5252 fl5 0a y 2 rersity oi the State ol New York Bulletin as second-class matter August 2, 1013, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, iqi2 Published fortnightly No. 715 ALBANY, N. Y, August 1, 1920 ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 3 Division of Vocational and Exten- sion Education 5 Definition of a part-time school . . 6 The law and the regulations of the Regents 6 Part-time schools required to be established 6 Sessions of part-time schools ... 8 Courses of study 8 Attendance regulations and' establishment of sufficient schools 9 Required attendance of minors . 1 1 Survey required 12 Regents required to establish regulations 13 Penalties for failure to comp y with attendance pro visions .. . 13 Provisions affecting employers of minors 13 Powers and duties of local boards of education and the Commissioner of Education . . 14 Penalty for failure to establish part-time schools . 14 Advisory board 15 Authority of local board of education 15 State aid 16 Regulations as to licensing of teachers 17 Inspection and reports 18 PAGE Annual submission of plan as to part-time schools 18 Distribution of the Smith- Hughes funds 19 Recommendations of Commis- sioner of Education 21 Purpose of part-time schools ... 21 Courses of study 21 Supervision 24 Employment and service of teachers 25 Central school for part-time pupils 26 The assembly 27 Need and purpose of reservoir class 27 Separate classes for boys and girls 28 Placement of children 28 Special methods and features of teaching. 29 Unification of instruction 29 Relation between evening classes and part-time classes 30 Relation of the part-time to the full-time school 30 Certificates 30 Buildings and equipment 31 Attendance on Saturday morn- . ing 32 Bibliography on part-time educa- tion 33 ALBANY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK I920 T62r-D2O-3000 (7-4677) THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University With years when terms expire (Revised to January 17. 1021) 1926 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Chancellor - - Palmyra 1927 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Albany 1922 Chester S. Lord M.A. LL.D. ----- Brooklyn 1930 William Nottingham M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse 1924 Adelbert Moot LL.D. ------- Buffalo 1925 Charles B. Alexander M.A. LL.B. LL.D. Litt. D. ----------- Tuxedo 1928 Walter Guest Kellogg B.A. LL.D. - - - Ogdensburg 1932 James Byrne B.A. LL.B. LL.D. ----- New York 1929 Herbert L. Bridgman M.A. LL.D. - - - - Brooklyn 193 1 Thomas J. Mangan M.A. __--__ Binghamton 1921 William J. Wallin M.A. ------ - Yonkers 1923 William Bondy M.A. LL.B. Ph.D. - - - New York Acting President of the University and Commissioner of Education Frank B. Gilbert B.A. LL.D. Assistant Commissioner and Director of Professional Education Augustus S. Downing M.A. Pd.D. L.H.D. LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education George M. Wiley M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Director of State Library James I. Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Pd.D. Director of Science and State Museum John M. Clarke D.Sc LL.D. Chiefi and Directors of Divisions Administration, Hiram C. Case Archives and History, James Sullivan M.A. Ph.D. Attendance, James D. Sullivan Examinations and Inspections, Avery W. Skinner B.A. Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. LL.D., Counsel Library Extension, William R. Watson B.S. Library School, Edna M. Sanderson B.A. B.L.S. School Buildings and Grounds, Frank H. Wood M.A. School Libraries, Sherman Williams Pd.D. Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. Vocational and Extension Education, Lewis A. Wilson 26192? ™ .ft> ' \ FOREWORD U It was with a clear recognition of the need and right of working children for adequate educational opportunities which would better fit them for their duties as citizens, that the Legislature of 1919 passed and Governor Alfred E. Smith signed the part-time school law, which it seems to me might well be called the " Children's Charter," because of the guarantees which it makes on the part of the State to all children who live in this Commonwealth. I regard boys and girls who early in life enter upon vocational pursuits as peculiarly of concern to the State and I hold as a solemn obligation this great opportunity which has come to us to conserve their interests, for certainly, as never before, may it be truly said that our national future depends upon the ideals of our youth, upon their faith in democracy and their fitness for it. These many thousands of 14, 15, 16 and 17-year old children who every year leave the schools constitute such a large portion of our citizenship that they become without doubt the very foundation of society. It is gratifying to note that while the movement for compulsory part-time schools in the United States is of recent origin, New York is but one of a group of nineteen states which will have such schools in operation in September 1920, the others being Arizona, California, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. Wisconsin enacted in 191 1 a law setting up compulsory continuation schools, Pennsylvania followed in 191 5 and the seventeen other states men- tioned in 1919. Every state will doubtless have some such law in the very immediate future. Part-time schools may in consequence be regarded as a constituent part of our American state education program. I regard the purpose of these schools as being of a twofold nature : for the preparation of youth for participation as citizens in the political life of the State, and for the guidance toward and the training of youth for useful occupations. These two aspects are complementary each to the other. Teaching in the part-time school will include the history and theory of our government and social organization, and such vocational instruction as will best aid each child to realize a life of fullest usefulness. Our education for citizenship has not always been so definitely organized in its voca- 4 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK tional phases as we might well wish it to be. Preparation for indus- trial occupations, commercial occupations, agricultural occupations and homemaking should be included in the opportunity offered in a plan of free education under public supervision and control, each community determining the scope of that vocational opportunity in relation to its special needs. Finally I would say that the part-time school is truly democratic only because it is compulsory; in other words, being compulsory it will truly be for all children rather than a favored few who might secure its advantages were attendance to depend upon desire and ability to elect it. I wish that I might express in some more adequate way to the hundreds of teachers who will aid in the development of this new type of school my faith in what I am sure they will accomplish for the betterment of the coming generations. I wish to thank especially the city and village superintendents whose practical advice and whose cordial cooperation with Mr Wilson in planning for the organization of these schools, have not only given new proof of their intelligent zeal in behalf of the children of the State but have also made possible the initiation of this work with their unanimous approval and support. And above all I wish to make acknowledgment of the efficient, indefatigable, sacrificing labor of Mr Wilson in this cause. John H. Finley Commissioner of Education University of the State of New York Bulletin atter August 2, 1913, at the Post mder the act of August 24, 1913 Published fortnightly Entered as second-class matter August 2, 1913, at the Post Office at Albany, N. T., under the act of August 24, 1912 No. 715 ALBANY, N. Y. August i, 1920 ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS The purpose of this bulletin is to define such provisions of chapter 531 of the State Education Law, as relate to compulsory part-time or continuation schools, and to explain the rules and regulations of the Regents of the University and the recommendations of the Com- missioner of Education relative to the organization and administra- tion of such schools. Such recommendations as are made are based upon experience gained in other states and countries in the conduct of part-time schools and are in harmony with the plans and policies of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL AND EXTENSION EDUCATION The Division of Vocational and Extension Education of The University of the State of New York is charged with the general supervision of vocational instruction, as provided for under the State Education Law, the administration of vocational education under the provisions of the federal vocational education act, and with the duty of gathering and making known all obtainable helpful information upon the subject. Whenever the establishment of any form of vocational instruction is contemplated in any locality in this State, application for pre- liminary advice and guidance should be freely made to this Division. The various types of state-aided schools over which this Division has supervision are : general industrial schools, unit trade and technical schools, evening vocational schools, part-time or continua- lion schools, practical arts or homemaking schools and schools of agriculture, mechanic arts and homemaking. 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK DEFINITION OF A PART-TIME SCHOOL Under the terms of the New York State Education Law a part- time or continuation school or class is a school or class for boys and girls between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years who are not high school graduates and who have discontinued attendance upon the regular full-time schools. Such a school or class provides instruction for not less than 4 and not more than 8 hours a week for 36 weeks each year on regular school days between 8 o'clock a. m. and 5 o'clock p. m. in subjects which are designed to increase the civic and voca- tional intelligence of the pupils. In this bulletin the term " part-time school " will be used to desig- nate that which the law calls a " part-time or continuation school.' THE LAW AND THE REGULATIONS OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY Sections of chapter 531 of the Laws of 1919 of the State of New York, and the regulations made thereunder by the Regents of The University of the State of New York governing the establishment of part-time schools, follow : Part-time Schools Required to be Established Section 601, paragraph a: § 601 Part-time or continuation schools shall be established in cities and school districts, having a population of five thousand or more inhabitants, a The board of education of each city and of each such school district in which there are twenty or more minors above the age of fourteen years and below the age of eighteen years, who are not in regular attendance upon instruction, shall establish and maintain part-time or continuation schools or classes in which such minors shall receive instruction. Such schools or classes may be established in public school buildings, in other buildings especially adapted for their operation, in manufacturing or mercantile establishments and in factories. Such schools or classes, wherever they are established or maintained, shall be under the control and management of the board of education and shall be a part of the public school system of the city or district which main- tains them. Courses of study in private or parochial part-time or con- tinuation schools or classes which meet the requirements of the statutes and the regulations prescribed thereunder may be approved by the Com- missioner of Education and, when thus approved, attendance thereon shall be accepted for that required under this article. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 7 Regulations of Regents i Separate classes required for part-time pupils. Minors who are required to attend part-time school must be instructed in classes specially organized for their benefit. Part-time pupils shall not be placed in classes with regular full-time elementary or high school pupils except with the approval of the Commissioner of Education. 2 Classes in manufacturing or mercantile establishments and in factories. If classes are established in manufacturing or mercantile establishments and in factories, local boards of education having control and management of such classes are charged with the responsibility of seeing that the rooms provided for the work are properly heated, lighted and ventilated, and that proper equipment is provided for carrying on the instruction of the pupils. Such rooms must conform to all the pertinent provisions of sections 451 and 452 of the Education Law as amended by chapter 140 of the Laws of 1910, and the regulations made thereunder. 3 Private or parochial part-time schools or classes. To meet the needed approval of the Commissioner of Education private or parochial part-time schools or classes must in their courses of study and in the manner in which they are conducted conform to the following regulations : a The course of study must be approved by the Commissioner of Education and must meet all requirements prescribed for courses of study in public part-time schools. b The teachers must meet all the requirements of the Regents of the University relative to the licensing or certificating of teachers for the part-time classes maintained under public supervision and control. c The classes must be in session for the same number of hours a week and weeks a year as the public part-time classes maintained in the same city or district. d The buildings or rooms must meet the standards prescribed for buildings or rooms used for public school purposes. e The equipment provided must be suitable and sufficient for the needs of the courses offered and at least as good as that provided for the part-time classes maintained by the local board of education. / Such private or parochial part-time schools or classes shall be subject to the inspection of the Commissioner of Education at such times as he may elect and it is hereby required that he shall make an inspection of each such school or class at least once each year. 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK g Minors in attendance upon private or parochial part-time schools or classes must be instructed in classes specially organized for their benefit. Sessions of Part-time Schools Section 60 1, paragraph b-' b Such part-time or continuation schools or classes shall be maintained each year during the full period of time which the public schools of a city or district are in session. The sessions of such part-time or con tinuation schools or classes shall be on the regular school days and for as many hours between the hours of eight o'clock forenoon and five o'clock afternoon as shall be necessary to provide the required instruction for such minors who reside in said city or district. Regulations of Regents 1 Regular school days. The required attendance shall be for a total of not less than 36 weeks a year, at the rate of not less than 4 and not more than 8 clock hours a week, and shall be between the hours of 8 o'clock in the morning and 5 o'clock in the afternoon of any working day or days of such minors as are required to attend Attendance shall not be required on any Saturday after 12 o'clock noon, and no school shall be in session on a legal holiday except general election day, Washington's birthday and Lincoln's birthday 2 Length of sessions. Any session of a part-time school or class shall be for not less than 120 consecutive minutes during any regular school day. Courses of Study Section 601, paragraph c: c The courses of study in such part-time or continuation schools or classes shall be approved by the Commissioner of Education and shall include among other subjects instruction in American history, the right? and obligations of citizenship, industrial history, economics, the essentia' features of the laws relating to the industries taught, and shall alsr include such other subjects as will enlarge the vocational intelligence of such minors. Regulations of Regents 1 Approval of part-time courses by Commissioner of Education. To meet the needed approval of the Commissioner of Education the courses of study must conform to the following requirements: a One-half of the required time of attendance shall be devoted to the teaching of the subjects required by law to be taught and such other general subjects as may be deemed necessary by the local school authorities. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 9 b One-half of the required time of attendance shall be devoted to elective courses in homemaking subjects, or industrial subjects, or academic subjects, or agricultural subjects, or commercial subjects. c Every city and school district shall establish and maintain two approved courses chosen from among the following courses : (1) industrial course (2) commercial course (3) homemaking course (4) agricultural course d Boards of education may require girls who have not had suit- able instruction in homemaking to elect at least 72 clock hours of instruction in homemaking subjects. e At the discretion of the Commissioner of Education modifica- tions may be made as to the requirements as to elective courses until such time as the law becomes fully operative. Attendance Regulations and Establishment of Sufficient Schools Section 601, paragraph d: d The board of education of each city and of each such school district shall make necessary arrangements to 'begin to operate and maintain such part-time or continuation schools or classes, on the opening of the public schools in September 1920, and shall annually thereafter in Sep- ' tember open and maintain additional schools and classes so that by the opening of the public schools in September 1925, a sufficient number of such schools shall have been established as to afford the required instruction under this article to those minors who are required to attend such schools or classes. Regulations of Regents 1 Boards of education must establish attendance regulations. On or before June i, 1920, boards of education shall establish rules and regulations setting forth the group or groups of children who are to be required to attend part-time classes each year until the law becomes fully operative. A copy of the rules and regulations shall be filed with the Commissioner of Education after adoption. 2 Method of enforcement. For the purpose of initiating the required program of part-time schools local boards of education shall compel the attendance, commencing on September 1, 1920, on an equal basis and in partial fulfilment of the terms of the law of a certain group or groups of children affected by the law, and shall annually thereafter in September of each year compel the attendance of a certain additional group or groups of children, provided that IO THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK by September 1925 all children affected by the law shall be reached by compulsory regulations. Local boards of education may require the attendance of children upon part-time classes on the basis of any one of the four following plans: a Attendance required according to distribution in age groups. If this plan is adopted all children of a given age group shall be required to attend part-time school commencing in September 1920, and annually thereafter additional groups of children of a given age shall be required to attend, so that by September 1925 all children affected by the law shall be in attendance. Boards of education may require the attendance in any one year of one or more given age groups under this plan of enforcement. b Attendance required according to distribution as to educational qualifications. If this plan of enforcement is adopted all children having given educational qualifications shall be required to attend part-time schools commencing in September 1920, and annually thereafter additional groups of such children shall be required to attend so that by September 1925 all children affected by the law shall be in attendance. Boards of education may require the attend- ance in any one year of one or more groups of children having given educational qualifications. c Attendance required according to distribution as to residence or employment. If this plan is adopted all minors resident or employed in a given ward, district or part of a city or school district shall be required to attend in September 1920, and annually thereafter all minors resident or employed in certain other wards or districts or parts of the city shall be required to attend so that by September 1925 all minors resident or employed in the entire city or district are in attendance. d Attendance required according to age distribution and educa- tional qualifications. If this plan is adopted all children of a given age with given educational qualifications shall be required to attend in September 1920, and annually thereafter certain additional groups of children having given age and educational qualifications shall be required to attend, so that by September 1925 all children resident or employed in the entire city or district are in attendance. 3 Continuous attendance. Under any plan of enforcement of attendance which may be adopted by a board of education, it shall be required that a minor who has once commenced attendance upon a part-time school shall continue such attendance until reaching the age of eighteen. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS II Required Attendance of Minors Section 601, paragraph e: e Each minor under the age of eighteen years, who is not in regular attendance upon a public, private or parochial school or who is regularly and lawfully employed in some occupation or service, unless such minor has completed a four-year secondary course of instruction approved by the Regents of the University, shall attend a part-time or continuation school or class in the city or district in which such minor resides or may be employed. Such attendance shall be for not less than four hours per week and not more than eight hours per week for each week which such school or class is in session except that the school authorities may, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Education, permit any such minor to increase the number of hours per week of required attend- ance and decrease the number of weeks of required attendance. Such minor who is temporarily out of regular employment or service shall attend such school not less than twenty hours per week. The attendance upon a part-time or continuation school or class shall be between the hours of eight o'clock forenoon and five o'clock afternoon. Regulations of Regents i Approved four-year secondary course of instruction. If a minor has completed a four-year secondary course of instruction which has not been approved by the Regents of the University such minor may present to the local school authorities or to the Commissioner of Education proper evidence as to the character of the course which he has completed and if satisfactory to such local school authorities and to the Commissioner of Education such minor may be excused from attendance upon part-time school. 2 Enforcement of attendance on the basis of residence or employ- ment. The following rules shall be observed in the enforcement of the required attendance : a Any minor subject to the provisions of the law who resides within a district where part-time schools are maintained but is employed in a district where part-time schools are not maintained shall attend the part-time schools maintained in the district where he resides. b Any minor subject to the provisions of the law who is employed within but does not reside within a district where part-time classes are maintained shall attend such part-time classes in the district where he is employed. c Any minor subject to the provisions of the law who is employed within a district maintaining part-time classes and resides within 12 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK another district maintaining part-time schools shall attend such part- time classes in the district where he resides or is employed. 3 Hours of attendance. a Local boards of education shall require the attendance of minors for four hours each week during such time as the schools of the city or district are in session, until such time as the Board of Regents shall pass rules requiring the enforcement of the maximum number of hours of attendance permitted by the law. b Local boards of education may at their discretion require the attendance of minors subject to the law for 8 clock hours each week. 4 Increasing the number of hours a week of required attendance and decreasing the number of weeks of required attendance. Local boards of education may, with the approval of the Commissioner of Education, establish rules and regulations providing for an increase in the number of hours a week of required attendance and a decrease in the number of weeks of required attendance. Such a plan must provide for at least 144 clock hours of instruction for each minor during any one school year, and must conform to all other regula- tions governing part-time schools. 5 Minors temporarily out of employment. Any minor without employment for five consecutive days shall be considered as being temporarily out of regular employment. 6 Absence from part-time school. Minors who are absent from part-time school without a justifiable excuse for such absence, as is defined by Regents rules, shall be required to make up the time lost due to such absence, and within a reasonable time after the occurrence of the absence. 7 Attendance of married female minors. Married female minors may be excused from attendance upon part-time classes. 8 Attendance of minors under 16 years of age temporarily out of regular employment. Minors under 16 years of age who are temporarily out of regular employment are required to attend regular full-time day school. Survey Required Section 601, paragraph /•" / The Commissioner of Education shall make a survey of each city or district to ascertain the industrial, commercial, economic and social needs of such city or district and the benefits and opportunities to be afforded through the establishment of such part-time or continuation ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 13 schools or classes to the community and to those who are required to attend such schools or classes. The Industrial Commission and the Commissioner of Agriculture shall cooperate with the Commissioner of Education in making such survey. (No regulations made thereunder.) Regents Required to Establish Regulations Section 601, paragraph g: g The Regents of the University shall establish regulations to govern and regulate the administration of such part-time or continuation schools or classes and the attendance of minors thereon. To meet local neces- sities the board of education of each city or school district may establish regulations but such regulations shall not conflict with the regulations adopted by the Regents. (No regulations made thereunder.) Penalties for Failure to Comply with Attendance Provisions Section 601, paragraph h: h The parent, guardian or other person having the custody or control of a minor who is required under the provisions of this article to attend a part-time or continuation school or class shall cause such minor to attend such school or class. A parent, guardian or other person who refuses or fails to comply with this provision of the law shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than ten days, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. Any minor under sixteen years of age who fails to attend upon instruction as defined by this article shall be subject to the provisions of section 635 of the Education Law, and a minor over sixteen years of age who fails to attend upon instruction as required by this act may be punished for any such violation by a fine not exceeding ten dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than ten days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (No regulations made thereunder.) Provisions Affecting Employers of Minors Section 601, paragraph i: i Any person, firm or corporation employing a minor between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years shall permit the attendance of such minor upon a part-time school or class whenever such part-time school or class shall have been established in the city or district where the minor resides or may be employed, and upon the termination of employment of any such minor the employer shall return within three days the employment 14 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK certificate of such minor by mail to the school authorities, and a person, firm or corporation employing a minor over fourteen years of age and less than eighteen years of age contrary to the provisions of this article shall he subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars and not more than one hundred dollars for each offense or by imprisonment in the city or county jail for not less than five days and not more than ten days, or by such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court. A person, firm or corporation, which has in its employ a minor who fails to attend a part-time or continuation school or class as required herein, shall immediately discontinue the services of such minor upon receiving from the school authorities written notice of the failure of such minor to attend such part-time or continuation school or class, and a person, firm or corporation violating this provision of law shall be subject to a fine of fifty dollars for each offense. (No regulations made thereunder.) Powers and Duties of Local Boards of Education and the Commissioner of Education Section 601, paragraph /: j The board of education of each city or district having a population of five thousand or more inhabitants is hereby required to enforce the provisions of this law and the Commissioner of Education is hereby charged with the duty and vested with necessary authority to supervise the enforcement and administration of this act. (No regulations made thereunder.) Penalty for Failure to Establish Part-time Schools Section 60 1, paragraph k: k If the authorities of such a city or school district fail or refuse to provide the necessary funds for the establishment and maintenance of such part-time or continuation schools or classes as are required under this law, the city or district shall forfeit from the funds due such city or district from the State for school purposes an amount equal to that which is estimated by the board of education as necessary to properly operate and maintain such schools or classes. The public or state funds thus forfeited by such city or district shall be apportioned by the Com- missioner of Education to the board of education of such city or district for the purpose of maintaining such part-time or continuation schools or classes and the board of education of the city or district receiving such funds shall apply the same toward the maintenance of such schools or classes and in payment of the expenses incurred thereby. (No regulations made thereunder.) ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 1 5 Advisory Board Section 603 : § 603 Appointment of an advisory board. 1 The board of education shall appoint an advisory board of five members representing the local trades, industries, and occupations. In the first instance two of such members shall be appointed for a term of one year and three of such members shall be appointed for a term of two years. Thereafter as the terms of such members shall expire the vacancies caused thereby shall be filled for a full term of two years. Any other vacancy occurring on such board shall be filled by the appointing power named in this section for the remainder of the unexpired term. 2 It shall be the duty of such advisory board to counsel with and advise the board of education in relation to the powers and duties vested in such board by this chapter. Regulations of Regents 1 One advisory board required. A board of education main- taining more than one kind of vocational school as provided for in chapter 531 of the Education Law shall be required to appoint but one advisory board. 2 Membership on advisory board and board of education. A member of a board of education shall not be appointed a member of an advisory board. Authority of Local Board of Education Section 604: § 604 Authority of the board of education over such schools. The board of education in a city or in a union free school district in which city or district a general industrial school, unit trade or technical school, a school of agriculture, mechanic arts and homemaking, or practical arts or homemaking school, or a part-time or continuation school, or an evening vocational school is established as provided in this article, is vested with the same power and authority over the management, super- vision and control of such school and the teachers or instructors employed therein as such board now has over the schools and teachers under their charge. Such boards of education shall also have full power and authority: 1 To employ competent teachers or instructors. 2 To provide proper courses of study. 3 To purchase or acquire sites and grounds and to purchase, acquire, lease or construct and to repair suitable shops or buildings and to prop- erly equip the same. 4 To purchase necessary machinery, tools, apparatus and supplies. (No regulations made thereunder.) l6 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK State Aid Section 605 : § 605 State aid for general industrial schools, unit trade and tech- nical schools, part-time or continuation schools, practical arts or homemaking schools, evening vocational schools and schools of agriculture, mechanic arts and homemaking. 1 The Commissioner of Education, in the annual apportionment of the state school moneys shall apportion therefrom to each city and school district for each general industrial school, unit trade and technical school, part-time or continua- tion school, practical arts or homemaking school or evening vocational school, maintained therein for thirty-six weeks during the school year and employing one teacher whose work is devoted exclusively to such school, and having an enrolment of such number of pupils as may be required by the Commissioner of Education and maintaining an organization and a course of study, and conducted in a manner approved by him, a sum equal to two-thirds of the salary paid to such teacher, but not exceeding one thousand dollars. 3 The Commissioner of Education shall also make an additional apportionment to each city and union free school district for each addi- tional teacher employed in the schools mentioned in the preceding sub- divisions of this section for thirty-six weeks during the school year, a sum equal to one-half of the salary paid to each such additional teacher, but not exceeding one thousand dollars. 5 The Commissioner of Education, in his discretion, may apportion to a district or city maintaining such schools or employing such teachers for a shorter time than thirty-six weeks, or for a less time than a regu- lar school day, an amount pro rata to the time such schools are main- tained or such teachers are employed. This section shall not be con- strued to entitle manual training high schools or other secondary schools maintaining manual training departments, to an apportionment of funds herein provided for. Any person employed as teacher as provided herein may serve as prin- cipal of the school in which the said industrial or trade school or course, or school or course of agriculture, mechanic arts and homemaking, is maintained. Regulations of Regents State aid for first teacher not exclusively employed. If the first teacher employed in connection with an approved part-time school or class devotes less than full time to the instruction of part-time pupils, the board of education employing such teacher shall make a separate contract with such teacher on account of services in con- nection with an approved part-time school or class. The city or school district in such case shall be apportioned a sum equal to two- thirds of the salary paid to such teacher on account of such part-time work, but not exceeding one thousand dollars. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 1 7 Regulations of the Regents as to Licensing of Teachers 1 Special certificate required to teach in part-time schools. No person shall be appointed to teach in a part-time school who does not hold a certificate authorizing such person to teach some subject or subjects in a part-time school. 2 Qualifications of teachers. Applicants for special licenses to serve as teachers in part-time schools must be prepared to satisfy the Commissioner of Education that they are qualified to serve as teachers of general subjects, or teachers of homemaking subjects, or teachers of industrial subjects, or teachers of commercial subjects. The qualifications required to secure a license as a teacher in any one of the four fields mentioned above are as follows, or the equivalent thereof : a Teachers of general subjects : graduation from an approved high school and evidence of at least two years of approved special training. b Teachers of homemaking subjects : graduation from an approved high school and evidence of graduation from an approved four-year course in home economics, or graduation from an approved high school and evidence of completion of an approved two-year course in home economics and at least three years of successful teaching experience, or approved vocational experience. c Teachers of commercial subjects: graduation from an approved high school, and the completion of an approved advanced commercial course not less than two years in length, or graduation from an approved high school and three years of satisfactory practical experience in commercial work. d Teachers of industrial subjects: graduation from an approved high school and evidence of graduation from a two-year advanced training course providing instruction for the preparation of teachers of industrial subjects; or evidence of general education satisfactory to the Commissioner of Education and at least five years of suc- cessful experience as a journeyman in the trade which the applicant for a license desires to teach. 3 Period of validity of special certificate. A special certificate may be granted for three years and after two years of successful experi- ence it may be renewed for five-year periods. No special certificate shall be granted except at the request of a village or city superin- tendent of schools after the applicant shall have been assured of a position to teach. The Commissioner of Education may require that a candidate for a special certificate take a testing examination. 1 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regulations of the Regents as to Inspection and Reports i Annual report. The board of education of each city and school district where part-time schools are established and maintained shall make a report to the Commissioner of Education on blanks to be furnished by him on or before August 1st of each year concerning such part-time classes as have been maintained during the preceding year. 2 Inspection of part-time classes. The Commissioner of Educa- tion shall make from time to time suitable inspections of such part- time schools and classes. 3 Approval of part-time classes. Schools and classes approved after inspection, or submission of annual report, or both, shall be entitled to quotas of state or federal aid, or both, as provided by law and by regulation of the Board of Regents. Regulations of the Regents as to Annual Submission of Plan as to Part-time Schools 1 Boards of education shall submit plan. The board of education of each city and school district where it is required by law that part-time schools be established shall submit to the Commissioner of Education on or before September I, 1920, a plan showing just how the city or district expects to meet the provisions of the law during the ensuing year. A new plan shall be submitted on or before September 1st of each succeeding year until September 1926. 2 Scope of plan. The Commissioner of Education shall furnish the necessary blanks for this required plan which will indicate the information which is to be furnished and which shall include among other things : a Financial provision which has been made by the city or district for the support of part-time schools or classes. b Provision made for housing schools and classes. c Special equipment to be provided or used. d Teachers and their qualifications and compensations to be paid. e Administrative plan. / Courses of study. g Names and addresses of members of advisory board. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 19 Distribution of the Smith-Hughes Funds for Part-time Schools The Commissioner of Education on or before September ist of each year shall apportion among the cities and school districts of the State which are required to maintain part-time or continuation schools not more than one-third of the federal funds provided under the Smith-Hughes act and set apart in any one year for the " salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects." Such apportionments shall be determined in accordance with the following paragraphs : 1 Supervision quota. Any city or district employing four or more teachers for the instruction of part-time pupils and which pays such teachers in salaries an amount at least twice as great as the quota provided for in this paragraph shall be entitled to one " supervision " quota, if such city or district employs a supervisor who devotes all of his time to the supervision and direction of part-time classes. This supervision quota (which is given on account of the salaries paid to part-time teachers) shall be a sum equal to two-thirds of such portion of the salary actually paid to such supervisor as is in excess of $1500, but not to exceed $1000 of aid from Smith-Hughes funds in any one case. 2 Quota for cities and districts not employing a supervisor. Any city or district not entitled to a supervision quota under the terms of paragraph ( 1 ) of this regulation but which employs one teacher who devotes full time to the instruction of part-time pupils, and to the coordination of the work of such part-time pupils with the instruc- tion, shall be entitled to receive one " first-teacher " quota. This quota shall be a sum equal to two-thirds of such portion of the salary actually paid to such teacher as is in excess of $1500 but not to exceed $1000 of aid from Smith-Hughes funds in any one case. 3 Only one supervision or one first-teacher quota granted to a city or district. A city or district may receive one " supervision " quota, or one " first-teacher " quota, but not both such quotas. 4 Insufficient funds to pay quotas. If in any one year the amount of Smith-Hughes money available shall be insufficient to pay the quotas as planned, the amount available shall be pro rated on the basis of the planned allotments. 5 Funds in excess of amount needed to pay quotas. If in any one year the amount of Smith-Hughes money available shall be in excess of the amount required to pay quotas as planned such excess shall be distributed among the cities and districts of the State on an equitable 20 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK basis and according to a plan to be determined by the Commissioner of Education. 6 Previous regulations as to Smith-Hughes funds for part-time schools. All previous regulations of the State Board for Vocational Education (the Regents of The University of the State of New York) as to the distribution of Smith-Hughes funds for part-time or continuation schools are hereby repealed. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 21 RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION The remaining portion of this bulletin consists of definitions, information and the recommendations of the Commissioner of Edu- cation relating to the organization and conduct of part-time schools and classes. The recommendations are based upon a study of suc- cessful American and foreign part-time schools and are particularly designed to help the schools to meet the needs of the children who are required to attend. Purpose of Part-time Schools The part-time school is not an institution intended to provide training to make up for deficiencies in the general education of boys and girls who leave the regular schools between the ages of fourteen and eighteen, nor is it to be regarded as a substitute for the regular school. Obviously it is impossible to accomplish in from 4 to 8 hours of instruction a week that which the full-time schools find it difficult to do in from 25 to 30 hours of work a week. Rather the part-time school will attempt to make the break between the school life of the child and the work life of the child less difficult through some properly adjusted plan of vocational guidance and vocational training which will take into consideration the practical aspects of an individual's duty as a citizen and his potentialities as a worker. To this end the part-time school will concern itself with the explanation in an elementary way of the various institutions which society has developed for its own protection and perpetuation and for the wel- fare of the individuals who constitute that society. It will help the child to choose a vocation, to improve his leisure and will serve to make him generally a better citizen. In as far as it may be possible, it will give definite training for the vocation which the child chooses and engages in. Courses of Study Boards of education may well set up any one or all of the follow- ing courses of study in as far as such courses may serve the needs of the children of a particular city or district : 1 A commercial course 2 An industrial course 22 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 3 A homemaking course 4 An academic course 5 A course for subnormal children 6 An agricultural course To meet the requirements of the Board of Regents and to secure the needed approval of the Commissioner of Education it is recom- mended that all commercial, industrial, homemaking and agricultural part-time schools or classes should in their courses of study and in the manner in which they are conducted conform to the following fundamental ideas : i Commercial subjects, or industrial subjects, or homemaking sub- jects, or agricultural subjects, should occupy at least one-half of the required time of attendance of the pupils. 2 Instruction in the required subjects, which are American history, the rights and obligations of citizenship, industrial history, economics and the essential features of the laws relating to industries taught, should form a part of every course. 3 Instruction in English and hygiene should be given as a part of every course. 4 The equipment should be suitable and sufficient for the purposes of the work and the methods of instruction. Three outlines of suggested part-time courses are given below for the purpose of indicating a suitable distribution of the time to be devoted to the various subjects. Industrial Course American history, industrial history, civics and economics. English Arithmetic or applied mathematics Hygiene and physical training Industrial subjects, as shop work, drawing, laws relating to industries 120 240 Homemaking Course American history, industrial history, civics and economics. English Arithmetic or applied mathematics Hygiene and physical training Homemaking subjects, as cooking, sewing, home decora- tion, household sanitation, millinery 120 240 Four hour Eight hour program program 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 DO ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 23 Commercial Course Four Eight (For preparatory pupils) program program American history, industrial history, civics and economics. 30 60 Elementary vocational business practice 5° I0 ° Commercial arithmetic 30 60 Business English 40 80 Commercial geography 30 60 Hygiene and physical training 30 60 Business writing 30 60 (For extension pupils) American history, industrial history, civics and economics.. 30 60 Commercial arithmetic 30 60 Business writing 30 60 Business English 40 80 Hygiene and physical training 30 60 Bookkeeping and Typewriting or filing „ 80 160 or Shorthand and Typewriting 80 160 or Retail selling courses 80 160 Special Academic or High School Courses Many children who are required to attend part-time classes have completed some regular high school work. These pupils may desire to secure sufficient academic credit to qualify themselves for entrance to certain of the training or professional schools which are open to those who have completed less than four full years of high school work, or they may desire to secure an academic diploma. Boards of education might well offer regular high school courses to such pupils, subject to the following conditions : 1 No part-time pupil to be permitted to elect high school work who does not hold a Regents preliminary certificate or the equivalent. 2 At least one period of instruction in required subjects to be given each week to pupils who elect academic courses. 3 Part-time pupils who are being instructed in academic subjects to be given such instruction in classes particularly organized and intended for them. No community should set up a plan which would tend to encourage pupils under sixteen years of age to take evening school instruction 24 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK at the same time that they are receiving part-time training. Boys and girls over sixteen years of age might be permitted to attend both day part-time classes and evening classes, but the Education Department does not recommend that any scheme of academic instruction connected with the part-time school be planned which would require or encourage attendance upon evening school. Communities which plan to offer academic instruction to part-time pupils should submit their plans to the Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education and to the Director of Vocational and Exten- sion Education. Course for Subnormal Children The subnormal children constitute a special problem in the part- time school. Such children have, of course, been unable to profit by the regular forms of instruction and have in most school systems been segregated in special classes. Doubtless they would not profit much from the regularly planned part-time courses, and many com- munities may find it possible to provide instruction exclusively planned for their benefit. This instruction may well be largely along manual lines. Special classes need not be designated as subnormal classes but entrance should be carefully restricted to those for whose benefit they were primarily planned. This sort of special class work in con- nection with the part-time school should not, however, be attempted unless competent experts are available to select from the general group those who particularly belong to special classes. Agricultural Course Some communities in the State may find it desirable to set up a part-time course in agriculture. In such cases a special plan should be submitted to the Director of Vocational and Extension Educa- tion for his approval. Supervision Every community having 200 or more part-time pupils will require the services of at least one person who will devote all or a portion of his time to the organization, administration and supervision of the part-time school. It is to be noted that under the provisions of section 605 of the Education Law the first teacher employed in con- nection with a part-time school is expected to devote all his time to the instruction, supervision or coordination of part-time schools or classes, or to other forms of state-aided vocational education. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 25 It should be recognized at the outset that considerably more of administrative detail is involved in the conduct of part-time schools and classes than is in the case of the full-time schools. New pupils will be regularly entering part-time classes and old ones leaving. Special cases relative to attendance will be constantly demanding adjustment. The work of placement and advisement will need con- stant attention. The proper conduct of an assembly demands that every topic presented to pupils be carefully worked out. These and other duties such as are regularly expected will demand the full time and strength of a supervisor in most places. The results of part-time work will be determined very largely by competent leadership. The constant inspiration and supervision of a director or principal will be required to the end that all the instruc- tion may have a definite bearing upon the life of the child in terms of present or future needs as a member of society. He will need to eliminate the types of instruction that are purely formal and to substitute such as are significant and practical. The Commissioner of Education recommends the appointment of a director of part-time classes wherever possible. Such a director might well have charge of state-aided evening vocational classes. Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Regulations of the Regents as to the distribution of the Smith-Hughes funds for part-time schools indi- cate clearly that it is the desire of the Board of Regents that every community employ either one person who will devote full time to the organization, administration and supervision of part-time classes, or else part of the time to such work and the remainder to the teaching of part-time classes. Employment and Service of Teachers The general terms as to the employment and service of teachers in part-time schools will be fixed by local boards of education. In determining the character and extent of the services which are to be required the peculiar demands which the part-time school makes upon teachers should be kept in mind. In consequence it is recommended that no teacher be required to do more than 24 hours of teaching in any one week. It is expected, however, that a teacher's duties will consist of more than teaching. Every teacher employed should assist in the work of advisement which will take them to the homes of the parents and to the places where the pupils are employed. Every teacher may well be required to do a certain amount of visitation work each week. 26 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK «> Special attention is called to the necessity for participation on the part of every teacher in the recommended placement and follow-up work. Good placement work requires that the teacher have a first- hand knowledge of the vocational opportunities which exist in the community where he is employed. Consequently adequate oppor- tunity should be given for visitation of industrial, mercantile and other establishments where minors are employed. It is recommended that every teacher be required to devote at least one-fourth as much time to visitation, placement and follow-up work as such teacher devotes to actual teaching. Central School for Part-time Pupils The best interests of part-time pupils will be served in most communities if all the classes and types of work be housed in a central school. From the standpoint of effective administration this is the most feasible plan, and it will be found that in the long run. better and more extensive educational facilities can be secured than under circumstances where the work is distributed among a number of schools. Where the numbers involved justify the situation the part-time classes may well be housed in a separate and special building intended for the accommodation of day part-time classes and evening classes. It is recommended that the part-time classes be under the direction and supervision of a special and separate school head who is charged by the board of education and the superintendent of schools with the responsibility for their organization and conduct. Even if part-time classes are housed in the same building with full-time classes, they should be in charge of a separate and special executive. Responsi- bility for the work and conduct of part-time classes should be definitely fixed. Experience in other states indicates the advisability of a central school plan and a specially designated executive head. The chief advantages of the central school plan are : ( i ) ease of administration, (2) better control of attendance possible, (3) pupils can be graded more satisfactorily, and (4) a larger group of special teachers can be provided. It is obvious that if all the part-time classes of a city meet in a central building the details of administra- tion of a part-time plan can be handled by a single director or super- visor with the least delay and the least expenditure of energy ; this applies particularly to the enforcement of attendance regulations. A large number of pupils attending a single school makes possible ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 2*] a greater number of class units and furnishes the opportunity for better and more careful grading, which also makes it possible to give pupils the advantage of being taught by teachers who are selected because they are specialists in certain fields. The Assembly A well-conducted school assembly will afford many opportunities for effective teaching. This is particularly true in the cases where a number of classes or groups of pupils can be brought together for instruction in subjects of fundamental importance and common interest, such as citizenship and general science. Good unit lessons in these subjects may be taught with relatively large groups. The assembly may be used to develop interest in the really worth- while new movements for social and civic betterment such as clean-up week, better English week, thrift campaigns, extended use of the public libraries, and the like. Much can be done in such a period to develop a strong school spirit. Need and Purpose of a Reservoir Class The part-time school is primarily a vocational guidance institu- tion; consequently when each pupil reports for part-time instruction adequate opportunity should be afforded for a proper study of his particular case. This can be best done in a special class organized for this purpose and in charge of a teacher who is interested in guidance and placement work. A class of this type is generally called a reservoir class. As soon as a pupil enters the part-time school he should be placed in such a class and remain there for the first two or three months, or until he can decide upon or be directed toward a suitable course or program of school work. The teacher who has charge of the reservoir class will need to make some evaluation of the powers and possibilities of each pupil. In this evaluation the past school record of the pupil may be a factor, but it should not be considered as a determining one. The employ- ment in which the child is engaged should be considered, and in every instance the place of employment of the child should be visited. The teacher should visit the home as well, consult the parents and enlist their cooperation in the work which is to be done to benefit the child. All these elements enter into a proper case study and not until this has been made should the child be permitted to choose the type of school work which he is to undertake. 28 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Girls should be placed in a separate reservoir class from that in which boys are. Some form of practical work may well be pro- vided for both groups, as cooking for girls, or general woodworking for boys, and for at least one-half of the required time of attendance Separate Classes for Boys and Girls In as far as it may be possible and in keeping with an economical scheme of instruction and administration, it is recommended that separate classes, or schools, be maintained for boys and girls, except perhaps in the case of commercial classes. The experience of such cities as Boston, Detroit and Milwaukee would indicate that such a recommendation is based on a sound psychology. The employment of men teachers for boys' classes and women teachers for girls' classes is urged. The fourteen to eighteen year old boy needs the guidance and example of men, just as the girl need? the guidance of women, while passing through the period of adolescence. Placement of Children A special responsibility rests upon teachers and administrators of part-time schools relative to the proper placement of children in suitable employments. Wherever sufficiently large numbers of children are in attendance upon part-time schools to warrant the employment of a full-time placement officer it will be found that the expenditure will be amply justified. Probably in many of the com- munities in the State the work of placement will have to be under- taken by the teachers. Children between the ages of fourteen and eighteen make frequent changes as to employment, often for trivial causes. These changes are sometimes made because a slightly larger wage is offered and without much regard to the permanency or future possibilities of the new work to be undertaken. While every sort and kind of work needs to be done in every community, and while it is certainly true that teachers should not discourage any child from undertaking any kind of honorable employment which will not endanger his health or morals, it is clearly the duty of the part-time school to advise and direct the child in as far as it may be possible to take up employments which offer the largest future possibilities in the way of personal advancement. Frequently children secure a work permit but fail to obtain any regular employment and often spend much of their free time under ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 20, unfortunate influences. The best interests of every child and of the community in which the child lives demand that regularity of employ- ment obtain in every instance after the issuance of a work permit. The part-time school should reduce materially the number of cases of juvenile unemployment. Employers should be encouraged to hire children who have pre- viously secured work permits in preference to taking pupils out of the regular schools. They should be regularly informed that num- bers of boys and girls attending part-time schools are always out of employment and that these should undoubtedly be given employ- ment before others are persuaded to leave full-time school. Special Methods and Features of Teaching The make-up of the student body in a part-time school requires that much of the instruction be individual in character, and that even in subjects where group or class instruction is given, each lesson be a unit in itself. It will be found that the composition of every class will be constantly in the process of change and that the teacher will find himself confronted each day with the problem of fitting a new pupil into the scheme of instruction. Good teaching demands the maximum of self-activity on the part of the pupils, and despite all the disadvantages connected with a plan of individual instruction, it will probably operate to produce the maximum of pupil effort under the given conditions. Individual instruction depends for its effectiveness on (i) a well- organized and carefully graded series of lesson or instruction sheets or plans, (2) small class groups which will permit of the teacher giving considerable attention or individual help to each pupil, and (3) definite information in regard to the training and occupation of each pupil. Where group instruction is given each lesson should be a unit- lesson and not dependent upon previous instruction given to the class as a whole. A large amount of excellent teaching may be done in science, hygiene, citizenship, economics and history without any course of study background. Unification of Instruction It is obvious that with a plan of part-time education involving only 4 or 8 hours of required work each week, the possibility exists that the short period of instruction may be so dissipated that no appreciable results will be obtained. The work needs to be unified 30 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK in thought and intensely interesting to the pupils. That this may obtain in the largest measure certain features must be observed in the organization of the curriculums and the program of the school. Two of these features deserve special attention: (i) the part-time instruction must center about the practical work, and (2) the full 4 hours of instruction required in any one week should be given to any one child by one instructor. Relation between Evening Classes and Part-time Classes A very definite relationship should be maintained between the part-time school and the evening school. Every community main- taining part-time schools might well maintain evening schools which would provide suitable instruction in academic, commercial, industrial and homemaking subjects. The industrial work in particular should be planned to be supplemental to the daily work of persons engaged in trade or industrial occupations. At or about the time that pupils reach the age of eighteen their attention should be definitely directed to opportunities which are provided for their education in evening schools. The person in charge of part-time classes might well be given the responsibility for the organization and conduct of evening schools. Relation of the Part-time to the Full-time School Part-time training can not be regarded in any sense as a substitute for the work of the regular schools. It is clearly the duty of the part-time teachers to direct as many as possible of the pupils who come under their charge back into the regular schools. To this end the various opportunities in the way of general, industrial, com- mercial and homemaking education which are open to persons of school age in the community should be frequently explained. This should be regarded as a part of the vocational guidance work of every teacher of fourteen and fifteen year old children. Certificates A part-time school certificate may well be issued by local boards of education to any eighteen year old pupil who completes part-time work. Such a certificate should state the last grade which the pupil completed in regular school and the titles of the subject or subjects which a pupil completed in part-time schools. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 3 1 To be entitled to receive such a certificate a pupil should meet the following requirements : 1 Be 1 8 years of age. 2 Have actually completed all the work of the courses which are to be entered upon the certificate, when issued, to the satisfaction of the local school authorities, which course or courses have been approved by the Commissioner of Education. Buildings and Equipment The State Department of Education will insist that suitable pro- vision as to buildings and equipment be made for the part-time classes. Probably in many places the classes will be taken care of in public school buildings during such times as these buildings are not in use for regular instruction. If local boards of education are compelled to rent space for the use of part-time classes, every necessary provision for the instruction, health and safety of the pupils should be made. During past years a number of part-time classes have been maintained in the manufacturing or mercantile establishments where the pupils attending such classes were employed. While the law permits of such a plan it is not particularly recom- mended as the most desirable one, except in the instances where sup- plemental instruction is being given to sixteen and seventeen year old children. The buildings and rooms used for part-time schools or classes should conform to all the pertinent provisions of sections 451 and 452 of the Education Law as amended by chapter 140 of the Laws of 1910 and the regulations made thereunder. Attention is par- ticularly called to the following provisions : a At least 15 square feet of floor space and 200 cubic feet of air space shall be provided for each pupil to be accommodated in each study room or recitation room. b At least 30 cubic feet of pure air shall be provided every minute for each pupil. c The facilities for exhausting the foul or vitiated air shall be positive and independent of atmospheric changes. d All halls, doors, stairways, seats, passageways and aisles and all lighting and heating appliances and apparatus shall be arranged to facilitate egress and afford adequate protection in cases of fire or accident. 32 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK e All exit doors shall open outwardly, and shall, if double doors be used, be fastened with movable bolts operated simultaneously by one handle from the inner face of the door. Attendance on Saturday Morning For the purposes of the part-time law and that the needs of the local communities might be better served by making provision for a more complete utilization of public school buildings the Board of Regents has ruled that part-time classes may be held between the hours of 8 o'clock in the morning and 5 o'clock in the afternoon of any working day or days of such children as are required to attend, but that attendance shall not be required on any Saturday after 12 o'clock noon. No community should plan to give all the required instruction on Saturday mornings. After September 1925 cities and villages might well hold part-time classes only on the customarily recognized school days. Provision should be made everywhere as soon as possible for separate rooms and equipment for part-time work, and particularly in such places as now find existing facilities inadequate for the furnishing of satisfactory part-time instruction. It is recommended that attendance be required on Saturday morn- ings only in such communities as find it impossible to give the instruc- tion at any other time. In such cases the employers of the children who are to be compelled to attend, should be consulted and their approval secured before initiating the work. Due regard should also be paid to the religious beliefs and practices of every member of the community. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PART-TIME SCHOOLS 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PART-TIME EDUCATION This list of bulletins is intended for the use of directors and teachers of part-time work. It is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather has been planned to include only a few of the more important and readily accessible publications. Federal and State Bulletins California, State Board of Education, Sacramento, syllabus of an introductory course on part-time education, p. 190, Jan. 1, 1920. Federal Board for Vocational Education, Washington, D. C, Bulletins 13 and 14, Agricultural Series. Bulletins 17, 18, 19 and 20, Trade and Industrial Series. Bulletin 22, Commercial Educa- tion Series. Third Annual Report, 1919. Massachusetts, State Department of Education, division of voca- tional education, Boston. Compulsory continuation schools, a cir- cular of information on the Boston compulsory continuation school, p. 180, 1920. Needs and possibilities of part-time education, p. 164, 1913. New York, State Department of Education, Albany. Organiza- tion and administration of part-time schools, p. 42, 1920. State-aided evening vocational schools, p. 37, 1919. Special course for the training of teachers for part-time schools, p. 8, 1920. Syllabus for secondary schools, commercial subjects, p. 50, 191 9. Ontario Department of Education, Toronto, Canada. Recom- mendations and regulations for the establishment, organization and management of industrial, technical and art schools, p. 74, 1919. Oregon State Board for Vocational Education, Salem, Oregon. Rules and regulations governing the organization and administration of part-time schools and classes under the Oregon part-time school law, p. 31, 1920. Wisconsin, State Board of Vocational Education, Madison. Monograph no. I, Machine shop practice, p. 18, 1919. Monograph no. 2, Electricity, p. 16, 1919. Monograph no. 3, Citizenship, p. 32, 1919. Monograph no. 4, Sheet metal, p. 11, 1919. Monograph no. 5, Teacher training, p. 16, 1919. Monograph no. 6, Printing, p. 13, 1919. Monograph no. 7, Telegraphy, p. 14, 1920. Monograph no. 8, Cabinet making, p. 15, 1919. The following are out of print : Bulletin 10, Outlines of lessons, p. 516, 1914. Bulletin 11, Outlines of lessons, p. 363, 1915. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS^ 020 773 359 3