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HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 BEING 
 
 A NEW AND PRACTICAL SYSTEM OF TEACHING 
 AND EDUCATING THE HORSE. 
 
 BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH FORTY-FOUR ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 WHIP-TRAINING, 
 
 OR, HOW TO DRIVE WITHOUT REINS ; HOW 
 TO MAKE A HORSE TROT HONEST, &c. 
 
 By ROBERT JENNINGS, 
 
 ▼ETEBINART SURGEON; PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AND SURGERY IN THH 
 
 VETERINARY COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA: LECTURER ON VETERINARY 
 
 MEDICINE IN THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, PA. ; AUTHOR OF 
 
 " THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES," " CATTLE AND THEIR 
 
 DISEASES," " SHEEP, SWINE, AND POULTRY," 
 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 TO WHICH IS APPENDED, 
 
 AN ESSAY ON SHOEING; 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 THE SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF THE VARIOUS 
 
 DISEASES OF THE HORSE, EMBRACING A FULL 
 
 AND COMPLETE HISTORY OF GLANDERS. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 JOHlSr E. POTTER AKD COMPAKY, 
 
 NOS. 614 AND 617 SANSOM STREET. 
 

 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 
 
 ROBERT JENNINGS, V. S. 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for 
 the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The art of training horses has, until within the last few 
 years, been attended with much cruelty and bad manage- 
 ment. The system known as Rarey's, though practised 
 in this country for many years, was made popular by Mr. 
 J. S. Rarey, to whom we willingly accord all the credit 
 which is justly due him. His success has given a new 
 impulse to the inventive minds of horsemen; and, like 
 almost all other discoveries, the original is lost sight of in 
 the improvements which follow it. The Rarey system ia 
 one purely of subjugation and exhaustion; the spirit of the 
 animal is thus often broken. On the contrary, our new 
 system is one of education, embracing the practical portions 
 of all the various systems known to man, from that of Sul- 
 livan the Irish whisperer, down to the more modern systems 
 of the present day. The animal is first taught what is 
 required of him, and, as soon as he is made to understand, 
 he becomes a willing subject. To attempt to force him to 
 do that which he does not comprehend, is to excite him 
 to resistance, a circumstance always to be avoided; hence 
 the many baulky, kicking, and otherwise unruly horses. 
 
 The Rarey system requires a man of nerve and deter- 
 mination to handle a horse successfully, which requisites 
 few men possess. Ours enables a boy fifteen or sixteen 
 years of age to handle, and break to harness, the wildest 
 animal. Strength and courage are not essential ; but 
 patience, perseverance, and kindness are required. The 
 man who is void of patience cannot control and win the 
 confidence of his horse. 
 
 There is no other system known to man by which a horse 
 can be trained to drive without bridle, bit, or reins, guided 
 simply by motions of the whip. This principle is so simple, 
 that any intelligent person can practise it successfully on 
 any intelligent horse. To make a horse trot honest is also 
 part of our system, it being original with us. We have 
 1* (5) 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 never known it fail. In March, 1865, I presented thia 
 subject to the consideration of the Philadelphia Society 
 for Promoting Agriculture, and to the Philadelphia Riding 
 Club, both of which institutions highly indorse it. Within 
 the last year it has been greatly modified and improved, 
 rendering it the most complete and practical system ever 
 presented to the public. 
 
 To Messrs. Magner & Dudley, and to Messrs. Rockwell 
 & Hurlburt, we acknowledge our indebtedness for valuable 
 suggestions voluntarily offered us ; also to Mr. J. E. Potter, 
 Publisher, for the use of seven of our illustrations from 
 the author's work, "The Horse and his Diseases." 
 
 The subject of shoeing horses, being one of great import- 
 ance to horse-ownqrs generally, has been duly considered. 
 Twenty years' active practice as a veterinary surgeon, has 
 enabled us to detect many errors in the present system 
 of shoeing, and to suggest improvements which have 
 proved of great service in remedying, in a measure, the 
 evils of the present mode of shoeing. The bad effects of 
 careless shoeing are fully demonstrated. We ask of the 
 smith a fair and candid trial of our principle, and we will 
 abide the issue. 
 
 The want of veterinary surgeons in most sections of the 
 United States, and the urgent desire of many friends, has 
 induced us to add to this work plain and simple directions 
 for the treatment of the various diseases of that noble 
 animal, including a full and complete history of that ter- 
 rible and loathsome disease. Glanders; proving its con- 
 tagious character and ready communication from horse to 
 horse, and from horse to man. Under present circumstances, 
 man cannot become too familiar with this dreadful disease. 
 
 This pamphlet was published by the author, and dis- 
 tributed gratuitously by the Philadelphia Agricultural 
 Society, Pa., and the Burlington County Agricultural So- 
 ciety, N. J. The demand being several thousands more 
 than the supply, is our motive in republishing it entire ; all 
 who wish it will now have an opportunity of obtaining it. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAas 
 
 Flints on Training Horses, 13 
 
 The Hope Halter 20 
 
 The Cord, 21 
 
 The Line Webbing, 23 
 
 Habits of the Horse, 24 
 
 Kicking in the Stable, » 24 
 
 Kicking against the side of the Stall, 25 
 
 Kicking while Harnessing, 26 
 
 Kicking while Grooming, 27 
 
 Kicking in Single Harness, 27 
 
 Kicking in Double Harness, 29 
 
 Kicking while Shoeing, 30 
 
 Ugly to Shoe Front, 32 
 
 Striking, 33 
 
 Baulking, 34 
 
 Shying, 35 
 
 Weaving, 37 
 
 Cribbing, 38 
 
 Biting Horses, 39 
 
 Running Away 41 
 
 Ugly to Bridle, 49 
 
 Lolling the Tongue, 50 
 
 Hugging the Pole, 51 
 
 To make a Horse trot honest, 52 
 
 Halter Pulling, 54 
 
 Objects of Fear, 56 
 
 Haltering the Colt, 62 
 
 Hitching the Colt, 64 
 
 Training Colts to Harness, 66 
 
 Whoa, 67 
 
 Learning to Back, 68 
 
 Hitching to the Wagon, 70 
 
 Bitting the Colt, 71 
 
 To add Style, 73 
 
 Mounting the Colt, 74 
 
 Hiding the Colt, 74 
 
 Whip Training, 75 
 
 The Short Strap, '. 78 
 
 The Long Strap 80 
 
 To teach a Colt to follow you, 80 
 
 To teach a Colt to lie down, 80 
 
 To toach a Colt to sit up, 85 
 
 To make <aBow, ». 85 
 
 To answer Questions, 86 
 
 To Kiss you, 86 
 
 To shake Hands, , 87 
 
 (7) 
 
8 INDEX. 
 
 PAOS 
 
 To Kick with the right or left Foot, 87 
 
 Learning to Waltz, 88 
 
 Hints upon Shoeing, 91 
 
 Preparing the Foot, .' 95 
 
 Application of the Shoe, 96 
 
 Clips, 97 
 
 Interfering, 97 
 
 Overreaching, 98 
 
 Shoeing Horses with Corns, 99 
 
 Stopping the Feet, 100 
 
 Things worth knowing, 100 
 
 Diseases of the Horse — 
 
 Inflammation, Sthenic and Asthenic Inflammation, 104 
 
 Terminations of Inflammation, 105 
 
 Lampas; Bags or Washers, 106 
 
 Sore Mouth; Ulcers in the Mouth, 107 
 
 Wolf Teeth, 108 
 
 Irregiilar Teeth ; Caries of the Teeth, 109 
 
 Diseases of the Eye; Amaurosis, or Glass Eye, 110 
 
 Inflammation of the Haw; Simple Ophthalmia, Ill 
 
 Specilic Oi^hthalmia; Cataract; Distemper, 112 
 
 Sore Throat; Strangles, 113 
 
 Influenza, 114 
 
 Bronchitis ; Nasal Gleet, 115 
 
 Pleurisy, 116 
 
 Inflammation of the Lungs ; Congestive Pneumonia, 117 
 
 Ilydrothorax ; Heaves, or Broken Wincl, 118 
 
 Palpitation of the Heart; Inflammation of the Brain, 119 
 
 Stomach Staggers; Inflammation of the Bowels, 120 
 
 Colic, 121 
 
 Diarrhoea; Worms, 122 
 
 Retention of Urine, 123 
 
 Profuse Staling, 124 
 
 Bloody Urine; Calculi, or Stone in the Bladder, 125 
 
 Hide Bound; Mange; Surfeit, 126 
 
 Poll Evil, 127 
 
 Fistula of Withers ; Water Farcy; Locked Jaw, 128 
 
 Kheumatism ; Cramp, 130 
 
 Founder, 131 
 
 Pumiced Feet; Navicular Joint Lameness, 132 
 
 Ossification of the Lateral Cartilages, 133 
 
 Quitar; Thrush, 134 
 
 Scratches; Grease Heels, 135 
 
 Bone Spavin ; Blood Spavin 136 
 
 Ringbone; Splint; Curb; Capped Hock, 137 
 
 Shoulder Strain; Galls, 138 
 
 Warts, 139 
 
 Castrating Colts, 139 
 
 Essay on Glanders, 141 
 
 Valuable Receipts, 181 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. 
 
 Dr Kobert Jennings was born in the city 
 of Philadelphia, on the 28th day of December, 
 1824, of English parents. As soon as he was 
 able to comprehend anything, his love and admi- 
 ration for the noblest of all the animal creation 
 (excepting man himself), the horse, was the subject 
 of general remark by his friends. Ashe grew 
 in years, this passion became almost a mania. In 
 the year 1832 his parents removed from Phila- 
 delphia to Mount Holly, where he had frequent 
 opportunities of gratifying his passion. His daily 
 haunts were the stables of the village. Young 
 and sprightly animals were the chief objects of 
 his attraction. In the year 1836 his father died. 
 By this event he was thrown upon the world to 
 seek his own living. Having obtained a situation 
 for him as errand boy in a store, his mother sent 
 him to the city; this did not suit his inclinations, 
 and he soon changed his occupation, engaging in 
 a printing office; the business still not suiting 
 his tastes, he tried the confectionery business ; 
 still not satisfied, his uncle, Frederick Jennings, 
 took him to his country seat, where he remained 
 
 (9) 
 
10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. *" 
 
 until tlie following fall, when his uncle put him 
 out to learn the coppersmithing business. Dissatis- 
 fied with this also, he turned his attention to the 
 surgical instrument case making business, at 
 which he remained until the spring of 1842. 
 Becoming dissatisfied he went to New York, where 
 he found employment for a time about the Bull's 
 Head, riding and handling horses. In 1844 he 
 took a trip with a drover to purchase horses, 
 returning to New York the following spring. In 
 the summer of 1845 he returned to the city of 
 Philadelphia. He now turned his attention to the 
 study of medicine, entering the office of Dr. James 
 Bryan, late Prof, in the Geneva Medical College, 
 N. Y., afterwards Prof, of Surgery in the Phila- 
 delphia Medical College. Soon after commencing 
 his medical studies, his attention was called to a 
 horse suflTering from an attack of colic. Ofibring 
 his services to treat it, which were accepted, the 
 animal soon recovered under his fostering care. 
 His preceptor soon discovered in his student, his 
 fondness for the horse. Being naturally fond of 
 that noble animal himself, frequent conversations 
 occurred between the professor and his student res- 
 pecting the diseases and suffering of this faithful, 
 non-complaining servant of man. His thoughts 
 now began to turn in a new channel, and, prompted 
 by his preceptor, he applied himself to the study 
 of veterinary medicine and surgery in connection 
 with his other studies. There being no Veteri- 
 nary Colleges in the United States, and not having 
 the pecuniary means necessary for a voyage to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 11 
 
 Europe, in order to gain a thorough veterinary 
 education, his task was commenced with many 
 diflQculties surrounding him, which many less 
 sanguine would have failed to combat. In 1852 
 Prof. Jas. Bryan, Gen. George Cadwalader, Prof. 
 Wm. Gibson, M.D., John Phillips, M. D.,Alfred 
 L. Elwyn, M. D., Hon. Frederick Watts, Gen. 
 George M. Keim, James Gowan, Esq., Hon. Geo. 
 W. Woodward, Sketchley Morton, Esq, Alonzo 
 Potter, J). D., and L. L. Ward, Esq., obtained a 
 charter from the Pennsylvania State Legislature 
 for a veterinary college, to be located in the city 
 of Philadelphia. Robert Jennings having been 
 the recipient of an honorary diploma from the 
 board of directors, was placed at the head of the 
 new institution. Not meeting with the encourage- 
 ment which the enterprise deserved, the college 
 project for the time was abandoned. Dr. R. J, 
 removed from Philadelphia to Cleveland, in the 
 spring of 1855, to fill the veterinary department 
 in the Agricultural College of Ohio, situated at 
 Cleveland Heights, Ohio City, under the charge 
 of Prof. Norton S. Townsend, M. D. For three 
 years he was ardently devoted to the interests of 
 the college, without any pecuniary remuneration. 
 The college failing to receive sufficient support 
 from the farmers of the state, applied to the 
 Legislature for an annual appropriation, which 
 not being granted, the operations of the Institution 
 were suspended. In the winter of 1858 Dr. R. 
 Jennings returned to Philadelphia, and with the 
 assistance of the Philadelphia Society for promo- 
 
12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 
 
 ting Agriculture, and tliat of his friend Geo. W. 
 Bowler, V. S. of Cincinnati, Ohio, commenced the 
 first session of the Veterinary College of Phila- 
 delphia, with two students, Mr. W. A. Wisdom, 
 of Delaware, and Jacob Dilts, of New Jersey. 
 In 1860 he gave his first work to the world, 
 *' The Horse and his Diseases," which was very 
 favourably received by the public. Soon after 
 this book appeared, he was ofi'ered the position 
 as lecturer on veterinary medicine and surgery 
 in the Agricultural College, Centre county, Penn- 
 sylvania, which position he holds at the present 
 time. In 1862 his second work was published, 
 " Cattle and their Diseases," which also met a 
 favourable reception at the hands of the public. 
 In 1863 his third work on '^ Sheep, Swine, and, 
 Poultry," made its appearance, meeting also with 
 a favourable reception. During his professional 
 career he has studied closely the disposition of the 
 horse, finding it as variable as are those of man ; 
 and how to manage them successfully and easily 
 has been his main object. A remarkable trait 
 in his character, is his quick temper when dealing 
 with men, and the complete control of that passion 
 when handling horses, never having been known 
 to become excited or angry with a horse under 
 any circumstances. 
 
flOKSE-TEAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 HINTS ON TRAINING HORSES. 
 
 The form, proportions, muscular powers, and 
 swiftaess of the horse, combined with its spirit, 
 docility, and intelligence, expressly fit it for the 
 use of man. It is alike serviceable for draft and 
 the saddle. From its primeval nursery it has 
 radiaied in all directions ; it has accompanied 
 man in his wanderings over the world. To the 
 industrious inhabitant of the thronged city, to 
 the agriculturist, to the sportsman who follows 
 the chase for pleasure, and to him who scours 
 the plains in quest of prey, a " mighty hunter 
 before the Lord," this noble, beautiful, but too 
 often ill-treated creature, is either important or 
 essential. It performs the drudgery of toilsome 
 servitude ; it draws the peaceful plough, and 
 dashes on in battle amidst withering volleys of 
 musketry and the clash of gleaming swords. Man 
 owes a deep debt of gratitude to the horse, and is 
 bound to acknowledge his sense of its value by 
 humanity and kindness. In its natural state, 
 the horse is gregarious ; and in domestication it 
 exhibits the same propensity to associate with its 
 fellows. In the field they herd together, form 
 2 (13) 
 
14 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 friendships, ejambol with each other, and rush to 
 the fence to see a strange horse in the road, 
 saluting him with repeated neighings. So de- 
 cided is the disposition of the horse to contract 
 friendship, that, when others of its species are 
 not accessible, it will attach itself to animals of a 
 different species. Many instances of mutual 
 attachment between dogs and horses have been 
 recorded. English Eclipse contracted a strong 
 friendship with a sheep. When kindly used, the 
 horse will demonstrate towards his master every 
 mark of submissive attachment. There are, it is 
 true, horses of a sullen, obstinate temper, which 
 the kindest treatment will not conciliate; but 
 these are exceptions to the general rule ; many 
 horses, we may add, have their temper spoiled 
 by injudicious or wanton severity, in which case 
 it requires patience and perseverance to reclaim 
 them; but almost universally, where kindness 
 is shown to the horse, his attachment will be 
 secured. 
 
 In the tents of the Arabian, the mares with 
 their foals, and the masters with their families, 
 dwell all together ; the master caresses his favor- 
 ite mare, the children and the foal play together, 
 and the utmost confidence exists between them. 
 The quiet peaceful companionship of horses with 
 each other does not obtain among the stallions. 
 In a wild state, they have furious contests; and 
 in a domestic state, stallions, if at liberty, will 
 fight desperately with each other. Twenty years' 
 experience in active practice has afforded the 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 15 
 
 author very many opportunities of studying the 
 disposition of the horse, and how to manage it to 
 the best advantage has been his special study. 
 That the horse possesses more intelligence than 
 has been accredited to him is very ev ident from his 
 readiness to learn, when properly instructed. The 
 feats he is taught to perform in the " spectacles" 
 of the modern circus fully prove this. Knowledge 
 of time, and memory, are certainly possessed by 
 the horse, as a thousand instances will convince. 
 A horse accustomed to commence or leave off 
 work at a certain hour of the day, well knows 
 the respective periods. Well does the farmer's 
 team know the hour of release from labor, as is 
 shown by their actions when hearing the horn for 
 dinner. Taken to a distance from home, the 
 horse will return, finding his way during the 
 darkest night. The following, taken from an old 
 number of the London Penny Magazine, illus- 
 trates the love of the horse fur its " old home :" — 
 " A short distance below Fort Erie, and about 
 a mile from where the river Niagara escapes over 
 a barrier of rocks from the depths of Lake Erie, 
 a ferry has long been established across the broad 
 and, there, exceedingly rapid river, the distance 
 from shore to shore being a little over one-third 
 of a mile. On the Canada side of the river is 
 the small village of Waterloo, and opposite 
 thereto, on the United States side, is the large 
 village of Black Rock, distant from the young and 
 flourishing city of Buffalo two miles. In com- 
 pleting the Erie Canal, a pier or dam was erected 
 
16 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 up and down the river and opposite to Black Hock, 
 at no great distance from the shore, for the pur- 
 pose of raising the waters of the Niagara to such 
 a height that they might be made to supply an 
 adjoining section of the Erie Canal. This pier 
 was and is a great obstruction to the ferry-boats ; 
 for, previous to its erection, passengers embarked 
 from terra firma on one side of the river and 
 were landed without any difficulty on the other; 
 but after this dam was constructed it became 
 necessary to employ two sets of boats, one to 
 navigate the river, the other the basin, so that all 
 the passengers, as well as goods and luggage, had 
 to be landed upon this narrow wall and reshipped. 
 Shortly after the erection of the pier-dam, a boat 
 propelled by horses was established between thia 
 pier and the Canada shore. The boat belonged 
 to persons connected with the ferry on the Ameri- 
 can side of the river; but, owing to the barrier 
 formed by the pier, the horses employed on the 
 boat were stabled at night in the village of Water- 
 loo. I well recollect the first day this boat began 
 to ply ; for the introduction of a boat of that 
 description in those days, was considered an event 
 of some magnitude. The two horses (for the 
 boat had but two) worked admirably, considering 
 the very few lessons they had had previous to 
 their introduction upon the main river. One of 
 the horses employed on the new ferry-boat had 
 once been a dapple gray, but at the period I am 
 speaking of he had become white. He was still 
 hale and hearty, for he had a kind and indulgent 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 17 
 
 master. The first evening after tlie horses had 
 been a short time in the stable, to which they 
 were strangers, they were brought for the purpose 
 of being watered at the river, the common cus- 
 tom of the pUice. The attendant was mounted 
 upon the bay horse, the white one was known 
 to be so gentle and docile that he was allowed to 
 drink where he pleased. I happened to be stand- 
 ing close by, in company with my friend W n, 
 
 the ferry contractor, on the Canada side, and had 
 thus an opportunity of witnessing the whole pro- 
 ceeding of old Grizzle, the name that the white 
 horse still went by. The moment he got round 
 the corner of the building, so as to have a view 
 of his home on the opposite side of the river, he 
 stopped and gazed intently. He then advanced 
 to the brink of the river, then again stopped and 
 looked earnestly across for a short time, then 
 waded into the river until the water reached his 
 chest, drank a little, lifted his head, and, with 
 his lips closed and his eyes fixed upon some 
 object on the farther shore, remained for a short 
 time perfectly motionless. Apparently having 
 made up his mind to the task, he waded further 
 into the river until the water reached his ribs, 
 when off he shot into the deep water without 
 hesitation. The current being so strong and 
 rapid, the river boiling and turmoiling over a 
 rocky bed, at the rate of six miles an hour, it 
 was impossible for the courageous animal to keep 
 a direct course across, although he breasted the 
 waves heroically and swam with remarkable vigor. 
 2* B 
 
18 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY". 
 
 Had he been able to steer bis way directly across, 
 the pier-wall would have proved an insurmount- 
 able barrier. As it was, the current forced him 
 down below where the lower extremity of this 
 long pier abuts upon an island, the shore of 
 which being low and shelving, he was enabled 
 to eflPect a landing with comparative ease. Hav- 
 ing gained terra Jirma^ he shook the water from 
 his dripping flanks, when he plunged into the 
 basin and soon regained his native shore. At 
 the commencement of his voyage, his arched 
 neck and withers were above the surface, but 
 before he reached the island his head only was 
 visible. He reached his own stable-door — that 
 home for which he risked so much — to the no 
 small astonishment of his owner. This un- 
 expected visit made a favorable impression on 
 his master, for he was heard to make a vow that 
 if old Grizzle performed the feat a second time, 
 for the future he should remain on his own 
 side of the river, and never be sent to the mill 
 again. Grizzle was sent back to work the boat 
 the following day, but he embraced the first 
 opportunity that occurred of escaping, and swam 
 back the way he had done before. His owner, 
 not being a person to break the promise he once 
 made, never afterwards dispossessed him of the 
 stall he had long been accustomed to, but treatel 
 him with marked kindness and attention," 
 
 Colonel Hamilton Smith, of the British Army, 
 relates a case which proves the memory and 
 attachment of the horse : " The Colonel had a 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 19 
 
 charger in his possession for two years, which he 
 left with the army, but which was brought back 
 and sold in London. About three years after- 
 wards the Colonel chanced to travel up town, and 
 at a relay, on getting out of the mail, the off- 
 wheel horse attracted his attention ; on going 
 near to examine it with more care he found the 
 animal recognised him, and testifying its satis- 
 faction by rubbing its head against him, and 
 making every moment a little stamp with its fore- 
 feet, to the surprise of the coachman, who asked 
 if the horse was not an old acquaintance. It 
 was — it was his own old charger I" 
 
 " A lady, remarkable for benevolence to the 
 brute creation, observed from her garden-gate 
 one day a miserable horse, with the shoulder raw 
 and bleeding, attempting to graze upon an open 
 spot adjacent ; having, by means of some bread, 
 coaxed the poor animal to the gate, she then 
 managed, with some assistance, to cover the 
 wound with adhesive plaster spread upon a piece 
 of soft leather. The man to whom the animal 
 belonged (one of those ignorant and careless 
 beings who are indifferent to the sufferings of 
 any but themselves) shortly afterwards led the 
 horse away. The next day, however, the horse 
 made his appearance again at the gate, over 
 which he put his head and gently neighed. On 
 looking at him it was found that the plaster was 
 removed, either by the animal's master, or by the 
 rubbing of the ill-made collar in which he worked. 
 The plaster was renewed. The third day he 
 
20 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EAST. 
 
 appeared again, requiring the same attentiofj, 
 which he solicited in a similar manner. After 
 this the plaster was allowed to remain, and tho 
 horse recovered ; but ever after, when it saw its 
 benefactress, it would immediately approach her, 
 and by voice and action testify its sense of hei 
 kindness and notice. This anecdote, for the 
 truth of which we can personally testify, proves 
 how sensible the horse is of humane treatment, 
 and how grateful for benefits bestowed." 
 
 Kind treatment and every care are due to an 
 animal from whose services man derives such 
 important benefits ; but too often does man forget 
 that he has a diity to perform, not only towards his 
 fellow-man, but towards those domestic animals 
 which Providence has intrusted to him for his 
 welfare. 
 
 The apparatus used in training horses upon 
 our new S3^stem are both cheap and simple. A 
 common rope halter, a three or four ply cotton 
 cord about twelve feet long, and a piece of line 
 webbing, are all the implements required in 
 training colts. 
 
 THE ROPE HALTER. 
 
 This should be made rather heavier and longer 
 than those used upon broken horses, and so 
 arranged, by tying a knot or otherwise, that it 
 does not slip up so tightly as to pinch the ani- 
 mal's nose. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 21 
 
 THE CORD. 
 
 This is notliing more than a three or four ply 
 rope or cord. The cotton cord is much the best, 
 as it works smoothly, and is much softer than 
 any other. This cord is not a new feature in 
 horse -training, as impostors would have you 
 believe, it having been used many years by 
 various tribes of Indians, Mexicans, &c. It is 
 mentioned in the Veterinarian of London in 1828 
 as used by the North American Indians in sub- 
 duing their horses: hence it is known as the 
 Indian war bridle. A. H. Rockwell calls it the 
 Yankee bridle, which claim is wrapped in some 
 obscurity. The use of this simple arrangement 
 is a powerful means of controlling horses, when 
 properly used, otherwise it is more likely to do 
 harm than good. To prepare the cord for use, 
 tie a knot in each end, as seen in the engraving, 
 then make a loop by doubling the cord and pass- 
 ing the knot through, as represented by tho 
 engraving. 
 
 lOOPINQ THE CORD. 
 
22 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EAST. 
 
 These loops should be at such distances from 
 the knot as will allow the cord to pass around the 
 neck at one end and the lower jaw at the other, 
 passing the knot through the loop from the oppo- 
 site side of the loop to where it first passed through 
 in making the lap; this brings the thickness of the 
 cord in the centre of the loop. By this means 
 safety is secured, the cord slipping easily through, 
 preventing the possibility of its getting fast, as 
 it would be likely to do if passed through the 
 loop from the same side it originally came 
 through. The necessity of this arrangement will 
 be seen on applying the cord. We have here 
 two principles involved : first, steady pressure 
 upon the lower jaw; second, friction in the mouth, 
 
 CORD APPLIED CN WWEB JAW. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 23 
 
 CORD APPUED ON NECK. 
 
 the one stationary in the mouth, the other slip- 
 ping through it. The uses of these loops will be 
 explained in their proper places. 
 
 THE LINE WEBBING. 
 
 Take a piece of worsted webbing, such as is 
 used for driving-lines, divide it in two parts, 
 one piece of sufficient length to girt the body. 
 Make a loop in one end large enough for the 
 other end to pass through, so as, when adjusted, 
 it is sufficiently long to tie. The other part of the 
 web needs no loop. These two pieces of web are 
 used for various purposes, which will be explained 
 as we proceed. 
 
24 
 
 nORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 HABITS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 Horses contract liabits very easily when im- 
 properly managed, and transmit them to their 
 oflFspring. 
 
 " 'Tis easier to prevent than cure." 
 
 Every one at all conversant with the secrets of 
 the stable know how readily habits are contracted 
 by the horse, and the difficulty in breaking up 
 such habits when once contracted, by the ordinary 
 methods. Many habits of the horse, in no way 
 owe their origin to vice, yet are often as trouble- 
 some and dangerous as those which do. 
 
 KICKING IN THE STAT^LE. 
 
 To break up this dangerous habit, it is only 
 necessary to place the animal in a stall closed at 
 the head, or against a wall, so as to allow him no 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 25 
 
 opportunity of jumping into or over the manger. 
 Tie his head short, and suspend by a cord at 
 either end, a bag of straw, hay, corn husks, or 
 any soft material, so as to strike the hocks when- 
 ever the animal kicks. The bag rebounds, striking 
 him upon the hocks : after several repetitions the 
 animal is observed to stand and tremble; the bag 
 at this point is to be pulled upon one side so that 
 he does not see it, and when the animal gets over 
 his excitement try and induce him to kick. If you 
 succeed, immediately let the bag go back to its 
 former position. Two or three kicks will again 
 quiet him, and he trembles as at first. Remove the 
 bag, and when his excitement abates, try and 
 induce him to kick again. By repeating this a few 
 times the animal is thoroughly broken of the habit. 
 Such horses are often broken of the habit of 
 kicking in harness, as well as the stable, by the 
 same means. 
 
 Kicking against the side of the stall is a serious 
 evil. Capped hocks, and callous enlargements are 
 frequently consequences of this habit; mares more 
 frequently than geldings are subject to this vice. 
 Particularly is tliis the case when placed beside 
 other horses. Removal to a box stall, and left 
 there unhaltered, will frequently break up the 
 habit. When no such conveniences exist, a strap 
 should be buckled around the leg above the hock, 
 to which a club one and a half or two inches 
 thick, and ten or twelve inches long, covered with 
 a woollen cloth, or other soft material, so as not 
 to burt the animal, should be attached in such a 
 
26 HORSE TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 manner as to hang loosely against the shank bone j 
 with this appendage the moment the animal kicks, 
 this club punishes it by comning sharply in con- 
 tact with the leg, but does not bruise it. The 
 animal soon learns that by keeping the leg still he 
 escapes the punishment which follows every effort 
 to kick. 
 
 KICKING WHILE HARNESSING. 
 
 This habit is acquired by bad management in 
 the early training of the horse ; rough handling, 
 throwing the harness too quickly upon its back 
 before it becomes thoroughly accustomed to its 
 feel, are sufficient causes to produce this habit in 
 the colt of a highly nervous temperament. The 
 more quietly you go about such an animal, the 
 more readily and willingly will he yield obedience 
 to your desires. To break up this habit the cord 
 is called into requisition ; put the small loop over 
 the under jaw, take your position upon the near 
 side, opposite the shoulder, pass the cord over the 
 neck from the off side, and carry it through the 
 loop around the under jaw ; now draw it up tightly 
 and take a half-hitch, so as to keep the head in 
 a confined position (represented in engraving), 
 keep the cord in your hand, so in case of the 
 animal rearing you can slip the hitch and let the 
 head loose. You should then give him a few quick 
 jerks; tliis diverts his attention; you now quietly 
 take up the harness in your hands, and as quietly 
 approach, and put it upon him. Should he attempt 
 to kick, slip the loop us before, and give him a 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 27 
 
 few more sharp pulls upon the cord; tliis discon- 
 certs him. Repeat this lesson a few times, and he 
 will soon learn to stand quiet while you are har- 
 nessing him. 
 
 KICKING WHILE GROOMING. 
 
 Horses of a high nervous temperament are 
 frequently addicted to this habit. This, like 
 kicking in harness, is brought on by careless or 
 rough handling. The cord here too is a powerful 
 instrument of control. Having secured the head, 
 use the brush and currycomb in the most gentle 
 manner for several days, particularly about such 
 parts as he manifests the most tenderness. 
 
 KICKING IN SINGLE HARNESS. 
 
 Previous to putting the animal in harness, take 
 the cord, put the small loop over the under jaw, 
 pass the rope over the neck from the off side and 
 through the small loop upon the near side ; 
 give him a few quick pulls, which calls his atten- 
 tion to you. Put the harness upon him, having 
 a ring or loop upon the top of the bridle B and 
 a ring H secured to the back strap, about six 
 inches from the crouper. You now take a small bit, 
 attach to either ring a strong leathern strap about 
 half an inch wide, pass these straps A, A, A, A, 
 up over the face to the ring B in the bridle, 
 down through the terrets in the saddle, and back 
 through the ring H, then bring them down at 
 right angles, across the quarters and secure them 
 to the shafts on either side, in such a manner as 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 29 
 
 not to interfere witli tlie animal in travelling. 
 With this arrangement properly adjusted, the 
 moment the horse attempts to kick, the strap is 
 drawn tight over the quarters, at the same time 
 it jerks up the head forcibly, punishing the ani- 
 mal at each attempt to kick. 
 
 KICKING IN DOUBLE HARNESS. 
 
 First use the cord upon the animal until he 
 will yield his head on the slightest pull upon the 
 cord; put on a halter, which should be a good 
 «trong leather one, having a strong lead, and 
 ring F, (see Eng. p. 28), so adjusted as to slip 
 under the girth. Have two strong straps with 
 
 STRAPS ON KICKING HOnSE. 
 
 3* 
 
80 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY, 
 
 rings, on tlie plan of a dog collar. These are to be 
 buckled around tlie leg above the hocks, D, D, a 
 strong leathern strap fastened to the rings D, 
 passing through the ring F, well secured, so as 
 to be tense when the animal is standing square : 
 now check him up, and he is ready to hitch up foi 
 the start. This arrangement does not interfere 
 materially with his travelling, yet it reproves him 
 whenever he attempts to kick, and he soon gives 
 up the habit. 
 
 KICKING WHILE SHOEING. 
 
 CORD APPLIED ON LOWER JAW. 
 
 This, like most other habits, is brought on by 
 bad management. The colt, upon first entering 
 the shoeing shop, should be used with the greatest 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 ''I 
 
 gentleness and kindness. Any deviation from this 
 rule often causes the colt to resist all efforts to 
 shoe it. Particularly is this the case with the hind 
 feet. The habit once established, requires the 
 utmost care and perseverance to overcome the 
 evil. Ordinary cases of resistance while shoeing 
 may be brought to terms by the use of the cord 
 alone. To do this, pub the small loop over the undei 
 jaw, pass it over the neck, and through the looj 
 upon the opposite side, draw the cord tight, anu 
 take a half-hitch ; you will then take up the foot. 
 Should he resist, slip the hitch, and give him a 
 few quick jerks upon the cord, and then renew 
 the hitch. If he still refuses to let you have the 
 foot, repeat the operation. If he then resists, 
 put a collar around his neck, slip the long web 
 through the collar, carry it back, and around the 
 fetlock of the foot you wish to handle, bring it 
 
 SIDE LINE. 
 
32 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EAST. 
 
 back through the collar, holding the end in your 
 right hand ; now pull up the foot and hold it until 
 he ceases to resist : then take the web in your 
 hand close to the foot and pull the foot in different 
 directions, until he ceases to resist your efforts; 
 then caress him. Recollect, gentleness and kind- 
 ness go a great way in gaining the confidence of 
 the animal. When he gives you the foot readily, 
 take a hammer and tap upon it very gently. If he 
 resists, jerk him sharply a few times with the cord ; 
 if he still resists, remove the long web, then take a 
 short hold upon the halter with your left hand, 
 and with a quick m6tion catch the tail with the 
 right hand, and swing him around a few times, 
 by quickly bringing the head towards you. This 
 so disconcerts him that he usually yields the foot 
 without further resistance. For safety it is 
 always better to put the web on again for one or 
 two handlings. Properly managed you will seldom 
 fail in breaking up this habit iu from four to six 
 days. 
 
 HORSES UGLY TO SHOE IN FRONT. 
 
 Take the short web, put it on the foot (at the 
 fetlock) you wish to handle, pass it over the back 
 from the opposite side ; now pull the foot up and 
 hold it there until the animal ceases his efforts to 
 get it away, then tap lightly with a hammer upon 
 the foot, increasing the force of tiie I) low i^radu- 
 ally, until he will allow you to strike upon the 
 foot as hard as may be necessary ; thyu let the 
 foot down, pick it up with the hand ; if he resists, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 3S 
 
 draw it up again with the web ; and so repeat until 
 he yields it readily and willingly. Usually the 
 animal subjaiits his foot in a very short time, 
 unless he becomes excited by rough usage. 
 
 THE LONG FOOT-STBAP. 
 
 STRIKING. 
 
 Some horses have an ugly practice of striking 
 with their front feet. To break up this habit 
 take the cord, put the small end in the mouth, 
 and jerk him from one side to the other; he will 
 try to strike you, but he fails to do so if you give 
 him sufficient length of cord ; he soon finds he is 
 overmatched, and yields to you readily. By 
 using the long foot-strap or web, placed around 
 the near forefoot, then passed under the girth, 
 and carried back, having an assistant at the ani- 
 mal's head to lead him, as soon as he steps, pull 
 up the foot, let it drop and pull it up again at 
 
 C 
 
84 nORSE-TRAINTNG MADE EASY. 
 
 the next effort to step or strike. This teaches 
 him that he cannot use the foot as he would like, 
 and he ceases to make the effort. 
 
 BAULKINa. 
 
 This is the most aggravating of all the habits 
 which the horse is subject; it tries the patience 
 of man to the utmost; yet, by patience and per- 
 severance, with proper management, even this 
 habit can be broken up. It is rarely we find a 
 baulky horse which is not a good one. They are 
 usually very hardy, high-spirited, quick of com- 
 prehension, and of a strong nervous temperament. 
 They resist because we have failed to make them 
 understand what we require of them, or it may 
 occur from overloading, sore shoulders, or work- 
 ing until tired out. Particularly is this the case 
 with young animals. To whip under such cir- 
 cumstances only excites them to more determined 
 resistance. On the first attempt of your horse 
 to baulk, get out of the wagon, pat him upon the 
 neck, examine the harness carefully, first upon 
 one side then upon the other, speaking encour- 
 agingly to the animal while doing so; then jump 
 in the wagon and give the word to go ; generally 
 he will obey ; if he refuse to do so, take him 
 out of the shafts, put up the traces so that they 
 do not drag upon the ground, then take him by 
 the head and tail, reel him until he is almost 
 ready to fall, then hook him up again, and give 
 him the word to go; this rarely fails, it takes that 
 sullen spirit out of them, and they start at the 
 3* 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 35 
 
 word. I have failed but once in handling baulky- 
 horses, though I have handled a Large number 
 of them. By repeating the same operation every 
 day for a week, usually breaks up this most 
 perplexing habit thoroughly and permanently. 
 Another method which often proves successful, 
 is to tie the tail of the horse fast to the shaft-bar, 
 unloose the traces, securing them so that they 
 will not get under his feet. Now start him up ; 
 as soon as he finds his tail fast he will pull the 
 wagon by that appendage ; repeating this a few 
 times will often cure the habit. Another method 
 still will sometimes prove successful : instead of 
 tying the tail to the shaft-bar, take it between 
 the hind-legs, having a cord secured to the end, 
 and tie it to the saddle-girth; this will often 
 answer the same purpose. 
 
 SHYING HORSES. 
 
 Those who are in the habit of riding or driv- 
 ing along frequented roads, or through thickly 
 populated cities, can best estimate the inconve- 
 nience, annoyance, and constant apprehension 
 occasioned by a shying horse. While travelling 
 along with an air of the greatest unconcern, all 
 in an instant, planting himself in an attitude of 
 affright, he comes to a dead stop, or flies the 
 road. Of the sensation of the animal at such a 
 time, we will not venture a description, but we 
 know by experience what those of the driver or 
 rider are. Shying in horses is no doubt the off- 
 spring of fear. Fear is the emotion excited by 
 
S6 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 suspicion, apprehension, appearance or approach 
 of danger. This may be denominated native 
 timidity, giving rise to that kind of shyness with 
 which colts, and young animals generally, are 
 endowed. There is another kind of shyness 
 whieh we may denominate acquired. To illus- 
 trate, a colt is naturally shy at any object of im- 
 posing appearance, either novel or strange to 
 him. On the other hand, he beholds an object 
 that is familiar to him, which he associates with 
 some former suffering. We do not mean to assert 
 that these manifestations of fear are alike, further 
 than that they arise from the impressions made 
 upon the brain, a dread or consciousness of dan- 
 ger, in the one case acquired, in the other con- 
 genital. Shyness may be attributed to a third 
 cause, imperfect vision. A horse whose eye- 
 sight is imperfect is apt to shy at objects in con- 
 sequence of not seeing them properly. The 
 disposition to shy arising from either of the above 
 causes, is often increased by the acts of the 
 driver ; for instance (a very common one), a man 
 is driving a young horse upon the road, he meeta 
 an object of fear to the animal, and, as he ap- 
 proaches it, starts suddenly out of the road, hia 
 driver instantly commences a round of castigation 
 with the whip, in which he persists until the 
 horse, as well as himself, have lost their temper, 
 and then, while one whips, the other jumps, 
 plunges, frets, &c. The next object of fear the 
 animal meets recalls the whipping previously in- 
 flicted upon him. and assoeiates it with the object 
 
HORSE-TRAINTNG MADE EASY. 37 
 
 he fears, sines, and starts with even mora tlw'm 
 than before, sometimes attempting to ruu away. 
 Gentleness suid persaasion are the best means 
 of breaking up this habit; let the animal stand 
 and look at the object he fears, speak to him 
 encouragingly, and gradually he will approach it. 
 After he has passed it, turn him around, passing 
 the object slowly several times, and his fear 
 vanishes. By thus gently managing him, he 
 soon places confidence in you, and a gentle word 
 from the driver will induce him to move on by 
 the object. It is an old saying, that the most 
 efiectual way to make a cowardly dog fight is to 
 put him in front of his antagonist, in such a way 
 that he cannot retreat ; but we never heard any 
 one recommend that he be whipped at the same 
 time; yet we whip a horse for being afraid to do 
 that which we desire him to do. Reason and 
 experience both forbid the practice. It is our 
 duty to act mercifully towards an animal so noble, 
 so beautiful, and so useful to man. Contemptible 
 indeed is that being who disregards the plaintive 
 murmurs and ineffectual resistance of the poor 
 beast which chance has thrown into his possession. 
 
 WEAVING. 
 
 This is an unsightly habit, but not of so much 
 consequence as either of the foregoing. It con- 
 sists in the animal moving his head and fore- 
 quarters in quick succession from one side of the 
 stall to the other, like the action of a weaver's 
 shuttle, or like the hyena in his cage. The ani- 
 3 
 
38 
 
 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY, 
 
 mal stands with his forefeet wide apart, hence 
 the motion of the animal throws the weight of its 
 body alternately upon the inside of each fore- 
 foot. The effect of this habit is to turn the 
 inside quarter of the feet downwards and inwards 
 at the heel, forming, as it were, a kind of club- 
 foot. This habit indicates a restless disposition, 
 expressing impatience at being tied up. To 
 break up the habit, it is only necessary to turn 
 the animal loose into a box-stall. 
 
 CRIBBING MUZZLB. 
 
 CRIBBING. 
 
 This is a very disagreeable habit, to say the 
 least, but not so serious as it is often represented. 
 The effects of an inveterate crib-biting horse are 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 39 
 
 plainly perceptible upon the incisor (nippers) 
 teeth. The cribbing muzzle is the best means 
 of breaking up the habit. See Jennings on 
 ''The Horse and his Diseases." 
 
 BITING HORSES. 
 
 This is a hateful habit, or, more properly, a 
 vice of the worst kind. It is sometimes acquired 
 from foolishly teasing the animal in the stable by 
 mischievous boys. Love of mischief is a pro- 
 pensity too easily acquired, and often becomes a 
 confirmed vice; particularly is this the case with 
 biting horses. Last spring (1865) my advice 
 was asked regarding a horse which had always 
 been known as a remarkably good dispositioned 
 animal, but, some four or five months previous, 
 some boys amused themselves by teasing him. 
 He soon acquired the habit of biting, and, almost 
 simultaneously, that of striking. Regarding the 
 former vice — one of the most dangerous and the 
 most difficult of all vices to break up — I advised 
 castration ; the owner approving, I operated upon 
 him on the spot. Instead of curing the habit, 
 he from this time becau">e notoriously vicious, two 
 men narrowly escaping with their lives from the 
 infuriated animal. He finally became so con- 
 firmed in his vicious propensities, it was worth a 
 man's life to approach him. The owner, whose 
 name I omit by request, called upon me to handle 
 this animal, which I did on the sixth day of Oc- 
 tober, 1865, at his residence, near Princeton, 
 New Jersey. My efforts were attended with 
 
40 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 entire success. I first drew his head down close 
 to the manger from an opening in the partition, 
 having his head well secured. The stable-door was 
 thrown open. I then approached his head cau- 
 tiously, and put my rope halter upon him. I now 
 tied a knot in his tail, slipped the halter lead 
 through the hair above the knot, drew the lead 
 up as far as possible, so as to draw the head to 
 one side,, and tied the halter lead by a half-hitch 
 to the tail ; this prevented the animal going in a 
 straight line, and enabled me to keep out of his 
 way. I now slipped the head-halter, previously 
 upon him, and drove him out of the stable. The 
 moment he gained the yard, I was after him, 
 tickling him upon the hind-legs with a whip. 
 This set him wild with rage, and caused him to 
 move in a circular direction quite rapidly. I 
 kept up this action until he began to stagger ; I 
 quickly caught the halter at the head to prevent 
 his falling, and, before he had time to recover 
 himself, I tightened the halter so as to bring the 
 head and tail nearer together. I again started 
 him, he reeled more rapidly, and came near fall- 
 ing ; I caught the end of the halter, slipped the 
 hitch, and, before he had time to recover, I had 
 the small end of the cord nicely adjusted in his 
 mouth. I then commenced to pull him right and 
 left, and in a few minutes he was as quiet as a 
 lamb, following me readily in any direction. He 
 was handled by the owner in the same manner 
 for several days. I recently heard from him ; ha 
 remained perfectly tractable. My friend Mr. E. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 48 
 
 C. Dudley, of the firm of Magner & Dudley 
 horse trainers, accompanied me to see this horse, 
 
 RUNNING AWAY. 
 
 Some horses, of an excitable or headstrong 
 disposition, will make frequent efforts to get away 
 with his driver, and, when once he succeeds, he 
 is very apt to try it over again. Such animals 
 must be trained upon the mouth. To do this 
 effectually, take the cord, using the large loop, 
 over the neck, placing the cord in the mouth, 
 and back through the loop. You now pull 
 
 TEMPERING THE MOUTH. 
 
 quickly and sharply upon the cord, this sets 
 the horse back, and causes the mouth to become 
 
44 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 tender. You then go behind him, pulling quick 
 upon the cord. Handle him several times in 
 this way before putting him in harness; he soon 
 yields promptly to the slightest pull upon the 
 cord. You may now harness him up ; and, as a 
 matter of safety, put the long web around the 
 near foot, and give it in charge of an assistant. 
 Let him take it in the buggy. With him, you 
 
 TAKING UP THE TOOT. 
 
 start on your journey ; if the animal attempts to 
 run, pull upon the lines, and he will generally 
 come down to his usual gait. Should he not 
 obey this gentle warning, let your assistant take 
 up his foot by pulling the web. This throws him 
 upon three feet, and prevents his running. 
 Another method, more convenient and equally 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 47 
 
 effectual, is the apparatus used for kicking horses, 
 with this difference, instead of fastening the ring 
 
 STRAPS ON KICKING HORSE 
 
 which passes under the girth to the halter, secure 
 it to the collar (see Eng. p. 46). With this ar- 
 rangement upon him, a horse cannot run. It is 
 not necessary to have the straps as heavy as for 
 
 a kicking horse. 
 
 REFUSING TO STAND WHILE GETTING INTO A 
 CARRIAGE. 
 
 This habit is very easily broken up. Use the 
 cord upon the mouth, have it long enough to 
 
48 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 CONTROLUNG THE MODTH. 
 
 take in your hand ; when entering the carriage, 
 if the horse starts, jerk lightly upon the cord; 
 if he does not obey, bring him back forcibly by 
 a quick, strong jerk on the cord. This soon 
 teaches him to stand until you are ready for him 
 to start. 
 
 HARD PULLERS, OR LUGGERS ON THE BIT. 
 
 To break up this habit, use the cord in the 
 same manner as upon a runaway horse, or have 
 a pair of straps about twelve inches long, with a 
 ring at one end and a buckle at the other : pass 
 these straps through the ring of the bit on either 
 side, carry them up on the side of the face, und 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE F.ASY. 
 
 49 
 
 buckle to the head-piece of the bridle, which 
 must be a strong one; buckle the lines to the 
 rings on these straps, instead of the riugs in the 
 bit. This forms a gag, similar to the Frencli 
 twitch gag, and is a powerful means of control- 
 ling the mouth of a hard-pulling horse. 
 
 UGLY TO BRIDLE. 
 
 Some horses are ugly to bridle from having 
 been knocked or roughly handled about the head. 
 Horses are occasionally troubled with sore ears, 
 or have some tenderness about the mouth or head. 
 Such animals refuse to be bridled from fear of 
 
 being hurt. 
 
 Nothing but kindness and careful 
 
 KEEPING THE HEAD DOWN. 
 
 D 
 
50 HORSE-TRAINING iMADE EASY. 
 
 handling will accomplish our purpose in such 
 cases. Where the habit arises from previous 
 injury or ugliness of disposition, take the cord, 
 put the small end into the mouth, draw it tightly, 
 and take a half-hitch. This confines the head, 
 preventing the animal from raising it. In this 
 position, the horse will allow you to put on and 
 take off the bridle at pleasure. After putting it 
 on and removing it several times, loosen up the 
 cord, and repeat the bridling; every time the 
 animal resists, draw the cord tightly; on the 
 contrary, when he yields, caress him ; you thus 
 gain his confidence. 
 
 LOLLING THE TONGUE 
 
 Some horses have a habit of carrying the 
 tongue out of one side of the mouth. This ia 
 generally confined to narrow-jawed horses, the 
 space between the molar teeth being too narrow to 
 contain the tongue in the mouth when the bit 
 presses upon it, without coming in contact with 
 the edges of the molar teeth, to preveut which 
 the tongue is thrown out over the bit and hangs 
 from one side of the mouth. To remedy this 
 defect, take a common bar bit, drill a hole on 
 either side, about three-quarters of an inch from 
 the centre of the bit, from the upper surface; 
 then take a piece of sole leather, four inches 
 long and two inches wide, sprinkle it over with 
 pulverized rosin and burn it into the leather, this 
 renders it proof against the action of the saliva 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY 51 
 
 in the mouth ; now drill two holes in the centre 
 of the leather corresponding to those in the bit, 
 and secure both together by rivets, so that the 
 leather extends two inches above the bit and Lwo 
 inches below it; this, put into the mouth, keeps 
 the tongue down clear of the molar teeth, and 
 prevents the animal getting it over the bit. A 
 horse which lolls the tongue should never be 
 driven with a snaffle bit; a bar bit is always 
 preferable. 
 
 HUGGING THE POLE. 
 
 This is a great annoyance to the other horse, 
 and he will probably learn to do the same thing, 
 not from imitation, but from leaning inwards so 
 as to enable him to stand against the other lean- 
 ing on him. I have seen a pair of horses thus 
 going, each leaning on the other, rendering it 
 extremely dangerous in frosty weather, or where 
 the road from any cause may be slippery. This 
 habit may be broken up by securing a piece of 
 sole leather to the pole upon the side where the 
 animal leans, having a number of tacks driven 
 through it in such a manner as to protrude from 
 the leather towards the horse. The moment he 
 attempts to hug the pole, the tacks prick him, 
 and he leaves it in a moment and takes his proper 
 position. He makes but few efiforts after the first 
 punishment ; a few days' driving in this manner, 
 usually cures him of the habit. 
 
I E HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 TO MAKE A HORSE TROT HONEST. 
 
 Many horses show speed when they strike their 
 gait, but do not hold it long. This, in many in- 
 stances, arises from too much anxiety on the part 
 of the driver, forcing the horse off his feet. This 
 is a great source of annoyance to the owners, who 
 in many instances have built their hopes very 
 highly upon the great speed of their favorite nag. 
 But how often are they doomed to disappoint- 
 ment ! the animal is beaten by those of far less 
 speed, simply because he breaks up badly. To 
 prevent this habit in horses, requires some de- 
 gree of patience and good management on the 
 part of the trainer. The apparatus used upon 
 this occasion is a similar one to that used for 
 kicking horses. The straps e e are the same; the 
 halter lead, however, is not required; use instead 
 a strap passed through the collar; the choke-strap 
 will answer the purpose, if not too long ; to this 
 strap secure the ring /, pass the strap e e through 
 the ring /, and buckle the straps d d above the 
 hocks. We are now ready to drive the horse, 
 going off on a moderate gait, that he may become 
 familiar with the feel of the straps prior to urging 
 him. As he moves, the strap e e slips through 
 the ring y, allowing the animal to move witliout 
 restraint as long as the legs move alternately, as 
 they do in the trot or pace; but the instant he 
 attempts to change his gait, he then meets the 
 check which the straps give him; he cannot move 
 them together as he does in the run, the straps 
 
54 
 
 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 preventing both legs going back at the same 
 time. After he has made a few attempts to 
 break up and fails, he becomes gradually more 
 steady. We may then urge him to the top of 
 his speed without his making any effort to go up. 
 Drive him every day with this arrangement for 
 three or four weeks, and by that tim.e he will, as 
 A. general thing, trot perfectly honest and re- 
 ^nain so. 
 
 HALTER PULLING. 
 
 This is a bad habit, often contracted by bad 
 management on the part of those having the care 
 of young animals. It is one, however, with care 
 the a little patience, easily broken up. For this 
 purpose we use an ordinary rope halter, with a 
 
 TO PEEVENT HAITKR PULUNG. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 65 
 
 PULLING ON THE HALTER. 
 
 lead long enough to pass through the halter- 
 ring then back between the forelegs and under a 
 Burcingle, and tie with a slip-knot to one of the 
 hind feet, be careful that the halter ring is strong 
 enough to resist the pull; now put him back, 
 and as he pulls, the halter draws both ways, upon 
 the head and on the hind foot ; he rarely makes 
 more than two or three attempts to pull back. 
 You may now approach him, and try your best 
 to set him back, whip him over the nose, throw 
 your hat in his face, a buffalo, or any other object 
 which he may fear, and all will fail to set him 
 back ; repeat this a few times, and he will give 
 
66 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 up the habit. When in harness it is not safe to 
 hitch him thus, as it gives him an opportunity to 
 pull himself down ; it is therefore better to tie 
 the halter around the body, back of the shoulders, 
 instead of tying it to the foot; if he pulls now, 
 he pulls against his fore-arms, but it does not 
 take him off his feet. Another plan is to tie a 
 knot in the tail so that it will not slip, then divide 
 the hairs in the middle above the knot, and pass 
 the end of the halter through the opening and 
 tie it, so that when he pulls it brings the tail 
 between the hind legs; thus fixed, he pulls upon 
 his head and tail. Either of these plans will 
 effectually break up the habit. 
 
 OBJECTS OF FEAR. 
 
 Some horses are naturally far more timid than 
 others, and take alarm at objects which in others 
 produce no fear. We have seen horses dread- 
 fully agitated during a thunder-storm; while, on 
 the contrary, we have observed some apparently 
 indifferent to the flashes- and roar. In cases 
 where horses are in stables on fire, fear appears 
 to paralyze their powers, so that it is very difficult 
 to rescue them, unless they be first blindfolded, 
 which should always be done. Professor Rodet 
 relates several curious cases of this character : 
 "In 1806, during the campaign of Austerlitz, a 
 Piedmontese officer possessed a beautiful, and in 
 other respects, a most serviceable mare, but which 
 one peculiarity rendered at times exceedingly 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 57 
 
 dangerous for the saddle : she had a decided 
 aversion for paper, which she immediately re- 
 cognised the moment she saw it. The effect 
 produced by the sight or sound of it was so 
 prompt and so violent, that, in many cases, she 
 unhorsed her rider; and in one case, his foot 
 being entangled in the stirrup, she dragged him 
 a considerable way over a stony road. In other 
 respects, this mare had not the slightest fear of 
 objects that would terrify most horses. She 
 regarded not the music of the band, the whistling 
 of the balls, the roaring of the cannon, the fire 
 of the bivouacs, or the glittering of arms. The 
 confusion and noise of an engagement made no 
 impression upon her ; the sight of no other white 
 object affected her; no other sound was regarded; 
 the view or the rustling of paper alone aroused 
 her to madness. A mare belonged to the Gruard 
 Royal from 1816 to 1821. She was perfectly 
 manageable, and betrayed no antipathy to the 
 human being nor to other animals, nor to horses, 
 except they were of a light gray color ; but the 
 moment she saw a gray horse, she rushed upon 
 it and attacked it with the greatest fury. It was 
 the same at all times and everywhere. She was 
 all that could be wished on the parade, on the 
 route, in action, and in the stable; but such 
 was her hatred towards gray or white horses, 
 that it was dangerous to place them in the same 
 stable with her at whatever distance. If she 
 once caught a glimpse of one, whether horse or 
 mave, she rested not until she had thrown her 
 
58 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 rider or broken lier halter, and then she rushed 
 upon it with the greatest fury, and bit it in a 
 thousand places. She generally, however, seized 
 the animal by the head or throat and held it so 
 fast that she would suifocate it if it were not 
 promptly released from her bite. No other white 
 body appeared to make the least impression on 
 her. A mare belonging to the fifth squadron 
 hussars feared, on the contrary, all white inani- 
 mate objects, such as white mantles or cloaks, 
 and particularly white plumes. When any of 
 these white bodies, and especially in motion, were 
 suddenly perceived, if they were of any magnitude 
 and their motion was rapid, she was in a dreadful 
 fright, and strove to escape ; but if they were 
 of no great size, and moved more gently, she 
 rushed furiously upon them, struck at them with 
 her forefeet, and endeavored to tear them with 
 her teeth. No other colors produced the shghtest 
 effect upon her, nor did the appearance, however 
 sudden, of white horses or dogs of the same 
 color ; but if a white plume waved, or a white 
 sheet of paper floated by her, her fear or rage 
 was ungovernable.'^ 
 
 Professor Rodet regards these as cases of true 
 monomania. It is remarkable that in each in- 
 stance the subject of this singular frenzy was a 
 mare. Some animals are very much alarmed at 
 the sight of a buffalo-robe, an umbrella, &c. To 
 break up these habits requires more care than is 
 usually required for other habits. Take the cord, 
 put the small loop in the mouth, place the object 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 59 
 
 TEACHING THE HORSE TO STAND. 
 
 of fear at a distance, lead the animal as near it 
 as possible, have an assistant to raise it off the 
 ground ; if the animal attempts to get away from 
 it, jerk him sharply from side to side a few times, 
 then have your assistant approach with the object 
 of fear very slowly, and each time the animal flies 
 from it, jerk him as before, and so repeat until 
 he will allow you to approach near enough to rub 
 him on the nose. If it is a buffalo-robe, stroke 
 him upon the neck, gradually put it on his back, 
 take it off and put it on again ; repeat until he 
 stands perfectly quiet; now approach him from 
 another direction, he now starts up again as at 
 first, jerk him in the same manner, and repeat 
 every iay until he will allow you to approach 
 
60 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 him from any direction. A week or ten days is 
 sufficient to break up the habit thoroughly, if 
 properly managed. 
 
 Another very good method is the halter so 
 arranged as for halter pulling. Having the 
 
 THE UALTJJR PULLER. 
 
 animal ready, take the buffalo-robo on your 
 arm, approach as near as possible without 
 causing the horse to pull back, stand a moment, 
 and, when the animal gets over the temporary 
 excitement, gradually approach it; the horse now 
 pulls upon the halter, and comes back to his 
 proper place ; in five minutes^ generally, he wil] 
 stand and allow you to put the buffalo on him in 
 any way you please. Occasionally we find a case 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 61 
 
 TRYING TO GET AWAY. 
 
 that does not yield readily. Under such circum- 
 stances, the cord, small end, should be applied in 
 addition to the halter. Now approach him gradu- 
 ally; if he does not stand quietly, give him a 
 quick, sharp pull upon the cord. Take the cord 
 off, leaving the halter upon him ; lay the buffalo 
 on the jfloor before the animal, and leave him to 
 examine it for an hour or two; now hang it over 
 the back part of.the manger, and leave him again 
 in the same manner; then hang it up in the en- 
 try before him, so that he can view it at a short 
 distance, then change its position, hang it up 
 behind him; finally' you may put it over hl^i back, 
 
62 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 and secure it with a surcingle. By changing it 
 in this maimer, he becomes famihar with its 
 appearance in any position. A horse will often 
 see an object in one position and not notice it ; 
 but place the same object in a diflferent position, 
 and the animal becomes alarmed. One day 
 usually is sufficient to break up this habit, com- 
 pletely and thoroughly. 
 
 HALTERING THE COLT. 
 
 To do this without the colt offering resistance, 
 it is necessary to drive him into a cow-stall or 
 other convenient place. You will now, with 
 your hand if you can reach him, otherwise with 
 a stick of sufficient length, touch him gently 
 upon the quarter ; this will cause him to start up, 
 and perhaps to turn around in the stall. Do not 
 attempt to prevent his doing so, or you increase 
 his excitement, which at all tim^s should be 
 carefully avoided. You will then repeat the 
 operation, and in a few minutes he will stand 
 quietly and allow you to stroke him with your 
 hand, or stick ; gradually pass the hand or stick 
 up over his back, as he will bear it, until you 
 reach his head ; if he attempts to get away, do 
 not try to prevent his doiug so, as you will fail in 
 the attempt. As soon as he will allow you to 
 stroke his head, take up an ordinary rope halter, 
 such as are used upon colts, pull out the lead so 
 as to form a good sized loop, place it on the end 
 of a stick, and hold it towards him ; let him smell 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY Q6 
 
 HALTERING THE COLT. 
 
 it, and, as he does so, let his nose pass through 
 the loop ; raise the upper part of the halter over 
 his head, then turn the stick and the halter will 
 fall back of the colt's ears. Slip up the lead and 
 you have him fast ; now place the lead over his 
 neck and secure it by a slip-knot, so as to keep 
 him from treading on it. Open the stall-door and 
 let him go out. Now drive him into a carriage- 
 house, or some other suitable place, not more 
 than twenty-five or thirty feet square ; you then 
 approach him ; he runs to a corner ; take a pole 
 six or eight feet long, and commence as before by 
 touching him on the quarter ; and as the pole 
 
64 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 approaches the neck, close up gradually until you 
 can put your hand upon him; you will then dis- 
 pense with the pole, slip the knot in the halter, 
 and remove the lead from his neck. You now 
 have one end of the halter, the colt the other; 
 you want to teach him to lead ; you take yom 
 position a little quartering from his body, and 
 nearly opposite his shoulder. You say, Come here, 
 sir; your colt pays no attention to your command, 
 because he does not understand you ; give th« 
 halter a quick, sharp pull, which brings the coll 
 towards you. The instant you pull, let the haltei 
 slack, this prevents him from pulling back : if 
 you keep your lead tight, he learns that he is 
 fast, and he will pull in spite of all your efforts to 
 prevent his doing so; repeat this operation several 
 times, always using the words Come here, your colt 
 will soon learn to follow you in the one direction. 
 You then go to the opposite side and teach him to 
 follow in the same manner; he must be handled 
 from both sides, or he will obey but one. He now 
 follows to the right or left. You want him to go 
 forwards ; take your position a little to one side, 
 but slightly in advance of his head ; give your 
 halter a sharp, quick pull, and as your colt steps 
 forward, stop and caress him ; repeat this a few 
 times, and he will follow you in any direction. 
 
 HITCHING THE COLT IN THE STABLE. 
 
 Lead him into an ordinary stall four and a half 
 feet wide, having previously fitted a movable bar 
 
HORSE-TRAININQ MADE EASY. 65 
 
 at tlie back of the stall about three feet and a 
 half from the floor, or, if more convenient, a good 
 strong rope, well secured, will answer the pur- 
 pose — let it be about the same distance from the 
 floor. After leading the colt into the stall, put 
 up this bar or rope, and then tie the colt to the 
 manger-ring; if you do so at first, he will in all 
 probability run back before you can have the 
 bar or rope secured in their place; and then the 
 halter gives way, and you have taught the colt 
 the first lesson in halter-pulling, which under all 
 circumstances should be carefully avoided. In 
 taking the colt out of the stable the same precau- 
 tion must be used. Untie the halter before re- 
 moving the bar or rope. Continue this precaution 
 for about ten days or two weeks, and by that time, 
 as a general rule, the colt will stand hitched any- 
 where. 
 
 TRAINING COLTS TO HARNESS. 
 
 To break a colt successfully, requires a man 
 who has inexhaustible patience, great presence of 
 mind, strong nerve, &c., in a word, a man wdio 
 can control himself, can train a horse to harness, 
 so as to prevent their contracting any bad habits. 
 With such indispensable attributes and proper 
 appliances, a man of ordinary intelligence can 
 train a horse to harness without accident to the 
 animal, himself, or others. Always train a colt 
 with an open bridle, so that he may see exactly 
 what you are doing : using the blind bridle pre- 
 vents the animal from seeing your movements, 
 g* E 
 
66 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 and unless you use great care and judgment, you 
 are apt to alarm the colt from the least misplaced 
 movement. Let a man recollect how surprised, 
 and in some cases alarmed, he feels on anything 
 touching him behind. The same is the case with 
 the horse where he does not see the object. We 
 may say it was only the end of the trace that 
 touched him ; how is he to know this if he does 
 not see it ? A man standing in the street would 
 turn as quickly round if a harmless sheep touched 
 him, as if it were some more formidable animal. 
 We must, therefore, be careful not to alarm or 
 confuse the horse. Do everything in the most 
 gentle and persuasive manner; if you do any- 
 thing which frightens your colt, he never forgets 
 it. Take time, and teach each point in training 
 thoroughly ; remember, that which is done hur- 
 riedly, is done badly. 
 
 HARNESSING. 
 
 Horses, wnether young or old, sometimes have 
 an aversion to going in harness ; such animals 
 show their unwillingness by kicking, baulking, 
 rearing, running back, or, perhaps, running away. 
 To prevent such habits being developed, take the 
 colt, after being thoroughly halter-broken, by the 
 head and tail, reel him a few times, and you can 
 put the harness upon him ; by this means you 
 disconcert him, he will not then resist you ; place 
 him in the stable with the harness upon him. 
 and leave him there a few hours, so that he may 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 67 
 
 become accustomed to it. Then bring bim out, 
 take the lines behind him, having an assistant at 
 bis head, and teach bim thoroughly the use of 
 the reins, turning bim to the right and to tbft 
 left, until he will obey the slightest pull upon the 
 reins ; after having bim so that be will start at 
 the word, turn to the right or to the left, by a 
 pull upon the. line; he is ready for the word 
 
 WHOA. 
 
 This is the most important word used in horse- 
 training; it is our safeguard in case of accident; 
 the animal, therefore, should learn its meaning 
 thoroughly. To prevent confusion in bis mind, 
 the word should never be used out of its proper 
 place. If we approach a horse standing quietly 
 
 WHOA. 
 
68 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 in the stable, we should never use the word wlioa^ 
 though it is very generally used on such occa- 
 sions. Use instead the words Get over, Go over, 
 Quietly, my pretty boy, or any other word you 
 please, to make the animal aware of your pre- 
 sence; but under no circumstances use the word 
 tohoa, except when the animal is in motion, and 
 you want him to stop. In order to properly 
 teach him the meaning of the word ichoa^ put 
 the long web around the near fore-foot, pass it 
 under the girth, and as the animal walks along, 
 pull up the foot, at the same time say lolioa; by 
 repeating this, you will soon see him raise the 
 foot when the word is given, even though the 
 web is not pulled upon. Horses thus trained are 
 safe in case a rein or bit should break, as they 
 will generally stop at the word, under almost any 
 circumstances. A friend of mine trained his 
 horse to stop by simply catching hold of the tail. 
 You are now ready for 
 
 LEARNING TO BACK. 
 
 Put the cord upon the horse, using the small 
 loop ; draw it up with a steady pull, — this brings 
 the animal's nose towards his body. Keep a 
 firm hold upon the cord until he steps back 
 a little, using at the same time the word back, 
 then caress him ; you thus teach him that he 
 has done exactly what you wished him to do ; 
 then repeat caressing him each time he obeys. 
 Care must be used not to excite the colt too 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY 69 
 
 LEAKXING TO BACK. 
 
 mucli or you will have him resist you ; thefrefore. 
 do not continue your lesson more than five or ten 
 minutes at any one time ; on repeating the lesson 
 a few hours later, the animal will usually yield 
 and back freely. Now try him with the line 
 alone ; if he obeys, you may remove the cord 
 altogether. Occasionally, we find an animal 
 which will not yield to this treatment; we then 
 take the short web, put it around the near fore 
 foot, carry it over the back from the off-side, have 
 a bridle upon the animal, take hold of it close to 
 the bit with your left hand on the near side, 
 having the web in the right hand, with which 
 bring up the near fore foot, holding it up by the 
 web, now press backwards upon the bit, this 
 
70 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 brings the body back, and as it does so, let the 
 foot fall; the toe strikes the ground some fifteen 
 or eighteen inches behind the opposite foot, and 
 as it does so, the ofi-foot comes back to the same 
 point. By repeating this lesson, we teach any 
 horse to back, however obstinate he may be. I 
 have never known a single instance where it 
 failed. 
 
 HITCHING TO THE WAGON. 
 
 In hitching up a colt to the wagon for the first 
 time, it is always better that you put him along- 
 side of a steady, well-broken horse ; if you have 
 no opportunity of doing this, let him become 
 perfectly familiar with the wagon before hitching 
 him up single ; lead him up to the wagon in the 
 shafts of which you intend putting him ; let him 
 examine it carefully; raise the shafts up and 
 down in his presence, so as to get him familiar 
 with the motion ; if it be a top-buggy, raise and 
 lower the top ; should he behave badly, put the 
 cord upon him, using the small end ; jerk him 
 every time he offers any resistance. Now lead 
 him in front of the wagon ; pull it towards him ; 
 should he start, jerk him again, and so repeat 
 until you can pull the wagon up to him. Now 
 raise the shafts and let them down quietly over 
 his back; repeat this operation until he will re- 
 main perfectly quiet. Now lead him up, pulling 
 the wagon behind him. When he will bear this 
 nicely, you may hook him fast to the wagon, first 
 putting the long web upon the near front foot, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 71 
 
 SAFE TO DRIVE. 
 
 pass it under the girth, and give it to an assistant; 
 get into the wagon with your assistant, having 
 previously instructed him how to manage the 
 web. Have a second assistant to lead the animal 
 a short distance ; if he behaves well let him go. 
 With this system, one-half hour's handling every 
 day for a week is sufl&cient to break thoroughly 
 to harness the wildest colt. 
 
 BITTING THE COLT. 
 
 The ordinary process of bitting colts is too 
 well known to horsemen generally to need any 
 description at my hands. A cheap and easy 
 method of bitting colts, if properly managed, is 
 by means of the cord. To arch the neck and 
 bring the nose in where you want it, take the 
 
72 
 
 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 cord using the small loop over the under jaw, 
 pass the cord over the neck from the off side, and 
 through the loop on the near side. Now take 
 
 BITTING THE COLT. 
 
 your position at the near shoulder, press lightly 
 upon the cord ; should the colt resist, let it loose 
 for a moment, then press upon it again, and as 
 he yields caress him ; by repeating this a few 
 times, say two or three times a day as opportunity 
 offers, you will find he soon yields his head nicely. 
 Use the utmost care on first applying it, or you 
 will excite the colt to resistance. When once he 
 learns that he can resist successfully he will try 
 it over again. Do not continue the use of the 
 cord more than about ten minutes at a time. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 73 
 
 Now change tlie end of the cord, taking the 
 large loop, pass it over the neck, put the cord 
 through the mouth from the offside, back through 
 the loop on the near side, take your position in 
 front of the animal, pull lightly upon the eord ; 
 this sets his head up as high as you want to put 
 
 EETTIJfG UP THE HE&S. 
 
 U By repeating this lesson, the colt soon learns 
 to get up his head on the slightest touch upon 
 the rein. The cord is also used, 
 
 TO ADD STYLE. 
 
 It will be observed in using the cord for the 
 purpose of bitting the colt, that the small loop 
 
74 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 brings the chis in towards the body, at the same 
 time beautifully arching the neck ; the large loop 
 having directly the opposite effect by puttin.g the 
 head up in any position desired. This arrange- 
 ment applied to older horses, with a bad carriage 
 of the head, adds at least twenty per cent, to their 
 appearance, and often more than that amount to 
 their price. 
 
 MOUNTING THE COLT. 
 
 Take your position on the near side of the colt, 
 stand with your right side next to the animal, 
 take hold of the mane with your left hand, place 
 the toe of the left foot in the stirrup, placing the 
 right hand upon the back part of the saddle ; now 
 raise yourself up with a quick spring, passing the 
 right leg over the saddle, and take your seat ; a 
 very little practice will enable you to perform this 
 feat with ease and in a graceful manner. To 
 place your body fronting the side of the animal is 
 a very awkward position, and one rendering it 
 much more difficult to mount the animal. Should 
 the colt not stand well, a few jerks with the cord 
 will bring him to his senses, and make him stand 
 until you are seated. You are now prepared for 
 
 RIDING THE COLT. 
 
 In riding the colt for the first time, a common 
 riding bridle without martingale is to be preferred 5 
 fasten the short web around the off fore foot, take 
 a gihort hold upon it with the right hand while 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 75 
 
 you sit upon his back, holding the bridle-rein in 
 the left hand ; should he act badly, pull up the 
 otf foot with the web, at the same time pat him 
 gently upon the neck with the left hand ; there 
 is no danger in taking up the foot in this manner, 
 provided you do not pull upon the reins at the 
 same time. *.Let down the foot in a few minutes, 
 and turn the colt around several times by pulling 
 upon the off rein, then reverse the action by pull- 
 ing upon the near rein ; now turn him to the 
 right, then to the left, several times. Should he 
 still be restive, take up the foot again, and so re- 
 peat until he performs his part properly — then do 
 not fail to caress him. Make the first lesson a 
 short one, and gradually increase it from time to 
 time as occasion may require. This method 
 rarely requires the whip, and is certainly attended 
 with less danger than the old and tedious one of 
 riding a colt. We now come to 
 
 WHIP TRAINING. 
 
 To train a horse thoroughly to drive without 
 bit or line under the whip, requires from four to 
 six weeks' time ; it requires also a man of strong 
 nerve and self-control to be a successful trainer in 
 this particular branch. Whip training illustrates 
 the beauty and power of our system of horse 
 training. Such a feat as driving a horse without 
 bit or line cannot be accomplished by any other 
 system known to man. Having selected a horse 
 with a moderate share of intelligence, the next 
 
76 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 thing is to secure a suitable place for training. 
 An iuclosure twenty-five or thirty feet square is 
 r«fjuired. If you have it smaller, and your horse 
 should be disposed to kick, you v^ould be in 
 danger; if larger, it gives the animal too much 
 room to get away from the whip. It is better 
 that you go in with the horse alone, as then tho 
 animal will have no other object to tak€ his atten- 
 tion. Turn him loose without bridle or halter in 
 the inclosurc ; take your position in the centre, 
 holding in your right hand a straight whip nine 
 or ten feet long; you crack the whip as you take 
 your position ; this alarms the horse and causes 
 him to run into one corner of the inclosure; 
 crack it several times that he may learn that you 
 do not intend to hurt him; now commence tap- 
 ping him lightly upon the near shoulder, but not 
 to hurt him ; if a nervy fellow he is all excite- 
 ment for a few minutes ; continue the tapping 
 until he turn's his head towards you, which he 
 will do in a short time. The moment he turns it, 
 however slight it may be, cease the whipping ; as 
 soon as he turns it away again repeat the tapping 
 with the whip; in a few minutes he again turns 
 his head towards you; stop the motion of the 
 whip : as he turns away repeat the whip-tapping 
 as before; in a very short time he turns around 
 so that you can approach him; now gently caress 
 him; move away and again approach him; should 
 he turn away repeat the whipping : by this means 
 you teach him to come to you on the near side. 
 After he has learned this thoroughly, which re- 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 77 
 
 qpires about one week's training, half an hour 
 eu'^.h day, then proceed in the same manner upon 
 the off side ; as soon as he obeys the motion of 
 the whip upon this side, take your position behind 
 him, and turn him by the motion of the whip, to 
 the right or to the left ; as soon as he performs 
 nicely, put the harness upon him, take the lines 
 behind him, and, as you give him the word to 
 go forwards, throw the whip down by his right 
 side without touching him, at the same time 
 hare the long web around the rear fore foot, and 
 give it to an assistant; you want him to stop, 
 give him the word ivhoa^ at the same time your 
 assistant pulls up the foot, turn the whip in a 
 horizontal position above your head — in this way 
 you teach him that the whip in that position 
 means whoa. By repeating these motions, he 
 learns in about four weeks to turn to the rio;hfc 
 whenever the whip is thrown towards the right 
 shoulder; to the left when thrown towards the 
 left shoulder; to go ahead when thrown down by 
 the. right side ; and to stop when held in a hori- 
 zontal position. You now want to teach him to 
 back ; having previously instructed him accord- 
 ing to our rule, put the cord, using the small 
 loop, in his mouth ; take the cord in your hand 
 with the reins, pull upon the reins, and say Back, 
 at the same time keep the whip directly over the 
 animal's back, giving it an upward and downward 
 motion, or you may tap him gently upon the back 
 with the whip — this is best done in a sulky. If 
 lie starts forward, set him back by pulling quickly 
 
78 HORSE-TRAINING MADE, EASY. 
 
 upon the cord ; repeat the operation until he wiil 
 go back by the motion of the whip alone. Should 
 he make repeated efforts to go forward, bring the 
 whip quickly once or twice down over his nose, 
 he will not then repeat the operation very often ; 
 with this training, it is necessary to use an open 
 bridle, so that the animal will see the motions of 
 the whip ; you are now prepared to hook him up 
 for the first drive. Take an assistant with you ; 
 have the foot-strap or long web secured upon the 
 near fore foot; give it in charge of your assistant; 
 let the lines lie over the dash, as a matter of pre- 
 caution. Now commence operations with the 
 whip; if the animal acts promptly, remove the 
 foot web, and begin again, having the lines over 
 the dash as before ; drive the animal in this way 
 at least two or three weeks before removing the 
 bit from the mouth. Your horse is now safe to 
 drive under the whip. 
 
 TO TEACH A HORSE TRICKS. 
 
 It is necessary, in teaching horses to perform 
 tricks, to have in addition to the webbing the im- 
 plements known as the Rarey straps, by which 
 means you teach the animal to lie down, &c. 
 
 THE SHORT STRAP. 
 
 A common breeching strap is all that is neces- 
 sary ; it is used to strap up the foot (see engrav- 
 ing). Open the loop, keeping the buckle on the 
 outside, put the loop over the foot, then raise the 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 79 
 
 THE SHORT STRAP. 
 
 foot and pass the strap around the fore-arm from 
 the inside, and buckle it tight; this holds the foot 
 up firmly. 
 
 PTJLUNO UP THE FOOT. 
 
80 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 THE LONG STRAP. 
 
 This is a strap which buckles around the foot. 
 It has a ring in it, to which is buckled another 
 strap seven or eight feet long, or the short web 
 will answ^er the purpose. This is jjut upon the 
 right foot passing it under the girth (see engrav- 
 ing at foot of p. 79), or over the back for the 
 purpose of taking up the foot, when we want to 
 bring the animal upon his knees. 
 
 TO TEACH A COLT TO FOLLOW YOU. 
 
 Take the cord, using the small loop, give him 
 a few quick pulls right and left, then take your 
 position on one side opposite the shoulder, give a 
 quick pull upon the cord, which brings him to- 
 wards you; at the same time say, Come here, sir; 
 as he obeys, caress him. Eepeat this until he 
 will come without the pull, then take your posi- 
 tion upon the other side and proceed in the same 
 way. You will soon have him so that he will 
 follow in any direction. 
 
 TO TEACH A HORSE TO LIE DOWN. 
 
 Take your position upon the near side ; strap 
 up the near fore foot, using the short strap; have 
 a good strong bridle with cheek pieces, so as to 
 prevent the bit from pulling through the mouth. 
 Tie a knot in the bridle-rein over the neck, take a 
 short hold of the bridle-rein with the left hand, 
 the right hand holding the off rein; now press 
 him backwards, and as you do so he comes dowu 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 81 
 
 FOOT STRAPPED UP. 
 
 LKABNINQ TO LIE DOWN. 
 
 F 
 
82 
 
 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 gently upon his near knee ; let him rest awhile 
 in that position. Whenever he attempts to jump 
 pull him towards you, and press back as before; 
 
 IBS STBUaaLE. 
 
 after repeating this two or three times most horses 
 will lie down ; if you do not succeed, however, 
 put on the long strap, passing it under the girth, 
 or, what is better, over the back; take a short 
 hold of the strap with the right hand, pull him 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 83 
 
 PROPEE P0SITIO3S'. 
 
 towards you with tlie left hand, and as he steps 
 pull up the right foot, this brings him upon hia 
 
 COMINQ Oi:7 HIS KNEES. 
 
 knees ; keep him there until he lies down, then 
 caress him, handle him gently all over, knojk his 
 feet together, pull his head up and lay it down 
 
84 HORSE-TRAININQ MADE EASY. 
 
 GETTING READT. 
 
 DOWN AT LA.8T. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 85 
 
 carefully; repeat this operation several times, and 
 lie will soon learn to lie down by merely raising 
 the near front foot, or lightly tapping it with a 
 whip. 
 
 TO SIT UP. 
 
 Lay the animal down as previously directed, 
 having a collar upon him; place a hobble or 
 strap, with a ring in it, around each hind foot; 
 take a pair of ordinary driving lines, pass the 
 D^ickle-end through the collar back to the ring in 
 the hobble, and buckle them ; pull the feet up 
 towards the shoulders, and carry the lines back 
 to the hind quarters, hold them firmly in one 
 hand, or give them to an assistant. Have a bridle 
 ■with a long rein upon the animal ; take the rein 
 in your hand, stand upon the tail, and pull upon 
 the bridle-rein, keeping the lines firm at the same 
 time ; this brings him up in front, and prevents 
 his getting his hind feet back far enough to rise 
 upon them, they being drawn forwards and se- 
 curely held by the lines. Repeat the operation a 
 few times — say two or three times a day — and he 
 soon learns to lie down at the word. This is the 
 method usually practised upon circus horses. 
 
 TO MAKE A HORSE BOW. 
 
 Stand upon the near side, and with a pin in 
 your right hand prick the animal lightly in the 
 breast, and say Make a bow, sir; he will soon learn 
 to throw his head downwards ; when he does so 
 caress him; by repeating this operation a fow 
 
86 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 times he soon learns to bow by merely pointing 
 the hand towards his breast, or if learned by a 
 motion of the foot. In all cases when training 
 horses to perform tricks, it is necessary that they 
 should have a bridle without winkers, or else 
 have the head bare. 
 
 TO ANSWER QUESTIONS. 
 
 Take your position as before, and with a pin 
 in your right hand, prick him lightly anywhere 
 along the mane or over the withers, (ask such 
 questions as you want answered in the negative,) 
 this causes him to shake his head, which he will 
 do also when bothered with flies upon the neck 
 during fly time. It was this circumstance which 
 suggested the use of the pin to make a horse say 
 no. By repeating this operation a few tiwies he 
 will shake his head by simply raising the hand to 
 your head as if to raise your hat; this motion of 
 the head indicates no. Nodding the head by 
 pricking the breast signifies yes ; always ask the 
 question before makmg the motion with your hand. 
 
 TO KISS YOU. 
 
 To teach a horse to kiss you, take a piece of 
 apple in your hand, let the horse smell it, he will 
 then try to get it from you, carry it up to your 
 mouth and hold it between your teeth, let him 
 take it from your mouth -, repeat this a few times 
 and use the words, Kiss me; he soon learns that 
 Kiss me, means apple, and he puts up his mouth 
 to yours to take it away; when operating privately 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 87 
 
 always give it to him, and he will then obey you 
 promptly when showing him publicly. 
 
 TO SHAKE HANDS. 
 
 Take your position in front of the horse, say 
 Grive me your right foot, or Shake hands ; he does 
 not understand you ; you convey the idea to him 
 by taking a pin and gently pricking him upon the 
 right leg, he at once lifts it up; as he does so take 
 it in your hand and caress him ; he understands 
 by this that he has done what you wanted him to 
 do; after repeating this a few times, put your 
 hand towards his leg and crack the thumb and 
 fingers, he anticipating the prick lifts his foot; 
 should he fail to do so have your pin handy and 
 use it lightly. By this means he soon learns to 
 give you the foot at the crack of the thumb and 
 fingers. As soon as he gives one freely, teach him 
 in the '^ame manner to give the other one. 
 
 TO KICK WITH THE RIGHT OR LEFT FOOT. 
 
 Care must be taken in teaching this trick, that 
 you have a horse not predisposed to vicious pro- 
 pensities, or you may make a confirmed kicker; 
 and then you will have the habit to break up. A 
 horse of a mild disposition may be taught to 
 perform thus without the risk of his becoming a 
 kicker. I have taught one of my ponies to kick 
 when I desire him to do so, and he cannot be 
 made to kick unless the whip is used lightly upon 
 his hind parts. Having selected your animal, 
 
88 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 take a pin in your riglit hand, prick the near 
 hind leg with it and say Kick with the left foot j 
 the animal soon learns to obey. Then proceed with 
 the opposite leg in the same manner. After the 
 horse will kick with either foot, by a motion 
 *f the hand without pricking him you will stand 
 off a short distance, with a long whip in your 
 hand; touch the near hind foot and say Kick with 
 the left foot; then proceed in the same manner 
 with the right foot. By proceeding thus once a 
 day the animal will soon learn to do his part very 
 nicely. 
 
 LEARNING TO WALTZ. 
 
 Some horses seem to love music, and can 
 readily be taught to waltz or dance. Use a girth 
 around the body, upon the near side of which 
 buckle a short strap, having a loop at one 
 end, to fasten to the ring of the bit; draw the 
 strap through the girth buckle so as to incline 
 the head a little to the near side ; have one or 
 two good pieces of music, and play any waltz that 
 may be desired ; at the same time turn the animal 
 by the use of the whip lightly upon his legs ; he 
 soon learns to turn merely by a motion of the 
 whip without touching him. After repeating this 
 lesson once a day for three or four weeks, the strap 
 may be removed, leaving his head free. 
 
IIORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 91 
 
 HINTS UPON SHOEING. 
 
 A glance at the skeleton of the horse will at 
 once serve to convince us that the animal is 
 formed at the same time for strength, and for 
 celerity and ease of motion. If we look at the 
 fore limbs we shall see that the scapula, No. 3, 
 recedes from the shoulder- joint, falling back 
 obliquely; its upper part uniting with the spinous 
 processes of the anterior dorsal vertebras, No. 14, 
 to form the withers. The shoulder-bone No. 4 
 retreats, forming an angle at the elbow-joint; the 
 fore arm consists of two pieces, No. 5, the radius 
 and ulna consolidated as one bone in the mature 
 horse; this is followed by a double row of small 
 bones. No. 9, the carpus or wrist bones, seven in 
 number. These are succeeded by the metacarpus, 
 No. 10, with two slender splint bones attached 
 posteriorly to its upper part. To these succeed 
 the three phalangeal bones, Nos. 11, 12, and 13. 
 There are besides a small pair of bones situated 
 behind the fetlock joint called sessamoides, and a 
 small bone situated behind, and between Nos. 12 
 and 13, called the navicular bone. The coffin bone. 
 No. 13, is enclosed in the hoof, which consists of 
 thick, firm, rounded horn, having a certain degree 
 of expansibility ; and underneath, forming a sort 
 of sole, IS a part called the frog ; it is an elastic 
 cushion, and in a healthy state prevents con« 
 cussion. At each step the frog yields under tho 
 
92 IIORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 weiglit of the animal, and swelling out laterally 
 expands the heels of the hoof. This frog ought 
 always to touch the ground ; it does so naturally, 
 and where bad shoeing prevents it, the crust of 
 the hoof soon becomes hard, brittle, and unyielding, 
 causing a shock at every step as the animal trots 
 over the hard road. Inflammation and alteration 
 of structure soon supervene. The posterior limbs 
 are modelled on a similar plan. Now from the 
 angles which the bones of the limbs make with 
 each other at the joints, the force of every shock 
 as the animal trots or gallops is greatly broken ; 
 its very step is -light and elastic; and this not 
 only results from the obliquity of the bones in 
 question, bulf particularly from the yielding spring 
 of the pastern, its elasticity being provided for 
 by a ligament which passes down the back of the 
 cannon bone, No. 10, and along the pasterns to 
 the coffin bone 11, 12, and 13. Nor is the spring 
 of the elastic frog to be here overlooked; it also 
 contributes an important share to the easy pro- 
 gression of the horse, the action of whose limbs 
 as he moves is, or ought to be free, vigorous, and 
 springy. But alas ! how often do we see the 
 knees distorted with overtoil, and the pasterns 
 rigid and swollen from disease! 
 
 Shoeing is generally regarded as a necessary 
 evil ; and were it not for our paved streets and 
 turnpiked roads, an evil which might in a great 
 measure be well dispensed with. As it is, our 
 object should be to observe as closely as possible 
 three important rules in shoeing horses : 1st. To 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 93 
 
 preserve the natural bearing of the foot : 2d. To 
 preserve the hoof in its natural shape : 3d. 
 To protect the foot from injury. If we observe 
 the foot of the unshod horse, we find the hoof has 
 a perfectly level bearing upon the crust or wall 
 as it rests upon the ground, as well as upon the 
 frog, which, as previously stated, acts as an elastic 
 cushion preventing concussion and expanding the 
 heels, which relieves the pressure upon the sensi- 
 tive and delicate structure within the hoof, that 
 otherwise would occur were the hoof hard and 
 unyielding. It is unnecessary as well as unin- 
 teresting to the general reader for us to go into a 
 minute description of the structure of the horse's 
 foot. Those who desire such information can obtain 
 it by consulting Jennings on " The Horse and his 
 Diseases.'^ The sole or ground surface of the foot 
 is all that part of the foot situated between the 
 frog and the crust or wall; this sole should not 
 come in contact with either the ground or the 
 shoe. Supposing now the reader to understand 
 our meaning, 
 
 In order to preserve the level bearing of the 
 foot, it is necessary that the shoe be made with 
 a perfectly level surface upon the foot side, for 
 the crust to rest upon. Beyond that point it 
 should be bevelled inwards, in order to prevent 
 pressure upon the sole. The frog should remain 
 untouched with the knife, except to trim oif any 
 ragged edges. The moment the substance of the 
 frog is cut away, that moment it begins to lose its 
 moisture ; hence its elasticity. It becomes hard 
 
94 IIORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 and brittle often as tlie hoof itself; its function 
 is thus destroyed, and it now acts as a foreign 
 body, bruising the sole, causing diseases of various 
 kinds to arise. If we examine the feet of horses 
 shod in the ordinary manner — and there are few 
 others — we find in place of the shoe having a 
 level bearing for the crust, it is bevelled from 
 without inwards, so that the foot rests upon a 
 concave instead of a level surface. The conse- 
 quence is, the heels, instead of expanding up 
 these inclined planes, are actually pressed in- 
 wards, in consequence of the lateral pressure 
 thus brought to bear upon them. This, as a 
 natural result, causes contraction of the hoof 
 sooner or later, causing a hard, brittle condition 
 of the hoof, predisposing it to split, producing 
 toe, quarter, or other cracks, which never occur 
 in an elastic hoof; corns soon follow contraction 
 of the hoof, often producing very severe lame- 
 ness, and leading to diseases of a more serious 
 nature. When we have a contj-acted foot, it is 
 only necessary to reverse the bearing of the shoe 
 — that is, the bearing at the heels back from the 
 last nail-hole should be very slightly bevelled out- 
 wards. This has a direct tendency to gradually 
 facilitate the expansion of the heels. Dr. E,. Jen- 
 nings's Hoof Ointment is one of the best appli- 
 cations that can be made to a contracted hoof j 
 it restores its elasticity, and promotes a healthy 
 condition of the hoof. And here let me caution 
 the smith, in bevelling the shoe, to give it a very 
 little slant, from the last nail-hole on either Bids, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 95 
 
 not more than the twentieth part of an inch ; 
 otherwise more harm than good will be likely to 
 follow its application. 
 
 PREPARING THE FOOT FOR THE SHOE. 
 
 This, as a mechanical operation, requires a man 
 >f good, sound judgment to properly perform his 
 R'ork. The growth of the hoof is about equal to 
 its wear when the animal remains unshod, other- 
 wise the hoof would be worn too short or become 
 too long. Our object, then, in paring the foot, 
 is to remove so much of the hoof as would have 
 been worn away had not the shoe prevented such 
 wear. Any deviation from this rule causes the 
 feet to become unusually long, the sole thick, &c., 
 causing the animal to stumble at almost every 
 step. In preparing the foot for the shoe, after 
 carefully removing any old stubs that might re- 
 main, the crust should be lowered with the rasp 
 from the toe to the heels, the sole then should 
 be pared with the drawing-knife in preference to 
 the buttress. The feet should be poulticed the 
 night before being shod, with linseed meal; this 
 will so soften the hoof as to enable the smith to 
 pare the feet without difficulty. Care must be 
 taken to remove a portion of the horn between 
 the crust and bars, so that the heels of the crust 
 should be higher than the heels of the sole. The 
 bars will simply require cleaning out, removing 
 any loose portions without diminishing their 
 strength. AH ragged portions of the frog should 
 be removed, but the frog must by no means be 
 
96 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 cut away merely because the smitli fancies it to 
 be too large. In weak feet, very little paring is 
 required; the heels, however, require the nicest 
 care for their protection from injury in shoeing. 
 No fixed rules can be laid down for paring the 
 feet; that must be determined by the nature and 
 condition of these appendages. 
 
 APPLICATION OF THE SHOE TO THE FOOT. 
 
 The shoe should be set as near the outer mar- 
 gin of the crust as possible ; by so doing, we 
 have the crust as the main support of the foot, 
 as nature intended it should be. By setting the 
 shoe back a quarter or three-eighths of an inch 
 from the outer margin of the crust, as is often 
 done, at least one -half of the bearing surface 
 of the foot is destroyed. It is therefore weak- 
 ened in exact proportion as it is cut away, 
 besides greatly reducing the space for driving 
 the nails, thus rendering them more liable to do 
 injury, by being driven too close to the sensitive 
 structure, or by pricking the foot. The naila 
 should be pointed with great care, in order that 
 they may be driven with a greater degree of cer- 
 tainty. Eight nail-holes are usually punched in 
 the shoe ; but our experience teaches us that 
 injury is often prevented by leaving out the 
 quarter nail upon the inside of the foot. If it 
 should be thought necessary, it may be put in at 
 the toe instead. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 97 
 
 CLIPS UPON THE SHOE. 
 
 Tliese should not be used, as they are the 
 frequent cause of an obscure lameness, often 
 giving rise to much trouble. The growth of the 
 horn being from above downwards, the clip offers 
 an obstruction to the growth of the hoof, which 
 cannot be overcome ; hence it is turned inwards 
 upon the soft structures of the foot. This is 
 readily seen after death, in the hoof of a horse 
 which has been shod several years with the clip. 
 Removal of the cause will enable the animal to 
 get entirely over the lameness in two or three 
 months. I have restored horses to perfect sound- 
 ness in this way very frequently, even after a 
 lameness of two and three years' standing. When 
 it is thought necessary to use a clip, one of the 
 smallest kind should be employed. 
 
 INTERFERING. 
 
 Many horses are in the habit of interfering 
 and many ingenious methods have from time to 
 time been devised to prevent this troublesome 
 habit. Both the hind and fore legs are subject 
 to cutting or striking, usually about the fetlock 
 joint. In the front feet, however, we sometimes 
 find them striking just below the knee-joint, 
 producing an enlargement known as a speedy 
 cut. We should, when this habit exists, first 
 ascertain the cause as nearly as possible, and the 
 part which strikes, whether the shoe or the foot. 
 Many horses interfere only when leg-weary. Par- 
 9 G 
 
98 HORSE-TRAINTXQ MADE EASY. 
 
 ticularlj is this the case with colts. Some horsea 
 strike when shod with heavy shoes, but do not 
 do so with light ones. Others interfere from 
 some peculiarity in the conformation of the limbs., 
 The most successful plan of preventing this habit, 
 is to straighten the inside of the shoe from the 
 toe to the quarter, allowing the heel of the shoe 
 on the inside the same inclination that it would 
 have ordinarily applied. Two nails only should 
 be driven on the inside of the foot with this shoe. 
 This is an exception to our rule in applying the 
 shoe, but it usually has the desired effect. By 
 no means make the shoe higher on one side than 
 the other, as it causes unequal concussion upon 
 the limb when the animal is in motion; hence 
 predisposing the joints to injury. In some rare 
 cases, widening the web of the shoe, as well as 
 straightening it upon the inside, has the desired 
 effect, when simply straightening fails to accom- 
 plish the purpose. 
 
 OVERREACHING. 
 
 Many very good horses have this troublesome 
 habit. Young horses are more subject to over- 
 reaching than old ones; it very frequently disap- 
 pears as the speed of the animal is increased. At 
 a moderate gait the front feet do not always get 
 out of the way in time for the hind ones as they 
 are brought forwards, hence a collision takes 
 place. Sometimes the heels are cut or bruised 
 badly, and occasionally the shoes are torn from 
 
HORSE-TUAINING MADE EASY. 99 
 
 the front feet. The most successful means of 
 preventing this habit, is to make the front shoes 
 a little lighter, which facilitates their motion, the 
 animal lifting them up so quickly — the hind ones 
 should be a little heavier. Trifling as this differ- 
 ence may appear, it is very generally successful ; 
 an ounce of iron will make a very marked differ- 
 ence in the movement of most animals, as much 
 so as weight upon the back. 
 
 SHOEING HORSES WITH CORNS. 
 
 The corn should be well cut out, and then 
 burned with a red-hot iron, muriatic acid, or but- 
 ter of antimony. The shoe recommended for 
 contracted feet should be here applied ; the hoof 
 backwards from the corn to the heel should be 
 removed, so that no part of the hoof back from 
 the corn ha\e any bearing upon the shoe; by this 
 means we prevent all concussion that otherwise 
 would fill upon the part affected; the animal thus 
 shod will travel sound though the corn be a bad 
 one. Much depends upon the careful and skilful 
 application of the shoe, independently of its being 
 constructed on proper principles. Many horses 
 with very bad feet are enabled to go sound for 
 years by a combination of care and skill, while on 
 the contrary a single shoeing done by a bungling 
 workman would sujSice to lame them. It requires 
 considerable skill to fit a shoe properly on a bad 
 foot, so as to save the weakest parts and econo- 
 mize the horn. 
 
100 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 STOPPING THE FEET. 
 
 When we take into consideration tlie uniiaturaJ 
 condition in which the feet of the horse in a state 
 of domestication are brought, by naiHng upon them 
 the iron shoe, and standing them upon plank 
 floors, we can readily understand why it is, that 
 the hoof so soon becomes hard, brittle, and con- 
 tracted. 1st. There is no moisture absorbed by 
 the foot from either the shoe or the plank. If 
 we stand the horse upon the ground, it is but lit- 
 tle better, as such floors are usually very dry, or 
 else they are in a filthy condition in consequence 
 of the urine which the animal has passed off, pre- 
 disposing the feet to thrush, &c. In consideration 
 of the above facts it is our duty to protect the 
 feet by artificial means. To do this effectually, 
 the feet should be stopped with flaxseed meal 
 mixed with water, that is when the meal is mixed 
 the soles should be packed full, say once or twice 
 a week during the winter season, and three or four 
 times a week during the summer season. A small 
 quantity of Dr. R. Jennings's Hoof Ointment 
 applied to the upper part of the crust will be 
 found of very great advantage; it softens the 
 hoof and causes a healthy secretion of horn, or 
 hoof. For a more perfect description of shoeing 
 and the injuries consequent thereto, see Dr. R. 
 Jennings on " The Horse and his Diseases." 
 
 THINGS WORTH KNOWING. 
 
 A man to control a horse must learn to control 
 
HORSE-TRAININa MADE EASY. 101 
 
 himself. What you do must be done thoroughly, 
 or better not do it at all. 
 
 Once handling a horse produces but a tempo- 
 pary effect. "A merciful man is merciful to his 
 beast." 
 
 On first hitching a colt in the stable, put a 
 rope behind him, so that he cannot pull back 
 upon the halter. Light stables are preferable to 
 dark ones. Why? On taking a horse from a 
 dark stable the pupil of the eye is dilated, in con- 
 sequence of the change from a dark place to a 
 light one ; the pupil is acted upon too suddenly 
 and severely; the result is, the animal cannot 
 distinguish objects until the pupil of the eye con- 
 tracts. 
 
 Stuff the feet often, and use occasionally Dr. K,. 
 Jennings's Hoof Ointment, if you would keep 
 the feet of your horses in a healthy condition. 
 
 Drive fast, and stop often. 
 
 Pay the groom liberally, it will pay you back 
 in the care of your horse. 
 
 To warrant a horse free from vice is to make 
 use of an almost indefinite term, for its bounda- 
 ries are neither well defined nor understood ; and 
 under this sweeping term might be included 
 many faults generally considered trivial. Slipping 
 the collar, weaving in the stall, &c., might all 
 equally be construed into vice. 
 
 To warrant a horse perfectly free from vice is 
 great folly, because it will always admit of a 
 quibble. 
 
 In law, the word "warranted" extends merely 
 9* 
 
102 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 to soundness; "warranted sound'' has no greater 
 extent. 
 
 " Warranted sound, free from vice, and quiet 
 to ride or drive," covers everything but age. The 
 warranty should always be written. If you are 
 about purchasing a horse, it would be to your 
 interest to cousult some reliable veterinary sur- 
 geon. Things which cost least are not always the 
 cheapest, but prove in the end very dear. Cheap- 
 ness is the surest bait in the world. 
 
 Quantity may be estimated by an uneducated 
 eye : to discern the quality of anything, requires 
 experience and judgment. If you have a horse 
 you wish to match, do not let the dealer know 
 your object, or he will demand a higher price. 
 
 " The eye of the master makes the horse fat," 
 
 " He who buys, had need have an hundred 
 eyes," 
 
 '' What is everybody's business is nobody's 
 business." 
 
 Try before you buy. 
 
 To make a horse have a fine coat. 
 
 Feed well, clothe warmly, sweat often, groom 
 well, and use Dr. R. Jennings's Condition Pow- 
 der. 
 
 To remove a horse from a burning stable, blind- 
 fold him 
 
 Never quarrel with jj-our horse. 
 
 Wet the hay for a horse with heaves, and use 
 Dr. R, Jennings's Heave or Cough Powder. 
 
 Grood grooming promotes the health of horses. 
 
 Never let your horse know that he can resist 
 you. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 103 
 
 Never bleed a horse when the membrane lining 
 the nose presents a bluish appearance, as it de- 
 notes a debilitated condition of the system"; under 
 Buch circumstances the animal wants a liberal 
 diet, and strong tonic treatment. 
 
 Never drench a horse if it can be avoided, but 
 always administer medicine in the form of ball or 
 powder. The anatomical structure of the horse's 
 throat renders drenching exceedingly dangerous. 
 
 Drenching is the best way of administering 
 medicine to cattle. 
 
 To ball a horse properly, take the tongue in 
 the left hand, bringing it out on the ofF-side of 
 the mouth, then take the ball in the right hand 
 between the thumb and first two fingers, pass it 
 over the curve of the tongue, and let it go ; do 
 not be in too much of a hurry, or you will be 
 likely to fail in giving it. 
 
 Never feed corn or corn meal to horses which 
 are not in a healthy condition. 
 
104 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
 
 This noble animal, more than any other of our 
 domestic animals, is subject to diseases, which 
 are as numerous and varied as are those of man, 
 generally assuming an inflammatory character of 
 either the sthenic or asthenic form. By 
 
 STHENIC INFLAMMATION 
 
 We mean its acute form, which is the most com- 
 mon stage of inflammation. It is generally rapid 
 in its attacks, certain in its cause, quick in its 
 course, or in the development of its terminations 
 or consequences, and strongly marked in its symp- 
 toms and attendant fever. The most acute forms 
 of inflammation are Founder, Inflammation of the 
 Bowels, Lymphatics, Lungs, and other forms of 
 chest and abdominal inflammations. 
 
 ASTHENIC INFLAMMATION. 
 
 This is characterized by a feeble and debili- 
 tated state of the organism; by an uncertainty 
 in many instances as to the real nature of its 
 cause ; by an iusidiousness in its progress ; by a 
 want of that precise certainty in its symptoms, 
 which is so characteristic a feature of the acute 
 sthenic kinds; by being attended with fever of a 
 low typhoid nature ; and, by its greater proneness 
 in the generality of cases to spread to nearly all 
 the soft tissues, and terminate in gangrene and 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 105 
 
 death. The most common forms in which asthe- 
 nic inflammation is manifested are those of Ty- 
 phoid, Pleuro-Pneumouia, the ordinary Typhoid 
 Influenza, Scarlatina Maligna, &c. 
 
 TERMINATIONS OF INFLAMMATION. 
 
 Inflammation has several terminations, which 
 are designated by the following terms : — Resolu- 
 tion, Mortification, Suppuration, Ulceration, Hem- 
 orrhage, Effusion, Hepatization, and Ossification. 
 
 By Resolution^ is meant, comparative restora- 
 tion to health. 
 
 Mortification, death of the parts involved. 
 
 Suppuration, 2i breaking up of tissues, and form- 
 ation of purulent matter, which receives the name 
 of abscess. 
 
 Ulceration, the formation of an ulcer ; a puru- 
 lent solution of continuity of the soft parts. 
 
 Hemorrhage occurs from rupture of blood-ves- 
 sels, wound-s, ulcers penetrating the coats of an 
 artery, &c. 
 
 Effusion, watery accumulations j a serous fluid 
 as in dropsy. 
 
 Hepatization, liver-like structures changed in 
 their character, assuming the appearance of liver. 
 
 Ossification^ change of soft structures into 
 bony ones. 
 
 Adhesion, two or more separate structures be- 
 coming united. We briefly allude to the subject 
 of inflammation in order to give the general reader 
 some landmarks by which to form tolerably cor- 
 rect conclusions regarding the character of such 
 diseases as they may chance to meet with. 
 
106 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE MOUTH. 
 
 LAMPAS. 
 
 Lampas, as it is termed, is a fullness or swelling 
 of the gums and the bars or roof of the mouth, 
 consequent upon cutting the teeth. Lampas is 
 usually found in all colts during the period of 
 dentition. Many, however, suffer little or no 
 inconvenience by them, while in others the great 
 tenderness of the gums and bars causes the 
 animal to refuse his food. The owner too often, 
 with a vague idea of relief, submits the animal 
 to the cruel operation of burning out the bars 
 with a red-hot iron. A very few years since, 
 and I may add still is, in many sections of the 
 country, almost the only course pursued in such 
 eases, notwithstanding it is of no practical benefit 
 whatever; but on the contrary is often very inju- 
 rious. The only treatment required, is to lance 
 the parts freely, and wash the mouth with a solu- 
 tion of tincture of myrrh, one ounce to three of 
 water ; give no hay or corn for a week. 
 
 BAGS, OR WASHERS. 
 
 The bit, in reining, frequently bruises the 
 lining membrane of the mouth, causing soft 
 puffy swellings within the corners of the lips; 
 these sometimes become so large as to cause much 
 inconvenience to the animal in masticating his 
 %od. For their removal the part should be liec- 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 107 
 
 \j lanced and allowed to bleed undisturbed ; tben 
 bathe the parts with the following wash : — 
 
 R. Tincture of Myrrh. 
 Tincture of Aloes. 
 Rain-water, equal parts. 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Should this not succeed, remove the swellings 
 with the knife, or what is as well, clip them off 
 with a pair of scissors, then apply the above wash 
 to the wound two or three times a day, until 
 healed. 
 
 SORE MOUTH. 
 
 This is caused also by the bearing of the bit 
 upon tender-mouthed horses. It is situated at 
 the corners of the mouth, often causing consider- 
 able thickening of the lips about the parts affected. 
 Alum-water should be applied to the parts three 
 times a day, or the wash for bags, or washers, 
 may be used with equal. advantage. 
 
 ULCERS IN THE MOUTH. 
 
 In breaking horses to harness, the under jaw, 
 immediately in front of the molar teeth, is some- 
 times so injured by the bit as to cause inflamma- 
 tion of the periosteum (a thin membrane which 
 covers the bone), occasionally causing caries of 
 the bone, in consequence of which pipe-like open- 
 ings called sinuses are formed, which, becoming 
 filled with partly-masticated food, soon becomes 
 fetid, and often occasions sores which prove 
 troublesome to heal When the gum only is in- 
 
108 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 jured, it should be carefully washed with tincture 
 of myrrh and water, equal parts ; but when the 
 bone is involved, the diseased parts must be re- 
 moved, and afterwards dressed with the following 
 lotion : — 
 
 R, Gallic Acid, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 1 " 
 Water, 4 " 
 
 Mix all together, and bathe the parts affected 
 two or three times a day. 
 
 WOLF TEETH. 
 
 Many horsemen regard these teeth as injurious 
 to the eyes of horses ; but we cannot understand 
 upon what principle their opinions are based. 
 These teeth are not supernumary teeth as has been 
 asserted by many writers, but on the contrary are 
 natural to all horses. The germs or pulps of these 
 teeth are in the jaw at the time of foaling, and 
 are developed generally at one year old, ready to 
 cut their way through the gums. All young ani- 
 mals of the equine species have these teeth, and 
 they can be found in the mouths of four out of 
 five colts at two years of age. It is only when 
 the eyes are affected by disease that these teeth 
 are looked for, and when found are supposed by 
 some to be the cause of the trouble. In an ex- 
 perience of twenty years, I have not been able to 
 discover the least connection between these teeth 
 and the eyes. And what is equally singular, 
 these teeth are seldom mentioned by veterinary 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 109 
 
 authors. If you find them in your eolts and 
 wish them removed, the best plan is to pull them 
 out with a pair of ordinary tooth forceps. ^^ See 
 Jennings on " The Horse and his-Diseases. 
 
 IRREGULAR TEETH 
 
 In old horses the molar teeth, or grinders, fre- 
 quently become very uneven upon their grinding 
 surfaces, causing difficulty in masticating the 
 food; the outer edges of the upper molars becom- 
 inc. sharp cut the cheeks, causing them to become 
 o?e and often very much swollen. T^ie remedy 
 is the tooth rasp, by which the sharp edges of the 
 teeth are taken oif, enabling the animal to again 
 masticate his food in a proper manner. 
 
 CARIES OF THE TEETH. 
 
 Horses frequently suffer from this troublesome 
 disease. Caries or decay in the teeth gives rise 
 to the tooth-ache the same as in man, causing 
 symptoms in the horse which are often mistaken 
 ■ for other affections. My work on the horse ex- 
 plains this subject more fully. When caries has 
 Listed for some time, there will be as a genera 
 thin- a fetid discharge from one nostril; the lood 
 masses away in an undigested state, particularly 
 is this the case when whole corn has been given; 
 loss of flesh, stupor, starring coat, stopping short 
 in the road when in harness, shaking the head 
 and then going on again, starting as though 
 scared when no objects of fear are about, itie 
 10 
 
110 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 only remedy is the removal of the teeth, which 
 generally requires the aid of a qualified veterinary 
 Buro-eon. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EYE. 
 
 AMAUROSIS OR GLASS EYE. 
 
 In this disease we observe a clear bright eye, 
 well calculated to deceive the best horsemen, and 
 it is not until the animal runs against some object 
 in his way that blindness is suspected. It is a 
 very easy matter, however, to detect the amaurotic 
 eye. The pupil is always larger than usual, and 
 on removing the animal from a strong to a weak 
 light, and vice versa, no change is observed in the 
 pupil, the light not having any effect upon it, 
 which is not the case in the eye of a horse having 
 his sight perfect. It is caused by paralysis of the 
 optic nerve. Treatment. — This is uncertain, but 
 occasionally the following is successful : — 
 
 R. 
 
 Barbadoes aloes 
 
 6 
 
 drs. 
 
 Pulverized Ginger, 
 
 1 
 
 t( 
 
 " Gentian, 
 
 1 
 
 (( 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa, 
 
 1 
 
 (I 
 
 Mix with molasses in the form of a ball and 
 give to the horse. In twenty-four hours after 
 giving the ball, give half drachm doses of pul- 
 verized nux vomica mixed in the feed night and 
 morning; and apply a blister under the ears. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. Ill 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE HAW. 
 
 This is an inflammation of the membrana nicti- 
 tans situated at the inner corner of the eye, the 
 function of which is to cleanse the eye of any 
 dirt or other foreign substance which may get 
 into it; when inflamed it becomes timid, causing 
 a bulging at the inner corner of the eye, and is 
 commonly known by the term hooks, or haw, in 
 the eye. The treatment consists in bathing the 
 eye with the following wash, two or three times 
 a day : — 
 
 R. Tincture Opium, ^ ounce. 
 Tincture Aconite, 2 drachms. 
 Rainwater, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix all together. Give a purgative ball, but 
 do not under any circumstances have them cut 
 out, as you thus deprive the animal of the means 
 of cleansing the eye of dirt, or other matter getting 
 into this delicate organ. 
 
 SIMPLE OPHTHALMIA. 
 
 This is simply an inflammation of the eye, 
 caused generally by blows, or some other external 
 injury. Bathe the eye with cold water, and give 
 the following ball : — 
 
 R. Barbadoes aloes, 1 ounce. 
 Grnger pulverized, 1 drachm. 
 Gentian " i " 
 
 Mix with water. 
 
 Bleeding under the eye is sometimes an ad- 
 vantage. 
 
112 ITORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 SPECIFIC OPHTHALMIA. 
 
 This is commonly known as moon blindness , 
 the attack is sudden, the eye becomes watery and 
 exceedingly tender, the lining of the eyelid is 
 very red, and the eye itself is cloudy or white in 
 appearance. The treatment consists in opening 
 the bowels well with the purgative ball recom- 
 mended in Amaurosis, and to bathe the eye with 
 the following wash. 
 
 R. Tincture of Opium, 1 ounce. 
 Rainwater. 1 pint. 
 
 Mix both together. 
 
 This disease being of a specific character, its 
 termination is sooner or later confirmed blindness; 
 though the animal may have a number of attacks 
 previous to its final termination. 
 
 CATARACT. 
 
 This is one of the terminations of specific oph- 
 thalmia. It is a breaking up of the crystalline lens 
 of the eye, situated immediately behind the pupil. 
 When diseased it presents one or more white spots, 
 which gradually blend together until the whole 
 lens is involved. There is no cure : operations 
 only partially restore the sight, causing the animal 
 to become a shyer, which is certainly more 
 dangerous than blindness. 
 
 DISTEMPER. 
 
 This term is used by horsemen to denote all 
 Classes of catarrhal affections. A common cold, 
 
nORSE-TRAININQ MADE EASY. llo 
 
 influenza, bronchitis, &c., are all included under 
 the above beading. We are not disposed, however, 
 to regard the term distemper on so broad a field, 
 and will therefore drop it from our nomenclature 
 altogether; and consider the various diseases 
 under their proper headings. 
 
 SORE THROAT. 
 
 This is usually an accompanyment of catarrhal 
 affections. It sometimes occurs independently of 
 any such diseases; it is then known as laryngitis. 
 Symptoms. — Stiffness of the neck, cough, dif- 
 ficulty in swallowing, mouth full of saliva, with 
 more or less fever. Treatment,— apply the fol- 
 lowing liniment to the throat. externally : — 
 
 R. Linseed oil, .3 ounces. 
 
 Cantharides ointment, 1 ounce. 
 Spirits of Turpentine, 1 " 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Or what is a better application. Dr. R.Jennings's 
 Sweating Liniment. It may be obtained of 
 Druggists and dealers generally; and give in- 
 ternally Dr. R. Jennings's Tonic Powder, it seldom 
 requires more than one box to effect a perfect 
 cure. 
 
 STRANGLES. 
 
 This is a more aggravated form of sore throat, 
 
 attended with considerable swelling of the throat 
 
 externally, often threatening suffocation. In very 
 
 bad cases the aid of a veterinary suro;eon should 
 
 10 * H 
 
114 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 be tad if possible ; in tlie absence of such assist- 
 ance, poultice the throat with linseed meal; pour 
 scalding water upon some wheat bran and steam 
 the nostrils with it, put a bag over the nose to 
 prevent the steam from escaping too much ; when 
 the swelling becomes soft lance it under the jaw; 
 the danger generally is past when it discharges 
 freely. Give internally Dr. R. Jennings's Tonic 
 Powder. 
 
 INFLUENZA. 
 
 This disease is supposed to result from some 
 miasma in the atmosphere. It occurs in the 
 spring and fall months, at times assuming a very 
 malignant form, at other times it is comparatively 
 mild in its attacks. • 
 
 Symptoms. — A thin mucus discharge from the 
 nostrils. The living membrane of the eyelids pre- 
 sent an orange red appearance. The corners of the 
 eyes are filled at times with a purulent matter; 
 the animal is very much debilitated, as may be 
 observed by its motion in the walk ; the membrane 
 of the nose is also reddened ; cough attended with 
 sore throat. In this disease metastic inflam- 
 mation frequently occurs ; by metastic we mean 
 a change in the seat of disease in this case from 
 the air passages to the feet, producing symptoms 
 very Similar to founder, which often is mistaken 
 for that disease. A sustaining treatment is here 
 required. In the early stages of the disease, give 
 ten drops of Flemming's tincture of aconite in a 
 little water upon the tongue every six hours, until 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 115 
 
 the fever is checked ; then give Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Tonic Powder, it being prepared expressly for 
 this class of disease. When the throat is sore 
 use Dr. 11. Jennings's Sweating Liniment. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. 
 
 This is an inflammation of the air-tubes (bron« 
 chial) of the lungs, usually accompanied with a 
 painful cough, sore throat, mouth full of saliva, 
 discharge from the nose, respiration disturbed, 
 pulse quick, lining membrane of the nose and 
 eyelids reddened. On applying the ear to the 
 sides, a bubbling sound is heard, like the agita- 
 tion of a fluid. 
 
 Treatment. — Give the following ball, and if 
 the fever is not broken in twelve hours, repeat: — 
 
 R. Pulv. Saltpetre, 2 drachma. 
 
 " Digitalis 
 Emetic Tartar, of each, ^ drachm. 
 
 Mix with honey or molasses; or, use 
 
 R. Nitrate of Potash, 1^ oz. 
 " Soda, 6 oz. 
 
 Mix, and divide into six doses. Give one 
 three times a day in a sloppy mash. Apply to 
 the throat Dr. R. Jennings's Sweat*"^^ Liniment; 
 and, when convalescent, Dr. R. Jennm^s's Tonic 
 Powder may be used with great advantage in 
 restoring strength and vigor to the system. 
 
 NASAL GLEET, 
 
 This is usually the result of neglected catarrh. 
 It is attended with a chronic discharge from one 
 
116 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 or both nostrils of a thin, whitish mucus. The 
 animal's health is usually good, feeding and work- 
 ing as in perfect health. The only treatment 
 which has proved successful is a sustaining one. 
 Grive the following powders night and morning 
 in the feed : — 
 
 R. Sesquichloride of Iron, 2 oz. 
 
 Powdered Cinnamon, 1 " 
 
 " Gentian Root, 1 " 
 
 " Quassia, 1 " 
 
 Mix all together, and divide into eight pow- 
 ders; or, use the following powders night and 
 morning in the feed : — 
 
 R. Muriate of Barytas, 1 oz. 
 
 Linseed Farina, 2 " 
 
 Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 
 
 PLEURISY. 
 
 Inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
 ehest and investing membrane of the lungs, is 
 know as pleuritis, or pleurisy, which requires 
 prompt treatment, or it is apt to terminate in 
 dropsy of the chest. Si/mptoms. — Pain on press- 
 ing the sides, a grunt peculiar to this disease^ 
 pawing, the animal looking or biting at his sides^ 
 pulse quick, temperature of the body much above 
 the natural heat, lying down but rising quickly. 
 Trealment. — Grive ten drops of tincture of aconite 
 root, in a little water, every three hours for the 
 first two days : give in every pail of water one 
 ounce of nitric ether, and use Dr. R. Jennings's 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 117 
 
 Sweating Liniment on the sides ; keep the body 
 warm, and give no corn or corn meal. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 This disease occurs in the spring and fall, and 
 is known to horsemen as lung fever. Symptoms. 
 — Pulse quick and thready, mouth hot, the ani 
 mal hangs his head in or under the manger, legs 
 and ears cold, appetite lost, respiration quickened; 
 on applying the ear to the side a crackling sound 
 is beard. This disease requires prompt treat- 
 ment, as it frequently terminates fatally in a few 
 hours. If the animal is in a plethoric condition, 
 bleeding is attended with beneficial results. Give 
 five drops of tincture of aconite root, in a little 
 water, upon the tongue every two hours, until the 
 respiration becomes more tranquil ; apply Dr. R. 
 Jennings's Sweating Liniment to the sides. In- 
 jections of castile soap and water are very use- 
 ful; or, what is better, injections of tobacco- 
 smoke. The legs should be well hand-rubbed, 
 and stimulated with mustard or cayenne pepper, 
 and then wrapped in flannel bandages. 
 
 CONGESTIVE PNEUMONIA. 
 
 This disease is caused by some impure condi- 
 tion of the atmosphere, violent exercise, or sud- 
 den changes in the temperature of the air, &c. 
 The blood ceases to circulate through the lungs, 
 remaining there in a congested state ; the pulse 
 is full, but its action cannot be detected. Speedy 
 resort to the lancet is our only hope here. Bleed 
 
118 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 freely and quickly, then place the animal in a 
 box-stall, where the atmosphere is pure, and give 
 the following twice a day : — 
 
 R. Tincture of Opium, 2 drachms. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Acetatis, 2 oz. 
 
 Mix both together, and add one gill of water. 
 Place a pail of bran slop before the animal, and 
 keep the body warm ; stimulate the legs, as in 
 inflammation of the lungs, and wrap them in 
 flannel bandages. 
 
 HYDROTHORAX. 
 
 Dropsy of the chest, is usually the termination 
 of pleurisy. Symptoms. — ^^Pulse small and quick, 
 respiration quick and short, legs set wide apart, 
 breast, belly, and sheath swollen ; the animal 
 never lies down. There is much prostration 
 of strength in this disease, making the chances 
 of recovery very doubtful. The treatment which 
 has proved the most successful, is setons in the 
 breast, and half-drachm doses of the iodide of 
 potassa in water three times a day. 
 
 HEAVES, OR BROKEN WIND. 
 
 This disease is so well known that it does not 
 require any special remark. When seated in the 
 lungs, it is out of the reach of medicine, except 
 as palliatives. The best preparation for this 
 disease is Dr. K. Jennings's Cough or Heavo 
 Powder; or, use the following: — 
 
 R. Assafoetida, 2 drachma. 
 Gum Camphor, 1 drachm. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 119 
 
 Mix, and give every other night for a week. 
 The hay should be well sprinkled with water ; 
 avoiding clover hay or corn. 
 
 PALPITATION OF THE HEART. 
 
 This disease is known to horsemen as the 
 thumps. It is an inflammation of the lining 
 membrane of the heart. Si/mptoms. — Heart 
 pulsates violently, and may be observed at some 
 distance from the animal; pulse full and hard. 
 This disease is regarded as incurable. We can, 
 however, palliate the worst cases in one or two 
 hours' time, so that the animal is ready for work 
 the following day. Divide one drachm of pul- 
 verized digitalis leaves into five powders ; give 
 one powder every fifteen minutes ; keep the body 
 warm, and give food sparingly for a day or two. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OP THE BRAIN. 
 
 This disease is known as mad staggers. It 
 arises from blows over the head, over-feeding, 
 particularly with corn; a tight collar will some- 
 times produce it, &c. Si/mptoms. — Disinclination 
 to move about, lining membrane of the eyelids 
 much reddened, appetite lost, eyes present a dull, 
 sleepy appearance; to these succeed delirium or 
 madness. The animal now becomes indiiferent 
 to all about him, plunges about, destroying every- 
 thing in his way that will yield to his struggles. 
 Treatment. — Bleed freely, before the mad stage 
 comes on, or you must wait until the animal falls 
 
120 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 from exhaustion, then put the lancet into the 
 jugular vein, bleed almost to fainting; apply 
 bags of broken ice to the head, and open the 
 bowels with the following ball : — 
 
 K. Barb. Aloes, 1 oz. 
 Croton Oil, 6 drops. 
 
 Pulv. Ginger, 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix with water, molasses, or honey. 
 
 Injections are also very beneficial. Grive no 
 food of any kind for twenty-four hours. Corn 
 should not be given to animals subject to such 
 attacks of disease. 
 
 STOMACH STAGGERS. 
 
 This is the result of an overloaded stomach, 
 pressing upon the heart and lungs. The animal 
 appears dull and stupid, with a tendency to pitch 
 forwards unless supported by a wall, manger, tree, 
 or other object; constipation of the bowels usually 
 accompanies this disease. Treatment. — Bleed 
 freely, and open the bowels with the ball recom- 
 mended for inflammation of the brain. Grive no 
 food for forty-eight hours after the attack, 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 
 
 Enteritis, or inflammation of the bowels, some- 
 times makes its appearance very insidiously; at 
 other times it is sudden in its attack. Symp- 
 toms. — Pulse full, strong, and quick, pawing, ly- 
 ing down, rolling on the back, kicking the belly, 
 body hot, legs cold, no intermissions of pain, as 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 121 
 
 in colic. Treatment. — Copious bleeding is very 
 necessary in this disease ; give five drops of 
 Flemmings's Tincture of Aconite in a little water 
 every two hours ; blankets saturated with water 
 as hot as the animal can bear them should be 
 strapped around the body, and kept wet with hot 
 water for two or three hours ; then remove, and 
 replace them with dry ones. , Tobacco-smoke 
 injections are here very serviceable, or castile 
 soap and water will answer a very good purpose. 
 Give no food for forty-eight hours. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 This di&ease occurs in two forms, flatulent and 
 spasmodic colic. In the former there is consider- 
 able swelling of the abdomen, the animal throws 
 itself about as in inflammation of the bowels ; the 
 pube, however, is nearly in a natural condition, 
 and there are intermissions from pain. In 
 spasmodic colic, the same symptoms are present, 
 with the exception of swelling of the abdomen. 
 Treatment. — Grive one-third of a bottle of Kerr's 
 East India Liniment, prepared by Jennings & 
 Higgins. This is the best preparation that can 
 be used ; or, give the following : — 
 
 R. Tincture of Opium, 1 oz. 
 Sulphuric Ether, i " 
 
 Water, $ pint. 
 
 Mix all together, and drench. If not relieved 
 in half an hour, repeat the dose : rub the belly 
 well with mustard and vinegar. 
 11 
 
122 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 DIARRHCEA. 
 
 This disease is sometimes caused by the too 
 free use of cathartic medicines, change of water, 
 exposure to cold, &c. Treatment. — Grive of Kerr's 
 East India Liniment 3 oz. in one pint of water. 
 The advantage of this Liniment is, it does not 
 constipate the bowels ; yet it has the desired effect 
 by restoring healthy action in the digestive 
 organs ; or, give the following : — 
 
 R. Pulv, Opium, 1 scrople. 
 
 *' Gentian Root, 1 drachm, 
 " Ginger " 1 " 
 
 Mix all together, and give every six hours until 
 relieved ; or, use the following : — • 
 
 R. Gum Camphor, pulv., 2 drachms. 
 Rhubarb, " 3 " 
 
 Opium, '* 1 " 
 
 Mix all together, and give in half a pint of 
 warm ale. 
 
 WORMS. 
 
 All animals are subject to these parasites; and 
 thousands of animals are annually lost, without 
 the cause being suspected. Symptoms. — Star- 
 ring coat, haggard eye, colicky pains, gasping, 
 debility, sluggish movements, emaciation, skin 
 covered with scurfy blotches, small feeble pulse, 
 belly tucked up, respiration slow, a peculiar pal- 
 lid appearance of the membrane lining the mouth, 
 irregular appetite, badly-digested faeces, agitation 
 of the heart and tail, dung covered with a mucous 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 123 
 
 tjubstance, a whitish or yellowish white sub- 
 stance about the fundament, rubbing the tail, &c. 
 These symptoms do not all appear in the same 
 animal. Treatment. — Use Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Worm Powder, the best preparation known for 
 worms; or, use the following, which in some 
 cases will answer the purpose : — 
 
 R. Oil of Male Ferns, 1 oz. 
 
 Powd. Ginger, \ " 
 
 « Linseed, \ " 
 
 Mix with molasses for one ball, repeat the dose 
 once a day for a week, then give an active purge; 
 or, the following will in some cases be found very 
 useful : — 
 
 K. Assafoetida, 2 drachms. 
 
 Oil of Male Ferns, i " 
 Calomel, 1 " 
 
 Savin, 1 " 
 
 Linseed Meal, 2 " 
 
 Mix with molasses, and form a ball ; give at 
 night, and follow it the next morning by giving 
 a purgative ball. 
 
 RETENTION OF URINE. 
 
 This is caused by irritation of the neck of the 
 bladder, or a dislike to spatter the legs. Symptoms. 
 — Frequent efforts to stale. Shake up the litter 
 under him, and he will urinate freely, unless the 
 retention is the result of disease, when such 
 means will fail. An instrument made for tht 
 purpose, called a catheter, should be passed up 
 the urinary passage, first having it well greased 
 
124 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 with lard ; the urine will then flow freely, and 
 give instant relief. If there is any fever present, 
 give the following: — 
 
 R. Nitrate Potassa, 1 oz. 
 
 Pulv. Digitalis, 1 drachm. 
 
 Calomel, 1 " 
 
 Mix all together, and divide into eight pow- 
 ders ; give one on the tongue three times a 
 day; or, 
 
 R. Sulphate of Iron, 1 os. 
 
 Nit. Potassa, 1 " 
 
 R(sin, i " 
 
 Juniper Berries, pulv. 2 " 
 
 Mix, and divide into four powders ; give one 
 night and morning. Injections of castile soap 
 and water are very useful ; or, where it can be 
 resorted to, tobacco-smoke is preferable. 
 
 PROFUSE STALING. 
 
 This disease arises from the too free use of 
 diuretic medicines, mow-burnt or musty hay, &c. 
 Some persons are constantly giving their horses 
 resin, saltpetre, and other diuretic drugs, which 
 have a tendency to produce diseases of the uri- 
 nary organs. This disease, as a general thing, 
 is easily remedied ; give the following : — 
 
 R. Prepared Chalk, I oz. 
 
 Pulv. Opium, 2 drachms. 
 
 " Catechu, ^ oz. 
 
 Mix, and divide into six powders, one to be 
 given in the feed three times a day, until the 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 125 
 
 desired effect is obtained ; then give Dr. R. Jen- 
 nings's Condition Powder. 
 
 BLOODY URINE. 
 
 Hematura, or bloody urine, is caused by strain 
 of the loins, calculous concretions in the kidneys 
 or ureters, unwholesome food, rupture of small 
 blood-vessels about the bladder, &c. Treatment. 
 — Give flaxseed-tea to drink, and open the bowels 
 with a strong purgative ball, and give twice a 
 day Dr. R. Jennings's Condition Powder. 
 
 CALCULI ; OR, STONE IN THE BLADDER. 
 
 A horse may have these deposits in the blad- 
 der a long time before they occasion any very 
 serious disturbance in the system. Symptoms. — 
 Frequent efforts to stale, but voiding the urine 
 in very small quantities at a time, which usually 
 is of a turgid yellow or thick whitish color; 
 colicky pains are often observed, the animal kicks 
 its belly, paws, looks at its sides, and on changing 
 its position frequently gets relief Treatment. — 
 Give twice a day one drachm of muriatic acid in 
 a pail of water. Should this fail to give relief, 
 an operation for the removal of the stone should 
 be resorted to; this will require the assistance 
 of a competent veterinary surgeon. (See Dr. 
 Jennings on "The Horse and his Diseases.") T 
 have operated on some nioe or ten horses for this 
 disease, and with entire success in everv instance. 
 11* 
 
126 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 HIDE-BOUND. 
 
 This is often caused by some slight disturbance 
 in the system (occasionally from the action of 
 worms), without producing any marked symptoms 
 of disease. In all such cases, Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Condition Powder is the best treatment which 
 can be resorted to. If worms are the cause of 
 the trouble, give Dr.R. Jennings's Worm Powder, 
 
 MANGE. 
 
 This is a disease identical with that of itch in 
 man. It is caused by a very minute insect called 
 the acari equus. The skin about the neck be- 
 comes puckered, the hair comes off in spots, 
 causing scabby patches; there is an intolerable 
 itching, causing the animal to be almost constantly 
 rubbing itself against a post, tree, &c. Treatment. 
 — Select a clear, warm day, place the animal in 
 the sun, and, with a scrubbing-brush, wash or 
 scrub him well all over with castile soap and 
 water; when dry, take one quart of sweet-oil 
 and two ounces of kerosene oil, mix them together, 
 wet the brush with the oils, and rub him all over. 
 It does not require to be put on very thick ; in 
 fact, it is better not to be so. 
 
 SURFEIT. 
 
 This is a scurfy eruption of the skin, caused 
 by an unhealthy condition of the blood. Treat- 
 ment. — G-ive the following : — 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 127 
 
 R. Socotrine Aloes, 1 oz. 
 Nitrate Potassa, 1 dr. 
 
 Ginger, pulv., 1 dr. 
 
 Mix with molasses, and form a ball ; follow this 
 twice a day with Dr. R. Jennings's Condition 
 Powder. 
 
 POLL-EVIL. 
 
 This disease occurs in horses only when the 
 blood is in a morbid condition : it cannot live in 
 a healthy system. An hereditary predisposition 
 to this disease is frequently transmitted from 
 parent to offspring. Several cases have occurred 
 in my own practice where brood-mares having 
 been affected with this disease, and afterwards 
 having had several colts, and that, too, after the 
 disease had been to all appearances thoroughly 
 healed up, all of which showed the same disease 
 before they arrived at the age of three years. 
 One mare had three colts, another two, and several 
 one, affected in the same way. I do not think 
 better proof of hereditary predisposition can be 
 required. Many mares have this disease, and 
 their colts escape it, simply because they do not 
 have the exciting or immediate cause to develop 
 it. Treatment. — The best and quickest means 
 is to cut it out well with the knife, when not too 
 long standing and deeply seated. After such an 
 operation, the wound should be washed with two 
 parts of water to one part of muriatic acid. Open 
 the bowels, and give Dr. E,. Jennings's Condition 
 Powder to purify the blood. No corn or corn- 
 
128 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 meal should be given to the animal. These cases 
 being trouble&ome. they are best treated by the 
 qualified veterinary surgeon, when he can be 
 obtained. 
 
 FISTULA. 
 
 This disease is precisely similar to poll-evil, its 
 location only giving it a different name. It occurs 
 more frequently than poll-evil, arises from the 
 same causes, and requires the same treatment. 
 For more full particulars of these diseases, see 
 Dr. R. Jennings's work on ^' The Horse and his 
 Diseases." 
 
 WATER FARCY. 
 
 This disease is known by swelling of the legs, 
 sheath, belly, &c. In young horses the parts are 
 hot, and painful to the touch ; while in old ones, 
 there appears to be no pain on pressure, but the 
 marks of the fingers will remain behind for some 
 time after. Hand-rubbing and moderate exercise 
 are very necessary, and give in the feed Dr. R. 
 Jenning's Tonic Powder. 
 
 LOCKED JAW. 
 
 Thia disease is the result of injuries, such as 
 picking up or running nails in the feet, metallic 
 or other substances taken into and wounding 
 the stomach or intestines; worms are occasionally 
 supposed to give rise to this disease, &c. The 
 first indications of its approach, are a straggling 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY- 129 
 
 gait of the hind-leirs, wLicli occurs about the 
 ninth day. In a few days after, the membrane 
 nictitans, or haw of the eye, will cover one-third 
 or more of the eyeball whenever the head is ele- 
 vated ; two or three days later, the muscles of 
 the jaw become rigid, the tongue swollen, mouth 
 full of saliva, nostrils dilated, nose poked out, 
 and ears erect; the respiration becomes disturbed, 
 the animal very excitable, bowels constipated ; in 
 turning the horse, he moves without bending his 
 neck. The first indication in the treatment is to 
 remove the patient where he will not be unneces- 
 sarily disturbed ; open the bowels with the aloes 
 ball. This should be done on the first symptoms 
 being observed, as it is not often successful after 
 the jaws become set. Give upon the tongue, in 
 a little water, ten drops hydrocyanic acid every 
 two hours ; or, the following may be used with 
 advantage : — 
 
 R. Flemming's Tincture of Aconite, i ok. 
 Tincture of Belladona, ^ " 
 
 Water, 1 " 
 
 Mix ; give ten drops every two hours, and apply 
 Dr. R. Jennings's Sweating Liniment all along 
 the spine, from the head to the tail. Keep a pail 
 of bran-slop before the animal, and put a ball of 
 aloes in the mouth, as far up as possible; replace 
 as often as it is dissolved ; there is no danger 
 of srivino; too much : continue this until the 
 bowels are opened. When the foot has been 
 injured by a nail, open the wound well, and apply 
 
 I 
 
130 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 a flaxseed poultice until healthy action takea 
 place. 
 
 RHEUMATISM. 
 
 This disease is of rare occurrence in this 
 climate ; but in Ohio, and some other sections 
 of the United States, it is very common. Symp- 
 toms. — Stiffness in moving about, the animal is 
 lame first in one leg, then in another, the joints 
 sometimes become swollen, and are painful to the 
 touch, &c. Treatment. — The bowels should be 
 opened with the following purge : — 
 
 R, Socotrine Aloes, 1 oz. 
 
 Calomel, J dr. 
 
 Pulv. Gentian Root, 2 " 
 
 Mix with molasses, and form a ball. Grive 
 internally one ounce of pine tar^^made into a 
 ball with flour or flaxseed meal, otice a day, and 
 bathe the parts with Kerr's East India Liniment, 
 prepared by Jennings & Higgins, Philadelphia, 
 Penna. 
 
 CRAMP. 
 
 This disease, even when it exists in a severe 
 form, is seldom suspected by the most experienced 
 horsemen, in consequence of the peculiar manner 
 in which the animal is handled. The horse 
 appears perfectly well, eating as usual ; but, on 
 attempting to take him out of the stall, he then 
 appears to have lost all power of motion in one 
 of his legs, usually one of the hind ones. On 
 compelling the animal to move, he takes two or 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 131 
 
 tLree steps naturally enough; when, suddenly, 
 the leg fails to come forward, and is left dragging 
 behind. Hand-rubbing, and bathing the limb 
 with Kerr's East India Liniment, prepared by 
 Jennings & Higgins, will restore the animal in a 
 very short time. 
 
 FOUNDER. 
 
 The primary cause of this disease is con- 
 traction of the hoof, rendering it hard, brittle, and 
 unyielding, in consequence of which, the con- 
 cussion when the foot is thrown upon the ground 
 when in motion is very much increased. In this, 
 condition long drives upon hard roads, bruise 
 the soft and delicate structures within the hoof, 
 in consequence of which the foot becomes sore 
 and fevered. In this condition the animal when 
 warm is often watered, the body is suddenly 
 chilled, causing a determination of blood to the 
 feet, the capillary vessels of the feet become 
 clogged, inflammation is the result, and all the 
 symptoms of founder follow, which are well known 
 to horsemen generally. Treatment. — Open the 
 bowels as speedily as possible with the following : 
 
 R. Barbadoes Aloes, 1 oz. 
 
 Nit. Potassa, 1 dr. 
 
 Ginger Pulverized, \ " 
 
 Mix with mucilage gum arabic, and make into 
 a ball. Bleed from the coronet, around the upper 
 part of the foot, at the inside quarter. Foment 
 the feet well with hot water for two or three 
 hours, and then poultice with flaxseed meal, and 
 
13^ HORSE-TRAINING MADE EAST. 
 
 in one week's time the animal usually recovers. 
 After which use Dr. R. Jennings's Hoof Oint- 
 ment, which will promote healthy action in the 
 hoof. 
 
 PUMICED FEET. 
 
 This is a change from the concave sole to n 
 convex one, in consequence of the absorption of 
 the lower mar2:in of the os pedis, or bone within 
 the foot (see Skeleton p. 90), from the inflamma- 
 tion consequent upon neglected founder. Proper 
 shoeing so as to prevent pressure upon the sole 
 of the foot, and the use of Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Hoof Ointment, is all that can be done in these 
 cases. 
 
 NAVICULAR JOINT DISEASE. 
 
 This is a disease of frequent occurrence in all 
 sections of the country. The horse is observed 
 to point, or advance one foot, sometimes for 
 months before any lameness is seen. The animal 
 is at times lame on first going out of the stable, 
 but recovers from it after travelling a short dis- 
 tance, and may not show it again for days or even 
 weeks. In some cases it comes on while the 
 animal is on the road, and disappears in a short 
 time, in other instances the lameness is continu- 
 ous. These variations are in consequence of the 
 difference in the development and intensity of the 
 disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — In its early stages there is no 
 heat about the foot, no pain upon pressure, no 
 swelling, the horse picks up the foot naturally 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 133 
 
 but steps lightly upon it. As the disease increases 
 the animals step becomes short or paddling; par- 
 ticularly is this the case when both feet are in- 
 volved. 
 
 Treatment. — Use Dr. R. Jennings's Sweating 
 Liniment, once a day to the fetlock until the 
 parts are well blistered, then dress with lard ; 
 wash the foot every three or four days with 
 castile soap and water, and when dry use the lard. 
 Continue this course until the scurf is all re- 
 moved, then use the sweating liniment again and 
 dress in like manner. Apply Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Hoof Ointment to the feet every other day. 
 When this treatment fails the frog seton should 
 be resorted to. See Dr. E,. Jennings on " The 
 Hjrse and his Diseases." 
 
 fSSIFICATION OP THE LATERAL CARTILAGES. 
 
 These are gristly projections from the os pedis, 
 or coffin bone in the foot, arising from contraction 
 of the hoof and other causes. They become in- 
 flamed, in consequence of which transformation 
 takes place, converting them into bony masses ; in 
 this condition the heels become thickened and in 
 bad cases bulging out considerably; when con- 
 firmed the disease is incurable. In its early 
 stage, which is quite difficult to distinguish from 
 tlavicular joint disease, the use of Dr. R. Jen- 
 nings's Sweating Liniment, and Hoof Ointment, 
 are indicated. 
 
 12 
 
134 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 QUITAR. 
 
 This disease is often the result of bad corns. 
 Pus or matter is forraed within the hoof at the 
 heel, generally upon the inside of the foot, which 
 burrows its way upwards to the top of the hoof 
 where it discharges; in its course upwards it 
 separates the hoof from the soft tissues within. 
 The animal is very lame until the abscess opens 
 at the top of the hoof, when considerable relief 
 is afforded. 
 
 Treatment. — Poultice the foot with linseed 
 meal, for several days; cut away all the loosened 
 parts of the hoof, and inject the parts with a solu- 
 tion of sulphate of zinc 2 drachms, to one pint 
 of water, or use nitrate of silver in the same 
 proportions. The foot should be wrapped up to 
 keep dirt from it, and when the parts begin to 
 heal properly, dress once a day with glycerine. 
 
 THRUSH. 
 
 This is a disease of the frog, caused generally 
 by standing in filthy stables. The almost constant 
 contact of the wet litter causes the frog to be- 
 come rotten, secreting a very fetid matter in its 
 cleft or division. 
 
 Treatment. — Wash the parts clean with soap 
 and water, and while wet sprinkle a small quantity , 
 of Dr. R. Jennings's Antiseptic Powder in the 
 cleft, and press it down with a little raw cotton. 
 In a few days repeat if necessary. One appli- 
 cation usually is sufficient. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 135 
 
 SCRATCHES. 
 
 This disease is caused by travelling on muddy 
 roads during a wet season, generally in the spring 
 or fall, or in consequence of an unhealthy con- 
 dition of the skin causing it to crack in the fet- 
 locks ; horsemen understand very well the nature 
 of this disease. 
 
 Treatment. — Wash the parts clean with castile 
 soap and water ; if the parts are very raw, apply 
 a flaxseed poultice mixed with the following solu- 
 tion. Sulphate of zinc 2 drs. to one pint of 
 water ; spread it upon a cloth and place it ovar 
 the scratches, securing it with a bandage. Con- 
 tinue this for three days ; then apply a small quan- 
 tity of Dr. Rr. Jennings's Antiseptic Powder, or 
 use 
 
 R. Castor Oil, 2 oz. 
 
 Collodion, 1 " 
 
 Mix together and apply with a piece of sponge, 
 The parts must be well dried before it is applied. 
 Grive internally, Dr. R. Jennings's Condition 
 Powder. 
 
 GREASE HEELS. 
 
 This is a greasy exudation of a whitish of- 
 fensive matter from the heels; the skin is hot, 
 tender and swollen ; large portions of the skin 
 Bometimes slough away, leaving ugly sores to heal. 
 
 Treatment. — This must be constitutional as 
 well as local. Give a strong purge, and poultice 
 the parts with linseed meal, in the same manner 
 as recommended in scratches; when the parts 
 
136 - HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 assume a healthy action, wash well with castile 
 soap and water, and dress once a day with Dr. R. 
 Jennings's Antiseptic Powder, or use once a week 
 a saturated solution of corrosive sublimate in alco- 
 hol; if this latter article is used, do not wash the 
 Bores more than once a week with the liquid ; it 
 will be necessary, however, to keep the parts clean 
 with castile soap and water. 
 
 BONE SPAVIN. 
 
 This is a very common disease, located in the 
 hock joint of the horse, (see Skeleton of the 
 Horse, p. 90) arising from strains, sprains, bruises, 
 punctured wounds, in fact anything that will 
 cause inflammation in the hock will produce 
 spavin. See Jennings on " The Horse and his Dis- 
 eases." Previous to bony deposits being thrown 
 out, bathe the parts when first injured with 
 tincture of arnica ; spavin will very frequently be 
 prevented by this simple remedy. When it be- 
 comes confirmed spavin, use Dr. R. Jennings's 
 Sweating Liniment. 
 
 BLOOD SPAVIN. 
 
 This is a puffy swelling upon the inside and 
 front part of the hock, caused by an abundant 
 secretion of synovia or joint oil. It rarely causes 
 lameness or other inconvenience, being nothing 
 more than an eyesore ; it may be removed by 
 compresses and cold-water bandages so arranged 
 as to press only upon the swelling. It however 
 requires much care and attention for several 
 months, which few persons are willing to apply. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 137 
 
 RING BONE. 
 
 This is precisely the same disease as spavin, 
 being seated between the large and small pasters 
 bones, requiring the same treatment as spavin. 
 Both these diseases are slow in their course, re- 
 quiring generally several months to. overcome the 
 lameness. 
 
 SPLINT. 
 
 This is an exostosis or bony enlargement, be- 
 tween the cannon and splint bones, showing itself 
 oftener upon the inside of the fore legs than it 
 does upon the outside. A few applications of 
 Dr. R. Jennings's Sweating Liniment will usu- 
 ally drive it away. 
 
 CURB. 
 
 This is an enlargement of the integument, or in 
 some cases it is caused by bony deposits. In 
 other cases it is the result of breaking down of 
 the hock. This latter is incurable. It is situated 
 at the back part of the hock just below the cap, 
 and often under the most favorable circumstances 
 proves troublesome to manage. Blistering, firing, 
 and setoning are the usual methods of treating 
 this disease. Dr. R. Jennings's Sweating Lini- 
 ment is the best remedy known to us. 
 
 CAPPED HOCK. 
 
 This is a puffy swelling of the cap of the hock, 
 containing a serous fluid. It is caused by bruises, 
 in kicking against the side of the stall, and from 
 12* 
 
138 HOUSE-TRAINING MADE EAST. 
 
 other injuries. Use Dr. R. Jennings's Sweating 
 Liniment. Should this fail, resort must be had to 
 the seton; pass it under the skin the whole length 
 of the swelling ; saturate it with the following : — 
 
 R. Cantharides Ointment, i oz. 
 Spirits of Turpentine, 1 " 
 
 Mix together. Turn the seton once a day, remove 
 it in two weeks, wash the parts with castile soap 
 and water, and dress with lard. 
 
 SHOULBER STRAIN. 
 
 This is one of the most easily detected, in juries* 
 to which the horse is liable, as the symptoms are 
 usually well marked. If the injury is severe th& 
 shoulder swells. In consequence of the inflamma- 
 tion, the toe drags upon the ground whenever the 
 animal moves forwards. In recent cases foment 
 the parts well with hot water for half an hour, 
 then use Kerr's East India Liniment, prepare(i 
 by Jennings & Higgins, Veterinary Surgeons. 
 Tincture of arnica is also a good remedy. 
 
 GALLS. 
 
 These are generally caused by friction or ud 
 equal pressure from the saddle, collar, &c. Bathtf 
 the parts with the following : it is the best pre- 
 paration known to us. 
 
 R. Tincture of Aloes, 1 oz. 
 Tincture of Myrrh, 2 « 
 
 Mix, and use two or thre« times a day. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 139 
 
 WARTS. 
 
 These are fibrous or seedy fungoid growths, 
 occurring in various parts of the body. In colts 
 they frequently present themselves in great num- 
 bers about the nose. Treatment : Let them alone 
 when about the nose of colts; in horses, they should 
 be removed with the knife, or by a string tied 
 tightly round them, and kept there untiF they 
 slough away. Permanganate of potash, as a 
 caustic, is an excellent remedy. 
 
 CASTRATING COLTS. 
 
 This operation, to say the least, is a barbarous 
 one, necessity only justifying its performance. 
 This fact admitted, it becomes us, as rational beings, 
 to perform the operation in such a manner °as 
 involves the least risk, the least pain, and the 
 least inconvenience to the animal operated upon. 
 Castration is one of the most ancient operations 
 known to man. The different methods which 
 have from time to time been practised, we will 
 not consider in this little work, but will be con- 
 tent with mentioning the operation introduced 
 into the United States, by the author, several 
 years ago. This consists in removing the testicles 
 by means of the acraseur, an instrum'ent invented 
 for the removal of hemorrhoides (piles) in man. 
 The advantages of this operation over all others 
 are. First : it is safer, better, less painful, more 
 scientific, and less barbarous than any other at 
 present known. Second : the wounds heal quickly, 
 
140 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 seldom requiring more than two weeks, and usually 
 not more than one. Third : the operation is less 
 troublesome to the skilful operator, as well as to 
 the Dwner of the animal, as the colt is done with 
 as soon as it is let up, no after treatment as a 
 general thing being required, as in other methods, 
 such as keeping the scrotum open, &c. Fourth : 
 usually little or no swelling takes place, the 
 animal being scarcely affected in any preceptible 
 way by the operation. Fifth : there is no more 
 hemorrhage than by any other operation. An 
 experience of twenty years' active practice justi- 
 fies me in making the above assertions, averaging 
 over one hundred operations a year. Where a 
 sufficient number of colts are obtained in any 
 section of the country, to justify an excursion, 
 the services of Dr. H. Jennings may be obtained 
 to perform the operations by addressing him at 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 GLANDERS. 
 
 This subject being one of great interest at the 
 present time to horsemen and the public gener- 
 ally, and having in connection with the Phila- 
 delphia Society for promoting Agriculture, dis- 
 tributed 2500 copies of my pamphlet on Grlanders 
 gratuitously, and the applications being several 
 thousands more than could be supplied, induces 
 the author to republish it in connection with this 
 work. 
 
GLANDERS. 
 
 Fkllow-Citizens : — 
 
 The sales of condemned government horses in 
 New Jersey and adjacent states, having intro- 
 duced into our county and immediate vicinity 
 the terrible scourge known as "glanders/' I con- 
 ceive it my imperative duty to warn you in time 
 of the danger which is threatening our com- 
 munity. 
 
 If the experience of a veterinary surgeon, who 
 has devoted twenty years of his life to the relief 
 of the noblest animal in the gift of Providence, 
 is not sufficient to excite your sympathy and even 
 your fears, I am convinced that the following 
 reports, based upon evidential facts and undoubted 
 authority, will attain that object. 
 
 _ You will see the proofs that " glanders" is a 
 disease without remedy, positively incurable, ex- 
 tremely contagious, easily comnumicated to man, 
 and that every day human life is sacrificed to 
 incredulity and ignorance ! 
 
 GLANDERS, 
 
 Definition. — Glanders consists in a discharge, 
 from one or both nostrils, of matter which by 
 transfer or inoculation will produce the disease 
 
 (141) 
 
142 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 m another animal (of the equine or human spe- 
 cies), and which discharge is sooner or later 
 accompanied by vascular injection and chancrous 
 ulceration of the schneiderian membrane, by 
 tumefaction of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, 
 and by farcy. — Percival. 
 
 Symptoms. — A discharge of matter from one 
 or both nostrils, enlargement of one or both sub- 
 maxillary glands. When one nostril only is 
 affected, the corresponding gland is almost inva- 
 riably found enlarged. The schneiderian mem- 
 brane (lining of the nose) is generally of a pale 
 or leaden hue, and sometimes ulcerations are 
 visible on its surface. The discharge usually 
 sticks to the nostrils, and is sometimes white and 
 thick, but oftener of a grayish aspect. A dis- 
 charge from the nostrils, and the appearance 
 of ulceration, is not alone sujBBrient to establish 
 the presence of the disease ; for these ulcerations 
 are sometimes produced by the acrid nature 
 of the discharge from catarrh. In the first stage 
 of the disease, there is a discharge from one 
 nostril only of a whitish humor, which is incon- 
 siderable, except when the horse has been exercised 
 for some time. There is an increased redness 
 of the membrane within the nostrils. The swell- 
 ing of the glands under the jaw is on the same 
 side as the affected nostril. The horse's coat 
 appears healthy, and the animal in good condition. 
 
 The symptoms of glanders, arising from com- 
 munication with a glandered horse, are different 
 from those of glanders produced by bad proven- 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 143 
 
 der, excessive exertion, &c. In the former, tlie 
 discharge is from one nostril only, or much more 
 from one than from the other; and there is no 
 cough or other symptom of catarrh or cold, or 
 any other disorder. In the latter, on the con- 
 trary, there is cough, either dry or moist; and it 
 is preceded by loss of appetite, or falling oflf in 
 appetite, and depression of spirits. 
 
 The symptoms of the second stage are, the 
 altered appearance of the nasal discharge, which 
 has become more glutinous, and adheres to the 
 edges of the nostril, with a contraction and par- 
 tial closing of the nostril, with increased tender- 
 ness of the swelling under the jaw, which adheres 
 more closely to the jaw-bone ; the discharge is 
 somewhat streaked with blood, and of an oifen- 
 sive smell. The discharge is now from both nos- 
 trils. There is a slight tumefaction of the under 
 eyelid, a swelling or elevation of the bones of 
 the nose or forehead. Loss of appetite, debility, 
 cough, and swelling of the legs and sheath, and 
 sometimes lameness without any apparent cause, 
 chancres or ulcerations within the nostrils, great 
 tenderness of the glands under the jaw, which 
 now adhere close to the jaw-bone, a small dis- 
 charge of matter from the inner corner of the 
 eye. When these symptoms appear, the disease 
 soon proceeds to a fatal termination. The above 
 symptoms are not all peculiar to glanders, but 
 may occur in strangles, perij^neumony, and pleu- 
 risy. The glutinous discharge, the swelling of 
 the glands under the jaw, and the ulceration 
 
144 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 within the nostrils, are symptoms which occur in 
 the above diseases, as well as in glanders. 
 
 xllthough the disease is here divided into the 
 6rst and second stages, it is not essential that in 
 each case the former should precede the latter, 
 for sometimes the acute only is present, and the 
 horse speedily dies, if not destroyed. In other 
 instances, the acute stage may be succeeded by 
 the sub-acute. ' It may, however, be observed, 
 that the first stage never ends in death, but 
 it is always in the second stage that the disease 
 proves fatal. Besides these stages, glanders 
 sometimes assumes a still more insidious appear- 
 ance, in which the discharge is so slight, and the 
 enlarged gland so trivial, as not only to deceive the 
 ignorant, but often to mislead the well-instructed 
 practitioner. The discharge is thin, and appears 
 no more than a slight increase of the natural 
 discharge, and the sub-maxillary swelling is no 
 larger than a bean, though hard and indurated. 
 Such cases- as these have proved of irreparable 
 injury to many horse proprietors, from the symp- 
 toms not being sufficiently urgent to excite 
 alarm ; and when a veterinary surgeon has given 
 his opinion that such case was one of glanders, 
 there have not been wanting plenty of farriers 
 and others who have altogether contemned such 
 an opinion, and, for a time at least, have exulted 
 over their own superior sagacity. Mr. James 
 Turner relates a striking instance of this, in 
 which his advice was disregarded, and a horse, 
 with these insidious appearances, was allowed to 
 
HORSE-TRAININa MADE EASY. 145 
 
 mix with other horses, to several of which he 
 communicated the disease in the course of a few 
 months. — White's Veterinary Art. 
 
 The most common cause of this disease is the 
 impure air of close, ill-ventilated, damp, and 
 filthy stables, acting inj.uriously upon the organs 
 of respiration, destroying the constitution, de- 
 bilitating the system, rendering it susceptible to 
 the attack of disease. Neglected catarrh, strangles, 
 &c,, sometimes terminate in glanders; hard work 
 and bad provender, together with sudden changes 
 from exposure to cold and wet weather, to hot 
 stables, &c., are likewise regarded as among the 
 causes ; contagion is the most common of all 
 causes, the disease being readily communicated 
 from one animal to another by it. 
 
 " The city of Lyons, France, must always con- 
 tain a great number of glandered horses, on 
 account of the dampness of the situation and 
 climate, and it being a public market for Lv^iscS. 
 The garrison at Lyons generally has its share 
 of this disease. During this year the mildness 
 of the winter, and the heat of the spring and 
 summer, have prevented circumstances less favor- 
 able than usual, to the development of this 
 malady; therefore, with the exception of horses 
 from the garrison, and which had been long kept 
 in the infirmary at the barracks before they were 
 sent to us, we have had very few cases of gland- 
 ers, compared with several preceding years ; yet 
 notwithstanding these favorable circumstances, 
 we are compelled to acknowledge that it has been 
 13 K 
 
146 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 as rebellious to treatment as ever. Our means 
 of cure have always possessed too little power, 
 seeing that when ulceration of the pituitary 
 (of the nose) membrane begins to appear, the 
 lungs and constitution of the animal have under 
 gone a modification which it is difficult to remove. 
 
 " The greater part of the animals that have 
 gone from us, apparently cured of glanders, have 
 speedily relapsed when they have been subjected 
 to hard work, or have been Exposed to neglect or 
 privation." — Extract from the Report of the 
 Veterinary College of LyonSj 1834 and 1835. 
 
 Mr. W. Percival, in his " Hippopathology," 
 gives us the following facts as the result of his 
 own experience : — 
 
 1. " That farcy and glanders, which constitute 
 the same disease, are propagated through the 
 medium of stabling, and this we believe to be 
 the more usual way in which diseases are com- 
 municated from hor^e to horse. 
 
 2. " That infected stabling may harbor and 
 retain the infection for months, or even years ; 
 and although by thoroughly cleansing and mak- 
 ing use of disinfecting means, the contagion may 
 be destroyed, yet it would not be wise to occupy 
 such stables immediately after such supposed or 
 allei2;ed disinfection. 
 
 3. " That the virus, or poison of glanders, may 
 lie for months in a state of incubation in the 
 horse's constitution before the disease breaks 
 out. Of this we have had most positive evidence. 
 
 4. " That when a stable of horses becomes 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 147 
 
 contaminated, the disease often makes fearful 
 ravages among tliem before it quits ; and it is 
 only after a period of several months exemption 
 from all disease of the kind, that a clean bill 
 of health can be rendered." 
 
 FARCY. 
 
 This I regard as an incipient stage of glanders, 
 or as a type of the same fatal malady, and is to a 
 certain extent curable. Experiments prove that 
 the virus from a farcied horse will produce 
 glanders by inoculation in a sound one, and that 
 jhe glandered matter will in like manner produce 
 farcy. There are two distinct varieties or stages 
 of farcy ; one, which is called button farcy, is 
 altogether superficial, being confined to the 
 lymphatic vessels of the skin, and readily yields 
 to medical treatment; the other variety makes 
 its appearance in the extremities, generally upon 
 the inside of the hind-legs, which become com- 
 pletely engorged ; but the swelling is very difi"er- 
 ent from the ligamentary thickening, or from 
 oedema, being very uneven or lumpy, excessively 
 tender, and painful to the touch. Small ab- 
 scesses are formed, which at first discharge a 
 healthy pus, but soon ulcerate, and Jischarge a 
 thin sanious matter. These abscesses first make 
 their appearance on the inside of the hind-legs, 
 and then on the fore ones in like manner ; the 
 neck and lips come next in turn, an.d they may 
 appear in all parts of the body, when glanders 
 will begin to manifest itself 
 
148 HORSE-TRAININO MADE EASY. 
 
 Stonebenge says : '^ Farcy appears to depend 
 upon the development of the same poison as ia 
 glanders ; but the attempt at elimination is mads' 
 in the skin, instead of the mucous membrane 
 lining the nose. A horse inoculated with glan- 
 ders may exhibit farcy, and vice versa'^ 
 
 *' Farcy usually shows itself first by one or two- 
 small hard knots in the skin called ' farcy buds ;' 
 these soon soften and contain a small quantity 
 of pus; but, as this is rapidly absorbed, the 
 lymphatics which convey it into the circulation 
 inflame; and at a short distance another bud is 
 formed, &c. In process of time the general 
 system suffers, as in glanders, and the horse 
 dies, a miserable, worn-out object. No treat- 
 ment can be relied on to cure the disease ; and, 
 as it is equally contagious with glanders, every 
 farcied horse ought at once to be destroyed. 
 The hard nature of the buds, and the thickened 
 lymphatics extending like cords between, clearly 
 make known the nature of the disease.'' 
 
 Glanders Contagious. — This brings us to the 
 more important part of our subject, and places us 
 upon our guard, so as to prevent us as far a» 
 possible o^p.i.sing ourselves to such a calamity. 
 The time whieh glanders appears after inoculation 
 is very uncertain ; it may be a few days, or it may 
 be several months, varying according to circum- 
 s-tances and the condition of the anim.il. Glan- 
 ders has been known to remain dormar«t in the 
 system for a period of two or three years previous 
 to its being developed. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 149 
 
 ^^TJie main cause is contagion. — T now ap 
 proach, gentlemen, not without hesitation, but 
 without fear, the grand cause of Glanders — Con- 
 tagion. I advisedly call it 'the grand cau«e,' 
 for I believe that I shall be able to render it pro- 
 bable that glanders arises oftener from contagion 
 than from any other source. I know that our 
 continental neighbors deny the contagiousness of 
 glanders altogether; but they do not, and can- 
 not deny that the disease does follow contact, and 
 often mere proximity of situation. When they 
 tell me that it is not the disease that is commu- 
 nicated, but a mere predisposition, a greater 
 aptitude in the frame generally, or some part of 
 it, to be alFected by the usual causes of glanders, 
 I cannot but regard this as the merest quibbling. 
 I take the broad fact, that a glandered horse 
 being inadvertently admitted into a stable, some 
 of his companions, after awhile, become glandered 
 too. The stable had previously, and for many 
 years — nay, from the very time of its erection — 
 been free from the disease, and no alteration, 
 whatever, has taken place in the system of 
 management : a glandered horse finds his way 
 thither, in a few months the whole team is 
 glandered. When in the face of this, a person 
 tells me that it was not the disease which was 
 communicated, but a facility of being acted upon 
 by certain agents, I regard it as a species of quib- 
 bling, un'^orthy of a scientific pathologist ; and 
 I deprecate the injury which may be done to the 
 ugricultural community by the broad assertion, 
 13* 
 
150 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 thus ridiculously and falsely explained, that 
 glanders is not contagious. One point, however, 
 is established, I think, — that glanders is far more 
 contagious than many have supposed ; Mr. 
 Turner's mare destroyed four of her companions. 
 The poor Widow at Paddington had her stable 
 perfectly emptied by the disease ; and I will ven- 
 ture to say, that there is not a district throughout 
 the kingdom, in which some farmer, by the loss 
 of a considerable proportion, or the greater part 
 of his team, has not had sufficient proof of the 
 contagiousness of glanders. The cause of this 
 doubt with regard to the frequent communication 
 of the disease by inoculation, seems to have arisen 
 from ignorance of its insidious nature. When 
 glanders appears, and the horse has, for several 
 weeks or months, scarcely been exposed to the 
 possibility of contagion, it has at once been con- 
 cluded that the disease was generated in him by 
 some assigned or unknown recent cause. It has 
 now, however, been proved to us that the disease 
 may exist and may be communicated to others, 
 when, for many months, there has been nothing 
 to excite suspicion in the mind of the groom or 
 the owner; and when the candid veterinary sur- 
 geon acknowledges, that, had not the circum- 
 stances been pointed out to him, it would probably 
 have escaped his observation. The truth of the 
 matter is then, that every horse that passes 
 through a fair, or is baited at an inn, or even 
 travels the common public road, may be infected 
 without the rider^s or owner's knowledge oi 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 151 
 
 elightest suspicion. A glandered stallion neighed 
 at a mare that was separated from him by a 
 double hedge and a deep lane ; the virus was 
 wafted across by the wind, and she became dis- 
 eased, and died. It is impossible for any one to 
 say, except there be some plain and manifest 
 cause for the generation of the disease, that any 
 horse did not receive it by infection. There 
 would be a degree of presumption in the assertion 
 which the calm inquirer after truth should not 
 display. The opinion of our ancestors, from time 
 out of date, had taught us to beware of glanders 
 as a contagious as well as a fatal disease. Let us 
 not, without incontestable proof, abandon that 
 which for ages was never doubted. There is not 
 a circumstance that has been productive of half 
 so much loss to the agriculturist, and the pro- 
 prietor of horses, as this too frequently and too 
 positively repeated assertion of the non-con- 
 tagiousness of glanders. Many thousands of 
 pounds would not cover the annual loss. A case 
 occurred about two years ago, and not a very 
 great way from this metropolis. A gentleman 
 had a team of farm-horses, almost unrivalled for 
 activity and strength. One of them exhibited 
 symptoms of incipient glanders. A newly arrived 
 young veterinarian was consulted as to the pro- 
 priety of preventing all further mischief, and 
 cutting short the affair, by destroying the dis- 
 eased animal. 'Oh! by no means,' said he; 
 'there is not the danger about glanders which 
 some foolish people imagine; you well ventilate 
 
152 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 your stables, and let there be no animal poison 
 lurking there from air that has been breathed 
 over and over again, and I v^ill answer for it, 
 your other horses are safe enough; there is not 
 one horse in a thousand that catches glanders/ 
 The gentleman was somewhat surprised, and ex- 
 pressed a little doubt about the matter; but, the 
 young theorist producing chapter and verse in 
 elucidation of his point, he suffered himself to be 
 over-persuaded ; and in less than a twelvemonth 
 he had not a sound horse upon his farm," — 
 Youaifs Lectures at the University of London^ 
 1832. 
 
 The glanders is a disease of the horse tribe, com- 
 municable to man and other animals. It is chiefly 
 manifested by unhealthy suppuration of the mu- 
 cous membrane of the nasal cavities, and pustular 
 eruptions on the' skin, and unhealthy abscesses 
 in the lymphatic system. — .Druiifs Surgery. 
 
 The instant that there is any appearance of it, 
 the horse should be immediately removed to a 
 place by itself, as this malady is exceedingly 
 infectious ; and from want of due caution, when 
 even a suspicion is entertained, the most dis 
 astrous consequences have been the result.— 
 JBroivn's Farriery. 
 
 Glanders. — A disease in horses, attended 
 with a copious discharge of mucus from the nose. 
 It is needless to endeavor to describe the various 
 attempts which have been made to cure this 
 almost invariably fatal disorder. But the farmer 
 must avoid a common error of coufoundiug ulcer- 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 153 
 
 ation of the membrane of the nose with glanders 
 for the symptoms are very similar The farmer 
 will do well, as soon as he finds a horse attacked 
 with this disease, to place him by himself, give him 
 green food, and thoroughly whitewash the stable 
 from which he is taken, for it is a most con- 
 tagious disease. — American Farmer's Encyclo- 
 pedia. 
 
 Two thorough-bred colts, yearlings, that had 
 never been broke or put into a stable, were af- 
 fected with the glanders to a violent degree. It 
 was considered by the proprietor as a very ex- 
 traordinary circumstance that having never been 
 kept with any other horse, these colts should have 
 been attacked with the disease. On inquiry, 
 however, the author found that a canal ran on the 
 side of the field in which these colts were kept, 
 and that upon one occasion, some boatmen had 
 been detected in turning their horses to graze in 
 the same field; and hence a very fair presumption 
 arose that the contagion was communicated in 
 that way. — Lawrence. 
 
 That the glanders is contagious, has been 
 clearly and indisputably proved by numerous ex- 
 periments, and the manner in which it is propa- 
 gated has Hkewise been satisfactorily demon- 
 strated. The great number of horses that have 
 been destroyed by glanders, especially in the 
 army, and in the establishments where great 
 numbers of horses are kept, has excited, particular 
 attention to the subject, especially in France and 
 Italy, where manv attempts were made in the be- 
 
154 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EABY. 
 
 ginning of tlie last century to discover a remed5 
 for it. — Skeavington. 
 
 "It is a remarkable circumstance," says Mr. 
 White, " that glanders cannot be communicated 
 by applying the matter which is discharged from 
 the nose of a glandered horse to t-he nostrils of a 
 sound one, unless there be an open wound or 
 sore, even though a piece of lint, soaked in the 
 matter, be put up the nostrils, and kept in contact 
 with the pituitary membrane for a short time ; or 
 even if the matter be thrown up the nostrils with 
 a syringe. But, if the smallest quantity of mat- 
 ter be applied in the way of inoculation, either 
 to the membrane of the nostrils, or to any part of 
 the body, a glanderous ulcer will be produced, 
 from which farcy buds and corded lymphatics 
 will proceed. After a few weeks the poison will 
 get into the circulation, and the horse will be 
 completely glandered. The circumstance of 
 glanders not being communicated by applying 
 matter to the nostril, enables us to account for a 
 horse escaping the disorder, as he sometimes 
 does, after being put into a glandered stable, or 
 standing by the side of a glandered horse. I am 
 inclined to believe that the disarder is more 
 readily caught by eating the glanderous matter 
 mixed with oats or hay, than by drinking it with 
 water, as in the former case it is so intimately 
 mixed with the food in mastication. M. St. Bell 
 placed two sound horses by a glandered horse, 
 drinking out of the same pail, and eating out of 
 the same manger. One of the sound horses was 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 155 
 
 six years old, and just taken from grass ; the 
 other nine years old, and taken from regular 
 work. The first showed evident signs of glanders 
 at the expiration of thirty-four days ; it fi> ly 
 declared itself in the second at the end of six 
 weeks." 
 
 John G-amgee, Professor in the Edinburgh 
 Veterinary College, says : " Horses undoubtedly 
 affected with this dreadful malady should be de- 
 stroyed as soon as the disease is satisfactorily 
 diagnosed. Various mineral tonics have been 
 vaunted as specifics, but we cannot couceive on 
 what principle animals should be allowed to live, 
 endangering the life of those around them, with 
 no benefit to themselves. 
 
 "A glandered horse may contaminate the air 
 of a stable to such a degree, that horses breath- 
 ing the same air may become infected with the 
 disease, although the infected may never come in 
 contact with the infecting horse. Fortunately 
 glanders is not so infectious as some other dis- 
 eases to which horses are liable, otherwise the 
 breed would soon become extinct." — Veterma- 
 Q'ian, 1833. 
 
 " Glanders. — We have had about the same 
 number of glandered horses as in the last year; 
 and we must repeat, that in spite of all the care 
 that has been bestowed upon them, and the strict 
 attention which has been paid to the adminis- 
 tration of medicines the most likely to have a 
 good effect, and the power of which has been 
 vaunted by others, we are not able to relate a 
 
156 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 single case of the complete cure of glanders. 
 Seven horses were returned to their owners ap- 
 parently cured — all the recognisable symptoms 
 of the disease had disappeared ; six of fhem were, 
 after some months, returned to us more decidedly 
 glandered than they were before ; they were de- 
 stroyed. The seven'th has now been away three 
 months ; but we reckon upon seeing him again 
 about the same time as the others, and in the 
 same state as that in which they returned." — 
 From the proceedinys of the Yetei'hiary College^ 
 Alfort, France, 1833-4. 
 
 " Acute Glanders. — MM. Renault and Bow- 
 ley have continued their researches on this dis- 
 ease. An inquiry into the nature of this malady, 
 its symptoms, and, more especially, its contagious 
 property, has acquired increasing interest since 
 its transmissibility from the horse to the human 
 being has been lately proved in so many instances. 
 MM. Renault and Rowley have arrived at the 
 following results : Acute glanders is contagious 
 by inoculation from horse to horse Every ex- 
 periment of the last and the present year has 
 given this positive constant result. Without a 
 single exception, the symptoms of the infection 
 of glanders have appeared in the inoculated 
 animals from the tbird to the fifth day, and death 
 has ensued between the tenth and fifteenCh dayy." 
 — Veterinarian. 
 
 In the year 1861, my attention was called to 
 seventeen horses, the property of Mr. E. K. B., 
 of Felton^ Delaware, who, some six months pre- 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 157 
 
 vious, had purchased a horse at the horse-auction 
 in Philadelphia. This animal was supposed to 
 have a slight attack of what is commonly called 
 " distemper." In a short time some of Mr. B/s 
 other horses showed symptoms of the same dis- 
 ease, several of which died. Mr. B., becoming 
 alarmed at his repeated losses, called in my assist- 
 ance. I found (if my memory serves me right) 
 five of the seventeen horses glandered, three 
 of which I ordered killed. The others which 
 had not shown symptoms of disease, I ordered to 
 be at once removed from the stable, so as to pre- 
 vent all possible communication between them 
 and those in which the disease was not fully 
 developed. Mr. B. loaned Mr. H., a neighbor, 
 one of his horses to work in a lumber team ; 
 soon after which the disease made its appearance 
 in Mr. H.'s stock of ten horses. My attention 
 was called to these animals, also, several of whict 
 I found laboring from the same fatal malady 
 Two of these animals in which the disease was 
 fully developed I ordered killed. Removing my 
 residence from Philadelphia to Bordentown, N. 
 J., about this time, I lost sight of these cases, 
 and have not since heard from them. 
 
 Soon after the present rebellion broke out, one 
 *of my old customers, Mr. H., who kept a livery- 
 stable in Cherry street, Philadelphia, was doing a 
 thriving business, and having a number of the 
 finest horses in the city kept there. Two armv 
 horses were put up for the night at that stable. No 
 appearance of disease was observed about them 
 14 
 
158 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 One of these horses occupied a stall near to that 
 occupied by Dr. L.'s horse, which was valued at 
 $300. Soon Siruer this visit, Dr. L.'s horse showed 
 evidence of ozena, which rapidly degenerated into 
 glanders; the animal was killed. Case No. 2, 
 valued at $500, the property of Mr. D., fell a 
 victim to this fatal disease, and was also killed. 
 Case 3, valued at $300, belonging to Mr. B., 
 also became glandered and was destroyed; to- 
 gether with six other animals, all valuable and 
 highly prized by their owners. This calamity 
 fell heavily on Mr. H., who in consequence was 
 compelled to relinquish the business for some 
 other occupation. This stable has since been 
 torn out, the walls picked, remodelled, and it is 
 once more in successful operation, with new 
 stock and a new proprietor, who it is to be hoped 
 will meet with better fortune. 
 
 In 1854, when inspector of the Philadelphia 
 Mutual Live-Stock Insurance Co., I was called 
 to examine a fine gray horse belonging to Mr. W., 
 of the Western Exchange Hotel, recently insured 
 for $300, which policy had just expired. Mr. 
 W. asserted that the animal had only a slight 
 cold, but was getting better : on examining the 
 animal, however, I pronounced him glandered, 
 which the owner was loth to believe : in order to 
 satisfy him of the correctness of my diagnosis, I 
 called in T. J. Corbyn and the late W. W. Fra- 
 ley, veterinary surgeons, both of whom confirmed 
 my opinion. Mr. W., not wishing to destroy 
 the norse, desired me to experiment with him in 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 159 
 
 oi^er, if possible, to save his life. S)me tw(. 
 Weeks subsequently, a farmer stopping at the 
 hotel, supposing himself well acquainted with 
 such diseases, offered Mr. W. $75 for the horse, 
 asserting at the same time that it was only the 
 distemper that ailed him, and he could cure any 
 horse of that disease. Mr. W. immediately con- 
 sulted me in regard to the propriety of selling 
 the horse : my advice was, under the circum- 
 stances, to clear himself of all responr.ibility. 
 The result was the horse was sold. Some six 
 months later, I learned that the horse was dead, 
 together with two other animals belonging to the 
 same unfortunate purchaser. 
 
 Sometime last spring, Mr. P., residing near 
 Pemberton, New Jersey, purchased a horse which 
 showed, as he thought, symptoms of "distemper;" 
 for some reason or other, Mr. P. did not keep 
 this animal long, but sold him to a Mr. J., re- 
 siding some two miles distant. Soon after Mr. 
 P. parted with this animal, he sent another horse 
 belonging to him to me for examination which 
 had been previously treated for nasal gleet. 
 This animal I unhesitatingly pronounced glan- 
 dered, and recommended his destruction ; the 
 animal, however, died in a few days, since which 
 time another of Mr. P.'s horses has shown symp- 
 toms of the same disease. Subsequently I was 
 called to see the horses belonging to Mr. .7., who 
 had lost three animals since the purchase of Mr. 
 P.'s horse, and had two more sick with the same 
 fatal disease, all of which had been treated in 
 
160 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 the same manner as were those of Mr. P. I 
 found these animals also glandered, and ordered 
 one of them to be killed ; the other died, making 
 seven animals thus far inoculated by one glan- 
 dered horse. These eases show the necessity 
 existing for competent veterinary surgeons who 
 have been regularly educated in the same manner 
 as are human medical practitioners. 
 
 In my private correspondence with veterinary 
 surgeons, I learn that glanders is rapidly spread- 
 ing all over the country. Dr. Isaiah Michener, 
 of Bucks county, Pa., writes to me as follows : 
 " I have just returned from a trip to see two 
 cases of laryngitis, accompanied with enlarge- 
 ment of the sub-maxillary gland, and adhesive- 
 ness of the matter discharged from the nose, 
 that led me to suspect that glanders might have 
 been lying dormant in the system, until provoked 
 to a development by the above disease ; but more 
 anon. One other case seen to-day was bought at 
 a sale of condemned government horses ; he is dis- 
 charging freely from both nostrils ; no enlarge- 
 ment of the glands or evidence of the schneiderian 
 membrane being affected j still I consider that 
 glanders is lurking in his system, in the form 
 of tubercles in the lungs. I was called last 
 
 spring to see a case of glanders that a Mr. 
 
 had been treating f )r several weeks, telling the 
 owner at every visit that there was no glanders 
 about the horse, and he would cure him. The 
 case was well defined, and no man who knows 
 anything about the symptoms of glanders could 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 161 
 
 for a moment be in doubt. This week T was 
 called to see anjDther case, also an army horse, 
 treated by the same party for three months, 
 assuring the owner that there was no danger, as 
 he did not have the glanders, because the dis- 
 charge was from the right nostril, together with 
 other say saes equally absurd. Ihe owner, 
 strangely impressed with the idea of glanders, 
 removed the animal from his other stock, not- 
 withstanding his professional adviser assured 
 him there was no danger, and that he was un- 
 necessarily cautious. 
 
 " I was called last week to see a horse which 
 the owner said had the distemper, but on exami- 
 nation I found it was glanders, which the owner 
 was very unwilling to believe, and insisted that 
 I should give him medicine. This horse was 
 also from the army." 
 
 Gr. W. Bowler, veterinary surgeon, Cincinnati, 
 informs me that glanders is spreading at a fearful 
 rate since the sale of government horses in that 
 vicinity. 
 
 T. B. Rayner, veterinary surgeon, of Chest- 
 nut Hill, Philadelphia, informs me that many- 
 cases have recently come under his notice. 
 
 On passing up Filbert street, Philadelphia, the 
 other day, in company with B. McClure, Y. S., 
 and several of the students of the Veterinary 
 College, my attention was attracted to an army 
 horse belonging to the 20th cavalry regiment : 
 this animal had tetanus (locked jaw) in its worst 
 form ; tied to the same past was another animal 
 14* L 
 
162 HORSE-TRAININQ MADE EASY. 
 
 badly affected witli farcy glanders — that is, the 
 two stages of glanders combined. These horses 
 were waiting; their turn to be shod at a shoeing' 
 shop in the neighborhood. In close proximity 
 to these animals were some ten or a dozen other 
 horses, the owners of which were perfectly inno- 
 cent of the danger in which their animals were 
 placed. Qualified veterinary surgeons in the 
 army would prevent all such occurrences. The 
 horse with locked jaw cannot be used for any 
 purpose, and it would not be a matter of surprise 
 if he did not reach his camp. 
 
 I have condemned several horses as glandered 
 during the last few months, some of which were 
 afterwards sold, with, of course, a guilty know- 
 ledge, to other parties innocent of the nature 
 of the disease. Such men should be held re- 
 sponsible by law for all damage resulting from 
 Buch a sale. Did these parties know the weight 
 of the responsibility which rests upon them, they 
 would not for a few paltry dollars sacrifice the 
 property and often the lives of their fellow-men. 
 
 R. McClure, V. S., says : "■ The symptoms of 
 glanders are to be studied, not with a view to its 
 cuBC, which is at all times dangerous to attempt, 
 as there is the risk of contagion to him who 
 attempts it; but with a view of ascertaining and 
 diagnosing truly that it is glanders, that being 
 all that can repay for the trouble, in order that 
 the animal be destroyed at once, as it is not fit 
 to live upon the face of the earth, with contami- 
 natio-n followinej in its wake. 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 163 
 
 BEWARE OF GLANDERED HORSES. 
 
 There is one point upon which we desire to 
 caution our readers — a point which we deem all- 
 important, and which, we trust, will challenge 
 their earnest and prompt consideration. As 
 rapidly as army horses, whether from disease or 
 accident, become unfit for service, they are put 
 up at auction and sold to the highest bidder. As 
 the prices obtained for them are not large, many 
 farmers are induced to make purchases. It is 
 now a well-established fact, that that most loath- 
 some, contagious, and fatal disease, the glanders, 
 prevails to a large extent among the army horses, 
 and that, of those already sold, a great many 
 have been afflicted with it. These glandered 
 animals have been distributed through every 
 section of the country, and it is a notorious fact 
 that there are now ten cases of this dangerous 
 disease among our farm-horses, where there was 
 a single one two years since. What is to be 
 done in such a case? Shall this introduction 
 of a most pestilent disease be permitted to go 
 on ? If it be, we may confidently look forward 
 to the almost complete extermination of our 
 horses ; for the facility with which the disease 
 communicates itself from one animal to another, 
 and the speedy and fatal termination of the dis- 
 ease, where it is the result of contagion, point to 
 no other result. The government should at 
 once take this matter in hand, and remedy the 
 crying evil, by ordering the immediate killing 
 of every glandered horse in the army. — CulHirist. 
 
164 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 GLANDERED HORSES. 
 
 Written for the " National Union," by G. W. Bowler, Veterinarj 
 * Surgeon, Cincinnati. 
 
 In consequence of tlie many reports received 
 of the increased number of glandered horses in 
 various parts of the United States, it becomes 
 our duty to make some inquiries as to the cause 
 of such a malignant and fatal disease, as well as 
 to use such measures as will mitigate it. I have 
 no doubt but that it can be accounted for in the 
 following manner: We are well aware of the bad 
 treatment which the horses belonging to the army 
 receive, not only in the manner in which they 
 are stabled, but in the feeding of the animal ; 
 and where a large number of horses are crowded 
 together, without any regard to cleanliness or 
 protection from the cold and wet, disease in some 
 form must necessarily ensue. Thousands of 
 valuable animals are annually being sacrificed in 
 the United States army, through ignorance, which 
 might otherwise have been saved, was there but 
 some little system adopted to prevent it; but, 
 where hundreds of animals are crowded together^ 
 regardless of proper shelter from the weather, 
 and under the control of persons who know little, 
 if anything, about the proper care of horses, why, 
 nothing short of disease of a malignant character 
 can be expected. The very plan to propagate 
 such diseases as glanders and farcy is daily 
 practised among horses of the United States 
 Army ; for it is well known by all medical men, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 165 
 
 that undue exposure to the weather, transition 
 from heat to cold, improper feeding, uncleanli- 
 ness, and bad ventilation, are the very means to 
 bring about such diseases as glanders, farcy, and 
 other diseases of a debilitating character. 
 
 One day the animals, as I have been informed 
 by persons in the Grovernment service, will have 
 more food placed before them than they can pos- 
 sibly consume, and probably for several days 
 previous they have been on the verge of starva- 
 tion, eager to devour almost anything withii 
 their reach, not excepting the fences they were 
 tied to. How then can anything else be expected, 
 but a great many of them will die from disease of 
 the bowels or stomach ? 
 
 Catarrhal affections are very naturally to be 
 expected amongst a large number of horses ex- 
 posed to the various changes of the weather ; but 
 do not a great many of these affections, for want 
 of proper treatment, run into glanders ? That 
 they do, I have not the shadow of a doubt ; but 
 as the government does not employ competent 
 persons to examine the horses regularly, why the 
 disease runs on ; the glandered horse coming in 
 contact with his associates transfers it to them, 
 and thus the disease is spread throughout the 
 camp. Furthermore than this, not only are the 
 horses in danger of communicating the disease 
 to their own species, but are in danger of trans- 
 ferring the disease to the persons who have 
 charge of them, and who little know the fearful 
 risk they are incurring, of becoming inoculated 
 
1G6 HORSE-TRAINIKG MADE EASY. 
 
 by the poisonous matter. A simple scratch on 
 the hand, should a portion of the glanded matter 
 come in contact with it, would be sufficient to 
 inoculate a person, the result of which would be, 
 a most terrible death. 
 
 For the special benefit of such persons as may 
 be employed about the Government horses, I will 
 give a brief account of the nature, cause, and 
 diagnosis of glanders, in order to put the inex- 
 perienced on their guard. Glanders is a disease 
 of a most loathsome and malignant character, 
 occurring far more frequently in the horse than 
 any other animal ; still I am inclined to believe 
 that it rages with far more violence when com- 
 municated to the ass or mule, than it does even 
 in the horse. Another important fact in regard 
 to the loathsome disease, and which ought always 
 to be borne in mind by those employed about 
 stables, where the disease is likely to exist, is 
 that it is not confined to the equine species, but 
 is readily communicated to the human being. 
 The only domestic animals which appear to be 
 free from contamination are the ox and the sheep, 
 which do not appear to take the disease even by 
 inoculation. 
 
 GLANDERS IN THE HUMAN BEING. 
 
 The path of propriety and of duty evidently is 
 to put the farmer and horse-proprietor on their 
 guard. The experience of every age, and I would 
 say of every mnn who has seen country practice, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 167 
 
 teaches him that a glandered horse can rarely 
 remain long among sound ones without serious 
 mischief ensuing. It is affirmed that glanders is 
 communicated to the human being. That a 
 loathsome and fatal disease results from inocu- 
 lation with the matter of glanders is undoubted : 
 I am aware, indeed, of one case which goes a 
 great way towards establishing the identity of the 
 disease. One of the feeders in the Badsworth 
 hunt cut himself while preparing a farcied leo- 
 for the hounds; he died within a week. A day 
 or two before his death an ass was inoculated with 
 the matter from some of the sores that broke out 
 about him, and died, evidently glandered. — 
 Youatfs Lectures. 
 
 A man aged twenty-three was admitted into 
 St. Thomas's Hospital; he complained of much 
 pain in the head and became delirious, to miti- 
 gate which, leeches were applied to the forehead; 
 he then spoke of wandering and acute pains 
 everywhere, indicating some rheumatic affection; 
 a tumor appeared upon the hand and another on 
 the foot, seemingly of a gangrenous nature; the 
 pain in the head would again return attended by 
 delirium, so that he was compelled to be strapped 
 on his bed; and all the while his flesh was wasting 
 and his strength diminishing. On questioning 
 the poor fellow, it was ascertained that he had 
 had a glandered horse under his care a month 
 before, and that the discharge from the nose had 
 come upon his hands. The case was now suf- 
 ficiently plain; but the patient was too far gone 
 
168 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 to admit of the slightest hope. Previous to his 
 death he said, "I am dying, I shall die soon, 
 but I shall die happy; — I know now I am glan- 
 dered — I shall die as my horses do — I shall die 
 happy." — Veterinarian, 1833. 
 
 A case is mentioned in the '•'' Lancet" of 1834, 
 of a Mr. Norbrook, who punctured* a blister on 
 his knee with a lance with which he had pre- 
 viously been bleeding a horse ; some of the blood 
 remained on the blade, from this he was inocu- 
 lated, and died a horrid death. 
 
 " This school has, in the year just expiring, 
 added another mournful case to those previously 
 recorded in the hospitals of the biped, of the 
 communication of glanders to the human being." 
 —Alfort College Record, 1838. 
 
 Dr. Barham, of Truro, reports a case of glan- 
 ders in the " Veterinarian'" of 1840, in the per- 
 son of Joseph Pascoe, aged 22, resulting in death. 
 
 A young man named P. Kelley, aged twenty, 
 was admitted into Richmond hospital on the 26th 
 August 1838. On admission his face presented 
 that peculiar aspect which is so characteristic of 
 glanders; the left half was very much swollen, 
 tense, and shining, the redness fading away 
 gradually and becoming lost in the surrounding 
 integuments. He stated that he had always been 
 healthy, and when questioned as to the nature of 
 his occupation, said that he had been employed 
 for the last four months in attending horses that 
 were glandered ; he did not recollect that he had 
 a wound or sore on either hand; he had not 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 169 
 
 drank out of any vessel used by the horses, nor 
 had he slept in the stable. He died on the 29th. 
 — Dublin Journal of Medical Science, 1841. 
 
 Mr. Rocher, medical student at the hospital of 
 Necker, was charged with the dressing of a< 
 patient affected, first, with chronic farcy, and 
 subsequently with acute glanders, under which 
 he died. In a few days Mr. Rocher showed 
 evidences of the disease, and died glandered, six- 
 teen days from the commencement of the disease. 
 — Lancet, 1841. 
 
 In the latter pjirt of May I was requested to 
 see Andrew Foot, aged thirty-six, who presented 
 all the symptoms of glanders. I could not dis- 
 cover any appearances of his having been inocu- 
 lated, but having seen a glandered horse some 
 time since^ and thinking the above unfortunate 
 case so much resembled that of this horse, I was 
 induced to inquire of the owner whether ther« 
 was anything the matter with either of his 
 horses, when he told me that one of them was 
 laid up with a bad cold. On examining the ani- 
 oaal it proved to be a decided case of glanders, 
 f he horse died in ten days afterwards ; Mr. Foot 
 died also. — Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 In the hospitals at Paris, according to the ac- 
 counts of the medical journals, the cases of glan- 
 tJers among m-en have been less frequent than in 
 awj preceding yean^. bidon, a veterinary sur- 
 geon, published a paper in France, in which h-e 
 stated that glanders 'WLis transmissible from the 
 horse io man, causing- the worst kinds of ulcers. 
 15 
 
170 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 Pie mentions an instance in which a horse wag 
 aiFected by the disease from a farrier who had a 
 glandered sore on his hand, which came in con- 
 tact with the animal while he was giving it a 
 ball. The man and the horse both died with the 
 disease. 
 
 A groom, named Provostj slept in a stable at 
 Paris, occupied by a glandered horse. Some 
 days after the death of the animal Provost was 
 attacked with the same disease and died. 
 
 Mr. Hamerton, surgeon to the Castle-town Dis- 
 pensary, has placed upon record three cases of 
 acute glanders in the human subject, all running 
 the same course, and terminating fatally, and all 
 traceable to the same cause, i. e., contagion from 
 a diseased horse. — Veterinarian, 1843. 
 
 A vine-grower, in drenching a glandered horse, 
 was bitten on the cheek ; fifteen days after he 
 died glandered. — Vet. 1844. 
 
 The patient, whom I saw several times during 
 the progress of the malady, was Thomas Whit- 
 taker, whose case was clearly one of inoculation. 
 The poor fellow was bald-headed, and received a 
 slight scratch on his sealp which cost him hia 
 life. He recollected wiping the perspiration off his 
 head with his dirty hands ; and as the scratch in 
 his scalp first showed the true character of a farcy 
 ulcer, there can be little doubt as to the inocula- 
 tion having taken place at the time of skinning 
 the farcied horse. He survived the inoculatioo 
 twenty-one days. Robert Pick, an old, faithful, 
 and I believe, valued, servant to the gentlemao 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 171 
 
 who owned the farcied pony, was the subject of 
 the second lamentable case, which is considered 
 one of infection; and the infection is supposed 
 to have been conveyed by the fetid breath of the 
 animal, while the poor man was in the act of 
 giving some mucilage of linseed to the pony a 
 few hours before his death. A few hours after 
 the death of the pony, Dick complained of being 
 unwell, and of having pain in his knee. At first 
 the pain was regarded as rheumatism, but ulti- 
 mately proved to be that of farcy, as that disease 
 showed itself in its true character and virulence, 
 which ended the suffering patient's life on the 
 twenty-second day after he had inhaled the fetid 
 breath of the animal. — Vet. 1846. 
 
 " Within the last quarter two veterinary sur- 
 geons — one residing in Walworth, and the other 
 in Wolverhampton — are reported as having died 
 from inoculation of glanders. This terrible dis- 
 ease is not often seen in Scotland, but very fre- 
 quently in England, and still more so in Ireland. 
 From the latter circumstance, the malady is often 
 found to be imported about the west coast of 
 Scotland. London has always been renowned 
 for the prevalence of glanders among omnibus, 
 cab, and other horses. A very strict supervision 
 is maintained, and all glandered horses are des- 
 troyed when discovered; but nevertheless, we 
 can state on good authority that the omnibus 
 horses of London have suffered very severely 
 from this disease, and do so still. The partial 
 measures adopted by companies are not sufficient 
 
172 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 to eradicate it, and tlie '^glandered night team" 
 is not altogether a thing of the past. The danger 
 to human life is so great that we feel happy to 
 seize an opportunity to urge the adoption of the 
 most effectual measures for the suppression of 
 any practice which tends to prolong the life of 
 the glandered horse.'' 
 
 Another case, as published in the Herald of 
 Reform^" is as follows: — 
 
 '' Mr. J. Burns, a grocer, in Baltim,ore, died a 
 horrid death in that city, a few days ago, in con- 
 sequence of poison communicated to his system 
 from a horse afflicted with glanders. During the 
 administration of medicine Mr. B. thrust into the 
 animal's mouth his hand, a finger of which had 
 been previously cut, and the flesh laid open. 
 Through this wound the virus was absorbed, and 
 mortification supervened. A surgeon was called 
 upon to amputate the diseased member. Per- 
 ceiving, however, that the poison had penetrated 
 to every portion of the unfortunate man's system, 
 he declined performing the operation, and stated 
 that no earthly skill could save his life. After 
 lingering in great agony, death closed the scene. 
 
 Still Another — Death of a Russian 
 Lady from Glanders. — The awful death of 
 Madame Palesikoff, one of the most charming 
 amongst all that bevy of charming Russian ladies 
 who sometimes gladden the winters of Paris, has 
 created a terrible shock amongst the circles she 
 so lately embellished by her presence. The un- 
 happy lady left Paris but a short time ago, on a 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 173 
 
 Bummer tour to Germany. While stepping from 
 the door of the opera-house in Berlin, to gain 
 her carriage, she let fall one of her bracelets close 
 to the pavement. Stooping to pick it up, she 
 noticed at the time, laughingly, that "one of the 
 horses belonging' to a carriage standing at hand, 
 dropped his head so close to her face, that he had 
 touched her, and left a moist kiss upon her 
 cheek. ^' In a few days the unfortunate lady was 
 taken ill with that most horrible disease, glan- 
 ders, and in a few day more breathed her last, in 
 spite of the attendance of the first physicians 
 of Berlin, and every resource to be obtained by 
 wealth, or by the ceaseless vigilance of friends. 
 — Court Journal. 
 
 In March, 1853, a messenger named Meignan, 
 of the commune of Chemilli, consulted a quack 
 by the name of Moyne about a discharge aifect- 
 ing one of his horses. Moyne, who passed in 
 the country as formerly a pupil of the veterinary 
 school at Alfort, and even assumed in his prac- 
 tice the title of veterinary surgeon, declared, after 
 having examined Meignan's horse, that he was 
 affected with " strangles," but that Meignan 
 might use him and treat him without any risk 
 of harm, and that he would answer for his re- 
 covery. 
 
 Meignan, equally simple and confiding, followed 
 this dangerous advice. He made use of his horse, 
 treated and groomed him according to the instruc- 
 tions given — in fact-, was too faithful an executor 
 of the prescriptions of a man in whom he had 
 15* 
 
174 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 placed his confidence : he would daily wipe the 
 nostrils of the horse clean with his pocket hand- 
 kerchief, lest he might be found fault with by 
 the authorities of the villages he was necessitated 
 to pass through. Such care became to him fatal. 
 On the 7th of April, this unfortunate messenger 
 fell a victim to the effects of the farcino-glander- 
 ous attack contracted from his horse. Some daya 
 after his death, M. Pangoue, veterinary surgeon, 
 called in by the authority, pronounced that the 
 horse of this unfortunate man was affected with 
 acute glanders, and recommended accordingly his 
 immediate destruction. Our brethren, MM. Pan- 
 goue and Bresson, communicated to us this fact, 
 as another proof of the danger of empiricism. 
 
 In mentioning a similar case where two horses 
 were glandered, M. Pangoue says: ''For the 
 last fortnight these horses had been treated by 
 the proprietor himself, who, in the course of that 
 time, contracted the glanders in spite of all the 
 precautions I had strongly urged him to take, 
 not doubting but that he exposed himself to great 
 risks. Notwithstanding one could not positively 
 assert the channel through which contagion had 
 taken place, it was very easy to suppose what the 
 contagious agent was, and how the glandered 
 virus had operated. However incomplete this 
 case may be deemed, especially as far as con- 
 cerns the unfortunate subject of contagion, do 
 not similar details to those I have just related, 
 exist in abundance, and prove in a most undeni- 
 able manner that human nature enjoys the sad 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 175 
 
 prerogative of contracting, through inoculation, 
 a disease so terrible among our domestic animals, 
 and one which veterinary science has designated 
 under the name of glanders. — Rec. de Med. Vet. 
 de Sep. 1854. 
 
 In man it is generally produced through in- 
 oculation of the matter into a wound. Whether 
 it can be contracted by infection, through the 
 ■ miasmata arising from it, without actual contact 
 of the matter, is not yet quite decided. There 
 are, however, some grounds for believing that this 
 disease is occasionally propagated by infection in 
 the horse; and that the effluvia are capable of com- 
 municating some form of malignant fever, although 
 not true glanders, to the human subject. But the 
 matter from the abscesses or nasal cavities of hu- 
 man beings is capable of communicating the 
 disease both to men and animals. A man died 
 of glanders in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in 
 1840, and the nurse who attended him inoculated 
 her hand, and died of it also in a few days; and 
 two kittens, which were inoculated from the 
 nurse, became affected likewise. Moreover, the 
 blood of a glandered horse injected into the veins 
 of a healthy one, communicated the disease, 
 although no abnormal appearance could be de- 
 tected in it by the microscope. — D mitt's Surgery. 
 
 " An inquest was opened at the Guildhall, 
 Bath, on Friday evening, September 26th, by 
 A. H. English, Esq., the city coroner, on the 
 body of a boy who died from glanders." — Veleri- 
 naridn, 1862. 
 
176 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 Death from Glanders. — A blacksmith, 
 named Greorge Spence, residing at Aunadarragh, 
 and aged about forty years, was admitted into 
 tbe County Infirmary on the 27th May last, suffer- 
 ing from glanders. Notwithstanding all the 
 efforts of medical skill, the unfortunate man 
 expired on the 7th ult. This loathsome disease 
 must have been communicated to the deceased 
 by some horse which he was shoeing. As it is 
 now well known that glanders is incurable, ani- 
 mals infected with the disease should be des- 
 troyed as soon as the first symptoms are mani- 
 fested. — Yeterinary Review^ 1862. 
 
 From time to time, cases of glanders or farcy 
 are reported as occurring in the human subject, 
 but the frequency with which such reports meet 
 the public eye bear no relation to the actual 
 number of cases which are observed. As with 
 several other forms of disease due to animal 
 poisons, there are many cases overlooked, and 
 never diagnosed. We have a law referring to 
 glandered horses, to their use and sale, but we 
 can state from experience that the law is evaded. 
 Veterinary surgeons are not disposed to insist on 
 the immediate slaughter of any glandered horse 
 they meet with in practice. Cases of farcy are 
 often much neglected, and the result is the spread 
 of disease. Information has reached us of 
 glandered horses sold by public auction, of ani- 
 mals similarly affected being worked in London 
 omnibuses, and it is well known that glanders 
 has proved unusually destructive within the last 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 177 
 
 two or three years amongst the horses of our 
 cavalry regiments. 
 
 Ireland is no doubt the division of the United 
 Kingdom in which there are most cases of glan- 
 ders in man and horses. In the report of the 
 Census Commissioners for 1851, we find the fol- 
 lowing remarks : " The number of deaths from 
 this cause afforded by the returns of 1841 was 
 but eleven; on the present occasion they amount to 
 one hundred and ninety-six, viz., one hundred 
 and sixty-eight males and twenty-eight females. 
 We think the magnitude in the returns for 1851 
 is owing, not merely to a greater knowledge, both 
 inedical and popular, of the symptoms of the 
 disease, but to an increase of these affections, 
 and to a greater negligence on the part of per- 
 sons eno-ao'ed in the care of horses. Instances 
 have been recorded of families becoming infected 
 with this frightful malady from residing in the 
 same apartments with diseased animals. In our 
 report upon the statistics of disease, we have 
 already called attention to the subject of the in- 
 crease of this affection, and pointed out the 
 necessity which exists for bringing infected ani- 
 mals under the surveillance of the police. The 
 seasons show the following great varieties : In 
 spring there died seventy-one persons from this 
 cause; in summer, fifty; in winter, forty-eight ; 
 and in autumn, but twenty-nine." — Veterinary 
 Revieio, 1863. 
 
 Law respecting glandered horses in England, 
 reads thus : "■ Any person who shall sell, expose 
 
 M 
 
178 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 for sale, or keep in his possession, or keep or 
 suffer to be kept on his premises, or lead, drive, 
 or bring in or into any street, road, or public 
 place, any horse or beast affected with the said 
 disease, or any disease of the like nature, know- 
 ing such horse or beast to be so affected, shall be 
 liable to a fine not exceeding the sum of twenty 
 'poiimh (SlOO), or, in default of payment, to be 
 imprisoned for a term not exceeding one month." 
 
 "Any justice or justices may order any horse or 
 other beast affected with the said disease, together 
 with any troughs, litter, hay, straw, or other 
 article which he or they shall judge likely to 
 have been infected thereby, to be forthwith 
 destroyed, or otherwise disposed of in such man- 
 ner as he or they shall deem proper." 
 
 " In 1784, a law was enacted by the French 
 government to prevent any one from keeping a 
 glandered horse, under a penalty of one hundred 
 dollars. Every animal suspected of glanders had 
 the words 'suspected animal' impressed with 
 green wax on his forehead ; and the penalty for 
 selling such an animal, or offering him for sale, 
 was one hundred dollars. 
 
 " Persons having suspected animals were to 
 report the same to the mayor, syndics of villages, 
 or other proper authorities, under a penalty of one 
 hundred dollars. Such horses were then inspected 
 by experienced veterinary surgeons, appointed by 
 the mayor or other officer, and, if found glan- 
 dered, were destroyed. If only suspected, they 
 were marked in the forehead as before described. '' 
 
 The foregoing is but a drop in the bucket, 
 
HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 179 
 
 compared with the recorded evidence upon the 
 subject of glanders; time and space, however, 
 will not permit a further extension of this subject. 
 Our present experience in the United States of 
 America should bring us to the level of Europe 
 in passing laws, ordinances, on the subject of 
 glanders. The losses already sustained by our 
 farmers and horsemen, by the purchase of con- 
 demned and diseased government horses, amount 
 to more than the sum realized by the govern- 
 ment, and will go on increasing at a fearful rate. 
 
 We are told that the glandered horses of the 
 army have been shot or destroyed, and that none 
 are offered which are known as diseased. Half 
 an hour in the sales-yards is more than sufficient 
 to convince a competent judge to the contrary. 
 It is evident to the observer that the malady 
 exists to a great extent. Where is the fault ? Is 
 it not obvious that the officers having charge of 
 the animals offered for sale are not competent, 
 and do not understand the disease ? How many 
 recognised veterinary surgeons are there in the 
 employ of the United States Grovernment ? None 
 to speak of. Before sending a lot of horses to 
 any place for public sale, every animal should be 
 thoroughly inspected by the most competent sur- 
 geon, qualified as such, a graduate, a man of long 
 experience and a practitioner, and every animal, 
 even suspected, should be at once destroyed. 
 Very respectfully, 
 R. JENNINOS, 
 Veterinary Surgeon. 
 
 Bordentown, March 1st, 1864. 
 
VALUABLE RECEIPTS 
 
 FROM THE PRIVATE RECEIPT-BOOK OF THE AUTHOR. 
 
 «• > 
 BALLS. 
 
 R. Barb. Aloes ... 1 dr. 
 
 Calomel 1 scruple. 
 
 Linseed Meal . . . ^ oz. 
 Mix with molasses. An alterative, used for 
 diseases of the liver principally; given once a 
 day. 
 
 R. Black Antimony . . 1 oz. 
 Sulphur Flour . . 4 '^ 
 Nitre (pulv.) . . . 1 " 
 Mix with honey and divide into four balls ; an 
 excellent alterative. 
 
 R. Calomel i dr. 
 
 Linseed Meal . . . 1 oz. 
 
 Mix with molasses ; give at night, and follow 
 in the morning with a purgative ball ; a vermi- 
 fuge. 
 
 R. Oak Bark . . . . 1 oz. 
 
 Powdered Opium . . 1 dr. 
 Mix with molasses. For diarrhoea in horses. 
 
 16 (181) 
 
182 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 R. Ammonicum .... 2 drs. 
 Powdered Squills . . . 1 '^ 
 Barb. Aloes . . . . 1 " 
 Linseed Meal .... 2 " 
 
 Mix with molasses. For cough. 
 
 R. Emetic Tartar .... ^ dr. 
 
 Digitalis (pulv.) . . . ^ " 
 
 Nit. Potassa 2 " 
 
 Powd. Liquorice . . . 2 " 
 
 Mix with molasses. For fever in horses or 
 cattle. 
 
 R. Camphor Gum .... 2 drs. 
 
 Nit. Potassa 3 " 
 
 Linseed Meal . . . . ^ oz. 
 
 Mix with molasses. For retention of urine. 
 
 R. Barbadoes Aloes 
 Pulv. dinger 
 " Gentian . 
 Mix with water. A pur 
 
 R. Barbadoes Aloes 
 Calomel . . 
 Linseed Meal . 
 
 6 drs. 
 1 " 
 1 " 
 
 gative. 
 
 . . 5 drs. 
 . . 1 " 
 . . 1 " 
 
 Mix with molasses. A good purge. 
 
 R. Sulphate of Copper . . ^ dr. 
 Sulphate of Zinc . . . i '^ 
 
 Aniseed 1 " 
 
 Linseed Meal .... 2 '^ 
 
 Mix with molasses. A good tonic. 
 
VALUABLE RECEIPTS. 
 
 183 
 
 R. Iron Filings 2 drs. 
 
 Carbonate of Potash . . 2 " 
 Powdered Gentian . . . 2 " 
 
 Mix with molasses. A good tonic. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 R. Sulphur 1 oz. 
 
 Black Antimony 
 Saltpetre 
 
 Mix all together. An alterative. 
 
 1 " 
 
 R. Mustard Seeds . 
 Sweet Flag . . 
 Juniper Berries 
 Flour of Sulphur 
 Foenigreek Seeds 
 
 Mix; dose, one tablespoonful. 
 phoid diseases. 
 
 4 oz. 
 4 " 
 
 2 " 
 
 6 '^ 
 
 3 " 
 
 Good 
 
 in ty- 
 
 R. 
 
 Powdered Gentian 
 Cascarilla (pulv.) 
 
 Ginger 
 
 oz. 
 
 Mix ; dose, one teaspoonful. For lost appetite. 
 
 R. Calomel 1 dr. 
 
 Sulphate of Potash . . 1 oz. 
 Powd. Linseed .... 1 '^ 
 
 Mix. Used in abdominal inlBiammation. 
 
184 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 E,. Sulphate of Potasli , . 2 oz, 
 
 Powd. Gentian . . . . | " 
 Mix, Used in colic. 
 
 R. Iodide of Potassa . . . 1 dr. 
 
 Chloride of Mercury . . 1 " 
 
 Powdered Belladonna . . ^ oz. 
 
 White Sugar J ... 1 ^' 
 
 Mix, and divide into four powders. Put upon 
 the tongue for sore throat. 
 
 R. Powdered Camphor . . 1 dr. 
 
 '^ Rhubarb . . 2 " 
 
 '^ Opium . . . 1 " 
 
 Mix. For diarrhoea. 
 
 R. Burnt Alum . . . . 4 oz. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron . . . 2 " 
 
 Sulphate of Copper . . 1 " 
 
 Camphor 2 drs. 
 
 Mix. For thrush or canker. 
 
 MIXTURES. 
 
 R. Linseed Oil 1 pint. 
 
 Croton Oil 10 drops. 
 
 Mix. A purge. 
 
 R. Linseed Oil 1 pint. 
 
 Assafoetida 2 drs. 
 
 Mix, Good in flatulent colic. 
 
VALUABLE RECEIPTS. 185 
 
 R. Camphor 2 drs. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether . . . 4 " • 
 Acetate of x\mmonia . . 4 oz. 
 
 Mix. Used in typhoid diseases. 
 
 R. Quinine ^ dr. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid .... J " 
 Water 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and give in warm gruel. A good tonic. 
 
 
 LINIMENTS. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment . 
 Liquor Ammonia . . 
 
 Camphor 
 
 Sweet Oil .... 
 
 . 1 oz. 
 . 2 " 
 . Idr. 
 . 4 oz. 
 
 Mis 
 
 :. In skin diseases. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 Mis 
 
 Oil of Turpentine . . 
 Tincture of Opium 
 Soap Liniment . . . 
 Tincture of Capsicum . 
 
 :. A good liniment. 
 
 . 1 oz. 
 . 1 « 
 . 1 « 
 
 . 1 " 
 
 R. Extract of Opium ... 2 drs. 
 
 Goulard's Extract . . . 2 oz. 
 
 Water i pint. 
 
 Mix. Used in inflammatory swellings. 
 
 16* 
 
186 
 
 HORSE-TRAINING MADE EASY. 
 
 R. Tincture of Myrrh . . 4 oz. 
 Tincture of Aloes . . . 2 " 
 Water J pint. 
 
 Mix. For galls, sore mouth, &c. 
 
 BLISTERS. 
 
 R. 
 
 Pulv. Cantharides . 
 Spirits of Turpentine 
 Powd. Euphorbium 
 Oil Origanum . . 
 Lard 
 
 Mix. A strong blister. 
 
 2 drs. 
 2 " 
 1 " 
 
 1 » 
 
 2 oz. 
 
 E,. Cantharides Ointment . 2 oz. 
 Tartar Emetic .... 1 dr. 
 Mix. A powerful blister. 
 
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 OUT IN THE WORLD, Unveiling the sad experiences 
 
 that necessarily await jealous, proud, and sensitive young men, and undis- 
 ciplined, wayward, and petulant young women ; also, revealing the truo 
 and only way of escape. By T. S. Arthur. Cloth. $1 .50. 
 
NEW AND LATE BOOKS. 
 
 OUn NEIGHBORS IN THE CORNER 
 
 Mouse. A fascinating and stirring narrative, ■wliich adds its ten-ibla 
 evidence to the fact that sin will find people out, and that justice will 
 triumph over injury — even under extraordinary circumstances. By T. S. 
 Akthpr. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 NOTHING BUT MONEY. Picturing, in the most 
 forcible style, the difference between avaricious and ambitious men and those 
 who prefer social happiness and peace ; also, offering a striking lesson to the 
 very many young minds in which gold outlustres every other consideration. 
 By T. S. Arthur. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 WHAT CA3IE AFTERWARDS, A sequel to the 
 
 preceding volume, yet a story complete in itself, in which we are shown 
 how the precious gold in our natures, after we have encountered severe 
 discipline, will reveal itself in our intercourse with the world. By T. S. 
 Arthur. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 THE THREE ERAS IN A WOMAN'S LIFE; 
 
 or, the 3Iaiden, the Wife, and the Mother. A work depicting the 
 happy effects of right training when brought in distinct contrast with the 
 wrong, and showing also the fruits of right living. By T, S. Arthur. With 
 Frontispiece. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 BEFORE AND AFTER MARRIAGE; or, 
 
 SweetJiearts and Wives, and Other Tales. Drawing choice pictures 
 of lovers and husbands and wives, faithfully contrasting marriage and 
 celibacy, and teaching the folly of employing money to the mere pampering 
 of pride and indolence. By T. S. Arthur. With Frontispiece. Cloth. $150. 
 
 THE 3IARTYR WIFE, and Other Tales. A 
 
 remarkably interesting work, pointing out social follies, and including th« 
 excellent and popular stories of "The Heiress," and "The Ruined Gamester." 
 - By T. S. Arthur. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 1* 
 
NEW AND LATE BOOKS. 
 
 MAHY ELLIS ; or, The Munaway Hatch, and 
 
 other Tales. Attractive experiences that will readily commend tliem- 
 eelves to tlie real life of many who have sought for but never found their 
 ideal. By T. S. Arthur. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 TME YOUNG LADY AT H03IE. Home stories 
 
 most happily drawn by the author, involving the troubles, errors, and per. 
 plexities incident to domestic life, and showing woman's real mission. By 
 T. S. Arthur. Cloth. $1 50. 
 
 STEPS TOWAHnS HEAVEN; or, Meligion in 
 
 Common Life. A volume, free from sectarian or denominational influ- 
 ences, which cannot but deeply impress the mind, and awaken in every one 
 the highest type of human happiness. By T. S. Arthur. Cioth. $1 .50. 
 
 LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF REAL LIFE, 
 
 Containing a series of captivating and intensely interesting Temperance 
 stories, which, perhaps, no other author can furnish with equal acceptance, 
 and containing a moral suasion which cannot but affect for good all who 
 read. By T. S. Arthur. With Illustrations. Cloth. $1 75. 
 
 SKETCHES OF LIFE AND CHABACTEB. 
 
 Pleasantly written stories, drawn from everyday life, and free from all 
 exaggerations, which invariably leave a powerful impression upon the 
 mind of the reader. By T. S. Arthur. With Illustrations. Cloth, $1 75. . 
 
 LEAVES FMOM THE BOOK OF HUMAN 
 
 Idfe. A choice selection of stories, intended to leave the mind active with 
 good purposes and kindly sympathies — the value of each one of which is 
 clearly evident. By T, S, Arthur, Numerous Illustrations. Cloth. $1 75. 
 
 SWEET HOME; or, Friendship's Golden Altar, 
 
 A companion for the evening hour ; pure in morals, elevating in tone, cheer- 
 ful, hopeful, and reverent in all its views of God, and a transcript of " Home, 
 Sweel Home." By Frances E. Percival. With Mezzotint Frontispiece. 
 Cloth. $1 26.