 84/5 
 1025 
 105t§ 
 75} 
 66} 
 57H 
 
 94 ® 96 
 891J® 91 
 90} ® 91H 
 104} 
 85i 
 104ft 
 105ft 
 76} 
 67} 
 60ft 
 
 Highest and Lowest Monthly Price in Cents per Bushel op 60 Pounds in Chicago op Cash No. 2 
 
 Wheat, 1885-1894. 
 
 [From the iinuual reports of the Chicago Bo;ird of Trade.] 
 
 Tear. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 1885 
 
 76 ® 81} 
 
 74}® 79} 
 
 73}® 79} 
 
 77}® 915 
 
 85}® 905 
 
 84}® 89} 
 
 85i®90} 
 
 78 ® 89 • 
 
 76}® 865 
 
 84}® 91} 
 
 835® 90} 
 
 83}® S9 
 
 1886 
 
 77 ® 84i 
 
 78}® 81} 
 
 75 J® 81 
 
 72} ® 80} 
 
 72}® 79} 
 
 705® 77| 
 
 73 ®79} 
 
 74 ® 785 
 
 72}® 77 
 
 695® 74} 
 
 72}® 76} 
 
 75g® 79} 
 
 1887 
 
 77}® 80} 
 
 72}® 78} 
 
 715® 80} 
 
 76}® 835 
 
 805® 885 
 
 64}® 945 
 
 075® 71} 
 
 66g® 69} 
 
 678® 711 
 
 69}® 72g 
 
 71|® 76§ 
 
 75 ® 79} 
 
 1888 
 
 754® 78} 
 
 74} ® 70} 
 
 715® 76} 
 
 71 ® 81J 
 
 805® 89} 
 
 78}® 86} 
 
 79J®85} 
 
 81}® 94 
 
 90 ®165 
 
 1025® 117} 
 
 102}®116 
 
 97J®106g 
 
 1889 
 
 92 ®102} 
 
 93i®108i 
 
 96}®104} 
 
 79}® 98} 
 
 77}® 86} 
 
 75}® 82 
 
 70J®85 
 
 75}® 79 
 
 75}® 83 
 
 77}® 82} 
 
 78}® 81} 
 
 765® 80 
 
 1890 
 
 74}® 78J 
 
 74}® 76} 
 
 76}® 80} 
 
 77}® 90 
 
 895® 100 
 
 84 ® 93} 
 
 85 ®94 
 
 89}® 1075 
 
 95}® 1045 
 
 96}®103} 
 
 87}®1015 
 
 87}® 93} 
 
 1891 
 
 87}® 96} 
 
 93}® 97} 
 
 94}® 103} 
 
 102 ®1125 
 
 995® 108 
 
 93 ®10U 
 
 S45®94| 
 
 865® 113} 
 
 903® 100 
 
 92}® 99 
 
 91}® 965 
 
 89|® 93} 
 
 1892 
 
 84}® 90} 
 
 84}® 91i 
 
 77}® 89} 
 
 76|® 85} 
 
 80 S> 855 
 
 78 ® 875 
 
 76 ®80 
 
 74}® 80 
 
 71i® 74| 
 
 69}® 745 
 
 695® 73 
 
 69}® 72} 
 
 1893 
 
 72 ® 78} 
 
 72 ® 75} 
 
 72}® 795 
 
 70}® 88 
 
 68}® 76} 
 
 61}® 69 
 
 545®66i 
 
 55}® 635 
 
 62}® 695 
 
 60}® 66} 
 
 585® 63 
 
 59}® 64} 
 
 1894 
 
 59}® 63 
 
 54}® 60} 
 
 55}® 59} 
 
 57}® 635 
 
 53 ® 59} 
 
 53}® 60} 
 
 50}®58} 
 
 ■52 ® 55} 
 
 50®} 54} 
 
 50}® 52} 
 
 51}® 555 
 
 535® 57