0^ ^ -^^0^ ,}>°X. ,*' ^''^ v^- '^t.^^'^^'/ 'V^^'\/ V*'^'^**/ 'V'^'v^'^ (f . . • '^.^ ^p^ V^ • * • - -^ :•- %.** ''^w.' /\ '-^m-' **'^*^ °'^^-' /\ •-'«38^.* ^'^ "*. ' /* "V^^V'' ^V'^S'V* "V*'^^'V''* %'^^'V • ^ J *>(fl^^\ -Kt. ^^ ^'^ To > ^^"^ 5nos^%iL.% fLEA§URL 1890 'ik!.tK ^ ^,0 -BEACH- 0, j\ DEjCR ap® 0^ P/\CIF THE OVERLAND ROUTE Third Edition, Oompliments of tpe I assenaer Departrhent, Copyrighted, January, 1890, By E. L LOMAX, General Passenger Agent, Union Pacific Sys., Omaha, Neb. Rand, McNally & Co., Printers, Chicago. OFFICERS OF THE UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS. President, ^V. n. HOLCOMI5. Vice-President, . GARDINER M. LANE, Second Vice-President, THOS. L. KIMBALL, Third Vice-President, ALEX. MILLAR, Secretary, JAMES G. HARRIS, Treasurer, OLIVER W. MINK, Comptroller, JOHN S. CAMERON, Chief Construction Department, V. G. BOGUE, Chief Engineer. . C. S. MELLEN, General Traffic Manager, . J. A, MUNROE, Assistant General Traffic Manager, E. L. LoMAX, General Passenger Agent Missouri River Division, Jno. W. Scott, Assistant General Passenger Agent Missouri River Division, J. A. S. Reed, General Traveling Agent Passenger Department, A. Traynor, General Baggage Agent, ..... J. S. Tebbets, General Freight Agent Missouri River Division, Boston, Mass. Omaha, Neb. lioston, Mass. Omaha, Neb. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Chicago, 111. Council Bluffs, Iowa. Omaha, Neb. P. A. Warrack, Assistant General Freight Agent Missouri River Division, Elmer H. Wood, Assistant General Freight Agent Missouri River Division T. W. Lee, General Passenger Agent Pacific Division, .... W. H. HuRLBURT, Assistant General Passenger Agent Pacific Division, A. L. Maxwell, General Agent Traffic Department, .... B. Campbell, General Freight Agent Pacific Division, .... J. G WooDWORTH, Assistant General Freight Agent Pacific Division, , General Freight and Passenger Agent Mountain Division, J. V. Parker, Assistant Gen'l Fr't and Pass. Agent Mountain Division, Geo. Ady, General Passenger Agent Colorado Division, F. B. Semi'LE, Assistant General Passenger Agent Colorado Division, F. L. Lynde, General Passenger Agent St. J. & G. I. R. R. Div., W. P. Robinson, Jr., General Freight Agent St. J. & G. I. R. R. Div., J. B. Frawley, Division Passenger Agent, F. B. Whitney, Assistant General Freight Agent, H. A. Johnson, Assistant General Freight Agent Colorado Division, S. W. Eccles, General Agent Freight Department, .... R. Te.nbroeck, General Eastern Agent, ...... W. H. Knight, General Agent, J. F. Aglar, General Agent, ........ J. D. Welsh, General Agent, Cincinnati, Ohio Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Portland, Ore. San Francisco, Cal. Portland, Ore. Portland, Ore. Portland, Ore. Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah. Denver, Colo. Denver, Colo. St. Joseph, Mo. St. Joseph, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. . Denver, Colo. San Francisco, Cal. New Vork. Chicago, 111. St. Louis, Mo. D. M. Collins, General Agent, E. Dickinson, General Manager Missouri River Division, . J. O. Brinkerhoff, Superintendent Kansas Division, J. M. Barr, Superintendent Nebraska Division. J. K. Choate, Superintendent Colorado Division, C. F. Resseguie, General Manager Mountain Division, W. L. Ryder, Superintendent Wyoming Division, W. E. Green, Superintendent Idaho Division, W. W. Riter, Superintendent Utah Division, C. J. Smith, General Manager Pacific Division, '« C. W. Johnson, Superintendent Pacific Division, C. F. Meek, General Manager D., T. & Ft. W^ R. R., E. McNeill, General Manager St. J. & G. I. R. R. Division, Wm. Williams, Superintendent St. J. & G. I. R. R. Division, E. Buckingham, Superintendent Car Service, C. II. McKiBBiN, General Purchasing Agent, L. II. KoRTY, Superintendent Telegraph, .... Siou.x City, Iowa. Omaha, Neb. Kansas City, Mo. Omaha, Neb. Denver, Colo. Salt Lake City, Utah. Cheyenne, Wyo. Pocatello, Idaho. Salt Lake City, Utah. Portland, Ore. Portland, Ore. Denver, Colo. St. Joseph, Mo. St. Joseph, Mo. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Omaha, Neb. •f> INDEX. General Information. page. List of Agents 7 Pullman Palace Car Rates 9 Pullman Dining Cars 11 Meals II Excursion Tickets and Rates of Fare 1 1 Baggage Rates 13 The Union Pacific System. Branches and Auxiliary Lines Com- prising the System 14 Map of the Union Pacific System and Connections Opposite 136 Notes. — Trains, Equipment, Junc- tions, and Connections 17 Outline of the Trip Across the Con- tinent to Portland 19 Washington in March 21 The Trip Across the Continent to San Francisco 23 Colorado Points. Denver 27 Idaho Springs 29 Clear Creek Caiion 31 Gray's Peak 34 Map of Colorado Opposite 34 Platte Canon 37 Boulder Canon 39 Points About the Colorado Parks. . 40 Estes Park 40 North Park 40 Middle Park 41 South Park 41 Alpine Tunnel 43 Breckenridge 45 Leadville 45 Gunnison 45 Alpine Tours 46 Wyoming Points. Cheyenne 47 Sherman 49 Laramie 49 Green River 49 Evanston 51 Yellowstone National Park 51 Map of Yellowstone Park Third page of cover. Idaho Points. page. Pocatello 57 Hailey 59 Ketchura 60 Boise City 60 Guyer Hot Springs 60 Soda Springs 61 The Great Shoshone Falls 63 Shoshone Tours 69 Montana Points. Butte City 72 Anaconda 72 Garrison 72 Helena 72 Oregon Points. The Grande Ronde Valley 77 Palouse Country and Spokane Falls. 77 The Dalles of the Columbia 79 Portland 85 Portland to San Francisco 85 Portland to Alaska 87 Portland to Puget Sound 87 The Lower Columbia 87 Crater Lake 89 The Mount Shasta Route gr Columbia Tours 92 Utah Points. Ogden 93 Echo Canon 95 Weber Caiion 95 Syracuse Beach 95 Ogden Caiaon 97 Utah Hot Springs 97 Willard Canon and Falls 99 Garfield Beach 99 Giant's Cave 107 Great Salt Lake 107 Salt Lake City iii Salt Lake Tours 115 Map of Salt Lake Second page of cover. INDEX. Caliiornia Points. page. The Yosemite Valley 1 16 Mariposa and Calaveras Big Trees. 117 Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, etc. . . 119 San Francisco 119 Monterey 121 Lake Tahoe 121 PAGE. Health 123 Hunting and Fishing 125 Points of Interest Reached hy the Union Pacific 131 Elevationsof Cities, Peaks, and Passes 133 Standard Publications 135 Appendix Page 137 ILLUSTRATIONS. Colorado. page. Above the Palisades. Alpine Pass. . 12 Cathedral Spires, South Park Branch Union Pacific System 18 Ten-Mile Canon, South Park Branch Union Pacific System from Wheeler's, looking up 22 Gray's Peak 24 James' Ranch, Estes Park 26 The Loop, above Georgetown 28 South Park, from Kenosha Hill 30 Estes Dome, Estes Park 32 Middle Park, view of Grand River. . 36 Dome Rock, Platte Canon 38 Idaho Springs, Central Branch Union Pacific System 78 Wyoming. Green River Buttes 42 Giant's Tea Kettle, Green River Buttes 44 Yellowstone National Park. Gardiner River Hot Springs 48 Cliff in Grand Canon of the Yellow- stone 50 Terrace and Park, Tyghee Pass 52 Ford of Snake River ; Spearing Trout, Snake River ; Hunter's Cabin, Henry's Lake 54 The Geysers 5*^* Idaho. Ferry at Great Shoshone Falls 58 Great Shoshone Falls 62 Great Shoshone Falls 64 Alaska. page Granville Channel 68 Sitka Harbor 70 Devil's Thumb 74 Oregon. Oneonta Gorge, Columbia River. . . 76 A Fish Wheel, Columbia River. ... 80 Pillars of Hercules, Columbia River 82 A Glimpse of Mount Adams 84 Rooster Rock, Columbia River 86 Crater Lake 88 Multnomah Falls, Columbia River. 90 Utah. Pavilion at Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake 94 Witches Rocks, Weber Canon 96 Tunnel No. 3, Weber Canon 98 On the Beach at Garfield, Great Salt Lake 100 West Shore of Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake 102 Pelican Bay, Gunnison Island, Great Salt Lake 104 Jack in the Pulpit, Echo Caiion. . . . 106 Salt Lake City, from Prospect Hill. 108 Cliffs of Gunnison Island, Great Salt Lake no Devil's Slide, Weber Canon 112 Giant's Cave, Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake 114 California. Yosemite Valley, from Artist's Point 1 18 Bridal Veil T'alls, Yosemite Valley. . 122 Beach at Cliff House, San Francisco 128 The Presidio and Drive to Fort Point, San Francisco 10 '* Know most of the rooms of thy native country before thou goest over the threshold thereof. " — Fuller. Health and Pleasure Resorts. THERE IS THE EAST! —THERE IS INDIA!" HE road I propose is necessary to us — and now. The title to Oregon is settled, and a government established there. California is acquired, people are there, and a government must follow. We own the country from sea to sea, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, upon a breadth equal to the length of the Mississippi, and embracing the whole Temperate Zone. We can run a road, through and through, the whole distance, under our flag and under our laws. An American road to India, through the heart of our country, will revive upon its line all the wonders of which we have read, and eclipse them. The western wilderness, from the Pacific to the Mississippi, will start into life at its touch. Let us act up to the greatness of the occasion, and show our- selves worthy of the extraordinary circumstances in which we are placed by securing, while we can, an American road to India — central and national — for ourselves and our posterity, now and hereafter, for thousands of years to come." [This is the road— The Union Pacific, "The Overland Route."] — Senator Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri, in the Senate of the United States, Feb- ruary 7, 1849. The question, "Where shall we go for health and pleasure?" assumes greater importance each succeeding year with the American public, and these pages have been written to assist those who are in doubt in settling this impor- tant point, as well as to show them what a wonderful country lies between the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast. (5) 5 WESTERN RESORTS Americans go to Europe to see Switzerland and the Rhine, to spend a winter in Italy, to do the Pyrenees and the Alps, to visit the German spas, the High- lands of Scotland, the Giant's Causeway of Ireland, and other places of interest; when right in their own country, almost at their doors, are rivers, forests, lakes and mountains, and medicinal springs rivaling the Pool of Bethesda of old; sublime scenery bordering on the weird and supernatural, quiet vales and dells far excelling those of Europe, or any other portion of the civilized world. These places, too, are easy of access, and it is not necessary to learn a foreign language to be able to enjoy them. Following up the sentiment so generally expressed nowadays, " America for scenery," it is important that every American, native or naturalized, should post himself, as a matter of patriotism and pride, on the resources and character- istics of his own country. Nowhere on the globe is there to be found such a variety of climate, scenery, and resources as between the Missouri River, or the ninety-sixth meridian, and the Pacific Ocean; and in this magnificent stretch of country are found resorts which can be enjoyed at all seasons of the year. The best climate of every known country can be found in this area. Here Nature not only equals but excels everything that she has done for mankind in other portions of the globe; and American enterprise and skill have made them accessible to the nations of the earth. To a vast majority of our people this great country was, until within the last few years, practically a sealed book, when its treasures of climate, scenery and products were opened up to the world, by the original completion and the later extensions of the Union Pacific, " The Overland Route." This little pamphlet is not a literary attempt, but simply a terse description of many places in brief, pointed paragraphs, the object being not to weary the general traveler who may chance to read it. It will be found that only a few of the most attractive and important points on this great transcontinental highway have been mentioned in the following pages, because suitable accommodations have not as yet been prepared at all of them for the tourist, and the health and pleasure seeker. There are hundreds of other points that only await the magic touch of progress to awake from the sleep of ages, as did the fabled princess who awaited the coming of her prince. Year by year, more and more of these resorts will be developed for the enter- tainment and benefit of mankind. If these pages shall arouse the patriotism of Americans, and induce them to acquaint themselves with the great resources of their own country; with the wonderful cures Nature provides at the health resorts for all the ills that flesh is heir to; with the facilities for enjoyment at the pleasure resorts that the Union Pacific offers them along its lines in the *' Far West," then their mission will have been accomplished. GENERAL INFORMATION. LIST OF. AGENTS. Albany, JV. V. — 23 Maiden Lane. — J. D. Tenbroeck, Traveling Passenger Agent. Boston, Mass. — 290 Wasliington Street. — W. S. Condell, New Eng'and Freight and Pass. Agt. J. S. Smith, Traveling Passenger Agent. E. M, Newbegin, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. A. P. Massey, Passenger and Freight Solicitor. Buffalo, N. Y. — 403^^ Exchange Street. — S. A. Hutchison, Traveling Passenger Agent . Seth Caldwell, Traveling Freight Agent. Butte, Mont. — Corner Main and Broadway. General Agent. Cheyenne, Wyo. — C. W. Sweet, Freight and Ticket Agent. Chicago, III. — 191 South Clark Street. — W. H. Knight, Gen'I Agt. Pass, and Freight Depts. T. W. Young, Traveling Passenger Agent. W. T. Holly, City Passenger Agent. Alfred Mortensen & Co., European Immigration Agents, 140 Kinzie Street. Cincinnati, Ohio — 56 West Fourth Street. — J. D. Welsh, Gen'I Agt. Freight and Pass. Depts. H. C. Smith, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. Cleveland, Ohio — Kennard House. — A. G. Shearman, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. Colorado Springs, Colo.—E. D. Baxter, General Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. Columbus, Ohio — N. W. Corner Gay and High Streets. — T. C. Hirst, Traveling Passenger Agent. Council Bluffs, Iowa— S06 First Avenue. — A. J. Manderson, General Agent. R. V/. Chamberlain, Passenger Agent, ) transfer Depot. J. W. Maynard, Ticket Agent, ) A. T. Elwell, City Ticket Agent, 507 Broadway. Dallas, Texas— H. M. De Hart, General Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. Denver, Colo. — 1703 Larimer Street.— F. L Smith, General Agent D., T. cS: Ft. W. R. R. Geo. Ady, General Passenger Agent Colorado Division and D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. F. B. Semple, Assistant General Passenger Agent Colo. Div. and D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. C. H. Titus, Traveling Passenger Agent. B. P. M. Kimball, City Ticket Agent. Des Moines, Iowa — 218 Fourth Street. — E. M. Ford, Traveling Passenger Agent. Detroit, Mich. — 62 Griswold Street. — D. W. Johnston, Michigan Passenger Agent. Helena, Mont.— 2% North Main Street.— A E. Veazie, City Ticket Agent. Indianapolis, Ind. — Room 3 Jackson Place. — H. O. Webb, Traveling Passenger Agent. Kansas City, Mo. — Ninth and Broadway. — J. B. Frawley, Division Passenger Agent. J. B. Reese, Traveling Passenger Agent. F. S. Haacke, Traveling Passenger Agent. H. K. Proudfit, City Passenger Agent. T. A. Shaw, Ticket Agent, 1038 Union Avenue. A. W. Millspaugh, Ticket Agent, Union Depot. C. A. Whittier, City Ticket Agent, 528 Main Street. Liverpool, England — 23 Water Street. — S. Stamford Parry, General European Agent. London, England — Thos. Cook & Sons, European Passenger Agents, Ludgate Circus. Los Angeles, Cal. — 51 North Spring Street. — John Clark, Agent Passenger Department. A. J. Hechtman, Agent Freight Department. Louisville, Ky. — 346 West Main Street. — N. Haight, Traveling Passenger A^vut. New Orleans, La. — 45 St. Charles Street. — C. B. Smith, Gen'I Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. D. M. Rea, Traveling Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. 7 8 WESTERN RESORTS New York City — 287 Broadway. — R. Tenbkoeck, General Eastern Agent. J. F. Wiley, Passenger Agent. F. R. Se.'VMAn, City Passenger Agent. Ogden, Utah — ynion Depot. — C. A. Henry, Ticket Agent. C. E. Ingalls, Traveling Passenger Agent. Olytnpia, Wash. — 2d Street Wharf. — J. C. Percival, Ticket Agent. Omaha, Neb. — Ninth and Farnam Streets. — M. J. Greevv, Traveling Passenger Agent. Harry P. Deuel, City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 1302 Farnam Street. J. K. Chambers, Depot Ticket Agent, Tenth and Marcy Streets. Philadelphia, Pa. — 133 South Fourth Street. — D. E. Eurley, Traveling Passenger Agent. L. T. Fowler, Traveling Freight Agent. Pittsburg, Pa. — 400 Wood Street. — H. E. Passavant, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. Tiios. Spear, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. Portland, Ore. — Cor. Third and Oak Streets. — T. W. Lee, General Passenger Agent Pacific Division. A. L. M.\xwell, General Agent Traffic Department. Harry Young, Traveling Passenger Agent. Geo. S. Taylor, City Ticket Agent, cor. First and Oak Streets. Port Townsend, IVash. — Union Wharf. — H. L. TiBBALS, Jr., Ticket Agent. Pueblo, Colo.—Y.. R. Harding, General Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. , St. Joseph, Mo. — F. L. Lynde, General Passenger Agent St. J. & G. I. R. R. Division W. P. Robinson, Jr., General Freight Agent St. J. & G. I. R. R. Division. St. Louis, Mo. — 213 North Fourth Street. — J. F. Aglar, General Agent Freight and Passenger Departments. E. R. Tuttle, Traveling Passenger Agent. E. S. Williams, City Passenger Agent. C. C. Knight, Freight Contracting Agent. Salt Lake City, Utah — 201 Main Street. — J. V. Parker,, Assistant General Freight and Pas- senger Agent Mountain Division. San Fraticisco, Cal. — i Montgomery Street. — W. H. Hurlburt, Assistant General Passenger Agent Missouri River Division. S. W. EccLES, General Agent Freight Department. C. L. Hanna, Traveling Passenger Agent. H. Frodsham, Passenger Agent. J. F, FuGAZi, Italian Emigrant Agent, 5 Montgomery Avenue. Seattle, Wash. — A. C. Martin, City Ticket Agent. O. F. Briggs, Ticket Agent, Dock. Sioux City, Iowa — 513 Fourth Street. — D. M. Collins, General Agent. Geo. E. Abbott, City Ticket Agent. Spokane Falls, Wash. — 108 Riverside Avenue. — Perry Griffin, Passenger and Ticket Agent. Tacoma, Wash. — 901 Pacific Avenue. — E. E. Ellis, General Agent Freight and Pass. Depts. Ttinidad, Colo.—O. M, Jacobs, General Agent D., T. & Ft. W. R. R. Victoria, B. C. — 100 Government Street. — G. A. Cooper, Ticket Agent. Whatcom, Wash. — J, W. Alton, General Agent Freight and Passenger Departments. J. A. S. REED, General Traveling Agent, 191 South Clark Street, Chicago. JNO. W. SCOTT. E. L. LOMAX, Ass't Gen'l Passenger Agent, General Passenger Agent, Omaha, Neb. FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. PULLMAN PALACE CAR RATES. Subject to Change. Pullman's Palace Car CoiMpany now operates this class of service on the Union Pacific and connecting lines. PULLMAN PALACE CAR RATES BETWEEN Double Berths. Drawing Room. $ 5.00 6.00 $18.00 22.00 5-50 2.50 6.00 20.00 9.00 21.00 2.00 7.00 2.50 4-50 3-50 4.00 8.00 9.00 16.00 12.00 14.00 28.00 8.00 28.00 8.50 13.00 13.00 10.00 32.00 50.00 50.00 38.00 2.00 ' 11.00 42.00 11.00 42.00 11.00 2.00 42.00 6.00 New York and Chicago New York and St , Louis. Boston and Chicago Chicago and Omaha or Kansas City Chicago and Denver St. Louis and Kansas City St. Louis and Omaha Kansas City and Cheyenne Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and Denver Council Bluffs or Omaha and Cheyenne Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and Salt Lake City Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and Ogden Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and Butte Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and Portland Council Bluffs, Omaha, or Kansas City and San Francisco or Los Angeles Cheyenne and Portland . . Denver and Leadville Denver and Portland Denver and Los Angeles Denver and San Francisco Pocatello and Butte For a Section, twice the Double- Berth Rates will be charged. The private hotel, dining, hunting, and sleeping cars of the Pullman Company will accommodate from twelve to eighteen persons, allowing a full bed to each, and are fitted with such modern conveniences as private, observation, and smoking-rooms, folding-beds, reclining-chairs, buffets, and kitchens. They are '■'•just the thing " for tourists, theatrical companies, sportsmen, and private parties. The hunting cars have special conveniences, being provided with dog- kennels, gun-racks, fishing-tackle, etc. These cars can be chartered at follow- ing rates per diem (the time being reckoned from date of departure until return of same, unless otherwise arranged with the Pullman Company): LESS THAN TEN DAYS. PER DAY. PER DAY. Hotel cars $50.00 Private or hunting cars $35.00 Buffet cars 45.00 Private cars with buffet 30.00 Sleeping cars 40.00 Dining cars 30.00 Ten Days or Over. — $5.00 per day less than above. Hotel, buffet, or sleeping-cars can also be chartered for continuous trips without lay-over between points where extra cars are furnished (cars to be given up at destina- tion), as follows: Where berth rate is $i-5o, car rate will be $35-Oo " ' " 2.00, " " " 45.00 2-50, 55 00 For each additional berth rate of 50 cents, car rate will be increased $10.00. ao) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 11 The foregoing rates include service of polite and skillful attendants. The commissariat will also be furnished if desired. Such chartered cars must contain not less than fifteen persons holding full first-class tickets, and another full-fare ticket will be required for each additional passenger over fifteen. If chartered "per diem'^ cars are given up en route, chartering party must arrange for return to original starting point free, or pay amount of freight necessary for return thereto. Diagrams showing interior of these cars can be had of any agent of the Company. PULLMAN DINING CARS Are attached to the Council Bluffs and Denver Vestibuled Express running daily between Council Bluffs and Denver, and to " The Limited Fast Mail " running daily between Council Bluffs and Portland, Oregon. MEALS. All trains, except those specified above (under head of PuUman Din- ing Cars) stop at regular eating stations, where first-class meals are furnished under the direct supervision of this Company by the Pacific Hotel Company. Neat and tidy lunch-counters are also to be found at these stations. BUFFET SERVICE. Particular attention is called to the fine Buffet service offered by the Union Pacific System to its patrons; Pullman Palace Sleepers now run on trains numbers i, 2, 201, and 202. , EXCURSION TICKETS AND RATES OF FARE. Excursion tickets to prominent resorts west of the Missouri River are on sale during the summer months, in most of the Eastern cities, at greatly reduced rates of fare. These tickets are good for from thirty days to six months. While excursion tickets to Denver, Colorado, Salt Lake City, Utah, San Fran- cisco, California, and to Portland, Oregon, are on sale at its Missouri River terminals — Sioux City, Council Bluffs, Omaha, St. Joseph, Leavenworth, and Kansas City — the Union Pacific has also placed on sale, at greatly reduced rates, excursion tickets to all the prominent places and resorts on its lines in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah; also excursion tickets for feide trips have been placed on sale, at greatly reduced rates during the summer months, via the Union Pacific, at all its prominent places of resort in the above-mentioned territory. For large excursion parties to Idaho Springs, Shoshone Falls, Soda Springs, Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake, and Utah Hot Springs, the "Alpine Tours," and "Salt Lake Tours," and also for side trips to prominent points of interest near these resorts, the Union Pacific will make special excursion rates. Note. — For full descriptions of the "Alpine Tours" and "Salt Lake Tours," see "Sights and Scenes in Colorado," and "Sights and Scenes in Utah," issued (12) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 1$ by the Passenger Department of the Union Pacific. Send for "Sights and Scenes in Idaho and Montana," "Sights and Scenes in Wyoming," "Sights and Scenes in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska," and "Sights and Scenes in Cali- fornia;" all issued by the Passenger Department of the Union Pacific, Omaha, Nebraska. BAGGAGE RATES. Subject to Change. Free baggage allowance on each full ticket, of any class, is 150 pounds, and on each half ticket, 75 pounds, to railroad points, including San Francisco and all Pacific Coast points, except between stations in Nebraska, where the free baggage allowance is 200 pounds on full tickets, and 100 on half tickets. Bag- gage may be checked through from all points in the United States or Canada to Union Pacific points, or beyond, including Pacific Coast points. The Union Pacific was the first line west of the Missouri River to inaugurate this system. Passengers holding full first-class tickets, issued on steamship orders sold in foreign countries, for transportation through the United States to foreign ports, in either direction, will be allowed 250 pounds of baggage free on each full ticket, and 125 pounds free on each half ticket. Extra baggage rate, per 100 pounds, is 12 per cent, of first-class unlimited fare. Free baggage allowance on stages is from 30 to 50 pounds, and the charge for extra weight higher than for same distance by rail. Members of the same family can pack their usual allowance of baggage in one or more trunks, provided no trunk exceeds 250 pounds in weight. The extra baggage rate from Missouri River to points in California is $7.20 per 100 pounds on all classes of tickets. Guns. — Uncased guns will be carried in baggage car only, and no charge will be made for a distance of 100 miles or less. For distances over 100 miles, baggagemen may charge 25 cents for each passenger division. Cased guns will be checked free by baggage agents, as part of the usual baggage allowance, or they may be carried by passengers in coaches without charge. For Care of Dogs — Baggagemen will collect 25 cents per head for each division of less than 100 miles, and for distances over 100 miles at the rate of one-quarter of a cent per mile. Baby Carriages — When accompanied by passengers with infants, may be checked as part of baggage allowance over this company's line, only; but when not thus accompanied, they must be turned over to the express company. Bicycles and Tricycles — Will be checked as part of the usual bag- gage allowance, when accompanied by owner holding first-class tickets to local points. 14 WESTERN RESORTS BRANCHES AND AUXILIARY LINES COMPRISING THE SYSTEM. MISSOURI RIVER DIVISION. NEBRASKA DIVISION. MILES. Main Line — Council Bluffs to Cheyenne 520. 2 Omaha and Republican Valley Branches — Sioux City to Lincoln, Valley to Manhattan, Valparaiso to Stromsburg, Grand Island to Ord, St. Paul to Loup City, Boelus 10 Nantasket, Oconee to Albion, and Genoa to Cedar Rapids 559-3 Total Nebraska Division i .079 . 5 KANSAS DIVISION. MII.KS. Main Line (Kan. Pac. Ry.) — Kansas City, Mo., to Denver, Colo 639. i Junction City & Fort Kearney Railway — Junction City to Concordia and Belleville 87. i Solomon Railway — Solomon to Beloit 57.3 Salina and Southwestern Railway — Salina to McPherson 35.5 Union Pacific, Lincoln & Colorado Railway — Salina to Colby, via Lincoln Centre 225.3 Wyandotte & Enterprise Spurs — Armstrong to Wyandotte, and Detroit to Enterprise. ... 4.0 Total Kansas Division i ,048 . 3 COLORADO DIVISION. MILES. Cheyenne District — (Den. Pac. Ry.) — Denver to Cheyenne 106.7 Julesburg District — Julesburg to La Salle 150 -9 Fort Collins District — Denver to Colorado Junction 130. 5 Argo Park District — Jersey to C. C. Cut-off ... 3.1 Buckhorn District — Loveland to Arkins 7.5 Greeley, Salt Lake & Pacific Railway — Greeley to Stout 38.6 Boulder Branch — Brighton to Boulder 27.8 Marshall District — Argo Junction to Boulder . . 27.0 ! Golden to Georgetown (x) 34 6 Forks Creek to Central City (x) 1 1 . i Georgetown to Graymount (x) 8.2 Sunset District — Boulder to Sunset (x) 12.8 Glencoe District — Ralston to Glencoe (x) 4.1 Caiion District — Denver to Como (x) 88 . 2 High Line District — Como to Leadville (x) 62.9 St. Elmo District — Como to St. Elmo (x) 65.1 Gunnison District — St. Elmo to Baldwin (x) 66.0 Morrison District — Sheridan to Morrison (x) 9.5 Keystone District — Dickey to Keystone (x) 6.9 London District — Garos to London (x) ... ) 5 ■ 5 Buena Vista District — Schwander's to Buena Vista (x) 3.8 Como Coal District — King to Coal Branch Junction (x) 3.3 Total Colorado Division 884 . i Total Missouri River Division 3.011.1 (x) Narrow Gauge. FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 15 DENVER, TEXAS & FT. WORTH RAILROAD. "TEXAS-PANHANDLE ROUTE." MILES. Main Line — Denver to Ft. Worth . 803 . 3 Manitou Junction to Colorado Springs g.o Franceville Junction to Franceville 4.0 Trinidad to Maxwell 15.8 Washburn to Panhandle City 16.0 Cuchara Junction to Walsenburg 6.6 Chicosa to Victor and Chappell , , 16.5 Total 871.2 MOUNTAIN DIVISION. WYOMING DIVISION. MILES. Main Line — Cheyenne to Ogden 514-7 Laramie, North Park & Pacific Railway — Laramie to Soda Lake 13.2 Echo & Park City Railway — Echo to Park City 28 . 2 Utah Eastern District — Coalville to Summit Mine (x) .• 3.0 Cheyenne & Northern Railway — Cheyenne to Wendover 122.9 Carbon Cut-off — Allen Junction to Hanna 16. i Total Wyoming Division IDAHO DIVISION. MILES. J Ogden to Pocatello (x) 153 4 ;5-4 Oregon Short Line — Granger to Huntington and Ketchum, and Nampa to Boise 629.7 Utah & Northern Railway — -; ^ „ „., ^ ( Pocatello to Silver Bow 25; Total Idaho Division 1,038.5 UTAH DIVISION. MILES. Utah Central Railway — Ogden to Salt Lake City and Frisco 275 . 5 Utah & Nevada Railway — Salt Lake City to Garfield Beach and Terminus. . . 37 .0 Salt Lake & Western Railway — Lehi Junction to Tintic and Silver City 53.8 Total Utah Division 366 . 3 Total Mountain Division 2,102.9 PACIFIC DIVISION. MILES. Oregon Railway «& Navigation Co.'s Lines — Huntington to Portland and Wallula Junction, 431.6 Eastern Division — Pendleton to Spokane Falls, and Walla Walla to Wallula Junction, . . . 282.4 Dayton Branch — Bolles Junction to Dayton 13.0 Pomeroy Branch — Starbuck to Pomeroy 29 . 5 Pampa Branch — La Crosse Junction to Connell 53 o Moscow Branch — Colfax to Moscow 27.8 Pleasant Valley Branch — Winona Junction to Seltin 47-7 Mullan Branch — Tekoa to W^allace , .... 79.9 Heppner Branch — Willows Junction to Heppner 45 . 2 (x) Narrow Gauge. (Continued on page 16.) 16 WESTERN RESORTS PACIFIC 1 )I VISION— Continued. Water Lines ; — Portland, Tacoma, and Alaska Steamships i Portland and San Francisco Steamships. Puget Sound Steamers. Columbia River Steamers. Willamette River Steamers. Snake River Steamers. Total Pacific Division, miles i,oio.i ST. JOSEPH & GRAND ISLAND RAILROAD DIVISION. MILES. Main Line — St. Joseph to Grand Island 251.7 K. C. & O. Ry. — Fairbury to Stromsburg 75-9 K. C. & O. Ry. — Fairfield to McCool Junction 39 . 2 K. C. & O. Ry.— Fairfield to Alma 87.2 Kansas Central Railway — Leavenworth to Miltonvale (x) 165 -9 Leavenworth, Topeka & South-Western Railway — Leavenworth to Topeka 56. i Leavenworth & Lawrence Railroad — Leavenworth to Lawrence 34 • o Total St. Joseph & Grand Island Railroad Division 710.0 MONTANA UNION RAILWAY. MILES, Main Line — Butte to Garrison , 51-2 Anaconda Branch — Stuart to Anaconda ... S.4 Total Montana Union Railway 59-6 RECAPITULATION. MILES. Missouri River Division 3, on .9 Mountain Division 2, 102 . 9 Pacific Division 1,010.. i St. Joseph & Grand Island Railroad Division 710.0 Denver, Texas & Ft. Worth Railroad 871.2 Montana Union Railway 59- f> 7,765-7 (x) Narrow Gauge. NOTES. TRAINS, EQUIP- MENT, JUNCTIONS, AND CONNECTIONS. T IS worth while knowing that two trains leave Sioux City and Council Bluffs every day for Denver, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Portland. One of these trains, the fast one, is called "The Limited Fast Mail." From Kansas City two fast express trains leave daily for Denver, Cheyenne, Salt Lake City, and Port- land. These trains have Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars and modern Day Coaches. The equipment of these trains is unsurpassed, and all that can be desired. A good road-bed, standard- gauge track, steel rails, iron bridges, and stone culverts combined, insure safety and speed. The important points where connections are made are as follows: JuLESBURG, Colorado, five miles from the Colorado-Nebraska State line, where the Council Bluffs & Denver line branches off to Denver. Denver, Colorado, where the Colorado branches of the Union Pacific connect for Idaho Springs, and important cities, resorts, and places in Colorado. Cheyenne, Wyoming, where the Kansas main line from Kansas City and the Denver Pacific main line from Denver to Cheyenne, join the Nebraska main line. (17) (18^ FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 19 Granger, Wyoming, where the Union Pacific branches off for Portland, Oregon. The trains, however, connect at Green River, thirty miles east of Granger, and are made up at that point. Pocatello, Idaho, where the Utah & Northern branch of the Union Pacific connects with the main line for Butte, Garrison, and Helena. From Pocatello the Utah & Northern branch also diverges south to Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Garfield Beach. Beaver Caxon, Idaho, on the Utah & Northern branch, where connection is made with the Union Pacific stages for the Yellowstone National Park. Shoshone Station, Idaho, on the Union Pacific Ry., where connection is made, via stage, for the Great Shoshone Falls, and also where a branch of the Union Pacific Ry. makes connection for Hailey and Ketchum. Nampa, Idaho, where the Idaho Central branch connects with the main line for Boise City. Ogden, Utah, where the Utah Central branch of the Union Pacific connects with the main line for Salt Lake City, Garfield Beach, Provo, Spanish Forks, and Frisco, and also where the Southern Pacific Railroad connects for Sacra- mento, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. Salt Lake City, Utah, where the Utah & Nevada branch of the Union Pacific connects for Garfield Beach, on the shores of the Great Salt Lake. OUTLINE OF THE TRIP ACROSS THE CONTINENT TO PORTLAND. The Union Pacific is the great National highway and forms a part of the first transcontinental line of railroad from ocean to ocean. It was conceived, and its con.struction authorized, as a war measure, the needs of the Gov- ernment during the war of the rebellion having clearly shown the necessity for it. Years have demonstrated that this grand road was most wisely and skillfully planned. There is no other line to-day possessing its peculiar advantages, and there can never be a railway constructed across the continent like it, for the simple reason that the Union Pacific occupies the very best belt of country obtainable. There is immunity, on the one hand, from the blazing suns and stifling alkali dust of the southern deserts; and on the other, the lightest possible snow-fall to be encountered on the mountain summits. It is the natural highway either for summer or winter, spring or autumn, and it must forever remain so. No amount of specious reasoning can shake the solid fact, that the Union Pacific line is the one railway across the continent unassailable by summer heat or winter storms. 20 WESTERN RESORTS. The passenger trains of this great railway are truly cosmopolitan in the curious make-up of their occupants. As one walks through the handsome sleepers or day-coaches on any of the trains, one sees a dozen different national types and hears as many different dialects. There is a composite world on wheels, and its inhabitants, for the time being, hail from all quarters of the globe. Leaving Council Bluffs via the Nebraska main line, and Kansas City via the Kansas main line, the two lines join at Cheyenne. The Kansas mam line runs to Denver; and the trip from Denver to Cheyenne, along the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, affords the tourist a kaleidoscopic panorama of hills, fields, rivers, running brooks, and lofty mountains. Leaving Cheyenne the summit of the Rockies is passed at Sherman, elevation 8,247 f^^t, the highest point on the transcontinental ride between the Missouri River and the Pacific coast. Leaving Sherman, Ames' Monument and Hippopotamus Rock can be seen from the windows of the car. Next, Dale Creek bridge, a wonderful structure over Dale Creek, is passed. Then comes Rawlins, Rock Springs, and GREEN RIVER, where the trains for Portland, Oregon, are made up, although they do hot make their departure from the main line until Granger is reached, thirty miles west of Green River, and the trip across the continent is continued to the great Northwest. The road goes along over moderate curves and grades, through pretty little valleys along the Bear River, until the great Territory of Idaho is entered at Border Station. Then on through Soda Springs and Pocatello — the junction with the Utah & Northern branch for Butte, Garrison, and Helena. Ne.xt, Shoshone Station is reached, where the junction is made for the Great Shoshone Falls, via stage, and also for Hailey and Ketchum, via rail; thence from Shoshone Station the road stretches away through Nampa, where the junction is made with the Idaho Central branch for Boise City, nineteen miles distant; and on the train goes from Nampa, through Caldwell and Weiser to Huntington, within Oregon; thence from Huntington through Baker City, Union, La Grande, Pendleton, and Umatilla Junction to "The Dalles," which takes its name from the dalles of the Columbia. From this point on to East Portland the trip is one replete with scenic wonders. Arriving in Portland, which is the metropolis of the Northwest Pacific coast, and a large, handsome, cosmopolitan city, the trip " Across the Con- tinent " to Portland, Oregon, is complete — one of the grandest within the reach of the traveler. From Portland, magnificent ocean steamers depart for the far distant Orient. Fine steamers also ply over the broad bosom of the Pacific Ocean from Portland to Alaska, and that wonderful Territory of the North. The Union Pacific's steamers, which compare favorably with the Atlantic steamships, make regular trips twice a week from Portlantl to San Francisco. FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 21 The Pacific Coast Steamship Company also run from Portland to Victoria, B. C, connecting with the Union Pacific Ry.'s line of steamers from Victoria, via Port Tovvnsend and Seattle, to Tacoma. During the excursion season of 1S89 many thousand tourists visited Alaska. To say they were pleased conveys but a faint impression of their enthusiasm. They were delighted— charmed. Ask any of them, it matters not whom, they all make the same report and tell the same story of the matchless grandeur of the trip, of the midnight sun, of the placid waters, of the aurora borealis, of the majestic mountains, of the inland seas, of the mighty glaciers, of the thunder- ing iceberg plunging into the sea and floating off in its glory of inimitable splendor, of the wealth of fish, timber and minerals, of the biggest quartz mill ever constructed, of the queer customs of the natives, of novelty and startling incidents that may well make the trip the object of a lifetime. There is nothing like it. WASHINGTON IN MARCH. Mr. E. V. Smalley, the well known journalist, in speaking of this delightful region says: " Early in March I left the storms and snows of the Eastern States, and went to the shores of Puget Sound. I spent a week in Seattle and two days in Tacoma. The weather was like an English April. It could not be closely compared with that of any locality on the Atlantic Slope, but so far as temperature was concerned it was as warm as early May in St. Paul. The mercury ranged from forty at night to sixty-five at noon. Every day except one it rained more or less in occasional warm, light showers. Now and then the sun peeped out, but never for long. The quality of the air was soft and agreeable. I did not wear an overcoat at any time except when driving. Very few people carried umbrellas, and those few appeared to be new-comers from the East. The older residents did not mind the misty rain when moving about the streets. " In the woods many kinds of vegetation had not been killed by the winter's frosts, and still showed the green leaves of last year. The door-yards in the towns were gay with flowers. Nelson Bennett, the railroad and tunnel builder, told me that when news came of the terrible blizzard in New York and other eastern cities, he and Mrs. Bennett made up a number of little nosegays, and enclosing them in hoUowed-out potatoes, mailed them to friends in those cities. In each box was a card inscribed: 'Picked in the open air in Tacoma on the day following the great blizzard in the East.' " On the nineteenth of March I left the Sound country, with its warm, moist, caressing airs and its cloudy skies, and crossing the Cascade Mountains where the snow lay deep in the forests, found myself in a wholly different climate. By the time the train had descended into the Yakima Valley the clouds were all gone and the whole landscape was bathed in brilliant sunshine. There was 122) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 23 a little sharp, sub-acid flavor in the air which told of early spring, but this, together with the glorious sunshine, gave to the weather an exhilarating effect. At Spokane Falls during the last ten days of March the weather was as agree- able as early May would be in Minnesota if there were no rain. The sky was of a brilliant summer blue, with light, white clouds, and all the spring flowers were in bloom. In fact, the buttercups had been out, the people told me, since early in February. This is notour Eastern buttercup, of the meadows and brook-sides, but a flower with a short stem that grows on dry hill-slopes and among the rocks. Indoors it was cool enough in the forenoon for a little fire to be agreeable, but outdoors, as soon as the sun was fairly up, the air was delightfully warm. The nights were cool, but not cold enough to freeze water. "Spokane Falls has an elevation of about 2,000 feet above the sea-level and is as far north as Fargo and Duluth; yet spring comes as early as in Northern Georgia or Alabama. Is it to be wondered at that so many people are going to Washington Territory because they want to live where the climate is mild and agreeable?" THE TRIP ACROSS THE CONTINENT TO SAN FRANCISCO. From GREEN RIVER, the trip across the continent to San Francisco is continued. Three miles west of Green River is Fish Cut. Green River buttes are objects of interest, and are within sight for miles. After passing Granger, Evanston is soon reached. At Wahsatch Station, the summit of the Wahsatch range of mountains is reached. The elevation is 6,824 feet, and at this point the road enters Echo Canon. Echo Creek, which runs through the canon, is crossed thirty-onetimes in twenty-six miles. Three and a half miles west of Wahsatch, the train runs into a tunnel 900 feet long. One mile east of Castle Rock is a queer formation of rock resembling the ruins of an old castle. " Hanging Rock " is what its name indicates. Two and a half miles west of Emory, on top of the bluff, is a rock called " Jackin-the-Pulpit," and further on can be seen the heights of Echo Caiion, on top of which are the old Mormon fortifications. Then comes " Steamboat Rocks." Just before reaching Echo are seen the "Amphitheatre," " Pulpit Rocks," and " Bromley's Cathedral." At Echo Station, Weber Canon is entered. One and a half miles west of Echo can be seen the "Witch Rocks." Five miles further on is the 1,000-mile tree, and a mile further on is the " Devil's Slide." Echo and Weber canons compare favorably with the celebrated Colorado canons. Three and a half miles west of Corydon, the canon broadens out, and to the left are noticed the first of the Mormon settlements. About one-half mile away, between Peterson and Uintah Station, " Devil's Gate " is to be seen, and shortly after the country widens into the Great Salt Lake Valley, when Ogden is reached. The first view of the val- ley after the surfeit of mountain scenery, is one of striking contrast, quiet and (24) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 25 pleasant to the eye. Between Cheyenne and Ogden, about ten miles of snow sheds altogether are passed at different points on the line. These sheds are located between Granite Canon and Buford, Buford and Sherman, Sherman and Dale Creek, Dale Creek and Harney, Wilcox and Aurora, Carbon and Simpson, Simpson and Percy, and Piedmont and Aspen, all in Wyoming. These sheds are quite a feature of the ride across the continent, the Southern Pacific road having about thirty miles altogether on its line between Ogden and Sacramento. Ogden is 1,034 miles from Council Bluffs, and 833 miles from San Francisco; the trip to Salt Lake City and Garfield Beach is made from this point. From Ogden, the trip is made over the Central Pacific Railroad, over great plains and through immense snow sheds, great mountain ranges, beautiful valleys, and jagged foothills. Leaving Ogden, the train passes Promontory, which was intended to be the point of junction of the two roads forming the transcontinental route, namely, the Union and Central Pacific railroads. Later on, Ogden was decided upon as a compromise. The crowning scenes of the trip across Utah, Nevada, and California are not reached until Reno is passed. Cape Horn, Emigrant Gap, the Sierra Nevadas, Donner Lake, and other objects of more than ordinary interest will be found. Nevada, of course, is celebrated for her famous mines. The great mines of Virginia City and the Sutro Tunnel attract numerous visitors. The marvelous Carson and Humboldt sinks, in which the waters of all the rivers in the State of Nevada, save one, are swallowed, the Mud Lakes, the Borax marshes, and countless numbers of thermal springs, have been the wonder of the scientist and the delight of the tourist. One hundred and fifty-five miles from Reno is Sacramento, a beautiful city, and the capital of California. It is delightfully located upon the east bank of the Sacramento River, in the midst of the most productive grain fields, vineyards and orchards in the world. The climate is delightful, and the surrounding country entrancing. P^om Sacramento, the Southern Pacific branches off via Lathrop to Los Angeles, from which pomt the prominent cities and noted resorts of Southern California are readily reached. From Sacramento, the Davis cut-off, now the main line of the Southern Pacific road, takes the tourist through to Oakland, where a transfer is made across an arm of the bay to San Francisco, and here this part of the trip " Across the Continent " terminates at San Francisco, where old Sol, darkly red from his day's exertion, sinks to rest in the broad bosom of the Pacific Ocean. (36) COLORADO POINTS. |OLOR VDU lis a Spanish word, signifying **red" or " colored " It formed a part of the Louisiana purchase in 1803, and on its organization as a Territory in February, 1861, it was made up of parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico Vasquez de Coronado was probably the first white explorer to reach this section in 1540 ; in later years Captain Pike headed a party in 1806, Colonel Long in 1820, and Fremont in 1842-4. Colorado has an area of 104,000 square miles, and is 380 miles in length and 280 miles wide; ranks first in silver and fourth in gold, and in mineral productions is accounted the richest of the States. It was admitted to the Union August i, 1876, and is known as the " Centennial State." DENVER. Denver is the social and commercial centre, not alone of Colorado, but also of the outlying Territories, and is called the " Queen City of the Plains." Its elevation is 5,170 feet above the sea-level. It is the gate to the mineral and scenic phenomena that have made the Rocky Mountains famous. In addition to its other advantages, it has a peerless climate, more conducive to outdoor enjoyment than any other known locality. It is situated on the plains at the foot, and almost within, the shadow, of the " Mighty Hills," which protect it alike from the extremes of summer and winter weather. The streets are long and level, and on either side are rows of shade trees — nourished by streams of running water — casting a shade alike upon the mansion and the cottage. There is not a paved street in the city, nor one in which the natural roadway has been improved, and there is no other city whose thoroughfares are as smooth and solid. Its hotels are excellent; in fact, they have all the improve- (37) (28) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 29 ments and modern conveniences possessed by the large hotels in the East, and the best ones would be first class even in Chicago, St. Louis, New York, or Boston. From Denver there is an unbroken view of the Rocky Mountains for nearly three hundred miles, reaching from beyond Long's Peak on the north to the historical summit of Pike's Peak on the south. This lovely mountain view is an everyday affair to the citizens of Denver, but nowhere in the world can its beauty and grandeur be surpassed. The Union Pacific runs two solid trains each way daily between Council Bluffs and Denver, and two solid trains each way daily between Kansas City and Denver. IDAHO SPRINGS. Idaho Springs, 7,543 feet above the sea-level, is a beautiful place located in Clear Creek Caiion. It is reached from Denver, via Golden, on the Colorado Central Branch of the Union Pacific. In so far as nature equips resorts, Idaho Springs is the finest that the Rocky Mountains afford. It is thirty-seven miles from Denver, situated in a cup, as it were, formed by the receding, half-encircling sides of the caiion. The heights on either side are not rocky and rugged, but verdant and inviting. Sometimes deer are seen wandering through them, almost within sight of the hotels. The place has a population of over 2,000 people, and some of the cottages cling to the sides of the canon in a very unique and perplexing man- ner. The roads are level and smooth, and lead to the most delightful retreats. The hotels are good, and society the best. Idaho Springs is so near Denver that many families from the latter city summer here, stopping either at its excellent hotels or at the adjoining cottages. The springs themselves are a great attraction, resting the wearied and heal- ing the sick. Hot and steaming they bubble and hiss from the ground, or icy cool they rise to the surface, and steal away in glassy streams. Besides the numerous private baths, there is also a mammoth swimming bath, in which a good swim may be enjoyed, as a current from the earth's bosom is continually flowing. The natural cavern, hot as a Turkish bath-room, is more effective than that penetrating bath. It boils impurities from the blood and aches from the bones. There seems to be life in it. The pool that the angel troubled in olden times never worked greater curative wonders. People drink the cool water with the same zest that they bathe in the warm, and with equally good results. It has everything that the delicate require, such as pure air, constant sunshine, and invigorating waters. An experienced and traveled physician has started a sanitarium at Idaho Springs, selecting it because it has more days of sunshine in a year than any place within his knowledge. (30) FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 31 The following is an analysis of its hot waters : Carbonate of soda 52 Carbonate of lime 16 Carbonate of magnesia 4 Carbonate of iron 7 Sulphate of soda 50 Sulphate of magnesia 32 Chloride of sodium 7 Silicate of soda 6 Total 177-69 CLEAR CREEK CANON. Clear Creek Canon is one of the wildest gorges in Colorado. Through the solid rock of this gorge has been blasted the road-bed of the Union Pacific. It is the most accessible gorge of any in the State. In the days of stages and freight-wagons, it was used as a thoroughfare. The caiion is only about one hour's ride from Denver, and it is reached from that city, via Golden, by the Colorado Central Branch of the Union Pacific. This Branch until it reaches the foothills, runs through fields as green and past farmhouses as pleasant as any of which the older States can boast. Leaving Denver Union Depot the road winds along past Argo and Arvada to Golden, a pretty and thrifty place just fairly in the mountains. Its site is the bed of an ancient lake, which has left its smooth-washed boulders and water- marks, the latter high in the air along the buttes. The road enters the cafion a few miles west of Golden, and continues on up to Forks Creek, where the passenger trains divide; one section hurries onward up to Central City, along a branch of Clear Creek Caiion, while the other continues along the caiion proper to Idaho Springs, Georgetown, and over the celebrated " Loop " to Silver Plume and Graymont at the foot of Gray's Peak. The cafion is a marvelous cliff, worn through the solid rock by Clear Creek, dashing and roaring near the track, which crosses it at short intervals. Its sides, timeworn in a thousand grotesque forms, rise from 500 to 1,500 feet, making the sky look like a narrow strip. In places there are intersecting gullies, through which rivulets come silvering down, and the sunlight strikes across the sombre caiion. Trees grow thick in places, and crown a portion of the heights. At Beaver. Brook there is a pavilion for dancing and other accommodations for picnickers. From Forks Creek the road branches off to Black Hawk and Central City, two towns really merging into one. They are but little over a mile apart in actual distance, yet to reach Central City from Black Hawk the train passes over four miles of marvelously constructed track called the "Switch Back," passing;, Estes Dome, Estes Park, Colorado — reached via the Union Pacific Ry, (;?2) >n ^* <^ S' -^ \^2 ^v 'S'KdK. .,\ J^ -n' s -r- \ ^ -L»f<- ^ol I ecuj^ n-i*'" ;*, •!•<.«%, >5rP« >v ^ IS ?v,^. 1^. [^'^ ^! : r'T^ l!l"^ / 2 <-] J^'C'^ i"'i. -£.-«• t ^1 if- A-hi '^v:^ -MVi V Kji^ *V^'i ^ o2^