^7)397 3Y7 /a Congress, ) SENATE. ( Document t Session. \ ^ Ko. 40. WHITE PINE TIMBEE SUPPLIES. LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, TRANSMITTING. IN RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTION OP APRIL 14, 1897, A STATEMENT PREPARED BY THE CHIEF OP THE DIVISION OP FORESTRY REGARDING TVHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. April 19, 1897. — Keferred to the Committee ou Finauce and ordered to be printed. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary, Washington^ D. C, April 15, 1897. Sir : Pursuant to the resolution of your honorable body, dated April 14, 1897, asking for information regarding white-pine timber supplies, I have the honor to transmit a statement prepared under my direction by the chief of the division of forestry, which will conform at least with the spirit of the resolution. I regret that the information at hand does not permit of i more concise statement of this important question, but believe that the statement contains the closest possible approximation to actual facts and furnishes a striking argument for the need of r ,tional forest management. Eespectfully, Jamf,. Wilson, iSecretary, The President of the Senate. REPORT ON THE PROBABLE AMOUNTS OF WHITE PINE AND OTHER CONIFEROUS TIMBER STANDING AND Il'S CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES. U. S. Department cf Agriculture, " D'i vision of Forestry, WasI ingt07i, B. C, April 15, 1897. There are no statistics of timber slaU' ng in the United States avail- able which can claim to be ac; urate i any mathematical sense, nor WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES, would it be possible to ascertain such, if for no other reason than that the methods of utilization, which are largely dependent on changes of local and market conditions, change the amounts of material considered merchantable, harvested, or sawed from a given forest growth, the conception of what constitutes merchantable timber varying. In the following statement, therefore, only a general survey of the reported facts has been attempted for the purpose of making clear the situation regarding the supply and consumption of coniferous wood in the United States. In this the more or less partial estimates of dis- interested parties, combined with a professional knowledge of possi- bilities or probabilities, have been utilized for an approximation to the truth — a statement of probabilities rather than actualities. Ever since the i^ublication of the statistics of the Tenth Census regarding the white pine timber standing — nearly fifteen years — there has been a contention as to their correctness. Time has proven their extreme inaccuracy, for, while then only eight years' supply was sup- posed to be standing, when the annual cut was 10 billion feet, we have, with an increased cut, lumbered white pine for sixteen years and still there is a considerable quantity left. Yet, at last, the end is visible, and even the most sanguine can not longer hide the truth that within the next decade we shall witness the practical exhaustion of this greatest staple of our lumber market. As stated before, even now there are really no statistics upon which to base a correct prognostication as to the date of this exhaustion. Estimates only are available, and estimates of standing timber are pro- verbially unreliable, mostly underestimates, and always to be taken with caution. Furthermore, if an estimate of the duration of supplies of a special kind is to be made, it is necessary not only to know the supplies and the present cut but also to foresee the changes in the cut, the replacement in the market by other kinds, and the economies that may be practiced in the methods of logging, as, for instance, by the reduction in the size acceptable for saw logs, by cutting smaller trees, by the use of band saws, and by closer utilization generally, whereby the duration of supplies can be lengthened. Thus, while the estimates of the Tenth Census were based on a mini- mum log of, say, 10 or even 12 inches diameter, in the present practice 8-inch .,nd even 5-inch logs are used; while in 1880 hemlock went beg- ging and vliitewood had not yet been found to answer as a good substi- tute for white pine, and Southern pine had not yet begun to compete, the interchan. eableness of all these species in the market now renders the forecast stii^ more comi^licated. Nevertheless, ii has become aj^parent that while white pine will be cut in the United ^'tates for many decades, as owners of the stumpage control their holdingc, the enormous amounts which have hitherto been cut annually can not be had beyond the next five or six years, even with Canada to help in eking out our deficiencies. CONSUMPTION. From the statistics of the cut since 1873, compiled by the North- western Lumberman (see Appendix 1), it appears that since that year the stupendous amount of 154 billion feet, B. M., and 83 billion shingles, or altogether in round numbers 1G5 billion feet of white pine has been cut in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; and this total may be readily increased, by allowing for cuts in other parts of the coun- try, to over 200 billion feet, B. M., which this single species has yielded WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. U to build np our civilization in the last eighteen years, an amount to pro- duce wliich continuously at least 20,000,000 acres of well-stocked and well-kept pine forest would be required. Divided for convenience and comparison into six-year periods, tlie cut in the Northwest appears to have been as follows, according to the source cited : White pine sawed hy mills of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. [In billion feet, B. M., round niunbers.] 1873-1878. 1879-1884. 1885-1890. 1891-1896. 23 2 40 3 48 44 Shingles (1,000^ = 100 feet, B. M.) 2 25 43 51 46 A total of 165 billion feet, B. M. From 1873, when the cut was about 4 billion feet, the draft on this resource was constantly increased until 1892, when it reached its maxi- mum, nearly 9 billion feet, B. M., and 4J billion shingles. Then a gradual decline began to 7f billion feet in 1893, 6| billion feet in 1894, rising once more to over 7 billion in 1895, and reaching the lowest output in 1896, with 5^ billion feet; shingle production declining similarly to 1^ billion, which, translated into board measure, raises the requirements for that year to little less than 7J billion feet. This decline does not necessa- rily indicate any giving out of the supply, but might have been due, and probably was due, to business depression generally and to the competition of other kinds of lumber and shingles. The total output of white pine in 1890, before the maximum was reached and when the cut of the Northwest was recorded for lumber and shingles as a little over 9 billion feet, was placed by the comiDetent agent of the Eleventh Census, in charge of the statistics of lumber manufacture, at 11.3 billion feet of white pine and Norway pine, or about 25 per cent as coming from other regions, while hemlock, spruce, and fir were estimated as furnishing 7.9 billion feet, so that our require- ments of these classes of timber may for ordinary years be placed in round numbers at 20 billion feet. In discussing the question of duration of supplies it can, as stated before, be reasonably done only by considering at the same time all supplies of a similar nature, namely of the white pine, Norway pine, spruce, and hemlock at least, which can be and are used more or less interchangeably, and will be still more so in the future, to meet our immense requirements for this class of material. That these require- ments are not to remain stationary, but have a tendency to increase, may be seen from the development of the wood-pulp industry. While in 1881 the daily capacity of wood-pulp mills was less than 750,000 pounds, it had more than doubled in 1887, and then increased steadily, doubling almost every three or four years, as follows: Pounds. 1887 1,687,900 1888 2,1.53,500 1889 3, 474, 100 1890 4, 12, 200 1891 4,497,200 Pounds. 1892 5,136,300 1893 6. 49.5, 400 lS9i 7,231,900 1895 9,027,000 4 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. This last figure may be conservatively estimated to correspond to an annual consumption of probably 800,000,000 feet, B. M., of material. There was imported from 1891 to 1896 wood pulp to the value of $10,337,659, as follows: 1891 $1,902,689 1892 1,820,143 1893 2,908,884 1894 1,664,547 1895 984,692 1896 1,056,704 Total 10,337,659 SUPPLIES. While the above figure of 20 billion feet, B. M., gives a fair idea as to average consumption, which may vary perhaps by 10 per cent one way or the other, we are much less certain as to supplies standing. For Minnesota the chief fire warden of the State has attempted a canvass (see Appendix 2), the result of which would indicate nearly 18 billion feet as standing in the State, including Norway pine, the estimate having been made for 1895. This has been criticised by com- petent judges as much too high; nevertheless, adding the estimates of all other kinds of coniferous wood, some of which as yet remains unused, it is thought that a statement in round numbers of 20 billion feet of coniferous wood in Minnesota fit for lumbering, though large, would be reasonably enough near the truth for our purposes in forecasting the probabilities. For Wisconsin oificial data are entirely lacking; an estimate of 10 billion as the maximum stand of white pine and Norway pine has been made by a competent lumberman. (See Appendix 3.) As there is considerable hemlock and other coniferous wood in the State, and as it is preferable to overstate, we may treble this amount and take 30 billion feet, a probable overstatement of 50 per cent, as the maximum amount of coniferous timber fit for lumbering standing in the State. For Michigan a canvass from township to township has been made by the commissioner of labor of the State for 1896 (see Appendix 4), which develops an area of 2^ million acres in pine and hemlock. If the average stand per acre, which the census of 1890 showed as 6,000 feet for white pine, is applied to the whole area, the amount of timber standing would be 15 billion feet, which, for safety, we may increase by 20 per cent, or say 18 billion feet, of which 6 billion would be white pine. This, too, is supposed to overstate the conditions by 50 per cent. For Pennsylvania the partial returns of the commissioner of forestry would make an estimate of 10 billion feet pine and hemlock appear highly extravagant. In a X)rivate communication he estimates the standing timber of white pine at 500 million, of spruce at 70 million, and of hemlock at 5,000 mdlion feet, B. M. For New York, without much basis, 5 billion may be allowed as an extravagant figure, with a cut of not less than 500 million feet; another 3 billion for New Hampshire; and, with a closer estimate, based on figures given by the forest commissioner of Maine, that State may be given at best not to exceed 10 billion feet of spruce, pine, and hemlock. It is well known that in the " Pine Tree" State the white pine is long since reduced to a small proportion of the coniferous wood standing. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Tlie spruce country is confined to the elevated northern half of the State, north of a line from the White Mountains to Mars Hill, with a spruce-bearing- area of probably less than 6,000 square miles. The stand on the two main spruce-producing drainage basins, the Kennebec and Androscoggin, has been estimated at round 5,000 million feet, B. M., with a present cut of round 350 million feet. Partial statistics of the cut are given in Appendix 5, which would indicate a total cut of conif- erous woods in Maine of not far from 500 million feet in 1895 and ])receding years. In all these estimates of standing timber the writer has leaned toward extravagance rather than understatement, and thus the total is found to add up 100 billion feet of coniferous growth in the Northern States, of which less than half is pine, to satisfy a cut of at least 18 to 20 billion feet per annum. The writer does not say that in less than six years every stick of pine, spruce, and hemlock will be cut, for such figures as these do not admit of mathematical deductions, but the gravity of the question of supply is certainly apparent. Even doubling the estimates, it is found that, with the present rate and method of cutting, ten years must have exhausted our virgin timber of these classes. We should add that much more intimate knowledge exists now regarding these supplies than was possible in 1880, when much of the country was still unopened and unknown. OTHEE SUPPLIES. The Southern pines, to be sure, will enter more largely into competi- tion, as also the cypress and other coniferous woods of the South. The entire region within which pines occur in the South in merchant- able condition comprises about 230,000 square miles, or, in round num- bers, 147,000,000 acres; for land in farms, 10 million acres must be deducted, and allowing as much as two-thirds of the remainder as rep- resenting pine lands (the other to hard woods), we would have about 90 million acres on which pine may occur. An average growth of 3,000 feet per acre — an extravagant figure when referred to such an area — would make the possible stand 270 billion feet, provided it was in virgin condition and not largely cut out or culled. Altogether, the writer has reached the conclusion that, adding all other coniferous wood in the Sitnth, an estimate of 300 billion feet would be extravagant, which, added to the Northern supply of coniferous wood, gives a total supj)ly of 400 billion feet to draw from in the Eastern United States; and as the entire cut of these classes of wood appears now to be not less than 25 billion feet a year, and probably is nearer 30 billion, it may be stated with some degree of certainty that not fifteen to twenty years' sux)ply of coniferous timber can be on hand in the Eastern States. In 1886 the writer ventured a statement that there was 600 billion feet of coniferous growth in the Eastern States; the cut was then esti- mated at 12 billion feet. If an average cut of 20 billion for the last ten years be allowed, which is reasonable, the present estimate of 400 billion standing would lend color to the approximate correctness of these figures. If the inquiry is extended to the coniferous growth of the Pacific Coast, which in spite of the distance must finally come to our aid, only partial comfort will be found. The writer's estimate of 1,000 billion feet standing has been by competent judges declared extravagant. The annual cut on the Pacific Coast approaches certainly 4 billion feet, 6 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. "hence, adding these fignres to those obtained for the East, with 1,400 billion feet standing at best, and a cnt of at least 30 billion feet per annum, there would appear to be, under most favorable contingencies, not more than forty to fifty years of this most necessary part of our wood supply in sight if the same lavishness in the use of it is continued. To be sure, there is some new growtli and reproduction going on. The probability as to the former is that decay and destruction by fire offsets the accretion on the old timber of coniferous growth, and no one familiar with our forest conditions and present methods will indulge in a hope that the reproduction and young growth can materially change the results. Long before any new reproduction can have attained log size we will have got rid of the virgin supplies. ECONOMY. There is, then, only the possible alternative of supplying ourselves from other countries, or of curtailing our cut. In this latter regard the possibility is large. Not only can a much closer utilization of the standing timber be practiced, but a more economical use of the same is reasonably to be expected. As will appear from the figures given, this country consumes of conif- erous wood somewhat over 400 feet, B. M., per capita, while England, which probably has the lowest per capita consumption of wood among civilized nations, being almost entirely dependent upon importation, is able to get along with one-third that amount, and Germany's consump- tion remains below 150 feet, B. M., per capita of all kinds of sizeable wood. The margin within Avhich, therefore, we can curtail our require- ment is large enough to lengthen out our supplies considerably. CANADIAN SUPPLIES. As to importations, there is practically only one country from which such timber can be obtained — Canada. The statistician of the department of agriculture of the Dominion of Canada in 1895 estimated the white pine standing at 37.3 billion feet, with an annual cut of nearly 3 billion feet, including spars, masts, shingles, etc., which, as will readily be seen, can not materially change the position stated before, namely, that the next decade must witness the practical exhaustion of this greatest lumber staple. Even allowing 10 billion feet of merchantable spruce, which may be found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, such allowance can not appreciably retard this exhaustion, since the total annual cut of Canadian coniferous wood exceeds 5 billion feet. Fifty per cent may be readily added to the estimates of standing timber in eastern Canada, thus assuming 75 billion feet as on hand, and still Canada's cut alone will exhaust her resources in fifteen years, and this country will assist her to get rid of it in less time. So far the importations from Canada, although rapidly increasing, have been insignificant when compared with our home consumption. The importations of all kinds of forest products and wood manufac- tures have been hardly over 1 per cent of our own production, and, if we confine the inquiry to coniferous material only, the proportion of the importation of this class of materials rises to hardly 5 per cent of our home production of the same kinds. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 7 The two tables following, taken from the statements of the CTuited States Bureau of Statistics, show the trade relations of the two coun- tries as regards tbese classes of imports from one country to the other. Value of imports of tvood and wood manufactures from Canada to the United States. [United States Bureau of Statistics.] JTrom— 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1890. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick: $413, 536 742, 875 1, 640, 804 9,012,215 $340, 680 888, 789 2, 642, 094 9, 974, 274 $334, 267 658, 806 3, 415, 403 7,735,856 $1, 972, 885 179, 489 9, 240, 665 950, 778 108, 179 $2, 762, 630 85, 056 Quebec and Ontario: 11, 700, 851 19,969 133, 148 1 Total 11,809,430 13, 845, 837 12, 144, 332 12, 451, 996 14, 701, 694 Value of imports of wood and wood manufactures from the United States to Canada. [United States Bureau of Statistics.] To— 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick $115,110 1, 746, 867 100, 743 $92, 208 1, 990, S31 100, 012 $208, 737 2, 740, 868 111,914 $190, 196 2, 416, 728 146, 423 $21G, 977 2, 723, 459 152, 079 Total 1, 962, 720 2, 183, 051 3, 061, 519 2, 753, 347 3, 092, 515 Exports of coniferous products from Canada to United States. [In millions of teet, B. M., rounded oif.] Coniferous products. 1877-1882. 1883-1888. 1889-1894. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Logs: 6 years. 5.5 9.0 2.2 6 years. 9.5 26.6 4.6 6 years. 20.0 86.9 504.5 5.0 23.0 74.0 5.9 21.0 127.0 5.2 17.9 277.9 2.2 25.0 212.2 4.8 15.2 Piue 157.7 Totallogs 16.7 40.7 611.4 102.0 153.9 301.0 239.4 177.7 Lumber: Deals 31.5 43.5 965.8 1.4 14.9 3.9 (a) 108.7 64.8 1, 132. 9 .8 21.8 1.6 (rt) 204.5 250.7 3, 098. 1 .7 132.2 165.5 (a) 53.0 38.7 651.4 .2 33.4 51.0 89.4 759.1 42.5 42.8 1,018.3 44.2 44.0 549.5 48.8 52. 3 Boards, scantling, etc. Masts, spars, and otiier 720.5 40.3 36.5 65.8 45.7 Pulpwood blocks 30.0 62.0 61.5 76.3 100.0 Total manufactured 1, 061. 1, 330. 6 3, 851. 7 806.7 1, 001. 8 1, 201. 6 779.8 967.3 Total coniferous 1, 077. 7 1, 371. 3 4, 463. 1 908.7 1, 155. 7 1, 502. 6 1, 019. 2 1, 145. a Too small to be stated in millions of feet, B. M. To arrive at an idea of the extent to wliich we have so far drawn on our neighbors for coniferous supplies, an attempt has been made in the following table to segregate from the trade and navigation reports of the Dominion of Canada those items which have reference to this dis- cussion, translating into board measure approximately the returns given in other measures. These figures are probably somewhat below the 8 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. truth, but are sufficiently accurate for tlie present purpose, and are, moreover, the only ones available: Logs imported from Canada. ]884 . 3885. 1886 . 1887. Pine logs. Quan- tity, M feet. 974 380 2.869 6,350 468 10, 839 32, 144 1889 1890 1891 1 36,699 1892 1 73,963 1893 (127,084 1894 277,947 1895 212,231 1896 1157,400 Value. $8, 012 2,300 24, 452 49, 242 3,875 94, 287 261, 626 313, 281 651, 540 1,056,355 2, :!59. 951 1, H60, 319 1, 423, 489 Price perM feet. $8.23 6.05 8.52 7.75 8:28 8.70 8.14 8.54 8.81 8 32 8.49 8.77 9.06 Spruce logs. Quan- tity, M feet. 6,820 11, 165 17,541 17, 526 20, 714 20, 360 20, 073 28, 494 23, 404 21, 103 17, 926 25. 095 15, 182 Value. $31, 793 49, 449 81, 874 88, 773 99, 450 137, 298 156, 898 158, 334 141,168 123, 254 107, 250 90, 990 86. 075 Price per M feet. $4.66 4.43 4.67 5.65 4.80 6.74 6.02 5.56 6.02 5.84 6.00 3.64 5.67 Hemlock logs. Quan- tity, M feet. 4,818 3,629 6,881 4,206 4,512 6,420 2,952 2,210 5,057 5,880 5,217 2,217 4,761 Value. $19, 168 14, 752 28, 076 17,447 18, 383 24,261 12, 288 9,802 21, 426 26, 036 19,713 9,017 18, 607 Price per M feet. 4.07 4.08 4.15 4.07 3.78 4.17 4.44 4.24 4.43 3.77 4.06 3.90 It will be seen that each six years' period shows an increase, and that the exports of the last three years were only 25 per cent lower than those of the six j^receding years. The largest imports were recorded for 1894, when nearly 1^ billion feet partly manufactured coniferous wood and 300 million feet of logs of conifers were imported. This latter importation increased steadily up to that time, furnishing raw material mainly to our Michigan mills, whose home supply is largely gone. In the importation of logs it is interesting to observe that they increased in quantity without reference to the existence or absence of the export duty which the Canadian Government imposed in 1886 and abolished in 1891, and the price per M feet also seems uninfluenced. The necessity for these supplies to our mills, esjiecially the mills of the Saginaw (Michigan) district, began to assert itself in 1886, the very year the export duty was imposed to prevent, if possible, these exports of raw material, and has grown constantly, the decline in 1895 and 1896 simply marking the general business depression. It will be evident from these statements that our virgin coniferous supplies must share the fate which the buffalo has experienced, unless a i^ractical application of rational forestry methods and a more economic use of supplies is presently inaugurated. Since coniferous wood repre- sents two-thirds to three-fourths of our entire lumber wood consumption, and its reproduction requires more care and longer time than that of hard woods, the urgency of changing methods in its use and treatment will be apparent. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 9 Appendix 1. Comparative statement of the white pine lumber product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1S96, inclusive. [Compiled by Northwestern Lumberman.] Locality. Duliith district .St. Croix Kiver Cliippewa Kiver Lumber line (C, St. P., M. & O. K.R.) "Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St.PaulRwy "Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western R wy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- sin , Total, west of Chicago district Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Liidington '\^'■hite Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills- -Chicago and Lake Superior district.. Total, Chicago district . . Cliicago and "West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansingand Northern R.R Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — Michi- gan Total, railroad and in- terior mills The Saginaw "Valley. Lake Huron shore... Total, Saginaw district. . Lake Erie j'oints Grand total 304, 392, 755 166,785,000 206, 548, 688 148, 466, 773 1, 092, 746, 462 114, 546, 339 181,418,261 182, 990, 8'Jl 206, 115, 454 47, 000, 000 340, 435, 350 3, 051, 445, 913 639, 673, 224 75, 500, 000 211,801,069 55, 3U6, 034 12,112,000 48, 249, 379 470, 589, 855 1,513,231,561 8, 489, 000 95, 843, 820 14, 500, 000 29, 470, 249 85, 270, 000 154, 352, 000 387, 925, 069 316,797,879 196, 787, 419 513, 585, 298 71, 925, 107 5, 538, 112, 948 473,914,956 207, 600, 000 278, 131, 000 212, 807, 651 I, 544, 525, 530 74, 180, 000 249, 366, 160 291. 395, 544 291,035,185 66, 745, COO 412, 261, 337 4, 101, 962, 363 749, 253, 796 102, 362, 000 250,116,874 68, 212, 745 16, 575, 000 40, 907, 946 300, 000 588, 911, 194 1, 816, 639, 555 33, 746, 479 140, 168, 203 14, 975, 000 18, 444, 950 85, 609, 119 196, 145, 987 489, 089, 738 388, 266, 202 229, 545, 308 617,811,510 67, 895, 432 7, 093, 398, 598 1894. 367, 695, 913 173, 140, 000 265, 530, Oil 178, 942, 410 1, 413, 417, 811 85, 650, 000 329, 102, 105 262, 017, 145 292,063,135 66, 495, 350 331, 554, 357 3, 765, 598, 237 696, 830, 466 87, 800, 000 261, 536, 338 93, 765, 581 14, 066, 000 127, 510, 272 500, 000 472, 044, 975 1893. 398, 919, 727 162, 214, 909 292, 766, 997 237, 359, 742 1,543,012,126 37, 701, 870 3G2, 623, 994 340, 634, 126 321, 597, 810 67, 983, 173 320, 782, 202 1892. 441, 400, 000 198, 860, 000 316, 897, 012 266, 875, C43 1, 761, 829, 090 37, 700, 000 464, 990, 621 403, 478, 121 409, 700, 984 68, 817, 350 318, 291, 365 4, 085, 596, 676 4, 688, 840, 186 871,480,222 105, 115, 684 239, 648, 406 92, 345, 685 18, 000, 000 131, 286, 000 1, 000, 000 570, 435, 791 972, 828, 418 114, 001), 000 297,319,746 120, 557, 296 28. 500, 000 253,716,426 800, 000 548,413,965 1,754,053,632 2,029,311,788 2,336,135,851 30, 677, 833 150, 832, 829 21, 068, 000 33, 021, 000 90, 701, 003 175, 140, 218 53, 318, 794 186, 840, 326 37, 945, 000 65, 494, 552 85, 811, 307 142, 208, 247 501,440,883 571,618,226 482,558,546 | 594,410,676 210,614,301 I 264,067,808 693,172,847 I 8-58,478,484 48, 845, 050 54, 743, 284 97, 820, 717 177, 811, 234 11,690,000 80, 692, 820 147, 269, 222 133, 635, 000 648, 918, 993 705, 989, 027 456, 048, 366 1, 162, 017, 393 66, 836, 000 6, 763, 110, 649 7, 599, 748, 458 8, 902, 748, 423 10 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the white pine lumber product of the Xorthwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Dulntli dist lict St. Croix Kiver Cliippewa River , Lumber line (C, St. P., M. and O.R.K.) "Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills— Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rwy , Wisconsin Central Railroad. . . Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills— Wiscon- sin , Total, west of Chicago district Green Bay shore district. Chaljoyiian Manistee Ludiufiton White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district. . . Chicago and West Michigan Bwy Grand Rapids and Indiana K.R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — Michi- gan Total, railroad and in- terior mills Tlie Saginaw Valley. Lake Huron shore. . . Total, Saginaw district.. Lake Erie points Grand total , 1891. 287, 781, 000 190,717,450 328, 954, 021 246, 304, 357 243, 252, 488 205, 292, 262 394, 622, 292 250, 546, 754 1, 493, 396, 835 1, 582, 907, 021 46, 900, 000 41, 565, 000 351, 452, 502 355, 588. 498 285, 203, 395 103, 375, 000 248, 036, 860 3, 937, 709, 918 823, 896, 671 87. 800, 000 278, 097, 201 146, 909, 748 24, 785, 000 337, 156, 763 2, 600, 000 434, 373, 816 336, 977, 527 283, 269, 308 104, 840, 000 257, 484, 449 4, 135, 130, 947 881,355,513 127,540,000 280, 495, 172 150, 605, 714 28, 500, 000 433, 960, 553 32, 668, 392 475, 804, 519 470, 723, 201 2, 176, 959, 902 J2, 405, 848, 545 103, 820, 543 165, 182, 516 20, 453, 793 68, 588, 694 129, 329, 627 70, 535, 100 1889. 221, 903, 300 150, 869, 000 305, 415, 348 251, 462, 430 1,343,737,412 43, 030, 000 372, 047, 125 292, 359, 359 254, 807, 237 109, 463, 941 249, 272, 808 3, 594, 367, 960 918, 919, 821 105, 568, 034 284, 12G, 271 136, 406, 109 24, 875, 000 490, 912, 236 38, 798, 309 481, 752, 576 2, 481, 358, 356 138, 382, 923 146, 479, 116 191, 650, 684 230, 830, 778 30, 984, 023 77, 829, 402 58, 830, 000 78, 208, 644 132, 731, 568 145, 767, 101 02, 065, 534 i 63, 712, 227 557, 910, 273 762,901,386 437, 655, 533 1, 200, 556, 919 70, 000, COO 7, 943, 137, 012 633, 644, 134 723, 827, 866 815, 767, 948 836, 184, 171 597, 863, 141 601, 594, 924 1,413,631,089 [1,437,779,095 76,250,000 63,500,000 8, 664, 504, 715 ,8, 305, 833, 277 1888. 278, 283, 573 187, 648, 238 314, 192, 782 282, 499, 375 1, 489, 798, 477 48, 458, 747 342, 154, 712 313, 721, 068 203, 183, 625 119, 333, 887 179, 179, 462 3, 758, 453, 946 730, 187, 2S4 96, 600, 000 262, 830, 201 130, 681, 881 64, 250, 000 626, 588. 166 52, 543, 416 412, 897, 501 2, 376, 578, 509 133, 992, 589 221, 956, 670 96, 118, 721 74, 079, 140 129, 185, 921 44, 939, 824 700, 272, 865 876, 300, 087 621, 689, 053 1, 497, 989, 140 55, 422, 000 8,388,716,460 1887. 243, 450, 068 135, 653, 300 325, 783, 661 286, 449, 692 1, 262, 778, 448 24, 071, 334 296, 139, 945 313, 428, 000 183,751,300 100, 812. 293 135, 382, 109 3, 307, 700, 150 672, 609, 3S0 87, 443, 000 258, 328, 476 137, 250, 380 84, 323. 440 665, 449, 921 52, 000, 000 382, 408, 475 2, 339, 873, 022 121, 996, 525 295, 774, 248 84, 249, 932 95, 441, 220 124, 392, 261 11,408,000 733, 362, 186 766, 375, 696 555, 855, 730 1, 322, 231, 426 54, 750, 000 7, 757, 916, 784 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 11 Comparative statement of the tvhite pine lumber product of the Northwest from 1S73 to 1S96, inclusive — Continued. Localitv. Duliith district St. Croix Kiver Chippewa Kiver Lumber Liue (C, St. P.. M. & O.K.R.) "Wisconsin Kiver Mississippi Kiver Miscellaneous mills -Minne- sota "Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul ilwy Wisconsin Central R . R Mil., Lake Shore & "Western Ry Wolf River Miscellaneous mills— Wiscon- sin 1886. Total, west of Chicago district Green Bay Shore district Cheboy j;an Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon , Grand Haven and SpringLake. Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district.. Total, Chicago district Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R riintand Pere Marquette R. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central Miscellaneous mills — Michi- gan Total, railroad and in- terior mills The Saginaw Valley , Lake Huron shore Total, Saginaw district. . Lake Erie points Grand total 193, 387, 095 127, 603, 242 347, 492, 315 281,485,131 1, 326, 158, 802 30, 026, 000 200, 314, 613 275, 272, 408 128,515,211 99, 033, 779 105, 839, 571 3, 115, 128, 167 3,169,018,977 590, 740, 912 97, 500, 000 244, 359, 885 115, 200, 000 75, 347, 648 620,334,164 73, 663, 069 279, 698, 669 2, 196, 844, 347 90, 573, 762 367, 072, 251 106, 393, 937 83, 923, 610 112,-716,447 13, 675, 000 774, 319, 007 784, 891, 224 499, 685, 698 1885. 161, 850, 000 161,531,745 372, 956, 872 274, 111, 604 1, 437, 889, 793 27, 495, 000 2U, 993, 817 229, 225, 000 87, 6:i0, 000 130, 900, 000 70, 435, 146 1834. 243, 967, 300 149, 686, 881 454, 544, 723 288, 095, 526 587, 067, 001 60, 447, 464 220, 759, 776 85, 632, 040 94, 576, 430 543,409,637 86, 250, 000 299, 078, 276 1, 977, 220, 624 103, 926, 889 240, 404, 203 116, 168, 504 87, 030, 475 100, 028, 930 16, 082, 000 663, 641, 001 1, 284, 576, 922 54, 500, 000 7, 425, 368, 443 1, 190, 913, 953 52, 300, 000 7, 053, 094, 555 1, 414, 294, 695 6, 900, 000 271, 720, 795 301, 993, 232 99, 232, 878 142, 672, 196 75, 538, 531 3, 448, 646, 757 601, 804, 134 83, 200, 000 237, 522, 675 98, 848, 490 84, 261, 555 639, 952, 568 120, 617, 335 370, 063, 355 2, 236, 270, 112 100, 567, 700 312, 961, 877 126, 092, 378 107, 481, 946 95, 255, 374 46, 673, 447 789, 032, 722 978, 564, 984 431, 268, 479 1, 409, 833, 463 51, 250, 000 7, 935, 033, 054 191, 093, 103 124. 464, 190 428, 852, 505 276, 545, 180 1, 290, 062, 690 42, 050, 000 254, 607, 810 282, 000, 000 127, 251, 625 149, 104, 690 3, 134, 331, 793 686, 644, 708 82, 000, 000 219, 710, 682 128, 832, 122 76, 750, 000 646, 263, 886 150, 946, 998 119, 921, 680 2, 111, 070, 076 196, 576, 368 306, 367, 900 129, 672, 500 110,024,786 76, 345, 788 64, 413, 508 1882. 154, 528, 950 113,453,471 414, 994, 735 196, 999, 934 1,372, 319,' 903 236, 205, 388 142, 220, 000 145, 438, 461 154, 462, 954 2, 931, 924, 1C6 638, 020, 113 74, 451, 788 236, 823, 385 136, 248, 851 108, 328, 251 643, 780, 512 192, 706, C32 158, 012, 233 2, 188, 371, 665 206, 911, 000 329, 610, 668 102, 748, 000 112, 638, 562 72, 650, 000 97,851,000 883, 900, 850 901,781,164 478, 070, 903 1, 439, 852, 067 55, 635, 000 7, 624, 789, 786 922, 409, 230 1,012,951,211 441, 966, 134 1, 454, 917, 345 54, 528, 380 7, 552, 150, 744 12 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the ivliite pine lumber product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896^ inclusive — Continued. Locality. Duluth district St. Croix Elver Chippewa River Lumber line (C, St. P., M. & O. R.E.) 1881. 87, 866, 000 124, 020, 474 380, 390, 917 1880. 36, 000, 000 111,380,000 350, 632, 000 1879. 28, 500, 000 84, 230, 000 243, 665, 000 1878. 10, 500, 000 61, 941, 000 154, 119, 000 187 53,341,000 157, 046, 000 Wlaconsin River Missis8i])pl River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry "Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy "Wolf River ' Miscellaneous mills — "Wiscon- 1, 153, 191, 303 923, 035, 000 153,747,000 688, 141, 000 105, 809, 000 480, 698, 000 124, 923, 000 506, 090, 000 180, 499, 000 182, 499, 000 141, 902, 000 142, 236, 000 138, 849, 000 208, 000, 000 150, 218, 000 226, 854, 000 104, 739, 000 270, 176, 000 90, 907, 000 120, 000, 000 96, 398, 000 135, 500, 000 Total, west of Chicago district 2, 459, 315, 694 2, 072, 257, 000 1, 573, 198, OOO I, 023, 974, 000 1, 063, 298, 000 Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington "While Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district.. Chicago and "West Michigan Kwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — ^Michi- gan >. 532, 387, 607 73, OUO, 000 208, 729, 054 123, 168, 945 140, 010, 042 661, 845, 423 191, 696, 077 180, OCO, 000 505, 756, 488 79, 173, 653 197, 050, 311 118, 377, 297 91,451,458 591, 201, 649 135, 919, 658 82, 420, 492 383, 723, 000 56, 000, 000 197, 352, 000 111,860,000 83, 150, 000 504, 555, 000 120, 795, 000 74, 195, 000 322, 336, 294 55, 500, 000 169, 212, 932 120, 896, 288 89, 617, 107 355, 991, 899 80, 000, 000 57, 526, 239 271, 879, 494 52, 500, 000 148, 983, 152 105, 328, 873 82, 420, 000 327, 325, 106 80, 805, 871 68, 923, 000 2, 110, 837, 148 1, 801, 351, 006 1, 531, 540, 000 1,251,080,759 1, 138, 165, 496 109, 210, 936 267, 940, 292 114,158,080 130, 920, 704 84, 187, 079 200, 000, 000 58, 380, 000 174, 785, 000 71, 530, 000 92, 681, 000 68, 275, 000 163, 000, 000 87, 804, 000 146, 503, 000 92, 673, 000 80, 650, 000 95, 615, 000 150, 000, 000 65, 000, 000 128, 508, 000 99, 450, 000 59, 642, 000 93, 500, 000 120, 000, 000 28, 750, 000 139, 129, 000 104, 216, 000 75, 711, 000 143, 800, OOO 133, 000, 000 Total, railroad and in- terior mills 906, 417, 091 628, 651, 000 The Saginaw Valley Lake Huron shore 982, 320, 317 313, 966, 499 862, 453, 000 286, 583, 000 Total, Saginaw district. . Lake Erie points Grand total 1, 296, 286, 816 1, 149, 036, 000 653, 245, 000 566, 100, 000 624, 606, 000 736, 106, 000 312, 854, 000 574, 163, 000 214, 155, 000 640,166,000 129, 098, 000 1, 048, 960, 000 788, 318, 000 769, 264, 000 6, 768, 856, 749 5, 651, 295, 006 ;4, 806, 943, 000 3, 629, 472, 759 3, 595, 333, 496 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 13 dymparaiive statement of the ivhite jnne lumber product of the Northwest from 1S73 to 1806, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Duluth district St. Croix River Chippewa Hiver Lumberliue (C, St. P., M. &0. R. R.) Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minnnesota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee ana St. Paul R wy Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwv Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wisconsin 66, 793, 000 255, 867, 000 141, 700, 000 700, 819, 000 1875. 75, 520, 000 274, 077, 000 119, 600. 000 617, 397, 000 1874. 60, 200, 000 282, 199, 000 121,600,000 575, 443, 000 1873. 71, 000, 000 267, 000, 000 125, 000, 000 650, 000, 000 138, 645. 000 145, 050, 000 163,737.000 110, 000, 000 185, 000, 000 85, 000, 000 Total, west of Chicago district. Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludiu u ton White' Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district 1, 448, 874, 000 1,360,331,000 1, 309, 442, 000 313, 086, 000 45, 500, 000 146, 425, 000 104, 724, 000 79,6110,000 296 334, 000 58, 500, 000 74, 360, 000 274, 356, 000 29, 400, 000 160, 826, 000 94, 800, 000 64, 000, 000 330, 400, 000 83, 100, 000 84, 080, 000 233, 769, 000 29, 500, 000 152, 508, 000 92, 225, 000 51, 300, 000 309, 200, 000 80, 964, 000 94, 825, 000 Total, Chicago district. 1, 118, 529, 000 1, 120, 962, 000 1, 044, 291, 000 Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R. li Detroit, Lansing and Northern R. R. Flint and Pere Marquette R. R Mackinaw Division, Michigan Cen- tral K.R Miscellaueoiis mills— Michigan 37, 250, 000 126. 250, 000 88, 351), OUO 71,935,000 141, 750, 000 124, 000, 000 56, 970, 000 147, 825, 000 104, 950, 000 82, 357, 000 155,850,000 200, 000, 000 40, 615, 000 112, 000, 000 66, 700, 000 89, 475, 000 114, 550, 000 236, 000, 000 Total, railroad andinterior mills 589, 535, 000 747, 952, 000 659, 340, 000 The Saginaw Valley . Lake Huron Shore. . . 573, 958, 000 148, 150, 000 581, 558, 000 157, 750, 000 573, 633, 000 164, 600, 000 Total, Saginaw district . Lake Erie points Grand total , 722,108,000 739, 308, 000 738, 233, 000 170, 000, 000 70, 000, 000 1, 353, 000, 000 283, 000, 000 41, 100, 000 183, 245. 000 83, 670. 000 88, 580, 000 329, 689, 000 117, 535, 000 100, 000, 000 1,226,819,000 50, 600, 000 130, 000, OuO 75, 400, UOO 55, 303, 000 50, 300, OOO 260, 000, 000 621, 603, 000 619, 867, 000 172, 491, 000 792, 358, 000 3, 879, 046, 000 3, 968, 553, 000 3, 751, 306, 000 3, 993, 780, OOO 14 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the shingle product of the Northicest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive. Locality. 1896. 1894. 1893. 1892. Duliith di s t rict St. Croix Kiver Chippewa liiver Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. and O.K. R) Wisconsin Kiver Mivssis.sippi Kiver Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Kwy Wisconsin Central K. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Kwy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- 45, 383, 500 37, 532, 500 104, 211, 750 29, 931, 000 89, 501, 000 36, 822, 000 137, 604, 000 49, 252, 500 70, 234, 500 59, 717, 000 138, 575, 250 75, 491, 750 102, 120, 750 59, 455, 750 174, 567, 2.50 110, 781, 000 134, 220, 000 87, 839, 000 188, 243, 500 147, 767, 250 284, 963, 750 14,911,250 46, 801, 500 19, 583, 000 43, 968, 750 9, 894, 000 78, 224, 000 408, 452, 000 11, 416, 000 69, 129, 650 43, 181, 750 97, 919, 000 22, 678. 750 111, 202, 200 424, 954, 250 18, 525, 000 119, 504, 000 59, 420, 000 152,551,250 24,450,000 155, 630, 000 545, 263, 350 11, 372, 000 110,701,000 115,794,250 169, 340, 000 28, 246, 000 111,667,250 746, 165, 500 4, 450, 000 218, 764, 000 129, 589, 250 290, 255, 000 44, 556, 000 102, 263, 750 Total, west of Chicago district 715, 405, 000 1, 077, 158, 850 1, 299, 053, 000 1, 539, 308, 600 2, 094, 119, 250 Green Bay Shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and SpringLake. Miscellaneous mills— Chicago and Lake Superior district.. Total, Chicago district . . Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R. Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R Flint and Pere Marquette R.R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R.R MiscellaneousmQls — Michigan Total, railroad and inte- rior mills 322, 462, 000 21,700,000 217,517,000 11,601,000 15, 285, 000 40, 676, 750 136, 564, 000 765, 805, 750 15, 000. 000 33, 103, 000 8, 900, 000 29, 000, 000 28, 600, 000 132, 893, 000 278, 760, 500 34, 302, 000 259, 737, 500 22, 859, 500 21, 8U0, 000 53, 825, 000 330, 085, 250 31,200,000 245, 289, 000 38, 848, 000 27, 048, 000 62, 252, 000 301,708,750 43, 401, 000 269, 483, 500 37, 668, 750 29, 700, 000 75, 953, 000 306, 941, 400 50, 000, 000 345, 969, 423 51, 322, 250 60, 000, 000 169, 392, 000 149, 662, 000 160, 672, 000 215, 906, 950 204, 340, 250 820, 946, 500 895, 394, 250 973, 821, 950 1, 187, 965, 323 26. 027, 750 52, 535, 000 12,350,500 44, 250, 000 41, 612, 750 226, 266, 500 33, 630, 500 95, 985, 000 25, 457, 000 79, 733, 750 83, 265, 000 325, 103, 850 98, 351, 500 134, 722, 000 28, 460, 000 108, 099, 500 83, 322, 750 235, 923, 600 96, 344, 000 145, 451, 953 28, 325, 000 163, 876, 500 85, 325, 000 189, 826, 000 247, 496, 000 403, 042, 500 643, 175, 100 718, 879, 350 709, 148, 453 The Saginaw Valley. Lake Huron shore. . . 38,180,750 49,843,000 90, 017, 950 114, 377, 750 88, 307, 250 95, 753, 250 112, 826, 000 76, 333, 000 182,315,250 106, 447, 000 Total, Saginaw district.. Grand total 128,198,700 164,220,750 184, 060, 500 189, 159, 000 288, 762, 250 1, 856, 905, 450 '2, 465, 368, 600 I 3,021,682,850 3,421,168,900 4, 279, 995, 276 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 15 Comparative statement of the sMngle product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Diiluth district St. Croix Kiver (Hiijipewa River Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. ctD.K.K) ■Wisconsin River Mississippi River Ziliscellaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division Ciiicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rwy Wisconsin Central R. R , Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwv Wolf River....' Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- sin Total, west of Chicago district Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Sprinsr Lake . Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district . . Total, Chicago district . . Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Gran^ Rapids and Indiana R. R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R R Flint and Pere Marquette R. R Mackinaw Division Michigan Central R.R Miscellaneous mills— Michigan Total, railroad and inte- rior mills The Saginaw Valley Lake Huron shore Total, Saginaw district. Grand total 93,101,000 71, 750, 000 182, 171, 500 122, 994, 750 1890. 661, 825, 250 1, 950, 000 159, 965, 250 114, 206, 000 255, 9r.6, 250 72, 933, 000 84, 212, 000 1, 821, 054, 000 246, 177, 250 11, 500, 000 318, 642, 000 90, 991, 250 25, 883, 000 191, 117, 250 157, 799, 250 1; 042, 110, 000 77, 594, 000 78, 654, 000 85, 674, 750 129, 625, 000 95, 746, 500 119, 183, 250 586, 477, 500 226, 938, 000 78, 513, 000 305, 451, 000 85, 682, 500 85, 605, 750 191,507,500 136, 899, 150 689, 886, 600 6, 900, 000 194, 693, 000 144, 981, 900 226, 551, 750 80, 181, 000 115, 457, 000 1, 958, 346, 150 1, 966, 710, 800 100, 326, 750 64, 925, 250 178, 779, 750 710, 491, 800 11, 375, 000 200, 408, 500 132, 343, 250 246, 350, 000 50, 690, 500 122, 886, 750 340,101,250 3, 000, 000 404, 378, 500 114, 422, 750 41,000,000 304,721,000 174, 490, 000 1,451,113,500 389, 196, 000 8, 500, 000 584, 945, 750 101,484,500 42, 000, 000 347, 201, 750 141,676,500 1, 579, 004, 000 97, 895, 000 93, 172, 000 162, 466, 000 176, 820, 000 132, 891, 000 118, 788, 250 125, 166, 000 146, 400, 000 205, 571, 000 204, 966, 750 107, 999, 000 54, 407, 000 782, 032, 250 221, 345, 600 72, 987, 000 294, 332, 609 3, 755, 092, 500 J4, 487, 824, 500 844, 509, 750 222, 246, 250 86, 505, 000 308, 751, 250 4, 698, 975, 800 1888. 111,261,250 66, 712, 750 159, 020, 000 127, 368, 000 585, 804, 350 23, 535, 000 167, 726, 500 130, 081, 500 91, 793, 000 57, 382, 000 51, 950, 000 1,572,634,350 281, 497, 250 6, 500. 000 582, 394, 500 97, 630, 000 47, 132, 500 501,157,000 4, 000, 000 122, 182, 000 1, 642, 498, 250 117,431,000 175, 882, 750 331, 420, 500 206, 764, 250 106, 653, 200 24, 169, 000 962, 320, 700 263, 784, 000 73, 414, 501 337, 198, 501 4, 514, 646, 801 1887. 84, 496, 000 48, 574, 250 134, 791, 250 111,546,000 461, 399, 500 17, 088, 000 126, 776, 500 152, 223, 500 89, 914, 000 57, 592, 000 41, 901, 000 1, 326, .302, 000 242. 832, 250 11, 000, 000 433, 131, 750 79. 657, 500 52, 020, 500 520,531,7,50 41, 275, 000 113, 808, 000 1, 494, 256, 750 136, 856, 750 298, 208, 000 351, 386, 000 159,411,250 63, 500, 000 36, 150, 000 1, 045, 512, 000 196, 983, 000 53, 413, 000 250, 396, 000 4, 116, 466, 750 16 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the shingle product of the Northtvest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Duluth district , St. Croix Kiver Chippewji River Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. andO. R. R.) "Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscbllaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago Milwaukee and St. Paul Rwy "Wisconsin Central R. B Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- sin Total west of Chicago district Green Baj^ shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake. Miscellaneous mills — Cliicago and Lake Sviperior district . . Total, Chicago district.. Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Granfl Rapids and Indiana R.B Detroit Lansingjand Northern E.E, Flint and Pere Marquette R. R Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R.li , Miscellaneous mills — Michican Total, railroad and inte- rior mills The Saginaw Valley. Lake Huron shore . . . Total, Saginaw district. Grand total 64, 370, 500 42, 186, 750 216, 125, 990 157, 557, 500 520, 594, 250 21, 740, 000 109, 458, 500 140, 645, 750 83, 040, 000 45, 758, 750 45, 278, 500 1,446,756,490 222, 982, 350 9, 000. 000 507, 388, 500 118,161,750 50. 653, 000 458, 100, 000 124, 670, 000 135, 031, 000 1, 625, 986, 600 116, 017, 000 403, 999, 750 472, 029, SOO"! 148, 035, 250 62, 100, 000 12,150,000 1,214,331,500 227, 463, 000 62, 993, 120 290, 456, 120 1885. 67, 050, 000 51, 527, 250 195, 937, 000 146, 688, 000 610, 118, 000 15, 355, 000 122, 409, 250 142, 537, 000 89, 655, 000 75, 812, 000 30, 124, 000 1, 547, 212, 500 246, 478, 000 4, 000, 000 482, 9U7, 000 55, 507, 000 73, 535, 000 383, 844, 500 97, 527, 250 104, 467, 500 1, 448, 326, 250 102,374,500 244, 248, 000 391, 420, 000 206, 608, 000 35, 075, 750 1, 500, 000 981, 226, 250 227, 739, 750 53, 469, 000 281, 208, 750 4, 577, 530, 710 4, 257, 973, 750 58, 165, 250 48, 819, 000 192, 382, 500 134, 332, 250 593, 325, 000 950, 000 138, 621, 200 193, 872, 000 55, 324, 250 108, 871, 750 51, 155, 000 1, 575, 818, 200 140, 738, 750 3, OUO, 000 610, 334, 050 45, 918, 500 58, 380, 000 327, 525, 500 133, 322, 000 117, 714, 250 1, 436, 933, 050 73, 868, 000 378, 579, 000 497, 567, 000 224, 660, 000 2, 650, 000 30, 729, 250 1, 208, 053, 250 281, 325, 500 57, 696, 000 339, 021, 500 4, 559, 826, OOO 1883. 49, 767, 000 51, 336, 000 136, 612, 250 71, 846, 500 538. 252, 000 13, 635, 900 163, 091, 250 216, 958, 000 106, 627, 000 73, 528, 000 1, 406, 653. 000 172, 470, 750 7, 000, 000 722,869,139 41, 307, 750 39, 555, 000 225, 529, 000 147, 834, 000 83, 940, 000 1, 440, 505, 639 134, 077, 000 220, 568, 000 178, 335, 000 209, 575, 000 18, 306, 250 53, 807, 500 814, 668, 750 244, 631; 750 58, 297, .500 302, 929, 250 3, 964, 756, 639 51, 736, 500 64, 059, 250 162, 845, 950 55, 837, 000 578, 928, 000 165, 24 L 000 108, 397, 000 142, 292, 500 155, 400, 000 1, 484, 719, 200 139, 223, 333 721,999,000 84, 091, 250 38, 000, 000 121, 398, 250 57, 000, 000 211, 716, 875 1, 373, 428, 708 134, 054, 500 267, 927, 000 132,018,000 253, 417, 000 8, 650, 000 100, 000, 000 896, 066, 500 278, 514, 000 61, 549, 250 340, 063, 250 4, 095, 277, 658 WHITE PINF- TIMBER SUPPLIES. 17 Comparative statement of the thhigle product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1890, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Duluth district St. Croix River Chippewa River Lumber line (C, St. P., M. andO.R.R.) Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Rwy Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwj^ Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- sin 24. 650, 000 71,887,000 124, 141, 250 419, 723, 343 1880. 7, 500, 000 52, 958, 000 87, 926, 000 289, 658, 000 40, 300, 000 73, 016, 000 169, 439, 000 208, 331, 000 35, 595, 000 60, 458, 000 144, 450. 000 179, 900, 000 1877. 27, 980, 000 55, 448, 000 102, 007, 000 242, 865, 000 106, 140, 000 •108,834,000 81,300,000 93, 700, 000 162, 117, 750 175, 000, OOO 144,411,000 166, 630, 000 83,167.000 200, 000, 000 Total, west of Chicago district 1, 192, 493, 343 924, 083, 000 774, 253, 000 Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludiugton White^Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake. Miscellaneous mills— (JIhicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district.. Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grancl Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansing and North- ern R. R , riiutand Pere Marquette R. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — Michigan 179, 212, 625 601,890,000 92. 109, 000 36, 088, (100 89, 000, 000 175, 000, 000 85, 000, 000 189, 561, 000 1, 250, 000 440, 469, 000 56, 707, (100 47, 245, 000 58, 003, 000 168, OUO, 000 45, 881, 000 194, 941, 000 3, 000, 000 366, 684, 000 52,715,000 65, 400, 000 36, 000, 000 118, 000, 000 61, 775, 000 1, 258, 299, 625 I, 007, 116, 000 898, 515, 000 100, 000, 000 167, 842, 286 157, 659, 000 212,814,313 30, 000, 000 80, 000, 000 66, 292, 000 186,581,000 97, 049, 000 152, 350, 000 40, 428, 000 200, 000, 000 75, 277, 000 274, 869, 000 119,314,000 90, 275, 000 81, 875, 000 250, 000, 000 Total, railroad and inte rior mills I 748.315,599 742, 700, 000 891, 610, 000 The Saginaw Valley 304, U2.n. 500 Lake Huron shore 42, 872, 750 241,075,160 57, 938, 000 Total, Saginaw district. . 346, 898, 250 299, 013, 160 Grand total 3, 546, 006, 81 7 j 2, 972, 912, 160 218, 934, 750 75, 800, 000 66, 065, 000 175, 300, 000 661, 785, 000 169, 550, 000 2, 500, 000 340,116,000 25, 000, 000 55, 000, 000 16, 000. 000 110, 000, 000 60, 000, 000 778, 166, 000 71, 000, 000 192, 900, 000 133, 300, 000 133, 450, 000 100, 500, 000 275, 000, 000 906, 150, 000 153, 989, 750 61, 400, 000 294, 734, 750 215, 389, 750 2, 859, 112, 750 2, 561 , 490, 750 100, 736, 000 133, 000, 000 662, 636, 000 156, 375, 000 4, 8U0, 000 205, 000, Olio 20, 000, 000 51, (JOO, 000 36, 0011, 000 68, OUO, UOO 50, 000, 000 585, 175, 000 65, 500, 000 328, 460, OUO 298, 184, 000 166, 030, 000 144, 000, 000 225, 000, 000 1, 227, 174, 000 167,971,755 53, 900, 000 221, 871, 755 2, 696, 8567755 S. Doc. 40- 18 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the shingle product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. 1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. 30, 195, 000 79, 250, 000 51, 525, 000 72, 500, 000 23, 900, 000 63, 000, 000 35, om, 0u6 65 000 000 Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. & 0. R. R.) 106, 250, 000 313, 172, 000 77, 150, 000 338, 903, 000 45, 025, 000 318, 052, 000 53 800 000 299 650 000 Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, 132, 700, 000 84, 000, 000 22, 000, 000 Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rsvv WolfRiver 123, 192, 000 48, 400, 000 150, 225, 000 37, 500, 000 164, 650, 000 52, 000, 000 168 480 000 Miscellaneous raiUs — Wisconsin 46, 860, 000 Total, west of Chicago district. 833, 159, 000 811,803,000 688, 627, 000 668, 790, 000 107, 200, 000 9, 000, 000 189, 000, 000 18, 000, 000 61, 000, 000 32, 000, 000 45, 000, 000 48, 000, 000 63, 200, 000 8, 500. 000 148, 500, 000 16,115,000 20, 000, 000 28, 101), 000 40, 000, 000 46. non. 000 126, 300, 000 8, 000, 000 129, 500, 000 15, 000, 000 30, 000, 000 26, 000, 000 38, 000, 000 52, 000, 000 108 450 000 7 900 000 120 000 000 8 OUO 000 White Lake 29, 500, 000 22, 750, 000 Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and 36, 000, 500 60,000 000 Total, Chicago district 509. 200, 000 370, 315, 000 424, 800, 000 393, 100, 000 Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana R. R Detroit, Lansing, and Northern R. R . Flint and Pere Marquette R. R Mackinaw Division, Michigan Cen- tral K. R 140. 375, 000 219, 2.50, 000 189, 450, 000 146, 300, 000 221, 450, 000 350, 000, 000 101,485,000 206, 400, 000 158, 148,000 161, 800, 000 114, 487, 000 300, 000, 000 106, 000, 000 249, 000, 000 100, 000, 000 118, 500, 000 92, 800, 000 400, 000, 000 80, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 90, 000, 000 120, 699, 000 15, 100, 000 Miscellaneous mills — Michigan 400, 000, 000 Total, railroad and interior 1, 275, 825, 000 1, 042, 320, 000 1, 066, 300, 000 905, 799, 000 204, 346, 725 78, 000, 000 224, 030, 240 67, 350, 000 208, 489, .555 85, 000, 000 218, 394, 550 91, 350, 000 Total, Saginaw district 282, 346, 725 291, 400, 240 293, 489, 555 309, 744, 550 2, 900, 530, 725 2, 515, 838, 240 2, 473, 216, 555 2, 277, 433, 550 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 19 Appendix 2. Summary of estimates of coniferous wood standing in Minnesota, 1896. [Compiled from report of State chief fire warden.] [Feet, B. M.] County. "White pine, mil- lion. Norway pine, mil- lion. Jack pine, mil- lion. Sprnce, million. Cedar, million. Tama- rack, mil- lion. 375 120 1,500 1 1.6 550 800 25 75 60 350 (a) (a) (a) 0.4 100 150 5 (a) 200 10 ' Cook 200 ! 10 (a) 10 450 0.2 2,200 150 1,500 500 18 800 450 3,200 2 6 300 50 550 30 100 100 .'■,0 200 40 7 0.4 300 150 700 0.075 30 50 200 400 * 150 (a) Ottertail (a) Pine .. (a) 100 450 (a) 400 <600 400 Todd (a) 100 1 Total 12, 0,50 14, 424 3, 017. 875 3,412 640 640 1,060 1,050 1,010 1,010 6U0 The summary given by the chief firo 450 a Small amounts reported. Appendix 3. Estimates of white pine standing in State of Wisconsin, 1895. County. Ashland ... Barron * . . . Bayfield ... Burnett*... Chi])pewa*. Clark* Douglas Florence - . . Forest Iron Langlade. .. Lincoln Marathon*. Marinette.. Oconto Oneida Feet,B.M. 400, 000, 000 Small amounts. 1,700,000,000 Smallamounts, do do 1, 300, OCO, 000 400, 000, 000 900, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 200, ( 00, 000 600, 000, 000 Smallamounts 700, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 600,000,000 County. Portage*... Price Sawyer Shawano*., Taylor Viiaa , "Washburn "Wood* Allowance fbrstarred (*) counties Probable cut ince 1895 Timber standing Feel, B. M. Smallamounts. 400,000,000 500, 000, 000 Smallamounts. 400, OOU, 000 400, 000, UOO 300, 000, 010 Smallamounts. 9, 200, 000, 000 800, 000, 000 10, 000, oon, 000 2, 000, 000, 000 8, 000, 000, 000 Total assessment valuation of the counties, estimated, for 1895 $21, 513, 227 Farm property, according to census 1895, 1,111,546 acres, valuation 6,208,645 Balance assessment on woodlands, round numbers 15, 000, 000 20 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Appendix 4, Coniferous timher sianding in Michigan, 1S97. [Compiled from fourteenth annual report of the State commissioner of labor.] County. Alcona Alger Allegan Alpena Antrim Arenao Baraga Bay Benzie Berrien Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Crawford Dt'lta Dickinson Emmet Genesee #. Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse. Gratiot Houghton Huron Ionia Iosco Iron Isabella Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Lcehiuau Kumber acres of standing pine in county. 640 800 82 80 800 160 000 835 595 940 440 000 021 780 540 225 160 800 369 30 750 430 20 700 860 1 759 471 888 052 120 Kumber acres of standing hemlock in county. 13, 620 46, 064 70 15,440 12,539 2,677 117, 000 9, 720 3,540 320 200 10, 934 33, 446 119, 570 6,880 1, 300 111,408 12, 100 26, 160 15, 740 47, 000 9, 032 66, 180 90 6,060 26, 400 7.680 21,035 1,000 15, 080 2,635 55 6,900 County. Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette Mason , Mecosta Menominee . . Midland Missaukee Mont calm Montmorency Muskegon . . .'. Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda , Otsego Ottawa Presque Lsle . Roscommon... Saginaw Sanilac Schoolcraft ... Shiawassee . . St. Clair Tuscola Van Buren "Wexford TotaL Number acres of standing pine in county. Number acres of standing hemlock in county. 4 5,000 10, 563 5 6,527 85, 690 13,912 10 19, 890 10, 912 120 12, 780 355 2,665 20 73 3.750 63, 280 1, 120 21, 706 17, 266 20 9,086 4,920 2,103 10 61, 367 700 105 ?0 3,700 12, 000 58, 700 12, 813 90, 006 4.360 13, 527 C5, 090 720 21,280 750 15, 330 470 2, 221 6, 437 6, 105 207, 160 12, 158 4,000 6,965 1, 6U0 27, 981 12,4J0 20 105,218 1,420 10,' 920 775, 208 1, 468, 166 Appendix 5. Coniferous lumber cut in Maine since 1872. KENNEBBC RIVER AND AFFLUENTS. [Compiled from books of log-driving companies.] Tear. Million feet B.M. 1872 153.9 178.6 121.1 124.8 153.8 62.1 118 131.4 141.3 238.9 209.1 206.2 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 ... 1880 1881 1882 1883 Million feet B.M. 179.2 182.5 214.7 165.4 213. 4 227.5 242.1 226.2 224.9 271 174 165.7 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 21 Coniferous litmher cut in Maine sijice 1S72 — Continued. PENOBSCOT RIVER. [In millions of feet, B. M. From books of surveyor-general.] Tear. Piuo. SP— l^eTc.'^a^' Total. Tear. Pine. Spruce. Hemlock, etc. a Total. 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 40.2 32.0 24.2 22. 3 19.6 14.7 19.5 17.9 17.7 33.7 33.4 26.5 176.9 129.3 1.35. 2 110.7 S2.1 85.5 81.4 92.0 91.6 . 104.7 122.5 115.3 23.4 17.3 17.4 15.7 13.4 17.7 21.3 12.7 14.2 15.9 10.2 19.4 24G.5 179.2 176.8 1 154.7 115.1 117.9 1 122.2 122.6 123.5 154.3 172.1 161.2 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 24.7 30.5 28.6 29.1 30.9 27.9 28.3 23.1 26.9 22. 4 25^4 27.2 84.4 94.4 100.9 102.7 114.3 121.7 129.5 118.2 105.0 81.4 117.0 91.5 10.2 17.9 17.1 17.8 19.5 20.7 21.3 23.7 28.5 21.4 19 25.5 125.3 142.8 146. 6 149.6 104.7 170.3 179.1 105.0 100.4 129. 2 161.4 144.2 a Including probably hard -woods. o LIBRARY OF CONGRF<;c: illill 000 881 467 3 5/3"/^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS D0DDflamt]73 Hollinger Corp.