Glass Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT Historical and Biograpiiical Work, PAST AND PRESENT -OF- Clinton County, -COMPRISING- A SKETCH OF EVERY TOWN AND TOWNSHIP OF THE COUNTY FROLI DATE OF SETTLEMENT UP TO THE PRESENT TIME. -ALSO- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MANY PROMINENT CITIZENS, BUSINESS MEN AND OLD RESI- DENTS, AND A COMPLETE HISTORY OF ALL MURDERS, FLOODS, AND OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT HAVE OCCURRED IN CLINTON COUNTY. J. MILTON FUREY, Lock Hav^en, Pa. 1892. WILLIAMSPORT, PA.: PENNSYLVANIA GRIT PRINTING HOUSE. / Enti'i-fd iiccordins to Act of Conjrress, in the year 1S'.12, by J. MILTON FUUEY, In the ofBce of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasiungton. PREFACE. One year ago, at the solicitation of friends, we began to gather material for a brief history of Clinton county. The difficulty in preparing a work of this kind cannot be un- derstood by anyone who has not been engaged in a work of a similar nature. We present this volume to the public, with the assurance that the facts contained herein are as nearly correct as it is possible to obtain them. For much of the early history of the county we are indebted to the memory of individuals, and, as memory is not always in- fallible, we may have made some errors, but we feel confi- dent they are k\v. We feel greatly indebted to our many friends who have furnished us with information, and we are particularly grateful to the different ministers who furnished us sketches of their churches; also, to J. B. G. Kinsloe, Hon. James W. Crawford, Hon. Coleman Grugan, Hon. John U. Shaffer, W. S. Carskaddon, T. T. Abrams, Esq., J. S. Bailey, Abbot B. Garth, Levi Consor, J. C. Sigmund, John E. Houlahan, P. H. Mulvihil, F. T. Morris, John McGhee, Captain J. S. Hall and J. W. Group. Our thanks are also due to Hon. John Blair Linn, of Bellefonte, Pa., for valuable assistance rendered. Also, to the various newspapers of the county, for information taken from their columns. And to all who in any way have aided us in the preparation of this work, we extend bur most grateful thanks. Respectfully yours, J. Milton Furey. Lock Haven, Pa., July ^th, i8g2. > a: u o J Q J ■^ 00 O 2 u a en a: UJ J cd !^ C^ o z UJ H a: H CO H z PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. J. MILTON FUREY. J. Milton Furey, the author and compiler of this work, was born near the village of Pleasant Gap, Centre county, Pa., September i6th, 1857. His father was a farmer, and reared his son to the same calling. His early education was received at what was called the "Horn Town" school, named after the first settler of the place. He attended school during the winter and worked on the farm durino- the remainder of the year until 1877, when he left his home to seek his fortune in the far West. After a year spent in roaming, and failing to find the said fortune, he returned penniless and penitent to his home in Centre county, and again followed farming until December, 1879, when he started a bakery and confectionery in Bellefonte, Pa. The business was not a profitable one, and he soon gave it up, losing all he had invested. After spending a year in em- ployments of a various nature, he entered the "Centre Hall Academy," as it was then called, where he remained one term. In January, 1882, he entered the Lock Haven Normal School, and graduated from that institution in July, 1883. After his graduation he secured a school in Mont- gomery county. Pa., where he taught one term. On the 25th of June, 1884, he was married to Ella Pauline Bigony, a daughter of Dr. P'.W. Bigony, who is a prominent physician of Montgomery county, Pa. He taught the following winter at Pleasant Gap, and, in the spring of 1885, moved to Belle- 6 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. fonte. In the fall of the same year he was elected teacher of the colored school of that town, which position he held for two years. In 1887 he was elected principal of the North Ward Schools of Bellefonte, and re-elected in 1888. Having been elected principal of the Third Ward Grammar School of Lock Haven in July 1888, he resigned his po- sition in the Bellefonte Schools and moved to the city of Lock Haven, where he has had charge of the said school up to the present time. In the summer of 189 1, while pre- paring some work of an historical nature for one of the city papers, it was suggested to him by several friends that he publish a book of the same character. After giving the mat- ter some thought he decided to undertake the task, with what result has already been shown. He has spent nearly a year of time and considerable money in the preparation of this work, which he hopes will meet its requirement, and satisfy its readers ; if it does this he feels amply rewarded for his efforts in this his first literary venture. • SKETCH OF JERRY CHURCH. THE name of Jerry Church is inseparable from the history of Clinton county and Lock Haven. It was through his efforts the county was formed and named, and to him we owe the existence of Lock Haven as the county seat. No book of this kind would be complete without a sketch of himself, which we now proceed to give, as we find it in a book entitled, ''Travels of Jerry Church," which was written by himself, aud published by a firm in Harrisburg in 1845. In the said book he informs the public that he was born in the town of Jericho, now called Bainbridge, in the state of New York, in 1796. His parents were formerly from the state of Vermont. His early education was received in the school of his native town, which was taught in the winter by a man, and in the summer by what they called a school- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 7 marm. He informs us that he liked the summer school the best, and was somewhat sorry when he was expelled from the school for trying to kiss his teacher. This ended his education so far as the schools were concerned. And at the age of fourteen he went to work at making shingles, which was an important industry in his section at that time. He says he worked about two years at this business, and then stopped, giving as his excuse that hard work did not agree with him, and that it hurt his feelings. However, at the time he gave up the shingle business, he had managed to save between three and four hundred dol- lars. This he invested in cattle, and turned drover. The investment proved a failure, as he drove his cattle to Orange county, N. Y., and could not sell them at cost, hence he lost his time and hibor, and he returned home with scarcely enough money to purchase a suit of clothes, which he states he was very much in need of at that particular time. He says: "his father advised him, at this period of his existence, to turn his attention to some other business, as he was not cut out for a drover. He therefore decided to become a musician, and purchased a violin, which his folks would not allow him to bring into the house, hence he was compelled to practice in the barn, which, he assures us, was a difficult task on cold days. However, he became sufficiently ac- complished in the art so as to be able to play a few tunes in a fair and respectable manner, and was finally hired to travel with a wax figure exhibition as musician, a position which he greatly enjoyed, but which was not very profitable. He gave this up, and turned his attention to cutting and rafting lumber. He was assisted in the enterprise by an older brother. They cut their timber in the winter and in the spring, while rafting it down the Susquehanna, they lost control of their raft and it ran on an island, causing them serious loss, and when the lumber was marketed they had very little left for their season's work. Once more he abandoned the lumber business, and decided to try his fortune in a Western country. In company with a carpenter friend 8 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. named Solomon Dickey, he traveled through Canada, but as they did not like the Canadians very well they concluded to go to Olean Point, New York state. There they hired out to build boats and skiffs for the sum of ;^i6 per month. He informs us that it was at this place he had the first streak of good luck in his life." He says: "I was invited to play the fiddle for a country ball, and received $25 for my services, which was quite a sum for the pocket of a poor boy." After working there for about four months, they made a boat for themselves and went down the Alle- gheny river to a place called Portsmouth, m Ohio, where they parted company and never saw each other again. Jerry Church, being left to himself, wandered around un- til he struck a place called Middleburn, in Ohio. Here he met a man named Parker, who had been a merchant in the vicinity of Church's former home, at Jericho. He says: "Parker informed me that he was about to build a still-house for the manufacturing of whisky, which would pay him big, and if they could not make much money they could at least make enough whisky to cheer their droop- ing spirits and make them/if^/ rich-" He assisted his friend Parker to erect the house, and to manufacture whisky for nearly a year, when they purchased a boat and loaded it with cider and apples, and took their load down the Ohio to the Kenhawa river, and up that to Charleston, Virginia, where they traded it for salt, which they carried back and traded for bacon, flour, potatoes or anything in the shape of produce. He followed this business for about a year, when he gave it up and hired with the captain of a produce boat at fifty cents per day. The work being hard, and the pay not enough, he soon gave up the business, and in company with a Frenchman started a store boat. 1 hey loaded their boat at a small town below Cincinnati with store goods of all descriptions, and sailed down the river, stopping at every town until they had sold their stock, when they also sold the boat and gave up business. His next venture was the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 9 wax figure business, which he followed for a season, until he was taken sick with the ague, which compelled him to remain idle for nearly a year. He next became a clerk in a little country store, and afterwards turned peddler; which business seemed to flourish to such an extent, that he finally saved enough money to start a store of his own, which he did in the house of a farmer who resided on the bank of the Licking river. He remained for a year, when a desire to return home seized him and he gave up business, and after purchasing a horse and wagon started for the home of his youth. He traveled through the state of Ohio, and finally arrived at Harri.sburg, the capital of Penn.sylvania, where he met a brother and sister of his, the former being a resident of the town, and the latter being there on a visit. His sister accompanied him to Jericho, where they found their mother, brothers and sisters, their father having died previous to this time. He next went into the store business with an older brother, at a place called Colesville, in Brown county, N. Y. The people of that section were poor, and nearly everything purchased at the store was paid for in lumber, shingles, etc. The business becoming monotonous to him, he took what lumber he could collect and rafted it down the Sus- quehanna and sold it at Marietta. After this he traveled through several of the Southern states, visiting the gold fields of North Carolina; going from there to Tennessee and Missouri, and finally through quite a number of the Western states. He was accompanied on this expedition by one of his brothers, and they took up a homestead near the town of Ottawa, III. They remained on their land about a year, when the brother became tired of the West, and de- cided to return to his home in the East. So they laid out their land into lots and started in a wagon, drawn by oxen, for the town of Chicago, a distance of eighty miles. Chicago at that time contained about six houses, and was occupied by the French and Indians. Jerry Church says: "We then took passage in a wagon that was going lO PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. to Michigan through the Indian country without any road. On our trip we came to the home of an old Frenchman who had married an Indian squaw, and who had three pretty daughters. My brother fell in love with one of the girls and wanted to stay and be an Ingiin, but I persuaded him to travel on. Although he said he would just as soon be an Ingun as not, if he could live with one of those pretty girls." They traveled for some time through the state of Mich- igan, visited Detroit, then went to Buffalo, N. Y., and took a steamboat for Cleveland, Ohio. Here his brother left him and went to Tennessee to buy some land, and Jerry himself went back to Illinois to look after the town they had laid out on their homestead. On the way he met a man who had been to their new town, and who offered a wagon load of goods, wagon and horse included, for the Churchs' interest in the land. The trade was made, and once more Jerry Church was a full-fledged peddler. He traveled from place to place until he landed at St. Louis, where he sold his outfit and took passage on a steamer for New Orleans. Here his fever and ague came on him again, and he decided to return home if he could get there. He found a vessel about ready to sail for Philadelphia. He says: "I went aboard and asked to see thecaptain. They told me to walk down stairs into the cabin. I told them I could not do that, as I was too weak to walk anywhere. The captain then came up and I asked him if he could take a passenger to Philadelphia. He said he could not take me as I was too much of a skeleton to stand the voyage. I told him I wanted to go, and had the money to pay my fare, and it made no difference to him whether I could stand the trip or not so as he got the money. If I died he should wrap me in a blanket and toss me into the ocean. He said all right, I could go, which was very good news to me in- deed." The vessel stopped for the winter at the mouth of Morris river, about sixty miles from Philadelphia, and our hero PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. I I was compelled to travel by land, which he did, and finally arrived at New Cumberland, at the home of his brother Robert. He next drifted to Middletown, where he made his home with a sister for a time. His next move was to invest in government lands in several of the Southern states; these he sold, and was thus placed once more on the road to prosperity. He then came to the town of Wil- liamsport and laid out what is called "Church's Addition" on a farm of 103 acres, which cost him and his brother Francis, who was at that time a resident of Wellsboro, Tioga county, $10,000. This investment was a profitable one, and the two brothers proceeded from Williamsport to Derrstown (now Lewisburg), where they purchased a tract of 125 acres for the sum of $5,625. Jerry Church says in connection with this purchase: "Having been in the habit of making towns, we got the idea into our heads that we could make one most any where, so we concluded to try a small one on the opposite side of the river from Lewis- burg. While we did not do them much harm as a rival, they were glad to buy of us at a big price. Two days after we had purchased it for $45 per acre, we laid out the land into streets and alleys, and called it Churchville. We sold the whole tract inside of two weeks, making considerable money but not much of a town." The brothers then went to Harrisburg, where they purchased a small mill patent, a mill and threshjng machine, horse power, and all the ap- paratus for setting them in motion at any place. They shipped their purchase by canal to Pittsburg, and started with a carriage and team of horses for that Western city. Upon their arrival there they found their machinery all right. They determined to ship the whole concern to Louisville. They accosted the captain of a ship and asked him if he carried freight. He said he could carry all they had. Jerry Church then informed him that they wanted him to take two ''Churches,'' a grist mill, a saw mill, and a carriage and two horses. The captain waxed angry and told them he could not carry such freight, but when in- 12 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. formed as to the weight of the articles he changed his mind, and they landed at Louisville, where they tried their machinery, which failed to work. They finally sold out the concern and drifted from place to place until they found themselves in Chicago, where the two brothers parted company, the one going to the far West and Jerry Church returning to found the present city of Lock Haven. His story concerning the founding of Lock Haven we will give under another head. Many different stories have been told concerning the peculiarities of Jerry Church, but what he says of himself in the little book of which we have spoken gives a better idea of his real character than what anyone else can say about him. It is the opinion of all who were originally acquainted with the man that he at one time intended making his home in Lock Haven. He built himself a peculiar dwelling a few rods below the old Court House, of which he speaks as follows : "In order to carry out my originality I built an office in the town standing eight feet above the ground, on thirteen large posts or pillars, to rep- resent our thirteen Continental states. In the first place it is made by placing thirteen large pine trees five feet in the ground, and thirty feet long, in their natural state, with the exception of taking the bark off, and painting them in im- itation of marble, with a fourteen feet room formed inside of the posts, so as to form a balustrade all around it; and the roof projecting over so as to protect the building. I concluded, when I was making it, that it was an odd look- ing office, and different from anyone I had seen in this country. And as I was no lawyer, and could not expect any notice or business in that way, I concluded that I would build my office so that clients might look at it with- out expense. If I am not very much mistaken, they would make as much at that as they would if I had been a lawyer myself I had a number of scientific gentlemen to view the little building, and they always asked what order I in- tended it to be. I told them I never did anything accord- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 3 ing to order — it was all a matter of taste; that I never learned anythino- by note, and therefore could not inform them any more than that it was i)iy own order, and that appeared to satisfy their inquiries always. I had always concluded that there was no chance for me to have any kind of a monument erected in remembrance of me, unless I should place some of my odd matters and things before the public myself, so that they could not all pass by without observing that some person had been there before." He also says: "I had a summer seat built in the first place at Lock Haven, so that if I got tired I could go up and take a rest. It was formed in a cluster of black walnut trees. It was twenty-five feet from the ground, forty feet long, and seven feet wide, placed so as to be supported by the trees, banistered, and a seat running all around, and winding stairs up one of the trees. And I must say that when I went up on to the upper seat I felt like a bird. I had it painted by a German painter, and I told him that I would like to have it made like marble ; but as he did not under- stand English very well he made it what I call 'Dutch marble,'— all full of white and black spots. The natives of that country thought it was a wonderful thing, that I should throw away my money so, to make a nice seat to sit on, and asked me why I did so. I told them that I sat far more comfortable on the seat than I could on a bag of dollars. So they gave it up. It has ever since gone by the name of 'Church's Folly.' However all were willing to take a seat with me now and then." It is very natural to suppose that after a man had founded a town, and lived to see it become as prosperous as Lock Haven, he would be desirous of remaining in it in order to secure some of the honors if not the financial benefits of its prosperity. But such was not the case with Jerry Church. He seemed to have had a mania for laying out towns, and, after he saw them fairly started, to leave them to their fate. He watched the growth and fought the battles for his new town of Lock Haven until 1845, when he once more turned his face west- 14 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. ward, where he remained until his death, which took place in Carlisle, Iowa, November i, 1874. He made several visits to Lock Haven, the last one being made in 1865. At this time he was honored by the citizens with a com- plimentary supper. In alluding to his death TJic Ijidianola Tribune, of Car- lisle, Iowa, gives the following sketch of the closing years of his life : "One of the earliest pioneers, and one of the most re- markable men of Central Iowa, has ended a life of adventure such as it has been the fortune of few to live. In the year 1845 he came West to Des Moines while the Indians were yet in possession of the country, and in 1846 laid out the town of Dudley, about two miles east of Carlisle, on the Des Moines river, which place he abandoned in 185 i, after the great freshet of that year had made sad havoc with his embryo city. He then moved to Carlisle, which he had in the meantime laid out. Soon after he went to Kansas, and in furtherance of his mania for laying out towns, he laid out the town of Franklin, near Lawrence, which, however, was another failure, and he spent most of the time for some years at Carlisle, until a few years since he went to Nebraska, and, carrying out his desire for pioneer life, took a home- stead. He remained in Nebraska until brought back by Dr. Hull to the home of his pioneer days, where on Sun- day, November i.st. Uncle Jerry breathed his last, and was buried by the loving hands of those who had known him so long and so well. We have sketched thus fully the de- tails of his adventures to show the natural vent of his life, and his nature as a pioneer. While Uncle Jerry was never a prominent man in society, or in state or nation, yet he was one of those men whom it was a pleasure to know ; one of those strong, sensible, sturdy pioneers to whom our country owes so much; one of those who were the fore- runners of a more advanced civilization, who prepared the way for the inhabitants of the West, and moulded to a great HON. CHARLES R. iWAYER, Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1^ extent the course and destiny of a great and prosperous country. Dangers had no terror for him, and his whole life was spent in their very midst. He was plain and blunt in the expression of his opinons, which were always strong and well taken. He was very charitable, almost so to a fault, and no poor man or woman ever appealed for as- sistance in vain to his kindly heart. To the children Uncle Jerry was almost a divinity; so kindly in all his actions, so full of his naratives of adventures of frontier life, in which they delight, that he was a welcome visitor at every hearth- stone, and the friend and intimate of all who knew him. Enemies he had none, nor could have had, for everything in his nature was such as to make only friends. In his re- ligious belief he was a consistent Univcrsalist. His re- ligious faith was firm to the end, and his sad burial rites were performed by a minister of that denomination, the fortunes of which he had followed, and the success of he had desired so long." SKETCH OF CLINTON COUNTY. PREVIOUS to March nth, 1762, the territory embraced within the present limits of Clinton county was a por- tion of Chester, one of the original counties into which the province of Pennsylvania was divided by William Penn. On the above named date Berks county was formed, taking that part of Chester which contained what is now Clinton. By Act of March 21st, 1772, Northumberland county was taken in part from Berks and included the present Clinton. When Lycoming county was taken from Northumberland, in 1795, it also contained all the territory now embraced in Clinton county, a part of which was included in the forma- tion of Centre, in 1800. Therefore, when Clinton was organ- ized by Act of 1S39, it took portions of Centre and Lycom- ing. The townships of Bald Eagle, Lamar and Logan were taken from Centre county, and the others from Lycoming. 1 6 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Section i of the Act organizing the county of Qinton reads as follows : ''Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Conimomvealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That all those parts of the counties of Lycoming and Cen- tre, and lying within the following boundaries, viz: Begin- ning at Pine Creek, where the north line of Lycoming county crosses said creek; thence a straight line to the house of William Herrod; thence following the Couders- port and Jersey Shore turnpike, the several courses and distances thereof, to the middle of Pine creek ; thence down the said creek, the several courses thereof, to its junction with the West Branch of the river Susquehanna; thence a straight line to the northeast corner of Centre county, thence to include Logan, Lamar and Bald Eagle townships in Centre county ; thence along the Lycoming county line to the southwest corner ©f said county; thence by the lines of Clearfield, McKean, Potter and Tioga counties to the place of beginning, and the same is hereby created into a separate county, to be called 'Clinton,' the seat of justice to be fixed by commissioners hereinafter appointed." Clinton county as well as Lock Haven, its county seat, owes its origin to the exertions of Jerry Church. The efforts made by Mr. Church to organize a county were strongly opposed by leading citizens of both Centre and Lycoming counties. Jerry Church, in his original manner, gives his own ac- count of the organization of the county, which is as follows: "I now undertook to divide the counties of Lycoming and Centre, and make a new county, to be called Clinton. I had petitions printed to that effect, and sent them to Har- risburg, to have them presented to the Legislature, and then went clown myself to have the matter represented in good order. My friend, John Gamble, was our member from Lycoming at that time, and he reported a bill. The PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1/ people of the town of Williamsport, the county seat of Ly- coming, and Bellcfonte, the county seat of Centre county, then had to be up and be doing something to prevent the division; and they commenced pouring in their remon- strances, and praying aloud to the Legislature not to have any part of either county taken off for the purpose of making a new one, for it was nothing more or less than some of Jerry Church's Yankee notions. However, I did not despair. I still kept asking every year, for three suc- cessive years, and attended the Legislature myself every winter. I then had a gentleman who had become a citizen of the town of Lock Haven, by the name of John Moor- head, who harped in with me — a very large, portly looking man, and rather the best borer in town ; and, by the bye, a very clever man. We entered into the division together. We had to state a great number of facts to the members of the Legislature, and perhaps something more, in order to obtain full justice. We continued on for nearly three years longer, knocking at the mercy seat, and at last we received the law creating the county of Clinton. In the year 1839 the county was organized by the Hon. Judge Burnside." When the question of a new county was being discussed by the inhabitants interested, the name of "Eagle" was pro- posed and adopted, and petitions with that name presented to the Legislature, but after several unsuccessful attempts to obtain the required legislation, the name was dropped and the name of Clinton sbustituted as a ruse, intended to mislead the opponents of the new county movement. As the opposition in the Legislature had been so long and vigorously made against the forming of Eagle county, when that name which had become familiar to every member ceased to be presented, and Clinton appeared, the required act was passed before many of the members knew that the name belonged to the same territory they had been voting against for several successive winters. Immediately after the county was organized, three com- missioners, Colonel Cresswell, Major Colt and Joseph 2 1 8 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Brestel, were appointed to locate the county seat. There were several places anxious for the honor about to be con- ferred, but after viewing and considering all other locations. Lock Haven was chosen as the most desirable and appro- priate place. Accordingly, a site was selected for the public buildings near the lower end of the town, three squares from the river, and sufficient land for the purpose donated by Jerry Church. Soon after the building of the old Court House was begun by John Moorhead, Robert Irwin and George Hower, and completed in 1842 at a cost of ;^ 12,000. In the meantime the courts were held and all other county business transacted in the public house of W. W. Barker, a portion of which was rented for county purposes. The fol- lowing extract from a speech delivered at the dedication of the "New Court House," February 8th, 1S69, by H. T. Beardsley, Esq., will give our readers an idea of the place and manner in which the public business of that early day was conducted. The facts which the following sketch con- tains makes it part of the history of Clinton county: "This county was organized and the first court held in December, 1839. The court then, and for the years 1841 and 1842, was held in a part of a two-story frame building that then stood on Water street, above the canal, known as 'Barker's Tavern.' That house was burned down in 1855. It was what is known as a double front — that is, two rooms in front, with a hall between these rooms. The part on the east side of the hall was the court room, and was about twenty-eight feet in length by sixteen in width. Think ol it, a court room 28x16! Over this court room, in the second story, were the county officers, being two in number, and in size about 14x16 feet each. The front one was used as the commissioners and treasurer's office; and the back one as the office of the prothonotary, register and re- corder, clerk of the courts, etc., one man easily performing all the duties in the last mentioned office. You may be curious to know where the sheriff's office was. 'Old Sheriff Miller' discharred the duties of that office at the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. I9 period of which I am speaking. I recollect him well. A dark-visaged, good natured, genial man ; but that does not inform you where he had his office. It was not in the Court Mouse, nor was it in his own dwelling in Dunnstown, nor, may I add. was it in any other house in Lock Haven, Dunnstown, or Clinton county. All who recollect him will witness that he wore a high-crowned hat. and allow mc to inform you, that in that hat he kept his office. He placed an empty cigar box in the prothonotary's office, in which that official placed the writs that were occasionally issued, marking the day and hour of their being so deposited, and that was considered a delivery to the sheriff, who, upon coming to town, would transfer them to his hat, and the records of this court will show that very many of them never found their way back to the Court House. This brief sketch of our early judicial organization will revive old and probably pleasant recollections in some, and will be a matter of news to many, who have cast their lot amongst us in later years. I have no hesitation in saying that those primitive surroundings of our early history, taking into con- sideration the population of our town and county, at that time, and comparing it with the present, met more fully the wants and requirements of the Court and community at that time than the building we have just vacated did at the present time." At the first term of court, which was opened December i6th, 1839, Hon. Thomas Burnside was President Judge. John Fleming and George Crawford, Associates. The following named attorneys were admitted to practice in the several courts of Clinton county: Francis C. Campbell, John Blanchard. Joseph B. An- thony, Anson V. Parsons, H. N. McAllister, Andrew G. Curtin, Robert Flenimg. James Gamble, H. M. Bliss, James Armstrong, Henry D. Ellis. Bond Valentine. James Mc- Manus, James T. Hale, James Burnside, John Hoffman, William M. Patterson, Theodore Friend, F. A. Gwenner, Richard Williams. During the year 1840 the following at- torneys were admitted to practice: Richard Williams, 20 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Adolphus D. Wilson, George W. Carskaddon, J. W. May- nard, H. T. Beardsley and Levi A. Mackey. The docket in which the records of the first court was re- corded was not a large book, yet it was used for three years. Of the attorneys who practiced in Clinton county courts at the organization of the county, none are seen at the bar at the present time. As the population and business of the county increased, it was found that the Court House, built in 1842, was inad- equate to the wants of the community. Therefore, it was decided to erect a new one. Accordingly, a location was selected on Water street, just above the canal, and the present elegant Court House was built. Colonel A. C. Noyes, J. F. Batchelcr and Pr. Samuel Adams having the contract for ;^93,ooo. This new Court House was formally dedicated February 8th, 1S69, on which occasion the Hon. C. A. Mayer, President Judge of the district, and H. T. Beardsley, Esq., delivered the addresses. The pioneer jail of the county was the cellar of the build- ing known as "Barker's Tavern." William Wyckoff was the first, and in fact the only prisoner ever incarcerated in this prison. The first jail built in Clinton county was constructed of logs, and stood near the site of the present jail, on Church street. It was not very large; yet it had accommodations for the sheriff and his family, besides plenty of room for the comfort and convenience of transient boarders, who had, as a rule, no particular desire to escape from the hospitable shelter of James Chatham, the first sheriff who lived in the log jail. The present jail was built during 1851 and 1852. The contractor was Anthony Kleckner. The original cost of the structure was $S,S7S- The front of the building was built of brick, and contained apartments for the sheriff and his family. The back part was built of stone, and contained the cells and yard for the prisoners. In 1871 and 1872 the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 21 building was enlarged by Brown, Blackburn & Curtin, con- tractors, for the sum of $22,240. The present modern ed- ifice is a substantial building, and contains apartments for the sheriff and family, and has twenty-three strong, well ventilated cells for the prisoners. It is surrounded by a high wall, which extends back to the alley. The first sheriff to occupy the new jail in 1852 was Robert Irwin, who served from 185 1 to 1854. The first to occupy the building after it had been remodeled, in 1871 and 1872, was W. H. Brown. The first and only execution that ever took place in Clinton county was the hanging of Luther Shaffer, for the murder of Isaiah and Nora Colby. Shaffer was hanged in the jail yard, on a gallows brought from Williamsport for the purpose, on Wednesday, April 4th, 1888. The first election in Clinton county was after its organ- ization was held, on the second Tuesday of October, 1839. On this occasion the following officials were elected: Robert Fleming, state senator, for the district comprising the counties of Northumberland, Centre, Clinton and Ly- coming, Isaac Bruner and James Laverty were chosen Representatives, to represent the district comprising the counties of Lycoming, Clearfield and Clinton. James Laverty resigned, and, in conformity with public invitation, the Democrats of the county assembled in the Court House for the purpose of nominating his successor. A dispute arose as to who should act as chairman of the meeting, those present being al)out equally divided between John Fleming and David McCormick. After several ineffectual attempts to organize, a gentleman, who was acting as tem- porary chairman, suggested that both sides go out into the Street and stand in line, so that each side could be counted. The suggestion was acted upon, but even then both sides claimed the greatest number, and finally the friends of John Fleming entered the court room and placed their man in the chair. They immediately proceeded to business by ap- pointing a committee of fifteen to draft a preamble and res- 22 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. olutions, expressive of the sense of the meeting. Conferees were appointed, with instructions to do all in their power to secure the nomination of John Moorhead, Esq. Mean- while David McCormick's friends repaired to the hotel of J. P. Huling, where they organized, drew up a preamble and resolutions, and appointed conferees, instructing them to secure the nomination of George Leidy. David McCor- mick was president of the McCormick meeting; John Kryder and J. M. Gallauher, vice-presidents. T. A. Friend, Esq., stated the object of the meeting and submitted the resolutions. This meeting nominated George Leidy, and appointed T. P. Simmons and Colonel John Smyth con- ferees. On the following Monday the conferees from the several counties met at the hotel J. P. liuling. The two factions from Clinton appeared and claimed seats. After an investigation it was decided that one out of each set should be allowed to take part in the proceedings of the meeting. They at once proceeded to vote, and on the twelfth ballot George Leidy, of Salona, Clinton county. Pa., was duly nominated. The sheriff elected at the first election was John Miller; commissioners, Hugh White, Robert Bridgens and An- thony Kleckner ; auditors, Joseph Quay, Cephas Balcheler and John H. Chatham; coroner, James Carskaddon. The first prothonotary elected in Clinton county was Philip Krebs, elected in October, 1840. Thomas Simmons, who was the first treasurer of the county, was elected the same year. Clinton county has had nine president judges. The first was Hon. Thomas Burnside, who served from December, 1839, to May term, 1841. Hon. George W. Woodward — served from September term, 1841, to February term, 185 1. Hon. James T. Hale — held but two courts, viz: May and September terms, 185 1, Hon. Alexander Jordon — served from December term, 185 1, to May term, 1853. HON. clfliWES W. CLARK, Lock Haven. Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. 23 Hon. James Burnside — served from September term, 1853, to May term, 1859. Hon. James Gamble — held but one court, viz: September term, 1859. Hon. Samuel Linn — served from December term, 1859, to May term, 1868. Hon. J. B. McNally — held but one court, viz: September term, 1868, and Hon. Charles A. Mayer, who was elected in 1868, re-elected in 1878, and again re-elected in 1888, and who is now serving his third term. Additional Law Judge — John H. Orvis, 1874. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. Associate judges from 1839 to the present time were: John Fleming and George Crawford served from De- cember, 1839, to February, 1845. George Leidy and John M. Gallauher from February, 1845, to February, 1850. George Leidy died before the expiration of his term, and George Bressler was appointed to fill the vacancy. George C. Harvey and John Graffius from December, 1850, to December, 1856. Nathanael Hanna and Anthony Kleckner from Decem- ber, 1856, to December, 1861. Anthony Kleckner died in the fall of 1861, and Hon. William Parsons was appointed by Governor Packer to fill the vacancy. Joseph F. Quay and Cephas Batcheler, from -December, 1 86 1, to December, 1866. William Parsons and George Warrick, from December, 1866, to December, 1871. William Dunn and Coleman Grugan, from December, 1 87 1, to December, 1876. 24 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. John W. Smith and Ch'ne Ouigley, from December, 1876, to December, 1881. William W. Rankin and Isaac Frantz, from December, 1 88 1, to December, 1886. James W. Crawford and W. K. Chesnut was elected in November, 1886; the latter resigned in the spring of 1890, and George R. McCrea was appointed to fill the vacancy until the next regular election. In November, 1891, James W. Clark was elected for the regular term of five years. The first term of Judge Crawford expired in De- cember, 1 89 1, but he was re-elected for his second term; thus the associate judges at the present time are James W. Clark and James Crawford ; the term of the former will expire in December, 1895, and the term of the latter in December, 1896. REPRESENTATIVES. 1839 — George Leidy. 1840 — James Gamble, George Leidy. 1 841 — George R. Barret. 1842 — George R. Barret, George F. Boal. 1843 — John L. Cook, George F. Boal. 1844 — John Smith, Andrew A. Stewart. 1845 — Andrew A. Stewart, Timothy Ives. 1846 — Timothy Ives, Benjamin F. Pawling. 1847 — William F. Packer, Timothy Ives. 1848 — William F. Packer, John Smyth. 1849 — William Dunn, William Brindle. 1850 — William Dunn, William Brindle. 1 85 1 — Jo.seph B. Torbert, John M. Kilburn. 1852 — Joseph B. Torbert, John M. Kilburn. 1853 — George J. Eldred, John B. Beck. 1854 — William Fearon, Thomas Wood. 1855 — John C. McGhee, Samuel Caldwell. 1856 — Isaac Benson, J. W. B. Petrikin. 1857 — Thomas W. Loyd, David K. Jackman. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2 5 1858 — Lindsly Mehaffey, William Fearon. 1859 — George A. Achenbach, Robert Crane. i860 — H. C. Dressier, William H. Armstrong. 1861 — William H. Armstrong, James Chatham. 1862 — Amos C. Noys, John B. Beck. 1863 — Amos C. Noys, John B. Beck. 1864— E. B. Elclred. 1865— E. B. Eldred. 1866— G. O. Deise. 1867 — G. O. Deise. 1868— W. J. Davis. 1869 — A. B. Armstrong. 1870 — A. C. Noyes. 1 87 1— A. C. Noyes. 1872 — A. C. Noyes, Samuel Wilson. 1873— H. W. Petrekin, Richard Bedford. 1874 — George A. Achenbach. 1875 — George A. Achenbach. 1876— A. J. Quigly. 1877— A. J. Quigly. 1878 — George J. Eldred, 1879 — George J. Eldred. 1880 — J. C. C. Whaley — died in office. 1 88 1 — S. Woods Caldwell, elected vice Whaley died. 1882— Joseph W. Merrey. 1884 — Joseph W. Merrey. 1886— John U. Shaffer. 1888— John U. Shaffer. 1890 — James C. Q niggle. Delegate to Constitutional Convention, 1873. — George A. Achenbach. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. The first district attorney was : James W. Quiggle, elected in 1850. Tobias T. Abrams, elected in 1853. Charles A. Mayer, elected in 1856. 26 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. G. Omet Deise, elected in 1859. G. Omet Deise, re-elected in 1862. C. S. McCormick, elected in 1865. James M. Deise, elected in 1868. James M. Deise, re-elected in 1871. William Parsons, Jr., elected in 1874, resigned in 1876. W. H. Clough, appointed in 1876. W. H. Clough, elected in 1877. George A. Brown, elected in 1881. George A. Brown, re-elected in 1884. A. W. Brungard, elected in 1887. A. W. Brungard, re-elected in 1890. SHERIFFS. John Miller, elected in 1839. John P. McElrath, elected in 1842. Jared P. Ruling, elected in 1845. James Chatham, elected in 1848. Robert Irwin, elected in 185 i. M. Q. Stewart, elected in 1854. Thomas McGhee, elected in 1857. Robert Hanna, elected in i860. John W. Smith, elected in 1863. A. S. Fleming, elected in 1866. John W. Smith, elected in 1869. John W. Fleming, elected in 1872. John Candor, elected in 1875. R. S. Barker, elected in 1878. Peter B. Smith, elected in 1881. D. M. May, elected in 1884. W. J. Leahy, elected in 1887. W. Marshall Everhart, elected in 1890. PROTHONOTARIES. Philip Krebs, elected in 1840. William Fearon, elected in 1843. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2/ John B. Wagner, elected in 1846. Thomas McGhee, elected in 1849. Thomas McGhee, re-elected in 1852. Robert Irwin, elected in 1855. Johnathan Moyer, elected in 1858. William L. Hamilton, elected in 1861. W. H. Brown, elected in 1864. W. H. Brown, re-elected in 1867. W. H. Brown, re-elected in 1 870. W. H. Brown, re-elected in 1873. George W. Batcheler, elected in 1 886. George W. Batcheler, re-elected in 1879. L. R. McGili, elected in 1882. L. R. McGjll, re-elected in 1885. McGill died in 1886, and J. F. Brown was appointed to fill out the unexpired term. J. F. Brown, elected in 1887. J. F. Brown, re-elected in 1890. COUNTY TREASURERS. Robert Irwin, appointed in 1839. Thomas P. Simmons, elected in 1840. Robert F. Carson, elected in 1843, John H. Chatham, elected in 1845. James H. Hunt, elected in 1847. David Carskaddon, elected in 1849. S. Montgomery Quiggle, elected in 185 i. Lyons Mussina, elected in 1853. Job W. Packer, elected in 1855. Andrew J. Quiggle, elected in 1857. John H. Chatham, elected in 1859. Joel Karstetter, elected in 1861. J. F. Batcheler, elected in 1863. Erasmus Whitman, elected in 1865. Piatt Hitchcock, elected in 1867. Peter W. Keller, elected in 1869. 28 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Joseph F. Hayes, elected in 1871. John Q. Welsh, elected in 1873. Lucien W. Dunn, elected in 1875. A. H. Strayer, elected in 1S78. Wallace Gakle, elected in 1881. M. W. Herr, elected in 1884. R. M. Glenn, elected in 1887. S. Woods Caldwell, elected in 1890. REGISTERS AND RECORDERS. Philip Krebs, elected in 1852. I. N. Loomis, elected in 1855. William H. Smith, elected in 1858. H. M. Bossart, elected in 1861. Samuel B. Snook, elected in 1864. Samuel B. Snook, re-elected in 1867. Samuel B. Snook, re-elected in 1870. Samuel B. Snook, re-elected in 1873. James W. Clark, elected in 1876. James W. Clark, re-elected in 1879. James W. Clark, re-elected in 1882. James C. Smith, elected in 1885. James C. Smith, re-elected in il Alva S. Grow, elected in 1891. COMMISSIONERS. Hugh White, elected in 1839. Robert Bridgens, elected in 1839. Anthony Kleckner, elected in 1839. Anthony Kleckner, elected in 1840. Robert McCormick, elected in 1841. Joseph Hanna, elected in 1842. John Ruh, elected in 1843. John Dornblazer, elected in 1844. Christian Grieb, elected in 1845. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Joseph F. Quay, elected in 1846. Thomas Bridgens, elected in 1 847. George Walker, elected in 1848. Daniel Shadle, elected for three years in 1S49. William Myers, elected for two years in 1849. Adam Smith, elected in 1850. James Jefiferis, elected in 185 i. George Hartman, elected in 1852. John Heckman, elected in 1853. David Baird, elected in 1854. George Furst, elected in 1855. Griffin Rote, elected in 1856. Isaac Ramage, elected in 1857. Jacob Getz, elected in 1858. James Welsh, elected in 1859. Gideon Dornblazer. elected in i860. Jacob Stamm, elected in 1861. James Welsh, elected in 1862. George Gramley, elected in 1863. Jacob Quiggle, elected in 1 864. James Welsh, elected in 1865. A. J. Quiggle, elected in 1866. John Rishel, elected in 1867. Thomas M. Wolf, elected in 1868. Valentine Hanna, elected in 1869. Samuel Kahl, elected in 1870. Wallace Gakle, elected in 1871. Jacob Getz, elected in 1872. William A. White, elected in 1873. James Darid, elected in 1874. W. A. White, elected in 1874. Hugh Shaw, elected in 1875. , Jacob Getz, elected in 1875. N. L. Sterner, elected in 1875. Patrick Kane, elected in 1878. John F. Price, elected in 1878. J. A. McCloskey, elected in 1878. 30 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Daniel M. Morris, elected in iS8i. Michael B. Rich, elected in i8Si. Joseph W. Hubbard, elected in i88i. Daniel M. Morris, elected in 1882. Daniel W. Hubbard, elected in 1882. John Grugan, elected in 1884. John F. Brosius, elected in 1884. Jeremiah D. Engles, elected in 1884. John Grugan, elected in 1887. Harvey Kleckner, elected in 1887. Jeremiah D. Engles, elected in 1887. Lyons Mussina, elected in 1890. Andrew C. Kissell, elected in 1890. John F. Brosius, elected in 1890. CORONERS. James Carskaddon, elected m 1 839. David R. Porter, elected in 1841. Joseph T. Hunt, elected in 1842. John C. King, elected in 1845. Robert Irwin, elected in 1846. Joseph Brownlee, elected in 1847. David Allen, elected in 1848. G. W. Sour, elected in 185 I. Dr. Gorgas, elected 1854. William E. Carskaddon, elected in 1856. Charles B. Langdon, elected in 1857. Dr. Richard Armstrong, elected in 1861. J. J. Lanks, elected in 1862. John Bridgens, elected in 1864 John J. Keller, "elected in 1867. Ira D. Canfield, elected in 1868. George Y. Beatty, elected in 1871. Dr. A. Prieson, elected in 1873. Dr. John S. Mader, served from 1876 to 1891. Dr. Charles Fullmer, elected in 1891. HON. dflS. W. CRAWFORD, North Bend, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 3 1 COUNTY AUDITORS. Joseph F. Quay, elected in 1839. Cephas Batcheler. elected in 1839. John H. Chatham, elected in 1839. John H. Chatham, elected in 1840. William Dunn, elected in 1841. George Walker, elected in 1842. William A. Wycoff, elected in 1843. Hugh White, Jr., elected in 1844. James Shaffer, Jr., elected in 1845. John Graffius, elected in 1846. Isaac Ramage, elected in 1847. Samuel Barnes, elected in 1848. George Hartman, elected in 1849. G. W. Halenbake, elected for three years in 1850. John L. Eckel, elected in 1S51. Nathanael Hanna, elected in 1852. Joseph Milliken, elected in 1853. C. C. McClelland, elected in 1855. William Dunn, elected in 1856. John W. Smith, elected in 1857. John Dornblazer, elected in 1858. Joseph H. Rich, elected in 1859. R. Kleckner, elected in i860. Nathanael Hanna, elected in i86t. G. A. Achenbach, elected in 1862. James R. Conley, elected for three years in 1S63. Benjamin Wheaton, elected for three years in 1863. A. McCloskey, elected in 1864. G. A. Achenbach, elected in 1865. George J. F. Ramm, elected in 1866. David Mapes, elected in 1867. George A. Achenbach, elected in 1868. George J. F. Ramm, elected in 1869.' Jacob A. Bitner, elected in 1870. William A. Cook, elected in 1871. W. H. Clough, elected in 1872. 32 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. J. H. Chatham, elected in 1873. John P. Anthony, elected in 1874. John H. Chatham, elected in 1875. D. M. Morris, elected in 1875. W. T. Young, elected in 1881. Levi R. Paup, elected in 1881. William A. White, elected in 1881. Levi R. Paup, elected in 1884. W. F. Young, elected in 1884. Samuel Stamm, elected in 1884. William F. Moyer, elected in 1887. John N. Bittner, elected in 1887. Samuel Stamm, elected in 1887. William F. Moyer, elected in 1890. Harry L Rridgens, elected in 1890. John McGhee, elected in 1890. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. R. Coates Allison, A. M. Taylor, H. L. Dieffenbach, A. K. Brown, Jesse H. Berry, J. N. Welliver, W. S. Snoddy, Daniel Herr, A. H. Strayer. A. D. Rowc, A- N. Raub, M. W. Herr, T. R. McGhee, I. L. McCloskey and D. M. Brun- gard. POPULATION OF COUNTY. AccordinL,^ to the first census, taken after the organization of the county, the entire population amounted to only 8,323. In 1850 it had increased to 11,207. I" ^^^^ to 17,723. Ten years later it stood at 23,211. In 1880 the number was 26,278, and at the last census, taken in 1890, the population had increased to 28,685. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 33 PRESENT COUNTY OFFICIALS. The present county officers are Hon. Charles A. Mayer, President Judge ; Hon. James W. Crawford and Hon. James W. Clark, Associate Judges; J. Irwin Hagerman, Official Stenographer; Hon. J. C. Quiggle, Representative; John F. Brown, Prothonotary; A. S. Grow, Register and Recorder; Henry T. Jarrett, Deputy Register and Re- corder; S. Woods Caldwell, Treasurer; W. M. Ever- hart, Sheriff; John F. Brosius, A. H. Kissel and Lyons Mussina, Commissioners; Alexander Flanigan and Samuel Fulton, Jury Commissioners; William F. Moyer, Harry L. Bridgens and John McGhee, Auditors; James A. Wensel, Deputy Treasurer; D. I. McNaul, Deputy Sheriff; Joha C. Clark, Deputy Prothonotary; E. S. McNaul, Commis- sioners' Clerk. CLINTON COUNTY FISH AND GAME PRO- TECTIVE ASSOCIATION. The Clinton County Fish and Game Protective Asso- ciation was organized in Lock Haven at the office of Dr. J. H. Hayes, February 19th, 1892, with the following officers: Dr. J. H. Hayes, President; Dr. W. J. Shoemaker, Vice- President; J. F. Brown, Secretary; G. L. Morlock, Treas- urer; H. T. Harvey, Solicitor. Board of Managers — L. M. Morrison, Moore Frede- ricks, Charles J. Wait, E. J. Israel and Charles Keiger, Lock Haven; J. V. Quiggle, Pine Station; Charles H. Rich, Richville; R. W. A. Jamison, Jamison's Mills; Nicholas Watt, Hamm.ersley Forks; A. S. Furst, Cedar Springs; Charles Sigmund, Sr., Salona; H. G. Holmes, North Bend; C. K. Soher, Glen Union; Harvey Kleckner, Logan Mills; Wallace Gakle, Keating. The association has a membership of sevent^'^-five, and meets the first Tuesday of each month at the office of Dr- J. H. Hayes, on Water street, Lock Haven, Pa. 3 34 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. CLINTON COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The Clinton County Medical Society was organized June 12th, 1888, with the following named persons as officers: Dr. J. M. Dum, President; Dr. R. B. Watson, Vice-Pres- ident; Dr. F. P. Ball, Secretary; L. M. Holloway, Treas- urer; Dr. W. J. Shoemaker, J. E. Tibbens and A. G. Walls, Censors. Present Officers — Dr. W. J. Shoemaker, President; Dr. A. J. Stokes, Vice-President; Dr. H. C. Lichtenthaler, Secretary; Dr. F. P. Ball, Treasurer; Dr. J. H. Hayes, Dr. R. Armstrong and Dr. R. B. Watson, Censors. The Clinton County Medical Society meets the second Tuesday of each month in the office of Dr. J. H. Hayes, on Water street, Lock Haven, Pa. The society has nineteen members. POSTOFFICES OF CLINTON COUNTY. Beech Creek, Bitumen, Boonville, Caldwell, Carroll, Cedar Springs, Chatham Run, Clintondale, Farrandsville, Flemington, Glen Union, Greenburr, Hammersley's Forks, Haneyville, Hyner, Island, Keating, Lamar, Lock Haven, Logan Mills, Loganton, McElhattan,Mackeyville,Mill Hall, Parvin, Pine Station, Rauchtown, Renovo, Rosecrans, Rote, Salona, Shintown, Tylersville, Westport and Wistar. CLINTON COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. CHnton County Agricultural Society was organized March 12th, 1881. Its first officers were Joel A. Herr, President; W. S. Clawater, Secretary; S. D. Ball, Treasurer. The present officers are Joel A. Herr, Cedar Springs, President; William Hayes, Mackeyville, Secretary; W. H. Dornblaser, Lamar, Treasurer. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 35 POMONA GRANGE, No. 29, P. OF H. Pomona Grange No. 29, P. of H., was organized in 1875. The present officers are John McNaul, Salona, Master; C. J. Wasson, Cedar Springs, Lecturer; David Mapes, Beech Creek, Secretary; James Taylor, Mackeyville, Treasurer. GEOLOGY OF CLINTON COUNTY. By Prof. Isaac A. Harvey, A. M. Ph. D. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. ALL the strata which form the geological structure of Clinton county, so far as they are exposed or accessible to investigation, are included in the Paleozoic time, one of the four divisions of geological time, to wit: Archaean, Paleo- zoic, Mesozoic and Ccnozoic. The lowest epoch of the Paleozoic time is the Acadian, the next, the Potsdam sandstone, and the highest is the Permian epoch. The general divisions of the Paleozoic column or time are the Silurian, or age of inverebrates, the Devonian, or age of fishes, and the Carboniferous, or age of coal plants, and these are sub-divided into their several periods and epochs. The Acadian and Potsdam epochs nowhere come to the surface in this county, but the next strata above, viz : The limestones of the Trenton, Chazy and Calciferous epochs, which are exposed in part in Nippenose, Nittany and Sugar Valleys, are the lowest visible strata in the county. The Pennsylvania second Geological Survey have adopted and used a Paleozoic column, as follows : The Potsdam S. S. is No. I, the Trenton, Chazy and Calciferous limestones, No. 2, the Hudson river and Utica shales. No. 3, the Oneida and Medina S. S-, No. 4, the Clinton shales and Niagara limestone, No. 5, the Lower Helderberg limestone, No. 6, the Oriskany S. S., No. 7, the Chemung, Portage, Hamil- ton, Marcellus and Upper Helderberg epochs. No. 8, the Catskill "old red" S. S., No. 9, the Pocono S. S., No. 10, the Mauch Chunk red shale, No. 11, the Conglomerate PROF. ISAAC R. HflRYEY, Pli. D. Geologist, Beech Creek, Pa, PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 37 rock, No. 12, the Lower Productive Coal Measures, No. 13, the Lower Barren Measures, No. 14, the Upper Pro- ductive Coal Measures, No. 15, the Upper Barren Meas- ures, No. 16, and the Permian epoch. No. 17. The ex- posures in this county, as already intimated, include the epochs from No. 2 to No. 13 — the limestones of the valleys to the "Lower Productive Coal Measures." Through the middle of Nittany Valley extends an anti- clinal axis, from which the limestone of No. 2 dips north- west, under the Bald Eagle mountains, and never comes to the surface again in Pennsylvania. To the southeast the limestone dips under the Sugar Valley mountain, and thence rises to the surface in Sugar Valley, whence it dips under the BrushValley mountain to re-appear again farther south- east. The Bald Eagle mountain is formed by the Hudson river and Utica shales, the Medina Southeast and the Clinton shales, Nos. 3, 4 and 5, all of which dip with No. 2, and are under the Bald Eagle creek. Thence, as we ap- proach the coal regions to the northwest, the other mem- bers or groups of the Paleozoic section come in their order of super-position, the rapid dip to the northwest dimin- ishing, from 80° at the Bald Eagle mountain, to 5° or 6° in the coal measures. When we reach the hills containing the coal, the limestone measures of Nittany Valley are from 12,000 to 15,000 feet beneath us, and hence the Bald Eagle mountain should be at least two miles high to include any coal beds of value ; and all the epochs from No. 2 to No. 13 should be found in their order before reaching the coal. The geological height and vertical height must not be confused; for the rapid dip of the measures carries the Nos. 4 and 5 of the Bald Eagle mountain top very far beneath the hills containing the coal beds, say from 10,000 to 12,000 feet ; although the Bald Eagle mountain is as high as tRe coal beds in Clinton county. COAL BEDS. The entire coal areas of Clinton county ai^ found in the following localities : In the Beech Creek and Tangascootac 38 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. basin, extending into the Farrandsville and Queen's Run regions, and the Karthaus-Keating basin, extending from the Keating townships, northeast to theWestport basin, and thence into the northern portion of Leidy and Chapman townships, in which some small detached areas of the lowest coal beds are in the hilltops. All the coal in these basins is bituminous; that is, containing from 18 to 30 per cent, of volatile matter, and 58 or 60 to 70 per cent, of fixed carbon. Of course there are some slight variations from this quality; as in the Queen's Run coal, which yielded 73 to 75 per cent, of fixed carbon, and 15 to 20 per cent, of volatile matter, indicating a coal approaching semi-bitumi- nous in quality. The Conglomerate rock is the base of the valuable or workable coal beds, although some intra-conglomerate seams enlarge locally to a workable thickness, and, in rare instances, the Pocono S. S., No. 10, Subcarboniferous, has thin seams of coal, but only at one place, Tipton Station, Blair county, has any coal been mined with profit from this horizon. Sporadic deposits of carbonaceous matter, resembling coal, occur in some of the lower measures, but never any pure coal in workable shape. The marcellus shales have yielded 15 to 20 per cent, of combustible matter; but this is only one-fifth or one-sixth of the shales which yield it, and, hence, it is valueless. The Hudson river and Utica shales, of No. 3, out-crop at various places in Nippenose and Nittany Valleys beneath the sandstone of No. 4. These shales are oftentimes car- bonaceous, being of a dark brown, or even a black color, and they are frequently supposed to contain coal. ^Much money has been imprudently expended in vain efforts to open coal in 'these shales and slates. The recent futile drilling operations in Nippenose Valley indicate how far people may be misled in this respect, and yet no advice from competent geologists would avail to prevent the use- less work and expense. A brief study of the geological PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 39 structure of Pennsylvania, and particularly of Clinton county would have sufficed to teach those concerned that no coal could possibly be discovered in Nippenose Valley. The same conclusion will apply to Nittany Valley, where the slates and shales of the same quality and period appear in immense quantities. The discovery of anthracite, semi- anthracite or cannel coal cannot be expected in this county, and, therefore, all efforts to develop or find any coal beneath the conglomerate rock will never repay the time and money expended. VERTICAL SECTION OF COAL MEASURES. A complete section of the coal measures, in their best condition and greatest height in this county, includes eight coal beds, with various seams of fire-clay and limestone, and nests or local deposits of carbonate iron ore, as follows : Mahoning sandstone and shales. Coal, Bed E, Upper Freeport Dam, Fire clay floor, ----- Limestone, local bed, Sandstone, shales and slates, - - - Coal, Bed D, Lower Freeport Dam, Moshannon, Karthaus and Reynolds- ville coal, ------ Fire clay floor, - - - - - Limestone, in some places, - - - Shales and slates, - - - - - Coal, Bed C, Upper Kittanning, Snow Shoe D, - ----- Fire clay floor, ----- Limestone, Johnstown cement, - - - Sandstone and shales, - - - - Coal, Bed C, Middle Kittanning, ^ Fire clay floor, - - - - - Shaley S. S. and slates, - - - - Coal, Bed B, Lower Kittanning, Fire clay floor, - - - - 25' to 40' 2' to 4)4' 2' to 3' 2' to 4' 30' to 40' 3' to 6' 2' to 3' 2' to 4' 25' to 40' 2>^' to 4' 2' to 3' 2' to 5' 20' to 30' I' to 4' 2' to 4' 20' to 25' 2>^' ' to 6' 3' to 8' 25' to 40' l' to 3' 2' to 3' 20' to 25' l' to 4' 2' to 4' 20' to 40' 40 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Shales and slates, sometimes including nodules of carbonate iron ore in seams of one, two or three feet, called Clarion ore, with seam of feniferous limestone i'to3', - Coal, Bed A, Clarion, Fire clay floor, _ _ - - - Sandstone and shales. Coal, Bed A, Brookeville, Fire clay floor, - - - - - Sandstone, - - - - - Fire clay. Woodland, Blue ball, Queen's Run, Farrandsville, &c., &c., - - 3' to 20' Sandstone and shales, top bench of con- glomerate rock, - - - - - 30' to 60' Coal, Mt. Savage, Mercer, Intra-conglom- erate bed, - - - - - l' to 3' Conglomerate rock, No. 12 with two or three thin coals, - - - - - 100' to 150' DESCRIPTION OF COAL BEDS. The upper coal, bed E, called the Upper Freeport, has a very small area, being confined to West Keating township, where it does not include more than 300 acres, mostly in detached hilltops of a few acres each. Hence this coal is of small importance in this county, although some portions of its area can be profitably mined in connection with the lower beds. Its thickness is from two to four and a half feet, and the amount of coal contained in it is from 5,000 to 6,000 tons per acre, or 1,500,000 tons in its entire area. Not more than 1,000,000 tons of coal could be recovered or utilized. The coal is of good quality, and in some Western counties coal E is extensive and important. Bed D, the Lower Freeport coal, is widely known as the Moshannon, Karthaus and Reynoldsville bed, being mined also in many other regions. Being 40 feet lower in the section than Bed E, it has a much larger extent. This coal is found only in East and West Keating townships, and its PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 4I area is probably from 1,000 to 1,500 acres, two-thirds of which are in West Keating township. The coal of this bed is popular among operators and dealers, by reason of its superior quality and thickness, and it supplies most of the coal now mined in Clearfield county for shipment over the Tyrone and Clearfield railroad and the Beech Creek railroad. It is likewise highly valued in the Karthaus region, and in Jefferson and other counties. The 1,000 to 1,500 acres contain 6,000 to 7,000 tons of coal per acre, and the whole amount of coal in this bed is from 7,500,000 to 8,000,000 tons. Probably 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 tons would be the output of coal by careful mining. Bed C, the Upper Kittanning or Snow Shoe Bed D, has an area of 3,000 to 3,500 acres, mostly in East and West Keating townships, a small and unimportant acreage being in Noyes township, in the Westport basin. With a thick- ness of 2)/^ to 4 feet, this coal contains 5,000 tons of coal per acre. Its area contains 15,000,000 to 18,000,000 tons, of which amount perhaps 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 tons can be utilized. The coal compares favorably with that of Bed D, and at many places in the Keating townships it can be mined with profit. In the Snow Shoe basin this bed fur- nishes a large quantity of coal for Eastern markets, and it is mined in many other regions for local or general use. Bed C, the Middle Kittanning coal, underlies from 5,000 to 6,000 acres, more than three-fourths of this acreage being in the Keating townships, a small area in the Westport basin, and a few hundred acres in the Beech Creek and Tangascootac regions. Coal C is rarely mined for Eastern trade, but it supplies domestic fuel in many places. This bed is supposed to be identical with the cannel coal bed of West Virginia and Kentucky. Much of its area is unreli- able and faulty, but in some localities it yields coal in good shape and condition. Its thickness ranges from i to 4 feet, and, as it has an average of 3,500 tons of coal per acre, the quantity of coal in this bed is from 18,000,000 to 20,000,000 tons. Only about one-half the amount is accessible for mining or use. 42 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Bed B, the Lower Kittanning coal, is largely mined at Blossburg, Osceola, Coal Port and many other places. It has been mined with much success in many counties which do not contain Bed D. Its extent in this county is 6,000 to 8,000 acres in the Keating townships, 2,500 acres in the Westport basin, 500 to 600 acres along Beech Creek, 600, 800 or possibly 1,000 acres in the Tangascootac basin, and 500 to 1,000 acres in various isolated areas in other townships; or a total extent of about 12,000 acres. The thickness of Bed B varies from 2}^ to 6 feet, the latter thickness being developed in the Westport basin. Hence it may be fairly estimated to contain 6,000 tons of coal per acre, or 70,000,000 tons in its whole extent. About 50,000.- 000 tons of coal can be mined from this bed, the other 20,000,000 tons being in outcrops, remote places and inac- cessible areas. Bed A', the Clarion coal, is usually too thin to be of economic value. Therefore, while its area is from 15,000 to 20,000 acres, a very sniall part of this acreage can be mined with any advantage. It enlarges, locally, to 3 or 3 ^ feet, and yields good coal. Assuming that one-fifth of its extent is minable, I may compute the workable coal in this bed to be from 12,000,000 to 15,000,000 tons, nearly all of which is in the Keating townships, with a small workable area in the Westport basin. Elsewhere in this county the Clarion coal is too thin to be of any value. Bed A, the Brookville coal, is only mined for local use in the state, for the reason that it is either beneath the coal railroads, and the other coal beds are more desirable, or it is too impure in many mining regions to be of much prac- tical value. However, a considerable area of coal A in our county may become valuable, as the coal is of better form and quality here than it is farther west. The extent of this coal is about 20,000 acres — 15,000 in the Keating townships and 5,000 in the other coal regions named. The quantity of coal per acre in this bed is from 3,000 to 4,000 tons, and the entire amount may be stated as 65,000,000 to PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 43 70,000,000 tons. One-half of the entire amount can be mined; but the prospective value of Bed A is good, but it is not yet much in demand for investment and mining. This coal is valuable in Centre county, although it is not mined for market. The Mount Savage, or Mercer coal, is an inter-conglom- erate bed, being beneath the Homewood sandstone, the upper bench of the conglomerate rock. With an area of 30,000 acres, it can hardly be said to have any importance. However, some portions of its extent will yield sufficient coal per acre, and of such quality, that it may sometime acquire economic value. This bed enlarges to 3 feet in some parts of the Keating basin. The whole amount of coal in minable shape may be estimated at 30,000,000 tons, contained in selected areas of 5,000 or 6,000 acres from its entire 30,000 acres. SUMMARY OF COAL BEDS. In a brief summary of the coal in Clinton county we have : Minitmm. Maximiim. 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 tons 7,500,000 to 8,000,000 " - 15,000,000 to 18,000,000 " 1 8,000,000 to 20,000,000 " - 70,000,000 to 75,000,000 " 15,000,000 to 18,000,000 " - 65,000,000 to 70,000,000 " 25,000,000 to 30,000,000 " In Bed E, " D, - - - '• c, " C, - - - " B, - - " A', - - - "A, - - M't Savage, Total,- - - - 217,000,000 to 240,000,000 " Making a more general estimate from these figures, we have from 225 to 240 million tons of coal in beds of work- able thickness, and such areas of thin seams as enlarge locally to a minable size, assuming 3 feet as the minimum. Assigning the amount proportionately to the respective basins we have : In the Keating basin or townships, 135,000,000 to 150,- 44 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 000,000 ; in the West Port basin, 40,000,000 tons ; in the Beech Creek, Tangascootac and Queen's Run basins and other outlying areas, 50,000,000 tons. Of the 225 to 240 million tons of coal in this county hardly more than two- thirds can be mined for railroad transportation, and the branch railroads, which will make this coal accessible, are yet to be constructed. The amount of coal in the Beech Creek region of Clinton county only includes a small por- tion of the Beech Creek basin proper, as the workable coal lies mostly in Centre county, and only extends a short distance into this county. The Beech Creek basin is an extension northeastward of the Snow Shoe basin. The amount of coal seems to be large, but there are single townships in Clearfield county which have as much coal as the above estimate for Clinton county. Yet there is a large quantity of good coal in our county, and much of it will be utilized ere many years. FIRE CLAY. Each coal seam is underlaid by fire clay, mostly, how- ever, of inferior quality ; but in some places the clay under Beds B and C is good, and has been worked with advantage. In the coal measures occurs the bed of fire clay which is valuable and important in many counties, and mined exten- sively at Sandy Ridge, Blue Ball, Wallaceton, Philipsburg and Woodland, in Clearfield and Centre counties, at Barr Station and Bennezette, in Elk county, at Farrandsville and Queen's Run, in Clinton county, and in many other local- ities. This bed of fire clay underlies coal Bed A by an interval ranging- from 3 to 40 feet. In this county the fire clay has an area larger than coal A, and it probably extends through 25,000 acres of territory. Its thickness varies from 3 to 20 feet, the latter section having been obtained in the Westport coal basin. Hence there are at least 250,000,000 or 300,- 000,000 tons of the fire clay in our coal regions, besides which, the under clay of the respective coal beds is some- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 45 times of good quality; notably that of Bed B, which has been mined in the Queen's Run region, yielding a soft clay. The impression that the soft clay and hard clay are of distinct qualities is erroneous. All fire clay was originally soft, and the clay of this bed, as developed at Farrandsville and Queen's Run, is variable in its character from one point to another, some openings showing more or less soft or plastic clay mixed with hard clay ; other openings showing either hard or soft clay, according to the depth of the clay from the surface and the quality and compactness of the roof and cover. So, in many places, the fire clay is soft at outcrop, but it becomes firmer under cover, till it acquires the hardness of rock, and can only be mined by blasting. In some instances the clay may be soft under considerable areas, but, if such be the case, the roof and cover are too thin to protect the clay from the softening effects of water and exposure to the atmosphere. It must be admitted, also, that the chemical composition of soft clay is slightly dif- ferent from that of hard day; but the variance can be ex- plained as the effect of surface influences and exposure. In exploring for good fire clay, let it be remembered that hard clay, so much preferred, only shows itself on or near the surface in rare instances, and, as a rule, the bed has a soft outcrop. Many persons have found the plastic clay of the important bed on the surface, and yet discarded it because the outcrop was not hard. If they had developed the clay under good cover, they would have found the bed which they were seeking. Good results have been obtained relative to the quality of the fire clay in the Keating, Tangascootac and Beech Creek regions, and in the Westport basin, and, in the Queen's Run and Farrandsville regions the clay has been well developed and tested, and its great quantity and excel- lent quality are assured. Doubtless, further investigation will show as good results from the fire clay in the other coal regions of our county. Fortunately, a large amount of clay in these basins is near 46 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the railroad lines, having, withal, a decided advantage of accessibility and convenience to transportation and market, over the fire clay operators in Clearfield and Centre counties. IRON ORE. In the coal measures are found local nests of nodules of Gray Carbonate iron ore or Siderite Spathic ore, but these deposits are seldom of any value, being limited to a small area and not containing sufficient metallic iron to compete with the richer ores of our limestone valleys. These nod- ular ores are often indicated by Brown Hematite or bog ore outcrops, which contain a larger per cent, of iron than the nodular ore from which it is derived. When convenient for shipment or hauling to a furnace, these hematites and gray carbonate ores, being very free from phosphorus, are used for mixing with the limestone hematites. At the base of the conglomerate rock, and in the Mauch Chunk red shale. No. 11, occur similar carbonate iron ores with their bog ore (limonite) or brown hematite outcrops. In the Pocono sandstone. No. 10, no iron ore of value is likely to be discovered, but some brown hematite, bog or carbonate ore is occasionally noted in this epoch. The Catskill red sandstone, No. 9, the " old red sand- stone," of Hugh Miller, contains some thin seams of brown hematite and local carbonate ore, and in Perry county thin layers of red hematite have been observed in this group. There is not sufficient prospect of valuable iron ore in this red shale to encourage much investigation. In the Che- mung, Portage, Genessee, Hamilton, Marcellus and Upper Helderburg, No. 8, iron ore occurs at various horizons' mostly, however, of little or no economical importance. In some places the Chemung and Portage shales and sandstones contain limited scams of lean hematite or sandy iron ore. A fossil iron ore of some value has been observed in the Hamilton group in one or two places in Pennsyl- vania, and at the base of the Marcellus shales is an iron PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 4/ bearing horizon, usually of brown hematite, limonite or bog ore, and sometimes of a honey comb or pipe form. The Oriskany sandstone, No. 7, is absent in many por- tions of this county, and very thin where exposed, having no iron ore horizon, as far as can be discovered. The Lower Helderberg, No. 6, affords some good brown hematite ore in several localities in Pennsylvania, notably in Blair county, and this epoch is represented by benches of limestone along Bald Eagle Valley, in our county- Some indications of iron ore have been observed in these benches, but no develpment of value has been made. The Fossil ore and Block ore of Clinton shales, No. 5, have importance in various counties, and the ores used to supply the Mill Hall furnace were mined from beds in the shales of this period. Some ore was also obtained from No. 2, limestone, to supply this furnace. What value these ores may have in the future will depend on their further development, size, quality and demand ; for the seams, as far as developed, are too thin and unreliable to be mined in competition with the richer and more abundant ores of the valley limestones of No. 2. The Oneida and Medina sandstone, No. 4, sometimes shows surface or "float" ore, but seldom contains ore which could be mined with profit. The Hudson river and the Utica shales. No. 3, will hardly encourage any inspection for iron ore, although, like every other group or number of our Paleozoic column, local nests of iron ore, either bog or hematite, may occur in these shales. THE MOST IMPORTANT IRON ORE IN CLINTON COUNTY. In the limestone strata, No. 2, of our Nippeno.se, Nittany and Sugar valleys, are the most important iron ores of Clinton county. While some of the epochs above described may supply ore of value, yet it is not likely that any beds of ore as rich, large and valuable as the brown hematite of our valleys will ever be discovered. 48 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Much is yet to be done in the development of the ores, which consist of pipe ore, kidney or lump ore, and wash ore, filling caverns or fissures in the limestone, deposited on the surface, or in persistent seams in the rock; the latter, by reason of their persistency, being the most im- portant. A demand for ore will induce further explora- tion and prospecting, and we can reasonably hope or ex- pect that many of our valley farms will acquire much additional value for the iron ore which they contain. The magnetic and red hematite or specular iron ores belong to the Azoic rocks; that is, the Archoean regions, where the rocks are metamosphic. The valuable iron ranges which yield these ores are of an age preceding our Palezoic sec- tion. Thus the immense beds of ores in Wisconsin, Mich- igan, Missouri and other states are in Azoic rocks. The same is true of the magnetic ores of New Jersey and Southern Pennsylvania; but the Silurian and Devonian strata of the Palezoic formations, in rare instances, contain magnetic ore, and some is claimed in later rocks — that is, of the Mesozoic epochs or formations. The Azoic rocks nowhere appear in Clinton county, being far beneath the limestones. No. 2, and, therefore, it seems futile to explore for these ores in formations which have never been known to afford them in paying quantity, and any magnetic or red hematite iron ore that may occur in the No. 2 limestones is likely to be in the lower layers of the group and, hence, not accessible. LEAD AND ZINC. The reports of the finding of stray pieces of lead, near Salona, are credible, inasmuch as the limestone, thereabouts, may contain lead or zinc, and the discovery of these metals in that vicinity is not impossible. SILVER AND GOLD. Despite the various stories and startling assertions of the presence of gold and silver quartz in different townships, I may venture the opinion that about all the available gold PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 49 and silver in Clinton county will be found in the vaults of our banks, and distributed throuL^hout the county in the shape of coin, jewelry, and gold and silverware. TIN AND NICKEL. Any effort to discover tin or nickel would seem to be useless, as no trace or evidence of either metal has been found in our county. COAL OIL. It cannot be asserted, with any degree of certainty, whether there is valuable petroleum or not in the rocks of Clinton county. Only experimental drilling will answer this question. Some prospectors encourage the idea that the rocks of this county contain valuable oil. It seems, however, that our county is too far east to have much oil, as the forma- tions are too much broken, disturbed and exposed. As the conditions are not favorable for oil, it is doubtful whether the results obtained by drilling would repay the expense and effort. GAS. Gas may occur at almost any horizon, often being found with the oil, beneath the oil and at various points where there are no oil wells or prospects of oil. Gas has flown from drill holes and wells which penetrated beneath the oil horizons, and much gas is generated or produced in the carbonaceous shales and slates, whether the product of sea weeds, ancient plant life or marine animals and fishes, or all. Gas may thus come from many horizons which could not produce oil in flowing or paying quantity, or where the shales have been saturated with oil which cannot be col- lected or utilized. If I were asked whether there is any gas in Clinton county, I would say, that depends on an investigation by drilling. But any such experimentation should be done carefully and advisedly, for the prospects of finding good combustible gas in the rocks of Clinton county are vague, uncertain and not encouraging. i 50 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. LIMESTONE. The various limestone strata are included in No. 2, the valley limestones; No. 5, Niagara limestone; No. 6, Lower Helderberg limestone, outcropping along Bald Eagle valley ; some impure seams in the Chemung, Portage and Marcellus of No. 8; also in the Pocono, No. 10; and in the coal measures occur two or three seams of limestone which ac- company the coal beds. The purest limestone is that of No. 2, and in places in this same formation or groups s'hould be found the Cement limestone, and the Magnesian lime- stone, the latter being dolomitic. Silica and alumina, in quantity respectively, ranging from 8 to 15 per cent., and combined with the lime, produce a good hydraulic cement. The Magnesian limestone, which isusually very abundant, contains from 20 to 40 per cent, of carbonate of magnesia, 50 to 70 per cent, of carbonate of lime, with a small per cent, of iron, silica, &c. The Crystalline limestone, or marble, has not been found in good condition in this county, and it is not probable that good statuary marble will be dis- covered; as the limestone in our valleys does not seem to have been subjected to the metamorphic action of heat, which alone would have produced marble from the original or fossil limestone. Some limestone of a variegated structure or appearance may be obtained that will be suitable for a very cheap grade of marble, but that is doubtful. SOIL. The arable soil of Clinton county is distributed as fol- lows: The limestone soil of Nippenose, Sugar and Nittany valleys; the alluvial and partly limestone soil of Bald Eagle valley; the red shale lands along the river, and the north side of Bald Eagle valley; the detached and isolated areas on the mountains and hills, and the shale and slate lands of the coal measures. I The erosion and detritus of the Medina and Oneida sand- stone, No. 4, of the Hudson river and Utica shales, No. 3, PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 5 1 and of the limestone of No. 2, have produced the soil of our valleys between the mountains; while the Clinton shales, the Helderberg limestone, the Marcellus shales, Oriskany sandstone and the Catskill red sandstone, Nos. 5,6, 7, 8 and 9, have formed the soil of Bald Eagle valley. The de- tritus and alluvium from formations Nos. 7 to 13, inclusive, — the Chemung to the coal measures — have made the bottom lands along the river. In the coal regions the shales and slates, with some sand- stone and a slight admixture of fire clay and limestone, pro- duce the soil, and, as the Conglomerate rock or Millstone grit is the base of the coal sections, the arable area of sur- face is almost accurately defined by the extent of the coal beds ; that is, the Conglomerate rock comes to the surface to cut off or limit the coal beds, and, in most places, the tillable soil. CONCLUSION. In a brief resume, permit me to say that the apparent mineral resources of our county are the coal, fire clay and iron ores, as described, with some prospect of the discovery of zinc and lead with the limestone of No. 2. How often we hear the expression, "These mountains and hills must contain something of value, and there should be unknown and undeveloped minerals in immense quantities in these strata and rocks." Now, if geology teaches anything, it teaches that not all things were made for utility, and it unites with the other sciences to testify that the beauties of the earth are to be studied as well as its economic products; that the true, the beautiful and the good, as well as the useful, were in the Divine mind when Cosmos was evoked out of Chaos, and that much has been formed and must be left to teach us and our posterity the greatness of God's purpose, and power and love; much that it will not become us to despoil, de- face or destroy. It was trite enough for one to have said that mountains were made for fools to look at; implying that only fools 52 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. would wonder about or desire the imaginary wealth con- tained therein. Would it not have been equally trite and pertinent to have said again? "The same mountains are for wise men to admire and venerate." The mountains of Pennsylvania and of our own county are best appreciated by those who have lived near them, and have since taken up their abode in the plains of the West. It hardly occurs to us, that, in the order of events, these mountains with their scenery, witnesses, as they are, of the grandeur of nature and the goodness of their Creator, shall be marred, disfigured or thrown down by men in their mercenary search for riches. All the impressive majesty of this world is in its geological aspects, and I often wonder why the science is not more engaging to all classes of people, and why they fail to see or understand its attrac- tiveness; for it is the noblest of all the natural sciences, and its testimonies are the most convincing and elevating of all that is or has been uninspired — elevating to the spirit and mind of man. In connection with revelation it affords the noblest evidences of God's mercy and grace to us ward, and, of all sciences, it is the best adjunct to the Sciptures. It is hard for a man to be an atheist or an infidel while studying geology or engaged in it as an active pursuit. If words fail to convince men, if revelation would not impress nor exhortation persuade them, then, standing in the pres- ence of the beauty, majesty and grandeur of some of nature's noblest handiwork, such as Yosemite, speaking so much more than words can convey of Divine architecture and Divine power, one would think that all would be so im- pressed and wonder-stricken, that they would feel impelled to kneel in awe and reverence, and, with voices full of de- votion and thanksgiving, make that beautiful valley of Mari- posa a vast amphitheatre of worship and of praise. X. B. RINGLER, Lock Haven, Pa. TOWNSHIPS OF CLINTON COUNTY. ALLISON TOWNSHIP. ALLISON township was one of the original twelve town- ships of Clinton county. It was named in honor of Rev. Francis Allison, D. D. The township, as first erected, was bounded on the north by Woodward and Dunnstable, on the east by Wayne, on the south by Lamar and Bald Eagle, and on the west by Bald Eagle township. When Lock Haven was incor- porated as a city, March 28th, 1870, the limits of the city took in Flemington borough and a considerable part of Allison township. Section 3, of the same act, put that part of Allison town- ship, not included within the boundaries of Lock Haven, into Lamar township, thus blotting from the county map the township of Allison. In 1872 an act was past, repealing section 3 of the act of 1870, annexing the remaining part to Lamar, and this part, which formed a neck between Lock Haven and Lamar township, was in 1873 added to Dunnstable township, where it remained as a part of the said township until 1877, when it and other parts of Dunnstable were erected into Cas- tanea. July 15th, 1878, the Court re-erected Allison township, and gave it political life and a place on the county map. It was to be composed of all that part of the original territory of Allison township, and the borough of Flemington, lying west and north of the west and north lines of the First, Second, Third and Fourth wards of Lock Haven. Thus the township lives, but is shorn of much of its original ter- ritory. Allison township is now bounded on the north by Woodward, the West Branch and Lock Haven city, on the 54 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. east by Castanea, on the west by Bald Eagle, on the south by Bald Eagle and Lamar townships. Among the early settlers were the Carskaddons and Patrick Moore, who came from Ireland before the Revo- lution, and Squire Devlin, who settled on what was after- wards known as the Hunt farm, the buildings of which, as before stated, stood near the site now occupied by the Eagle Hotel, on Bald Eagle street. The Logues were also among the early settlers. John Mader came to Allison township previous to 1800; he married Sarah Logue. James Cars- kaddon came to the section in 1794, and located on the spot where the venerable Joseph Bridgens now resides. The Bridgens' dwelling was erected on the same foundation built for the Carskaddon house, in 1795. James Welsh, who was born at Monseytown Bottoms in 1802, was another pioneer resident of Allison township. He served nine years as county commissioner of Clinton county, and was for many years a pilot on the Susquehanna from Lock Haven to Tidewater. The bones of nearly all these pioneer settlers repose beneath the sod of Great Island cemetery. BALD EAGLE. Bald Eagle township was one of the twelve original townships, into which Clinton county was formed, when orcranized, in 1839. Since that time it has been dimin- ished in size by the forming of other townships, until it now contains but a small portion of its original territory. The township is now bounded on the north by Grugan and Colebrook, on the east by Allison and Lamar, on the south by Lamar and Beech Creek, and on the west by Beech Creek township. The first regular authorized settlement made in Bald Eagle township, under an actual government survey, was made soon after the survey of the officer's tract, along Bald Eagle creek, m 1769. The first settlers of the township were mostly from the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 55 southeastern part of the State, several families coming from Lancaster county, and a number from Chester. Among the pioneers was William Reed, who settled in Plunket's Run, several miles back from the "flats." He was called "Hickory Reed," on account of his physi- cal toughness. He located about the year 1776. He was the grandfather of the venerable surveyor, James David, and great-grandfather of Flarius David, present county sur- veyor of Clinton county. The mineral wealth of Bald Eagle township is confined to the Tangascootac basin. Coal was discovered there in 1826 by James David. The first school house in Beech Creek township was located on the left bank of Bald Eagle creek, a few rods above the bridge. A very short time after the erection of this house, a school was opened in the vicinity of Mill Hall, where the Beech Creek railroad station now stands, and two years later a school building was erected about half a mile east of Mr. Packer's residence, on the site now occupied by the Harleman house. In 1834 a school house was built in Mill Hall, the only collection of houses entitled to the name of village in the township. This house was located about the centre of the town, on or near the spot where the school house now stands. In 1848 a second school house was erected in Mill Hall, and two years later the village was incorporated as a borough. The first Sabbath school in the county was organized in Bald Eagle township by Joseph Bartles, in a building which stood just above where Mann's axe factory now stands. At the first election held in Bald Eagle township after the organization of Clinton county, the following officers were elected : J. M. Miller, Justice of the Peace; William Fisher, Con- stable; George Soder and William Huff, Supervisors; Levi Packer and George Williams, Overseers of the Poor; Ben- jamin Fredricks and David Logan, Auditors ; A. Harle- 56 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. man, Assessor ; William Fearon and John Smith, Assistant Assessors ; Samuel McCormick, Asher Packer and George Dressier, School Directors; Thomas A. Smith, Judge of Elections ; William C. Sanderson and Samuel Hayes, In- spectors; George W. Fredricks and William Clark. Fence Viewers ; William L. Hoover, Township Clerk. At this time, March 20th, 1840, the population was 1,178, which included the present territory of Beech Creek town- ship, that township having been taken from Bald Eagle in May, 1850. BEECH CREEK. Beech Creek township was separated from Bald Eagle in May, 1850. The township takes its name from the "Beech creek," which flows through it. It is not known when or by whom the first settlement was made on the stream. It is known that Matthew Smith lived on the stream in 1793, and he was probably the first settler. In 1800 John Quay, Isaac David, Daniel David and James David located above the present borough along Beech creek, on land that had been surveyed to other parties, but after remaining in peaceful possession for twenty- one years they received valid titles. The titles thus ob- tained included all the tillable land along Beech creek, be- tween the mouth of Monument Run and the present borough of Beech creek. The first school house in Beech Creek township was built in 1 8 10. It was constructed of logs, and stood near the Fearon property, and at one time a school was taught in it by Buck Claffin,the father of Victoria Woodhull. The next house was built in 1820, and stood on Beech creek about one mile above the present borough. The next was built under the public school law in 1840, on land then owned by Robert Fearon. There are now seven school buildings in Beech Creek township, all painted and in good condition. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 57 The first church in the township was built by the Meth- odists, in 1834. Both the Methodists and Presbyterians held services in this structure until it was sold, in 1868. This church was located at the west end of the present borough, and was afterwards destroyed by fire. One of the pioneer circuit riders who preached in the neighborhood of Beech Creek was the Rev. Timothy Lee. For many years the principal industry of the township was lumbering. The first mill on Beech creek was built by Henry James, in 181 8. Christian Nestlerode built the second mill in the vicinity, on the Centre county side of the creek, in 1820. George Carr built a mill about five miles from the mouth of the creek, about the year 1824. In 1833 Joseph M. Smith built a mill on Beech creek at the mouth of Monument run. The first lumber sawed at this mill was used in the construction of the Harrisburg bridge. The four mills mentioned above are the pioneer lumbering establishments of the township. Many others have been built since. At the first election held in Beech Creek township, the following named officers were elected: John T. Packer and Andrew White, Justices; Thomas Crispen, Constable; Thomas Crispen and Joseph Linn, Supervisors; Robert Irwin and Cline Quigley, Overseers of the Poor; J. McGhee, J. M. Smith and F. G. W. Hallen- bach, Auditors; Thomas Crispen, Assessor; C. Bollinger, Thomas Crispen, A. Leonard, A. Bittner, William Reed and William Masden, School Directors. The only town in the township is the borough of Beech Creek. CASTANEA TOWNSHIP. At the February term of the Clinton county Common Pleas Court, held in 1877, a petition was presented by a number of the inhabitants of Dunnstable township, praying for the erection of a new township by the division of Dunns- table, which, on account of its great length and ill-shaped 58 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. size, was inconvenient to a large number of its inhabitants. The petitioners asked for a division of said township by a line commencing at a point on the northern bank of the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, where the southern end of the division line between Woodward and Dunnstable came to the river ; thence in a southern direction through Great Island to low water mark on the southern side of Great Island; thence down the river to the northwestern corner of Wayne township. March ist, 1871, the Court appointed George J. Eldrech, Jacob Quiggle and John Earon to inquire into the propriety of granting the said prayer. May 19th, 1877, the commissioners made their re- port, recommending the said division. The voters of Dunns- table township met on December ist, 1877, and by a majority vote consented to the said division, and on De- cember 10, 1877, the Court approved the division, and gave to the new township the name of Castanea. The township ol Castanea is bounded on the east by Wayne township, on the south by Lamar, on the west by Allison, on the north by Woodward township and Lock Haven. It contains the village of Castanea, from which it derived its name. COLEBROOK TOWNSHIP. Colebrook township is one of the twelve townships into which the county was first divided. In forming the town- ships of Gallauher and Grugan, Colebrook was divided into two parts each, retaining the name. The township is bounded on the north by Grugan and Gallauher, on the east by Woodward, on the south by Bald Eagle, on the west by Grugan township. The streams of the township- are Lick run, Ferney's run, Tangascootac creek and Hol- land's run. Holland and Ferney's runs received their name from individuals. Tangascootac is a name of Indian origin. The minerals of the township are bituminous coal and fire clay. The first settler of the township is said to have been George Saltzman, whose brother, Anthony, was killed by the Indians at the mouth of Queen's run in 1877 The property upon which he located is still owned by the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 59 Saltzman heirs. It is located on the north side of the river, about two and one-half miles west of Lick Run. The first school house erected in the township was built on this tract. About the time Saltzman located on this land a small mill was erected at the mouth of Tangascootac creek. An employe of the mill by the name of Jones was killed by the Indians. Other settlers followed Saltzman, and in a short time all the bottom lands were taken up. Christian Earon came from Germany and settled on what is now known as the Joseph Earon farm, about the year 1825. Tiie far*m is still in the possession of his descendants. The greater part of the mineral lands of the township are now owned by Fredericks, Munro & Co. Fifty years ago the leading industry of Clinton county was located at Far- randsville, in Colebrook township. The name of the town- ship was formerly spelled Coalbrook, and was derived from the discovery of coal on one of the streams. In 1866 the Alumina Fire Brick Company began the manufacture of fire brick at the mouth of Ferney's run. Their works were afterwards destroyed by fire, and have never been rebuilt. Ira Mason built a large saw mill on the Tangascootac creek, near its mouth, in 1864. A large water power shingle mill was afterwards erected in connection with the saw mill, and six extensive dams were constructed on the stream at a cost of ^25,000. The mill and improvements connected with it cost at least ;^ 100,000. The township now has two schools, one of which is at Farrandsville. There are about eighty families in the town- ship, the greater part of them living in the vicinity of Far- randsville. CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. Previous to the organization of Clinton county, what is now Crawford township, was a part of Limestone township, Lycoming county, and, after the organization of Clinton, it was included in Wayne township. 6o PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The township was created by an act of Assembly, ap- proved January 14, 184 1. It was named in honor of Hon. George Crawford, one of the first Associate Judges of Clin- ton county. This township is bounded on the north by Wayne, on the east by Lycoming county, on the south by Green and on the west by Wayne township. Part of the township lies in Nippenose valley. The first improvement in the valley was made by John Clark in 1776, He and his family were driven away by the Indians at the time of the Revolution, but they returned in 1784. The valley is thickly populated, and contains quite a num- ber of prosperous and populous towns and villages. It was in this now peaceful valley that the famous Indian hunter, Peter Pence, once lived. Some of his descendants yet re- side in the valley. That portion of Crawford township within the limits of Nippenose valley was settled about sixty years ago. Other settlements were afterwards made within its limits on the borders of Green township. Much of the land is moun- tainous. Among the early settlers of the first settled por- tion we find the names Green, Shaw, Showers, Sallade> Gebhart, Shadle, Ranch, Brosius and Smith. The descend- ants of some of these families still form a portion of its people. The mountain portion of the township contained at one time much valuable timber. Agriculture and lum- bering have formed the principal business of its inhabitants. Valuable beds of iron ore exist within its limits. Consider- able prospecting has been carried on for coal. Nickle has been discovered, and, if the search were prosecuted, would likely be found to exist in paying quantities. Likewise gold, silver and plumbago have been found in small quantities. Among its citizens who are considerably above three score years and ten, may be mentioned: Mrs. Sara Ghun, widow of Joseph Ghun, deceased, who is still living at the age of about eighty-one years. The venerable Isaac Rob- bins is still living at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 6l CHAPMAN TOWNSHIP. Chapman township was formed while the territory now contained in CHnton belonged to Lycoming county. Since its organization it has lost much of its territory by the erec- tion of other townships. A portion was taken off in the for- mation of Grugan, in 1855, and in the formation of Noyes, in 1875. The West Branch flows through the southern part of the township, and receives as a tributary Young Woman's creek, which joins it at North Bend. Precisely when the first settlement was made in the town- ship is not known. As far as can be learned a man named William Reed cleared a few acres of land at the mouth of Young Woman's creek. He sold his improvement to Samuel Campbell. He in his turn conveyed the same to Thomas Robinson, who obtained a presumption warrant, dated October ist, 1785, for 307 acres. The tract included nearly all the flat land adjacent to the mouth of Young Woman's creek, and was afterwards conveyed by Robinson to Andrew Epple, of Philadelphia, by deed dated January 10, 1787. "The history of North Bend prepared by Judge James W. Crawford gives a full and complete account of the above transactions." A man named Bennett built the first grist mill in the township. A few years later another mill was built at the mouth of Hyner run, and one was also built at the mouth of Paddy's run. These, with another built at the mouth of Tangascootac creek, were the first, and for a long time the only manufacturing establishments on the West Branch above the Big Island. A salt well was bored about the year 1820 by a man named Boggs. It was located on the south side of the river, above the mouth of Boggs' run. He sank the well to a depth of ninety feet, where he found water strongly impregnated with salt, but nothing was ever done towards the manufacturing of the article. About the year 1830 a modern water power mill was 62 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. built on Hyner's run by Leonard and Michael Bradney. This mill was purchased in 1852 by T. B. Loveland and Isaac Shaffer, who, in their turn, sold out to Hansel & Brother in 1855. In 1862 the Hansels built another mill about one-half mile farther down the run, but soon after sold their prop- erty to Kolter, Hoshour & Co., of York county, Pa. In 1872 the firm built a steam mill. The sawing capacity of the steam mill was 5,000,000 feet per year. In 1866 an act was passed by the Legislature, authoriz- ing the construction of a state road from North Point up Young Woman's creek to Germania, in Potter county, a distance of twenty-six and a half miles. By a supplement to the act passed in 1867, Joseph Schwartzenbach, Joseph H. Bailey, John White and A. J. Quigley were appoined commissioners to lay out and open the road, which was ac- complished in 1874, and the road is now in good condition. In 1868 an act was passed, incorporating the Clinton and Potter county Navigation company, the object of which corporation was to improve and clear Young Woman's creek for running down logs. In 1854 R. K. Hawley & Co. erected a saw mill on Young Woman's creek, about one-fourth of a mile from its mouth. In 1872 Messrs. Mensch & Lowenstein, of Wilkes Barre, built a steam mill. The mill had a capacity for saw- ing 6,000,000 feet per year. In 1863 Joseph and George Parsons and Henry Clark also built a large steam saw mill at the mouth of Paddy's run. This mill was purchased in 1876 by Gamble, White & Co. In 1827 a building, which served the two-fold purpose of church and school house, was built at the nK^uth of Young* Woman's creek, under the supervision of Rev. Daniel Barber. The following episode in the history of Chapman township, was written by Hon. A. J. Quigley, a former resident of North F^oint: "In 1837, at the Gubernatorial election, every effort was PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 63 made to re-elect Joseph Ritner. Thaddeus Stephens had designed the Gettysburg tape ivorvi, and put in course of construction the West Branch division of the Pennsylvania canal. The workmen on the canal were anxious to have the work continue, and nothing but his re-election would in any event continue the work. The Democratic party, headed by David R. Porter, were opposed to internal im- provements by the state, believing that all such enterprises could be managed safer by private corporation. Many be- lieved that the construction of a canal to Erie was a stake of rather questionable policy. But the country being in the midst of a financial crash and hard times, the working men were looking to their own interest, and Thaddeus Stevens, a wily politician, seized the opportunity to take ad- vantage of the manifest will of the laborers on the canal, and came up to Young Womanstown, and devised a plan with the workmen to 'vote early and often.' The election board was manipulated to make the oath easy and bear lightly, and Young Womanstown, hitherto unknown in his- tory, only for its Indian tradition, became the notorious birth place of ballot-box stuffing, carried on to the present day in Philadelphia and other cities of the Union. Chapman township, which at that time had about fifty legal voters, polled over 700 votes for Joseph Ritner. The return judge, in carrying the returns to Williamsport, (this being then Lycoming county,) and who also was an untiring friend of Ritner, showed the open returns so often that they became sadly defaced, after which, to satisfy his many inquiring friends, he opened the sealed report, which act forfeited the legality of the report, and the board of return judges rejected it, and so saved Young Womanstown the first and hist illegal returns ever sent from that strong- hold of democracy. We have heard it said that it was dangerous to get to the window unless you could exhibit a ticket with the name of Joseph Ritner. Patrick O'Flaherty would vote, and then go away and take a drink, and return to the window with other tickets and vote the name of 64 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. John Dougherty, without a question from the ward, except a significent nod from the 'boss' who stood at the window indicating that all was right, and so they continued re- peating all day." DUNNSTABLE TOWNSHIP. The township derived its name from William Dunn, one of its first settlers. It was taken from Bald Eagle township, and organized while its territory was a part of Lycoming county. Dunnstable township is bounded on the north by Gallauher, on the east by the West Branch and Pine Creek township, on the south by the West Branch and Lamar township, on the west by Woodward township and Lock Haven. The "Great Island," containing about 280 acres, is located within Dunnstable township. William Dunn, its first settler, took an active part in the Revolution, being one of the committee of safety for Northumberland county. He participated in many battles, among the number being those of Germantown and Trenton. Among the other pioneers of Dunnstable were Thomas Proctor and William Baird. The former was captain of the first Continental company of artillery, raised in Philadelphia. He was after- wards made a general. Other settlers followed Dunn and settled upon the rich lands of the township, and in a few years the territory in the vicinity of the Big Island was thickly settled. The village of Liberty was one of the most important places in the county at one time, and was settled at a very early date. The place received its name from the patriotic feelings of its first settlers. A store was kept in the village by one William Tweed, in 1 81 2, and a hotel was kept at the same time by George Quigley. Afterwards D. Moran kept a store near where the abutment of the river bridge now stands. The only business place in Liberty at the present time is the store of R. H. Quigley, at which the township elections are held. The public road crosses the island and reaches the place by the Great Island iron bridges which were erected in 1889. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 65 In 1855 the postoffice at Lockport was removed to Dunnsburg, and called the Dunnsburg postoffice. Jacob Myers was the postmaster. The office was afterwards moved to Liberty; from there returned to Dunnsburg, and finally returned to Liberty, where it has remained ever since. The name, however, was changed to Island post- office, the name it now retains. The first church in Liberty was built by the Methodists in 1825. The present church structure was erected in 1 870. Years before there was any structure erected for religious worship, circuit riders visited the place and held services in the dwellings of Zebulon and Benjamin Baird. The first school house in Dunnstable township was a log structure, which stood at the time on what is now the Stewart farm. George Quiggle, of Liberty, manufactured the first plows made between Bellefonte and Williamsport. He also manufactured harrows and grain cradles, which were greatly in demand at the time. R. H. Quigley, the present postmaster at Liberty, has kept store in the place for forty years. The culture of tobacco was introduced into Dunnstable township in 1838, by David Baird. As the Great Island is a part of Dunnstable township, a sketch of the same will not be out of place here. As before stated, it contains about 280 acres. One hundred years ago this island served as a landmark for many of the important military operations in the West Branch valley. It is known that previous to its early settlement by the whites it was a great council ground of the Indians. History records the meeting of representatives of several powerful tribes of Indians on this island in 1755. This meeting was held to discuss several propositions made to the red men by the French at the time of the French and Indian war. About the year 1768 a party of surveyors visited this section of the West Branch valley, for the purpose of run- ning off the Allison tract and probably others in the vicinity. They were accompanied by a hunter named William Dunn, of York county, Pa., whose sole occupation was to furnish 5 66 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. meat for the party from the abundance of game that then existed. Dunn carried a very handsome rifle and other accouterments to correspond, which attracted special atten- tion and admiration from an Indian chief, who claimed to be owner of the island. The chief was anxious to secure the objects of his admiration. Their owner refused to part with them, until at last he was offered the Great Island in exchange for the rifle, its belongings and a keg of whisky. Dunn accepted the chief's offer, and took possession of the "Big Island." After the whisky was drank the Indian wanted to trade back, a wish, however, which was not grat- ified, for Dunn knew a good thing when he saw it, and was determined to hold on to the island. It is said the Indians hung around the place for weeks, trying to get a shot at its new owner, who, knowing of their plans, kept out of their reach. The island was owned by William Dunn for many years, and at his death was divided among his heirs. One section of it is yet in possession of Elizabeth Dunn, widow of Judge William Dunn, a grandson of William Dunn, who purchased the land from the Indians. Of course the land was afterwards bought and the title secured from the Pro- prietary government, but history loves to relate the fact of its having been purchased at one time for a rifle and a keg of whisky. GALLAUHER TOWNSHIP. Gallauher township was erected September i8th, 1849. It is bounded on the north by Grugan township, on the east by Lycoming county, on the south by Line creek, Dunnstable and Woodward, and on the west by Wood- ward, Colebrook and Grugan townships. The first settler of which we have any account was John Gotschalk, who located on the Coudersport pike in 1835. The region at that time was a wilderness inhabited only by wild beasts. After the West Branch canal was completed, many of the laborers employed in its construction settled in Clinton county. Among them were John and George X^oyett, Andrew Nolan, John Hennessey and Michael PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 6/ Welsh, who selected farms in tliat portion of the present Gallauhcr township lying between Quinn's and Plum runs, forming the community now known as the "Irish Settle- ment." At the time that settlement was formed there was not a road within five miles, and not even a tree had been cut on the land taken by them. The howls of the wolf, the scream of the panther and the cry of the ferocious wild cat dis- turbed the midnight slumber of the sturdy settlers. Wild animals were very numerous, whole herds of deer could be seen at one time, and panthers and bears would boldly carry off domestic animals in open daylight. The greatest difficulty that beset the early settlers of Gal- lauher township was the securing of supplies. There were no roads, and not even a bridle path. The settlers were compelled to carry their grain to mill on their backs, the nearest mill being at Chatham's Run, a distance of five miles. This laborious and dangerous task was often performed by the women, who were neither lacking in courage or willing- ness to perform the work. The father of P. B. Crider, the latter who at one time was a citizen of Lock Haven, but who now resides in Bellefonte, settled in the township near the "Irish Settlement" in 1845. Another early settler of the section was Thomas Mc- Cann, a bachelor, who lived by himself. He cultivated a small farm and seemed to enjoy life. One winter morning he was found dead in bed. The cause of his sudden de- parture from this life was never known. J. Focht was another pioneer settler of the township. He was a soldier under Napoleon, and was with him at the de- feat of Waterloo. It is said that he was compelled to work two years to pay his passage to America. The Glovers, who located on the Coudersport pike at an early day, were also among the first settlers. The Jersey Shore and Coudersport pike is the boundary between Gallauher township and Lycoming county. This 6S PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. old and prominent thoroughfare, as its name implies, con- nects Jersey Shore with Coudersport, the county seat of Potter county. The first school house in the township was built in 1850. It was located near the residence of John Lovett. The township took its name from Judge Gallauher, who was instrumental in its organization. Jack Lovett, who was murdered by Charles Brown on the night of De- cember 14th, 1889, was a son of John Lovett mentioned above. GREEN TOWNSHIP. Green township was organized in February, 1840. It is located in the southeast corner of the county and bounded as follows: On the north by Crawford and Lamar town- ships, on the east by Lycoming county, on the south by Centre county, and on the west by Lamar and Logan town- ships. The greater part of the township lies within Sugar valley. The Fishing creek is the principal stream in the town- ship. The part of the township lying in Sugar valley is about 800 feet higher than the level of the Susquehanna river. The first settlement was made in 1800 by Rudolph Kar- stetter. Many of his descendants yet reside in Sugar valley. Among the other settlers who came to the section at an early day were the Schracks, Brungards, Kahls and Kleckners. Those who settled in the east end of Sugar valley pre- vious to 1825 were John Brown, Jacob Franck, Henry Price, Daniel Cromley, Major Philip Wohlfart, David Stamm and others. Previous to 1830 a man named Frederick Friedley erected a blasting furnace in the township. The said furnace was called "Deborah Furnace." It was operated for several years, and finally sold by the sheriff Remains of "Deborah Furnace" may yet be seen in the extreme east end of the valley, near the Brown farm. p. p. RITTMAN, Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 69 John Kleckner built the first grist mill in Sugar valley about the year 1800. It stood on the site of the present mill at Loganton. The first school house in the township was built in 1824. It was still in use as a church in 1880. There are quite a number of mills in the township, the largest, perhaps, being the steam mill of Jamison & Co. The old Philadelphia mill, as it was called, which was built in 1845, ^'^^ located near where the Rosecrans postoffice now is, and which was latterly called "Garrity's Mill," was de- stroyed by the June flood of 1889. The township has ten good school houses, and an average term of six months. The village of Carroll, which is located at the extreme east end of Green township, contains about fifteen dwellings, a store and postoffice, a blacksmith shop and several minor industries. GRUGAN TOWNSHIP. This township was formed in 185 i, the territory which it comprises being taken from the townships of Colebrook and Chapman. It is divided into two nearly equal parts by the West Branch. The township is bounded on the north by Gallauher, Colebrook and Chapman, on the east by Cole- brook and Gallauher, on the south by Bald Eagle and Beech Creek, and on the west by Chapman. The principal wealth of the township consists in lumber. At an early day the best quality of oak and pine could be found, but the forests are now nearly depopulated. The mineral wealth of the township consists of coal, iron ore and fire clay, but very little has ever been accomplished by way of developing the mines. In 1864 an organiza- tion, called the West Branch Coal, Iron Ore and Lumber Company, was formed for the purpose of developing the mineral wealth of the township. This company purchased over 15,000 acres of land upon the waters of Baker's run, for which they paid 1^75,000. Lack of funds and great cost of getting the products to market, prevented anything of importance from being accomplished. 70 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. By whom or at what time the first settlement in Grugan township was made is not definitely known. The earliest records that can be found claim that a tract of land, called "Indian Coffin," was surveyed to John Baker Atkin, Oc- tober 8th, 1785. This tract included the land around the mouth of Baker's run. About the time of the Revolution, this man Baker Atkin lived on the tract which had not yet been surveyed to him, but when the war broke out he, with the other inhabitants of the section, left and went to "Reed's Fort" for protection. Baker returned and secured his warrant in 1785. He was a German, and seemed to prosper by his industry. It is said he received the title of "King of the Narrows," as the valley west of Lock Haven was called. Baker built a water power grist mill, which was probably the first mill built west of Sunbury. Although it was a crude affair, it was a great improvement over the hand mills. Baker finally sold out and moved to the flat, now called Baker's town, where he died. The next settler seems to have been James Burney, who located on what is now the farm of ex-Commissioner John Grufran, at Glen Union. The tract was called "Settlers' Lick," on account of a deer lick in the vicinity. It is thought that Burney settled on this tract several years pre- vious to the Revolution. The Grugans, from whom the township was named, were among the early settlers. Charles Grugan, the grandfather of Coleman and John Grugan, came to this country from Ireland about the year 1870. He was accompanied by his brother, John Grugan. They landed at New York, and there separated, the former coming to Pennsylvania and the latter going to Canada. Charles was married to a sister of James Burney, above mentioned. He lived in Buffalo valley, and was frozen to death. He had two sons and two daughters. The sons were James and Alexander. They were great hunters, and the latter is said to have killed in one season fifteen bears at sixteen shots. Coleman and John Grugan are sons of Alexander. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 7 1 The first school in Gru' J. A. Gregory, Superintendent of Clearfield county; J. W. Allen, Superintendent of Potter county ; M. W. Herr. Superintendent of Clinton county, and John A. Robb, Super- intendent of Lock Haven city, who unanimously recom- mended to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction the recognition of the school as a State institution. On the 17th of September, 1877, the school was opened in the new building with forty-eight pupils. Dr. Raub continued to 144 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. act as principal until 1884, when he left Lock Haven and removed his family to Newark, Delaware. He was suc- ceeded as principal of the Normal school by Prof. George P. Beard. In 1887 Prof. Beard was succeeded by Dr. James Eldon, who occupies the position at this writing. The first Normal school building was totally destroyed by fire Sunday afternoon, December 9th, 1888. The school lost much valuable property in the shape of apparatus, etc. For a time it looked as if Lock Haven was to loose her Normal school. There was a heavy debt on the building at the time it was burned, which the insurance failed to cover. The old Montour House was leased and fitted up for the use of the school. Here the winter term was opened January ist, 1889, and the schoor moved on in the even tenor of its way, until it received another blow of adversity at the time of the flood of June ist, 1889. Again the school was closed. No commencement exercises were held that year. The students, however, received their diplomas from the State Board of Examiners. School again opened in the Montour House, September, 1889. Through the efforts of Hon. John U. Shaffer, then a member of the Legislature from this district, an appropriation of $85,000 was secured from the State towards the erection of another Normal school building. At the next session of the Legislature, an ad- ditional ^20,000 was secured for the same purpose, making a total of ^105,000. As soon as the first appropriation was a certainty, plans and specifications were prepared, and ground broken for the new building, June 27th, 1889. The contract for the stone work of the building was given to Charles Ferguson, of Williamsport, and the contract for the brick work to Levi R. Paup, of Lock Haven. The corner stone of the new building was laid October 2d, 1 889. The schools of the city were given a holiday, and turned out in parade 1,200 strong, May 6th, 1890. The faculty and students of the school marched in a body to the new build- ing. The new building is not located upon the site of the burned structure, but at the foot of the hill, on the corner of PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. I45 Main and Fairview streets. It is built of brick, with brown stone trimmings, and has three distinct parts — a main building and two dormitories. The school is considered one of the best equipped of its kind in the State. The number of graduates from this institution, including the class of '92, numbers 608; of this number nineteen are dead. The faculty of the Normal school at the present time is as follows: James Eldon, A. M. Ph. D., Principal of Mental and Moral Science; Obadiah Wilbur Kitchel, A. M., Mathe- matics and Astromomy; Mr. Frank K. Sechrist, Grammar, Rhetoric and PLnglish Grammar; Andrew Dickson Meloy, A. M., Natural Science and Instructor in Gymnasium; Mar- guerite May McCloskey, M. E., Superintendent of Training School; Florence Geraldine Brosius, M. E., Reading and Elocution; Ella Catharine Smith, M. E., Penmanship and Drawing; Alice Kronenberg Meloy, Latin and History; Theodore Reimer, M. B., Music; David Martin Brungard, Pedagogics; Will Grant Chambers, Assistant in Mathe- matics; Benjamin F. Fletcher, Shorthand and Typewriting; Mrs. Addie Schuyler, Preceptress. The Stockholders' Trustees of the School are at present S. D. Ball, Charles Kreamer, Paul S. Merrill, J. N. Wel- liver, J. G. Harris, H. T. Harvey, W. F. Satterlee, A. S. Grow, J, A. Wilson, James Jefferis, George W. Hippie and J. B. G. Kinsloe. The State Trustees are Dr. R. B. Watson, Hon. C. A. Mayer, H. O. Chapman, J. W. Bridgens, S. M. McCormick and Dr. Armstrong. Albert N. Raub, A. M., Ph. D., was born in Lancaster county, Pa., March 28th, 1840. His early education was received in the public schools of his native county. At the age of sixteen years he entered the State Normal school at Millersville, Pa., and graduated in the scientific course in t86o. Soon after graduating he was made principal of the Bedford Union school, and one year later elected as principal of the schools of Cressona, Schuylkill county. Pa. He held this position for three years, when he was elected 10 146 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. superintendent of schools in the town of Ashland, Pa. In April, 1866, he was called to the chair of English literature, rhetoric and grammar in the State Normal school of Kutz- town, Pa., where he remained until the fall of 1868, when he accepted the principalship of the Lock Haven public schools, with the view of establishing a State Normal school in that city. In 1869 he reorganized the schools of Lock Haven and was made city superintendent. In the summer of 1871 he was appointed county superintendent of Clmton county by the State superintendent, and in the spring of 1872 was recalled to act as city superintendent of Lock Haven, which position he held for three years. When the Normal school was opened in Lock Haven, September 17th, 1877, Dr. A. N. Raub was elected its first principal, which position he held until the close of the summer session of 1884, when he severed his connection with the institution. He spent the next year in revising his numerous text books. In the iall of 1885, he was called to the principalship of the academy of Newark, Del, an institution chartered by the Penns in 1767. He was called to the presidency of Delaware college in the same town in June, 1888, a position which made him also ex-officio president of the State Board of Education of Delaware. He is still serving as president of Delaware col- lege at a preeent salary of ^3,000 per year, and hasbuilt up the college from an attendance of less than twenty to nearly one hundred in the past four years. Since leaving the State Normal school at Lock Haven, Dr. Raub has published and edited a weekly educational journal, T]ie Ediicalional Nczvs, with the main office in Philadelphia. Dr. A. N. Raub is a man of marked ability, and as an instructor has no superior- During his term as principal of the Lock Haven Normal school, which extended over a period of seven years, he graduated from the institution 316 persons, several of his classes being the largest ever graduated from any Normal school in the United States. It is partly to his individual efforts that the people of Lock Haven owe the existence of the C. S. N. S. He was one of its founders, and during DR. dflffiES ELDON, Pt\. D. Principal Lock Haven Normal School. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 4/ th^ time he was principal of the school, his personal efiforts in its behalf placed the institution on a solid footing, and made it the equal in importance and usefulness of any other school of its kind in the State. It began its work with few students, an empty treasury and an indebtedness of ^50,000, over one-half of which was paid before the school had been in existence five years. Dr. Raub, in connection with his work as a teacher, has gained an enviable reputation as a writer and publisher. In i860 he published two spellers. In 1865 he wrote and published a work entitled "Plain Ed- ucational Talks with Teachers and Parents." In 1877 he published a series of arithmetics, and in 1878 a series of readers. In 1880 he published two works on the English language entitled "Lessons in English" and "Practical Eng- lish Grammar." In addition to the books already men- tioned, he published his "School Management" and his "Studies in English and American Literature" in 1882, his "Methods of Teaching" in 1883, and his "Practical Rhetoric" in 1887. All of these books have an extensive and profitable sale throughout the United States. Dr. James Eldon, A. M., Ph. D., present principal of the Central State Normal school, was born at Shippensburg, Cum- berland county, Pa., July i ith, 1847. ^^^ father was a millert When the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his parents moved to Waynesborough, Franklin county, Pa., where the youthful days of Dr. P21don were spent. As soon as he was old enough he assisted his father in the mill, and became a full-fledged miller himself before he reached his seventeenth year. In 1864 he taught one term of school, at the close of which he went into partnership with his brother in the mercantile business at Waynesborough, dealing in boots, shoes, hats and notions. The adventure proved very successful, and at the end of three years the brothers sold out. In the faU of 1867 James Eldon, then a young man in his twentieth year, entered Allegheny col- lege, where he spent the next four years of his life. He graduated with the highest honors of his class in 1871. 148 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. While at college he was the leader in all the athletic sports of the institution, and won two prizes for composition. Im- mediately after his graduation he was recommended by the faculty of the college to a professorship in Upper Iowa university, which position he secured and acceptably filled for one year. He was re-elected the second year, but re- signed to accept the professorship of mathematics at Ship- pensburg Normal school, which was then about to open. Here he remained two years, when he resigned this position to accept a similar one in Dickinson Seminary, Williams- port. Leaving here he went to Carlisle and reorganized the Dickinson College Preparatory school, which had been abandoned for several years. During the five years he re- mained here as principal of this school, it increased greatly in usefulness and number of students. From Carlisle he went to the California State Normal school, where he ac- cepted the position of mathematical instructor. He re- mained there two years, when he was elected vice principal and a member of the faculty of the Lock Haven Normal school, under the principalship of Professor George P. Beard. In 1884 he was elected to the principalship of the Normal school, and held the position ever since. Dr. Eldon is a faithful and untiring worker, and has labored zealously to promote the success of the school. Andrew D. Meloy, professor of natural sciences in the Lock Haven Normal school, was born in Carlisle, graduated at the Carlisle High school in 1883, and at Dickinson col- lege in 1888. After his graduation he spent one year as principal of Leitersburg academy, in Washington county, Md; was elected to his present position in the summer of 1889; came to Lock Haven in September of that year, and has been a successful teacher in the Normal ever since. Professor Meloy is a cultured gentleman and an instructor of marked ability. He is a telegraph operator, a physician and a minister, and frequently fills the pulpit of the various phurches of Lock Haven, having been admitted as member SUPT. D, m. BRUNGARD, Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 149 of the Central Pennsylvania Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church at the meeting of that body, held in the spring of 1892. LOCK HAVEN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Educational advantages in the early history of "Old Town" were naturally very limited. The first school house of which we have been able to secure any information was built about the year 1800. It was constructed of logs, and located on the bank of the Bald Eagle creek, near the north end of the Castanea bridge. It was a rude affair, and not particularly remarkable for anything but its slab seats, its old-fashioned fire place and broad chimney. At that early day the only branches taught in the schools were reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic. There were usually two terms of school taught each year, making in all six months. Saturday afternoon of each week was allowed as a half holi- day, and not the whole of the day, as is the law now. Five or six dollars per month was the ordinary pay for a teacher, and ^10 per month was considered a large salary for a first- class instructor. No female teachers were employed in Lock Haven previous to 1850. The school master often taught a singing school in the vicinity, which furnished not only amusement but profit to the young people of the com- munity and himself The first teacher of whom we could learn, who taught in this ancient educational fortress above mentioned, was a man named Davis. An individual named Dr. Harrison weilded the birch and taught the "Rule of Three" at a later day. This old school house was aban- doned for school purposes in 1812, on account of its loca- tion being too far from the centre of the school population. School was then held a few years in a private dwelling that stood near the road leading from Lock Haven to Flem- ington, upon land owned at the time by the McCormicks, In 1818 a new school house was erected on a lot adjoining the Great Island church, near the old cemetery. This in- stitution of learning was also constructed of logs, but it was quite an improvement over the one before mentioned. In 150 PAST AND PKESEMT OP CLINTON COUNTV. this building a modern invention in the shape of an iron stove took the place of the old fire place, and planed boards were used for benches. In 1830 a school house was erected by Allison township. It was located on the tract purchased by Jeremiah and Willard Church. This house was within the limits of Lock Haven, and stood for many years at the lower end of Main street, just below Washington. It was a frame structure, and was afterwards moved further up Main street, and is still in use as a dwelling. In this house many of the present citizens of Lock Haven received the rudiments of their edu- cation. Among the number was J. N. Sloan, Charles Mc- Cormick, Robert McGhee and others. It was not until 1854 that the first building was erected for school purposes in Lock Haven. The house built at that time was the "old white school house," called "The Second ward school building," which was torn away in the spring of 1892, to make room for the new structure now in progress of erec- tion. School was opened in this building July i6th, 1855, for a term of ten months. The pupils at that time num- bered about 140, and were divided into three grades, gram- mar, intermediate and primary. A. K. Brown was teacher of the first grade, Orrin T. Noble of the second, and Miss Phoebe Hitchcock of the third. This was the only graded school in Central Pennsylvania at that time, outside of Phil- adelphia. The directors at that time were Hon. H. L. Deif- fenbach, Alexander Sloan, Hon. Allison White, T. T. Abrams, William Fearon, J. F. Batcheler and Dr. Eldred. Hon. H. L. Deiffenbach and T. T. Abrams are the only living members of that School Board. The former is blind, and a resident of Philadelphia. During the first term of school, in 1855, the number of pupils increased so rapidly that it was deemed necessary to elect additional teachers, John II. Orvis being elected to teach the transient pupils, and Miss Sarah McElrath, (now Mrs. J. N. Welliver), elected to assist Miss Phoebe Hitch- cock with the primary department. These teachers are all PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. I51 living. A. K. Brown i.s now a resident of Washington, D. C; Hon. John H. Orvis is a resident of Bellefonte, Centre county, Pa.; Orrin T. Noble and Miss Pha?be Hitch- cock are residents of Lock Haven. Among the prominent teachers who taught successfully in the public schools of Lock Haven previous to 1867 were J. N. Welliver, J. F. Clark, John L. Doty, W. A. Wilson, W. G. Leaman, J. G. Lineaweaver and George Wilson. About the year 1867 it was deemed neces.sary to build another house for school purposes. Accordingly, the struc- ture now known as the East Main Street church was erected and used as a school building until 1869, when the old Court House was purchased by the school district, and the Main street building was sold. Following the above named teachers came A. H. Strayer, who, after being con- nected with the schools for several years, was elected county superintendent of Clinton county, and was also county treasurer from 1879 to 1882. B. F. Winters, afterwards alderman, was also a prominent teacher at one time; also Miss Celia El wood, (afterwards Mrs. J. F. Clark,) Miss Kate Reed, (now Mrs. Gucker,) and Miss Addie Russell, (afterwards Mrs. L. B. Schuyler.) During the spring and summer of 1868 the Third Ward school building was erected, and on January 4th, 1869, four schools were started under the principalship of Professor A. N. Raub. Before the term was fairly started, Professor Raub was promoted to the district superintendency, and A. D. Rowe made principal in his place. The High school at that time was divided into the Boys and Girls' High school, but was united in 1873. A. D. Rowe was succeeded as principal of the Boys' High school by Austin Leonard, who was succeeded in his turn by C. Lenker, a graduate of Millersville Normal school. After being principal of the Boys' High school for one year, he was promoted to the dis- trict superintendency. Professor Raub having been ap- pointed county superintendent to fill out the unexpired term of A. D. Rowe, who resigned September ist, 1871. Durino- 152 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Mr. Lenker's term as district superintendent, S. M. Mc- Cormick held the principalship of the Boys' High school, and Miss Agnes Reiley the principalship of the Girls' High school. They held their positions for two years. Mr. Lenker was elected superintendent of the school of North- umberland in the fall of 1872. Professor Raub was then recalled to the city schools and elected the first commis- sioned city superintendent of Lock Haven. John A. Robb, who was at that time principal of the First Ward grammar school, was elected principal of the Lock Haven High school, with Miss Agnes Reiley as assistant. In 1874 Miss Sallie E. Rhoades was elected an additional assistant in the Hi<^h school. Immediately after the election of Professor A. N. Raub as city superintendent, he submitted a schedule of study for all the grades, which was adopted. Professor Raub resigned his position in 1875 to accept the principal- ship of the State Normal school at Lock Haven. He was succeeded as city superintendent by John A. Robb, who has filled the position ever since. Miss Agnes Reiley suc- ceeded Mr. Robb as principal of the High school, and re- tained the position until 1888, when she was succeeded by W. J. Wolverton, ex-county superintendent of Northumber- land county, who is at present filling the position. When Miss Reiley was promoted to the principalship of the High school. Miss Sallie E. Rhoades became assistant prin- cipal, and J. Ferdinand Dauer became second assistant. Mr. Dauer was succeeded in 1887 by Miss Annie Warner, who fills the position at the present time. The teachers of the other grades have changed from time to time. John P. Anthony, at present alderman from the First ward, was principal of the First Ward grammar school for a number of years. He was succeeded in 1891 by Ira J. Fox. The Fourth Ward school building was erected in 1882, and school opened there in 1883 with six teachers, George A. Earner being principal of the grammar school. He was succeeded in 1887 by J. D. Stoughton, who in his turn was succeeded by E. E. Adams in 1888. Edward Widenhamer PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. I53 succeeded E. E. Adams in 1890. He was succeeded in 1892 by J. E. Wilson, the present principal. Isaac Rumberger was elected principal of the Second Ward schools in 1889, and holds the position at the present time. J. Milton Pure)' was elected principal of the Third Ward schools in 1888. He held the position four terms. He then gave up the profession of teaching, and B. F. Klep- per was elected to the position. A. J. Schuyler and Thomas P. Meyer were successful teachers in the Lock Haven schools for several years. The new school building, being erected in the Second ward of Lock Haven, will, when completed, be the finest structure of its kind in Clinton county. The names of the teachers now holding positions in the Lock Haven school are as follows: John A. Robb, city superintendent; High school, W. J. Wolverton, Sallie E, Rhoades, Annie J. Warner ; First ward, Ira J. Fox, Sadie Probst, Annie Bruner, Jennie Donaldson, Jennie Walters, Mary Armstrong and Mame Henry; Second ward, Isaac Rumberger, Bertha Masteller, Julia McCabe, Chrisse Haberstroh and Minnie Henry; Third ward, B. F. Klepper, Annie J. Fisher, Sadie Wynne, Clara Wagner and Mae Datesman; Fourth ward, John E. Wilson, Ada C. Waldron, Mrs. O. H, Emery, Mary Kean, Pearl Klapp and Mary Mc- Inerney ; substitute teachers, Lizzie M, Robb and Annie Rhoades. The present School Board consists of the following named persons: First ward, H. L. Gould, L. R. Paup and Lewis Winner; Second ward, Herman Simons, Samuel Z. Martin and Charles Shoemaker; Third ward, J. W. Bridgens, G. L. Morelock and J. N. Welliver ; Fourth ward, G. T. Michaels, T. P. Meyer and Simon Seid. THE LOCK HAVEN ACADEMY. Another important institution of learning which flourished in the early history of Lock Hav^en was the old academy, which was founded in 1840 under the Act of Assembly, ap- 1 54 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. propriating ^2,000 to each county for the building and maintaining of an academy. For three years following its opening it received ;^400, and the fourth year ^200 from the State, and then the appropriation was withdrawn. The insti- tution not being a self-sustaining one, became involved in debt, and was finally sold by the sheriff. It was bought by private citizens, and the .school continued until 1870, when the structure was torn away to make room for the Exchange building. The academy was presided over for a number of years by Rev. Hugh Pollock, as principal. Professor John A. Robb, present superintendent of the Lock Haven public schools, was born at Palmyra, Lebanon county, Pa., March 13th, 1843. He attended the public schools of Palmyra until fourteen years of age, when he entered the academy of his native town, where he remained four years. When the war broke out he enlisted in the Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, but was rejected on account of his youth. He afterwards enlisted and served nine months in the 1 27th Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers. Upon his return home he entered Annville college, in Lebanon county, where he remained four years. After leaving college Professor Robb taught two years in Lebanon county, and four years in Derry township, Dauphin county, Pa. In 1870 he came to Lock Haven, and took charge of an intermediate grade in the public schools of the town, which he taught one year. He then taught the First Ward grammar school, and for two years held the principalship of the Lock Haven High school. In 1875 he was elected city superintendent. In February, 1887, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by the Northwestern college of Naperville, 111. Professor Robb was married in 1867 to Ellen J. Miller, of Belleview, Lebanon county. Pa. They have had six children, five daughters and one son. W. J. Wolverton, present principal of the Lock Haven High school, was born in Upper Augusta township, North- umberland county. Pa., March ist, 1841. He worked on his father's farm in summer, and attended the district school "'^^^^^"i^ii! 6. B. G KINSLOE, Editor and Proprietor Clinton Republican. Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 55 in winter, until he reached his sixteenth year, when he en- tered the Sunbury academy. While taking his fourth year's course at this institution the war broke out, and he enlisted in Company D, of the Tenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, but was excused from service a couple of months later on account of physical disability. After another term at the Sunbury academy, he entered Bucknell university in the year of iS6i, and graduated from that institution with high honor in 1863. After teaching a term of school at Bernock, Pa., and another at Danville, Pa., he gave up teach- ing and entered the law office of the Hon. Simon P. Wol- verton, of Sunbury, where he read law for two years, being admitted to the bar of Northumberland county in 1865. His course once more led him to take a literary turn, and he again became a teacher for the next sixteen years. He was prominently connected with the educational interests of Northumberland county, being elected county superin- tendent of that county in 1S81, which position beheld until 1887. He was elected principal of the Lock Haven High school in 1888, which position he now fills. Professor W. J. Wolverton is a gentleman of scholarly attainments, zealous in the cause of education, and a Christain man, whose worth is duly recognized by the citizens of Lock Haven. NEWSPAPERS. The first newspaper published in what is now Clinton county was started in August, 1838, one year before the county was formed. It was at first called The Eagle, but in 1839 the name was changed to TJie Clintonian. J. B. G. Kinsloe and Robert McCormick purchased The Clintonian, and started a paper called the Clinton County Whig. This paper continued in existence under different owners until 1847, when the machinery, presses, etc., were removed to Jersey Shore. The Clinton Tribune, the first number of which was issued December 26th, 1849, was the next newspaper. This sheet was started by Adam J. Greer, assisted by H. E. Shoe- maker. The former sold out his interest in the Tribune in 156 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1850 to R. W. Rothrock, who published the paper until April 6th, 1852, when Colonel W. T. Wilson became a partner. R. W. Rothrock on September ist, 1852, sold his interest to his brother, W. P. Rothrock. Colonel W. T. Wilson conducted the paper until February 15th, 1853, when he sold out to Cather Flint and H. M. Flint. Gather Flint retired from the business July i8th, 1853, and H. M. Flint continued the publication until October loth, 1854, when Daniel Bower purchased the concern and published it a few months, when he sold out to Thomas Martin, who changed the name of the paper to TJic Watchman. D. S. Dunham became the publisher one year later, and continued the publication until March, 1861, when the publication of The Watcliman was suspended. In June, 1861, W. C. Kress and Jesse H. Berry began the publication of The Lock Haven Press. This was a strong Republican sheet, on whose page the name of W. C. Kress appeared as editor. After a prosperous existence of one year and a half, the office with all it contained was destroyed by fire, and the paper suspended publication December 4th, 1862. Wilbur & Shriner established TJie Clinton County Demo- crat in 1840, but for various reasons it did not flourish under their management. It was also published for a time by John R. Eck. The Clinton Democrat, which was pub- lished at this time by S. S. Seeley, was purchased in 1844 by H. L. Dieffenbach, who in June, 1845, united TJie Clinton County Democrat and TJic Clijiton Democrat, which had heretofore been rival sheets. H. L. Dieffenbach sold out in January, 1850, to George Crawford. Lyons Mussina became a partner of Crawford in 185 i. This firm sold out in 1862 to Henry Frysinger, who in his turn surrendered his claims to Atwood & Wilson in 1864. This firm con- tinued the publication of The Clinton Democrat for two years, when they were succeeded by J. W. McEwen, who in his turn was succeeded by Dieffenbach & Martin. The latter sold his interest to a man named Wilson, who shortly PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 5/ withdrew, leaving H. L. Dieffenbach proprietor. This gen- tleman was succeeded by John H. Orth, who in 1867 sold out to J. W. & W. P. Furey. The former withdrew. W. P. Furey continued the publication of the paper for two years, when he sold out to Whaley & Orth, the latter dying in 1870. J. C. Whaley became the publisher, which posi- tion he held until his death, which occurred December 30th, 1880. At the death of Mr. Whaley, his widow assumed the proprietorship of the paper, and continued its publication with H. B. Marshall as business manager, and H. L, Dief- fenbach as editor. The latter was succeeded February 9th, 1882, by E. H. Thielecke. Mrs. Whaley sold out Septem- ber 14th, 1885, to James W. Clark, John T, Noble and Ira M. Harvey, who published the paper until May 23d, 1888, under the firm name of Clark & Co. The Democrat News and Publishing company was then incorporated, with the following officers: James W. Clark, President; I. M- Harvey, Treasurer; John T. Noble, Secretary. This com- pany has continued the publication of the Clinton Democrat until the present time. The weekly is a four-page, thirty- two-column sheet, and the daily, which is published in con- nection with the weekly, a four-page, twenty-eight-column sheet. Both papers are what their names imply. Demo- cratic, and strongly uphold the measures of the Democratic party. A daily sheet, called The Independent, was started, in 1869, by R. A. Kinsloe & Bro., who sold out in a short time to A. B. Henderson, who changed the name of the paper to Quid Nunc,h\x\. the shock given it by the change of name was too much for its weak state, and it died a few months later. The first number of the Eveinng Express, which is now being so successfully published by Kinsloe Brothers, sons of J. B. G. Kinsloe, appeared March ist, 1882. It is a 28- column, 4-page sheet, issued from the office of the Clinton Republican, and published every afternoon except Sunday- The local editor of the Evening Express is James C. Mc- 158 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Closkey, who, by his untiring industry in securing rehable news for his paper has done much to bring it to its present state of popularity and usefuhiess. The Clinton Republican, which is yet in existence, and the leading organ of its party in the county, was first estab- lished by George Bowman, in 1863, and sold by him to J. B. G. Kinsloe, in 1864. Mr. Kinsloe has been its publisher ever since. The Clinton Rcp7iblican is one of the best weekly papers published in the State of Pennsylvania. It is a 48-column sheet, and the largest paper published in Clinton county. The office of the Clinton Republican is located in the Kinsloe block. Main street. Lock Haven, Pa. The Enterprise was started by H. Byxbe and D. S. May- nard, October loth, 1873. This sheet was Republican in politics, but chiefly devoted to the manufacturing interests of Clinton county, and to the development of her natural resources. The paper was published but a short time, when it ceased to exist. The Daily Joiwnal was established by the Journal associ- ation. Its first issue appeared October 15th, 1877. The said association was composed of the following named gen- tlemen: H. Byxbe, A. S. Grow, Ira M. Harvey and John T. Noble. The Daily Jojtrnal was published from the office of the defunct Enterprise. A. S. Grow was editor until April,"! 878, when he resigned and went to Bellefonte, where he assumed the editorship of the Bellefonte Republican. Returning to Lock Haven, July 28, 1879, he purchased the Journal o{ficc from the association, and assumed control of the Daily and Weekly Journal, The former having been es- tablished by H. Byxby, in January, 1879. Mr. Grow con- tinued the publication of the two papers until 1883, when the publication of both ceased. CftPT, R. S. BftRKER, Postmaster, Lock Haven, Pa. ORGANIZATIONS AND CORPORATIONS. LOCK HAVEN FIRE DEPARTMENT. THE first fire company of Lock Haven was tlie Good Will, organized September 18th, 1857, with a membership of 40. The first officers of this com [lany were: James Chathfim, President; Jacob Enra- berger, Secretary, and R. S. Barker, Treasurer. The apparatus was of a crude nature, and consisted chiefly of an old-time hatid-engine. The company lemained in actual service until the breaking out of the Civil war, when many of its members enlisted. For want of members the company disbanded. For nearly three years the town was without any fire organization, and fires were numerous. i'he citizens becoming alarmed for the safety of their property, the council appointed N. Shaw, Rufus Reed and George Curts, a committee to purchase a steam fire engine. Tiiev purchased a second-class engine fr^m Button & Blake, of Waterford, N. Y., and secuied two hose car- riages and 1,000 feet of hose. The cost of the entire outfit was but $3.- 500. On account of the venerable and smoke-begrimed appearance of the engine when in use, it received the name of Black Maria, or Smut MdL As soon as it arrived a meeting of citizens was called, at the office of N. Shaw, October 31st, 1863, to organize a fire company. Mr. Shaw was chairman, and Thomas Yardley, secretary, of the meeting. From this meeting of citizens the first Cataract fire company was formed, which lasted for several years, doing some excellent work with the limited means at hand. As it labored under many disadvantages the company finally disbanded, about three years after its organization. Thus for two years more the town was left to the mercy of the devour- ing element, and much valuable property was destroyed. The citizens again became alarmed. Council was asked to appoint a committee to take some action for the safety of property. Council appointed on the com- mittee Jacob Brown, R. H. Boggis and Rufus Reed, who called a meet- ing of citizens at the Court House, April 24th, 1866, Jacob Brown, act- ing as chairman, and R. H. Boggis, as secretary. Hon. L. A. Mackey made a few remarks in behalf of the citizens, and, as no one seemed willing to do anything more than to talk, W. C. Kress announced that he would serve as a volunteer fireman for one year, and called for others to follow. This action brought out 44 volunteers. Mr. Kress made a motion that the chairman appoint twelve persons from the list of those who had volunteered to organize a company, and ballot for new members. The men appointed, or the Original Twelve, as they are called on the records, were: Wheeler Shaw, M. B. Plering, R. S. Barker, F. Hays, J. W. Harris, W. C. Kress, A. Frank, R. Easton, James Majar, l60 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Robert Houseal, James P. Becker and John Ardner. These twelve men met in the council room, which is now occupied by the telephone ex- change, and elected M. B. Hering, president, and J. W. Harris, secre- tary. Another meeting was called for May 1st, at which the Cataract steam fire company, No. 1, was organized, or it might be termed the re- institution of the old Cataract company. On May 8th, 1866, it was per- manently organized, electing officers and members. A constitution was adopted on May 29th, 1866. The old Smut Mill, or Black Maria, was turned over to the new company, and did active service for several years, doing duty at fires, or pumping water from cellars until it was turned in for $1,400 as part payment on the new Silsby steamer, purchased in 1874 and still in use. The Cataract fire company, as organized in 1866, is not now in exis- tence as an actual fire organization, but is yet in existence as a company, having never disbanded. Whenever a member dies the surviving mem- bers meet and pass resolutions of regret. The Cataract, No. 1, was really the start of Lock Haven's excellent department of to-day. Many com- panies have sprung up and flourished for a time, some of them excellent ones, which are not in existence now. Among the number was the Dauntless hook and ladder company, oi'ganized November '28th, 1868; the West Branch bucket company. No. 1, organized March, 1869; on July 2d, 1870, changed to West Branch bucket and hose company, No. 1 ; on January 23d, 1871, again changed to West Branch hose company. No. 2, as disbanded on January 14th, 1874; the Citizens' hose company, or- ganized on January 14th, 1873, disbanded in April, 1875; the Empire hose company, which organized on February 24th, 1874, and several others have passed out of existence. The companies which form the fire department at the present time are the Hope hose company, Hand-in-Hand and the Good Will. All are strong and flourishing, fully equipped for active service, and finely uni- formed for parade ; they receive due attention and assistance from the council, and are always ready when needed. The citizens of Lock Haven are proud of their fire department, and justly say "there is no better in the Keystone State." Among the oldest members of the Lock Haven fire department living in Lock Haven at the present time are: R. S. Barker, W. C. Kress, J. W. Harris and M. B. Herring. These persons were members of the Original Twelve, as they were called, who organized the old Good Will company, in 1857. When the present fire department was organized, in 1870, R. S. Barker was elected chief engineer; he held the position for nine years, and then resigned. He was succeeded by Charles Keller, who was succeeded, in 1888, by George D. Pox, the present chief engineer. The engine house of the Lock Haven fire department is located on Grove street, and is presided over by R. H. McGhee. The Good Will company has a fine new hose house, just erected, on Bellefonte avenue. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. l6l The ITand-in-Hand company have their house on Henderson street, near the P. & E. R. E,., and the Hope liose company use the engine house on Grove street. The twelfth annual session of the State Fireman's association, of Pennsylvania, met in Lock Haven, September, 1891, and lasted four days. Over sixtv different fire organizations and twenty-five bands were present and participated in the grand parade, which took place Thurs- day, September 17th. R. S. Barker was chief marshal, and T. C. Hip- pie, first assistant. HIGHLAND CEMETERY. Highland cemetery was incorporated by an Act of Assembly, approved May 1st, 1861. Its incorporators were Philip M. Price, S. Hepburn, L. A. Mackey, H. T. Beardsley, D. K. Jnckman, Dr. George C. Harvey, N. Shaw, General Jesse Merrill, C. A. Mayer, Allison White, Charles Blanchard, Thomas Yardley, J. H. Brown, Simon Scott, 0. D. Satterlee and C. W. Wingard. Six of the persons named above now sleep in the cemetery. The last two laid to rest in its sacred ground being 0. D. Satterl -e, who died January 5th, 1892, and Paul S. Merrill, who died Sun- day, June 12th, 1892. The ground upon which the cemetery stands was donated for the purpose by Philip M. Price, on December 1st, 1862. The conditions upon which the grant was made were that the company should lay out the land in burial lots, and the proceeds arising from the sale of the sail lots should be appropriated — one-half to the improvement of the cemetery and tlie other half tor the purpose of establishing and keeping up a jniblic library and reading room in the town of Lock Haven. The company whs also required to set apart a lot of ample size and conspicu- ous position for the interment, free of charge, of deceased soldiers of the late war ; and to allow to be erected on said lot a suitable monument, which should be built by voluntary contribution of any one who eared to contribute funds for the purpose. In 1866 Mr. Price presented the cemetery company with an aditional two acres of ground, and a further addition of sixteen acres was made to ♦he original tract in 1874. The first trusu-es or managers of the cemetery company were elected October 8th, 1862. They were as follows: Philip M. Price, pi-esident ; L. A. Mackey, R. H. Boggis, Dudley Blanch- ard and S. D. Ball. The first person buried in Highland cemetery was a child of Joseph Quiggle, October 19th, 1862. The present manae:ers or trustees of the cemetery company are: W. H. Brown, H. 0. Chapman, T. C. Hilton, James Jefferies, R. W. Mc- Cormick, Jacob Scott, P. J. Troxell, J. iN. Welliver and S. D. Ball. LOCK HAVEN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. The Lock Haven library association was organized July, 1868, with the following officers: Rev. G. W, Shinn, president; F. D. Squire, sec- retary; Dr. J. H. Barton, librarian; John C. Zellers, treasurer. 11 l62 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The present officers of the association are: S. D. Ball, president; Rev Charles James Wood, vice president ; Miss Elizabeth Carskaddon, secre- tary and treasurer. The library rooms are located on second floor of the Mayer block, Water street, Lock Haven, Pa. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. The First National bank, of Lock Haven, was organized and chartered in 1864, with a capital stock of $100,000. The bank is located at the corner of Main and Vesper streets, in the Exchange building. Among its first officers were T. C. Kintzing, who was president, and G. Kintz- ing, cashier. Its present officers are: F. S. Johnson, president; Wilson Kistler, vice president ; Moore Fredericks, cashier; E. L. Morlock, assist- ant cashier; C. G. Furst, solicitor. The directors of the bank are: F. S. Johnson, Wilson Kistler, E. A. Moneghan, C. G. Furst, Charles M. O'Connor, Dr. R. B. Watson and N. W. Fredericks. Surplus at the present time, $150,000. THE LOCK HAVEN TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. The Lock Haven trust and safe deposit company was organized in 1891 with the following officers: Henry T. Harvey, president; Charles Corss, solicitor, Jacob Scott, first vice president; Robert H. Furst, second vice president; Thomas R. Mann, secretary and treasurer; George W. Brown, assistant secretary and treasurer. The directors are: Henry T. Harvey, Jacob Scott, Jacob Brown, Charles Corss, Thomas H. Harmon, George W. Mason, Franklin M. Ross, S. M. McCormick, Lock Haven; Robert H. Furst, Cedar Springs; Robert Mann, Mill Hall; Peter L. Knecht, Parvin; Samuel E. Walker, Salona; Joseph Merrey, George D. Hess, Beech Creek. MOORE, SIMPSON & CO.'S BANK. Moore, Simpson & Co.'s bank was chartered in 1867, with a capital of $120,000. Its first officers were: Colonel W. H. Moore, president; E. C. McClure, cashier. Is was chartered as "The State Bank" in 1883, with Colonel W. H. Moore as president; W. A. Simpson, Sr., vice presi- dent, and E. C. McClure, cashier. Colonel W. H. Moore resigned in August, 1886. He was succeeded as president by W. A. Simpson. E. C. McClure died in January, 1890, and W. A. Simpson, Jr., was elected cashier in March of the same year. The present board of directors are: W. A. Simpson, B. M. Field, H. T. Harvey, Lock Haven; C. R. Noyes, Westport; A. N. Stevenson, Renovo; R. C. Quiggle, Pine Station. QUEENS RUN FIRE BRICK COMPANY. The Queens Run fire brick company was organized in March, 1887. by G. B. Merrill, J. C. Merrill, J. A. Bickford and L. M. Morrison. In January, 1890, an incorporation was formed and charter granted to Bar- ton Pardee, J. A. Bickford, G. B. Merrill, J. C. Merrill and C. P. Bick- ford. Capital stock, $200,000, full paid. This company has extensive fire clay mines at Queens Run, Pa., embracing about 5,000 acres, from PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY, 1 63 which they mine the clay to supply their large works, which are located in the city of Lock Haven. They operate three miles of narrow gauge railroad, equipped with one twelve-ton locomotive and 125 cars, used in transporting the clay from the mines to the river, where the cars are taken on board a large steam barge and carried to the works; the mines employ about thirty-five men. The works or plant of the company cover an area of about four acres, the main building being 70x210 feet, inwliich is Merrill's patent steam drying floor— over 20,000 square feet— acknowl- edged by all to be the greatest invention of the age for drying brick. The storage shed is 24x500 feet; eight kilns with a capacity of 45,000 brick each ; also pattern shops, blacksmith shop,dynamo house,engine and boiler house, office, railroad siding, etc., constitute the improvements of the company in Lock Haven. They manufacture strictly fire brick of various shapes of superior quality, and ship the same to all parts of the United States and Canada ; have a capacity of 30,000 brick per day ; employ about 160 hands and pay out about $5,000 monthly to the.r men. Barton Pardee is the [iresidcnt, and J. A. Bickford, secretary and treasurer and mana- ger of the company; David Salmon representing the company as sales- man. This company enjoys an enviable trade. The works are constantly running, night and day, to fill its orders. PENNSYLVANIA ARTIFICIAL STONE PAVING COMPANY, The Pennsylvania artificial stone paving company was organized August 28th, 1891, with the following officers and directors: George Weymouth, president; B. P. Geary, secretary and treasurer; directors, W. C. Kress, W. B. Carskaddon, James O'Hagan, E. P. Geary, John T. Beardsley, S. M. McCormick, George Weymouth ; Edward T. Gallagher, general manager. LOCK HAVEN ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY, The Lock Haven electric light and power company was organized Octo- ber, 1887, with Samuel Christ as president and W, S, Harris as secretary and treasurer. The charter of the company was amended September 1891; at which time P. M, Ross was elected president and general manager, and W. S. Harris re-elected secretary and treasurer. Two 150-horse power Ball engines, three Thompson & Huston machines, with a capacity of 150 arcs, and one alternating incandescent dynamo, with a capacity of 2,000 incandescent lights, is now in use. The plant of the company is on Church street, below the canal. LOCK HAVEN GAS WORKS, The Lock Haven gas company was incorporated by an Act of Assembly approved Pebruary 11th, 1844. The company at that time consisted of H. Q. Hawley, Allison White, Hon. L. A. Mackey, D. K. Jaekman William Fearon, Jr., J. W. Quiggle, B. W. Morrison, James Jefferies] H. E. Dieffenbach, J. H, Irwui and David Carskaddon. The company started with a capital of .$25,000. The gas works were built the same year and located on Church street, near the canal, with a capacity of 30 - 000 feet of gas per year. After changing hands several times the gas 164 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. works, in 1870, became the property of Samuel Christ, T. C. Kintzing, Daniel Rhoads, John W. Harris and John A. Christ, with Samuel Christ as president, and T. C. Christ as secretary and treasurer. The capacity of the works had at that time increased to 3,000,000 feet of gas per year. The present officers are: P. M. Ross, president and general manager, and W. S. Harris, secretary and treasurer. The works are still located on Church street, near the canal, and have a capacity at the present time of 14,600,000 feet of gas per year, LOCK HAVEN ILLUMINATING, POWER AND HEAT COMPANY. The Lock Haven illuminating, power and heat company was organized in 1884, with John W. Smith as president, and C. M. O'Connor as secre- tary and treasurer. In 1885 Joseph Graffius was elected secretary and treasurer, which position he still holds. The plant is located on the corner of Bald Eagle and Corning streets. Four 100-horse power engines are used for furnishing heat. The present officers and directors are as follows: John W, Smith, president; Joseph Graffius, secretary and treasurer; John W. Smith, F. S. Johnson, C. S. McCormick, C. M, O'Connor, F. M, Fields, Wilson Kistler, J, A, Wilson and J. Schuyler, Jr, w. c. T. u. At a call of several prominent ladies of Lock Haven, a large audience assembled in the Presbyterian chapel on Thursday evening, February 15th, 1883, for the purpose of organizing a Woman's Christian Temper- ance union, S, D, Ball, Esq., presided and introduced the speaker of the evening, Mrs. Marie, of Allegheny City, Pa., who stated the objects of the W. C. T, U., and explained its different departments of work. An organization was formed, and the following officers elected : Pres- ident, Mrs. Dudley Blanchard; first vice president, Mrs, S, D. Ball; second vice president, Mrs. 0. D. Satterlee; third vice president, Mrs. Lyons Mussina; fourth vice president, Mrs. H. B. Brown; fifth vice president, Mrs. C. G. Furst; recording secretary, Mrs, P, A, Heilman; corresponding secretary. Miss M. R, Conkling; treasurer, Mrs. Thomas Loveland. The first regular weekly meeting of the W. C, T. U, was held at the home of Mrs, Blanchard. The next regular meeting of the organiza- tion was held February 27th, at the home of Mrs. Wilson Kistler. At this meeting it was decided to rent the room on Main street, third door below Grove, and open the coffee house, each lady agreeing to furnish one pound of Java coffee for the opening. Mrs. S. D. Ball made and served the first cup of coffee in the new room. Before the close of 1883 the rooms occupied were found to be inadequate, and the building on the corner of Main and Grove streets was rented, and December 17th, 1883, the W. C. T. U, moved its headquarters to the new location. During the month of February, 1884, the services of Mrs. Mary Reese, of Ohio, were secured. In company with Mrs. Dudley Blanchard she visited different sections of the county, and established unions at Clintondale, Mackey- ville and Mill Hall. MRS. DUDLEY BLHNCHARD, Organizer and first President W C. T. U of Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 65 The second anniversary of the W. C. T. U. was held in the coffee house at Lock Haven, February 17th, 1885. Api-il 16th, 1885, a meeting was called, to convene in the court house at Lock liaven, for the purpose of effecting a county organization of the Woman's Christian Temperance union. The following committees were appointed: Committee on credentials, Mrs. Dalrymple, of Lock Haven, and Mrs. Williams, of Beech Creek; committee on plan of work. Miss Narcissa E. White, Mrs. Koser, of Renovo, and Mrs. Probst, of Lock Haven; committee on nominations, Miss Puella E. Dornblazer, of Mackeyville, Mrs. O. D. Satterlee, of Lock HaA^en, and Mrs, L. A. Leyden, of Beech Creek; committee on resolu- tions, Mrs. Williams, of Beech Creek, Mrs. A. S. Furst, of Cedar Springs, Mrs. Dalrymple, of Lock Haven, and Mrs. Charles Kyle, of Piemington. Mrs. Blanchard resigned her position as president of the W. C. T. U., September 8th, 1885. Upon the resignation of Mrs. Blanchard, Mrs, L. A. Mackey was chosen pi'esident. She also resigned, and Miss M. R. Conkling was then elected. Mrs. E. C. McClure succeeded Miss Conkling as secretary. In May, 1880, Miss Puella Dornblazer, of Mackeyville, was chosen president of the county organization, a position she has held ever since. The Children's Aid society, organized for the purpose of protecting and finding comfortable homes for destitute children, had its origin in the W. C. T. U. And later on the Lock Haven union was largely instru- mental in bringing about the present flourishing organization of the Y. M. C. A. The organization has also done valiant service for the enact- ment of the scientific temperance law of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Dudley Blanchard was born at Portland, Me. Her married life was spent in Lock Haven. She was the founder of the Woman's Christian Temperance union of Lock Haven, and also of the county organization. She was an active member of the Episcopal church, and a most estimable lady. She died at the home of the family, at Seatle, Wash., October 31st, 1887. She was an earnest Christian worker in the vineyard of her Master. She worked zealously all her life for the uplifting of humanity and the downfall of the liquor traffic, THE Y, M, C. A. OF LOCK HAVEN. This association was first organized in Lock Haven in June, 1873, and had for its first officers, John S. Mason, president; J, M. Emory, secre- tary ; P. J. Troxell, treasurer. At this time the association had a mem- bership of 150, and met every Sunday afternoon in a room on the second fioor of the Exchange building. For some reason the association went out of existence a few years later, and was not reorganized until October 2d, 1890. The officers elected at this time were F. L. Whitaker, pres- ident; L A. Shaffer, Jr., first vice president; George Loder, second vice president; T. M. Stephenson, secretary; George Ricker, treasurer; John N. Wahn, general secretary. 1 66 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A. was organized a few months after the forming of the association itself, with the following officers: Mrs. S. D. Ball, chairman ; Miss Clara Kreamer, vice chairman; Mrs. H. T. Harvey, secretary ; Mrs. David Salmon, treasurer. The rooms of the association are located on the first and second floors of the old postoffice building, on Grove street. The parlor was hand- somely fitted up by the Ladies' Auxiliary at a cost of |335. A large and well-furnished reading room, supplied with all the leading periodicals of the day, an amusement room devoted to various harmless games, and a completely equipped gymnasium, with a bath room attached, go to make up the attractions of the place. GOOD TEMPLARS LODGE, NO. 44, I. O. G. T. The Good Templars lodge, No. 44, L 0. G. T., was first instituted in Lock Haven between the years 1853 and 1855, the exact time not being definitely known, the records being destroyed in the flood of 1889. The lodge worked under the original charter until a short time before the war, when the order disbanded, and was reorganized under a new charter in 1865. The order worked under this charter until 1874. Mr. Jesse Batchelei" was the first chief templar of the 1. 0. G. T. in Lock Haven, and held the position for several years. In 1874 this lodge disbanded, and was reorganized December 1st, 1878, with the following officers: S. R. Compton, chief templar; H. B. Brown, vice templar; Dr. R. B. Church, chaplain; 0. S. Houtz, secretary; Annie Krebs, assistant secretary; Thomas Blackburn, financial secre- tary; Jennie Deise, treasurer; A. M. Thomas, marshal; Jennie Jobson, deputy marshal; Carrie Brown, guard; J. R. Stevenson, sentinel; C. Maud Walters, recording secretary ; Annie Deise, L. S. The latter organization prospered greatly, adding many new and in- fluential members at each meeting, until it numbered 300 members in good standing, and was called the banner Good Templar lodge of Penn- sylvania. In 1883 the organization took a back set, and within the next year lost all its members but eight, who remained and held its charter. In the fall of 1885 the Grand Lodge executive committee met in Lock Haven, and held its meetings in the court house. By the assistance and influence of this committee, the lodge of the city was again set upon a solid foundation. The present officers are : H. W. Shaffer, L D. ; W. R. Bierly, C. T. ; Annie Shroat, V. T. ; J. R. Toner, secretary; Anna Shaffer, financial secretary; John Busche, treasurer; Lula Rathberger, chaplain; Christ Barner, marshal; Lizelle Lay, guard; Maggie Hawkins, sentry. The Good Templars silver cornet band was organized July 24th, 1891, with the following officers: H. W. Shaffer, president; C. Ward Marks, vice president; W. R. Bierly, secretary; Grant Warner, assistant sec- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 67 retary; Eugene Bierly, treasurer. The Good Teini>lars band has tweuty-four ineiubers. Their musical instruments were jjurchased at a cost of nearly $780. The organization is in a flourishing condition. LAFAYETTE LODGE, NO. 199, F. AND A. M. Lafayette lodge, No. 199, F. and A. M. was instituted at Jersey Shore, November 20th, 1845. The charter officers of Lafayette lodge were: Philip Krebs, W. M. ; William Morrison, S. W. ; John P. McElrath, J. W. ; Henry L. Dieffenbach, secretary ; William Richards, treasurer. The officers for 1891 were: J, Harris Mussina, W. M. ; P. M. Ross, S. W. ; Allen Sterner, J. W., Herman Simon, treasurer; John T. Beardsley, sec- retary. Lafayette lodge meets the second Thursday of each month in Mayer's block, on Water street. Membership, 300. LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 163, R. A. M. Lafayette chapter, No. 163, R. A. M. was instituted December 29th, 1848, with the following charter officers: Philip Krebs, H. P.; H. T. Beardsley, king; William Smith, scribe. The officers for 1892 are: W. H. Klapp, n. P.; Moses Sondheimer, king; G. L. Morelock, scribe; John Schuyler, Jr., treasurer; John T. Beardsley, secretary; Herman Simon, Horace G. Hanna, Sterrett R. Quigley, trustees; John Noble, R. to G. C. Lafayette chapter meets the third Friday of each month in Mayer's block, on Water street. HOSPITALLER COMMANDERY, NO. 46, M. K. T. The Hospitaller commandery, No. 46, M. K. T. was instituted Novem- ber 28th, 1872, with the following officers: H. T. Beardsley, E. C. ; Tor- rance C. Hippie, G. ; Thomas Reed, C. G. ; George T. Tozer and William H. Smith, treasurers. The officers of the commandery for 1891 were: John Noble, Em. Com. ; P. M. Ross, Geno; John P. Brown, Capt. Gen. ; John Schuyler, Jr., treasurer; John T. Beardsley, recordei-. The Hos- pitaller commandery meets the fourth Monday of each mouth in Mayer's block on W^ater street. CLINTON LODGE, NO. 98, I. O. 0. F. Clinton lodge, No. 98, I. 0. 0. P. is the oldest organization in existence in Lock Haven. It was instituted in the old court house, November 12th, 1844. The charter members were: Gideon Hunt, B. W. Morrison, James White, James W. Quiggle, Alexander W. Hunkle. The chapter officers were: James White, N. G. ; James W. Quiggle, V. G. ; B. W. Morrison, secretary; A. W. Hunkle, assistant secretary; Gideon Hunt, treasurer. These officers were installed by Deputy Grand Master N. B. Leidy, November 12th. 1844. The officers for 1891 were: A. Nonemacher, N. G. ; J. D. Weaver, V. G. ; J. H. Weaver, secretary; John P. Anthony, assistant secretary; J. N. McNally, treasurer; John P. Anthony, Rep. to G. L. This order meets every Tuesday evening in their own hall, on Main street. The membership for 1891 was seventy-four. 1 68 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. CLINTON ENCAMPMENT, NO. 27, I. O. O. F. Clinton encampment, No. 27, I. 0. 0. P. was instituted at Lock Haven, March 2d, 1846, with the following named persons as charter oflficers: James White, C. P. ; J. W. Quiggle, H. P. ; James Fearon, S. W. ; E. H. Piatt, J. W. ; J. P. McElrath, I. S. ; T. W. Caller, 0. S. The pres- ent officers are: W. T. Phipps, C. P. ; S. M. McCormick, H. P. ; John S. Stiner, S, W. ; A, Nonemacher, J, W. Meets second and fourth Mon- days of each month, in Great Island hall. GREAT ISLAND LODGE, NO. 320, I. O. O. F. Great Island lodge. No. 320, I. O. 0. F., was instituted at Lock Haven, June 19th, 1848, with the following officers: Jared Huling, N. G.; C. J. Houseal, V. G. ; Joseph T. Hunt, fecretary; W. W. Rynder, assistant secretary; R. M. Hanna, treasurer. The officers for 1891 were: Rex Kyler, N. G. ; James L Crotzer, V. G. ; I. A. Shaffer, Sr., financial sec- retary; Thomas P. Meyer, recording secretary; H. S. Baker, treasurer. This lodge meets in their hall, in Kreamer's block, on Thursday evening of each week, and has a membership of ninety. PATRIARCHS MILITANT, I. 0. 0. F. Lock Haven Canton, No. 20, Patriarchs Militant, I. 0. 0. F. was in- stituted August 20th, 1888. The officers were as follows: Captain, War- den J. McLees; lieutenant, Isaac A. Sliaffer, Sr., ensign, J. II. Wil- liams; clerk, J. M. Ilinkson; accountant, William Ely; standard bearer, Hugh McLeod: guide, Frank A. Heydrick; picket, J. Sam Paul; sentinel, C. C. Conser. The present officers are: Captain, F. A. Hey- drick; lieutenant, J. M. Hinkson; ensign, C. C. Conser; clerk, J. H. Williams; accountant, W. J. McLees; standard bearer, L. B. Rhines; sentinel, J. H. Weaver; picket, J. S. Steiner; guide, Robert Coll. QUEEN LODGE, NO. 24, DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH, I. O. O. F. Queen lodge. No. 24, Daughters of Rebekah, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted in Lock Haven, January 18th, 1870, with the following officers: H. W. Bossert, N. G. ; Harriet A. McGill, V. G. ; Piatt Hitchcock, secretary; D. Hunt, treasurer. The present officers are: Lizzie Phipps, N. G. ; Mary B. Bloom, V. G. ; Lucetta Meyer, secretary, A. G. Bloom, R. S. ; Emma B. Bean, F. S. ; Ellie Nestlerode, W. ; Mary Weaver, Con. ; Kate Heydrick, I. G. ; J. D. Dean, 0. G. ; Elizabeth Porter, C. This order meets the first and third Saturdays of each month, in I. 0. 0. F. hall, postoffice block. Present membership, forty. WASHINGTON CAMP, NO. 161 P. 0. S. OF A. Washington camp. No. 161, P. 0. S. of A., was organized in Lock Haven, Pa., January 18th, 1872, with the following officers: J. H. Fishurne, P. P. ; J. N. Farnsworth, P. ; C. H. Meckley, V. P. ; L. Leeds, M. F. and C. ; D. L. Bisel, R. S., A. R. Sloan, treasurer: J. N, Heath, F. S. ; T. H. Harmon, Con. ; P. Shroat, I. G. ; A. D. Smith, 0. G. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 69 The officers for 1891 are Jacob Waterman, P. P. ; J. B. Livingston, P. ; P. M. Ilaniia, V. P.; H. J. Fox, M. of F. and C. ; M. W. Kern, R. S. ; John T. Zimmerman, F. S. ; C. C. Curtin, treasurer; II. L. Dunkle, Con. ; A. Sarba, I.; J. D. McClintock, G. Washmgton camp, No. 161, meets every Monday night in Farns- worth's hail, Grove street. WASHINGTON CAMP, NO. 195, P. O. S. OF A. Washington camp. No. 195, was organized in Lock Haven, Pa., July 25th, 1873. The first officers of the order were: A. D. Mellick, P. P.; L. R. McGill, P.; N. B. Dovey, V. P.; L. M. Schuyler, M.ofF. andC; D. Bogenrief, treasurer; M. C. Liiigle, R. S.; A. M. Thomas, Con.; P. Schroat, I. G.; E. W. Passel, 0. G.; G. H.Basner, F. S. The officers for 1891 were: W. H. McClintock, P.; Charles Kemmerer,V. P.; B. F. Graden, M. of F. and C; Charles A. Shaffer, R. S.; Joseph Shaffer, F. S.; George W. Mason, treasurer; Warren Kyler, Con.; George Peck, I.; Charles Bitner, G. This order has a membership of ninety- five, and meets every Thursday evening in F'arnsworth's hall, on Grove street. PUTNAM COMMANDERY, NO. 18, P. O. S. OF A. This commandery was organized in Lock Haven, Pa., September 6th, 1878. Its charter officers were J. N. Farnsworth, Com,; J. K. Orr, L. C; Elias Confer, R.; J. T. Zimmerman, S.; W. J. Henry, P.; R. C. Kennelly, I.; S. S. Reimer, G.; James Huston, B. A. Fahringer and J. H. Williams, trustees. The officers for 1893 are: A. Sarba, P. C; C. E. Oberheim, Con.; A. E. Graham, L. C; B. A. Fahringer, S.; J. H. Williams. P.; C. H. Shoemaker, R.; C. C. Curtin, I.; J. J. Kemmerer, G. ; A. Sarba, C. C. Curtin and M. W. Kern, financiers ; J. H. Williams, R. to P. A, The commandery meets the third Friday of every month in Farnsworth's hall. No. 131 Main street. Membership, thirty. CLINTON CASTLE, NO. 354, KNIGHTS OP THE GOLDEN EAGLE, Clinton castle, No, 254, Knights of the Golden Eagle, was instituted at Lock Haven, Pa., March 19th, 1888, by Charles Huston, grand chief. The first officers were James C, Smith, P, C. ; Daniel Gross, N. C; L. R. Paup, V. C; G. W, Luther, H. P.; C. C, Jacobs, V. H.; George S. Kulp, M, of R.; J. P. Smith, C. of B.; George Miller, K. of E.; L. R. Smith, S. H. The present officers are: P. C, A, H. Nitsche; N, C, Daniel Gross; V, C, E, C. Decker; H. P., George B, Warner; V. H., David Marks; M. of R., W. H. Bower; C. of E., Sidney Clark; K. of E., John G. Miller; S. H., David McClellan; W. B., W. F, Snyder; W. C, O, D. Beck; E., Christ Marolf; E., J, P. Smith; F. G., John H. Hamilton; S, G., Jacob Scheid; trustee?, William Fabel, C. C. Jacobs, James C. Smith; R. to the G. C, Daniel Gross. 12 I/O PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. CRESCENT COMMANDERY, K. OF G. E. Crescent comraandery, K. of G. E., was organized at Lock Haven, January 1st, 1890, with the following officers: C. C. Jacobs, C; Joseph Ricker, F. L.; A. W. Brungard, S. L.; E. S. McNaul, secretary; Daniel Gross, treasurer. The present officers are: C. C. Jacobs, C; A, H. Nitchie, F. L.; B. S. McNaul, S. L.; George B. Warner, secretary; Daniel Gross, treasurer. The comniandery meets the first and third Mon- day of each month in their own armory, on Main street. Present mem- bership, thirty, BALD EAGLE LODGE, NO. 144, KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Bald Eagle lodge. No. 144, K. of P., was instituted June 30lh, 1869. The charter officers were: A. H, Strayer, P. C; J. W. Chapman, C. C; E. L, Barret, V, C; R. S, Barker, M. at A,; , P,; W. A, Sloan, M, of F,; J, N, Farnsworth, K. of R and S, Present officers are: W. H. Duetch, P, C; J, M, Shrock, C, C; John C. Gould, Jr., V. C; J. S. Ric. early youth he left his home and located at Blanchard, Maine, where he remained for a number of years. In June, 1870, he located in Lock Haven, where he has remained ever since. Mr. Merrill was married November 17Lli, 1835, to Caroline Blanchard, of Cumberland, Maine. They have had ten children, seven of whom are living. They are George B. Merrill, of Williamsport ; John C. Merrill, of Lock Haven; Mrs. George A. Shappleigh, of Denver, Col. ; Miss Dora B. Merrill, of Akron, Ohio; Mi's. Elizabeth Carskaddon and Misses Margaret and Eva Merrill, of Lock Haven. Mr. Merrill has been for many years secretary and treasurer of the Highland cemetery company, and for several years has held the same position in the Lock Haven library association. He has been a trustee of the Central state normal school ever since it was established. Pauls. Merrill was admitted to the bar of Clinton county in 1870, and to the Lycoming county bar the same year. He is a liberal hearted man, always ready to help those in distress. Although now in his 83d year he has not given up active business, and can daily be seen at his office. Note.— Paul S. Merrill died suddenly Sunday morning, June 12th, 1892, and was buried in Highland cemetery, Wednesday, June 15th, 1892. B. F. GEARY. B. F. Geary was born at Hublei'sburg, Centre county, Pa., November 20th, 1861. He is a son of A. C. Geary, who for many years was justice of the peace of Walker township, and treasurer of Centre county from 1869 to 1872. The family moved to Lock Haven in 1874, and the subject of this sketch attended the public schools of the city until 1877. In the fall of that year he entered the Lock Haven normal school, where he graduated in the elementary course in 1879, and in the scientific course in 1881. He taught school for three years after his graduation, and then read law. He was admitted to the Clinton county bar in 1885, For one year after his adrais-ion he was a partner of his brother, E. P. Geary, bill withdrew from the firm in 188G. He entered the office of W. C. Kress, Esq., and in 1890 became his partner. In February, 1891, Mr. Geary was elected a member of city council from the Third ward of Lock Haven. He was mari-ied in June, 1890, to M. Allison White, daughter of the late W, A. White, of Clintondale, Pa. T. M. STEVENSON. T. M. Stevenson was born near Cedar Springs, Porter township, No- vember 25th, 1860. His early education was received at the public schools. In January, 1881, he entered the Central state normal school, and graduated from that institution in 1882. After teaching one term, he entered Eastman's business college at Poughkeep^ie, N, Y. ; graduated 11 202 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. from there in June, 1883. He then entered the office of H. T. Harvey, Esq., where he read law for two years. He wa? admitted to the Clinton county bar, May 19th, 1885, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession. Mr. Stevenson was married, in 1886, to Maggie Shoemaker, daughter of Rev. Shoemaker, of Jacksonville, Centre county, Pa. HENRY T. HALL. Henry T. Hall was born in the borough of Mill Hall, October 25th, 1858. He attended the public schools of the borough. In 1878 he entered the Lock Haven normal school, and graduated from that institution in June, 1880. The following winter and for three successive winters he had charge of the Mill Hall schools. In 1883 he began the study of law in the office of H. T. Harvey, Esq. In 1885 he went to Kansas, where he was admitted to practice law in the courts of Cowley county. He re- mained but a few months, being called home by the serious illness of his mother. He then decided to remain in the East, and for a time clerked in the store of Fredericks & Munro, at Parrandsville. In 1889 he was admitted to practice law in the courts of Clinton county. He entered the law office of T. C. Hijtple, and has been a prominent fixture of that gentleman's establishment ever since. In July of 1892 he received the nomination of the Republican party for district attorney of Clinton county, and at present writing is a strong candidate for election to that office. A. w. Mccormick. A. W. McCormick, son of C. S. McCormick, Esq., was born in Lock Haven, March 4th, 1864. He attended the public schools of the city until 1880, when he entered New Windsor college, at New Windsor, Md., where he remained until 1882. He then entered La Fayette college, Easton, Pa., from which institution he graduated in 1886. After spend- ing two years reading law with his father, he was admitted to practice in the courts of Clinton county. Mr. McCormick is an ardent and active Democrat, and quite a shrewd politician. He was chairman of the Dem- ocratic county committee for three years, and served two years as city auditor. Mr. McCormick was married December 3d, 1889, to Miss Annie Charaberlin, steindaughter of Hon. A. C. Hopkins, of Lock Haven. The other members of the Clinton county bar at the present time are: S. R. Reale, J. W. Yongman, W. P. Shraeder, C. G. Furst, Sydney Furst, Orin T. Noble, M. C. Lingle, Joseph Parsons, J. W. Group, B. F. Winters, W. C. Hollaban, A. W. Brungard, A. F. Ryon and E. P. Geary. R, B, WATSON, M, D, Lock Haven, Pa. PHYSICIANS OF LOCK HAVEN. R. B. WATSON, M. D. DR. R. B. WATSON was born at Gettysburg, Adams county, Pa., in 1838. He prepared for college at what was then called the Lawrenceville school, at Lawrence, N. J. He entered Princeton college in 1855, and graduated from that institution in 1859. He then began the study of medicine with Dr. W. Q. Davis, of Milton, Pa. In 1861 he entered the University of Pennsylvania, at Phil;idelpliia, and graduated from there in 1863. He then went to the war, and after a few months was appointed surgeon for the United States Army hospital, at Chester, Pa., which posilion he held until April, 1865. In June, 1865, he came to Lock Haven, where he soon acquired a lucrative prfictice. Dr. Watson was married ni December, 1866, to Emma L. Graffius, daughter of Abraham Graffius, one of Lock Haven's oldest and most prominent citizens. His wife died in 1884, and in September, 1887, he mari-ied Miss Anna Elliott, of Jersey City, At the present time Dr. Watson is president of the Clinton County Medical society. State mem- ber of the Pennsylvania Medical society, a member of the American Medical association, and a member of the National Association of Rail- way Surgeons. He is one of the trustees of the Great Island Presbyterian church, and has been for ten years a trustee of the Lock Haven Normal school, as well as one of its strongest supporters. He is one of the best physicians in the city of Lock Haven, and one of her most useful citizens. F. P. BALL, M. D. Dr. F. P. Ball was born May 22d, 1856, at Minersville, Schuylkill county, Pa. He is the eldest son of S. D. Ball, Esq. The family moved to Lock Haven in 1860. Dr. Ball attended the city schools until 1873. He entered the Pennsylvania university, at Philadelphia, in 1874, and graihiated from there in 1877. After his graduation he acted as subor- dinate fihysician at the Wilkes-Barre liospital for a term of six months. He then located at Chester, Pa., where he practiced for two years. He next located at Salona, Clinton county, Pa., where he remained until he came to Lock Haven, in the fall of 1881. Dr. Ball was married in 1883 to M. Louise Mackey, daughter of the late Hon. L. A. Mackey. His office and residence are located in the Mackey mansion, corner of Grove and Water streets. Dr. P. P. Ball is now president of the West Branch Med- ical association, a member of the Lycoming County Medical society, the Clinton County Medical society, and of the American Medical association. He is considered one of the leading physicians in Clinton county, and enjoys a lucrative and constantly increasing practice. 204 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. J. H. HAYES, M. D. Dr. J. H. Hayes was born April 9th, 1841, in Noithuraberland county. He attended La Fayette college in 1856, and graduated from that institu- tion in 1859. He then read medicine, and graduated from Jefferson Medical college in 1863. He at once entered the Army of the Potomac, and served until his regiment was mustered out of service, in 1865. Dr. Hayes began the practice of medicine in Lock Haven in 1865, and has been one of the city's most prominent physicians ever since. He was married in 1869 to Annie H. Mackey, daughter of the late Hon. L. A. Mackey. They have two sons, Mackey and W. Bruce. The former is assistant in the State bank, and the latter book-keeper for the Pennsyl- vania Pulp and Paper Mill company of Lock Haven. W. J. SHOEMAKER, M. D. Dr. W. J. Shoemaker was born in Woodward townsliip, Clinton county. Pa., Sej)! ember 20tli, 1852. He attended the public schools until he reached his eighteenth year; then attended one term at the Clinton County Normal, heid by Superintendent A. D. Rowe, at Salona. After one term spent in teaching, he entered the Millersville State Normal school, where he remained for one year. After teaching two years he entered the North Western College of Illinois, and graduated from that institution in 1879. After his giaduation he spent a few months in the state of Nebraska, then returned to Lock Haven, where he read medicine with Dr. Armstrong. In September, 1880, he entered the medical de- partment of the University of Maryland, graduating from that institution in the spring of 1882. He then located at Mill Hall, Pa., where he fol- lowed his profession until the fall of 1886, when he moved to Lock Haven. Dr. Shoemaker was married June 20th, 1882, to Maria Stowe, of Quincy, Mass. His office and residence at this time is at No. 221 East Main street, in the brick dwelling occupied for many years by the late Dr. A. G. Walls. Dr. Shoemaker is at present president of Clinton County Medical association. H. C. LICHTENTHALER, M. D. Dr. H. C. Lichtenthaler was born in Lock Haven, July 27th, 18G0. He received his early education in the different private schools of Lock Haven. In 1876 he entered Cheltenham academy, near Philadeljihia, remaining there one year. In September, 1877, he entered what was called "Ilill school," at Pottstown, Bucks county. Pa., and graduated from that institution in June, 1879. He then returned to Lock Haven, and began the study of medicine in the office of the late Dr. A. G. Wrty-nine days. He was also a witness on the celebrated land case of Shepp, Dull & Sillyman vs. Eckiey B. Coxe, which was tried at Pottsville a few years ago. This ca.'^e created wide spread attention at the time, and lasted three months. Mr. iMitcheil lived in Centre cov^ty until 1874, when he came to Lock Haven, where he has remained ever since. During the time he resided in Centre county, he served two terms as county surveyor. William P. Mitchell has the rep- utation, and justly deserves it, of being one of the best land surveyors in the state of Pennsylvania. His services are constantly in demand, and WM. P. MITCHELL, SURVEYOR, Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 215 his ability iiclcnowledged by the best hind hiwyers of the state. His skill at draughting is remarkable. It is said his maps of surveys are the finest presented before the United States court. ARCHIBALD MUNRO. Archibald Munro, one of the senior members of the firm of Fi-edericks & Munio, was born in Nova Scotia in 1834, and came with his parents to Farrandsville in 1838. They remained there during the time the Lycom- ing Coal company operated the mines; when that company gave up business in 1840 Farrandsville was a dead place. The Munro family then moved to Queen's Run, where they remained until the Farrands- ville Coal company began operation, in 1847; the family then returned to Farrandsville and the subject of this sketch entered the company's store as clerk. He remained in the employ of this company until they gave up business, in 1860. He then entered the employ of the Eagleton Coal and Iron company as timekeeper and paymaster. At this time Eagleton was a lively place. About 150 men were emjjloyed at the works arfd the mines were profitable. Mr. Munro rem-iined with the Eaglelon com- pany until they shut down, in 1865. He then became manager of the Rock Cabin mines, which had just been started by the McIIenry Coal company ; he remained with them until 1869. He then returned to Farrandsville, and in 1873 Fredericks & Munro started their fire brick works. In 1888 Mr. Munro purcha&ed a handsome residence in Lock Haven, where he has since resided. REV. CHARLES JAMES WOOD. Rev. Charles James Wood, present rectoi' of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal parish, of Lock Haven, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, July 4th, 1854. He attended the public schools of Cleveland, and graduated from the city high school, after which he entered Harvard University and graduated with the degree of B. A. in the class of 1875. He then entered the General Theological seminary of the Protestant Episcopal church in New York city, and graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Sacred Theology in 1878. In July, 1878, lie was ordained deacon in ministry of Episcopal church, and in 1880 was advanced to the priest- hood. Rev. Charles James Wood has had parishes in Indiana, New York and New Jersey. He is a member of the American Oriental society, of the Christian Socinl union, and active in the various Masonic orders. He is also a popular and frequent contributor to the Christian Union, Andover Review and church serials. He is a lecturer of marked ability, and has lectured at Philadelphia, Elmira, Cambridge, Mass., at Williamsport and other places upon matters of literature, religion, archelogy and folk-lore. Rev, Charles James Wood is an educated and able man, with broad views and sound jiulgment. 2l6 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. JOHN CANDOR. The subject of this sketch was born in Chillisquaque township, North- umberland county, Pa., Decemlier 22d, 1828. Mr. Candor attended the coramon schools until his sixteenth year, when he entered the Lewisburg university, where he I'emained two years. In February, 1853, he went to California, where he followed keeping store and mining. During his stay in California he and six associates visited what was known as "Death Valley." They endured great privations, suffering for lack of food and water. Returning to the East in 1867, he located at Lock Haven, where he opened a hardware store with Isaac Shaffer and Shaffer Johnson as partners. The interests of his partners were afterwards purchased by Joseph Candor. The Candor Brothers conducted the hardware business for many years. John Candor afterwards sold out his interest to his brother, Joseph. Mr. Candor became a candidate on the Democratic ticket for sheriff' in 1875. He received the nomination and was elected. Since that time he has been tax collector and constable of his ward, but has not sought for any other political positions. John Candor is a man noted for his obliging and kindly dispo.sition, and counts his friends by the score. He was married in 18Gt> to Mary M. Groves, of Centre county. Pa. -PROFESSOR J. M. PEOPLES. Professor J. M. Peoples was born July 29th, 1837, at New Providence, Lancaster county, Pa. He attended the public schools until 1855 ; then entered the Lancaster County Normal school, (now Millersville Normal school,) and graduated from there in 1859. He next became principal of the schools at Cressona, Pa., where he taught one term in 1860, and an- other in 1864. In the fall of 1861 he took charge of the mathematical department of the Excelsior Normal institute at Carversville, Bucks county. Pa., where he taught for three terms. He taught a select sch' ol at Pottstown, Pa., in 1863, and another at Spring Valley Hall, in 1865-'66. In 1867 he took charge of the Union school at New Providence for one term. In 1868 he entered the mercantile business for five years. During this time he served as justice of the peace. In the spring of 1874 iie moved to Millersville, where he remained until he came to Lock Haven to take charge of the mathematical department of the Central State Nornuil school, on September 11th, 1877. During the time he was a member of the Normal school fnculty he served as vice president. He remained at the school until August 8th, 1884, when he entered upon his duties as teller of the First National bank of Lock Haven, which position he has creditably and satisfactorily hlled ever since. Mr. Peoples was married March 19th, 1862, to H. Margaret Royer, of Pottsville, Pa. He is the father of six children, five of whom are living. His eldest is William Royer Peoples, who was born August 1st, 1863. W. R. Peoples graduated in the scientific course of the Lock Haven Normal school in 1882, and was for a time a member of the Normal school faculty. For five years he was principal of the Lycoming county Normal school and the public schools of Muncy. At present he is practicing law in Williams- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 21/ port, having beeii admitted to the bar of Lycoming county in 1890. He was married in June, 1889, to Miss Lillian Watson, of Allenwood, Pa. Tlie second chilil of Prof. Peoples was Ivie M., who graduated from the Luck Haven Normal school in 1882. She married M. G. Cocklin, now principal of the Pawn Grove academy, in York county, Pa. The third child was Harry Peoples, born June 4(h, 1869. He is at present an assistant in the Johnsonburg National bank. The fourth, Mary S. Peoples, was born December 21st, 1873, she at present resides with her l)arents. The last child is Rossiter Miller Peoples, born August 23d, 1886. GEORGE P. SHAFFER. George P. Shaffer, present city treasurer of Lock Haven, was born on a farm near SelinsgroA'e, Snyder county, March 24th, 1836. He remained on the farm until he was thu'teen years of age, and then moved with his parents to Northumberland, Pa., where he followed the canal until he was eighteen yeais of age, when he learned the carpenter trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. In 1859 he came to Lock Haven, where he worked at his trade until 1870, when he entered the grocery business. This investment proved a failure, and in a few years he lost all he had possessed, and went to work in the Lock Haven furniture fac- tory, where he remained for three years. On the 26th of March, 1886, he entered the insurance office of Charles M. O'Connor as book keeper, i-e- taiiiing this position until April 19th, 1889. He was nominated for city treasurer by the Democrats, iind elected over Joseph Graffius, the Repub- lican candidate, February, 1890; and was re-elected in February, 1892. During his term of office as county treasurer he has given entire satis- faction. Mr. Shaffer is one of Lock Haven's best citizens. N. B. DOREY. The subject of this sketch was born at Liberty, Clinton county, Pa., March 29t]i, 1842. He attended the public schools, and, in 1864, gradu- ated at Eastman's Business college. He then became book-keeper for E. T. Fleming & Co., and afterwards hccarae a member of the said firm, who at that time operated a planing mill where the West Branch furni- ture factory now stands. Fleming & Co. sold out, in 1870. to Strong, Byers & Co. Mr. Dorey became book-keeper for the firm, which position he held until 1873, when he and A. B. Hanna opened a grocery store in the block now occupied by tlie Democrat and News Publishing company. In 1876 he sold out his business, and spent the next few years in raising tobacco. In 1885 he was elected alderman from the First ward of Lock Haven, and served one term, being succeeded in the office by Prof. John P. Anthony. Mr. Dorey is now in the pension business with H. T. Hall, of Lock Haven. 15 2l8 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. LEVI G. HECK. Kev. Levi G. Heck was born April 9th, 1842, in Huntingdon county, Pa. He was raised on a farm. At the age of eighteen he began teaching school. Higher educational advantages were enjoyed at Milnwood acad- emy, Huntingdon county, Pa., and at Carlisle, Pa. He enlisted August 4th, 1862, and, with the exception of a few months, served to the close of the war— rising to the rank of first lieutenant. He participated in a num ber of engagements, Antietam being the first. He was present at the taking of Petersburg and at the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. On being discharged, September, 1865, Mr. Heck returned to his old home and again began the work of teaching. In 1868 he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was first sent to the Tuscarora circuit, in Juniata county. Pa., and was received into the Central Pennsylvania conference March. 1869. Rev. Heck spent fifteen years of his life in active ministerial work on laborious circuits, many of which were in the West Branch valley. Owing to impaired health he was obliged to give up active work in the spring of 1886. Although not actively engaged in ministerial duties, he is yet a member of conference. Rev. Heck was married, in 1865, to Miss Sarah Widney, of Concord, Franklin county, Pa. Three children blessed their union — two sons and one daughter. W. W. RICHIE. Colonel W. W. Richie was born on a farm near Dunnstown, Clinton county, Pa., November 17th, 1844. His father was William Richie, who was born near Ferney's Run, Clinton county, in 1806, and who died in 1886. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools until he reached his sixteenth year. In 1861 he enlisted in the 52d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served for three years. He then returned to Lock Haven. In 1865 he began the publishing of local maps, which business he followed until 1877. In 1877 he published an industrial work entitled "Industries and Institutions of Centre County, Pa." The book was one of great interest; an edition of 1,500 copies was sold. Mr. Richie then followed farming for several years; after which he em- barked in the nursery business, in which he is still engaged. Colonel Richie was the organizer of the Union Veteran Legion, at Lock Haven, in 1891, which is an organization open only to soldiers of the lale war who enlisted prior to July 1st, 1863. He also organized the Ladies' Auxiliary of the order, in October of the same year. LEVI R. PAUP. L. R. Paup was born in Dover township, York county, Pa., May 7th, 1843. He attended the public schools, and also spent several terms at "Cottage Hill college," in York, Pa. He taught school during the win- ter and worked at bricklaying in summer until 1882. In 1863 he went PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2I9 to Sunbury, Pa., and began work for the P. & E. railroad company, and was sent by them to Renovo to work on t he car shops. In 1865 he came to Lock Haven, where he has remained ever since. Mr. Paup taught school ill different parts of Clinton county for seventeen years. His first work as a contractor was the building of the Lock Haven paper mill. Since that time he has executed many contracts; among them being the Tyrone paper mill, the McKinney block, on Bellefonte avenue, and the Central State Normal school, this city, which was the greatest undertaking in the building line he ever undertook. Among the many large bridges built by him are: the one across Codorus creek, at York, Pa.; the one across the Susquehanna, at Renovo, which was carried away by the flood of 1889; the Bald Eagle bridge, at Flemington, and the one at the west end of Great Island, known as one of the Great Island bridges. Mr. Paup has served two terms as county auditor, and several terms as school director. He has also served several terms as assessor for the First ward o Lock Haven. He has always been an ardent Democrat and a prom'nent and useful member of his party. JAMES C. SMITH. James C. Smith was born in Beech Creek township, June 28th, 1846. His father, Joseph M. Smith, settled at an early day on the tract now known as the Hcimer farm. Here James C. Smith was born find spent his early life. lie received a common school education, and in 1874 took a commercial course at Iron City coUegi', Pittsburg, Pa. In 1876 he was mnrried to Belle E. Weaver, a daughter of George P. Weaver, of Bellefonte. In 1879 he moved his fauiily to Bay City. Mich., where he filled the positoin of general agent for the Demorest Sewing Machine Co. In October, 1881, they returned East, and Mr. Smith engaged in the gro- cery business at Beech Creek for nearly two years. In 1885 he received the nomination of the Democratic party for register and recorder of Clinton county, was elected in November, 1885, re-elected for a second term in 1888, and defeated for a third term in 1891. Mr. Smith is a di- rector ol the Lock Haven Trust Co., and was one of its organizers. I. L. McCLOSKEY. I. L. McCloskey ex-county superintendent of Clinton county, was born near Lock Haven, January 3d, 1835. He received his early educa- tion in the common schools of the county, and afterwards, by lose ap- plication to books and by the aid of select schools of the county, prepared himself for the work of teaching. He entered the profession before he was twenty years of age, and has taught successfully ever since in the counties of Clinton, Cameron, Elk and Lycoming. He was elected county superintemlent in 1884, which office he filled in a creditable man- ner. He has spent the greater part of his life in the work of teaching. 220 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. GEORGE A. BROWN, ESQ. Captain George A. Brown was born in Bald Eagle township, on what is now known as the Packer farm, October 11th, 1852. His parents moved to Lock Haven when he was thirteen years of age. He attended the city schools until 1870, when he entered the Pennsylvania State college, where he remained for nearly three years. After leaving college he assisted his father, W. H. Brown, in the duties of the prothonotary's office for a year. He then entered the law office of T. C. Hippie, where he remained as a student until September, 1876, when he entered the Albany law school, and graduated from there May 1st, 1877, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of New York state, May 16th, 1877. He returned to Lock Haven, was examined and admitted to practice in the courts of Clinton county in September, 1877. He opened an office, and has suc- cessfully practiced his profession ever since. In August, 1881, Mr. Brown received the nomination of the Demociatic party for district attorney, and was elected at the November election, and re-elected in November, 1884. During his term as district attorney the Colby murder occurred, and Mr. Brown, as prosecuting attorney, at once set to work to find the murderer. In company with officers Westbrook and Vernes he pre- pared the field work of the ease, and in a very short time the trial was concluded and the murderer hanged. George A. Brown was elected captain of Company 11 April 14th, 1884, and re-elected in 1889. He sent in his resignation, which was accepted, and he received an honorable discharge, May, 1890. IRfl ffi. HfiRYEY, Business Manager Daily and Weekly Democrat, Lock Haven, Pa. PROMINENT BUSINESS MEN OF LOCK HAVEN. HENRY H. VAN DYKE. HENRY H. VAN DYKE was born September 23cl, 1832, in Lycom- ing connty. He worked upon his father's I arm until he was sev- enteen years of a^e, when he engaged in the tanning business, which he followed for three years. He then went to Western New York, and assisted in constructing a railroad from Youngstown to Niagara Falls, and later constructed another road from Lewiston to Niagara Falls. After which he went to Canada, where he clerked for one year. He was then called home to join in the division of his father's farm. He re- mained on his farm for one year. He then sold his land and came to Lock Haven, and secured a contract for constructing a portion of the P. & E. railroad. After completing his contract he engaged in lumber- ing, on Beech Creek, for one year. He and his brother, L. J. Van Dyke, then took the contract to complete the Bald Eagle Valley railroad. They spent three years on this contract. They also built a section of the Snow Shoe road. They next engaged in constructing the Lewisburg and Spruce Creek road, taking and completinport, he bade adieu to the school room, and accepted the general agency of several counties for the Farmers' Mutual Fire In- surance company, of Danville, Pa., of which town he was a native. After building up a large busines-^ in the territory assigned him, and spending PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 223 several years in managing the same, he abandoned mutual insurance en- tirely, and has since confined himself to cash rate companies, as agent for which he enjoys a large patronage. While beginning his career as a fire insurance agent, he has for years been largely identified with life and ac- cident insurance. Although broken in health during the past seven yeais, most of the time confined to his bed or a rolling chair, his energy and courage never forsook him. This is well illustrated by his hnving written, during sixteen inonths continuously spent in bed, $110,000 of life insurance, $63,000 of which was written by his own hand while the applicant sat by his bedside. Two years ago he founded the Insurance Solicitor, a paper for the use of agents of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance company, of which he is himself an agent. It now enjoys a circulation of nearly 40,000 copies monthly, in twenty-three states of the union, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In July, 1891, he entered into partnership with Mr. Arthur Pearson, under the firm name of Gearhart & Pearson, as such becoming general agents for Middle Pennsylvania of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance company, above named. At the age of forty-nine, though unable to walk, and confined to a rolling chair in his office, the subject of this sketch still displays the same untiring energy as when in health and strength, bidding fair yet to spend many busy years in his chosen profession. W. H. MAYER. W. H. Mayer was born in Chambersburg, Frank] in county. Pa., March 17th, 1833. His early education was received at the Chambersburg academy. In 1846 the Mayer family moved to Lock Haven. In 1848 the family returned to Chambersburg, and in 1850 W. H. Mayer secured a position as head salesman in a hardware establishment in Philadelphia. In 1854 he again came to Lock Haven. Soon after his arrival he, in com- pany with R. R. Bridgens, took a contract for building several miles of the Philadelphia & Erie railroad. In 1855, in company with Jacob Brown, he started a general store in the building now occupied by Barney Mar- shall as a bakery. In 1856 they moved to Mayer's block, opposite the Fallon house, and in 1857 Mr. Mayer purchased Jacob Brown's interest in the business, and continued in it alone until he was burned out, in 1862. In 1863 he enlisted in the 37th Pennsylvania Regiment as ser- geant major. In 1865 was appointed paymaster of the navy, which position he held at the time of the assassination of Lincoln. He resigned this position and returned to Lock Haven, where he remained until 1870, when he went to Chippewa Falls, Wis., where he dealt extensively in real estate and lumber until 1870, when he again returned to Lock Haven. In 1880 Mr. Mayer opened a furniture store on Water street, in the build- ing now occupied as a residence by W. W. Mitchell, but in 1884 pur- ehased the market house building, and moved his store to that buildin"- where it has remained ever since. 224 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. J. W. BRIDGENS. J. W. Bridgens was born September 28th, 1838, at Youngworaan's town, (now North Bend,) Clinton county. Pa. His father was Robert Bridgens, one of the first commissioners of Clinton county. J. W. Bridgens received his education in the common schools. He remained on his father's farm until October, 1863, when he came to Lock Haven, and went into the mercantile business as a partner of F. J. Tioxell. This partnership lasted for eight years. In 1868 the partnership was dis- solved, and the stock divided. Mr. Bridgens then started a store on Clinton avenue, where he remained for nearly five years. He then moved to his present room on Main street, where he hiis remained ever since. Mr. Bridgens is now serving his second term as school director from 1 he Third ward of Lock Haven. He is also one of the trustees of the Lock HaA'en Normal school. He is aWy assisted in the mercantile business by his son, James F. Bridgens. CHARLES KREAMER. Charles Kreamer was born near White Hall, Columbia county. Pa., May 26th, 1830. He spent his boyhood on his fatlier's farm. At the age of seventeen he left home and worked on the farm of a neighbor for two years. In 1849 he was employed by Bennett, Vanderbilt & Parsons in the construction of a dam across the North Branch of the Susquehanna at Towanda. From 1853 to 1857 he was employed by 0. P. Wilder and Fredericks, Mackey & Co., in their lumber operations. In 1857 he pur- chased the interest of Edward Mackey. From then until the present time he has been extensively engaged in the lumber business. Mr. Kreamer was married April 20th, 1857, to Vesta L. Eaton, daughter of George W. and Susan Eaton, of Woolrich, Me. Their children are Clara, Adda, Hattie, Frederick and George. JACOB BROWN. Jacob Brown, senior member of the mercantile firm of Jacob Brown & Son, is one of the oldest business men in the city of Lock Haven. He was born in Wurttemberg, Germany, March 30th, 1820. He left his native country in 1837, and came to America, locating at Trout Run, Lycoming county, Pa., where he was employed for one year. He then went to Ralston, where he also remained one year. In 1839 he went to Farrands- ville, Clinton county. Pa. In 1840 he came to Lock Haven, where he re- mained two years, working at his trade, which was that of a joiner. In 1842 he removed to Muncy Creek, Lycoming county. Pa., where he spent two years in farming and lumbering. In the spring of 1844 he went to Philadelphia, where he worked at his trade until 1847, when he returned to Lock Haven, and was taken into partnership by his brother, Ge'orge Brown, who was in the mercantile business. In 1852 the latter sold his interest to James Fearon. The firm name then became Jacob Brown & Company. At the end of the first year James Fearon died, and his E. W. BIGONY, Lock Haven, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 225 widow retained an interest in the business until she sold out to Mr. Brown, in 1856. Mr. Brown then sold W. H. Mayer a one-third interest in the business. The firm then became Brown & Mayer, and their place of busi- ness Water street, opposite the Fallon house. In the fall of 1857 Mr. Brown sold out his entire interest in the business to W. H. Mayer, and the following winter built himself a store room on Main street. In the spring of 1858 he started a geTieral store in his own name. In 18G9 he enlarged his stock of groceries, and from that time did not deal in any- thing but such goods as belonged to that depai tment. In 1874 he took his son, B. F. Brown, and Peter Berger into partnership, and the firm name again became Jacob Brown & Co. Peter Berger remained in the business but a short time, and upon his retiring, the firm name was changeil to Jacob Brown & Son, which name it still retains. Jacob Brown was married in May, 1848, to a Pliiladelphia lady. IIis children are Mi's. William Elliott, Mrs. Andrew Elliott, B. F. Brown and George W. Bi-own. The latter was for several years an assistant in the State bank of Lock Haven, and now is assistant cashier at the banking house of the Lock Haven Trust company. Another son, James, who was a civil en- gineer, died of typhoid fever in November, 1889. E. W. BIGONY. Eph. W. Bigony was born in Emety township, Berks county. Pa., March 9th, 1828. When he was six years of age his parents removed to near Pottstown, Montgomery county, where the younger members of the family i-eceived their education in the public schools. At the age of fourteen Mr. Bigony left home to work in the woolen mills of Marl- borough, Montgomery county. Here he spent seven years in learning the trade of carding and manufacturing woolen goods. In 1849 he secured a position in a dry goods store at Allentown, Pa., where he reraamed until 1853, when he went to Reading, Pa., where he engaged in the mer- cantile business until 1857. He then went to Troy, Pa., where he kept hotel for three years. Returning to Allentown, in 1860, he became a partner with John Y. Bachtle in the hotel business, having charge of the American hotel for two years. In 1862 he came to Lock Haven and took charge of the Fallon house, which he purchased from John Fallon, of Philadelphia, two years later. He sold the Fallon house, in December, 1867, to John Otenkirk, of Philadelphia, and went to Bellefonte, Pa., wheie he opened the celebrated Bush house. In 1872 he became a pail- ner of the late W. W. Rankin in the coal business; which partnership lasted until the Central State Normal school of Lock Haven was opened, in 1877, when he sold out his interest in the coal business, and assumed the stewardship of the school, which position he held until 1883. In the spring of 1884 Mr. Bigony went to Ronceverte, W. Va., where he opened the Hotel Dickson. He remained there but ten months, when he returned to Lock Haven, and engaged in the coal, flour and feed business, which he is now following. Mr. Bigony was married to Mary B. Kanouse, of 226 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Allentown, Pa., in 1853. His family consists of three sons and one daughter, viz.: A. J. Bigony, city engineer of Lock Haven; Charles S., clerk in the P. & E. railroad office at Sunbury; Ephriam K. and Annie E. Bigony, of this city. Politically Mr. Bigony js a Democrat. As a busi- ness man he ranks among the best in the city. E. L. MOORE. E. L. Moore was born in Porter township, Clinton county, Pa., March 4th, 1841. His father, Jacob Moore, settled in what is now Porter town- ship, previous to 1880. Mr. Moore worked on the farm until he reached his twenty-tirst year. In August, 18G2, he enlisted for the nine-months' service in Company E, 137th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. After serving his terra of enlistment he returned to Clinton county. In No- vember, 1863, he started a grocery store, in company with George Beck. Their store was located below the canal, on Main street. Lock Haven. After the flood of 1865 Beck sold his interest to John R. Moore. The store was then moved to its present location, on Bellefonte avenue, and the firm of Moore Bros, conducted the business until 1880, when E. L, Moore purchased the interests of his brother, and since then has con- ducted the business. E. L. Moore was married in 1864 to Mary E. Millikin, a daughter of 'Squire Joseph Millikin, of Clintondale. They have two children. JOSEPH CANDOR. Joseph Candor was born in Chillisquaque township, Northumberland county. Pa., February 22d, 1838. His early life was spent on his father's farm. He received his education in the public schools, which he at- tended during the winter months, until he reached his eighteenth year. He remained on the farm until 1864, when he entered the planing mill business, at East Lewisburg, Pa. He remained there until 1868, when he came to Lock Haven, and entered the hardware store owned by his brother, John Candor, Isaac Shaffer and Shaffer Johnson. He afterwards purchased the interests of Messi'S. Shaffer and Johnson, and, in partner- ship with his brother, conducied the business until 1883, when he pur- chased the interests of his brother, and since that time he has conducted the business himself. Mr. Candor was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Austin Curtin, of Roland, Centre county, Pa. They have five children. R. D. PECK. R. D. Peck was born at Bellefonte, July 18th, 1856. He attended the public schools of that town until fifteen years of age. He came to Lock Haven in 1871, and for a time was owner and pi'oprietor of the Opera House hotel and restaurant. In 1877 he became a partner of George Ronian, and the firm of Ronian & Peck continued to manage the Opera House hotel until 1882, when they sold out and took charge of the Cen- tral hotel, corner of Main and Grove streets. During the time he was at PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 227 the Central Mr. Peck was a member of the brokerage firm of Lowe & Peck, with office in the Fredericks block. In 1885 he started a livery stable in the alley back of the court house, where his business is still lo- cated, lie now keeps from twenty-five to thirty horses at all seasons of the year. His larj;e stable is fully equipped with cariiages, cabs, wagons, buggies, etc., and his horses are among finest kejjt for the purpose in the state. R. D. Ptck is one of the most prominent young business men in Lock Haven. From 1884 until 1887 he was a member of select council, and has served several terms as a member of common council, and is at pres- ent just starting on a term of three years as councilman. lie has also served his ward as school director, and made a good official in that ca- pacity. Mr. Peck was married, in 1882, to Miss Emma M. Walters, of Lock Haven. P. P. RITTMAN. P. P. Rittman was born at WilliaTnsport, Pa., in 1850, and came to Lock Haven when ten years of age. He attended the private school of Miss Bradford, on Bald Eagle street, and afterwards attended the old school house on Main street, and finished his school life at the old academy. After leaving school he learned the barber trade, and worked at the business for a number of years. In 1881 he stHrted in the house furnishing business on the corner of Grove and Church streets, and later established a loan office in connection with his other business In 1889 the building above mentioned became too small for his increasing trade, and he moved to his present location, on Bellefonte avenue and Mnin street, in what is called the Scott block, which he now occupies. The loan office is the only establishment of its kind in the city of Lock Haven. Money is loaned on goods at a percentage, and on any time the lender may desire; at the expiration of the allotted time the usual gi'ace is allowed, and if the goods are not then redeemed, they are sold at a low figure and at a great bargain to the buyer. Mr. Rittman was one of the managers of the Lock Haven Building and Loan association, and was twice elected school director from difl'erent wards. He owes his present position among business men to his own energy and perseverance. X. B. RINGLER. X. B. Ringler was born in Lock Haven, April 30th, 1861. He attended the public schools until he reached his seventeenth year, when he entered the jewelry and watch making store of J. M. Fabel, where he remained for eight years. In May, 1883, he took a trip to Europe, and spent a season in traveling through the principal cities of Prussia, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, spending the Fourth of July of 1883 in climbing the Alps mountains. On January 1st, 1884, he purchased the Deitz hotel, now called the First "Ward hotel. He remained there until January 1st, 1887, when he sold out and purchased the Opera House hotel and res- 228 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. taurant, which he conducted until September, 1888, when he purchased his present business from the estate of J. M. Fabel. Mr. Ringler is a staunch Democrat. In February, 1891, he was elected councilman from the Second ward. He is a prominent member of the Lock Haven lodge of F. & A. M., and also a slirine member of Lu. Lu. Temple of Phila- delphia. He was one of the organizers of the Benevolent and Protective Oi'der of Elks in Lock Haven, and is present treasurer of the oixler. FRANK McMAHON. Frank McMahon was born in Ireland in 1839; came to Lock Haven in 1867. In 1862 Mr. McMahon entered the Army of the Potomac, and served served through the entire war, spending nine months in Anderson prison. He went to the army from Wayne township, Clinton county. Pa., and when he received his discharge, in 1865, he returned to his home. When the P. & E. railroad came to Lock Haven he secured employment as a brakeman, which position he held for two years. He then went into the hotel business as a partner of La Payette Mosher. Two years later he started a grocery, and afterwards conducted a wholesale liquor store in connection with the grocery business. He lemained in the liquor busi- ness for about twenty years. He still conducts the grocery store on Clinton avenue. J. N. SLOAN. J. N. Sloan was born at Jersey Shore, Lycoming county. He was a' son of J. F. Sloan, who came to Lock Haven in 1839. He first located on Main street, where the tin shop of the late William Sloan now stands, and afterwards moved his building to the present site of Baker's store and tinware establishment. Here J. N. Sloan and his father carried on the furniture and undertaking business until they were burned out, in De- cember, 1862. They rebuilt and started again, only to meet with the same fate in 1868. They again rebuilt on Grove street. Here they did business until 1871, when J. F. Sloan died, and J. N. Sloan- succeeded him. J. N. Sloan began the undertaking business at the age of fifteen years, and has followed it ever since. During the time he has been in the business he has buried over 5,000 persons. His father and grandfather before him were undertakers. The latter resided for many years in Wil- liamsport. The first hearse used in Clinton county was built by J. F. Sloan. It was a rude vehicle at that time. He was the only person in Clinton county who followed undertaking as a business, and was often called upon to attend funerals in the most remote parts of the county. Times have changed since the days of the elder Sloans. J. N. Sloan now conveys the dead to their last resting place in a magnificent hearse. Dark and costly plumes wave over the head of the sleeper, and no one could wish a more magnificent coach. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 229 J. B. BRICKER. J. B. Bricker whs born at Newville, Cumberland county, in 1854. His father was Captain John Bricker, who came from Cumberland county, and settled in Lock Haven in 1877. He followed the business of under- taking previous to his coming, and for nearly ten years after his arrival in Lock Haven. J. B. Bricker took charge of his father's business in 1886, and has followed it ever since. In 1883 he started a livery, sale and exchange stable on a small scale, but his business constantly increased, and at present he owns one of the most complete and best equipped livery stables in Clinton county. He has combined the livery and undertaking business, and is prepared to attend to work in either line. He has made it a point to familiarize himself with all things connected wtih the burial of the dead, and as a funeral director has no superior. D. M. MAY. Ex-Sheriff D. M. May, now proprietor of the Harmonia hotel, was born in Erie county. Pa., in 1843. He went to Renovo in the fall of 18G4. In January, 1865, he came to Lock Haven, and took charge of the restaurant which was then located at the P & E. station, on Clinton avenue. In August, 1865, the said restaurant was moved to Renovo, and D. M. May continued as its manager until September, 1865, when he started in the market business, running two market cars between Erie and Renovo. In September, 1868, he entered the mercantile business at Renovo, and con- tinued in the business until the fall of 1872, when his store was burned. He then became a railroad contractor, and followed the business for two years. In 1874 he opened the European house, at Renovo, and continued as proprietor of the said place untiri884, when he was elected sheriff of Clinton county. In 1888 he became proprietor of tJie Keller hotel, on Grove street, where he remained until the winter of 1890, when he moved to his present place of business. D. M. May is married to Margaret Bridgens, a daughter af Robert Bridgens, and sister of J. Warren Bridg ens, of Lock Haven. They have five children living, two sons and three daughters. D. M. May was elected constable of Renovo in 1865, and held the position four years. He also served as chief burgess of the same place for one year, being elected in 1868. RENOVO. ABOUT the year 1825 William Baird left Jersey Shore, and with his canoe loaded with provisions and a few household goods pushed his way up the Susquehanna, and settled on the bank of the river, twenty-eight miles west of Lock Haven. He found there a rude dwelling that had been built several years before his arrival, and in it he made his home. A few years after this he married Margaret Stout, and the couple were soon surrounded by a family of sons and daughters, who, by their industry and perseverance on reaching manhood and womanhood, made the spot selected by their father a beautiful and fertile farm. They continued to cultivate the farm until the lumbering interests of the region became a source of profit. The young men then turned their attention to the new industry, and were amply rewarded for their labor. When the resources of the section became known to men of wealth, they decided to construct a railroad through the valley. With them to think was to act, and in 1847 several preliminary surveys were made, and ten years later the projected road from Sunbury to Erie was started, and in 1862 the whistle of the locomotive first awoke the echoes of the valley. The old inhabitants of the place hailed this event with joy, as all felt it was the opening of a new era of prosperity. They felt that it would enable them to obtain not only the comforts but the luxuries of life. The railroad was rapidly pushed on to Erie, and as trade and travel sought the convenience of this thoroughfare, substantial work shops became a neces- sity, and the P. & E. railroad company decided to locate their shops on the plateau upon which was the homestead farm of William Baird. At this juncture several influential capitalists organized the P. & E. land company. The said company then purchased the Baird farm, and conveyed all that part of it lying north of the railroad to the P. & E. cJOHN E. HOULAHflN, Chief Burgess of Renovo, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 23 1 railroad company, who at once set to work erecting their extensive shops for the accommodation of the growing in- terests of the road. The round house was the first building commenced. The foundation upon which it stands was laid in August, 1863. The work was carried on under the supervision of H. R. Campbell. Skillful and energetic mechanics and laborers were in great demand, and they came in scores from all parts of the country. The work did not stop until the machine shops, store-houses, offices, wood departments, etc., were completed. The buildings were all built of brick, many of which were made on the ground. About this time the railroad was completed to Erie, and the site upon which the town of Renovo now stands was made the eastern ter- minus of the middle division. J. J. Lawrence was the first superintendent. He resigned the position in 1865. A. M. Cleveland was the first trainmaster in Renovo, William H. Ginter, the first train dispatcher, and F. Petrekin, the first express and ticket agent. Harry Alford, as en- gineer, brought the first passenger train from the east, and W. L. Foster, as engineer, brought the first one from the west. He also ran the first engine into the round house. The railroad station was finished in the latter part of 1865, and the Renovo house erected in 1869, and attached to the station. The hotel and station both stand on ground set apart for the purpose by the land company when they laid out the town. The land belonging to the hotel includes the site upon which the old Baird dwelling stood. In 1864 Major G. J. Ball, an enterprising member of the P. & E. land company, was made agent for the said com- pany. He offered lots for sale upon such easy terms that they sold readily, and the town was built up rapidly. For a time almost every house in the place was a boarding house. The U. S. hotel, which was the first built of its kind in the town, was erected by Jacob Von Ulrich in 1865. This was for a time the popular resort of the shop employes and the railroad men. 232 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Through the efforts of Rev. Kendall, a Presbyterian min- ister, a chapel was erected and dedicated to God and the public schools. This structure was for a time occupied in common by the different religious denominations, but it soon became too small. Rev. J. B. Mann about this time succeeded in securing the erection of a Methodist chapel on Seventh street. These buildings were used until 1867, when both congregations were able to build more commodious structures. Miss Brown taught the first public school in Renovo, Miss M. A. Heverly the second. Both were excellent teachers. In the spring of 1865 the railroad company erected a row of double houses on Sixth street, which accommodated twelve families. At the close of 1865 there were not a dozen dwellings east of Sixth street. In 1866 the railroad company erected a number of dwellings, principally for the officers and foreman of the company, near the still waters of "Swampoodle." From this period the rapid growth of Renovo commenced, property increased in value, and soon the fields around the town were dotted with houses, and the streets filled with an industrious, energetic and pros- perous population, numbering in 1870 over 2,000. In 1879 the population had increased to nearly 3,000. In the spring of 1866 the place was incorporated as a borough, and the first election under the charter held. The officers elected at that time were: Captain J. S. Hall, chief burgess; Jacob Givler, Patrick Shelley, J. Y. Rothrock, W. H. May and Peter Quinn, councilmen; William Hartzig and D. M. May, con.stables; W. P. Baird and John Reilley, justices of the peace; P. C. Moyer, James Murphy, J. S. Hall, W. P. Baird, Joseph Whitby and M. Forbes, school directors; Dr. Reynolds and R. Walthall, overseers of the poor; Joseph Whitby, judge of election; J. D. Glenn and A. Shenefelt, inspectors; J. R. Kendig, auditor. Under the above council the principal streets and avenues were graded, and board walks laid. The first meeting of the council was held June ist, 1866. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 233 The first brick building in town was erected by Captain Edward T. Swain, for a drug store and dwelling, which is still occupied by him. Not until the beginning of 1872 did others use brick. In that year Messrs. Murphy & Co. erected two handsome brick business houses on Erie ave- nue, near the corner of Fourth street. Then followed dur- ing the same year the building of the Selle brick block, P. O'Hagan's brick store, the Binder hotel, the National bank building, besides a number of handsome brick dwellings. The first brick pavement in the town was laid in 1870 by Nathan Sterner. The first dealers in merchandise in Renovo were Messrs. Lowe & Munday, who began business in 1863. They sold out to Messrs. Wells & Baird. The room used by them was built on the river bank in 1863, and afterwards moved to Erie avenue. In its basement ex-Sheriff D. M. May, kept a grocery and variety store, and the upper story was used as the office of the Renovo Record at the same time. In 1864 the firm of Wells & Baird changed into Wells, Murphy & Co., and afterwards to James Murphy, and the business of J. B. Given & Son was the next one started. It was started in 1865. The Renovo industrial co-operative association. No. i, was started January ist, 1872, under a charter received May, 1 87 1. For 1 87 1 there were, besides the above named stores, six groceries and confectioneries, six dry goods stores, and six millinery and dressmaking establishments, one tobacco store, two drug stores, three merchant tailoring establish- ments, two bakeries, two meat markets, one stove and tin- ware store, one furniture store, one bank, one newspaper office, and a large library and a reading room. There was also a town hall, an Odd Fellows' hall, a Masonic hall, a building and loan association, a cornet band, six graded schools, nine secret societies, three physicians, one lawyer, and history tells us but one able-bodied loafer. 16 234 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. On the spot where once stood the rude cabin of William Baird, we now find a rich and prosperous town, where once the echo of the savage war whoop was heard, and where the Indian warrior sped his light canoe on the placid waters of the Susquehanna, we now find naught but the peaceful hum of industry. The Indian warrior has gone, in obedience to the laws of civilization, and on the extreme western con- fines of his own native land he is making a feeble stand for the remnant of his heritage. In 1878 the borough was divided into two wards, called the First and Second wards. On May i6th, 1887, the borough, by a decree of the court, was divided into three wards, called the West, Mid- dle and East wards. Under this decree each ward was en- titled to two councilmen. On January 8th, 1889, the court decreed that the borough should have nine councilmen, three for each ward, and the number was increased at the election which followed in November. CHIEFS OF POLICE. The first chief of police of Renovo was George W. Vernes, who was appointed to that position by Chief Bur- gess Benjamin F. Rumberger, on February 9th, 1883. Previous to that time the principal peace officer was the high constable. Mr. Vernes served until December 31st, 1887, upon which date he resigned. Philip Paul was appointed chief of police by Burgess James H. Ferguson, March 5th, 1888, and he served until March 12th, 1889, when he was shot by Charles Cleary. John M. Wilson was appointed May 27th, 1889, and served for one month. He was reappointed by the burgess June 24th, but failed of confirmation before council. Thomas H. Kane was appointed August ist, 1889, and served until February ist, 1890. William Lynn was sworn in May 1st, 1890, and served to May 3d, i8c)0. Resigned. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 235 Emery Power was sworn in June 6th, 1890, and served until August 3d, 1890. Resigned. Lee Berry was appointed September 22d, 1890, and still occupies the position. CHIEF BURGESSES OF RENOVO. Chief burgesses of Renovo, when elected and length of time served is given below: James S. Hall, elected at first borough election, May 26th, 1866; served to March 2d, 1867. Owen Rayser, from March 2d, 1867. Resigned (in Oc- tober,) 1867. William H. May, elected burgess at a special election held in November, 1867. William Barkla, served from March 7th, 1868. T. L. Chapman, term began March 6th, 1869. Dennis M. May, term began March, 1870. A. S. Crawford, term began March, 1872. Resigned October 7th, 1873. Matthew Dean, a member of council, elected by council to succeed Mr. Crawford, October 14th, 1873, under pro- visions of Indiana-Brookville Act, extended to Renovo borough in 1872. (Term of burgess made three years by above act). Frank Harvey, term began February 28th, 1874, served to April 2d, 1877. George W. Fessler, served from April 2d, 1877, to April 5th, 1880. Henry K. Stout, served from April 5th, 1880, to April 27th, 1882, when he resigned. Benjamin F. Rumberger, appointed by court to serve out unexpired term of Mr. Stout. James H. Ferguson, served from April 2d, 1883; re- elected, and second term began April 5 th ,1886; re-elected for term commencing March, 1889. Resigned March 20th, 1891. B. J. Smyth, a member of council, elected burgess by council for unexpired term; served to March 7th, 1892. 236 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. John E. Houlahan, term of three years, began March 7th, 1892. The members of the council which organized in March, 1892, are as follows: President, R. N. Martin; clerk, P. A. Kinsley; E. T. Swain, C. H. Potts, T. J. Callahan, W. E. Gilliland, R. N. Martin, Miles Irvin, E. P. Bowling, L. P. Garry and C. S. Mclnerney. Other borough officers are as follows: Chief burgess, J, E. Houlahan; treasurer, John Smith, Esq.; overseer of the poor, J. F. Good; high constable, R. A. Reid; constables — West ward, Lee Berry; Middle ward, Ira C. Hall; East ward, John M. Wilson; chief of police, Lee Berry; justices of the peace, John Smith and A. F. Neylon; commissioner, George Burgers. RENOVO POST-OFFICE. The office at Renovo was finst called Drury's Run, and was established August 8th, 185 1, and Michael Stout was appointed postmaster. He held the office until August 17th, 1863, when the name was changed to Renovo, and Zebulon M. P. Baird was appointed postmaster. He held the office until November 21st, 1865. His successors were appointed and served as follows : Newton Wells, from November 21st, 1865, to March i ith, 1868. Anthony Dwyer, from March nth, 1868, to March 29th, 1869. Newton Wells, from March 29th, 1869, to November loth, 1885. F. Harvey, from November loth, 1885, to April 29th, 1890. W. Kipp Chesnutt was appointed April 29th, 1890, and is the present incumbent. Statement showing the gross receipts for the different periods, and which gives a general idea of the business of the offices : HON. W. KIPP CHESNUTT, Renovo, Pa. Gross Receipts. Compensation of Postmasters. $ 17.86 $ 7.26 32.47 15. II • 131-14 60.24 1,674.99 74500 3,230.46 1,300.00 4,204.15 1,500.00 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 237 Yeai-s. 1857. - - - - i86o, ----- 1863, - - - - 1870, ----- 1880, - - - - 1889, - - - - . FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The First Presbyterian church of Renovo is the outcome of missionary work done by the Presbytery of Northumber- land. The first Presbyterian missionary to visit these re- gions, as far as we know, was the Rev. James Thompson, who, in 1818, traveled up as far as Bennett's branch of the Sinnemahoning. Some years later he was followed by Rev. Daniel Barber, who for several years resided at North Bend (now so named), and built there a log church, which was also used as a school house. Rev. Phineas Marr and Rev. John H. Grier also preached at various stations along the river, but probably Rev. James D. Reardon was the pioneer laborer in Renovo. His Sunday afternoon services in the round house are still remembered. He was followed by Rev. Isaac W. Rendall, now president of Lincoln uni- versity, who divided his time between North Bend, Renovo and Emporium. During his time was erected a temporary board tent, used for preaching services and Sunday school, and in this building was organized, December 19th, 1865, the present church, with one elder and eleven members. To the next laborer, Rev. Samuel S. Sturgess, the church is indebted for its present place of worship — a neat brick building, with sittings for 350 persons, situated on the cor- ner of Sixth street and Huron avenue, which was dedicated April 3d, 1869. The following ministers have served the church since: Revs. William Life, Alven C. Campbell, Thaddeus McRea, who was the first regularly installed pas- tor, Samuel H. Reid, Robert M. Stevenson and John D. Cook, the present pastor, who began his labors here in 238 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. June, 1879. The church is in a prosperous condition, hav- ing a membership of 260, and a Sunday school with a few over 300 on the roll. Rev. John D. Cook, the present pastor of the First Pres- byterian church of Renovo, was born at Danville, Pa., Sep. tember 12th, 1848. He attended the public schools of the city for a time, and later attended Danville institute for six years ; after which he secured employment in a rolling mill, where he worked until he secured enough money to take a course in telegraphy and book-keeping at Iron City college, Pittsburg, Pa. After this time he was employed for a sea- son in a store in Providence, now part of the city of Scran- ton. From February ist, 1868, until September, 1870, he was employed as book-keeper, but upon the last named date he entered Princeton college, graduating from that institution in 1874. After his graduation he returned to Danville, where he had charge of the First ward grammar school for five years. During the time he was engaged in teaching he was also employed in evangelistic labor in the country districts around Danville. In 1878 he was ap- pointed county superintendent of Montour county, Pa., by State Superintendent Wickersham to fill out the unexpired term of W. A. Henry, who had died. Previous to his com- ing to Renovo, in 1879, ^^ spent four months traveling in Europe. Mr. Cook was married in 1875 to Fannie R. Rishell, of Danville, Pa. During the twelve years he has been in Renovo he has made many friends. ZION's evangelical LUTHERAN CHURCH. Under the supervision of Rev. John Sander steps were taken in the spring of 1881 towards the organization of a Lutheran church in Renovo. During the summer regular services were held by Mr. Charles S. Seaman, at that time a student in the Lutheran theological seminary, in Phila- delphia. On July lOth, 1881, a permanent congregation was organized with a membership of about sixty. The fol- lowing were elected the first council of the congregation: John Fox, Sr., George Anderson, Lorane Hedstrom, Joseph PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 239 R. Koehler, N. M. Eisenhour, Charles Johnson, John Soden- berg and Gust Melquist. From September, 1881, to June, 1882, the congregation was supplied with preaching at irreg- ular intervals by Rev. J .Sander, Mr. C. S. Seaman and neighboring Lutheran pastors. In the fall of 1881 a call to become pastor of the congregation was extended to Mr. C. S. Seaman, who, upon his graduation from the theolog- ical seminary and ordination to the gospel ministry, ac- cepted the call and entered upon his duties as pastor of the charge on June 23d, 1882, A constitution was adopted and the congregation duly incorporated. In November, 1883, the site for a church, on the corner of Huron avenue and Eleventh street, was purchased, and a modest but commodious little church built and duly dedicated. Rev. C. S. Seaman was married shortly after entering the active work of the ministry. He resigned the pastorate in Renovo to accept a call to the Adamsburg, Westmoreland county, charge in December, 1886. A call was thereupon extended by the Renovo congregation to Rev. L. M. C. Weicksel, who accepted, and began his pastoral labors in the charge February 20th, 1887. The congregation began a vigorous campaign against a heavy debt resting on it, and had it well nigh disposed of when the flood of June ist, 1889, seriously damaged the church property, and severely tried the metal of the con- gregation. But it seemed only to stimulate and quicken the devotion and activity of the members, and they very soon had the remainder of the debt disposed of, and the church property repaired and improved. In November, 1889, about twenty-five of the Swedish members withdrew in order to unite with a Swedish Luth- eran congregation which was being organized in Renovo In the fall and early winter of 1890 a commodious par- sonage was built on the church lot adjoining the church. It was formally dedicated to its specified purpose February 240 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 24th, 1 89 1, by Rev. D. M. Kemerer, mission superintendent of the Pittsburg synod, to which synod the congregation belongs. At this writing, July, 1892, the congregation is in a vig- orous and flourishing condition; having an active, wide- awake membership of iio, a Sunday school of 140, and an active and successful Ladies' Working association. The congregation has reached its present state of development as a mission of the Pittsburg synod of the Evangelical Lutheran church, but will soon become an independent charge. Rev. L. M. C. Weicksel, present pastor of Zion Evangel- ical Lutheran church, Renovo, was born near Franklin, Venango county, Pa., April 30, 1853. His father was Rev. Henry Weicksel, also a Lutheran minister. The family moved to Wilmington, Del., in 1864, where they remained for three years. In 1867 the subject of this sketch entered Thiel hall, at Water Cure, Beaver county, Pa., where he took an academic course of two years. In 1869 he entered the Freshman class of Muhlenberg college, at AUentown, Pa., and graduated from there in 1873. He next entered the Lutheran theological school of Philadelphia, graduating from there in 1876. He then went to Goshen, Ind., where he held the pastorate of a congregation for six years. Then to San Francisco, where he was engaged in mission work until 1885, when he came East, and after being without a charge for two years he accepted the pastorate of the Renovo church in February, 1887. During the time that Rev. Weicksel has had charge of the Renovo church the congregation under his care has greatly flourished, and much good has been done. Rev. Weicksel was married at Goshen, Ind., July 17, 1890, to Miss Annie Butler, of that place. He at present resides in the neat and cozy parson- age on Huron avenue. SWEDISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church was organized November 20th, 1889, in the G. A. R. hall, Renovo, Clin- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 24 1 ton county, Pa., by Rev. P. A. Bergquist and Rev. M. A. Nordstrom, of Wilcox, Pa. Rev. P. A. Bergquist was elected chairman and Nils Ohsander, secretary. A consti- tution, recommended by the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augustance synod of North America, was read and adopted as the constitution of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran St. John's church of Renovo. The said church is incorporated under the laws of the state of Pennsylvania. The church started with lOO communicants, and was the first church started by the denomination in Clinton county. This con- gregation as yet have no church structure of their own, but expect to build one in a short time, having purchased for the purpose two valuable lots on the corner of Eighth street and Ontario avenue. The present officers of the church are as follows: Rev. A. P. Sater, ex-officio ; M. E. Person, secretary ; Ola John- son, treasurer. Deacons, C. J. Sellberg, secretary ; C. M. Person, M. Anderson, Ola J. Goramson, P. W. Carlson, Os- car Hallberg. Trustees, Ola Johnson, Nils Anderson, Alek Ostlund, Chr. J. Asklund, secretary; C. M.Swenson, August Sellberg, Kristoffer Kjellberg. Rev. A. P. Sater, present pastor of the Swedish Lutheran church of Renovo, was born in Sweden, January 4th, 1855. He received the foundation of his education in the land of his birth. When 18 years of age he landed at New York, and went from there to St. Peter, Minn., where he entered the Gustavus Adolphus college. After graduating from that institution he entered Augustina college and theolog- ical seminary at Rock Island, 111., where he received his ministerial preparation, and was ordained at Rockford, 111., June 26th, 1885. He then returned to Minnesota and took charge of a congregation at a place in Murray county, that state, where he remained until 1889, when he moved to Mayville, N. Y. He was located there for eighteen months, and came from there to Renovo in August, 1890. Besides the Renovo church he had a congregation in Williams- port, and four mission stations, one in Clinton and three in Lycoming county. 242 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. TRINITY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This church was established in Renovo by Rev. J. H. Black, of WiUiamsport, May 22d, 1875. The congregation started with six members, named as follows: Forsythe Petrikin, P. W. Flower, David P. Scott, Harriet Richardson, Kate S. Washburn and Elizabeth McGill. Services were held for a time in Odd Fellows' hall, and just previous to the erection of the church they were held in Sullivan's opera house. The present church structure, located on Third street, was completed in January, 1881. The church was consecrated to the service of Almighty God on Novem- ber 22d, 1881, by the Rev. Bishop Howe. Many other dis- tinguished ministers of the Episcopal faith were present, and also the famous choir from the St. James church, of Philadelphia. The church is a mission of the Central Penn- sylvania division. The church property is valued at ^5,000. Rev. J. H. Black continued to serve as rector until May 8th, 1887, when he severed his connection with the church, after a successful pastorate of twelve years. Rev. Black was succeeded as rector by Rev. K. L. Nelson, of Alexandria, Va., who came in October, 1887, and re- mained until September, 1888, when he was compelled to resign on account of ill-health. He was offered six months* leave of absence, but thought it wiser to resign. Rev. Jeremiah Cooper was the next rector of the parish. He remained until Easter Sunday. 1891, when he resigned to accept a call elsewhere. During the vacancy, which oc- curred in the summer of 1887, the services were read by Mr. Charles Richardson, who was licensed lay rector. Mr. Richardson, after a long and faithful service as a member of the church, died May 5th, 1890. Soon after the organ- ization of the church, a Sunday school was established, which has been maintained with gratifying results up to the present time. R. W. Flower has served as superintendent of the school from its organization. When Rev. Black left, there was no one in authority, and at the suggestion of Rev- Foster Ely, D. D., who visited the church at that time, a R. m. GLENN, Renovo. Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 243 mission was organized. The executive committee appointed was composed of the following named gentlemen : Messrs. Richardson, Roberts and Gardner. EARLY METHODISM. Early Methodism on the West Branch of the Susque- hanna river, and its tributaries above Lock Haven, dates from 1831. It is known from positive evidence that the Genesee conference erected Sinnemahoning circuit, and at- tached it to the Cataraugus district in 1832. Benjamin Preston was the first preacher or missionary sent into this district. He remained and preached during 1832 and 1833 ! Rev. Jennings and Heylick in 1S33 and 1834; John Dem- ing, Lorenzo Whipple and Matthew Hanna in 1835. Mr. Hanna only filled his appointments for a short time. There is one very positive character in this connection, whose walk and conversation has been a "tower of strength" to early Methodism. I refer to Samuel Kelly, familiarly known as "Pappy" Kelly, who then resided on Kettle creek, near Hammersly's Forks. Sinnemahoning was a six weeks' circuit, and the three ministers made it a point to hold services on Kettle creek every two weeks. On one occasion an appointment was made for preaching and the people gathered from far and near, but no minister came, and so it went for five weeks. Then the minister came, but no congregation. Rev. Whipple appointed preaching for another date, and among the number present was Samuel Kelly, who was lead thither by his good wife Nancy. This time the preacher was not on hand. Mr. Kelly vowed he would never again be fooled by a Methodist preacher. He started for the house of a neighbor, and on his way met Mr. Deeming, the minister, who inquired as to the place of meeting. Mr. Kelly was pleased with the man- ner of the preacher, and accepted an invitation to return with him. He listened with delight to the sermon. So great was the impression made upon him that he yielded to the entreaties of his friends, and was baptized. Eight weeks 244 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. after his baptism llev. Lorenzo Whipple held services in the same place, but Samuel Kelly was not among the number present at the meeting— he had remained at home. A young lady named Rachel Summerson was sent for the truant, and persuaded him to return with her to the place of meeting, which he did. On this occasion he was converted and made a class leader. A time and place for prayer meet- ing was appointed, and Mr. Kelly started to the spot, armed with a written prayer. Many of his old associates had come to the place to hear what their companion had to say. Mr. Kelly read the scriptures and offered prayer; not the written one, however, but one the Lord taught him. He was truly inspired; somuchso,thatthosewho came out of curios- ity and mischievous purposes were so awed into submission, that the people^of God, and especially Samuel Kelly, were left unmolested thence and ever afterward, and God's cause prospered. The first class consisted of the following persons: Samuel Kelly, leader; Mrs. Nancy Kelly, Daniel Dougherty and wife, Mrs. Catharine Vincent, Josias Vincent, Samuel Vincent, Mrs. Margaret Kelly, Mrs. Summerson and Richard Ricard. In 1838 the Rev. Babcock was preaching at the house of Isaac Summerson, on Kettle creek. Suddenly a deep interest was manifested by the baying of hounds in the distance. The sturdy hunters of that region became very restless as the noise indicated the direction of the chase, which was approaching the place of meeting. The interest in the sermon was transferred to the music of the dogs. When everybody's feelings were strung to the utmost ten- sion, a handsome deer passed the house with the hounds in close pursuit. In an in.stant the house was emptied, includ- ing the preacher. The deer was soon dispatched, and after it had been strung up the Rev. Babcock, who had followed the procession, and who was an intensely interested specta- tor, suggested that they return to the house and finish the services. This was done. This was the second deer that had disturbed their meetings with the same result. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 245 Pappy Kelly, as everybody calls him, has remained a faithful follower of his Savior ever since — a period of fifty- seven years. He has never been freed from the responsible position of class leader during all this time. He has held the positions of trustee, steward and exhorter. He is now 81 years old. In health he is feeble; in faith he is strong. He is patiently waiting his Master's call to his heavenly home. In 1838 the Rev. William Gaire was sent to this circuit to take into consideration the feasibility of transfer- ring Sinnemahoning circuit from the Genesee to the Balti- more conference. The transfer was made and this people have remained under their jurisdiction ever since. BALTIMORE CONFERENCE APPOINTMENTS. ^§39 — John Miller, presiding elder; Thomas Taneyhill, George Bergstresser. 1840 — John Miller, presiding elder; William Butler, S. V. Blake. 1841 — George Hildt, presiding elder; William Butler, Elisha D. Owen. 1842— George Hildt, presiding elder; Francis M. Mills, W. T. D. Clemm. 1843— George Hildt, presiding elder; F. M. Mills, Eph- raim McCollom. 1844— George Hildt, presiding elder; W. R. Mills, John W. Elliott. 1845 — Samuel Bryson, presiding elder; P. B. Reese, John Stine. 1846 — Samuel Bryson, presiding elder; John Stine. 1847 — Samuel Bryson, presiding elder; J. W. Haugh- awaut. 1848 — Samuel Bryson, presiding elder; J. W. Haugh- awaut. 1849 — John A. Gere, presiding elder; I. H. Torrence. 1850 — John A. Gere, presiding elder; I. H. Torrence, A. T. Ewinsr. 246 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1 85 1 — John A. Gere, presiding elder; Joseph G. Mc- Keehan, H. W. Bellman. 1852 — John A. Gere, presiding elder; Joseph G. Mc- Keehan, A. G. Murlatt. 1853 — Thomas B. Sargent, presiding elder; J. J. Pearce, W. C. Gault. 1854 — John Poisal, presiding elder; Justice A. Melick. 1855 — John Poisal, presiding elder; Justice A. Melick, T. A. Gotwalt. 1856 EAST BALTIMORE CONFERENCE APPOINTMENTS. 1857 — C. B. Tippelt, presiding elder; A. Hartman, J. H. McCord. 1858 — James Sanks, presiding elder ; A. Hartman, S. Mc- Williams. 1859 — James Sanks, presiding elder; A. R. Reilley, J. P. Cole. i860 — James Sanks, presiding elder; B. P. King, H. M. Ash. 1861 — James Sanks, presiding elder; B. P. King, George Leidy, 1862 — Thomas J. Reese, presiding elder; J. Y. Roth- rock. 1863 — Thomas J. Reese, presiding elder; Joseph Y- Rothrock. 1864 — Thomas J. Reese, presiding elder; John B. Mann. 1865— -W. Lee Spottswood, presiding elder; John B. Mann. During this year, 1865, the Rev. J. B. Mann conceived the idea of building a chapel for Renovo. His foresight saw a busy town in the near future. He desired to prepare for the people who were locating here. Through his in- dividual efforts a frame building 24x30 feet was erected on Fifth street, between P>ie and Huron avenues, which proved to be a great convenience for early Methodism in Renovo, for previous to the completion of this building the people PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 247 were compelled to worship at Drury's Run school house. This new house of worship contained neilher plaster nor paint. Many of our people coming in were from larger towns and cities, they were accustomed to first-class ac- commodations. The shanty on Fifth street, known as "Mann's Tabernacle," was usually filled to overflowing, but they yielded gracefully to circumstances. Many a glorious meeting was held here. 1866 — W. Lee Spottswood, presiding elder; George W. Van Fossen. 1867 — W. Lee Spottswood, presiding elder; George W- Van Fossen. In 1866 a new church enterprise was instituted for Renovo. The following gentlemen were appointed a build- ing committee: Rev. G. W. Van Fossen, Dr. J. P. Ashcom, Captain James S. Hall, Newton Wells and Edwin A. Beck. Plans and specifications were procured for a handsome two- story church, 60x100 feet, which would have been an honor to the building committee, and an ornament to our mountain city. The majority, however, were in favor of a smaller and cheaper structure; hence they curtailed the plans and reduced the size of the church from its original dimensions, 60x100 feet, to 45x70 feet. This change was made after the foundation walls had been built as per orig- inal specifications. This was a bad day for Renovo Meth- odism. The structure looked more like an old Pennsylvania barn than a place of worship, but it was used as a place of worship for about fifteen years. Its usefulness soon de- parted ; its seating capacity being only 200 closely packed, soon failed to accommpnate the increasing demands for more room. 1868 — W. Lee Spottswood, presiding elder; Martin L. Dunn. 1869 — Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder; A. M. Kester. At the last quarterly conference of the ministerial years of 1869 and 1870, a resolution was presented to the official board requesting that Renovo be made a station. The ques- 248 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. tion of Renovo's ability to sustain herself as a station was very much doubted. Notwithstanding the doubts and mis- givings of the faint-hearted and credulous, a vote was taken on the question, which was carried by a majority of one vote. RENOVO STATION CONFERENCE. 1870 — James Curns, presiding elder; A. M. Kester. 1 87 1 to 1874 — James Curns, presiding elder; A. M. Creighton. 1874 to 1876 — Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder; George Warren. 1876 to 1879 — John J. Pearce, presiding elder; James Hunter. 1879 to 1880 — John J. Pearce, presiding elder; B. P. King. 1 88 1 to 1882 — Ezra H. Yocum, presiding elder; B. P. King. 1882 to 1885 — Ezra H. Yocum, presiding elder; W- A. Stevens. 1885 to 1887 — W. A. Stevens, presiding elder; W. C. Robbins. 1888 to 1890 — W. A. Stevens, presiding elder; J. Patton Moore. 1891 to 1892 — Milton K. Foster, presiding elder; Findley B. Riddle. During the pastorate of the Rev. George Warren, he or- ganized a Ladies' Aid society as a financial auxilliary to the church. The organization took place April 9th, 1875, and has continued in successful operation ever since. Its first officers were: Mrs. E. A. Beck, president, Mrs. J. P. Ashcom, vice president ; Miss Nannie J. Warren, secretary ; Mrs. Hiram McDonald, treasurer. Much good has been accomplished by this organization. It has aided the church financially. In the early days of Renovo Methodism it assisted the trustees out of many a difficulty, where funds were wanted for immediate use. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 249 Their dues were but ten cents a month, and yet this com- paratively meagre saving, together with the efforts of the Christian women of the church in festivals, etc., brought into the treasury the handsome sum of ^4,175. Among the women of the church who contributed largely to this grat- ifying result with both money and labor, and who deserve to be mentioned in this connection, are: Mrs. E. A. Beck, Mrs. W. H. Nicholas, Mrs. George W. Sapp, Mrs. James C Dean, Mrs. James S. Hall, Mrs. Thomas Hawksworth, Miss Paulina Watson, Mrs. A. W. Cheesman, Mrs. J. W. Venatta, Mrs. R. M. Glenn, Mrs. B. A. Leisher, Mrs. R. M. Messimer, Mrs. George VV. Corwin and others. The present officers of the society are as follows : Mrs. James S. Hall, president; Mrs. W. H. Nicholas, vice pres- ident; Mrs. J. A. Poorman, secretary; Miss Kate Zimmer- man, treasurer. The society is in a very flourishing condition at present. It has instituted a sinking fund into which all surplus funds are deposited, for the purpose of liquidating any debts that have accrued or may accrue to the church. They have also established what is known as the Sinking Fund Sewing circle, as an auxilliary to the Ladies' Aid society. This depart- ment is doing a noble work. Its officers are: Mrs. Miles Irvin, president; Mrs. Joseph Whitby, vice president; Mrs. P. C. Moyer, secretary. During the pastorate of B. P. King, a commodious brick parsonage was erected. This occurred in the summer of 1879. It is now one of the best homes for the preachers in the Central Pennsylvania conference. It is convenient and comfortable. It is supplied with steam heat and electric light. The furniture of the parsonage is excellent, and in fact in all its appointments it is first-class. In 1882 the main body of the church was remodeled ; it was enlarged and reseated, a tower erected, and the general condition and appearance of the church has been very greatly improved and beautified. This was done at a cost of $8,195.30. 17 250 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The value of church property to-day is, - - ^14,500.00 The value of parsonage property to-day is, - 3,000.00 Total value, ----- -$17,500.00 The present trustees are: A. Kupp, president; P. C. Moyer, secretary; John O. Crites, treasurer; Peter F. Buck, Joseph Whitby, B. A. Leisher, John Green, J. J. Boyer and E. P. Thurston. Rev. Findley B. Riddle, the present pastor of the M. E. church at Renovo, was born near Howard, Centre county, Pa., December 31st, 1829. His early education was re- ceived in the public schools. He also attended Dickinson college, at Carlisle, Pa., and the Biblical institute of Concord, N. H. He entered the Baltimore conference of the Meth- odist Episcopal church in 1857, and at the division of that conference fell with the East Baltimore conference in 1869. Upon the organization of the Central Pennsylvania con- ference, he became one of its members by being on a charge within its bounds. He has, during his ministerial career of over thirty-four years, served the church at Shamokin three times, and the St. Paul's, of Danville, twice. He has also served the First Street Methodist church of Altoona, the Berwick, Huntingdon, Tyrone, Lewisburg, Bloomsburg, and his present charge at Renovo. In 1879 and 1880 he was a delegate to general conference. Mr. Riddle has filled good appointments, and had a very successful ministerial career. ST. Joseph's catholic church. Catholic services were held in Renovo from the very start of the town. At first these services were held in temporary buildings, but later a handsome chapel and a fine parochial residence was built. Father Igo took charge of the parish in 1878, and rapidly built up a large congrega- tion. A flourishing parochial school has been held in the town for a number of years. A lot was purchased on the corner of Huron avenue and Ninth street, upon which a eommodious and handsome church structure is now being PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 25 I erected. The following item, clipped from the Rcnovo Record of Au^^ust 19th, 1892, speaks as follows concerning the laying of the corner stone of the new church: Sunday was a day of unusual interest to the Catholic people of this place. As per arrangement it was the occa- sion for laying the corner stone of the new St. Joseph's Catholic church, located on the corner of Huron avenue and Ninth street. There were a great many strangers here from Lock Haven, Williamsport, Driftwood, Emporium, St. Marys and other points along the line of the P. & E. railroad to witness the ceremonies. A special train, consisting of eleven cars, and containing upwards of 350 people, arrived here at 12:10 p. m. At 1:30 p. m., a procession, composed of the different Catholic societies in town, was formed as follows: Chief marshal, Frank Harvey; Michael A. Toland, bearer of the American flag; James McNamara. bearer of the Irish flag; first division marshals, D. J. Connor and David Russell; Marks' Military band; 106 school girls dressed in white; seventy -six school boys in charge of P. H. Mulvi- hill and A. J. Rooney; St. Joseph's Temperance society, sixty-five members in regalia; second division marshals, John W. Russell, Joseph Lynch, Jr.; Citizens' Cornet band; F. M. C. T. A. society, sixty members wearing white badges, Michael Cleary, captain ; Patrick Nevens, bearer of society's banner; members of St. Joseph's Catholic church, and carriages containing citizens. The procession paraded the principal streets of the town, and then marched to the new church, where it was received by Right Rev. Bishop McGovern, of Harrisburg, and his assistants. Rev. Fathers Gormleyand McCarthy, of Renovo, Maher, of Ridgway, Burke and Christ, of Lock Haven. Adams, of P^mporium, Benton, of Steelton, and Messrs. Roken, of Philadelphia, and W. ¥. Dwyer. The ceremonies of laying the corner stone were imme- diately begun by the bishop, by reading appropriate prayers 252 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. for such occasions. The cross in the centre of the main altar was blessed, followed by the choir singing a fine selec- tion. The bishop then proceeded to spread the mortar and lay the corner stone. At the conclusion, the stone was blessed, and the bishop, accompanied by the priests, pro- ceeded around the foundation and offered up their blessings. A tin box was placed in the corner stone containing, says the News, the names of the reigning pontiff, Leo XIII; also the names of the archbishop, right reverend bishop of the diocese, the pastor and assistant pastor of St. Joseph's church, and the attending priests, president of the United States, governor of Pennsylvania, the chief burgess of Renovo, principal officials of the United States, and also members of the congregation who have paid their assess- ments for the church in full to this date, principal coins of the United States for 1892, medals, copies of the Renovo newspapers, and papers of the county and state of. last week. This was followed by eloquent addresses by Rev. Father Burke, of Lock Haven, and Bishop McGovern, upon the progress of the Catholic church and her institutions in America. The congregation at this place was congratulated for the steps which had been taken to erect a new church, one which would ever be a monument of their thrift, in- dustry and Catholicity. St. Joseph's church choir furnished the music; Mr. J. D. Ubil, director ; Professor Charles Hagan, organist. The music was of a high character and finely rendered. During the morning service 150 children presented them- selves for confirmation. Note — We endeavored to secure a complete history of St. Joseph's Catholic church, but owing to various causes were unsuccessful. RENOVO PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of Renovo were established in 1S64. At that time there was but one small school house in what is now the town of Renovo, and the schools were held in PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 253 temporary places. The first building erected for school purposes in the town was built in 1868. It was a two-story brick building-, on the corner of Ontario avenue and Seventh street. This building contained four rooms. In 1873 the Fourteenth street building was erected at a cost of ^15,000. This building contains six well lighted and ventilated school rooms, neatly and well furnished with the most modern school appliances. In 1883 the Seventh street school house was torn down, and a large eight-roomed brick structure erected in its place. This building was erected at a cost of ^14,000. Among the prominent teachers of the Renovo schools previous to 1S75 were: S. Miller McCormick, Martin W. Herr, J. S. Kupp,- H. S. Edson, C. S. Webner, who was principal from 1872 to 1874, and A. M. Snyder. In 1875 Professor J. S. Reed, a former county superin- tendent of Lycoming county, was made principal, and A, W. Brungard, the present district attorney, was chosen teacher of the first grammar school. Later Professor Rank had charge of the Renovo schools. He resigned in March, 1889, and was succeeded by Professor C. B. Kelley, the present principal. The names of the present teachers and the grades they are teaching are as follows: Charles B. Kelley, superintend- ent of schools; Isabella M. Dieffenbach, assistant principal; Maud L. Sanders, Seventh street grammar school; Anna D. Stouffer, Seventh street intermediate; Myrtle A. Ken- dig, Seventh street A secondary; Josie M. Jones, Seventh street B secondary; Cora B. Bressler, Seventh street A primary; Mary A. Lafferty, Seventh street B primary; Teressa R. Dieffenbach, Fourteenth street grammar school; Mary A, Hall, Fourteenth street intermediate; Agnes S. Nicholas, Fourteenth street secondary; Tressa G. Hand Fourteenth street A primary; Agnes L. Marr, Fourteenth street B primary; Bridget Mulvihill, Drury's Run school The majority of the teachers in the Renovo schools are normal school graduates, and all but four have attended 254 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. normal schools. The Misses Hall, Stauffer, Marr, Nicholas, Jones and Dieffenbach are all graduates of the Central State Normal school of Lock Haven, Pa. Renovo's teachers are an intelligent body, and the Renovo schools are in a very flourishing condition. The people always use judgment in selecting men to act as directors, and everything has always been done that tends towards the elevation of the Renovo public schools. The present board of directors are as fol- lows: Thomas A. Roberts, president; Joseph R. Kendig, secretary; John W. Sheldon, treasurer; M. A. Houlahan, George Fox and Joseph P. Green. Professor C. B. Kelley, present principal of Renovo public schools, was born at Le Roy, Bradford county, Pa., in 1868. When but eight years of age his parents moved to Canton, Pa. Professor Kelley graduated from the Canton high school as validictorian of his class, and later graduated from the Mansfield State Normal school. After teaching a district school for one term, he was elected to a principal- ship in Sullivan county. Here he met with success, and after gaining quite a reputation as a teacher, he secured a position as supervisory principal of the Renovo schools in the spring of 1889, being elected to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Professor Rank. His work was satis- factory to the board of education, and he was elected unan- imously in 1 89 1, and again in 1892. NEWSPAPERS. The Renovo Record is an independent Democratic news- paper, established December 21st, 187 1, by John U. Shaffer, its present editor and proprietor, as a four-page, seven- column newspaper. It was enlarged in 1883 to an eight- column newspaper, which size has since been maintained. The office is well equipped with a Campbell power press and Gordon job press, the latest styles of job type, etc. The Record has always been a live, progressive newspaper, advocating progress and improvement. It has gained a large circulation, and is recognized as one of the best ad- vertising mediums in its locality. Mr. Shaffer, the editor, HON, JOHN U. SHAFFER, Editor Renovo Record. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 255 was twice elected as member of the lower house at Harris- burg by the Democrats of the county, and made an accept- able representative to both parties. During his twenty years residence in Renovo, he held the position of clerk of council for thirteen consecutive years, and has always been prominently identified with the best interests of that thriv- ing borough. The first number of the Evenmg News, the only daily paper published in Renovo, was issued September 21st, 1883. It was established by John P. Dwyer and the late James Reilley. It was begun as a five-column, four-page paper. The Nexvs, by its vigorous yet modest style, soon won the favor of the people of Renovo. The Evenmg Nezvs was started with the idea that what Renovo needed was not a political organ, but a paper that would present the local news, and it therefore declared in its salutatory that the "Evenmg News will take no political stand other than to battle for the right," a platform of polit- ical independence that has since dominated its course. The Nezvs for the first two years was printed on a Wash- ington hand press, but as the circulation increased this was abandoned, and a Campbell cylinder press superseded it. In October, 1884, the firm of Dwyer & Reilly was dis- solved, Mr. Dwyer purchasing his associate's interest and assuming the entire management of the paper. In September, 1889, the Republican Publishing company, of Williamsport, tendered Mr. Dwyer the editorial and busi- ness management of the Republican of that city. The position was accepted, and Mr. Dwyer, on leaving Renovo October 15th, left the Nezvs under the charge of P. A. Kinsley, who continued its management until the following December, when the Nezvs was sold by Mr. Dwyer to M. J. Dillon. The first paper under the new proprietorship was issued December 26th, 1889. In March, 1890, P. A. Kinsley returned to the News, and has since been associated with Mr. Dillon in the editorial management of the paper. 256 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Mr. Dillon made a number of improvements in the plant, among which was its removal to larger quarters, and the in- troduction of steam power for running the presses. The News, which had for nearly seven years been pub- lished the same size at which it had commenced its mis- sion, was enlarged by M. Dillon to six columns June 1st, 1890. In the spring of the following year the press, which had done service for upwards of five years, was re- placed with a new Hoe stop-cylinder press, a fine piece of printing machinery, which has a capacity of 1,500 papers per hour. A cutting, pasting and folding machine was also added at the same time. Owing to the constant extension of its equipments, the News, in November, 1891, went into commodious new quar- ters in a three-story brick building on Erie avenue, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The presses, boilers, engines, etc., occupy rooms on the ground floor; the business offices are on the second floor, and the editorial and composing rooms are on the third floor. These departments are heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The office is thoroughly equipped for doing general job printing. The weekly edition of the Clinton county News was es- tablished March 21st, 1888. It is an eight-page paper, in- dependent in politics. CORPORATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. THE First National bank of Kenovo was started August 18th, 1887. It. is located on Erie avenue, between Third and Fourtli streets. The officers of the bank are as follows: President, James Murphy; cashier, W. B. Reilly; directors, James Murphy, Luke Binder, John Reilly, C. Grugan, John Ward, James O'Hagan, M. P. Murphy, W. C. Weaver and James A. Williamson. Capital, $50,000; surplus, $10,000. BANK OP RENOVO. The Bank of Renovo was started in March, 1884, by A. W. Cook. In May, 1885, Cook sold out to Patrick Kane and P. H. Ross. In 1886 the latter sold his interest to Mr. Kane, who is now the sole owner and pro- prietor of the Bank of Renovo. The institution is not incorporated, but is valued at $125,000. Patrick Kane is president, and John T. Kane, cashier. RENOVO BOROUGH WATER WORKS. Renovo procures its water supply from Petes' run, in the mountains at the south of the borough. The reservoir, which has a capacity of 2,500,000 gallons, was built in 1873, The contract for the erection of the basin was awarded by council, July 21st. 1873, to Patrick Shelley and Prank Harvey, of Renovo. Work was commenced that month, and was completed in November of the same year. It was formally accepted by council for the borough on January 7th, 1874. The amount paid Shelley and Harvey for the work was $7,085.44. On July 21st, the council also awarded a contract to V. B. Scheid and H. T. Jarrett, of Lock Haven, for putting in the water pipes, plugs, etc. The size of pipe is as follows : From the reservoir to and across the river, ten inches ; on Erie avenue from Third to Ninth streets, six inches ; on cross streets, four inches. The amount paid Scheid and Jarrett was $39,273.53. In later years the pipe was extended on all the streets from Ninth to Seven- teenth. In October, 1891, a new ten-inch main was placed in on Huron avenue, at a cost of $5,000. In the summer of the same year, a new reservoir, with a capacity of 1,300,000 gallons was built on Petes' run, at a point one-quarter of a mile above the old reservoir, the object of which is to hold a reserve supply of water for emergencies. Water from this upper dam is conducted by troughs to the main basin. The im- provement was made at a cost of $1,200. The water is of the best quality coming from springs in mountain ravines. The revenue in water rents from patrons of the works is from $3,800 to $4,200 per year. Council now has under consideration plans for the reconstruction of the old res- ervoir, by erecting stone walls and grouting the bottom. 258 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. ELECTRIC LIGHT, The Renovo Edison Light, Heat and Power company was incorporated November 29th, 1886. The company was formed for the purpose of fur- nishing electric light to the people of Renovo, but under its charter it also has the right to supply steam for heat and power purposes, in which business it has not, however, engaged. Capital, $20,000. Stockholders— Philip B. Shaw, Godfrey Hess, K. D. Weed, J. J. Crocker, J. C. Hill, John S. Gersting. of Williamsport, and James Mur- phy, of Renovo. President, Godfrey Hess; secretary, John S. Gersting. The general manager, who has charge of the station and local business of the company at Renovo, is James H. Sheddy. The station has two dynamos. The location of the plant is on Spruce street, between Huron and Ontario avenues. SOUTH RENOVO LAND COMPANY. The South Renovo Land company was formed in 1881 by John W. Smith, Charles McKee, P. H. Sullivan and James O'Hagan. Their ob- ject was the improvement of the village of South Renovo. They built the bridge across the river which was carried away by the June flood of 1889. Under the management of the land company, the town of South Renovo has been greatly improved, and it is now an independent borough. Lots are being sold, and the town is being rapidly built up with neat and substantial dwellings. A new bridge was erected during the winter of 1891 and 1892. The location of the new town is a favorable one, as it stands above high water mark. The present members of the company are as follows: Samuel Gustine Thompson, president; C. R. Wainright, Joseph Wainright, Charles S. Hinchman and James O'Hagan. PHILADELPHIA & ERIE FIRE BRIGADE OF THE RENOVO SHOPS. The Philadelphia & Erie Fire brigade was organized November 21st, 1879, with the following charter officers: James R. Shuster, chief en- gineer; John B. Michael, assistant engineer; A. H. Corinth, secretary to chief engineer ; Samuel F. Dedier, foreman ; George R. McCrea, assistant foreman; John Spencer, engineer; S. B. Taylor, stoker; John Lynch, driver. The officers for 1892 are as follows: James R. Shuster, chief engineer; Samuel F. Dedier, assistant engineer ; M. Carrns, foreman; John E. Houlahan. assistant foreman; Joseph A. Wilmer, engineer; P. J. Wil- mer, stoker; John Lynch, driver; John E. Houlahan, secretary to chief engineer. The Philadelphia & Erie Fire brigade meets every Saturday afternoon, between the hours of 3 and 5 o'clock, for practice. The alarm for practice is sounded by a whistle on the boiler room of the machine shop at 3 o'clock. All members are compelled to respond, and are put through a drill for two hours. The number of members of the brigade is limited to twenty. As soon as one drops out another is .elected to fill the vacancy. There are eight officers and twelve men for duty, and they are PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 259 arranged as follows: Four pipemen, four linemen and four men for hy- drants. The Philadelphia & Erie Fire brigade, although intended for the protection of the railroad company's property, is allowed to attend fires in the town or in any otlicr {)lace in case of need, and is frequently called upon to go to wrecks where fire has broken out. They are equipped with a handsome new La Prance stuam fire engine, which was purchased at a cost of $4,500, two hose carriages and 3,000 feet of the finest quality of cotton hose. WEST BRANCH HOSE COMPANY, NO. 2. West Branch Hose company. No. 2, was organized May 12th, 1873, with the following officers: R. M. Messimer, chief engineer and presi- dent; E. P. Dowling, secretary; W. H. Messinger, foreman; M. F, Neylon, ftrst assistant foreman ; Michael Cleary, second assistant foreman. The present officers of the company are as follows : John Hagan, chief engineer; M. A. Houlahan, president; J. T. Hagan, ,Yice president ; H. W. Green, secretary; E. P. Dowling, treasurer; M. ix. Houlahan, John Hagan and G. H. Felmilee, trustees; H. Bodley, foreman; Charles Hagan, first assistant; James Kepler, second assistant. The West Branch Hose company was organized with fourteen mem- bers, hence could not elect a complete list of officers at their organization The company now has an active membership of forty-five. Owing to the number of members and the completeness of their equipment, the West Branch is always in condition for actual services. This organization meets the first and third Tuesdays, of each month, in their parlors on Fifth street. RENOVO JEWEL LODGE, NO. 249, I. O. G. T. This lodge was organized January 23d, 1867, with the following charter officers: Chief templar, W. K, Crites; vice templar, Elsie Richarts, chaplain, J. Y. Rothrock; secretary, U. S. N. Crouse; assistant secre- tary, W. B. Crawford; financial secretary, C. B. Ashcom; treasurer, Dr. J. P. Ashcom; marshal, P. C. Moyer; deputy marshal, Jennie Cauff- raan; I. G., Mary Moyer; 0. G., J. D. Curamings; R, H. S,, Joseph Fessler; L. H. S., Mollie Crouse; P. C. T., G. W. Givin. The present officers are: Chief templar, George Boyer; vice templar, Clara Kepler; secretary, C. E. Bricker; assistant secretary, Annie D, Stoufler; financial secretary, Frank Trump; treasurer, G. F. Living- stone; chaplain, J. F, Rimer; marshal, George Weight; deputy marshal, Lillie ShoU ; guard, Ella Good ; sentinel, Harry Sapp ; past chief templar, Levi Musser; lodge deputy, W. J. Nicholas. Lodge meets every Thurs- day evening in Spangler's hall, corner Huron avenue and Sixth street. Present membership, 147. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD CASTLE, KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. Pennsylvania Railroad castle, Knights of the Golden Eagle, was organized at Renovo Tuesday evening, March 15th, 1892, with thirty- five members and the following charter officers: H. H. Rockwell, P. C; Prank Bodley, N. C; Charles Spotts, V. C; J. F. Rimer, H. P.; H. L. 260 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY, Shaffer, M. of R.; A. F. Spangler, S. H.; Svante Johnson, K. of E.; trustees, A. L, Kepler, William Gilliland and T, C. Livingston; medical examiner, Dr. 0. H. Rosser. The castle rceets every Tuesday evening in the G. A. R. hall. DIVISION NO. 1, A. O. H. Division No. 1, A. 0. H., of Clinton county, was organized at Renovo, April 12th, 1888, with the following named persons as charter officers: P. D. Shelan, C, D. ; M. A. Houlahan, president; Patrick Nevius, vice president; John Hayes, recording secretary; William Duffy, financial secretary; Thomas Flynn, treasurer. The present officers are : James Smyth, C. D. ; M. A. Houlahan, pres- ident; Thomas McLaughlin, vice president; James Connors, recording secretary; John Hayes, financial secretary; John Bailey, treasurer. The A. O. H. meets every Tuesday evening in Murphy's hall, on Fourth street, where they have fitted up rooms at a cost of several hundred dollars. Their roOins are kept open every evening for the members. The A. 0. H. has greatly flourished ever since its organization. It was in- stituted with but twelve members, and now has eighty four members in good standing. F. M. C. T. A. B. SOCIETY. Father Matthew Catholic Total Abstinence Benevolent society was organized August 17th, 1885, with the following charter officers: Spiritual director, Rev. James Igo ; president, John E. Houlahan ; re- cording secretary, John W. Russell; treasurer, Frank Dwyer; financial secretary, Charles B. Feist. The present officers are as follows: Spiritual director, R. J. J. Gormley; president, John E. Houlahan; vice president, Michael Cleary; treasurer, P. H. Mulvihill; recording and corresponding secretary, Charles B. Feist; financial secretary, John D. Farrell; trustees, Michael Cleary, Michael Lovett and Thomas Neagle; auditors, John W. Russell, Patrick Mc- Carthy and Michael Houlahan; board of investigation, Thomas J. Kinsley and Thomas Neagle; marshal, Michael Cleary. The objects of the society are: First — To promote temperance among all. Second — To edify by example and precept our luke-warm brethern in the practice of virtue and Christian life, and to inculcate and disseminate correct Catholic views regarding total abstinence principles. Third — To promote reconciliation and harmony among all. As this ob- ject is holy, and conformable to the wishes of our Redeemer, according to the rule He laid down for our guidance in the gospel, and as we know from our insufficiency that we can do nothing of ourselves: Therefore, that in the accomplishment of our mission we place all our trust in the grace of God and in the patronage of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, and seek for the rules of our conduct nowhere else but in the teachings of the Roman Catholic church, in the lives of the saints, and in a more particular manner in the example and precepts of our Lord Jesus Christ. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 26 1 Fourth— To be willing to undcilake any sort of charitable work pos- sible to the members of the society. Fiffh — To provide a fund for the jjayment of benefits to sick or dis- abled members, and for the burial of deceased members. The society meets every Sunday afternoon in the old Catholic church. Number of members on the roll at present, seventy-eight. BUCKTAIL POST, NO. 143, G. A. R. Bucktail Post, No, 143, G. A. R., was organized September 34th, 1879. The charter officers were: F. M. Elliott, P. C; Z. M. P. Baird, S. V. C. ; J. F. Simpson, J. V. C; A. N. Stevenson. Q. M.; R. W. Flower, surgeon; Philip Stout, chaplain; John C. Brown, 0. D. ; H. C. Long, 0. G.; U. S. M. Grouse, adjutant; S. F. Deider, Q. M. sergeant; J. J. Billow, sergeant major. The officers elected in January, 1893, areas follows: Commander, R. N. Martin; senior V, C, D. L. Saunders; adjutant, J. R. Kendig; quartermaster, Robert W. Flower; sergeant, W. De Hass: captain, J. W. Long; officer of the guard, S. M. Barr, WASIIINGION CAMP, NO. 88, P. O. S. OK A. Washington camp. No. 88, P. 0. S. of A., was organized February 21st, 1868. The charter officers were: R. M. Messimer, past president; George II. Hawksworth, president; S. 0. Malin, vice president; John M. Daugherty, M. of F. & C; E. L. MeCluen. secretary; John M. Young, assistant secretary; A. Dravenstadt, treasurer; J. R. Kendig, financial secretary, W. J. McCrea, conductor. The present officers are: Junior past president, E, C. Cummings; pres- ident, George F. Boyer; vice president, George W. Summerson; master of forms, John F. Bowers; I'ecording secretary, Theodore W. Nicholas; assistant recording secretary, Abram Crays; financial secretary, E. D. Walker; treasurer, R. D. Simpson; chaplain, Charles F. Newell; con- ductor, Harry B. Kelley; inspector, William O. Kaley; guard, Downs McCIoskey; right sentinel, Jotin W. Young; left sentinel; A. W. Salts- man; trustees, George W\ Corwin, Jacob G. Hall, E. D. Walker; dele- gates to state camp, John W. Lees and J, G, Hall; alternates, R. D. Simpson and T. W. Nicholas, This camp meets every Friday evening in Spangler's hall, corner of Huron avenue and Sixth street. Present mem- bership, 183. KENOVO LODGE, NO. 595, I. O. 0. F. Renovo lodge, No. 595, I. 0, O, F., was instituted December 24th, 1866. The petitioners for the charter were: Thomas Dawson, C. T. Moore, H. Mover, J. P. Ashcom, N. L. Sterner, Peter Weber, W. J. Paisous, Albert Wergartz, Jacob Cottell and A. S. Crawford. The first officers were: ThoniMs Dawson, N. G.; P. C. Moyer, V, G.; C. T, Moore, secretary; N, L, Sterner, assistant secretary; J, P, Ashcom, treasurer. The present officers are: N, G,, W. M, Morton; V, G., A, D, Nelson, secretary, P. C. Moyer; assistant secretary, J, G. Ginter; treasurer, E, 262 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. W. Etlinunds, Number of members at last report, March 28th, 1892, 215. Lodge meets in Odd Fellows' hall, third floor, corner Sixth and St. Clair streets, on Monday evening of each week. The hall is owned by the lodge, built of bricli, three stories high, twenty-five feet front by seventy-five feet deep, and cost $7,500, including lot. DEXTER ENCAMPMENT, NO, 163, I. O. O. F. Dexter encampment. No. 163, I. 0. O. P., was instituted March 10th, 1868. The petitioners for a charter were : C. T. Moore, P. C. Moyer, Williatii Barkla, J. P. Ashcom, N. L. Sterner, B. F. Rinnberger, D. J. Reese, J. R. Shuster, A. L. Dravenstadt, F. A. D. Hawksworth, A. H. Firwed and George' W. Givin. The first ofiicers were: Chief patriarch, P. C. Moyer; high priest, William Barkla; senior warden, N. L. Sterner; junior warden, B. F. Rumberger; scribe, C. T. Moore; treasurer, J. P. Ashcom. The present ofBcers are: Chief patriarch, A. D. Nelson; high priest, W. T. Crays; senior warden, J. G. Ginter; junior warden, Reese Hevner; scribe, P. C. Moyer; treasurer, R. M. Messimer. Number of members, March 8th, 1892, 138. Meets on second and fourth Tuesdays of each month in Odd Fellows' hall, third floor, corner Sixth and St. Clair streets. marks' military band. M. Doyle Marks, realizing that among the young men of Renovo there was good material for a juvenile band, suited action to the thought, and in February, 1888, organized the Renovo Juvenile band. Tlie first dif- ficulty encountered was procuring suitable instruments. The patient leader and his persevering followers finally succeeded in getting together the desired number of old instruments, which were resurrected from the cellars, garrets and dark closets of various musicians "of ye olden tymes." Their next effort was to secure a meeting place. Their finances were not strictly in "gilt-edged" condition; they could not afford a frescoed hall with walnut wainscoting and costly chandeliers, so they rented an apartment in Good's wagon shop, on the outskirts of the town, and here they began their practice. How much inspiration the boys re- ceived in this old room with its gloomy and dilapidated surroundings may easily be imagined, but the boys forgot their unpleasant room, and learned to suit themselves to discouraging circumstances. They prac- ticed night after night, never heeding the unkind remarks of those who foretold the early doom of the organization, and soon the people began to realize that the Juveniles had started the band as a useful and perma- nent institution. Then it was that a number of public-spirited men started a subscription list to assure tliem financially, and over $100 was willingly subscribed. During the subsecpient years of the organiza- tion's existence, the people have accorded it the support which is so much deserved. These boys labored on, overcoming every obstacle, and built up an organization that stands to-day prepared to fight its own battles. Mrs. William Youtz fitted up a large room in the brick building m the M, DOYLE MARKS, Organizer and Leader of Marks' Military Band, Renovo. Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 263 rear of her elegant home on Huron avenue, and there the Juvenile band established their headcjuarters. They have, beyond doubt, the finest fur- nished band room in the state, handsomely papered, jiainted, carpeted, and furnished with every known convenience and contrivance necessary to successful and systematic practice. Since their organization they have favored the people of Renovo with an annual concert each year in April. The concerts have always been successful. At one concert $275 was cleared. The Juveniles have taken several trips, remaining away for a week at a time. They have also furnished music on numerous occasions for different secret societies at the state meetings. In July, 1891, they gave concerts at Irvoua, Altoona, Bell wood and Tyrone, and were re- ceived right royally at each place. The following persons constitute the band: M. Doyle Marks, C. E. Ross, Don Kline, Frank Ilarter, Al. Good, William Seel, Wilfred Kendig, Willard Curts, Howard Spangler, James Russell, Glenn Koehler, Charles McDonald, Charles Youtz, Joseph Powers, William Youtz, Harry Taylor, Roll Irvin, Joseph Lynch, Clyde Gilliland, Park Espenschade, John O'Laughlin, Willie Leslie, Charles Marks, Bert Washburn, Ben Gunzberg, Fred Durell and Ray Swartz. The instruments used by the band are of the Distia make, and cost $1,400. The handsome uniforms cost $600, and the band room equip- ments are valued at $150. All this the boys have made by hard work. The band has been molded after Mr. Marks' own ideas, and he certainly deserves great praise for its high standing. A short time ago the boys honored him by changing the name of the organization to Marks' Mili- tary band. In concluding this sketch the highest compliment that can be paid to the band is to say that it is supported by the best people of Renovo, and that its reputation is not confined to Renovo, but has gone forth to all parts of the old Keystone state. M. Doyle Marks, leader and organizer of Marks' Military band, was born in Altocna, Pa., in 1867, and when he was four years old his parents removed to Renovo. He entered the public schools two years later, continuing his studies until 1883, when he secured a position with the P. & E. raih'oad company in this place. In 1886 he attended Clark's Business college in Erie, completing one term, and on his return to Renovo resumed emf)loyment with the railroad company, and was for several years clerk in the motive power department. Mr. Marks possesses a natural faculty for music, and his taste and talents in that direction have been developed under competent instructors. His ability is not confined to one or two instruments, but is so varied that he can play, and play well, on many instruments. Mr. Marks was the organizer of the Pennsylvania Band Tournament association, and has been twice elected its president. In the fall of 1891 Marks & Kelley started the Montoursville Echo, a weekly paper published at Montoursville, Lycoming county. Pa. Mr. Kelley soon withdrew from the firm, and M. Doyle Marks became sole proprietor and publisher of the said paper, which, by his industry and en- terprise, has risen to an important position among the newspapers of Ly- coming county. 264 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WOKKS. The great locomotive and car works of the Philadelpliia & Erie division of the Pennsylvania railroad at Eenovo may aplly be termed the heart of the town; its existence is dependent upon their maintenance, and were they to cease operations, the death of the town would inevitably ensue. Carrying the simile further it might be said that the heart makes monthly pulsations in wages, which, if not as life-sustaining as the blood in the human arteries, is capable of purchasing that which creates the blood. In these monthly pulsations from $60,000 to $75,000 are sent forth to the community to promote the welfare of the town and its inhabitants. The railroad shops and appurtenant buildings at Renovo cover an area of about ten acres on the north side of the railroad tracks or yard, or opposite the town proper, and these shop buildings comprise a brick engine house, brick blacksmith and forge shop, brick machine shop, brick boiler shop, brick engine room and electric liglit station, brick foundry, frame paint shop, frame cabinet shop, frame shop for the stor- age and mixing of paints, and brick passenger and freight car shop and planing mill, brick supply house, and brick olhce building. The few buildings constructed of frame will be superseded during the summer of 1892 by a brick structure covering an area of one acre, which, when completed, will be devoted to the purposes lor which the frame buildings are now used. The engine house, mentioned in ihe foregoing, is semi-circular, of about 180 feet radius, has a capacity for the housing of twenty-two loco- motives, and was constructed in 1864, being one of the original buildings of the plant. Its purposes are not allied to the other works, and can readily be disassociated from them, as no construction work is in progress in this building. The force emjjloyed consists of fifty men— hostlers, wipers, and inspectors of the locomotives. Mr. Charles D. McCarthy, one of the most expert mechanics in the works, is in charge of this depart- ment. The blacksmith shop is also one of the original shoj) buildings, having been erected in 1864, is about 100 feet square, and in this building is forged all iron used in the construction of a locomotive or a freight or passenger car, from the smallest eyebolt to the heavy frame forgings and axles used in the building of locomotives. The shop contains about forty forges and several ponderous steam hammers for doing the heavier work. A peculiarity of this shop, as compared with other raih-oad blacksmith shops throughout the United States, is the large number of appliances, or" formers," as they are technically called, for shaping iron into a desired form at one blow. These devices are the invention of the foreman of the shop, Mr. John Green, who has achieved great reputation from his ingenuity in this regard. About 150 men are employed in this department. The machine shop, wiiich is about 100 feet by 200 feet in size, is another of the original buildings erected in 1864, and it is devoted to the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 265 purposes indicated l)y its name. It is divided into two departments, separated by a longitudinal aisle or passage way; the one side, into which tracks are run from a traverse table adjoining the west side of the shop, contiguous to the blacksmith shop, having a capacity of six locomotives, which number may be repaired or built new at one time ; on the other, or east side of the shop, are situated numerous lathes, boring machines, and drill presses, upoTi which the material used in the construction of engines, such as cylinderr, driving rods, tires, etc., are dressed, and this work necessarily must be exact to secure good results. This shop has for several years been under the able charge of Mr. Charles H. Potts, and about 200 men are employed in and about it. Adjoining the machine shop on the north is the boiler shop, erected in 1869, a portion of which is used as a tin shop and plumbing room. In these two departments locomotive boilers, ash pans, and kindled articles are made or repaired; and every desciii)tion of tin and plumbing work in connection with a railroad is turned out. The two departments employ about seventy- five men. The boiler shop is presided over by Mr. Joseph P. Green, and the tin shop and plumbing sho|) is in charge of Mr. R. D. Simpson, and the competency of both for their respective positions is attested by long incumbency. In a wing of the machine shop is located the large engine which drives the multiplicity of machines in the machine and boUer shops, the power being furnished by a 200 horse-power boiler ; and here also are located the electric light boilers and dynamos, which supply the several shops with electric light, the present j^lant being of fifty arc lamp capacity, each lamp being of 2,000 candle-power. This department is naturally allied to and subordinate to the officials of the machine shop. The foundry, one of the original 1864 buildings, is about 80 by 120 fiet in size, and in it are moulded cast articles of every description, brass and iron, that constitute the equipment of a railroad. Every ap- pliance for rapid, economical and efficient work of this character is sup- plied: and as this foundry and that at Altoona are the only two on the vast Pennsylvania railroad system, the product of this shop is supplied to many places, the home consumption being scarcely one-half the amount of work turned out. The department is under the jurisdiction of Mr. William H. Nicholas, who was its first foreman, his term of service hav- ing commenced with the erection of the shop in 1864. About seventy- five moulders and laborers are employed. The freight car sliop, passenger car shop and jilaning mill are under one roof in a building, erected in 1880, with dimensions 80 by 240 feet, with a wing 60 feet square. Adjoining the building is the lumber yard, with a large stock of every kind and size of lumber serviceable for railroad purposes, and from this yard the material in its rough state is taken to the planing mill and cut and dressed upon numerous machines to serve a use in either passenger or freight cars ; thence the partly finished material is taken to one of the other .^hops, and in the hands of skilled and experienced mechanics it soon becomes the component part of the 18 266 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. elegant and convenient passenger coaclies used on the Pennsylvania rail- road, or of the strong and stable freight cars for carrying heavy traffic. In erecting cars the product of the foundry, machine and blacksmith shops is, of course, largely used. To one unaccustomed to the work the facility with which a freight car may be built in these works is astonishing; the rough wood and miscellaneous pieces of iron of to-day will be a complete box car, without paint, to-moiTOw, and on the following day the car will be ready for traffic. The work on passenger cars being more elaborate, more time is consumed; but in this department, as in every other, celer- ity is the watchword. These departments have for twenty years been in the able charge of Mr, Robert M3Iessimer, who has been most competently assisted by Mr. James R. Shuster. Affiliated with the department is the cabinet shop, or glue room in which the finest kind of joiner work is performed. About 300 men are employed, this being the largest single department of the works. The paint shop is now in a frame structure, shortly to be superseded by the substantial and commodious brick structure now being built. In this shop all varnishing, painting, etc., of locomotives and cars are done. Mr. A. J. Weidler, an experienced painter, is in charge, having about forty men under his j^jrisdiction. In the pattern shop and supply room, which are in a building 80 by 50 feet, are stored thousands of the most valuable patterns for making railroad castings, these patterns being of almost inestimable value, be- cause of the inconvenience of replacement, and all supplies, large and small, constituting the store of the shoi>s and the transportation depart- ment of the road. Mr. C. F. Newell is in charge of the pattern shop, and Mr. Joseph R. Kendig of the store department. The adjoining brick building, of more ornate architecture, is the office, in which are located the headquarters of the shops. Mr. William L. Holman, the master mechanic, who has supervision of all the shops, their work and the employes, having his office there. A large staff of clerks, assistants, etc., for accounting and time-keeping are also located in this building. In the second story are the offices of Mr, Thomas A. Roberts, the superinlendent, whose jurisdiction comprises not only all the extensive railroad interests at Renovo, including the shops, but also about 200 miles of railroad extending west from Renovo. In all nearly 1,000 men are employed in the railrcad shops at Renovo, constituting by far the largest industry in the county, and its men are an important element and factor in the county's affairs; and, in, addition more than 200 men resident in Renovo are afforded employment in the railroad service outside of the shops, such as trainmen, trackmen and those engaged in like pursuits. HOTELS OF RENOVO. WARD HOUSE. THE Ward house is a handsome brick structure, three-story high, built by John Ward, its present owner and proprietor, in 1887 and 1888. The Ward house is located above Sixth street on Erie ave- nue, and has ample room for the accommodation of forty guests. A first-class bar and restaurant and commodious sample rooms belong to the house. RENOVO HOUSE. Tlie Renovo house was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad company in 1869. It is a large brick building, 73x180 feet, three stories hi^h, and attached to the depot. The grounds around the hotel abound in choice trees and shrubbery. Captain W. 11. May, who had kept the Otzinachson, the first hotel and boarding house in town, was the first proprietor of the Renovo house. Its present landlord is A. Y. Jones, who took possession in January, 1893. REVEKE HOUSE. The Revere house, which is one of the oldest and best hotels in the town, is a large and commodious structure, located on the corner of Fourth street and St. Clair avenue. It was owned for sixteen years by John Gaudam, of Lock Haven, but is now owned by John Anderson, of Renovo. Its present landlord is Charles Spotts, who took possession of the house March 20th, 1887. The Revere house is well kept, and has suitable and ample room for the accommodation of fifty guests. BINDER HOUSE. Ihe Binder house was built by George Burgess, about twenty-three years ago, and has been used as a hotel ever since, li is a brick structure, located on Erie avenue, fourth door from the P. & E. passenger station. Its present proprietor is AtTolph Binder, who took charge of the place in 1889. The Binder house has suitable accommodations for about twenty guests. EUROPEAN HOTEL. The European hotel was built in 1870. The building was first used by es-Sheriff D. M. May, as a store room, and he afterwards started the European hotel. The present proprietor is F. J. Seel, who took charge of the hotel March 20th, 1883. The European hotel is located on Erie avenue, three doors below the P. & E. passenger station, and contains suitable accommodations for about twenty guests. A first ciass bar and restaurant is run in connection with the place. m'mAHON HOUSE. The McMahon house is located on Erie avenue, between Third and Fourth streets, about one-half square from the P. & E. passenger station. 268 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. This house was formerly kept by Fred McVicker, and later by Michael McMahon. Its present proprietor is E. H. Draucker. The McMahon house is kept in good style, centrally located, and has first class accom- modations for about twenty guests. Mr. Draucker has had charge of this house since June 8th, 1891. EAGLE HOTEL. The Eagle hotel is located on Erie avenue, about one square from the P. & B. station. It is one of the oldest hotels in the town. Its present proprietor is B. D. Legacy, who took charge of the Eagle January, 1886, The Eagle hotel has suitable accommodations for about twenty-five guests. CENTRAL HOUSE. The Central house was built by its present owner, Michael Blauch, in 1885. and remodeled in 1889. It is a three-story frame structure, located on Erie avenue, between Ninth and Tenth streets. The Central has ten bed-rooms and first-class accommodations for about twenty guests. A good bar and an excellent stable belongs to the house, and it is one of the best equipped hotels for its size in Clinton county. MOUNTAIN HOUSE. The Mountain house is located on Erie avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets. It is the oldest hotel in Renovo, being built in 1864. Its present proprietor is Thomas Flynn, who took charge of the house in 1880. The Mountain house has suitable accommodations for about twenty-four guests. ARCADE HOUSE. The Arcade house is located on Erie avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets; was run for a number of years by Thomas Shannon. Its present proprietor is Michael Fitzgerald, who took charge of the place April 15th, 1891. The Mountain house has suitable accommodations for from twenty-five to thirty guests. STOCKHOLM HOUSE. The Stockholm house is located on Seventh street, between Erie and Huron avenues; was built previous to 1875, The Stockholm house was run for a number of years by Charles Knutson, who died in 1883. Its present proprietor is August Swanson, who took charge of the place in 1885. This house is well kept, and has excellent accommodations for about twenty guests. Mr. Swanson has the reputation of keeping one of the cleanest and quietest hotels in Renovo. GALLAGHER HOUSE. The Gallagher house was built in 1884, and was called the Clearfield house, until its present proprietor changed its name. This hotel was kept at one time by Philip Paul, who was afterwards shot by Cliarles Cleary. Its present landlord is James G. Gallagher, who took charge of the place December 23d, 1888. This house has accomodations for about twenty- five guests. The Gallagher house is located on Erie avenue, at the corner pt Thirteenth street, and is a well kept place. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 269 WEST BRANCH HOTEL. The West Branch hotel is located on Erie avenue, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets. It is kept byNicodemus Smith, the oldest hotel man in Renovo. This house can accommodate twenty guests, and is kept in good style. EXCHANGE HOTEL. The Exchange hotel is located on the corner of Erie avenue and Fifth street. It is a large three-story frame building, erected by Prank Harvey, its present proprietor, in 1871 and 1872, and used by him as a hotel until 1882, when it ceased to be a public house, until reopened by Mr. Harvey in the spring of 1892. This hotel is one of the largest in the town of Renovo, and affords suitable accommodations for about sixty persons; It is run in first-class style, and is becoming quite popular with the travel- ing public. PROFESSIONAL MEN OF RENOVO. D. J. REESE, M. D. DR. D. J. REESE was bom iu Berlin, Somerset county, Pa., March 10th, 1839. His father was a Lutheran minister. At the age of twelve yeais he entered Lititz academy, where he spent two years. At the age of fourteen years he entered the drug store of his cousin, Mr. John Gepfcrt, of Maytown, Lancaster county, Pa., where he remained until he reached the age of sixteen years, when his father placed him under the care of Dr. S. S. Wiest, of Lancaster county, Pa., to study medicine. He attended his first course of medical lectures at the Penn- sylvania Medical college, of Philadelphia, in the fall and winter of 1857 and 1858. Commenced the practice of medicine in the spring of 1858. In the fall of 1858 he moved to Ohio, where he married Miss Sarah E. Fisher, of Clayton, that state. From thence he moved to Michigan in the fall of 1859, where he practiced his profession until the commence- ment of the war, when he returned to Pennsylvania. Locating at Hyner, Clinton county, he has been a citizen of the county since. He attended his second course of lectures in the fall and winter of 1872 and 1873, graduating in 1873 from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Returning to Renovo he has been in the practice since, with the excep- tion of seven months, when he was located in Shamokin, Northumber- land county, Pa. He is now the oldest resident physician of the town of Renovo. A. E. HEIMBACH, M. D. Dr. A. E. Heimbach was born in Berks county. Pa., February 20th, 1863. His parents afterwards moved to Philadelphia, where he attended the public schools until 1880, when he entered the Keystone State Normal school, at Kutztown, Pa., and graduated from that institution in 1882. He followed teaching for seven years. He began the study of medicine in 1885, and entered Hahnemann Medical college, of Philadelphia, in 1887. After taking a three years' graded course in that institution, he graduated in 1890. After graduation he located for a time in Philadelphia. He next located in AUentown, where he practiced for ten months. He then came to Renovo, where he succeeded Dr. Van Fleet. Dr. Heimbach is a member of the Homoeopathic School of Medicine, and rapidly rising in his pro- fession. THOMAS P. ROACH, M. D. Thomas P. Roach, physician and surgeon, was born at Lock Haven, September 12th, 1863. He is a son of Captain William Roach, who moved to Renovo in 1878. The subject of this sketch began the study of ORRIN H. ROSSER, M. D. Renovo, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2/1 telegraphy in Renovo in 1879, ami in 1881 went to Driftwood, where he took charge of the Philadelphia cS; Erie telegraph office; while here he began the study of medicine with Dr. S. 8. Smith. He continued to read medicine for eighteen months, when he went to Chicago, where ho entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which institution he graduated in 1890. After his graduation he went to the State of Washington, where he passed an examination and was admitted to prac- tice medicine in that state. Not liking the country, he went back to Chicago, where he practiced his profe^sion for a time. He then went to Piitsburg, where his dijiloma was endorsed by the West Pennsylvania ]\Iedical college; after which he located at Renovo, opening an office on the corner of Seventh street and Huron avenue, where he is now located. Dr. Roach is a very pleasant and courteous gentleman, who will some day hold a high position among the members of his profession. O. H. ROSSER, M. D. Dr. 0. H. Rosser was born in Lock Haven, March 6th. 1866. He is a son of 'Squire W. H. Rosser, of Mill Hall, Pa. Dr. Rosser attended the schools of Mill Hall until April, 1883, when he entered the Central State Normal school, of Lock Haven, from which institution he graduated in June, 1883. Prom 1884 until 1886 he assisted his father in the axe busi- ness, and during the next year worked in the carriage and wagon shops of G. S. Gfirth & Sons, at Mill Hall. In June, 1887, he began ihe study of medicine with Dr. W. J. Shoemaker. In the winter of the same year he entered the Medical and Surgical college, of Philadelphia, and gradu- ated from that institution April 10th, 1890. Dr. Rosser was married April 17th, 1890, to Miss Nettie E. Welsh, of Lock Haven. He first located at Vanderbilt, Fayette county. Pa., where he remained but one year. He then located in Renovo, where he is at present enjoying a good practice. W. C. WEYMOUTH, M. D. Dr. W. C. Weymouth was born near Bangor, Me., March 30th, 1854. His parents came to this state and located at Dunnstown in the fall of the same year. The family resided at Dunnstown until 1863, when they moved to Williamsport. Here the subject of this sketch attended the public schools for about eight years, then entered Davis' Commercial college, and graduated from that school in 1874. He then read medicine from 1875 to 1877, when he entered the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated from there in 1880. He first practiced in Williamsport as city physician, but came to Renovo within one year after his graduation, and has remained ever since. Dr. Weymouth was married to Mary Louise Hogan, of Renovo, November 2d, 1881. CHARLES L. FULLMER, M. D. Dr. Charles L. Fullmer was born at Montoursville, Lycoming county, Pa., May 20th, 1859. Dr. Fullmer's early education was received in the schools of Montoursville. In 1878 he entered Dickinson seminary, at 2/2 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Williamsport, and graduated from there in 1880. After following the profession of teaching for about four years he began the study of medi- cine with Dr. McCormick, of Montoursville, Pa. In 1881 he entered Jefferson Medical college, in Philadelphia, and graduated from there April 1st, 1883. After receiving his diploma he located in Renovo. Dr. Fullmer was married to Clara P. Heed, of Montoursville, Pa., in June, 1883. He has been the physician and surgeon for the PhiJHdelphia & Erie railroad company at Renovo since 1883. He received the Democratic nomination for coroner of Clinton cminty in August, 1891. and was elected to the office at the November election. GEORGE B. HALIy, M. D. Dr. Geo'ge B. Hall was born near Pleasantville, Bedford county, Pa.^ April 25th, 1867. Heisason of Dr.W. E. Hall, deceased, who was a resident physician of Renovo for many years. The Hall family moved from Bed- ford county to St. Marys, Elk county, in the spring of 1869, After re- maining there but a few months they moved to Renovo. Dr. Hall attended the public schools of Renovo, and graduated from the High school in 1881, and took a special course in the school in 1882. He then entered Lewisburg university, where he remained two years, after which he entered the office of his father and read medifine for two years. The next three years he spent at the University of Pennsylvania. After serving one year as yard clerk for the Philadelphia & Erie railroad company, at Renovo, he returned to the university and remained another year, grad- uating from there in March, 1891. Dr. Hall is at present the youngest physician in Renovo. His office is in the rear of the Dr. W. E. Hall estate, on Erie avenue. W. C. HOLLAHAN, ESQ. W. C. Hollahan, Esq., was born in Boalsburg, Pa. His early educa- tion was received in the public schools and at Boalsburg academy. He enlisted June 2d, 1862, in Company G, 148th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until December, 1865, when he was discharged as lieutenant. In 1866 he entered the Pennsylvania State college, and for a time had charge of the military department of that institution. He then read law with Hon. John Cesna, of Bedford, Pa., and in 1870 was ad- mitted to practice law in the courts of Bedford county. He came to Lock Haven in 1871 ; was a Republican candidate for district attorney of Clin- ton county against James Q. Deise, now deceased, and afterward against William Parsons, Jr. He was afterward an independent candidate for the Legislature against the regular nominees of both parties, and defeated by a very small majority. In the l^st congressional contest, although not a candidate, he received the complimentary vote of the Democratic County convention for Congress. Since 1889 Mr. Hollahan has been a resident of Renovo, where he follows the practice of his chosen profession. PROMINENT CITIZENS AND BUSINESS MEN. HON. JOHN UPTON SHAFFER. THE subject of this sketch was born at McConnellsburfj, Pa., March 27th, 1843. Upon arriving at the age of five years his parents moved to the western part of the state, leaving their son under the guardianship of an uncle bearing his name. Through his uncle's liberal means the lad received careful instruction through private instructors, and also in the public schools of the town. At the age of seventeen years he was apprenticed to the printing business, serv- ing the usual term of years. From a compositor he M-as promoted to the position of local reporter on the Fulton Republican, a position which he filled with distinction for one year. He then moved to Pittsburg, where he readily found employment as a compositor on one of the leading daily newspapers of that city. In February, 1862, be returned to his "native place, where he purchased one-half interest in the Democrat, forming a partnership with Hon. Henry G. Smith, who subsequently became an as- sociate editor of the Lancaster Daily Intelligencer, and a member of the constitutional convention, held in 1873. He shortly afterwards married Salinda, a daughter of William B. Shaffer, of the same county. In 1865 Mr. Shaffer sold his interest in the Fulton Democrat, and accepted a position in the printing department of the New York World, which he held for nearly one year, when he returned to Pennsylvania and bought a half interest in two Democratic newspapers in the borough of Hanover —one English and one German. A difficulty having arisen between him- self and partner, he disposed of his interest in both newspapers and went to Baltimore, where he obtained a situation on the Daily Gazette, which he held for four years. In the fall of 1869, on account of failing health, he resigned his position to accept a similar one— local editor and business manager of the Clinton Republican, published at Lock Haven by Georo-e D. Bowman. After serving in that position for two years, his attention was drawn to the rapid growth of the new railroad town of Renovo, Pa., where he was induced by several of its prominent citizens to establish a weekly newspaper. On December 21st, 1871, he estabiished the Renovo Record, which has proved a business success. A few years later the newspaper was enlarged and improved, and soon became a power in moulding the political sentiment of the county. During Mr. Shaffer's residence of over twenty years in Renovo, he was elected clerk of the town council for thirteen consecutive years from 1872 to 1885. In the latter year he became the regular Democratic nom- inee for member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, to which he was elected over A. J. Schuyler, Republican, by 515 majority. He was also opposed at the same election by Hon. Joseph W. Merrey, who 2/4 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. represented the county in the same body in 1881, and ran as an inde- pendent candidate. During his term at Harrisburg, Mr. Shaffer intro- duced and had passed a bill appropriating $15,000 for the completion of the east wing of the Central Normal school building at Lock Haven, which had remained in an unfinished condition for over ten years. The lumberman's lien bill was also introduced by him during that session, and passed the House by a large majority, which brought him much prominence in the lumber districts of the state. He also took much in- terest in legislation calculated to advance the educational and industrial Interests of the state. After the adjournment of the Legislature, he was appointed by Speaker Boyer as a member of the Legislative State Commis- sion of lunacy and charities. He was the only Democratic representative in the House appointed on the commission, which was an especial mark of honor in the gentleman's legislative career. In 1889 he was renom- inated by the Democrats of Clinton county by an almost unanimous vote, and re-elected by a decisive majority over the Republican, Labor-Re- form and Prohibition candidates. During the winter of that year the Central Normal school building of Lock Haven took fire and burned to the ground, entailing a loss of over flOO.OOO, upon which the state had but 110,000 insurance At the assembling of the State Legislature that winter, Mr. Shaffer introduced an appropriation bill for $100,000 to re- build the burned institution. The committee on appropriations were at first reluctant to make an appropriation for the purpose of rebuilding, but after careful consideration agreed to report the bill to the House for $75,000. When the bill came up on second reading, Mr. Shaffer suc- ceeded in attaching an amendment increasing the amount to $85,000, which subsequently passed both Houses and became a law. During the same session several other important bills in the interest of lumbermen and other constituents became laws. Mr. Shaffer was perhaps one of the mosi successful legislators that ever represented Clinton county. He was always at his post, giving the duties of his position his entire time. During his legislative terms he served as a member on the committees on congressional and legislative apportionment, constitutional reform, re- trenchment and reform, printing, mines and mining, besides on a num- ber of special committees appointed by the speaker. During the last session of the Legislature, (1891,) he went to Harrisburg at the urgent solicitation of the officers of the Central Normal school at Lock Haven, to assist the member of his county in getting through that body a further appropriation for the use of said institution. During that session another bill was passed, giving $20,000 to the school. Mr. Shaffer has edited and published the Renovo Record for over twenty years. During his citizenship he has contributed much valuable service towards building up the town and making it what it is to-day- one of the most enterprising in the state. HON. GEORGE R. McCREfl, Renovo, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2/5 HON. W. KIPP CHESNUTT. Hon. W. Kipp Chesnutt was born in Lewistown, Mifflin county, Pa., March 10th, 1845. His education was received in the public schools of Lewistown, which he attended about eight years. In 1859 he beaan learning the tailor trade with William L;nd, of Lewistown. He worked there about four years. Then he enlisted and served the latter part of the war with the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, receiving an honorable dis- charge after the grand review, at Washington, D, C. He returned to Lewistown, and remained until January, 1868, when he located in Renovo. Upon his arrival at Renovo he entered the merchant tailoring business, in which he is still engaged. In 187G he was elected justice of the peace, and held the position for ten years, being elected twice and appointed once during this time. In 1880 he was elected one of the as- sociate judges of Clinton county by the Republican party, and held the position until he liecame postmaster, May 5th, 1890. Judge Chesnutt was married December 27th, 1870, to Miss Ruth Muthersbough, of Lewis- town. His wife died March 22d, 1890, leaving her husband and two daughters to mourn her loss. He was married again June 8th, 1892, to Miss Carrie Newell, of Punxsutawney, Pa. Judge Chesnutt is not only a popular man, but a useful one. Politically he is an ardent Republican, and a leader in his party. HON. GEORGE R. McCREA. Hon. George R, McCrea was born at Holidaysburg, Blair county, Pa., February 14th, 1849. The family afterwards moved to Altoona. Mr. McCrea attended the public schools, and graduated at the High school. In 1803 he became an apprentice in the Baldwin locomotive works, where he remained four years, learning the moulding trade. In 1867 he came to Renovo, where he remained for five years. He then went to Pitts- burg, and afterwards to Canada, returning to Renovo, and locating per- manently in 1878. He worked for a time in the car shops, but in a short time entered the mercantile business, in which he is still engaged. He also went into the oil business at Tiona, Warren county. Pa., in 1888, and is yet interested in the business. Politically Judge McCrea has always been a Republican. He was elected a member of Renovo council in 1880, and served for three years. The Renovo Record of April 10th, 1884, speaks of Mr. McCrea as follows: "Mr. McCrea went into council at the urgent solicitations of our sub- stantial taxpayers, to give the people a business administration of affairs, and he succeeded well. He hud no friends to reward, and no enemies to punish. He served two years as the chairman of the fire committee, and was a member of the finance and highway committees. Being clear- headed, quick to discriminate between right and wrong, and a ready de- bater, he assumed a leading position from the start, and maintained it throughout his term. As president he was conservative and indulgent, though a good parliamentarian. He was always able to handle business 276 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. with dispatch, and to the great satisfaction of his constituents. His loss as a member will be generally regretted. But few men in Renovo are able to fill his place," He became a candidate for county treasurer against Wallace Gakle in 1884, and was defeated by 234 majority. In 1887 he became a candidate for sheriff against D. M. May. and was defeated by a majority of 106. On May 7th, 1890, he was appointed associate judge of Clinton county by Governor James A. Beaver, to fill the unexpired terra of Judge W. K. Chesnutt, who had resigned. In the fall of 1890 he received the nomina- tion of his party for associate judge, but was once more defeated by a majority of 106; this time by Judge James W. Clark, the Democratic candidate. Judge McCrea is closely connected with the business interests of Renovo, and prominently connected with the different organizations of the town. He is a charter member of Washington camp. No. 88, P. 0. S. of A., a member of Renovo lodge, No. 595, Dexter encampment, and No. 163, I. 0. 0. F. lie is a charter member of Renovo lodge, No. 595, and past master of the order. He is a past high priest in Lafayette chapter. No. 163, Royal Arch Masons, and past commander in Hos- pitaller commandery. No. 46, Knights Templar. He is district deputy grand master for Clinton, Cameron and Elk counties; also a thirty-three degree member of Philadelphia consistory, A. & A. S., R. F. M., and a member of Lu Lu temple. Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. JOHN GREEN. John Green, superintendent of the blacksmith department of the Renovo car shops, was born at Portsmouth, Va., May 10th, 1839. He Degan learning the blacksmith trade at the age of fourteen, serving an apprenticeship of six years. After learning his trade he went to the state of North Carolina, where he worked at making machinery for cotton mills until 1861. At the breaking out of the war he went to Raleigh, N, C, where he worked for a time in a Confederate locomotive shop. After working for a time in other places in the South, he ran the blockade, and went to Plymouth, N. C, where the Northern gun boats were stationed at the time. While there he gave the Union officers much valuable information that afterwards proved a benefit to the Union cause. From there he went to Fortress Monroe, where he was employed by the Federal government at making gun carriages. After leaving there he worked for a time at the Portsmouth navy yard, and afterwards at the Baltimore locomotive works. He was also employed for a time in the shops of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, and at the Washington navy yard. Mr. Green was married on the day that Abraham Lincoln was elected to his second term, to Miss Mary Delcher, of Baltimore. From 1864 until the summer of 1866, Mr. Green worked in different parts of the South. In August, 1866, he went to Williamsport, and in the spring of 1867 he • PAST AND. PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 2']J went to Elinira, N. Y., where ho was employed for a time in the railroad shoi)s. In 18G8 he came to Renovo, and remained three months. At that time he made the frames for the first engine turned out of the Renovo car shops. The engine, 10G8, is still on the road. Mr. Green went from Renovo to Elmira, where he remained until the fall of 1809, when he again went to work for the Baltimore & Ohio road for one year. In August, 1870, he went to Altoona, where he was employed in the car shops. In July, 1873, he was promoted and sent to Sunbury to take charge of the Pennsylvania railroad company's blacksmith shops. He remained there but three months, when he was sent to Renovo to take his present position, Mr. Green is the father of nine children, three of whom are dead. Two of his children are married. Superintendent Green is quite a genius, and has succeeded in patenting many valuable and use- ful ai tides. He is the inventor of nine different patents, nearly all of which pertain to railroad cars. He is well liked by all his employes, and is one of Renovo's best citizens. FRANK HARVEY. Frank Harvey was born in Ireland, October 18th, 1845, and came to' the United States with his father in 1850. The family landed at Phila- delphia, and went direct to Alleglieny county, Maryland. Here the sub- ject of this sketch attended school until he reached his sixteenth year, when he went to work in the coal mines. From that place he came to Broad Top, Pa., wliere he worked in the mines, and on the Broad Top railroad until the breaking out of the Civil war, when he enlisted in the 125th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Colonel Higgins. This company was organized by J. J. Lawrence, then superintendent of the Broad Top railroad. The regiment in which he served was mustered out of service, and Mi'. Harvey received his discharge at Camp Curtin in May, 1863. All the old employes at Broad Top, who lived to come back, re- turned to Broad Top. and secured their old positions in the mines or on the railroad. When Colonel Lawrence became superintendent of the old Sunbury cS; Erie railroad, (now P. & E.,) Mr, Harvey came with him to Emporium, then the headquarters of that road, and secured a position as engineer of the Erie Express, then a night train, and held the position until December 30th, ISGQ, when he resigned. He then embarked in the mercantile business, starting a general store on Seventh street, Renovo. In 1870 he began the ei'ection of his Exchange block, located on the corner of Erie avenue and Fifth street. In 1873, when the Exchange block was completed, Mr. Harvey started the Exchange hotel, and suc- cessfully conducted the same until 1883. From 1883 until 1885 he fol- lowed railroad contracting with P. H. and Thonuis Kane, of Renovo. He was appointed Democratic postmaster of Renovo Noveml)er 13th, 1885, and held the position until the appointment of liis successor. Judge W. K. Chesnutt, in May, 1890. During the time he was in the postoffice, he started a general store in the Exchange block, with his son, John P. Harvey, as manager. The latter is at present manager of his father's 278 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. general store in Johnsonburg. In 1873 Harvey & Shelly built the Renovo water works. In 1890 Mr. Harvey was a candidate for county treasurer, but feeling that the claims of several other candidates were stronger than his own, he withdrew, to await a more favorable opportunity. AUGUSTUS N. STEVENSON. The subject of this sketch was born at Jersey Shore, Lycoming county, Pa., June 14th, 1840. He received a liberal education through private instructors, and in the pubic schools of liis native town. He was the eldest son of Joseph S. and Margaret Stevenson, who were descendents of the first settlers of the county, where they became prominent in the agricultural and business interests of the West Branch valley. At an early age of life the subject of this sketch entered the merchandising es- tablishment of his father, where he served several years, gaining a gen- eral knowledge of the business. In the latter part of the year 1863 he obtained a position as baggage master on the old Catawissa railroad ; his run was between Williamsport and Tamaqua. During this period the Civil war was going on, when he, like many loyal spirits, resigned his po- sition to enter the army of flie Union. He became a member of Colonel John E. Wynkoop's Cavalry Rpgiment, which was assigned duty along the Potomac river. After serving the time of his enlistment, the regi- ment was discharged from service, when he entered a hardware store at Milton, Pa., where he served as a salesman for nearly two years, and ac- quired a thorough knowledge of the business. In the beginning of the spring of 18G8 the construction of the Low Grade division of the Alle- gheny Valley railroad, between Driftwood and Red Bank, was com- menced. Colonel G. A. Worth, of Elmira, N. Y., became contractor for the building of section 5 of said road at Mix Run, Cameron county. He employeil Mr. Stevenson as paymaster, book-keeper, &c., who established his headquarters at Mix Run. He remained there from March, 18G8, to November, 1869, when the section was completed. During that time Colonel Worth gave employment to several hundred men. In Jan- uary, 1869, Mr. Stevenson was married to Miss Margaret Camp- bell, of Milton, Pa. In 1870 he was employed as general manager of Martin & Worth's large supply stoi-e at Lawsonhara, Clarion county, Pa., which did a business of over $100,000 a year. Before finishing their con- tract at Lawsonham they received another to build several sections of road, with headquarters at Penfield, Pa , where another supply store was established. Mr. Stevenson was transferred as general manager, where he conducted their business until the contract was nearly completed. In 1873 he came to Renovo, and leased a small store room from John Collins, on Erie avenue, for the purpose of establishing a hardware busi- ness. At that time there was no business of the kind in Renovo, the character of all the stores being general merchandise. This business ven- ture prospered from the day it was o[)ened, and it soon become necessary to lease a larger room to meet the daily increasing wants of the hardware ft. N. STEVENSON, Renovo Clinton County , Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 279 trade. In November, 1874, he leaser! the new store building, 24 by 50 feet, erected during that year by John Mullins, on Erie avenue, below Sixth street. This room was comi)letely stocked with a general line of hardware, cutlery, paints, oils, glass, &c. The business continued to prosper, and in 1877 Mr. Stevenson purchased the property. As the years rolled on it became necessary for a still larger room to conduct his increasing business, and, in the spring of 1888, he built a fine two-story brick addition to the rear, making an extension of the room from 24 by 50 feet to 24 by 90 feet; the completion of this addition gives him one of the finest and best arranged hardware stores on the line of the Piiiladelphia & Erie railroad, between IJarrisburg and Erie. This capacious room is now filled from one end to the other with a well selected stock, compris- ing everything from a Winchester rifle to a saddler's awl. The upper part of the building is beautifully arranged, and sumptuously furnished for dwelling purposes, and there Mr., Stevenson and his estimable wife reside, surrounded with all the comforts and conveniences that could be desired. The store and dwelling are heated by steam, with hot and cold water. The heating apparatus is one of the best in the town. During Mr. Stevenson's residence in Renovo he was elected one term as a mem- ber of the town council, over his Democratic competitor, by a handsome majority. The last year of his term he was chosen president of council, a position which he filled with credit to himself and honor to the town. Mr. Stevenson is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1873, while residing at Penfield, Pa., he became a member of Clearfield lodge, No. 314, F. & A. M. : of Renovo lodge, No. 495, in 1882; of La- fayette chapter, R. A. M., No. 163, in 18P3; of Hospitaller commandery, K. T., No. 46, at Lock Haven, Pa., in the same year; of Philadelphia consistory, S. P. R. S., in 1884, and of Lu Lu temple, A. A. 0. N. M. S., in 1887. Mr. Stevenson was a charter member of Bucktail post. No. 142, G. A. R., organized in Renovo September 24th, 1879, at which time he was elected qiiartermaster — a position which he held for five successive years. He took an active interest in bringing into this organization many of the old soldiers of the Civil war. The post has a large member- ship, and continues in a flourishing condition. JAMES O'HAGAN. James O'llagan was born at Newry, Blair county, Pa., in 1850. At the age of ten years he became clerk in a store at Bedford, Bedford county, Pa. He held that position for three years, and then went to East Free- dom, Pa., where he followed clerking for sis years. In 1869 he came to Renovo and entered into the mercantile business with John Reiley, under the firm name of Reiley & O'Hagan. In 1871 he went into the mercantile business with his father, under the firm name of P. O'llagan & Son. P. O'Hagan died in May, 1861, but the firm name remains unchanged. In connection with the mercantile establishment of P. O'Hagan & Son, on Erie avenue, the firm has another general store on Eleventh street, and 280 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. still another at North Bend. James O'Hagan is one of the heaviest prop- erty owners in the town of Renovo, and is prominently connected with other business interests of Clinton county. Mr. O'Hagan is a member of the South Renovo Land company, and, as an individual, has done much to boom the borough of South Renovo, He owns a number of properties in the said borough, among the number being two large brick blocks, which he erected for private dwellings. He is an ardent Democrat, and has held several positions in the town of Renovo, among the number being those of councilman and school director. R. M. GLENN. R. M, Glenn was born in Clarion county, Pa., February 9th, 1851. The family moved to Milesburg, Centre county, Pa., in 1853. In 1866 they moved to Renovo. After locating in Renovo, the subject of this sketch clerked for one year in the store of "Wells & Murphy; then entered the Renovo shops, being the first apprentice in the wood department. He served the usual apprenticeship of four years, and remained in the em- l)loyment of the P. & E. railroad company until 1873. when he went to Wilmington, Del., where he was employed in the car shops of Jackson & Shoop for one year. From there he went to Swissvale, Allegheny county, Pa., where he worked for the Allegheny Car and Transportation com- pany uniil February, 1876, when he returned to Renovo, and opened a grocery store on the corner of Erie avenue and Seventh street. He con- ducted business at that stand until he built the Red Front, on Erie avenue, where he is located at the present time. In 1887 Mr. Glenn was elected treasurer of Clinton county, serving one term. He was also a member of Renovo council for three years. R. M. Glenn is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a thirty-two degree member of the order. He was married February 9lh, 1871, to Sarah C. Hawks- worth, of Renovo. He is engaged in the grocery, flour and feed busi- ness, and the Red Front grocery under his supervision is one of the most flourishing business places of its kind in Renovo. M. L. CLAY. M. L. Clay was born at Gardner, Me., in 1839. His boyhood days were spent in the Pine Tree state. In 1853 he was sent to Boston to school, where he remained until 1859, when he came to Lock Haven, and entered the drug store cf Dr. E. L. Shultz, on Water street. He remained with Dr. Shultz four years; then went to Williamsport, and started in the drug business for himself. After a few years he sold out his store, and entered the planing mill business. After a short time he was burned out, losing every cent he possessed. He returned to Lock Haven in 1878, and entered the drug store of Dr. Prieson, where he remained until 1880. He then succeeded in securing suffioient means to once more embark in business for himself, which he did by purchasing the drug store of James Huston, located on Erie avenue, Renovo. Here he has continued in M. L. CLRY, Reno\o, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 28 1 business up to the present time, Mr, Clay was married in 18G2 to a daughter of Levi Livingstone, of Lock Haven, They have two children, one son and one daugi-.ter, both married, with children of their own, Mr. Clay lias been in the drug business for thirty-seven years. He now con- ducts one of the leading drug and stationery stores in the town of Renovo, Although he started twice in life without a dollar, he is now owner of his store and residence, and on the sure road to financial success. E. T. SWAIN. E. T, Swain was born at Lcwistown, Pa., in 1839, He remained in Lewistown until the war broke out. He then entered the army as an noncommissioned otTlcer. In the spring of 1863 he was appointed second lieutenant of Company K, 49th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in the fall of the same year became first lieutenant of the same company. The regiment to wiiich he belonged was consolidated into four companies, A, B, C, D, and he was appointed first lieutenant of Company B, In the spring of 1864 he whs appointed captain of Company H, a new com- pany organized to fill up the regiment. He held the latter position until October, 1864, At the close of his soldier life Mr. Swain returned to Lewistown, where he remained a few months, and in April, 1865, located at Renovo, where he has remained ever since. He now conducts the old- est drug store in the town. It is located on Erie avenue, in the Swain block. The store room was erected in 1869, and, as business increased, additions were made to the rear of the structure, until it now reaches from street to alley, a distance of 130 feet. It is the oldest block built for business purposes in the town. Mr. Swain deals largely in real estate, and is to-day one of the leading real estate owners in the town. Besides the business block before men- tioned, he owns another block used for business purposes, and eight dwellings in different parts of the town. He was first married in 1863 to Annie Davis, of McVeytown, Mifflin county, Pa, This wife died in 1865, and in 1882 he married Mrs, Crewett, of Pluntingdon, Pa. With the exception of four years he has conducted his extensive business in the same room. He has held the position of councilman for four terms, at different times, and has always been a leading citizen of Renovo. JOHN E. HOULAHAN. John E. Houlahan, i)resent chief burgess of Renovo, was born and ed- ucated in Lock Haven. In 1880 he entered the machine shops of the P. & E. railroad at Renovo, and remained there until he had completed his trade. He was then appointed shipping clerk for the railroad com- pany; a position he has held for the past eight years. In February, 1892, he was elected by the Democratic party chief bur- gess of Renovo, Mr. Houlahan is a prominent member of the P. & E. Fire brigade, and secretary to J, R, Shuster, the chief engineer. He is a charter member 19 282 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. of the Father Matthew C. T. A. B. society, and a strong advocate of temperance. He has been manager of the Renovo base ball club for sev- eral years, and, under his management, the said club has won a reputa- tion of which it may well feel proud. In politics he is an uncompromising Democrat, and for the past ten years he has been a prominent worker in the ranks of his party. He has repeatedly represented his district at the county conventions, and has held various positions in his ward. Mr. Houlahan has been a total abstainer from youth, and it may be truthfully said of him that he has never touched, tasted or handled in- toxicating liquors. He has been three times elected president of the F. M. C. T. A. B. society, and has always been one of its most active work- ers. He has been closely identified with the temperance interests of Renovo for the last ten years, and his work in this line has resulted in much good. PATRICK H. MULVIHILL. Patrick H. Mulvihill was born April 20th, 1860, in Clare, Ireland. He was brought to America by his parents when an infant. The family settled at Youngwomanstown, (now North Bend) this county, in the summer of 1863, and removed to Renovo in 1865. He was educated in the public schools of Renovo, graduating from the Renovo High school Ai)ril 18th, 1873, standing first in its several classes. He entered the service of the Pennsylvania railroad company October 1st, 1873, and has been employed by that company since in clerical capacities, except for an interval of about a year and a half in 1888 and 1889, which was spent in the Lake Superior country. Mr. P. H, Mulvihill is engaged as chief clerk of the Middle division of the Pennsylvania railroad, with head- quarters at Renovo. He was elected school director in Renovo in the spring of 1882, being the youngest person ever elected to that position in the town. He served three years, and was re-elected in 1885, but resigned before the completion of the term of office on account of pressure of busi- ness. He has never held any other political office. He is a prominent member of the Father Matthew C. T. A. B. society, and at present its trei surer. J. H. KEPPERIvEY. J. H. Kepperley, present chief burgess of South Renovo, was born at Hopewell, Bedford county. Pa., April 1st, 1847. Nearly his whole life has been spent in railroading. Previous to coming to Renovo, in 1866, he was employed as fireman on the Broad Top railroad. After locating at Renovo, he was for a time brakemau on the P. & E. road, later fire- man on a freight, and then engineer. In June, 1874, he was promoted to his present position as engineer of a passenger train, between Renovo and Kane. Mr. Kepperley was first elected chief burgess in 1891, and re-elected in 1892, and is now serving his second term as chief burgess and school director. LOGANTON BOROUGH. THE lands upon which Loganton now stands was origi- nally surveyed to Dr. Casper Wistar, professor of anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. The tract con- tained several thousand acres. The Wistar lands were afterwards sold to other parties, the portion upon which Loganton now stands being purchased by John Kleckner, and they afterwards fell into the hands of his son, Colonel Anthony Kleckner, who laid out the village of Logansville in 1840. The name was afterwards changed to Loganton. The village was incorporated as a borough by an act of the grand jury, September 17th, 1869. The act was confirmed by the court January i8th, 1870, and the first election held February 1 2th, 1 870. The first officers of the borough were : Dr. Jonathan Moyer, chief burgess; J. L. Cole, Daniel Kar- stetter, Adam Huber, Samuel Stamm, J. F. Berry, council- men; George A. Achenbach, clerk; D. M. Morris, T. J. Berry, justices of the peace; Robert Karstetter, constable; Cornelius Karstetter, assessor; George A. Achenbach, Emanuel Heller, C. W. Conser, auditors. The present officers are: Chief burgess. Dr. J. A. Houtz; justices of the peace, W. F. Moyer, W. K. Berry; constable, M. Fietter- hoof; high constable, Peter Rishel; assessor, F. M. Gramly; tax collector, A. W. Herlacher; councilmen, D. M. Morris, H. S. Cole, John Gramly, George C. Bacon, John Brown; .school board, Dr. W. R. Goodman, E. E. Morris, Israel Bierly, John Brown, D. W. Reighard, J. B. Barner; auditors, F. F. Morris, M. E. Brewer, A. L. Heller. EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The first and present frame church was built in 1852, and in 1874 an addition was built to it. Since its organi- zation, March 4th, 1844, the following pastors have served the congregation: 1844-46, John M. Sindlinger; 1846-48, 284 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY, Daniel Kehr; 1848, Rev. Lindemann; 1863, M. Zuloup; 1864-66, Philip Wagner; 1866-68, Philip Graham; 1868-70, Z. Hornberger; 1870, John Heller; 1871-72, A. Longsdorf; 1873, E. Stambach; 1874, D. P. Rumberger; 1875-78, R. Young; 1878-81, D. P. Kline; 1881-84, J. G. M. Swengle; 1884-86, T. M. Morris, M. I. Jamison; 1886-88, C. H. Good- ling; 1888-89, P. C. Weidemeyer and E. L. Kessler; 1890, P. C. Weidemeyer and H. B. Barslinger; 1891, P. C. Wei- demeyer; 1892, F. P. Jarret. The pastor also preaches at the following places : Price's chapel, Bicksler's chapel, Mt. Pleasant, Mt. Zion, Green Grove, Booneville, Logan Mills and Tylersville. The Sunday school is largely attended and is in a flourishing condition. Present officers are: Superintendent, John Brown; assistant superintendent, Daniel Kister; secretary.WilliamGreninger; treasurer, F. M. Gramly; librarians, Adam Bierly and Mary Morris; organist, Mrs. Lizzie S. Morris; assistant. Miss Minnie Conser. The young folks have also organized a Christian Endeavor society, with some fifty members. LUTHERAN CHURCH. St. Paul's Lutheran and Reformed brick church was built in 1 85 1, and in 1882 was remodeled and improved. The Reformed pastors since 1851 have been: Jacob Zeh- ring, Daniel Tobias, J. F. Hoffmyer, W. H. Engle, W. H. Landis; at present supplied by Rev. J. R. Brown. Since 1864 the Lutheran pastors have been: 1864-68, Peter Gheen; 1868-70, J. H. Davidson; 1870-77, W. H. Gotwald; 1877-80, J. K. Bricker; 1880, J. K. Miller; 18S2- 88, E. Lenhart; 1888-91, E. E. Dietterich. The Sunday school has an average attendance of ninety, with the following officers: Superintendent, C. W. Conser; assistant superintendent, J. H. Boone; treasurer, D. K, Heckman; secretary, Miss Josie Karstetter; librarians, Cal- vin Karstetter and Mary Dow; organists, Grace Barner and Ida V. Royer. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 285 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Lc/ganton has three public schools. The public school building is a large two-story frame structure, containing three rooms and a town hall. The first board of directors were: Levi Conser, I. C. Smith, Michael Karstetter, John Reighard,W. F. Moyer, Henry Wirth. The present board are: Dr. W. R. Goodman, J. B. Earner, D. W. Reighard, E. -E. Morris, John Brown, Israel Bierly. The teachers for 1891 and 1892 were: W. R. Berry, grammar grade; H. G. Lupoid, intermediate grade; Miss Hattie R. Heller, primary grade. The following points concerning Sugar Valley were fur- nished us by Levi Conser: "The schools of Sugar Valley prior to 1840 were rather of a low grade, partly for want of competent teachers and a lack of intelligence on the part of the citizens of the valley, for it was thought sufficient if the boys could read and write and had a little knowledge of arithmetic ; as for the girls, it was said, what is the use of sending the girls to school ? If they can learn to read, that is all that is necessary ; writing was not considered necessary for girls. Grammar and geography were not taught in any of the schools prior to 1 840. The school books were few and of poor quality; Byerly's spelling book was the best school book of its kind. Pike's arithmetic was the only arithmetic then in use, and that was all £ s. d. (pounds shillings and pence). The Bible and Testament were com- mon reading books in the schools. The teachers that taught prior to 1840 were: Rev. Banky, Adam Wolf, Samuel Hetner, Samuel Bower, Walter Chatham and John Chatham. In 1840 we had four school houses in the valley, one in the east end of the valley, known as the Brungard school house one in Loganton, one near Logan Mills, and one at what is now Tylersville. There had been a log cabin school house where Loganton now is, but it had gotten so poor that it could not be used, so during the winter of 1838 and 1839 there was no school at Loganton. During the summer of 1839 Anthony Kleckner built a school house on his land in 286 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the town, and gave the use of his school house free of rent. During the winter of 1839 and 1840 Hiram Kline, of* Col- umbia county, taught in Loganton and Samuel Bower taught in the Brungard school house. During the winter of 1840 and 1 84 1 James Stevenson, of Porter township, Clin- ton county, taught the Loganton school and Samuel Bower taught the Brungard school. During the winter of 1841 and 1842 Levi Conser taught the Loganton school and Samuel Bower taught the Brungard school. Samuel Bower from that time on taught the Brungard school, until the adoption of the public school ; when that was adopted he would not teach any more. While the greater part of the state had accepted the public school system, Sugar Valley always voted "no school." The friends of the public school, finding there was no hope of getting their end accomplished by vote, George A. Achenbach, Dr. Jonathan Moyer, Anthony Kleckner and other friends of education, through the influence of Hon. George A. Achenbach, obtained from the Legislature of the state an act to establish a special school district, known as the Loganton school district. In designating its boundaries it was made large enough to con- tain territory for two schools — the Loganton school and the Wise school, one mile east of Loganton. The special district received all the back (or former) state appropria- tions, amounting to over ;S400, out of which the cost of the school house was then paid to Anthony Kleckner. The other part of the valley continued to vote "no school," until the school system was made general all over the state. The old prejudice against the free school has now passed away. For many years it was called the force school, and loud and bitter the complaints. But because they had to pay the taxes, they would send their children to school so as to get even, and the children got the benefit. So the force school had the effect of gettmg children into the school who otherwise would have gotten little or no schooling. Our schools in Sugar Valley are now supplied with as compe- tent teachers as those in any other part of the county. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 287 Thirty years ago we were obliged to employ at least nine- tenths of the teachers we needed from other parts of the county, but now we can furnish teachers enough to supply our schools who were born and raised in the valley. The teachers that taught in Sugar Valley after 1 840 up to 1 849 or 1850 were: Hiram Kline, of Columbia county; M. D. Rockey, of Logan township; James Stephenson, of Porter township; L. Conser. of Loganton; Oswald von Koenig, a Prussian, well educated in English and German; John McElarney, of Mifflinburg; A. L. Hatfield, of Lewisburg; Reuben McGee, of Centre county; Maldon Watson, of Por- ter township; William Banghart, of New Columbia; J. Q. Adams, of Sugar Valley ; J. A. Wilmot, of Bradford county. Sugar Valley is noted for the number of its churches, there being twelve church edifices in the valley proper and five on the mountain belonging to the valley, making seventeen churches. The denominations are: Lutheran, German Reformed, Evangelical, Dunkard and some United Brethren. The inhabitants of the town of Loganton March ist, 1839, were: George A. Achenbach (single man), merchant; Solo- mon Knarr, tailor; David Earner, laborer; James Wilson, shoemaker; David Gearhart, laborer; John Kitchen, retired farmer; Henry Wohlfort, tanner; Jacob Warner, black- smith; Peter Bierly, wagon maker; David Moyer, laborer. Sugar Valley was at that time a wonderful forest of white pine, but the sturdy farmer and the stump machine have done the work of cleaning up the valley." SUGAR VALLEY JOURNAL. The Sugar Y alley /ourna/, published by D, Scott Currin, launched into the newspaper world April 8th, 1S84, as a five-column folio, and published semi-monthly, and after- wards was enlarged to a seven -column folio, and published weekly. A job printing office is attached to it. The Journal is an independent paper, which furnishes all the local news of the county, and is a good advertising medium. Its circulation is daily increasing. Ihe Journal is an eight- 288 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. page paper, which has entered upon its seventh year, and bears evidence of prosperity and careful management, both editorially and otherwise. Mr. Currin was but eighteen years old when he embarked in journalism in Southern Clinton county, and was the youngest newspaper publisher in the state. The people of Sugar Valley have cause for entertaining pride in the Journal, which faithfully records the occurrences in the valley, and thus keeps its readers posted on matters which interest them locally. Mr. Currin, to whose energy is due the fact that Sugar Valley has such a bright and vigilant advocate and news medium, is a prac- tical printer, a concise writer, and an industrious worker, and is meeting with increasing success. J. R. HOUTZ, M D. LOGAMON, Pa. CORPORATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS. LOGANTON WATER COMPANY. LOGANTON WATER COMPANY was incorporated July 15th, 1861. The first officers were: President, James P. Berry; secretary. Dr. Jonathan Moyer; treasurer, William Smith; nui.nagers, George C. Breon, Daniel Reber, John Berry, Michael Karstetter and Jacob Keister. The present officers are: President, C. W. Conser; secretary, W. F. Moyer; treasurer, J. B. Earner; managers, C. W. Conser, W. P. Moyer, Dr. J. A. Houtz, Jacob Keister and J. J. Fiddler. The water is received from a never-failing spring near the sulphur spring, north of town. SUGAR VALLEY LODGE, NO. 829, I. O. O. F. Sugar Valley lodge, No. 829, I. O, 0. F., was instituted March 1st, 1873, by J. M. Messimer, of Renovo lodge. No. 595, with the following charter members: H. R. Achenbaeh, A. B. Conser, John Morris, Samuel Kahl, William F. Moyer, L. W. Dunn, D. M. Morris, B. F. Klepper, J, B. Earner and Daniel Mark. The present officers are: N. G., A. W. Herlacher; V. G., E, E. Her- lacher; treasurer, J. B. Earner; Per. Sec, W. F. Moyer, recording sec- retary, W. E. Conser; N. G. R. S., D. M. Morris; N. G. L. S., B. P. Klepper; warden, W. R. Berry; conductor, John Morris; chaplain, John Engle; O. G., John Brown; I. G., J. C. Berry; R. S. S., F. P. Morris; L. S. S., J. W. Lupoid. Its present membership is forty-one, and up to date it has not lost a member by death. SUGAR VALLEY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. A meeting was held at Logansville, March 18th, 1861, for the purpose of organizing a fire insurance company, at which time John E. Schrack was elected president, and J. E. Roush secretary. A charter was soon granted, and Joseph Snook appointed temporary president. The com- pany is conducted on the mutual plan, and has been in successful opera- tion since the date of its charter, and up to date of settlement, December 31st, 1891, there were fourteen assessments laid and paid $28,122 losses. They do not insure in towns, and only take $3,000 on one risk. Its operations were at first confined to Greene and Logan townships, but in 1862 were extended to Porter and Lamar, shortly afterwards to Wayne, Crawford and Dunnstable townships, and in 1872 were extended to Lycoming, Union, Snyder and Centre counties. Its presidents have been : 1861, Philip Wohlfort ; 1862 to 1873, W. A. Murray ; 1873 to 1892, General D. K. Heckman. Vice presidents, 1862 to 1873, General D. K. Heckman; 1873 to 1883, James P. Berry; 1883 to 290 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 1892. D. K. Heckman. Seceitaries, 1861 to 1863, J. E. Roush; 1863 to 1868, George A. Achenbach; 1883 to 1892, D. M. Morris. Treasurers, 1861 to 1877, Joseph Snook ; 1877, D. M. Morris, Samuel Stamm, George Wagner. The first board of directors was Joseph Caldwell, Joseph Snook, Gen- eral D. K. Heckman, John B. Schrack, Robert Kleckner, Philip Wohl- fort, William Bartges, John Heckman, Jr., Jacob Kahl, H. H. Pessler, George Brungard, Jacob Sankey. The present officers and directors are as follows: D. K. Heckman, president; Isaac Frantz, vice president; D. M. Morris, secretary; George Wagner, treasurer. Directors — D. K. Heckman, Clinton county; Philip Gramly, Clinton county; Robert Furst, Clinton county; A. N. Heckman, Clinton connty; Joseph W. Hubbard, Clinton county; Samuel Suiter, Clinton county; Isaac Frantz, Clinton county; S. L. Mull, Lycoming county; B, Zerby, Lycoming county; Adam Bartges, Centre county; S. L, Strohecker, Centre county; G. W. Himmelrich, Union county. POST NO. 379, DEPARTMENT OP PENNSYLVANIA, G. A. R. Post No. 379, Department of Pennsylvania, G. A. R., was instituted September 28th, 1883, by G. T. Michaels, of Post 122, assisted by Com- rades Austin Curtin, A. J. Spangler and others, and was named George W. Moyer post, in memory of a young Loganton soldier, son of Dr. Jonathan Moyer, who was shot in action at Thoroughfare Gap, Virginia. The following were elected officers of the post: William F. Moyer, post commander; Charles C. Harbach, senior vice commander; Robert H. Karstetter, junior vice commander; Daniel Keister, adjutant of post; Hiram L. Murray, Quartermaster of post; William C. Weber, officer of day ; John Berry, surgeon ; John H. Matter, chaplain ; Charles W. Con- ser, officer of guard ; Lewis F. Rockey, sergeant major; George B. Yea- ger, quartermaster sergeant; John A. Heller, ordinance officer. Present officers: Commander, William F. Moyer; senior vice com- mander, George B. Yeager; junior vice commander, Frank J. Boling; Adjutant, William C. Weber; quartermaster, John F. Rockey; surgeon, John B. Rumberger; chaplain, Charles W. Conser; officer of day, Isaac S. Duck; officer of guard, Jerry A. Fiddler; sergeant major, Daniel Keis- ter; quartermaster sergeant, Samuel C, Frankenberger. Following are the past post commanders in order of their rank: Wil- liam F. Moyer, William C. Weber, John F. Rockey and Charles W. Conser. The following is a list of the names and army record of service of soldiers resident in the borough of Loganton at this time: Second Lieutenant John Berry, Company G, 210th Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, served 9 months. Sergeant William C. Weber, Company B, Second Battalion, 16th Reg- iment United States Infantry, served 36 months. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 29 1 Sergeant Daniel Keister, Company D, 1st Pennsylvania Reserve Cavaliy, served 17 months. Corporal Robert H. Karstetter, Company B, 11th Pennsylvania Vol- unteer Infantry, served 44 months. Corporal Jeremiali A. Fiddler, Company G, 210th Pennsylvania Volun- teer Infantry, served 9 n)onths. Sergeant William P. Moyer. Company D, 1st Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry, served 46 months. Sergeant Charles W. Conser, Company D, 7th Reserve Volunteers. Private George B. Yeager, Company D, 203d Pennsylvania Volun- teers, served 9 months. Private Paul Greninger, Company G, 49th Pennsylvania Volunteers, served 12 months. Corporal Henry Wren, Company K, 143d Pennsylvania Volunteers, served 20 months. Private George Tibbens, Company E, 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Private Emanuel Huber, Company G, 210th Pennsylva*nia Volunteers, served 9 months. Team-ter John Ludwig, Company G, 210th Pennsylvania Volunteers, served 9 months. Private Jonathan Snyder, Company G, 210th Pennsylvania Volunteers served 9 months. Private Isaac Knepp, Company D, 11th Michigan Volunteers. Private John A. Heller, Company C, 210th Pennsylvania Volunteers served 9 months. Private Isaac S. Duck, Company P, 195th Pennsylvania Volunteers, served 9 months. Present meetings of post are first and third Saturdays in each month at 2.30 o'clock p. m. LOGANTON CORNET BAND. Loganton cornet band was organized July 20th, 1886 ; chaitered Sep- tember, 1886, with the following members: H. B. Karstetter, T, T. Parker, S. W. Snyder, J. C. Goodman, E. E. Herlacher, Pierce Zellers John Womeldorf, M. E. Breon, P. M. Gramly. P. G. Berry, A.J. Breon' P. P. Morris, Elmer Morris, W. H. Smith and Prank Moyer. The first oflicers were: President, P. G. Berry; secretary, P. M. Gramly; treasurer, P. P. Morris; leader, J. M. Stover. The present officers are: President, J. A. Houtz; vice president, A. L. Hel!er; secretary, P. M. Gramly; treasurer, Samuel Stamm; trustees W. P. Moyer, J. C. Berry, W. R. Goodman, D. L. Stamm and J. Earner. p. 0. S. OF A. Washington camp. No. 203, P. 0. S. of A., was instituted in 1872, and re-chartered in 1881, but has lately been abandoned. 292 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. LOGAN HOUSE. The only hotel in the borough of Loganton is the Logan house, owned by Peter Meitzler, and run at the present time by Mrs. R. W. Cole. The Logan house is quite a prominent summer resort, and is generally thronged with guests during the summer months. The house itself is a commodious frame structure, pleasantly located near the celebrated sulphur springs. Under the management of Mrs. Cole and her son, Harry, the Logan house has become quite popular. All guests receive the best of treatment. The tables are supplied at all times with the best the season affords. The best of wines and liquors are constantly kept on hand, and everything meets the requirements of a first-class hotel. PROMINENT MEN OF LOGANTON. GENERAL D. K. HECKMAN. GEN. D. K. HECKMAN was born on the Heckman homestead, near Loganton, September 23tl, 1823. He received a limited education in the public schools of his day. He was married January 4th, 1849. to Elizabeth Kline,of Gregg township, Centre county. Pa. By this marriage he became the father of two sons, J. Kline and Isway Heckman, and two daughters, namely: Regina, married to R. W, A. Jamison, and Minerva, now the wife of W. H. Smith. General Heckman's first wife died February 11th, 1870, and he was again married March 14th, 1874, to Hannah Slear, of Forest Hill, Union county. Pa. General D. K. Heck- man is one of Sugar Valley's most su*bstantial and prosperous citizens. Politically, he is a Democrat. He has held various township offices, but would never allow his name to be used as a candidate for other than a local office. He is at present president of the Sugar Valley Mutual Fire Insurance company, and has been a member of the company since its organization. Mr. Heckman now owns and tills the Heckman home- stead, a fine farm of 300 acres, located one-fourth of a mile west from the town of Loganton. LEVI CONSER. Levi Conser, one of the oldest and most prominent citizens of Sugar Valley, was born in Washington township, Lycoming county. Pa., July 28th, 1819. His father, John Conser, moved to Rebersburg, Centre county. Pa., in 1822. Here Levi Conser received such an education as the time and place afforded. At the age of nineteen he started in the tailoring business at Loganton, Pa. He next purchased a half interest in two country stores, one at Loganton, and the other at Logan Mills. Later he sold out his interest in the stores, and bought from his brother. Rev. S. L. M. Conser, a one-third interest in the steam saw mill, located at Dunnstown. When the panic of 1857 came, the firm gave up business. Levi Conser returned to Loganton and began farming on the lands of his father-in-law, Anthony Kleckner, He followed farming until the death of Colonel Kleckner. He next secured the mail route from Salona to Sugar Valley. The surplus income he invested in a confectionery; the investment was profitable. In 1863 he found himself possessed of a stock of goods fully paid, and $650 in cash. He then visited Philadelphia, and with his capital, and help of friends, returned to Loganton with over $3,000 worth of merchandise. He remained in the mercantile business for a period of over twenty-five years, carrying with him, through his whole business career, a reputation for honesty and integrity not ex- 294 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. celled by any man. Levi Consor was for fourteen years of his life a Democrat, but never agreed with his party on the subject of tariff. He continued a protective tariff Democrat until slavery became a political question, when, failing to agree with his party, he Joined the Republican ranks. He never held or asked for an office. He has been an earnest friend to the Sunday school cause, and in May, 1840, established, at Loganton, the first Sunday school in Sugar Valley. He served as justice of the peace for many years, being elected to the office the first time Defore he was twenty five years of age. He has always been greatly interested in school matters, and desirous of securing for his family the full benefit of a first-class education. One of his sons is now a professor in the Central Pennsylvania college at New Berlin, Union county. Pa., and an- other. Dr. T. C. Conser, is a practicing physician of Salona, Clinton county. Pa. Honored and respected by his fellow men, Levi Conser still lives, and aids according to his ability every good cause. J. A. HOUTZ, M. D. * Dr. J. A. Houtz was born at Lemont, Centre county, Pa , in 1846. He was educated in the public schools and at Pine Hall and Boalsburg academies. In 1867 he began the study of medicine with Dr. S. L. Van Valza, then a resident physician of Boalsburg, Centre county, Pa. In 1868 he entered Jefferson Medical college, at Philadelphia, and graduated from there in March, 1871. For a short time after his graduation he followed the practice of his profession at Snow Shoe, Pa. In December, 1871, he located at Loganton, where he has remained ever since, with the exception of on^ year spent in Philadelphia. Dr. Houtz is a radical Republican, but takes no active part in politics outside of local affairs. He has served several terms as school director of Loganton, and a num- ber of terms as chief burgess, and is filling the latter position at the pres- ent time. He is a single man, and makes his home at the Lngan house. Dr. Houtz is considered one of the leading physicians of Clin- ton county, and has always been very successful in his chosen profession. He and his partner, Dr. W. R. Goodman, are the only resident physicians within the limits of Sugar Valley. W. R. GOODMAN, M. D. Dr. W. R. Goodman was born April 9th, 1851. He is a son of George Goodman, one of the old settlers of Sugar Valley. Dr. Goodman re- ceived his early education in the public schools of Loganton, and later attended select school at Salona. He also spent one year at the Blooms- burg Normal school, and eighteen months at Union seminary, now Cen- tral Pennsylvania college, at New Berlin, Pa. After leaving school he taught four terms at Loganton. After a season spent in traveling through the Western states, he entered the store of Witmer & Co., at Lo- ganton, where he clerked for one year. He then entered the office of Dr. J. A. Houtz, and read medicine for one year, after which he entered W. R. GOODMAN, iW, D. LOGANTON, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 295 Jefferson Medical college, where lie remained until lie graduated, in March, 1880. After his graduation he located at Reedsville, Mifflin county, Pa., and later located at Rebersburg. After a season spent in the latter place he removed to Loganton. and entered into partnership with Dr. J. A. Houtz, and has continued the same up to the present time. Dr. Goodman was married, in 1880, to Anna M. McCloskey, daughter of Ab- ner McCloskey, of Be^ch Creek. They have two sons. Politically Dr. Goodman is a Democrat. He has several times been elected chief burgess of Loganton. and is now filling his second term as school director. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Odd Fellows. He owns a handsome brick residence in the borough of Loganton, where he resides. JOHN BERRY. John Berry was born in Logan township, then Centre county, March 8th. 1827. His father was William K. Berry, one of the first settlers of Sugar Valley. John Berry received his education in the common schools. At eighteen years of age he learned the mason and stone cutting trade, which he followed for fifteen years. For about three years he kept hotel in Loganton, in one of the first buildings erected in the town. He then went to Potters Mills, Centre county. Pa., where he kept hotel for one year. From there he entered the army, enlisting in Company G, 210th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, August 24th, 1864, serving until he was mustered out of service, at Arlington Heights, Va., May 30th, 1865. He then returned to Loganton, where his family then resided, and again went into the hotel business at the same stand. After following this business for a time he entered the lumber business, which he followed for fifteen years. Li April of 1889 he was appointed postmaster by President Harrison, to succeed D. M. Morris, During his military service Mr. Berry was Second Lieutenant of Company G. He has filled various bor- ough offices, serving five years as constable and four years as supervisor. Mr. Berry was married in 1847 to Catharine Morris, a daughter of David R. Morris, and a sister of John and Daniel Morris, now residents of Lo- ganton. They have had six children, four now livhig. One of his daugh- ters is married, and now a resident of Oregon. Another is married, and lives in Johnsonburg, The other two, one daughter and the son, reside in Loganton. Mr. Berry has served as postmaster of Loganton under Lincoln's and also Grant's administration. JOHN MORRIS. John Morris was born in Berks county, Pa., September 16th, 1835. He came to Sugar Valley in 1838. In early life he learned the weaving trade, and for a time followed weaving homespun goods for clothing. He received a common school education, and at the age of eighteen years began an apprenticeship at the carpenter trade. He was married February 8th, 1858, to Jane E. Wirth, a daughter of Henry Wirth. 296 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. They had five children, two of whom are dead. Those living are Henri- etta, wife of John Brown, and Emma and Sallie, who reside with their parents, Mr. Morris was, for a number of years, extensively engaged in lumbering. In 1877 he purchased the Loganton grist mill, and in 1890 greatly improved the same by converting it into a roller mill. J. H. BOONE. J. H. Boone was born in New Berlin, Union county. Pa., August 31st, 1840. His father, Benawell Boone, located where Booneville now stands, over fifty years ago. In early life Mr. Boone attended the common schools of Logan township, and prepared himself for the profession of teaching, which he began in 1860. He followed the profession for five years. He then learned the plastering trade, which he followed during the summer months for several years. He then began the marketing business, which he followed for over twenty-five years. Mr. Boone and his two brothers were instrumental in securing the postoflice at Boone- ville during the time Hon. George A. Achenbach was in the Legis- lature. They requested him to use his influence in the matter, and he advised them to fill out the petition, leaving the name of the office a blank. When the papers were returned, they saw the worthy gentleman had played a joke on them, and placed the name of Booneville where they had left the blank. From this time on the office and village was called Booneville, in honor of the first settler and his sons, Mr, Boone removed to Loganton in 1887, In 1888 he was elected constable of the borough, an office he has filled ever since. He was for several years justice of the peace for Logan township. J. 11. Boone was married in 1862 to Rebecca Renninger, of Green township. They have three children living. Their eldest son is a useful citizen, and a member of the Green township school board. Their. second son, Harry E. Boone, was born blind. In 1889 Harry entered the institution for the blind in Philadelphia, where he in- tends taking a seven years' course; although not one-half of his term has yet expired, he is now able to use the pen and type writer with almost perfect skill. The other child is a daughter, who resides with her parents, Mr, Boone owns a neat and cozy home in Loganton, where he resides, and a farm in Green township. He is a substantial and useful citizen, and a friend of education and improvement. J. K. HECKMAN. J. K, Heckraan, one of the successful farmers and Democrats of Green township, was born near Loganton, March 3d, 1853, He received his education in the public schools, and at MillersviUe Normal school. In 1876 he went to the West and spent some time traveling through the different western states with the idea of locating, but seeing no place that he liked better than his own green vale, he returned and purchased the large and valuable farm upon which he now resides, Mr, Heckman was married in 1883 to Delia Cole, a daughter of Mrs. R, W. Cole, of PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 29/ Loganton. J. K. Heckmaii is a son of General D. K. lleckraan, one of the most respected and useful citizens of Sugar Valley. Kline, as he is always called, is an uncompromising Democrat, and one of the leading politicians of his section. The fine farm upon which J. K. Heckman resides is located about one mile west of the borough of Loganton. He has surrounded himself witii all the comforts of farm life, and enjoys his blessings as an honest man should. C. W. CONSER. C. W. Conser was born May 31st, 1841. He is a son of Levi Conser. He received his early education in tiie public schools. He served several years as an apprentice in the cabinet making shop of John F. Sloan at Lock Haven. In April, 18G1, he entered the army, enlisting in Company D, 7lh Regiment, Penn'^ylvania Volunteers. After serving eighteen months he returned home, and was made enrolling officer of his district. 1 n the autumn of 1864 he again enlisted, and served in the 303d Regiment, until mustered out of service at Philadelphia in June, I860. After the war he returned to Loganton, and followed his trade for about ten years. He then started a confectionery store and barber shop. He also followed the marketing business for a time. C. W. Conser was married Decem- ber, 1864, to Margaret Gheen, of Nippenose valley. They have two children, one son and one daughter, both married and residing at Loganton. Mr. Conser was elected and served one term as justice of the peace, being elected in February, 1885. He is at present conducting a novelty store, which he started a short time ago. 20 BEECH CREEK BOROUGH. NEARLY all the land now occupied by the borough of Beech Creek formerly belonged to a tract surveyed, in 1769, to Lieutenant Wiggin. It is located on the east side of Beech creek, extending one mile back from the mouth of the stream. The tract was originally covered with a heavy growth of oak, hickory, pine and poplar timber. In 1842 the best of the oak was taken off by John Nestlerode, Solomon Strong and William Parsons. The lumber was used for mounting cannon and manufacturing of artillery wagons. The credit of starling the town belongs to Michael Quigley, who about the year 181 2 bought thirty acres of the Wiggin's tract, and erected a grist mill, which is still in use, now owned by Furst, Hess & Co., and Proctor Myers- Michael Quigley built a dwelling about the same time, a part of which was used for a store ; the first person using it for that purpose being Buck Claffin, father of Mrs. Victoria WoodhuU. The same room was afterwards occupied by George Furst and Henry Gast. Furst withdrew from the firm, and Gast afterwards sold out to Cline Quigley and Andrew White. George Furst bought a lot from Michael Quigley, on the corner of Main and Harrison streets, and erected a frame building, which he used as a store until 1879, when he erected the large two-story brick storeroom, which is now occupied by George D. Hess as a store room. Quigley & White remained in business, in partnership, for a time in a building erected by Quigley, a kw rods west of the grist mill. The firm dissolved, and White built a room a few rods west of the one erected by Quigley, which he occupied as a store. Quigley remained in the same room until 1850, when he rented to Houzeal & Miller, of Jersey Shore, This firm failed in 1852. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 299 The same room was then occupied by Silas Hess until 1856. In 1866 Silas Hess and S. Mobley bought out Cline Quigley. They sold to Henry Berry, Charles Cade and Daniel Bitner, in 1871. These parties were succeeded in 1875 by Cline Quigley, who kept a grocery until 1879. The same room was occupied by George Furst & Son during the erection of the brick structure, and after they left it Quigley again held possession for a time. He finally sold out to Johnston & Bergner. The building then burned and was never rebuilt. Andrew White occupied the room he built in 1848 until 1856, when he gave up business and moved on a farm in Bald Eagle township. He sold his store to Silas Hess, who sold to Thomas & Mason. Richard Berryhill then pur- chased the place, and occupies it at the present time. In 1865 John McGhee built a store room, and started a store. He sold to Thomas & Mason; afterwards changed to Thomas & Co. In 1868 they sold to Brown, Hastings & Co. This firm occupied the room until 1872, when they gave up business. The same room was next occupied by J. S. Hall and William Bitner; next by John W. Cook. In 1880 John McGhee again took possession of the place, and opened a general store, which he is now conducting. In 1869 B. & J. Liggett purchased a lot from Solomon Strong, and erected thereon a large frame store room, and opened a general store. In 1873 ^- Liggett sold his interest to S. Mobley and E. K. Parsons. The name of the firm was J. Liggett & Co. After doing business for several years the firm failed. The same room used by J. Liggett & Co. was then oc- cupied by John Mobley, H. F. Mobley and S. Mobley. This store is now conducted by Mobley & Hall. H. H. Berry and Charles Cade erected a store room on the opposite side of the street from the Liggett building in 1875. These parties conducted a general store for a time, but finally failed. The room used by them is now used as a store room by George Williams, 300 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. In 1852 B. Klapp purchased Houzeal & Miller's lumber establishment, and started a store. They sold in 1854 to A. Shonce, S. Saylor and Israel Day. These parties con- ducted the mercantile business at the same stand until i860, when they built the store room in the east end of the borough, now owned by Joseph W. Merrey. They did business in the new room under the firm name of Buckley, Saylor & Co. until 1868, when the lumber firm changed to Saylor, Day & Morey. The firm of Hess, Knecht & Miller then conducted the store on a large scale until the failure of Saylor, Day & Morey, which catastrophe threw the mercan- tile firm into bankruptcy. These were all the stores ever kept in the borough of Beech Creek. In 18 14 Michael Quigley built a fulling mill south of the grist mill. At that time these two mills were the only man- ufacturing establishments in the village. The next industry was the saw mill erected by Quigley & White. Both the fulling mill and the saw mill were used several years, and then allowed to go into decay. In 1839 Solomon Strong came from New York state, and began the manufacture of fanning mills on a large scale. These mills soon became quite popular. They found a ready sale all over Pennsylvania, and many were shipped by boat to Maryland. In 1846 George Furst and L. G. Andrews erected a factory for the manufacture of fanning mills. They followed the business for many years. G. Q. Williams and S. C. Keyes & Son also followed the business for a time, after Furst & Andrews had given up manufac- turing. These were the leading manufacturing establishments of the borough, even up to the present time, outside of the lumber industries. About 1837 John Orner .started a tailor shop in the build- ing now occupied by Roland Gunsaullis as a dwelling. Ashur Packer built a small tannery about the .same time; John Packer built a blacksmith shop ; Samuel Clark, a cooper shop ; John I. Packer started a shoemaker shop in PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 30I 1843, which business was afterwards carried on by James Council, D. W. Council, John McGhee, William Sterling, H. H. Berry, George Wensel, Nelson Caldwell and William Trexler. About 1853 Cline Quigley and Andrew White built a saw mill south of the grist mill. This mill was operated until 1858. In 1850 Houzeal & Miller erected the first circular saw mill on Beech creek. In 1852 they sold out to Klapp & Knarr, who run the mill until 1854, when they sold to Shonce, Saylor & Co. This firm erected a large water mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1865. The firm rebuilt the mill in 1868, and added a planing mill. The mill was run until the failure of the firm in 1876. It was the leading in- dustry of the Bald Eagle valley, and in fact we might say it made the borough of Beech Creek. The industry gave em- ployment to a great many persons. After the firm failed every laboring man was paid in full. The mill was sold to Hon. Joseph Merrey, and by him torn down and removed. M. E. CHURCH. The M. E. church was organized in 1833, and a small church built in 1834, at the western border of the borough. The first class leader was David Crouse. The Methodists occupied the building regular, and the Presbyterians occa- sionally until 1868, when it was sold to John Nestlerode, and afterwards torn down. Its site is now occupied by the dwelling of Mrs. Jane Romick. Many of the most eminent preachers of that day have occupied the pulpit of that little church, and in it the aged Dr. Benjamin Hamilton preached his first sermon. In 1868 the same congregation erected a large building on a lot purchased from Samuel Clark, at a cost of about ;^9,ooo, which was entirely completed in 1873. Rev. J. W. Langley, then stationed at Lock Haven, preached the dedicatory sermon. Since then the pastors have been : 1868 to 1870, Thomas F. McClure; 1870 to 1873, J- W. Buckley; 1873 to 1875, J. Foster Bell; 1875 to 1876, John 302 PAST AlSfD I^RESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Z.Lloyd; 187610 1878, Elisha Butler; 1878, Bruno Graham and Charles Buck; 1879 to 1882, T. S. Faus; 1882, M. P. Crosthwaite; 1882 to 1885, Owen Hicks; 1885 to 1887^ Elish Shoemaker; 1887 to 1890, George E. King; 1890 to 1891, N. B. Smith. The present board of trustees are: John Liggett, Ira N. McCloskey, H. C. Williams, W. P. Bullock and C. C. Quay. This church has kept up a Sunday school for the last fifty years; most of the time the whole year round, and at the present time the school is in a flourishing condition. The present superintendent is Ira N. McCloskey. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Most of the early settlers of the borough were Presby- terians, the Quigleys, Leitchs, Clarks, Fearons and Hayses, but they had no organized congregation here until about 1868. Some associated themselves with the church at Jacksonville, Centre county, and others at Mill Hall; but they had preaching in the borough every four weeks for many years from the pastors of those two churches. The first preachers were : Daniel Barber, Samuel Cooper, William Gibson, from Jacksonville, and William Doolittle and others from Mill Hall. The church was organized in 1868, and for a time supported a pastor; Revs. Warrington, Vancickle Bunstein and Hawthorn up to 1881. Since that time the church has been associated with the church at Mill Hall. The congregation sustained and kept up a Sunday school ever since the organization of the church. The present superintendent is George D. Hess, who has been an active Sunday school worker ever since the organization of the school. The first school house erected within the limits of Beech Creek borough was a log building, erected on what is now called Leyden's Corner. In 1832, after the adoption of the public school system, another was erected at the west end of the borough. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 303 In 1856 a graded school building was erected, and in 1866 the house was remodeled and enlarged, and is still in use. The business of Beech Creek borough to-day is two shoe- maker shops, run by W. F. Berry and Jerome Antis; one meat market, conducted by Williams & Pollock; one sad- dler shop, run by James Pollock. The only hotel in the town is the Lingle house, kept by George W. Lingle. This house is well kept, and run on the temperance plan. Mr. Lingle also runs a livery, sale and exchange stable in connection with the hotel. The general merchandise business is carried on by John McGhee, George D. Hess, Albert Bergner, George Williams and Messrs. Mobley & Hall. The Beech Creek postofifice was established in 1832, with Michael Quigley as postmaster. The office was then called Quigley's Mills. The office was afterwards moved to Eagle- viile, and for a time Joseph Bomgardner was postmaster. In 1840 the office was returned to Beech Creek, and given its present name. Austin Leonard was then appointed postmaster, and the office was located in the store of George Furst. In 1853 Joseph Brownlee was appointed post- master. He held the office until 1861, when C. Bolmger became postmaster. He was succeeded by V. S. Smith, who in his turn was succeeded by C. R. Keyes. In 1888 M. L. Packer succeeded Mr. Keyes, and retained the office during the administration of President Cleveland. Mr. Packer resigned in favor of V. S. Smith, who held the office until he was succeeded by E. H. Hastings, present post- master. Mr. Hastings is a very courteous and popular gen- tleman, and makes one of the most efficient postmasters Beech Creek borough has ever had. For many years the town of Beech Creek flourished. The merchants did a rushing business. The failure of the lumber industry sadly effected the place, and to-day the town, while in a flourishing condition, is not what might be termed a business centre of any great importance. BIOGRAPHIES. PROFESSOR ISAAC A. HARVEY, A. M. Ph. D. PROFESSOR ISAAC A. HARVEY was born iit Salona, Clinton county, Pa., November 30th, 1850. He is a son of the late Dr. George C. Harvey, and a brother of H. T. Harvey, Esq., of Look Haven. Professor Harvey received his early education in the schools of Lock Haven, his parents having moved to the town when he was but five years old. In 1868 he entered Bethany college, West Virginia, where he remained until he graduated, in 1872, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He next entered the law office of his brother, H. T. Harvey, where he re- mained until he completed his law studies, in 1874. Owing to ill-health he did not apply for admission to the bar. When the Central State Normal school was opened, in 1877, Professor Harvey was elected teacher of Greek, Latin, History and Literature. The following year he was ap- pointed professor of Latin and History in the Pennsylvania State college. Sickness prevented him from accepting th» position. He was offeied other positions in different educational institutions, but accepted none. In 1880 he was elected principal of the Beech Creek schools. In 1881 he was an unsuccessful candidate lor county superintendent. During the year 1881 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Bethany college. About this time he began interesting himself in the geological profession, which he has followed up until the present time with the greatest success. In 1887 Butler university at Indianapolis confei-red upon him the degree of Ph. D., in recognition of his skill and reputation as a geologist. Professor Harvey was married in 1883 to Mary E. Devling, of Beech Creek. His reputation as a geologist has gone abroad, and his services have been required in other states and territories. His chief work in this state has been the locating of lire clay, iron ore and coal. On one occasion he spent several months in Sonora, Mexico, investigating the mineral wealth of that section. Professor Harvey is now a resident of Beech Creek, where he is highly respected. He is a trustee and elder in the Disciple church of Eagleville, and a school director of Beech Creek borough. WILLIAM MONTGOMERY. William Montgomery was born in Philadelphia, October 6th, 1815. He remained in Philadelphia until 1839. He then enlisted in the marine service of the United States, shipped aboard theman-ofwarBrandywine in July, 1840, and cruised in the Mediterranean sea for two years, Mor- rocco being their headquarters during the greater part of the time. The ports of London, Marsailles, Gibraltar, Naples, Genoa, Leghorn, Pompeii WILLIAM MONTGOMERY, Beech Creek, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 305 and many others were visited. In 1843 Mr. Montgomery caine home, and was again sent to the Mediterranean, returning the same year. In 1848 he received an honorable discharge. He then followed cabinet making until December, 1844, when he again entered the marine service, and was transferred to the sloop-of-war John Adams, and went to Pensecola and Vera Cruz. The John Adams cruised in the Gulf of Mexico until the breaking out of the Mexican war. At the time of the battle of Palo Alto the John Adams was within hearing of the sound of strife. The men were landed and sent to the assistance of General Taylor, When General Scott arrived before Vera Cruz Mr. Montgomery belonged to the division sent to assist in storming the fortifications surrounding the city. After the city was captured he was returned, with General Worth's com- pany, to the vessels, and for a time was under the command of Commo- dore Perry. After cruising for a time the yellow fever broke out in the John Adams, and the men were transferred to the Saratoga, and from there Mr. Montgomery was transferred to the gunboats. He was pro- moted to orderly sergeant and sent to Pensecola, and from thence to Washington, where he was discharged, August 6th, 1848. At the break- ing out of the Civil war he lived at Osceola, Pa. Although beyond the age military service was required, he enlisted in Captain Richards' company, Independent Cavalry. August 5th, 1861. After serving in this company until January, 1862, he was transferred to the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry until June 6th of same year, when he was discharged on account of sickness. After recruiting his health he again enlisted, August Slh, 1862, in Company H, 148th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He followed the fortunes of that company until February, 1863, when, by reason of disability, he was discharged. After returning home, and once more regaining his health, the echoes of Grant's campaign reached his ears. HI health, old age and all were forgotten, and August 27th, 1864, he once more enlisted in the same company he had left, February 28th, 1863, and fought in its battles and endured its hardships until June 6th, 1865, when he once more secured an honorable discharge and retired to private life. It would take a volume to give a complete sketch of the life of this veteran. Space only permits us to make but a slight mention of his military career. Mr. Montgomery now resides in Beech Creek. He is yet a hale old man. He is proud of his military life, as any man might be who can boast of such a record. Through all his stirring life he has never drank spirituous liquors or used tobacco in any form. JOHN McGHEB. John McGhee came to reside within what is now the borough of Beech Creek in 1848. The first two years he spent with D. W. Council as an apprentice to the shoemaking trade. After that he purchased the shop which was located where the dwelling house of Richard Berryhill now stands, and continued at the same business until 1863. In 1852 he pur- chased the first lot sold by Solomon Sti-ong, and in 1854 erected a dwell- ing house on the same, in which he still resides. He was elected one of 306 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the Beech Creek auditors in 1851, and was one of the first auditors of Beech Creek township. He was continued in the auditor's office for fifteen years, and continued on after the borough was organized, in 18G9. He has held the offices of school director, overseer of the poor, town council and chief burgess at various times. Although never having the means or the opportunity of obtaining any education, except that which he picked up in a few months of common school, he has by close applica- tion obtained a fair education. At the age of about twenty-six years he was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected seven titles. In 18G3 he enlisted in the 183d Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in Philadelphia, but could not pass the examination on account of defect in speech. In the same year he enlisted in the 38th Regiment of Pennsylvania Troops, and served until the emergency men were discharged. On April 1st, 1866, he was appointed by Buckley, Saylor & Co., superintendent of all their logging operations, which position he held for over ten years. In the fall of 1881 he purchased the wood on 200 acres of land on Beech creek; put thirty men to cutting cord wood for charcoal, and by A\m], 1882, had about 6,000 cords cut. He then commenced with fifteen men to burn the coal, and ten teams to haul, and by the close of the season of 1882 had 209,000 bushels of coal delivered to the furnaces at Howard and ]Mill Hall. In 1885 he built a saw mill at Mill Hall, afterwards add- ing lath, paling and shingle machines to it, and in 1891 put in a box factory, and is now manufacturing all the boxes used by the axe factories at that place. He signed the pledge when the old Washingtonian Tem- perance organization was made in Beech Creek, and has been an active worker in the cause of temperance for over fifty years, and though ad- vanced in age, is still actively engaged in business. In 1890 Mr. McGhee was elected one of the county auditors, and remains in the position at the present time. GEORGE D. HESS. George D. Hess was born at Easton, Pa., May 28th, 1843. He received a common school education, and at the age of fifteen years accepted a clerkship in a grocery store, where he remained three years. From Eas- ton he went to Hickory Run, Carbon county. Pa., where, for two years, he was employed as book keeper by a lumber firm. He returned to Eas- ton, and at the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania went out in the 5th Regiment, Pennsylvania militia. He returned to Easton, and soon after came to Beech Creek. For a time he engaged in the lumber and mercantile business with the firm of Hess, Knecht & Miller, and after- wards continued in business with the firm of Furst, Hess & Co. For the past three years he has been doing business under his own name. George D. Hess was married, in 1868, to Annie Purst, daughter of George Furst, of Beech Creek. They have four children, three daughters and one son. Mr. Hess is a director of the Lock Haven Trust and Safe Deposit com- pany, and was for many years a director of the First National bank of Lock Haven. He is a prominent member of the Presbyterian church, and has been superintendent of the Presbyterian Sunday school for the past fifteen years. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 307 JOHN LIGGETT. .]ohn Liggett was born in Howai-d township, (now Liberty,) Centre county, Pa., April 2bth, 1834. After receiving a common school educa- tion he entered Dickinson seminary, where he received higher educational advantagt s. He also took a commercial course at Iron City college, Pittsbiirg, Pa. In 1856 he went to Ohio, where he remained two years; then returned to the east and followed farming and lumbering for ten years. He gave up farming in 18G8 and moved 10 Beech Creek town. From 1870 to 1875 he was engaged iu the mercantile business. Since 1875 he has followed lumbering and contracting, one of his contracts being tlie building of the public road from Beech Creek to Renovo, in 1887. In April, 1890, he was commissioned justice of the peace for the borough of Beech Creek. Mr. Liggett was married, December 25th, 1857, to Hannah D. Longshore, of Nashville, Ohio. John Liggett is quite a hunter, and while enjoying this favorite sport has met with ac- cidents which, on two occasions, came near costing him his life. F. P. TREXLER. F. P. Trexler was born at Jersey Shore, Pa., July 13th, 1846. In 1852 the Trexler family moved to Beech Creek, whei-e Mr. Trexler was edu- cated in the public schools. In 1862 he began an apprenticeship at tlie shoemaker trade with his father. Pe followed the trade for sixteen years. In 1878 he went to Ohio, but returned to Beech Creek in 1880. In 1882 he entered the store of Furst, Hess & Co., as clerk, and has held the position ever since. Mr. Trexler was married in August, 1867, to Clara Burchard, of Rathbonville, Steuben county, N. Y. His wife died in 1868, and in July, 1870, he was again married to Josephine Stout, of Beech Creek. F. P. Trexler is a prominent Democrat. He has frequently been requested to become a candidate for sheriii, and on one occasion did allow his name to be used, but withdrew before the nomination. He has been school director for the borough of Beech Creek two terras, and a member of council one term. JAMES CLARK. 'Squire James Clark was born in what is now Beech Creek borough, July 26th, 1821. He received his education in the common schools of that day. During the early part of his life he followed farming. At the age of twenty years he studied surveying, an occupation he has followed ever since. In 1862 he was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected every five .years since. Mr. Clark was married, in 1850, to Rebecca Ann Quiggle, a daughter of Nicholas Quiggle, of Beech Creek township. They have had seven children, four sons and three daughters, all living. His sons are William Q., Robert H., Harry B. and James M. Clark. His daughters are Frances E., Josephine and Carrie B. William Q. and Frances E, are married. 'Squire Clark has been chief burgess of Beech Creek borough for the past ten years. His father was William Clark, who settled in what is now Beech Creek township over one century ago. 308 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. J. S. HALL. J. S. Hall was born in Beech Creek township, in 1852. He is a son of Samuel Hall. After receiving a good common school education he en- tered ihe Millersville Normal school, where he remained three years. He entered the mercantile business in 1874, at Beech Creek, and followed the said business until 1881. He then engaged as traveling salesman for Landis & Co., of Philadelphia, and has been in the employ of that firm ever since. Mr. Hall was married in March, 1875, to Sarah B. Owens, of Birmingham, Pa. He has filled the various offices of the borough at different times, and is at present a progressive member of the school board. Politically he is a Republican. He is a prominent member of the I. 0. 0. F., and a useful citizen of the town of Beech Creek. H. H. MOTHERSTAUGH, M. D. Dr. H. H. Motherstaugh was born January 22d, 1841, at Holidajs- burg, Blair county, Pa. When but a child the family moved to Lewis- town, Pa., where the subject of this sketch received his early education. He afterwards attended the Pine Grove Mills academy, and received higher educational training at the Pennsylvania State college. In 1874 he read medicine with Dr. C. W. Fisher, of Boalsburg, after which he entered the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and graduated from there in March, 1877, and located at Beech Creek the same year. Dr. Mothers- taugh was married September, 1878, to Susan Hartswick, of Boalsburg, Pa. He is the father of two childi'en. He has been a prominent resident of Beech Creek since 1877, and is at present the leading physician in the town. He has held the various oflices of the borough at different times, and was for twelve years a member of the school board. He is a man of progressive ideas, and during the time he filled the latter position he did much to raise the standard of the schools of Beech Crock borough. M" MILL HALL BOROUGH. LL HALL borough is situated at nearly the south- east end of Bald Eagle township, on both sides of Fishing creek, about one and one-half miles from its mouth. The first settler of whom we have any note was the pioneer Nathan Harvey, who came from the vicinity of Philadelphia in 1798, and built a log cabin where the Mill Hall drug store now stands. Mr. Harvey, recognizing the importance of the site, being the outlet of two valleys, in 1804 built the stone mill, which still stands at the southern end of town, and in 1805 laid out the town, with Fishing creek traversing it from south to north, and the Main street was surveyed along the line of the old Juniata war trail, which crossed the country from the headquarters o' the Juniata river to the mouth of Fishing creek. He named it Mill Hall. Shortly after Mr. Harvey's arrival Saul Mc- Cormick came, and in 1806 erected the stone building on the east side of Main street, now occupied by G. W. Bar- nett as a bakery, restaurant and residence. Mr. McCor- mick used it many years for a store in the early part of the century. After laying out the town Mr. Harvey built a saw mill, blacksmith shop, store, hotel and dwelling. He had the only mill in this section of the state, and parties brought grain to it for a distance of thirty miles. The blast furnace that still stands on the commons north of the town was built in 1827, the same parties building a forge in the narrows, south of the town. The furnace has been run at intervals since that time, but never proved a success financially, the parties who have operated it being invariably sold out by the sheriff in the course of a few years. The ore which was procured from the Bald Eagle mountains, close at hand, does not appear to be rich enough 3IO PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. to pay for reduction to iron, and shipping ore in from other points has proved too expensive. The forge was sold by the sheriff with the furnace the first time, the site finally coming into the hands of Robert Mann, who built an axe factory, which is still in successful operation. About the time the furnace and forge were built Saul McCormick erected a saw mill near the forge, on the oppo- site side of the creek, and a starch factory on the hill, back of where the late S. R. Stover lived. It was converted into a tannery in 1852. The woolen factory was built in the year 1833, and burned down in the year 1845, while owned by Saul McCormick, and leased to William Lee. It was rebuilt at once and burned again in 1863, rebuilt in 1864 and burned down the third time June 24th, 1882, being then owned by Robert Mann, and operated by F. M. Welsh. It was quite a loss to the town, as Mr. Welsh was working about fifteen men when it was destroyed. A saw mill was built by George Bressler in the year 181 5, where the lower axe factory now stands. A clover mill was built near it by Saul McCormick, and a foundry erected on the same property. They all finally proved unprofitable, and the property was sold to George S. Garth, who leased it to the Diamond Cement company, who manufactured cement from stone brought from the farm of James Snod- grass, in Nittany valley. The panic of 1873 stopped the sale of cement to the railroads, and the business was sus- pended, and the property afterwards sold to Robert Mann. He and his eldest son, Thomas R., started the only factory in the United States for the manufacture of double-bitted axes exclusively. The manufacture of axes is the principal industry of Mill Hall. Robert Mann settled here in 1848. The first factory was built by Saul McCormick on the site of the forge in the narrows. In connection with Mr. Mann the business was conducted under the firm name of R. Mann & Co., until the death of Mr. McCormick, in 1857. Mr. Mann began the business by the manufacture of twenty axes per PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 3 1 I day, and brought his material from and hauled his product to Lewistown, Mifflin county, his nearest railroad shipping point. The history of the increase of his business is the history of the town. The factory was enlarged in 1854, in 1863, and again in 1876. On September nth, 1877, it was totally destroyed by fire. Plans were immediately perfected by Mr. Mann for rebuilding, and by April, 1878, the new and enlarged factory was in operation. And, as arranged since, the lower factory was built below the town. The upper or original factory makes only single-bitted axes, and has a capacity of 800 axes per day, and employs about seventy-five men. The lower factory makes double-bitted axes exclusively, having a capacity of 400 axes per day, and employs sixty-five men. The old grist mill is now being used for polishing and packing their goods, an addition having been built to it for grinding and tempering. Mr. Mann associated with him his sons, T. R., A. C, J. R. and R. Mann, Jr., as they got old enough to take part in his business. He has now retired from the active management. The factories were both merged into the American Axe and Tool company a few years since, with the main office in New York, and A. C. Mann was made superintendent of the upper or single-bit factory, and R. Mann, Jr., superin- tendent of the lower or double-bit factory. The feed cutter and wagon shops of George S. Garth & Sons are the next manufactory of importance. Mr. Garth, Sr., was born in Philadelphia, and came to Mill Hall in 1845 or 1846, and soon after he bought the Island north of town from George Fredericks, who then owned the saw mill and clover mill property adjoining, and banked it up and im- proved it, putting thereon a dwelling and several shops, The floods of 1847, 1865, and, worst of all, 1889, washing away the banks, carrying lumber, vehicles, and, everything that would float away, disheartened him, but he had the pluck to repair the damage, pocket his loss and go on again, and is still on the Island. The}' now employ ten men, and their "Try Me" feed cutters have a large sale. 312 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The other industries are : General stores, A. B. Garth & Co., and Freeman Brady ; groceries, J. E. Calderwood, S. A. Wilt, A. C. Kauffrtian, Smith Marshall and Koble & Murray, the latter also being butchers; butcher, Daniel Snyder; furniture manufacturer, E. H. Bartholomew; handle factory, D. L. Chandler; foundry, Philip Berry; notions, photographer and barber, Sylvester Brady; barber, Joseph Bartholomew; physician. Dr. J. B. McCloskey ; coal dealers, Mann & Bailey and J. S. Hill; hotels, (both temperance,) Shaffer house, C. H. Lundy ; Wilt house, S. A. Wilt ; both ho- tels have liveries attached; postmaster, William T. Crispen ; assistant, Grant Crispen ; one saddler shop, run by William Clark. The borough of Mill Hall was incorporated by the court February i6th, 1849, and the first borough election held April 28th following : The officers elected were: Chief burgess, William Smith; council, Dr. John C. King, H. R. Williams, S. H. Hunter, Jonathan Bennison and Robert Hurd ; assessor, David Mc- Cormick ; high constable, Isaac Dittsworth ; borough con- stable, David Logan; overseers of the poor, James Coffee and Samuel Calderwood; treasurer, David Clark; clerk, John Weaver. The officers for 1892 are: Chief burgess, George W. Win- ner; council, Elias Koble, John Kryder, William Tevling and Daniel Wolf; clerk, W. H. Rosser. The first school was opened about 18 10, with George Bressler as master, in an old log house near where the Beech Creek railroad crosses the turnpike, below town. The next school house was built about 1837, and the present building in 1873 It is a fine building, well fur- nished, and the three grades are in separate rooms, and are provided with good teachers. The Mill Hall Fire Brick company is at this time just opening up its recent purchase of fire clay east of the town. It promises to be of great benefit to the town, as the company will employ a large' number of hands. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 313 The town is well supplied with shipping facilities. The Bald Eagle Valley railroad was built through or near the town in 1865, and the Beech Creek railroad in 1883; the competition of the two roads giving the town unusually- good rates for so small a place, and the fact that nearly all the goods manufactured are shipped, gives the railroads enough business to make them give good rates to and from the town. BALD EAGLE AND NITTANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Bald Eagle and Nittany Presbyterian church was or- ganized as a separate congregation May 7th, 1856, Up to this time it was part of the Great Island church of Lock Haven, and one pastor preached in Lock Haven and Mill Hall. The first church building was erected in 1840, on a lot purchased from Charlotte Barnet, of Lancaster. It was of brick, and was a very fair building in its day. It was oc- cupied by the congregation up to the time of the great flood of June, 1889, which completely wrecked it. It was then pulled down, (having been occupied almost fifty years,) and a neat modern structure of brick and slate erected on the sight which it now stands, and is an ornament to the town. The pastors since the organization of the church have been Revs. Henry L. Doolittle, the first one called after separation from the Great Island church in 1856; W. G. E. Agnew, George Warrington, L. L. Haughawaut, William A. Jenks and S. W. Pomeroy, the latter having served the congregation since January ist, 18S6, and it was largely through his efforts that the new church was built after the flood. He is an indomitable worker, never resting until he has accomplished his purpose. The ruling elders for 1 892 are : Andrew White. Archibald Allison, William Hayes and Charles Kyle; trustees, James Taylor, president; Alfred C. Mann, secretary and treasurer ; Robert H. Furst, Hugh W. Garth and Abbott B. Garth. There is also a flourishing Sunday school, of which Abbott B. Garth is superintendent, 21 314 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The Methodist Episcopal congregation erected the first church building in the town in 183 1. It was of stone, and stood well up on the hill south of the borough. Their second edifice, built in 1854, of wood and stone, two stories, is on the east side of Water street. It has lately been thoroughly repaired and painted, and is now a very pleasant place to worship. The present pastor is Rev. J. I. Reeser, who fills three appointments in addition to Mill Hall, to wit: Wayne, Pine and Laurel Run, in Bald Eagle township. Its trustees are George W. Winner, president; M. P. Stiver, secretary; E. E. Flanigan, treasurer; Jesse Fox, Huston Bres.sler, James W. Elder, John S. Flanigan, W. J. Eddy and George W Hall. The Methodists have much the larger number of mem- bers who live in the town, and have a large and prosperous- Sunday school, of which George W. Winner is superin- tendent. CHRISTIAN CHURCH (dISCIPLEs). The Christian Church (Disciples) have had an organiza- tion here since 1878, and Mr. Freeman Brady, the most in- fluential member, has built them a hall over his store room, in which they worship. They are not, however, satisfied with their accommodations, and have purchased a lot, for- merly occupied by the axe factory, of Rosser Brothers, which was burned several years since, and are now taking up a subscription to build a church thereon. MILL HALL BRICK WORKS. The company running these works was organized in April, 1892. Its officers are: J. W. Smith, Lock Haven, president; F. J. Torbert, Jersey Shore, vice president ; J. S. Hanna, Lock Haven, secretary and treasurer. Its directors are : W. H. Brown, K. D. Smith, J. W. Smith, Ira H. Smith, Jvock Haven, and P>ank J. Torbert, Jersey Shore. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 315 The main office of the company is at Lock Haven, with a branch office at Mill Hall. The industry is located between the Bald Eagle Valley and the Beech Creek railroads. The capacity of the works is 30,000 bricks per day. About thirty persons are given steady employment. Paving and fire brick manufactured. HOTELS AND ORGANIZATIONS. WILT UOUSE. TRK Wilt house was opened by M. B. Wilt, April 1st, 1890. It is a frame structure, containing eighteen rooms, with accommodations for thirty guests. The Wilt house is one of the best kept country hotels in the county. A first-class livery is connected with the hotel. SHAFFER HOUSE. The Shaffer house is kept by C. H. Luiidy, who took charge of the house April 1st, 1893. This hotel is built of brick. It contains seven- teen rooms, with accommodations for about twenty-five guests. C. H. Lundy runs a first-class livery, sale and exchange stable in connection with the hotel. PLEASANT VALLEY CASTLE, NO. 301, K. G. E. Pleasant Valley castle. No. 301, K. G. E., was instituted February 15th, 1889, with thirty-five members. The following officers were installed : N. C, J. F. Murray; P. C, E. E. Flanigan ; V. C, James Murray; 11. P., T. J. Iliekoff; V. H., J. H. Eckley; M. of R., J. D. Miller; C. of E., J. W. Stover; K. of K., T. N. Custard; S. H., M. W. Irvin; W. B., Harry Switzer; W. C, Orin Walker; Ens.. H. H. Irvin; Esq., W. H. Winner; 1st G., H. Stringfellow; 3d G., J. H. Bower. At the time and for some time after institution the castle met in Mann's hall. In the fall of 1889 they moved into Walker's hall. This order has greatly increased in numbers, having at this time a membership of over 100. The castle meets on Friday evening of each week, and visiting sir knights will always find the latch-string on the outside. The officers are as follows: P. C, J. C. Winner; N. C, I. G. Winner; V. C, R. B. Bollinger; S. H., E. B. Bridgens; V. H., J. H. Eckley; H. P., W. A. Flanigan; M. of R., T. J. HickofE; C. of E., Grant Crispen; K. of E., J. P. Murray; W. B., John RofE; W. C, ti. L. Crispen; Ens., T. J. Kissinger; Esq., G. C. Snyder; 1st G., R. J. McOlenahan; 3d G., J. A. Bridgens; representa- tive to grand castle, J. H. Bower; trustees, H. L. Crispen, 0. P. Walker, J. A. Bridgens. 3l6 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. LODGE NO. 337, P. O. S. OF A. Lodge No. 337, P. 0. S. of A., was instituted June 21st, 1888, with the following officers: Past president, G. W. Winner; president, J. W. Crispen; vice president, E. S. Koble; recording secretary, H. E. Brady; assistant secretary, W. J. Eckley; conductor, John Mackey; masler of forms and ceremonies, James W. Elder; financial secretary, Henry Bar- tholomew; treasurer, Moses Bennett ; chaplain, James H. Welsh. The present officers are: Past president, A. T. Palmer; president, Charles Ilarlemau; vice president, George T. Bartholomew; recording secretary, Sutton Kreidier; assistant secretary, W. S. Chatam; financial secretary, William Hunter; treasurer, James W. Eldred; master of forms and ceremonies, William Dalton; conductor, John Richie; inspector, William Emert; guard, John Kreidier; chaplain. William J. Karstetter. This order meets every Thursday evening, and has a present membership of fifty-three. MILL HALL LODGE, NO. 131, I. O. G. T. Mill Hall lodge. No. 131, Independent Order Good Templars, was insti- tuted March 15th, 1890. The first officers were: W. H. Winner, chief templar; Minnie Winner, vice templar; John Karstetter, recording sec- retary; Sutton Kreidier, assistant secretary; Y. C. Winnei-, financial secretary; Sutton Kreidier, treasurer; W. D. Harleman, chaplain; E. Bartholomew, marshal; C. T. Harleman, guard; C. T. Harleman, sen- tinel; C. T. Harleman, lodge deputy. The present officers are: T. J. Reeser, chief templar; Tillie Elder, vice templar; Sutton Kreidier, recording secretary; Delia Eddy, assistant secretary; William Elder, financial secretary; E. Walker, treasurer; Sadie Bressler, chaplain; George Snyder, marshal; Mattie Crispen, dep- uty marshal; Mamie Elder, guard; C. T. Harleman, sentinel; J. H. Bowers, lodge deputy. The Independent Order Good Templars meets every Monday evening, in Walker's hall. Present membership, fifty. AXE makers' band. The Axe Makers' band, of Mill Hall, was organized September 23d, 1887, with sixteen members. At the first meeting the following officers were elected: President, T. J. Hickoff; vice president, J. F. Murray; secretary, A. E. Rosser; treasurer, Tliomas R. Mann. On November 18th, 1887, they received from C. G. Conn a full set of his celebrated " Wonder" instruments. They secured the service of Professor George A. Miller, of Lock Haven, as instructor, and made their first appearance in public April 26th, 1888, when they accompanied the 1. 0. 0. F., of Lock Haven, to Williamsport. The membership has varied from 16 to 35 The band is as finely equipped as any similar organization in the state, having fine instruments, uniforms and a very handsome wagon. The present officers are: President, J. H. Bower; vice president, J. H. Carstater; secretary, T. J. Hickoff; treasurer, J. F. Murray; leader, Harry Sweitzer; managers, J. B. Crispen, George Herr. The l^and meets Monday and Tuesday nights of each week, in Mann's hall. The present membership is seventeen. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 317 BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM H. ROSSER. WILLIAM H. ROSSER was born in Blossburg, Pa., September 24th, 1840; came to Clinton county when but a child, and spent his boyhood days on a farm in Bald Eagle township. lie was edu- cated in the common schools, is now a resident of Mill Hall, and has been an acting justice of the peace for the past twenty years. Mr. Rosser was married, September 23d, 18GL to Henrietta C. Renther, of Salona, Pa. Three days later he enlisted in Company C, 53d Regiment, Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and served until discharged, for reason of disability, in September, 1862. In 1864 he embarked in the coach-making business, at Lock Haven. In the fall of 1866 he accepted a position in the iron department at the wagon works of Garth & Sons, at Mill Hall. He retained the position until 1883, when, in company with his brothers, John 0. and Titus, Mr. Rosser began the manufacture of axes and tools, under the firm name of Rosser Brothers, continuing successfully in this business for three years, when their works were totally destroyed by fire. Since that time Mr. Rosser has not been actively engaged in any business. In 1886 he was a candidate for nomination for the office of associate judge, but, although receiving a flattering support, he failed in the nomination. Mr. Rosser has always taken active interest in politics, always as a Dem- ocrat. He is also a writer of some ability. For more than twenty years he has held the position of an elder in the Church of Christ, and is held in esteem by that body of people. His family consists of Mrs. Rosser and three living children, Dr. 0. H. Rosser, of Renovo, George M., an operator and agent in the employ of the Beech Creek I'ailroad at Kerr- moor, Pa., both of whom are married, and the youngest, Jesse B., who is yet at home. WESTPORT. THE village of Westport is located on the West Branch of the Susquehanna. It is divided into two parts by Kettle creek. The first settlement in the valley, now em- braced in Westport, was made about the time of the Revo- lution or shortly after, on the north side of Kettle creek, and near its mouth, by Richard Gilmore. The pre-emption warrant is dated July 2ist, 1785, in Pine Creek township, Northumberland county, for 300 acres more or less. R. Gilmore deeded the same to William McCombe October 1 2th, 1793, in Pine Creek township, Northumberland county, for the consideration of £^0 in gold, and Wil- liam McCombe deeded the same to William Andrews, dated May 3d, 1794, for the consideration of ^^"260 in crold and silver, and William Andrews deeded the same to James Caldwell, dated January 23d, 1796, in consideration of one yoke of oxen, one milch cow, and £gS in gold and silver. James Caldwell, a Revolutionary soldier, located at the mouth of Kettle creek about 1 807, and on the land which had been abandoned by Gilmore- The land on both sides of the creek stood thick with pine timber, and there was not one settlement at that time in what is now Leidy town- ship. Isaac Herring had cleared some five acres on the south side of the creek, on the flat where C. R. Noyes now resides. The first house was built by Mr. Caldwell, and was of round logs. It stood on the ground now occupied by the M. E. church and the M. T. McCloskey house. He afterwards built a better house near where the north end of the railroad bridge now stands. Mr. Caldwell and his wife planted the orchard in 1807; many of the trees are still standing. They also kept a nursery of small trees, from which they supplied their neighbors. The property of Mr. CHARLES R. NOYES, Westport, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 3I9 Caldwell, at' the mouth of Kettle creek, at his death, fell into the possession of his sons, John and Andrew. John owned the portion on the south or upper side of the creek, and Andrew that on the opposite. In 1848 John sold his to Norman Butler, of Montgomery county, and moved West, and in 1854 Mr. Butler sold to Colonel A. C. Noyes, of New Hampshire, who came to Cameron county, Pa., in 1847, and to Westport in 1849. ^^ rented a room from Mr. Butler and started a store. The first post office was established at the mouth of Kettle creek about 1847 or 1848. A. O. Caldwell was appointed postmaster. The name of the office was Kettle Creek. This office was eventually discontinued, leaving the place with- out an office for over a year, the nearest office being Cook's Run. Mr. Butler had the Westport office established Oc- tober 22d, 1850. The name was suggested by him, and he was appointed postmaster, henct the origin of the name of Westport. The first mail route established from Westport up Kettle creek to connect with the Jersey Shore and Coudersport pike was in 1851, by the influence of A. O. Caldwell, who had the contract for carrying the mail. When Mr. Butler sold out to Colonel Noyes, C. R. Noyes received the appointment of postmaster, April 1st, 1855, which office he held for over thirty-six years. Mr. W. C. Werts is the present postmaster, having suc- ceeded Mr. Noyes July ist, 1891. A. O. Caldwell rented his property (that which lays on the north side of the creek) to John Werts, of Lewisburg, Union county, in 1836, for a period of five years. Mr. Caldwell then lived in the old hewed-log house built by his father. John Werts moved into this house with his family, worked the farm, lumbered and sold goods, which was the first regular store kept in the place. John Caldwell also kept a small store, and from 1838 to 1840 Reber&Musser, of Lewisburg, kept a store. After Mr. Caldwell had rented to Mr. Werts, he built a hotel, or rather a dwelling house, in 320 PAST AND PRESENt OF CLINTON COUNtY. the first place, but subsequently turned it into a hotel. This was in the years 1836 and 1837. Mr. Caldwell rented this hotel to Edward Shultz, who did business here when Gov- ernor Ritner was digging the old canal. John Green, of Lock Haven, kept it at one time, and Abner McCloskey, Esq., from the year 1841 to 1844. It was purchased by Stephen Werts, who kept one of the best hotels on the river during a period of twenty years. Nelson George, of Lock Haven, had his stage office at this house for several years ; and when the Philadelphia & Erie railroad was completed to Westport, in the fall of 1862, the revolution which followed in travel rendered it neces- sary to abandon this as a hotel stand. This old hotel was burned February, 1870. In 1857 and 1858 John L. Proctor built a hotel in West- port, on the north bank of the creek, which he kept for two or three years. When Stephen Werts removed from the old hotel, he rented this hotel of Mr. Proctor and kept it over two years. In 1866 J. M. Robbins purchased the property of Mr. Proctor, and moved into it February, 1867, and kept it until it was burned, September, 1873. W. C. Werts' store was consumed at the same time. This building also belonged to Mr. Robbins. He shortly afterwards commenced the erection of the Westport house, which was completed dur- ing the winter of 1873 and 1874. In 1866 Mr. Werts built a fine house opposite the Phila- delphia & Erie depot, which he used as a hotel, store and dwelling. His wife died September, 1867. In 1870 he rented the property to H. Whitcomb, and moved to Charles- ton, W. Va. In the fall of the same year he sold the house and adjoining lots to John S. Bailey, which building Mr. Bailey used for mercantile business, and for a time as a hotel. In July, 1875, he sold the property and store to J. H. Ryan and O. M. Montgomery. It remained in their possession for two years, and was then sold to the Noyes Brothers, and near the close of 1877 ^r. Bailey rented the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 32 1 premises and resumed the mercantile business, and finally purchased the place fi-om the Noyes heirs. About the year i860 G. W. Drake built a hotel, which he named the Alpine house, and kept it for about fifteen years. It is now owned by G. VV. Armstrong, and used as a dwelling house. In 1865 L. G. Huling and son built a store house on a corner lot adjoining the Alpine house, and engaged in the mercantile and lumbering business until the spring of 1869, when they sold out to W. C. Kepler and W. A. Brooks. These parties carried on the store business for about two years. Then it changed into the hands of J. D. L. Smith, who conducted it a year or more, and it finally passed into the hands of J. B. Saltsman. Mr. A. O. Caldwell in i860 laid out a portion of his farm in lots. The Philadelphia & Erie railroad company com- menced negotiating about that time for the purchase of the property for the building of their machine shops. On ac- count of the high price asked, no sale was effected. Mr. Caldwell afterwards sold to the Noyes Brothers, and they continued the sale of lots, and in a few years the town had made considerable improvements in number of buildings. It also increased in population. The village has one church, Methodist, built in 1866. The first minister was J. L. Chandler. The first school was built in 1853, and the first teacher was a Mr. Shoemaker. The first shoemaker shop was started by A. R. McDurrald in i860, and one of the first blacksmiths was old Harry Bowman. Norman Butler had a smithshop in his time, and Charles Crapps did the smithing and Tom Getter the tink- ering. N. P. Clendennen succeeded Samuel Knepley. W. G. Caldwell also does a good business in the same line, and has a carriage and wagon-making shop in connection with his business. The main building of the present school house was erected in 1876, under charge of W. T. McCloskey, and was con- sidered at that time a commodious and convenient structure 32^ Past and present of clInton countV. for the purpose, but in a few years a graded school was found to be necessary, and a new building was added to the first one, furnishing a large and spacious room for a primary department. The corner stone of the Lumberman's Bethel church was laid Saturday evening, June 19th, 1886, the Rev. Cook, Presbyterian minister of Renovo, conducted the ceremonies. The Independent band and many Renovo people were present. A small box, containing a Bible, copies of the Renovo Evening Nezvs and Renovo Record, minutes of building committee, notes, one dollar in money, and names of subscribers were placed in the corner stone. The church was completed during the summer and fall, and has a seat- ing capacity of 250. It is designed for the use of any Christian denomination, but down to the present time only the Presbyterians have occupied it, Rev. Cook having ser- vices here once a week. The first bridge that spanned Kettle creek at Westport was erected by the county in 1852, and the first railroad bridge, within a few feet of the former, was built in 1859. The two were carried away, simultaneously, almost, by the flood of March 17th, 1865. This flood did immense damage to the people of Westport. The two bridges were replaced by new ones the ensuing spring, rendering good service up until the June flood of 1889, when the county bridge was torn from its foundations. This flood, perhaps the highest since Noah's time, wrought destruction and desolation to the people of Westport. No human lives were lost, but in the loss of houses, barns, fences, out-buildings, fruit and or- namental trees, merchandise, household goods, lands, public roads and lumber, many of these losses are irreparable. The sworn statements, made by parties in this township who sustained damage and loss of property, amounted to over $46,000. The greater part of this was lost by the people of Westport. Most all applied to the state for relief, and some twenty-five of the Westport families received it in small sums of ;^25, ;^30,;^40, $50 and $60, amounting in allto;^8i5. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 323 Westport is the centre of a lumbering and mining region, and the natural outlet of the Kettle creek valley. The valley of this stream is some forty miles in length, contains a population of over i.oco, and hundreds of millions of lumber, principally hemlock and hard wood, and thousands of acres of rich improved lands. Bituminous coal abounds in vast quantities in the mountains near this place. The mines at Bitumen have been in successful operation for three or four years. They are distant by wagon road about three and a half miles, and by the way the crow flies, two miles. There is said to be hundreds of acres of good fire clay in a short distance of this place. Westport is easy ef access by railroad, as the Philadelphia & Erie traverses through the middle of the village. The railroad freight traffic is quite considerable at this point. The company de- livered over 1,500 tons during the year 1891. The greater part of this is hauled up the valley of Kettle Creek to dif- ferent points. PROMINENT MEN OF WESTPORT. CHARLES R. NOYES. CHARLES R. NOYES was born in Grafton county, N. H., January 5th, 1829. He received his education in the public schools, and at the Newbury Methodist academy in the state of Vermont. He came to Westport in 1850, and joined his brother. Colonel A. C. Noyes, who was in the mercantile business. He acted as clerk until 1854, when he became a partner in the business. In 1859 the two brothers took and completed a contract for building nine miles of the Philadelphia & Erie railroad, after which they turned their attention to lumbering, in which Charles R. Noyes is still engaged. For a time he was a member of Hunt's Run Lumbering company, and also a member of the firm of Cargkaddon & Co. Mr. Noyes is also largely engaged in farming, and owns, besides his beautiful farm on the river flats, several hundred acres of fine farming land on the higher lands several miles from Westport. Li 1890 he was a candidate for county treasurer on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated for the nomination by S. Woods Caldwell. He was postmaster at West- port from 1854 to July, 1891. He has filled the various township offices at ^24 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. di£Eerent times, and on several occasions has been a delegate to the state convention at Harrisburg. Charles R. Noyes was married, July 4th, 1865, to Mary A. Herman, a daughter of Michael and Christiana Herman. Their children are Hattie, Martha, Edward, Nellie, Bessie, Hannah and Daisy. The two first named graduated at the Central State Normal school in 188G. Harry, the youngest son of the family, died in December, 1880, and Edward, the other son, is at present assistant station agent at Westport. JOHN S. BAILEY. John S. Bailey was born March 3d, 1830, at Brown's Mills, nowReeds- ville, Mifflin county. Pa. He came to Clinton county in 1855. After his arrival he taught school for a time, and then entered Millersville Normal school, where he remained one term. After teaching for several terms he entered Dickinson seminary, whore he spent nearly one year. He then returned to Westport, where he clerked in the hotel and store of Stephen Werts until 1864, when he was employed by A. C. Noyes & Brother, as clerk and acting agent of the Philadelphia & Erie railroad. Mr, Bailey has been a resident of Westport ever since. He entered the mercantile business in 1865, and has followed the business continuously since 1877. He had charge of the postoffiee for a period of over eleven years, from December, 1877, to January 1st, 1889, when he resigned in favor of the late Colonel H. M. Bossert. He still holds the office of jus- tice of the peace, to which he was elected in 1875. He served as school director from 1877 until 1886. He has served as treasurer of the school board for nearly fifteen years. ,In 1884 he was elected a member of the Democratic state committee, in which capacity he represented the De- mocracy of Clinton county one year. Mr. Bailey is a great traveler. During the winter of 1891 and 1892 he spent several months in the West India Islands, and wrote many interesting letters to the newspapers of Clinton county. J. L. EMERY. J. L. Emery was born in Fairfield, Maine, March 2d, 1848. His father, George Emery, moved with his family to Pennsylvania in 1851. Mr. Emery received his education in the " Old White School House," at Lock Haven. After leaving school he worked with his father until 1872, when he started in the lumber business for himself at Benezette, Elk county, Pa. He left there and moved to Cook's Run, Clinton county, in 1878. In 1880 he located at Westport, where he still resides. Mr. Emery was married, March 15th, 1872, to Jennie C. Freeman, of Cameron county. They have eight children living and one dead. In 1886 Mr, Emery built himself a handsome residence at the upper end of the village of Westport, which he now occupies. He has for several years been engaged in lumbering on Kettle creek and Cook's run. cIOHN S. BAILEY, Westport, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY, 325 J. N. EDWARDS. J. N. Edwards, station agent for tlie Philadeliihia & Eric railroad com- pany, at Westport, was born in Rcadinir, Pa., August 5th, 1849. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia. In 1865 he entered the telegraph office at Bethlehem, Pa., where he remained two years. He was then appointed ticket agent on the North Penn railroad, a position he held for nine years. He next went to Warren, Pa., where he spent several years as reporter for the Bradford Era and TMu^yxWe Herald. In 1881 he was appointed operator at Howards, Cameron county, and in 1883 he came to Westport, where he filled a similar position until April, 1893, when he was appointed station agent and given charge of the Westport office. Mr. Edwards was married in December, 1871, to Clara Swartz, of Allentown, Pa. Mr. Edwards is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and one of the Colonel Noyes castle, Knights of the Golden Eagle. O. GOODMAN. O. Goodman was born in York county. Pa., in 1847. He came to Clinton county in 1805, and started a store at Hammersley's Forks, where he remained in business until 1883, when he moved to Westport. Mr. Goodman was educated in the public schools, and at Dickinson seminary, Williamsport, Pa. He was married in 1867 to Alzina Cald- well, of Cumberland Valley. They have two sons. W. C. WERTS. W. C. Werts, present postmaster of Westport, was born in Chapman township, in 1846. His grandfather, Simeon Pfoutz, was the first white settler on Kettle creek. His father, Samuel Werts, came from Milton, and settled below where Westport is now, in 1838. In early life W. C. Werts worked at lumbering. In 1871 he started a store in Westport. In 1873 his store was burned. In 1886 he started the first meat market in Westport. He afterwards built a store room, and carried on the grocery business in connection with the meat market. In May, 1891, through the efforts of Hon. A. C. Hopkins, he received the appointment as post- master for Westport, and shortly after took charge of the office as suc- cessor to C. R. Noyes. Mr. Werts was the first Republican postmaster of the place. In connection with his duties as postmaster he at present conducts a general merchandise store and meat market. Mr. Werts was married in 1871 to Emma Smith, of Cook's Run. They have six children living, four daughters and two sons. One of the daughters is an assistant in the post office. In business matters Mr, Werts has been rather un- fortunate. At the time his store burned he lost all he possessed, and was also a heavy loser by the June flood of 1689. 326 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. ORGANIZATIONS AND HOTELS. COI-ONEL A. C. NOYES CASTLE, KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. THE Colonel A. C. Noyes castle, Knights of the Golden Eagle, was instituted at Westport, October 18th, 1890, with forty-nine mem- bers. The present officers of the castle are: E. M. Smith, H. E. Nichols, George Courter, A. M. Myers, James Keister, Curtis Caldwell, E. F. Wickman, D. H. Thomas. This castle was named in honor of Colonel A. C. Noyes. It has a present membership of seventy. WESTPORT LODGE, NO. 34, I. O. G. T. Westport lodge, No. 34, Independent Order Good Templars, was organ- ized November 4th, 1887. Its first officers were Ida Myers, chief temp- lar; J. N. Edwards, lodge deputy; Emma J. Stuart, secretary; Mrs. J. N. Edwards, treasurer; Fannie E. Edwards, vice templar; Mrs. A. P. Goodman, chaplain; Emily Edwards, financial secretary. The present officers are: J. N. Edwards, lodge deputy; Lizzie Smith, chief templar; Maud Stuart, vice templar; Emily J. Edwards, secretary; Rev. J. C. Wilhelm, treasurer; Annie Riddles, financial secretary; C. R. Daley, chaplain. This lodge has a present membership of eighty-two. It meets every Tuesday evening, in the I. 0. G. T. hall, which is owned by the lodge. The organizatian is in a very flourishing condition. THE WESTPORT HOUSE. This large and commodious hotel was erected by John Robbins, in the winter of 1873 and 1874. It is a frame structure, forty by eighty feet, with a wing of thirty-five feet, giving it a front of seventy-five feet on one side and eighty feet on the other. The first proprietor of the house was Mr. Robbins himself. He opened the hotel in the spring of 1874. He was succeeded by Mr. Maloney, the present landlord, in April, 1888. The house has thirty-five bedrooms, with ample accommodations for seventy guests. Before assuming control of the Westport house, Mr. Maloney had charge of the Trout Run house, at Ilammersley's Foi-ks, and pre- vious to that time the celebrated Isaac Walton house, at Gaines, Tioga county. He is a pleasant, popular gentleman, and runs his hotel in first-class style. NORTH BEND. THIS is a flourishing little village of some five hundred souls, in Chapman township, three miles east of the borough of Renovo, on the line of the Philadelphia & Erie railroad, and has the largest local freight traffic of any station between Renovo and the city of Lock Haven. Its gentlemanly and efficient agent and operator, Mr. H. G. Haynes, has been in charge of the depot here for over twenty-four years. The principal business of the place is lumbering and tan- ning. We have at present two small saw and two shingle mills, and are now erecting a large gang saw-mill, which, when completed, will have a capacity of fifteen million feet of boards annually. A large planing-mill is contem- plated; also a furniture factory. The large tannery of L. R. Gleason & Sons, built in the year 1881, and enlarged in 1889, is in constant operation, turning out some thirty tons of leather monthly. We have three general stores, two hotels, two blacksmith shops, one wagonmaker's and general repair shop, two shoemaker's shops, one church (Union) and two school houses. We have also a branch railroad running twelve miles up Youngwoman's creek, which will, in the near future, be extended into Potter county, with a connection to Buffalo. The name of North Bend is of recent origin; when the Philadelphia & Erie railroad was first opened here, in the year 1863, the company adopted the name of North Point, which was continued until the year 1879, when the present name was adopted, and the name of the post office also changed from (to many of us) the old and pleasurable name of Youngwomanstown, to North Bend. 328 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. *' Youngwomanstown" is one of the oldest names in the history of the West Branch valley. Tradition says the name originated from the tragic death of a beautiful young Indian girl who, in attempting to cross the stream on a float, was swept away to the " Spirit Land," and ever after the stream was called Youngwoman's creek, and the surround- ing country Chinis-quay-ka-non or "Youngwomanstown," and on the west bank of this placid stream, about twenty rods inland and equidistant from the junction of the creek and river, the noble red men erected a huge mound of broken sandstone, upon which they commemorated the mournful event in burnt offerings to the Great Spirit. Traces of this mound still remain, and the writer has hauled away tons and tons of these burned and broken stones, and there are still tons left, mixed with the soil, on a square of about an eighth of an acre. The first known white settler was William Reed, who, prior to the year 17S0, built a log cabin at the junction of the two streams, no trace of which now remains, the many high freshets having washed away the banks where it stood. One Timothy Peaceable also squatted here about the same time, and afterwards sold his right to one William Cook, who contested Reed's title, but lost in failing to sustain a caveat filed by him before the board of property. Reed sold his title to one William Campbell, and on the 2d of June, 1779, Campbell conveyed to Thomas Robinson, The place was then deserted on account of the troubles with the Indians all along the West Branch, but soon after the treaty with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix, October, 1784, (called the "last purchase,") for the residue of all the Indian lands within the limits of Pennsylvania, the said Robinson applied for a warrant, which was granted to him on October 14th, 1785, and described as follows: "All that certain tract of land called Youngwomanstown, situated on the northwest side of the West Branch of the Susquehanna, including the mouth of Youngwoman's creek, in Northum- berland county, containing 307^^ acres, and allowance of PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. 329 six per cent, for roads, etc." Robinson conveyed to Andrew Epple January loth, 1787. Patent for said land bearing date April 12th, 1787, from the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was issued to the said Andrew Epple, the same bearing the original signature of the immortal Benjamin Franklin, president of the Supreme Executive Council. Andrew Epple leased the place to William Bennett, for an annual rental of ^^3 6d. Bennett occupied the place for some ten years — up to about the year 1800. This lease required him to clear some land yearly, to pay the taxes, to improve the property, and to pay the small rental above stated. He built the large log house, with its immense stone chimney, which stood near the mouth of the creek, some six or eight rods back of the cabin of William Reed, above mentioned. Rev. Daniel M. Barber, one of the most prominent and eloquent ministers of the Presbyterian church for over half a century in the West Branch valley, lived in this log house away back in the twenties. He, in company with Robert Bridgens, traveled on horseback, before the days of rail- roads, out into Canada, thence to Detroit, returning by way of Cincinnati and Pittsburg. Their object was to see the country. Andrew Epple conveyed to Andrew Epple, Jr., on August 20th, 1799. Epple conveyed to Joseph Reed March 9th, 1802. Reed conveyed to John Philip De Haas, of Bald Eagle township, in the county of Ceatre. on June ist, 1805, and on May loth, 1810, DeHaas conveyed to John Quigley, father of the late Michael Quigley, Esq., and the grandfather of the writer's wife. North Bend station is located on the southwestern part of this tract, called Youngwomanstown. The major por- tion of the tract is now owned by Robert Bridgens' heirs and the writer. 22 330 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Among the early settlers in this vicinity were the Bairds, Burneys, Bridgens, Caldwells, Grugans, Hammersleys, Halls, Keplers, McCloskeys, Pfoutzes, Quigleys, Summer- sons, Stouts, Welshes and others, many of whose descend- ants still live in the up-river districts. Two of the most noted of the last generation were Michael Quigley, Esq., and Captain Robert Bridgens, the first of whom was born here in 1807. He was appointed by Governor Wolf, in 1831, a justice of the peace, and served by re-election, without intermission, until the day of his death, on February i6th, 1888. During his long life, and until a few years of his death, he was a most active and useful man, and was as well known and as highly respected as any man in the up-river country. Captain Robert Bridgens, whose birth dates back to the year 1796, and whose death occurred in 1882, located here when quite a young man. He ran the first steamboat that ever plied upon the waters ol the West Branch. He was one of the board of commissioners chosen at the first elec- tion after the organization of Clinton county, and was a most respected and honored official and citizen. Youngwomanstown had an inn or tavern as early as 1805. Locomotion was slow in those days, either by foot or in the clumsy dug-out. Grandfather John Quigley poled a canoe all the way up the river from Northumberland in the year 18 1 2, in which he brought lOO young apple trees, and planted them on his land here, some of which trees are still living. Here many a fistic encounter was practiced, and it was considered a great honor to be known as the best man. It was here that Uncle Jimmy Caldwell (he was the aggressor) lost his nose in an encounter with Grandfather John Quigley. After a fight all were friends; it was the custom of the times. The old pioneers were, as a rule, the best of people ; hos- pitable in their humble homes, and the very soul of honor. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 33 1 A man's word was as good as his bond, (it is not so now,) and woe betide the man who attempted to practice dis- honesty. Here was the only polling place west of Dunnstown for nearly half a century, and it was here, in the year 1838, (then Lycoming county,) that the greatest election ever known in the history of the West Branch was held. It was at the time that work was being done on the Sinnemahoning ex- tension of the West Branch canal, under Governor Uncle Joe Rittner's administration. Upwards of 800 votes were polled, when there were not over 100 legal voters in the whole district, the election board being forced to receive all votes offered, and many were the bloody heads made on that day with the effective shillalah in the hands of wild and infuriated Irishmen. The writer's father-in-law was an eye witness to the bloody scene; his father, in attempting to dis- suade the mob from violence (the election room was in his house) was set upon, and if he had not been as lithe as an Indian, and fleet as a roe buck, running, leaping and clear- ing the picket fence at a bound, (which obstruction brought his pursuers to a standstill for a moment,) he doubtless would have been pommelled into a jelly. John Quigley was born in York, Pa., in the year 1772, and removed with his parents to Wayne township, soon after the close of the Revolutionary war. He had three brothers, two of whom, William and George, located in Wayne, and one, Michael, at Beech Creek. He also had four sisters; one was the wife of Robert Crawford, g-rand- father of the writer, one married Joseph McCormick, one married George Crane, and the other Robert Stewart, grand- father of Captain R. S. Barker, the present postmaster of Lock Haven. The grandfather of the Hon. James C. Quiggle was a cousin of the family. For many years after John Quigley located in Young- womanstown ; the nearest grist mill was at Mill Hall. The up-river farmers would load their grain in canoes, and run them down to the mouth of Bald Eagle creek, and pole 332 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. them up the creek to Fishing creek to Bressler's mill, get their grists ground, and pole their canoes back home. In those days the spinning wheel and loom were as com- mon as the sewing machine of the present day, and every family clothed themselves chiefly with homespun goods of their own production. Their tables were abundantly sup- plied with game and fish, which were very plenty and easily procured. John Quigley was a remarkably active and supple man until the day in which he was accidentally killed at Monsey- town, in 1847, at the age of seventy-five years. Although a hard worker, he could at that great age, by holding the toe of one foot in his hand, jump through with the other foot, back and forward, a feat but few young men can perform. Recalling the facts in reference to the result of the vote cast at the great election spoken of, we wish to add that, of course, the returns, carried to Williamsport by Uncle Jimmy Caldwell, were not counted, and Uncle Joe was defeated for the second term, and his grand enterprise abandoned. A new race now inhabit the land; those good, honest, jovial old pioneers are all gathered to their fathers, and all has changed; but with all the wonderful improvements, dis- coveries and conveniences, we dare say men are neither better nor happier than those old pioneers were. Michael Quigley built a small water-power saw mill here about the year 1831. It was carried away by the big freshet of 1847. fn the year 1854 R. K. Hawley & Co. erected a large water-power gang mill, which they operated under the superintendence of John H. Haynes, (father of H. G. Haynes,) down to the year 1865. Their yearly cut was about 3,000,000 feet, and was stocked by D. C. Wilcox, res- ident partner and a brother-in-law of the writer. The mill was then operated for a few years by the Hon. A.J. Quigley. The next mill was a portable steam-power of R. K. Landis & Co., and the next the large steam gang mill of Mensch & Lowenstine, built in the year 1872, and destroyed by fire in 1879 or 1880, PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 333 Youngwoman's creek, which drains a territory of about sixty square miles, or 40.000 acres, has yielded up to this time not less than 500,000,000 feet of saw logs — the majority of which were floated to Williamsport. About two- thirds were pine, and the balance hemlock and hard wood. There is probably 175,000,000 feet, chiefly hemlock, remain- ing, and ten years more will clean it all out. Agriculture to some extent is taking the place of lumber- ^^Sf y^^ ^^*2 have thousands of acres of fine table lands on our mountains, well adapted to agriculture, unimproved, and our hills contain fire clay of the best quality, also coal and iron ore; these, we hope, time and the demands of com- merce will speedily develop. When the writer located here, in the year 185 i, (over forty years ago,) there was a hotel, a store, blacksmith shop, a couple of farm houses, a small church, (used also for a school house,) and a couple of old log houses. The United States mail was received once a week, (carried on horseback from Lock Haven, letter postage ten cents, prepayment op- tional). Merchandise was transported from the eastern cities in canal boats to Lock Haven, and from there in small flat- bottom boats, and in canoes on the river. No doctors nearer than Lock Haven. Log driving was in its infancy. There was no boom at Lock Haven, nor anything to call a boom at Williamsport. No railroad up the Susquehanna north of Clark's Ferry. Yet there were many conveniences which the pioneers did not have. Our little place has advanced slowly, and bids fair to make more rapid strides. Our prospects are by no means discouraging, and if our timber is nearly exhausted, with our growing agricultural resources, our minerals accessible, and being located only three miles from the thriving borough of Renovo, it requires no prophetic eye to see that in the close future we shall be united in one flourishing town, (or may we say city?) for the reason that the rapidly growing 334 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY, business of the Philadelphia & Erie railroad will create an increasing demand for labor; her machine and car shops must be enlarged, and her employes must have homes; her vacant places will soon be filled, and she must have more room, and here we have it. Steam and electric cars will an- nihilate the short space between us. Before concluding this imperfect sketch, (space would not permit us to go into minute details,) we deem it appropriate to say that our little place has not lagged behind in a re- ligious, moral, social and educational aspect; and if we are no better, we are just as good as our neighbors. i HYNER. HYNER is a small village situated on the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, at the mouth of what is called Hyner's run, twenty-one miles northwest of Lock Haven, and seven miles southeast of Renovo. From what or whom Hyner's run received its name, there is no one now living can tell. Rumor has it that a huntsman who lived on Pine creek, by the name of Hiner, in an early day came over and camped on its banks to kill deer, principally for the hides, and that the stream derived its name from him. While this may be true, yet there is no certainty of it. Hyner village contains some thirty or forty houses — one only being of brick (the Grugan residence,) — yet there are some very nice, comfortable homes; that of Theodore John- son, James Summerson, James A. McClosky, Behring Mc- Closky, K. J. Farwell, J. W. Christian, Samuel Mummah, W. C. Weaver and many others, and a new one built last summer by Michael Fluff, is an improvement to the place. There is a commodious school house, a Methodist church, not yet finished, a post office, railroad station and telegraph office, a blacksmith shop, one store, one boarding house and a Methodist parsonage, but no hotel or saloon, a picnic ground at a distance of about ten minutes' walk from the station, with a dancing platform, and fixed up with all the necessary improvements. The business at Hyner is prin- cipally lumbering and farming. There is quite a number of good farms in the valley, also on top of the surrounding mountains there is good land, and some nice farms already cleared. Hyner is seven miles from the Jersey Shore and Couders- port turnpike, the nearest point from the turnpike to the river. It is claimed that the mountains near the turnpike 336 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. abound in coal, iron ore, silver ore, lime stone and fire clay. If all this is true, Hyner may yet lift her head among the towns of Clinton county. At Hyner the first oil well in this region was drilled; a "dry hole it is true," but they struck salt and gas in abundance, and it is claimed that oil will be found here yet, as the surface indications are good. BIOGRAPHIES. HON. COLEMAN GRUGAN. [At the request and earnest solicitation of the author, Hon. Coleman Grugan furnished the following- history of himself and family.] I WAS born in wh;it was then Dunnstable, Lycoming county, but now Grugan township, Clinton county, Pa., September 29th, 1820. It seems but yesterday to me; tempus fugit. The point at which I first drew the breath of life was on the north side of the river. At that day and age game and fish were plentiful. But school rooms and scho. il teachers were unknown— no pastoral bleat nor holy Dill. I was baptized by Rev. Grier, in an old saw mill surrounded wholly by forest trees. Sad to contemplate, all, young or old, who witnessed the event have mouldered into dust, except brother John and myself. My father's name was Alexander Grugan : ray mother's maiden name was Rachael Cole- man. In the year 1837 my father purchased the farm where Glen Union now is. We moved on it in tlie fall of 1837, and in the spring of 1838, on account of the erection of the Lock Haven and Queen's Run dams, the ice gorged back and swept the house and all we possessed away, the family barely escaping with their lives. After my parents had recuperated sufficiently, so as to be able to live in a kind of way, I concluded to start out into the world for myself (how little I knew of it) and make a fortune. I had rafted and saved a little over a hundred dollars, and owned a fine flint lock gun. My idea was to work my way to the Rocky mountains and join the trappers. I had rela- tives living on the Sinnemahoning creek, and concluded to stop a day or two with them. While there, through persuasion, and it being then quite late in the fall, I decided not to go farther west until spring. So I hired to teach school for twelve dollars per month, and board around among the scholars. I taught three months and got along nicely. At the close of the school I made a speech, when most of the school wept, whether from joy or grief I never could learn. In the spring I decided to make a trip down the river on a raft, get some more money, and then ^tart west. I lan two rafts for my uncle, HON. COLEMflN GRUGflN, Hyner, Pa. PAST AND PKKSENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 337 Jacob Coleman, and Williaiu A. Simpson, now of the State bank of Lock Haven; ran them to Marietta. Then T got the measles, followed by the bilious fever, which brought me very near the point where the boats are anchored that ferry us across the river Jordan. But after two months I rallied. My uncle then agreed to take me as clerk in the store. I was with him two years (and never got a cent). The West gradually faded from my vision. I married Miss Margaret Shaffer, daughter of James Shaffer, who lived at -Sinnemahoning. I then quit the store and went up the first fork of the Sinnemahoning creek, calculating to make a fortune at lumbering. I put in two seasons of hard work and came out poorer than when I went in. Yet I paid all my debts, and for a time turned farmer. Before the elapse of two years my wife died, leaving me with two small children. Farming was not a success. Hence I left Sinnemahoning and came back to Grugan township. Here I taught school three months for twenty dollars per month and boarded myself. After this I had some good luck along with much bad. I hope I will not be accused of egotism when I say I am the only man raised in Grugan township who ever attained to the dignity of school teacher; I was the first to bring to the township a cultivator for working corn; the first to bring a two-horse wagon: the first to own a buggy; the first to own a threshing machine; the first to assist building a house and painting it — white; the first to draw a check for $2,000 (and lose every cent of it); first to be elected associate judge from up the river; first to build a brick house in Chapman town- ship; and last, but not least, the first to lay a flagstone pavement on Pair- view street. Lock Haven. I mention these not to boast, but that I have at least tried to accomplish something. Politically I never was a success. I several times aspired to be treas- urer of Clinton county, but always failed to get the nomination. During the time the Republicans ruled Clinton county (before their present advent) I was put on the Democratic ticket — without my consent — once, at least, for commissioner; once for auditor; once for coroner. I ran the several ordeals and suffered defeat with the rest of the ticket. When the Democrats came into power, nominations were no longer gifts. Yet, even then, I got the nomination for associate judge. My election was only accomplished by the untiring efforts of my particular friend, Herman Simons, and a few others who used their influence in my behalf. At the end of my term I intended retiring, but I happened to see the slate that was made out by the so-called "ring." The name of my colleague, Wil- liam Dunn, was on it; my name was not. At this I felt slighted, and concluded to try it alone, notwithstanding the "ring's" opposition — hence I got left. 1 was once afterward persuaded to run for the Legislature, which, after an expensive and laborious electioneering campaign, I suf- fered a ruinous defeat. This cured me of office-seeking. I decided I was not the style of a man the "dear people wanted." So, as Horace Greely said, " I returned to my crusts and my garrets." 338 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. A. G. McCLOSKEY. A. Gr. McCloskey was born June 1st, 1852, in Chapman township, Clinton county. Pa. His father was James C. McCloskey. Mr. McClos- key received his education in the common schools, and afterwards attended Dickinson seminary at Williamsport, Pa., and also graduated at the Williamsport Commercial college. Although he received a liberal edu- cation, he preferred the life of a farmer to any other, and to that occupa- tion he devotes his time. His home is a pleasant one, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, a short distance from Hyner, and his farm is what is known as " Bakerstown farm." Mr. McCloskey was married, in 1885, to AnnaBaird, of Liberty, Pa. Politically he is a Democrat, and promi- nent in the politics of his township, having held many of the township offices at different times. In connection witli his farming Mr. McCloskey has devoted part of his time to lumbering, but at present he is not in the latter business. He is one of the representative citizens of his township, and a descendent of one of its pioneer settlers. SALONA. SALONA is one of the oldest villages in Clinton county. About the year 1769 a woman named Mary Austin received a grant of the land lying on the north side of the village, known as the "Deep Spring Farm." This tract was sold in 1794 to Joel Ferree, who erected the house occupied for years by Samuel Wilson. About the year 1800, Grand- father Bressler, father of Judge Bressler, bought a tract of land, upon which he erected a grist mill, fulling nnll and still house. The still house stood near the present site of the stone mill. Joel Herr was the first miller in the grist mill. In 1 8 19 John McGhee purchased the said tract of land, and erected the stone mill now in use, and owned by John P. Heard and the heirs of George Herr. In 1822 George Leidy bought three acres of land, upon which he erected a dwelling and started a cabinet making shop. He afterwards changed the cabinet shop to a grain cradle fac- tory, where he manufactured the celebrated Leidy cradles. He sold one acre of his land to S. F. Sigmund, who built a dwelling and opened a tailor shop. About the same time George Smith opened a shoe shop on the lot now occupied by the stone house built by A. H. Best. In 1822 John Skinner and Nathaniel Holcomb purchased land and erected a foundry, and began the manufacture of plows. This foundry was located just where the foundry of Esenwine & Wilson now stands. About the year 1830 John Thompson erected a tannery and began operations. The village for a time was called "Mudtown," also Mc- Ghee's town, and afterwards Mechanicsburg. Finding that it was necessary to adopt some permanent name, the citizens on one occasion assembled in the school for that purpose. Mrs. Samuel Wilson, better known as Aunt Betsy Wilson, had on the day previons to the meeting read an article in 340 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the Christian Advocate, concerning the foreign missions, in which the name of Salonica, a city in Turkey, was men- tioned. She suggested the name to her husband, Samuel Wilson, who in his turn proposed at the citizens' meeting, that they adopt for their town the name of Salona. The new name was unanimously accepted and adopted. Aunt Betsy Wilson, who named the place, still lives within its limits. She has now passed the eightieth mile stone of her existence. In 1832 A. H. Best built a house and opened a store. He continued doing business in the same room for over thirty years, when George Bressler, Jr., succeeded him. The latter was succeeded by Andrew and E. C. Best. After doing business for several years, this firm dissolved, and Andrew Best carried on the business alone for a number of years. When A. H. Best opened the store, he also secured the post office. For a time the mail was brought from Mill Hall once each week, then twice a week, and it was a big day when the mail began to be carried daily. Samuel Herr succeeded A. H. Best as postmaster; then in their order came J. P. Heard, John Highlands, Samuel Bridgens, J. C. Sigmund, S. W. Sigmund, M. W. Herr, John J. Miller and S. F. Sigmund, the present postmaster. The first justice of the peace in Salona was George Leidy, afterwards elected to the Legislature; then Mark Wilson, who was succeeded by Hon. Joseph Quay. During the latter's term as justice, we find recorded in the docket the following marriage notice: Married this day, "A vagabond by the name of Joseph Force and Miss Betsy Bowden. May God forgive me for joining them." The next justice was David Heller, who was succeeded by J. C. Sigmund, the present justice. The first church was erected by the Methodists in 1828, about a half mile east of the town. About the same time the German Reformed and Lutherans built a log church on the hill, north of the town. These churches served as PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 34 1 places of worship for a number of years, when they became too small. Both congregations then erected larger struc- tures, which are still in use. The Disciples built a church in 1835, in the west end of the village, and afterwards sold it to the German Reformed congregation. The first physician of Salona was Dr. Noah F. Essig. He lived for a time near where the bridge crosses Fishing creek. He moved to Missouri in 1S37, where he died a few years ago. He was a native of Germany, and licensed to practice his profession at the age of eighteen. He after- wards studied several years in the city of Paris. He came to Centre county (now Clinton) in 1806, and it was through his efforts that the turnpike was made around the hill, in- stead of over it, as he lived at that time at the bend near the bridge. The other physicians who have resided in Salona have been Dr. George C. Harvey, Dr. John Grossman, Dr. Thompson, Dr. King, TTr. Henry Essig, Dr. Chambers, Dr. Leitzel, Dr. Samuel Adams, Dr. William Adams, Dr. Got- walt, Dr. Norris, Dr. G. Y. Beattie. Dr. Burrell, Dr. Ball, Dr. Holloway and the present resident physician, Dr. S. C. Consor. When the echoes of the guns of Fort Sumpter reached the quiet village of Salona, they found an answer in the hearts of half a hundred loyal sons of the stars and stripes. When the drums beat their call to arms, fifty men stepped in line and answered to the roll-call of duty from this little village. Many of them left to return no more, while others, who went forth in the full glory of youth and strength, re- turned broken in health, to take up the duties of life. Many of Salona's brave sons now sleep their last sleep in Cedar Hill cemetery; a few yet remain, l)ut their numbers are rap- idly growing less, and it will be but a few years until the last one of that band shall have answered to the last roll- call. Salona may well feel proud of her history. No other town in the state can boast of a better or a cleaner record 342 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The first school-house, of which we have any knowledge, was built about 1822, on the Thompson farm. The present school-house was erected in 1848, and ten years later an addition was built to it. It is a large two-story frame build- ing, containing four rooms. There are at present three churches — Lutheran, Methodist and Reformed; two schools, taught the past winter by W. A. Snyder and Miss Kate Caldwell; three general stores, kept by S. F. Sigmund, O. H. West and D. H. Herr; two blacksmith shops, kept by J. S. Bierly and Charles Shearer; one saddler shop, kept by John A. Shearer, and one tin and stove store, kept by S. W. Sigmund. PROMINENT MEN OF SALONA. DANIEL HERR. DANIEL IIERR was born near Salona, Clinton county, Pa., Feb- ruary 25th, 1828. He was a sou of Joel Herr, one of the pioneer settlers of Lamar township. Daniel Herr attended the schools of Lamar township until 1844, when he begnn teaching. His first term of school was taught in Cedar Springs school house. In 1848 he entered Dickinson seminary at Williamsport, attending the opening terra of that institution. After attending Dickinson seminary for one year lie went to Nanse, Mond county, Va., where he taught one term. He then returned to Clinton county, and after teaching another term again entered Dick- inson seminary, and took another year's course. He then returned to Salona, and followed teaching until 1864, when he was appointed county superintendent of Clinton county, to fill out the unexpired term of J. W. Snoddy. His term as superintendent expired June 1st, 1866. In the fall of that year he went to Williamsport, and took charge of the High school of that city for one term. He then came to Lock Haven, and taught the hist term of school held in the "Old Academy" building. In 1871 he was appointed sii[ierititei)dent of the Preparatory department of Dickinson seminary, which position he held until July, 1874 From that time until now he has taught every term in Lamar township. Daniel Herr was married Septemoer 18th, 1856, by Rev. Thomas Bowman to Mary Jane Leidy, daughter of John and Catharine Leidy. He is the father of five children, one daughter and four sons. The daughter died at an early age, and one son has also passed away. The other four are living, and have families of their own. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 343 B. F. KRAPE. B. F. Krape was born in Clinton county, Pa., August 11th, 1839. lie received his education at the Cedar Run school house, under such in- structors as Berkley, Bressler and Towns. lie learned the trade of coach- nuiking with Henry Krape at Salona, and worked at the business for a number of years. In August, 1862, he entered the nine months' service, eidisting in Company C, 137th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He received his discharge before the expiration of his term of service on ac- count of illness. On his return from the army he started a coach shop at Salona, and carried on the business for ten years. In 1880 he entered the mercantile business at Salona. In May, 1889, he sold his store to 0. H. West, and gave up business. The flood of June, 1889, then came, and almost totally destroyed Mr. Krape's entire property. His large store room was washed away and his lot flooded to the depth of fifteen feet. Since that time he has lived a retired life. S. F. SIGMUND. S. F. Sigmund was born at Salona in 1827, and educated in the com- mon schools of Nittany Valley. At eighteen years of age he began an ap- prenticeship at the shoemaking trade with William Gifford and Levi Liv- ingston, of Lock Haven. After serving the usual term as an apprentice, he worked for the same parties for eight years. In 1850 he began busi- ness for himself at Salona. At the breaking out of the Civil war, five persons enlisted at one time from his shop. In 1858 Mr. Sigmund started a general store in connection with his other business, and for a time was in partnership with his brother, 'Squire J. C. Sigmund. The partnership was dissolved, and since that time he has conducted the business alone. In 1891 he was appointed postmaster of Salona, to succeed Martin W. Herr. In 1850 Mr. Sigmund was married to Elizabeth Neyhart, of Elims- port, Lycoming county. Pa. They have two children, one son and one daughter. The former, Charles Sigmund, is now constable of Lamar township. In politics Mr. Sigmund is and has always been a Republican. He has held various township offices, and is at present, and has been for the past fifteen years, secretary of the Lamar township school district. JOHN A. SHEARER. John A. Shearer was born near the Old Fort, in Potter township, Centre county. Pa., March 20th, 1852. In 1854 the family came to Clinton county, and for five years resided on the G. M. McDowell farm, Lamar township. In 1859 they moved to Johnstown, Pa., where the subject of this sketch attended school until 1803. His father was killed about that time in a wreck on the railroad, and the family returned to Salona. In 1873 Mr. Shearer began an apprenticeship at the saddler trade with C. W. Rote, of Salona. After completing his trade he worked for a season at Clintondale with I. R. McGee; then returned to Salona, and started a shop of his own. Mr. Shearer was married A{)ril 7th, 1881, 344 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. to Dillie Thompson, a daughter of S. B, Thompson, at that time a resi- dent of Salona. They have two children, a son and a daughter. In politics he is an ardent Prohibitionist, having cast his first ballot for that party in 1873, and never voted any other ticket in his life. T. C. CONSER, M. D. Dr. T. C. Conser was born at Loganton, Pa., November 15th, 1863. He is a sou of Levi Conser. He attended the public schools until seven- teen years of age; then entered Union seminary, now Central Pennsyl- vania college, at New Berlin, Unioi\ county. Pa., and graduated from there June 15th, 1885. He then entered the office of Drs. Iloutz & Good- man, at Loganton, and read medicine for eighteen months. After sj)end- ing a season attending lectures at Jefferson Medical college, at Philadel- phia, he entered the office of Dr. P. T. Musser, of Aaronsburg, Centre county. Pa., where he remained until September, 1887, when he again en- tered the Jefferson Medical college, and graduated from there in April, 1888. After his return from college he located at Rebersburg, Centre county, where he took charge of the practice of Dr. J. W. Bright. In the spring of 1889 he located in Salona, and in the fall of 1891 he was mar- ried to Anna Gay Thompson, daughter of James Thompson, of Salona. MACKEYVILLE. M -\CKEYVILLE, formerly called Hamburg, is a snug little village, valley of Nittany. It contains loo or more inhabitants. The village is located in Lamar township, on the banks of Fish- ing creek. From Mr. James Porter we learn that about the year 1834 John Reesman built a blacksmith shop upon his land for William Courter. Soon after another house was erected and lined with slabs. The house is still standing. It was the first dwelling erected, and from it the village re- ceived the name of Slabtown, a name afterwards changed to Hamburg, and still later to Mackeyville. John Reesman also erected a saw mill and grist mill. The latter is yet in use, and owned by Robert Wolf The old mill has been lately remodeled, and greatly improved, by the addition of modern machinery. It is now one of the leading mills of the valley. In 1844 Mr. Reesman donated land for a Union church and a burying ground. The church was built through the efforts of such enterprising citizens as the Porters, Browns, Thompsons, Bradys, Heltmans, Maurers, Kryders and others. For twenty-five years it remained a Union church, controlled by the Evangelical association. From the plain, unpretentious spire of this church sways the first church bell used in Clinton county. Jacob Best added new interest to the place by laying out lots upon his lands adjoining those of Mr. Reesman. In 1870 the Dis- ciples of Christ effected an organization. A large brick church was erected and set apart to the worship of Almighty God, November 15th, 1871. The Methodist con- gregation worshiped in the Union church until the com- pletion of their present brick structure, which was dedicated December, 1883. 23 346 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Twenty-five years ago the graded school was estabhshed. Until the year 1865 the citizens of Mackeyville received their mail at Salona. At this time a post-office was estab- lished, and in honor of Hon. L. A. Mackey, then in Con- gress, the name of the village was changed to Mackeyville. T. J. SmuU was appointed postmaster, and has held the position ever since. The flood of June ist, 1889, visited Mackeyville, doing much damage. Five persons lost their lives, being swept away by the rushing waters. Much valuable property was destroyed. Houses, barns, bridges, household goods, farm implements and live stock were carried away. The store and dwelling of T. J. SmuU were carried away, with all they contained. His large iron safe was carried away, and not found for many months. The people at once began to re- pair the damage done to their property, until now the town has reached its former state of prosperity and beauty. T. J. Smull, profiting by experience, rebuilt his store and dwell- ing "upon a rock," or at least upon an elevation where the floods cannot reach him. He conducts a general store, and does a flourishing business. Hon. George J. Eldred now resides in the village, in a beautiful dwelling erected but a short time ago. This ven- erable and honored citizen has been in ill-health for several years, and at present writing is unable to leave his home. Dr. Dumm owns and occupies a fine residence and office in the village, and enjoys a lucrative practice. Joseph Hayes conducts a general store, and is building a beautiful home for himself in the upper end of the village. A flourishing Y. W. C. T. U. exists in the village, and does much good in its way. The organization recently lost two of its best members in the persons of Mrs. Dr. Dumm and Lillie Harvey. There is no hotel in the village, but travelers are entertained by several private families. There never was a licensed hotel in the place, but in the early days of its hi.story liquor was sold. Mackeyville is also HON. GEORGE J. ELDRED, Mackeyville. Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 347 the home of Miss Puella Dornblazer, one of the leading members, and at present president of the county organiza- tion of the Women's Christian Temperance union. The name Hamburg, it is claimed by some, was bestowed on the place by Hon. Joseph Quay, who had missed several fine hams from his smoke house, which he concluded were stolen by the citizens of Slabtown. The true version is, however, given as follows: "In the early history of the place, the town was frequently visited by a German peddler, who extolled to the inhabitants of Slabtown the virtures and attractions of his native place, Hamburgh, in Germany. He so worked on the feelings of the inhabitants, that they determined to call their town Hambursr." BIOGRAPHY. HON. GEORGE JARVIS ELDRED. HON. GEORGE JARVIS ELDRED was born at Eklredville, Sul- livan county, Pa., Februai-y 18lh, 1818. He attended the district schools of his native place until he was sixteen years of age, when he, in company with his two elder brothers, Charles D., now ex- Judge Eldrcd, of Muucy, Lycoming county, Pa., and John, later known as Dr. John Eldred, of Lock Haven, Pa., wended his way to the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, in Lycoming county, and spent the next five years teaching school at Muncy, Long Reach, Williamsport and Jersey Shore. During this time he read law, and expected to enter the legal profession, but having contracted a disease of the throat, which very nuich interfered with his speaking, he abandoned this resolution, and, upon the organization of Clinton county, in 1839, he removed to Mill Hall, Pa., where he taught school two terms, and followed the same occupation for two terms in Porter township; was married September, 1842, to Salina Devling, daughter of William Devling, of Porter town- ship, and the same year went to Ohio and thence to Michigan. While in i\liehigan he was appointed postmaster at Walled Lake, Oakland county, and retained that position for three years, when he returned to Porter township and engaged in farming on the Devling farm, where he re- mained for seven years, at which time his wife died. There were six ctiildren by this marriage, named William Devling, Charles Dodsou, George Jarvis, John Williamson, Robert Clayton and Joseph. Joseph 348 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. died while an infant, and was buriud in the same coffin with his mother. George was drowned when a child, and Charles died in a field hospital, while in the army, and, is said, buried at City Point. His remains could not be found. In 1853 Mr, Bldred was elected, by the Democrats, a member of the House of Representatives in the district composed of Clinton, Lycoming and Potter counties; was nominated for a second term without opposition, but the Know Nothing wave swept the country that year, and he was defeated. In 1853 he was again married to Miss Margaret Porter, daughter of James Porter, of Lamar township, when he left the Devling farm and purchased and removed to the Porter home- stead farm, near Hamburg, now Mackeyville. Their children are one son and three daughters, all living. The son, James Porter Eldred, went to Kansas in 1878, was married, and is in business in Glen El- der, Mitchell county. The daughters are Kate, now the wife of D. I. Mc- Naul, of Lock Haven ; Jennie, married to Willard S. Meyer, of Clinton- dale, and Mary Frances, unmarried and living at home. In 1878 Mr. Eldred was again nominated and elected by the Democrats to represent the county of Clinton in the Legislature for the term of 1879 and 1880. In early life he united with the Presbyterian church, and for forty con- secutive years he was the leader and superintendent of the Union Sab- bath school at the village near his home. He was a great reader and pro- found thinker, and was always found at the head of every religious, liter- ary and social enterprise with which the people of his neighborhood were connected, and even to this day it is the delight of the young people of the neighborhood to sit and listen to him recite from Shakespeare, Burns, Pope and Homer, or at other times to disclose the hidden and explain the difficult passages of the scripture. In the spring of 1892, at the advanced age of 74 years, he retired from his farm and moved into the village of Mackeyville, where he now resides with his wife and only single daughter. ROTE. THE village of Rote is located in Lamar township, near Flat Roch, on the road to Sugar Valley. Just when its first dwelling was built we did not learn. However, in 1877, it contained eight dwellings and about forty inhabi- tants. Since then several other buildings have been erected. There are now about thirteen dwellings, one cigar manufac- tory, two stores— one kept by Henry Romig, and one by John S. Bathurst— one blacksmith shop, kept by Simon Brum- gard. There is no hotel in the place, but John Bathurst PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 349 and Henry Romig each furnish accommodations to the traveling pubHc. The first post-office in the village was es- tablished in 1880, through the efforts of John Bathurst and his son, A. C. Bathurst. The former received his commis- sion as first postmaster December 13th, 1880. The place was named Rote by S. Miller McCormick and John W. Harris, the latter being postmaster at Lock Haven at the time the post-office was established. The village contains eighty seven inhabitants. Owing to its location and lack of industries it is not probable that the village of Rote will ever become a town of any great importance. The inhabitants of the place are an honest, industrious set of people, who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow. The village contains one church, but no school house. The flood of 1889 played sad havoc with the section of country in which the place is located, although it caused no serious damage to the village itself CEDAR SPRINGS. CEDAR SPRINGS, located in Lamar township, derived its name from the number of cedars that grew in the vicinity, and from the fact that Cedar run is spring water. It is located about two miles north from Mackeyville, and six miles southwest from Lock Haven. Cedar run, a stream noted for its purity and usefulness, rises near the line of Clinton and Centre counties, traverses the valley five miles, and empties into Fishing creek at Cedar Springs post-office. Arrow heads, scalping knives, tomahawks and other Indian relics found along Cedar run, show that the "Red man of the forest" once used this place as his "happy hunting ground." A school house was erected in the year 1841, near the public highway leading from Lock Haven to Bellefonte, and about one-eighth of a mile from what is now Cedar 350 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Springs post-office. This was a frame building, somewhat improved on those formerly built in Lamar township. A few years later a substantial brick building was erected in place of the old frame, and it is used for educational pur- poses at present. John S. Furst, Esq., son of John George Furst, who came from near Sunbury in the year 1800, was born in the east end of Nittany valley, December 8th, 181 1. He worked on his father's farm until he was eighteen years old, receiving only a common school education. About the year 1824 Samuel Hepburn & Co. started a store at Cedar Springs. In 1833 they were succeeded by John S. Furst, who con- tinued the mercantile business in connection with farming. In 1867 he built a large grist and flouring mill. This structure was destroyed by fire some years later. A new and larger mill was built on the site of the old mill, and has been improved, until at present it has a capacity of sixty barrels of flour per day. Mr. Furst always transacted busi- ness with a partner. The following were his partners in the order names occur: Joseph Brown, W. W. Brown, and his son, L. C. Furst. He was finally succeeded by his three sons, Albert S., Robert S. and Luther C, who still continue the business their father established. During his last fifteen years he lived a retired life at Lock Haven. In the summer, 1890, after his wife's death, he again returned to Cedar Springs. Here the record of his successful life was sealed February 19th, 1892. His remains were laid to rest in Cedar Hill cemetery. Thomas J. Fox, a prominent resident of the place, was born in Muncy township, Lycoming county, Pa., June 6th, 1820. He worked in his father's saw mill until he was twenty-two years of age. His school life was short, but he acquired an education by self-application. He came to Cedar Springs March 6th, 1847. Five years later he moved on what is now the William McKibben farm, and remained there for ten years. He then returned to his present farm, at Cedar Springs. This is one of the best and most produc- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 35 1 tive farms in the vicinity. Mr. Fox was appointed postmaster during Pierce's administration, and held the position until the year 1887, when he resigned. He has been a liberal contributor to the cause of Christianity, and has always taken an active interest in politics. Politically he is a Dem- ocrat. W. M. Everheart, the present sheriff of Clinton county, owns a fine farm joining Furst Brothers on the north. He was appointed postmaster in the year 1887, and holds the position at present. Frederick Powers, son of George Powers, (deceased,) who came to Nittany valley in the year 1837, owns a comfort- able home, situated on a prominent knoll about one-eighth of a mile from Cedar Springs post-office. Besides those already mentioned there are the following : Thomas R. Stevenson, Charles Wasson, William Seyler, John Rine and William Kessinger, all of whom are prom- inent citizens of the vicinity. Parvin and Abdera, located in Porter township, are new post-offices, being established in the year 1887. We will consider these under one heading, and speak of the resi- dents briefly, as space will not permit us to give them the attention they so well deserve. The principal occupation of the people is agriculture. Some of the finest farms, barns and residences in Nittany valley can be seen here. Generally speaking, the people are refined, moral and industrious. William Knecht, Sr., the present postmaster of Parvin, owns a large grist and flouring mill, which was built of stone by S. Harv^ey, of Philadelphia, Pa., over seventy-five years ago. Mr. Knecht bought the mill about twenty years ago. Its present capacity is fifty barrels of flour per twenty- four hours. The following persons own fine farms, and are substantial citizens: William Strunk, Joseph Allison, Henry Zeigler, John Yearick, Solomon Thompson, Joel A. Herr and James Stevenson. 352 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. TYLERSVILLE. TYLERSVILLE, a village of Logan township, is located about four miles west of Booneville. Its founder was M. D. Rockey, a son of Barnet Rockey, who came from Gregg township, Centre county, Pa., in 1826. M. D. Rockey built the first residence in the village in 1842. He pur- chased the land upon which to build his house from Paul Frantz, the father of ex-Judge Frantz, who came to the valley from Bucks county in 1833. Paul Frantz died in 1864, and his wife in 1857. Both are buried in the ceme- tery surrounding the Lutheran church, which stands on land given by him for church purposes in 1841. The first store in the village was kept by Barnet Raff, and, after changing owners several times, fell into the hands of William Harter, the present store-keeper of the village. The name Tylersville was conferred upon the village by M. D. Rockey and his brother Henry, in honor of John Tyler, who at the time was a candidate for the position he afterwards filled as president of the United States. At the present time the village contains two churches, (Evangelical and Lutheran, and German-Reformed com- bined). There are two schools in the place; taught in 1891 and 1892 by Daniel Karstetter and Alexander Greninger, two stores kept by William Harter and E. M. Grimes, (the latter also follows the tailoring business,) three blacksmith shops, one run by John Bierly & Son, another by Harvey Bierly, and the last, which is a carriage and wagon shop, by A. J. Albright & Son, a saddler shop run by Henry Shreck- engast, an undertaking establishment, run by S. S. Glantz, and one grist and saw mill, owned and run by Judge Frantz & Son. The hotel accommodations of the place are not very extensive, but travelers are cared for by David Gingerich and Harvey Bierly. I' AST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 353 BIOGRAPHIES. M. D. ROCKEY. MD. ROCKEY, the founder of Tylersvillo, Clinton county, Pa., was born March 22d, 1815, in what is now Gregg township. Centre 1 county. At the age of fourteen Mr. Rockey began carrying mail from Jersey Shore to Aaronsburg, Centre county. Tiie route was long and very lonely, as few settlers lived between the two places. At one time, it is said, he ran from Tylcrsville to Loganton, a distance of eight miles, carrying the mail bag on his back, in just one hour, which was pretty good time to make considering all things. 'Squire Rockey carried the mail between the above named points for sixteen years. In 1844 he was elected constable of Logan township, which office he held for five years. He was then elected justice of the peace, an office he has filled up to tlie present time with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. He has filled nearly every office in his township, and has during his term as justice settled sixty-six estates, besides doing a great deal of surveying and collecting. 'Squire Rockey received his education in the public schools, which at that early day offered few advantages. Yet the good judgment and business qualifications which he possessed has made him a successful man. His mother, who died in Stevenson county, Hlinois, in 1857, had reached the great age of 102 years, 11 months and 24 days. ISAAC FRANTZ. One of the leading citizens of Tylersville is Hon. Isaac Prantz. Judge Prantz was born in Hill Town, Bucks county, Pa., December 21st, 1823. His father moved to Sugar Valley in the spring of 1833, and settled on a tract of 400 acres of land, a part of which is now embraced in the village of Tylersville. Here Judge Prantz received a limited education in the common schools, and at the age of 22 began an apprenticeship at the car- penter trade, an occupation which he has followed in connection with farming ever since. In politics Judge Prantz is a Democrat. He has filled the numerous township offices at various times and served as asso- ciate judge of Clinton county from 1881 to 1885. He was married August 21st, 1849, to Panny Kettner, a daughter of Michael and Susanna Kettner, of Logan township. They have had six children, two of whom are dead. Their daughter, Isabella J., is married to Philip T. Sehreck- engast. The others are Pruella S., Israel R. and Mary A. Prantz. The judge yet owns a part of the original farm purchased by his father. BOONEVILLE. BOONEVILLE, with a population of lOO, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of Fishing creek, on the Summer Side of Sugar Valley, about three miles west of 354 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the borough of Loganton. The village contains about twenty-five dwellings, a post-office, two churches — Lutheran and Evangelical — one blacksmith shop and one cooper shop. The village at present contains one well-stocked store, con- ducted by W. H. Strohecker. The land upon which the village is situated originally belonged to what was known as the Wistar tract, and was purchased in 1834 by Dr. Samuel Strohecker, of Rebersburg, Centre county, Pa. Dr. Strohecker divided the portion purchased by him into smaller tracts. The one on which Booneville is located passed into the hands of John and Ralph Boone, who laid it out into lots, which they sold in 1866. Thus the credit of establishing the village belongs to them, and hence the name Booneville. Everything indicates that Booneville will become, at some time, an important and flourishing town. The village is surrounded by rich farming lands, and is blessed with an abundance of pure water. The location is a remarkably healthy one, and the town affords a desirable place of residence. This fact is being appreciated by the prosperous farmers of that section, and one by one they are retiring to neat and cozy homes in the village of Booneville. LOGAN MILLS. LOGAN MILLS is a small village located in Logan town- ship, about two miles west from Booneville, on a cross road leading from the Summer Side to the Winter Side of Sugar Valley. The place contains ten dwellings, one store and a post-office, one saw mill and a stone grist mill, which was built by Colonel Anthony Kleckner, about the year 1840. At the death of Colonel Kleckner the mill passed into the hands of other parties, and was finally purchased by J. Ilgen & Son, its present owners. Logan Mills is the home of Harvey Kleckner, ex-commissioner of Clinton county. Mr. Kleckner has a fine, large farm here and a beautiful home. The place has not improved much in the last few years, and, unless the coming railroad should cause a boom, is not likely to become a town of any great importance. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTi'. 355 BIOGRAPHY. H. B. KLECKXER. HB. KLECKXER was born at Loean Mills. December 6th, 1843. His father, Robert Kleckner, was a son of Col. Anthony Kleckner. one ' of the pioneer settlers of Sugar Valley. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools. In 1870 he purchased the Kleckner homestead from his father and began farming, an occupation he has fol- lowed suec-essfully ever since. In 1887 he was elected county commis- sioner, and served one term. He also received the nomination for a second term, but withdrew from the field before election. H. B. Kleckner was married January 1st, 1869. to Catharine Boone, of Green-Burr. They have three d.*iughters. Mr. Kleckner is an ardent Democrat, and a very useful member of his party. He has filled various township offices at different times in the most satisfactory manner. GREEN-BURR. GREEN-BURR, formerly called Greenville, is located in Logan township, on the Winter Side of Sugar Valley, almost directly opposite Booneville. The place at present contains about twenty- dwellings, and has a population of about IQD. Green-Burr was at one time the home of Rev. A. D. Rowe. a former superintendent of Clinton county. Rev. Rowe died in India, where he had gone as a mission- ary. His death occurred in 1S83. The village contains one church — German Reformed — which was built in 1S67. It might also be said to contain another church — Evangelical — which is located but a short distance from the village, on the Winter Side road. This church was erected in 1S77. It was the second church built in the valley. The Green-Burr post-office was established here in May, 1SS2. J. B. Rowe be- ing the first postmaster. Near the village of Green-Burr is the farm and residence of Samuel Kahl. who is one ot the leading citizens of Sugar Valley. Mr. Kahl has, at several times, been a candidate for sheriff, but as yet has not been successful. He is a leading politician of his township, and a pleasant and courteous gentleman, who entertains his friends in royal style. 356 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Thecitizens of this section are industrious and prosperous. A short distance from Green-Burr is the place where differ- ent parties have prospected for coal. That mineral exists in the valley is a certainty, but further examination is necessary to determine the exact location of the bed, and the quantity and quality of the material. In case the railroad is completed through the valley, these beds will be thoroughly developed. RAUCHTOWN. RAUCHTOWN, a village containing about 350 inhab- itants, is located on the main road, between Jersey Shore and Sugar Valley. It derives its name from the name of the family who were among the first to settle in the village, and who owned most of the land on which it is located. It grew naturally, without any intention on the part of the owner to make or form a town, and at this time contains a public school, a first-class country store, post- office, with a daily mail, grist mill, saw mill, hotel, saloon, cobbler's shop, carpenters and joiners' shop, wheel wright shop, and smith shop; three churches are within a half mile, mile and mile and a quarter of the village, belonging re- spectively to the Lutherans, German Methodists and Epis- copal Methodists. Although the village is called Rauchtown, the post-office is called Ranch's Gap. The first store in the village was started in i860 by George Rauch. The hotel was first opened by John Metzger in 1873. The house has no license. The only licensed house in the town at present is a saloon, kept by Israel Fravel, one of the best known individuals in Clinton county. Mr. Fravel is a staunch old war horse of the Democratic school, whose house is a boon to the thirsty traveler whose business calls him to Rauchtown, and few persons pass that way who do not stop for a season under his hospitable roof PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 35/ BIOGRAPHY. JOHN W. GROUP. JOHN W. GROUP, a resident of the village of JiauL'htown, was born therein in the year 1844, lie was reared to the business of farming- He attended the public school in the village until the age of sixteen years, at which time he had mastered all the branches then taught in the common school. At the age of nineteen he tauglit school in Clinton county, Wayne township, without any further prei)aration. After coming to his majority he worked in the lumber woods to accumulate funds to attend school. With this earnings and the assistance of an old and valued friend, Jacob Getgeu, now deceased, a resident of the same locality, he was enabled to take a course of study, embracing a period of two years at the Williamsport Dickinson seminary. He afterwards taught school, and labored in the lumber woods to pay his debts and continue his education. Having accumulated sufficient means, he spent two years in the University of Michigan. This closed his school life. He read law with S. D, Ball, Esq,, of Lock Haven, Pa., and was admitted to the bar of Clinton county in 1874, Since that time, in con- nection with a great deal of other business, he has practiced his profes- sion in the courts of both Clinton and Lycoming counties. Hi politics he is an uncompromising DemocJat, and has always been a diligent and hard worker in the ranks of his party. FARRANDSVILLE, FIFTY years ago the most important business place in Clinton county was Farrandsville. The town received its name from William P. Farrand, who came to the spot in the winter of 183c, as agent for a company of Boston capitalists. At that time there was no road to the place, and it could only be reached on horseback at times when the river was low. William P. Farrand broke a path into the mountains through three feet of snow in his efforts to discover and open the bituminous coal beds at this point, and often spent whole nights in the hills without shelter or food. The coal was to be shipped to the Eastern markets, and the manufacture of iron, lumbering, etc., was to be carried on at Farrandsville. A steamboat was constructed for the purpose of carrying material up and down the river. The boat was called the Farrand, and for a time she went 358 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. puffing up and down the Susquehanna. William P. Far- rand left, and other agents took his place from time to time. A vi.sitor to Farrandsville in 1835 speaks of the place as follows: "The Lycoming Coal company, the proprietors of Farrandsville, have a good farm of 200 acres, a short dis- tance above the village. Lick run is a strong, steady stream. On it is erected a large nail establishment, capable of manufacturing, from pig metal, ten tons of nails per day. There is also an air and cupola furnace, which in the last six months has turned out nearly 300 tons of castings. There are mills for sawing lumber of every description, shingles, lath, etc. There is also an establishment for man- ufacturing railroad cars on a large scale. There are now three veins of coal opened, and the schutes in place ; two miles of railroad communicating with the different mines, and fifty coal cars completed, ready for use. One branch of the road runs to the nail works, which are calculated to consume 5,000 tons of coal per year. An extensive rolling mill is in progress, and a furnace for smelting iron ore with coke will be erected in a short time immediately below the nail works. Farrandsville proper is situated on the Susquehanna. On the mountain where the coal mines have been opened there are a number of build- ings, where the miners and their families reside, with a street running between them, and at the foot of the moun- tain, at Lick run, there are also large boarding houses and habitations for artisans and their families. These three separate towns, however, all belong to the community of Farrandsville, which contains a large hotel, far advanced in its erection, two reputable taverns, three large boarding houses and upwards of ninety tenements, each calculated to render a family entirely comfortable. Here arc inexhausti- ble mines of iron, with the bituminous coal for smelting it, and all the elements for building up a manufacturing estab- lishment capable of supplying iron in all its forms to our widely extended and populous country." Operations were driven forward rapidly, but not to any great degree of profit to the company. After spending over i^/oo,- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 359 000 the proprietors began to wake up to the fact that their loss exceeded their profit, and in order to investigate they sent a shrewd Yankee iron master to Farrandsville, who soon reported that there was no money to be made, and advised them to cease operations and pocket their loss, which they did. The failure of the works has been attributed to various circumstances, but perhaps the real cause was lavish ex- penditures, inefficient management, and inferior transporta- tion facilities, the great distance from which the ore was ob- tained, and finally a disagreement among the members of the company. After the Lycoming Coal company sus- pended operations, they sold the property to John Stearns, who in 1845 or 1846 sold an interest to George Hobson. The firm of Stearns & Hobson then sold the furnace prop- erty and part of the land to D. K. Jackman and others, who in their turn sold out to John and Christopher Fallon. The Fallons, it is said, used funds belonging to the Queen of Spain to make the purchase, they having collected consid- erable money due her from interests she possessed in this country. She gave them permission to invest the funds, which they did. The investment was rather disastrous to the Queen, as the Fallon Brothers were not more successful than their predecessors had been. They soon sold out to James McHcnry, who sold a portion of the lands, including Minersville, (as the upper villages were called,) and the property where the rolling mill stood to Fredericks & Munro, who in 1873 built their extensive fire brick works, which have been in continual operation ever since. During the time the Lycoming Coal company operated the works, they built a fine large hotel on the river bank, a few rods above the bridge, and also built a handsome residence for the agent of the company, near the hotel. Both buildings at that time attracted considerable attention on account of their size and architecture. The hotel was a popular resort, and well patronized for many years. It was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1892. The agent's house is now unoc- cupied and fast going to ruin, and the rooms that once echoed to mirth and gayety are desolate and empty. The 360 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. solitary owl and the winged bat are their only inhabitants, but the old mansion is still a gloomy and silent monument of the past grandeur of Farrandsville. Farrandsville is at present a busy place. Its chief in- dustries are Fredericks & Munro's fire brick works, E. H. Young & Brother's cigar manufactory, and Fredericks & Co.'s lumber mills. CIGAR MANUFACTORY. One of the most important industries of Farrandsville is the cigar manufactory of E. H. Young & Brother. The Young family moved from Lycoming county to Farrands- ville in 1870. The two brothers, E. H. and W. T. Young, started their cigar factory in 1882, in a dwelling house, and turned out, as a result of their first year's work, 160,000 cigars. They sold during the year of 1891 1,250,000 cigars. The first year they employed but three persons, and now employ from twenty-five to thirty. Their trade increased so rapidly, that in 1890 they were obliged to erect a suitable structure in which to carry on their exten- sive business. They, therefore, built the large and com- modious building they no\y occupy, which is a handsome structure, containing three stories and a basement. The building is one of the best arranged and equipped structures used for its purpose in the county. The Young Brothers occupy handsome and cosy residences near their factory, and W. T. Young, the senior member of the firm, owns and conducts a general store at Farrandsville, and also acts as traveling salesman for the firm. E. H, Young gives his personal attention to the management of the business, and R. E. Young, another brother, attends to the packing and shipping department. E. H. Smith, as foreman, also looks after the interests of the firm in a general way. The Young Brothers owe their success to their own industry and thrift. They now have the confidence of the public, and are con- stantly adding to their worldly possessions. They have built up the section around them, and now own, besides the factory, seven or eight valuable dwellings. o < n PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 36 1 GLEN UNION. GLEN UNION is a small village in Grugan township. The place received its name because of the close proximity of two glens through which Baker's run and Baker's mill run pass. It was named by J. C. Past, formerly superintendent of the West Branch Canal & Lock company. The village proper is located on the west side of the Susque- hanna, and consists of about fifteen double houses, a church and school house. The railroad station and a few houses are on the east side of the river. A new station has lately been erected a few rods above the old one, and the postmas- ter, J. K. P. Grugan, has the post-office in his residence. The chief industry at Glen Union at the present time is the shipping of prop and mining timber to the anthracite coal fields by the Glen Union Lumber company. This company began operations in 1890. The main office of the company is at No. 1 10 South Centre street, Pottsville, Pa. The officers of the company are as follows : E. L. Bullock, of Audenried, Schuylkill county, president ; J. W. Beecher, of Pottsville, Pa., secretary and treasurer. C. K. Sober, of Lewisburg, is the general manager, and his nephew, E. J. Sober, foreman. This company has erected a steam saw and planing mill, with a capacity for sawing 40,000 feet of lumber per day. The main part of their business is the shipping of prop timber, an average of five car loads being shipped from Glen Union station every day. The lumber is all carried across the river by means of a cable bridge hung on two wire cables, and worked by a stationary engine on the west side of the river, capable of bearing a weight of eight tons. The lumber is all loaded on trucks, which are run on the bridge and fastened. The engine is then started and the bridge carried to the east side, where the cars are unloaded. The invention was designed and patented by the Trenton Iron company, of Trenton, N. J., and is the only one of the kind in use in the world, so far as known. The power is furnished for the saw mill by an eighty-five horse 21 362 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. power engine. From fifty to seventy-five men are given steady employment. A dinkey engine is used to carry the logs to the mill and the prop timber to the bridge. A neat and cozy station has been built by the company. It con- tains a handsome waiting room, ticket office, telegraph office, store room and ware room. A very pretty residence has also been built by the company, which is occupied as a dwelling by C. K. Sober, and used as a stopping place for the members of the firm and their friends, who frequently visit the place. The Glen Union company will, in all prob- ability, open up the coal and clay mines in the vicinity in a short time, and if this is done the coming historian will have more to say of the village of Glen Union. HAMMERSLEY'S FORKS. HAMMERSLEY'S FORKS post-office, or the village of Trout Run, is located in Leidy township, at the junction of Trout run and Kettle creek. The place con- tains two general stores, kept by Hamilton Fish and Frederick Goodman, a coach and blacksmith shop, run by James Sullivan. Trout Run village contains about fifty inhabitants. It is pleasantly located in sight of "Ox- Bow Bend." There is one church in the village. It was built about twenty-five years ago. It is a frame struc- ture, owned by the Methodist denomination. The present pastor of the church is Rev. Sterns. There is one school in the place, and an excellent hotel, owned and successfully, kept by that veteran hotel man, John Gartsee. The house is well arranged and well kept. It contains suitable accom- modations for about thirty guests, and is a great resort for sportsmen, who frequent the Kettle creek region in search of game and fish, both of which have been abundant in days gone by. The post-office is called Hammersley's Forks. Jt js kept by Hamilton Fish. The village, located as it is cIOHN GARTSEE, Hammehsley's Forks, Pa PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 363 in tlic heart of a fine farming region, is quite a pleasant place. It is located about fourteen miles from Westport, and per- sons desiring to visit the place must leave the railroad at Westport and go by stage or private conveyance. BIOGRAPHIES. JOHN GARTSEE. JOHN GARTSEE, proprietor of the Trout Run house, and one of the leading citizens of Leidy township, was born in Chenango county, N, Y., in 1839. Ilis parents emigrated from Ireland, and located in the above named county at a very early date. At the age of twenty- two Mr. Gartsee entered the army, enlisting in Company C, 61st New York Regiment, and after his first term of enlistment expired he re- enlisted in Company C, 157th New York Regiment, and served during the entire war. On receiving his discharge he went to Portland, Maine, where he remained four years. He then came to Clinton county, and located at Hammersley's Forks, where he took charge of the Trout Run house, which he has kept ever since. John Gartsee is a prominent and influential citizen of not only Leidy township, but of Clinton county. He has filled the various offices of the townsliip at different times, and held the position as postmaster of the village for nine years and three months, under a Republican administration. He received his appointment through the late Hon. Simon Cameron, and filled the position to the en- tire satisfaction of both parties. His reputation as a landlord is wide- spread, and as a man he enjoys the confidence and respect of all. He is an uncompromising Democrat, and one of the leaders of his party in the section in which he resides. He is a hotel man of experience, and knows how to make his guests comfortable. No one ever visited his house, as a friend or guest, who was not well pleased with the treatment re- ceived at his hands. HAMILTON FISH. Hamilton Fish, one of the leading business men and most prom- inent citizens of Leidy township, was born June 6th, 1830, in the town of Campbell, state of Maine. He came to Leidy township March 12th, 1854. The first seven years after he came to the township he was employed by the firm of Merriman, Corbett & Co., lumbermen. This firm gave up business when the war broke out, and Mr. Fish rented their saw mill and farm, and retained possession of both until 1865, when the mill was destroyed by the flood. Mr. Fish is now engaged in the general mercantile business, and is considered one of the successful business meu of Clinton county. 364 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. NICHOLAS WATT. Nicholas Watt, better known as 'Squire Watt, was born in Schuylkill county, May 30th, 1834. He is one of the pioneer settlers of Kettle creek. He came to that region in September, 1848. 'Squire Watt is a useful citizen. He is a carpenter, a surveyor, and the only undertaker in his township. He was married January 5th, 1857, to Lois Sumraerson, a dauijhter of one of the first settlers of Clinton county, the mother of Mrs. Watt being the first white child born on Kettle creek, and also the first white woman married in the Kettle creek region. In 18G0 Mr. Watt was elected justice of the peace for Leidy township, a position which he has held ever since. 'Squire Watt's court is quite a prominent feature of Leidy township, and so well satisfied are all with his verdicts that there has never been but two appeals made from his decis- ions during his long term of office, and one of these two was afterwards settled, and his decision sustained in the other case. During his term of office as justice of the peace he has married 154 couples. He wns elected one of the jury commissioners of Clinton county in 1887, which position he acceptably filled. WOOLRICH. WOOLRICH, a village of 100 inhabitants, is nestled in a valley through which flows Chatham's run. a pure mountain stream of free stone water. The principal indus- try of the place is the woolen mill of John Rich & Brothers. Tobacco growing, farming and a saw mill make up the bal- ance of industry. A school house and a newly repaired church is located here. An Epworth league and a literary society give advantages to the young who manifest an in- terest in both societies. The woolen business is co-existent with the place, having been established in 1830. It has kept abreast of the times, introducing the latest improved machinery, and to-day is a complete equipped two-set yarn, flannel and blanket mill, with the addition of a knitting department of twelve machines for the knitting of lumbermen's leggings, mittens, socks, etc. Lock Haven, seven miles distant, is connected by telephone. HAMILTON FISH, Hammersley's Forks, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 365 LOCKPORT. THE village of Lockport is located on the opposite side of the river from Lock Haven. It is located on what was at one time the Nathaniel Hannafarm. It was laid out in lots at about the same time Lock Haven was started. In 1800 there was a distillery, located in what is now known as Still Hollow. In 1834 the old Hanna hotel was built. It was kept for a time by J. P. Huling, afterwards by Coleman Huling, Hoaglander, Alexander Mahon, Benjamin Myers, also by a man named Vosburg, and last by R. M. Hanna. This hotel burned in 1858. The Woodward house was built in 1847. Benjamin Myers kept hotel in this house until 1852. From that date until 1858 William Quigley had charge of the house. Sheriff Hanna was the next landlord. In 1866 the Wood- ward house was sold to John Ferguson & Co. The build- ing is now used as a store and dwelling by Lewis Hoover. In 1853 the post-office was established. Thomas Bailey was first postmaster. The office was for a time called Love- land. The western addition to the town was at one time a part of the Joseph Hanna farm, which was purchased in 1855 by William White, and by him laid out into lots. The first store in the village of Lockport was kept by William Caldwell, next by Hanna & Sons, and also by Henry Schultz. Mrs. Agnes Bigger started a store in the place in 1842. This store was afterwards kept by Thomas Blackburn. The first brewery was built in i860 by Baucher & Garger. It was burned in 1863. Baucher rebuilt it, and in 1865 he sold to Widman & Pepper. It was again burned in Feb- ruary, 1876, and was rebuilt by Rudolph Widman the same year. The Mackey property, containing fifty acres of land, and located on the hill, was purchased by Hon. L, A. Mackey 356 PAST And present of clintoK county. in 1854 from Nathaniel Hanna. Mr. Mackey expended a great deal of money in improving and fitting up the place. It was beautifully laid out, and tastefully decorated vith or- namental trees and shrubs. The place is now owned by Dr. F. P. Ball, of Lock Haven. Lockport was at one time the head market for the lumber floated down the West Branch. Two thousand eight hun- dred rafts were floated down the river in one season. The hotel, kept at one tim.e by R. M. Hanna, entertained 20,000 men during one rafting season. One thousand four hun- dred persons were fed at this hotel in one day. The Wood- ward house also entertained as high as 25,000 men in one season. These were the good old times of which our fathers speak. Those days were prosperous ones for Lock- port and Lock Haven, but they have gone to return no more. In a short time rafting will be a thing of the past. The children of the next generation will look in vain for a raft of square timber on the West Branch. At present there are about sixty-five dwellings in the village of Lockport, and the place contains about 300 in- habitants. There is one store in the village, kept by Lewis Hoover ; one blacksmith shop, kept by Daniel Mulachai ; one brewery, run by Rudolph Widman, and one school house. The June flood of 1889 did considerable damage to Lock- port. LAMAR. LAMAR is situated in the southwestern part of Clinton county, on the Nittany and Brush valley turnpike, about twelve miles from Lock Haven. Its location is such as cannot fail to attract the attention of those who are at- tracted by beauty. Fishing creek, as it goes rushing through and past it ; the beautiful woods, the fine roads and PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 367 the romantic surroundings all contribute to make Lamar one of the most beautiful and healthy situated villages in the count}'. The early history of Lamar is much contradicted, but, by careful investigation, we have obtained what we believe to be a correct history of the place. The original name of Lamar was Belles Springs, and was given it by its first settlers. Subsequently it was known as Yankeetown. Lamar was the name of the post-office fronj the time of its establishment. The name Yankeetown grad- ually fiidcd away, and Lamar, (the village name of the post- office,) took its place, and by that name is known to-day. The first post-office was established about 1832, with Nathan Hippie as postmaster. The office was located in a stone house, which is still standing, at the bridge across Fishing creek, at the northern entrance to the village. The building was used as a store and post-office. Among the earliest settlers of the place were David Wat- son and his two brothers, William and John, who settled thereabout 1795. Other early settlers were: John Dorn- blaser, Philip Walker, Valentine Myers, Charles Beck and Andrew Shields. These men, who have long since passed away, left honest, industrious and intelligent descendants, who form the main part of the population of the place. In 1841 James Hays and his nephew. Nelson, built what is now known as the R. Loveland Axe works. Hays sold to Loveland & Eddy, from whose hands it went to Reuben Loveland, Sr. At his death his son, H. D. Loveland, took charge of the works, and in a short time took in, as a partner, E. E. Hyatt, who soon dropped the business, leav- ing it in Mr. Loveland's hands. A company was then formed, with H. D. Loveland as president, and Ira C. Eddy as secretary and treasurer, who do business under the firm name of The R. Loveland Axe Co., limited. Lamar has a church, school house, town hall, one black- smith shop, axe factory, meat market and store. The post 368 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLtNTON COUNTY. office is in the store room, in charge of W. F. Loveland as postmaster. The second floor of the store building com- poses the town hall, which is a credit to the place. The place boasts of two secret societies — the Knights of the Golden Eagle and Clinton grange, P. of H. The place is beautifully located, and surrounded by fine scenery. Its citizens are honest, quiet and law-abiding. A railroad is all that is needed to make the village of Lamar a booming and enterprising town. FLEMINGTON. THIS village is located one mile and a half west of Lock Haven. It is located partly on the Allison survey, and partly on the tract of 282 acres patented to Lieutenant Daniel Hunsicker, as per survey made for him in March, 1769. The village was first laid out by Mr. Houston, and called Flemington, in honor of Hon. John Fleming, whose father purchased the Allison tract. Afterwards General E. W. Sturdivant and Hon. George Bressler, sons-in-law of Mr. Houston, laid out additional lots. The last addition to the village was made by W. S. Woods at its eastern end. Among the first settlers of the village were: C. S. Porter, Harmon Starn, Abraham Slenker, James Moore, John Mc- Gregor, John Larkins, John Stover, William Laverty and James Chatham. The first house erected in the village stood near the site now occupied by the residence of Joseph Furst. Abraham Slenker, a carpenter and boat builder by trade, moved to this place from Northumberland county, and built a commodious house and raised his family, most of whom still reside in the town. Jacob Slenker, his son, is one of the oldest inhabitants now remaining. One of the celebrities of the place was an educated English gentleman, C. S. Berkley, a school teacher. He was the teacher of many of PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTV. 369 the men who have since become prominent in the history of our country; among whom, perhaps, Thaddeus Stevens was most famous. James D. Council moved here from Beech Creek in 1848, and engaged in shoemaking, and fol- lowed the business for thirty-five years. The town has always been well supplied with stores. The first one, owned by Henry Essig, was erected where the post-office now is. Mr. Essig was the first postmaster in Flemington. In 1854 a firm, consisting of W. S. Woods, J. B. McWil- liams, Hugh Conley, and J. D. Sterrett, built a very large grist mill, and carried on the flour and feed business on a large scale until 1861, when the mill was burned. In 1864 W. S. Woods and S. G. Wright, under the firm name of Woods & Wright, built a new mill, and continued in the flour and feed business until 1867, when they sold out to Packer & Packer, who carried on that business in connec- tion with the mercantile business for several years. They were succeeded by Hays & Co., and they in turn by the Foresman & Kelsey Milling Co. In the year i860 William Parsons and his son, H. C. Parsons, built a saw mill, and carried on the lumber business on a large scale for many years ; the business finally passed into the hands of Kreamer, Mann & Co., who continued it until the fall of 1884, when the mill was burned. The town now contains the general stores of G. W. Fredericks, who carries a very large stock of dry goods, groceries, hardware, queensware, flour, feed, etc.; Joseph H, Long, who also has a general store; Frank Waitz, drugs and groceries; P. M. Leitzel, tinware and stoves; Frank Berry, groceries, etc.; W. W. Brown & Son, groceries; A. J. Moore, groceries; Lewis Hamberger, bakery; B. F. Hursh carries on wagon making and black- smithing; W. I. Harvey conducts the Flemington foundry and deals in all kinds of agricultural implements. The well-known firm of builders and contractors, J. P. Bressler and W. D. Tidlow, reside here; they are the builders of the present Central State Normal school buildings at Lock Haven. There are two churches in the place, the Christian 370 PAST AND PRESEMT OF CLINTON COUNTY. and Methodist. The town has one hotel, successfully kept by Dr. Frank Waitz, in the building where the first hotel in the town was kept. The structure has been greatly remod- eled and improved by its present owner and proprietor, James Carskaddon, Jr., at one time had a ware house on the canal, and dealt extensively in grain of all kinds, which he shipped to the Eastern markets by canal. He also con- ducted a store, and was for a time postmaster of the village His brick dwelling at the east end of the town was the third house erected in Flemington. L. G. Brown came to the town in 1858, and began the wagon making business, which he has conducted successfully ever since. Joseph Long began business in 1858. For a time he dealt extensively in grain, and on one occasion shipped 2,000 bushels of clover seed to Philadelphia, loose, in a canal boat. A. J. Moore began business in 1881, and was postmaster for seven years. The first resident physician of Flemington was Dr. A. W. Heilman. The present resident physician is Dr. B. S. Hall. The village was incorporated as a borough in 1864, and remained as such until March 28th, 1868, when the borough was annexed to Lock Haven. It thus lost its charter as an independent borough, and July 15th, 1878, Allison town- ship re-created and Flemington became a part of it, and so it remains at present. BIOGRAPHY. B. S. HALL, M. D. DR. B. S. HALL, present resident physician of Flemington, was born in Beech Creek township May 20th, 1857. He attended the public schools until eighteen years of age, after which he spent one year at Dickinson seminary, and later spent two years at Millersville Normal school. He then read medicine with Dr. Burrell, of Salona, and gradu- ated from the University of Pennsylvania March, 1881. After his gradu- ation he located at Flemington, where he has since remained. Dr. Hall was married St. Patrick's Day, 1887, to Sadie Stuart, of Flemington. His office and residence is located at the corner of Bellefonte avenue and Huston street, Flemington, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 37 1 DUNNSTOWN. DUNNSTO WN, the oldest village within the limits of Clinton county, was laid out by William Dunn in 1794. At that time Lycoming county was about being formed, and Dunn expected to have his town made the county seat. His expectations were never realized. The pioneer residents of the village were the Myers, Whites, Curns, Fargus, Reeds and Mannas. The village was laid out on the site of art old Indian town. The first post-office established within the limits of w hat is now Clinton county was established at Dunnstown aboutthe year 1800. Francis Fargus was the first postmaster. It is not known how long the office was continued. The first saw mill in the place was built in 1850 by Crovvel & Burton, two Maine Yankees. It afterwards came into the possession of Hopkins & Weymouth, and con- tinued in operation until 1883. The frame work and the stack of this mill are still standing. Another mill was erected by S. L. M. Conser in 1853. It was not a success, and was torn away. Another mill was erected on the same site. This mill was owned in 1862 by Crowel & Bickford, and later by S. M. Bickford & Co. It burned down in 1879 and was not rebuilt. The first store in Dunnstown was kept by Francis Fargus. Religious services were first held at the place by Rev. Jones, a Baptist minister. The M. E. church was erected in 1850. Prior to this services were held in an old log school house. A pro- tracted meeting was held at one time in the barn of Major McCloskey. It was conducted by Rev. I. H. Torrence. The school house mentioned above stood on the site now occupied by the house of William Clymer. An Irishman committed suicide at this school house, and his body was buried in a field near by. 3^2 PAST AiSID PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. The first hotel in the village stood at the east end of the town. It was first kept by John White. In 1828 George King was its proprietor. Afterwards it was kept by J. Rul- ing, William White, David McCloskey, and last by Jacob Myers. A ferry was kept here for many years. It was known as Myers' ferry. The north end of this house was at one time a part of the old distillery, which was erected shortly after the town was laid out. A tannery was built on the west side of Reed's run. This industry was known for a long time as " Reed's Tannery." It ceased operations many years ago. In 1855 the post-office at Lockport was removed to Dunnstown, and was then called the Dunnstown post-office. Jacob Myers was the postmaster. The office was after- wards removed to Liberty, then back to Dunnstown, and finally returned to Liberty, and the name changed to " Island Post-Office." In 1846 Dunnstown contained about thirty houses, in- cluding hotels, stores, etc. At present the place contains forty five houses and about 240 inhabitants. It also con- tains a Methodist church and a good school house. The oldest houses in the village at the present time is the old hotel building now owned by Theodore Myers, and a house now owned and occupied by John Ritchie. The latter structure was erected by Ezra Riley in 1826. A. C. Kissel, at present one of the county commissioners of Clinton county, lives in Dunnstown, and now owns and occupies the brick mansion erected by S. L. M. Couser in 1852. Mr, Kissel also owns the tract of land belonging to the old mill property of S. L. M. Couser & Co., and has, by careful management, brought the said land to a high and productive state of cultivation. The town is beautifully located, and blessed with an abund- ance of pure, fresh water. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 373 CHARLTON. THE village of Charlton is located on the bank of the Susquehanna, in Pine Creek township. The village is built upon a tract of land warranted to Andrew Kinkaid, of Philadelphia, in 1781. The land was purchased in 1785 by Thomas Proctor, Sr. In 1792 he deeded the part of said tract, upon which the village of Charlton now stands, to his sister, Jane Charlton, and from her the place received its name. The first house in the village was erected in 1839. There was a house built on the Cook tract, north of Charlton, in 1785, by Robert Crawford. In 1786 Mr. Crawford erected a tannery, which was operated as late as 1875, and probably later by 'Squire A. C. Kissel. In the year 1843 there were but six houses in the village. The dwelling erected in 1785 was torn down in i860. In May, 1844, John F. Ramm, of Philadelphia, opened a store in the village, and succeeded, by the help of others, in establishing a post-office. The office was named West Branch, and Henry Myer was appointed first postmaster. In 1S50 the office was moved to Quiggle & Co.'s store, at the mouth of the run, and called thereafter Chatham's Run post-office, a name it still retains. The village of Charlton contains at present about seven- teen dwellings, one church, (Methodist,) one school house, one blacksmith shop, run by Frederick Swope, one under- taking establishment, conducted by John Strausser, one boot and shoe store, kept by Peter Marks, and one grocery store kept by Elias Cramer. The village has one physician in the person of Dr. Stokes. Among the leading citizens of Charlton not mentioned above are: George F. Ramm, William Waters, Charles Marks, Frank Lanks, George M. Betts and Stewart Condon. The place is not so flourishing as in days gone by, but it is pleasantly located and populated by an industrious and law-abiding people. 374 P-'^ST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. CLINTONDALE. CLTNTONDALE is pleasantly located on Fishing creek, in Porter township. Thejvillage contains one church — Evangelical — of which Rev. J. J. Lohr is present pastor; two graded public schools, one grist mill with the latest modern improved machinery, with James Bouse as miller. The mill is owned by the heirs of the late Allison White. One general store, controlled by the said heirs, with W. F. Brown as business manager ; one grocery and shoe store combined, kept by T. F. Ohl , two blacksmith shops, one kept by David Wolf, and the other by William Miller ; The village has one justice of the peace. Prof J. S. Harter, and one excellent physician, Dr. J. H. Huston, who resides in one of the finest residences in Porter township. The place has a post-office, kept in the store room of the W. A. White Milling Co. The citizens of Clintondale are indus- trious and enterprising, and the village itself a delightful place. Only a short distance from the town is the site of the old camp meeting ground, kept up at one time by the Evangelical association. The holding of camp meetings on these grounds has been given up, and the ground, although a delightful spot in itself, now presents a very dilapidated appearance. PINE STATION. PINE STATION, located along the Philadelphia & Erie railroad, in Wayne township, contains about twenty dwellings, one Methodist church, one school house, two stores, kept by H. T. Kessler and Frank Maroney, one post- office, with H. F. Kessler as postmaster. The village con- tains about 1 20 inhabitants. The pump station of the Stand- ard Oil Co. is located here, and furnishes employment to half half a dozen persons. The place has one hotel, owned by R. C- Quiggle. Among the prominent residents of Pine Station are the Quiggles. R. C. Quiggle, whose portrait appears in R. C. QUIGGLE, Pine Station, Clinton County, Pa. PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 375 this volume is one of the leading citizens of Wayne town- ship. The Pine M. E. church was erected in 1874, at a cost of j&2,235. The Ebenezcr church was erected by the Evan- gelical association in 1875, at a cost of $2,800. Both are neat and comfortable structures. McELHATTAN. McELHATTAN is a small village located, on the Phila- delphia & Erie railroad, in Wayne township. The place contains two stores, kept by A. S. Stavley and John H. Chatham, Jr.; one licensed hotel, kept by Mrs. Catha- rine Beiser; a post-office, with A. S. Stavley as postmaster ; two churches, one Methodist, and the other Union. The former was built in 1873, at a cost of $2,800. The latter was erected in 1S53, at a cost of ^800. The place contains a freight station, ticket office and telegraph office. Mc- Elhattan was formerly called Wayne Station. WAYNE. THE village of Wayne is located on the Beech Creek railroad, in Wayne township. The place contains one store, kept by B. C. Young, who is also present postmaster; one grist mill, owned and run by Jacob Quiggle, Jr. ; two blacksmith shops, run by A. S. Showers and J. T. Sheddy; also a ticket office, freight station and telegraph office. KEATING. KEATING, located on the Philadelphia & Erie railroad, in East Keating township, contains one store and post-office, kept by ex-County Treasurer Wallace Gakle, and one hotel, kept by John Gakle, his son. The Keating hotel is one of the finest structures of its kind in the county. It is a frame building, four stories high, built and owned by 376 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. Hon. J. W. Merrey. The house affords accommodations for fifty persons. It is well kept, at all times, and one of the greatest resorts for sportsmen on the line of the Philadel- phia & Erie railroad. The village has a ticket, freight and telegraph office, but no churches or industries. CASTANEA. TH E village of Castanea is located about one mile southeast of Lock Haven, in Castanea township. In 1871 Jacob Brown and Peter W. Keller purchased the farm of Joseph Hamberger, near Harvey's Gap, on the south side of Bald Eagle creek, and laid out the village of Castanea. Soon after they purchased the place they began selling lots, which were improved upon until now the village contains about thirty dwellings, a large brick school house, in which a graded school is conducted six months in the year, an ex- tensive brewery, conducted by Ferdinand Lucas, brewer of the celebrated Castanea beer. The village is on the line of the Beech Creek railroad, and contains a freight station, ticket and telegraph office. There was a post-office in the place at one time, but it was discontinued, and the residents of the village get their mail in Lock Haven. The place is pleasantly located, healthy and attractive. The Bald Eagle is crossed by a costly and substantial iron bridge, erected in 1892, and the town is likely to increase in size and popula- tion. The agent for the Beech Creek railroad company at Castanea, at present writing, is Andrew Harris, son of Alder- man J. W. Harris, of Lock Haven. DESERTED VILLAGES IN CLINTON COUNTY. REVELTOWN. REVELTOWN, a deserted mining village of Clinton county, is located at what was known as the Revel Mines, about nine miles from the town of Beech Creek. The mines were operated and the town laid out in the year of 1853. The manager was an Englishman, named John Revel, sometimes called General Revel, but by what authority he held his title we know not. The mines were operated by a company of New York men, who did busi- ness in the firm name of Ashfield & Co. The town con- sisted of twenty dwellings for the miners, a grand mansion for the manager, a school house, blacksmith shop, store and stables. The tract of land consisted of 3,600 acres, about 200 of which was cleared and farmed. The mines were worked for four or five years, and then, on account of the smailness of the veins and various other reasons, they were abandoned and have never since been touched. To-day the town of Rev^el is deserted, the miner's dwellings have crumbled into decay, and the grand old English mansion, which was built to suit the taste of General Revel, is now but a wreck of its former grandeur. Cattle roam at will over the lawns and orchards, and seek shelter from the noonday sun in the parlor that once echoed to the mirth of voices long since hushed. General Revel is dead, his family gone, and Reveltown will soon be an unknown place. PEACOCK. Not one mile from Reveltown once stood the thriving mining village of Peacock. These mines were opened in 1854 by a New York firm, doing business in the name of Potter & Co. General John Revel was also superintendent of these works. The town consisted of about sixty dwell- ings and a large boarding house that could accommodate 25 3/8 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. lOO persons, and was kept by Joseph W. Bigony. About 2,500 tons of coal was taken from these mines, but. none was shipped away. In 1858 the mines were leased by Robert Crawford, of Lock Haven, and John Revel. The latter sold his interest to Crawford for ;^5,ooo a few years later, and the mines, not paying, were also abandoned. The miners left, the houses were deserted, and to-day not even a log is left to mark the spot where once stood the busy mining town of Peacock. ROCK CABIN. Rock Cabin, which was, perhaps, the largest miningtown of all, was laid out by the Fallon Brothers, of Philadelphia, in 1853, ^^'^ the mines opened the same year. A great deal of money was lost here, and there was never more than 3,000 tons of coal shipped. About 1 1 ,000 tons were destroyed by fire. The superintendent of the mines was a Scotchman, named John Somerville, (father of James Somer- ville, who was for many years a resident of Bellefonte.) These mines were operated at different times for about six years, but were at last given up, and the town of 100 houses left to fall into ruins. A traveler passing the place to-day would not know that there ever was a town or even a dwelling on the spot that once boasted as lively a mining village as was to be found in the Keystone state. EAGLETON. Probably the most important of the four mining towns of the Tangascootac region was the town of Eagleton. It contained about sixty dwellings, a store and office, and all other necessary buildings. The town was built by the Eagleton Co., in 1853. The mines were opened at the same time. The first and only superintendent the Eagleton mines ever had was George Armstrong, who was born and reared at Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, one of the greatest mining regions of England. He superintended the opening of the mines and the building of the town, in 1853, and was the last man to leave the place when the mines were abandoned, PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 379 in 1865. The mines at Eagleton were prosperous for a time, and the town of Eagleton a very lively place. One of the first strikes known in Central Pennsylvania occurred at these mines in 1865. Sheriff Smith and a posse were called to the scene, but the men were peaceable, and a compromise was soon effected between them and the company. They again went to work, but the mines for various reasons were no longer profitable, and the miners soon sought homes else- where. The branch railroad, which connected with the Sunbury & Erie railroad at Queen's Run bridge, and ex- tended a distance of over ten miles to the mines of the Eagleton Co., was torn up, and the town and much valuable material left to fall into decay. A forest fire soon after- wards destroyed every vestige of the once thriving mining town of Eagleton. Archibald Munro, now senior member of the firm of Fredericks & Munro, of Farrandsville, was time keeper and paymaster at Eagleton for several years. OLD FAMILIES OF CLINTON COUNTY. M COBMICK FAMILY. PROMINENT among those early pioneers, who were first to jjlant their rude cabins in the forests of the West Branch valley, were the ancestors of the present generation of McCorniicks. The great- grandfather of the present generation, whose name was John McCor- mick, was born in Ireland in 1748. When he was twelve years old his parents emigrated to this country, leaving him on the Emerald Isle to be educated by his grandparents. After the family had departed for America, he became lonely for the companionship of his parents, brothers and sisters, and decided to follow them. He ran away from his grand- parents, and hid himself on board a vessel bound for America, and after enduring the haps and mishaps of a stowaway, he fimilly made the voyage, and found himself in Philadelphia, penniless and among strangers. Being possessed with a due share of Scotch-Irish pluck and determination, he sought employment, and worked until he obtained sufficient funds to pay his expenses to the home of his parents, in Chester county. When he reached the dwelling of his family, his mother met him at the door, and refused him admission, not recognizing in the lad before her the son she had left to be a comfort and stay to his grandparents. He proved his identity, however, by removing his hat, and showing a scar on his fore- head. He remained in Chester county until 1772, when he came to Loyalsock, Lycoming county, where he remained until the spring of 1773, when he removed to the lower point of the Big Island, (as it was then called,) and built himself a rude dwelling, which was known as the Sas- safras cabin. He married a daughter of Robert Fleming, Esq., and afterwards purchased of Joseph Fleming the tract of land called Syca- more Point, between the Susquehanna river and the Bald Eagle creek. A biographical sketch, published at the time of his death, alludes to him as follows : "He participated to some extent in the struggle of the Revo- lution, although circumstances did not require him to take part in any actual engagement with the British. In common with all the hardy pioneers of this region, he was long in danger at the hands of the savages. He was one of tlie leaders in the pursuit of the Indians who murdered Messrs. Jones, Saltsman. Delong, Culbertson and son, who were killed by the Indians near the residence of Thomas Bridgens, in Allison townshi|), in 1777. He also was among those wlio pursued the murderers of Messrs. Fleming and Donaldson at Pine Creek Ripples, in 1778. In 1778 he participated in the Big Runaway, and once more took up his residence in Chester county, where he remained until 1786, when he returned to his pioneer cabin on the banks of the Susquehanna, and lived there, or within PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 38 1 one mile of the spot, the reiiiaimler of his life. His dealii occurred in 1836. His life was a checkered one, blending hardship, danger and ad- venture with success, poverty, wealth, sorrow and happiness." John McCorraiek was one of the organizers of the Great Island Presbj'- terian church, and his name heads the subscription list, gotten up to provide for the minister's salary for the year 1788. The names of his children were Alexander, Benjamin, John, Joseph, David, MoUie, Elizabeth, Robert and Saul. Elizabeth, the last survivor of the family, died in 1868. Benjamin was drowned when but a boy, in the river near his home. David and Saul were ruling elders in the Great Island church, and Alexander at his death bequeathed $500 to the said church, the interest of which has helped towards the salary of the pastor since 1850. Although the children of John McCormick are all dead and gone, yet his descendants are numerous and prominently connected with the present importance of Clinton county. Plis son, Robert McCormick, was married in February, 1821, to Miss Mary Wiiite, a daughter of Colonel John White, of Pine Creek township. They had nine children, one daughter and eight sons. The daughter, who was named Elizabeth, became the wife of Robert McOowan, of Jersey Shore, but died years ago. Three of the sons have also died, namely: James, George and Alfred. John, another son, is a practicing physician at Leavenworth, Kan., where he has been for the last thirty years. Saul is a resident of Wiona, Minn. The other three, namely: Robert W., Henry and Charles S., are residents of Lock Haven at the present time. Robert McCoimick, Sr., met with an accident, which re- sulted in his death. He was crossing the track of the Philadeli)hia & Erie railroad, when his wagon was struck by an engine. He was thrown out, receiving serious injury. He was carried to the residence of his son, Charles, on Water street, where he died Sunday, October 20th, 1867. His wife survived him eleven years. She died at the home of her son, Henry, November 12th, 1878. The estimable wife of Hon. C. A. Mayer is a daughter of Saul jNIcCor- mick. J. Fleming McCormick, now deceased, who was for many years a resident of Nittany Valley, was a son of Joseph McCormick, and S. Miller McCormick, one of the leading members of the Clinton county bar, is a grandson of Alexander McCormick. Robert McCormick's sons are all married, and have children. Henry, who resides on West Main street, has one daughter, Mary, who is yet a young lady, residing with her parents. Robert, who resides on Water street, has three children, two sons and one daughter. His eldest son, John Fleming McCormick, is engaged with his father iu the lumber business at Lock Haven. He was married in June, 1891, to Jennie, only daughter of Charles Corss, Esq. The second son, William McCormick, is an attorney and a mem- ber of the Allegheny county bar. He resides in Pittsburg. The daughter, Mary McCormick, resides with her parents. 382 PAST AND Present Of clinton countV. Charles McCormick, Esq., has three son, Allison W., who is a member of Clinton county bar, Sydney Fleming, another son, is engaged in the lumber business at Luverne, Minn., and Robert, the youngest, is at present a student of LaPayette college. The present generation of McCormicks have inherited from their pioneer ancestors a due share of Scotch-Irish pluck and enterprise. The representatives of the family to-day are all successful in their chosen oc- cupations. They are noted for their generosity, and are always found ready;,and willing to contribute their share towards the furthering of any worthy enterprise. In politics they are, with few exceptions, true blue Democrats. In their religious belief they follow the doctrines of the Presbyterian church, and for more than a century past the family has been prominently connected with the Great Island Presbyterian church of Lock Haven. FLEMING FAMILY. Prominent among the early settlers of the West Branch valley was John Fleming. He was a descendant of the Earl of Wigton, a Scottish noble- man. His ancestry can be traced back to the fourteenth century. In 1773 he secured possession of a large tract of land lying between the Sus- quehanna river and the Bald Eagle creek, which is the land upon which the city of Lock Haven and part of Flemington now stands. His terri- tory was a part of the Dr. Francis Allison tract. After the death of John Fleming, which occurred in 1777, his land, consisting of over 1,600 acres, was divided among his five sons and three daughters, namely: Joseph, John, David, Robert, Ezekiel, Mary, Elizabeth and Rosana. John Fleming built a house on the bank of the Susquehanna, near the abutments of the dam, where he died in 1777. Several hearth stones of the chimney of this house were found by workmen in excavating for the erection of the abutments at the time the dam was built, nearly half a century later. His son, the Hon, John Fleming, who came to this section in 1773, was appointed one of the associate judges of Lycoming county by Governor Mifflin, in 1798. He was a native of Chester county. Pa., and born near the London Cross Roads. He was married to Susan Chatham, a daughter of Colonel Chatham, who at one time owned a mill and a large tract of land at Chatham's Run. Mrs. Fleming was born in Dublin, Ireland, coming to this country when an infant. She died in 1824. Hon. John Fleming had nine childi-en, namely: General Robert Fleming, John Fleming, who was one of the first associate judges of Clinton county; Algernon Sydney, who was sheriff of the county from 1866 to 1869; Eze- kiel, who went to Kentucky in 1888; William, who died at Alton, 111., in 1846; Sarah, who married Joseph Montgomery; Nancy, who married David McCormick, and Mary, who was the wife of Hon. Joseph Quay. Algernon S. Fleming was elected sheriff of Clinton county in 1866, but died before the expiration of his term. He had seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom are living at the present time. His PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 383 eldest soil, James E, Fleming, is a coal dealer of Newark, N. J., where he has resided since 1865. His second son is Robert I., who was post- master of Lock Haven after the death of W, W. Rankin. He is now superintending the lumber interests ot W. A. Simpson. Sr., at Brookville, Jefferson county. Pa. George M. Fleming, the third son, is now a citizen of Chicago, where he is employed as postal detective, having received this appointment during the term of Grover Cleveland. The next son is J. Wistar Fleming, who was deputy sheriff under his father, and elected to the office in 1872. A. S. A. Fleming, another son, is a resident of Hunt- ingdon county, in the employ of the Pennsylvania railroad company. The daughters are Susan C, now the wife of Charles S. Mc-Cormick, Esq.; Ellen, the wife of H. J. Nice, at present residing at Bellefonte, and Maud, the youngest of the family, who is married to Charles Ward, a brother of Monte Ward. The Fleming family endured the hardships belonging to pioneer life, and they possessed sufTicient pluck to make them formidable Indian fighters. In 1777 the fighting force of Reed's Fort consisted of fifteen men, about one-third of the number being Flemings. It is also a fact worth mentioning that they were the last to holdout against abandoning the fort at the time of the Big Runaway in 1778, although liable at any moment to be surrounded by the large force of Indians, in which case they would have been outnumbered 100 to 1. Robert Fleming, who was an uncle of Algernon S., father of the present generations of Flemings, was the first justice of the peace in this section. It is said that his jurisdiction extended from Pine creek to Lake Erie. On one occasion when plowing in a field on the Great Island, he was con- fronted by a young couple who had come all the way from Lake Erie to be married. He stopped his plow and performed the ceremony, which united the two "souls with but a single thought," and then invited them to take dinner with him, which they did. Plemington was named in honor of Hon. John Fiennng, appointed as- sociate judge of Lycoming county in 1798. Judge Fleming was one of the first elders of the Great Island Presbyterian church, which was built in 1792. At the time of the Big Runaway, the Flemings left with the others, and returned to Chester county. Pa., where they remained until 1783, when they came back to their forest home, on the bank of the Susque- hanna, where they found their dwellings almost as they had left them, the Indians not having disturbed anything, and in a short time they were comfortably situated, and were never afterwards molested. The vener- able wife of Algernon Sydney Fleming is yet living in Lock Haven. QUIQGLE FAMILY. The ancestors of the Quiggle family were among the early Dutch, or German, settlers of Pennsylvania, and came to this country about the be- ginning of the last century, (probably 1710-'20,) locating in York and Lancaster counties. The original name in German was Quickel, as vari- 384 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. ous old legal documents show, and this form of spelling is still followed by those descendans of the family who reside in the eastern part of the state, but the name has been anglicized by the descendants of those who moved to the western part into Quiggie, Quigley and Quigel. One Christian Quiekel, of Mannheim township, Lancaster county, wns a soldier in the Revolutionary war. lie had five sons and one daughter, ns follows: Peter, who moved to Ohio; Balzer, whose descendants reside in Lycom- ing county ; Nicholas, ancestor of the late Hon. James W. Quiggie, father of James C. Quiggie ; Joseph M., George, Samson N., and of Sallie, (married to Joseph B. Deise,) mother of the late G. Omet and James M. Deise, and of John Q Deise, who still survives ; Philip, ancestor of the Pine Station Quiggles; Daniel, Jacob. Richard, Robert C, Thomas, etc. ; Michael, ancestor of the late Michael and Cline Quigley, and of Hon. A. J. Quigley, and through intermarriage of his daughters of the Allen, Crane, Crawford, Welsh, Stewart, Montgomery, Baird, White and Shaw families; Katie, who married a Myers. The advent of the Quiggie family into the West Branch valley occurred about the end of the last century, when Michael Quiekel settled at Muncytown; John Quiggie and brother in Wayne (then called Nippenose township); Colonel William Quiggie and Balzer, up Lycoming creek. CARSKADDON FAMILY. James Carskaddon, Sr., the pioneer member of the family to locate in this section, came from Washington township, Northumberland county, and settled on a ti'act of land west of Flemington, now owned by Joseph Bi-idgens, Nathan Courter. Benjamin Tliompson and others, located partly in Bald Eagle and part ly in Allison townships. James Carsl;addon was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary war. He was twice married — first to Christiana Murphy. His father-in-law, John Murphy, came with him to this section and lived to be over 100 years old. By his first wife James Carskaddon had six children, three sons and three daughters. His daughters married as follows: Elsie, the eldest, married Patrick Moore, a pioneer settler of iVUison township; Letitia married Edward Ritchie. The present generation of Ritchiesare her grandchildren. Ann, the third daughter, married David Allen, who lived all his married life on the farm now owned by Nathan Courter. His wife received the said farm as a mar- riage portion from her father. William Allen, of Bald Eagle, and H. F. Allen, of Lock Haven, are her sons. John, the eldest sou, moved to Ohio, married and reared a large family. James Carskaddon, Jr., married and lived at Flemington all his life. He was the father of nine children — five sons and four daughters. William B. Carskaddon, now a respected and prominent citizen of Lock Haven, is one of his sons. The venerable widow of A. S. Fleming and the late Mrs. Hayes Krebs were his daughters. William Carskaddon, the third son of James Carskaddon, Sr., lived during his whole life near Flemington. He was twice mar- ried, first to Anna H. Condon and last to Mrs. Jane Brady, widow of John Brady. By his last wife he had two children, namely, William Samuel and Jane Ann Carskaddon. The former is now a respected resi- PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY 385 (lent of Duiuistowii. The latter died when but thirteen years of age. William Carskaddon died in his ei.!;hty-seeond year. He was known as " Uncle Billy " and his wife as "Aunt Jane." James Carskaddon, Sr., died August 15th, 1830. His remains rest in Great Island cemetery. He was a Presbyterian, and one of the organizers of the Great Island Pres- byterian church. To trace the genealogy of the Carskaddon family up to the present time would require considerable effort and more space than we can allow. Many pioneer members of the family now sleep their last unbroken slumber beneath the sods of Great Island cemetery. They were an honest, upright people, who left a record for character and lofti- ness of principle that is being emulated by their descendants of the present day. FARWELL FAMILY. The Farvvells were among the early settlers of Chapman township. Ijemuel Farwell, the pioneer of the family, located at what was called Baker's Town, about the year 1800. He came from near- South Framing- ham, Mass. He married a daughter of Abner McCloskey. He settled on a tract of land and began farming and lumbering. Lemuel Farwell died at the age of fifty-five years and left five children— four sons and one daughter. The sons were Abel, who moved to what is now Stephenson county. 111., where he died years ago; Jjimes, who settled in Clearfield county. Pa., who has also been dead for many years; Lemuel, who died at Hyner in 1889; Nathan, who died on the old homestead at Baker's Town, in 1887. The daughter married a man named Lingle, who moved to Ohio. She died only a few years ago. Abel Farwell never was mar- ried. James had quite a large family, and Lemuel had five children— two sons and three daughters. The sons are Absalom and Kline J. The former is now a resident of Pine Creek township, having moved there from North Bend in April, 1892. The latter is a resident of Ilyner. The daughters of Lemuel Farwell are Nancy, who was married to G. W. Val- entine. She is a widow, and a resident of Hyner. Ira D. Fox, principal of the First Ward schools of Lock Haven, is married to her daughter, Mary Ann, who was married to a Condon — she died several years ago— and Sarah E., now the wife of Samuel Mummah, of Hyner. Absalom Far- well has five children — four sons and one daughter. Kline, his biother, is also married and has four children. Lemuel, who resides at Glen Union, is a son of James Farwell, who settled in Clearfield county. He has six children— five sous and one daughter. Nathan, who died at Baker's Town, had six children— three sons and three daughters. They are Al- bert, James and Lincoln. The daughters are Mary, VVildie and Emeline. The daughters were all married. Wildie is dead. Mary is a resident of Reading, and Emeline of McKean county. OLD RESIDENTS OF CLINTON COUNTY. GEORGE ARMSTRONG. THIS well-known geologist of Clinton county was born at Newcastle- Upon-Tyne, in 1816. When eighteen years of age he accompanied his parents to Cape Breton Island, where his father and three brothers were sent to erect a self-acting plane for loading and handling coal. The work lasted two years, after which the family came to this country, landing at Boston, Mass., May, 1837. They immediately pro- ceeded to the coal fields of Pennsylvania, locating at Pottsville, Schuyl- kill county. The parents remained there but a short time, after which they located on a farm near Shamokin, George remaining in the employ of Potts & Manning, coal operators of Pottsville. He remained there two years, when he was appointed manager for a company at Shamokin. He left the latter place and went to Ralston in 1844, where he engaged in mining until 1849, when he was smitten with the gold fever, and started with six other young men of Lewisburg, Pa., for the gold fields of Cali- fornia. He stayed in California one year, when he returned to Ralston broken down in health and poor in purse, his trip having provtn a failure. On his return he took up his residence at Farrandsville, Clinton county, Pa., where he became the supeiintendent of the Eaudeton coal mines, which were started and operated under his management for a period of eleven years. When the mines closed down he built for himself a com- modious house on Fairview street. Lock Haven, Ph., where he took up his residence. Since the closing of the Eagleton mines, Mr. Armstrong has not been engaged at any special work, except when his valuable services are needed by persons to locate coal or fire clay. Mr. Armstrong was married in 1838 to Miss Marie Moore, a native of Cape Breton, who had accompanied the Armstrong family to America. She died in 1878, and since that time Mr. Armstrong has lived with his widowed daughter, Mrs. Bittner, in Lock Haven. He will soon celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday, and enjoys the very best of health. MRS. ELIZABETH DUNN. The subject of this sketch was born in Nippenose valley, Lycoming county. Pa., April 18th, 1812. Her maiden name was Barker. Here she remained until she reached her twelfth year, when she was sent to Hoags- town, Cumberland county. Pa., to live with an aunt. She remained at Hoagslown for two years. She then returned to Jersey Shore, where she lived with her parents four years, after which she went to the home of her aunt in Cumberland county. Pa., where she remained until she was nineteen years of age, when she came to Liberty, Clinton county. Pa., and lived with her parents, a few rods below the river bank, near what is PAST AND PRESENT OF CLlNTON COUNTY. 387 now the Liberty post-office. At this time there was but one dwelling on what is now the site of Lock Haven, After going to Liberty she made the acquaintance of William Dunn, and married him in 1833. After her marriage she moved to the Dunn farm on Great Island, where she is liv- ing to-day. Mrs. Elizabeth Dunn, although in her eighty-third year, is a remarkably well preserved and intelligent old lady. Her store of knowledge concerning the early history of Clinton county, Pa., is un- limited. She was well acquainted with Uncle Jerry Church, and enter- tained him at her home many times. During the great June flood of 1889 the beautiful Dunn residence was almost carried away by the high water, and Mrs. Dunn with other inmates of her household sought refuge in the barn, which stood on higher ground. The barn with its contents was carried from its foundation, and Mrs. Dunn rescued with difficulty. The old lady still resides in her island home, the home she entered as a bride sixty years ago ; but he who led her there sleeps his last sleep be- neath the Dimnstown burying ground. Her only child, George Wash- ington Dunn, rests beneath a costly and handsome monument, erected to his memory in Highland cemetery. Mrs. Elizabeth Dunn was a sister of W. W, Barker, and is an aunt of Captain R. S. Barker, now postmaster of Lock Haven. MRS, SARAH HITCHCOCK. Mrs, Sarah Hitchcock was born at Sparta, N, Y,, March 5th, 1807. Her maiden name was Sarah McVicar, Her father was a farmer, who removed with his family to Kingston, Pa,, when the subject of this sketch was but one year old, Mrs, Hitchcock is the second of a family of ten children, six girls and four boys. The family are all dead, with the ex- ception of one sister, who resides in Ohio. Sarah McViear was married at Forty Forts, Pa,, July 24th, 1825, to Piatt Hitchcock, She removed with her husband to Farrandsville, Clinton county, Pa,, in 1848, and to Lock Haven, Pa,, May 1st, 1860, Her husband filled various offices in Clinton county, Pa,, and was at one time county treasurer. He was a most estimable and useful citizen. Mrs, Hitchcock is the mother of ten children— seven daughters and three sons; five daughters are living, viz: Miss Phoebe Hitchcock, a former teacher in the schools of Lock Haven, Pa., Mrs. Robert P. Lawrence and Mrs, Sarah Moore, both ol Renovo, Pa,, Mrs, Charles Stevens, of Scranton, Pa., and Mrs. Frank K. Young, of Easton, Pa. Mrs. Hitchcock has been for years a member of the Methodist church. Although in her eighty-sixth year, her intellect is unimpaired, and her store of knowledge unlimited. She is a great reader, and takes as much interest in the current events of the day as anyone in the city of Lock Haven. She has resided for years at the home of her daughter. Miss Phoebe, on Fairview street. ROBERT B. JOHNSTON. Robert B. Johnston came to the present site of Lock Haven in the spring of 1833. Two of his brothers had preceded him, and were em- ployed at that time on the construction of the lock in the West Branch canal, Mr, Johnston was born in Columbia county, July 15th, 1818, At 388 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the time of liis first visit, in 1833, he remained but a short time; but he returned in 1835, and has been a resident of Clinton county ever since. At the time of his coming, in 1833, the brick hotel, now the residence of S. D. Ball, Esq., was just completed, and the Washington house, which stood at one time where the Montour house formerly stood, and where the hotel Meitzler now stands, was opened the second night after his ar- rival by J. P. Huling. Mr. Johnston was well acquainted with Uncle Jerry Cliurch. He hauled the timber used in the construction of "Church's Folly." In the early history of Lock Haven the voting place was at Liberty, and Mr. Johnston m^de a business of taking voters to and from the polls, even before he had a vote himself. He followed the canal for six years, and during the flood of 1847 his boat was laid up at Linden for nearly two months, until the damage to the canal could be repaired. From 1848 until 1853 he farmed for Jacob Graffius (father of Joseph Graffius, of Lock Haven), the farm buildings being at that time about where the Eagle hotel now stands. The old well from which the family obtained the water for daily use is still in existence. Mr. Graffius sold this farm in 1853 and purchased the one now owned by Charles Kreamer, of Lock Haven, Pa., which is located in Bald Eagle valley. Mr. Johnston moved to this place in the spring of 1854 and farmed it for nine years. He then gave up farming. On the night of the great lii-e of 1862 he was appointed watchman of the First National bank of Lock Haven, which position he held for five years. From 1867, until within the past few years, he has followed teaming and working in the woods. Lately he has been living a retired life. Robei't Johnston was married in 1842 to Rachel Hallsey. Their children living to day are Mrs. Martin McXerney, Mrs. Patrick McNerney, both residents of Lock Haven, Pa., Mrs. George Tarmon, who, with hei' husband, resides on the Hanna farm, above Lock Haven, Pa., Mrs. William Fabel and G. H. Johnston, also residents of Lock Haven, Pa. Mr. Johnston now lives with his son-in- law, William Fabel, who resides on Jay street. Lock Haven, Pa. JOHN GOULD, SR. John Gould, Sr., was born at Jacob's Plains, Luzerne county. Pa., November 3d, 1812. At the age of eleven years he left his home to seek his fortune, with a cash capital of twenty five cents. After walking a dis- tance of 150 miles, he obtained employment at what was called the Nava- Sink, at carrying grog for the workmen employed on the Nava-Sink canal. After working here for seven months, he went to Mauch Chunk, Pa., where he secured employment from the Lehigh Canal & Naviga- tion company. Here he assisted in running logs on the river from Mauch Chunk, Pa., to Easton, Pa., and was employed for a time on the first railroad built in the United States, the said road being built by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation company, and was used for running coal from their mines to the canal at Mauch Chunk, Pa. In 1840, in company with his brothers and several other gentlemen, they purchased 15,000 acres of timber land, near what is now White Haven, Pa. Here Mr. Gould lumbered extensively until he came to the West Branch of the PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. 389 Susquchnniia. in 18()2. From that time until 1876 lie lumbered in dif- ferent purls of Clinton county, Pa., his principal contracts being on I'ine creek and Haker's run. Mr. Gould and his brother were tlie fust per- sons to introduce tlie log peeling industry on the West JJranch. P'rom 1876 to the present time he has been engaged in farming near Lock Haven, Pa. For several years he farmed the land now owned by George S. Good, and later moved to the old Price farm, where he lives at the present time. Mr. Gould was married in 1840 to Mary Ann Traub, of White Haven, Pa. He is the father of eleven children, five of whom are dead. Those living are Mrs. Henry McKinney, of Susquehanna county, Pa., Mrs. William Wertz and Mrs. Charles Pearson, of Newark, N. J., Mrs. J. E. Mason, James W., George T. and John C. Gould, all of Lock Haven, Pa. Note— The subject of the above sketch died May 28th, 1892, and his remains were interred in Highland cemetery May oOth, 1892. PHILIP ANTHONY. Philip Antliony was born in Lohr, France, within siglit of the great Straudsburg cathedral, January 14tli, 1814. He sailed for tliis country in Marcii, 1836, and landed at New York May 6th. He remained in tlie city of New York until 1843, and was married in the meantime to Philipine B( esharr, of Bavaria. In 1843 he came to McKean county, this state, and located at what is now called Instanter. Here he resided for two years, and then went to Jersey Shore, Lycoming county. Pa. He left that place for Lock Haven, Pa., in 1857. He started a tailor shop in the Mayer block, on Water street. In 1862 he was located a few doors below the Mayer block, and later did business on Vesper street, where his son, L. H. Anthony, is now located. Philip Anthony is the father of eight children, four daughters and four sons. Tlie daughters are Mrs. R. E. Richie, Mrs. Mary Frank, of Lock Haven, Pa., Mrs. Frederick Slifer, of Irvona, Pa., and Mrs. W. F. Swengle. The sons who are living arc L. H. and J. P. Anthony, both residents of Lock Haven, Pa., tlie latter at present serving as alderman from the First ward of Lock Haven, Pa. ; two other sons, Charles F. and B. W. Anthony, are dead, the former being killed in the war. and the latter dying in Lock Haven, Pa., a few years ago. (iEOUGE A. EMERY. George Arnold Emery was born at Vasselboro, Maine, May 15th, 1810. He was the son of Robert S. and Temperence (nee Matthews) Emery. He was married December 2d, 1832, to Mary Libby. who was born at Gardner, Maine, May 26th, 1816. At an early day he was a lumber job- ber, and, previous to his coming to Pennsylvania, in 1850, had lumbered extensively on both the Kenebec and Penobscot rivers, lie came to Ly- coming county, Pa., in 1850, and settled in Lock Haven in 1853. At that time he purchased a tract of land on the hill, now Fairview street, for the purjiose, he said, "of living in the country." Although he had his home in Lock Haven, he has spent much of his lime away from the citv. He has lived and done business in Tioga and Elk counties, and at 390 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. the mouth of Tangascootac creek. While the family were living in Tioga county Mrs. Emery met with quite a thrilling adventure. Being left alone one night with her three small children, she took a candle and went to the yard for some wood; while there she heard a noise, and looking up beheld a large panther crouched on the limb of a tree. Had her light been extinguished there is no doubt but what she would have met with a horrible fate. Mr. and Mrs. Emery have seven sons and one daughter. George M., who was mustered into the United States service in Company D, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, August 11th, 1861 ; promoted to sergeant Septem- ber 25th, 1862, and mustered out of service September 9th, 1864. John C, who is now engaged in the shoe business at Haverhill, Mass. Benja- min L., who was a corporal in Company D, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., in 1862, and discharged at Alexandria four months later. Orlando H., who was also a soldier in the same company, was promoted sergeant in 1863, took part in both battles of Bull Run, served through the whole of the Peninsula campaign, and the battle of Gettysburg. He was wounded in the last named battle while serving as a message carrier for General Meade. He was a brave and daring soldier, and was at one time tendered a captaincy, but refused it on account of ill health. He died in 1882. The 0. H, Emery camp, Sons of Veterans, was named in his honor. Colonel James M. Emery, an- oiher son, was also a soldier in Company D, Pennsylvania Cavalry, and Company A, 3d Pennsylvania Artillery. He served on various gun- boats, and was captured at Smithfield, Va., February 1st, 1864, and con- fined in Libby, Andersonville and Belle Isle prisons. He was exchanged March 25tli, 1865, and discharged as corporal the following June. Joseph L., another son, is at present a prominent lumberman of Westport, Clinton county, Pa. Silas W., when thirteen years of age, was accidently killed in a saw mill on the Tangascootac creek, and Thankful B., the only daughter of the family, died at the age of one month. Mr. and Mrs. Emery are still living at their home on Fairview street, and both enjoying good health. Although their hair has been silvered by the frosts of three score and ten winters, and their lives busy and eA'entful ones, they have reared a family to be proud of. When the war cloud of the late Rebel- lion hung low over a divided nation, there went forth from their door- way five brave and loyal sons to fight beneath the stai's and stripes. IMPORTANT EVENTS OCCURRING IN CLIN- TON COUNTY. FLOODS FROM 1 692 TO 1 865. The first important flood on the West Branch recorded in history occurred February, 1692. Subsequent floods occurred February 12th, 1731, February 17th, 1733, January 28th, 1737, January 7th, 1762, March 15th, 1784, October 5th, 1786. The flood of 1786 was called the "Pumpkin Flood" from the large quantity of pumpkins that was car- ried down the river. The next floods occurred October ist, 1787, April 6th, 1800, April 23rd, 1804, November 20th, 1810, August 1 2th, 1 814, and the greatest flood up to that time occurred July 20th, 1824. Subsequent floods also occurred March 5th, 1831, July 4th, 1832, May 17th, 1834, February 12th, 1837, October 9th, 1847, February 7th, 1853, September 28th, 1861. This flood occurring at that time was the highest since the flood of the year 1847. The next flood was that of March 17th, 1865. The Susque- hanna on that date reached the highest mark it had ever attained previous to that time. Much damage was done to property along the river. One span of the river bridge was carried away. The bridge at Westport and the one at Far- randsville were also taken away. Parts of Lock Haven were under five feet of water, several hundred yards of railroad was washed out, and thousands of logs carried down the stream. Mason's mill dam at Tangascootac creek gave way and 1,000,000 feet of logs were lost. The logs were the property of William Hill, and Fredericks, Kreamer & Co. One span of the Queen's Run bridge and both Kettle creek bridges were carried away. The brick kilns at Queen's Run were also destroyed. The damage done in Clinton county by the flood of 1865 was estimated at ^2,000,000. 392 PAST AND PRESENT OF CLINTON COUNTY. FLOOD OF 1889. We are indebted to the Evening Express for the following account of the flood of June ist, 1889. The publishers of the Express took special pains to publish a full and correct history of the events of the week following the flood, and the following points can be relied upon as being as correct as any other account published: The once beautiful city of Lock Haven is to-day a devastated city. From about nine o'clock lat