A. • 'o . l * r^ , \5 *y^^ s * <\ o V o > - gff ■> • A ^ ?• > v ^ o -at ■ °^ y% vsro- /\ 3g * *£» A^ * rf(\ »» /9l» ^ c°* ^ V- s > ..... V" ^....\^V ..... V V ' THE REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW ITS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE EXHIBITS Edited by ARTHUR EDWIN POST Bureau of Municipal Research Executive Secretary, Philadelphia Milk Show Illustrated PUBLISHED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1911 Gift Publisher PREFACE The main purpose of this report is to give as clear an idea as possible of the organization which devised and managed the recent Milk Show, to explain the methods employed, and to describe the exhibits. The development of the Milk Show is a recent idea and the furtherance of it has already added materially to the educational propaganda of those communities fortunate enough to have held such exhibitions. In order, therefore, that a per- manent record might be preserved of this interesting departure from the customary program of social work, and as a help and stimulant to others to direct their efforts along the same lines, the executive committee requested the writer to compile this report. At the outset of this educational movement, practically no one knew what was meant by a Milk Show. The value of an exhibition which would tend to educate the community to the need of a safe milk supply was self-evident, but the exact procedure to be followed in preparing such an exhibition was unknown. Most of the resulting labor was therefore creative. Looking to the economy of effort, it is hoped that this report may save to future promoters of similar undertakings the necessity of having to pass through the same stage of experimentation in the solving of many of the petty, yet im- portant, problems which had to be determined by our organization. Within the limits of this report it is impossible to mention in full all the details incident to the work of organizing and managing such an exhibition, but it has been thought ad- visable to refer to as many of the details as possible. Effort has been made to treat the various parts as briefly as is commensurate with the magnitude of the task. The writer wishes to take this formal and public means of thanking sincerely all those who have so considerably helped in the preparation of this report. Through the cooperation of the Russell Sage Foundation of New York City, Dr. Hastings H. Hart, Director Department of Child Helping, was instrumental in having a catalogue compiled of the exhibits. This work was done by Miss Georgia G. Ralph and, by permission, her careful record is frequently quoted verbatim in the chapter devoted to the description of the exhibits. Special thanks are due to Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, Dr. Joseph Walsh, and Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill for many valuable suggestions and helpful advice. The complete and accurate minutes of the executive committee have been of great assis"tamce; and the carefully compiled inventory records and descriptions of certain of the exhibits, prepared by Dr. C. J. Marshall, Dr. J. Claxton Gittings, Dr. Frank A. Craig, Dr. S. W. Newmayer, Dr. Bertha Lewis, and Mr. David C. Clegg have been freely used. Neither a comprehensive record of the procedure followed by the various com- mittees, nor a complete description of the exhibits could have been attempted in this report but for the kindly assistance of these many collaborators. A. E. P. Philadelphia, Pa., July, 1911 CONTENTS Preface iii List of illustrations 7 PART I.— INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT Initial meeting: function and scope of a milk show 13 PART II.— SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES Executive, including office of executive secretary 17 Arrangements in general 21 Finance 24 Publicity . 28 Procuring exhibits 32 Lectures and demonstrations 35 Conference of health officers 35 Education 36 Dairy institutions and milk contests 37 Social organizations 39 Patronesses and aides 40 PART III.— GENERAL DESCRIPTION Milk Show 45 Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers 46 Dairy Institute 47 Milk and cream contests 48 PART IV— DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS Educational exhibits 53 Commercial exhibits 80 APPENDICES A. Program of Milk Show 84 B. Program of Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers 87 C. Program of Dairy Institute 89 D. Educational leaflets 92 E. Application blank and contract for commercial exhibits 106 F. Entry blank for milk and cream contests 108 G. Reprints of a few press comments 110 Index 117 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE INSERTS OPPOSITE PAGE I. Chestnut Street front of Milk Show building. View taken during visit of school children Frontispiece II. Some of the required stationery and printing 16 III. Colored advertising card displayed in store windows and subway, elevated, and sub- urban railway stations 28 IV. Colored advertising card displayed within city street cars 30 V. A few headlines, showing the way the newspapers helped 32 VI. Little mothers from city schools visiting the Show. They formed in double line after leaving street cars 36 VII. Educational placard distributed to visitors: furnished by Russell Sage Foundation. . 38 VIII. General aspect of first floor of exhibition 44 IX. General view of west corridor on first floor 44 X. General view of east corridor on first floor 44 XI. Engraved invitation to private view, held day before public opening 44 XII. Chart showing distribution of attendance. More demonstrators and attendants re- quired during rush hours 46 XIII. Diploma embossed with city seal awarded in milk and cream contests 48 XIV. Floor plan of exhibition showing sections, entrances, exits, elevators, etc 52 XV. Window charts giving infant mortality statistics with red electric light flashing to show infant death rate 53 XVI. Left half of section 1. Apparatus used in making physical and chemical tests of milk. Charts illustrating different kinds of organisms found in milk 54 XVII. Right half of section 1. Apparatus used in making laboratory tests of milk. Charts illustrating different organisms found in milk, and studies of disease epidemics traced to infected milk 54 XVIII. Section 3. Photographs of dairy farms producing certified milk sold in Philadelphia. Charts showing results of bacteriological examination of certified milk, and fre- quency of tuberculosis caused by milk 56 XIX. Section 4. Photographs of existing conditions of Philadelphia's milk supply 56 XX. Section 5. Certified milk from a local dairy 56 XXI. Section 6. Model of an excellent type of dairy barn. Modern sanitary milk can and metal milking stool 56 XXII. Section 7. Model of a good type of dairy barn 56 XXIII. Section 8. Model of a fair type of dairy barn 56 XXIV. Section 9. Model of a bad type of dairy barn 56 XXV. Section 11. Charts showing proposed record form for use of city milk inspectors; necessity for constant inspection from cow to consumer; and full and short measure bottles. Map shows sources of Philadelphia milk supply 56 XXVI. Section 12. Photographs of refrigeration service furnished for transportation of milk and model of improved type of cattle car 58 7 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE INSEBTS OPPOSITE PAGE XXVII. Section 13. Photographs of conditions found on dairy farms, cars, receiving stations, wagons, and stores. Models show relative amounts of different grades of milk consumed in New York City annually 58 XXVIII. Section 14. Display of economical refrigerators, tireless cookers, and a contrasting collection of good and bad milk utensils. Charts giving instructions to mothers, tables of food values, formulas for modification of milk, etc 60 XXIX. Section 15. Model kitchen, containing inexpensive, sanitary equipment, used in practical demonstrations of the uses of milk 62 XXX. Section 16. Results of bacteriological examination of samples of ice cream, and ma- chine for sanitary manufacture of ice cream 64 XXXI. Section 17. Complete apparatus used in scientific pasteurization of milk 64 XXXII. Section 18. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs and placards show- ing proper care of babies in home and hospital 66 XXXIII. Section 19. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs, paintings, and charts showing proper care of babies, and instructions for mothers 66 XXXIV. Section 20. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs, charts, and models showing proper care of babies, and statistics on infant mortality 66 XXXV. Section 21. Record forms and apparatus used by various cities in taking of milk samples for laboratory analyses. Sanitary milk can 76 XXXVI. Section 22. Prize cups awarded in milk and cream contests. Photographs of model dairy farms 76 XXXVII. Section 23. Photographs showing care of babies in hospital, with equipment, meth- ods, and report forms used. Models of milkers and photographs of plant and methods of model dairy farm 76 XXXVIII. Section 24. Photographs showing equipment and methods of dairy farms producing certified milk. Charts showing purpose, growth, and results of medical milk commissions. Milk utensils used in shipping and modification of milk 78 XXXIX. Section 25. Methods and results of chemical tests to detect disease in cattle. Speci- mens, photographs, and charts showing diseased parts 78 XL. Section 25. Charts showing most approved types of milk pails, and results of bacte- riological studies of use of various kinds of utensils and processes in milk produc- tion 78 XLI. Left half of section 26. Contrasting photographs showing good and bad conditions m of stables, dairy cattle, milk houses, handling of milk, etc 78 XLII. Right half of section 26. Contrasting photographs showing good and bad conditions of city milk plants, milk distribution, care of milk in the home, food value of milk, and results of score card inspection system 78 XLIII. Section 27. Photographs illustrating foreign and domestic farms, and conditions of distribution and sale. Model of sanitary dairy barn 78 ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT: PAGE Small advertising cards distributed to school children 30 Special advertising milk bottle cap 32 Assignment chart used by committee on patronesses and aides 41 Educational leaflets: Good and bad dairy farms 92-93 The transportation and sale of milk 94 Care of the milk in the home 95-96 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 PAGE The food value of milk 97 Diseases caused by impure milk 98 Suggestions for bottle-fed babies 99 Milk "Don'ts" 100-101 Refreshing milk drinks 102-103 A milk primer 104 Application blank and contract for commercial exhibits 106-107 Entry blank for milk and cream contests 108-109 i PART ONE Introductory Statement PART ONE Introductory Statement Initial Meeting: Function and Scope of a Milk Show On April 13, 1911, a meeting was called by Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Director of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities, for the purpose of con- sidering the advisability of holding a Milk Show during the third week in May when two national organizations were scheduled to hold their annual meetings in this city. Because of the fact that for several months the milk problem had been receiving the close attention of municipal health authorities, public press, medical profession, and citizens generally, it was the consensus of opinion at this meeting that a free exhibition which would serve to bring out clearly all of the various phases of the milk question would be of great educational benefit to the community. After con- siderable discussion as to the method of financing such an undertaking, it was finally deemed feasible of accomplishment, and the persons in attendance were constituted an executive committee to perfect a permanent organization and proceed with active preparations for the Show. The general scope of the proposed exhibit was clearly stated in a small folder, entitled "Preliminary Announcement," reading as follows: There exists at the present time, throughout the entire country, a thorough appre- ciation of the close relationship between the milk supply of municipalities and the life and health of its citizens. The Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, and the Department of Public Health and Charities, realizing the importance of this relationship, recently ap- pointed a commission to study and report upon the conditions of production, transporta- tion and distribution of milk as they exist in Philadelphia, and to suggest measures by which the objectionable features of these processes might be eliminated. The report of this com- mission has been submitted and published. During the fourth week of May, the annual sessions of two national organizations, The American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, and the Certified Milk Pro- ducers' Association of America — both interested exclusively in the problem of improving the milk supply of the country — will be held in Philadelphia. It is proposed as a fitting sequel to the work of the Milk Commission of Philadelphia, and on account of the interest which it has stimulated, to supplement the meetings of these national associations by a milk exhibition, to be opened on the 20th of May, and to continue until the 27th. This exhibition will be patterned after the very successful tuberculosis exhibits which have been held in this city, and will have exactly similar purposes, namely, the education of the public. Much good also can be done in an educational line toward bringing the varied interests of the milk trade into harmonious action. The exhibition will especially emphasize the value of milk as a food, the influence of a bad milk supply upon the life and health of the community, and the agencies and methods by which such influences can be overcome. Public educational lectures on subjects relating to milk will be de- livered daily throughout the week. In order that this subject may be fully considered from every viewpoint, and for the benefit of Philadelphia in particular, a Dairy Institute for the education of those who pro- 13 14 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW duce and deliver milk, and a Conference of Health Officers of the various cities of the United States and Canada will be held during the same week. The Dairy Institute will be held in the Veterinary Building of the University of Pennsylvania on May 24th, 25th and 26th. Addresses will be made on the feeding, breed- ing, and selecting of dairy cows; sanitary milk; production and distribution of milk in cities, etc., by men with a special knowledge of these subjects. The sessions will begin each day at 10 a. m, and continue until 1 p. m. The Conference of Health Officers will be held on Thursday, May 25th. The importance of this whole subject relating to a safe milk supply cannot be over- estimated, primarily for the city of Philadelphia, and secondarily for the country at large. Capable demonstrators will be provided to explain the educational exhibits. Lectures and moving pictures will be given at 12.20 o'clock noon; 3 p. m. and 8 p. m. in the lecture room. . . . The Show will be open every day from May 20th to 27th (inclusive) from 10 a. m. until 10 p. m., with the exception of Sunday, when the hours will be from 1 p. M. until 10 p. M. Admission to all the exhibits and all the lectures will be free. In addition to the foregoing extract, the preliminary announcement contained a schedule of the proposed classes of exhibits (see p. 33), a tentative program of lectures and speakers, a list of the officers, and a statement that the Milk Show was under the auspices of — Department of Public Health and Charities, Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia, And many other cooperating agencies. Since the real work in a movement of this kind must be done by subcommittees, the complete story of the organization and management of the Show can best be given by summarizing the work of each committee, which follows in the next part. PART TWO Summarization of Work of Committees — . -.--.. „ flhUabelphitt fHtlk &I?ui» Itl-IMI .l»HI ,1 K«M"/> •/ Pklmblphf a£ ji ifej 1 B {Ihilaiirluhia iH iiit Shuiu ri„i„j,ifi,„. i »ddUn«i»««"" w ' hi ' ra.™ «■« b o „,„,,„, „/ ,fc ^=7^ PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW PETTY CASH RECEIPT ,o« a«»»™» * pr»i AP'IJ », ; *- u *«a». tall ., Ui „_ °«n«lder«tl on - ^ ' at 2-30 p. M . ■'•d rrar^ otft L / or Ponn»y2 v „„ , ■ r -"■^•i»tl,„ ; ^,„ ;lel *"• »t U'» iDMMi^ and h» . ^""It y oul . ""*• "•» too,. a Seerwtaiy ( B "Vor. ****"'' 0."-"''"°"*" . KaUghico, Xot to Pritbtc* 'PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Th * i Department oJ PuMlc Health and Ourttka "^ Commission of the PhlUdelphk Pediatric Sobety nnary Department ol the University oi Pemuylvania yiu ol Municipal Research of Philadelphia PROGRAM PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Ul|l Oipafflnnil uf Viibllr Stdtl, anS (S^rttin, »u™ of ffl,,„„|„| «,„.„,, „ r pwi,^,^ MAY 20-27, 1911 809-811-813 CHESTNUT STR EE p Stationery for e "y cash receipt. 3'A inches by 5H inches S1 '''S, n „ B (!, a * ( ° r '"Warding samples of milk and m ,or contests. 2H inches by 5» s Inches WO r ' reli ""nary announcement folder: littees and news service SOME OF THE RECK "1KI £D STATIONERY AND PRINTING Col °red advertising card. 3 in, bes by 5 inches Voucher: folded si,e 4 ^«J» •*££ bfu ESiSf °' - inches bv 8 J-j inches a 3 t ,IK „,. Anno Uncementsl . psl , nl „ > , i; „ r yfar,ner S . M 3 M inches by 6 inches Program iu • es b V 6 inches by 6 inches mches Cowr folder f- • All milk looks alike to me.'* Yes, milk generally LOOKS clean because it's white. If it were not white you could often SEE dirt in it. "What harm will a little dirt do, anyway ?" Dirt in milk is dangerous. It often ceases sickness and death. " How can we be sure that our milk is clean when we buy h > " One nay is to by it on a baby; if the baby dies, the milk is bad. A better way is to make sure that the Health 'Department does not alloc your milkman to sell bad milk. " Then it's ALL up to the Health Department, is it >** Not en your life; after you get the milk "'* up to you. Many a perfectly good baby is killed by milk because mothers and servants are careless or don 't know enough. We easy to keep m3k CLEAN and COLD and SAFE if you know bow. Come to the Milk Show and learn how. See the difference between good and bad milk. See how the Health Department goorda your health and life every day. The Health Department will do more when everybody says it must. BRING YOUR FRIENDS OR GET THEM TO BRING YOU. Through the cooperation of the Board of Public Education, one hundred and seventy thousand of these cards were distributed to all school children in the seventh SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 31 grade or above; and through the cooperation of the Children's Bureau, the Arm- strong Association, the Home and School League, and other like institutions, seventy-five thousand more of the cards and thousands of the preliminary announce- ment folders were distributed in the poorer sections of the city where they would do the most good. For display advertising in the show windows of stores, upon the bulletin boards of subway, elevated and steam railway stations, and within street cars, two colored cards were prepared like the inserted illustrations. Through the courtesy of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and The Car Advertising Company arrangements were perfected whereby cards were dis- played within street cars and in the advertising places in subway and elevated rail- way stations; and during the period of the Show, white linen signs measuring thirty-one inches by forty inches, printed in red, reading : FREE MILK SHOW 809 CHESTNUT STREET were tied to the fenders on the front of street cars. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road Company likewise cooperated, and had these cards posted on all stations within the city and in the adjacent suburban districts. The placing of the cards in various stores and shop windows was intrusted to a commercial advertising company. A process letter was sent to all the city milk dealers asking them to use special milk bottle caps and so advertise the Show. The letter read as follows : May 3, 1911 Dear Sir: You doubtless know of the Milk Show to be held in this city during the eight days, May 20-27. The purpose of the show is to create a demand among the people of Philadel- phia for the best milk that can be produced. The Show is therefore being planned "to enlighten; not to frighten." In order that all of the producers may know of this Show, it has been suggested that much good would probably result if dealers would be kind enough to include a brief announcement slip in their monthly remittance letters to dairymen. We are therefore enclosing herewith a quantity of these announcement slips. Will you not favor us by helping to advertise the Show in this way? As a further means of advertising the Show, a milk cap of attractive design is to be provided for use by progressive dealers during the first days of the Milk Show and a few days preceding — eight days in all. The design is a shield on which appear a cow and a milk bottle. The only words on the cap are "Clean milk from cow to kitchen. Phila- delphia Milk Show. Dobson Building, 809 Chestnut Street, May 20-27. Admission free." Will you use these caps on your bottles for eight days? They will be furnished at 15 cts. per thousand. Orders must be placed at once so that the caps may be ready for delivery at the time required. Please inform us as to the number you will require, with shipping directions. Very truly yours, Joseph S. Neff, Chairman. 32 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Arrangements were made with a dairy supply company to furnish these caps at regular market rates. The caps were printed in red as follows : Fifty thousand celluloid buttons, stamped with this same design, were dis- tributed to children visiting the Show. The attendance figures attest to the fact that the advertising was well done con- sidering the amount of money applicable to this purpose. Committee on Procuring" Exhibits Dr. Laweence F. Flick, Chairman Dr. Frank A. Craig, Secretary Dr. Marie L. Bauer Dr. J. P. Bethal Dr. C. C. Bingley Dr. Jesse D. Burks Dr. A. A. Cairns Dr. H. C. Campbell Dr. Paul Cassidy Mr. D. C. Clegg Mr. Sydney L. Coburn Dr. M. Luise Diev Dr. H. B. Felton Dr. Charles A. Fife Mr. P. P. Gheen Dr. W. S. Gimper Dr. J. C. Gittings Dr. Mary W. Griscom Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill Dr. Edward B. Hodge, Jr. Dr. Francis Jacobs Dr. John A. Kolmer Dr. Bertha Lewis Dr. Paul A. Lewis Dr. R. S. McCombs Dr. J. W. McConnell Dr. J. H. McKee Dr. C. J. Marshall Dr. H. D. Martien Dr. K. F. Meyer Dr. Charles Montgomery Dr. Arthur Newlin Dr. S. W. Newmayer Dr. W. T. Rees Dr. John Reichel Dr. W. D. Robinson Dr. R. C. Rosenberger Dr. Frances R. Sprague Dr. James Talley Mr. Roy S. Wallace Dr. Joseph Walsh Dr. Esther M. Weyle Dr. C. Y. White Mr. Frank A. Wills Mr. Edward Woolman, Jr. This committee was held responsible for procuring all the exhibits (whether educational or commercial) including the delivery of shipments to the exhibition rooms and, finally, the return of the same after the closing of the Show. [dangers lurk in milk supplyi DEVMCtS SHOWN! |PLA» MILK EXHIBIT TO SHOW THE PUBLIC MEED DFPURE SUPPLYl [AID FOR MILK SHOW PLEASES REYBURN; PRAISES OBJEGTI "SIlodslM Oil Hoiis and Will- 1 111 tlUlS," ASI'llS Encutiri I gTic3EBcninj?imci.| [EXPERTS TO TAKE UP MILK PROBLESlI |MILK EXHIBIT'S AIM IS TO TEACH PUBLIC HOW TO HTJMM SUPPLY | Ai) M» Help to ' Betwcta Men Trade VHERE THi |rn E NORTH A MEBICAK [PURE MILK SHOW REAOYFORITS PUBLIC OPENING I | Sanitary Eipioiis By National and| Siati Connisilon «n Placid on Vim Jtihc'Bjcntnii (Times I Ibigmeettbgto plan bilk. show i [SAVING OF BABIES AIM OF MILK SHOW BEGINNING TODAYS |f«rilcia« Will Till Moltus Hot lo Assort Uttll Ones III- adulliraled Food | ghcTTnciiinrt Simes | CONSIDER MILK PROBLEM. |T0 EXHIBIT NEW AND OLD MILK METHOOSl I nir NottTji \m i:hic-\n 1 TO SELL MILK | Milk Show Opens With Large | Attendance of Users Dealers STAR | | LECTURES ARE 10 BE GIVEN EACH DAYl I MILK SHOW OPENS DAIRY INSTITUTE! ItXPLRTS to assistB AT BIG MILK SHOW B [sEfrcigggV Hn-fa.H MILK SHOW LECTURES 1 IH MANY LAHGUAftS ■ mr.NtiirrnXMKiucAK [WILL ASK fOREIGHERS TO PHM MILK SHOW I ■ B* FVmtcH In Poltili | SUNDAY THRONGS AT THE MILK SHOW! ■ lessons for children! [MILK SHOW FACTS TOLD IN YIDDISH TO SUNDAY CROWDSl flu- Tjwmm i, iTimcg ['LITTLE MOTHERS' WILLI ATTEND MILK SHOW Press.1 THE METROPOLIS MWw' [CIk Jntrllifjrntfr. [children learn lessons in milk! | NEW ATTRACTIONS AT THE MILK SHOW | [INTEREST GROWS IN MILK CRUSADEl by EiptsU m Vjjfiiu. |CIVIC CLUB PROGRAM | lira o r »r |Th« Cleveland Prtu| 77v Gimf Speakers at Milk Show Point Out That It Is II oman 's Duty to Keep Supply Clean After It Leaves Dealer! Eerie dispatch : Women*) D.iy ,it Philadelphia! Show Marked By Throngs! From Out of Town Clubs — STAT JAUIHORMY rXPLAINS I IICC At H>1«1( HOI 7«I I die Sff' 1 - Pn?33.| CALLS UNCLEAN MILK | A SLAYER OF INFANTS! Illicit* St-fJiMh of CliiM Un-J /i1U:NOHTIIA3JKB1CAmI CITV'OUGHT~tO T€ST PASTEURIZE ITS OF MILKSHQW HERE| IfVt'Ur* K>hi ■RECORD KTIFNDHNCl ON MILK SHOW'S UST 0«r| |i5he"£DcninaiIime«| |DAY FOR MOTHERS AT MILK EXHIBIT ! ixtic; Press. I'OON'TS' FOR THE PUBLIC IN THE CARE OF MILK I . . [MILK SHOW CLOSES WITH BIG CROWDS [Soston Cranstrqit Bj Hie Press. ". Should! BeMade Responsible. I Uhjed THE FLY DANtiERl rn e y orth A,^rKRicAj» I EXPERTS DISCDSS MILK REGULATION! | HEALTH OFFICERS ■SCHOOL CHILDREN HOLD CONFERENCE^ VISIT MILK SHOW| ( DtiiyCt | iXheiil^Pn;s3.B| ghcgFgV. prcs3.| |l»irl> M>l>. in. I ill.' Iiilimll I'. ..I, jrvrj- ILIVE CATTLE USED IN DEMONSTRATING DAIRY SANITATION I (Thf "JTncmnu me. IDr£iSrZ3."ST*ir Plate VII Size of Drawing, 9 J^ Inches by 15 Inches EDUCATIONAL PLACARD DISTRIBUTED TO VISITORS. FURNISHED BY RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES Committee on Social Organizations Mr. J. Prentice Murphy, Chairman Mr. Charles T. Walker, Secretary Mr. Joseph Bartilucci Mrs. Edwin C. Grice Mr. Henry H. Bonnell Mr. James Hickey Mrs. R. R. P. Bradford Mr. B. F. Lee, Jr. Mr. Joseph Di Silvestro Miss Margaret Lehman Rev. J. P. Duefy Rabbi B. L. Leventhal Rev. H. L. Duhring Mrs. Louis C. Madeira Mr. John T. Emlen Miss Katherine Melley Mr. Thomas S. Evans Miss Laura N. Platt Mrs. W. W. Frazier Miss Florence L. Sanville Rev. Carl E. Grammer Mr. Edwin D. Solenberger It was necessary that this committee should work harmoniously with the com- mittee on publicity and on education and should be kept informed of the plans of these two committees, for the reason that much of the work covered closely related phases of the same field. This committee therefore held several joint meetings with these committees, otherwise there would probably have resulted much dupli- cation of effort. This committee at the start instituted a very active campaign with the various social organizations in the city, in order that through them the great mass of working people might be notified of the exhibit and urged to attend. To enlist the support and to secure the endorsement of the Milk Show movement by the various hospitals, day nurseries, social clubs, and other charitable organiza- tions, a process letter including a preliminary announcement folder and two of the small advertising cards was sent out to the officers and directors of such institutions. The letter read as follows : May 15, 1911 Dear Sir: The enclosed preliminary announcement will explain the purpose of an exhibition which is to be given as a means of educating the public to the necessity for producing and handling milk in a sanitary manner and the value of good milk as a food in the home. By direction of the executive committee I am writing you for the purpose of securing the endorsement of your society in our general plan and possibly the aid which you can render in the promotion of this cooperation. To this end we are asking permission to use your name as one of the cooperating agencies which are actively interested in the pro- motion of such an educational exhibit. Will you kindly give this request your immediate attention and the possibilities of the Show wide publicity and let me have your answer at the earliest moment? Believe me, Very truly yours, (Signed) J. Prentice Murphy. After careful discussion as to the various ways and means whereby the social organizations in the city could be used most effectively as distributing centers for information concerning the Milk Show in order to drive home the principles back of the Show, it was decided that the problem of reaching the large foreign popula- tion could best be handled by appointing subcommittees to take charge of this work. For example, one of these subcommittees was able definitely to reach all the Italians and Jews, thereby explaining the purpose of the Show and disarming the recently arrived emigrant of any misgivings concerning the Show. Certain members of this committee were in close touch with all of the Jewish and Italian newspapers and supplied material for their columns, and copy was also supplied to certain other papers which are printed in various parts of the city and which are strictly local in their character. Another subcommittee was in touch with the associations of neighborhood workers (which included all the settlements of Philadelphia) and the 40 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Philadelphia Association of Day Nurseries. Through these two agencies alone, many thousands of mothers were reached. Another member of the committee was associated with certain trade organizations and also reached several of the social clubs for girls. Committee on Patronesses and Aides Mrs. Talcott Williams, Chairman Miss Gertrude E. Leidy, Secretary Mrs. Cyrus Alder Mrs. William F. Jenks Mrs. Jasper Y. Brinton Mrs. William M. Kerr Mrs. Edward P. Davis Mrs. R. Tait McKenzie Miss Henrietta B. Ely Mrs. James P. McNichol Mrs. Chancellor C. English Mrs. George Wharton Pepper Mrs. Edward Beecher Finck Miss Frances A. Wister Mrs. Edwin C. Grice Mrs. Owen Wister The chief duties of this committee were to enlist the support and cooperation of the various hospitals and to attend to the distribution of the educational leaflets at the exhibition rooms. To this end, the committee sent out a process letter and a reply post card to hospital aid societies asking for their cooperative support and also to a selected list of ladies inviting them to act as patronesses. This letter read as follows: Dear Madam: Realizing the value of pure milk to all hospitals and institutions, the officers and directors of the Philadelphia Milk Show, to be held May 20th to 27th, at 809-813 Chest- nut Street, request the honor of using the names of the members of your committee as patronesses of the Philadelphia Milk Show. Your prompt acceptance will be greatly appreciated, as it is the desire of those in charge to publish the names of your committee as indorsing the necessity of pure milk for Philadelphia. If your board does not meet before May 12th, could you not ask on the telephone the consent of sufficient members to authorize you to permit the use of their names, so that your board can be represented among the patronesses? Sincerely yours, Mrs. Talcott Williams, 916 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Chairman, Committee on Patronesses and Aides. We trust that all patronesses will appreciate the importance of this exhibit to farmers, gardeners, dairymen, cooks, child-nurses, and those entrusted with the care of milk and other foods, restaurant and boarding-house keepers, and employees of soda fountains, etc. It is hoped that a concerted effort will be made to secure their attendance. During the week of the Show, this committee performed most valuable service in distributing the educational literature at the exhibition rooms. Each day was assigned to the particular charge of one of the patronesses who acted as chairman for the day, and she in turn selected such aides to help as were needed. The duties of the aides consisted in arranging in order sets of ten different leaflets, with a program of the lectures, which were placed within cover folders and handed to all visitors as they came in the entrance. The aides wore badges and a certain num- ber were on hand at all times throughout the week to help with this work. The record, illustrated on the following page, showing the assignments of the different days was prepared on a large chart and was hung up in the literature booth on the first floor which was used exclusively by this committee during the Show. SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 41 fe si S g S s % % % S g % 3 § ^ < s fin Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Q 3 o T— 1 G* i—l ©* GO "* «5 CO £> CO OS O u i— i I— 1 rH i— l (H < *> S^ K JH t= -< ^ Cfi |H «0 5 (M a H «/3 «^ gg Patro ignment £ 05 tH t/3 •H \ o< •4—* Q ^ 4—* !z >* • P~H o ^ s la s o u S* CO OS O u i—i 1— < T— 1 T— 1 PART THREE General Description Plate XI Full Size ENGRAVED INVITATION TO PRIVATE VIEW, HELD DAY BEFORE PUBLIC OPENING let/em/ PART THREE General Description Milk Show The buildings occupied by the Milk Show were attractively decorated with the national colors and a large sign stretching across the front above the entrance, reading, THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW To Enlighten— Not To Frighten At night, a large electric sign, reading, MILK SHOW was used, showing in both directions on the street. In front of the adjoining lecture hall were signs giving the hours of the lectures and of the moving pictures. Friday afternoon, May 19th, a private view of the exhibits was held. Approxi- mately nineteen hundred engraved invitations were mailed to all members of City Councils, judges of the courts, principal officials of the different municipal depart- ments, the Philadelphia representatives in the State and National Government, members of Milk Show committees, guarantors, contributors known at the time of mailing, newspaper men, and principals and teachers of the higher grade schools. On Saturday morning, May 20th, at 10 o'clock, the doors were thrown open to the general public. The exhibit was kept open daily from 10 a. m. until 10 p. m., with the exception of Sunday, when the doors were not opened until 1 p. m. On the following Saturday evening the exhibition closed, after having been visited by over one hundred and ten thousand six hundred persons, the daily attendance being as follows : 45 46 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Saturday, May 20 9,619 Sunday, May 21 2,200 Monday, May 22 14,871 Tuesday, May 23 ... 15,095 Wednesday, May 24 17,603 Thursday, May 25 17,172 » Friday, May 26 16,272 Saturday, May 27 17,849 Total 110,681 The exhibition was supplemented by free lectures at noon, in the afternoons, and evenings, dealing with various phases of the milk question, and moving picture films on "The Man Who Learned" and "The Fly," which were given at the be- ginning and the close of each lecture. For subjects and speakers, see complete program in appendix A on p. 84. Before the lecture and moving picture performance in the adjoining lecture hall, a crier with a megaphone went through the exhibition rooms announcing the subject and the speaker and urging visitors to attend. The lectures and moving pictures were also announced on a bulletin board and several large signs which were placed at conspicuous points. No figures are available showing the actual attendance at the lectures, but they were well attended notwithstanding the fact that very hot weather prevailed. In fact, the attendance at both the Show and lectures far surpassed the most sanguine expectations. Numerous requests were received asking the executive committee to keep the Show open for a longer period, but this was not thought advisable, since all agreements and contracts, with guarantors, speakers, exhibitors, tradesmen, etc., had been made for the stated period ending May 27th. Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers The sessions of the Conference of Health Officers were not less interesting and instructive. The Philadelphia Record in reporting the Conference says: Health officials from every section of the country met yesterday at the Bellevue- Stratford and spent the entire day exchanging views as to what can be done to regulate and protect the milk supplies of large cities and discussing the recommendations of the Philadelphia Milk Commission with regard to regulations for this city. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities, which desired expressions of opinion from experts from other sec- tions of the country before attempting to embody the report in practical legislation. Copies of the report were sent a month ago to those invited to participate, with the request that they give it their careful consideration, and be prepared to comment upon it at the meeting. An almost unqualified indorsement of the report by the visiting experts was the result, with here and there a doubt as to whether certain proposed regulations could be enforced. Following the morning session, the delegates were taken in automobiles to the new Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases as the guests of the Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. After an inspection of the o. K < Q K dJ h H. O § » — r h D ID i — i U h m i — i A dJ p £ a] X U Pi. j o in (X ^ (12 10 dJ Si o . 02 o Q A « IXJ H CO Pi o | s 5 s dj « 0/ IL, O cn y Di h ft 1 D j x < o < , distribution op Attendance. M05T HEAVILY SHADED PORTIO/15 5HOW HOUR3 WHE/i ATTE/lDA/lCt WA5 GREATEST EACH SHADED BLOCK KEPEeSt«T3 O/AE. THOU3AHD VOITOE3 CexoolT BOTTOM BLOCK OP EACH DAILY COLUMN WHERE ACTUAL. ^UMBtE IS CIVM) HOUE DAY OF WfcEiK (MAY 20-27) MORE DEMO/ISTEATOES, ATTEHDA/1T5, POLICErME: f\, PIEEMEA, HEL.PE.E.S, £TC. Wfcl^E: R&QUTEED TO BEL OM. DUTY DUEIflG EUSH HOURS GENERAL DESCRIPTION 47 property and explanation of the methods employed, the visitors were entertained at luncheon. The complete program of the Conference is printed as appendix B on p. 87. Dairy Institute To complete the addresses on the various milk problems incident to a city's milk supply, the Dairy Institute held crowded sessions of great interest and value to the milk producers at the Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania. A noteworthy course of lectures was delivered during the three days' sessions by men actively engaged in the subjects discussed. (See list of lectures and speakers in appendix C on p. 89.) The sessions were held between 10 a. m. and 1 p. m., so that the farmers could visit the Milk Show in the afternoon. Besides the courses of lectures, much attention was attracted by a unique exhibit in the courtyard showing in a forceful way good and bad dairy stable condi- tions and a type of inexpensive milk house for use on small dairy farms. The cattle in these stables were brought from farms where conditions prevailed exactly as shown in these reproductions. To represent the two types of stables an old frame shed was used. This was divided by a partition into two rooms, one of which was freshly whitewashed; no cobwebs or dust appeared on the walls or ceilings; the windows were screened with cheese-cloth for ventilation, and to exclude flies and dust; and a cement floor and gutter were provided. This room was arranged to allow one thousand cubic feet of air space and eight square feet of window space per cow. It was fitted with comfortable stalls in which clean, healthy cows appeared to be enjoying their inexpensive but sanitary quarters. In the adjoining room the conditions were such as are found on many of the bad dairy farms which are daily supplying dirty and unwholesome milk to numerous consumers. The walls and ceiling were covered with dust and cobwebs. Over- head a loose floor allowed the dust and chaff to sift down from the hay-mow into the pail while milking. The dirt floor was rough and uneven, covered with soiled litter, and was without gutter for drainage. The two small windows were totally inadequate to supply sufficient light and ventilation. The cows were crowded together, there being insufficient floor space and air content for the number housed in this small room. The cows appeared uncomfortable and unhealthy, their flanks and udders being soiled with dried manure, much of which would be dislodged and fall into the pail during milking. The manure from this stable was thrown just outside the door, forming an ill smelling pile adjacent to the watering trough, in which the milk cans were placed to cool, this being a common practice on farms of this type. At proper distance from the good stable was placed the milk house, which was constructed of rough lumber, with the doors and windows screened, with cement floor providing good drainage, and equipped with the utensils necessary to care for the milk properly. The interior and exterior of the building were whitewashed and presented a neat, clean and tidy appearance. 48 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW The whole exhibit was inexpensive and was designed to show that clean, whole- some milk can be produced under average conditions without the expenditure of large sums of money. Milk and Cream Contests In connection with the Milk Show there was held a milk and cream contest under the immediate direction of the Dairy Division of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Dr. George M. Whitaker, the chief of this division, was judge of awards. The market milk and cream classes were open to producers sending milk and cream to the Philadelphia market, while the certified milk and cream classes were open to those dairies producing milk and cream under the certification of the com- missions which are members of the American Association of Medical Milk Com- missions. Entries for the market milk and market cream contests were received from all parts of the adjacent country and entries of certified milks were forwarded from points as distant as Waukesba, Wisconsin; Genesee Depot, Wisconsin; Toronto, Ontario (2); Glendale, Ohio; and Dixon, California. One of the Wisconsin dairies scored 90, and the other 91.75 out of a possible 100. The Dixon, California, dairy scored 85. Through the kindness of the Reading Terminal Market and Cold Storage Warehouse Company, the various samples of milk and cream shipped here for entry in these contests were placed in cold storage free of cost. Keen interest was taken by producers generally in the award of the prizes for the best samples of milk and cream submitted in the contests. On the after- noon of the closing day of the Show, the prizes were awarded by Doctor Whitaker, who made bacteriological counts of all samples and judged them as to food value, cleanliness and acidity. First and second prizes, consisting of silver cups donated by the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, were awarded in each class and all other dairymen whose products scored above 90.00 were awarded diplomas. The list of awards and point rating follows : CERTIFIED MILK Swain Brothers, Kearny, N. J., 96.00 First Prize, Silver Cup *W. P. Schanck, Avon, N. Y., 95.25 Second Prize, Silver Cup *Willowbrook Farm, Willow Grove, Pa., 95.25 Diploma Middlebrook Farm, Dover, N. H 94.75 Diploma Belvidere Dairy, Landenberg, Pa., 91.90 Diploma O. L. Williams, " Wern Farm," Waukesba, Wis., 91.75 Diploma Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, N. J., 91.00 Diploma Brook Hill Farm, Genesee Depot, Wis., 90.00 Diploma * Doctor Whitaker reports as follows: In regard to the two contestants in the certified milk class that had the same rating, Willowbrook Farm and W. P. Schanck, of Avon, N. Y., each had a score of 95.25, but the number of bacteria found in Mr. Schanck's milk was only 400, while in the Willowbrook Farm's it was 3400; hence, although the final score happened to come out the same, I feel that the Schanck specimen was really a little superior to the other and reported it as taking the second honor, though on the total score it was tied with the Willowbrook Farm. ffjUaMpfjia Milk B^arn PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA MAY 200, TO 270,. 1911 MILK AND CREAM CONTEST 2tytH fa t0 flfcrttfg that was awarded this itplnma fa tht * _.„ . „.__. — _ Class, having entered a sample of which scored- points. JUDGE OF AWARDS CHAIRMAN. COMMITTEE ON "DAIRY INSTtTUTES AND MILK CONTESTS CXECUT1VE COMMITTEE Plate XIII Size Within Border, 814 Inches by \0]4 Inches DIPLOMA EMBOSSED WITH CITY SEAL AWARDED IN MILK AND CREAM CONTESTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION 49 CERTIFIED CREAM Wawa Dairy Farms, Wawa, Pa 90.50 Brook Hill Farm, Genesee Depot, Wis., 88.00 MARKET MILK Thomas Brothers^ Edgemont, Pa., 96.50 Isaac Rohrer, Gordonville, Pa., 96.00 W. H. Rohrer, Strasburg, Pa 94.75 John R. Kendig, Pomeroy, Pa., 94.65 William H. Jones, Upper Darby, Pa., 92.50 David Wilson, New Centreville, Pa., 91.50 George R. North, Lyndell, Pa., 91.50 MARKET CREAM David Wilson, New Centreville, Pa., 90.75 J. C. Nolan, Mt. Airy, Pa 78.50 First Prize, Silver Cup Second Prize, Silver Cup First Prize, Silver Cup Second Prize, Silver Cup Diploma Diploma Diploma Diploma Diploma First Prize, Silver Cup Second Prize, Silver Cup The average score of all the dairies entering samples in the four classes was 85.26, which, considering the time of year and the very hot weather, was judged by Doctor Whitaker as remarkably good. Of particular interest, in connection with the result, was the fact that the highest score was made by a sample of market milk, and that another sample of market milk was equal to the highest score reached by the certified milks. PART FOUR Detailed Description of Exhibits o a m <_ §g % PL^J-O 3MOW LAYOUT 5f PAR.TITICM3 rOS. PHILADELPHIA MILK EXH1D1T POMON bUILDIMO flog CHIr=>TnUT 3T. PHILA.PA ^MEFte z^ E [o e^T*A/*Cl TO COM" © riH.3T fLOOR. PuAM Architects, Brockie & IIastin<-.0 APPROXIMATE^^ Belgium - Japan Servia \ France Bulgaria Canada Great Britain & Ireland Switzerland Holland Finland Western Australia Denmark New South Wales Victoria Sweden Queensland Tasmania South Australia Norway New Zealand 326 263 222 218 212 197 181 179 170.0 165 161 154 fS3 IS3 148 144 140 139 138 138 133 127 124 99 98 96 94 93 93 86 76 ! 30.303 \I.298.24S 200,553 I 49.589 1 f 54. 100 I 374.153 i 6,414 I 23,255 U06.649 280,000 i 83.970 28,499 220,013 ! 16.268 1 15.378 ! 23,757 I 8.200 1/4Z660 11,441 19. 209 10. 877 756 8.089 3.745 ! 2,299 \ 11.91? ! 1.120 433 608 \ 4.231 > 2.233 GRAND TOTAL 32431958 This Means A Baby Dies In The Civilized World Every 10 Seconds. WATCH THE LIGHT FLASH! Which thclMlit flash! AT EVERY FLASH ABABYDJfS One every 10 Seconds; 360 every Ho? a: 8640 every Day. .3053600 every Yea i\ One Half of this Loss Plate XV Street Show Window on Right of Entrance RED ELECTRIC LIGHT FLASHING TO SHOW INFANT DEATH RATE AND CHART GIVING INFANT MORTALITY STATISTICS PART FOUR Detailed Description of Exhibits Educational Exhibits A fair idea of the various exhibits may be secured by reference to the floor plans (see plate on opposite page) together with the various illustrations of each booth or section and the detailed explanation which follows. In the floor plans each booth or section is numbered, and in this explanation the various sections are described in the order in which a visitor would see them; that is, going down one aisle and up the next. FIRST FLOOR EXHIBITS Street Show Window on Right of Entrance — Plate XV Exhibit of the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality, Baltimore, Maryland In this window were displayed two charts, one of which contained a red electric light which flashed every time a baby died in the civilized world, or every ten seconds. This chart attracted a great deal of attention and was one of the best advertise- ments of the Show. The second chart was one giving infant mortality statistics. Street Show Window on Left of Entrance Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- ment of Public Health and Charities This window contained several pieces of apparatus used in the bacteriological and chemical laboratories in testing milk and a poster calling attention to flies as carriers of disease: FLY TIME If it takes one fly three hours to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar A, and twelve flies fifteen min- utes to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar B, how long will it take you to kill all the flies in your home? Daily at 3 o'clock the results of the contamination will be shown (mov- ing pictures) 53 54 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Upon entering the first floor, one passed two attendants at the entrance, usually a fireman and policeman being on duty. Either the fireman or an attendant counted all persons who entered, a counting device held in the hand recording the total each time it was pressed. No children were admitted unless accompanied by adults. Except at those hours of the day when the attendance was slight, the visitors were kept moving in one direction only, entering by one door and leaving by another. At the right of the entrance was located the literature booth, equipped with a counter, which was used by the committee on patronesses and aides in distributing the programs and educational leaflets: PROGRAMS 1. Daily lectures in lecture hall 2. Sessions of Dairy Institute 3. Sessions of Conference of Health Officers LEAFLETS 1. Good and bad dairy farms 2. The transportation and sale of milk 3. The care of milk in the home 4. The food value of milk 5. Diseases caused by impure milk 6. Suggestions for bottle-fed babies 7. MikV'Don'ts" 8. Refreshing milk drinks 9. A milk primer 10. List of United States government publications about milk (See reprints of programs and leaflets in appendices in back of this report) Section I — Plates XVI and XVII (Refer to floor plan, opposite p. 52) Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- ment of Public Health and Charities This exhibit consisted of two main divisions: 1. A counter exhibit showing the physical, chemical, and bacteriological tests used by the Bureau of Health in its inspection of the milk supply. 2. A wall exhibit consisting of: 1. Colored diagrams showing microscopically the various bacteria found in milk: tubercle, typhoid and diphtheria bacilli, streptococci, pus cells, and dirty milk. 2. Charts showing the rise in the death-rate from intestinal diseases in summer and the proportion of deaths of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. 3. Charts showing typhoid epidemics in two city blocks due to infected milk shops. 4. Posters showing the relation between infected milk and epidemics of typhoid, scarlet fever, and diphtheria. The usefulness and effectiveness of this exhibit were in great measure due to the efficiency of the attendants, who were able to present very simply the technical processes of milk examination and to make clear the lessons of the charts and posters. The laboratory apparatus used in the testing of milk was arranged on the counter, and in explaining the exhibit attention was directed: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 55 First — to the physical tests made by the milk inspectors at the railroad re- ceiving platforms to determine the specific gravity and the presence of formaldehyde. Second — to the tests made at the laboratories in the City Hall, of the samples of milk sent in by the inspectors : 1. Microscopic test for dirt 2. Tests for pus cells and streptococci 3. Bacteriological count Third — to microscopic slides showing: 1. Effect of insects walking on culture media, — the house fly, roach and ant 2. Bacteria on cow hair and the effect when dropped into milk 3. Effect of hands in milking, — clean, dirty 4. Effect of clean and dirty utensils and barns Fourth — to the charts and posters. Two very effective charts showed outlines of city wards in which epidemics of typhoid fever had occurred. The typhoid fever cases were indicated by dots in black. The milk shop to which the milk supply of these cases was traced was repre- sented by a red dot. The lettering on the charts was as follows : 1. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-first Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- tion was found to be from two unreported cases at the milk shop shown, which was closed, premises cleaned, and disinfected. The cases from this ward then became normal. 2. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-sixth Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- tion was found to be from two unreported cases in the milkman's family and further traced to five unreported cases in the family of a shipper. Stopping this reduced the cases for this ward to normal. The posters showed in pictorial form a typhoid epidemic traced to the use of contaminated spring -water in washing milk cans; a scarlet fever epidemic traced to the milk supply from a farmer whose child had the disease; and a diphtheria epi- demic traced to the boy who washed the milk cans. There was also shown a collection of test tubes containing various culture media used for the culture of bacteria. Section 2 — Plate VIII Refreshment Counter Certified milk was sold here in original packages in one-half pint bottles for five cents; no milk, however, being sold on Sunday. This section was equipped with a semicircular counter, and a large ten-foot refrigerator loaned by the McCray Refrigerator Company for keeping the supply. Sanitary paper drinking cups were used exclusively. Much of the milk sold here was donated to the Milk Show by Mr. P. P. Gheen, Overlook Farms, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania; Mr. E. T. Gill, Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, New Jersey; Mr. Clarence Kates, Glenloch, Pennsylvania; Mr. George Wood, Wawa Dairy Farms, Wawa, Pennsylvania; and Mr. H. H. Jeffries, Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Abbott's Alderney Dairies contributed the services of the waitresses who dispensed this nourishing refreshment. So popular was the sale of this milk that at times the demand exceeded the supply. 56 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Section 3— Plate XVIII Exhibit of the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society 1. Photographs of the interior and exterior of model dairy farms producing certified milk. 2. Chart showing the bacterial content per cubic centimeter of milk and cream examined for the Philadelphia Pediatric Society's Milk Commission for the year 1910. 3. Chart showing a glass of milk and its food value compared to ordinary por- tions of other food. 4. Charts comparing the number of cases of tuberculosis caused by the human type of tubercle bacillus with those caused by drinking milk from tubercular cows. Section 4 — Plate XIX Exhibit Showing Collection, Transportation, and Sale Conditions of Milk In and Around Philadelphia This exhibit consisted of photographs showing the following existing conditions : Good, clean looking herd of cattle (two photographs) Clean stable with yard in fair condition Milking time Good stable interior (two photographs) Fair stable interior (three photographs) Bad stable interior (six photographs) Dirty cow shed exterior (two photographs) Healthy cows in filthy surroundings Tumbledown barn (two photographs) Open sewage from barn Open sewage from dirty cow sheds Dirty storage room for bottling milk Cooling milk Milk cans on shipping platform Milk train Old refrigerator car New refrigerator car Trolley milk car exterior Trolley milk car interior Milk receiving station Milk wagons at receiving station Testing milk Milk wagons (two photographs) Cooling and pasteurizing plant (three photographs) Model cooling and pasteurizing plant (two photographs) Delivery in bottles Dirty bottles Dirty milk store (three photographs) Fair milk store Clean milk store Ice cream vendor Filthy ice cream plant (two photographs) Section 5 — Plate XX Exhibit of Certified Milk This section was devoted to an exhibit of certified milk in sealed bottles from the Willow Grove Dairy. The bottles were arranged in pyramids, being placed in long tin boxes and surrounded with ice. Potted plants added to the general attract- iveness of this booth. > < X Pi n z < H DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 57 Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9— Plates XXI, XXII, XXIII and XXIV Exhibit of the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board Each of these sections contained a model of various types of dairy barns, fol- lowing the classification adopted by the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board, namely— (1) excellent, (2) good, (3) fair, and (4) bad. Mr. Charles H. Hillman of this city contributed his services in designing these models which accur- ately reproduced existing conditions. All the models showed the barns as in actual use with the cattle in their places, barn yards filled with straw, manure scattered about, etc., in accordance with the type represented. 1. The excellent type of barn was completely equipped with a ventilation sys- tem; clean cement floor and tight walls and ceilings; improved metal stanchions; an abundance of windows; no other live stock beside cows; individual feeding troughs and watering basins; good clean bedding; no manure piles accessible to cattle; and cows well groomed and in good condition. 2. The good stable represented an old-fashioned combination barn. Windows and ventilation were provided; floors, walls and ceiling were well constructed, clean and dust-proof; stanchions were provided; tight partitions separated cows and other live stock; cattle were groomed and bedded; and the barn yard was clean and dry. 3. The fair stable was similar to the good stable, but was provided with old- fashioned mangers instead of stanchions; no tight partitions separated cows from other live stock; floors, manure gutters and walls were of good construction, but no adequate arrangements, however, were made for light and ventilation; barn yard was clean; and cattle were in fair condition. 4. The last, or bad, type of stable represented that all too common type of barn where no intelligent provisions were made for windows, floors or ventilation; cows, horses, pigs and other live stock and poultry, all occupied the same barn and yard; no attention was given to cleanliness; the barn yard was filthy; and the cows were covered with caked dirt and manure. The lesson to be learned from these models was strikingly shown. No one could fail to see that even the bad type of stable, if slightly altered and improved, mainly through methods rather than equipment, could be classed as fair, and with the addition of better equipment and facilities would be included in the good class. Section 10 Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis This section was reserved primarily for the purpose of selling the special milk number of "The Fresh Air Magazine" for May, 1911. The booth was adorned with photographs showing the need of fresh air and good milk, and an attendant was stationed here for the purpose of selling the magazine for five cents a copy. Section 11 — Plate XXV Exhibit of the Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia In this exhibit were : 1. A large chart showing the various steps in the production, transportation, and sale of milk as represented by the links of a chain which was festooned in four large loops representing (1) the producer, (2) the carrier, (3) the dealer, and (4) the consumer. Each link in the chain denoted a step in the process of getting the milk 58 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW supply, the individual links (or possible sources of contamination) being marked as follows : 1. Producer: Cow, veterinarian, stable, yard, milker, pail, milk house, can, farm wagon, dairy inspector 2. Carrier: Shipping platform, milk car, railroad employe, receiving platform, milk inspector 3. Dealer: Pasteurizing plant, bottling plant, bottle, delivery wagon, driver 4. Consumer: Kitchen, kitchen utensils, refrigerator, nursery, nursing bottle. How Strong Is This Chain? Where Are The Weakest Links? 2. Chart reading : YES, QUALITY IS IMPORTANT, BUT DO YOU GET FULL MEASURE? Picture of a full measure milk bottle Picture of a short measure milk bottle THE MILK IN THE BOTTLE SHOULD REACH TO THE CAP RING OR STOPPLE 3. Chart summarizing present city milk inspection service : MILK INSPECTION Quarts inspected 2,700,000 1.85 per cent City Supply!! New system — More men needed First Step New field inspection report showing odor, appearance, etc. Enlarged blue print Present form Proposed form DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 59 4. Chart showing infant mortality : (Diagram here) THE SUMMER WAVE OF BABIES' DEATHS IS PREVENTABLE DOTTED LINE DEATHS FROM DIARRHEA CHIEF CAUSE— DIRTY MILK CLEAN ALIVE KEEP MILK KEEP BABIES COLD WELL 5. Map showing sources of Philadelphia milk supply giving car load shipments on all railroads. Section 12— Plate XXVI Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company This attractive exhibit, which was in charge of an attendant who explained points and answered questions, consisted of : 1. Wooden model of a cattle car 2. Photographs showing: a. Icing of express cars used in the milk service b. Scrubbing cars after unloading at milk receiving stations previous to reloading with empty cans for return trip c. Interior of refrigerator car showing ice boxes, insulated bulkheads, and doors d. Refrigerator car modified for solid car load milk shipments e. Milk receiving platform — arrival and unloading of solid milk train 3. Sectional drawings showing the construction of refrigerator cars 4. During two days of the Show, several types of cars used in the transportation of milk were open for inspection on a siding in one of the freight yards in West Phila- delphia. Section 13— Plate XXVII Exhibit of the New York City Department of Health; the New York Milk Committee; and the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association 1. The exhibit of the New York City health department consisted of large framed photographs illustrating the different aspects of the milk supply of New York City. These photographs were very good, the subject matter having been carefully chosen and the workmanship excellent. Among the captions under the various views were the following: 1. Type of stable being eliminated %. Bacterial content being reduced. (A picture of a good stable) 3. One step toward clean milk. (A view in a sanitary bottling plant) 60 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 4. Cows should be kept in spacious, clean and light stables 5 and 6. Condition found at first inspection, and, on the same line, another photograph showing the condition found at re-inspection 7. Frequent inspection will abolish such conditions. (View showing the interior of a milk store where the sales room had direct connection with a bed room) 8. One effort to improve care of milk in stores. (A picture of the milk booth which is installed in many New York stores) 9. Result of store inspection. (This view shows the interior of a small store selling milk and eggs. A clean counter is visible in the foreground and a good ice box is also shown) 10. Frequent white-washing recommended by this department. (This picture shows a sprayer on wheels, drawn by one horse, which is used for white- washing cow stables) 11. Built according to rules of department of health. (Interior of a sanitary cow stable) 12. Clean stables and methods insure clean milk. (Interior view showing a stable with a row of cows and milkers at milking time with a printed caption beneath, " Producing milk of the highest grade") 13. Only healthy cows can produce wholesome milk. (This photograph shows a row of cows in a stable and a veterinarian at work examining the herd) 14. Manure which could be utilized to advantage. (This view shows a large pile of valuable manure which is close to the side of the stable) 15. Common source of milk contamination. (This view shows a cow yard with a stable in the background and piles of manure near the stable, in which cows are walking) 16. Type of stable being eliminated. (A bad interior) 17. Inspections of this kind are made every night. (This view, taken by flash light, shows the milk inspectors at work inspecting milk at one of the railroad stations at mid- night) 18. 5,500 wagons deliver two million quarts daily. (This view shows the inspectors inspecting milk on the wagons in the early morning) 19. Frequent inspection would correct this. (An interior view of an unsanitary creamery) 20. All milk entering New York should be inspected. (A view showing a railroad receiv- ing platform with its long lines of milk cans) 21. Millions of bacteria in such milk. (An interior view in a milk store with insanitary surroundings) 22. Impossible to safeguard milk under such conditions. (Interior of a milk store showing milk can at open doorway of a basement grocery. A caption reads, "No ice used") 2. The New York Milk Committee exhibited: 1. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing the work of infants' milk stations 2. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing various conditions of sanitary and insanitary milk production in New York City 3. Wooden models of filled milk bottles, graded in size, to show the relative amounts of the various kinds of milk consumed in New York City annually. The models ranged in size from the large bottle at the head of the line, standing about five feet high, and representing the relative amount of raw milk consumed; to a small model at the foot of the line, measuring about eight inches in height, and representing the relative amount of certified milk consumed. The kinds of milk represented by models were: 1. Certified milk 2. Guaranteed milk 3. Selected milk 4. Pasteurized milk 5. Inspected milk 6. Raw milk 3. Occupying a small corner of this booth was a chart containing copies of leaflets issued by the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association of Boston — an association formed to unite consumers in obtaining efficient inspection and a pure milk supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 61 Section 14— Plate XXVIII Exhibit of Proper and Improper Methods of Caring for Milk in the Home This exhibit was of great practical value because the ease with which milk might become contaminated and the consequent dangers were strikingly shown by- having on display a collection of insanitary utensils actually found in use in dirty homes and milk shops. In contrast with these unsafe utensils, others were displayed to teach the proper way of caring for milk, — refrigerators, sterilizers, cleansers, door-step bottle holders, etc. Trained nurses gave valuable service as attend- ants in this section, explaining the principles and construction of the utensils shown and also pointing out the unseen dangers. Among the articles shown were various makes and sizes of glass nursing bottles which were to be avoided as being unsafe, while types to be recommended were shown alongside. Nipples not easily cleaned, and therefore to be avoided, were shown with others that were to be recommended because they could be easily and thoroughly cleaned. Many kinds of refrigerators were shown, for example : A home-made ice box, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents, requir- ing two cents' worth of ice daily Another home-made ice box, costing about forty-five cents, constructed from a wooden box, sawdust, a tin pail, and newspapers. In this box two cents' worth of ice will last twenty-four hours A Hess refrigerator devised by Doctor Hess of New York, loaned by him Portable hygienic refrigerators, different sizes, requiring two cents' worth of ice, price ac- cording to size McCray refrigerator, loaned by the company Star refrigerator, loaned by the company Other utensils displayed included: A home-made tireless cooker, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents Electric tireless cooker Cereal tireless cooker Freman pasteurizer Arnold steam sterilizer and pasteurizer Bottle cleaners Receptacle for milk bottles, loaned by the Government On the walls of this section were several instructive charts : 1. Chart showing the stomach at different periods of infancy — life size — to illustrate the reason for variation in the amount of feeding at different ages: Birth 1 oz. 2 weeks 2 oz. 3 months 43^ oz. 6 months 6 oz. 12 months 9 oz. 18 months 12 oz. (Holt) 2. Maxims for mothers of bottle-fed babies: 1. Sterilize bottles and nipples by boiling every day. Have all utensils clean. 2. Have a bottle for every feeding. Avoid all unnecessary handling of the milk. 3. Bottles and nipples should be of the most simple design to be easily cleaned. 4. Never vary an iota from directions in the preparation of food. Much harm may be done from ignorant deviation. 5. Do not use the bottle as a standard in measuring ounces. Bottles vary in size. 6. When the bottles for the day are filled, stopper them with sterile non-absorbent cotton or with rubber corks which may be readily boiled. 7. Keep the bottles on ice until they are ready for use. 8. Heat the bottle to blood heat or slightly above just before feeding. 62 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 9. Do not taste the milk in the bottle before giving it to the baby. 10. If the nipple falls on the floor or comes in contact with soiled objects, do not use it. 11. In travelling do not heat the bottle before starting. Carry it cold. 12. Do not trust the baby to feed himself. Feed him or watch him while he feeds. 13. Cleanse the bottle and nipple immediately after feeding. Never leave a par- tially emptied bottle in the crib or on the window sill. 14. Never use any food that the baby has discarded. 15. Do not ask your milkman to leave milk early in the morning. Rather en- courage him to make a later delivery. 16. View any milk mixture as a splendid feeding ground for germ life. Let your whole system of feeding be directed toward the avoidance of infection. 3. Average composition: Human Milk (Richmond) Cow's Milk (Richmond) Water 88.2 87.1 Ash 2 .75 Proteids 1.5 3.4 Fat 3.3 3.9 Sugar 6.8 4.75 Fat should not be confounded with cream, as it represents but one of its constituents. 4. The calorimetric method of infant feeding: This method strives to adjust the infant's diet so that he may receive from it the proper amount of energy A calorie of energy unit is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water -1° C. in temperature A young baby requires 100 calories for every kilogram (2^ lbs.) of its weight 1 gram of fat yields 9.3 calories 1 gram of sugar yields 4.1 1 gram of proteid yields 4.1 1 ounce of milk yields 21. 1 ounce of cream yields 54. This method furnishes a good check on other methods. 5. Tables of food values, prepared by the Department of Agriculture 6. Chart of the growth of bacteria, in properly and improperly cooled milk. Chapin 7. Cartoon of a cat stealing milk from bottle on door step with explanation of the dangers from such careless handling of milk bottles upon delivery. Section 15— Plate XXIX Exhibit of Demonstration of the Uses of Milk as a Food This section was also one of great practical value to the majority of visitors, since there were held frequent demonstrations of the modification of milk for infant feeding and demonstrations of the uses of milk in cooking. A skilled demonstrator in cooking, with the necessary helpers, interested the crowds in the ways of preparing appetizing and nutritious dishes from milk. An article in the North American is thoroughly descriptive of the other phases of this exhibit: TELLS OF BABY FOODS FOR THE HOT WEATHER Trained Nurse Gives Demonstration and Formulas at Milk Show MEN MUCH INTERESTED The vital question, "What shall I feed the baby in the hot weather?" is being answered daily at the Philadelphia Milk Show by a woman who has had experience in feeding hundreds of babies and who stands ready at all times to give uncertain mothers the benefit of this experience. Miss L. Cates, a trained nurse in charge of the children's department of the Wo- man's Hospital, presides over the model kitchen at the Show, which has been fitted up by a committee of women physicians of the city, and here, among a collection of snow-white DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 63 cooking utensils, dressed in her snow-white uniform, she not only gives information as to the most scientific infant feeding, but she deftly prepares the food she recommends and gives the formulas to those who request them. Strange to say, she is besieged by men who take surprising interest in the preparation of bottles for babies, and who ply her with questions relative to the value of rice water and whey, and who want to know if buttermilk is good in intestinal trouble of infants. Foods for the Little Ones To all inquiries Miss Gates makes the same reply — the one that every trained nurse makes — that the doctor must be consulted and his word on the baby's diet taken as final. Then she shows how to prepare the food — in case he recommends it — in the manner in which she has prepared it for the hundreds of little ones who have thrived under her care at the hospital. Yesterday she demonstrated half a dozen food preparations designed to relieve the little ones suffering from digestive troubles, for whom undiluted cow's milk is too heavy in hot weather. Buttermilk, peptonized milk, rice water, barley water and whey were among the foods that were prepared at the morning and afternoon demonstrations. "Rice water and buttermilk," Miss Gates said, "are frequently recommended for babies suffering with intestinal troubles, and the two are used in connection with each other as hot-weather food. There are several kinds of buttermilk, but the easiest to obtain in the city is that made from sweet milk by the addition of buttermilk tablets. To a quart of fresh milk, which is placed in a clean pitcher, jar or bottle, after boiling, add one-third to one-half a quart of hot water, according to the richness of the milk, a pinch of salt and one pulverized tablet. Let this stand at a temperature of 70 degrees for twenty- four hours before using. Process used in Hospitals In making barley-and-rice water, Miss Cates recommended the use of the cereal grains, which are cheaper than the flour. For rice water she soaked 1Y% teaspoonfuls of rice three hours in a quart of water, then boiled it slowly for an hour, adding a tablespoon of sugar to a quart of the fluid and a pinch of salt. For whey she heated a pint of milk to a degree known as lukewarm, and after placing a junket tablet in cold water, added it to the milk, allowing it to stand until firm. She then beat the mixture with a fork, strained it through a piece of cheesecloth and threw away the curds. "Peptonized milk," she said, "is invaluable for children who are not able to digest plain cow's milk, and the best way to make it according to the warm process used in hos- pitals, is to add one tube of peptonizing powder, dissolved in warm water, to a pint of milk, letting the mixture stand in warm water at a temperature of 110 degrees for ten, fifteen or twenty minutes, as ordered. Among the articles and materials used in this exhibit were : Agate and white enamel double boilers Agate and white enamel spoons, different sizes Agate and white enamel bowls Agate and white enamel pitchers Agate and white enamel dish pans Agate and white enamel tea kettles Glass jars, different sizes Wire strainers, different sizes Glass churns, different sizes Agate and white enamel quart measure Agate and white enamel funnels Glass measuring cup Sanitary paper towels 16 ounce glass graduates "Materna" glass graduate Chapin dippers Glass funnels Absorbent and non-absorbent cotton Borax Boric acid Lactone tablets Kefilac tablets Junket tablets "Bulgarian" tablets Essence of pepsin Liquid rennet 64 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Many electric cooking utensils were loaned for display by the Philadelphia Electric Company. Gimbel Brothers, Dennison Manufacturing Company, George B. Evans, Charles Lentz, and Llewellyn's Drug Company kindly allowed certain articles, which had been purchased, to be returned to them after the Show (if in good condi- tion) and credit given accordingly. Section 16— Plate XXX Exhibit Showing the Modern Method of Making Ice Cream; and the Residts of Bac- teriological Examination of Ice Cream by the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board Many photographs in this section portrayed dirty methods, undesirable stores, itinerant venders, etc. Plate cultures were shown of bacteria found in poor ice cream and the results of chemical analyses of the same. Finally, a modern rotary freezer with a capacity of one hundred and eighty quarts per hour was exhibited, capable of being thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. This machine was shown in operation. Among the charts shown in this section were: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ICE CREAM SOLD BY STREET VENDERS? THIS IS WHAT WE CAN TELL YOU ICE CREAM SHOULD LEGALLY CONTAIN 6% butter fat when flavored with fruits 8% butter fat when other flavors are used CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF 125 SAMPLES OF ICE CREAM SOLD BY STREET VENDERS GAVE THE FOLLOWING RESULTS : 80 samples contained less than 1% butter fat 30 samples contained between 1% and 2% butter fat only 5 samples of the total number contained the legal amount of fat SOME FACTS REGARDING FLAVORS 10 SAMPLES OF THE SO-CALLED FRUIT FLAVORS CONTAINED SUBSTANCES CALLED "COMPOUND ETHERS " AS SUBSTITUTES FOR FRUIT FLAVORS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 65 HOW THE ICE CREAMS ARE COLORED Every so-called fruit flavor was artificially colored, usually with coal tar color SUBSTANCES USED IN MAKING ICE CREAM Condensed skim milk and water Powdered skim milk and water Thickening gum tragacanth, glue and starch BACTERIOLOGICAL COUNTS OF ICE CREAM SAMPLES Number of bacteria per cubic centimeter i 17,600,000 2 3 4 1,030,000 38,600,000 8,160,000 5 6 7 40,300,000 14,400,000 8,200,000 8 9 10 5,000,000 7,650,000 1,820,000 ii 22,200,000 12 13 9,740,000 10,200,000 14 16,212,000 Section 17— Plate XXXI Exhibit Showing the Scientific Pasteurization of Milk Here visitors could see a complete system of pasteurization in operation as fol- lowed in one of the most up-to-date and scientific pasteurizing plants. For this purpose there was installed in this section at considerable expense a complete plant consisting of the most modern and sanitary pasteurizing apparatus, a mechanical bottle filler, a capping machine, a bottle washer, and a centrifugal cream separator. Attendants were on duty to explain the processes and apparatus. In demonstrating the operation of pasteurization, water was used in place of milk. It was first passed through filter cloth into the receiving vat, thence it passed by gravity to the pasteurizer, which heated it to 140°-145° F., and at the same time threw it by centrifugal force up to the "holder" on an elevated platform where the 5 66 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW heated water was held for thirty minutes. It then dropped by gravity to the cooler, where the temperature was reduced to 40° F. From the cooler it dropped by gravity to the bottle-filler, a mechanical device worked by a hand lever. The box of filled bottles was then pushed along a platform to the capping machine, a distance of two feet, where they were finally capped. For the purpose of demonstration, the cover of the cooler was made with a glass window to permit the spectators to see the fluid in its passage over the cooling pij «. The special points about the process were : 1. The absence of a pump, the fluid running by gravity after leaving the holder 2. The short length of piping 3. The fact that the cooler was covered, preventing air contamination 4. The fact that there was exposure to the air only for the few seconds consumed in passing the bottles from the filler to the capper. The bottle washer exhibited, consisted of a soaking tank, a revolving brush for badly caked bottles, and a device for throwing a jet of hot water and another for steam or boiling water. The cream separator was of the type giving eight thousand revolutions per minute. Sections 18, 19, and 20— Plates XXXII, XXXIII, and XXXIV Exhibit on Child Hygiene by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities These three sections contained the main features of the various exhibits which have been held with such beneficial results at different times by the Bureau of Health in the congested districts of this city. Photographs were shown illustrating : 1. Visiting nurses' work and general housing conditions 2. Exterior of exhibits held in slums 3. Open air hospitals, educational centers, play apparatus, playgrounds, and a practical demonstration of care of babies and children on two large recreation piers 4. Philadelphia parks 5. Wards, Philadelphia General Hospital 6. Redbank Sanitarium 7. Medical clinics and milk stations 8. Modified milk stations 9. Care of baby 10. Dirty milk and dirty milk bottles 11. Preparation of baby's food 12. Necessity of vaccination 13. Instructions to school children 14. Cheap home-made ice box Illustrated wall placards, paintings and models explaining certain truths to mothers, such as: 1. Placard giving instructions for mothers 2. Placards giving instructions on care of the baby 3. Display circular - — Care of the Baby 4. Display of proper and improper nipples 5. Painting; — Keep Baby's Mouth Clean 6. Painting showing foods that are dangerous 7. Card of "Don'ts" for baby feeding 8. Colored picture — showing danger of baby on unclean floor 9. Colored illustration — Bathe the Baby 10. Dressed dolls, showing proper and improper method of dressing baby DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 11. Model bed on chart with instructions concerning the same 12. Display circular dealing with the dangers of the house fly 13. Sample of home-made fly killer on frame 14. Report blank used by nurses 15. Details of work, Redbank Sanitarium Association 16. M ^ e ^ n a g ss h . c a ase showin S births and deaths among infants under one year of age Maps and charts : 1. Deaths of children under one year from one to two years, and from two to five vears and percentage of deaths under five years to total mortality for thirty years 2 - Bl t:^it s J:sz,to^ and enteritis under tw ° years ° f «* * «"*» to B 1^^^popu;Sn^ ea ^ entCTitiS ^^ tW ° ^ ° f «* in relation t0 ^ Total deaths under five years of age in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean temperature, and humidity for the year 1909 Total deaths under one year in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean temper- ature, and humidity by weeks for the year 1909 Total deaths under two years in relation to maximum and mean temperature, and humidity by weeks for the year 1909 Deaths under one year from all causes in relation to feeding; maximum, minimum and mean temperature; and humidity during the summer 1910 Deaths under one year and between one and two years in relation to feeding- maxi- mum, minimum, and mean temperature; and humidity by weeks during the summer of 1910 B Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year deaths under two years, and deaths under five years, by years since 1880 Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year deaths under two years, and deaths under five years, by months during the year 1909 Births and deaths per 1000 population for thirty years Weights with different kinds of feeding, Philadelphia General Hospital Bacteriological examinations of milk Publicity that counts, giving head lines of newspaper articles Number of births during the year and number of those living at the end of the year Instructions in nursing Instructions in nursing Elucidating deaths of 1909 Bottles with labels of the more common soothing syrups, cartoons, etc., and printed matter; entitled, "Dangerous Drugs" Weight of baby Number of babies who died during the year Death rate at each age period Showing location of playgrounds and milk stations in Philadelphia Showing ward lines in relation thereto Showing deaths by wards from diarrhea and enteritis in children under two years of age and all deaths from all causes in children under five years of age per 1000 population Some of the illustrated charts on the care of babies were worded as follows: 67 10. li. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. KEEP NIPPLES CLEAN Dirty nipples make pure milk unfit for use Do not use Use this kind this kind A plain rubber nipple, easy to clean (Samples) (Samples) 68 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW (Colored picture of baby on floor) IT IS DANGEROUS TO ALLOW BABY TO CRAWL ON THE FLOOR AND THEN CARRY THE DIRT AND GERMS FROM HIS FINGERS TO HIS MOUTH DON'T SPIT ON THE FLOOR (Photograph of mother nursing baby) THIS BABY GETS A SQUARE MEAL DOES YOURS ? SPEAKING OF FLIES! ! ! (Picture of baby and flies swarming about) PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY AGAINST FLIES (Bureau of Health leaflet on flies) (Picture of a baby in basket screened) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 69 MILK IS THE ONLY SAFE FOOD FOR INFANTS THESE ARE DANGEROUS (Colored pictures of) Corn on cob Banana Soda water Cucumber Pretzel Root beer Tea or coffee Ice cream cone Apple Watermelon KEEP BABY'S MOUTH CLEAN WASH SEVERAL TIMES A DAY (Picture of baby with open mouth and hand pointing to mouth) DANGER These contain opium or equally dangerous drugs Give no medicine unless ordered by the doctor U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Farmer's Bulletin No. 393. (Wrappers of various dangerous patent medicines commonly given to infants) These are the most prominent "Killers" in Philadelphia, but there are many others not on this list equally dangerous. 70 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW BATHE YOUR CHILD EVERY DAY On hot days sponge off several times (Colored picture of baby in basin) (Woman tossing baby) Baby needs sleep. Not in a soft feather bed Don't shake baby up and down to amuse it Clean house Clean bottles (Picture of baby ready for bath) (Picture of baby in bath) (Picture of baby asleep) Clean food, nipples, and baby Give cool boiled water to drink several times a day On hot days dress cool and comfortable Learn how to take care of the baby Baby needs a bath every day and sponging several times on hot days (Picture of baby lightly dressed) Photographs of beds for the baby improvised from a clothes basket and a large splint basket DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 71 BABY NEEDS 16 TO 20 HOURS SLEEP EVERY DAY A quiet room His own bed A cool place No flies No soft feather mattress No cooking in room (Illustrated with photographs) (Photograph of a cheap ice box) MILK NOT PROPERLY ICED IS UNSAFE TO USE MAKE AN ICE BOX FOR YOUR HOME A wooden box Bucket Saw-dust or excelsior Newspapers Entire cost 45 cents SPEAKING OF FLIES (Flies swarming) KILL EVERY FLY (A weapon for killing flies constructed from a piece of wire screening tacked to a wooden handle) MAKE ONE OF THESE FOR EVERY ROOM IN THE HOUSE 72 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW BABY LOGIC Warm weather causes poor, warm, or dirty milk to spoil Spoiled milk and babies do not agree The wrong food, or food wrongly prepared, causes sick babies Dirt, flies, and foul air cause sickness More babies die during the summer than the winter Get pure, clean, cold milk and keep it so Learn how to feed the baby Get plenty of fresh air Avoid dirt and flies BOTTLE FEEDING IS DANGEROUS IF NOT DONE EXACTLY RIGHT Don't use any but clean, fresh milk Don't buy milk from any dealer who does not keep his milk, store, bottles, and cans clean Don't buy milk that is exposed to flies and dust Don't buy milk in open cans and pitchers — use milk bottles Don't let milk remain for hours on door step — place immediately on ice Don't use left-over milk — use a fresh bottle for each feeding Circular (English and Yiddish) Care of the baby in hot weather Take one home and read it When baby is sick telephone City Hall, Room 580 or tell any policeman DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 73 CLEAN NURSING BOTTLES It is dangerous for the baby's milk to touch anything that is not perfectly clean As soon as the baby's bottle is empty do these three things : i. Wash it out first with cold water 2. Then wash it out with hot water and borax or soda (a teaspoonful of borax or soda to a pint of water) 3. Place the bottle upside down on a clean shelf Wash out bottles with boiling water just before filling with milk IS YOUR BABY OF NORMAL WEIGHT? Does he show a natural, healthy increase from week to week? WEIGHT OF A NORMAL BABY Age At birth 1 mo. 2 mo. 3 mo. 4 mo. 5 mo. 6 mo. 7 mo. 8 mo. 9 mo. 10 mo. 11 mo. 12 mo. Length 19.5 in. 20.5 in. 21. in. 22. in. 23. in. 23.5 in. 24. in. 24.5 in. 25. in. 25.5 in. 26. in. 26.5 in. 27. in. Weight 7 lb. 7* lb. 9k lb. 11 lb. I2| lb. 14 lb. 15 lb. 16 lb. 17 lb. 18 lb. 19 lb. 20 lb. 21 lb. HAVE YOUR BABY WEIGHED AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH 74 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW DEATH RATE AT EACH AGE PERIOD (U. S. Census 1890-1900) Age Death Rate 1890 1900 Under 1 year 205.8 165.4 1- 2 years 84.9 46.6 5- 9 years 7-3 5.2 10-15 years 3-8 3-3 25-30 years 9.9 8.6 45-50 years 16.5 15.2 60-65 years 32.8 35-i 70-75 years 64-5 75-2 80-85 years 144.6 165.8 90-95 years 260. 339-2 95 and over 347-1 418. One electric sign was used displaying terse sentences referring to the milk question and infant feeding, and numerous other signs contained such axioms as: TOTAL MORTALITY HAS STEADILY DECREASED ARE THE BABIES GETTING THEIR SHARE? INFANT MORTALITY IS THE MOST SENSITIVE INDEX WE POSSESS OF SOCIAL WELFARE IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO SEE THAT YOU OBTAIN PURE, CLEAN, FRESH MILK IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE PEOPLE TO SEE THAT THEY KEEP MILK PURE, CLEAN, AND FRESH DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 75 IT IS NOT THE BABIES BORN BUT THE BABIES SAVED THAT COUNT THE BUSINESS OF REARING BABIES MUST BE CLASSED AS AN " EXTRA HAZARDOUS OCCUPATION » 90 PER CENT OF THE BABIES DYING OF DIGESTIVE TROUBLES ARE BOTTLE-FED. WHY ? BABIES DIE FROM THE HEAT OF SUMMER BECAUSE THE HEAT SPOILS THE MILK AND MAKES IT UNFIT TO GIVE TO THE BABY HEAT BREEDS DISEASE GERMS IN THE MILK KEEP THE MILK COOL NURSE YOUR BABY IF IT SEEMS TO YOU THAT YOUR BREAST MILK DOES NOT AGREE WITH THE CHILD OR YOU HAVE NOT ENOUGH MILK CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR HE MAY BE ABLE TO CORRECT THE WRONG AND SAVE YOUR BABY 76 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 4763 BABIES UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE DIED LAST YEAR HALF OF THESE DIED DURING THE SUMMER AT LEAST HALF OF THESE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED WILL YOUR BABY BE AMONG THIS YEAR'S LIST? In connection with this exhibit the Louisville Babies' Milk Fund Association sent a set of photographs and charts illustrating the work of the association; a model of a milk bottle bank; a carrier for milk bottles; and lantern slides illustrating the work of the association. The Department of Health of the city of Chicago sent charts and test samples showing the control of the milk supply in Chicago; photographs showing some of the conditions met in the handling of milk; copies of ordinances and rules; and charts showing local epidemics of typhoid fever due to milk infection. The Warelands Dairy Training School located at Norfolk, Massachusetts, sent photographs illustrating the various courses given at the school. Section 21— Plate XXXV Exhibit of Record Forms and Instruments in Use by Various Cities in Milk Inspection Work The various forms and records used by the following cities in connection with the taking of milk samples for laboratory examination, were contributed: 1. Baltimore, Maryland 2. Boston, Massachusetts 3. Buffalo, New York 4. Chicago, Illinois 5. Cleveland, Ohio 6. Los Angeles, California 7. Montclair, New Jersey 8. New York, New York 9. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10 San Francisco, California. The New Jersey State Board of Health sent samples of their forms and records. The Buffalo Board of Health sent two models of milk cans, one of which was a type approved by the Board of Health, the other being a type which had been condemned by them. A few other sanitary milk buckets and shipping cans were shown. " Representatives from the Division of Milk Inspection of the Bureau of Health of this city were in attendance ready to explain the methods of milk inspection as practised in this city. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 77 Section 22— Plate XXXVI Exhibit of Prizes in Milk Contests This section was used for the purpose of displaying the various cups to be awarded in the certified milk and cream contest and in the market milk and cream contest. The cups were donated by the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. On the walls of this section were hung photographs of model dairy farms. Section 23— Plate XXXVII Exhibit of the Medical Milk Commission of Essex County, New Jersey; and the Babies' Hospital of Newark, New Jersey In this booth were shown numerous photographs of the plant and methods of the Fairfield Dairy Company, Montclair, New Jersey, and of the Babies' Hospital of Newark, New Jersey. Models about four feet in height were shown representing the milkers employed by the Fairfield Dairy Company. They were dressed in white milking suits and caps, and carried the most approved type of small-mouthed milk pails and metal milking stools. Samples of charts and score cards in use in the Babies' Hospital were displayed and trained nurses from the hospital were in attendance to give explanations and answer questions. Among the charts hung in this section were some reading : 1. The mother's sorrow in the early death of her puny infant should stimulate vigorous and humane agencies which will prevent such tears and deep grief. We should provide air, sunlight, water, food, and knowledge which will permit other babies to utilize the life to which they have a natural birthright 2. There is no other material out of which we can fashion citizens than the baby, either those now with us or the babies yet unborn. Out of this fact grow two civic duties of the greatest importance, namely To give them at the outset a sound body And later to furnish them with a sound mind 3. The intrinsic value of a human life should be recognized and estimated before it unfolds or ripens; long before it can work or endure or add to the common weal or welfare 4. In the United States The yearly waste of infant life is seen In about 300,000 deaths in the first year (300,000) Most of this mortality is due to cruel Ignorance 5. One ounce of additional prevention is worth twenty pounds of hospital cure. 90% of the sickness among the infants of the poor is due to ignorance. Ignorance is never removed from the homes of the poor except through instruction given through philanthropy 6. The infants of the poor are found among three classes of parents which have been defined as: God's poor The devil's poor Poor devils The Babies' Hospital is no respecter of these babies. They are all human, innocent and worthy 7. Healthy children are national assets of great value. Unsound, defective children are destined to become a national burden in adult life 8. Wise charity does not pauperize the poor, but helps them by adding to their resources enough money or assistance to solve the problem, whether it be one of poverty or sickness. 78 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Section 24— Plate XXXVIII Exhibit of the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions The material shown in this section consisted of: 1. Numerous photographs of dairy farms producing milk which is being certified by commissions belonging to the association 2. Charts showing the purpose of the organization 3. Charts showing the growth of the milk commission idea 4. Charts showing the results of four years' work 5. Map showing the location of medical milk commissions in the United States and Canada 6. Collection of sanitary milk utensils and instruments from the Walker-Gordon Labora- tory Company, used in shipping and delivering milk 7. Display of apparatus used by the Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company in the modi- fication of milk. SECOND FLOOR EXHIBITS On this floor at the front of the building was located the executive office, where the committee on arrangements in general made its headquarters, with the secretary actively in charge. The special publicity agent and her stenographer also did most of their work here, and, of course, all officers and committees used the office for consultation and the general transaction of business incident to the installation of the exhibits and the management of the exhibition. Section 25— Plates XXXIX and XL Pathological Exhibit of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board This exhibit was presided over by skilled attendants who explained to con- tinuous crowds of interested visitors the meaning of the many charts showing chemical tests to detect disease; tuberculosis in cattle; specimens of various parts and organs of animals affected with disease; and slides showing the results of bacteriological examinations of different kinds of milk. A large refrigerator was installed in this section for the purpose of keeping properly the many specimens. Section 26 — Plates XLI and XLII Exhibit of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture This exhibit was deservedly popular because of the splendid collection of large framed photographs shown, with contrasting views hung side by side, depicting the complete story of good and bad production and handling of milk. The photo- graphs in themselves were most interesting and instructive, but were made much more emphatic by the explanations of the special representatives of the Government, who were detailed here throughout the period of the Show. Numerous views with terse inscriptions were shown for each of the following main topics: 1. Stables for cows Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe Ol (/) D O H ffi W _ S u. j It! J — H H b «! u DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 79 2. Dairy cattle Dirty and diseased Clean and healthy 3. Farm milk houses Clean and safe Dirty and dangerous 4. Methods of cleaning cow stables 5. Securing and handling Clean milk Dirty milk 6. City milk plants Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe 7. Milk distribution Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe 8. Milk in the home Neglected and dangerous Cared for and safe 9. Food value of milk 10. Market milk investigations 11. Score card system of dairy inspection. Section 27— Plate XLIII Exhibit of the State Board of Health of Maryland The wall space of this large section was completely filled with placards, charts, and maps showing dairy farm and milk handling conditions in various countries and cities. The following placards containing photographs showing foreign conditions were displayed, the number of photographs being given in parenthesis following each subject : 1. Milk animals (26) 2. Milch goats (23) 3. Palermo milk girl with goats and jars — idealized— (colored picture) 4. Milk maids (20) 5. Dairies (14) 6. Methods of handling milk in foreign countries (9) 7. Conveyances for delivering milk (30) 8. Conditions of milk and dairy service (16 postal cards) 9. Dairy and laboratory (2) 10. Corner of Havana milk market overlooking the harbor 11. Corner of the Havana milk market by the sea wall overlooking the harbor 12. (1) warehouse for butter; (2) department of refrigerating machinery, steam engine 13. (1) laboratory; (2) refrigerating machinery 14. (1) bottle cleaning department; (2) laboratory. Placards containing photographs showing domestic conditions were also shown : 1. Work of Philadelphia Pasteurized Milk Society (10). Also samples of pamphlets 2. Philadelphia milk distributing stations (10) 3. Baltimore cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt ordinance 4. City cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt ordinance 5. Cow stables (6) 6. Cow stables (2) 7. Dairies (5) 8. Interior of dairy 9. Exterior of Quarry Farm dairy (2) 10. Interior of Quarry Farm dairy 80 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 11. Dairy farm — Erahaust Farms (10) 12. Proper means of handling milk 13. Milk receiving stations 14. Goats (4) 15. Different milk products (10) 16. Work of milk commission (5) 17. Oakland, California (5) 18. Pennsylvania State College Dairy School (Several) 19. Ohio State University (19) 20. University of Tennessee (27) 21. Miscellaneous (3) Charts were shown: 1. Value of farm products. United States, 1859, 1878, 1889 2. Value of dairy and total farm products in the United States, 1900 3. Number of cattle to square mile, 1900 4. Milk area, American cities of over 200,000 5. Rural Maryland, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 6. Baltimore, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 7. Board of Health of New Jersey. Examination of milk 8. Boston bio-chemical laboratory. Diagram of milk inspection, June, 1905-March, 1906 9. Bacteriological examination of milk 10. Cheese and butter production, 1850-1890 11. Amount of energy and building materials got for one shilling in some typical foods 12. Percentage of nutrients not absorbed in some typical foods 13. Miscellaneous (7) Maps: 1. Road map of Maryland 2. Stations from which milk and cream are shipped and territory covered by dairy inspec- tion. District of Columbia Health Department. In this section was also displayed an interesting model of the dairy barns on the farm of French Brothers and Bauer, Lebanon, Ohio. Commercial Exhibits Floor space measuring about forty-seven by ninety-two feet was devoted to exhibits of a commercial nature. The following firms installed exhibits as noted: Floor plan section number Size 3A, 3B, and4A 8' x 24 4B 8'x 8 5A 4'x 8 5A 4'x 8 5B 8'x 8 6AandB 8'x 16 Name and kind of exhibit Mr. Lee H. P. Maynard, 1937 Market Street, an ex- hibit of a commercial laboratory Mr. William Kelly, 1204 Pine Street, an exhibit of milk, etc. Mr. Paul Doering, 1228 North Howard Street, an ex- hibit of a cooler and aerator Messrs. Schutte and Koerting, 12th and Thompson Streets, an exhibit of a milk pasteurizer Independent Milk Dealers, 423 Fitzwater Street, an exhibit of milk, etc. Mechanical Refrigerating Machine Company, 864 North Franklin Street, an exhibit of an ice machine DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 81 Floor plan section number Size Name and kind of exhibit 7 A and B 8' x 16' Mr. Edward Woolman, 4709 Lancaster Avenue, an exhibit of photographs of a pasteurizer 9A 8' x 8' Caloris Manufacturing Company, 2110 West Alle- gheny Avenue, an exhibit of Caloris bottles 9B 8' x 8' Dairy Specialty Company, West Chester, Pennsyl- vania, an exhibit of a mechanical milker, etc. 10A and B 8' x 16' Charles H. Phillips Company, New York City, an ex- hibit of milk of magnesia HB 8' x 8' Root Dairy Supply Company, West Grove, Pennsyl- vania, an exhibit showing filler and capper com- bined, dairy-sized cooler, milk pails, etc. 12A and B 8' x 16' P. E. Sharpless Company, 813 North 11th Street, an exhibit showing shipping arrangements for butter; an exhibit of butter itself; cheese, ice cream; and evaporated milk for ice cream 13A 8' x 8' Single Service Package Corporation of America, 71 Broadway, New York City, an exhibit of paper bottles 13B 8' x 8' Messrs. S. R. and S. W. Kennedy and Company, 28 South Water Street, an exhibit of cheese, butter, and case evaporated and condensed milk 14A and B 8' x 16' Mr. Samuel Shapiro, 638 North Franklin Street, an exhibit of a cooler adapted for use by farmers, milk can covers of various designs, an improved ice ring for the tops of cans, an improved pas- teurizer and cooler, an improved can 15 A and B 8' x 16' The Crown Cork and Seal Company, Baltimore, Mary- land, an exhibit showing a milk bottle corking machine 16A 8' x 8' Kensington Engine Works Company, Beach and Berks Streets, an exhibit showing an apparatus for dis- infecting or sterilizing milk bottles by steam 17A and B 8' x 16' Abbott's Alderney Dairies, 1823 Filbert Street, an ex- hibit of milk and milk products, photographs of plant, etc. 18A 8' x 8' Dairymen's Supply Company, Baltimore Avenue and P. R. R., Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, an exhibit of dairy supplies 18B 8' x 8' West Disinfecting Company, 1303 Race Street, an ex- hibit of liquid soap for washing hands, of for- maldehyde generators, of chloronapthaleum (a disinfectant) and of creolin 19A S' x 8' Achor Chocolate Manufacturing Company, 1338 Cherry Street, an exhibit of milk chocolate and chocolactine 19B 8' x 8' The Underwriters Company (Mr. Volkert O. Lawrence, President), 13th and Walnut Streets, in the name of the American Milk Improvement Company, an exhibit of Eversweet Milk 20A and B 8' x 16' The Supplee Alderney Dairies, 1118 Jefferson Street, an exhibit of photographs and products, and Fermillac 21A and B 8' x 16' The J. B. Ford Company, Michigan (W. E. Ratz, 415 Bulletin Building, Philadelphia), an exhibit show- ing Wyandotte powder for washing bottles and pans, etc. 22A and B 8' x 16' Exhibition lecture hall, Creamery Package Company, 1907 Market Street, an exhibit of a pasteurizer. APPENDICES APPENDIX A Program of the Milk Show. Folded Size: 6 Inches by 11 Inches Note : — For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. The fourth page contained the programs of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers and the Dairy Institute. These programs are reprinted as appendices B and C respectively, because they were also printed separately from the Milk Show program. i MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATIONS AT THE CLOSE OF EACH SESSION AFTERNOON AND EVENING LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS OPENING DAY— SATURDAY, May 20 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. C. J. HATFIELD, Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Philadelphia Milk Show ADDRESS OF WELCOME: Hon. John E. Reyburn, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MILK SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: Dr. Joseph S. Neff , Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. MEANS OF CORRECTING THE DEFECTS IN PHILADELPHIA'S MILK SUPPLY: Dr. S. McC. Hamill, Chairman of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society Milk Commission. 12.20 P. M. Dr. H. Brooker Mills. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. WARD BRINTON, Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital THE DISSEMINATION OF DISEASE BY MILK: Dr. Randle C. Rosenberger, Professor of Bacteriology, Jefferson Medical School. MILK AS A FOOD: Dr. Lawrence F. Flick, Director of White Haven Sanatorium. THE HOURS OF DELIVERY OF MILK TO THE CONSUMER AND THE CARE OF THE EMPTY MILK BOTTLE: Dr. J. C. Gittings, Instructor in Diseases of Children, University of Pennsylvania. SUNDAY, May 21 LECTURES IN YIDDISH 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. L. W. STEINBACH, Professor of Surgery, Philadelphia Polyclinic and School for Graduates in Medicine INFANT MORTALITY AND THE MILK QUESTION: Dr. Maurice Goldberg, Member of the Philadel- phia Pediatric Society. CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. S. Seilikowitch, Member of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. 8 P.M. FOR EMPLOYEES IN DEPARTMENT STORES Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES M. ANDERS, Professor of the Practice of Medicine, Medico-Chirurgical Medical School THE VALUE OF MILK TO THE INDOOR WORKER: Dr. James H. McKee, Professor of Children's Diseases at Temple University. MILK PRODUCTS IN RELATION TO HEALTH: Dr. Jesse D. Burks, Director of the Bureau of Mu- nicipal Research. MONDAY, May 22 12.20 P. M. Dr. Alex. H. Davisson. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. D. J. MILTON MILLER, Member of the American Pediatric Society THE MEDICAL MILK COMMISSION AND ITS PURPOSES: Dr. Henry L. Coit, President of the New Jersey State Pediatric Society. DAIRY EDUCATION AMONGST THE PRODUCERS OF MILK (.Lantern Slides): Mr. W. E. Miller, President of the Certified Milk Producers' Association of America. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. J. T. RUGH, President of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN TRACEABLE TO BAD MILK: Dr. Abraham Jacobi, Emeritus Pro- fessor of the Diseases of Children, Columbia University, New York. THE PRODUCTION OF CLEAN RAW MILK: Mr. Stephen Francisco, Ex-President of the Certified Milk Producers' Association of America. TUESDAY, May 23 n A. M. MILK IN COOKING: Miss Edna Klaer, Drexel Institute. 12.20 P. M. Dr. S. W. Newmeyer. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES TYSON, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Univ. of Pa. THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CONTROL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER: Dr. Alfred F. Hess, Bacteriological Department, Board of Health, New York City. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, MR. J. PRENTICE MURPHY, Secretary and Superintendent of the Children's Bureau of Philadelphia MILK SUPPLY OF VILLAGES: Dr. H. W. Conn, Professor of Bacteriology, Wesleyan University. THE RELATIONSHIP OF MILK TO TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN BEINGS: Dr. William H. Park, Chief Bacteriologist of the Department of Health, New York City. WEDNESDAY, May 24 1 1 A. M. Under the Auspices of the Civic Club THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (Illustrated) : Mrs. R. Tait McKenzie. 11.40 A. M. LANTERN SLIDE AND MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATION. (Second Page) 85 12 M. THE VALUE OF INSTRUCTION BY THE VISITING NURSE IN CONNECTION WITH THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Miss Ellen C. Babbitt, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. J. C. WILSON, Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical School MILK AS A CARRIER OF INFECTION: Dr. E. C. Schroeder, Superintendent Experiment Station, B. A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. METHODS OF PROTECTING MILK SUPPLIES FROM SOURCES OF INFECTION: Dr. John R. Mohler, Chief of Pathological Division, B. A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. J. S.NEFF, Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities PASTEURIZATION OF MILK: Dr. M. J. Rosenau, Professor of Preventative Medicine and Hygiene, Harvard University. SAFEGUARDING THE HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION OF MILK IN CITIES: Dr. W. A. Evans, Health Officer of the City of Chicago. THURSDAY, May 25 11 A. M. MILK IN THE DAILY MENU: Miss Lena Powers, Drexel Institute. 12.20 P. M. Dr. Walter S. Cornell. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. SAMUEL G. DLXON, Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania THE MEANS OF IMPROVING MARKET MILK— CARRIED OUT BY THE UNITED STATES DE- PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. THE INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS— WHAT THE INSPECTOR DOES AND WHY HE DOES IT: Dr. J. P. Turner, Chief Milk Inspector of the City of Washington. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, REV. HERMAN L. DUHRING, Superintendent of City Missions THE RELATIVE VALUE OF MILK AND OTHER FOODS, ESPECIALLY THE ADVERTISED SUB- STITUTES FOR MILK: Dr. David L. Edsall, Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. WHAT THE CONSUMER SHOULD DEMAND OF THE MILKMAN: Dr. John Amyot, Health Officer of the City of Toronto, Canada. FRIDAY, May 26 12.20 P. M. THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (Illustrated): Dr. W. N. Bradley. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. E. E. GRAHAM, Professor of Diseases of Children, Jefferson Medical College ICE CREAM AND ITS RELATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH: Dr. Geo. W. Stiles, Bacteriological Chemist of the Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. THE DECEPTIONS PRACTICED IN THE PREPARATION AND SALE OF MILK: Dr. Charles H. La Wall, Chemist of the Pennsylvania State Dairy and Food Department. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. R. H. HARTE, Surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital CONSUMERS' ORGANIZATIONS IN RELATION TO THE MILK QUESTION: Mrs. William Lowell Putnam, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association. DANGEROUS PRACTICES IN THE HANDLING OF MILK: Dr. Otto P. Geier, Secretary of the Amer- ican Association of Medical Milk Commissions. SATURDAY, May 27 11 A. M. HOME-MADE ICE CREAM: Mrs. Anna B. Scott, of the North American. 12.20 P. M. Dr. Theo. LeBoutillier. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, MR. W. W. PHILLIPS, of the Tri-State Milk Producers' Association HOW TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY MILK: Dr. George M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk In- vestigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS AS INSTALLED BY THE STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD: Dr. C. J. Marshall, Veterinarian of the State of Pennsylvania. AWARDING OF PRIZES The cups given as prizes for the Certified Milk and Cream Contest are donated by the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, and the cups for the Market Milk and Cream Contest by the Philadelphia Milk Exchange. 8 P.M. Presiding Officer, MR. J. A. VOGLESON, Chief of the Bureau of Health THE JOURNEY OF MILK FROM THE COW TO THE CONSUMER: Mr. John D. Nichols, President of the International Milk Dealers' Association. THE DUTY OF THE PUBLIC IN THE CRUSADE FOR CLEAN MILK: Dr. Talcott Williams, LL.D. Special demonstrations of the exhibits daily by the following corps of instructors : 11 A. M. to 2 P. M. — Dr. N. F. Bricker, Dr. Mark T. Bowie, Dr. Walter H. Oliver, Dr. Ward Brinton. 3 P. M. to S P. M. — Dr. Sidney J. Repplier, Dr. Jacobina S. Reddie, Dr. A. G. Tinney, Dr. Randolph Faries. 7 P. M. to 10 P. M. — Dr. Benj. D. Parish, Dr. Marianna Taylor, Dr. J. McPhee Hincken, Dr. Frank Baird. 2 P. M. to 5 P. M. Sunday. — Dr. N. H. Hornstine in Yiddish. Although the Philadelphia Milk Show has tried to properly censor the commercial ex- hibits, it cannot hold itself responsible for statements or opinions expressed by commer- cial exhibitors, nor particularly recommend their products above other similar ones. 86 (Third Page) CONFERENCE OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICERS 87 APPENDIX B Program of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers. Folded Size: 3}/2 Inches by 6 Inches Note: — For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. ]r=H ] *Che text of the Conference is the Report of the Philadelphia Milk Commission, and contemplates a Discussion of tbe entire JXCILK 'PROBLEM MORNING SESSION TEN O'CLOCK CHARLES R PENROSE, M. D. PRESIDING Special Discussion with Relation to " The Need Of, and the Results from Regulation of Milk Supplies " To be Opened by ERNST J. LEDERLE, Ph.D. Commissioner of Health, New York City H. H. WILEY, M. D. Chief of Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture C. HAMPSON JONES, M. D. Assistant Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, Md. Professor CHARLES H. La WALL Chemist, State Food Commission, Pennsylvania CHARLES J. HASTINGS, M. D. Medical Health Officer, Toronto, Canada F. H. STADTMUELLER, ESQ. Health Officer, Elmwood, Connecticut GENERAL DISCUSSION (Second Page) 88 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW I 3BC AFTERNOON SESSION THREE O'CLOCK A. C. ABBOTT, M.D., LL. D. PRESIDING Special Discussion in Relation to "The Development of, and the Practical Application of Milk Laws" To be opened by W. A. EVANS, M. D. Commissioner of Health, Chicago, III. JOHN A. AMYOT, M. D. Health Officer, Ontario, Canada E. C. LEVY, M. D. Chief Health Officer, Richmond, Virginia GEORGE W McGUIRE Chief, Division of Creameries and Dairies, State Board of Health, Trenton, New Jersey Prof H. E. VanNORMAN Professor of Dairy Husbandry. Pennsylvania State College, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania WILLIAM GIMPER, V. M. D. Supervising Inspector, State Live Stock Sanitary Board, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania GENERAL DISCUSSION (Third Page) PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE 89 APPENDIX C Program of the Dairy Institute. Folded Size: 4- Inches by 9 Inches Note: For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. MAY 24th The Production of Good Milk Hon. E. T. Gill, Presiding Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, N. J. "Prepotency in Breeding" DR. CARL W. GAY School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Penn- sylvania "Improving the Dairy Herd" MR. R. J. WELD Sugar Grove, Pa. Discussion: MR. M. F. PHILLIPS Pomeroy, Pa. "Feeding for Milk Production" MR. H. W. JEFFERS Walker-Gordon Farms, Plainsboro, N. J. "How Milk May be Contaminated by Disease-Producing Agents" DR. JOHN R. MOHLER Chief, Pathological Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry "Economical Value of Cow Testing" MR. I. C. COHEE Brandywine Dairy Testing Association, Chadd's Ford, Pa. "Observations on the Dairy Methods in the Ayrshire Country" JOHN R. VALENTINE, Esq. Highland Farm, Bryn Mawr, Pa. (Second Page) 90 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW MAY 25th Dairy Farm Sanitation and Hygiene Hon. H. W. COMFORT, Presiding Castaneo Dairy Company, Fallsington, Pa. "Cow Stable Construction — Improving Old Barns" DR. M. E. CONARD West Grove, Pa. "Care of and Cooling Milk on the Farm" MR. A. B. HUEY Secretary, Interstate Milk Producers' Association, Lenape, Pa. "Influence of Methods of Milking and of Handling Milk on the Quality" MR. CLARENCE B. LANE Philadelphia "Purpose of the Recommendations of the Philadelphia Milk Commission" DR. C. J. MARSHALL State Veterinarian "Dairy Farm Inspection" DR. JOHN P. TURNER Department of Health, District of Columbia DR. H. B. FELTON Department of Public Health and Charities, Phila- delphia "Sanitary Milk Production from the Producer's Standpoint" DR. C. M. SELTZER Spring Brook Farms, Hatboro, Pa. "Economical Feeding of Dairy Cows" PROF. H. E. VanNORMAN School of Agriculture, State College, Pa. (Third Page) PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE MAY 26th Distribution of Milk 1 91 Hon. JOHN D. NICHOLS, Presiding President, International Milk Dealers' Association "Sanitary Milk" DR. A. S. WHEELER Biltmore Farms, Biltmore, N. C. "Distribution of Milk in Large Cities" PROF. B. H. RAWL Chief, Dairy Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal In- dustry "Safeguarding the Handling and Distribu- tion of Milk by the Dealer" DR. NELSON C. DAVIS Sanitarian for H. B. Hood & Sons, Charlestown, Mass. "The Qualifications of Good Milk" DR. D. H. BERGEY Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania "Description of a Modern City Pasteur- izing Plant" MR. LOTON HORTON President, Sheffield Farms-Slawson Decker Company, New York, N. Y. "Scientific Control of the Output of Pas- teurizing and Bottling Plants" DR. CHARLES E. NORTH Chairman, Committee on Sanitation, Bacteriology and Public Health of the New York Milk Committee "The Sanitary Side of the Milk Question" DR. JOHN A. AMYOT Professor of Hygiene, University of Toronto; Bac- teriologist, Provincial Board of Health, Toronto, Canada (Fourth Page) APPENDIX D Educational Leaflets. 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"° •- E c u«B^ JJ 3 j. g « ^ 3 « 1.S I E ■- 43 w 3 J c, ? -° __ Cl !-> j, — 3 CO U e o 5 *3 bo 8- EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 97 bo v O T3 is " bo O £ £ -* £ ra *" _ o 0) oj S o q o js — 4-1 (J ■« *J H -3 £- « E <° - V HI « o c o 13 _ 2 — *S ■J! «i _>,.£ — _oj ■5 "° B T3 .52 °J — -8 .c •= >,.* .3 o c oat; b 73 o a > 52 6-5 o '53 X b .5 & a ff 6 .2 2 -3 H 1/) t3 — to -a o o .a *a c. 3 ~ ~ ~ -a £ <« .SPSj ■*3 •■- o "- •S xi 3 TJ r3 u H 3 8 • £ a 4> en C 55 tU 3 id =6 -^ 2 8 ts 2 to — c ee ™ to cm c ° E 2 E ■3 .^ <* 2 o o O. t/S § J! y P o .8-* 4J O U 11 , a "3 TO o TO S en O . - u £ C jS TO O ui T) ^ u — c c u, w TO rt .a ja ni tS o (I'D JS s ■S X i5 "*^ . ^ VJ H ° 5 ■3 .E c ^ 8 « E-H •a ^_ • 4) S -. , i ° o a a E o c 4) o w ^ J= O 1) T5 3 u> '55 q bo 4, ii bo £ 2 O o .a ^ u C a * C T3 — QJ =1 E TO 4) Ti ■5 " £ tt £ S 4i !2 S 2 a 0. 9 bo 5 bo "5 ■* 7S , CO ~~ J^ •O TO 01 TO Ifl tn a 3 a in XI TO a C T3 C (/) c rr 2 3 .a 1/) E TO a OJ J= J< "to Q. in M E 01 u 1 X V 3 2 0> X •a cr D c CO CO O > O hn XI u. 0) 1-1 TO X r/1 ^ a; TO ■a b -C a3 c 01 O rt X d X 4) «> 2 rt S 2 6 TO g (fi 41 X E |js Ji 1.8 S § 98 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW "8 O "•OBI . a; ^ H CO Q. 3? o x ; -5 J2 -5 o I == 'fi § 22 ° B — 3 ■£ aj =5 Ji & 5 o ^ oi > _ "O j: j it - 3 « (d C « O » »1 Si S ^ Ji ° ° =* £ o ~ £ « — ai "S s ^ 2 £ y £ 2 in O X cd 60 "3 T3 *g S 0, ±! 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J3 & •£ 8 £ 2 5 is "O 33 •£ ^5 4» buO < .w (J U * * s 5* - 3! ,° •5 H w W 4mM "5 .ts n " CO i- CO PU OB W) 3 4-* ■*=» C/) o 03 J£ J3 K •5 E 5 ° -S •= E •5 5 *» "3 & >« sj t: I I I S u g j^- =s .5 = « 2 '§ u •5 ° •5 — =; ~ j= — cu .2 fcii Ji ■sco; fc , CO •M bo cd c "3 o u 01 XI •a E 14 CO 6 "cd o> X 4) X 5s X "C o o CO V. X 4> jo % 0) c ' 3 cd 01 is c 3 i cd "3 u .£ cd u s cd X o £t XI 4) X 1-. o a 1h 3 "e HI X 15 OU CO CO O CO 3 O X X 3 O B o> X S o 1 1 .X o X £ X! S u. cd o X o o o o> o. Q. E jn 5S «5 u c o 0) 4) C o 1) 3 X c cd ca X cd X 'bo J* 1 co X Q. to O e 4) X cd co X a cd J* 1 0> X C 0) X c X cd X 0) X o c bo .5 ">» •a 0) 3 CO ai u ^ ed [eg o> in 3 CD III 3 o X cd 0) X o £ bo H X H H H H (- H H X cd X f- c e- ^ Z CD Z Z Z o X X z z Z Z Z 3 Q x 0) (0 3 O 0) (0 3 o he O O" o o o o 0) O O. Q Q t3 o V) Q Q bp '33 c cd Q » 2 bo Q E u cd Q Q o Q 4) w Hj X — -a E -S % •£ 2 £ 3 X HI en O a. X 0) ai £ 1 3 a. 6 o o u £ a. 01 Ol X o X Cd > cd Z Z 0) '£ Z •a a> -a Z tri at Z 1- o £ o> bo Z o o O cd o o cd o a o -a c c Q in c T> 3 O o IS in c C m bo > rt bo c bo tU to 3 u u tu > .5 a5 bo I* i/i >> §5 J3 O c c H 4= 3 O Z J= 4) a; c 0) o o O O V) a Q o c Q Q 1 bo c "2 rt 3 £> o o 102 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW a. c 0) o > ^i b" to £j O. <0 4^ ° to . .ti g bis & 2 43 S "> 43-* •a s 3 "» B)tC iQjt! ° •- £ bo c o c .S-5-o * .§2 Z or Crf 3 43 Q ■"•- o s -sis < z. z 5 c .5 4) . k ■£ bo jo t! O -^ « « £ O P 43 ,~ Q.M o £ .5 £ x> _- g o ~ S~ •- tn_ ~ b=] boS S o ■s Pi ill a o m y o O «^! 43 O «= •?i.s a. > otS 8 s g. S tS & «■> 5 s Q -5 a e x-o 3 •S * «§H.* ~ c ?3 . - ii S O ~ §_ v -O .2 u i2 D.T3 °-43 tS ^ « g„ c _ »«■„£ to °-g-o < BE ". «, «j J^ Ji! «J a E. £ & £ a. co 5 ois-5 bog-a c ca c o rt .5 -a j: 2 2.SK3" O ^ 43 XI U ™ M K Hi D « ° g to".? >, in ft!) S„ "5 4>-§ « & "e •£ t- .S2 i2 §1 r- i to ** -n »- .5 « e -2 « & iS Sf 2 --"to _ it CXto . O o D 2 >^ £.!£-&! 4JT3 2 "I ^3=1 boU, tc .S c u c a) u to •— . >» P - 5 boc ^ rt « o E ■43 bO 4= u_ K "S3 rt o. ado O) "^ 1 E " ■3 d ■£ 4j 43 J> O) CO Q i: a, gj ^ c a o « ^ - — .£> S'Bfl « 40 ■" 04* erf _ ^ c W 4) 3 0) O" S2 43 mats U5 ..» s-8c _^i C XI Q. t u co to to -r- 33 S 3 ai s o ^: 43 v> u ■g .B t a - s " tu 'to — 2 *a •2go*§-g b°.s§!8 ■a fc » S &' o ° is y ." o o ? S EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 103 * PPS-Sg. *2lB -fifSHS &p~§3~ E - C- « S c i2 ~ — 0) C_Otncd— °- .„ t .O Xij^j * .s.« §?=§:§* I-2 3 Hi- 1 1 S-sS-sB a & 8 s.SiSjB|^i ■&! 511 lift*** ig^^^-a ;.!« 3illst- E l > ?i w sl giiffsio infill it g jsiisfl I 11 §1 5 4413 1 I hhl&i "ire »Sc ae S - c _ a. £ aT\3 fc: _= S L e _ o.-t:= ln) -SD,,~.- y 2 ^ 0C3. £ B _- j= tn -Ot*S 2 Ojji;,, O^ognj-Eu. 1 y mi in is i nil »a» s mi § yiiii. a 104 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW c« O -g V. — \C Q C 4) s a " 8 bo — 0> C ■ 6 2 £5 O 7 8 B e c ° *: :=:■-** o •° ^ 6 o .2 O O -O Q. ^ — 2 O 1 <-> z - -£ ^ o> a. * o> c at c * 53 E * 3 o> o c 2 £ — c o — — ^ t a 0> *■• > tn 5 01 •S x o ■i. tt o J£ >, n C a Q. •o (fl (A 0) O c id o J* -3 " . 8 ^ •— 2 r o> a s o 5 "> Q m * li •"" j3 .c c C a 3 a. «1 "O o O a tn -C c ° 1 - — W O 1 5 - ■* C TJ '2 - •o 3 S 8 Q. 01 tJ "u J= 2 Oi "*" Q. M •« - n ^ S DQ Q ^ w rt P-l EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 105 Leaflet No. 10 What do You know about Milk? C You can get valuable infor- mation without cost in the fol- lowing United States Govern- ment Documents. Report of a special committee appointed by the Washington Chamber of Commerce to investigate the milk situation in the District of Columbia. 1911. Senate doc. 863. 61 Cong. 3 Sess. ^37 pages. Milk in its relation to the public health. 1909. Bui. 56, Hygienic Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hosp. Sen. 83b pages. The history, development and statistics of milk charities in the United States, 1910. Reprint from Pub. Health Reports 50, U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hos. Sen. 22 pages. The milk supply of two hundred cities and towns. 1903. Bui. 46, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 210 pages. _ _ Sanitary milk production. Report of a conference appointed by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. 1907. Cir. Ilk, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 38 pages. The unsuspected but dangerously tuberculous cow. 1907. Cir. 118, Bur. of Animal Industry^ U. S. Dept. of Agric. 19 pages. The score-card system of dairy inspection. 1909. Cir. 139, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 32 pages. Some important factors in the production of sanitary milk. 1909. Cir. H2, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 22 pages Competitive exhibitions of milk and cream, with report of an exhibition held at Pitts- burgh, Pa., in cooperation with the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce. 1909. Cir. 151, Bur. of Animal Industry, 36 pages. . _ The dissemination of disease by dairy products and methods for prevention. 1910. Cir. 153, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 51 pages. Milk transportation; freight rates to the largest fifteen cities in the United btates. iww. Bui. 25, Bur. of Statistics, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 60 pages. The dairy herd; its formation and arrangement. 1904. Farmers' Bui. 55, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 29 pages. Care of milk on the farm. 1906. Farmers' Bui. 63, U. S. Dept. of Agric. Ifi pages. Breeds of dairy cattle. 1899. Farmers' Bui. 106, U. S. Dept. of Agric. ^8 pages. Bacteria in milk. 1909. Farmers' Bui. 3h8, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 2h pages. O The use of milk as food. 1909. Farmers' Bui. 363, U. S. Dept. of Agric. U pages. The care of milk and its use in the home. 1910. Farmers' Bui. U3, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 20 pages. Apply to your Congressman or to the Bureau or Department Concerned CITIZENS' BUSINESS, No. 17 Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDING 106 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW APPENDIX E Application Blank and Contract for Commercial Exhibits. Size: 8% Inches by 11 Inches. 0ttUti» Honorary Chairman, Hon. JuHN E. Reyburn Chairman. DR. JOSfcPH S. NeFT Vlce-Cha,rman, Dr. ChaRLES J. H AT FIELD Secretary, Da JOSEPH Walsh Treasurer. Mft. E. T. STOTESBURY Execution Secretary. Ml. ARTHUR E. Post f iyUatelplria ililk fclprai May 20th to 27th CEtjatrntMi of GobuMOkb '. J. Byron Deacon, Sezrdarp 'Department of 'Public Health and Charities J£ilk Commission of the 'Philadelphia 'Pediatric Society Veterinary 'Department of the University of 'Pennsylvania {Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia And Many Other Co-operating Jiaenda Pabtidtu Dr. )euc D. Bark* Secehsu Procuring ExhtbUt Or. Frank A. Cniz. 5tcat«v Conference of Heattit Officer* Mr. Jona A. Votfaon Education Dainj Institutions and Milk CoataH Social OisanUato/a » Gertrude Lady. Seawtmrt Office. Tloom 588. Cty Hall Philadelphia APPLICATION FOR SPACE FOR COMMERCIAL EXHIBIT %bj S. VlaOm 1911 OR. JOSEPH WALSH. Chairman Committee on Commercial Exhibits of the Philadelphia Milk Show. 732 Pine Street. Philadelphia, Pa. You ere hereby authorized to reserve (or our use the Exhibit. Hall of the Philadelphia Milk Show: the _ agree to pay 50% of the charge for space immediately on ac- knowledgment of reservation acd the remaining 50% on May 19th. — agree to abide by all requirements and restrictions mentioned on the reverse side of this sheet Printed on letter head of committee on procuring exhibits (Front) APPLICATION BLANK AND CONTRACT FOR EXHIBITS 107 REGULATIONS REGARDING COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS The Philadelphia Milk Show will be held at 809 Chestnut Street, from Saturday morning. May 20th, to Saturday evening. May 27th. The Hall will be open for the installation of exhibits for several days before the public opening. All exhibits must be in place by Friday, May 1 9th. The charge for space will be $.50 per square foot. Exhibitors must pay 50% of the charges for space immediately on acknowledgment of reservation and the remaining 50% on May 19th, 1911. Exhibitors are expected to attend to the installation of their own exhibits, and a certain amount of uniformity will be required. No subletting of space will be permitted. No refund will be made for space ordered and once accepted. The Philadelphia Milk Show will not be responsible to exhibitors against loss of any kind. Exhibitors must agree to make no unwarranted claims and be guided in this regard by the opinion of the Censor Committee of the Milk Show. All exhibits are subject to censorship and may be ordered withdrawn at any time if found objectionable. In the event of an exhibit being ordered withdrawn, a refund of rental corresponding to the remaining days of the exhibit will be made. The transfer of articles in sale during the course of the exhibit is prohibited. A description of the exhibit should accompany the application for space. (Reverse) APPENDIX F Entry Blank for Milk and Cream Contests. Size: 8 Inches by 10% Inches Class 6, market milk 1 (The ent blank f op each dags wag the C ass 7, market cream game ^ ^ tion o{ the clasg Class 8, certified milk , heading in the middle of the front side) Class 9, certified cream J Philadelphia Milk Show MILK AND CREAM CONTEST PHILADELPHIA, PA. MAY 20-27. 1911 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture Only this Official Entry Blank will be Accepted CLASS 6, MARKET MILK Gentlemen i Please enter for me four quarts of market milk in competition for prizes offered by the Philadelphia Milk Show, in accordance with the conditions herein prescribed. Proprietor Manager Post Office Address - Date ™„.I9II ft) Competition in milk and cream department is open to all milk and cream producers in the United States and Canada. (2) Producers of Market MQk may compete in both Market Milk and Market Cream classes. (3) Producers of Certified Milk may Compete in both Certified Milk and Certified Cream classes. (4) Producers of milk can make but one entry in any one class. (5) Producers of Certified Milk or Certified Cream are barred from competition in Market Milk and Market Cream classes. All samples of certified milk and cream must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a Medical Milk Commission. (6) Entries in milk classes consist o' 4 quarts of milk in quart bottles. (7) Entries in cream classes consist of 4 pints of cream in pint bottles. (8) All entries of milk and cream after scoring become the property of the United States Department of Agriculture. (9) No exhibitor will be entitled to a medal or diploma who does not make answer to each question, sign declaration, and forward this official entry blank to G. M. Whitaker, Superintendent of Milk and Cream Exhibits, care of Veterinary School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Reprint of entry blank of class 6 (Front) ENTRY BLANK FOR MILK AND CREAM CONTESTS 109 HOW TO COMPETE Milk entered to compete for prizes, must be sent by express or otherwise, from station nearest the producer direct to G. ^Witoker, Superintendent, Milk and Cream Exhibit, Care of G. H. McKay, Reading Termmal Market and Cold Storage, 1118 Arch Street", Philadelphia, Pa. Fxnress charzes on exhibits must be prepaid to destination. ... , . , j u m v. Rottle! must be carefully packed, caps should be sealed, making bottle air tight, and both the top of bottle and cap should be protected" ithpaperTmetal or other material, and all covered with crushed ice sufficient to maintain a low temperature dunng traI1S Th?P^ 1 kage should be plainly addressed on outside. A card should also be tacked on box, on inside, giving plainly sender'. ^faUffi aS milk entered t£3u£££g ofSne age when scored, it is hereby specified that i, shall be produced on Mondav Mai 15* and "shipped 1 and delivered to express company at once. This is necessary for perfectly fair compet.tion. A represenStive Hof Ae Department of Agriculture will be in Philadelphia to take charge of the milk on its amval and see that it is properly cared for. QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED IN DETAIL BY EXHIBITORS OF MILK 1. On what day and hour was the sample of milk, entered in this show, drawn? .. - — - 2. How many cows contributed to the sample of milk entered?™ »•..• • ■»•■-«- - — — 3. How many cows in your herd are now giving milk ?...„, ,... -•— • «-»— — """" 4. How long since the cows contributing to the sample of milk freshened? (Average time) „, — - 5. Are the cows supplying this sample, grade or pure bred?. w , .„.„^.^,^.—v ...^...^.-...-o.-™-— »,.-.— . —= > IS pure bred, give name of breed ....- ,».„■„„. ™ ,„,.....^»„.-,...< ™» >•■-- -« — «™»— — 6. What kind and amount of feed was given cows daily during the week preceding the production of this sample of milk? Were cows cleaned previous to milking? . If so, describe method of cleaning — 8. Were cows in stable or out of doors when the sample of milk was drawn? „^.™~.~. - K in stable, how was stable cared for?...,.. *-. — „,...,.......- — - - - ■""■- ~" "**— 9. What precautions were taken by milkers as regards cleanliness of clothing and hands?.,.„.„ _»~. — 10. How many milkers were engaged in milking the sample entered? „..„. -.— . — ■ 11. What kind of pails were used, narrow or wide top?.- — - - 12. How were pails cleaned previous to use? „ - - 13. Was milk drawn from the cow direct into pail or through cloth cover or cotton filter? -» 14. What method of straining milk, if any, was followed? „..._„ -_ — 15. How long after milk was drawn from cows before it was cooled?... .... — — ™ ™„«. .- - - 16. Describe milk cooler, if any was used =„. ..,.».». - 17. How was miJk cooler prepared for use? - - - - 18. To what temperature was milk cooled ?. ....^„.»,....„....„,., - - 19. How were bottles and caps prepared for use ? „.... , — ...._ » --■■ 20 What bottling process was used or what method of bottling was followed? ...„ ., — .«.— - 21 How was milk cared for after bottling and previous to shipment? — „ - — — — — 22. Give date and hour when milk was (or will be) shipped. „™.. n „„ «• 23. Do you wish shipping cases and bottles returned at your expense? - -»■»■» 24. Have you previously exhibited milk or cream at any local, state or national show? „ Remarks ,„....,.....*„■•.. - »■ — «— ■ ~— - - ( M do hei by declare each and every statement in answer to the above V e8t5o^roe''ab^lmei7we. I do f^'emorTd^ that the milk submitted by me in this contest is the pure natural product, free from preservatives, and that it has not been heated or changed in any way. Proprietor. Manager ( Reverse) 110 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW APPENDIX G Reprints of a Few Press Comments From The Outlook, New York City, July 29: THE SPECTATOR Gay with red, white and blue bunting, with a big electric sign above the entrance, the Milk Show opened its hospitable doors free to all comers. And how they came! Entrances in the front of the store building on one street, exits at the back to the street behind, and big uniformed Philadelphia policemen passing the crowd through, and yet it remained always a dense crowd— orderly, eager and intensely in earnest to see and understand. " To enlighten, not to frighten," was the motto over the front entrance, and the enlightenment was everywhere, from the bacilli cultures in the show windows to the model dairy barns and the certified milk exhibited inside. Those bacilli cultures had a crowd three feet deep all the while around the window, yet they were very simple — just two jars with a little milk in each one. In one jar a single fly sported in the milk; in the other a dozen were enjoying themselves bathing and drinking, while a big placard read: If it takes i fly 3 hours to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar A and 12 flies 5 minutes to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar B How long will it take you to kill all the flies in YOUR HOME ? Daily at 3 P. M. the results of the con- tamination will be demonstrated. There was demonstration enough inside— colored charts of the fifty-seven varieties of bacilli, enlarged and colored until one was reminded of the small school-boy who, when he saw one of Turner's sunsets, remarked seriously, "That looks like the inside of a drunkard's stomach!" Ovens for baking milk and killing all bacteria and every kind and sort of sterilizing process were displayed on all sides. A series of round glass affairs for cultivating germs in scientific style were ranged on shelves, where the public could see just how they grew, and this held a double row of gazers all the while, the white spots of colonies under the glass speaking for themselves. One chart showed a milk-can with radiating lines to the different streets of a small town, and the legend: "Hightown — 2,000 population. Diphtheria, 28 cases and 11 deaths — traced to boy who washed milk-can." On the other side of the same aisle, in mute, delightful testimony of contrasted safety, rose rows of shining glass bottles full of pure, creamy milk, set among green ferns and foliage, and served by smiling, spotless houris in white aprons, who did a rushing trade every minute. "Look first upon this picture, and then on that" did not fail in its age- long educational effect, even on the children. There were [hundreds of] children there, by the way. They came from that part of the city where the milk usually is at its worst. The public schools sent them, the street car company transported them free of charge, and twenty-five hundred each day were shepherded through the Show. Their little feet came trotting and shuffling along, and that day's contingent seemed to be about ten years old, on the average, with descents occasionally as low as five. Americans, Irish, Germans, Jews, Poles, Italians, Slavs, Negroes — they succeeded one another like waves of the cosmopolitan future. They were halted in squads before this exhibit and that, and stared impartially, round-eyed, at the bacilli, the modified milk machinery, and the silver trophy cups which, nine in number, showed that clean milk is a sporting proposition nowadays. What they really liked best, though, were the four models of dairy barns, com- REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 111 plete down to the last detail, cows, horses, and all, with the farmer standing in his barnyard like Noah with the ark. "Excellent," "Good," "Fair," "Bad," the four models were labeled, and the "Excellent" one was truly a pleasant sight, with its two rows of fat doll cattle standing on the wide, unpartitioned, clean floor, lighted by big windows, and spotlessly kept. "Good" showed horses kept in the same barn, and some carelessness in keeping things in order. "Fair" was in worse disorder still, and not so well lighted or arranged. As for "Bad," with its higgledy-piggledy horses, cows, and sheep, its piled trash in every corner, its many partitions, its lack of light, its realistically dirty barnyard and grimy farmer, it was an object lesson indeed. "It's the usual kind, though," commented a dairyman behind the Spectator. "Get out into the country, and you'll find it everywhere. There are more farmers every year building new barns right, of course — but the old barns!" Evidently the Milk Show had thought of this side of it, too, for a lecture in connection with it was announced, the Spectator saw, for the next day, on "Improving Old Barns." Many practical problems were illuminated at the Milk Show. For example, the question " How far should the milk in a bottle reach ?" was illustrated by pictures, showing that unless the milk came up as far as the stopple, leaving no visible space below the cap, it was short weight, so to speak. "What do you know about the ice-cream sold by street venders ?" was another awakening query. "We can tell you" — and then followed statistics and pictures calculated to ruin the careless ice-cream street trade. Bacteriological specimens of ice-cream from the State Laboratory backed up the placard. The Spectator has always heard of the fame of Philadelphia ice-cream, but the street venders of the city evidently use another kind. The glass milk bottle, too, came in for its share of criticism. It used to be progressive — of course it is still a vast improvement on the dip-tank, against which Massachusetts women have lately declared war — but now the march of milk improvement has distanced it. The glass bottle is expensive, therefore must be returned and used again. This makes its cleanliness problematical. At the Milk Show the paraffined paper bottle or container, used once only by the milkman, was displayed in several forms. It is ideally sanitary, and has now been improved past several objections. "You can see through it now," explained one dealer to another, discussing its merits. "It used to be opaque, and the customers always said the bottle wasn't full. Now you can show 'em how high the milk comes. The only thing I'm not sure about is, will the fluting inside the neck catch the cream and waste some of it ? It has to be fluted to allow for the expansion, so that it won't burst, like a glass bottle, if the milk freezes. It's a good proposition — we're going to put it in." From such experts as these the Spectator heard the opinion that it was "a first-rate Show"; so they, as well as the children, were a satisfied audience. Also it was Woman's Day. The Civic Club had sent out invitations to all the women's clubs of eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, and the members came, shoals of them, to look at the Show and listen to two special lectures by women. One was on the house-fly, the other on the babies of the tenement and the way to give them clean milk. The Spectator is almost sorry for the house-fly. It always was doomed when it got into the home of an old-fashioned good housekeeper. But she only killed it on the premises. To-day the housekeeper is leaving home, with her loins girded, to track down the fly before it reaches her gates. She is treating the fly by community methods, and she now calls it "the typhoid fly," which settles it. "House-fly" was an amiable, intimate name, which left it optional whether to kill or spare. But " Shoo fly ! " has now changed to " Kill that fly ! " and even the most careless housekeeper feels the difference. The lecturer of the day had numberless lantern slides illustrating the best methods of fly capture. One simple wire trap was shown, placed over a garbage-can near an ice-cream parlor. In fifteen minutes this trap had broken the record with twenty- five hundred flies captured. In Worcester, Massachusetts, the boys had placed these fly-traps on tomato-cans in which a little refuse was put as a bait, and had caught flies ad infinitum. For these flies they were paid so much a hundred, and there were so many thousands of insects captured that they were used as fertilizer! A special stamp bearing the household words "Kill That Fly" had been in- vented by the lecturer, and is now being extensively used by the women's clubs and charitable societies on their mail this summer. The Russell Sage Foundation placard was a great favorite. It was a series on the plan of the Industrious and the Idle Apprentice. Five cartoons showed the causes and effect of dirty milk— the dirty cow in the cow-shed, the dirty can and transportation, the dirty dip-tank at the grocer's, the dirty kitchen in the tenement, and the dying baby in its distracted mother's arms. Five others showed alluringly the Clean Milk idea — the clean cow and dairyman, the clean glass bottle and shipment, the clean milk station, the clean ice-pail in the tenement, and the healthy child, cooing and comfortable, being weighed by the smiling mother. Another great success was a chart asserting that "Milk is the only safe food for infants — these are dangerous!" and showing, finely drawn and colored, an assemblage of pictures, one after another, of an ear of corn, a cucumber pickle, a cone of ice-cream, a pretzel, an apple, a banana, a bottle of soda water, a large, lucious slice of watermelon, and a cup of coffee or tea. 112 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Near this was a photograph of a group of school girls learning how to take care of babies, and another of a class of mothers learning how to prepare milk. A young German couple stood entranced before these photographs, arm in arm. They had left the baby at home, but they were talking about it. "They are from the Settlement," some one explained. " Crowds of people from the slums are coming every day, so as to learn how to keep the babies alive through the hot summer." The number of poorly dressed women who were crowded three deep around a nurse who was explaining how to keep milk in a home- made ice-box with the least quantity of ice impressed this information still more deeply on the Spec- tator. Here was the ultimate consume!- — the very small consumer, and yet the very important one, too. It was for this reason, and for many others, a very hopeful Show. It was a get-together Show for the dairyman, the middle-man, the buyer of milk, on the one hopeful plane of " Clean Milk." The Massachusetts slogan, "We don't want dirty milk," might have been used by the lecturers, exhibitors, audience, and all. Like the fly, dirty milk is doomed. The twenty-first century will know it no more than it will the yellow-fever mosquito. Instead will come the millennium which the Mother Goose of the Milk Show pictures so alluringly: These are the cows with the coats like silk Who give the clean and wholesome milk; These are the stables sweet and clean, The finest stables ever seen, Where dwell those cows, etc. These are the milkers in suits of white Who milk the cows each morn and night That dwell in the stables, etc. This is the dairy, all complete With apparatus clean and neat, Where the milk is cooled below forty degrees And bottled straightway in jars like these, Then sealed air-tight with paraffin (No dirt and germs can enter in), Then packed in boxes with lots of ice, And shipped to the city, this milk so nice, From the pails of the milkers in suits of white Who milk the cows each morn and night That dwell in the stables sweet and clean, The finest stables ever seen Where live the cows with coats of silk Who give the clean and wholesome milk. No wonder the Milk Show was draped in red, white and blue. No wonder that [over seventeen] thousand people crowded to see it that day, listened to its lectures, and sat applauding in its moving- picture shows. When a city forgets politics and gets down to a real community question like pure milk, it is a thing to be noted. The Milk Millennium is on its way, marching in the trotting feet of the school- children — and therefore sure to arrive! Editorial in the Philadelphia North American, May 21 : A CHILD-WELFARE EXHIBIT John Dewey, pyschologist, says: "The indefinite improvement of humanity and the cause of the little child are inseparably bound together." Few of the good men and women who are giving freely of their time and talents and money would be able to define their interest as anything but an expression of humane tendencies. And yet it is some thing more, this almost universal concern for children. It is the turning of the face of the race to the future. Up to the present civilized races have been to some degree ancestor worshipers. Where this was manifested in the most extreme form, as in the case of the Chinese, it stopped all progress, and the race stood still for cycles of time. But the Chinese are not the only people who have turned their faces to the past. From the days when man first came blinking into the light of reason, he has contemplated the mystery of his origin and put his forbears high among his gods. REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 113 There is reason to believe that the new social recognition of the child may be the dawning of another epoch, the beginning of a new philosophy, based on the truth that the generation in the course of formation is of much greater importance to the progress of the race than the generations which have passed away. While child-welfare workers have followed their generous impulses rather than cold philosophy, those impulses are themselves an assertion of the elemental instincts for the perpetuation of the species. * * * There was opened yesterday in this city a child-welfare exhibit. It was not called by that name, but is, nevertheless, of prime importance to the children of this city. The Philadelphia Milk Show at 809 Chestnut Street is a child-welfare exhibit. True, it deals only with one phase of the great subject. But just at this time that phase is one of the most important of all. The city is entering upon the season when death stalks barefaced among the babies. Almost every infant born into the world is endowed with all the vitality it needs to carry it to vigorous maturity. Yet, as the flashing red light at the entrance to the Milk Show indicates, a baby under 1 year of age dies every ten seconds of the day and night. One-half of these deaths are preventable within the established facts of human knowledge. The most deadly single cause — the one almost as fatal as all the other principal causes of death — is bad milk. The Milk Show — our little child-welfare exhibition — aims to teach the people how to save the lives of their babies by assuring a supply of clean, wholesome milk. A bulletin issued by the Chicago department of health in connection with the child- welfare exhibit in that city gives the following cau- tions, which we think well to quote in this connection : Many babies will die this summer for want of natural food (breast milk). More will die because of poisoned food (contaminated cow's milk). Many will be saved if given certified milk, the cost of a cigar and a glass of beer. Remember this at the funeral. Germs which sicken and kill babies grow rapidly in milk unless it is kept very cold on ice. Every time the bottle is opened more germs may get in. To head them off, take the cold bottle from the milkman's hands, wash and dry the outside of the bottle and put it on ice. Wash your hands well before removing the stopper with a boiled fork. Do not breathe upon the milk. Stir or dip with a boiled spoon. Pour into boiled feeding bottle. Add boiled water or gruel which has been in a covered Mason jar on ice. Replace the stopper immediately and return to ice. Protect baby against cats, dogs, flies, other children and your own carelessness. Never save a part of unused food; never warm over. Make up each feeding fresh. Never boil good, fresh certified milk for the baby. Never use any other kind. It is a crime to feed poor milk. If the food disagrees, weaken it. If baby sickens, stop feeding and call a doctor. We know that the reference to this excerpt to certified milk will seem hopeless to many. The price is prohibitive to the struggling masses, where the infant mortality is greatest. But the men who got up the Milk Show are the ones who prepared a monumental report showing how certified milk may be supplied to the entire city at a cost of only a cent a quart more than what is now paid for an uncertain product. That is the meaning of the milk commission's report, of which the Show is a concrete exhibit. It is of vital — we use the word in its truest sense — it is of vital importance to the babies of this city. Editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger, May 21 : THE MILK SHOW It is a remarkable exposition of the science of pure milk production that is now in progress at 809 Chestnut Street, under the auspices of the Department of Public Health and Charities, the milk com- mission of the Pediatric Society, the veterinary school of the University, the Bureau of Municipal Research, and other co-operating agencies. The exhibits make as plain as possible the difference be- tween good milk and bad, and the conditions that are responsible for the difference in quality are graphi- cally illustrated by object lessons, whose meaning must be clear even to the illiterate observer. Here, for instance, is the model of a cow bam of the old unsanitary type, in all particulars faith- fully reproducing the filth and noisomeness; and next it is a stable on the new order, with the cattle well fed, sleek and clean. Here, again, is a complete pasteurizing apparatus in operation, showing the process of sterilization. There are cross-sections plainly revealing diseased conditions in cattle — condi- tions generallv ignored by dairymen until a few years ago — the bacteriological tests are exhaustively illustrated. Not the least interesting exhibit is that of a row of bottles of several sizes, demonstrating the proportion of "raw" milk to that of the pasteurized and certified product. Photographs eloquently supplement the story told by the models and other object lessons, and finally there is a moving-picture 8 114 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW exhibition which shows how bad milk made a baby sick, and as a result a sweeping reform in dairy management was effected by the remorseful parent. Finally, the lesson of the exhibits themselves is valuably enforced in a series of lectures by persons of wide knowledge and experience. A visitor to the Milk Show cannot fail to be impressed by the disinterestedness of those who have arranged for the unique display. Like the City Planning Exhibition, it is an index of the broad and generous spirit of humanitarianism prevalent in this community. Those who have had any part in the laborious arrangement deserve the congratulations and the thanks of the entire community, and the results are sure to justify their praiseworthy undertaking. Editorial in the Brockton, Mass., Times, May 22: A MILK SHOW In Philadelphia they are having a Milk Show, not to demonstrate the superiority of various breeds of cattle, but to educate the people in the proper care and use of milk, and the people of the city raised a fund of $8000 to make this exposition possible. Demonstrations are given of methods of caring for milk from the time it is taken from the cow until it is fed to children and adults, and so valuable is the exposition considered by the school authorities that half-holidays are allowed the children, in order that they may attend. The head of the Philadelphia health department says of the Show that it will pur- chase the lives of thousands of babies and will also educate mothers, who will receive free lessons in the pasteurizing and modification of milk, and how to feed and care for children, so that not only the little ones of to-day, but those of future years will be safeguarded. This is the kind of a Show that is worth while, and Philadelphia sets an example that might well be followed in other communities, the milk problem, especially at this season, being much more than a question of price. Editorial in the Yonkers, N. Y., Statesman, May 25: PROVIDE SAFE MILK The Milk Exhibition in Philadelphia gives a vivid example of the vital difference between new and old methods of dealing with social evils. For 50 years, since the exposures began of swill-fed cattle and pigs in New York, it has been known that the milk supply of a great city needed improved inspection and safeguards. But the usual way has been to reach this by exposure, by attack and by the endeavor to make evils visible. This was the old method. The new method recognizes that nothing can be done without educa- tion and furnishing new opportunities to obtain the best. It proposes to reach conditions. It is com- paratively useless to pass laws and ordinances in regard to milk, to make exposures of poor milk, and to enact a better standard unless public opinion is educated to understand how milk, which is scarcely ever deleterious when it comes from the cow, is injured in milking, in pouring into cans, in carriage and in distribution; what harm these impurities do and the way to meet them. The Milk Exhibition does this by an object lesson which will come home to everyone who sees it. Every day children die because, in spite of all pains, instruction and effort, they have been fed on milk which was in a condition certain to do harm. Now honest dealers, taking this lesson to heart, provide the means by which milk can be furnished in exactly the right condition for children. Thus consumers find in milk safe nutriment for children during the hot days. From the Boston, Mass., Evening Transcript, May 31: THE CLINIC On Saturday in Philadelphia there closed a week and a day of discussion of milk, bringing out to an extent not heretofore accomplished in this country a sober and sensible consideration of the subject of milk in its many phases, accompanying an exhibition the purpose and tt • Ayr-it- •" <* .. * O N ' JO ■