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Gaylord Bros. 
 
 Makers 
 Syracuse, N. Y, 
 
 Misc. O-S * 
 
 U. S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 FOREST SERVICE. 
 
 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. 
 
 CAMP FIRES. 
 
 The law imposes a fine of $50 for leaving a camp fire 
 unextinguished, even though it does not escape and set 
 fire to the forest. There is also a penalty for allowing fire 
 to escape. 
 
 . Build a safe camp fire, in accordance with one of the 
 , models on pages 2 and 3, and put it out with water and 
 earth before you leave it. 
 Be careful with burning matches and tobacco. 
 
 1170°— 15 
 
D. at D. 
 OCT 15 1918 
 
Gaylord Bros. 
 
 Makers 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 
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HOW TO BUILD CAMP FIRES. 
 
 (See illustrations on pp. 2 and 3.) 
 
 Camp stoves should be taken into the woods whenever they can be 
 transported. They are safer than open fires, more convenient, require 
 less fuel, and do not blacken the cooking utensils. Collapsible sheet- 
 iron stove* may be obtained. 
 
 In the absence of a stove an open fire must be built. A safe and 
 serviceable fireplace can be made of rocks placed in a small circle so 
 as to support the utensils. (PL I, figs. 4 and 5.) Where rocks are not' 
 obtainable, poles may be used as in Plate I, figure 2. 
 
 For permanent camps it pays to build a stone fireplace. One is' 
 shown in Plate II. A piece of sheet iron will prevent the blackening^ 
 of the pans and makes a better draft. 
 
 For temporary camps the fire should be built as follows: 
 
 Dig a hole about a foot deep and about 3 or 4 feet in diameter. 
 Shovel away the side toward the wind. Lay green poles across the, 
 hole to support the pots and pans, and build the fire underneath. 
 (PI. I, fig. 1.) 
 
 Fire irons are often a great convenience. A piece of three- eighths- 
 inch round iron 4 feet long is bent at right angles a foot from each! 
 end and the ends are sharpened. Two of these irons are placed side' 
 by side, the ends are driven into the ground and the fire kindled be- 
 neath them. Instead of being made in one piece, the pegs and cross- 
 bars may be connected by rings in the ends. , (PI. I, fig. 3.) They 
 will then fold and be easier to pack. 
 
 Camp fires should never be larger than necessary, and the utmost j 
 care should be taken to prevent sparks from being carried into thej 
 neighboring forest. Clear away the litter for a considerable space! 
 about the fire. And be sure to put the fire out before you leave it. 
 
 A shovel is nearly as important a tool as an ax in camping. Do| 
 not count on finding one along the way, but put one in your outfit. 
 
 During wet weather look for kindling in burned sugar pine or yellow] 
 pine butts or in pine knots. The under side of a leaning tree will] 
 usually contain dry material. Dead branches — of manzanita, etc. — I 
 that have not yet fallen are drier than those on the ground. Bark 
 from fir snags is excellent fuel. 
 
 Where matches are scarce or when the weather is stormy, first lighty I 
 a candle and kindle your fire from that. 
 
 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT FRINTING OFFICE : 1915 
 
Gay lord Bros. 
 
 Makers 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 PAT. JAN. 21, 1908