DC 203 .G863 Copy 1 /^Jf CRinXSHAWS LIFE OF NAPOLEON. ^/^^ PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY TOWAR & HOGAN, No. 255 MARKET ST., AND SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 1829. f-$ ^ (^UriB^^IKD^^ f:> ADAPTED TO ^y ^ GRIMSHAW'S LIFE OF NAPOLEON ■'":^?:>-v PiaaM))Hta: PUBLISHED BY TOWAR & HOGAN, No. 255 MARKET STREET, AND SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS IN THE U. STATES. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. 1829. Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit : ««***** BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the fifth day of June, in *L. S.* the fifly-third year of the independence of the United States of ****** America, A. D. 1829, William Grimshaw, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit : " Questions adapted to Grimshaw's Life of Napoleon." In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, enti- tled, " An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the Act enti- tled, " An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled ' An Act for the En- couragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of de- signing, engraving, and etching, historical and other Prints." D. CALDWELL^ Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, t^^^ For the convenience of Teachers^ there is a Key, containing the Ansioers to these Questions. CtUESTIONS. iST The figures in the first column y denote the number of the Ques-^ lion; those in the second, refer to the 'page in the Histoid, from, which the student is to frame the Answer. CHAPTER I. Q. P. 1. 9. When was Napoleon Buonaparte born: 2. 9. At what place ? 3. 9. In what archives, are the names of his family inscribed ? 4. 9. Where are their armorial bearings to be seen? 5. 9. Who was the father of Napoleon ? 6. 9. Where was his father educated ? 7. 9. For what profession ? 8. 9. Whom did his father marry ? 9. 9. Of how many children, was she the mother ? 10. 9. How many children, survived Napoleon's father ? 11. 9. What were the names of the sons ? 1 2. 9. What were the names of the daughters T 13. 10. Where did Napoleon's father die? 14. 10, Of what disorder ? 15. 10. In what year? 1^. 10. By whom, was an appointment obtained for Napoleon, to the military school at Brienne ? 4 Q. P. 17. 10. What was then Napoleon's age? 18. 10. To what study, did he soon apply with earnestness ? 19. 10. By whom, was he taught the rudiments of mathematics ? 20. 11. What other sciences did he study, with in- creasing ardour ? 21. 15. To what school, was he sent,- to have his education completed? 22. 15. When? 23. 15. Whose literary parties did he frequent, at Paris ? 24. 16. At what age, did he receive his first com- mission ? 25. 16. In what service ? 26. 16. What is said of his features? 27. 16. Of what description, was his figure? 28. 16. When did he become captain of artillery? 29. 16. What is mentioned, as a remarkable inci- dent in the revolution ? 30. 16. What is said, of Paoli's ideas of liberty? 31. 16. What species of freedom was he desirous of establishing? 32. 16. Which side was embraced by Napoleon? 33. 16. In what war, was his first mihtary exploit? 34. 16. How did Lucien Buonaparte at this time distinguish himself? 35. 17. To what decree, was he subjected? 36. 17. Where did Madame Buonaparte, with her three daughters and Jerome, at this time seek refuge ? 37. 17. Under whose protection ? 38. 17. At what age, was Napoleon promoted to the T^nk of brigadier-general ? 5 Q. P. 39. 1 7. Who commanded the artillery at the siege of Toulon ? 40. 17. Did any accident happen to him, in that siege ? •whO@0«m'~ CHAPTER II. 41. 18. When was war declared, by France, against England and the United Provinces ? 42. 18. For what service, did the Enghsh cabinet immediately embark a considerable body of troops? 43. 1 8. Under whose command ? 44. 1 8. By whom, was Maestrich at this time in- vested ? 45. 19. By whom, was it defended ? 46. 19. By what Austrian general, were the French compelled to retreat as far as Alder- haven? 47. 19. On what day? 48. 1 9. By whom, were they, on the next day, de- feated? 49. 19. By whom, was a signal victory obtained, over the republican troops, on the third of March? 50. 1 9. Where did a general engagement take place, on the 16th? 51. 19. By whom, was the French army com- manded ? 52. 19. Near what place, did the French com- mander, on the 2 1st, compel the impe- rialists to retreat, with heavy loss ? A 2 6 Q. p. 53. 19. Was this the last achievement of Du- mourier ? 54. 19. What arrangement, was made by him, with the imperial commander ? 55. 19. What declaration did he, a few days after- wards, make ? 56. 19. What proposal did he make, to his army? 57. 19. Did they accede to his proposition ? 58. 19. State what measure he afterwards pursued. 59. 20. Where did general Dumourier die ? * 60. 20. In what year ? 61. 20. At what age? 62. 20. Who was invested with the chief command, after the defection of Dumourier ? 63. 20. After his death, upon whom did the com- mand devolve ? 64. 20. By whom, were three hundred of the Gi- ronde party denounced, as accomplices of Dumourier? Q5. 20. By whom, was an insurrection excited,^ at the Tuileries, on the second of June? 6Q, 21. On whose motion, were more than thirty of the most distinguished of the moderate republicans proscribed, as traitors ? 67. 21. Do you recollect the name of the young woman who assassinated Marat ? 68. 21. Of what place, was she a native? 69. 2 1 . What was at this time her age ? 70. 21. On what day, did she put Marat to death ? 71. 21. Who are said to have fled precipitately to the departments ? 72. 21. Which departments are said to have re- mained attached to the fallen party ? 73. 22. Which city, in particular, embraced the new convulsion, as a moment favourable to her wishes ? 74. 22. For what species of government, did Lyons declare ? 75. 22. Why did this city prefer the costly habits of a court, to the simple costume of a republic ? 76.. 22. What other places followed her example ? 77. 22. Of all the Girondists, who took refuge in their own peculiar province, which of their number alone escaped ? 78. 22. What was the fate of Gaudet, Salies, and Barbaroux ? 79. 22. What was the fate of Buzot and Petion ? 80. 22. What is said of Condorcet ? 81. 22. What is said of Valeze? 82. 22. What was the fate of Roland ? 83. 22. What female is stated to have met her death with heroic firmness ? 84. 22. Repeat the exclamation made by her, as she passed the statue of Liberty, on her road to execution. 85. 22. Who are related to have met their fate with all the calmness of innocence, and the dignity of heroic virtue ? 86. 23. Mention the celebrated chemist, who was amongst the number of the proscribed. 87. 23. What remarkable circumstance attended his execution ? 88. 23. What celebrated prince of the blood, ^yas amongst the sufferers, during the reign of terror? 89. 23. On what charge, was he condemned? 90. 23. How many of the European states were, at this time, under arms, for the prostration of the republic ? 8 Q. P. 91. 23. Can you mention the only powers that re- mained neutral? 92. 23. What troops gained the advantage, in the battle of Fa mars ? 93. 23. To what city, were they, in consequence, enabled to lay siege ? 94. 23. To whom, was it surrendered ? 95. 23. When? 96. 23. What Austrian general, about the same time, gained possession of Mentz ? 97. 23. To the reduction of what place, did the duke of York proceed, after the fall of Valen- ciennes ? 98. 23. Did he succeed in his design ? 99. 23. What French officer suffered death, for his negligence at Dunkirk ? 100. 23. By whom, was he succeeded? 101. 24. State the brilliant achievement performed, in the middle of October, by Jourdan. 102. 24. Near the walls of what city, did he arrive, before he halted in his rapid career of victory ? 1 03. 24. In what service, were the republican forces still more successful ? 104. 24. Where is La Vendee situated ? 105. 24. Of what territory, does it form a part? 1 06. 24. Who commanded the royahst army, in La Vendee ? 107. 24. By whom, had been planned an expedition, for the purpose of co-operating with the insurgent forces ? 108. 24. Who was selected, to lead the troops des- tined to this service ? 109. 25. By what republican officer, were the in- surgents completely routed ? 9 Q. P. 110 25. How many battles had they fought ? HI. 25. To what general, did Marseilles submit? 112. 25. To whom, was Lyons forced to surrender ? 113. 25. By whom, were enormous cruelties perpe- trated, in that great city ? 114. 25. From what cause, had that monster bar- boured in his breast a determination of revenge against the inhabitants ? 115. 25. How many persons were, it is said, at this - time immured in prisons, throughout France?^ 116. 25. Of this number, how many were women t 117. 25. How many persons are computed to have, at this period, suffered death ? 118. 26. When did the new French era commence, in France ? 119. 26. What ancient institution was, by this new arrangement, abolished ? 120. 26. What day was ordained as the future day of rest? 121. 26. What is related, respecting the churches in France? 122. 26. Can you give us any information as to the Jacobinical doctrine ? 1 23. 26. To what officers, was Toulon abandoned ? 124. 26. When? 125. 26. Under the direction of what British officer^ had Toulon been set on fire ? 1S6. 27. How many vessels were burned? 127. 27. How many were carried off, by the British and Spanish fleets ? !Q CHAPTER III. Q. P- . , , . . ^ 128. 27. What persons were, in the beginning of February, 1794, admitted to take seats in the convention? 129. 27. Of what description, were they? 130. 27. What decree was then passed, on the mo- tion of Lacroix ? 131. 27. What resulted from the fall of the Gi- rondists ? 132. 27. What division of the convention had the Jacobins and Cordeliers composed? 133. 28. For what object, did they now begin to struggle, amongst themselves ? 134. 28. From what circumstance, was the party of the Mountain named ? 135. 28. From what, did the Cordeliers receive their appellation ? 136. 28. Who was, at this time, their leader? 137. 28. To conciliate the poor and ignorant, what did this factious club promulgate ? 138. 28. What was the only appellation now tole- rated by them ? 139. 28. To widen the sources from which he might obtain his victims, what measures were pursued by Robespierre ? 140. 28. What persons were in consequence exe- cuted? 141. 29. What observation is made, on the death of Hebert ? 1 42. 29. Who were now doomed to partake of Robes- pierre's unquenchable ire ? 143. 29. What persons were consigned to the guillo- tine, on the second of April ? 11 Q. P. 144. 30. Of what literary works, was D'Eglantine the author ? 145. 30. By what institution, is he particularly known? 146. 30. Mention the names of the next two remark- able men who suffered death. 147. 30. For what magnanimous act, was Malesherbes distinguished ? 148. 30. What celebrated foreigner had been marked down for death 1 149. 30. To what incident, was he indebted for his life? 1 50. 30. What resolution was now formed, by Tallien, Barras, and others ? 151. 30. Whom did they accordingly impeach? 152. 31. What was the result? 153. 3i. When where they executed ? 154. 31. What character is given of Robespierre? 155. 31. Repeat his epitaph. 156. 31. At what age, was Robespierre executed ? 157. 32. What persons were, in the following year, taken to the scaffold ? 158. 32. Who were exiled to Guiana ? 159. 32. State the number of troops which France had now actually in the field. 160. 33. Who was appointed to command the army in Flanders ? 161. 33. What monarch entered the field, at the head of the confederation? 162. 33. By whom, was he joined? 163. 33. Of what territories, did the French soon become masters ? 164. 33. Which battles were, at this period, the most conspicuous ? 12 Q. P. 165. 34. What effect had the victories of the French armies, upon the King of Prussia, and the emperor of Germany ? 166. 34. What is related, in regard to the duke of York ? 167. 34. Under whom, did he leave the remains of his army? 168. 34. On what day, was Corsica united to the British crown ? 169. 34. To what officer, did the island surrender? 170. 36. By what British admiral, was the French fleet encountered, on the first of June ? 171. 36. By whom, was it commanded? 172. 36. Of how many vessels of the line, did it consist ? 173. 35. How many did the British number^ 1 74. 36. Which fleet Was victorious ? 175. 36. What observation is made, respecting the fall of Robespierre ? 176. 36. What ambassador was introduced to the legislative body, on the fifteenth of August ? 177. 37. By whom^ was the telegraph invented? 178. 37. What was the first instance of that machine having been brought into practical opera- tion ? 179. 37. What is said of the Stadtholder? 180. 37. In what country, did he seek refuge ? 181. 37. By whom, was he accompanied ? 182. 37. When did he depart? 183. 37. Under what name, were the Dutch prov- inces now declared independent, by the French ? 1 84. 37. Who was at this time minister of war ? 13 185. 37. Mention the several conquests, made by the French, in the period of seventeen months. 1 86. 37. How many victories had they gained ? 187. 37. How many actions of less note? 188. 37. How many of the enemy had they killed? 1 89. 37. How many had they made prisoners ? 1 90. 37. What number of strong places and cities had they taken ? 191. 37. What number of forts and redoubts? 192. 37. How many standards ? 193. 37. How many cannon and muskets ? 194. 37. Were they equally successful on the ocean? 195. 33. By whom, was the French fleet commanded^ in the battle of Genoa ? 196. 38. Of how many vessels, did his fleet consist ? 197. 38. By whom, was the English fleet com- manded ? 198. 38. Which side gained the victory? 199. 38. By whom, was a French fleet encountered, off L'Orient? 200. 38. Of how many vessels, did it consist ? 201. 38. What was the strength of the English fleet ? ^ 202. 38. What was the result of the engagement ? 203. 38. For these naval disasters, and the pre- ceding capture of three of their West- India islands, from what cause did the republic receive sorne consolation? 204. 38. Which of the confederated sovereigns en- tered into a negotiation with the French commissioners, at Basle ? 205. 38. When did the negotiation terminate ? B 14 Q. P. 206. 38. Besides concluding a treaty of peace, what acknowledgment was made, on the part of the Spanish monarch ? 207. 38. What colony was ceded by him, to France ? 208. 38. By what treaties, was this act of pacifica- tion followed ? 209. 38. Was the treaty with the king of England, as elector of Hanover, or in his regal character ? »H«0@d*^~ CHAPTER IV. 210. 38. By whom, were the insurgents dispersed, on the first of April ? 211. 38. By whom, was an insurrection quelled, on the twentieth of May ? 212. 39. By what nobleman, was an insurrection in Brittany excited ? 213. 39. On what peninsula, were the emigrants and republican prisoners landed, from an English fleet ? 214. 39. By whom, were they repulsed ? 213. 40. In what councils, was the legislative power lodged, by the new constitution of France? 216. 40. Of how many members, did the council of elders consist? 217. 40. Of how many, consisted the directorial power ? 218. 40. What requisite was introduced, in order again to give political importance to the middle order? 15 Q. P. 219. 40. What age was required, to qualify the mem-^ * bers of the council of five hundred ? 220. 40. Of what age, were the members of the council of elders ? 221. 40. By which of these councils, were the laws proposed ? 222. 40. Which, had the power of adopting or re- jecting them ? 223. 40. What office was to be exercised by the di- rectory? 224. 41. On what day, was the convention attacked, by a large body of insurgents ? 225. 41. By what celebrated officer, were the in- surgents repulsed? 226. 42. Mention the names of the several members chosen to fill the office of the directory. 227. 42. On Sieyes declining to accept the office, by whom was the vacancy supplied ? 228. 42. How were the wisdom and enlarged views of the new executive displayed ? 229. 42. Can you mention the names of any of the members of the Institute ? 230. 42. Of what celebrated work, was Volney the author ? 231. 42. In what branch of literature, is Raynal known ? > 232. 42. In what philosophical science, were Ber- tholet and Fourcroy distinguished ? 233. 42. For what, is Marmontel celebrated ? , 234. 42. For what works, are juvenile readers in- debted to St. Pierre ? 235. 42. By whom, was the campaign on the Rhine opened ? 236. 43, How was it concluded, by the hostile gen- erals ? 16 Q. P. 237, 43. What Dutch colony was, on the sixteenth of September, captured by Great Britain? ■» n 8®0<««— CHAPTER V. 238. 44. When did the campaign of the year 179G open? 239. 44. What was now the great object sought to be attained by France ? 240. 44. To whom, was intrusted the execution of this project? 241. 44. What was, at this time, his age? 242. 44. To whom, was he married ? 243. 44. What force was assigned to him ? 244. 44. Mention the names of the generals by whom he was accompanied ? 245. 44. By whom, was the Austro-Sardinian army commanded ? 246. 44. Was it superior or inferior to the French army, in number ? 247. 45. Where did the first action occur? 248. 45. By whom, were the French commanded ? 249. 45. Which side was victorious? 250. 45. By whom, were the defiles of Milesimo forced ? 251. 45. What sovereign was compelled, by the French army, to conclude a humiliating treaty at Paris ? 252. 45. What two dukes were next compelled to re- quest a suspension of arms ? 253. 46. On what conditions, was their request granted ? 17 Q. P. 254. 46. On what day, was the battle of Lodi fought T 255. 46. By whom, were the French commanded, in that celebrated engagement ? 256. 46. Who commanded the Austrians ? 257. 47. Which army gained the victory? 258. 47. What city did general Buonaparte enter, on the eighteenth of May ? 259. 47. What territory became subject to the victors, in consequence of the battle of Lodi ? 260. 47. Of what city, did a French detachment take possession, on the twenty-eighth of June ? 261. 47. What territory, did the main army, about the same time, enter ? 262. 48. What sovereign was so much alarmed, as to request an armistice ? 263. 48. What were the principal conditions imposed upon the Neapolitans ? 264. 48. What were the chief stipulations to which the pope was required to accede ? 265. 48. After the destruction of the army under Beaulieu, under what Austrian com- mander was the flower of the army of the Rhine detached to Italy ? 266. 48. What was the result of the battle of Castig- lione ? 267. 48. At what other places, was the Austrian general defeated ? 268. 48. In what city, was he compelled to seek refuge ? 269. 48. How many armies had the conquering gen- eral destroyed, in one campaign ? 270. 49. What island were the British, at this time, forced to evacuate? 371.. 49. Under what commander, did the fourth Austrian army enter Italy? B 2 18 Q. P. 272. ' 49. Was he more fortunate than his prede- cessors ? 273. 49. By what fatal ' engagements, was he con- strained to retire beyond the Brenta? 274. 50. When was the battle of Areola fought ? 275. 50. On what day, did the battle of Rivoli com- mence ? 276. 52. On what day, terminated the armistice, concluded by the French and Austrian commanders, on the Rhine ? 277. 52. The fidelity of Pichegru having been sus- pected, upon whom was conferred the command of the armies in that quarter ? 278. 52. Through what places, was general Moreau compelled to retreat ? 279. 52. Before what Austrian commander ? 280. 52. Of whom, is the archduke a brother? 281. 52. What character is given of him? 282. 52. What is said, in regard to Moreau's retreat? 283. 53. When' did the northern campaign terminate, and by what event ? 284. 53. In what country, was a rebellion, at this time, on the eve of bursting forth ? 285. 53. On what day, did a French fleet sail from Brest, to the aid of the inhabitants ? 286. 53. Under whose command ? 287. 53. By whom, were commanded the troops on board the fleet ? 288. 53. What caused the failure of the expedition ? 289. 54. What observation is made, respecting the remaining commerce of France ? 290. 54. Why had the Batavian Republic declared war against England ? 19 Q, p. 291. 54. What kingdom was, in the month of Oc- tober, induced to join France, in hos- tilities against the British crown ? 292. 54« Towards the close of the present year, of what member was the confederation against France deprived ? 293. 54. When did she die ? 294. 54. On what day, and in what year, did Mantua surrender to the French ? 295. 55. In how many pitched battles, and minor engagements, had Buonaparte proved victorious, in less than ten months ? 296. 55. How many prisoners had he taken ? 297. 55, How many field-pieces^ and cannon of a larger size ? 298. 55. By what means, had he supported his army ? 299. 55. How many Austrian commanders had he beaten, and how many armies had he destroyed, in one campaign ? 300. 55. Do you recollect the name of the young Austrian commander, who was sent into Italy, at the head of "the sixth army? 301. 55. Was he forced to retire before his impetu- ous rival ? 302. 55. What was the consequence of the capture of Gracjisca ? 303. 5Q. On what sea-ports, appertaining to the em- peror, did the French soon afterwards display their banners ? 304. 57. After having traversed the southern chain of the Alps, what city of the Austrian dominions did general Buonaparte ap- proach ? 305. 57. How was the humiliation of the house of Austria averted ? 306. 57. Near what place, were preliminary articles of pacification signed ? 20 Q. P. 307. 57. Where was the definitive treaty concluded? 308. 57. On what day? 309. 57. What did the emperor renounce, in favour of the French Repubhc ? 310. 57. What new republic did he acknowledge, as an independent power ? 311. 57. On what day, did Buonaparte return to Paris ? •«H0@04«~. CHAPTER VI. 312. 58. What was the consequence of the treaty of Campo-Formio ? 313. 58. What kingdom still continued to wield the sword ? 314. 58. To frustrate the design of invading England, what measures were adopted ? 315. 58. Off what cape, did admiral Jervis encounter the Spanish fleet? 316. 58. On what day, and in what year ? 317. 56. Of how many sail of the Hne, did the Eng- lish fleet consist? 318. 58. What was the number of the Spanish fleet ? 319. 58. Which fleet was victorious ? 320. 58. Where did admiral Duncan engage the Dutch fleet? 321. 58. On what day? 322. 58. Of how many vessels of the line and frigates, did the English fleet consist ? 3S53.. 58. Of what force was the Dutch fleet ? 21 324- 59. Which side gained the victory ? 325. 59. In its attempts against what island, was the naval flag of Britain not equally fortunate '? 326. 59. By whom, was the squadron commanded t 327. 59. From what cause, were the executive and legislative bodies of France in a state of open hostility? 328. 59. Whom did the directory appoint minister for foreign affairs ? 329. 60. Upon what measure, did they determine ? 330. 60. To whom, was confided, the execution of their design ? 331. 60. By whom, had he been despatched from Italy ? 332. 60. Under what pretext ? 333. 60. When was the alarm-gun fired ? 334. 60. By the .order of what members of the di- rectory ? 335. 60. What is said of the other members ? 336. 60. Mention the persons ordered to be trans- ported to Cayenne. 337. 60. Who were elected, in the place of Carnot and Barthelimi ? 338. 60. What monarch is stated to have died, in November ? 339. 61. By whom, was he succeeded? 340. 6 1 . When did a new revolution occur, in Italy ? 341. 61. Under what general, did a French army enter Rome ? 342. 61. Having abolished the papal government, under what designation, did he establish a commonwealth? 343. 61. What was the fate of the pope ? 22 Q. P. 344. 61. Against what country, did the French next declare war? 345. 61. To what officer, was confided the manage- ment of the war ? 346. 61. After Switzerland had submitted, under what title was an alhance entered into with that country ? 347. 61. The subjugation of Great Britain seeming too arduous a task for the " French army of England," what project now filled gen- eral Buonaparte's ambitious mind ? 348. 61. In what light, was Egypt considered? 349. 62. To what monarch, did the sovereignty of that country then belong ? 350. 62. From what port, did Buonaparte sail, with an armament, for the conquest of Egypt ? 351. 62, On what day? 352. 62, What character is given of his subordinate generals ? 353. 62. Mention their names. 354. 62. By what celebrated men of science, was he accompanied ? 355. 62. In his passage to Egypt, what island did he capture ? 356. 62. Do you remember the remark made by one of Buonaparte's officers, when enter- ing Valetta ? 357. 63. For what purpose, was this new acquisition designed ? 358. 63. On what day, did the French fleet anchor in the harbour of Alexandria ? 359. 63. By what officers, was Egypt then gov-. erned ? 360. 63. What was the number of inhabitants ? 23 Q. P. 361. 63. Of what description, are the real natives ? 362. 63, Are there not other inhabitants? 363. 63. By whom, are both the Copts and Arabs held in subjection ? 364. 63. By what means, was the corps of Mame- lukes recruited? 365. 63. What city was first captured, by the French ? 366. 65. Against what city, was general Dessaix despatched ? 367. 65. What place was subdued by general Kleber ? 368. 65. When did the main body of the French army enter the desert ? 369. 65. In what situation, did Buonaparte find him- self? 370. 66. When amazed at the desolation which they saw around them, what exclamation was made, by the French soldiers ? 371. 66. Near what place, were four thousand Mamelukes concentrated ? 372. 66. In the battles which ensued, there, which army was victorious ? 373. 67. What celebrated monuments did the French commander behold, on the twentieth of July? 374. 67. By whom, were the Mamelukes commanded, in the battle of the Pyramids ? 375. 68. What was the result of the engagement? 376. 68. What city opened its gates to the invaders, after the battle of the Pyramids ? 377. 70. Where was Murad now compelled to seek refuge ? 378. 70. Towards what country, did Ibraham fly ? 379. 70. What distressing information did Buonaparte shortly afterwards receive ? 24 Q. P. 380. 70. By what celebrated naval officer, was the English fleet commanded, at Aboukir ? 381. 70. When was the battle fought? 382. 71. What was the fate of admiral Brueyes ? 383. 71. How many of the French were slain or drowned ? 384. 72. Under whose command, was a small army landed, on the twenty-second of August, in Killala Bay ? 385. 72. In what country, is Killala ? 386. 72. Of how many, did the army consist ? 387. 72. How many miles did the gallant leader march, through the interior of Ireland ? 388. 72. What number of men was routed by him, commanded by the veteran Lake ? 389. 72. By how many, was he surrounded, under lord Cornwallis ? 390. 72. Where did he at length surrender? 391. 72. By whom, was a squadron of French vessels defeated, off Lough Swilly? 392. 72. What is observed, with regard to the conti- nent, in the beginning of the ensuing year, 1797? 393. 72. What is said, respecting the treaty of Campo* Formio ? 394. 73. By what incitement, was the emperor Francis at this time encouraged, to draw the sword ? 395. 73. At whose pressing interposition, had it been already more than half unsheathed ? 396. 73. What general was placed at the head of the French army of the Danube ? 397. 73. To whom, was confided the army of Switzer- land ? 25 Q. P. 398. 73. To whom, was assigned the defence of Italy? 399. 73. By what hostile leaders, were the French generals opposed? 400. 73. Under what disadvantage, did the French armies now labour ? 401. 73. By what spirit, did the directory appear to be influenced ? 402. 73. What was the consequence of the disad- vantages under which the French armies fought ? 403. 73. Mention the name of the French general, killed in the battle of Fozzolo. 404. 73. What effect was produced by a change of members in the directorial oflcice ? 405. 73. By whom, was Zurich carried by assault, and the allies compelled to repass the Rhine ? 406. 73. What was the fate of Suwarrow's army ? 407. 74. What was the fate of Suwarrow himself? 408. 75. By whom, was Syria at this time governed? 409. 75. To what power, did he acknowledge a nominal subjection ? 410. 76. To what ancient city, in Syria, did general Buonaparte lay siege ? 411. 76. Mention the names of the two singular men, by whom it was defended. 412. 77. Which of these gallant officers died, during the siege ? 413. 79. Did general Buonaparte succeed in reducing Acre? 414. 79. On what day, was the siege raised? 415. 79. How long had it continued ? 416. 79. What loss had been sustained by the as- sailants ? C 26 Q. P. 417. 79. Under whom, had a body of Turks landed j on the peninsula of Aboukir ? 418. 79. How many did they number ? 419. 79. What was their fate? 420. 80. When general Buonaparte had determined on returning to France, in order to heal the distractions of her councils, and to elevate himself to empire, to whom did he assign the command of his army ? 421. 80. Gn what day, did he embark for France? 422. 80. By what generals, was he accompanied ? 423. 80. Where did he land ? 424. 80. When did he enter Paris? ^MfO^O* CHAPTER Vli. 425. 80. By what causes, had the infant constitution of the republic been impressed with all the decrepitude of age? 426. 80. Who was considered as the head of the op- position ? 427. 81. How was general Buonaparte received, at Paris ? 428. 81. Who were present, at the secret conferences that were held? 429. 86. On what day, was the new constitution pro- claimed, at Paris ? 430. 86. By what number of the citizens of the French republic, had it been approved ? 431. SG. How many votes were given against its ac- ceptance ? 27 Q. P. 432. 86. How many consuls were appointed ? 433. 86. Mention their names, and the order of pre- cedence, in which they severally stood. 434. 86. By whom, was the new constitution chiefly composed? 435. 86. What is said, respecting the monarchy of England ? 436. 86. What remark is made, in regard to the re- public of France ? 437. 87. Who was constituted minister of the in- terior ? 438. 87. Who filled the office of minister for foreign affairs ? 439. 87. Who was minister of war ? 440. 87. Who was superintendent of police ? 441. 87. What character is given, of the revolution which had thus concluded ? "^ 442. 87. Had any lives been sacrificed, during this momentous change ? 443. 87. By what measures, were the mildness and wise policy of thie consular government displayed? 444. 88. What reply was made by the British min- ister, lord Grenville, to the pacific over- ture of the first consul ? 445. 88. By whom, was the archduke Charles suc- ceeded, in the command of the imperial forces ? 446. 88. By what French general, was the Austrian commander successfully opposed ? 447. 89. What country had now become the theatre of the mighty contest ? 448. 89. Who assumed the chief command ? 449. 89. When did he leave Paris ? 28 Q. P. 450. 89. Where did he review his troops ? 451. 89. What was the number of his army? 452. 89. By what route, did he determine to enter Italy? 453. 89. On what day, was the army put in mo- tion ? 454. 90. How many da/s were spent, in accompHsh- ing this amazing passage ? 455. 90. By whom, was the advanced guard com- manded ? 456. 90. By what great artist, was painted a repre- sentation of this exploit? 457. 90. By whom, was that painting afterwards brought to the United States ? 458. 90. Of what places, did the first consul soon become master ? 459. 90. On what day, was the battle of Marengo fought ? 460. 90. By whom, was the French army com- manded ? 461. 90. Who commanded the imperial forces ? 462. 90. Which army was victorious ? 463. 91. By the opportune arrival of what gallant officer, was the French army saved from defeat ? 464. 91. Repeat the dying exclamation of Dessaix. 465. 91. What were the collective numbers of the two armies ? 466. 91. What was the total loss of the Austrians ? 467. 91. What loss was sustained by the French army ? 468. 91. State what occurred, two days afterwards. 469. 91. How long did the campaign continue ? 29 Q. P. 470. 91. On the first consul's return to Paris, to * whom did he assign the command of his army? 471. 91. By whom, was general Starry defeated, on the plains of Blenheim? 472. 91. At what place, did Moreau defeat the arch- duke John ? 473. 91. What French commander was, at this time, in possession of the Tyrol ? 474. 92. By whom, was Mantua blockaded ? 475. 92. What request was now made, by the em- peror Francis ? 476. 92. At what place, was a definitive treaty signed ? 477. 92. On what day, and in what year ? 478. 92. Who acted as minister plenipotentiary, on the part of France ? 479. 92. Who acted for the house of Austria ? 480. 92. What cities and territories were ceded ta the repubhc ? 481. 92. Since the commencement of the war, how many armed vessels had England taken from the French ? 482. 92. Haw many had she taken from, the Span- iards ? 483. 92. What important island was captured, by England, on the fifteenth of September? 484. 93. Mention the maritime states ; which com- plained that their neutrs^lity had been violated by England ? 485. 93. What treaty was revived: by* them ? 486. 93, To dispel this formidable alliance, what measure was pursued, by the British; government ? 30 Q. P. 487. 93. Under the command of what celebrated officer, were the batteries oF Copenhagen attacked ? 488. 93. On what day, and in what year? 489. 93. What was the result? 490. 94. By what event, was the confederacy against England dissolved ? 491. 94. By whom, was the emperor Paul suc- ceeded ? 492. 94. What name has been given to the contri- vance by which it was attempted to de- stroy the first consul ? 493. 96. What is said, respecting the forces of gen- eral Kleber, in Egypt? 494. 97. What was his own particular fate ? 495. 97. By whom, was he succeeded, in the com- mand? 496. 96. Whom did the British ministers place at the head of the army, sent to Egypt, for the purpose of expelling the French ? 497. 97. What remark is made, with regard to this important enterprise ? 498. 97. When did the British army arrive in Aboukir Bay? 499. 97. Of how many men, did it consist? 500. 97. On what day, did the first division land ? 501. 97. What was the result of the battle which then occurred ? 502» 97. What observation is made, with regard to the French army ? 503. 97. What city was surrendered, to the English, on the twenty-seventh of June ? 504.. 97. By what French general, had it been com- manded ? 5Q5a 97. What was the number of its garrison ? 31 Q. P. 506. 97. What city was besieged by general Hutch- inson ? 507. 97. By what French general, was it defended? 508. 97. When did he surrender? 509. 98. What was the number of its garrison ? 510. 98. Do you remember the name of the gallant British officer, killed in the battle of Al- exandria ? 511. 98. What is mentioned, as the last movement of the war ? 512. 98. On what day, and in what year, was a de- finitive treaty of peace concluded ? 513. 98. At what place ? 514. 98. On this occasion, who represented Great Britain ? 515. 98. Who represented the consulate of France? 516. 98. What territories did the latter agree to ^ evacuate ? 517. 98. What conquests did England restore to her three antagonists ? 518. 98. What place was to be opened, as a free port ? 519. 98. What disposition was made of Malta? .«He@«« CHAPTER VIII. 520 99. Of what state, was the first consul, on the twenty-third of January, declared presi- dent ? 52K 99. What title did he soon afterwards assume ? 32 Q. P. 522. 99. What territories did he, about the same time, add, to the dominions of France ? 523. 99. When was he elected first consul, during his hfe ? 524. 99. How many dissentient voices were there, in the tribunate, on the subject of this en- largement of his power ? 525. 99. Of the first consuPs numerous institutions, what is mentioned as being singularly politic ? 526. 99. On whom, was conferred the office of grand master ? 527. 99. What island had, for some time, enjoyed a degree of precarious independence ? 528. 99. Under whose command, was an army des- patched, to reduce that extensive colony to the power of France ? ^ 529. 99. By what female, was the general accom- panied ? 530. 99. By whom, was considerable resistance made ? 531. 100. By whom, was Tuissant ably seconded ? 532. 100, By the submission of which chief, were the efforts of his more determined associates paralyzed ? 533. 100. On what conditions, were the terms of sub- mission based ? 534. 100. Were the terms faithfully observed, by the French commander? 535. 100. What was the fate of Tuissant? 536. 100. What effect was produced upon the French, by the yellow fever? 537. 100. By whom, was the island excited to revolt ? 538. 100. By what officer, was Leclerc succeeded ? 539. 100. To what exigence, was he reduced? 33 Q. P- 540. 100. Under what appellation, did the negroes St. Domingo declare the island an indt pendent state ? 541. 100. Whom did they appoint as president ? 542. 101. What inhuman law was enacted, by the French nation, on the seventeenth of May? 543. 101. What complaints were, about this time, urged against England, by the chief consul ? 544. 101. Of what, did the British ministers complain? 545. 101. To what cause, was assigned the non-evac- uation of Malta? 546. 101. By what argument, was the retention of Alexandria justified? 547. 101. What justification was offered, in regard to the abusive language of the press ? 548. 101. What reply was made, with respect to the asylum afforded to the emigrants ? 549. 102. On what day, and in what year, did the English government declare war against France ? 550. 102. What states were compelled to become par^ ties in the war, on the side of France ? 551. 102. What loss had Holland to deplore, in the cotirse of the year ? 552. 1 02. What kingdoms were constrained to furnish pecuniary assistance to France ? 553. 102. When was an unjustifiable attack made by an Enghsh squadron, upon four Spanish frigates ? 554. 1 02. How was that infraction of the law of na- tions resented. 555. 102. Mention the persons implicated in the con- spiracy against the first consul. 556. 102. What was the fate of Pichegru ? 34 Q. P. 557. 102. What was the fate of Georges? 558. 102. What sentence was passed upon Moreau? 559. 102. Was the sentence enforced ? 560. 103. What young nobleman was, about the same time, executed, near Paris ? 561. 103. Of what prince, was he the grandson? 562. 103. Upon what charge, was he executed ? ^•m9@94m» CHAPTER IX. 563. 104. When was the title of emperor conferred on the first consul ? 564. 104. By what legislative body ? 565. 104. By whom, was given the only dissentient voice ? 566. 104. To the question, " whether or not the impe- rial dignity should be hereditary in the family of Napoleon," what answer was given, by the people ? 567. 104. On what day, was he crovyned? 568. 104. By whom, were the new emperor and the empress Josephine anointed? 569. 108. What titles did Napoleon confer upon the several members of his family ? 570. 109. What honours did he confer upon his ablest generals ? 571. 111. On what day, and in what year, did Napo- leon place upon his head the iron crown of Charlemagne, as king of Italy ? 572. 111. What state did he, immediately afterwards, ^nnex to his Italian kingdom ? 35 Q. iP. 573; in. What sentiment was excited, throughout Europe, by these territorial aggrandize- ments, together with the execution of the duke d'Enghein ? 574. 111. By what cabinet, was formed a stupendous political and military plan ? 575. 111. Who are said to have joined with England, in a confederacy against Napoleon ? 576. 111. What objects were proposed by them? 577. 112. How many men were to be brought into the field, by the combined powers ? 578. 112. By what particular kingdoms, were they to be furnished ? 579. 112. By what means, were they to be set in mo- tion ? 580. 112. Which power stood by, as a spectator of the approaching contest ? 581. 112. When did Napoleon leave Paris, in order to place himself at the head of his armies ? 582. 112. Whom did he appoint, to superintend the government, in his absence ? 583. 112. Under whose command, did the several divisions of the French army pass the Rhine? 584. 112. What city was surrendered to Napoleon, on the seventeenth of October? 585. 112. Under what circumstances ? 586. 112. By whom, was it commanded? 587. 112. Of what capital city, did the French, soon afterwards, gain possession ? 588. 115. When was fought the celebrated battle of Austerlitz ? 589. 115. By what remarkable circumstance, was that battle distinguished ? 36 Q. P. 590. 115. Who was commander-in-chief of the RuS' sian and Austrian armies ? 591. 115. Who commanded the respective divisions of the French army ? 592. 115. Who wdiS at the head of the cavalry ? 593. 115. By whom, was the reserve commanded ? 594. 116. By what officers, was he attended ? 595. 118. Who gained the victory ? 596. 118. On whom, did the loss in the battle of Austerlitz principally fall ? 597. 118. What statement is given of the loss, in the French account ? 598. 119. On what day, was a peace signed, between Austria and France ? 599. 119. By this treaty, of what territories was Francis stripped ? 600. 119. What titles did he acknowledge? 601. 120. What was the consequence of the battle of Austerlitz ? 602. 120. What effect was produced by the battle of Trafalgar ? 603. 120. On what day, did it occur ? 604. 120. Who commanded the combined fleets of France and Spain ? 605. 120. Of how many sail of the line and frigates, did his fleet consist ? 606. 120. Who commanded the English fleet? 607. 120. Of how many sail of tlie line and frigates, did it consist ? 608. 123. Upon whom, did the command devolve, after the death of lord Nelson ? 609. 123. Which fleet was triumphant? 610. 123. How many sail of the line were captured, by the victors ? 37 Q. P. 611. 123. What character is given of the victory of Trafalgar ? 612. 123. What was the fate of the gallant Ville- neuve ? '0@ft«'-' TOWAE & HOGAN, No, 255 Market Street^ Philadelphia^ HAVE PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE, THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, from the foundation of the Mo- narchy, to the death of Louis XVI. Interspersed with entertaining Anecdotes and Biographies of eminent men. 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