[jsjsns F127 .H8 H532 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDD511731fi ,* '^' '^ ".^^ 0^ 6°"** O WK" ' \-^^^-\y %y-fr'\. '• .-Jy' » .v^. ,Vy>^. /&OOj OFFICIAL SOUVENIR HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION CARNIVAL PAGEANT Printed for The Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission By REDFIELD BROTHERS, Inc., Authorized PuWiskerg 311-319 West Forty-third Street, New York HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION Appointed by the Governor of the State of New York and the Mayor of the City of New York and Incorporated by Chapter 325 of the Laws of 1906 Headquarters: Tribune Building, New York OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION PRESIDENT Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, iS Wall Street, New York VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr. Herman Ridder, Presiding Vice-President, 182 William Street, New York Mr. Andrew Carnegie Hon. Joseph H. Cho.^te Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U.S.A. Hon. Seth Low Mr. J. PiERPONT Morgan Hon. Levi P. Morton Hon. Alton B. Parker Mr. John E. Parsons Gen. Horace Porter Hon. Frederick W. Seward Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson Hon. Oscar S. Straus Mr. Wm. B. Van Rensselaer Gen. James Grant Wilson TREASURER Mr. Isaac N. Seligman, No. i William Street, New York SECRETARY Col. Henry W. Sackett Tribune Building, New York cr. » 24 7138 SEP 10 1909 1 ASSISTANT SECRETARY Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall Tribune Building, New York The Carnival Pageant ;HIS book is a souvenir of the Carnival Parade, one of the principal features of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration which will be held in New York City and State from Saturday, September 25, to Saturday, October 9, 1909. The Carnival Parade will be a "Carnival" in the derivative, not the primary, sense of the term. The word carnival comes from two Latin words, "carne" and "vale," and means, literally, "farewell to flesh." Originally it was applied to those festivities in southern Europe attending the days immediately preceding Lent and culminating on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, called Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday. These, in turn, were probably traceable to earlier festivals of the Romans. In Rome and certain other Italian cities, notably Venice, the carnivals have been of great splendor. In Paris the carnival is celebrated with great brilliancy. Among the German carnival cities Cologne on the Rhine may be mentioned. There, every citizen, from the " burgomaster " to the smallest messenger boy, participates. Well-known artists help to design the "floats," while the " Funken," an organizationrnot^unlike the Honorable Artillery of Boston, acts as bodyguard and marches merfily along. Parac^es of allegorical chariots, masked balls, the blowing of horns an| the throwiwg' 'df flowers and confetti have been ■ J. ...J \ characteristic features of the European carnivals. In the United States carnival is regularly celebrated in New Orleans. The first notable procession of masqueraders was held there in 1827, the inaugurators including a number of young gentlemen who had just returned from France after finishing their Parisian education. Ten years later the Mardi Gras of 1837 was celebrated on a grander scale. From that time the custom has been handed down from father to son and its observance has made that city famous. From the festive character of these observances the word "carnival" has ac- quired the secondary meaning of general public festivity, without the association of any sectarian ideas with it. It is in this general sense that the term is applied to the Carnival Parade of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. The principal idea taken from the old carnivals is that of representing upon moving vehicles, called "floats," allegorical, mythological and historical scenes. This feature of the Celebration has been adopted with a serious as well as festive purpose. The Hudson-Fulton Celebration, as a whole, commemorates primarily the discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 160Q and the successful inauguration of steam navigation upon that river by Robert Fulton in 1807. Incident to the com- memoration of these events, however, is the celebr-ation of the progress of our people in every department of human affairs during the past three hundred years. The great Historical Pageant* and most of the other features of the Celebration deal *This Pageant is fully described, with historical notes on the subjects represented, in the Official His- torical'Pageant Souvenir Book of the Commission, printed by Redfield Brothers, Inc., price 50 cents. chiefly with the facts of history and of material and social progress. The Carnival Pageant deals with an entirely different phase of culture, for while the Historical Pageant illustrates a few conceptions of the imagination of the American aborigines the Carnival Pageant illustrates that great body of Old World folklore which has inspired so much of the beautiful imagery of the poetry, song and drama of all civilized nations. Although the legends and allegories here represented are not indigenous to America yet they form a real part of our culture, inherited, like the cumulative facts which constitute our progressive civilization, from the past. In a comparatively new country like ours the earliest efforts of the settlers are directed to the conquest of nature and the amelioration of physical conditions. With the subjugation of nature's asperities and with the accumulation of wealth comes a degree of comfort and leisure which permits the mind to turn more freely to intellectual culture. American civilization, young as it is, has advanced to the stage where it appre- ciates its intellectual heritage from the Old World, and nowhere in this country is that heritage more highly prized than in New York City and State. The Carnival Parade, therefore, is something more than a jollification and a merrymaking. It is designed to recall the poetry of myth, legend, allegory and in a few cases of historic fact, which, while foreign in local origin, is an heritage of universal possession and belongs to all nations. There are fifty subjects represented in the parade. The floats are larger and more elaborate than anything ever constructed in this country, and have been built by the working staff of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission under the super- intendence of the man who has had charge of the New Orleans carnivals for many years. The construction works of the Commission are located in the Borough of The Bronx, adjacent to the Harlem River at 149th Street, where, for nearly a year, about two hundred artists, modelers, decorators and mechanics have been at work putting into material form the designers' conceptions. In the same works have been constructed also the floats for the Historical Pageant, The total cost of constructing and presenting the Historical and Carnival Parades, including their repetition in whole or in part in different parts of the city of New York and in places along the Hudson River, is estimated at nearly a quarter of a million dollars. The Carnival Parade will take place in Manhattan Borough, New York City, on Saturday evening, October 2, The line of march will be from Central Park West and iioth Street, down Central Park West to 59th Street, thence to Fifth Avenue, and thence to Washington Square. On Saturday evening, October 9, it will be re- peated in Brooklyn. The Commission is greatly indebted to the German, Austrian and Swiss Societies of New York for their cooperation in presenting the Carnival Parades. FLOAT No. 1 . — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 7 FLOAT No. 2. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. FLOAT No. 3. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 9 FLOAT No. 4.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57, 10 FLOAT No. 5.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 11 FLOAT No. C. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 12 FLOAT No. 8. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see pa^e 58. 14 FLOAT No. 9.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 15 FLOAT No. 10. — For description and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 16 FLOAT No. 11.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 17 t V ^*^ FLOAT No. 12. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 18 FLOAT No. 13.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 19 FLOAT No. 14. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 20 ,^" ^u FLOAT No. 15. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 21 FLOAT No. 16. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 22 ■■BBagK UW* Mi ■" 1 1 ■ I II-' FLOAT No. 17.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 23 FLOAT No. 18. — For dtscription and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 24 i ^ FLOAT No. 19. — For description and Socie.y furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 25 FLOAT No. 20. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 26 FLOAT No. 21 .—For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 27 J J FLOAT No. 22.— For dtbcription and Su^icty iuriiishina cliaracters and escort, bee pa 28^ FLOAT No. 23. — I-or (.Icbtriplioii and Su._iely iurnibliiny Oi. 39 cort, see page 59. FLOAT No. 24. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 30 FLOAT No. 25.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 31 FLOAT No. 26. — For description anil Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 32 FLOAT No. 27. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 33 FLOAT No. 28.— Fur description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see pa^e 60. 34 FLOAT No. 29. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 35 c?=^ V ^>^^:k FLOAT No. 30. — For description and Soi iety furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 36 FLOAT NO. 31.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page ( 37 FLOAT No. 32.— For description and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page ( 38 k FLOAT No. 33.— For description and Society turnishing characters and escort, see page &1. 39 FLOAT No. 34.— For description and Society iurnishing chaiacters and escort, see page 61. 40 FLOAT NO. 35.— Fur description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 41 FLOAT No. 36. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 42 FLOAT No. 37. -For description and Society furnisliing ch.iracters and escort, see page < 43 FLOAT No. 38.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 44 FLOAT Nq. 39.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 45 FLOAT No. 40. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 46 FLOAT No. 41.— Fur descriptioD and Society lutnishing characters and escort, see paije ol- 47 ''^'^'"X^ ' ^^^^g^^^^'^^^'^*^'''^^ FLOAT No. 42.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page < 48 FLOAT No. 43.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page «2. .49 FLOAT No. 44.— For description and Society lurnishing characters and escort, see page (>Z. 50 rtOAT No. 45.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 62 51 FLOAT NO. 46. -For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 6J. 52 FLOAT No. 47. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page t 53 FLOAT No. 48.— For description and Society turnishing characters and escort, see page 62. 54 FLOAT Nq. 49. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 63. 55 FLOAT No. 50. — For description and Society luimshing characters and escort, see page 62 56 Carnival Parade \Vith riistories ana List or Societies Furnisliing CKaracters and Escorts The Carnival Parade of the Hudson-Fulton Celebratipn Commission, with the cooperation of the German, Austrian and Swiss Societies of the City of New York, in Manhattan Borough on Saturday evening, October 2, and Brooklyn Borough on Saturday evening, October 9, 1909, will be composed as follows, interspersed with bands of music. Mounted and unmounted Police; Grand Marshal, Maj.-Gen. Charles F. Roe, and staff; Hon. George B. McClellan, Mayor of the City of New York, and Mr. Herman Ridder, Chairman of the Carnival and Historical Parades Committee; Heralds, and the following floats and marching bodies: Marching German Veterans. I — Title Car: Music, Literature and Art Characters and escort, German Veterans. This car is an ornamental car to head the procession of floats, and bears its title. In the present instance it lakes the fantastic .shape of a dragon spouting flames and sur- rounded by fire. It is simply fantastic in design and is meant to prophesy the unconventional character of the floats which are to follow. 2^MaRS Characters and escort, German Veterans. Mars, the God of War, is represented riding in his chariot in the clouds, accompanied by two of his five goddesses which impersonate the evils which attend war. 3 — Colors Characters and escort, German Veterans. This float represents an enormous artist's palette poised ready for its invisible master. The human figures on it are an idealization of the colors as they appear on the palette just after having been squeezed from the artist's tubes preparatory to blending for his work. The seated figures need only to be stirred to life by the brush of the artist to do his bidding and perform the task that he has planned. Marching Singing Societies of Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx. 4 — Song Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. The principal figure in the float entitled "Song" repre- sents a wom.an playing upon a harp and singing. The birds and the plumes which enter into the decoration of the float symbolize the music of the feathered songsters. 5 — .^RION Characters and escort, United Singers of New York. Arion, a famous Corinthian musician, was returning home from a musical contest in Sicily, where he had won a great 57 money prize. In order to get his money tlie sailors plotted to kill him. They gave him time, however, to sing his death song, which so charmed the fishes that when Arion threw himself overboard a dolphin took the musician on his back and brought him safely to his home. This float represents his enthusiastic reception on his arrival. 6 — Crowning of Bekthoven Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. Fame, in this float, is crowning the bust of Beethoven with a laurel wreath as one of the greatest musicians of his age. Around him the Muses are dancing and singing as the master is crowned. 7 — ^olian Harp Characters and escor , United Singers of New York. This float is an idealization of the ."Eolian harp, which is one of the oldest musical instruments. The harp itself is represented in the ap x of the float and the figures which stand in front of the harp represent the winds playing on it. The large I'lgur holding the harp represents outdoor music. 8 — Lohengrin Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. Elsa, Duchess of Brabant, an orphan, was accused by her guardian, Friedrich, Count of Telramund, of the mur» der of her brother, of which she was innocent. She placed her defence in a knight, who she dreamed would ajj) eal- from the clouds to protect her. As she waited a boat ap-- peared, drawn by a swan. In it was Lohengrin. He camf ashore, conquered Friedrich, and saved the maiden. Th6 float represents his arrival. 9 — Lorelei Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. The float entitled "The Lorelei" represents in its chi^ figure the beautiful siren who has been a favorite themt in German song and poetry. 10 — Death of Fafner Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. Fafner, a giant, stole the Rheini^old which makes th^ golden glimmer on the Rhine. He took the form of ti. dragon to guard it and Siegfried son of Siegmund, waS appointed to kill him. The only weapon which was capable of killing the dragon, a sword called "Nothung," had been broken. After a long wait, Siegfried finally mended the sword himself, went to "Hate Hole" and killed Fafner and recovered the Rheingold II — Queen of Sheba Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. The Queen of Sheba, who, according to the tenth chap- ter of the first book of Kings, made a visit to King Solomon, is here represented at her meeting with the " wisest man." Near her is the litter in which she traveled. I 2 GOTTERDAMMERUNG Characters and escort. United Singers of Manhattan. "Oottcrdammerung" is the fourth part of Wagner's "Ring of the Nibelungen," in which Siegfried wrests the magic ring from Brunhilda and is murdered by Hagen, whereupon Brunhilda mounts the funeral pyre with his body, the Rhine daughters regain the ring, and the Val- halla burns. 13 — Meistersinger Characters and escort, United Singers of Manhattan. The meistersingers, or mastcrsingers, were those artistic poets who cultivated artistic poetry as distinguished from folk song. This float renrescnts the scene in Wagner's musical comedy, "Die Meistersinger von Niirnberg," in which Walter, a young knight in love with Eva, wins her hand by singing best in a tournament. Upon the float Walter is represented as singing before the judges. 14 — Walkure Characters and escort, United Singers of the Bronx. Die Walkure, or the Valkyries, were the maidens who attended Odin and who, riding through the air in briUiant armor, distributed death lots according to his command. They also conducted to Walhalla the souls of heroes who died in battle. 1 5 — Tannhauser Characters and escort. United Singers of the Bronx. \'enus, the Goddess of Love, when she was sent to the earth, became embittered, and she used sorcery to lure 58 mortals to her cave. Tannhauser, one of the best harpers and singers of Thuringia, was lured to her. He found a beautiful cave occupied by a beautiful woman, and was pleased to stay and learn her songs. This float represents Tannhauser in Venus's cave. 1 6 — Freischutz Characters and escort, United Singers of Brooklyn. Der Freischutz, the free shooter, was a legendary hunter who made a compact with the devil that six balls from his gun should follow his own will while the seventh should follow the devil's. It is the basis of Weber's famous opera. The float represents the retreat where the free shooters went to cast the magic bullets. \'arious characters from the opera — Mephistopheles, friars, free shooters and the heroine — are also represented. 17 — Siegfried Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. The float entitled "Siegfried" represents the scene in "The Ring of the Nibelungen" in which Siegfried, rears d by Mimi, the Nibelung, forges the magic sword with which to kill the dragon that guards the fateful ring. The float shows Siegfried and Mimi at the forge underground. 18 — Humor Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. This float, which is surmounted by a cap of folly and ornamented by jesters' wands, represents folly fully as much as humor. On the float are grapes and a bottle of Rhenish wine The figure-- on the fioat are dancing and singing and giving every evidence of being in the best of humor. 19 — TlTANIA Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. In Shakespeare's " Midsummer Xight's Dream '' Titania is the Fairv Queen and wife of Oberon. In west European folklore Oberon was the King of the Elves. 20 — Origin of Poetry Characters and escort, South German Society of Brooklyn. The float entitled "The Origin of Poetry" represents part of an old Norse legend. Odin entered the cave where Gunlad guarded a magic liquid which made the drinker thereof a poet. Ounlad permitted him to take a single draught from each of three vessels, but he drank all three dry. Then transforming himself into an eagle he flew toward Asgard. The gods set out their jars and Odin disgorged the inspiring liquid. That which fell in the jars was true poetry and that which fell on the ground belonged to the silly poets. Marching Austrian Singing Societies and Clubs. 21 — Andreas Hofer Characters and escort, Austrian Singing Society and Clubs. Andreas Hofer was a patriot leader of Tyrol who lived from 1767 to 1 810 and who, after France had secured possession of Tyrol, sought the reunion of Tyrol to Austria. The float represents him and some of his warriors in the mountains a few months before his betrayal into the hands of the French, by whom he was shot. Marching Turner Athletes 2 2 — Marathon Characters and escort. Turners, Athletes. The float entitled "Marathon" represents the incident which has led to the use of the word Marathon in connection with racing — namely, the arrival in Athens of the runner who brought from the famous battlefield of Marathon the news of the Greek victory over the Persians in the year 490 B.C. The classic columns and figures symbolize the Greek capital. Marching Bowling Clubs 23 — Frost King Characters and escort, United Bowling Clubs of New York. This float represents the mythical Frost King, who has control over the snows and the other elements of the winter. Around him are grouped his fairies, who have charge of the winds, the snows, the frost and the thaw. The Frost King is represented in his home directing the elements. Marching Sharpshooters. 24 — William Tell Characters and escort. Sharpshooters. William Tell, a famous marksman, refusing to salute the cap of Austria, was condemned to death, but permitted to 59 ransom himself by his skill in shooting an apple from his son's head. Having successfully performed that feat with- out injury to his son, and having been released. Tell availed himself of the first opportunity and shot Gessler, the tyrant. This float represents the arrest of Tell after having killed Gessler. 25 — NiMROD Characters and escort. Sharpshooters. Nimrod, who, according to Holy Writ, was the founder of the Babylonian and later of the Assyrian Empire, was a "mighty hunter before Jehovah." This float represents Nimrod and his fellow hunters in primitive costume en- gaged in the chase. 26 — Andromeda Characters and escort, Sharpshooters. Andromeda was the beautiful daughter of an Ethiopian king, a part of whose territory was devastated by a flood. When a sea monster appeared, whose wrath could be ap- peased only by the sacrifice of Andromeda, she was fas- tened to the rocl;s to await her fate. But as the mon- ster appears Perseus, returning from his successful battle with Medusa, happens along just in time, slays the monster, and receives the beautiful Andromeda as his reward. Marching Efnited Volksfest Societies of Manhattan and Brooklyn. 27 — Fritz Reuter Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Fritz Reuter was a German writer who lived from 1810 to 1874 and who wrote in Low German. His works were artistic in both pathos and humor. The float represents his bust, surrounded by figures personifying characters in his writings. Above all is the Goddess of Fame olTering the laurel wreath. 28 — Hansa Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. "The Hansa" was the name officially adopted in 1343 to designate the commercial league between various cities in Germany to protect the commerce of its members by land and sea, to extend business relations with foreigners, to kill competition and to maintain corporate immunities. It was better known as the Hanseatic League. The princi- pal figure on the float personifies Hansa, while packages of merchandise and the lighthouse indicate commerce. 29 — Harvesting Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Ceres, the Goddess of Grain and the Harvest, is the great figure in the midst of this float. She holds a horn of plenty and near by are sheaves of wheat. The figures around her represent the gathering of the harvest. 30 — Peace Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. The float entitled "Peace" represents that goddess hovering over the world with the olive branch, while the ideal conditions which will prevail when universal peace is established on earth are represented by the friendly companv of the lion and the lamb, and the shepherd boy and girl watching their flocks. 31 — Diana Characters and escort. North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Diana appears in mythology with many attributes, and poets sing to her as the Goddess of Night (the moon), the Goddess of Fruitfulness, and the Goddess of the animal kingdom. Above all other goddesses in the classical Pantheon she was the Huntress. In the latter character she is represented in this float, chasing a stag. 32 — Europa Characters and escort. North Germans of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Jupiter, King of the Gods, fell in love with Europa. a beautiful daughter of the Phoenician King Agenor. In order to win her he transformed himself into a beautiful white bull and mingled with a herd of cattle near he sea- shore where Europa and her maidens were. The girl no- ticed the bull, which was so gentle that she crowned him with garlands and finally climbed on to his back. Where- 60 upon the bull plunged into the sea and swam with her to Crete, where Jupiter again took his own form. This float shows Europa riding away on the bull's back. 33 — Heidelberg Characters and escort, South Germans. The float entitled "Heidelberg" represents that ancient castle and the famous Heidelberg tun in the cellar beneath. The latter, set up in 1751 by the Elector Charles Philip, has a capacity of forty nine thousand gaUons. Until lytg it was constantly kept full of Rhine wine. The legends which cluster around the old castle include that of a gnome who drank the great cask dry, a feat which, it is said, the students of Heidelberg have attempted in times past to emulate. 34— Gnomes Characters and escort. South Germans. The home of the gnomes was underground in a cave. They were always supposed to be blacksmiths by pro- fession. This float represents the court of the King of the Gnomes, with his subjects around him playing and working beneath the ground. The gnomes were always supposed to be the bad and mischievous fairies. 35 — Bavaria Characters and escort. South Germans. Bavaria is represented by a float bearing allegorical figures personifying the country — musicians artists, etc., representing the art nouveau. Marching Lodges and Benevolent Societies. 36 — Sirens Characters and escort, Lodges and Benevolent Societies. The Sirens, in mythology, were sea maidens with sweet voices, who by their charms lured voyagers to destruction upon the rocks of their island. In the Odyssey Ulysses stopped the ears of his oarsmen with wa.x so that they should not be diverted from their labors, while he caused himself to be bound to a mast so that he might listen to the Sirens' songs without danger. 37 — Medusa Characters and escort. Lodges and Benevolent Societies. In Greek mythology Medusa was a hideous female mon- ster whose hair was intertwined with serpents and whose glance turned people to stone. Perseus, -equipped with a magic helmet which rendered him invisible, and with a shield like a mirror, by means of which he could see the Gorgon without encountering her deadly glance, sought her out and slew her. The float represents the scene where Perseus looks inio the shield and sees Medusa. 38 — Elves of the Spring Characters and escort, Lodges and Benevolent Societies. The float entitled "The Elves of Spring" represents the opening of the flowers and the fairies issuing therefrom, suggesting the magical change which comes over the face of nature with the retreat of winter. Marching Independent Societies. 39 — Good Luck Characters and escort, Independent Societies. The float entitled " Good Luck " represents several forms of popular superstitions in the horseshoe, the rabbit, the fourleaved clover, the black cat, etc. The Swastika which gives the motive to the decoration of the drapery, has been a symbol of good luck among the i copies of both hemi- spheres, including the American Indians. 40 — The Jungle Characters and escort, Independent Societies. The folk lore of the ancients was based on their contact with the natural world — the dragon and other fabled beasts being poetic exaggerations of real life. "The Jungle" rep- resents a wilderness scene in the East, where the elephant occupied a conspicuous place in religion and mythology as wefl as daily life. 41 — Egyptian Art, IMusic and Literature Characters and escort. Independent Societies. The five arts of the ancient Egyptians are represented in this float. The great central figure holding a demigod in one hand and a harp in the other represents music and art. Music is further represented by the figures holding the ancient musica instruments. Literature is represented by the hieroglyphics on the float and architectural art and mythical literature are shown by the Sphinx and the tablets supported by Egyptian columns. 61 42 — Father Rhine Characlers and escort, Rheinische Carnival Society, The float represents the river Rhine. Old Father Rhine, himself, stands at the prow of the Rhenish carnival ship. At the foot of the Rhenish vineyard stands its faithful cul- tivator, and at the top of the rock stands the medieval castle, to guard the fruit of the vineyard. Marching United German Societies of Manhattan, Brook- lyn, Queens and Richmond. 43 — Germania Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. This float represents an idealization of Germany. _ Ger- mania, the central figure, holds the Imperial Crown in her hand. Beside her are the eagles, draped with the German colors. The nine figures represent the different states which make up United Germany. 44 — Mermaids Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. This float depicts a scene at the bottom of the ocean, the home of the mermaids which the sailormen's legends have always described as beautiful creatures with the bodies of women and the tails of fish, who lure sailors to the bottom of the sea and to their destruction. The artist has de- picted the mermaids disporting themselves on coral reefs surrounded by fish and other inhabitants of the deep and by seaweed and other plants of the sea. 45 — Fairies Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- hattin, Queens and Brooklyn. This float represents the home of the fairies among the flowers. The fairies were always believed to be little people who lived in the flowers, where they slept all day and came out to play at night while mortals were asleep. This float represents the fairies at play with the butterflies. . 46 — Cinderella Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. This float represents Cinderella just after the Prince has found her and has discovered that the silver slipper which no other woman in the kingdom could wear fitted her perfeclly. Cinderella is seated in the immense slipper with the Prince before her and near her are her jealous sisters and their friends. 47 — Orpheus Before Pluto Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. Orpheus, the son of Apollo, played the lyre so well that even the trees and rocks followed him around when he played. His beautiful wife, Eurydice, was bitten by a serpent and died. Orpheus followed her to the regions of the dead, and played so sweetly before Pluto, its king, that he finally consented that Eurydice should go back with him to the land of the living. Marching Swiss Societies 48 — God of the Alps Characters and escort, Swiss Society. The float called "The God of the Alps" illustrates a legend of Switzerland. The presiding Alpine deity had forbidden the killing of a certain animal, and a hunter, having disregarded a thrice-given warning and killed the animal, was himself slain by a stone hurled upon him by the God of the Alps. 49 — Avalanche of Freedom Characters and escort, Swiss Society. The float entitled "The Avalanche of Freedom" sym- bolizes Swiss liberty. It recalls the vow of the- Swiss at Rutli, where, in 1307 was planned the revolt against Austria which resulted in Swiss independence. The figure on the globe symbolizes freedom. The meadow at Rutli, which is regarded as the cradle of Swiss liberty, was pur- chased in 1859 by the school children of Switzerland to be preserved as a national memorial. United Singing Societies of Richmond 50 — Uncle Sam Welcoming the Nations Characters and escort. United Singers of Richmond. The float entitled "Uncle Sam Receiving" symbolizes the hospitality which the United States extends to the people of all nations of the world. 62 Carnival and riistorical Parades Committee Mr. Herbert Adams Mr. B. Altman Col. Andrew D. Baird Mr. August Belmont Hon. William Berri Mr. George C. Boldt Hon. David A. Boody Mr. Alexander F. Bouvet Hon. George C. Clausen Hon. John Diemer Hon. Reginald S. DouU Hon. Frank L. Dowling Hon. Robert F. Downing Mr. George Ehret Mr. William Temple Emmet Mr. Frank L. Frugone Mr. Henry Fuehrer Hon. Patrick F. Flynn Mr. Frank S. Gardner Mr. T. Greidanus Mr. Herman Ridder, Chainna> Hon. John D. Gunther Mr. Arthur H. Hearn Mr. Theodore Henninger Mr. Colgate Hoyt Hon. Wm. P. Kenneally Hon. Francis P. Kenney Gen. Horatio C. King Hon. Gustav Lindenthal Mr. Frank D. Millet Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy Hon. Arthur H. Murphy Mr. William C. Muschenheim Hon. Percival E. Nagle Hon. Lewis Nixon Mr. Eben E. Olcott Mr. William Church Osborn Mr. Bayard L. Peck Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley Mr. Louis C. Raegener Hon. James W. Redmond 63 Hon. David S. Rendt Mr. Carl J. Roehr Mr. Jacob H. Schiff Hon. Joseph Schloss Hon. George J. Schneider Dr. Gustav Scholer Mr. John Schroers Mr. Oscar R. Seitz Mr. Louis Seligsberg Mr. William Sohmer Mr. James Speyer Hon. Louis Sterr^ Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan Mr. Charles Swanson Mr. C. Y. Turner Mr. J. Leonard Varick Hon. Jacob J. Velten Mr. Edmund Wetmore Mr. Charles B. Wolffram Mr. Vincent W. Woytisek OFFICIAL PROGRAM Consisting of 32 pages, size 9^4 x 12, giving authentic informa- tion regarding the purposes of the Celebration and a full program of the events taking place each day. Containing, also, illustrations of all the floats used in the Historical and Carnival Parades. Cover in seven colors, illustrating the "Half Moon" and "Clermont." Price, postpaid, 25 Cents per Copy HISTORICAL PAGEANT SOUVENIR Consisting of 64 pages, size 7 x 10, printed in colors, illustrating the fifty-four floats of the Historical Parade, with an accurate historical sketch of each incident portrayed. Cover inlaid with a picture of the " Half Moon " in colors, and embossed. Books bound with a silk cord. Price, postpaid, 50 Cents per Copy REDFIELD BROTHERS, Inc. 311 West 43d Street, New York Sole Authorized Publishers of the above booths for The Hudson -Fulton Celebration Commission 64 ^ W 9 2 " ^ -.^^^^^'/ /^\ ^^K*" '^^^''^^ ^-./ P ^lliL.'* ^ '- \ J^ -^fae^"- "^^ * ■ •• IVERT 800KBINOINC. H "jfanurlif P,