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 1776. 
 
 1876. ^ 
 
 CENTENNIAL 
 
 lioiaaf 
 
 L^\v•^^^\Vv\^^^vw wwwwavv 
 
 Menominee County, 
 
 I. 
 
 Hon, E. S. INGALLS, 
 
 
 MKNtlMIN'KK: 
 1876. 
 
 Sv-i- 
 
 > J 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 G. A. VVooDi-ORD, ^^^/'s^, C. E. Aiken, 
 
 C.E.Aiken, ^ V^ ^' ' Cashier. 
 
 G. A. WOODFORD & GO'S 
 
 
 \\\v:\\\\a\\\\v 
 
 OF MENOMINEE, 
 
 Drafts drawn directly on ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND, 
 NORWAY, SWEEDEN, FRANCE, GERMANY, and other 
 Foreign Countries; also on CHICAGO and NEW YORK. 
 
 COLLECTIONS EECEIVB PROMPT ATTENTION. 
 
 General Banking Business Transacted. 
 Menominee, - - . Mich. 
 
 SSSST'^SSS' 
 
 Jeweler | Engraver, 
 
 -DEALER IN — 
 
 FINE WATCHES, CLOCKS, 
 JEWELRY, &C. 
 
 Elgin Watches a Specialty. 
 
 PIANOS AND ORGANS, 
 
 Sold on Long time if desired. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAffilNS FINE WATCHES k JEWrL'.Y. 
 
 All Goods and Work Warranted. 
 Menominee, - - . _ Micj-^in 
 
 ">^ 
 
P R E F A C E. 
 
 The Congress of tlie United States having recommended that 
 short sketches of the history ot the various counties in the sev- 
 eral States be prepared and read on the occasion of the celebra- 
 tion of the anniversary of our Independence on this our Centen- 
 nial year, and that afterwards a copy of the same, either written 
 or printed, be filed with the Librarian of Congress, a copy with 
 the Librarian of the State in which the county is located, and a 
 coi)y with the clerk of the county; and the Governor of Michi- 
 gan having joined in this request in behalf of our own State — 
 and many jironiiiient ( ifizens having urged tne work upon me, 
 as 1 am an old settler 1 have undertaken to prepare a historical 
 sket( h of Menominee County. Mr. Charles McLeod is now the 
 oldest living wh^te sittler in the county, and 1 am indebted to 
 hirn for many of the lacts recorded in this sketch. I have given 
 other facts as related to me by the late John (L Kittson, Esq.. 
 who was also an old settler. I have also referred for data to a 
 small ijamphlet ])ubli^hcd in iSyi by Lewis S. Patrick, and en- 
 titled "Sketches of the Mennminec IJiv.-r." 1 am satisfied that 
 the statLMiients contained in this pami)hlet are substantially cor- 
 rect, for 1 was often a|)plied to during its preparation for infor- 
 mation previously obtained from older settlers, as well as for 
 such incidents as had come within my own observation. I have 
 endeavored to touch (jnly upon salient points, and to present 
 leadinif incidents in a succinct form. All the historv since the 
 summer of 1.S59 has been made within my own observation, but 
 f)r facts occurring previous to that time, my authority is the 
 statements of the settlers who were here when I came. It has 
 been decided to insert the cards of the business men of Menom- 
 
inee County, as in years to come these also become history, and 
 no doubt if this volume has readers twenty-five or fifty years from 
 now, they will be as much interested in the cards as in the other 
 parts of the work, as we now are interested in men and events a 
 quarter or a half centuiy old. In writing a history of Menominee 
 County, I am compelled, in order to make it complete, to in- 
 clude parts of the history of Marinette and Menekaunee, Oconto 
 County, Wisconsin. These villages lying opposite, on the 
 north and south shores of the Menominee river, are so inter- 
 blended in their enterprises and interests, that a history of one 
 necessarily includes much of the history of the other. In writing 
 these few pages, I make no pretentions to literary merit; on the 
 contrary, my desire is to present facts in a succinct form, so that 
 they may be preserved, rather than to have them in flowery style. 
 —[The Author.] 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 HISTORIC SKETCH OF MENOMINEE COUNTY, MICH, 
 
 The history of a new country can reach back but a few years. 
 The unwritten history, if known, would possess a greater inter- 
 est than the written, and could the distant past unfold its 
 record we would read a page of history beside which the times 
 within the knowledge of man would seem tame and commonplace. 
 It is so with Menominee County. 
 
 Could we go back to the days of pre-historic man, we would 
 probably find history so full of tragic interest that it would seem 
 like romance, and even if we had the history of the early Indian 
 races who made this their homes for many generations, it would 
 undoubtedly furnish us much more of incident than we can ob- 
 tain since the white man first paddled his canoe, or pushed his 
 batteaux into the mouth of the Menominee. 
 
 We have no knowledge of the pre-historic man except what is 
 gained from the mounds scattered through the country, and some 
 remnant of streets and cities that have been exhumed, and occa- 
 sionally fortifications, the remains of which furnish satisfactory 
 evidence that the builders were of a race much more numerous 
 and farther advanced in civilization than the races that succeed- 
 ed them and where found here by the white men. 
 
 Abundant evidence that such a race once inhabited Menomi- 
 nee County is found in the mounds within its borders. But 
 
8 CENTtlNNlAL HISTORY. 
 
 tlie^e iiiDumls are the beginning and the end i-f all the hislorv 
 we have of the pre-historic race. 
 
 When the first whi^te man visited Green Bay the Menominee 
 river was the home of the "Menominee Indians," then very 
 numerous, and Mencjniinee was their most popuhms hicality. 
 The abundance of fish running out of (ireen Bay into the rixer: 
 the check they received in climbing the rapids two miles trom 
 the mouth: and the abundance of game in the woods around, en- 
 abled thein to obtain a nving \er\' easily. Their favorable loca- 
 tion, too, on the shores of the bay rich with fish, and at the 
 mouth of the river whose l)ranches enabled them to penetrate 
 the vast regions to the north with their birch bark canoes — these 
 advantages drew large numbers ab ait the mouth of the Menomi- 
 nee. The peaceful character of the Menoniinees was early no- 
 ted by the white traders, and although they were brave as a peo- 
 ple, yet wars rarely arose between them and other tribes, and 
 violence was seldom committed on those who visited them.— 
 Tradition tells of but one battle within the limits of Menominee 
 County, and that was between the Indians living near the mouth 
 of the river and those living in the villages near White Rapids 
 and Grand Rapids. The first were Menominees of course, but 
 it is not certainly known whether their opponents belonged to the 
 same tribe or were Chippevvas, but the presumption is that they 
 belonged to the latter tribe. The battle was fough: near the 
 house of Charles Mcl,eod, aud along the banks of the river near 
 Burying Ground Point. The trouble occurred in this way; — 
 
 The Indians in the village near the mouth of the river, were 
 living on the fat of the land, that is Sturgeon, which they caught 
 in great abundance on the rapids. But an abundance was not 
 enough, for Sturgeon is the special delight of the red man. The 
 Chief, therefore, ordered dams of stones to be built across the 
 river at the rapids, in order to prevent the fish from ascending 
 the river. This caused great suffering at the upper villages, rot 
 the Indians there were largely dependant upon Sturgeon for their 
 subsistence, so the Chief at Grand Rapids sent his son down to 
 ask the potentate at the mouth of the river to tear away the ob- 
 structions, and let the finny monsters wend their way up the 
 stream as usual, stating, at the same time, that his people were 
 suffering for the need thereof. But to this most reasonable re- 
 
 I 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 quest the Chief turned a deaf ear, and sent the son back to his 
 father with an insulting message. But Sturgeon his people must 
 have or starve, and tliis flict, coupled with the insults heaped 
 upon him by the Chief at the mouth of the river, aroused his 
 fighting blood. Calling together his warriors and those from 
 the tribes farther up the river, who were in a like condition, he 
 prepared fur war. With "Sturgeon" for a war cry, they set out 
 down the river to punish the inhabitants of the village, that had 
 wronged them by cutting off their supply of food. At early 
 dawn the wa-; whoop broke the stillness of the morning, and as 
 its death telling echoes and re-echoes were wafted upon the 
 morning breeze, it fell with terrible meaning upon the ears of 
 the Menominees at the mouth of the river, and every warrior 
 was quickly ill irms and ready for fight, in a warfare that show- 
 no q'larter and sought no mercy. The battle was short and 
 sharp. The squaws and children fled to the swamps or crossed 
 the river for safety. The fight raged up and down the river bank 
 and upon the island for two or three hours, when the village fell 
 into the hands of its assailants, and the shore Chieftain was a 
 captive in the bonds of his enemies. He was made a victim of 
 the most terrible torture that savage ingenuity could devise, 
 which was endetl only by death. The loss was great on either 
 side but much more severe on the side of the down river tribe. 
 The contpierors, foregoing farther bloodshed, tore r.way the oli- 
 noxions dams, and returned to their homes, followed up by the 
 unsuspecting ;-4urgcon, which were again caught in peace and 
 plenty. The writer received this accouit from the late John 
 G. Kittson, and he, in turn, obtained the traditions from the 
 Indians living on the river vvhen he came here. The tradition, 
 as handed down, is much more full than is here given, but the 
 object of this record is rather to preserve the fact of its existence 
 than to make a story, and therefore much of the minutiae is 
 omitted. 
 
 The Menominee Indians are fast fading away, and where there 
 were thousands wlien the white men came, it is rare now to find 
 one. When the writer came here, it was very common to se<* a 
 village of wigwams at the rapids, the occujjants busy catching 
 and smokir.g aseason s stock of the staff of life, / t\, Sturgeon, 
 as a su]))»ly of proxisions to la-.t until tlic deer were iat enough 
 
lO 
 
 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 
 
 to eat. It was also common to see fleets of bark canoes, loaded 
 down with scjuaws and pappooses, coasting along the shores of 
 Green Bay. Nearly all of these now live on their Reservations 
 at Keshena and Shawano. Many of them have become civil- 
 ized and have good common schools and churches. A few yet 
 remain around Menominee, but their days are numbered. Like 
 the pines of their native forests they cannot withstand the effects 
 of fivllization, and tlie time is not far distant when there will 
 not be an Indian left on the Menominee to cherish the memory, 
 or even preserve the name of the peaceful tribe that once roamed 
 over these hunting grounds, proud in the freedom of savage life. 
 
CHAPTER ir. 
 
 THE FIRST WHITE SETTLERS ON THE MENOMINEE. 
 
 Tradition says that the first white man on the Menominee was 
 a negro; although old 'Joe Bart," as lie wascalled, a half breed, 
 always claimed that honor. In sui)i)ort of the first claim, how- 
 ever, traditionary lore informs us that in early times, a negro 
 Indian trader, accompanied l)y a Canadian voyageur in his em- 
 ployment, visited this shore many years before Chappee came 
 here, and that both were killed .'U a i-lace on the Peshtigo river, 
 several miles above where the village of that name now stands. 
 It is said he had previously traded with the Indians and given 
 them credit, and that at the time he was killed, a party of Indi- 
 ans living at Sturgeon Bay, came across to trade with him; that 
 he insisted on their paying up for goods for wliic li lit had jncvi- 
 ously trusted them before he began to trade with thcni again. 
 which they consented to do. This took about all the furs and 
 deerskins they had with them, and after he had got scpiare with 
 them he refiised to trust them any more or to sell them anything 
 for which they eould not ])ay down. This arrangement flitl not 
 suit the Indians. 'I'hey thought the Trader had taken an unfair 
 advantage of them and got their fiirs and peltries. They lost 
 sight of the fact that the\ harl many months before had their i)ay 
 for them, and had had so many mojiths 'enjoyment of the trader's 
 
12 
 
 CENTENNIAL IIIS'J ORY. 
 
 property, and thought they had been wronged because he had 
 got his pay for the property they had previously bought of him. 
 'Inhere are very many white men at the present day who reason 
 just Uke them, but, u dike the white men, theXhad the remedy of 
 their fancied wrongs in their own hands, which they immediate- 
 ly applied; that is, they lifted the hair of the negro and his com- 
 panion, and confiscated his goods, and thus paid their debts and 
 obtained a large supply of plunder at the same time. This is a 
 tradition common among the early settlers. The only proof we 
 have to support it is the fact that there is a place up the Peshtigo 
 river called "Nigger's Hill," where, the tradition says, the un- 
 fortunate trader lost his wool. The reader may call this history 
 or tradition, which he chooses, but in early times there were 
 many who believed it, and there are some even now who believe 
 he buried quite a sum of money in silver, wdiich still lies there. 
 The first white man who came to Menominee to stay was 
 Chappee, an Indian trader, who came here as an agent for the 
 American Fur Company and established a post in 1796, At 
 that time many thousand Indians visited the Menominee river ev. 
 ery season, while at the north and about the headquarters of the 
 river, and towards Lake Superior, the Chippewas had numerous 
 villages which were accessible by birch canoes. There was an 
 abundance of beaver, otter, mink, muskrat, martin and fishers, 
 bear, deer, and less valuable game, throughout the country, and 
 this post became an important trading point. Chappee was a 
 French-Canadian voyageur, with sufficient education to keep 
 what books were necessary for an Indian trading post, and was 
 apparently the right man for the place. He was stirring and ac- 
 tive, and had sufficient courage and nerve for any emergency 
 that might ,0.rise. He ^had a large number of men, picked up 
 from that class of Canadian voyageurs who preferred a life in the 
 solitude cf the forests to a home with civilization, and his post 
 sometimes presented the appearance of a well garrisoned fort, 
 and at other times he was left almost solitary and alone to de- 
 fend it if hostile Indians approached. His post was solidly 
 built of logs with palisades made of heavy timbeis set in the 
 ground around it. Some portions of the one near Chappee's 
 Rapids were remaining when the writer of this came in the coun- 
 try in 1859. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 1 3 
 
 A story is told illustrating his nerve in danger as well as the 
 uncomfortable position an Indian trader is sometimes placed in 
 when his post is far out en the frontier, away from civilized men. 
 I state the story as it was related to me by the late John G. Kitt- 
 son, several years before his death. 
 
 All of the white men belonging to the post had been sent away 
 on various expeditions, leaving only Chappee and one white man. 
 A band of Indians from a distance, who were none too friendly, 
 came to the post, antl before Chappee had discovered the char- 
 acter of his visitors they had come within the stockade and in- 
 side the building used for the store-room. At first they began 
 peaceably to talk of trade, but soon got noisy and threatening, 
 and it was not long before he became satisfied, from their ac- 
 tions, that the object of their visit was to rob him of his goods 
 and probably to lift his scalp. To fight them was out of the 
 question, for not only were they inside of the stockade, but were 
 crowding around his small counter inside of the store building, 
 and all of his reliable men were miles away and where he could 
 not recall them. He tried by pleasant words to still the storm 
 and avert the danger, without avail; they grew more and more 
 threatening, and when, as he thought, the crisis had nearly ap- 
 ])roache(l, he nil led out a keg of gunpowder which was open at 
 the end, and catching u]) a loaded pistol he cocked it and point- 
 ted it into the gunpowder, and with flashing eyes turned to their 
 < hief and told him that if every Indian was not out of the stock- 
 ade in two minutes he would fire into the gunpowder, and send 
 them and go with them into the haj)i)y hunting grounds. They 
 knew by his tone and the flash of his eye that he meant business, 
 and being suddenly impressed witli the idea that discretion was 
 the better part of valor, in less than two minutes not an Indian 
 was to be seen inside the stockade The be.^t of the matter was 
 that they became so favorably impressed with his bravery, tney 
 immediately made friends with him, and he got a good trade 
 with them, and they always remained his friends, and often af- 
 terwards vi'ited him, to hi.s and the An^erican l"ur Company's 
 great profit. 
 
 Chappee buill his first trading post on the Wisconsin side of 
 the Menominee river, near where Marinette's house now stands, 
 and not far from where the railroad bridge reaches that bank of 
 
14 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORY 
 
 the river. He carried on his trade with the Indians for many 
 years, until dispossessed by Farnsvvorth & Brush, as will be 
 hereafter stated. Afrer| being dis-possessed of his property by 
 them, he crossed the Menominee river and built a new trading 
 post near the foot t»f "Chappee's Rapids"' — which were nam- 
 ed after him — about five miles up the river from the village of 
 Menominee, where he remained trading with the Indians until 
 he died; in 1852. He surrounded this post with palisades in 
 the same manner as he did the first one, and some oi these re- 
 mained standing until after I came into the country. Chappee 
 took to himself a squaw, with whom he lived, and raised children, 
 as was the custom with the traders in those days, but to whom he 
 was never married. Some of the descendants a few years ago 
 were, and probably now are, living about the Peshtigo river, in 
 Oconto County, Wisconsin. 
 
 The next permanent white settlers who came were William 
 Farnsworth and Charles Brush, who came the same season, and 
 operated together after their arrival. They arrived in 1822. 
 They were stirring, wide-awake business men, but without so nice 
 a sense of vieum and teum as would stand particularly in the way 
 of their carrying out any enterprise that they might undertake. 
 About the first important enterprise they entered into was to 
 root out Chappee from his trading- post, before alluded to. Un- 
 fortunately, Chappee, through want of discretion, or perhaps 
 forgetting that he was then the only white settler in the country 
 having authority, opened the way for them, and made the oppor- 
 tunity, of which they were only too ready to avail themselves. 
 Owing to some difficulty Chappee, soon after they came on the 
 river, got into a quarrel with the chiefs — Spaniard and Shenege- 
 sick, and a brother of the latter. During the fracas he lost a 
 thumb. Making more of the matter than prudence required, 
 he caused these chiefs to be arrested and taken to Green Bay, 
 (Fort Howard) and imprisoned in the fort there by the Uni- 
 ted States troops stationed at that place. These chiefs were told 
 that they were to be taken to Detroit and imprisoned there, and 
 in some way they got the idea that as a punishment for the loss 
 of Chappee's thumb they were to have their teeth knocked out. 
 These stories were, undoubtedly, started by some of the white 
 men, and told the Indians to get a sell ow them, (to use a slang 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. I 5 
 
 term.) The Indians being very credulous, believed the reports 
 and told the chiefs, who, as well as their followers, were very 
 much frightened and supposed the offense was a very serious one. 
 This was an opportunity for Farnsworth. For many years be- 
 fore he came to Menominee he had been employed by the Amer- 
 ican Fur Company, and was well acquainted with Indian cus- 
 toms, their language and habits of thought. Possibly he had 
 something to do in circulating the stories, though that such is 
 the fact, tradition saith not. At any rate the chance was too 
 good to be lost, and when their terror had approached its climax, 
 he made his way to Green Bay and interceded for the chiefs 
 with such good effect that he obtained their release. This made 
 the tribe his fast friends for life, and a blow was thus struck at 
 Chappee's popularity from which he never fully recovered. The 
 "ood will of the chiefs did not end with words. They strove to 
 show their appreciation of one who had proved a friend indeed, 
 when they were in need, by making him a grant of all the land 
 on that side of the river, from the mouth to the rapids, which 
 grant included Chappee's trading post. How far back from 
 the river the grant extended, tradition does not show, an<i as 
 there is no written record of the grant, there is now no means 
 of ascertaining, but as land at that time had no stated market 
 value, it is presumable that it extended as far back as he might 
 choose to consider it, so that it did not interfere with anybody's 
 rights who might be living on the Peshtigo river. This presump- 
 tion is strenglhed by the fact that the Indians, who only wanted'' 
 the land for hunting purposes, could continue to have just as 
 much use of it as if they had not given it away. 
 
 The one thing that Farnsworth t//W want he got, and that was 
 Chai)pee's trading post. One day when the latter was away, 
 taking advantage of his absence, Farnsworth and his followers 
 entered and took i)ossession cf the post. They piled the goods, 
 wares, whiskey, furs, squaws, pappooses &c., out, and as writs 
 for "forcible entry and detainer" were not in fashion then on the 
 Menominee, and the aggressors were the stronger party, Chappee, 
 on his return, feeling completely disgusted with the turn things 
 had taken, piled his traps into his canoes and paddled them up 
 to the foot of the ra])ids which still bear his name^ and there 
 
16 
 
 CENTPZNNIAL IIISTORV 
 
 Iniilt another stockade, as I have before stated, and made a final 
 
 stand for his rights. 
 
 While the course taken by Farnsworth in this matter, may not 
 have been strictly according to the code now supposed to regu- 
 late the acts of the people of the State of Wisconsin, it wa^, one 
 step forward in the course of civilization on the Menominee Riv- 
 er; in fact it was the//-jVstep or led to it. Though Farnsworth 
 was an Indian trader, he was also something mere; he had good 
 business capacity, and Brush, who was associated with him, had 
 quite as good. They were not long in coming to the conclusion 
 that there was something better than furs and peltries, and when 
 they cast their eyes around as they journeyed up the Menomi- 
 nee, and saw the tall pines on its banks, they began to speculate 
 on their probable value if sawed into boards, and got into a 
 market, where white men lived ; also seeing the schools of white 
 fish coming up the river, out of Green Bay, the thought struck 
 them that they could be caught and packed in barrels and ship- 
 ped to some place where whitefish would be esteemed a luxury 
 and return to them many a silver dollar for the silver scales of 
 the whitefish. 
 
 It is true there was then no Chicago to furnish a market for its 
 thousand million feet of lumber each year, nor to handle its ten 
 thousand barrels of fish. There was no Milwaukee to rival Chi- 
 cago, and no railroads to carry these articles of produce to thou- 
 sands of, cities and villages now ;-,piead out over the west ; no 
 steamboats, even, to take them down the lakes to cities and vil- 
 lages of white men. 
 
 Green Bay settlement was just where the city now stands, but 
 there was very little of it then. There was the fort on the Fort 
 Howard side of the Fox river, and a small rambling village on 
 the Green Bay side, whose inhabitants were principally fur trad- 
 ers or men who were employed by the traders, and here and 
 there, for a few miles up the river, were some of the old voyag- 
 eurs, who, getting old and tired of wild life, had taken land and 
 opened up small farms. But these men were not to be discour- 
 aged by the untoward prospects of a market. If there was no 
 market in the West there was in the East, and they would fintl 
 one somewhere ; besides, they believed in the future of the west- 
 ern country, and they lived to see their belief verified, though 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. I 7 
 
 not to the extent to realize to themselves all the advantages 
 which they expected to d<°rive from their labors. Their first en- 
 terprise was the building of a sawmill, which was commenced in 
 1832, and was the first mill built on the Menominee river. It 
 was a water mill, and was built on the Wisconsin side, a short 
 distance above where the Chicago and Northwestern Railway 
 now leaves the bank in crossing. A dam was constructed across 
 to one of the islands, which gr.ve them a pond and head of wat- 
 er, and what we would now call an old fashioned sawmill was 
 built, one that would cut six or eight thousand feet of lumber 
 each day, and not such an one as we have at present, with their 
 clock work machinery and capacity of from one to two hundred 
 thousand feet of lumber each day. The mill was run by them 
 a few years. At some time not now precisely known, one Sam- 
 uel H. Farnsvvorth bought an interest either in the mill or in the 
 water power formed by the rapids. It has been stated, however, 
 that this mill had been sold at Sheriff's sale for debt, and 
 the bid for it was purchased from the bidder, D. M. Whitney of 
 Green Bay, for eighteen barrels of white fish, by Samuel H. 
 Farnsworth. 
 
 I cannot learn, fully, at what time or how he was interested, 
 buc only learn the fact that about the year 1839, Dr. J. C. Kail 
 came on the river and bought out Samuel H. Farnsworth's inter- 
 est, and also bought into this mill with Farnsworth & Brush, 
 and within two or three years after that time, the dam went out 
 and the mill was abandoned, and in 1844 Dr. Hall built anoth- 
 er dam and mill which will be hereafter referred to. 
 
 Besides furnishing the power for sawing lumber, the building 
 of the dam opened the way for the fish business. After it was 
 constructed, :hey built a wier along on the apron below the 
 dam; and in the season when the fish were running, they caught 
 great quantities, with no other trouble than going out in the 
 morning with scoop nets and scooping them out of the wier. 
 In some seasons they caught as many as five hundred and fifty 
 barrels, with no expense, comparatively, except dressing, salting 
 and packing. 
 
 William Farnsworth was lost on the steamer Lady Elgin, 
 whicli was sunk in i860 by a collision with a vessel between 
 
I 8 CENTENNIAL IIIS'lORY 
 
 Waukegan, Illinois, and Chicago. It is not now known what be- 
 came of Brush, or whether he still lives. 
 
 The next white man to follow those above mentioned and take 
 up a permanent resilience here, was John G. Kittson. He came 
 in 1826 as a clerk for the American Fur Company under Chap- 
 pee. He was the son of a British officer who was, or had been 
 stationed in Canada. Mr. Kittson spent the remainder of his 
 life in this vicinity, and died in 1872, his death being hastened, 
 as it is believed, by the exposure and suffering he and his fam- 
 ily were subjected to, on the night of the great woods fire, in 
 October 1871. He was a very intelligent and stirring nian and 
 was all his life actively engaged in the fur trade or in farming, 
 and he had the honor of clearing and working the first farms ever 
 opened in this County, one at Wausaukee Bend above Grand 
 Rapids, and another at Chappee's Rapids, near the old trading 
 post, where he resided for many years before the great fire. He 
 had great influence over the Indians, and was at all times a 
 friend to their interests. The Indians always spoke of Mr. Kitt- 
 son as ''the writer," a name they gave him on account of his 
 doing all the writing for them in iheir various transactions with 
 the Government. He has left many descendants who still make 
 the Menominee their home. One son, John Kittson, was killed 
 in the war of the Rebellion, in Slierman's marcli to the sea. 
 
 In 1826 came also Joseph Duncan who was employed as a pack- 
 er by the American Fur Ccmpan} . He was a brave soldier and 
 fought at the battle of Plattsburgh. He might be entitled to a 
 pension, only, unfortunately, h.* was fi^\iting on the wrong 
 side. He w^as a British soldier, is still li\ing, and makes his 
 home with Charles McLeod, and believes himself to be between 
 eighty and ninety years old, though he cannot tell exactly. 
 
 The next white men who came to stay permanently were 
 Baptiste Premeau and Charles McLeod, who arrived in 1832, 
 They are still living here at Menominee, Charles McLeod being 
 now 64 years old. Joseph De (]oto came the same year and is 
 still alive. He is living on a farm at White Rapids, and is now 
 70 years old. A good story is told of De Goto, who is French, 
 and does not talk the best of English. A few years ago he had 
 a lawsuit with John G. Kittson, with whom he was not on the 
 best of terms, about a horse which Kittson replevined. De Goto 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 1 9 
 
 could not speak the name Kittson but always called it "Dix- 
 on." Soon after the time of the suit with Kittson, a Catholic 
 Priest, who made occasional visits to the Menominee river, and 
 through the wild settlements, came here and visited De Goto at 
 White Rapids, so De Coto made him a present of a pony to as- 
 sist him in his travels on his missionary journeys. The matter 
 of his suit with Kittson would occasionally come up, when he 
 invariably worked himself into a passion, and after exhausting 
 every ex])letive in the Canadian French vocabulary, he would 
 cool off with, "Veil, I give vay two boss; I give von to de Lord 
 and I give von to de devil : I give von to de Priest and I give 
 von to John Dixon." 
 
 In this connection it may be well to state that the Jacobs have, 
 since an early day, been a prominent family, and although their 
 residence was on the AVisconsin side of the river, their history 
 is blended with that of Menominee county, and it is proper that 
 it should have its place in this brief sketch. 
 
 When William Farnsworth first came to the Menominee, Ma- 
 rinette was a blooming young woman, bright and intelligent. 
 She was the daughter of a daughter of Wabashish (the Marten), 
 a chief of the Menominees, and P.artholomew Shevaliere, a 
 white man. 
 
 When Bartholomew Shevaliere came to the Menominee, or 
 whether or not he ever made his home here, tradition saith not, 
 but from the best information obtainable, it is thought that he 
 never did. 
 
 Joseph Bartholomew Shevaliere (Joe Bart), a brother of Mari- 
 nette, was his son, and it is owing to that fact that he made the 
 claim, as before stated, that he was the first white man who lived 
 at Menominee. 
 
 It is not known whether or not Marinette was born on the 
 Menominee. Tlie first we know of her is, that John B. Jacobs, 
 a man from Canada, who wasemjjloyed in the fur trade in early 
 times, had her for h.s wife at Mackinaw. While they lived to- 
 gether they had several children, two of whom, John B. Jacobs 
 and Elizabeth McLeod, are still living. John B. Jacobs is now 
 fifty-eight years old, and resides in Green Bay, Wisconsin , Eliz- 
 abeth McLeod is sixty years old, and lives here in Menominee, 
 tile wife of Charles McLeod. For some reason not known John 
 
20 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 B. Jacobs Sr. parted froui Marinette at Mackinaw. Afterwards 
 William Farnsworth becaipe enamored of her, and took her for 
 his wife, and when he came to Menominee, in 1S22, brought 
 her and her children with him. He had children by her, one of 
 whom, George Farnsworth, of Green Bay Wisconsin, is still 
 living. John B. Jacobs (the son) grew up on the Menominee 
 and became closely identified with its interests, and was promi- 
 nent in all enterprises which were started for its advancement. 
 For many years he owned and run the steamboat "Queen City" 
 between Menominee and Green Bay. Marinette died in 1863, 
 highly honored by all the residents about the river. She was 
 seventy-two years old when she died, and had been looked to as 
 amother by all the early settlers and Indians, for she had always 
 been ready to assist the needy and comfort the distressed. The 
 first orchard of apple trees was set out by her, which is still 
 growing and bearing fruit. Her house is still standing in Mari- 
 nette village, and is the first frame house built on the Menomi- 
 nee river. 
 
 The earliest settlers came from Canada in Batteaux, sailing and 
 pcling them up the St. Lawrence river and Lake Ontario, and, 
 before the Welland Canal was constructed, up the Niagara river, 
 by portage around the Falls into Lake Erie, up Lake Erie and 
 Detroit river through Lake and River St. Clair ; along Lake 
 Huron and through the Straits of Mackinaw into Lake Michi- 
 gan, and up Green Bay to the Menominee River; the voyage 
 requiring several months, and being attended with great hard- 
 ships and exposure. It was many years before a steamer was 
 seen here, or before even sail vessels became frequent on the 
 waters of Green Bay. The country was then all wilderness, 
 fiom the Detroit river to the Pacific Ocean, excepting a kw 
 trading posts; those at Mackinaw and Green Bay being the only 
 ones in this section. We who can now step on the cars and in 
 forty-eight hours reach Montreal, can hardly realize that less than 
 fifty years ago it took a whole season to come from there ; nor 
 can we understand the hardships the early traders had to endure 
 when they made the first settlement in Menominee. 
 
 The next permanent settler was Andrew Eveland. He came 
 in 1842, and in 1853 built the first frame building in what is 
 now the village of Menominee. He is still living here. His 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 21 
 
 business has usually been fishing. Charles McLeod built a frame 
 house In 1952 and still resides in it, on the river bank, just out- 
 side the village. This was the first frame house in the county. 
 Next among the old settlers is John Quimby, who came in 1845 
 and died in 1874, aged 65 years. At first he had charge of the 
 fisheries and the boarding house of Dr. Hall's water-mill at the 
 rapids. He afterwards built a tavern where the Kirby House 
 now stands, wliich was destroyed by fire in i859- Quimby im- 
 mediately began to rebuild. He first put up a small building 
 which he added to from time to time until, with the exception 
 ot one addition made since he sold it, it formed what is now the 
 Kirby House. Here he kept the only hotel in Menominee un- 
 til 1S64, when he sold the pioperty to S. P. Saxton, and its name 
 was changed to "Saxton House." Saxton sold the house to a 
 man named Bopard, who made the last addition to it and sold it 
 to Fred Waltz, who sold it to Abner Kirby, of the film of Kir- 
 by-Carpenter Company, and ex-Mayor of Milwaukee, who fitted 
 it up again, and named it "Kirby House," John Quimby wrs 
 a man of marked characteristics and either a warm friend or a 
 good hater. There was never any trouble in learning which 
 relation he bore to a person, for he never hesitated to make it 
 known, yet he was so kind hearted that if he saw an enemy suf- 
 fering and in want he would be the first to assist him. He was 
 a great fighter, and so long as his opponent resisted would nev- 
 er give an inch, yet he never bore malice, and when the res'st- 
 once was over, if his opponent came to grief, he was the first to 
 extend a helping hand. He was also a great hunter, aud found 
 his greatest enjoj .nent in going with rifle, hounds, and a few 
 friends, to some place along the shore of Green Bay, there to 
 camp out for a few days and run deer into the bay and, with a 
 boat, tocatchthem. When the writer first came to Menominee 
 he frecjuenily joined him in these expeditions, and many a deer 
 have they taken together. Quimby owned very much of the 
 land on which the village of Menominee now stands, and fully 
 performed his part of the work in building it uj), though he 
 could never fully realize that Menominee was to become a large 
 place. When the writer first came, and after he had resided here 
 long enough to become acquainted with its resources for build- 
 ing up a large town, he frequently talked witli him about build- 
 
2 2 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 ing a railroad tlirough the county, and his reply usually was that 
 he never wanted to live any longer than to see a railroad through 
 these woods. He did live to see one several years. His widow 
 is still living here and she has always been considered a mother 
 to the white settlers on the river, and many a foot -sore and sick 
 traveler or woodsman has been relieved by her care and sympathy, 
 some there are who, without it, would have been long ago in 
 their graves. She is now nearly seventy years of age, and is 
 still active. I have given a short history of the coming of 
 the first settlers, none of whom are now living except Charles 
 McLeod, Almira Quimby Andreas Eveland, and Baptiste Pre- 
 meau, who may be truly called old settlers. Moses Hardwick 
 came here in 1826, and lived here several years. He is still liv- 
 ing at Bay Settlement, on the east shore of Green Bay. An- 
 other class, who may also be called old settlers as compared with 
 late comers, and who built the mills now on the river and gave the 
 country its real start in prosperity, but who came later than those 
 hereinbefore referred to, will necessarily be named in connec- 
 tion with the building of the seyeral mills, and will thus appear 
 in the order of their coming here. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE MILLS OK THE MENOMINEE. 
 
 The mills built on the Wisconsin side of the Menominee riv- 
 er are so directly connected with the history of Menominee 
 county, that I feel a difficulty in writing the history of those on 
 our side of the river and the men connected with them without 
 at the same time writing of those on that side. The men who 
 built them have had large interests in Menominee county, and 
 have helped to make its history, and I shall not only feel compel- 
 led but also take pleasure in giving their history so far as is 
 necessary to give a correct record of our own. In early times 
 no distinction was made in speaking of this part of the country, 
 and nothing was thought of the fact that the Menominee river 
 divided the two states — Michigan and Wisconsin. The people 
 who resided here, on either side of the river, when asked where 
 they lived, replied, at Menominee ; and a person coming here, 
 whether to one side or the other, if asked where he was going, 
 answered, to Menominee ; and even now the people, although 
 divided off by the State line, and part of them living in Menom- 
 inee, Michigan, and a part in Marinette and Menekaunee, Wis., 
 feel they are one people ; that their interests arc identical, and 
 
24 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 have always, in all things of general public utility, worked har- 
 moniously together. As has been before stated the first mill 
 on the river was built by Farnsworth & Brush in 1832. The 
 second one was built in i84i by Charles McLeod, at Twin Island 
 Rapids, about eighteen miles up the river from its mouth, and 
 was also run by water. From this mill the lumber was floated 
 down the river in rafts and out to the anchorage in the Bay. 
 This was a srnall mill with the old fashioned sash saw, and every 
 thing about it but the saw and such connections as necessarily 
 had to be of iron was constructed of wood ; even the cogs of the 
 wheels of the running works were of wood. A large portion of 
 the work was done by Charles McLeod in person. This mill 
 was run but a few years, when, owing to the low price of lumber, 
 and the expense of getting it to market, it was abandoned and 
 gradually fell into decay, and now nothing remains of it but a 
 ridge of stones across the river where the dam stood. 
 
 After the dam of the Farnsworth & Brush mill broke away, 
 Dr. Hall built another mill higher up the rapids. The dam of 
 this was built across the river from the Wisconsin side to an 
 Island; and from the Island to the Michigan side, and the mill 
 was erected on the Menominee side, and soon quite a little vil- 
 lage was built ujj on the bank near it for the use of the people 
 employed in and about it. This mill was built in 1844, and had 
 a capacity for sawing equal to 6,000,000 feet per year. Here an 
 incident occurred that tends to illustrate life in those days. It 
 had been the custom, previous to the building of this dam, for 
 Kittson and Chappee to boat their supplies of provisons and 
 merchandise up the river. They first sacked their loaded bat- 
 teaux up over the rapids, and when once above the rapids the 
 current was not so strong as to prevent them from poling up the 
 river to the next rapids, and then by sacking over those they 
 found a light current again, and could continue to do the same 
 until they reached Pemina Falls, where they were compelled to 
 make a portage. 
 
 As I have and may again be compelled to use the words "sack 
 or sacking," and although the word is perfectly familiar to river- 
 men it may not be so to others, I will diverge from my subject 
 to explain its meaning. 
 
 The river-men and all the lumbermen have two words that have 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 25 
 
 a peculiar and technical meaning — to "sack" and to "drive," 
 or "sacking and driving." When the logs or sticks of timber 
 are ruryiing down the stream they call that "driving." If they 
 get stuck in the rapids they are compelled to wade into the 
 water and with hand-pikes and pevees (pike poles) lift and roll 
 them off the rocks and to a place where the current is' deep 
 enough to float them, and this is called sacking. Where a ca- 
 noe or boat has to be forced up rapids where the current is so swift 
 that the boatmen cannot force their boa:s up with poles, they 
 jump into the water, and, with ropes attached to the canoe or 
 boat, wade in the water and drag it after them; the work being 
 of' a similar character to that of sacking logs; they call it sack- 
 ing, also. This reminds me of an anecdote : 
 
 In early times we had living here at Menominee a lumberman 
 and river-driver who was remarkable for the Munchausen stories 
 he told. He was always the hero of every remarkable adven- 
 ture he related. He told a story at one time to illustrate his 
 wonderful ability as a river-driver: He said he was once em- 
 ployed with another man to take a batteau load of provisions to 
 a camj) high up the river; that his comrade called himself a first 
 class river-driver; that they got along very well' until they came 
 to some very bad ripids, over which the river drivers usually 
 sacked their boats, but his companion boasted so much of his 
 powers they concluded that instead of sacking up the rapids they 
 would attempt to pole up ; that he took the forward end of the 
 batteau and his comrade tlie stern ; everything went well until 
 they had got nearly to the he-ad of the rapids, where the great- 
 est pitch was, and where the water was coming down like a flood 
 from an open sluice ; he was facing up stieam and poling with 
 all the strength he had, when all at once he felt his end of the 
 batteau lighten up, and looking around to see what occasioned 
 it he found that his comrade had not kept his end of the boat 
 up with him and he being in the bows had pulled the batteau in 
 two in the middle, and the — cuss was going down stream in his 
 end of the batteau with the goods in that end. Munchausen 
 said he was so mad that he kept pushing his end of the boat up 
 the rapids and safely arrived at the head of them and landed his 
 part of the load on'the shore, then went down to the foot of the 
 
2 6 CENTENNIAL HISTORY- 
 
 rapids where his comrade had just reached shore wilh his part of 
 it. "But the worst of it was," said he. "we had then to go clean 
 down to the mouth of the river and get another canoe and, pole 
 it up there, before we could go on with our load." He had told 
 the story so many times that he actually believed it, and was al- 
 ways ready to fight with any one who disputed him or made 
 light of it. I started out with the intention of relating an incident 
 that occurred at Dr. Hall's dam, and I draw on "Sketches of the 
 Menominee River," by Lewis S. Patrick, for the incident. 
 
 John G. Kittson at that time lived at Wausaukee Bend, where 
 he had a trading post and farm. Chappee lived at his trading 
 post at the foot of Chappee's Rapids. This dam stop])ed them 
 from navigating the river in the style they had followed for so 
 many years, which raised the ire of both. The first time that Kitt- 
 son came down the river and learned that the dam had been 
 built his indignation was aroused, and, like the Indi.Tn Chief 
 before mentioned, gathered his warriors about him and started 
 on the war path— that is, he collected the trappers and such oth- 
 ers as stopped around his post and started down the river to 
 tear away the dam, fully determined to accomplish his object or 
 die in the attempt: When they arrived at the dam Kittson was 
 the first to mount it and assume all responsibility. He com- 
 menced by establishing a dead line and forbidding any one to 
 pass within it but his followers, on pain of death. Then, with 
 his men, he soon cut away the ciam and made a passage for his 
 boats. While the work was being prosecuted De Coto, who did 
 not fully understand the state of affairs, came up and, being cu- 
 rious to know what was going on, came within the dead line, 
 when Kittson, instead of shooting him down as he had before 
 intimated he would do to any one disobeying his orders, clinch- 
 ed in with him; and in the struggle that followed they both 
 rolled into the river, and had not the other men interfered it is 
 probable that De Coto would soon have been food for catfish. 
 When they had dragged De Coto to land and he had had time to 
 spout the water out of his mouth, his feelings could not be re- 
 strained, and he burst out with, "You sacre Got tam John Dix- 
 on ! You sacr-r-r-e Got tam John Dixon !" and turning indignant- 
 ly on his heel walked away, and until out of hearing could be 
 heard that, "You sacre Got tam John Dixon." This act of 
 
 i 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 2"] 
 
 John Kittson's in cutting away the dam led to considerable con- 
 tention and some lawing, but as the law machines were not in 
 good working order nothing came of it. All the country from 
 Mackinaw to the Menominee river was then within the 
 county of Mackinaw, and there was not an officer this side of 
 Mackinaw Island, a distance by the shore of one hundred and 
 eighty miles, and no way to get there but by following the beach 
 on foot or by sail boat or batteaux. But Farnsworth determined 
 to have law, and went to Mackinaw for a warrant for Kittson. 
 When he arrived there and applied to a justice for a warrant, he 
 was informed by him that he could have one by putting up five 
 hundred dollars to cover expenses, otherwise he could not. 
 Farnsworth thought that he could rebuild the dam for less than 
 that amount, and therefore returned without a warrant. On his 
 return he was arrested on a warrant issued at Green Bay, Brown 
 County Wis., then embracing all of Oconto County. He was 
 taken to Green Bay but discharged from want of jurisdiction or 
 .some other cause. The difficulty was afterwards compromised by 
 the owners of the mill agreeing to put in a lock and slide, which, 
 however, proved to be of no practical benefit. 
 
 It is said that one Jerome was connected with Dr. Hall in buy- 
 ing into the Farnsworth & Brush Mill, and that afterwards tho 
 latter parties became dissatisfied and the entire interest was pur 
 chased by Hall & Jerome. Afterwards Jerome sold his interest 
 to a man named Spaids, who sold to Zenas Cobb of Chicago. 
 Ck)bb sold to Dr. Hall about the year 1847, who continued to 
 run the mill until 1851, when, becoming pecuniarily embarrassed, 
 his creditors took the mill in charge and sawed the logs for their 
 own use. The property finally went into the hands of Gardner 
 & Baker, creditors of Hail, who sold it to Elsworth, Shepard & 
 Douglas in 1853; they becoming involved assigned it to Luding- 
 ton & Fawes. This mill was burned in 1856, the dam afterwards 
 went out, and the buildings along' the shore gradually went to de- 
 cay, and now there is nothing left of the old works. The loca- 
 tion is known and will long continue to be known as "Dr. Hall's 
 mill," or the "Old Water mill." The Menominee River Manu 
 facturing Company have since rebuilt a dam there on the .same 
 location, but the pond is only used to aid in booming and divid- 
 ing logs in connection with their other dams. 
 
28 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORY. 
 
 I forgot to state that Henry Bentley, now living at Marinette, 
 was interested in the Brush & Farnsworth mill. He first came 
 to Menominee in 1847, but soon went away again, and returned 
 in 1849. H^ ^s ^ son-in-law of Dr. Hall. He bought an inter- 
 est in that mill, fixed it up and run it until 1854, when it was 
 abandoned and suffered to go to decay. 
 
 The next mill built in this county was on the Big Cedar river, 
 two miles up from its entrance into Green Bay, at the present 
 town of Cedarville. This was also a water mill, and built by 
 Hackbone «S>: Boyden in 1854. Joel S. Fisk, of Green Bay, 
 Wis., (now of Ft. Howard,) bought Hackbone's interest in it, 
 and afterwarwards sold to Samuel Hamilton and Sylvester Lynn 
 in 1854 or 5. Hamilton & Lynn, thinking that they could not 
 make lumber fast enough by water power, built a steam mill at the 
 mouth of the river and suffered the water mill to go to decay, 
 and nothing is now left of it except a few ruins. Lynn parted 
 with his interest to Boyden & Spinner, who afterwards sold to 
 James McCaffrey, who failed and the mill passed into the hands 
 of the Marine Bank, of Chicago, (J. Y. Scammon & Co.) It 
 was conveyed to J. M. Underwood, of Chicago, who in 1862, 
 put S. P. Saxton in charge of it. He remained there and run the 
 mill until the fall of 1864, when he removed to Menominee. 
 Underwood sold to Jesse Spalding and Robert Law, of Chicago, 
 in 1862, who fitted it up and run it to a profit. Law sold his in- 
 terest to H. H. Porter, about the year i864. Finally the mill 
 came by purchase into the hands of Lemoyne, Hubbard &Wood 
 who during the present year sold the mill back to Spalding, and 
 the mill is now doing a good business. It has a sawing capacity 
 of 12,000,000 feet, board measure, per year, and may, by press- 
 ing, cut more than that amount. 
 
 The next mill built on the Menominee River was commenced 
 in 1856, by a corporation called "The New York Lumber Com- 
 pany." This mill was situated on the main shore of the river at 
 Menekaune, on the Wisconsin side, and it is said eighty thousand 
 dollars were expended on it before a board was sawed. Wheth- 
 er such was the fact or not, the company was not successful in 
 the prosecution of its business, and was forced into an assign- 
 ment for the benefit of Creditors about the year 1858. The 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 29 
 
 mill wa5 then run by Hosmer &: Fowler, (Col. Roger Fowler) 
 and Hiram Fowler acting as their agent, until about the year 
 i860 when Cliarles Wrlls and Henry Wells of Pennsylvania 
 bought the j)roperty. In 1S61 Henry Wells sold his interest to 
 Jesse Spaulding of Chicago, who. with the able assistance' of 
 Augustus C. Brown who had charge of the business at the mill, 
 succeeded in fully establishing the credit of the institution, and 
 notwithstanding two burn outs, it has netted the owners a large 
 amount of money. About the year 1865, H. H. Porter of Chi- 
 cago bought an interest in the mill, and was of material benefit 
 in bringing the business to a full head of prosperity. The prop- 
 erty was incorporated in 1872, under the name of the Menomi- 
 nee River Lumber Company. Hon. Philetus Sawyer, late mem 
 ber of Congress from Wisconsin, and who has for many years 
 been prominently interested in lumbering matters at Oshkosh. 
 is now a large stockholder and President of the Company, repre- 
 senting the Charles Wells interest, which was purchased by Mr. 
 Porter and sold by him to Mr. Sawyer. The Company now 
 owns between 80,000 and 90,000 acres of land, containing a 
 large amount of pine. A majority of these lands are in Menom- 
 inee County, anil consequently the interests of the Company 
 are identifi'.'d with our own, although their mill is situated on 
 the Wisconsin side of the river. But while the first proprietors 
 suffered from pecuniary embarassment, the later owners have 
 experienced severe losses from orher causes. In 1S69, the first 
 niili was burned with all its contents, proving a total loss. The 
 owners, Messrs. Spaulding & Porter, immediately commenced 
 preparations for building a new and much better mill on the is- 
 land or middle ground lying in the river in front of where the 
 old mill stood. The new mill got in full operation the next 
 year, but the great fire in October 1871, which raged through 
 Menckaune like a tornado, swept not only all the village away, 
 but the wind carrying the fire across the channel to the Island 
 in a few numicnts the new mill was in ruins Nothing discoura- 
 ged, the owners inmiediately commenced again, ond by the next 
 year had up and running a new mill on the same spot occupied 
 by the last. 
 
 As before stated the Company was incorporated in 1872, 
 with the following ofiicers: W. I). Houghteling, President; H. 
 
30 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 Willibton, Secretary and Treasurer; W. D. Houghtelirg, Jesse 
 Spalding, H. H. Porter, O, R. Johnson, F. 15. Stockl)ridge, Di- 
 rectors. The only change since that time has been the retire- 
 ment of Mr. Houghteling and Mr. Poiter and the election of 
 Mr. Sawyer. 
 
 The amount sawed in 1S75, '^^^^ 17,000,000 feet of lumber; 
 1,878,000 pieces oflath and 169,500 pickets, and no work was 
 clone after the ist of October. The mill is averaging now about 
 160,000 feet, running daytimes only. The amount of logs cut 
 last winter for this season's sawing, scaled 19,000,000 feet, 
 board measure, and the Company has contracted to cut 5,000,- 
 000 feet for outside parties besides. Daniel Corry, who .came 
 to this river in 1847, ^'''^^ Michael Corry, who came in 1S55, 
 have been connected with the mill, and the latter gentleman is 
 the present efficient Superintendent with J. F. Hancock as 
 bookkeeper. 
 
 During the years [856 and 57, N. Ludington & Co. commen- 
 ced erecting a mill at Marinette on what was then called Mis- 
 sion Point, and it is still running where it started up in 1857. 
 The owners ot the mill at that time were Nelson Ludington, of 
 Chicago, Harrison Ludington, (now Governor of Wisconsin,) 
 and Daniel Wells Jr., of Milwaukee. In May 1S58, Isaac Ste- 
 phenson bought out Harrison Ludington' s one-fourth interest 
 and afterwards Anthony G. Van Schaick's one-eighth interest, the 
 latter gentleman having in 1S63 bought of N. Ludington one- 
 eighth of the property. The name was then as now "The N. 
 Ludington Co.," although the mill was usually called the Isaac 
 Stephenson mill. This company has been one of the most for- 
 tunate on the Menominee River. It has never met with severe 
 disaster, either by fire or flood; with ample pecuniary resources, 
 it has always prospered through good and bad times alike. It 
 was incorporated February 1868. The first officers were N. Lud- 
 ington, President; A. C. Brown, Vice President; E. B. Rice, 
 Secretary. At the present time the officers arc N. Ludington, 
 President. Isaac Stephenson, Vice President; E. Dcnnison, Sec 
 retary. The Company owns 83,600 acres of land, situate in this 
 and Oconto County. It also owns a water mill on the Escana- 
 ba river, four miles from the village of Escanaba, in Delta Coun- 
 ty, and is one of the- strongest mill corapanys in the northwest. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 3 1 
 
 Hon. Isaac Stephenson was for many years the active manager 
 of the Company, and had entire charge of its affairs, but after- 
 wards he became General Superintendent of a large lumbering 
 concern at Peshtigo, and for several years, Augustus C. 
 Brown, who had bought an interest in the property had charge 
 of it ; at the present time Caleb \Villiams has the charge. Nel- 
 son Ludington has always resided in Chicago, and has had charge 
 of the business at that end of the route, and all the lumber made 
 is shipped there. The amount of lumber sawed during the year 
 1875 ^'''•^ 16,800,000 feet, board measure. Amount of logs cut 
 last winter for present year's slock, 18,200,000 feet. 
 
 'I'he next mill built was what is called the old Kirby-Carpenter 
 Company's mill, which was also commenced in 1856, and got 
 into condition to saw lumber in 1857. This mill was built by 
 Abner Kirby, of Milwaukee, and is built on what was then asand 
 bar in the river, opposite Menominee village. The sand bar was 
 built up with slabs and sawdust, until now it is an island with 
 good dockage along it. In the year 1S59 Samuel M. Stephenson, 
 who came to Menominee for the first time in 1856, became a 
 partner in the company and took full charge of the business at 
 the mill. 
 
 In 1 86 1 .\ugustus A. Carpenter, and soon afterwards William 
 (). ('arpenter came into the partnership. On the 29th day of 
 .•\pril, 1872, the Company was incorporated under the name of 
 The Kirby Carpenter Company. 
 
 The "Irst officers of the Corporation were Augustus A. Carpen- 
 ter, President; S. M. Stephenson, Vice President; S. P. Gibbs, 
 Secretary. There has been no change since except that Mr. 
 Stephenson now holds both the last mentioned offices. 
 
 In 1867 the ('ompany built a new mill, a little farther down 
 the river, whi( h has a sawing capacity of 125.000 feet per day. 
 This Company owns 107.000 acres of land, mostly covered with 
 ])ine except where it has been cut off. It also owns a propeller, 
 the Favorite, commanded by Ca\n. Thomas Hutchinson, which 
 tows to Chicago three barges, carrying about 1,200,000 feet of 
 lumber each trip, while the remaining three barges which be- 
 long to the line, are at the mills loading. The usual amount 
 sawed at these two mills each ycc^r is about 35,000,000 feet. The 
 
32 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORY. 
 
 stock of logs for this year's cut for these mills is 216,040 logs 
 amounting to 40,434,199 feet board measure, all of which it is 
 expected will be sawed before the close of navigation. The 
 amount cut last year (1875) ^^'^s 170,997 logs, amounting to 30,- 
 417,096 of lumber, board measure, also 8,io3,ioo lath, and 
 456,600 pickets, or a daily average during the sawing season of 
 367,572 feet of lumber, and 52,465 lath; this being the cut of 
 the two mills. The company also keep a store in connection 
 witli the mills and for general trade, the business of which for 
 1875 amounted to ;^i 13,197.04. This is one of the strongest 
 companies on the river, and has prosecuted its business with 
 great success and very little loss. 
 
 William Holmes came here with S. M. Stephenson in 1856, 
 and since 1859 has been, in some capacity, connected with 
 this company. He has nearly all the time had full charge of the 
 logging and general outside business. He was Supervisor of the 
 town of Menominee one year. 
 
 William Somerville, who came in 1868, has been the general 
 book-keeper at Menominee, having charge of all cash and gen- 
 eral accounts. 
 
 Peter A. Van Uergen, who has had chief control of all matters 
 relating to the machineiy of the mills, came here in 1S67. He 
 was also County Clerk and Register of Deeds of this county for 
 the years X873 and 4, but the work in the office was mostly done 
 by his deputy, Joseph Fleshiem and clerks. 
 
 Roland Harris came in 1859, and has been with this company 
 ever since, usually acting as head sawyer. 
 
 In 1858 Anson Bangs built a small mill on Little River, a 
 branch of the Menominee, about five miles from the village of 
 Menominee. This was a water mill and was soon abandoned. 
 John Breen, whi came to the Menominee in 1849, ^^'^^ ^'""^ mill- 
 wright, and run it one season, which was about all that it ever 
 did run. In 1870 the property fell into the hands of the writer 
 who, with Timothy Cole, repaired it and put in machinery, and 
 made a first class shingle mill of it, with one saw for lumber. 
 It went by the name of T. Cole & Co.'s mill and run during the 
 winter and spring following, but owing to the dry season in that 
 summer was shut down and in the fall, (1871 ,) with all its accom- 
 panying buildings, was burned in the great fire. 
 
 I 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 33 
 
 In the year 1857, William E. Bagley and William G. Boswell 
 built a shingle mill on the shore of Green Bay, not far from where 
 the Kirby, Carpenter Comj^any's store now stands. In 1858 
 Henry Nason and John G. Boswell bought the mill. In April of 
 1861 a remarkable shove of ice on Green Bay occurred, which 
 e.xtended south from a point between the Quimby House and 
 the Kirby-Carpenter store, to South point; the ice was piled on 
 the shore from thirty to forty feet high. Nason had a small 
 dwelling house near the mill, and his family where eating break- 
 fast when the ice moved ; almost the first warning they had was 
 when the ice had piled on top of the mill, and was coming down 
 upon the house. The mill was totally wrecked and the house 
 crushed in. Ice was found there, where sand from the beach had 
 blown over it, on the next Fourth of July. Notwithstanding this 
 reverse of fortune, Nason was determined that he would have a 
 shingle mill, and in the fall of 1861 commenced building one on 
 a little Island, in the Menominee river, between Tebo Island, and 
 the Michigan shore, where the railroad crosses the river. The 
 mill was started up in 1862, but it seems that fate had decreed 
 against his rurming a mill, for in Julv of the same year, while the 
 men were at dinner, the mill caught fire and burned down. 
 
 In the summer of i860 Simon Strauss, who has previously been 
 engaged in the dry goods, groceries and fur trade at Menominee, 
 built the mill now known as the Jones mill, on the shore of Green 
 Bay, near the Kirby House, and got the same into running order 
 during the next year, but it did not prove a success. He run it 
 for two years and finding that he was losing money, he closed 
 it. Afterwards William McCartney bought and run it for a sea- 
 son or two, then sold out to John L Buell, who expended a large 
 amount of money in putting in new machinery and other im- 
 provements. He too failed to make a success of it. It has since 
 passed through several hands — R. Stephenson & Co. at one time 
 owning a half interest and running it; Clinton B^ Fay and 
 Charles H. Jones running it at another time until finallv it came 
 into the hands of David H. Jones & Co., who went into bank- 
 ruptcy, and for the last two years the mill has been unused. 
 
 The Ludington, Wells &: Van Schaick Company's mill in Me- 
 nominee was first built in 1863. The co-partnersliip was formed 
 of Daniel Wells, Harrison Ludington (now Governor of Wiscon- 
 
34 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 sin\ Isaac Stephenson and Robert Stephenson. The mill was 
 known here as the R. Stephenson & Go's. mill. They built what 
 was then called the best mill on the river; it was a steam mill. 
 — On the 14th day of June, 1864, the mill was burned proving 
 a total loss. In fifty-four working days from that time, they nad 
 up a new and better mill, fully equiped and ready to run. The 
 millwright, who had charge of the construction of it, was Wil- 
 liam E. Bagley, who, for many years has been considered one of 
 the most skillful millwrights in the country, and has had charge 
 of the construction of several of the mills built in this section. 
 In 1866 Isaac Stephenson conveyed his interest in the company 
 to Anthony G. Van Schaick. The company was incorj^orated 
 July ist, 1874; the first officers of the Gompany were Harrison 
 Ludington, Pres't.; Daniel Wells, VicePres't. ; Anthony G. 
 Van Schaick, Sec'y. & Treas. and Robert Stephenson, Supt. 
 The officers at present are the same. In 1871 the Gompany 
 bought what was known as the Gilmore mill, on the point where 
 the Menominee river enters the bay. A short time afterwards 
 and almost before they got into possession, it was burned in the 
 great fire of 187 1. Soon after the fire the company began the 
 construction of another and nnu h better mill, and had it com 
 pleted in 1873. They have not at all times had both mills run- 
 ning; as the money panic of iS73affected their interest reducing 
 the profits of manufacture. The sawing capacity of both mills is 
 35,000,000 feet per year. The last mentioned mill has a capac 
 ity of 22,000,000 feet and theother 13,000,000. The mill on the 
 point during the sawing season of 1875, ^awed 21,984,792 feet 
 of lumber, 4,058,940 lath and 153,450 pickets. The amount of 
 logs outlast winter for the present year's stock, is 29,458,163 
 feet board measure. The company keep a store in connection 
 with the mill for the sale of dry goods, groceries and provisions. 
 The gros'- amount of their sales for 1875 was $62,207.95. The 
 company is a very strong one and owns 75,000 acres of lands in 
 Menominee county and Oconto county, Wisconsin. 
 
 In the fall of 1866 the Ingallston mill, in the township of In- 
 gallston, was built by Gharles B. Ingalls and myself. In the win- 
 ter of i867-'8 I bargained my interest in it to Gharles B. Ingalls, 
 who operated it for a season and then bargained it to Barnard & 
 Wyley, who failed to keep their bargain. Afterwards it was ru.: 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 35 
 
 by Carter & Jones and finally by Jesse L. Hamilton, who was 
 operating it on a contract with C. B. Ingalls. when it was burned 
 in the spring of 1874. 
 
 In 1867 the Fred. Carney mill in Marinette, Wisconsin, was 
 built by Daniel Wells, Jr., of Milwaukee, Andrew Stephenson, 
 of Menominee, and Louis Gram, of Marinette. Andrew Ste- 
 phenson and Cram afterwards sold their interest to Fred. Carney 
 and Henry Witbeck. The com])any was incorporated in 1870 
 by the name of the H. Witbeck Company. The first officers were 
 Daniel Wells, Jr., Pres't ; Henry Witbeck, Vice-Prest.; John 
 Witbeck, Sec'y.; Frederick Carney, Supt. The 'present officers 
 are the same. The amount of lumber sawed in 1875 was i5,- 
 500,000 feet, 3,500,000 lath and 300,000 pickets. The stock of 
 logs cut last-^vinter for the present year was 17,500,000 feet. 
 The Company owns 53.000 acres of land. 
 
 In the year 1866 William McCartney built a mill on the same 
 side of the river, below Carney's mill. It was used mostly for a 
 shingle mill. It was burned in the great fire October 8th, 1871. 
 The same fall he commenced another which was completed the 
 next summer and is now in operation. In 1870 — '71 William E. 
 Bagley and Daniel Corry built on the high bank, not far from 
 McCartney's mill, a very large i)laning, door and sash mill. 
 They had only used it a short time when it was destroyed by the 
 saiiie great fire. 
 
 Another small mill was built by George Hawthorn at the vil- 
 lage of Menekaune as early as i860 or '61 for a shingle mill. 
 The building, or what was left of it, was also burned in the fire 
 of 1 87 1. 
 
 In t866 the Hamilton & Merryman Company built their mill 
 in the town of Marinette, Wisconsin. This is also a large and 
 strong company. This comi)any was incorporated in 1872. The 
 first officers were I. K. Hamilton, Pres. and Treas.; A. C. Mer- 
 riman, Sec'y. and Supt. The officers are now the same with W. 
 C. Hamilton, Vice-Pres. Theamount oflumber sawed in 1875, 
 was 1 2, Too, 000 feet, lath 3,008,000, pickles 120,000, shingles 
 5,000,000. Amount of logs cut last winter for this year's stock 
 is 15,000,000 feet board measure. The company owns 50,000 
 acres of land situated in Menominee county and Oconto county, 
 
36 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 Wis. They also own a shingle mill which was built since the 
 erection of their main mill. 
 
 A planing, door and sash mill was built on a small island 
 in Marinette, where the bridge crosses the river, by William 
 Goddard and others. 
 
 D. C. Prescott first established his machine shop and foundry 
 at the same place in connection with it. It was afterwards 
 burned. Prescott rebuilt his shops on a much larger scale on the 
 high banks in the village of Marinette, where they now are. The 
 planing mill was rebuilt in the same place, and again burned, and 
 wigain rebuilt. 
 
 In 1874 Lemoyne, Hubbard and Wood, who had bought the 
 Cedar River mill property, built a small mill at Spalding, a sta- 
 tion on the Chicago & >Jorthwestern Railroad, 42 miles noith of 
 Menominee village. 
 
 In the fall of I872 Mellen Smith built a shingle mill on the bay 
 shore, in the town of Ingallston, about three-fourths of a mile 
 from the Ingallston mill. He has since moved it back about 
 two miles and sends all his shingles to market by railroad. 
 
 In 1874 S. L. Benjamin built a shingle mill by the side of the 
 railroad, eighteen miles north from the village of Menominee, 
 which has been in operation since that time 
 
 John W. Wells commenced the construction of a lumber and 
 shingle mill in the fall of 1875, which is now completed and run- 
 ning. It is situated on the bay shore, north of the smelting fur- 
 nace. 
 
 In the foregoing pages I have given a brief sketch of all the 
 lumber mills that have ever been built on the Menominee River, 
 or in Menominee county. All the mills named are steam mills, 
 except those mentioned as water mills. Although there is an 
 abundance of water power in the county it has always been 
 held by mill men that steam was cheaper than water for 
 manufacturing lumber, because the mills have a great amount of 
 waste material, such as sawdust, slabs and edgings, which must 
 in some way be disposed of, therefore fuel costs them nothing 
 and the force is more regular. 
 
 Other mills may also be mentioned in this connection : 
 
 In 1872 William E. Bagley and Egbert M. Copp built a plan- 
 ing, sash and door mill^ on the bank of the bayou, near the A. 
 
CENTENNIAL l^s^ok^•. 37 
 
 F. livons place, on the north side of Ogden Avenue, and carried 
 on business in it until 1S74. During the summer of 1874 they 
 built another planing mill between Main street and the Bay 
 shcM\', south of the Kirby Carpenter store, but owing to the mon- 
 ey panic that fall, they only run it one season, and have 
 since taken the machiner\' out of l)()th mills and remoNcd it to 
 Stevens Point. AVisconsin, and the mills are abandoned. 
 
 CHAP'rHR 1\ . 
 
 corxTV oR(;axi/aiion'. 
 
 * 
 
 At ilie time of the first sctllemL-nt of Menoiviinee couniv all of 
 tiie country from tlv,,- Alenoniinee river to I/ike Huron, belonged 
 to .Mackinaw county ; it was a wihlerness with neither civil offi- 
 cers, nor white people to fill offices. Subsequently a county was 
 established reaching from Lake Michigan to the .Menominee 
 river and called Delta count) . Tiiere were but few white men 
 ii; it \\h<:n it was organized, and ii was attaiht-d to Mackinaw 
 county lor judic iai ])urposes. 
 
 In 1S61 Anson liangs, wiio then resided at Marinette. Wiscon- 
 sin, and owneil considerable land on both sides of the river, and 
 had, a short time before, built a smidl mill on Little River, a 
 branch of the Menominee, was at Lansing during the session of 
 the Legislature. He having private objects in view, without con- 
 sulting the pco[)le at Menominee, obtained the ]):vs.sage of an act 
 l<i create a nuw < ountv bv the .'lame of Hleeker — an old Alban\- 
 
38 CENTENNIAL IIIS'JORY. 
 
 name — he afterwards marrying into a family there by that 
 name. There were many [)rovisions of the act wliich were ob- 
 noxious to the settlers in the county, and they refused to organize 
 under it. At the time appointed for the meeting to elect officers 
 and perfect the organization, Bangs vv^as not in this section of the 
 country. The meeting was to be held at Quimby's tavern, and 
 on the day set, there was quite an attendance of settlers, but they 
 refused to organize a meeting and instead of doing so, got up 
 placards and charcoal sketches of Bangs, which were not compli- 
 mentary to him. By the provisions of the act, if the people 
 failed to organize, the new county was to be attached to xMar- 
 quette county for judicial purposes. 
 
 I am now brouglit to a point where I must arise and explain my 
 position. I dislike as much as any one any exhibition of ego- 
 tism. I am well aware that when the })ronoun "1" ajjpears too 
 often, people are apt to form the opinion that the, writer desires 
 to make an exhibition of himself. From this time on 1 am so 
 mixed up with the affairs of Menominee cbunty; that I cannot 
 write it correctly without bringing myself into it, and for the 
 purpose of avoiding the use of many words, or frequently my 
 name, I shall use the pronoun when it becomes necessary hereaf- 
 ter. As I must 'come into the arena, I may as well tell how 1 
 came here : One pleasant evening in July 1859, 1 was landed at 
 the dock of the Mcnekaune warehouse, with my {JonV, buggy, 
 tent, rifle and dog, from the little steamer Fannie Fisk, Captain 
 Daniel M. Whitney, Master. I pitched my tent in that village 
 for a few days, with the intention of looking around to see the 
 country, which was not a very easy task, unless as a walkist, tor 
 there weie no roads leading out from the river in any direction 
 that could be traversed with a wagon. Being fully satisfied that 
 Menominee had a bright future, of which its splendid water pow- 
 er, abundance of pine timber, hardwood forming lands, and fine 
 port on Green Bay gave promise, I made up my mind that it 
 was a good place to set my stake. It is true it did not look en- 
 couraging for a law, er, but I had become tired of the practice of 
 law, and my health much impaired by close application to tlie 
 labors necessary in a properly regulated law office.' My idea 
 was that I would follow some active out-door business which 
 would improve my health. Not being blessed with an overstock 
 
CKNTENNIAI. IlISTOKV. 39 
 
 of tliii world's goods, it was something of a study what business 
 
 I should go into, or ratlicrhow I sliould gel into it; feelingsome- 
 
 what like "Micawbcr," 1 resolved to waitfor something to "turn 
 
 up," and that the waiting might not be too expensive, I went 
 down the bay shore about three miles, to the mouth of Little 
 
 River, and camped. Shortly afterwards, Andrew J. Easton (who 
 afterwards married my eldest daughter) joined me, Wc conclu- 
 ded to stay awhile, so went to work picking up lumber on the 
 beach, and built a small house, then I sent for my family, which 
 soon afterward joined us. 
 
 We planted a few acres of land, liunted deer, fished, and by 
 practising sell-denial and economy, managed to get a living. In 
 1 861 the Rebellion broke out and all the people about the Me- 
 nominee were patriotic. In fact, it was the worst possible place 
 in the world for a copperhead, and, although we had two or 
 three, their mouths were shut as tight as if closed with sealing 
 wax. I became actively engaged in getting volunteers, and our 
 able-bodied men being aroused, began to volunteer. My son-in- 
 law was among the first. Missing him and feeling very lonely, 
 there being no neighbors nearer than Menekaune, three miles 
 from where I then lived, I moved rny family, in the fall of 1861, 
 into Menekaune and remained there during the winter. 
 
 It was in the spring of i86r that the meeting referred to in 
 the commencement of this cha}ner was held. There being no 
 setlledlawyer nearer than Oconto, the people on the Michigan 
 side of the river were quite anxious that I should come over and 
 counsel with them in regard to organizing a county, and I came. 
 After I nioved to Menekaune the Michigan people frequently 
 urged me to come over and become a Wolverine, so in the spring 
 of iS6'2 I comj^lied with their wishes. During thesimimer I built 
 a' small house in the, now village of Menominee, though it was 
 then in the woods, and moved into it late in the fall. 
 . The next session of the Legislature commenced in January, 
 1S63. The people here concluded to send me to Lansing to 
 jirocure the passage of an act to organize a county ; they 
 raised money for uiy expenses by contribution, and on New 
 Year's day 1863, I started. When I reached Lansing the Legisla- 
 ture was organizetl and in v.orking order. 'I'hev had elected 
 
40 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 Pion. Zach. Chandler Senator, the clay I reached there, and many 
 of then-\ were feeling so good o\er it that night, that they must 
 have woke up the next day with iheir hair pulling. 
 
 The Member from our district was James S. Pentlall, from 
 ^,'arciuette. I prepared such a bill as I thought we needed and 
 Mr. Pendall presented it, and had it referred. Soon afterwards 
 it was reported favorably, passed and became a law, and Menom- 
 inee County took its place in the list of couiities of the State. 
 Its boundaries, excepting a slight alteration, were the same as 
 those of the Bangs act : Embracing the fractional Townships 35 
 and 36, Range 24, West: All of Range 25, from the bay shore 
 to town, 41 inclusive; all of Range 26 and 27, to Town 4r, in- 
 clusive ; all of the towns and tVactional towns in Ranges 28, 
 2(), 30, 31 to Town 41 . inclusi\-e. The name Menominee for the 
 couiil) had been decided ui)on b\' thi- pjeoiile before I left home. 
 At that time there were no settlers in tiie coui'ity excejjt those 
 living at .Menominee and up the river, and those living at the mouth 
 of the Big Cedar River, therefore the county was divided into 
 two townships, vi/,. : The township of Cedarville, which embraced 
 all the towns in the n<-\v county in ranges 24, 25 and 26 West, 
 and the T(nvnship of ^lenominee, which embraced all of Range 
 27, and the tov>-ns and fractional towns in Ranges 28, 29, 30 
 and 31 West So far as territc)ry was concerned this furiiished 
 two pretty good sized towns. 'I'he town of Menoniinee is about 
 as large as the State of Rhode Island, being sixty-one miles long 
 and thirty miles wide at the northern end, and tapering down 
 to a p(_)int, at its southern extremity. By the provisions of the 
 act, the county seat was to be located in town 31, North, Range 
 27, West. John (Jiuimb\-. Sr., iNicholas Cewehr ami K. S. in- 
 galls were aiJiJointed to locate the same. 'J'he Commissioners 
 in the s])ring of 1863, located it on what is called "C'ourt House 
 Sipuire," in Menominee, opposite tlie (^uimby Hotel ( Rirby 
 House; where a clerk's office and jail were afterwards erected. 
 
 Ill 1S74, the people havi .g decided to build a Court House, 
 the Board of Su])ervi'-'ors bought two acres of land on Ogden Av- 
 enue, and removed the count v seat to that place. 'l"he oh! 
 "Coini House sipiare" grrjunds were sold to the original own- 
 ers. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 4 1 
 
 The first election of county officers was to be held on the 
 first Monday in May, 1863, and was so held. 
 
 The act provided that John G. Kittson, Nicholas Gewehr and 
 John Quiniby, Sr. , of the town of Menominee, should be a 
 Board of County Canvassers to canvass the votes of the county, 
 and approve all the bonds of the county officers elected, and 
 should meet on the Tuesday following the first Monday after 
 election, and immediately after the vote was declared notice 
 should be given to the officers elect, who should qualify and 
 their tcjms commence. By the middle of May 2S63, the officers 
 had all (jualified and the county was fully organized. 
 
 The county when organized became a part of the judicial dis- 
 trict of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It was made a part 
 of the Representative district, composed of the counties of Mar- 
 quette, Chippewa, Schoolcraft and Delta and was then included in 
 the 32d Senatorial and Sixth Congressional districts. By act of 
 1875 '^'^^' <<^unties of Menominee and Delta constitute a Repre- 
 sentative district. 
 
 The first County officers were : 
 
 Judge of Probate— Eleazcr S. Ingalls. 
 
 Sherift' — John Quimby. t 
 
 County Clerk — Salmon P. Saxton. 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney — E. S. Ingalls. 
 
 Register of Deeds — Josiah R. Brooks. 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioner — E. S. Ingalls. 
 
 County Treasurer — Leroy T. Ireland. 
 
 ^ ( Samuel W. Abbott, 
 
 Coroners — , * , A,f 1 
 
 ( Andrew Mclver. 
 
 Town Officers of Menominee. : 
 
 Supervisor — Samuel M. Stephenson. 
 Town Clerk — Austin W. Champney. 
 Town Treasurer — Josei)h Van Anken. 
 
 / John G. Kittson, 
 
 Justices of the Peace- ) 2- f • ^'Sl^^'-'lf "' 
 •' I Nicholas Gewehr. 
 
 .^ William Holmes, 
 
 , . V 1 T .. \ 1'^- S. Intralls, 
 
 School Inspectors — J •, , Jy ' 
 
 ^[u ( Joseph Van Auken. 
 
 John (t. Kittson, 
 
 Commissioners of Highways — \ O. B. Richardson, 
 
 Town Officers of Cedarville: 
 
 Supervisor— Josiah R. Brooks. 
 
 William Holmes. 
 
42 CENTENNIAL HIS'l ORY. 
 
 Town Treasurer — Salmon P. Saxton. 
 
 , . r .1 T, f Tosiah R. Brooks, 
 
 Justices of the reace — - b i ^ aa^ n n „i 
 -" ( Robert McCuUough. 
 
 The County Officers for the present year are : 
 
 Judge of Probate — Thomas B. Rice. 
 Sheriff — John Hanley. 
 County Clerk — Joseph Fleshiem. 
 Prosecuting Attorney — E. S. Ingalls. 
 Register of Deeds — Joseph Flesliiem. 
 Circuit Court Commissioner — E. S. Ingalls. 
 County Treasurer — James H. Walton. 
 County Surveyor — J. Weston Bird. 
 
 Town officers of Menominee : 
 
 Supervisor — Samuel M. .Stephenson. 
 Town Clerk — John J. Farrier. 
 
 i Henry Nason 
 Justices of the Peace — < William H. Jenkins, 
 
 (john Breen and Charles Parent. 
 School Superintendent — B. T. Phillips. 
 School Inspector — William Somervilie, 
 Town Treasurer — William H. Jenkins. 
 
 Town of Cedarville : 
 
 Supervisor — E. P. Wood. 
 
 Town Clerk — John P. Macy. 
 
 Town Treasurer — George F. Rowel 1. 
 
 ( Jolin Farley, 
 Commissioners of Highway — ■ - Alfred Brabois, 
 
 (W. E. Evarts. 
 
 At the session of the Legislature in the year 1867 an act was 
 passed providing for the organization of a new township to be 
 known as Ingallston. It included in its boundaries all the 
 townships in range 26, from town 7,3 to 4i inclusive. There 
 being but few settlers in the township it did not adopt a town- 
 ship organization until 1873. 
 The first officers elected were : 
 
 Supervisor — Samuel C. Hayward. 
 Town Clerk — Samuel Thomas. 
 Town Treasurer — John F. Nelson. 
 
 r Nathaniel Thomas, 
 Justices of the Peace — - Mathias Baily, 
 
 ( Charles Smith. 
 
 Commissioner of Highways — John R. Williams, 
 
 c 1 1 T ^ I Tobn R. Williams, 
 
 School Inspectors — < i~. ion- 
 
 ^ ( Daniel Sullivan. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 43 
 
 The pre:^ent ofificers are . 
 
 Supervisor — John Mur])liy. 
 
 Town Clerk- Charles Allen. 
 
 Town Treasurer — George Haggerson. 
 
 Commissioner of Highways — James Mordaunt. 
 
 ( l-ucius Russell, 
 Justices of the Peace — < Louis Desart, 
 
 (John Blessingham. 
 
 When the county was first organized the whole duty of doing, 
 or seeing done, the duties of county officers, was thrown upon 
 me; they all being in business could not afford to devote their 
 whole time to county affairs. I sent to Waukegan, Illinois, for 
 (ieorge W. Jenkins to come and act as Deputy Circuit and County 
 Clerk. He gave good satisfaction and was elected the next 
 year and held the office until his death in 187 1. 
 
 At the time of the organization there were no Judicial Circuits 
 in the Upper Peninsula. We had a court styled "The District 
 C'ourt of the Upper Peninsula," with the same powers as Circuit 
 ("ourt. 
 
 The Hon. Daniel Goodwin was Judge, and had held the position 
 since the district was first judicially organized. He has long 
 been identified with the Judiciary of the State, and was Presi- 
 dent of the Constitutional Convention of 1850. He is a resi 
 dent of Detroit, and was sent from Wayne County to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 186S, of which I was also a member. 
 
 The Upper Peninsula was organized into a Judicial District at 
 the session of the Legislature in 185 1. The act providing for 
 its organization took effect July 8th, 185 1. The Judge was 
 elected on the last Tuesday of that year. 
 
 In 1863 the Legislature passed an act creating the nth Ju- 
 dicial Circuit in place of the District Court, and Judge Good- 
 win continued to preside as Judge of the Circuit. 
 
 In 1865 the Legislature passed an act creating the 12th Judi- 
 cial Circuit from a part of the nth, leaving the counties of Me- 
 nominee, Delta,- Chippewa, Mackinaw, Sheboygan and Manitou 
 in the nth District, and Judge Goodwin has continued to pre- 
 side in this Circuit. He was re-elecfed in 1875 ^o"" ^ term of six 
 years, commencing in January 1876. Judge Goodwin has, during 
 all this long period, performed his judicial duties with such impar- 
 tiality and ability that he has won the approbation and respect of 
 
44 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 every person in the district or circuit. There was but few peo- 
 ple here when the count*y was organized, and many of those 
 being transient men were not voters. At the first election held 
 in Menominee the number of votes cast was 45 and in the town 
 of Cedarville 10, The officers of the county were occupying a 
 dwelling house owned by John Quimby (the house where his 
 widow now resides). The Circuit Courts were held in the hall 
 of the Quimby House (now Kirby House.) At and before 
 the time of the organization of the county all mail for 
 Menominee came to Menekaune, Wis.; but having organized a 
 County Seat it was necessary to have a Post Office, and the De- 
 partment established one at Menominee in the year 1863, and 
 Norman R. Soule "was appointed Post-master (although I per- 
 formed the actual duties of it,) and held the office until the next 
 year, when Samuel W. Abbott was appointed, and has held the 
 office ever since. At first he had to go to Menekaune for the 
 mail-bag in the summer season, and sometimes in the winter. 
 In summer the mail came three times a week from Green Bay bv 
 boat, and in winter by stage. 
 
 At that lime trees covered the ground over where the greater 
 part of the village of Menominee now stands, and the writer 
 has shot deer and assisted in a bear hunt in what are now the 
 most public places. Where Main street now is was the best 
 place to hunt wild pigeons i« this section of the country. In 
 the spring and fall the river was a favorite resort for wild ducks , 
 and sportsmen who hunted them. Then there were no roads in 
 the county except a very poor supply road leading up the Me- 
 nominee river, which the mill companies had cut out for a wint- 
 er road, aud which could hardly be traversed by a wagon during 
 the summer. 
 
 While Anson Bangs was at Lansing during the session of the 
 Legislature, of 1861, he did do one thing which pioved a great 
 benefit to the county, which ought to be set off against his mis- 
 move in trying to organize the county of Bleeker. He caused 
 an act to be passed, granting two sections of land to each 
 mile for the purpose of constructing a state road from Menomi- 
 nee to Masonville, in Delta county, to be called the Green Bay 
 and Bay du Noc state road, and the same amount for a road from 
 the mouth of the Menominee river to a point in Marquette coun- 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 45 
 
 ty to be called the Wisconsin & Lake Superior State road. It 
 was generally thought that no person could afford to build any 
 sort of a road for the grant. At that time plenty of land was to 
 be entered for one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, and by 
 buying road script, state lands could be obtained for one dollar 
 l)er acre. 
 
 It was thought that the country was so swampy between Me- 
 nominee village and Delta county, that a road could not be built 
 without great expense. 
 
 The only way the people of Lake Superior could get to the out- 
 side world, as it was then called, in the winter, was by crossing 
 the divide with dog trains, to the head of Little Bay du Noc and 
 then follow the bench to Green Bay. 
 
 Hon. Peter White, of Marquett?", once told me, on one occa- 
 sion when he was compelled to come down into Wisconsin in 
 the winter, it took him three weeks to make thejourney from that 
 ])la(c to Green Bay city. They were therefore very anxious to 
 have a road opencti and often wrote me on the subject, and dur- 
 ing the winter of 1863-4, when coming through talked of it, and 
 nrgfd that the Menominee people should take some step to have 
 a road constructed. In the summer of 1863 C. T. Harvey had 
 opened a road from Masonville to Marquette. 
 
 Accordingly in the spring of 1864 application was made to the 
 Governor, and Josiah R. Brooks was appointed Commissioner to 
 lay out and cause the road to be constructed, and he had the 
 road surveyed, (R. L. Hall having charge of the survey) and took 
 steps to let a contract for its construction. But the greatest dif- 
 ficulty was to find any one to undertake it. and when the time 
 appointed to let the contract came, there was not a person to put 
 in a bid. P.eing determined that a road should be built, the wri- 
 ter put in a bid to construct all of the road that lay in Menomi- 
 nee county, for the grant, and executed the necessary papers. 
 
 So sure were the people that a road could not be built for the 
 grant that on the day my men met to commence work on it, one 
 of our ])rominent public men told me that he would give me his 
 ear, if I did not fail in the enterprise that year. I told him I 
 would call on him for his ear before the snow would fly. My 
 contract only required that the road should be cut through six- 
 teen feet wide, that year, so that the road would be available for 
 
46 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORY. 
 
 winter use, and provided for its completion afterwards. I calletl 
 on the gentleman for the ear but I have not received it yet, al- 
 though I am entitled to it according to the offer. 
 
 On the fifth day of December my men had got through, and 
 T. T. Hawley coming through shortly afterward and finding tliat 
 he could carry the mails through on it, in a few days had a 
 line of stages running over it. and thus secured the mail route 
 for Lake Superior, through Menominee, instead of by way of On- 
 tonagon, where parties interested were trying to secure it. 
 
 When I was at Lansing in the winter of 1863 to obtain the 
 passage of the act to organize the county, I found the Legisla- 
 ture favorably disposed towards the people here, and desirous of 
 aiding them in opening the county to settlement. 
 
 We had no bridge across the Menominee river and the only 
 way of crossing in tne s»mmer v.'as with small boats for men, 
 and scows for horses, which was very inconvenient. 
 
 I became impressed with the idea that a land grant could be 
 obtained to build a bridge. 
 
 The people here could not afford to build it without help. I 
 had friends in the Wisconsin Legislature, among whom was Col. 
 George C. Ginty, of Oconto county. 
 
 I drafted a bdl for an act, giving five sections of land in Mich- 
 igan, to aid in the construction of the bridge, and another for the 
 Wisconsin Legislature giving ten sections and sent it to. Col. 
 Ginty. My reason for making that ten sections, was that the 
 lands in Michigan were much more valuable than in Oconto 
 county, Wisconsin, where the lands would be located. I then 
 wrote to Hon. Isaac Stephenson, of Marinette, and S. .M. Ste- 
 phenson, of Menominee, about the matter, asking them to use 
 their influence for the project, and to have petitions signed and 
 forwarded to each Legislature, which was done by them. The 
 Michigan Legislature readily passed the bill and Col. Ginty had 
 no difficulty in obtaining the passage of the bill sent there, but 
 it failed to become a law, although it killed the Governor of 
 Wisconsin, so far as his political aspirations were concerned, and 
 gave Wisconsin one of the best war governors the state has had. 
 During that session, there was a strong feeling aroused on the 
 subject of using the state swamp lands for the improvement of 
 roads in the counties where the lands were situated : All of the 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 47 
 
 members from the northern and northwestern parts of the state, 
 which were new, were in favor of it, while those from the south- 
 ern and southwestern parts, which were old and had their roads 
 built, were oj^posed to it. The bill passed with so large a vote 
 in its favor, that it was evident that it could be passed over any 
 veto the Oovernor might give. 
 
 The Governor (Salomon) lived in Milwaukee, and his feelings 
 seemed to be with the opponents of the bill, for instead of veto- 
 ing, and giving the Legislature an opportunity to pass it over his 
 head, he put it in his pocket and kept it there, to the great in- 
 diunation and distrust of its friends. That killed the bill for that 
 winter. It happened that the :.ext summer when the state con- 
 vention met. Col. Ginty, was a delegate, and found that a ma 
 jority of the convention were members, who had supported the bill 
 ihe winter previous, and not having got over their disgust at 
 Governor's Saloman s act (who was a candidate for re-election 
 for Governor) they laid him on the shelf and nominated James 
 T. Lewis, who proveil one of the best Governors Wisconsin ever 
 had. The next winter the bill was again passed, as originally 
 drawn, and became a law. 
 
 Meanwhile the people here thought the fifteen sections of land 
 insufficient to build the bridge, the length of which would be 
 about one third of a mile, and the value of the grant could not 
 be estimated at over one dollar per acre, as lands could be locat- 
 ed with script at that: price. 
 
 The next winter { 1860) I again had occasion to go to Lansing 
 while tlie Legislature was in session, and our grant had expired 
 by limitation for the reason that the bridge had not been built. I 
 had another bill presented extending the time for building it. 
 and giving ten sections of land, -which passed and became a law, 
 making the whole grant from both States twenty sections. The 
 connnissioners appointed in the law to have charge of building 
 the bridge were the board of Supervisors of Menominee County 
 anil the Board of Supervisors of the town of Marinette, Wis. 
 Stdl there were difliculties in the way of its construction. The 
 Menekaune interest and a part of Menominee wanted it built 
 ncur the mouth of the river, the Marinette people and a part of 
 the Menomined i)eople desired it to be built across the river up 
 near the ])r. Hall place, or at least across 'IVbo Island, where the 
 
48 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 railroad now crosses. The contention about the location of the 
 bridge lasted nearly two years, when it was decided to build it 
 in its present location, and the N. Ludington Company took the 
 contract to build it, and it was built for tne land grant in 1867. 
 
 In 1866 the mill companies on both sides of the river being 
 desirous of having abetter road up the Menoininte river than 
 the supply road on which they had been compelled to rel)'. I was 
 appointed commissioner to locate and build the "Wisconsin and 
 Lake Superior State Road" which runs up the Menominee river. 
 The Board of Supervisors appropriated the necessary money to 
 defray expenses of Survey. "i'he survey was immediately com- 
 menced and carried through to completion. The contract was 
 let to the Kirby-Carpenter Company, R. Stephenson Company 
 (now Ludington, Wells & Van Schaick Co. ^, and Spalding iS: 
 Porter Company, who commenced the work without delay. The 
 next season I resigned as Commissioner and William Holmes 
 was appointed in my place, who continued in charge of it un- 
 til work was stopped. The road is now completed forty-tw) 
 miles, and nearly up to the Kirby-Carpenter Company's farm, 
 and is a very good road. In constructing to that point nearly or 
 quite ten miles in distance is saved compared with the old route. 
 Our county had been without a Coiu't Rouse, holding our 
 courts in public halls. Our officers had all believed that it was 
 better to wait until a good building could be erected than put up 
 i cheap one.,^ 
 
 The county had always been out of debt. When first organ- 
 ized it was decided that "'pay as you go" was the best policy, so 
 we nave followed that rule, and the only debt the county had 
 ever incurred that was not paid during the same year was the 
 sum of five thhusand dollars, borrowed on bonds to pay soldier's 
 bounties during the war. These bonds were drawn to run 5 years 
 and were all taken l)y the people living here, and were paid at 
 the expiration of three years. When the county was first organ- 
 ized the assessable property in the county was valued at about 
 $160,001.25. It 's "o^^ valued at $1,363,319.83. Our people, in 
 view of these facts, came to the conclusion that we could well 
 afford to take the risk of building a good Court House, and is- 
 sue the bonds of the county to raise money for its constraction. 
 Accordingly in 1874 the necessary steps were taken and the 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 49 
 
 bonds issued. They weie readily sold and the building begun 
 that year and completed in 1875. ^^^ the county has a Court 
 House which would do no discredit to any city of the state. It 
 is built of brick and stone, the first or basement story, being oc- 
 cu})ied as a jail and room for residence of the jailor. The cells 
 are entirely of stone and iron. The second story is fitted up for 
 offices, with fire and burglar proof vaults to every office ; while 
 in the upper story is the court room, jury and judge's rooms. It 
 is constructed with all the modern appliances and conveniences. 
 It cost in round numbers $32,000. 
 
 During the same year (1874) the township of Menominee con- 
 structed a good brick Town Hall at a cost of $8,000. The first 
 story of which is used for an engine room for the steam fire en- 
 gine, owned by the town ; the second for a town hall, town li- 
 brary and office for town officers. The building is a substantial 
 one and would do credit to much larger and older towns. 
 
 CH.XPTER V. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school now remembered to have been kept in Menom 
 inee, was by Emily Burchard, in 1857, in a i)art of Henry 
 Nason's huuse at his shingle mill, on the shore of (Ireen Bay. 
 Il was supported by subscription. There is a tradition llial one 
 hatl been previously kept at the old water mill, bv a daughter of 
 A. V. Lyon, but nothing definite is known of it. 
 
50 CENTENNIAL HIS'lORV. 
 
 The first schoolhouse of the county was built by A. F. Lyon, 
 Henry Nason, W. G. Boswell, Andreas Eveland, E. N. Davis 
 and a few others in i(S57, near where the railroad now crosses 
 Ogden Avenue in the village of Menominee. It was built of hewed 
 timber by voluntary labor and contribution. It was used but 
 one term. When the county was organized in 1863, the school 
 laws were put in force, and districts were organized. District 
 No. I, in Menominee, embraced all of the village lying along 
 Green Bay and near the mouth of the river : District No. 2 in- 
 cluded that part of the village now called Frenchtown : District 
 No. 3 was organized embracing within its limits all the settlers 
 about John G. Kittson's place, near Chappee's rapids. Since 
 that time a district has been organized at B.rch Creek settlement, 
 and another at ra'lroad section 22, (22 miles from Menominee) 
 now called Stephenson. 
 
 The township of Cedarvil.le had one district established and 
 has usually kept a school there since. 
 
 Since the organization of the township of Ingallston two dis. 
 tricts have been organized, one at Spalding (railroail section 42) 
 and one at English (railroad section 39). 
 
 In all these small districts schools have been regularly kept 
 since their organization, except the one at Chappee Rapids, in 
 the township of Menominee, where the people failed to perfect 
 their organization. In the village of Menominee, which has al- 
 ways contained the bulk of the population, the greater attention 
 has been paid to schools. 
 
 The first school inspectors for the village of Menominee were 
 E. S. Ingalls and Joseph Van Auken ; the first district board were 
 E. S. Ingalls, moderator and Robert Pengilly, assessor. 
 
 The present school inspectors are Benjamin T. Phillips, super- 
 intendent, and Wm. Somerville, inspector. 
 
 The present school beard of District No. i, Menominee, are 
 t^amuel M. JStephenson, moderator ; Edward L, Parmenter, di- 
 rector, and Robert Stephenson, assessor. 
 
 The first schools held in District No. i, in Menominee were in 
 a small building owned by Samuel W. Abbott, which had been 
 built for storing fishing nets. It was about 16x18 feet built of 
 rough boards and filled between the joists with saw dust — (the 
 same building was also the first post office building after Mr. Ab- 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 5 I 
 
 bott became P. M.) The seats were long, narrow benches, bet- 
 ter calculated for the punishment of children than for their com- 
 fort, but they did not mind that much, so long as they could 
 while away the time, when the teachers eyes were not on them, 
 by digging sawdust out from the cracks. 
 
 1 sliall never forget the disgust exhibited by the first teacher 
 that went into that building to teach. I had been to Green Bay 
 city and employed a lady teacher and had given her as good an 
 idea of the advantages and disadvantages as I could in 
 words. But she could not understand the nature of a school 
 house in a new place just starting, until she came in person, yet 
 she stuck to it until the term was out and kept a good school. It 
 was not long however that such a building had to be used. The 
 people determined to have a better one and in i864 built and 
 lurnished one 24x28 feet. It was thought that this would be 
 Urge enough for many years, but we soon learned our mistake. 
 Settlers came in so fast that in a short time not half of the schol- 
 ars could be acconmiodated. So the school house was sold and 
 in 1868 another was built, planned for a graded school. This, 
 though a wooden building; was a good one co<^ting$7,ooo. The 
 first story is divided in two apartments; the second story is all 
 in one though two teachers (the professor and assistant) are em- 
 ployed therein, making it equivalent to two schools. 
 
 For the last four years Prof. J. Wesley Bird has had charge of 
 this and other schools in this district, and we may safely claim 
 that our schools are as good as any in the State. 
 
 It was soon found that this building did not furnish sufficient 
 room and another school house was built in the district on 
 Holmes Avenue, and another building rented for a school room 
 on Ogden Avenue. 
 
 District No. 2 also built a school house, which they have 
 found too small and have, during the present year, erected a 
 large two-story building, which will probably be sufficient for 
 several years. Their District board for the present year are 
 Charles Parent, Louis Young and Moses Frechette. 
 
 The names of the School officers in other towns I cannot ob- 
 tain in time to prepare these sketches for the press. 
 
CHAFER VI. 
 
 BANKS. HUNT & FRASER'S MENOMINEE KANK. 
 
 This bank began to do business on March 7th, 1S73, ^ii"ider the 
 name "Menominee Bank." The original proprietors were H. 
 E. Hayden, Fredrick Stafford, (then of Negaunee), and H. J. 
 Colwell of Clarksburg, Michigan. James Eraser was Cashier. 
 June 5tji, 1874, Frederick Stafford bought out Hayden and Col- 
 well, and carried on the business alone until December 14th, 
 1S74, when he sold out to M. R. Hunt and James Eraser, who re 
 organized under the name it now bears. Commencing business 
 as it did, the season before the panic came on, in the fall of 
 1873, it received a severe shock, but has, nevertheless, continued 
 to do a good business. 
 
 Its total exchange business since it commenced has been 
 ^800,000; the amount paid out on checks $584,179.02; gross 
 business of every kind $1,500,000. The amount paid out on 
 exchange for the fiscal year just closed is $175,000. The pres- 
 ent officers are M, R. Hunt, Prest., andjames Eraser, Cashier. 
 
 THE EXCHANGE BANK OE MENOMINEE 
 
 Commenced business in March 1873. It was begun in 1S70 by 
 George A. Woodford, Clinton B. Fay and Charles H. Jones, 
 rather as a broker shop than a bank, The main object being to 
 buy the drafts of the mill companies drawn on Chicago. George 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 53 
 
 A. Woodford having the management of the business. After- 
 wards Fay and Jones sold their interest and in 1874 Charles E. 
 Aiken, the present cashier, bought into it and has had the man- 
 agement of the bank since that time — Woodford still retaining 
 his interest. It has done a fair business considering the times. 
 The gross amount of business for 1875 '^ $35o>ooO' Total busi- 
 ness of every kind since its commencement ^IjOOOjOoo- Pres- 
 ent officers are George A. Woodford, Prest. and Charles E Ai- 
 ken, Cashier. 
 
 THE GERMAN BANK 
 
 Commenced busine:;s .March 1875. ^^^ business is confined to 
 buying drafts. The funds being furnished by the Stephenson 
 Banking Company of Marinette. The certificate is filed in the 
 name of Jacob Math, Cashier, who attends to the whole business. 
 The gross amount of its ba.;iness for 1875 •s $75,000. 
 
 CHAPER VII. 
 
 CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, RAILROADS, &C. 
 
 For many years there was no l^^es at Menominee, nor on 
 the other side of the river. The first institution of a religious 
 character of which tradition informs us was a mission established 
 for the Indians at Mission Point, near where the Ludington mill 
 now stands in Marinette. It is not known whether it was Cath- 
 olic or Episcopal, It is said the early traders did not fiivor it, 
 
54 CENTENNIAL HISJORV. 
 
 as they feared its influence on the indians would interfere with 
 their trade, especially in the sale of whiskey ; so to get rid of it 
 they induced them to destroy it. Whether this be true or 
 not, it has passed away and nothing remains but the name Mis- 
 sion Point. After the organization of the county in i86S the 
 people here began to think it better to have churches. There 
 were but few professed christians and they were of various de- 
 nominational belief. No one sect had sufficient strength to erect 
 a building for worship. About this time Rev. John Fairchild, 
 who was established as pastor of the Presbyterian church in 
 Marinette, organized a church in Menominee, called the "First 
 Presbyterian Church, of Menominee," and Henry Loomis, a 
 young theological student, of Auburn Seminary, N. Y. (now a 
 Missionary in (>hina) came here to spend his vacation and re- 
 cruit his health. He was full of zeal and soon after he came he 
 began to agitate the question of building a church. The people 
 were ready to support such a move and steps were immediately 
 taken for the purpose. The Kirby-Carpenter Company gave a 
 lot and Mr. Loomis went to work and cleared away the bushes. 
 The companies all subscribed liberally, as also did the people, 
 according to their means. Tlie building committee appointed 
 were Samuel M. Stephenson, E. S. Ingalls and William P. New- 
 berry. B, W. Porter, of Waukegan, 111., was employed to come 
 up and take charge of the construction. The church was com- 
 pleted in 1869 and was dedicated July 1 8th of that year. A con- 
 tribution was taken up on dedication day and all arrearages were 
 then paid. The first Trustees were Samuel M. Stephenson, 
 Miles Shephard, Thomas Murray, Edward L. Parmenter and 
 William P. Newberry. The first pastor was Henry Loomis, Avho 
 accepted the pulpit for four months. The present Trustees are 
 Samuel M. Stephenson, Edward L. Parmenter, Salmon P. Sax- 
 ton and Miles Shephard. The present pastor is Rev. A. W. 
 Bill. 
 
 . The number of members when first organized was nine. The 
 present number is seventy-three enrolled, eighteen of whom are 
 absent from the county. The church for a long time was weak, 
 and without aid from those who were not members of any church, 
 could not have been sustained, yet it has always received liberal 
 assistance, and has sustained steady preaching since that time. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 55 
 
 To illustrate their weakness and how churches were managed 
 here, I must relate an incident : One evening two or three 
 years after the church was built, a friend said to me, ''come let's 
 go down to the church meeting. " Not feeling inclined to go, 
 ne explained, saying that the time for which the preacher had 
 been employed was about out, that the church was somewhat in 
 arrears, and a meeting was to be held, to see what could be done 
 about it, and to see about employing a pastor for another year, 
 so I went with him and though not a member of the society, I 
 was elected chairman of the meeting. There was but one mem- 
 ber of the church present; the others being outsiders, though 
 most of them were regular attendants at church. 
 
 The business of the previous year was investigated aud some- 
 thing over sixty dollars found to be due from the society, which 
 was raised on the spot. The question then came up about hiring 
 a preacher, and it was proposed that the chairman should ap- 
 point a committee to confer with the one then there (Rev. Pay- 
 son) and if he did not wish to stay, to employ some other one. 
 
 There was one man present who had done more than any oth- 
 er one towards paying for building the church and supporting it 
 after it was built, who was also a Trustee; though a moral man in 
 all other respects, he had an inveterate habit of swearing, and no 
 doubt was often profane without knowing it. I immediately ap- 
 pointed him chairman of the committee. As soon as he heard 
 his name spoken in that connection, he jumped up, and object- 
 ed, for, said he, "By — , Mr. Chairman, you know I can't talk 
 it over with him n'ithout swearing." This, of course, brought 
 down the house ; I however told him that I did not consider 
 that a good excuse, and if he did swear, perhaps the preacher 
 would talk with him and assist him in breaking the habit. He 
 took the position and a preacher was hired. This is the first time 
 that I ever heard of non-members holding a church meeting, and 
 doing business for the society — even to the extent of hiring a 
 pa.stor. It has not been repeated here, though the outsiders give 
 the church a hearty support. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 In 1872 the Roman Catholics commenced the construction of 
 a church which they comjjleicd in 1873. 
 
56 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 This is the largest church in the town and is in every respect 
 a credit to the society. 
 
 The persons who interested themselves in building this church 
 were Thomas Breen, Bartley Breen, Edward Hatton, Joseph 
 Garon and Robert Pengilly, all of whom, except Thomas Breen, 
 were the first Trustees. Father M. A. Fox was the first Priest 
 who officiated in it. The present trustees are Bartley Breen, 
 George Horvath, Moses Frechette, Joseph Garon and Edward 
 Hatton. The present priest is Father Peter Menard. 
 
 GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 The construction of this church vvas commenced in 1S73 J i^ 
 was completed in 1874. 
 
 The members are all Germans and the services are usually con- 
 ducted in that language. The church though not large is quite 
 tasty. 
 
 The first officers of the society were George Harter, Brest.; 
 Henry Ammerman, Sec'y ; Nicholas Gewehr, Treas., and C 
 Toeppel, preacher, who still acts as pastor. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 In 1874 Rev Richard Copp came here, having been sent to 
 establish a society and erect a church. 
 
 He found the people suffering from the effects of the financial 
 panic, and not able to respond as liberally as they had done in 
 such work previously- 
 
 Nevertheless he began the work and found the people willing 
 to aid according to their means. He soon had a small snug 
 church up, and completed, ready for dedication. 
 
 On dedication day enough money was raised, or nearly, by 
 contribution, to pay off the balance due on the building. In 
 the construction of it, he pulled off his coat and worked as hard 
 teaming lumber, &c., as any man who works by the day. I 
 think the secret of his success lay in this, for the people seeing 
 his zeal in the cause, and that he did not spare himself in hard 
 work, felt the more interested in his enterprise, and without 
 doubt contributed more than they otherwise would have done. 
 
 The Pastor was and still is Rev. Richard Copp. The present 
 number of members is 37, and nine probationers. 
 
 There are no other churches in tne county. Those named 
 are all in the village of IMenominee. 
 
CENTENNIAL IIISTQRV. 57 
 
 In Marinette there is one of each denomination, the Catho- 
 lic, Presbyterian, Methodist and Scandinavian. 
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 The first society of the kind instituted was the Menominee 
 Lodge No. 269, F. & A. M., which received its dispensation 
 from the Grand Lodge of Michigan August 9th, 1869. The 
 Charter members were WiUiam Somerville, P. W. M., Miles 
 Shepard, P. W. iM., E. S. Ingalls, J- L. Buell, Dr. John Murphy, 
 John Hanley, S. P. Saxton, and E. Gilbert Jackson. The 
 first officers were, William Somerville, W. >!.; M'iles Shepard, 
 S. W.; E. Gilbert Jackson, J. W.; S. P. Saxton, Treas.; John 
 Murphy, Secy.; C. B. Myers, S. D.; W. D. Gage, J, D.; John- 
 athan Barker, Tiler. The number of members when first or- 
 ganized was 18, the present number is 50. The officers at pres- 
 ent are, William Somerville, W. M.; J. R. Brooks, S. W.; Jo- 
 seph Flcshiem, J. W.; J. C.Sherman, Treas.; J. W. Bird, Secy.; 
 G. A. Woodford, S. U.; Albert Leonhard, J. D.; C. B. Knowl- 
 ton. Tiler. 
 
 MENOMINEE LODGE NO. IT,/ 1. O. O. F. 
 
 Was instituted as a Lodge Oct. 15th, 1869, by dispensation 
 from the R. W. Cjrand Lodge, of Michigan. The charter was 
 received January 20th, 1870, from M. W. G. M., J. S. Curtis. 
 'i"he first elective officers were George Harter, N. G.; Clarence 
 Rice. V, G.; Phillip Lowenstein, Sec'y.; Robert McCullough, 
 Treas., — who with George Reed were the charter members. 
 The Lodge was installed by D. D. G, M., C. J. Bellows, of Es- 
 canaba, Lodge No. 118, assisted by P. G., Jrtephen Goss. After 
 the installation P. G., E. S. Ingalls was admitted and enrolled 
 as an ancient Odd Fellow, and John N. Theriault, Julius Ru- 
 l)recht, Theodore Lindner, William H. Jenkins and William 
 Lehman were initiated and joined — the Lodge then having 
 eleven members. The present elective officers are Frank Seidel, 
 N. G.; Lewis Dobeas, V. G.; Phillip Lowenstein, Sec'y.; Wolf- 
 gang Reindel, Treas.; 1). 1). G. M. Salmon P. Saxton. No. of 
 members at present 58. The lodge although yet young is the 
 parent of several lodges. 
 
58 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORY 
 
 At the time this one was organized there was no lodge of the 
 order nearer than Green Bay city, Wisconsin, or Escanaba, in 
 this state. By permission of the Grand I,odge of the respective 
 states, members and candidates were allowed to join it, from 
 Wisconsin, and many did join it from Marinette and Peshtigo. 
 When the membership became large enough the members from 
 Marinette withdrew, and established a lodge in that village. Af- 
 terwards those from Peshtigo withdrew and established a lodge 
 at home also. A lodge was also formed in Oconto, Wisconsin, 
 the first members of which had been members of the lodtre in 
 Menominee.' 
 
 SOCIETE ST. LOUIS DE SECOURS MUTUELS DE MENOMINEE, 
 
 The first meeting for the organization of this lodge was held 
 Sept. 22nd, 1873, in which the constitution of the French Societe 
 of Fond du l>ac, Wisconsin, was received and accepted. 
 
 The society was incorporated in the State of Michigan, Sept. 
 13th, 1874. The first officers elected were Theodolph Trudel, 
 Presl.; Louis J. Raiche, Treas. and George Allard, Sec'y, On 
 the 21st of Sept. 1874, the society was admitted into the Union 
 of the P>ench Societe of the United States of America. The of- 
 ficers for the present term are Joseph Bernheim, Prest.; L. J. 
 Raich, Vice-Prest.; Albert Pauli, Financial and Corresponding 
 Sec'y. The society at present has 88 members and the active 
 cash capital of the society is $462.39. This society, as will be^ 
 inferred from its name, is composed of French speaking people. 
 It has done much good; man / who otherwise would have suffered 
 have been relieved ; when they have met with accident, or been 
 overtaken by sickness. 
 
 INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. 
 
 A lodge of this order was established in 1870, and was in suc- 
 cessful operation for about three years. Its lodge room was 
 burned and it then became disorganized. 
 
 MENOMINEE IRON COMPANY. 
 
 This Company was incorporated in 1872, — the incorporators 
 were H. J. Colwell, of Clarksburgh, Michigan, A. B. Meeker, 
 W. L. Brown, John H. Wrenn, of Chicago, 111., and Jerome T. 
 Case, of Racine, Wis. — Morris R. Hunt, of Depere, Wis., was a 
 stockholder. The first officers were A. B. Meeker, Pres.; M. R. 
 Hunt, Cashier; J. H. Wrenn, Sec'y & Treas.; Robert Jackson, 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 59 
 
 Supt.; C. Sprong, Ass't. Supt. and Acc't. and Richartl Dundon^ 
 Founder. The company commenced the construction of the 
 furnace in October 1872, and went into blast Aug. 1873. 
 Notwithstanding the depression of the iron market 
 following the panic of 1873, the furnace kas continued in 
 blast, only stopi)ing for repairs. Its average capacity with char- 
 coal, made from pine slabs and other soft wood, is 20 tons of pfg 
 iron per day. The furnace is situated on the bay shore, at the 
 north end of the village of Menom-inee It was erected under 
 the superintendence of James White and cost $140,^000. The 
 l)resent officers are A. B. Meeker, Prest ; W. L Brown, Treas.; 
 M. R. Hunt, (;ash'r., and Culbert Sprong, Sec>. and Supt. 
 
 THE PENINSULA IRON AND LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Was incorporated May 29th, 1876. Capital stock $500,000. 
 The incorporators and stockholders are Samuel M. Nickerson, 
 Henry H. Porter, Augustus A. Carpenter, Samuel M. Stephen- 
 son and James B Goodman. The company owns 24,762 acres 
 of land. The'ofificers are James I{. (loodman, Prest , Samuel M. 
 Stephenson. Vice-^^rest ; Samuel M. Nickerson, Treas. and Mar- 
 vin A Farr, Sec'y. 
 
 KAILROADS. 
 
 The Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company for many 
 years had contemplated extending its road to Lake Superior. Tiie 
 United States many year--- ago had made a grant of 8 sections of 
 land to the mile and the State of Michigan gave six sections of 
 land to the mile to aid in its construction, but it was not uiitU 
 187 I that work was begun between Gree.n Bay ci^y (Fort. How- 
 ard) and Menominee, and in tiiat season the road was completed 
 to Menominee. In 1872 it was extended from .Menominee to 
 Kscanaba, in Delta county, where it connected with the Penin- 
 sula Division of the Com])any's Railroad, which terminated at 
 Negaunee connet:ting with the Mar([uette, Houghton & Onton- 
 agon Railroad— this completed the line to Lake Superior. The 
 Railroad bridge across the Menominee was built in 1872. Tiie 
 line of their railroad was located somewhat with a view to the 
 opening of the mines in the .^^enominee Iron Range, being run 
 northcrl} from .^lenominee to a poiut twelve miles from the 
 Breen mine, the nearest known mine on the range, then turning 
 abruj)tly east to Escanaba. 
 
6o CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 The only man connected with Menominee interests who was 
 directly connected with this company was H. H Porter, who has 
 labored hard in promoting the early completion of the road. 
 
 This is the only railroad completed in the county. 
 
 DEER. CREEK AND MARBLE QUARRY RAILROAD 
 
 Company was organized and incorporated in 1870 for the pur- 
 pose of building a railroad from the Menominee Iron Range 
 and Marble Quarries to the shore of Green Bay at Deer Creek, 
 which is the nearest point on the shore from the mines where 
 docks could be made, The officers were E. S. Ingalls, Prest., 
 Salmon P. Saxton, Secretary, Miles Shepard, Treasurer. The 
 road has not been constructed : Another Company having been 
 organized for the purpose of constructing a railroad from the line 
 of the C. & N. W. R. R. to the mines. The stock holders of 
 this company have made application to the Circuit Court for an 
 order dissolving the Corporation. 
 
 THE MENOMINEE RIVER RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 Was incorporated in 1S75 — ^'"^^ purpose of the company being to 
 construct a railroad to the Menominee Iron Range, before al- 
 luded to. It is expected that the company will construct a rail- 
 road from the C. & N. W. R. R. to the mines this present season. 
 This company has had a grant of land from the State of seven 
 sections to the mile, to be selected in Menominee and Delta 
 counties, to aid in the construction of the road. The grant was 
 made on the condition that ten miles of road should be con- 
 structed within one year, which ended May 3d, 1S76, and ten 
 miles each year thereafter , but as the first ten miles has not been 
 built, the act has become inoperative. It is intended to con- 
 struct 26 miles this year to the Quinnesec mine, and it is be- 
 lieved that if the company shall do so the Legislature will renew 
 the grant next winter. 
 
 STEAMBOATS. 
 
 The first steamboat that stopped at Menominee of which we 
 have any record was the ''New York," which called here for 
 wood in 1836, on which was Daniel Wells, Jr., who has since 
 been so intimately connected with the mill interests of Menom- 
 inee. It is said Farnsworth & Brush had just finished burning 
 a pit of charcoal when the boat arrived, and the captain confis- 
 cated that with his other fuel. The steamer "Fashion," run- 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 6 1 
 
 ning from Chicago to Green Bay, horn. 185 1 to 185-6, called at 
 this port each way. The "Columbia" also came here in 1854, 
 and the old steamer 'Michigan" occasionally stopped here, and 
 perhaps others that the old settlers do not remember. It was not 
 until 1856, or 1857 that boats began to run regularly to the 
 port of Menominee. The first among this class was the "Morgan 
 L. Martin." a river boat brought from the Fox River, Wis., 
 which ran from Green Bay city, to Menominee, two or three 
 times a week, but not very regularlv. Previous to that time the 
 mail and passengers were brought by a small open sloop called the 
 "Polly." In 1857 the steamer "Fannie Fisk," Capt (Daniel iM. 
 Whitney, master,) owned by Joel S. Fisk of Ft. Howard, Wis., 
 was put on the line from Green Bay to Menominee, and made 
 three trips per week regularly. She continued on the line until 
 after the rebellion broke out, during which she was taken up the 
 Fox river, down the Wisconsin to the Mississippi, and down to 
 New Orleans, where she was used as a government transport. 
 She made one trip to Matamoras, in Texas, and on her return 
 was sent up the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers, where, with 
 several others, she was burned by the rebels. 
 
 In 1858 John B. Jacobs purchased and put upon the same line 
 the steamer "Queen City," running alternate days with the 
 steamer "Fannie Fisk ' — this gave a daily boat from Green Bay 
 to Menominee. Jacobs continued to run her until he sold out 
 to the Green Bay and Menominee River Navigation Company. 
 
 In the spring of 1866 the steamer Union, owned by Augustus 
 C. Brown and F.B.Gardiner, was put on the line. The "Union" 
 was first built for a tug at Pensaukee by F. B. Gardner, in 1865, 
 and in 1866 was lengthened and fitted for a good sea boat. In 
 1867 she was sold to the Green Bay and Menominee River Navi- 
 gation Company — this company being formed the same year. 
 The incorporators were Isaac Stephenson, Samuel M Stephen- 
 son, Abner Kirby, Jesse Spalding, F. B. Gardner, William J. 
 Fisk and Augustus C. Carpenter. The company continued to 
 run the steamboats Union and Queen City until 1871. The 
 Queen City was sold and finally came into the hands of Capt. 
 Taylor and was burned in Green Bay, near Ford river, in the fall of 
 1875. The Union is still running from Green Bay to Efcanaba, 
 in charge of Ca])t. Thomas Hawley, who owns licr. 
 
62 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 After the "C. ii N. W. R. R was completed to Ft. Howard, 
 Wis. (in 1 863), a company connected with that road put on a 
 daily line of steamers, running from Ft. Howard to Escanaba, 
 stopping at Menominee each way. The first boats put on the 
 line were the "Sarah Van Epps" and "Arrow." A new boat 
 built by the company called "George L. Dunlap" was put on in 
 1864. The "Sarah Van Epps," not giving satisfaction, was 
 sold, and the "Saginaw" put in her place in 1866. After the 
 railroad was completed to the Menominee river the "Saginaw" 
 ran only between Menominee and Escanaba, and was withdrawn 
 altogether when the road was completed to the latter place. In 
 1869 the "Lady Franklin" was put on the line as an independ- 
 ent boat When these boats began running they could not get 
 into the river on account of the sand bar at the mouth, and there 
 were no docks on the shore. In 1868 the Kirby-Carpenter Com- 
 pany built a dock, and the Saginaw and George L. Dunlap be- 
 gan stopping at it in 1869. 
 
 The first tug owned on the river was the Bob Mills, which was 
 bought in Buffalo by the Kirby-Carpenter Company and brought 
 here in 1868. The old Morgan L. Martin, after she had become 
 too old to trust to the rough seas of the Bay, was used as a tug. 
 In 1869 George Coon and Andrew Stephenson built a tug which 
 they named '-Anr.ie Laurie," it being afterward owned by the 
 Menominee River Lumber Company. She was afterward sold 
 and has left the waters of Green Bay. In 1870 the Ludington, 
 Wells & Van Schaick Company bought the side-wheel tug, Mary 
 Reed, which they used for towing for awhile, and then sold her to 
 parties in Saginaw. In 1872 the company bought the tug Bob 
 Stephenson. In 1868 the N. Ludington Company bought the 
 side-wheel tug Isaac Stephenson, In i874 Isaac Stephenson and 
 S. M. Stephenson bought the tug Escanaba, and now own her. 
 Previous to the purchase of the tugs the lumber of the various 
 mills was taken out to the vessels at anchor in scows, which were 
 hauled by men with lines made fast to the shore and to the ves- 
 sel that was to be loaded This was not only slow but very 
 laborious and cold work, especially in the spring and fall, as the 
 lines had to be lifted from the water as they progressed. Until 
 1 87 1 nearly all the lumber made was shipped on sail vessels, and 
 it was not unusual to see twenty-five vessels at anchorage at one 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 63 
 
 time. In that year the Kirby-Carpenter Company purchased 
 the propeller Favorite, a good sea boat, and barges that would 
 stow from 300,000 to 400,000 feet each. In 1873 the Menomi- 
 nee River Lumber C:ompany, H. Whitbeck Company, and N.. 
 Ludington Company bought a propeller, ihe Bismark, and six 
 barges, with capacity for storing 3,000.000 feet of lumber. Now 
 nearly all the lumber from Menominee is transported to Chica-o 
 by steam. The Bismark is commanded by Capt. Joseph Po 
 
 rett. 
 
 Since 1869 the Goodrich Company of Chicago, who had a 
 line of propellers running from that place to Green Bay City, 
 have had their boats stop regularly at Menominee. The propel- 
 lers Truesdell and St Joseph were the fust boats of their line 
 that called here. The Oconto was afterwards put in the place of 
 the St. Jpseph. and this year the Menominee takes the place ot 
 the Oconto. The Menominee is of 800 tons burden, and one of 
 the best propellers on the Lakes. Each boat makes two calls 
 here every week, making a semi-weekly line by propellers from 
 this point to Chicago, besides the trips of the Favorite and Bis- 
 mark. In 1869 Robert O'Neil built a small steamer to be used 
 as a Ferry boat and to run around the Bay in good weather. 
 She was called "Kitty 0,Neil, and is still on the river. 
 
 The only large vessel which has been built at Menominee is 
 the scow "Menominee," built by Abner Kirby, in 1S66 or '7, 
 which is still in use on the Lakes. 
 
CHAFER VIII. 
 
 FARMS. 
 
 As before statecl, the first farms opened were at Wausaukee 
 Bend and at Chappee's Rapids, by the late John G. Kittson. 
 The whole county is covered with dense forests of pine, hemlock, 
 beech, basswood, maple, and other trees indigenous to a north- 
 ern climate, with swamps covered with white cedar and tamerac 
 trees. All of the beech and maple lands, and cedar swamps, 
 when cleared, become good farming lands; the cedar swamps 
 when drained being the best. 
 
 For many years after the settlement was formed in the county 
 it was thought that farming could not be made profitable, and 
 the main business carried on was fur trading, lumbering and 
 fishing. About 1855 several German families, among whom was 
 William Hackerman, Henry Bade. Sr., Frederic and Henry Sie- 
 man; afterwards Xavier Algeyer and others, came and took up 
 and began to clear farms at what has since been known as the 
 Birch Creek settlement, about seven miles from Menominee. 
 They settled upon Beech and maple lands, and now have large 
 farms. The great fire of 1871 swept through the settlement, de- 
 stroying everything in its course, and many lives ; but nothing 
 daunted, the survivors commenced'again the next spring, fenced 
 their fields, and now have good buildings and larger clearings. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 65 
 
 The railroad runs through the settlement. 
 
 In 1858 Thomas Caldwell commenced clearing a farm on the 
 Little Cedar river, a branch of the Menominee, twenty miles 
 above the mouth and cleared about forty acres. 
 
 A year or two before that Jessee L. Hamilton commenced 
 clearing a farm at the mouth of the Little Cedar, on the bank 
 of the Menominee, at the foot of the Grand Rapids. He clear- 
 ed a large farm which Patrick Devine and his son bought and 
 lived on until the present year. 
 
 In 1866 the Hamilton & Merryman Company commenced 
 clearing a farm fifty-six miles up the river with a view of supply- 
 ing their logging camps, and thus save the expenoC of transporting 
 hay and root crops. Their principal crop has been hay, ' oats, 
 potatoes and other roots. The company now has one hundred 
 and twenty acres cleared. The value of the crop raised last year 
 on the farm is ^1800, 
 
 Adjoining the Hamilton & Merryman Company's farm the 
 Kirby-Carpenter Company has a farm with 230 acres cleared ; 
 the value of the products of this farm for 1875 ^^'^'^ $4600. The 
 crops were hay potatoes, turnips, cabbage and a small amount 
 of winter wheat as an experiment. Thomas Murray has charge 
 of the farm. 
 
 About one mile from these farms the H. Witbeck ■ Company 
 has a farm which was commenced in 1868 and now has 200 acres 
 cleared. The crop last year was 140 tons liay worth at the farm 
 $20 per ton, 1500 bushels potatoes worth 25 cents per bushel. 
 The oat croj) was cut for hay. 
 
 Adjoining this farm the Ludington, Wells &: Van Schaick 
 Company has a farm with 100 acres cleared; the value of the 
 crops for last year was $1586. This company has two other 
 farms, one at the Relay House, 25 miles from Menominee vil- 
 lage, with 120 acres cleared ; value of crops 1875, $1210, and 
 one at Pike River, on the Wisconsin side, with 40 acres cleared. 
 
 At the mouth of the Sturgeon river the .Menominee River Lum- 
 ber Company has a farm. The clearing on this farm was com- 
 menced in 1866 — there are now loo acres cleared. The crops 
 raised are principally hay, oats and potatoes. The estimated 
 value of the crops at the farm for 1875 was $5,000. 
 
 All crops on these farnis have a greater value than the}- would 
 
66 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 have in the village of Menominee for they save transportation of 
 their products a great distance. The farms are also used as slop- 
 ing places for the men and teams, going to and returning from. 
 the logging camps in the winter. 
 
 The Kirby-Carpenter Company has also three other farms be- 
 tween Menominee village and the farm mentioned. One, called 
 the 9-mile farm; has 95 acres cleared; the total value of the pro- 
 duce of 1875 is $2325 : One at the mouth of Pike river, in Wis- 
 consin, has 18 acres cleared ; total value of product of 1875, 
 ^1170 : Also one at the Grand Rapids with 4o acres cleared ; 
 total value of products of 1875 ^885. Some of the crops suffered 
 from grasshoppers last year, which reduced the yield to less than 
 
 average. 
 
 H. Witbeck Company has one other farm. 
 
 The N. Ludington Company has a farm situated on the Me- 
 nominee, near Pemina creek. This is a large farm but I have not 
 the statistics. 
 
 William Holmes and George Henderson have opened a farm 
 on the Sturgeon River in Town 40, N. R. 28, W., which is the 
 farthest in the interior of any farm yet cleared. 
 
 Since the building of the railroad many farms have begun to 
 be cleared along it and also in other parts of the county, but 
 space forbids that I should make particular mention of them here. 
 The principal products of the farms are hay, oats and potatoes^ 
 but other grains and roots will grow and mature well. In time 
 the county will be a great dairy and sheep-raising district. All 
 the cultivated grasses grow well and the soil and climate i? par- 
 ticularly adapted to growing root crops. 
 
 FISHING 
 
 Has been a prominent business at Menominee and along the bay 
 shore since the first settlement. The fish caught for market are 
 white fish, lake trout and dory (a species of Pike.) Besides 
 these the waters abound with sturgeon, bass, perch, suckers and 
 pickerel, of eatable varieties,and several varieties that are worth- 
 less. The small inland streams contain an abundance of brook 
 trout. In 1S74, 6,000 young salmon were deposited in the Me- 
 nominee river by the fish commissioners. None have been 
 caught so it is not known whether or not they lived, though N. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 67 
 
 R. Soule says tliat he has this season seen fish jumping out of the 
 water on ihc Grand Ra|jids, that had the appearance and action 
 of sahiion. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The first newspaper published at Menominee, or about the 
 Menominee river, was The Herald, the first number of which 
 was issued Sept. 10, 1863. E. S. Ingalls, editor and proprietor. 
 It was Republican in politics. In 1866 — '7 Jesse Spalding, of 
 the Menekaune mill, I. Stephenson, of the N. lAidington Corn- 
 pan)-, the Kirby, Carpenter Company, the R. Stephenson Com- 
 ])any and myself each put in ^200 and many of the other citizens 
 sums from $1 to ^50 each, and a press and type and other outfit 
 for a printing office were bouglit. Andrew R. Bradbury came 
 here and took charge of the paper, the purchasers allowing him 
 to take the property without interest, and pay for it as he could. 
 He conducted the pajjcr until January 187 1, when he sold out to 
 James A. (^rozer, who, in 1874, sold it to Dudley S. Crandall, 
 who conducted it one \ear and sold back to Oo/.er, who is now 
 its editor and publisher. 
 
 'Y\\>t Lumberman a/iii Mi/ier \V3& established by a company ; 
 of wliom the most prominent were John L. Buell, Ceorge 
 
68 CENTENNIAL HIS'J ORY. 
 
 Harter, Phillip Lowenstein, William H. Jenkins and Joseph 
 Juttner. They bought a press and materials in 1873 and pro- 
 cured A. R Bradbury to take charge of it, who conducted it 
 for a short time when John L. McLaughlin took charge. In Jan. 
 of 1876, John L. Buell took the prsss and materials and began 
 printing the Menominee Joiirnal, which he is still publishing. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 MENOMINEE IRON RANGE. 
 
 The Breen mine was discovered in 1866 by Bartley and Thom- 
 as Breen. In 1872 the Breen mining company was incorporated 
 with a capital stock of ^500,000. The company owns the Breen 
 mine containing 120 acres of land. The original stockholders 
 were Eleazer S. Ingalls, Salmon P. Saxton, Bartley Breen, Thomas 
 Breen, and afterwards Seth C. Perry. The first officers were E. 
 S. Ingalls, Brest.; Thomas B. Rice, Sec'y; Salmon P. 
 Saxton, Treas. The officers at present are E. S. Ingalls, Prest.; 
 Thomas Breen, Treas,; Salmon P. Saxton, Sec'y. : Directors 
 E. S. Ingalls, Bartley Breen, Thomas Breen, S. P. Saxton and 
 Oscar M. Saxton. 
 
 In 1873 the Ingalls mining company was incorporated. The 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 69 
 
 company owns tiie Ingalls mine including 240 acres of land. The 
 capital ^tock was made $500,000. The first ofificers were E. S. 
 Ingalls, Prest,; Andrew J, Easton, Vice-Prest.; Franklin S. Mill- 
 bury, Treas.; Charles L. Ingalls, Sec'y. The directors were E. S. 
 Ingalls, Andrew J. Easton and F. S. Millbury. The present officers 
 are E. S. Ingalls, Prest; Franklin S. Millbury, Sec'y.; A. J. 
 Easton, Treas., and the same directors. The mine owned by 
 this company is believed to be fully as valuable as any mine in the 
 Menominee Iron Ranges. No other company is known to be in- 
 corporated owning mines in these ranges. 
 
 The Quinesec mine was discovered by Jchn L. Euell, in Aug- 
 ust, 1873. The Quinesec mine, under the superintendence of 
 Mr. Buell, has been well tested and the richness of the ore and 
 value of the mine determined past a doubt. There are many 
 other mines in the Menominee district not yet named. When 
 the Menominee ranges shall be opened by railroad they bid fair 
 to become the most valuable iron districts in the United States, 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 SECOND CLASS OF OLD SETTLERS. 
 
 Alexander Loughry came to Menominee in 1842 ; Jacob Kern 
 in i846; John Brecn, Adolph Wilson, Daniel Corry, Morris 
 Hanly, in 1849; Thomas, Bartley, James. Daniel and Michael 
 Breen, and tneir mother; John Corry and his sister, Catherine 
 Louis Hardwick, Josiah R. Brooks and his father, Nathaniel, in 
 1850. Daniel Breen was killed in i860 while breaking a jam on 
 
JO CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 the Little Cedar River — by the logs rolling over him. George 
 W. Lovejoy came in 1851, Gilbert iMoreau in 1852, John N, 
 Theriault in 1853, Nicholas Gewehr, Kenry Newberry and Wil- 
 liam P. his son came in 1854. Henry Newberry built the first 
 house in the village of Menominee after those of Andrus Eve- 
 land and John Quimby. He perished in the great woods fire of 
 1S71, being then on his farm at Peshtigo Sugar Bush. John 
 Hanley, Daniel Nason, Alanson F. Lyon, William G. Boswell, 
 William Hackerman, Henry Bade, Sr. and family. Frederick 
 and Henry Sieman came in 1855 ; Samuel W, Abbott, Henry 
 Nason, Andrew Mclver and Albert W. Boswell in 1856. Thom- 
 as Caldwell in 1857 ; Leon Cota, Frank Eggert and Lewis Do- 
 beas in 1861 ; William Lehman in 1862. Jacob Johnson came 
 .as early as 1849 ^"^ lived here several years. He now resides on 
 a farm at Peshtigo Sugar Bush. 
 
 LAWYERS. 
 
 The writer is the first lawyer who settled in the county. He 
 came to the Menominee river in 1859 and to the Michigan side 
 in 1S62. The next was Thomas B. Rice who came in the spring 
 1871. He is now Probate Judge* Benjamin J, Brown came to 
 Menominee in 1873 from Saginaw, Michigan, William A, 
 Franklin came here in March 1876. 
 
 BRICK BUILDINGS. 
 
 The first brick dwelling erected was the residence of S. M, 
 
 Stephenson, which has once been burned and rebuilt. Augustus 
 
 A. Spies has lately completed another such residence. The first 
 
 brick store erected was by Augustus A. Spies and Harlan P. Bird, 
 
 ♦which was built in 1872, at a cost of $12,000. 
 
 FIRE ENGINES. 
 
 In 1872 Engine No. i, a hand engine, was bought. About the 
 same time the Kirby, Carpenter Company bought another, but 
 these being insufficient an Amoskeag (N. H.) steam engine was 
 bought in 1874. The first officers of Engine No. i, were George 
 Harter, Foreman ; Henry Nason, First Assistant ; John J. Far- 
 rier, Second Assistant ; Augustus Spies, Treas.; Edward Leake, 
 Secy.; Charles E. Aiken, Assistant Sec'y. 
 
 The present officers are Henry Nason, Foreman, Pascal Perket, 
 ist Assistant; Philip Harter, 2d Assistant, Albert Pauli, Sec'y; 
 Joseph Wanek, Treas. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 7 1 
 
 The officers of No. 2 (steamer) are Robert Stephenson, Capt.; 
 J. C. Sherman, ist Assistant; Harlan P. Bird, 2d Assistant; 
 Joseph Fleshiem, Secy; Wm. H. Jenkins. Treas.; Louis Gram, 
 Chief Engineer; Nelson Gram, 2d Engineer. Edward Bent- 
 house and Nelson Gram have charge of the Engine and horses. 
 
 THE HARBOR. 
 
 An appropriation of $16,000 was made, which was used up in 
 surveys; afterward an appropriation of $25 000 was made and 
 in 1874 the work of driving piles and building breakwaters was 
 commenced. The channel of the river is wide but is obstruct- 
 ed by a bar of sand running across the mouth. Other appro- 
 priations have since been made ar.d the work has progressed each 
 year. Although the Harbor is not completed the ordinary sized 
 .vessels come in to load. 
 
 THE MENOMINEE RIVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 Was incorporated 1866, The incorporators were Jesse Spald- 
 ing, Harrison Ludington, Nelson Ludington, Daniel Wells Jr., 
 Abner Kirby, S M. Stephenson, Isaac Stephenson, Robert 
 Stephenson. W. O. Carpenter, Truman Woodford, Ely Wright 
 and R. L. Hall, who were constituted the first board of direct- 
 ors. The first officers were Harrison Ludington. Brest.; Isaac 
 Stephenson, Vice-Prest.; Agustus C. Brown, Sec'y and Treas. 
 The first meeting for the election of officers w.is held at the 
 store of N. Ludington Company in Marinette, Feb. 15th 1867. 
 The company immediately constructed a dam across the river 
 at the head of the rapids, to set the water back and create a 
 pond to hold the logs. They have since built another across the , 
 river where the old Dr, Hall mill stood, and a wing dam below 
 that. The company has also put in a large number of piers and 
 booms, and have now completed arrangements for holding and 
 dividing the logs, In 1875 there passed through the dividing 
 booms 602,285 logs, amounting 112,056,280 feet of lumber 
 board measure. The largest amount that has passed through the 
 booms in one year is 142,917,228 feet (in 1872). The present 
 officers are H. Ludington, Brest.; I, Stephenson, Vice-President; 
 C'harles J. Ellis Sec'y and Treasurei^. The Board of Directors 
 are Harrison Ludington, I. Stephenson, F. Carney, A. C Mer- 
 riman, S. M. Stephenson, and Jesse Spalding. 
 
72 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 GILMORE MILL, 
 
 At the mouth of the Menominee, on the point between the river 
 and bay shore, was built in 1867, by Charles H. Spafford, of 
 Rockford, 111., and William Gilmore. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 OUR SOLDIERS. 
 
 It is proper before these sketches are closed to pay a tribute of 
 respect to our soldiers. The space allowed will not admit of 
 an account of the many brave acts performed by them in our 
 late war. Michigan received but little credit for the men who 
 went from this section, as Menominee county was not organized 
 at the breaking out of the rebellion, and our men rushed to oth- 
 er localities where they could volunteer. The greater number of 
 them joined Wisconsi.u regiments, yet, while other states receive 
 the glory of their heroic deeds, Michigan is proud of them. 
 Want of space compels me to merely mention the name and reg- 
 iment of those who went from or now live in Menominee county: 
 
 John Devine, Charles Ackerman, John Ackley, Lieut. Dean 
 Ring, iSthU. S. Reg. 
 
 Lieut. Octave Tetroit, Gilbert Moreau, John Chappee, John 
 Kittson, (killed in Sherman's March to the Sea,) 17th Wis. Vol. 
 
 Seargent George H. Kittson, Alfred Beach, Peter Durocha, 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. '] '}) 
 
 Joseph De Goto, Jerome De Goto, Frank Levine, Louis I.a 
 Plant, Wapenipinas (the Beaver), Louis Secor, Henry Levine, 
 Alexander Premo, Peousha Monetakakino, Odillon Benoit, Paul 
 Appetanacjuel, Michael Mulharon, Gustaff G. Miller, Go. G. 23d 
 Mich. Vol. 
 
 Seargt. Bartly Breen, Thomas Breen, (wounded at the battle of 
 Gumberland — lost one eye,] John N. Theriault, [three months 
 in Libby prison,] James Reo, Joseph Bart Shevelere, Seargent 
 Frederick Hackerman. John Farley, Patrick Grone, George Glark, 
 [in prison at Andersonville, and after being exchanged died in 
 hospital at Annapolis, Md.,] Frank Dousey, Michael Wall, Pat- 
 rick Ennis, Jerry Daily, Ganute Ganuteson, Thomas Gaynor, 
 William Enright, Nicholas Grosman rdied in Richmond prison], 
 John Davis, Michael Mclver, nth Wis. Bat. [at first a part of 
 the Mulligan Brigade, afterwards attached to the ist 111. Light 
 Artillery]. 
 
 James Newman (killed at Fort Hudson, La.-), Patrick Timlin, 
 Willard Ebbs, John Bebo, Octave Flasure (leg shot off at Fort 
 Hudson, La.)— Go. H. 4th Wis. Vol. 
 
 Samuel G. Hayward, William Martin, Jack McGlemans, Wm. 
 Hamilton, Sergt. John Avery, (at battle of Shiloh,the Gapt. and ist 
 Lieut, were scared and went to the rear at the commencement of 
 battle; the 2nd Lieut, was wounded, and he as Orderly Seargent 
 took command of the company which fought with grea«. bravery 
 through the day and captured one of the enemies batteries. It 
 is believed that he killed the rebel Gen. Johnson ; afterwards in 
 an attack on Petersburgh, while in another regiment, he lost an 
 arm and died from the wound in hospital) — Go. F. 14th, Wis. 
 Vol. 
 
 William Hooper, John Ham, 16 U. S.Reg.; John Mclvers, 
 U. S. Reg.; (regiment not known) Andrew J. Easton, James G. 
 Sherman, Lorenzo Richardson, Albert Lyons (lost an arm at 
 Atlanta and died in hospital) Michael Mellen, Edward Leake 
 (wounded and still carries a bullet in his head) Terrance Gassidy, 
 Archibald Goodlet, Daniel Nason, Daniel Bundy, Lieut. Harlan 
 P. Bird (wounded) Alexander McGollom (died in the service) 
 Louis Brown, George T. Pease (wounded at Atlanta) Louis 
 Ghai)pee, Alexander Loughery (horse Alleck) Alexander Patton, 
 —Go. F. 12, Wis. Vol. 
 
74 CENTENNIAL HIS'JORV. 
 
 Alexander Loughrey, Thomas Davy — io6 N. Y. Vol. 
 
 Richard Dousy — 4th Ky. Cavalry. 
 
 Frederick Brandizer (was in Andersonville prison) Ferdinand 
 Gable (killed at battle ot Mill Springs, Ky.) Timothy O'Leary, 
 Conrad Arnold — 21 111. Vol. (Grant's regiment.; 
 
 Goodlet Goodletson (regiment not known) John Westfaldt 
 (brought home more rebel lead than any other one soldier, one 
 bullet passed through the body besides receiving 16 other wounds 
 —Co. D. 3d Wis. Vol. 
 
 James Lyons — 3d Wis. cavalry (was present at the capture of 
 Jeff. Davis) 
 
 TOWN LIBRARY. 
 
 In 1872 the town of Menominee began to form a town library. 
 It now contains about 1200 volumes. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE GREAT WOODS FIRE. 
 
 Tlie summer of 187 1 was very dry — no rain fell after June un- 
 til in October. The streams were nearly dried up ; the swamps 
 were entirely dry, and where in the latter, water could usually be 
 found on the surface, it became necessary to dig many feet to find 
 it. Almost all the swamps were filled with peat. The ground in 
 the woods was covered many inches in depth with dead leaves, 
 and other decaying vegetable substance, which had become as 
 dry as tinder ; many fires had broken out which had not extend 
 over a great area of country, and as similar fires had been seen in 
 I864, no apprehensions were felt of any serious calamity. On 
 the evening of October 8th the fires started up afresh a few miles 
 north of Oconto, Wis. The wind from the southwest freshened 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 75 
 
 driving the fires in this direction and by dark had become a 
 tornado. The fires spread as the wind arose until they united 
 and had acquired a breadth of from ten to twelve miles, and raged 
 along through the woods, sweeping through the Peshtigo Sugar 
 Bushes, in which were forming settlements, and over the farms, 
 leaving only charred ruins and ashes, and dead bodies of human 
 beings and animals — reachnig the village of Peshtigo about eight 
 o'clock m the evening. By nine o'clock thatvillage was in ashes 
 and hundreds of men, women and children, who at dark of that 
 day were unconscious of danger and in the enjoyment of happy 
 life, were in eternity and nothing remained but their charred 
 bodies, crashes. By half-past nine the fire had reached the Me- 
 nominee river, above and below the village of Marinette ; fortu- 
 nately for that village, and the survivors having divided about 
 two miles before reaching it; on the east, it swept through the, 
 village of Menekaune, blotting it out of existence and crossed the 
 river at the mouth, burning the Gilinore mill on the Menominee 
 side. On the west it crossed the Menominee river above the 
 rapids sweeping along until it struck the bay shore about one 
 mile north of the village of iMenominee, burning a path ten miles 
 wide for about sixteen miles north of Menominee. It also cross- 
 ed the river at the mill of the Ludington, Wells & Van Schaick 
 Company and passed up the flat through the village. This flat 
 was then a swamp covered by grass with but kw buildings on it, 
 and with streets on each side. By almost superhuman efforts the 
 fire was prevented from spreading to tlie buildings on eitherside. 
 The ne.xt morning parties started out in various directions to 
 bring in the wounded and burned ; hospitals were established 
 and before night nearly all were brought in. The second day 
 parties went out to search for and bury the dead. The telegraph 
 line was destroyed so that word cjuhl not be sent to Green Bay 
 city, and the next day after the fire it was thought necessar) to 
 keep our steamboats to take away the people in case the fire 
 sh( uld revive and burn the villages of Menominee and Marinette. 
 The night of the 9th the steamers left and carried the fearful 
 news to Green Bay city, anil returned the next day freighted 
 with i)rovisions and necessaries for the burnt sufferers, which 
 were collectetl by the people there "n a few hours. From Green 
 Bay the telegraph quickly conveyed the sorrowfiil news in all di- 
 
76 CENTENNIAL HISTORY. 
 
 rections, and it was not long before food and clothing were com- 
 ing from all parts of the country. The fire in its course swept 
 over an area of over 40 miles in length by 10 in width, in about 
 four hours, and it is estimated that about 1200 persons perished 
 in it. The actual number burned to death in Menominee coun- 
 ty was 28, but many were burned and otherwise injured who 
 have since died. The space allowed me will not admit of my 
 mentioning the many acts of self-sacrificing generosity witness- 
 ed here. If a person loses his faith in our common brotherhood 
 of man, he need to be but once in the midst of such a calamity 
 
 to regain it. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 876. 
 >'. R. Hunt, Prest., JAM^s Fraser, Cashier. 
 
 MENOMINEE BANK, 
 
 MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Foreign and Domestic Exchange for sale at low rates. Collec- 
 tions made and prom[)tly remitted for on day of payment less 
 current rates of Exchange. 
 
 PASSAGE TICKETS FOR SALE 
 
 To and from all parts of Europe by first class Lines of Steamers, 
 Parties wishing to forward money to the old country, or who 
 may desire to bring out their friends, will find it to their ad- 
 vantage to purchase Drafts or Tickets at this Bank. 
 
 GREEN BAY LINE! 
 
 THE A I UPPER CABIN STEAMERS, 
 
 Menominee and Truesdell, 
 
 VvTLL FORM A SEMI-WEEKLY LLNE BETWEEN 
 
 CHICAGO AND MEI\OMINEE, 
 
 Every Tuesday and Friday F.venings, at 7:00 o'clock: Arrive 
 at iNlenominee every Thursday and Sunday. 
 
 For CHICAGO every Tuesday and Saturday morning. 
 
 Fare from Chicago to Menominee and other Green Bav ports. 
 
 Meals and Births included, $6.00. Through rates very much 
 
 less than by Railroad to Green Bay. 
 
 For information relative to freight or passage, apply to, 
 
 J C. SHERMAN, Agent, A. E. GOODEICH, Prest, 
 
 Menominee. Chicago. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 The Working Man's Store, The Hotel Keeper's Store, 
 
 The Contractor's Store, The Teamsters' Store. 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S STOEE ! 
 
 H. P. BIRD, 
 
 — Dealer in — 
 
 ^^^\"> V^v,v,'.o..>V,\vvV \' 
 
 WXM. 
 
 .Y.A\ A^\ V^WW' \ ■:.■,■.■■.■. ,\\' \\A\\\N 
 
 AND PROVISIONS, 
 
 HAY, GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED, 
 
 —AND ALL KINDS OF— 
 
 FARM PRODUCE, 
 
 Cedar Posts, Shingles, Brick, Wood, 
 FRESH AND SALT 
 
 I^AKH HBHs 
 
 Our motto is to "Give the Most Good Goods for the 
 Least Money,' and 
 
 WE ARE NEVER UNDERSOLD, 
 
 With large stock, and by fair dealing we have sold over $100,- 
 000 in merchandise EACH YEAR, and hope to do better this 
 Centennial Year. 
 
 Cor. Ludington and Main Sts, Menominee, Mich. 
 
BUSINES.^' FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 8 76. 
 
 
 ii^'W 0\ 
 
 \\V\;.\\\\\v \\\\\v\A\\v ^Tv^ 
 
 Wm^ 
 
 ear? 
 
 a^ma^iESi: 
 
 mm:mM)M^,. 
 
 Bim 
 
 ^^^-^s^m^jm^ 
 
 All work done in first-class style. 
 Shop in Menominee House, Menominee, Mich. 
 
 J. D. CRAWFORD, 
 
 mil 
 
 m 
 
 ^^^ ^^55^!' V^^N^M ^^^^^ \^w!^\!?^^p'^ ™ 
 
 Office — Parmenter's Block, 
 Main street, - - - Menominee Mich. 
 
 ARTHUR ALLARD, 
 
 -DEALER IN — 
 
 i#i 
 
 PiSl 
 
 DHft 
 
 f 
 
 Fine Custom Work a Specialty 
 
 LUDINGTON STREET, 
 
 MENOMINEE. MICK. 
 
 PHILIP LOWKNSTEIN, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 Wines and Liquors, 
 
 Choice Brands of Cigars. 
 
 Menominee, 
 
 Michitran. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 876. 
 
 A. A. Carpenter, Prest. 
 
 S, M. Stephenson, Vice-Prest- 
 
 The Kirby-Carpenter Co., 
 
 -Manufacturers of- 
 
 GREEN BAY 
 
 Gang-Sav/ed 
 
 ^Tgll^ 
 
 ^^W ^A^^^' ^^^W^^^^'' W\\\\ \ «\\\ s A-^ \\\\\\\\\\\\^\\^ \\\\\v\\A'.^\^v\\\'- 
 
 Sawing Capacity, 50,000,000 feet. 
 
 Lumber Yard, Cor. 2 2d & Loomis Streets, 
 
 CHICAGO, 
 
 ILL. 
 
 ALSO WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 S\v \\\\\\\\AV\\\\\\\^ \\\\\\\\\\\0 
 
 ^ mmm. 
 
 Groceries, Hardware, Tinware, 
 GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, 
 
 Boots ani Shoes, Yankee Motions, ^c. ^c. 
 
 BUILDING MATERIAL. 
 
 The most Extensive Establishment; the Largest and best assort- 
 ed stock of Goods on the Bay Shore. 
 
 Menominee, 
 
 Mich, 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 876. 
 
 E. S. INGAIXS, W. A. FRANKLIN. 
 
 INGALLS & FRANKLIN, 
 
 ATTORNEYS AT LAW. 
 
 MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Office on Main Street, near Ogden Avenue. 
 
 
 •Attorney at Lavv^, 
 
 MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN, 
 
 Office in Brown's Block, cor. Main and Quimby streets. 
 
 T\^RICEy 
 ATTORNEY AT LAW, 
 
 Also Proliale Jiidp M U. S. Coinmlsslouer. 
 
 Office in Post Office Blocic, Main st. Menominee, Mich. 
 
 JOSEPH FLESHIEM, 
 
 Countj Clerk and EoglstQi of DeedSj 
 
 Office in Court House, Menominee, Midi. 
 
 AESTEACTS OF TITLE FUHNISHED ON APPLICATION, 
 TAXE.S PAID FOR NON-RESIDENTS. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 « 
 
 DAVID BARCLAY, 
 
 — Proprietor of — 
 
 City Livery & Boarding Stable 
 
 Office and Stable on Quimby Street, near Kirby House. 
 Menominee, - - - . - Mich, 
 
 HARTER & DILLON, 
 
 Manufacturers of and Dealers in 
 
 OIF- JLXjXj iCIHisriDS- 
 
 f 
 
 Custom Work a specialty. Repairing neatly Executed. 
 MENOMINEE, . . . . MICHIGAN. 
 
 HIGHEST MARKET PRICE PAID FOR FORS AND BUCKSKIN. 
 
 
 DEALER IN- 
 
 Foreign & Domestic Fruits, 
 
 CONFECTIONERY, 
 Vegetables, Groceries, 8c Provasions. 
 
 Menominee, - . . . . Michigan. 
 
 LEISEN & HENES, 
 
 Manf'rs of and Dealers in 
 
 LAGER BEER 
 
 SODA WATER, ROOT BEER, GINCxER ALE, &c. 
 Brewery and office on Main Street. Menominee Mich. 
 
 Illl 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 876. 
 
 Wm. somerville, 
 
 AND ACTING AGENT 
 
 For the old and reliable Cunard Royal Mail Steamship Line. 
 
 « 
 
 JOHN J. FARRIER, 
 
 -DEALER IN — 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES, 
 
 BUYS FURS AND BUCKSKIN. 
 Menominee, - - - Mich. 
 
 ~ WM. L E H M A N '^ 
 
 MENOMINEE 
 
 Wagon and Blacksmitli Shop, 
 
 I'HE F[RST SHOP ON THE RIVER. 
 
 Is prL-])ar(l to build Carriages, Buggies, Buckboards and Wag- 
 ons in the best manner, and at reasonable rates. 
 
 A. B. STRYKER, 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 -■^UM^X^ 
 
 
 And wholesale and retail dealer in 
 CHEWING AND SMOKING TOBACCO. PIPES, &c. 
 
 Parmcnter Hlnck, Main st., Menominee, Mich. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 876. 
 
 IlMnisiiii Liiilington, Pros , Jlilwniikoo. A. Van Scliaick, Sec. and Treas. at riiiciign. 
 
 Daniel Wells, Vice Pros., Jlihvaukoe, 11. Stephenson, Snperintentlent, Menominee. 
 
 The Liidington, Wells & Van Schaick Co. 
 
 Manufacturers of and Dealers in 
 
 LUMBER. 
 
 Mills in Menominee, Yards in Chicago. 
 
 CUT IN 1876 30,000,000 FEET. 
 
 General Merchandise, 
 
 Having enjoyed the rei)iitatiori of being 
 
 The Cheapest Store on the River, 
 
 for some time past, it has become so natural to us that we ])ro- 
 pose to hold it until the next Centennial at least. 
 
 "SMALL PROFITS AND QUICK SALES." 
 
 IS OTJE, DVCOTTO. 
 Menominee, - . . . Michigan. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 J. N. THERIAULT'S 
 
 Grocery | Provision 
 
 We have Just received and have constantly on hand a full and 
 complete assortment of 
 
 IBSOHBIH 
 
 CAREFULLY SELECTED. 
 
 Butter, Flour, Sugar, Tea, &c. 
 DRIED A, CANNED FRUITS, 
 
 CANDIES AND NUTS, 
 Choice Cigars and Tobacco, 
 
 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 
 
 in their season, which we will sell at 
 
 THE LOWEST MARKET RATES. 
 Menominee, - . - Mich, 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 BUY YOUR DRY GOODS 
 
 OF 
 
 We are offering a choice and complete assortment 
 in Staple and Fancy 
 
 
 HOSIERY & NOTIONS, 
 
 at prices that will be found as low as elsewhere. 
 
 White uoo^s, Clullts, Napkins, Tabb Linsn, Towsls, Embroid- 
 eries, Ties, Euchings, Collars, Cuffs, &c. 
 
 Parmenter Block, Main st., Menominee, Mich. 
 
 JACOB MUTH, 
 
 Watchmaker and Jeweler, 
 
 — Dealer in — 
 
 WATCHES, CLOCKS, FINE JEWELRY, 
 
 Menominee, - - . Michigan. 
 
 JACOB MUTH'S 
 
 GERMAN BANK, 
 
 Drafts Cashed at Reasonable rates. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 8 76. 
 
 H. E. EVANS, 
 
 ■^ju—irf 
 
 Sign of the ^^fcBig Mortar, 
 
 Drugs & Medicines, 
 
 WALL PAPER, 
 
 BEST GOODS AT LOWEST PRICES, 
 Main street, - - - Menominee Mich. 
 
 B. T. PHILLIPS, M. D., 
 
 Physician | Surgeon, 
 
 Office — Parmenter's Block, 
 
 MENOMINEE, - • - . . MICHIGAN, 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTV IN I 8 76. 
 
 MELLEN SMITH, 
 
 -Manufacturer of — 
 
 -AND- 
 
 SHINGLES, 
 
 Mill on R. R. Track north of Menominee, 
 
 ORDERS SOLICITED 
 
 from all parts of the country, and 
 
 ^©^Ptly 
 
 ©€, 
 
 At current n-.arket rates. 
 
 Address: MELLEN SMITH, 
 
 Menominee, 
 
 Mich. 
 
BUSINESS-' FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 8 76. 
 
 JOHN ALLISON & BRO. 
 
 — have opened a — 
 
 Opi)Osite Kirby liouse, .Main Street. 
 
 Whiskers Dyed Brown or Black. 
 Menominee, - - - . - Mich' 
 
 JOSEPH WANEK'S 
 
 HARNESS SHOP, 
 
 Keeps on hand a full stock of 
 
 WHIPS, SADDLES, BLANKETS, &c. 
 Menominee, - - - Mich. 
 
 >(< ** %^v,^^ ^*-' *^ —J *-r. *^^ 
 TrudrP s Block, Menomi?iee, Mich. 
 
 Fashionable Furniture, Frames, &c., 
 
 Upliolstering and Undertaking promptly attended to. 
 
 Menominee Livery Stable, 
 
 |. RUPRECHT, Proprietor. 
 
 The stable, on Ludington street, is well stocked with 
 
 HORSES AND CARRIAGES 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 8 76. 
 
 G. W. BAUDER'S 
 
 ri^.'N^ 
 
 b=r^^^T^ 
 
 
 I^AI^T^OI^H, 
 
 Parmenter Block, Main st., 
 
 Menominee, Mich. 
 
 L. DOBEAS & CO., 
 
 DEALERS IN- 
 
 BUTTER, EGGS, PROVISIONS, &c.. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Block, - - Menominee, Mich. 
 
 CHARLES PARENT, 
 
 , DEALER IN — 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 
 
 DRY GOODS, CLO'i HING, HATS, &c., 
 
 BUCKSKIN AND FURS BOU&HT AND SOLD. 
 
 MENOMINEE, .... MICHIGAN, 
 
 HENRY NASON, 
 
 Office in Town Hall^ 
 
 Menominee, 
 
 Michigan. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 A. B Mkekek, Prest., CIucjiko. W. L. Buown, Treas., Chicago, 
 
 M. R. Hint, Ca<h"r, De Fere. C. Spuong, Supt. Menominee. 
 
 Menominee Iron Company, 
 
 PRODUCERS OF 
 
 Lake Superior 
 
 CHARCOAL PIG IRON, 
 
 Sales Office, 93 Dearborn St., 
 
 Chicago, - - III. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1 8 76. 
 
 New Meat Market, 
 
 C. RAMME, Proprietor. 
 
 Main St., Opposite Kirby House, - Menominee, Mich. 
 
 Fresh and Salt Meats, Hams, 
 
 Flour Butter, Eggs, and Vegetables in their season. 
 
 HENRY AMMERMANN, 
 
 ©ip®liiimi T®ll#p 
 
 — and dealer in— 
 
 PIECE GOO DS, 
 
 Main street, 
 
 Menominee Mich, 
 
 GEORGE HORVATH, 
 
 SPIES' BRICK BLOCK, 
 
 Kt'i ps a full ^tock cf 
 
 \v^\\A\\\w:^ \\\\s\\\v\' 
 
 .WW WKV 
 
 CLOTHING, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, <S;c. 
 Menominee, - - . Michigan. 
 
 A. PAALZOW'S 
 
 STSP™ 
 
 — Dealer in — 
 
 Medicines, Perfumeries, Glass, etc. 
 
 PHYSICIAN'S PRESCRIPTIONS CAEEFULLY COMPOUIsDED 
 
 Menominee, 
 
 Michigan. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN I 876. 
 
 The Menominee Herald, 
 
 J. A. CROZER, Editor. 
 
 The OflS.cial Paper of Menominee, County, 
 
 — AND THE — 
 
 OLDEST. LARGEST. AND BEST PATRONIZED PAPER 
 
 IN THIS SECTION OF COUNTRY, 
 
 REPUBLICAN IN POLITICS. 
 
 Subscription Price, - - $2.00 per Year. 
 
 W.J. PENBERTHY, 
 
 — l';op:ii.tui of the — 
 
 -AND— 
 
 STATIONERY DEPOT, 
 
 > 
 
 Chicago & New York Dailies. 
 
 Post Office Block, .Main Street. - - Menominee, Mich. 
 
BUSINESS FIRMS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY IN 1876. 
 
 L. E. HILDRETH, 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 OSTJEAITCE AGEITT. 
 
 ^lain Street, Menominee, Michigan. 
 
 Assets Represented, $130,000,000.00, 
 
 Continental of New York. Assets, - - t 
 
 British American of Canada. Assets, 
 
 Niagara, of New York. Assets, 
 
 North British and Mercantile, London. xA.ssets, 
 
 Atlas, of Hartford. Assets, 
 
 Phenix, of New York, Assets, 
 
 Shawmut of Boston. Assets, - - - 
 
 Bangor, of Bangor, Me. Assets, 
 
 German American, of New York. Assets, - 
 
 Traders, of Chicago. Assets, 
 
 Rhode Island Fire Assoa'n. of Providence. Assets. 
 
 Hartford Accident Insurance Co. Assets, 
 
 New York Mutual Life. Assets, 
 
 Also do a general 
 
 LAND OFFICE BUSINESS, 
 
 MAPS, FIELD NOTES, H. R. and STATE ROAD SURVEYS. 
 
 HO.MESTEADPAPERS MADE OUT 
 
 for Oconto County. Wis., aipd.-JMencmiiB^e County Mich. 
 
 H 
 
 : 3,000,000 00 
 
 900,000 00 
 
 1,600,000 00 
 
 30,000.000 00 
 
 550,000 00 
 
 2,600,000 00 
 
 500,000 00 
 
 2,017 000 00 
 
 850,000 00 
 
 1.600.000 00 
 
 218,000 00 
 
 78,000,090 00 
 
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