PQ 6502 ,fll5 1905 Copy 1 Idas HHMMHIMI Sa> >V MMaMKifttfMflMMMMMttiactiMPOi '7* -W ^V") Class ^PQ eso^j Book. A- _ Copyright If. HOI _ :_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT •fceatb's flDofcern QLanauaoe Seriea NOVELAS CORTAS ESCOGIDAS D. PEDRO A. de ALARCON EDITED WITH NOTES AND VOCABULARY BY ALFRED REMY Instructor in Modern Languages in the Commercial High School, Brooklyn BOSTON, U.S.A. D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS x 9 5 LIBRARY of CONGRESS, Two Copies KsceiveU j JAN 10 1905 * Bowngnt tMiry COPY B. \*\o- Copyright, 1905, By D. C. Heath & Co. INTRODUCTION Pedro Antonio de Alarcon was born March 10, 1833, in Guadix in the province of Granada. His father, a poor nobleman, without consulting his son's inclina- tion destined him for the priesthood. But the inborn literary talent asserted itself at an early age. In 1853 the young man abandoned his theological studies, and with a bulky manuscript, a continuation of Espronceda's poem El Diablo Mu?ido, betook himself to Madrid in the hope of finding a publisher. This hope failing and see- ing no prospect of beginning a literary career in the capital, Alarcon turned his steps to Granada. Here he began life as a journalist. With two friends he estab- lished a periodical, El Eco del Occidente; his ability was soon recognized, and the Eco became the organ of the Colonia granadina, an association of talented young men of Andalusia. In 1854 Alarcon became the editor of the influential republican paper El Ldtigo in Madrid. His outspoken opinions and stinging satire soon involved him in trouble, which culminated in a duel with the poet Garcia Quevedo. Not satisfied with the position of a mere edi- tor, the young author's ambition turned toward expres- sion in the larger literary forms. In 1855 he published El Final de Norma, a fanciful, extravagant story of little artistic merit. The cool reception of this work led him to attempt the dramatic form. Accordingly, in 1857 El Hijo prodigo was performed and proved a dis- IV INTRODUCTION mal failure. This so discouraged the sensitive author that in 1859 he enlisted as a volunteer in O'DonnelPs army against Morocco. But Alarcdn's discouragement was only temporary. The new life and new scenery stimulated his powers of observation and soon reawakened his love for writing. In his spare moments he wrote a diary. After his re- turn to Spain in i860 he accepted the editorship of the republican journal La Politico,, and at once prepared his diary of the war for publication. It appeared in the same year under the title: Diario de un testigo de la guerra en Africa, The success of the book was phe- nomenal; within a fortnight 50,000 copies were sold, and Alarcon found himself a famous author. The exciting times which now followed distracted him for a while from literature and turned his attention to politics. In 1864 he was elected representative of Guadix to the Cortes. His sympathy with the republi- cans went so far, that in 1868 he fought under Serrano against the government. The battle of Alcolea on September 28, 1868 resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy. But now that the republicans were in power Alarcdn's enthusiasm seemed to grow cool, for during the period of the Republic he was comparatively in- active. Various political parties rose to power, and Alarcon changed his political views more than once. His enemies did not hesitate to accuse him of duplicity; but there seems to be no reason to doubt that his changes of party were prompted by changes of honest convictions as well as of political conditions. Before the restoration of the monarchy in 1874 he espoused the cause of the Conservatives and helped to INTRODUCTION V restore Alfonso XII to the throne. In 1875 the king appointed him Councillor of State and ambassador to Turkey, and also decorated him with the Gran Cruz of the order of Isabella. In the following year he was elected Senator and also a member of the Academy. This latter distinction he owed to the phenomenal suc- cess of his delightful little story El Sombrero de tres picos, which appeared in 1874 and carried his name far beyond Spain. The unqualified praise of the Sombrero stimulated the author's ambition. In 1875 appeared his most preten- tious work, El Escandalo, a defense of the Jesuits, which created a sensation and raised a host of enemies. In order to defend himself against the charge of intolerance he wrote El Nino de la Bola (1880), a fantastic story full of blood-curdling situations. The simple priest Trinidad Muley appears as the representative of a pious life, holding a just mean between agnosticism and bigo- try. The moderate success of these works led their author to return again to the shorter stories, in which he had been so successful. In 1881 appeared two volumes en- titled Novelas Cortas : I. Cuentos amatorios, II. Histo- rietas nacionales, and in the following year a third volume, Narraciones invero similes. All these stories had been written in earlier years (some as far back as 1853) and for various periodicals. Nevertheless, their ap- pearance in book-form was warmly welcomed. In 1881 appeared also La Prodiga and El Capitdn Veneno, an exquisite little story, which, although not received with the enthusiasm accorded to El Sombrero, is hardly in- ferior in literary merit, The great charm of El Capitdn VI INTRODUCTION is childlike simplicity combined with deep pathos and genuine humor. The enumeration of Alarcon's stories is completed by mentioning Cosas que fueron (1871) and Amoves y amorios (1875) both volumes being collections of short stories. His literary views and opinions Alarcon has expressed in a volume entitled: Juicios literarios y artisticos (1883). Some volumes of travels enjoy a reputation scarcely in- ferior to that of the short stories. These are: De Ma- drid a Ndpoles (1861), La Alpujarra (1874) and Viajes por Espana (1883). Despite the fact that Alarcon's prose works abound in poetic passages, his only volume of poems: Poesias serias y humoristicas (1870) is sadly lacking in poetic inspira- tion. Had it not been for Valera, it is not likely that Alarcon would ever have published those productions of his earliest youth, for all the poems were written before 1855- When, about the year 1880, Spanish critics became imbued with the naturalism of Zola, they seem to have lost a just appreciation of Alarcon's charming realism. They assumed a supercilious tone and spoke of the "false idealism" of their compatriot. The sensitive author thereupon became silent, and in his Historia de mis libros (1885) he shows that he keenly felt the changed attitude of the critics toward him. Alarcon died July 20, 1891, at Valdemoro near Madrid. Shortly after his death appeared a volume of posthumous writings entitled: Ultimos Escritos (1891), a collection of literary essays, stories of travel, poems and aphorisms. A. R. NQVELAS CORTAS ESCOGIDAS ** I. EL AFRANCESADO i. En la pequefia villa del Padron, 1 sita en territorio gallego, 2 y alia por el ano de 1808, vendia sapos y cule- bras y agua llovediza, 3 a fuer de legitimo boticario, un tal Garcia de Paredes, misantropo solterdn, descen- diente acaso, y" sin acaso, 4 de aquel varon ilustre que 5 mataba un toro de una pufiada. Era una fria y triste noche de otofio. El cielo estaba encapotado por densas nubes, y la total carencia de alumbrado terrestre dejaba a las tinieblas campar por su respeto en todas las calles y plazas de la poblacion. 10 A eso de las diez de aquella pavorosa noche, que las liigubres circunstancias de la patria hacian mucho mas siniestra, aesemboco en la plaza que hoy se llamara 5 de la Constitution un silencioso grupo de sombras, aun mas negras que la obscuridad de cielo y tierra, las cuales 6 15 avanzaron hacia la botica de Garcia de Paredes, cerrada completamente desde las Animas? 6 sea desde las ocho y media en punto. — — Y desde que vinieron al Padron se paso a ellos .... — ;Y esta noche da de cenar a todos los jefes! — jOid que algazara traen! j Pues no gritan /viva el 30 Emperador ! — Paciencia . . . . (murmuro el f raile. ) Todavia es muy temprano. EL AFRANCESADO 3 — Dejemosles emborracharse .... (expuso una vieja.) Despues entramos . . . . j y ni uno ha de quedar vivo ! — i Pido que se haga cuartos al boticario ! — i Se le hara ochavos, si quereis ! Un afrancesado es mas odioso que un frances. El frances atropella a un 5 pueblo extrafio: el afrancesado vende y deshonra a su patria. El frances comete un asesinato: el afrancesado jun parricidio! - » r-A^JU % II. Mientras ocurria la anterior escenajsn la puerta de la botica, Garcia de Paredes y sus convidados corrian la 10 francachela mas alegre y desaforada que os podais figurar. Veinte eran, en efecto, los franceses que el boticario tenia a la mesa, todos ellos jefes y oficiales. Garcia de Paredes contaria cuarenta y cinco afios; 15 era alto y seco y mas amarillo que una momia; dijerase que su piel estaba muerta hacia mucho tiempo; llega- bale la frente a la riuca, gracias a una calva limpia y reluciente, cuyo brillo tenia algo de fosforico; sus ojos, negros y apagados, hundidos en las descarnadas cuencas, 20 se parecian a esas lagunas encerradas entre montafias, que solo ofrecen obscuridad, vertigos y muerte al que las mira; lagunas que nada reflejan; que rugen sorda- mente alguna vez, pero sin alterarse; que devoran todo lo que cae en su superficie; que nada devuelven; que 25 nadie ha podido sondear; que no se alimentan de nin- giin rio, y cuyo fondo busca la imaginacion en los mares antfpodas. La cena era abundante, el vino bueno, la conversacion alegre y animada. 3° 4 NOVELAS CORTAS Los franceses rei'an, juraban, blasfemaban, cantaban, fumaban, comian y bebian a un mismo tiempo. Quien habia contado los amores secretos de Na- poleon 1 ; quien la noche del 2 de Mayo 2 en Madrid; 5 cual la batalla de las Piramides 3 ; cual otro la ejecucion de Luis XVI. 4 ; +jX+£ Garcia de Paredes bebia, reia y charlaba como los demas, 6 quizas mas que ninguno: y tan elocuente habia estado en favor de la causa imperial, que los soldados 10 del Ce'sar lo habian abrazado, lo habian vitoreado, le habian improvisado himnos. — jSefiores! (habia dicho el boticario): la guerra que os hacemos los espafioles es tan necia como inmotivada. Vosotros, hiios de la Revolucion, vein's a sacar a Espana 15 de su tradicional abatimiento, a despreocuparla, a di- sipar las tinieblas religiosas, a mejorar sus anticuadas costumbres, a ensenarnos esas utilisimas e r inconcusas verdades «de 5 que no hay Dios 6 , de que no hay otra vida, de que la penitencia, el ayuno, la castidad y demas 20 virtudes catolicas son quijotescas locuras, impropias de un pueblo civilizado, y de que Napoleon es el verdadero Mesi'as, el redentor de los pueblos, el amigo de la especie humana . . . . j Senores! jViva el Emperador cuanto yo deseo que viva! 25 — j Bravo, vitor! — exclamaron los hombres del 2 de Mayo. El boticario inclino la frente con indecible angustia. Pronto volvio a alzarla, tan rlrme y tan sereno como antes. 30 Bebiose un vaso de vino, y continuo: — Un abuelo mio, un Garcia de Paredes, un barbaro, un Sanson 7 , un Hercules, un Milon de Crotona 8 , ma to EL AFRANCESADO doscientos franceses en un dia .... Creo que fue en Italia. ;Ya,veis que jao era tan afrancesado como yo! i Adiestrose en las fides contra los moros del reino de Granada 1 ; armole caballero el mismo Rey Catolico 2 , y monto mas de una vez la guardia en el Quirinal 3 , 5 siendo Papa nuestro tio Alejandro Borja 4 ! \ Eh, eh! j No me haciais tan linajudo 5 ! — Pues este Diego Garcia de Paredes, este ascendiente mio . . . , que ha tenido un descendiente boticario, tomo a Cosenza 6 y Manfredonia 7 ; entro por asalto en Cerinola 8 , y peleo como bueno en la 10 batalla de Pavia 9 ! ; Alii hicimos prisionero a un rey de Francia 10 , cuya espada ha estado en Madrid cerca de tres siglos, hasta que nos la robo hace tres meses ese hijo de un posadero que viene a vuestra cabeza, y a quien ilaman Murat 11 ! 15 Aqui hizo otra pausa el boticario. Algunos franceses demostraron querer contestarle; pero el, levantandose, e imponiendo a todos silencio con su actitud, empuno convulsivamente un vaso, y exclamo con voz atrona- dora : 20 — j Brindo, sefiores, porque maldito sea mi abuelo, que era un animal, y porque se halle ahora mismo en los profundos infiernos! — jVivan los franceses de Fran- cisco I 12 y de Napoleon Bonaparte! — jVivan! . . . — respondieron los invasores, dandose 25 por satisfechos. j Y todos apuraron su vaso. Oyose en esto rumor en la calle, 6, mejor dicho, a la puerta de la botica. — I Habeis oido ? — preguntaron los franceses. 30 Garcia de Paredes se sonrio. — jVendran 13 a matarme ! — dijo. NOVELAS CORTAS - 1 Quien ? — Los vecinos del Padron. -torque? U — j Por af rancesado ! — Hace algunas noches que ron- 5 dan mi casa .... — Pero ,; que nos importa ? — Conti- nuemos nuestra fiesta. — Si.... j continuemos! (exclamaron los convida- dos.) j Estamos aqui para defenderos! Y chocando ya botellas contra botellas, que no vasos io contra vasos. — i Viva Napoleon ! j Muera Fernando ! j Muera Gali- cia! — gritaron a una voz. y^ , Garcia de Paredes espero a 1 que se acallase el brindis, y murmurd con acento lugubre: flt^v 1 5 — iCeledonio! ^ El rhancebo de la botica asomo por una puertecilla su cabeza palida y demudada, sin atreverse a penetrar en aquella caverna. — Celedonio, trae papel y tintero — dijo tranquila- 20 mente el boticario. -» El mancebo volvio con recado de escribir. — jSientate! (continud su amo.) — Ahora, escribe las cantidades que yo te 2 vaya diciendo. Divfdelas en dos columnas. Encima de la columna de la derecha, pon: 8 25 Deuda, y encima de la otra: Credito. — Sefior .... (balbuceo el mancebo.) — En la puerta hay una especie de motin .... Gritan / muera el botica- rio! . . . . Y | quieren entrar ! — i Callate y dejalos! — r- Escribe lo que te he dicho. 30 Los franceses se rieron de admiracion al ver al far- maceutico ocupado en ajustar cuentas cuando le rodea- ban la muerte y la ruina. EL AFRANCESADO J Celedonio alzo la cabeza y eniristro la pluma, esperan- do cantidades que anotar. — jVamos 1 a ver, sefiores! (dijo entonces Garcia de Paredes, dirigiendose a sus comensales,) — Se trata de resumir nuestra fiesta en un solo brmd'is. Empecemos 5 por orden de colocaci^n. — Vos, Capitan, decidme: I cuantos espafioles habreis matado desde que pasasteis los Pirineos? — j Bravo ! j Magnifica idea ! — exclamaron los fran- ceses. 10 — Yo.. . . . (dijo el interrogado, trepandose en la silla y retofciendose el bigote con petulancia.) Yo .... habre matado .... personalmente . . . .con mi espada . . . . j po- ned unos diez 6 doce ! — j Once a la derecha! — grito el boticario, dirigien- l S dose al mancebo. El mancebo repitio, despues de escribir: — i Corriente ! (prosiguid el anfitrion. 2 ) — 1 Y vos ? — Con vos hablo, sefior Julio .... 20 — Yo . . . . seis.^ — ^Y vos, mi Comandante? — Yo .... veinte. — Yo .... ocho. — Yo . . . . catorce. 25 _Yo...ninguno. j^ foJLl — jYonose!...; he tirado a ciegas ... — respondia cada cual, segiin le llegaba su turno. Y el mancebo segufa anotando cantidades a la de- recha. 30 — jVeamos ahora, Capitan! (continuo Garcia de Paredes.) — Volvamos a empezar por vos. ^Cuantos 8 NOVELAS CORTAS espanoles esperais matar en el resto de la guerra, su- poniendo que dure todavia . . . tres afios ? — jEh! . . . (respondio el Capitan.) — ^Quien calcula eso? 5 — Calculadlo . . . ; os lo suplico . . . — Poned otros once. — Once a la izquierda ... — dicto Garcia de Paredes. Y Celedonio repitio: — Credito, once. 10 — <;Y vos? — interrogo el farmaceutico por el mismo orden seguido anteriormente. — Yo . . . quince. — Yo . . . veinte. — Yo . . . ciento. 15 — Yo . . . mil — respondian los franceses. — j Ponlos todos a diez, Celedonio! . . . (murmuro ironicamente el boticario.) — Ahora, suma por separado las dos columnas. El pobre joven, que habia anotado las cantidades con 20 sudores de muerte, viose obligado a hacer el resumen con los dedos, como las viejas. Tal era su terror. _*• Al cabo de un rato de horrible silencio, exclamo, diri- giendose a su amo: — Denda . . ., 285. — Credito . . ., 200. 25 — Es decir . . . (afiadio Garcia de Paredes), \ dos- cientos ochenta y cinco muertos, y doscientos sentencta- dos! j Total, cuatrocientas ochenta y cinco victitnasj '// Y pronuncio estas palabras con voz tan honda y sepulcral, que los franceses se miraron alarmados. 30 En tanto, el boticario ajustaba una nueva cuenta. — jSomos unos he'roes! — exclamo al terminarla. — Nos hemos bebido sete^ a botellas, 6 sean ciento cinco EL AFRANCESADO 9 libras y media de vino, que, repartidas entre veintiuno, pues todos hemos bebido con igual bizarr^a, dan cinco libras de liquido por cabeza. — ; Repito que somos unos heroes! i * / Crujieron enesto las tafias de la puerta de la botica, 5 y el mancebo Balbuced tambaleandose: — i Ya entran ! . . . <;Que hora es? — pregunto el boticario con suma tran- quilidad. — Las once. Pero <;no oye usted que entran? 10 — j Dejalos ! Ya es hora, ~r- jHora! . . . ,;de que? — murmuraron los franceses, procurando levantarse. Pero estaban tan ebrios, que no podian moverse de sus sillas. 1 5 - — [Que entren! [Que entren! . . . (exclamaban, sin embargo, con voz vinosa, sacando los sables con mucha diflcultad y sin conseguir ponerse de pie.) jQue entren esos canallas! j Nosotros los recibiremos! En esto, sonaba ya abajo, en la botica, el estrepito de 20 los botes y redomas que los vecinos del Padron hacian pedazos, y oiase resonar en la escalera este grito una- nime y terrible : — i Muera el afrancesado ! hi. Levantdse Garcia de Pa^ 3des, como impulsado por un 25 resorte, al oir semejante clamor dentro de su casa, y apoydse en la mesa para no caer de nuevo sobre la silla, Tendio en torno suyo una miracja de inexplicable rego- 10 NOVELAS CORTAS cijo, dejo ver en sus labios la inmortal sonrisa del triun^ fador, y asi, transfigurado y hermoso, con el doble temblor de la muerte y del entusiasmo, pronuncio las siguientes palabras, entrecortadas y solemnes como las 5 campanadas del toque de agonia: — j Franceses! ... Si cualquiera 1 de vosotros, 6 todos juntos, hallarais ocasidn propicia de vengar la muerte de doscientos ochenta y cinco compatriotas y de salvar la vida a otros doscientos mas; si sacriflcando vuestra io existencia pudieseis desenojar la indignada sombra de vuestros antepasados, castiga-r a los verdugos de dos- cientos ochenta y cinco heroes, y librar de la muerte a doscientos hermanos, aumentando asi las huestes del ejer- cito patrio con doscientos campeones de la independent 1 5 cia nacional, «; reparariais ni un momento en vuestra miserable vida ? i Dudariais ni un punto en abrazaros r como Sanson, a la columna del ternplo,. y morir, a grecio de matar a los enemigos de Dios? — <:Que dice? — se preguntaron los franceses. 20 — Senor . . ., j los asesinos 2 estan en la antesala! — - exclamo Celedonio. — i Que entren! . . . (grito Garcia de Paredes.) — Abreles la puerta de la sala . . . j Que vengan todos". . . a ver como muere el descendiente de un soldado de Pavia ! 25 Los franceses, aterrados, 3 estiipidos, clavados en sus sillas por insoportable letargo, creyendo que la muerte de que hablaba el espanol iba a entrar en aquel aposento en pos de los amotinados,rhacian penosos esfuerzos por levantar los sables, que yacfan sobre la mesa; pero ni 30 siquiera conseguian que sus^ojos dedos asiesen las em- pufiaduras: parecia que los hierros estaban adheridos a la tabla por insuperable fuerza de atraccion. •I' s EL AFRANCESADO II En esto inundaron la estancia mas de cincuenta hom- bres y mujeres, armados con palos, pufiales y pistolas, dando tremendos alaridos y lanzando fuego por los •ojos. *™*iJ( jlh' — j Mueran todos ! — exclamaron algunas mujeres, Ian- 5 zandose las primeras. — jDeteneos! 1 — grito Garcia de Paredes con tal voz, con tal actitud, con tal fisonomia, que, unido este grito a la inmovilidad y silencio de los veinte franceses, impuso frfo terror a la muchedumbre, la cual no se esperaba 10 aquel tranquilo y Iugubre recibimiento. — No teneis para que' blandir los punales . . . (con- tinuo el boticario con voz desfallecida.) — He hecho mas que todos vosotros por la independencia de la Pa- tria . . . jMe he fmgido afrancesado! . . . Y jya veis! ... 15 los veinte Jefes y Oficiales invasores ... jlos veinte! — no los toqueis ... — j estan envenenados ! . . . Un grito simultaneo de terror y admiracion salio del pecho de los espafioles. Dieron estos un paso mas hacia los convidados, y hallaron que la mayor parte estaban 20 ya muertos, con la cabeza caida hacia adelante, los brazos extendidos sobre la mesa, y la mano crispada en la empufiadura de los sables. Los demas agonizaban silenciosamente. — jViva Garcia de Paredes! — exclamaron entonces 25 los espafioles, rodeando al heroe moribundo. — Celedonio . . . (murmuro el farmaceutico.) — El •opio se ha concluido . . . Manda por opio a la Coruna 2 . . . Y cayo de rodillas. Solo entonces comprendieron los vecinos del Padrdn 30 que el boticario estaba tambien envenenado. Vierais entonces un cuadro tan sublime como espan- 12 NOVELAS CORTAS toso. — Varias mujeres, sentadas en el suelo sostenian en sus faldas y en sus brazos al expirante patriota, siendo las primeras en colmarlo de caricias y bendiciones, como antes fueron las primeras en pedir su muerte. — Los 5 hombres habian, cogido todas las luces de la mesa, y alumbraban arrodillados aquel grupo de patriotismo y caridad ... — Quedaban, finalmente, en la sombra veinte muertos 6 moribundos, de los cuales algunos iban desplo- mandose contra el suelo con pavorosa pesantez. [o Y a cada suspiro de muerte que se oia, a cada frances que venia a tierra, una sonrisa gloriosa iluminaba la faz de Garcia de Paredes, el cual de alii a poco devolvio su espiritu al cielo, bendecido 1 por un Ministro del Sefior y llorado de 2 sus hermanos en la Patria. -JZ II. LA BUENAVENTURA No se que dfa de Agosto del afio 1816 llego a las puertas de la Capitama general de Granada 1 cierto hara- poso y grotesco gitano, de sesenta anos de edad, de oficio esquilador y de apellido 6 sobrenombre Heredia, caba- 5 Hero en flaquisirho y destartalado burro mohino, cuyos arneses se reducian 2 a una soga atada al pescuezo; y, echado que hubo pie a tierra, dijo con la mayor frescura aque queria ver al Capitdn general.^ Excuso 4 afiadir que semejante pretension excito sucesi- 10 vamente la resistencia del centinela, las risas de los ordenanzas y las dudas y vacilaciones de los edecanes antes de llegar a conocimiento del Excelentisimo Sr. D. Eugenio Portocarrero, conde del iVfontijo, a la sazon Capitan general del antiguo reino de Granada . . . Pero 15 como aquel procer era hombre de muy buen humor y tenia muchas noticias- de Heredia, celebre por sus chistes, por sus cambalaches y por su amor a lo ajeno . . ., con permiso del engafiado dueno, did orden de 5 que dejasen pasar al gitano. 20 Penetro este en el despacho de Su Excelencia, dando dos pasos adelante y uno atras, que era como andaba en las circunstancias graves, y ponie'ndose de rodillas exclamd : 14 NOVELAS CORTAS — jViva Maria Santisima 1 y viva su merced, que es el amo de toitico 2 el mundo!, . ^. — Levantate; de'jate de zalamerias, y dime que se te ofrece ... — respondio el Conde con aparente sequedad. 5 Heredia se puso tambien serio, y dijo con muclio des- parpajo: — Pues, senor, vengo a que se me den los mil reales. — ,; Que' mil reales ? — Los ofrecidos hace dias, en un bando, al que presente 10 las senas de Parrdn. — Pues j que ! i tii lo conocias ? — No, sefior. — Entonces. . . . — Pero ya lo conozco. 15 — jComo! — Es muy sencillo. Lo 3 he buscado; lo he visto; traigo las senas, y pido mi ganancia. — I Estas seguro de que lo has visto ? — exclamo el Capi- tan general con un interes que se sobrepuso a sus dudas. 20 El gitano se echo a reir, y respondio: — j Es claro! Su merced dira: este gitano es como todos, y quiere enganarme. 4- j No me perdone Dios si miento! — Ayer vi a Parron. — Pero ^sabes tii la importancia de lo que dices? 25 1 Sabes que hace tres afios que se persigue a ese monstruo, a ese bandido sanguinario, que nadie conoce ni ha po- dido nunca ver ? <; Sabes que todos los dias roba, en distintos puntos de estas sierras, a algunos pasajeros, y despues los asesina, pues dice que los muertos no hablan, 30 y que ese es el unico medio de que uunca de con el la Justicia? 1 Sabes, en fin, que ver a Parron es encontrarse con la muerte? LA BUENAVENTURA I 5 El gitano se volvio a reir, y dijo: — Y^no sabe su merced que lo que no puede hacer un gitano no hay quien lo haga sobre la tierra P 1 ,; Conoce nadie cuando es verdad nuestra risa 6 nuestro llanto? I Tiene su merced noticia de alguna zorra que sepa tantas 5 picardias como nosotros ? — Repito, mi General, que, no solo he visto a Parron, sino que he hablado con el. — ; Donde ? — En el cammo de Tozar. 2 — Dame pruebas de ello. 10 — Escuche su merced. Ayer manana hizo ocho 3 dias que caimos mi borrico y yo en "poder de unos ladrones. Me maniataron muy bien, y me llevaron por unos ba- rrancos endemoniados hasta dar con una plazoleta donde___ acampaban los bandidos. - Una cruel 'sospecha me tenia 15 desazonado. — ((^Seraesta gente de Parron? (me decia a cada instante.) j Entonces no hay remedio, me matan! . . ., pues ese maldito 4 se ha empefiado en que ningunos ojos que vean su fisonomia vuelvan a ver cosa ninguna.» Estaba yo haciendo estas reflexiones, cuando se me 20 presento un hombre vestido de macareno con mucho lujo, y dandome un golpecito en el hombro y sonrie'ndose con suma gracia, me dijo: — Compadre, 5 j yo soy Parron! Oir esto y caerme de espaldas, todo fue una misma 25 cosa. El bandido se echo a reir. Yo me levante desencajado, me puse de rodillas, y exclame en todos los tonos de voz que pude inventar: jBendita 4 sea tu alma, rey de los hombres! . . . 1 Quien 30 no habia de conocerte por ese porte de prfncipe real 6 que Dios te ha dado? ;Y tjue^'haya madre que para tales 1 6 NOVELAS CORTAS hijos! J Jesus! j Deja que te de un abrazo, hijo mio! i Que en mal hora muera si no tenia gana de encontrarte el gitanico 1 para decirte la buenaventura y darte un beso en esa mano de emperador! — jTambien yo soy de los 5 tuyos ! i Quieres que te ensefie a cambiar burros muertos por burros vivos? — <; Quieres vender comp potrS's tus caballos viejos? <; Quieres que le 2 ensefie el france's a una mula ? ^^um El Conde del Montijo no pudo contener la risa .... 10 — Luego 3 pregunto : — Y <:que respondio Parron a todo eso ? <; Que hizo? — Lo mismo que su merced; reirse a^toch) ?fapo. — ^Y tii? — Yo, sefiorico, 4 me reia tambien; pero me corrian 1 5 por las patillas lagrimones'como naranjas. — Continiia. Oimjt En seguida me alargd la mano y me dijo: — Compadre, es V. el linico hombre de talento que ha caido en mi poder. Todos los demas tienen la mal- 20 dita costumbre de procurar entristecerme, de llorar, de quejarse y de ha'cer otras tonterias que me ponen de mal humor. Solo V. me ha hecho reir: y si no fuera por esas lagrimas .... — Q u ^> j sefior, si 5 son de alegria! 25 — Lo creo. j Bien sabe el demonio que es la primera vez que me he reido desde hace seis u ocho afios! — Verdad es que tampoco he llorado .... — Pero despachemos. — j Eh, muchachos ! Decir 6 Parron estas palabras y rodearme una nube de 30 trabucos, todo fue un abrir y cerrar de ojos. — i Jesus me ampare ! — empece' a gritar. — ;Deteneos! (exclamo Parron.) No se trata de eso LA BUENAVENTURA I 7 todavi'a. — Os llamo para preguntaros que le 1 habeis to- / mado a este hombre. — Un burro en pelo. 2 x r***JL ■'-?■ — <;Y dinero? — Tres duros y siete reales. 3 5 — Pues dejadnbs solos. Todos se alejafbn: — Ahora, dime la buenaventura — exclamo el ladron, tendiendome la mano. Yo se 4 la cogi; medite un momento; conoci que estaba 10 en el caso de hablar fbrmalmente, y le dije con todas las veras de mi alma: — Parron, tarde que temprano, ya me quites la vida, ya me la dejes . . . ., jmoriras aHorcado! — Eso ya lo sabi'a yo . . . . (respondio el bandido con 15 entera tranquilidad.) - — Dime cudndo. Me puse a cavilar. ' ^ Qlfc Este hombre (pense) m,e 5 va a perdonar la vida; ma- nana llego a Granada y doy el cante ; pasado mafiana lo cogen .... Despues empezara la sumaria .... 20 — I Dices que 6 cudndo? (le respondi en alta voz.) — Pues jmira! va a ser el mes que entra. Parron se estremecjd, y yo tambie'n, conociendo que el amor propio de adivino me podia salir por la tapa de los sesos. 7 25 — Pues mira tii, gitano . . . . (contesto Parron muy lentamente.) Vas a quedarte en mi poder .... — j Si en todo el mes que entra no me ahorCan, te ahorco yo a ti, tan cierto como ahorcaron a mi padre! — Si muero para esa fecha, quedaras libre. 30 — jMuchas gracias! (dije yo en mi interior.) j Me perdona .... despues de muerto ! NOVELAS CORTAS Y me arrepenti de haber echado tan corto el plazo. 1 Quedamos en lo dicho 2 : fui conducido a la cueva, donde me encerraron, y Parron mpnto en su yegua y tomo el tole por aquellos brefiales .... — Vamos, ya comprendo .... (exclamd el Conde del Montijo.) Parron ha muerto; tii has quedado libre, y por eso sabes sus senas .... — jTodo lo contrario, mi General! Parron vive, y aqui entra lo mas negro de la presente historia. io Pasaron ocho dias sin que el capitan volviese a ver- me. Segun pude entender, no habia parecido por alii 3 desde la tarde que le hice la buenaventura; cosa que nada tenia de raro, a lo que me conto uno de mis guar- dianes. 15 — Sepa V. (me dijo) que el Jefe se va al infierno de vez en cuando, y no vuelve hasta que se le antoja. — Ello es que nosotros no sabemos nada de lo que hace durante sus largas ausencias. A todo esto, a fuerza de ruegos, y como pago de 20 haber dicho la buenaventura a todos los ladrones, pro- nosticandoles que no serian ahorcados y que llevarfan una vejez muy tranquila, habia yo conseguido que por las tardes me sacasen de la cueva y me atasen a un arbol, pues en mi encierro me ahogaba de calor. 25 Pero excuso decir que nunca faltaban a mi lado un par de centinelas. Una tarde, a eso de las seis, los ladrones que habfan salido de servicio aquel dia a las ordenes del segundo 4 LA BUENAVENTURA 1 9 de Parron^ regresaron al campamenfco, llevando consigo 1 , manlatado como pintan a nuestro Padre Jesus Naza- reno, a un pobre segador de cuarenta a cincuenta afios, cuyas lamentaciones partian el alma. — j Dadme mis veinte duros! (decia. ) ;Ah! ; Si su- 5 pierais con que afanes los he ganado ! j Todo un verano segando bajo el fuego del sol!.... jTodo un verano lejos de mi pueblo, de mi mujer y de mis hijos'! — jAsi he reunido, con mil sudores y privaciones, esa suma, con que podriamos vivir este invierno! .... jY cuando 10 ya voy de vuelta, deseando abrazarlos y pagar las deudas que para comer hayan hecho aquellos infelices, ^ como he de perder ese dinero, que es para mi un te- soro? — jPiedad, sefiores! {Dadme mis veinte duros! j Dadmelos, por los dolores 2 de Maria Santisima! 15 Una carcajada de burla contesto a las quejas del pobre padre. Yo temblaba de horror en el arbol a que estaba ata- do; porque los gitanos tambien tenemos 3 familia. — No seas loco .... (exclamo al fin un bandido, di- 20 rigie'ndose al segador.) — Haces mal en pensar en tu dinero, cuando tienes cuidados mayores en que ocu- parte .... — jComo! — dijo el segador, sin comprender que hubiese desgracia mas grande que dejar sin pan a sus 25 hijos. — i Estas en poder de Parron! — Parron . . . . j No le 4 conozco ! . . . . Nunca lo he oido nombrar . . . . jVengo de muy lejos! Yo soy de Ali- cante, 5 y he estado segando en Sevilla. 6 30 — Pues, amigo mio, 7 Parron quiere decir la muerte. Todo el que cae en nuestro poder es preciso que muera. 8 2 NOVELAS CORTAS Asi, pues, haz 1 testamento en dos minutos y encomienda el alma en otros dos. — jPreparen! jApunten! — Tienes cuatro minutos. — Voy a aprovecharlos .... j Of dme, por compa- 5 sion! .... — Habla. — Tengo seis hijos . . . . y una mfeliz .... — dire viu- da . . . , pues veo que voy a morir .... — Leo en vues- tros ojos que sois peores que rieras . . . . ;Si, peores! io Porque las neras de una misma especie no se devoran unas a otras. — jAh! jPerdon! .... No se lo que me 2 digo. — j Caballeros, alguno de ustedes sera 3 padre! .... I No hay un padre entre vosotros ? i Sabeis lo que son seis nifios pasando 4 un invierno sin pan? i Sabeis lo que 15 es una madre que ve 5 morir a los hijos de sus entranas, diciendo: « Tengo hambre . . . , tengo frio»? — Senores, iyo no quiero mi vida sino por ellos! 1 Que es para mi la vida? {Una cadena de trabajos y privaciones! — jPero debo 6 vivir para mis hijos! .... j Hijos mios! 20 j Hijos de mi alma! Y el padre se arrastraba por el suelo, y levantaba hacia los ladrones una cara .... j Que cara! .... jSe parecia a la de los santos que el rey Nerdn 7 echaba a los tigres, segiin dicen los padres predicadores . . . . 8 25 Los bandidos sintieron moverse algo dentro de su pecho, pues se miraron unos a otros . . . . ; y viendo que todos estaban pensando la misma cosa, uno de ellos se atrevio a decirla .... — <:Que dijo? — pregunto el Capitan general, pro- 30 fundamente afectado por aquel relato. — Dijo: « Caballeros, lo que vamos a hacer no lo sabra nunca Parron . . . . » LA BUENAVENTURA 21 \ — Nunca ... . , nunca .... — tartamudearon los ban- didos. — Marchese V., buen hombre .... — exclamo enton- ces uno que hasta lloraba. Yo hice tambien senas al segador de que se fuese al 5 instante. El infeliz se levanto lentamente. — Pronto . . . . j Marchese V. ! — repitieron todos, vol- viendole la espalda. El segador alargo la mano maquinalmente. 10 — ,; Te parece poco ? (grito uno. ) — j Pues_ no quiere su dinero! — Vaya . . . ., vaya . . . . j No nos tiente V. la paciencia ! El pobre padre se alejo llorando, y a poco desapa- recio. 15 Media hora habia transcurrido, empleada por los la- drones en jurarse unos a otros no decir nunca a su capi- tan que habian perdonadfc la vida a un hombre, cuando de pronto aparecio Parron, trayendo al segador en la grupa de su yegua. 20 Los bandidos retrocedieron espantados. Parron se aped muy despacio, descolgo su escopeta de dos canones, y, apuntando a sus camaradas, dijo^: — I Imbeciles! jlnfames! j No se como no os mato a todos! — | Pronto! j Entregad a este hombre los duros 25 que le habeis robado! Los ladrones sacaron los veinte duros y se 1 los dieron al segador, el cual se arrojd a los pies de aquel perso- naje que dominaba a los bandoleros y que tan buen co- razon tenfa .... 30 Parron le dijo: — jA la paz de Dios! — Sin las indicaciones de V., 2 2 NOVELAS CORTAS nunca hubiera dado con ellos. jYa ve V. que descon- fiaba de mi sin motivo ! . . . . He cumplido mi prome- sa . . . . Ahf tiene V. sus veinte duros .... — Conque ren marcha! 5 El segador lo abrazo repetidas veces y se alejo lleno de jiibilo. Pero no habria andado cincuenta pasos, cuendo su bienhechor lo llamo de nuevo. El pobre hombre se apresuro a volver pies atras. io — Notose entonces que Manuel, el nuevo miguelete, dio un retemblido y retrocedio un poco, como para ocultarse detras de sus compafieros ... 25 Al propio tiempo Heredia fijo en el sus ojos; y dando un grito y un salto como si le hubiese picado una vibora, arranco a correr hacia la calle de San Jeronimo. Manuel se echo la car?bina a la cara y apunto al gitano ... 30 Pero otro miguelete tuvo tiempo de mudar la direccion del arma, y el tiro se perdio en el aire. 2 NOVELAS CORTAS — i Esta loco! j Manuel se ha vuelto loco! jUn mi- guelete ha perdido el juicio ! — exclamaron sucesivamente los mil espectadores de aquella escena. Y oficiales, ^ sargentos, y paisanos rodeaban a aquel 5 hombre, que pugnaba por escapar, y al que por lo mismo sujetaban con mayor fuerza, abrumandolo a preguntas. reconvenciones y dictenos que no le arrancaron contes- tacion alguna. Entretanto Heredia habiasido preso en la plaza de la 10 Universidad por algunos transeuntes, que, viendole correr despues de haber sonado aquel tiro, lo tomaron por un malhechor. c ■ ' ***~^A — i Llevadme a la Capitania general! (decia el gi- tano.) j Tengo que 1 hablar con el Conde del Montijo! i5 — iQue Conde del Montijo ni que nirio muerto! 2 (le respondieron sus aprehensores.) — j Ahi estan los migue- letes, y ellos veran lo que hay que hacer con tu persona ! — Pues lo mismo me da . . . (respondio Heredia) — Pero tengan Vds. cuidado de que no me mate Parron. . . 20 — i Como Parron? . . . ^ Que dice este hombre? — Venid y vereis. Asi diciendo, el gitano se hizo conducir delante del jefe de los migueletes, y senalando a Manuel, dijo: — Mi Comandante, \ e'se es Parron, y yo soy el gitano 25 que did hace quince dias sus senas al Conde del Montijo! — j Parron! j Parron esta preso! j Un miguelete era Parron . . . ! — gritaron muchas voces. — -No me cabe cluda . . . (decia entretanto el Coman- dante, leyendo las senas que le habia^plado el Capitan 30 general.) — jAf§ que hemos estado torses! — Pero ^a quien se le hubiera ocurrido buscar al capitan de la- drones entre los migueletes que iban a prenderlo ? — jNecio d> LA BUENAVENTURA 27 de mi! (exclamaba al mismo tiempo Parron, mirando al gitano con ojos de leon heridoj: |es el unico hombre a quien he perdonado la vida ! j Sierezco lo que me pasa! A la semana siguiente ahorcaron a Parron. 5 Cumplidse, pues, literalmente la buenaventura del gi- tano . . . r^XilL Lo cual (dicho sea para concluir dignamente) no significa que debais creer en la infalibilidad de tales vaUcinios, ni menos que fuera acertada regla de con- 10 ducta la de Parron, de matar a todos los que llegaban a conocerle . . . — Significa tan solo que los caminos de la Providencia son inescrutables para la razon humana; — doctrina que, a mi juicio, no puede ser mas ortodoxa. III. EL ASISTENTE Que horas tan dulces sonylas que siguen a una comida de amigos entusiastas, rociada grandemente de ti^anza- nilla, cuando el humo de los cigarros envuelve ya a los comensales, levandose la imaginacion iras sus giros 5 voluptuosos, mientras el dedo de la memoria hojea me- lancolicamente el libro de lo pasado, y los secretos se desbordan de todos los corazones, y la mascara cae de todos los semblantes, y llueven las anecdotas, los chistes, los cuentos, las historias, los dramas y los poemasj • ^ -fji 10 Todos cuentan algo: hasta el mas taciturno y descon- fiado descubre el fondo de su alma. , Los criados 6 mozos (segiin que sea en casa 6 en fonda) han aban- donado el comedor. Ya no se habla de miisica, de polftica, de literatura, de religiones . . . Se habla de la 15 vida, del tiempo, de la esperanza, del mundo cual es en si. 1 Todos los espirijus se han alzado a igual altura, y desde aquella cumbre filosofica echan miradas retrospec- tivas a las llanuras de la existencia, y tranquilas ojeadas al descehso de los dias . . . 20 Dice Byron : 2 Yo gusto del fuego, de los crujidos de la lena, de una botella de Champagne y de una buena co?iver- sacion. Nosotros lo teniamos todo..., menos lena, porque prin- cipiaba Mayo y estabamos en Andalucia, 3 en Granada, 4 25 en la Alhambra, 5 en la fonda de Los Siete Suelos* U^rri* 28 EL ASTSTENTE 29 Habiamos hablado de muchas personas: de ese mismo Byron, del Duque de Reichstadt, 1 de Luis XVII, 2 de la papisa Juana, 3 del Preste Juan de las Indias, 4 de D. Se- bastian de Portugal 5 y de otros muertos ilustres, cuando, no,se por que caiimo, llegamos a hablar de perros, de 5 monos, de hotentotes, y por ultimo, de asistentes. Un Capitan muy joyen, muy bravo y muy ilustrado, a quien dedico esta resena, tomo entonces la palabra, y, sobre pbco mas 6 menos, 6 vino a contarnos lo que sigue: 10 — Quiero que formeis idea exacta de lo que es ese tipo sublime que medio habeis adivinado. Luego podreis vosotros deducir las consecuencias que querais en pro 6 / en contra de la civilizacidn cristiana y de la civilizacion en general; podreis seguir discutiendo acerca del mani- 15 queismo, 7 del instinto de los animates, del merito y deme- rito de las acciones humanas, y de la forma social que se adapta mejor a nuestra naturaleza caida ... En cuanto a mi, hombre practico, me contentare con referiros un hecho, q_sea con acusarme de una culpa. 20 — i Historia tenemos! (dijimos todos, arrellanandonos en las sillas.) jAsi termina toda buena conversacion! — jHable el Capitan! N Este encendid su tercer cigarro, y dijo con solemnidad y tristeza: 25 — Desde que sail del Colegio e ingrese en las filas, hasta hoy, que han pasado ya diez afios, solo he tenido dos asistentes: el que acabais de ver y un tal Garcia . . ., que es el heroe de la presente historia. La voz del Capitan temblo al pronunciar aquel 30 nombre. l Tomo un sorbo de cafe, y continud: 30 NOVELAS (TORTAS . — Garcia era un soldadd reenganchado ; hombre de mas de veintiocho anos; natural de Totana; 1 tipo arabe, 6, por mejor decir, tunecino; 2 de ojos negros,'tez""mbrena, pocas palabras, un valor 'a toda prueba, 3 y muy apasio- ' 5 nado en sus odios y en sus simpatias. i j j^ , . [^J^Jh Debo advertirete, sin embargo, que yo no le 4 conoci mas odios ni otros carifios que el reflejo de mis sentimi- entos. jAmaba a quien yo amaba, y abominaba al que yoabprreci'a! »M~r ^j^J, jjj, io Tampoco le conoci novia ni vicio alguno, ni menos supe cuando comia ni cuando descansaba. Solo puedo decir que a todas horas se hallaba al alcance de mi voz, dispuesto a servirme en mis menores caprichqs, mivie- semos 6 no dinero, 5 fuese de dia 6 de noche, ardiese la 15 tierra bajo el sol del verano 6 estuviese cubierta de una vara de nieve. Aquel hombre constituia toda mi familia cuando yo estaba fuera de mi casa, que era casi si^mpre: por lo tanto, yo debia quererlo mucho . . ., y ((fuizaS lo queria. . . . 20 — {Oh! Si..., despues lo he sabido . . . ; jyo lo ado- raba! — j Pero nunca me ocurrio darme cuenta de ello! — Esto es muy comun en los hombres de mi caracter. .^ . — Lo .mismo soy ahora con mi mujer. . . . ; Discolo y endemoniado! — En fin, vamos 6 al asunto. 25 Por todo lo dicho comprendereis que yo era un ser fabuloso a los ojos de Garcia, y que el me idolatraba como un buen hijo idolatra a un mal padre. ... — Pero no. . . . Esto es poco. ... — \ Como un perro idolatra a su amo! n 30 jUn perro. . . ., si! . . . Tal fue siempre el papel que a mi lado represento Garcia. / Tenerme contento, evitar un regano, merecer una EL ASISTENTE 3 1 mirada de mis ojos . . . : he aqui la suprema felicidad de aquel hombre. -f L jOh! . . ., el genio humano es esencialmente bueno. — - Y si lq dudais, seguid prestaidome atencion. Garcia, que era diez afios mayor que yo, me hablaba 5 de usted. . . - 1 /^a^M^^A & ^^^ ' Yo a el de tii. //r-trrr^ El me hacia la comida con mil afanes. . .,. Las soT5ra1| de mi comida eran su allmerito. Yo, militar voluntario, recibia ochocientos reales al 10 mes por pasearme. ... . j El, soldado forzoso, ahorraba seis cuartos el dfa q#£ n mas, 2 y estaba trabajando siempre! Yo no le pagaba. . . . El me servia con gusto, con entusiasmo, con carino. 15 Tales eran nuestras relaciones, y tales las ventajas que me llevaba en el onleri moral mi pobre asistexite. I Pues, sin embargo . . ., no se por que desproposito 6 contrasentido . . . (j preocupaciones de raza 6 de clase, que desnaturalizan nuestro corazdn!), yo trataba a Gar- 20 cia con mucha dureza. -wr^\^^^o Solo le hablaba para mandarle, para renirle por el mas ^leve descuido 6 para prohibirle alguna cosa. ... > Mi voz era su ordenanza viva, su 'az^ffej su tor- mento. 25 jQue diablo! Yo soy hijo y hermano de militares, y la costumbre de obedecer rigurosamente me habia dado el habi^o de mandar con rigor. . . . En medio de todo. . . ., ^que era Garcia? jUn inferior mio . . ., un soldado de mi compania . . ., un subordinado! 3° l ; Un automata ! jUna maquina! o^^-^ j Cuanto debio 3 de sufrir en su vida! j El, que nada 32 NOVELAS CORTAS amaba en el mundo tanto como a mi, y nunca recibio pruebas de mi estimacion ; que jamas oyo de mis labios una palabra afectuosa, ni estrecho mi mano *&i separarse de mi, ni me abrazo al volver a verme, ni pudo decirme 5 en los peligros de la guerra . . . : j Cuidado, amo mio ! Que siempre amo, callo y sufrio en mi presencia, como un paria 1 ante su dios, como un eunuco ante la sultana, como un esclavo ante su dueno. . . . i Oh ! . . . Pero j eso si ! . . . — Estoy seguro de que no io me en'gano . . ., y despues lo he pensado muchas veces. . . . — Si Garcia hubiera caido enfermo ; si me hubiese querido abandonar; si hubiera llorado delante de mi..., en aquel mismo pun to habrfa dejado de ser mi inferior. . . . Hubierale dicho: — «Garcia, no podre vivir sin verte. . . .» 15 — En fin, jme habria dado cuenta de que eramos dos hombres que se amaban en el fondo . . . como hermanos! i No exagero, amigos mios ! — Considerad lo que para un oficial es un asistente. . . . Cuando a media noche volvia yo a mi alojamiento, 20 solo, triste, fastidiado . . ., el era quien me esperaba. Si estaba enfermo, me cuidaba el. No bien deseaba una cosa (a veces sin decirlo), me la proporcionaba a costa de las mayores molestias. En ca'mpaf^a, estaba a mi lado. 25 En los caminos, me Servian sus brazos de puente para pasar los rios. En el invierno, se tendia a mis pies para abrigarlos. En el verano, me cobijaba bajo la scmibra de su cuerpo. El era el linico que sabia el estado de mi bolsillo . . . 30 j Solo e r l podia adivinar el estado de mi corazon! Me vefa 2 sufrir, me veia lloroso, me veia enamorado, debil, arrastrado por los vicios, poco respetable por cual- EL ASISTENTE 33 quier circunstancia de la juventud . . . , y me miraba, Tsentia, callaba, j y se quitaba la g'orra con respeto ! El se pelea^ba con las patronas hasta ponerme en la mesa, mis. man j ares favoritos. Ahofraoa de mi dinero, 6 sea me robaba temporal- 5 mente, para sacarme despues de apuros. Me fevisaB.'a la fop a como una mujer. Me peinab'a, me cepillaba, me vestia. Era, por ultimo, protector como un padre, previsor como una madre, docil como un hijo, carinoso como un 10 hermano, economico como una esposa, leal como un amigo . . . j Una familia entera para mi ! j Mi casa am? w ' bulante ! 1^***-++^ I Oh ! j Aquel hombre no tenia existencia propia ! — jVivia de mi vida . . . , y murid de mi muerte! 15 Escuchad. Cuando la ultima intentona carlista 1 acababa ya por cdnsuncion, hallabame yo en Cataluna, 2 a las ordenes del general B . . . Garcia me acompanaba. 20 Un dia encontramos al enemigo cerca del pequefio pueblo de Gironella. a -* Desde por la mafiana nos estuvimos batiendo^con el mayor orden ; y a la caida de la tarde, cuando la victoria era casi nuestra, fuimos sorprendidos a retaguardia por 25 otra considerable partida. i Estabamos entre dos fuegos ! Nuestro Coronel mando la retirada viendo la cosa per- dida, y en un momento casi todos los soldados huyeron en dispersion. ^ Pero yo no 01 aquel toque y permanecf batiendome al frente de mi compania, que ocupaba el extremo del ala 34 NOVELAS CORTAS derecha, y cuyo Capitan y Tenientes 1 habian muerto. — Yo era Subteniente en aquel entonces. Los carlistas avanzaron . . . Mis soldados empezaron a caer a mi alrededor como 5 segadas espigas. j Y yo no mandaba la retirada,! j Estaba loco: era presa de la epilepsis, de esa enfer- medad que acompana a todos los accesos de mis pasio- to Pero tan estrechadas se vieron aquellas victimas in- felices de mi ciego furor, que huyeron al fin sin esperar mi orden, dejandose en el campo a la mayor parte de sus ^compafieros. tflds Garcia se figuro que yo habia man dado aquella fuga, y 15 corrio mas que todos, creyendome acaso al f rente de la compafiia. Quede, pues, solo, sable en mano. De este modo avance hacia el enemigo, poseido de tan msensata furia, que pronto cai en tierra presa de una 20 terrible convulsion. Los facciosos me creyeron muerto y siguieron acosando a los fugitivos. Llego la noche sin que yo me recobrase. Los restos de nuestras tropas estaban ya en Gironella, 25 donde se fortificaban y rehacian para caer al dfa siguiente sobre los facciosos, que, por su parte, acamparon en- frente de la pequefia poblacion. Garcia, entretanto, habia notado mi falta y decidido volver al teatro de la lucha a fin de recoger mi cadaver 30 si yo habia muerto, 6 auxiliarme si me hallaba herido. Para lograrlo tenia que 2 atravesar el campamento car- lista . . . EL ASISTENTE 35 i Solo un loco o, una madre hubieran concebido tan temerana empresa! j jjj£^JL Salio del pueblo cautelosamente, y dando un rodeo de tres leguas, corisiguio atravesar la linea contraria. Poco despues me encontro entre los cadaveres. , '5 Yo seguia insultado • pero sumido en esa extrafia som- nolencia de los epilepticos, que permite ver y oir, ya que no hablar 6 moverse. Garcia adivino al momento lo que me sucedia : enjugo sus lagrimas; refreno sus sollozos; cogiome a cuestas y 10 echo a andar hacia el pueblecilloy Asi se fue acercando a los facciosos/impasibte, sereno, resignado con su suerte. 4 -* i Solo un prodigio podia salvarnos ! jEl lo sabia, si! Pero sabia tambien que si no se em- 15 pleaban los medios acosfumbrados para sacarme de aquel msulto, o me dejaba alii a la intempene en tan horrible noche de Ventisca, yo quedaria muerto al cabo de algu- nas horas. . . . Continuo, pues, su camino. 20 i Tenia que volver a forzar la linea de los carlistas ! La obscuridad de la noche era la linica probabilidad de salvacion que nos quedaba. . . . Pero la luna, que no suele saber lo que acontece en la tierra, rompid en esto su carcel de nubes, y aparecio 25 plena, 1 hermosa, resplandeciente, esclareciendo por com- pleto todo aquel pais nevado. • fajj* Garcia suspiro, previendo una desgracia. i Yo la previa 2 tambien! . . . j Yo, inerte, exanime, echado sobre la espalda de aquel martir! 3° i Que horrenda pesadilla ! . . . Mas . . . | on portento ! \ Garcia atraveso con su carga $6 NOVELAS CORTAS a veinte pasos de un centinela, sin ser descubierto por e ' 1! -7, \ Quizas nos habiamos salvado. . . . Mas j ay ! no . . . — j La fatalidad lo tenia 1 dispuesto de 5 otro modo! Ya tocaba el resignado Cristo al termino de su via de dolor, cuando los carlistas lo distinguieron a la luz de la luna. — jQuien vive! — gritd una voz a lo lejos. 10 — j A el! 2 — exclamo otra mas cercana. — j Maria Santisima! — murmuro Garcia. Y estrechando convulsivamente mis munecas, apreto elpaso. En esto silbo una bala y sond un tiro. . . . 15 Mi asistente se detuvo. ... ]J jL Bamboleose despues con su carga; did un sollozo, y cayo de boca contra el suelo. Yo cai encima de el . . . — El sacrificio estaba con- sumado. 20 j Que noche, Dios mio ! JcLdzh Primero senti que Garcia temblaba y se retorcia bajo el peso de mi cuerpo y entre mis inertes brazos. . . . Luego se quedo tranquilo* *,. . Despues se 3 fue enfriando poco a poco. . . . 25 Sus miembros adquirieron, en fin, una rigidez espan- tosa. . . . Estaba totalmente muerto. i Yo lo sabia, y no podia moverme ! Pase, pues, la noche abrazado a un cadaver . . . j al 30 cadaver de mi inferior, de mi esclavo, del pobre Garcia! j Aquel era el primer abrazo que le daba ! El fresco de la manana me volvio el sentido. EL ASISTENTE 37 Me puse de pie, y mire a mi alrededor. Estaba solo . . . , j solo entre los muertos ! Los carlistas habian levantado el campo durante la noche, llevandose a todos los heridos. Registre a Garcia y vi que la bala le habia entrado 5 por un costado y salido por el otro. Tomelo a mi vez a r 'cuesta's, y, tremulo, vacilante, con los ojos hiimedos y el corazon destrozado, entre en Giro- nella. ... Alii esta enterrado el pobre Garcia. w iiL 10 Hoy es para mi su nombre objeto de culto y ve- neracidn. j Cuantas veces, cuantas, he pedido locamente a Dios que le permitiera resucitar, para consolarlo de mis acri-A*' 1 tudes y violencias y pagarle con amor su ,sacrificio! 15 j Cuantas le he pedido perdon con el pensamiento ! \ Y ^ como me ha mejorado su muerte ! Desde entonces soy dulce, afable, carifioso con aquellos de mis inferiores que se portan bien, y en vez de aspirar a que tiemblen ante mi y me crean un ser de especie su- 20 perior a la humana, solo deseo ser comq.im padre de todos ellos. , . . Porque he comprendido, demasiado tarde, que bajo el burdo capote del soldado laten a veces cora- zones mas hermosos que bajo el uniforme dorado del Ge- neral. 25 jOh! Cuando los asistentes 1 que he tenido despues han celefirado mi trato paternal; cuando he_oido las bendiciones de mi compafiia; cuando he derramado al- giin consuelo sobre esos pobre hijos de la Patria, arran- cados del seno.d^sus familias para servir a la ambicion 30 6 a la coljera ajenas, 1 no es verdad, pobre Garcia, que has sbnreido en el cielo, diciendote; « Mi sacrificio no 38 NOVELAS CORTAS fue iniitil, pues que ha redimido a algunos de mis cama- radas? ...» El joven militar quedd con los ojos cravados en el cielo: nosotros nos asimos a sus manos, y el mozo de la 5 fonda entro con la cuenta. IV. iBUENA PESCA! Cubierto de gloria y de heridas en la guerra de Suce- sidri/ y sin blanca en la faltriquera, como entonces acontecia a casi todos los heroes, torno un dia a su des- mantelado Castillo el noble Baron de Mequinenza, a des^ cansar de las diiras fatigas de los campkmentos y comerse 5 en paz los pobres garbanzos vinculados a su titulo. Dos palabras sobre el Hatallador y otras dos sobre su guarida. Don Jaime de Mequinenza, Baron de lo mismo, Capitan que habia peleado por los intereses de Luis XIV, 2 era a i la Sa'zon un hombre de treinta y cinco afios, alto, her- moso, rudo, valiente, emprendedor, poco letrado, per^o fbcuaz en extremo, y muy aficionado a las aldeanas bonitas. Afiadid que era h'uerfano, unigenito y solteron, y acabareis de formar idea de nuestro hidalgo aragones. 3 15 me En cuanto a su Castillo, era su vivo retrato 4 en todo. . . , , mos en lo fuerte; mas por lo que toca a soledad y po- l/ breza y altaneria, jvive Dios'que no le iba en zaga! 6 — Figuraoslo 6 (y digo figurdoslo porque ya se ha hundido) medio ediflcado y medio tallado en una roca que lamfan 20 de una parte las ondas del rio Ebro, y que se reclinaba por la otra sobre una montafia . . . que alia 7 segufa re- montandose a las nubes. 39 40 XOVELAS CORTAS , Al pie de este penasco habia una docena de casas y cnofas habitadas por los vasallos del, Baron, 6 sea por los labradores de los cuatro majuelbs' que constitufan su^ Estados. De la'aldea al castiilo suDia^e 1 por quince 5 rampas que termmaban en un roso con puente. levadizo. Alimeritaba de agua este foso una sangria hecha en el Ebro media legua al norte de la fortaleza; sangria que, convertida en ruidoso torrente, volvia a precipitarse en el opulento rio. io Item: enclavada tambien en un inaccesible flanco de la montana, separada del castiilo por este salto de agua, y, como el, colgada sobre el Ebro, ( habia otra roca mas pequefia, que coronaban y una cabana y un huertecillo, fundados alii por la temeraria mano del hombre. 15 Un ancho tablon de nogal enlazaba por via de puente el castiilo y la cabana; de modo que, si. imposible era llegar 2 al primero una vez alzado el rastrillo, mas im- posible era llegar a la segunda, suprimido que fuera el tablon. 20 Ya hemos dicho que en la roca feudal vivia don Jaime de Mequinenza: falta decir.que en la roca feudataria habitaba un pescador de angiiilas, que se estaba haciendo rico merced al atrevido pensamiento de formar su choza en aquel solitario y amenazado paraje. 25 Damian, que asi se llamaba el pescador, habia ideado colgar del puentecillo una vastisima red, al traves de cuya dilatada fnahga saltase la cascada, sirviendo* de funda, por decirlo asi, las mallas a las aguas. Mediante este artificio, todas las anguilas que, arrastradas por la co- 30 rriente, se veian obligadas a dar aquel salto para volver al Ebro, que fue / su cuna'; quedeban presas 4 en las redes de Damian, quien las vendia en los pueblos circunvecinos . jBUENA PESCA! 41 a precio tan corto como corto era el trabajo que le cos- taba pescarlas. Y pues ya conocemos el teatro de nuestra historia, . pasemos a mas intimas 1 investigaciones. A II. Hemos dicho que Damian se estabo haciendo rico con 5 tan pingiies copos; pero hemos olvidado decir que Da- mian, como otros muchos hombres, habia cometido la torpeza de casarse con una muchacha muy linda, muy graciosa y muy amiga de componerse; con una coqueta natural, en una palabra; 6 si quereis mejor, con una co- 10 queta nativa. Carmela, variante amoroso de Carmen; Carmelita (el la llamaba asi) era una riistica hija de aquella aldea, que ni sabia leer ni le haci'a falta. Eran tan extraordinarios sus hechizos que no necesitaba mas que verla para que 15 todos se enamorasen de ella; pues los hombres, por lo general, reparan mas en la belleza que inteligencia. Era rubia, como acontece siempre en casos semejantes, pequenita de cuerpo, apretada de carnes y mas esbelta que un junco. De la cintura para arriba parecia una 20 maceta de flores . . . . ; Que hombros ! ; que garganta ! j que cabeza!.... — Y de la cintura para abajo, jque andar! jque plsada! jque meneo 2 ! : — Blanca como la nieve, colorada como las tardes de Mayo, "Sana como el aire de aquellas alturas, amorosa como una codorniz en- 25 jaulada, tenia un juego de boca, y una caida de ojos, y unas manos, y una trenz'a, y unos tobillos, que, como dice Salvador, poeta de Granada, hablando de otros pies: i Desde alii al cielo ! 42 NOVELAS CORTAS jAy, Carmen, Carmela, Carmelita! i Que habia de hacer el pobre Damian, sino adorarte y esconderte en el pico de una roca, alii donde estabas defendida del mundo por un castillo feudal, donde nadie podia visitarte de dia 5 sin que lo viese todo el pueblo, ni roriSar cfenoche tu ca- bana, como no fuese a quinientos pies por debajo de ella? Pero como las muchachas del me'rito de Carmela co- quetean consigo 1 mismas cuando no pueden coquetear con el projimo, sucedia que, a pesar de vivir sola y sin io ser vista de nadie mas que alguna noche por su marido, gastaba el precio de todas las anguilas del Ebro en de- lantales, basquifias, zarcillos, tumbagas 2 y otras cosas en que .el pobre Damian no se fijaba nunca, — dado que la picara las usase delante de el. 15 Penetrada quizas de su alta mision en el mundo, Car- mela se adornaba todos los dias como para ir a un baile, y se sentaba a la puerta de su choza. — Alii la veian los pajaros, los tomillos y los cielos . . . , jnada mas! — Pero ella esperaba tranquila la hora de su destino. — El cas- 20 tillo, unica vecindad de la cabana, se hallaba completa- mente deshabitado (nos referimos al estado de las cosas antes de la vuelta de D. Jaime de Mequinenza), y desde el valle no se distinguia a la pescadora sino como una gran flor de colores colgada en la ladera del abismo . . . 25 jPor el aire, pues, debia venir el amante 3 que esperaba tan emperejilada Carmelita, — suponiendo que Carmelita desease en efecto tener un amante! — ,; Conque Carmela no amaba a su marido? — excla- mareis acaso .... 3° — iQ ue/ se y°i Solo puedo deciros que era muy bonita y vivia muy sola, pues Damian pasaba la mayor parte del tiempo vendiendo anguilas por la comarca .... jBUENA PESCA! 43 Ademas, el la tenia 1 prohibida que bajase a la aldea durante sus ausencias; y ella obedecia ciegamente a su marido . . . , porque asf. }o manda Dios . . . y porque no le agradaban a tan pulida sefiora los rusticos y zafios al- deanos. 5 Me dire'is que Damian era tambien un nistico y zafio aldeano, y que, por consiguiente, acabo de decir que no le 2 gustaba a Carmelita. ... i Pues bien ! \ No le gustaba ! Ni ^cdmo habia de gustarle un hombre soez y mal ves- 10 tido, con las manos llenas de callos y espinas, quemado del sol, curtido por la lluvia y oliendo 3 a pescado a una - vara de distancia, a ella, tan pulcra, tan elegante, tan presumida como una madrilefia? j Es verdad que si el pobre pescador estaba poco com- i5 puesto, consistia en que la bella pescadora lo estaba mucho; es verdad que si el marido trabajara menos, a fin de cuidar algo sus manos, la mujer tendria que traba- jar mas, echando a perder las suyas ; es muy verdad que con aquel pescado que olia tan mal se pagaban aquellos 20 jabones que olian tan bien ! . . . Pero 1 quien hace re- flexionar a una mujer, y sobre todo a una mujer de diez y nueve anos, tan bonita, ligera y graciosa como los siete colores del arco iris? [Ah! La gratitud es un sentimiento demasiado in- 25 comodo para una persona prendada de si misma, y la justicia una idea demasiado seria para una muchacha que se rie sola. [Y Carmelita solia reirse a solas, al espejo! y ' Todo esto significa 6 quiere significar, en ultimo resul- tado, que la bella pescadora se enamoro de don Jaime 30 de Mequinenza desde que en la aldea cundio la voz de que el caballero tornaba victorioso a su castillo. . . . 44 NOVELAS CORTAS Volvid D. Jaime, en efecto; y como el la amaba ya en eipecie, segiin diria un escolastico, no necesito mas que verla para adorarla. Damian, entretanto, pescaba anguilas. 5 Sin embargo, desde que el Baron volvio a su castillo, una vaga inquietud se habia despertado en el alma del celoso ; y era que, por muy arraigado que estuviese en su corazon y en el de toda su familia ei respeto a sus natu- rales sefiores, no podia menos de pensar en que D. Jaime io era muy enamorado y su mujer muy bonita, y en que el castillo y la cabana no estaban tan distantes como la cabana y la aldea, — sobre todo teniendo en cuenta el puentecillo de nogal. . . . Asi es que Damian, pretextando tener reumatismo en 15 una pierna, habia tornado un mozo que vendiese las anguilas, y no abandonaba ya la cabana casi nunca. Yafea fe, 1 que, si hemos de decir la verdad, el pes- cador no andaba 2 muy descaminado en punto a temores. . . . 20 Don Jaime y Carmelita estaban ya cansados de tele- grafoz, como se dice hoy, y enamorados perdidamente uno de otra y otra de uno, como ha sucedido siempre entre dos que se miran y no hablan. El platonismo se les haci'a insoportable, la distancia inmensa, el puen- 25 tecillo transitable . . ., y esperaban con ansia el primer viaje de Damian para tener una entrevista a solas: en todo lo cual habfan convenido por senas, y tambien por adivinacion. . . . Conque pasemos adelante. iLrn*r-tsrz><. 4U jBUENA PESCA! 45 III. Era una hermosisima tarde de Mayo. Los dos esposos tomaban el sol a la puerta de su choza. > Aquel sol que seponia hace siglo y medio 1 es el mismo que todos conoce'is. Diremos, sin embargo, que aquella 5 tarde se ocultaba tras las montafias con tanta lentitud y majestad como si no pensara volver a salir nunca. Era uno de esos momentos augustos en que parece que el tiempo se ha parado. Era una de tantas fiestas de la Naturaleza como no pasan a la historia; uno de esos 10 S dias radiantes y solemnes en que se cree que el mundo ha llegado por primera vez al apogeo 2 de su hermosura, y que todo el tiempo anterior ha sido un perfodo de adolescencia, asi como todo el tiempo que ha de venir un descenso, un desmejoramiento, un envejecer penoso que 15 terminara en la nada. Era, en fin, esa hora melancolica en que el animo asiste a la tragedia de la muerte del dia como a un espectaculo nuevo y que no se ha de repetir ; hora en que, si por acaso recordais a los seres que co- nocisteis y murieron, sentis vergiienza de vivir una vida 20 que ellos dejaron. Carmela y Damian miraban extaticos aquel sol, cuyos liltimos rayos tenian el horizonte de no se que luz pro- fetica, que iba a reflejarse alia en su conturbado espiritu. Por inculta y tosca que . fuese su naturaleza, ambos 25 sentian en aquel instante, quizas por la excitacion a que habian llegado sus almas, que la puesta del sol no debia series tan indiferente como en los demas dias; que era para ellos aquella hora, hora crftica y predestinada, hora de misterio 6 de fatalidad. Y tal vez por lo mismo que 30 46 NOVELAS CORTAS su limitado espiritu no les permitia darse cuenta de lo que experimentaban, ni analizar las informes imageries de vida y muerte, de pasadas venturas y presentidos dolores que veian amontonarse hacia oriente a medida 5 que el sol se hundi'a en el ocaso, era mayor la turbacion y la angustia de los dos criminales, que callaban, teme- rosos de revelarse sus secretos, y ni se miraban ni extra- fiaban esta reciproca reserva. Y es que, en ciertos momentos tragicos, se despierta ic en nosotros una facultad mas liicida que la inteligencia e independiente del albedrio ; y esta facultad, que concibe y ejecuta por si sola, habia establecido ya, entre la esposa que no amaba a su marido y el celoso que proyectaba el asesinato, una especie de transaccion que les servia de 15 tacito convenio, 6 indeliberada complicidad, para que ni el uno ni el otro extrafiase un silencio tan largo y tan injustificado a primer a vista. Cuando ya se puso 1 el sol completamente,. ambos respiraron con fuerza, como quien termixia una tarea de 20 muchas horas. — El pacto estaba firmado. La resolucion de los dos era tan irrevocable como la muerte de aquel dia. . . . Entonces se miraron ya sin miedo ni reserva. Damian hizo mas. . . . Alzo los ojos al Castillo con 25 gran frescura, y saludo al senor Baron, que tenia fija la mirada en Carmelita. Esta saludo tambien al caballero con suma natura- lidad. Damian, que lo viera, 2 estiro la pierna del reumatismo, 30 y exclamo, sonriendose: — jPues, senor! Estoy completamente bueno. — Me 8 voy a dar una vuelta por la aldea. — Pasare alii la noche, BUENA PESCA! 47 viendo si cobro unos maravedises, 1 y volvere manana por la manana temprano a recoger la pesca que caiga esta noche. — j Ea, Carmelita ! j Quedate con Dios ! — Adios, Damian . . . — dijo Carmelita maquinalmente. Nunca se habian despedido los dos esposos de esta 5 manera. . . . Pero no repararon en ello. Damian cogid el sombrero y un palo; atraveso el puente de nogal, y penetrd en los f osos del Castillo ... en busca del sendero que bajaba a la aldea. Todavia doraba el sol el pico de una montafia muy 10 distante. IV. Ocho horas despues, estaba el sol de vuelta en la puerta de la cabana. Toda la tristeza y seriedad con que se puso el dia anterior habian sido pura farsa. l S . Alii se hallaba otra vez, mas alegre que nunca, rubio como unas candelas/lrepando por el cielo con la misma indecision que si fuera la vez primera que hacia el viaje, y esparciendo vida y alborozo dondequiera que >pene- traban sus^ rayos. Brillaba el agua, cacareaban las 2 ° gallinas, rasgabanse las brumas del Ebro como velos de gasa, volaban los pajaros mas perezosos, y bullian los ganados y los pastores en el fondo de los valles. Era, en efecto, el mismo sol; el cual, durante aquellas ocho horas de ausencia, habia atravesado el Oceano, 25 dado las doce en America, servido de dios a los idolatras del mar Pacifico, alumbrado algunos matrimonios en la China, tostado las el^f^cias del Indostan, besado las piedras del Santo Sepulcro, y marcado la hora de la 48 NOVELAS CORTAS muerte a algunos griegos modernos, viniendo ahora, lleno de curiosidad, a saber que habia sido de aquellos dos Pescadores del Alto Aragon que dejo sentados la tarde antes a la puerta de su cabana. 5 En cuanto a Damian, podemos decir que tambien se hallaba aquella mafiana mas contento que la tarde anterior, si hemos de juzgar por lo juguetdn y alegre que subfa las rampas del castillo, seguido de otros Pescadores cantando la jota 1 mas villana de aquel pais. 10 Llegaron al puente levadizo, que estaba ya levantado; atravesaron la fortaleza, que aun yacia en silencio, y llegaron a la explanada fronteriza a la cabana de Damian. — j Bien ruge la cascada ! — dijo un pescador. — I Y el puentecillo ? — pregunto Damian. 15 — jEs verdad! j Mira! ..., j mira! ... ; j se ha desmo- ronado por las dos cabezas!... — Es que se ha hun- dido. — ,; Como ha podido ser ? — ; Un tabldn de nogal tan largo y tan pesado! 20 — Tendre que comprar hoy otro . . . (repuso 2 Damian indiferentemente.) \ Conque, chicos, ayudadme a sacar este par de copos antes que sea mas tarde! Y reanudando su interrumpida cancidn, empezo a tirar de las redes de un copo. 25 — j Diablo! j cdmo pesa!... (exclamd un pescador.) — jOh! jhas hecho gran cogida! — j Lo menos diez arrobas! (dijo un segundo. ) — jBuena pesca! — jYa lo creo! 3 (anadio otro.) jHabra 4 pescado el 30 puente de nogal! Damian se sonrid. — <; Decis que ese copo pesa? (grito entonces otro j BUENA PESCA ! 49 pescador, que tiraba de la segunda red. ) j Pues este no se q^eaa atras! • — jLo menos tiene doce arrobas! . . . — i Buen par de penones habran entrado en las man- gas ! — dijo un envidioso. Damian estaba sombrio, tremulo, espantoso. 5 — jConque los dos copos pesan lo mismo! . . . (mur- muro. ) — ; No puede ser ! . . . Y con fentos pasos se dirigio a la cabana. . . . Ernesto empezo a aparecer el primer copo. ™ Dentro de el se hallaba, en efecto, el tablon de nogal; 10 pero no'entero, Sino la mitad exacta. i Era indudable que el puentecillo habia sido aserrado aquella noche! Aun no se habian repuesto los pescadores de su asombro, cuando retrocedieron espantados y dando 15 gritos. A estos gritos respondio en la cabana, como un eco, un alarido terrible, pavoroso. . . . Y Damian aparecio en la puerta, con los cabellos eri- zados y la mirada estiipida, riendo como una furia esca- 20 pada del infierno. Los pescadores habian visto en el fondo de la primera red el cadaver de D. Jaime. . . . Damian habia encontrado desierta su choza e intacto el lecho de Carmelita. . . , 25 I Y era que Carmelita estaba en la segunda red, con la otra mitad del puente de nogal! — i Ella tambien ! — \ No contaba yo con tanto ! j No queria yo eso ! j Queria guardarla para mi, aunque fuera mala! — ; Ella tambien! j Tambien mi Carmen! / Buena 30 pesca! — grito Damian entre salvajes risotadas y con toda la fuerza de sus pulmones. 5° NOVELAS CORTAS Y corrio a encerrarse en la cabana. Cuando la justicia entro a prenderlo, hallo que estaba armado de un serrucho, cortandose la mano derecha y gritando con infernal alegria: — / Buena fiesca! / Buena pesca! Estaba loco. V. LAS DOS GLORIAS Un dfa que el celebre pintor flamenco Pedro Pablo Rubens 1 andaba recorriendo los templos de Madrid a- compariado de sus afamados discipulos, penetro en Ja fglesia de un humilde convento, cuyo nombre no designa la tradicidn. 5 Poco 6 nada encontro que admirar el ilustre artista en aquel pobre y desmantelado templo, y ya se marchaba renegando, como solia, del mal gusto de los frailes de Castilla la Nueva 2 , cuando reparo en cierto cuadro me- dio oculto en las sombras de feisima capilla; acercose a 10 el, y lanzd una exclamacidn de asombro. 3 ^^^ 1 ^-^^ Sus discipulos le rodearon al momento, preguntandole : — I Que. habeis encontrado, maestro ? — jMirad! — dijo Rubens senalando, por toda contes- tacidn, al lienzo que tenia delante. 15 Los jdvenes quedaron tan maravillados como el autor del Descendimiento. 8 Representaba aquel cuadro la Muerte de un reZigioso. Era este muy joven, y de una belleza que ni la penitencia ni la agonfa habfan podido eclipsar, y hallabase tendido 20 sobre los ladrillos de su celda, velados ya los ojos por la muerte, con una mano extendida sobre una calavera 4 y estrechando con la otra, a su corazdn, un crucifljo de madera y cobre. En el fondo del lienzo se veia pintado otro cuadro, 25 5i K2 NOVELAS CORTAS Ml que figuraba estar colgado 1 cerca del lecho de que se suponfa haber salido el religioso para morir con mas humildad sobre la dura tierra. J) 1 — -■ • - Aquel segundo cuadro representaba a una difunta, jo- 5 ven y hermosa, tendida en el ataiid entre funebres cirios y negras y suntuosas colgaduras Nadie hubiera podido mirar estas dos escenas, conte- nida la una en la otra, sin comprender que se explicaban y completaban reciprocamente. Un amor desgraciado, 10 una esperanza muerta, un desencanto de la vida, un ol- vido eterno del mundo: he aqui el poema misterioso que se deducia de los dos asceticos dramas que encerraba aquel lienzo. Por lo demas, el color, el dibujo, la composicion, todo 15 revelaba un genio de primer orden. — Maestro, zase la carne y me dijese / aqici estoy ! Yo, en fin, que hubiera dado el resto de mi vida por pasar una hora a sus pies, como ante una santa .... ; Yo, sefior, fui el en- 20 cargado de trasia^aar a Granada 1 los adorados restos de su hermosura, su cuerpo sin par, su idolatrado cuerpo ! . . . . { Aquella urna preciosa en que habfa vivido su alma ! — i Ah! . . . ., jya es mfa! (decfame yo durante aque] 25 viaje.) — jVa aquf, conmigo, conrlada a mi, a mi custo- dia, a mi voluntad! Yo mando anda^r v hacer alt^ . . . . j Puedo pasar la noche junto a su lecno; puedo decir a mi Reina todo lo que 3 la he amado! jYa no tenia celos de vos . . . ., sefior! \ Ya no vol- 30 verfais a verla! .... j Ya era mfa solamente! . . . . j Mfa y del sepulcro ! Asi pase doce dias .... DOS RETRATOS 7 I Durante ellos, elfri'o de aquel cadaver se transmitio a . mi corazon; mis cabelios se cayeron 6 se pusieron ca- nos, y cuando llegue a Granada era tan viejo como hoy. IV. Sono para mi entonces lajiora de separarme tambie'n de la Emperatriz .... Delante de un escribano y 5 testigos tuve que hacer entrega de aquel inapreciable tesoro, y para ello fue preciso abrir el ataiid de plomo que lo encerraba. » — Y 1 estaba hermosa todavia ? — pregunto sacrilega- mente Carlos V. 10 — «jOh vanidad humana ! (replied el Santo con acento sepulcral. ) \ Que cuadro se ofrecio a mis ojos! — i Hermosa ! j Hermosa ! . . . . — Lo habia sido, sefior. — Pero cuando la abandond el alma, la fealdad se en- senoreo sobre su cuerpo como sobre nmgun otro. ; Nun- 15 ca se mostro la muerte mas cruel, mas devastadora, mas repugnante ! \ La putrefaccion de aquel cadaver fue tan rapida, tan intensa, tan espantosa, que no dejd ni un rastro, ni una linea, ni un pefnt de la pasada hermo- sura! — j Ay . . . ., sefior! \ Que leccion tan elocuente me 20 daba el cielo! Horas enteras permanecf mirando tan horrible reali- dad. — Aquella mujer, la mas hermosa de cuantas han existido ; la que nunca pudo ser fetratada sin meiigua de sus encantos; vuestras Tres Gracias, sefior, eran una 25 masa de barro podrido, un charco infecto, un lago de corrupcion como el mar asfaftico. \ Aquellos ojos, hogar donde buscaba aniparo mi alma aterida, antorcha donde 7 2 NOVELAS CORTAS a yo habia encendido una y otra vez la tea de mi silen- / ciosa pasion ; aquellos ojos, sple^__de juventud, de amor y de esperanza, e-ran dos cuencas vacfas, dos hdyos negros, dos macirigueras de gusahos! j Aquella boca . . . ., 5 aquella boca, senor . . . ., estaba profanada por la muerte, que, at besar sus labios ? los habia deshecho! jAque- llas manos de nacar . . . ., aquellas manps, i las recor- dais? .... jeran un hediondo grupo de huesos! . , . . i Y su voz ? . . . . i y su sonrisa ? ^y su gracia sobrehumana ? 10 i y su alma ? <; y el fuego de su existencia ? — <; Donde . . . ., donde estaba la Emperatriz ? (Ah! No . . ., jno era aquelja! . . ., jno era aquella! . . . — ,: Como podia haber residido tanta fealdad debajo de tantos necliizos ? — j Yo no la hubiera amado ! — j Ay ! 15 1 Donde . . . donde estaban sus afios de poder, de her- mosura, de pasion ? ; Donde estaban sus dias de gloria y de grandeza ? ,; Donde estaban sus horas de soperbia mundanal? r • * *• Se habian ido para siempre, llevandose mis ilusiones (/ 20 terrenales. Todos los que me acompanaban huyeron ante el es- pectaculo horrible de yuestra esposa y ante la fetufezj que despedia. c^^c^rr-U / / Obligado yo a jurar que aquel lodo corrompido era la 25 Emperatriz, no me atfevi a hacerlo, sino que dije que era el mismo cuerpo que se me habia confiado. Alejaronse todos, como he dicho; pero yo, apor el par- mtiailar amor y revere?icw que siempre habia tenido a la Carlos V se erijugo una lagrima con el reves de la mano, y levanto a San Francisco de Borja, diciendole con la eiusidn mas verdadera que experimento en toda su vida: — / Estc es nii cabo de Buena Esperanza ! 2 — Francisco, 1 5 has fortalecido mi resolucion . . . 1 Vuelve con f recuencia ! — Ahora . . . dejame. — Yo te perdono . . . ; Reza por mi! Dijo, y mientras el Santo se retiraba silenciosamente, el apoyd la cabeza en las manos y los codos en la ven- 20 tana. . . . De aquel modo vio al jesuita montar en su mula y partir. . . . Contemplo de nuevo la eterna juventud de la Naturaleza. . . . Oyo a lo lejos mentalmente el rumor del mundo, de la gloria, de la politica, de los campa-men- 25 ~tes: . . . Viose luego viejo y achacoso, comprometido con - la Historia 3 a morir obscuramente en aquel retiro . . ., y lloro con v desconsuelo, pronunciando varias veces y con cierta amargura el nombrc del hermano y del hijo en quienes habia abdicado las dos soberanias mas podero- 30 sas de la Tierra: el nombre de Fernando, 4 Emperador de Alemania, y el de Felipe, 4 Rey de las Espanas. 74 NOVELAS CORTAS EPILOGO, Tres veces volvio a visitar Francisco de Borja al Monje de Yuste. 1 *"w . Una de ellas lo comisiond este para que diera el pe-~ v< same a la familia Real de Portugal por la muerte del 5 Rey; 2 y al decir de un cronista, ie entrego las Memorias de su vida para que las erimendase; pues el Emperador, lo mismo que Julio Cesar, se ocupaba en escribir la his- toria de sus campafias. ^^^p^^&^c. . ^ ~ § t^ ^ La otra vez le hablo e hizo encargos sobre sus dos io hijos ilegitimos, Margarita, 3 que residia en Ondenarda, 4 y Juan, que vivia en Ratisbona. 5 — Este bastardo se llamo mas tarde D. Juan de Austria. 6 En fin: la ultima vez que el ilustre jesuita volvio a Yuste se encontro con la muerte de Carlos V, verificada 15 a las dos de la noche del 21 al 22 de Setiembre de 1558, y aun hoy es famoso la 0raci6n funebre que predico el Santo en las honras del Emperador. Borja sobrevivio catorce anos al Cesar; y despues de ser General de los jesuitas, cuya Companfa le tiene por 20 segundo fundador, y de haber rehusado otras muchas veces el capelo cardenalicio, murid el dia 30 de Setiem- bre de 1572. VII. FIN DE UNA NOVELA ADVERTENCIA. Ha dicho Victor Hugo, 1 refiriendose no sabemos a quien (y el mismo no se acordaba al hacer lacita), que, puestos uno sobre otro todos los libros que se han im- preso, llegarian a la luna. Nosotros hemos dicho, no recordamos donde, que, 5 puestos uno sobre otro todos los libros que se han em- pezado y no se han concluido, llegarian a las estrellas fijas. Y ahora decimos que tambien hay libros concluidos que no se han empezado, 6 sea finales de obras que no se 10 han escrito. A este ultimo genero pertenece el siguiente cuadro ro- mantico, que hemos hallado entre los papeles de nuestra mas tierna mocedad. Servfos leerlo con indulgencia. 15 75 76 NOVELAS CORTAS EPILOGO. Qu'importe en quels mots s'exhale L'ame devant son auteur ? Est-il une langue egale A l'extase de mon coeur ? Lamartine. 1 I. Era una hermosa tarde de otofio. La Naturaleza, triste siempre, aunque bella, en esa melancolica estacion, se habfa rejuvenecido con la vida de la tempestad. Las hojas de los arboles ostentaban 5 matices purisimos, inclinandose abrumadas por las ulti- mas gotas de la lluvia. La tierra exhalaba aquel olor, acre y balsamico a un propio tiempo, que ensancha el corazon de los seres nerviosos. Las aves, felices criatu- ras del Senor que viven entre el cielo y los hombres, en- 10 tonaban nuevamente sus divinos cantos, que el trueno habia interrumpido. . . . j Todo era bello y esplendoroso en aquella tarde que expiraba ! Juan, forastero en el pais a que le habian llevado sus desventuras, vagaba por el campo, aspirando las emana- 15 ciones de la tormenta y contemplando el magnifico pan- orama del enrojecido ocaso. Absorto en sus fantasias de adolescente, se alejo poco a poco de la ciudad; cruzd algunos olivares; llego a un barranco pintoresco, y, cuando menos lo esperaba, se en- 20 contro enfrente del convento de * * * , donde nunca habia estado, pero del que ya tenia vagas noticias. Nada hay tan solemne y poetico como un monasterio solitario, olvidado en el silencio de agrestes parajes como insepulto monumento de grandezas desvanecidas. . . . FIN DE UNA NOVELA 77 Juan sintio profunda y religiosa tristeza, y contemplo largo tiempo aquella especie de buque naufrago, cuya tripulacion se habia ahogado en los revueltos mares de la historia. Los ultimos rayos del sol herian horizontalmente la 5 austera fachada del abandonado edificio. Las aves entraban y salian por las ventanas, abiertas y sin maderas. En la torre de la iglesia veiase el hueco de la campana, que tambien habia desaparecido. ... 10 Todo anunciaba que aquella casa de Dios estaba desierta, lo mismo que la que fue morada de sus sacer- dotes. Altas hierbas y profano musgo eran la linica serial de vida de aquellos sitios. ... 15 Impulsado por el propio terror, el joven penetro en el convento, cuyas puertas habian sido arrancadas reciente- mente. En el primer patio, poblado de cinamomos, principia- ba ya a obscurecer, y millares de gorriones buscaban alii 20 abrigo para la noche. . . . Los pasos de Juan retumbaron tristemente en las mo- vedizas losas de una larga crujia y, al termino de ella, entro en un segundo patjo, muy alumbrado todavia por los reflejos de poniente. 25 Alii, en medio de musgosa pila rodeada de boj, se ele- vaba una gran fuente de marmol. El rumor melancolico del agua prestaba aiin su indefi- nable tristeza a aquel recinto. Ya, en adelante, el convento no aparecia tan destro- 30 zado. — Un resto de fe religiosa habia dejado otro resto de pavor en el alma de los modernos Atilas. 1 7 8 NOVELAS CORTAS Y es que aquel era el camino del 1 templo. Las desmayadas luces de la tarde se iban retirando 2 de los claustros vacios que atravesaba nuestro joven. . . . El no tenia miedo. . . ; pero si una honda conmisera- 5 cidn, y como 3 espanto y pena, a la par que susto, ante la temeridad de nuestro siglo. Alii todo hablaba de lo pasado. Alii no existia lo presente. Alii pesaba el porvenir sobre el corazon como una io montana de hielo. Pocodespue's subio 4 una ancha escalera medio derrui- da, adornada con un gran cuadro al oleo. Representaba aquel cuadro la muerte de San Francisco de Paula. 5 .... 15 A traves del polvo que cubria el lienzo, distinguid la severa faz del moribundo, del fundador de aquella Or- den, del Patrono de aquella casa. . . . Entonces si tuvo miedo, y apresuro el paso. . . . Y al apresurar el paso, creyo que lo seguian. 20 jY temia pararse, porque el ruido de sus pisadas le asustaba menos que el silencio! Todas las celdas estaban cerradas. Encima de ellas se leia el nombre de sus antiguos mo- radores. 25 Algiin mueble roto, algunos libros por el suelo, algunos objetos de devocion. ... — He aqui lo unico que alii que- daba. . . . El sonador mancebo iba turbando la quietud de diez y siete afios de soledad y abandono. 30 El terror le hizo dejar aquellas interminables crujfas, y penetro en el claustro alto. FIN DE UNA NOVELA 79 II. Alii fue agradablemente sorprendido por las magnifi- cas poesfas que vio escritas a pincel, y con gruesos carac- teres, sobre los muros, formando una especie de carteles imitados, con su marco y todo. . . . Sobre una puerta que daba a la escalera de escape 5 leiase esta redondilla, 1 apostada como un centinela, 6, mejor dicho, como un querubin a la entrada del Eden: " Vuelvete i. Dios ; que la puerta Del que es amor infinito Nunca el corazon contrito 10 La 2 dejo de hallar abierta." * Juan retrocedid sin querer, pero le detuvo este aviso pavoroso: " Todos — oh mortal, — advierte — Vamos sin cesar huyendo, 3 15 Y como el agua corriendo Al mar de la amarga muerte." En cambio, leyo al pie de un soneto : " ; Dame, amor mio, amor con que te ame, Luz que me alumbre, fuego que me inflame !" 20 Aun repetia en su cabeza tan dulces y seraficas ex- presiones, cuando hallo esta imprecacidn al final de una octava: " j Menester es criar otros infiernos! " Pareciole estar oyendo a Isaias, temblo como la hoja 25 en el arbol. No lejos leyo esta delicadisima endecha: * Estos versos, y todos los siguientes, se leen todavia en los claustros del con- vento de San Diego de la ciudad de Guadix, de donde yo los he copiado. — (Not a del alitor.) 80 NOVELAS CORTAS " ; Oh dulce suspiro mio ! No quisiera dicha mas, Que cuando de mi te vas Hallarme donde te envio." 5 Reconcilidse con el desconocido autor de aquel asceti- co album, y siguio leyendo: " Lo mismo es seguir el vicio En que te estas deleitando, Que irte ciego despenando, IO Al eterno precipicio." Y mas alia: " j Contempla lo que has de ser ! j No aspires a lo que expira ! i Pon en lo eterno la mira ! 1 5 i Humo es hoy la luz de ayer ! " Y en otro lado : " Ajusta el vivir de suerte Que, al final de la partida, Saques de la muerte vida, 20 Y no de la vida muerte." En un rincon: " 1 Que sirve al ciervo la veloz huf da, Si el arpdn no sacude de la flecha ? ; No sacandole el hierro de la herida, 25 Poco aplicar el balsamo aprovecha ! Si de la oculta llaga envejecida El alma el mortal hierro no desecha, Del Sacramento la virtud divina Veneno le sera, no medicina." 30 Finalmente : al salir del claustro, y como si fuera un resumen de todo lo dicho, encontrd esta peregrina octava: " Si hallaste ya la senda de la vida, Desp6jate de todo lo que es tierra ; 35 Todo afecto de carne circuncida : La cruz abraza ; el propio amor des- tierra ; FIN DE UNA NOVELA Lo eterno pesa ; lo caduco olvida : " " Cierra los ojos y los labios cierra ; i Todo lo que no es Dios, tenlo por humo ! i No quieras otro bien que el que es bien sumo ! " III. En esto se hizo de noche. Juan quiso abandonar el convento . . . ; pero se habia extraviado en sus largas crujias. Alzose la brisa nocturna. . . 10 Los cinamomos gimieron tristemente, azotando las paredes del patio. El agua de la fuente gemia sin cesar. . . . Un ruisefior canto a lo lejos sus amores. ... — Iba a salir la luna. 15 El joven corrio desalentado por los claustros. . . . El eco repetia sus pisadas. Perdiose en un dedalo 2 de corredores, y llegd a temer no encontrar salida. Entonces vio una puerta entornada. 20 La empujo, y se hallo en el coro. El enorme facistol que ocupaba su centro parecia un luctuoso fantasma a la tenue claridad que se filtraba por las altas ojivas. Juan avanzo hasta llegar a la balaustrada de aquella 25 inmensa tribuna. Delante, encima y debajo de el, se desplegaba la iglesia, llena de sombra. Solo alia arriba, por una vidriera de la cupula, entra- ba en la amplisima nave un bianco destello del astro de 3° la noche. . . . 82 NOVELAS CORTAS Pero el joven estaba ya tranquilo. . . . Al terror que sentia poco antes, habia sucedido una paz melancolica. . . . Se hallaba en la casa de Dios. 5 De pronto percibio un sordo y lejano ruido, y vid aparecer alia abajo, en lo mas profundo de las tinieblas, en el fondo del prolongado templo, una blanca figura, una especie de fantasma, con una luz en la mano. . . . El infeliz se quedo helado de horror y supersticion, y io no pudo ni tan siquiera huir. . . . Avanzo el fantasma por la iglesia, y llegandose a un altar, que luego resulto ser el de la Virgen de los Dolores, 1 encendio una lampara que pendia del techo delante de el; arrodillose delante de la Madre de Jesus, y asi per- 15 manecio larguisimo tiempo. A la luz de la lampara, y mas aiin de la vela que aquella misteriosa vision conservaba en la mano, conocio, al fin, Juan que no tenia ante sus ojos un ser fantastico 6 diferente de toda humana criatura, sino a una mujer 20 todavia joven y hermosa, de noble y elegante aspecto y palido y demacrado rostro, que mas inspiraba admiracidn y lastima que aversion 6 miedo. ... — Sin embargo, no era posible sustraerse al asombro, espanto y maravilla que causaba en tal lugar y a aquella hora una aparicidn 25 tan extraordinaria, semejante a las quimeras de la calen- tura 6 a las creaciones de la fantasia poetica . . ., y por nada del mundo se hubiera aventurado el pobre joven a llamar sobre si la atencion de la desconocida. — Antes bien se hallaba dispuesto a correr y dar gritos, si por 30 acaso subia 2 la vision al coro, lo descubria y se le acer- caba. . . . Asi las cosas, ella fue la que lanzo un grito horrible, y FIN DE UNA NOVELA &$ cayd al suelo como herida de un rayo ... — La luz que tenia en la mano se apagd al mismo tiempo. Juan crey6 morir, y tuvo que agarrarse & la balaus- trada del coro para no caer tambien sin sentido. Reind luego un largo y profundo silencio, que parecia 5 no iba a terminar nunca. ... La triste mujer seguia en tierra, inmdvil, muda, rigida, y nuestro despavorido joven veia blanquear aquel cuerpo sobre el pavimento de la iglesia como si fuera la losa de marmol de una sepultura, sobre la cual algiin piadoso 10 deudo hubiese colgado perdurable lampara. . . . 1 Lo menos grave y espantoso que pensd entonces Juan, fue que la misteriosa dama habia muerto de repente. , . . Y como esto podia producir tambien grandes difi- cultades si se llegaba a saber que el estaba en aquellas 15 ruinas cuando ocurrio el caso, salio como pudo del coro, recorrid el convento en todos sentidos, hasta que did con la escalera ; atravesd luego los grandes patios a la fiinebre claridad de la ya remontada luna, y logrd al fin verse en medio del campo. ... 20 IV. Las diez de la noche iban k dar cuando nuestro joven forastero llegaba a su casa. Vivian alii otras varias personas, por ser casa de hue'spedes, y did la casualidad 2 que en aquel instante hablaba de la siguiente manera un Comandante retirado, 25 que llevaba ya algunos afios de residir en aquella pobla- cidn: — Yo la he visto dos veces en tas cercanias del con- 84 NOVELAS CORTAS vento. — Trabajo me habfa costado creer, d, por mejor decir, nunca habia crefdo, que fuese dama tan principal y bella como me contd el Alcalde la primavera pasada, despues de haberla instalado en aquel solitario edificio, 5 acatando una orden del Gobernador. — Pero, amigos, puedo asegurar que es una mujer distinguidfsima y muy hermosa, a quien deben de haber ocurrido cosas muy grandes y terribles. . . . — Al verme, en las dos ocasiones mencionadas, penetrd en el convento. . . . — (donde sa- 10 beis que habita la celda prioral, sin mas compana que esa viejisima servidora que viene a la ciudad a comprar viveres.) — Yo respete su tristeza y abatimiento, y no me atrevi a seguirla. . . . — j La primera vez que vaya a la capital he de enterarme de 1 quien es tan rara penitente, y 15 de toda su vida y milagros! — i Pues no lo conseguira V., como tampoco lo he con- seguido yo ! , . . (respondid el Administrador de Correos, que tambien estaba alii de huesped.) — La breve historia contada por el Alcalde me sorprendid como a todos Vds., 20 y luego me ha chocado mucho el que 2 esa mujer no reci- ba jamas cartas de nadie. . . . — Pregunte, pues, en el Gobierno civil la ultima vez que estuve en la capital, y dijeronme 8 que el mismo Gobernador ignora quien sea la noble dama recomendada a el por el Ministro de Hacien- 25 da para que le permitiera vivir en el monasterio ruinoso, sin mas explicaciones y sin decirle tan siquiera como se llamaba. . . . Juan era todo oidos; pero se guardd muy bien de con- tar lo que habia presenciado aquella noche. . . . 30 En esto llegd un alguacil 4 en busca del Promotor fis- cal, y le dijo que la viejisima servidora de la dama del monasterio acababa de presentarse al Juez, a darle parte FIN DE UNA NOVELA 85 de que su senora habia muerto de repente . . . ; razon por la cual tenia que trasladarse alii el Juzgado sin pe'rdida de tiempo. . . . A las doce de la noche estaba de regreso el Promotor en la casa de pupilos, y referia que, en efecto, la miste- 5 riosa dama habia muerto en medio de la iglesia del mo- nasterio campestre, mientras estaba rezando la Salve 1 de costumbre a la Virgen de los Dolores; que, a juicio de los medicos, su muerte habia provenido de una aneurisma en el corazon; que la vieja habia declarado ignorar ab- 10 solutamente como se llamaba la difunta y su condicion y patria; pero que el Obispo y el" Alcalde estaban ya de acuerdo en enterrarla en sagrado, visto que habia muerto rezandole a la Virgen y que estaba muy recomendada por el Gobernador; — al cual se daria inmediatamente cuenta 15 del suceso, a los efectos oportunos. Ya asi se hizo todo, y no paso mas ; ni nunca volvio a saberse cosa que tuviera relacidn con aquella infortunada, a quien no fue posible extender verdadera partida de se- pelio, ni poner epitafio en la sepultura, por la sencilla 20 razdn de que jamas llego a saberse su nombre. POST-SCRIPTUM. He aqui ely£/z de una novela, — Pero la novela, ^cual es? — Lo ignoramos completamente. Llegamos al teatro demasiado tarde, y solo hemos oido el liltimo acto de la tragedia. 25 I No fuera una temeridad y una profanacion ponernos a inventar los otros cuatro actos al tenor de nuestra fan- tasia ? 86 NOVELAS CORTAS Ni i que importa conocer los rios que alimentan el pro- fundo y poe'tico lago? Nosotros os hemos presentado la estatua modelada, tallada, pulida por el cincel del dolor. ... — ± A que 5 llevaros a la cantera de donde se arranco el marmol, 6 referiros las penosas labores que dieron por fruto ese tan acabado tipo de romantica desesperacion? Y, en suma: nadie puede privaros a los 1 que acabais de leerme, de la libertad en que estais y del derecho que io os asiste para discurrir la historia que se os antoje . . . , — con tal que tenga por fin y termino el desenlace re- ferido. NOTES NOTES I. EL AFRANCESADO. Introductory. — The time of the action of this story is the exciting period of the Peninsular War (i 807-1 814), which was waged on the Iberian peninsula by the French on one side and the Spaniards, Portuguese and English on the other. The reign of Charles IV (1 799-1 808) was a period of general dis- satisfaction, for the people realized that both the king and queen were but tools in the hands of their notorious favorite Godoy (1767-1851). In consequence of this an opposition party sprang up with the crown-prince Ferdinand as its head. On March 19, 1808 Charles, fearing the threatening attitude of his people, abdicated in favor of his son, who, amid popular rejoicing, ascended the throne as Ferdinand VII. Napoleon, profiting by the general confusion, sent Murat with an army into Spain, compelled Ferdinand to abdi- cate in favor of his father Charles and, through the influence of Godoy, prevailed upon Charles to yield all his rights to France. Accordingly, on June 6 Joseph Bonaparte was proclaimed king of Spain. But the Spaniards were unwilling to bow to a foreign king. The defeat of the French army at Bailen on July 20 alarmed Napoleon to such an extent that he came in person with three large armies. By December 1808 he occupied Madrid. Then his extensive prep- arations against Austria compelled him to return to France. However, he left the army under the command of Soult in Spain. By this time the national pride and patriotic feeling of the Spaniards had been thoroughly aroused. England also had been waiting for an opportunity to fight the French on land, and, there- fore, made common cause with Spain and Portugal. Nevertheless the French were successful, so that by the summer of 1810 they practically had possession of the entire peninsula. Only Galicia 87 88 NOTES [P. 1 and a few strong towns like Cadiz, Valencia and Bajadoz were still held by the Spaniards. The withdrawal of a large number of French troops from the peninsula for the campaign against Germany and rivalries and dissensions among the remaining French generals gave the Spaniards and English an opportunity of gaining decided advantages. The war came to a sudden end through the forced abdication of Napoleon on April u, 1814. Page 1. — 1. Padr6n, a town in Galicia (north-western Spain) in the province of La Coruna. 2. territorio gallego; the present division of Spain into 49 provinces dates from the year 1833. Before that, Spain was divided into 14 political divisions. Of these Galicia was in the extreme north-west, having Portugal for its boundary on the south. To-day the territory comprises the four provinces of Coruna, Lugo, Orense, and Pontevedra. Its two millions of inhabitants still speak a distinct dialect known -as gallego which closely resembles Portuguese, . But gallego is by no means a corrupted Castilian. Although pro- ceeding from the same sources as the latter, it is older. In fact, the oldest literary monuments of Spain, the Cantigas of Alfonso X, are in gallego. 3. sapos, culebras, y agua llovediza, were used in divination and fortune-telling. 4. acaso y sin acaso, a peculiar idiom expressing doubt at first, and then modyfying the doubt into a statement of probability; translate: most probably, or very likely, or without scarcely any doubt. 5. que hoy se llamara, which to-day, I believe \ is called ; a rather unusual use of the future. 6. las cuales ; el cual is used instead of quien or que whenever the relative is some distance from its antecedent. Thus ambiguity is avoided, especially if other nouns intervene. 7. las Animas ; the Latin anima has become alma in Spanish, but the Latin form is still retained when speaking of the souls of the departed in purgatory. — It is a pious custom in Spain to ring the church-bells at nightfall, reminding the faithful to offer up a short prayer for the departed. P. 2-4] NOTES 89 Page 2. — 1. por judlO, because he is a Jew, for a Jew; the uses of por are manifold because it represents the Latin per and pro. Here it may be regarded as expressing cause or characteristic. — All sorts of calamities befalling communities or individuals were by- popular superstition ascribed to the supposed evil agency of the Jews. 2. mas de, when a definite number is stated than is rendered by de, otherwise by que, 3. llevo echados ; for the sake of emphasis a few other verbs (especially llevar, Ihgar, tener) are sometimes used as auxiliary instead of haber ; but in such cases the past participle is treated strictly like an adjective, agreeing in gender and number with the noun or pronoun, whereas the participle with haber is always in- variable. 4. VOZ de figle, coarse, rough voice; Jigle is the "ophicleide," a deep brass instrument in general use in the orchestra until about the middle of the last century. Its tone was very powerful, but coarse. 5. habia de esperar, the imperfect indicative is sometimes used where the conditional is expected, or to express a condition contrary to fact. This use is due to a direct influence of the Latin and Greek use of the same tense. 6. realista, the two words realista = royalist and realista = " realist" though identical in spelling, must be kept strictly separate ; the former comes from the Latin regalis (rex), the latter from realis (res). The Spanish coin real also comes from regalis, as well as the real in camino real. Cf. " the king's highway." 7. Fernando, in March 1808, after the abdication of Charles IV, the crown-prince Ferdinand was proclaimed king; but before the end of June he was deposed. After the close of the Peninsular War in 1 814 he was restored and occupied the throne until 1833. Llis reign was a most unfortunate one, for Spain lost almost all her American possessions, while interval revolutions drained the country of its best blood. Ferdinand is largely responsible for the abject condition of Spain during the nineteenth century. Cf. introductory note. Page 4. — 1. los amores secretos de Napole6n; in 1897 F. Masson published a book entitled: Napoleon et les Femmes, in 90 NOTES [P. 4-5 which we learn that even at the age of sixteen the future conqueror was not unsusceptible to female charms. 2. la noche del 2 de mayo ; while Spain was still in confusion over the abdication of Charles IV in 1808, Napoleon sent Murat with an army to occupy Madrid. The people violently resented such foreign interference. During the night of May 2 the Spanish patriots suddenly fell upon the French garrison, of whom about 1200 were killed. 3. la batalla de las Piramides, the famous victory of the French under Napoleon over the Mamelukes under Murad Bey, July 21, 1798. 4. Luis XVI, the unfortunate king of France (1774-93) who was guillotined January 21, 1793. 5. de, when clauses or phrases in Spanish perform the function of single words, they invariably are preceded by the preposition which would govern the single word; cf. page 6, line 13, or page 13, line 18. 6. no hay Dios, during the Reign of Terror in France by a pub- lic decree of November 10, 1793, Religion was formally abolished and Reason proclaimed in its stead. 7. Sans6n, cf. Book of Judges XIII-XVI. 8. Mil6n de Crotona, a famous athlete who, according to Hero- dotus, lived about B. C. 520. He won the prize in six Olympian, seven Pythian, ten Isthmian and nine Nemean games. Page 5. — 1. reino de Granada; in A. D. 711 the Saracens in- vaded Spain and gradually established the Moorish kingdom of Granada. The war referred to here was begun in 1482 by Ferdi- nand V, and ended in the downfall of the Moorish dynasty. On November 25, 1491, the city of Granada was forced to capitulate, and in January of the following year the kings of Castile and Aragon entered the Moorish capital in triumph. 2. Rey Cat61ico, Ferdinand V, surnamed "the Catholic" (i45 2 ~ 1516). During his reign the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon be- came united under one crown through his marriage with Isabella. Ferdinand was eminently successful in all his wars and diplomatic negotiations. To him Spain owes her unity and subsequent great- ness as a nation. 3. Quirinal, the summer residence of the popes. It was begun P. 5-(>l NOTES 91 in 1574 by Pope Gregory XIII, and completed after almost thirty years. Since the abolition of the temporal power of the pope in 1870 it has been the residence of the king of Italy. It's name is derived from the collis Quirinalis, one of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built. 4. Alejandro Borja, Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503), one of the most notorious popes and most criminal characters known to his- tory. 5. No me haciais tan linajudo, you did not suspect that I was of suck illustrious descent. 6. Cosenza, capital of the province of Cosenza in southern Italy. It is famous as the burial place of Alaric, king of the Visigoths, who is said to have been buried under the bed of the river Busento. 7. Manfredonia, a city on the Adriatic in the province of Apulia. 8. Cerinola, Cerignola, a city in southern Italy. It is famous for a victory won in 1503 over the French by Gonsalvo de Cordoba, a general of Ferdinand V. This victory established the Spanish supremacy in the kingdom of Naples. 9. Pavla, capital of the province of Pavia in northern Italy. The bloody battle fought here in 1525 put an end to the first war between Francis I of France and the German Emperor Charles V (1 521-5). Francis was taken prisoner and confined in Madrid for one year. His sword was kept as a trophy in the Spanish capital until the French occupation of Madrid by Murat in 1808. 10. Rey de Francia, see preceding note. 11. Murat (1 767-181 5), one of the most famous and trusted generals of Napoleon and king of Naples (1808-1815). He com- manded the French cavalry at Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena and Fried- land. At the outbreak of the Peninsular War he was placed in command of the French army in Spain. He was taken prisoner by the Austrians, court-martialled and shot October 13, 181 5. 12. Francisco I, king of France (15 15-1547), not only was a great general but also a generous patron of the arts and learning. Dur- ing his reign were laid the foundations of the greatness of France, which under his successors became the foremost European power. 13. vendran a matarme, the use of the future indicative to ex- press probability is very common. Page 6, — 1. esper6 a, cf. page 4, note 5. 92 NOTES [P. 6-10 2. te vaya diciendo ; when a pronoun is governed by an infinite mood (infinitive or participle) of a verb, which itself is dependent upon a finite mood of some preceding verb, the pronoun may either precede the finite or follow the infinite mood. Thus it would be equally correct to say : yo vaya diciendote ; cf. page 17, lines 18, 27. 3. pon, one of the few verbs that drop the ending of the impera- tive; cf. haz, sal, ten, ven. Page 7. — 1. vamos a ver, in this phrase, as well as in all others where vamos has the force of a hortative subjunctive, vamos is not the indicative, but a real subjunctive, being a secondary form beside the regular vayamos. The former comes from the classical Latin subjunctive vadamus through vaamos, the latter from the vulgar Latin subjunctive vadeamus. It must be borne in mind that not the classical, but the vulgar Latin is the basis of Spanish. 2. anfitri6n, A??7phit?yon, a legendary prince of Thebes. One day Jupiter, disguised as Amphitryon, gave a great feast at the prince's house. During the revelry the real Amphitryon appears, but his servants refuse him admission. This story was used by Moliere in his comedy of Amphitryon (1668). While Amphitryon is trying to convince the guests that he is the real master, Sosie, his servant, answers: Le veritable Amphitryon Est l'Amphitryon ou Ton dine. (Ill, 5). Since these lines were written the name has been used in the gene- ral sense of host. Page 10. — 1. cualquiera, it must be remembered that the final a does not indicate gender, but is the subjunctive ending. 2. asesinos, from the Arabic hashshashhi, eater of hashish (In- dian hemp); this plant acts as a powerful stimulant upon the human system. The hashshashin were a sect of fanatics organized in Persia in 1090 for the purpose of destroying the Christians. Before setting out upon their murderous expeditions the members worked themselves into a perfect frenzy by the excessive use of hashish. The word has passed into all the Romance languages and from these, in turn, was borrowed by some of the Germanic languages. 3. aterrados, there are two words aterrar identical in spelling P. 10-13] NOTES 93 (cf. real; page 2, note 6) : One meaning " to frighten " (from Latin terror) never changes the radical e (cf. Sp. terror); the other mean- ing " to fell " (from Latin terra) changes the radical e whenever the stress falls upon it (cf. Sp. tierra). Page 11. — 1. deteneos, the final doi an imperative is regularly dropped when os is added; just as final s of the first person plural disappears in case of addition of nos. Cf. vdmonos, page 57, line 22. 2. Coruna, the capital of the province of Corufia, is situated on the Atlantic Ocean, about 40 miles from Padron. Page 12. — 1. bendecido, As a rule compound verbs follow the conjugation of the primitive simple verb in all respects; but ben- decir and maldecir are conjugated throughout like regular verbs. The older participles bendito and maldito are used to-day only as adjectives; cf. page 15, lines 18, 30. 2. llorado de, the physical agent is expressed by por, but when the verb expresses a mental action de is used, llorado here does not refer to the physical act of " weeping," but to the mental act of "mourning"; cf. page 48, line 8; page 51, line 3 ; page 64, line 13 J P a g e 77, line 12. II. LA BUENAVENTURA. Page 13. — 1. Granada, on the river Jenil, the capital of the province of Granada. The oldest part of the town, the Albaicin, once the quarter of the Moorish nobility, is now practically in ruins and inhabited chiefly by gypsies. The captaincy-general of Granada comprises the three provinces of Almeria, Granada and Jaen. 2. se reducian a una soga, consisted of only a rope. 3. capitan-general ; for the purpose of military government Spain is divided into captaincies-general, each of which comprises three or four provinces. Each province has its own civil governor subject, however, to the authority of the captain-general who is both civil and military head of the entire district. Any officer who has reached the grade of lieutenant-general is eligible as captain- general. Promotion to this dignity carries with it a seat in the Senate as senator of the first class with tenure for life. Cuba, 94 NOTES [P. 13-15 Porto Rico and the Philippines, when still dependencies of Spain, were each governed by a captain-general. 4. excuso anadir, it is needless to add ; it scarcely need be added. 5. orden de, cf. page 4, note 5. Page 14. — 1. Maria Santisima, the very free use of the names of saints and of the Redeemer himself is not felt by the Romance nations as anything in the least objectionable or irreverent. Such expressions are best rendered in English by ; goodness gracious, bless my soul, great Ccesar etc. 2. toitico, a diminutive from todo, peculiar to the dialect of Andalusia, and used only in familiar speech; it has two diminu- tive endings (ito, ico) and its origin is as follows: todo, todito, todi- tico and then by syncopation of the d (between two vowels) toitico. The suffix ico was originally characteristic of Aragon and equiva- lent to the Castilian ito. In Castilian ico usually is sarcastic, but here the effect is humorously familiar. It is almost impossible to give an adequate English translation of the word. The German would say: Herr der ganzen, lieben Welt. 3. lo ; the general usage of the best writers prefers the form le also for the accusative when reference is made to persons, reserving lo for masculine inanimate objects. In this particular case one might think that Alarcon purposely used lo to avoid the recurrence of the e sound with the following he. Although the author does not altogether avoid le he has a decided preference for lo. Cf. no le conozco, page 19, line 28; also page 4, line 10. Page 15. — 1. que lo que ... la tierra, that there is not a living soul on earth who can do what a gypsy cannot accomplish. 2. camino de T6zar, the road leading to Tozar. All the Romance languages use the preposition de, conceiving the direction from the point of destination toward the traveller rather than the reverse, as we do; seguir su camino a Tozar would mean, "to continue one's journey to Tozar. In the first instance camino is concrete, in the second abstract. — Tozar is either fictitious or very insignificant; it is not found on any map. 3. ocho dias, a zveek, counting both the present day and the same day of the following week; in like manner qtiince dias, a fort- night. Note the peculiar German usage: " heute in acht Tagen," but : " heute in vierzehn Tagen." P. 15-17] NOTES 95 4. maldito, bendito, cf. page 12, note 1. 5. compadre, a term of good fellowship; cf. the use of -uncle by our country people; also Fr. compere, Ger. Gevatter. 6. real, cf. page 2, note 6. 7. que haya, can it be possible that there should be ; Sentences fre- quently begin with this elliptical que to convey the idea of surprise or some other sudden emotion. Page 16. — 1. gitanico, cf. page 14, note 2. 2. le, the redundant use of the pronoun. 3. luego, originally an adverb of place, from Latin locus ; the use of the same adverb to denote both place and time is very com- mon, cf. Gr. evravda Lat. ubi, Ger. da, Engl, there (in " there- upon," "thereafter"). In Spanish luego soon was used only for time, and another word lugar (Lat. locarius) was found to take the place of the substantive " place." 4. senorico, my dear sir ; cf. page 14, note 2. 5. si, this conjunction is very often employed with the force of an interjection expressing surprise, like the English why, well. 6. decir Parr6n, when an infinitive is used like a noun it is still capable of having a subject or object like any finite part of the verb. Page 17. — 1. le, the dative, especially of the personal pro- nouns, often expresses the idea of separation like the Latin abla- tive. 2. burro en pelO, a mule without harness, i. e. having nothing but the hair nature gave him. 3. reales, from Latin realis (rex), because the head of the king or some royal insignia were stamped upon it ; cf. page 2, note 6. 4. se, used instead of le because the following pronoun also begins with /. But this se is not the reflexive pronoun; in old Spanish it appears as ge, and was first used as an enclitic with the infinitive, dargelo. It comes from vulgar Lat. Hi; cf. Ital. gli,glielo. 5. me va a perdonar, cf. page 6, note 2. 6. dices que cuando, a construction analogous to dices que si ; si and no when following a verb of feeling or declaring must al- ways be preceded by que, which cannot be translated ; cf. Yx.je dis que non. 7. podia salir . . . los sesos, might cost me my neck. 96 NOTES [P. 18-20 Page 18. — 1. plazo, always denotes an appointed time within certain fixed limits. 2. quedamos en lo dicho, we struck the bargain ; Cf. Ger. Es blieb dabei. 3. alii, cf. page 39, note 7. 4. segundo de Parr6n, the one next in rank to Patron. The phrase is evidently formed by analogy with segundo cabo, the mili- tary officer next in rank to the captain-general. Page 19. — 1. consigo, originally sigo (from Latin secum) ; go represented cu??i. After a while one lost sight of the fact that go was the preposition and con was prefixed. For this doubling of prepositions cf. debajo de, delante de, etc. 2. por los dolores, referring to the anguish of Mary when she saw her son die upon the cross. 3. los gitanos tenemos, we gypsies also have ; Even if nosotros were expressed the definite article could not be omitted. 4. no le COnozco, cf. page 14, note 3; le is evidently used to a- void the cumulation of o's. But cf. page 22, line 13. 5. Alicante, on the Mediterranean, capital of the province of Alicante. It is the seat of a United States consulate. 6. Sevilla, on the Guadalquivir, capital of the province of Sevilla. More than any other Spanish city it has preserved its Moorish character. The famous cathedral is one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture. Here is also the famous Colum- bian library containing all the books and manuscripts of Colum- bus. Seville was captured by the Moors in the eighth century and became the capital of the kingdom of the Abadites. Since its re- capture by Ferdinand III in 1248, it has been the capital of Castile. 7. amigo mio, in direct address the substantive form of the pos- sessive is regularly used and placed after the noun. 8. todo el que cae . . . muera, every 07ie who falls into our power is bound to die. Page 20. — 1. haz, cf. page 6, note 3. 2. me, ethical dative, a kind of secondary dative of interest or advantage. It does not exist in English. 3. sera, cf. page 5, note 13. 4. pasando, note that the gerund can never be inflected; the [I\ 20-24 NOTES 97 reason is that the Latin gerund has taken the place of the Spanish present participle, and the is the ablative ending. The real Latin participle, preserved in many cases, has become entirely detached from the verb and become either a noun or an adjective. Compare pasando, p as ante ; amando, am ante ; siguiendo, siguiente etc. Cf. page 24, line 21 ; page 40, line 27. 5. ve, the stem of ver is ve ; the final e of the stem is contracted with any initial e of an ending; thus ves, ve {vees, vee) ; but veo, veia, vea. 6. debo vivir ; deber followed directly by a complementary in- finitive always denotes compulsion, necessity, obligation; followed by de preceding the infinitive it denotes probability or conjecture. 7. Ner6n, the Roman emperor Nero (A. D. 54-68), notorious for his scandalous private life as well as his persecution of Christians. He murdered his mother, wife and teacher, the venerable philoso- pher Seneca. During the chief persecution of the Christians in 64, he entertained the populace by having the followers of the new faith devoured by wild beasts in the arena, having them covered with pitch and tar and lighted as torches. 8. padres predicatores, the Dominicans, an order of preaching friars founded by St. Dominic in 121 5. In England they are known as Black Friars, because of their garb which consists of a black cloak and hood. Page 21. — 1. se =le, cf. page 17, note 4. Page 22. — 1. roto; romper has two participles row (Lat. rup- tus) and rompido ; the latter is chiefly used in forming the com- pound tenses, the former has almost the force of an adjective. But this distinction is not always observed, as in the present instance. 2. caminos reales, cf. page 2, note 6. Page 23. — 1. si conforme soy yo quien, if it had not been my- self who. 2. migueletes (also written miqueletes), a body of soldiers origi- nally organized in Catalonia as a protection against highway rob- bers ; they are called after Miquelots de Prats y their organizer and leader. 3. quince dias, cf. page 15, note 3. Page 24. — 1. debian salir, were to depart; cf. page 20, note 6. gS NOTES [P. 24-29 2. reino granadino, cf. page 5, note 1. Page 25. — 1. repuso; the preterite of reporter is frequently used in the sense of replied. This verb has probably been influenced by the figurative meaning of proponer and suponer. Cf. Ger. ver- setzte (with the same meaning in the imperfect only). Page 26. — 1. tengo que, the English must, when expressing necessity or obligation, is rendered by tener que ; when expressing merely a belief or supposition, by haber de : ha de ser frio, it must be cold. (I believe it is). 2. que COnde . . . muerto, what, in thunder , have you to do with the count of M.? ■ III. EL ASISTENTE. Page 28. — 1. CUal es en si, as it is reflected in one^s own heart. 2. Byron (1 788-1 824), the famous English poet. 3. Andalucia, the southernmost division of Spain. The dialect of Andalusia shows stronger Arabic influences than any of the more northerly provinces, which is easily accounted for by the fact that Andalusia was for centuries the stronghold of the Moors. It was at the height of its power under Moorish dominion, when there was a spirit of toleration and general enlightenment that stood out in striking contrast with the intellectual darkness of the rest of Europe. 4. Granada, cf. page 13, note 1. 5. Alhambra, the famous palace of the Moorish kings. As early as the ninth century a citadel by the name of al hamra (the red) was built on the site of the later structure. In 1238 Granada became the capital of the Moorish power, and ten years later Mo- hammed-Ibn-el-Ahmar built the famous palace. Charles V de- stroyed a considerable part of it to make room for another build- ing. Isabella II restored the Alhambra in part, but it was again ravaged by fire in 1890. 6. Los siete suelos, in Europe it is customary to give all sorts of fanciful names to inns. Page 29. — 1. Duque de Reichstadt (1811-1832), the only son of Napoleon I and the Empress Maria Louisa. After the battle of Waterloo Napoleon abdicated in favor of this son, but the wSenate P. 29-31] NOTES 99 ignored his wishes and placed Louis XVIII upon the throne. Na- poleon II was educated by his grandfather Francis I of Austria, who created him Duke of Reichstadt. 2. Louis XVII (1785-95), the second son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette; through the death of his elder brother he be- came dauphin, and after the execution of his father titular king. The revolutionists turned him over to a brutal shoemaker, who through neglect and abuse caused the child's death. 3. papisa Juana, the female pope Joan who was said to have occupied the papal chair from 855-858, succeeding Leo IV. The myth was first shown to have no foundation in fact by a French calvinist, David Blondel. As a matter of history, Leo IV was suc- ceeded by Benedict III (855-8). 4. Preste Juan de las Indias, Prester John, a mythical personage of whose fabulous wealth accounts were- circulated during the middle ages. He was represented as the head of a Christian com- munity somewhere in India or Africa. 5. Sebastian de Portugal, king of Portugal (1557-78), was slain in the battle of Kasr-el-Kebir. His body was never positively identified, so that a legend sprang up about him similar to that of Frederic Barbarossa in Germany. Sebastian is not dead, but will reappear some day to restore the ancient glory of Portugal. 6. sobre poco mas 6 menos, about, approximately. 7. maniqueismo, Manichaeism, a speculative religious system of Western Asia founded by the Persian sage Mani (c. 216-277); it is a mixture of Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Gnosticism. The Manichaean hierarchy closely resembles that of the Catholic church. Page 30. — 1. Totana, a city in the province of Murcia in south-eastern Spain. 2. tunecino, Tunis is the most northerly country of Africa; since 1881 it has been a French protectorate. 3. a todo prueba, ready to stand any test. 4. no le conoci, lit., " I did not know to him," i. e., / did not know that he had; cf. Fr. * je ne lui connus pas.' 5. tuviesemos 6 no dinero = si tuviesemos dinero no. 6. vamos, cf. page 7, note 1. Page 31. — 1. me hablaba de usted, used the pronoun V. when addressing me. LofC. IOO NOTES [P. 31-36 2. que mas, at most; an elliptical construction for que mas ahorro. 3. debio de sufrir, cf. page 20, note 6. Page 32. — 1. paria, a person belonging to the lowest class of southern India. The mere touch of a pariah is supposed to render a Brahman impure; formerly the pariahs were compelled to wear bells, so as to warn people of their approach, but to-day they are largely employed in the fields and as servants to Europeans. 2. veia, cf. page 20, note 5. Page 33. — 1. ultima intentona carlista, as Alarcon wrote this story in 1854 the rebellion to which he here refers as "the last" was the one of 1834-9. The adherents of the queen-regent Maria Christina were known as Cristinos, those of the pretender Charles as Carlistas. Many bloody battles were fought until Espartero forced the Carlist general Maroto to surrender. The treaty of Vergara (August 31, 1839) ended the conflict. Carlos fled to France. 2. Cataluna, the north-eastern division of Spain, comprising the provinces of Barcelona, Tarragona, Lerida and Gerona. The dia- lect of Catalonia is a variety of Proven9al. In energy and general intelligence the Catalonians surpass the rest of the Spaniards. Page 34. — 1. tenientes, compare the Italian luogotenente and the French lieutenant, i. e. one holding the place of the superior officer as his representative; cf. Engl, lieutenant-governor. 2. tenia que, cf. page 26, note 1. Page 35. — 1. plena, identical with llena; the former occurs only in literary language, and is easily recognized as a recent word, since the Latin pi (plenus) is preserved. 2. previa; formerly the imperfect of ver was via, a form still found frequently in modern poetry. As to the conjugation of the compounds of ver authorities differ; some hold that these com- pounds should strictly follow the conjugation of ver, contracting the e of the stem with a following e of an ending (cf. page 20, note 5) ; others retain the radical e in all compounds, proveer is almost universally used with the full stem ve. Page 36. — 1. tenia dispuesto, cf. page 2. note 3. 2. a (Mfirel 3. se fue, cf. page 6, note 2. P. 37-40] NOTES IOI Page 37. — i» los asistentes que he tenido despugs, this would seem to imply a contradiction; cf. page 29, line 27. IV jBUENA PESCA! Page 39. — 1. guerra de Sucesion, the War of the Spanish Succession (1 701-14); On the death of Charles II of Spain with- out male heir Louis XIV of France and Emperor Leopold I of Austria each claimed the Spanish crown, the former for his grandson Philip of Anjou, the latter for his second son Charles. The war ended with the peace of Rastadt in 1714 leaving Philip in possession of the Spanish crown. 2. Louis XIV, king of France from 1643-17 15, under whose reign the French power was at its height; but this very aggran- dizement, by fair means or foul, proved in the end the greatest calamity. Louis' utter disregard of the rights of the people and the extravagance of the court sowed the seed of that popular dis- content which brought about the French Revolution; cf. preceding note. 3. hidalgo, i. e. hijo de algo. 3. aragones, Aragon in north-eastern Spain, formerly a kingdom, now a captaincy-general comprising the three provinces of Saragossa, Teruel and Huesca; the capital is Saragossa. 5. vivo retratO, exact counterpart. 5. vive Dios ... en zaga, bless my sou/, if it did not rival him, 6. figuraoslo, cf . page 1 1 , note 1 . 7. alia, according to strict grammatical distinction alia means "thither" (motion), alii, "there" (rest); just as aqui is "here," and acd, "hither." But even the best writers do not observe this distinction; cf. the English: " come here," "go there." Page 40. — 1. subiase, this verb offers a striking example of how far language can occasionally (but very seldom) lose sight of etymology. This verb is evidently a compound of sub -f ir and should mean " go under" or " undergo " (as in Latin) and follow the conjugation of ir ; instead it is a regular verb of the third conjuga tion, and means the very opposite of what it would be expected to mean. 2. si imposible era llegar, the infinitive llegar is the subject 102 NOTES [P. 40-45 3. sirviendo, modifier of las mallas ; cf. page 20, note 4. 4. "presa.S>p render has two past participles : prendido, preso ; the latter is the preferred form, both in the compound tenses and as an adjective. Page 41. — 1. intimas, it is interesting to note how the Latin intra, intro (comp. interior, sup. intimus) has given rise to three distinct words in Spanish, viz: the adverb dentro (de -4- intra, intro) and the two adjectives interior, intimo, which are the positive degree and admit regular comparison; cf. the English: " interior," "intimate." 2. andar, pisada, meneo, all three words refer to the movement of the body when walking; the first is general, the second has reference to the lightness or grace of the step, the third to the carriage of the body. Page 42. — 1. consigo, cf. page 19, note 1. 2. tumbaga, a ring made of tombac, an alloy of copper and zinc. Such rings were supposed to guard the wearer against misfortune. 3. amante, cf. page 20, note 4. Page 43. — 1. tenia prohibida, cf. page 2, note 3. 2. le, cf. page 16, note 2. 3. oliendo, note the present huelo. The change of Latin ac- cented to ne in Spanish is familiar. But no Spanish word can begin with ue ; hence initial accented prefixes the //. Compare initial e, which bcomes not ie, hut ye : yegua (Lat. eqtia). Page 44. — 1. a fe, a fe, verily indeed. The same adverb re- peated twice denotes strengthening; the first adverb is best rend- ered in English by very. 2. andaba muy descaminado, to denote the continuation of any state andar is frequently employed instead of ser or the progressive form with estar. Page 45. — 1. hace siglo y medio, Alarcon wrote the present story in 1854, the War of the Spanish Succession was ended in 1714. 2. apogeo, {0.776 from, yrj earth), that point of a planet's orbit at which such a planet is at the maximum distance from the earth. In modern astronomy the term has become restricted to the orbits of the sun and moon. P. 46-51] NOTES IO3 Page 46. — I. ya se pUSO, had set; the use of the preterit instead of the pluperfect is not unusual. 2. que lo viera, the same as habia visto. This form of the pret- erite subjunctive is derived directly from the Latin pluperfect in- dicative {viderani). Hence it is not infrequently used with the exact force of the pluperfect indicative. This construction is par- ticularly frequent in relative clauses. 3. me voy a dar, cf. page 6, note 2. Page 47. — i. maravedises, a somewhat unusual plural, the regular form being maravedis ; but even this is an exception to the rule that all words ending in accented i shall add es. — The name of the coin is derived from the Moorish dynasty of Murabitin who first struck these coins in Cordova in the 11 century. Then it was a gold coin worth about $3.50. To-day it is the smallest copper coin worth ^ of a real or J of a cent. Page 48. — i. jota, a very popular Spanish dance in f time, somewhat like a waltz. Almost every province has its special form of jota. That of Aragon is the most artistic and famous. 2. repuso, cf. page 25, note 1. 3. ya lo creo, / should say so. 4. habra pescado, cf. page 5, note 13. V. LAS DOS GLORIAS. Page 51. — 1. Rubens, (i 577-1640), the greatest painter of the Flemish school and a man of scholarly attainments and universal culture; besides being one of the world's greatest painters he was also one of the most versatile and prolific, having produced no less than 1300 paintings. 2. Castilla la Nueva, the former kingdom of Castile was divided into Old and New Castile; the latter is the more southerly and comprises the present provinces of Madrid, Guadalajara, Toledo, Cuenca and Ciudad Real ; Its language is the standard literary dialect of Spain. 3. Descendimiento, The Descent from the Cross, one of the most famous of the pictures of Rubens. It was painted in 161 2, and is now in the cathedral of Antwerp. 1 04 NOTES [P. 51-53 4. calavera, many Catholic families keep in their bedroom or some other private room an image of a death's skull, as a constant reminder of the certainty of death : these skulls generally bear the inscription: memento mori. Page 52. — 1. que figuraba estar colgado, which was repre- sented as hanging. 2. de qui£n puede ser . . . obra, by whom can this magnificent picture have been painted? Ordinarily ser de means "to belong to " ; but here de denotes origin or authorship, as in the phrase obra de Rubens, cf. the English "of" (possession and origin). 3. Velazquez (1 599-1 660), the greatest of Spanish painters, and one of the world's greatest artists; he was equally great in concep- tion and execution. 4. Zurbaran (1 598-1 662), a famous Spanish painter, surpassed only by Velazquez and Murillo. 5. Ribera (1 588-1656), a celebrated master of the Neapolitan school; his works are characterized by a wild, extravagant fancy, but great vigor and splendid color-effects. 6. Murillo (161 7-1 682), next to Velazquez the greatest Spanish painter; he is noted for his employment of real Spanish types to express ideal religious conceptions. Page 53. — 1. asuntO propio, personal experience. 2. vos, an older form of the pronoun of direct address, now used only in imitation of the antique style; its employment here is a very happy touch, for, as a matter of fact, Rubens visited Madrid in 1628, and made the personal acquaintance of the famous masters just mentioned. 3. yo me entiendo, / know what I am talking about; cf. Yx.j'e m'y connais, and Ger. ich verstehe mich darauf. 4. profesar de veras . . . religiosas ; before pronouncing the final vows in any of the monastic orders the candidate must have passed through a novitiate. The primary vows pronounced upon entering the novitiate are not binding for life. If, after the expira- tion of the novitiate, the candidate wishes to withdraw he is still at liberty to do so, but the final vows are binding for life. Certain orders have a discipline so severe that their members practically no longer belong to this world. The Trappists, for instance, are not permitted ever to leave their cloister or speak to each other. P. 53-59] NOTES 105 5. una misma persona, one and the same person. 6. como la cosa tiene fecha, since we know the date of this oc- currence ; cf. page 52, line 21. Page 54. — I. Padre Prior, to-day the terms abbot and prior are practically synonymous ; the older monasteries, however, were divided into two classes : abbeys and priories. The former were the more important or mother monasteries, the latter branch establishments ; thus the priors, while the heads of their respective monasteries, were subject to the abbot of the mother monastery. Page 55. — i. debi6 ser, cf. page 20, note 6. 2. por ir unido, por here denotes cause or reason. 3. conmigo, cf. page 19, note 1. 4. vamos, cf. page 7, note 1. Page 56. — 1. Uevaos, cf. page 11, note 1. Page 57. — 1. vamonos, cf. page 11, note 1. Page 58. — 1. S.S. M.M., in 1628 Philip IV was king of Spain. Rubens had been sent to the Spanish court as ambassador of the Netherlands to conduct the peace negotiations between England and Spain. England had become involved with Spain through her open sympathy with the Netherlands in their struggle for independence (1 568-1648). VI. DOS RETRATOS. The material of this story is drawn from the Historia de la Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V by Prudencio Sandoval, which appeared in Madrid in 1604. Page 59. — 1. Plasencia, a city on the river Jerte in the prov- ince of Caceres adjoining Portugal. 2. por los anos 1557, somewhere about the year 1557; in order to express time in an indefinite manner a word designating a definite period is often used in the plural, cf. the plural unos. 3. solitarios de San Jer6nirno; there are several orders of St. Jerome, known as the Hieronymites. The oldest of these was established in 1370. Their garb is a coarse white garment with a black hood. The chief Hieronymite monasteries in Spain were 106 NOTES [P. 59-61 those of Guadaloupe, the Escorial and San Yuste near Plasencia. The latter is the monastery to which the author refers here. Page 60. — i. en aquel entonces, among the many causes that made the middle of the sixteenth century such an exciting period the chief were: the Reformation with its attendant wars and persecutions, the Renaissance, the discoveries of new lands and a complete revolution in science and philosophy. 2. debian de ser, cf. page 20, note 6. 3. 6rase, note the peculiar reflexive; ser never admits the re- flexive pronoun, except in the third person singular and plural of the imperfect without any special significance. It can only be accounted for by the Spanish fondness for redundant expression; compare the opening phrase of many familiar fairy stories: erase que se era. — In the finite moods of the verb (except imperative) the atonic pronoun as a rule precedes the verb; but when an im- perfect or preterit is the first word of a sentence such a pronoun may be joined to the verb as in the case of the infinite moods. Page 61. — 1. Francisco, St. Francis Borgia (1 510-1572) spent his youth and early manhood in worldly pleasures at the court of Charles V. After the death of his wife in 1545 he entered the Society of Jesus, where he soon distinguished himself, so that he became vicar-general of the order in Spain and Portugal. In 1565 he was made General of the entire order. He was canonized in 1 67 1. 2. el de la barba gris, this person is none other than the great emperor Charles V. He was born at Ghent, February 24, 1500 as the eldest son of Philip, archduke of Austria, and Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. In 1506, upon the death of his father, Charles fell heir to the Netherlands. On the death of his maternal grandfather in 15 16 he also became king of Spain. When his paternal grandfather, the Emperor Maximilian, died in 1 519 the electors raised Charles to the Imperial throne. As Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Charles was the most powerful prince of Christendom, for his dominions comprised Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Spain with its enormous possessions in America. During his reign he conducted nine com- paigns in Germany, six in Spain, seven in Italy, four in France, ten in the Netherlands, two in England and two in Africa. And F.61-63] NOTES IO7 besides all this there were the religious troubles of the Reforma- tion. No wonder, that at the age of 55 Charles was an old man who found the emperor's crown too heavy a burden. In 1556 he formally renounced all his possessions, giving up the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip, and the imperial dignity to his brother Ferdinand. He then retired as a simple gentleman to the Hierony- mite monastery of St. Yuste. Here he spent the two remaining years of his life, dividing his time between religious exercises and mechanical pursuits. He died September 21, 1558 and was buried in the famous monastery of the Escorial, about 30 miles from Madrid. Page 62. — I. 1542, this year marks the beginning of the fourth and last war against Francis I of France. It was concluded by the peace of Crespy 1544. Francis had been Charles' rival for the imperial dignity. 2. Monz6n, a small town in the province of Huesca in northern Spain. 3. Perpignan, capital of the Department des Pyrenees-Orientales. In 1542 it belonged to Spain. An unsuccessful attack upon it by Francis I led to the war mentioned above. 4. Emperatriz, cf. page 66, note 1. 5. Italia, this refers to the third war with Francis which was ended by the armistice of Nice (1536-8). 6. Argel, Algiers. The transposition of the liquid consonants ;-, /, or their substitution one for the other, is very common in Spanish; cf. peligro, milagro (Lat. periculum, miraciclum). — In 1 541 Charles undertook his second expedition against Algiers to punish the desperate pirate Barbarossa (cf. page 68, note 3). He effected a landing, but a storm destroyed the greater part of his ships. 7. Quid me persequeris? Why doest thou persecute me? cf. Acts IX, 1-9). Page 63. — 1. Todos los bronces . . . precisi6n, in his retire- ment Charles spent much time in constructing clocks which he attempted to make so perfect, that, when a number of them were in the same room, all should strike like a single one. 2. Compania, the Society of Jesus, perhaps the best organized and most influential of the religious orders of the Catholic Church. 108 NOTES [P. 03-63 It was founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1539. The Jesuits wear no distinctive dress. During the seventeenth century the Jesuit schools were the most efficient in Europe. 3. Loyola, St. Ignatius (1491 or 5-1 556), the founder of the Jesuits, began life as a courtier and soldier. In the first war between Charles V and Francis I (1521-5) he was seriously wounded. During his convalescence the reading of religious books turned his mind to spiritual matters. At the age of 33 he seriously began to study at the universities of Alcala, Salamanca and Paris. Upon the foundation of the Jesuit Order Ignatius was elected General. He also founded many charitable institutions and greatly exerted himself in behalf of a humane treatment of the Jews. He was canonized in 1622. 4. Yo fui ... mi vida, these words are quoted by Sandoval as historical. Page 64. — 1. Fernando V, cf. page 5, note 2. Page 65. — 1. duque, .before his conversion St. Francis had been duke of Gandia. 2. Haec habet et superat, the editor has spent considerable time trying to trace this quotation to its source. — Detached from its original context it is impossible to tell whether haec is feminine singular or neuter plural. Perhaps it is best to regard it as feminine and translate : She holds and conquers. 3. Rey de Francia, cf. page 5, note 9. 4. Pontifice de Roma, the pope here referred to is Clement VII (1523-34). After the success of Charles at Pavia (1525) the pope became alarmed over a possible invasion of Italy. Scarcely had Francis been released from captivity when Clement induced him to begin a second war against Charles (1527-9). On May 6,-1527 Rome was taken and sacked by the Imperial troops, the pope taken prisoner and confined for six months in the castle of Saint Angelo. 5. los hombres somos, cf. page 19, note 3. 6. D. Felipe, the only son of Charles V. He was king of Spain from 1556-98. Under him began the decline of the Spanish power. It was during his reign that the Netherlands began their struggle for independence (1568). The defeat of the famous P. 65-68] NOTES 109 Armada (1588) dealt the death-blow to Spanish supremacy over the sea. 7. Felipe es todo un hombre, Philip is quite a man (ironical). Page 66, — i. Infanta de Portugal; on March 12, 1526 Charles V married Isabella of Portugal, daughter of Emanuel the Great (1 495-1 521) and sister of the reigning King John III. On April 21, 1539 in Toledo the empress gave birth to a son who died the same day. In spite of the best medical attendance she declined steadily and died on May 1. 2. Sevilla, cf. page 19, note 6. 3. Las tres Gracias, the three Graces. Their names were Aglaia, Euphrosyne and Thalia. They presided over the dance and social enjoyments. In art the Graces are represented as dancing. 4. dieron CUerpO, heightened, intensified. Page 67. — el escultor de la fabula, the mythological Pygma- lion of Cyprus. Having made a beautiful statue of Venus, he became enamored of it to such an extent that he prayed the goddess to breathe life into it. His prayer was granted and Pygmalion married his own handiwork. Ovid, (Met. X, 9). 2. hallaba sin duda . . . memoria, Charles had been guilty of sinful love ; cf . page 74, notes 3 and 6. 3. rey de los astros, i. e. Indra, the chief god of Vedic mythology. Originally he was the god of lightning and thunder. Having vanquished the demons of drought and darkness he restored the sun to the sky, and since then was worshipped as the god of the firmament. Page 68. — i. asilo de los martires ; she died in 1545. He calls her a martyr because the marriage, contracted solely by command of the empress, had not been happy. 2. vos, cf. page 53, note 2. 3. Barbarroja, Khair-ed-Din Barbarossa, a famous pirate in the first half of the sixteenth century. He not only plundered merchant vessels, but even landed in various countries and carried off the Christians into slavery in his pirate state of Algiers. In 1535 Charles invaded Algiers and routed Barbarossa. Through this brilliant victory 22000 Christians were liberated. 4. Francia, this was during the fourth war against Francis I IIO NOTES [P. (5S-T0 (1542-4). Charles had already reached the outskirts of Paris when Francis offered peace. 5. virrey ; the composition of this word is vice (shortened to vi) -h rey. Initial r of simple words is doubled in composition to preserve the strong trill. Cf. arreglar = a H- reglar ; derrota = de + rota ; hazmerreir = haz -f- me -+- reir. 6. Cataluna, cf. page 33, note 2. 7. Santiago, full name Santiago de Compostella, an important city in the province of La Coruna, north-western Spain. It is named after the apostle St. James (Santiago), whose remains were found there in the ninth century. The exact location — so the story goes — was pointed out to bishop Theodomir by a star. Hence the surname campus stellae (field of the star), corrupted to Compostella. 8. esta fecha, in that year the empress died; cf. page 66, note 1. 9. Toledo, on the Tagus, capital of the province of Toledo. The archbishop bears the title Primate of all Spain. For centuries the city has been famous for its manufacture of arms. Page 69. — 1. Hurtado de Mendoza, (1503-75), a Spanish author and statesman, born at Granada. Under Charles V he held several important positions. As a poet he cultivated the form of the Italian sonnet. His power over language and finished style greatly contributed to the supremacy of Italian influence in the Spanish literature of that time. His most valuable work is the Guerra de Granada, a history of the Morisco rising in the Alpu- jarra and Ronda ranges (1568-71). 2. Tajo, the largest river of the Iberian peninsula: At its mouth is situated Lisbon. 3. The events of May 1 as told by Alarcon are not strictly in ac- cordance with the facts of history ; cf. page 66. note 1. Page 70. — 1. Granada, cf. page 13, note 1. Ferdinand and Isabella, the grandparents of Charles, were buried in Granada. 2. alto, no connection with alto (Lat. altus), "high"; it is purely Germanic, the English and German halt (stop). All the Romance languages have borrowed it, but dropped the h, except French (halte). 3. todo lo que, how very much. P. 72-74] NOTES I I I Page 72. — I. The passage in italics is literally transcribed from the above-mentioned work of Sandoval. Page 73. — i. Garcilaso, Garcilaso de la Vega (1503-36), a lyric poet highly esteemed for exquisite tenderness and subtle delicacy. He was a great admirer of Italian forms which he first introduced into Spanish poetry. The sum total of his works consists of but 37 sonnets and a few lyric pieces. In the expedi- tion against Barbarossa (1535) he fought side by side with his friend St. Francis Borgia. He was killed in the third war against Francis I. 2. This sentence is recorded as authentic by Sandoval. — The Cape of Good Hope was discovered in 1487 by the Portuguese Bartolomeu Dias and called by him: Cabo de Tormentos. John II, because he entertained the hope of discovering an all-sea route to India by rounding this cape, changed its name to what it is to-day. 3. comprometido con la Historia, judged or condemned by history. 4. Fernando, Felipe, cf. page 61, note 2. Page 74. — 1. monje de Yuste, Charles never took vows, but often participated in the religious exercises. 2. la muerte del rey, King John III of Portugal died in 1557. Under this king Portugal was at the height of her power, Brazil and extensive possessions in India being added to the Portuguese crown. John's sister Isabella having married Charles V, the two rulers were brothers-in-law. 3. Margarita, duchess of Parma (1522-86), a daughter of Charles by a Flemish lady, Margaruite van Gest. In 1559 her half-brother Philip II appointed her regent of the Netherlands. 4; Ondenarda, Oudenarde, a town on the Scheldt in Belgium. 5. Ratisbona, Regensburg, a city on the Danube in Bavaria. As the frequent residence of German emperors it was the scene of many diets. In 1663 it became the permanent seat of the Diet. 6. D. Juan de Austria, born to Charles by Barbara von Blom- berg in 1545. He was educated by his half-brother Philip II. John was a very efficient general. His greatest achievement is the brilliant victory over the Turks at Lepanto in 1571, when 12000 Christian slaves were set free. I 1 2 NOTES [P. 75-83 VII. FIN DE UNA NOVELA. Page 75. — i. Victor Hugo (1802-85), the greatest French writer of the nineteenth century, the leader of the romantic move- ment. Page 76. — 1. Lamartine (1 790-1 869), one of the leaders of the romantic movement in French literature, with whom begins the reaction against the cold artificiality of the eighteenth century poets. — The present motto is from the " Hymne du Soir" in Harmonies poetiques et religieuses, which first appeared in 1830: What does it matter in what words the soul vents its feelings before its creator? Is it a language equal to the ecstasy of viy heart? Page 7 7. — 1. Atilas, Attila (Etzel, Ethele) king of the Huns from A. D. 434-53. By the year 451 he had subjugated all the land from China to Gaul. Ruin and devastation marked his progress. All Christendom regarded him with superstitious awe, so that he was called " Scourge of God." Page 78. — 1. camino del templo, cf. page 15, note 2. 2. retirando, cf. page 20, note 4. 3. COmo, something like. 4. subi6, cf. page 40, note 1. 5. San Francisco de Paula (1416-1507), the founder of the Order of Minimites of which he was the first Superior. He was canon- ized in 1 519. Page 79. — 1. redondilla, a stanza consisting of four octosyl- labic lines riming: a, b, b, a. 2. la, refers to puerta. 3. huyendo, cf. page 20, note 4. Page 81. — 1. d£dalo, a word formed from the name Daedalus, the famous Athenian architect and sculptor, who built the Laby- rinth. Page 82. — 1. Virgen de los Dolores, cf. page 19, note 2. 2. subia, cf. page 2, note 5. Page 83. — 1. perdurable lampara, in Catholic churches a per- petual light is kept burning before the high altar; sometimes also before images of saints and before tombs. P. 83-86] NOTES 113 2. di6 la casualidad, chance would have it. Page 84. — i. enterarme de, cf. page 4, note 5. 2. el que, the fact that. 3. dij^ronme, cf. page 60, note 3. 4. alguacil, an inferior officer of justice who executes the orders of the judge. Page 85. — 1. la Salve, a well-known prayer to the Virgin, beginning: Salve, Regina, mater misericordiae. It has been as- cribed to various authors, but the probability now seems to point to Hermannus Contractus (died 1054). At any rate, the hymn was well-known by 11 00. It is a favorite prayer with Spanish and Italian fishermen when caught in a storm at sea. Page 86. — 1. puede privaros a los que, can deprive you who. VOCABULARY VOCABULARY A, at, by, on, to. abajo, below, down-stairs; para — , downward. abandonar, abandon, leave, give up, renounce. abandoco, m., abandonment, loneliness. abatido, downcast, dejected. abatimiento, m., dejection, de- pression, lowness, abasement. abdicar, abdicate, resign. abierto, open. abismo, m., abyss. abominar, abominate, hate, de- test, loathe. aborrecer, abhor. abrazar, embrace. abrazo, m., embrace. abrigar, shelter, protect, shield. abrigo, m. y shelter, protection. abrir, open. abrumar, overwhelm ; weight down. absolutamente, absolutely. absorto, absorbed, wrapped up {figuratively). abuelo, m. y grandfather; an- cestor. » abundante, abundant, plentiful. acabado, finished, completed; perfect. acabar, finish, complete, come to an end; — de referir, to have just told. acallar, silence; — se, become silent, subside. acampar, camp. acariciar, stroke, pet, fondle. acaso, adv., perhaps, by chance. acaso, m., accident, chance, for- tune. acatar, respect, reverence, es- teem. acceso, m. t access, attack. acci6n,/., action. acento, m., accent, tone. acerca, about, concerning, acercarse, approach, draw near. acero, m. t steel. acertado, well-established. acertar, succeed, happen; be correct. acompanar, accompany. acontecer, happen, take place. acordar, recollect, remember. acosar, pursue. acostumbrado, accustomed, cus- tomary. acre, acid, sharp, pungent. acritud, /., bitterness, harsh- ness. actitud,/., attitude, bearing. acto, m., act, action; act (of a play); en este — , at this moment. acudir, hasten to, come. acuerdo, m., accord, agreement ; en or de — , in tune ; agreed, unanimous. acusar, accuse, charge with. achacoso, ailing, sickly. Adan, m. t Adam. adaptar, adapt, fit. adelante, forward ; en — , hence- forth, from this point on {both of time and place ). "5 VOCABULARY ademas, besides, moreover. adherir, adhere, be attached. adiestrarse, behave, conduct oneself gallantly. adi6s, good-bye. adivinaci6n, /., divination, con- jecture. adivinar, divine, conjecture, guess. administrador, m., administra- tor; — de correos, post- master. admiraci6n,/., admiration. adolescencia, /., adolescence, growth. adolescente, m., youth, young man. adoraci6n,/"., adoration, worship. adorar, adore, worship. adornar, adorn, dress up. adquerir, acquire. adulterio, m., adultery. advertencia, /., preface, intro- ductory remark. advertir, inform, give notice; attend, pay attention. afable, affable, kind. afamado, famed, famous, cele- brated. afan, vi., trouble, worry, diffi- culty. afectado, affected. afecto, m., affection, attach- ment. afectuoso, affectionate, kind. aficionado, attached to, fond of. aflojarse, weaken, become loos- ened. afrancesado, gallicized, sympa- thizing with the French, kindly disposed toward the French. agarrar, seize, clutch. agitar, agitate, excite, stir up. agobiar, bend down. agonia,/., agony. agonizante, dying, lying in the agony of death. agonizar, be in the agony of death. agosto, m., August. agradable, agreeable, pleasant. agradablemente, agreeably, pleasantly. agradar, please. agreste, rural. agua, /., water; — llovediza, rain-water. aguijon, m., string. aguila,/., eagle. ah! ah! ahi, here. ahogar, drown; suffocate. ahora, now ; — mismo, at this very moment. ahorcar, hang (on the gallows). ahorrar, save, hoard ud. aire, w., air. aislar, isolate. ajeno, belonging to one's neigh- bor. ajustar, adjust, settle; dispose, straighten out. ala,/., wing. alargar, extend, hold out. alarido, m., shout. alarmar, alarm. albedrio, m., free will; judg- ment. alborozo, m., joy, gaiety. album, m. t album. alcalde, m., judge. alcance, m., reach, grasp. alcanzar, reach, attain. aldea,/., village. aldeano, belonging to the coun- try, rustic. alegre, joyful, merry, jolly, light-hearted, glad. alegremente, gladly, joyfully. alegria,/., gladness, joy. alejarse, go away, go to a dis- tance. algazara,/., confused noise. algo, something. alguacil, m., constable. VOCABULARY 117 alguno, some one. alimentar, nourish, feed. alimento, m., food, nourishment. aliviar, relieve, lighten. alma, /., soul; hijo de mi — , my dearly beloved son. alojado, m., lodger, boarder. alojamiento, m., lodging-place. alrededor, around ; a mi — , in my neighborhood ; around me. altaneria,/., haughtiness. altar, m., altar. alterar, change. alternativamente, alternately. alto, adj., high, tall; loud; el Altisimo, the Lord. alto, inter/., halt! stop!; hacer — , to halt, rest, stop. altura,/., height, elevation. alumbrado, m., light, lighting of streets. alumbrar, light, light up ; shine upon. alzar, raise, lift up. alia, there. alii, there; de — a poco, a little later, soon after. amante, m. t lover. amargo, bitter. amargura,/., bitterness. ^marillo, yellow. \mbici6n,/., ambition. ambos, both. ambulante, wandering. amenazar, threaten. amigo-a, m.f., friend; muy — de, very fond of. amistad,/., friendship. amo, m., master, owner. amontonar, heap up, gather; brew (of storms). amor, m., love, affection; pi., love-affairs; — propio, self- love. amoroso, amorous. amortiguar, deaden; moderate. amotinado, m. t rebel, insurrec- tionist. amparar, protect. amparo, m., protection, refuge. amplio, ample, wide. anacoreta, m., anchorite. analizar, analyze. anciano, old. ancho, wide, broad. andar, walk, go. anecdota,/., anecdote. aneurisma,/., aneurism, a tumor formed in an artery by the clotting of blood. anfitri6n, m., host. anguila,/., eel. angulo, 771., angle. angustia, /., pain, sorrow, an- guish. anima,/., soul; pi., the souls of the departed in purgatory. animado, animated, excited. animal, m. t animal, beast ; block- head. animo, m. t courage; thought, mind. anotar, note down, take note of. ansia,/., anxiety, eagerness. ante, before. antepasados, m., ancestors. anterior, anterior, preceding, foregoing, previous. anteriormente, previously, be- fore. antes, formerly, before; — bien, rather. antesala,/., anteroom. anticuado, antiquated, out of date. antiguo, ancient, old; former. antipoda, 771., antipode. antojarse, desire eagerly, envy ; se le antoja, the fancy seizes him. antorcha,/., torch. anunciar, announce, proclaim. anadir, add. ano, 771., year. apacible, peaceful, peaceable. apagado, extinct; dull (of eye a). n8 VOCABULARY apagar, quench, extinguish, put out. aparecer, appear; seem. aparentar, seem, look, appear. aparente, apparent, evident. aparici6n,/"., apparition. apariencia,/., appearance. apasionado, passionate, violent. apear, dismount. apelar, appeal to. apellido, m„ surname, family- name. apenas, scarcely, hardly, barely. apestar, infect, spread conta- gion. aplicar, apply. apogeo, m., apogee; climax, cul- mination. aposento, m.> room, chamber. apostar, place, fix. apoyar, lean against, support. aprehensor, m., captor. apresurar, hasten, hurry, accel- erate. apretar, press, squeeze; — el paso, accelerate one's step; apretado de carries, slender. aprovechar, make good use of, benefit, profit. apuntar, aim. apurar, empty, drain. apuro, m. t tight place, difficulty. aquel, aquella, aquello, that (adjectively). aquel, that (substantively) ; the former. aqui, here. arabe, Arabic, Arabian. aragones, Aragonese. arbol, m., tree. arco, m. t bow; — iris, rainbow. arder, burn. aristocratico, aristocratic, dis- tinguished. arma, /., weapon. armar, arm ; — caballero, knight. arnes, m., harness. arp6n, m. t harpoon, spear. arraigado, deep-rooted. arrancar, tear away, tear up, draw forth; withdraw hastily. arrastrar, carry away, sweep away; — se, drag, roll; hu- miliate. arrebatar, snatch aw T ay. arreglar, regulate, arrange. arrellanar, lean back, recline. arrepentirse, repent, regret. arriba, on top, above; upward; para — , upward. arroba,/., a weight of 25 pounds, arrodillarse, kneel down. arrojar, throw, cast out. arruga,/., wrinkle. arrugar, wrinkle; — la frente, frown. artificio, pi., artifice, device. artista, m., artist. asalto, m. t assault, storm. ascendiente, m., ancestor. ascetico, ascetic. asegurar, assure. aserrar, saw through. asssinato, m., murder, assassi- nation. asesino, pi., assassin, murderer, asfaltico, made of asphalt; el mar — , the Dead Sea. asfixiar, asphyxiate. asi, thus, in this manner. asilo, m. t asylum. asir, seize, grasp. asistente, assistant; servant of a military officer. asistir, assist, be present. asomar, show, exhibit. asombrado, greatly astonished. asombro, m., surprise. asombroso, astonishing. aspecto, m. t aspect, appearance. aspirar, aspire to, breathe. astro, m., star. asunto, m, % subject, subject-mat- ter. asustar, frighten, scare. atar, tie. VOCABULARY II 9 atald, m., coffin, bier. atenci6n,/., attention. atender, pay attention, look closely. aterido, benumbed, paralyzed. aterrado, thoroughly frightened. at6nito, astonished, surprised. atracci6n,/., attraction. atras, backward, behind. atravesar, cross. atrever, dare. atrevido, bold, daring. atribuir, attribute, assign. atronador, thundering, thun- derous. atronar, make a noise like thunder. atropellar, cast down, tread un- der foot. augusto, august, grand, solemn. aumentar, augment, increase, aun, even, still, yet; although; nevertheless. Whenever it is emphatic or follows the verb the diphthong is resolved into aun. ausencia,/"., absence. ausente, absent. austero, austere, severe. aut6mata, m., automaton. autor, m., author. auxiliar, help, assist. avanzar, advance, come for- ward. ave,/., bird. aventurar, venture, dare. avergonzado, ashamed. averiguar, establish, verify. aversi6n,/., aversion. aviso, m., advice, warning. ay! alas! ayer, yesterday. ayuda,/"., help, assistance. ayudar, help, assist. ayunar, fast. ayuno, #z., fasting. azotar, whip, lash, strike. azote, m., scourge. B Baile, m., ball. bajar, lower, cast down; go down, descend; lead down. bajo, under. bala,/., bullet. balaustrada,/., balustrade. balbucear, stutter, stammer. balsamico, balmy. balsamo, m., balsam, balm. bambolear, stumble, totter. bandido, m., bandit. bando, m., edict, public declara- tion. bandolero, m., brigand, bandit. barba,/., beard; chin. barbaro, m., barbarian. Barbarroja, Barbarossa. bar6n, m.> baron. barranco, m., ditch. barro, m., clay, dirt, mud. basquina,/., petticoat, skirt. basta, enough. bastante, enough, sufficiently. bastardo, m. t bastard. batalla,/., battle. batallador, m., warrior, fighter. batir, beat, strike; -se, fight. beber, drink. belleza,/., beauty. bello, beautiful. bendecir, bless. bendici6n,/., blessing, benedic- tion. besar, kiss. beso, m., kiss. bien, well; antes — , rather; no — , no sooner. bien, m., good, benefit. bienhechor, m., benefactor, bigote,/., mustache. bizarria,/"., courage, bravery. blanca,/*., a small copper coin worth i of a cent. bianco, white. blandir, nourish. blanquear, turn white. 120 VOCABULARY blasfemar, blaspheme. boca, /., mouth; de — , face downward. boj, m., box-wood, bolsillo, m., pocket-book. bonito, pretty. borrar, erase, blot out. borrico, m., little mule; also as a term of endearment. bote, ;?z., an apothecary's vessel of delft ware. botella,/., bottle, botica,/"., pharmacy, drug-store. boticario, m., apothecary. bravo, brave, courageous. brazo, m., arm. brenal, m. t uncultivated land overgrown with underbrush, breve, brief, short, brida,/., bridle, brillar, shine brightly, glitter, glisten. brillo, m., brightness, splendor. brindar, drink one's health. brindis,/., toast, act of drinking one's health, brisa,/"., breeze, wind. bronce, m., bronze; a clock that strikes. bruma,/., fog, mist. buenaventura,/., fortune. bueno, good, brave; como — , like a hero ; estar — , be well, in good health. bullir, boil ; frisk, f gambol, buque, m., ship, vessel. burdo, coarse, burla,/"., joke, mockery, burlarse, mock. burro, m. y ass, donkey, busca,/., search. buscar, seek, look for. Caballero, m., gentleman ; knight; in direct address : sir. slightly more formal than senor. caballerizo, m., supervisor of tne royal stables. cabana,/., hut. cabello, m., hair. caber, be contained; no cabe duda, there can be no doubt. cabeza, /., head ; end ; por — , per capita. cabo, m., end; cape; captain, chief; al — , finally. cacarear, cackle. cada, each, every; — cual, every one. cadaver, m. y dead body, corpse. cadena, /., chain; series, suc- cession. cadera,/., hip. caduco, perishable, transitory. caer, fall; -se, fall out. cafe, m. y coffee. caida, /., fall; — de la tarde, nightfall ; — de ojos, casting down of the eyes. calavera,/., death-skull. calcular, calculate, guess. calentura,/., fever. calor, ?n., heat. calva,/., bald part of the head. calvo, bald. callar, be silent; i??tper. calla as interj : hold on ! calle,/., street. callo, m. t callosity, callous for- mation in the hands. camarada, m., comrade. cambalache, /»., dealing in second-hand goods. cambiar, change. cambio, m., change, exchange; en — , instead, on the other hand. camino, road ; — real, highway. campamento, m. t camping- ground, camp. campana,/., bell. campanada,/., stroke of a bell. VOCABULARY 121 campana,/., campaign. campar, camp ; — por su respe- to, have one's own way, do as one pleases. campe6n, m., champion. campestre, rural, situated in the country. campo, m., field; country (as opposed to the city). canalla,/., rabble, populace. canci6n,/., song. candela,/., candle. cano, grey; white. canonizar, canonize. cansancio, m., fatigue, lassitude. cansar, be tired, weary. cantar, sing. cante, m. t (slang) ; dar el — , squeal, peach. cantera,/., quarry. cantidad, /., quantity ; //., fig- ures. canto, m., song. canon, m., cannon ; barrel (of a gun). capelo, m., cardinal's hat. capilla,/., chapel. capital,/., capital, chief city. capitan, m., captain. capitania,/., captaincy ; — gene- ral, position or building of the captaincy-general. capote, m., cloak. capricho, m., caprice, whim. capucha,/., hood. cara, /., face, countenance. carabina,/., carbine, gun. Caracter, ?n., (generally loses graphic accent in pi.), char- acter, disposition; letter (of alphabet). carb6n, m., charcoal, coal. carcajada, /., burst of laughter. carcel,/., prison, jail. cardenalicio, pertaining to a cardinal. carencia, /., want, lack; ab- sence. caricia,/., caress. caridad,/., charity. carino, m., affection. carinoso, affectionate. carne,/., meat, flesh; apretado de carnes, slender. carta,/., letter. cartel, m. t placard. casa, /., house; family, house- hold; — de huespedes or de pupilos, boarding-house; en — , at home. casarse, marry. cascada,/., cascade, waterfall. casi, almost. caso, m. f case, situation, event, accident; hacer — , mind; hacer — de, take notice of, pay attention to. castidad,/., chastity. castigar, chastise, punish. Castillo, m., castle. casualidad, /., chance, accident. Catalina, Catharine. catedral,/., cathedral. cat61ico, catholic. catorce, fourteen. causa,/., cause. causar, cause, produce. cautelosamente, cautiously, carefully. caverna,/., cavern, hollow. cavilar, think intently. ceder, yield, make room. celda,/., a monk's cell. celebrar, praise, extol. celebre, famous, celebrated. celestial, celestial, heavenly. celo, 7/1., zeal; pi., jealousy. celoso, jealous. cenagoso, muddy, miry. cenar, sup, take supper. centinela,/., sentinel. centro, m., center, middle. capillar, brush. [time). cerca, near (of place) ; about (of cercania, /., nearness, neigh- borhood. VOCABULARY cercano, near, close to. cerrar, close, shut. cesar, cease, end. ciegamente, blindly. ciego, blind; a ciegas, blindly, aimlessly. cielo, ;/z., sky, heaven, ciento, hundred. cierto, a certain, ciervo, m., stag, cigarro, m., cigar, cigarette, cinamomo, m., cinnamon-tree. cincel, m., chisel. cinco, five. cincuenta, fifty, cintura,/., waist. cipres, m., cypress-tree. circuncidar, cut down, suppress. circunstancia,/., circumstance; pi., condition, circunvecino, surrounding, neighboring. cirio, m., candle, wax-taper. cita,/., quotation, reference. civil, civil. civilizacion,/., civilization, civilizado, civilized. clamor, m., clamor, shouting. claridad,/., light. claro, clear, evident, plain, clase,/., class, category, claustro, m., cloister; gallery surrounding an open yard, clavar, nail fast, fix. clerigo, m. t clergyman, priest. cobijar, cover, shelter, cobrar, receive. cobre, m. t copper, codiciar, desire eagerly, long for. COdo, m. y elbow, codorniz,/., quail. coger, take, seize, catch. COgida,/., haul, catch, colegio, m., college; salir de — , graduate. c6lera,/., anger, colgadura,/., hanging. COlgar, hang up, suspend. colmar, overwhelm, fill to the brim. COlocaci6n, /., placing; seating arrangement. color, m., color, coloring. Colorado, colored; red. columna,/., column. - comandante, ?/z., commander. comarca, /., neighboring coun- try, vicinity. combate, m., combat, battle. combatir, fight. comedor, m., dining-room. comensal, m., guest, table- companion. comenzar, commence, begin. comer, eat; dine. cometer, commit. comida,/., dinner. comisionar, commission. como, as, like, as if; since, be- cause, in as much as; — no, unless, except; tan . . . — , so . . . as ; tanto . . . — , as much ... as. c6mo, how? compadre, m., godfather; in direct address fa?niliarly\ old boy, old man. compana,y., company. companera, /"., female compan- ion. companero, m., companion. compania,/., company. compasion,/., compassion, pity. compatriota, ;/z., compatriot. completamente, completely, absolutely, entirely. completar, complete. completo, complete, absolute, utter. complicidad,/., complicity. componer, compose, put to- gether; — se, dress. composici6n,/., composition. comprar, buy. comprender, understand ; — mal, misunderstand. VOCABULARY 123 comprometer, compromise, ex- pose; condemn. comun, common, ordinary, usual. comunidad,/., community; the whole assembly of persons belonging to the same relig- ious order. con, with. concebir, conceive, imagine. conciencia,/., conscience. COncluir, conclude, finish, com- plete; — se, be out of (of commodities). concupiscencia, /., greed, eager desire. conde, w., count. condenaci6n,/., damnation. condici6n, /., condition, state, rank. conducir, lead. conducta,/., conduct, behavior. C0nfesi6n,/., confession. confiar, entrust. configuracion, /., formation, form. conformaci6n, /., formation; vicio de — , defect of form, malformation. COnforme, conformable, accord- ing to. confundir, confound. conmigo, with me. conmiseraci6n, /., commisera- tion, pity. conocer, know, be acquainted with. conocimiento, w., conscious- ness, knowledge, recognition. conque, (also con que), so then, therefore. consagrar, consecrate. consecuencia,/., consequence. conseguir, succeed; obtain, at- tain. conservar, preserve, keep, hold. considerable, considerable. considerar, consider, think. consigo, with himself, herself, itself, themselves. consiguiente ; por — , conse- quently. consistir, consist; impers., the reason is, was etc. consolar, console, comfort. constituir, constitute. COnsuelo, ?n., consolation. consumar, consummate, com- plete. consumir, consume, waste away. consuncitfn, f, consumption, weakness, failing; conclusion, end. contar, count, reckon; relate, tell; — con, take into con- sideration; — cuarenta anos, be forty years old. contemplaci6n, /., contempla- tion. contemplar, contemplate. contener, contain ; restrain. contentarse, be satisfied. contento, content, satisfied. contestaci6n,/., reply, answer. contestar, reply, answer. continuar, continue, proceed, go on. contra, against ; — el suelo, on the ground. contrario, contrary, opposite; hostile. contrasentido, m., misunder- standing; perverseness. contrito, contrite, repentant. conturbar, disturb, trouble. convencer, convince. convenio, m., contract, agree- ment. convenir, agree. convento, m., convent. conversaci6n,/., conversation. convertir, convert, change, trans- form. convidado, m., guest. convulsion, /., convulsion, cramps. 124 VOCABULARY convulsivamente, convulsively. copa,/., cup. COpO, m., fishing-net. coqueta,/., flirt, coquette. coquetear, flirt, play the co- quette. coraz6n, m., heart. COro, m., choir; choir-loft, corona,/., crown, coronar, crown, coronel, m., colonel, correcto, correct, good, corredor, m., corridor, hall, correo, m., mail, post, correr, run; — la francachela, indulge in gluttony. corriente, in order, according to rule, settled; as exclam.: all right, very well, corriente,/., current. corroer, corrode, gnaw. corromper, corrupt. corrupci6n, /, corruption. corte, m. 9 cut; de — cuadrado, square cut. corte,/, court. corto, short; precio — , low price. COsa,/, thing, object; cause. costa,/, cost, expense; a — de, through, by means of. costado, m., side, costar, cost. costumbre, /, custom, habit; de — , customary, usual. creaci6n,/., creation, crecer, grow, increase. creMito, m., credit. creer, believe, think; imagine, fancy, creyente, m. 9 believer. criado, m., servant. criar, create; educate, bring up. criatura,/, creature, criminal, m. t criminal, crispar, stiffen. cristiano, m. 9 Christian, critico, critical. cronista, m. t chronicler. crucifijo, m., crucifix. cruel, cruel. crujia,/, hallway, passage-way. crujido, m. t crackling, crunching, creaking. crujir, creak, cruz,/, cross; sorrow, cruzar, cross; interline. cuadrado, square. cuadro, m., picture; — al 61eo, oil-painting. cual, (rel. pron.), who, which, what; — ... — , some . . . another. [what ? CUal, (interr. pron) who? which? cualquiera, whosoever, any one. cuan, how? (of degree). cuando, when. cuando, when? cuanto, indef. pron., how much ; tanto . . . — , as much ... as (tanto may also be omitted) ; en — a, concerning, as to, regard- ing, cuanto, interr. pron., how much ? cuarenta, forty. cuarto, m., a small copper coin worth less than one cent. CUartO, num., fourth, quarter ; hacer cuartos, quarter, cut into four pieces. cuatrocientos, four-hundred. cubierto, p. p. cubrir. cubrir, cover, cuenca,/, hollow, cuenta, /., account, bill; darse — , acknowledge, admit ; tener en — , keep in mind, take into account, cuento, ;;/., story, tale, cuerda, /., cord; dar — a un reloj, wind a clock. cuerpo, m., body ; corps, cuesta, /., side; slope, hillside; a cuestas, on the shoulder, cueva,/, cave. cuidado, m. t care; as exclam.: take care! look out! VOCABULARY I2 5 cuidar, care for, take care of, tend, culebra,/., snake. culpa,/., fault, guilt. CUltO, m., cult, worship. cumbre,/., summit, top. cumplir, fulfill, cuna,/., cradle; home, cundir, spread, be reported. cupula,/., cupola. curiosidad,/, curiosity. curioso, curious, strange. curtir, tan. custodia,/, care. cuyo, whose, of which. CH Champagne, m., champagne. charco, m., pool. charlar, chat, chatter. chico, small, little. chiste, m., pleasantry, witticism. chocar, strike against; offend; touch glasses. choza,/., hut. Dama, /., lady. dar, give; — a conocer, reveal; — con alguno, meet some one, come upon; — se cuenta, acknowledge, admit ; — cuerda a un reloj, wind a clock; — ejemplo, set an ex- ample; — en, strike, hit; — gritos, shout; — las doce, strike twelve ; — parte a, in- form; — un paso, take a step; — un sospiro, heave a sigh ; lo mismo me da, it is all the same to me; una puerta da a, a door leads to; dado que, supposing that, even if, provided that. de, of, from ; about, concerning ; by {authorship) ; mas — {fol- lowed by a definite numeral), more than. deber, owe; must, ought, be obliged. debil, weak. decidido, decided, marked. decidir, decide, determine. decir, say, speak, tell. declarar, declare. decrepito, decrepit, rickety. dedalo, m., maze, labyrinth. dedicar, dedicate. dedo, m. y finger. deducir, deduce, guess, infer. defender, defend, protect. defensa,/, defence. degollar, decapitate, behead. dejar, leave, let, cease; allow, permit; — de, {followed by an infin.) fail. delantal, m., apron. delante, in front, before. deleitar, delight. delicado, delicate, tender. delicioso, delicious, delightful. delito, m., crime. demacrado, emaciated, thin. demas, besides, moreover; por lo — , besides ; used also as a noun or adjective-, los — , the rest of the people, las — vir- tudes, the rest of the virtues. demasiado, too, too much. demerito, m., demerit, short- coming. demonio, m., demon, devil. demostrar, show, make signs. demudado, changed, frightened. denso, dense, thick, heavy. dentro, within. derecho, m., right. derramar, scatter, cast ; dispense. derribar, break down, destroy. derruir, destroy, demolish. desacertado, ill-spent. desaforado, excessive, unbridled. 126 VOCABULARY desalentado, breathless, out of breath. desamado, unloved. desaparecer, disappear, vanish, desazonado, ill at ease. desbordar, overflow. descaminar, lose one's way, be on the wrong track, descansar, rest, repose, descanso, m., rest. descargar, discharge, fire. descarnado, fleshless, emaciated, descendiente, m., descendant. descendimiento, m.> descent; act of taking down, descenso, m. y descent, decline; — de los dias, the passing days. descolgar, unhook, take down; — se, slide down, desconfiado, suspicious, distrust- ful. desconfiar, distrust. desconocer, be ignorant of. desconocido, unknown.' desconsuelo, m. y sorrow; con — , disconsolately. descubrir, discover, uncover, reveal. « descuido, m. y carelessness, neg- ligence. desde, since (of time) ; from (of place)) — luegO, right then, on the spot, immediately. desdentado, toothless. desdicha, /., misfortune, dis- aster. desear, desire, wish, long for. desechar, put aside, cast out. desembocar, discharge, empty ; come out. desencajar, dislocate, disjoint. desencanto, m., disillusionment. desenfado, m. f freedom, easy air. desengano, m. f awakening from an illusion. dssenlace, m., solution, outcome. d2S8nojar, appease, placate. deseo, m. f desire. deseoso, desirous. desesperacion, /., despair. desfallecer, faint; die. desgracia,/., misfortune. desgraciado, unfortunate. deshabitado, uninhabited. deshacer, undo, spoil, ruin. deshecho, p. p. deshacer. deshonrar, dishonor, put to shame. desierto, deserted. designar, designate, mention. desmantelado, abandoned, in bad condition. desmayar, faint ; extinguish ; die away. desmejoramiento, m. y deteriora- tion. desmoronar, undermine, tumble down. desnaturalizar, denaturalize, render unnatural. despacio, slowly. despachar, dispatch, finish, dis- pose of. despacho, w., study; private office. desparpajo, m., easy air, freedom. despavorido, thoroughly frigh- tened, terrified. despedir, discharge, give out; — se, take leave. despegar, distinguish, single out. despenar, precipitate, hurl down. despertar, awaken, arouse. desplegar, unfold, unroll. desplomarse, fall down. despojar, despoil; — se, remove oneself, withdraw. despreciable, despicable, worth- less. desprecio, m. y contempt. despreocupar, free from preju- dice. desprop6sito, m., absurdity ; im- pertinence. VOCABULARY 127 despues, afterwards, later; after. destartalado, in poor condition, in disorder. destello, /»., flickering, twink- ling. desterrar, banish, exile. destino, 171., destiny, fate. destrozar, destroy, tear, lacerate. desvanecer, vanish, disappear; • make proud, presumptious. desventura, /., misfortune. desviar, turn away. detener, detain, stop. detuvo, pret. detener. deuda,/., debt; debit. deudo, m., relative. devastador, devastating, de- structive. devocion, /., devotion ; objetos de — , religious articles. devolver, give back, return, give up. devorar, devour. di, imper. decir. dia, m., day; de — , by day, during the day. diablo, m., devil; que — , what the deuce! dibujo, m., sketch, outline. dictar, dictate. dicterio, m. y insult. dicha,/., happiness. dicho, p. p. decir ; mejor — , rather, more correctly, to be more precise. dichoso, happy. diente, m., tooth. dieta,/., diet {Reichstag). diez, ten; las — , ten o'clock. diferente, different. dificultad,/., difficulty. difunto, dead, departed, de- funct. dignamente, worthily. digno, worthy. dijs, pret. decir. dilatar, dilate, expand. dinero, m,, money. Dios, m., God. direcci6n,/., direction. dirigir, direct, address; — se, turn toward. discipulo, m., disciple, pupil. discolo, untractable, difficult to live with. discurrir, discourse; elaborate- guess at. discutir, discuss, argue. disfrutar, enjoy, possess. disimular, hide, conceal. disipaci6n,/., dissipation. disipar, dissipate, scatter. dispersi6n, f., scattering; en — , scattered. disponer, dispose, incline. dispuesto,/./. disponer. distancia,/., distance. distante, distant. distinguido, distinguished. distinguir, distinguish, discover. distintivo, distinguishing, char- acteristic. distinto, distinct, different. dividir, divide. divino, divine, godlike. divino, m., soothsayer, prophet, divisar, discern in the distance. doble, double, twofold. doce, twelve. docena,/., dozen. d6cil, docile, obedient. doctrina,/., doctrine. dolor, m., pain, grief; los do- lores de Maria, the seven sorrows of Mary : via de — , way of the cross. doloroso, painful. dominar, dominate, rule, hold in subjection. don, m.y a title preceding Chris- tian names. donde, where. d6nde, where ? dondequiera, wheresover. dona,/., a title preceding Chris- tian names. 128 VOCABULARY dorado, gilt, gilded. dorar, gild. dos, two. doscientos, two hundred. drama, m., drama. duda, /., doubt; no cabe — , there can be no doubt. dudar, doubt, hesitate. dueno, m., master, owner, pro- prietor. dulce, sweet, pleasant. dulzura, /., sweetness, gentle- ness. duque, m., duke. durante, during. durar, last. dureza,/., hardness; harshness. duro, hard ; unbending, un- yielding. duro, m., a silver coin worth 20 reales or $1. E E, and. Always used instead of y when the next word begins with i, or hi. ebrio, intoxicated, drunk. eclesiastico, m, 9 ecclesiastic, clergyman, priest. eclipsar, eclipse, efface. eco, m., echo. econ6mico, economical, saving. echar, throw, cast, hurl; — corto, make short; — pie a tierra, dismount, alight. When followed by a and an infinitive, it always denotes the beginning of an action : — sea reir, begin to laugh. edad,/"., age. edecan, m., aide-de-camp, adju- tant. edificar, build. edificio, m., building. efecto, ???., effect, result; the approval by a higher court of the judgment of a court of lower instance; en — , in fact, in reality, indeed. efusion,/., effusion, warmth. ejecuci6n,/., execution. ejecutar, execute, carry out. ejemplo, m., example; dar — , set an example. ejercer, exercise, practice. ej6rcito, ;;?., army. el, la, lo, the. el, he. elasticidad,/., elasticity. elegante, elegant, refined. elevado, elevated, high, tall. elevar, elevate, raise; — se, rise. elocuente, eloquent. ellos, they. emanaci6n, f., emanation, ex- halation. embalsamado, embalmed, balmy. embargo, m., seizure; sin — , however, nevertheless. emborrachar, inebriate; — se, become drunk. emoci6n, /., emotion, excite- ment. empedernido, stony, made of stone; petrified. empenarse, take into one's head, insist upon. empeno, m, t insistence, emperador, m., emperor. emperatriz,/., empress. emperejilar, adorn, dress finely. empezar, commence, begin. emplear, employ, use; spend. emprendedor, enterprising. empresa,/., undertaking. empujar, push. empunada, /., hilt, handle. empunar, seize, grasp. en, in. enamorado, enamored, in love. enamorarse, fall in love. encanto, m. f charm. VOCABULARY encapotar, cover with a cloak ; cielo encapotado, overcast sky. encargar, charge. encargo, m., command, disposi- tion. encender, light, kindle. encerrar, enclose, shut up, lock up, confine. encierro, m. t confinement; place of confinement. encima, on top of, over, above. encina,/*., oak-tree. enclavar, fix, attach. encomendar, recommend. encontrar, meet, find. encorvar, curve, bend. endecha,/*., sad strain. endemoniado, devilish, accursed, possessed of the devil. enemigo, m. t enemy. energia,/., energy. enfermedad, /., illness, sick- ness. enfermo, ill, sick. enfrente, in front of, opposite. enfriarse, become cold, turn cold. enganar, cheat, deceive. enjaulado, caged. enjugar, wipe away. enlazar, connect, join. enmendar, correct. enorme, enormous. enristrar, get ready. enrojecer, blush, turn red. ensanchar, expand, widen. ensenar, teach, show. ensenorarse, become master of. entender, understand, know ; — se, be an expert. enteramente, entirely. enterarse, look into, inquire in- to, make oneself familiar with, enternecer, soften; sadden, entero, entire, complete. enterrar, inter, bury. entonar, intone. entonces, then, thereupon; por or en aquel — , at that time. entornado, half -op en, ajar. entrada,/., entrance. entranas,/., entrails; heart. entrar, enter. entre, between, among. entrecortar, interrupt. entrega, /., act of giving up, surrender. entregar, give into one's hands, hand over, give up. entretanto, meanwhile. entrevista, /., interview, meet- ing. entristecer, make sad. enturbiar, trouble; darken. entusiasmo, m. y enthusiasm. entusiasta, m., enthusiast. envejecer, age, grow old. envenenar, poison. enviar, send. envidiar, envy. envidioso, envious. envolver, surround. epilepsis, /., epilepsy. epilgptico, epileptic. epilogo, jw., epilogue. epitafio, m., epitaph. equivocarse, be mistaken. erizar, provide with sharp points; bristle; cabellos eri- zados, hair standing on end. error, m., error, sin. esbelto, slight, straight. escalera,/., stairs ; — de escape, staircase to be used in case of emergency. escapar, escape, flee. escape, m., hasty flight; a todo — , with utmost haste. escena,/., scene. esclarecer, make bright. esclavo, m., slave. escolastico, m., scholastic. esconder, hide, conceal. escopeta,/., musket, gun. escribano, m., notary. 1 3° VOCABULARY escribir, write. escrito, p. p. escribir. escuchar, listen. escuela,/., school. escultor, m., sculptor. ese, -a, -o, that; a eso de las seis, about six o'clock. esencialmente, essentially. esfuerza, /., effort. espada,/., sword. espalda, /., shoulder-blade; de espaldas, on the back ; volver la — , turn one's back upon. espantado, frightened, terrified. espanto, m., fright, terror. espantoso, dreadful, awe-inspir- ing. Espana, Spain. espanol, Spanish. esparcir, scatter. especia,/., spice. especie,/., kind; race. espectaculo, m., spectacle, sight. espectador, m., spectator. espejo, m., mirror, looking-glass. esperanza,/., hope. esperar, hope, expect; wait for, await. espiga,/., sheaf. espina,/., thorn. espirante, expiring, dying. espiritu, m. s spirit. esplendoroso, spendid, glorious, full of splendor. esposa,/., wife. esposo, m., husband; pi., hus- band and wife. espuela,/., spur. esquilador, m., one who shears animals. establecer, establish. estacion,/"., station; season. estado, m. y state; estate; con- dition. estancia,/., room. estar, be {of transitory states); be situated. estatua,/., statue. estatura,/., stature, figure. este, -a, -0, this {adjectively) ; en esto, at this moment. dste, -a, this {substantively). estilo, m.y style. estimaci6n,/., esteem. estimar, esteem, honor. estirar, stretch out. estrechar, press, clasp, squeeze. estrella,/., star. estremecer, be horrified, shocked; shake. estr£pito, m., noise, uproar. estruendo, m., great noise. estudio, m. t study. estupefacto, stupefied, dumb- founded. estiipido, stupid; dumbfounded. estuve, pret estar. eterno, eternal. eunuco, m., eunuch. evitar, avoid. exacto, exact, correct. exagerar, exaggerate. exaltaci6n,/"., exaltation, excite- ment. exanime, without life; half- dead. exasperar, exasperate, incense. excelencia, f., excellence, excel- lency. excitaci6n,/., excitement, stimu- lation. excitar, excite, inveigle, arouse. exclamaci6n,/., exclamation. exclamar, exclaim. excmo. abbrev. for excelenti- simo, his excellency. excomulgado, m. % excommuni- cated person; outcast. excusar, excuse; excuso anadir, I may add. exhalar, exhale, give forth. existencia,/., existence. existir, exist, live. experimentar, experience, feel. expirar, expire, die. explanada,/., esplanade. VOCABULARY 1 3 l explicacion,/., explanation. explicar, explain. exponer, expose; explain, de- clare. expresion,/., expression. expresivo, expressive; respect- ful, amiable. expuse, pret. exponer. extatico, ecstatic. extender, extend, tender. extendido, stretched out, out- stretched. exterminar, exterminate. extranjero, m., stranger, for- eigner. extranar, find strange, wonder at. extrano, strange, foreign. extraordinario, extraordinary, unusual. extraviarse, lose one's way, extremo, extreme. Fabula,/., fable. fabuloso, fabulous. faccioso, m. y revolutionist. facistol, m. t large book-holder. facultad,/., faculty. fachada,/., front of a building, facade. falda,/., petticoat. falso, false, deceitful. falta, /., fault; want, lack, ab- sence; hacer — , need, be nec- essary; por — de, in default of, for lack of. f altar, be wanting; falta, it is necessary. faltriquera,/., pocket. fallecer, die. fama,/., fame. familia,/, family. famoso, famous. fantasia,/., phantasy, imagina- tion; dreaming. fantasma, m., phantom. fantastico, phantastic, imagi- nary. farmaceutico, m. t pharmacist, apothecary. farsa,/, farce. fastidiar, annoy, bore. fatal, fatal. fatalidad,/., fatality, fatiga,/., fatigue; pL, hardship. fatuo, weak, feeble; flattering. favor, m., favor. favorito, m., favorite. faz,/., face, countenance. fe, /"., faith : a — , in truth, in- deed. fealdad,/., ugliness. fecha, /., date; para esa — , within that time. fechoria,/., misdeed, crime. felicidad,/., happiness. felicitar, congratulate. Felipe, Philip feliz, happy. feo, ugly. feraz, fertil, fruitful. fetidez,/., rottenness, decompo- sition. feudal, feudal. feudatario, feudatory. fibra,/., fiber, fiel, faithful. fiera,/, wild beast, fiero, fierce, cruel. fiesta,/., feast. figle, ?n., ophicleide; voz de — , deep, hoarse voice. figura,/, figure. figurarse, figure, imagine. fijar, fix; — se, pay attention to. fijo, fixed. fila,/., rank. [tion. filiaci6n,/., genealogy ; descrip- filosofico, philosophical. filtrar, filter; — se, ooze, pene- trate. fimbria,/., hem. 1 3 2 VOCABULARY fin, m., end; a — de, in order to, for the purpose of; al — , finally, at length, at last; en — , in short. final, m. t finale, ending. finalmente, finally. fingir, pretend. firmar, sign. firme, firm, decided, fiscal, fiscal; promotor — , dis- trict-attorney, fisionomia, /"., face, expression, physiognomy. flaco, lean, thin, flamenco, Flemish, flanco, m., flank, side. flecha,/., arrow. flojo, soft; feeble, weak, flor,/., flower. fonda,/., hotel. [ground, fondo, m., bottom; back, b'ack- forastero, m., stranger. forma,/., form, formacion, /., formation; a la — , form ranks ! f ormalmente, clearly, positively. formar, form ; build. fortalecer, strengthen, fortaleza, /., strength, energy, firmness; fort, fortification, fortificar, fortify, forzar, force. forzosamente, of necessity, forzoso, compulsory. fosf6rico, phosphorescent, foso, m., ditch, fraile, «*., monk, frailuco, m. } friar, francachela, /"., gluttony, rev- elry; correr la — , indulge in gluttony. frances, French; Frenchman, frecuencia, /., frequency ; con — , often, f rente, /., forehead ; al — de, at the head of ; en — de, in front of, before; arrugar la — , frown. fresco, w., chill, coldness, frescura, /"., freshness; easy air, self-possession, friamente, coldly, frio, cold. frio, m., coldness; tener — , be cold {only of persons). frondoso, leafy, shady, fronterizo, situated in front. frutO, m., fruit; result, fue, pret. ser or ir. fuego, m. t fire. fuente, /., fountain. fuer, outside, out of doors; a — , besides {apocopated fori?i of th e following) . fuera, see preceding. fuerza,/,, force, strength; a — de, by means of, through; respirar con — , breathe heavily, fuga,/., flight. fugitivo, fugitive, fumar, smoke, funda,/., lining. fundador, m., founder, fundar, found, establish; build, f linebre, funereal, gloomy ; ora- cion — , funeral oration, furia,/., fury, madness, furor, m., fury, madness. Gallego, Galician. gallina,/"., hen, chicken, gana,/., inclination, desire, ganado, ;;/., herd, ganancia, /., gain, earning, profit, benefit, ganar, gain, earn, garbanzo, ;;/., pea. garganta,/., throat. ga.sa. f f., gauze, gastar, waste, squander, gemir, sigh, general, adj., general. VOCABULARY *33 general, m., general. genero,w., kind, species; — hu- mano, human race. genio, m., genius. gente,/., people. germanico, Germanic. giro, m., winding. gitanico, m., {dimin. gitano) gypsy. gitano, m., gypsy. gloria,/., glory. glorioso, glorious. gobernador, m., governor. gobierno, ?/z., government. golpecito, m., friendly slap. gordo, thick, fat, corpulent. gorra,/., cap. gorri6n, m., sparrow. gota,/., drop. gracia, /., grace; pL, thanks; gracias a, owing to, because ; las tres — , the three Graces. gracioso, graceful. [nada. granadino, coming from Gra- grande, great, serious. grandemente, liberally, freely. grandeza,/., greatness. gratitud,/., gratitude. grave, grave, serious. griego, m., Greek. gris, grey. gritar, shout, cry out. grito, m., shout, cry ; a grandes — , loudly; dar — , shout. grotesco, grotesque. grueso, thick, large, heavy. grunir, grumble, mutter. grupa,/., croup of a horse. grupo, m., group. guardar, keep ; — se, be care- ful, keep oneself from. guardia,/., guard. guardian, m., guardian, keeper. guarida,/., lair, hiding place. guerra,/., war. gusano, m., worm. gustar, enjoy. gusto, m. y taste; pleasure. H Haber, have {only as auxiliary) ; — de, must, ought {denoting probability) ; que ha de ser de, what is to become of; The 3 pers. sing, of all moods and teitses can be used imperson- ally hi the sense of : there is, there are, there was, etc. habitar, inhabit ; live, dwell. habito, m., habit, dress. habitual, habitual, usual, cus- tomary. habituarse, accustom oneself, become accustomed. hablar, speak. hacer, do, make, render ; — se, become ; — buen tiempo, be fine weather; — falta, be necessary ; — guerra, wage war ; — mal, do wrong, hace un mes, a month ago. hacia, towards. hacienda, /., estate ; ministro de — , minister of finance. haga, pres. subj. hacer. halagar, flatter. hallar, find; — se, happen to be, be. hambre, /., hunger; tener — , be hungry. haraposo, ragged. hasta, as far as, until ; even ; — quince voces, as many as fif- teen voices. hastio, m. y disgust, surfeit. hay, there is, there are. See haber. h6, lo, behold ! hechizo, m. f charm. hecho, m.y deed. hecho, p. p. hacer. hediondo, infected. helar, freeze. heredero, m., heir. herida, /., wound. herir, wound, strike. J 34 VOCABULARY hermana,/., sister. hermano, m. t brother; also as a title applied to monks. hermoso, beautiful. hermosura,/., beauty. heroe, m., hero. hice, pret. hacer. hidalgo, in., nobleman. hielo,/., ice. hierba,/"., grass. hierro, in., iron. hija,/., daughter. hijo, in., son ; pi., children, hilo, m., thread. himno, in., hymn. hinchar, swell, protrude. historia,/., history ; story, tale. hogar, in., hearth ; dwelling place. hoja,/., leaf. hojear, turn leaves. hold, hallo. hombre, m., man. hombro, m., shoulder. hondo, deep, hollow. honra,/., honor. honrar, honor. hora,/., hour. horizontalmente, horizontally. horizonte, m., horizon. horrendo, horrible, dreadful, fearful, frightful. horrible, horrible, dreadful, aw- ful. horror, m., horror. Hotentote, m., Hottentot. hoy, to-day. hoyo, in., excavation, hole. hueco, m., hollow, cavity. huerfano, adj., orphaned. hu6rfano, m., orphan. huertecillo, m., little garden. huerto, m., garden. hueso, m., bone. hu6sped, m., guest, boarder; casa de hu£spedes, boarding- house. hueste, m. t host. huida,/., flight. huir, flee. humano, human. humedo, wet. moist, damp, humid, humildad,/., humility, humilde, humble. humildemente, humbly, humillar, humiliate. humo, m., smoke; anything worthless. humor, in., humor, disposition, character, mood, hundido, deep-set. hundir, sink. Iba, impf. ir. idea,/., idea. idear, conceive an idea. identificar, identify; associate. id61atra, m., idolater. idolatrar, idolize. iglesia,/., church. ignorancia,/., ignorance. ignorar, be ignorant of. igual, equal, like. ilegitimo, illegitimate. iluminar, illuminate; enlighten. ilusi6n,/., illusion, delusion. ilustrar, make famous. ilustre, illustrious, famous, re- nowned. imagen,/., image, idea. imaginaci6n, /., imagination, fancy. imbecil, imbecile, foolish. imitar, imitate. impaciencia,/., impatience. impacientarse, become impa- tient. impasible, impassible, un- moved. imperecedero, imperishable. imperial, imperial. impio, in., godless person, unbe- liever. VOCABULARY x 35 imponer, impose, put upon; command. importancia,/., importance, full meaning; significance. importante, important. importar, be of consequence, matter. imposible, impossible. impotencia,/., impotence, help- lessness. imprecaci6n, /., imprecation, curse. impreso, p. p., imprimir. imprimir, print. impropio, improper, unfit, un- becoming; unworthy. improvisar, improvise. impulsar, impel. inaccesible, inaccessible. inapreciable, priceless. inclinar, incline, bend, bow; hang down. incoherentemente, incoherently. incomodo, inconvenient. inconcuso, self-evident, incon- trovertible. inculto, uncultivated, uncul- tured. indecible, unspeakable. indecision,/"., indecision, irreso- lution. indefinible, indefinable. indeliberado, unpremeditated. independencia,/., independence. independiente, independent. indeterminado, in definite, vague. indicaci6n,/., description. indicar, indicate, denote. indiferencia,/., indifference. indiferente, indifferent. indiferentemente, indifferently, carelessly. indignado, insulted. Indio, m., Indian (native of In- dia). Indostan, m., Hindustan. indudable, doubtless, indubi- table, beyond doubt. indudablemente, undoubtedly, indulgencia, /«, indulgence, le- niency. inefable, ineffable, unspeakable. inerte, inert, incapable of mo- tion, inescrutable, inscrutable. inexplicable, inexplicable, inex- pressible. inextinguible, inextinguishable, unquenchable. infalibilidad,/., infallibility. infame, infamous, shameless. infanta,/., infanta. infantil, childlike, childish. infecto, infected, corrupted. infeliz, unhappy, unfortunate. inferior, m., inferior (in rank). infernal, infernal, hellish. infierno, w., hell. infinito, infinite, endless. informe, formless, shapeless; indistinct. infortunado, unfortunate. infundir, infuse, strike into. ingresar, go into, enter. injustificado, unjustified. inmediatamente, immediately. inmenso, immense, very great. inmortal, immortal, undying. inmortalidad,/., immortality. inmotivado, unmotivated, with- out cause. inm6vil, immovable, motionless. inmovilidad,/., immovability. inmundo, unclean. inolvidable, not to be forgotten. inquietud,/., restlessness. insensato, senseless, mad. insensiblemente, insensibly, un- consciously. insepulto, unburied. insoportable, insupportable, un- bearable. inspiraci6n, /., inspiration. inspirar, inspire. instalar, instal, quarter. instante, m., instant, moment. 136 VOCABULARY instinto, m., instinct. insultar, insult; swoon. insulto, ;//., insult; swoon. insuperable, insuperable. intacto, intact, untouched. inteligencia,/., intelligence, un- derstanding. intemperie, /., inclemency (of weather). intenso, intense, violent. intentar, intend, purpose. intentona, f., insurrection, bold attempt. interns, m., interest. interior, m., interior; en mi — , in my heart, to myself. interminable, interminable, end- less, ceaseless. [tween. interponer, interpose, place be- interrogar, ask. interrumpir, interrupt, disturb. intimo, intimate; detailed. inundar, inundate, flood; rush into. inutil, useless. inutilmente, in vain. invadir, invade. invasor, invader. inventar, invent. investigaci6n, /., investigation, consideration. invierno, m., winter. ir, go ; — se, go away. ira,/., anger. iris, m., iris ; rainbow, mor? com- monly; arco — . ir6nicamente, ironically. irrealizable, unattainable. irrevocable, irrevocable. isla,/., island. item, moreover, besides. izquierdo, left. Jab6n, m., soap. Jaime, James. jamas, never; ever. jefe, m., chief, commander. Jeronimo, Jerome. jer6nimo, adj., Hieronymite. jesuita, m., Jesuit. Jesus, Jesus. As an exclam: mercy! goodness! good gra- cious. jota,/"., Jota (a national song). joven, young. Juan, John. jiibilo, m., rejoicing. juego, /»., play. juez, m., judge. juguet6n, frisky, playful. juicio, m., judgment, reasoning; a — de, in the opinion of; per- der — , become insane, lose one's mind. junco, m.y reed. junto, joined; pi., together; — a, beside, close to. jurar, take an oath, swear; curse. justicia,/., justice. justo, just. juventud,/., youth. juzgado, m., tribunal. juzgar, judge. Labio, m., lip. labor, m., labor; pi., hardships, labrador, m., farmer, ladera,/., slope, mountain-side. lado, m., side, ladrillo, m., brick, tile. Iadr6n, m., robber, lago, m., lake, lagrima,/., tear. Iagrim6n, m., large tear, laguna,/., lagoon, small lake. Iamentaci6n, /., lamentation, wailing, lamer, lick; wash {of large bodies of water). lampara,/., lamp. lanzar, hurl; — fuego, flash VOCABULARY J 37 fire; — una exclamaci6n, utter; — un grito, shout, shriek; — se, rush. largo, long, extended; a lo — , along, the length of. lastima,/., pity. latir, beat, palpitate. leal, legal ; loyal, faithful. Iecci6n,/., lesson. lecho, m., bed. leer, read. legar, bequeathe, leave as a legacy. legitimo, legitimate, regular. legua,/"., league, mile. lejano, distant. lejos, far, far away ; a lo — , in the distance. lentamente, slowly. lentitud,/., slowness. lento, slow. lena,/*., wood (for burning). Ie6n, m., lion. letargo, m., lethargy. letrado, educated. levadizo, capable of being raised ; puente — , draw-bridge. levantar, lift up, raise; — se, get up, rise. leve, light, slight. libertad,/., liberty. libra, f. f pound ; a liquid meas- ure, a little less than a pound. librar, liberate, free. libre, free. lid,/., struggle, battle. lienzo, m. y canvass. ligadura,/., ligature, rope. ligar, bind, tie. ligeramente, lightly, slightly. ligero, light, slight. limitado, limited. limite, m., boundary, bound?. limpio, clean. linajudo, of noble descent. lindo, pretty. linea,/., line. liquido, m., liquid. lista,/., list. literalmente, literally. literatura, /., literature. lo, neut. art., the. lo, pers. pron., him, it. (ace. of el,). locamente, madly. loco, foolish, silly ; crazy, insane, mad. locuaz, loquacious, talkative. locura, /., insanity, madness; pi., vagaries. lodo, m. t mud, dirt. lograr, attain, accomplish; suc- ceed. losa, /., flag-stone. liicido, bright, brilliant, shining; clear-sighted. luctuoso, plaintive, doleful. lucha, /., struggle, fight, battle. luegO, then, soon, immediately; later on, afterwards ; desde — , right then, at once, on the spot; — que, as soon as. lugar, m., place. liigubre, lugubrious, sad, gloomy. lujo, m., luxury, costliness. luna,/"., moon. luz,/., light; candle. LL Llaga,/., wound, scar. llamar, call; — se, be called, named. llanto, m., weeping, wailing, complaining; tears. llanura,/., plain. llegar, arrive, come; — a, suc- ceed. llenar, fill. lleno, full. , llevar, carry, transport, bring; — media hora, spend half an hour; — una vida, live a life. llorar, weep, mourn. i38 VOCABULARY lloroso, tearful, sad. llovedizo, pertaining to rain; agua — , rain-water, lluvia,/., rain. M Macareno, m., high-liver, bon vivant. maceta,/., flower-pot; bouquet, madera, /., wood; frame (of a window) ; shutter. madre,/., mother. madriguera, /., hole, retreat (of animals). madrileno, native of Madrid. maestre, m., grand master, maestro, m., master, magnifico, magnificent. majestad,/., majesty, majestuoso, majestic, majuelo, m., vine; vineyard. mal, m., evil, wrong, maldad,/., illness. maldito, accursed. malhechor, ?n. y evil-doer, crim- inal. malo, evil, bad, unlucky, malogrado, unfortunate; applied particularly to those who have died young. malla,/, mesh, mancebo, /«., young man ; clerk, mandar, send; order, -com mand ; £ que manda V? what is your pleasure ? mandibula,/., jaw. manera,/., manner, manga,/., sleeve; purse-net. maniatar, handcuff, manifestar, manifest, show; say. maniqueismo, tn., Manichaeism. manjar, w., delicacy, favorite dish, mano,/., hand. manto, m. cloak, garment, manzana,/., apple, manzanilla, /., a white wine made in Andalusia. manana, to-morrow; pasado — , the day after, etc. manana,/., morning. maquina, /., machine, engine. maquinalmente, mechanically. mar, m., and f, sea ; — asfal- tico. Dead Sea. maravedi, m., a small copper coin worth f of a cent. mara villa, /., wonder, maravillado, taken by surprise, marcar, mark. marco, m., frame, margin, marcha,/., march; en — , for- ward ! go your way ! marchar, march, go; — se, go away. marido, m., husband. marmol, «?., marble, marques, ;;z., marquis, martir, m., martyr, mas, co7ij. y but. mas, adv., more, most ; nadie — , no one else. masa,/., mass, heap, mascara,/., mask. matar, kill, murder. materialmente, materially, physically. matiz, w., shading. matrimonio, m., matrimony, wedding, marriage, mayo, ?n., May. mayor, m., irreg. comp., grande, greater ; older ; la — parte, the majority, mediante, by means of. medicina,/., medicine. m6dico, w., physician, medida, a — que, in proportion as. media noche, midnight, medio, half, middle. medio, m. t means, midst. VOCABULARY [ 39 mediodia, m. f midday; south. meditaci6n,/., meditation. meditar, meditate, ponder, con- sider. mejor, irreg. comp., bien, bet- ter ; — dicho, rather, to speak more accurately. mejorar, ameliorate, make bet- ter, improve. melancolia,/., melancholy. melanc61icamente, in a melan- choly manner. [tion. memoria, /., memory, recollec- memorial, m., petition. mencionar, mention. meneo, m. y movement, motion. menester, m., need, necessity ; es — , it is necessary. mengua,/., diminution, lessen- ing. menOS, trreg. comp. poco, less ; least ; except ; lo — or a lo — , at least. mentalmente, mentally. mentir, lie, tell falsehood. mentira,/., lie, deceit. merced,/., mercy; — a, thanks to, owing to ; SU — , your (his) lordship. merecer, deserve. merendar, lunch, take a light repast. meridional, southern. mento, m., merit. mes, m., month. mesa,/., table. Mesias, Messiah. mi, my. [afraid. miedo, m., fear ; tener — , be miembro, m. t limb. mientras, while, as long as. miguelete, m., miquelet. See page 23, note 2. mil, one thousand. milagro, m. } miracle, strange circumstance. militar, m., military man, sol- dier. miliar, m. t a quantity of one thousand units considered as a whole. mimar, pamper, spoil. ministro, m., minister; servant ; — de hacienda, minister of finance ; — del Senor, priest. minuto, m., minute. mio, mine. mira,/., glance, look. mirada,/., glance, look. mirar, look at ; gaze upon ; imper. mira as an exclatn : look here ! listen ; bien mi- rado, looked upon with favor. misa,/"., mass. misantropo, misanthropic. miserable, miserable, wretched. misi6n,/., mission. mismo, self, same, identical, very; lo — que, just as. misterio, m. f mystery. [cal. misterioso, mysterious, mysti- mistico, mystical. mitad,/., half. mocedad,/., youth. modelado, modelled, fashioned. moderno, modern. modo, ;;/., manner; de — que, so that. mohino, ;«., mule. molestia, /., trouble, difficulty, inconvenience. momento, m. f moment. momia,/., mummy. monasterio, m., monastery. monje, m., monk. mono, m. y monkey. monstruo, ?n., monster. montana, /., mountain-chain ; . mountain. montar, mount. mont6n, m. t heap; crowd. monumento, m. t monument. morada,/., dwelling-place. morador, m., inhabitant, tenant. moral, moral. morar, dwell. 140 VOCABULARY morder, bite. moreno, brown ; dark, moribundo, dying, expiring. morir, die; "jmuera F. ! down with F. moro, m. } Moor. mortal, mortal. mostrar, show ; — se, present oneself, motin, «., tumult, row. [son. motivo, in., motive, cause, rea- movedizo, moving, loose. mover, move, stir. mozo, 01., young man; waiter, muchacha,/., girl. muchacho, m., boy. [crowd, muchedumbre, /., multitude, muchisimo, super!., mucho, very much. muchb, much ; pi., many ; ique* — ? what wonder ? mudar, change, mudo, mute, dumb. mueble, m., piece of furniture. muerte,/., death. muerto, dead; despu6s de — , after being dead. muerto, p. p., morir. muestra, /., sample; dial-plate (of a clock). mujer,/., woman; wife, mula,/., mule. mundanal, worldly, mundano, worldly. mundo, m., world, munaca,/., wrist. murmurar, murmur. muro, m., wall, musgo, m., moss, musgoso, mossy, miisica,/., music. muy, very, quite. N Nacar, m., mother of pearl, nacer, be born. nacional, national. nada, /., nothing ; state of being nothing. nadie, nobody, no one ; — mas, no one else. naranja,/., orange, nativo, native, by nature, natural, adj., natural ; born, natural, m., native, naturaleza, /., nature ; intelli- gence, naturalidad, /., naturalness, freedom, naufrago, shipwrecked, nave,/., nave. [reth. nazareno, coming from Naza- necesitar, need ; must, be obliged, necio, foolish, stupid, negro, black ; dark. nervioso, nervous. nevado, snowy, covered with snow. ni, neither ; — ... — , neither . . . nor ; — uno, not a single one. nieto, 7ii., grandson, nieve,/., snow, ninguno, no, no one, none ; mas de — , more than any one. ninez,/., childhood. nino, ?n., child. no, not. noble, noble, nocturno, nocturnal, noche,/., night; de — , at night ; media — , midnight, nogal, i7t., walnut-tree, nombrar, name, mention, nombre, m. t name, nominal, nominal ; lista — , roster ; roll-call, norte, m. t north, nosotros, we. notar, notice, remark, noticia,/., notice, information ; news ; tener — de algo, to have heard of something. VOCABULARY 141 novela,/., novel, short story. novia, /., bride ; betrothed ; sweetheart. nube,/., cloud. mica,/., nape {of the neck). nuestro, our. nuevamente, newly, again, once more. nueve, nine. nuevo, new ; de — , again, nunca, never. nutrici6n,/., nourishment, food. 6, or ; — sea, or. obedecer, obey. Obispo, m., bishop. Objeto, m. t object, purpose; — de devoci6n, religious article. 0bligaci6n, /., obligation, duty. Obligar, oblige, compel. obra,/., work. obscurecer, become dark. Observar, observe, remark, watch. Obstante, no — , nevertheless. obtener, obtain. 0Casi6n, /., occasion, opportu- nity. ocaso, m. t west. oceano, ?n., ocean. 0C10, m., idleness. ocioso, idle, unoccupied. OCtava,/., a kind of verse con- sisting of eight lines. ocultar, hide, conceal. oculto, hidden, secret. ocupado, occupied, busy. ocupar, occupy, take up ; — se, occupy oneself, be busy. ocurrir, occur, happen, come to pass, take place ; me ocurre, it strikes me. ochavo, m. t eighth part ; hacer ochavos, cut into eight parts. ochenta, eighty. ocho, eight ; hace — dias, a week ago. ochocientos, eight-hundred. odiar, hate. odio, m., hatred. odioso, odious, hateful. oficial, m.j officer. oficio, m. t office, profession, trade; — de difuntos, office of the dead, requiem mass. ofrecer, offer, present ; 1 que" se te ofrece? what can I do for you? Oldo, m., ear {in the abstract), sense .of hearing. oir, hear, listen. ojeada,/., look of the eye. ojiva,/., pointed arch. 0J0, m., eye. Ola,/., wave. oleada,/., wave. 61eo, m., oil ; cuadro al — , oil painting. oleo, smell. olivar, m., olive-garden. olor, m. y odor, smell. olvidar, forget. olvido, m., forgetfulness, forget- ting. once, eleven. onda,/., wave. opio, m., opium. oportuno, opportune, proper, fit, convenient. opulento, rich. oraci6n,/., oration, speech;//., prayers. orden,/., order, command; re- ligious order ; a las — de, under the command of. orden, m., order, arrangement ; por — de, in the order of. ordenanza, /., regulation, stat- utes; orderly {military officer). orgullo, m., pride. oriente, m., orient, east ; birth, beginning. orilla,/., bank. I 4 2 VOCABULARY oro, m., gold, ortodoxo, orthodox. OS, dat. or ace. vosotros. oscuramente, obscurely. oscurecer, become dark. oscuridad, /., obscurity, dark- ness. oscuro, obscure, dark. ostentar, show, exhibit. otono, m., autumn, fall. Otro, another ; — dos, two more ; unos a — s, one another. Pablo, Paul. paciencia,/., patience. pacifico, peaceful, calm; Mar — , Pacific Ocean. pacto, m., compact, contract, agreement. padecer, suffer. padre, m., father; also as a title of priests. pagar, pay. pago, 7?i., pay, reward. pais, m., country, landscape. paisano, ?n., peasant. pajaro, m., bird. paje, 7n., page. palabra,/., word. palacio, m., palace. palidecer, turn pale. palido, pallid, pale. palO, m., pole, stick, walking- stick. pan, 77i., bread. panorama, m., panorama. papa, 77i., pope. papel, 7n., paper; role {of an actor); representar un — , play a role. papisa,/., female pope. par, 77i., pair, couple; al or a la — de, like; al or a la — que, together with; sin — , peer- less. para, for; for the purpose of, in order to. paradero, m., stopping place, whereabouts. paraiso, m., paradise. paraje, /»., place. parar, stop. parecer, appear, seem; — se, resemble. pared,/., wall. paria, /»., pariah, outcast. parir, bring forth, give birth to. parricidio, m., parricide. parte, /., part; dar — a, in- form. particular, particular, special. particularmente, particularly, specially. partida, /., division; play, game; the departing this life; — de sepelio, burial cere- mony. partir, divide, break ; depart. pasajero, m., passenger, passer- by; traveller. pasar, intrans., walk, go, go by; take place, happen; trans. pass, cross ; spend (time); — se, pass over, desert ; happen, take place. pasearse, promenade, take a walk. paseo, m., promenade, walk. pasi6n,_/"., passion. paso, 77i., step. pastor, 7n., shepherd, herdsman. patillas,/., whiskers. patio, 77i., courtyard. patria,/., native country. patrio, belonging to one's native country, native. patriota, m., patriot. patri6tico, patriotic. patriotismo, 7n., patriotism. patrona, f., keeper of a board- ing-house for soldiers. patrono, m., patron; patron- saint. VOCABULARY [ 43 pausa,/., pause, rest. pavimento, m., pavement. pavor, m., fear, awe. pavoroso, awe-inspiring, fearful, dreadful. paz,/., peace; a la — de Dios, good-bye. pecado, m. t sin. pecador, ;;z., sinner. peculiar, peculiar, characteris- tic. pechazo, m., bust. pecho, m., breast; heart. pedazo, m. t piece; hacer — , smash. pedir, ask, demand, request. peinar, comb. pelado, hairy ; having a tuft of hair. pelea,/., struggle, fight, battle. pelear, struggle, fight. peligro, m., danger. pelo, m., skin ; burro en — , ass without a saddle. pena,/., pain. pender, hang, be suspended. penetrar, penetrate, enter, step in; penetrado de, convinced of. penitencia,/., penance. penitente, penitent, repentant. penoso, painful, difficult, des- perate. pensamiento, *»., thought. pensar, think. peSasco, rw., rock. penon, m., large rock. peor, comp. of malo, worse. pequeno, small. pequenito, small, dainty. percibir, perceive, notice. perder, lose ; — a, destroy, ruin. perdida,/., loss. perdidamente, utterly ; head over heels. perd6n, m. t pardon, forgiveness. perdonar, pardon, forgive ; — la vida a alguno, spare one's life. perdurable, everlasting, per- petual. peregrino, adj., strange, pecu- liar. peregrino, m., pilgrim, wan- derer. perezoso, lazy. perfectamente, perfectly. perfil, m. t profile, outline; trait. periodo, m., period. perla,/., pearl. permanecer, remain. permiso, m., permission. permitir, permit, allow. pero, but. perro, m., dog. perseguir, persecute, track, pursue, hunt for. persona,/., person. personaje, m. t personage. personal, personal. personalmente, personally. pertenecer, pertain, belong to. pesadilla,/., nightmare. pesado, heavy. p£same, m., message of con- dolence. pesantez,/., heaviness, weight. pesar, m., regret, trouble; a — de, in spite of. pesar, weigh, press down. pesca,/., fishing. pescador, m., fisherman. pescadora, /., fisherwoman ; fisherman's wife. pescar, fish. pescuezo, m. t neck. peso, m. f weight. petulancia, /., impudence; vi- vacity. piadoso, pious, reverent, devout. piar, chirp. picar, sting. picardia,/., trickery, cunning. picaro, crafty, cunning; rogu- ish. pico, m.j summit, top. pie, m. t foot; de — , on foot; i 4 4 VOCABULARY volver pies atras, retrace one's steps, piedad,/., piety ; pity, piedra,/., stone. piel, m., skin, pierna,/., leg. pila, f., basin, reservoir, pincel, m., painter's brush, pingiie, fat. pintar, paint. pintor, m., painter. pintoresco, picturesque. pintura,/., painting, pira,/., pyre, stake; fire. Piramides,/., the Pyramids. Pirineos, m., the Pyrenees, pisada, /., movement {in walk- ing); step, pistola,/., pistol. placer, m., pleasure. planir, lament, mourn, platonismo, m., Platonism. plaza,/., public square plazo, m. y space of time, period, plazoleta,/., place, spot, pleno, full. plomo, m., lead, pluma,/., feather; pen. poblaciun,/., population ; village, town, poblar, people; plant, grow {of plants). pobre, poor. When before the noun: wretched, unhappy, pobreza,/., poverty. pOCO, little; a — , in a little while. poder, be able, can; no puede menos, he cannot help, poder, m. f power, poderoso, powerful, influential, podrir, rot, decay, poema, m. t poem, poesia,/., poetry; verses. poeta, m. 9 poet, portico, poetic. politica,/., politics, state-affairs. polvo, m. t dust. p6mulo, tn, 9 cheek-bone. poner, place, put, set down ; — se a, begin, set about; — se de pie, get up, rise; — se serio, become serious; el sol se pone, the sun sets. poniente, m., setting sun; sun- set. pontifice, m., pontiff. por, through, by, by means of; because, for, in exchange for; — alii, around there, about that neighborhood; — las tardes, in the evenings ; — ser, because. Before an adjective which is followed by que with the subj. however. pormenor, *»., detail. porque, because. porqu6, why, wherefore. portarse, behave. porte, m., bearing, carriage. porvenir, m., future. pos, en — , behind. posadero, m,, innkeeper. poseer, possess. potro, ?n., foal; any horse less than three years old. pozo, m., well. pratico, practical. precio, m., price. precioso, precious. precipicio, w., precipice. precipitar, precipitate, hurl. precisamente, exactly, pre- cisely. precisi6n, /., precision, exact- ness, [sable. preciso, necessary, indispen- predestinado, predestined, fated. predicador, preaching. predicar, preach. pregunta,/., question, entreaty. preguntar, ask, demand, inquire. prenda, /., pledge, token; wife or children. prendar, give a token ; — se, be charmed, take a fancy to. VOCABULARY [ 4S prender, seize, arrest, take pris- oner; — se, fall into a trap, be deceived. preocupaci6n,/., prejudice. preparar, prepare, make ready. presa,/., booty; — de, a victim of. presenciar, be present at, wit- ness. presentar, present, offer, give; — se, present oneself, appear. presente, present. presentir, have forebodings, forshadow, augur. preso, p. p. prender. prestar, lend ; — atenci6n, give attention. [gant. presumido, presumptious, arro- presunto, presumable, supposed. pretension, /., pretension, arro- gance. pretextar, pretend, feign. prever, foresee. previsor, foreseeing, thoughtful. primavera,/., spring. primero, first. primogSnito, m., first-born, oldest son. princesa,/., princess. principal, principal, chief, main ; noble, high-born. principe, m., prince. principiar, begin. prior, m. y prior (of a convent). prioral, pertaining to a prior. prisionero, m., prisoner. privaci6n,/., privation, sacrifice. privar, deprive. pro, m. y profit ; en — 6 en contra, for or against. probabilidad, /., probability, chance. procaz, impudent. pr6cer, w., nobleman; member of the highest nobility. procurar, try, attempt, manage. prodigio, m. t wonder, miracle, prodigy. producir, produce, create; stir up. prof anaci6n, f., profanation, act of disrespect. profanar, profane, desecrate. profano, profane, common. profesar, profess, pronounce (vows) ; — de veras, pronounce the final vows. prof&ico, prophetic. profundamente, profoundly, deeply. profundizar, deepen. profundo, profound, deep. prohibir, prohibit, forbid. pr6jimo, in., neighbor. prolijo, prolix, diffuse, pro- longed. prolongado, long, extended. promesa,/., promise. prominente, prominent. promotor, m., promoter; — fis- cal, district-attorney. pronosticar, prognosticate, fore- tell, forecast, predict. pronto, adj ; with ser: quick; with estar: ready. pronto, adv., soon; de — , sud- denly, immediately, at once. pronunciar, pronounce, speak, say. propicio, propitious, favorable. propio, proper, own; personal; a un — tiempo, at the same time; el — terror, the very fear. proponer, propose, suggest. proporcionar, procure, obtain. prop6sito, m. y proposition, reso- lution. propuso, pret. proponer. proseguir, continue. protector, protecting, sheltering. proteger, protect, shield, shelter. provenir, come from, proceed from, be due to, be caused by. providencia,/., providence, fore- sight. 146 VOCABULARY pr6ximo, nearest, next. proyectar, project, plan. prueba,/., proof, evidence; test. publico, m. t public; people. pude, pret. poder. pueblecillo, m. t little village. pueblo, m., people; town. puente, m. and f., bridge; — llevadizo, drawbridge. puentecillo, m., little bridge. puerta,/., door. puertecilla, /., little door. pues, since, therefore; as ex- clam.: w r ell! indeed! — ya, now. puesta,/., setting (of the sun); — del sol, sunset. puesto, /. p, poner. puesto que, since, because. pugnar, struggle, fight. pulcro, beautiful, elegant, [teel. pulido, polished; charming, gen- pulimentar, polish, refine, adorn. pulm6n, **., lung. punta,/., point. punto, m., point (of time), mo- ment, instant; locality, place ; en — , sharp; en — a, con- cerning, in the matter of. punzar, prick. punada,/., blow with the fist. punal, m. y dagger. pupilo, w.,ward, minor ; boarder ; casa de pupilos, boarding- house. puro, pure; mere. puse, pret. poner. putrefacci6n, /., putrefaction, decomposition. Que, conj., that; for, since; be- fore a hortative subj. it is merely expletive and not trans- lated ; after a comparative : than. que, rel.pron., who, which, what, that. que, which ? what ? quebrantar, break ; fatigue ; weaken. quedar, remain; qu£date con Dios, God be w T ith you ; it is often used instead of estar to denote the continuatio7i of a state. queja, /., complaint, complain- ing. quejarse, complain, wail. quemar, burn. querer, desire, wish ; — a, love ; — decir, mean, signify. querido, beloved, querubin, m., cherub. quien, indef. pron., some one; — ... — , some . . . others, quien, rel. pron., who. quien, who? quietud,/., quietude, peace, quijotesco, Quixotic; silly, fool- ish, absurd. quimera, /., chimera, absurd fancy. [night- quince, fifteen ; — dias, a fort- quinientos, five-hundred, quise, pret. querer. quitar, take away, take off. quizas, perhaps. R Radiante, radiant, bright, rampa,/., stairs. rapido, rapid, quick. raro, rare, unusual. rasgar, tear, divide, rastrillo, ;//., portcullis, rastro, m. } trace, vestige, rato, m., while, space of time. raya, /., line, limit; a — , in check. rayo, «., ray; thunderbolt, flash of lightning. VOCABULARY 1 3 1 explicaci6n,/., explanation. explicar, explain. exponer, expose; explain, de- clare. expresion,/., expression. expresivo, expressive; respect- ful, amiable. expuse, pret exponer. extatico, ecstatic. extender, extend, tender. extendido, stretched out, out- stretched. exterminar, exterminate. extranjero, m. t stranger, for- eigner. extranar, find strange, wonder at. extrano, strange, foreign. extraordinario, extraordinary, unusual. extraviarse, lose one's way. extremo, extreme. Fabula,/., fable. fabuloso, fabulous.. faccioso, m., revolutionist. facistol, m,, large book-holder, facultad,/., faculty. fachada,/., front of a building, facade. falda,/., petticoat. falso, false, deceitful. f alta, /., fault ; want, lack, ab- sence; hacer — , need, be nec- essary ; por — de, in default of, for lack of. f altar, be wanting; falta, it is necessary. faltriquera,/., pocket. fallecer, die. fama,/., fame. familia,/, family. famoso, famous. fantasia,/., phantasy, imagina- tion; dreaming. fantasma, m., phantom. fantastic©, phantastic, imagi- nary. farmaceutico, m., pharmacist^ apothecary. farsa,/., farce. fastidiar, annoy, bore. fatal, fatal. fatalidad,/., fatality, fatiga,/, fatigue; //., hardship. fatuo, weak, feeble; flattering. favor, m» % favor. favorito, m., favorite. faz,/., face, countenance. fe, /., faith : a — , in truth, in- deed. fealdad,/., ugliness. fecha, /„, date; para esa — , within that time. fechoria,/., misdeed, crime, felicidad, /., happiness. felicitar, congratulate, Felipe, Philip feliz, happy, feo, ugly. feraz, fertil, fruitful. fetidez,/., rottenness, decompo- sition. feudal, feudal. feudatario, feudatory. libra,/., fiber. fiel, faithful. fiera,/., wild beast. fiero, fierce, cruel. fiesta,/, feast. figle, m., ophicleide; voz de — , deep, hoarse voice. figura,/, figure. figurarse, figure, imagine. fijar, fix; — se, pay attention to. fijo, fixed. fila,/, rank. [tion. filiaci6n,/., genealogy; descrip- filOs6fico, philosophical. filtrar, filter; — se, ooze, pene- trate. fimbria,/, hem. 1 3 2 VOCABULARY fin, m., end; a — de, in order to, for the purpose of; al — , finally, at length, at last; en — , in short. final, m., finale, ending, finalmente, finally. fingir, pretend, firmar, sign. firme, firm, decided, fiscal, fiscal; promotor — , dis- trict-attorney. fisionomia, /., face, expression, physiognomy, flaco, lean, thin, flamenco, Flemish, flanco, m., flank, side, flecha,/"., arrow, flojo, soft; feeble, weak. flor, /., flower. fonda,/"., hotel. [ground. fondo, ??i., bottom; back, back- forastero, m. t stranger, forma,/., form. formacion, /., formation; a. la — , form ranks! f ormalmente, clearly, positively. formar, form ; build, fortalecer, strengthen, fortaleza, /., strength, energy, firmness; fort, fortification, fortificar, fortify, forzar, force. forzosamente, of necessity. forzoso, compulsory. fosforico, phosphorescent, foso, m. t ditch, fraile, in., monk, frailuco, m., friar. francachela, /., gluttony, rev- elry; correr la — , indulge in gluttony, francos, French; Frenchman, f recuencia, /., frequency ; con — , often, frente, /., forehead ; al — de, at the head of; en — de, in front of, before; arrugar la — , frown. fresco, m-i chill, coldness, frescura, /., freshness; easy air, self-possession, friamente, coldly. frio, cold, frio, m., coldness; tener — , be cold {only of persons). frondoso, leafy, shady, fronterizo, situated in front, fruto, m. t fruit; result, fue, pret. ser or ir. fuego, in., fire. fuente,/., fountain, fuer, outside, out of doors; a — , besides {apocopated form of the following). f uera, see preceding. fuerza,/., force, strength; a — de, by means of, through ; respirar con — , breathe heavily, fuga,/., flight, fugitivo, fugitive. fumar, smoke, funda,/., lining. fundador, m., founder, fundar, found, establish; build, f dnsbre, funereal, gloomy ; ora- cion — , funeral oration, furia,/., fury, madness, furor, m. t fury, madness. Gallego, Galician. gallina,/"., hen, chicken, gana, /., inclination, desire, ganado, m. t herd, ganancia, /., gain, earning, profit, benefit, ganar, gain, earn, garbanzo, m., pea. garganta,/., throat, gasa,/., gauze, gastar, waste, squander, gemir, sigh. general, adj., general. VOCABULARY 133 general, m., general. genero,w., kind, species; — hu- mano, human race. genio, m., genius. gente,/., people. germanico, Germanic. giro, m., winding. gitanico, m. y (dimin. gitano) gypsy. gitano, m.y gypsy. gloria,/., glory. glorioso, glorious. gobernador, m.y governor. gobierno, m., government. golpecito, m.y friendly slap. gordo, thick, fat, corpulent. gorra,/., cap. gorri6n, m., sparrow. gota,/., drop. gracia, /., grace; pi., thanks; gracias a, owing to, because ; las tres — , the three Graces. gracioso, graceful. [nada. granadino, coming from Gra- grande, great, serious. grandemente, liberally, freely. grandeza,/., greatness. gratitud,/., gratitude. grave, grave, serious. griego, m.y Greek. gris, grey. gritar, shout, cry out. grito, m., shout, cry ; a grandes — , loudly; dar — , shout. grotesco, grotesque. grueso, thick, large, heavy. grunir, grumble, mutter. grupa,/., croup of a horse. grupo, m., group. guardar, keep ; — se, be care- ful, keep oneself from. guardia,/., guard. guardian, m., guardian, keeper. guarida,/., lair, hiding place. guerra,/., war. gusano, m., worm. gustar, enjoy. gusto, m. f taste; pleasure. H Haber, have {only as auxiliary) ; — de, must, ought {denoting probability) ; que ha de ser de, what is to become of; The 3 pers. sing, of all moods and tenses can be used imperson- ally in the sense of : there is, there are, there was, etc. habitar, inhabit ; live, dwell. habito, m. t habit, dress. habitual, habitual, usual, cus- tomary. habituarse, accustom oneself, become accustomed. hablar, speak. hacer, do, make, render ; — se, become ; — buen tiempo, be fine weather ; — falta, be necessary ; — guerra, wage war ; — mal, do wrong, hace un mes, a month ago. hacia, towards. hacienda, /., estate ; ministro de — , minister of finance. haga, pres. snbj. hacer. halagar, flatter. hallar, find ; — se, happen to be, be. hambre, /., hunger; tener — , be hungry. haraposo, ragged. hasta, as far as, until ; even; — quince voces, as many as fif- teen voices. hastio, m.y disgust, surfeit. hay, there is, there are. See haber. he, lo, behold ! hechizo, m.y charm. hecho, m.y deed. hecho, p. p. hacer. hediondo, infected. helar, freeze. heredero, m., heir. herida, /., wound. herir, wound, strike. J 34 VOCABULARY hermana,/., sister. hermano, in., brother; also as a title applied to monks. hermoso, beautiful. hermosura,/., beauty. heroe, m., hero. nice, pret. hacer. hidalgo, m., nobleman. hielo,/., ice. hierba,/"., grass. hierro, m., iron. hija,/., daughter. hijo, m., son ; pi., children. hilo, m. t thread. himno, m., hymn. hinchar, swell, protrude. historia,/., history ; story, tale. hogar, m. 9 hearth ; dwelling place. hoja,/., leaf. hojear, turn leaves. hola, hallo. hombre, m., man. hombro, m., shoulder. hondo, deep, hollow. honra,/., honor. honrar, honor. hora,/., hour. horizontalmente, horizontally. horizonte, m., horizon. horrendo, horrible, dreadful, fearful, frightful. horrible, horrible, dreadful, aw- ful. horror, m., horror. Hotentote, m., Hottentot. hoy, to-day. hoyo, m., excavation, hole. hueco, m., hollow, cavity. huerfano, adj., orphaned. hu£rfano, ??i., orphan. huertecillo, in., little garden. huerto, m., garden. hueso, m., bone. hu£sped, m., guest, boarder; casa de hu£spedes, boarding- house. hueste, w., host. huida,/., flight. huir, flee. humano, human. humedo, wet, moist, damp, humid, humildad,/., humility, humilde, humble. humildemente, humbly, humillar, humiliate. humo, m., smoke; anything worthless. humor, m., humor, disposition, character, mood, hundido, deep-set. hundir, sink. Iba, imp/, ir. idea,/., idea. idear, conceive an idea. identificar, identify; associate, id61atra, m., idolater. idolatrar, idolize. iglesia,/., church. ignorancia,/., ignorance. ignorar, be ignorant of. igual, equal, like. ilegitimo, illegitimate. iluminar, illuminate ; enlighten. ilusi6n,/., illusion, delusion. ilustrar, make famous. ilustre, illustrious, famous, re- nowned. imagen,/., image, idea. imaginaci6n, /., imagination, fancy. imbScil, imbecile, foolish. imitar, imitate. impaciencia,/., impatience. impacientarse, become impa- tient. impasible, impassible, un- moved. imperecedero, imperishable. imperial, imperial. impio, m., godless person, unbe- liever. VOCABULARY [ 35 imponer, impose, put upon; command. importancia,/., importance, full meaning; significance. importante, important. importar, be of consequence, matter. imposible, impossible. impotencia,/., impotence, help- lessness. imprecaci6n, /., imprecation, curse. impreso, p. p., imprimir. imprimir, print. impropio, improper, unfit, un- becoming: unworthy. improvisar, improvise. impulsar, impel. inaccesible, inaccessible. inapreciable, priceless. inclinar, incline, bend, bow; hang down. incoherentemente, incoherently. inc6modo, inconvenient. inconcuso, self-evident, incon- trovertible. inculto, uncultivated, uncul- tured. indecible, unspeakable. indecision,/., indecision, irreso- lution. indefinible, indefinable. indeliberado, unpremeditated. independencia,/., independence. independiente, independent. indeterminado, in definite, vague. indicaci6n,/., description. indicar, indicate, denote. indiferencia,/., indifference. indiferente, indifferent. indiferentemente, indifferently, carelessly. indignado, insulted. Indio, m., Indian {native of In- dia). Indostan, m., Hindustan. indudable, doubtless, indubi- table, beyond doubt. indudablemente, undoubtedly. indulgencia, /,, indulgence, le- niency. inefable, ineffable, unspeakable. inerte, inert, incapable of mo- tion. inescrutable, inscrutable. inexplicable, inexplicable, inex- pressible. inextinguible, inextinguishable, unquenchable. inf alibilidad, /., infallibility. infame, infamous, shameless. infanta,/., infanta. infantil, childlike, childish. infecto, infected, corrupted. infeliz, unhappy, unfortunate. inferior, m., inferior (in rank). infernal, infernal, hellish. infierno, m., hell. infinito, infinite, endless. informe, formless, shapeless; indistinct. infortunado, unfortunate. infundir, infuse, strike into, ingresar, go into, enter. injustificado, unjustified. inmediatamente, immediately. inmenso, immense, very great. inmortal, immortal, undying. inmortalidad,/., immortality. inmotivado, unmotivated, with- out cause. inmovil, immovable, motionless. inmovilidad,/., immovability. inmundo, unclean. inolvidable, not to be forgotten, inquietud,/., restlessness. insensato, senseless, mad. insensiblemente, insensibly, un- consciously, insepulto, unburied. insoportable, insupportable, un- bearable, inspiracion,/., inspiration. inspirar, inspire, instalar, instal, quarter. instante, m., instant, moment. 136 VOCABULARY instinto, m. % instinct. insultar, insult; swoon. insulto, m., insult; swoon. insuperable, insuperable. intacto, intact, untouched. inteligencia,/., intelligence, un- derstanding. intemperie, /., inclemency (of weather). intenso, intense, violent. intentar, intend, purpose. intentona, f., insurrection, bold attempt. interes, m., interest. interior, m., interior; en mi — , in my heart, to myself. interminable, interminable, end- less, ceaseless. [tween. interponer, interpose, place be- interrogar, ask. interrumpir, interrupt, disturb. intimo, intimate; detailed. inundar, inundate, flood; rush into. inutil, useless. iniitilmente, in vain. invadir, invade. invasor, invader. inventar, invent. investigaci6n, f, investigation, consideration. invierno, m., winter. ir, go ; — se, go away. ira,/., anger. iris, m., iris ; rainbow, more com- monly; arco — . ir6nicamente, ironically. ^realizable, unattainable. irrevocable, irrevocable. isla,/., island. item, moreover, besides. izquierdo, left. Jab6n, m., soap. Jaime, James. is, never; ever. jefe, m., chief, commander. Jer6nimo, Jerome. jer6nimo, adj., Hieronymite. jesuita, ??i., Jesuit. Jesus, Jesus. As an exclam: mercy! goodness! good gra- cious. jota, /"., Jota (a national song). joven, young. Juan, John. jubilo, m., rejoicing. juegO, m., play. juez, m., judge. juguet6n, frisky, playful. juicio, m., judgment, reasoning; a — de, in the opinion of; per- der — , become insane, lose one's mind. junco, m., reed. junto, joined; //., together; — a, beside, close to. jurar, take an oath, swear; curse. justicia,/., justice. justo, just. juventud,/., youth. juzgado, ;/z., tribunal. juzgar, judge. Labio, m., lip. labor, ?n., labor; //., hardships, labrador, m., farmer, ladera,/., slope, mountain-side, lado, m., side. ladrillo, ;/z., brick, tile, ladron, m. y robber. lago, m. y lake, lagrima,/., tear. Iagrim6n, m., large tear, laguna,/., lagoon, small lake. Iamentaci6n, /., lamentation, wailing, lamer, lick; wash (of large bodies of water). lampara,/., lamp. lanzar, hurl; — fuego, flash VOCABULARY J 37 fire; — una exclamacitin, utter; — un grito, shout, shriek; — se, rush. largo, long, extended; a lo — , along, the length of. lastima,/., pity. latir, beat, palpitate. leal, legal ; loyal, faithful. Iecci6n, /"., lesson. lecho, m., bed. leer, read. legar, bequeathe, leave as a legacy. legitimo, legitimate, regular. legua,/., league, mile. lejano, distant. lejos, far, far away; a lo — , in the distance. lentamente, slowly. lentitud, /., slowness. lento, slow. lena,/., wood (for burning). Ie6n, m., lion. letargo, m., lethargy. letrado, educated. levadizo, capable of being raised ; puente — , draw-bridge. levantar, lift up, raise; — se, get up, rise. leve, light, slight. libertad,/., liberty. libra,/"., pound; a liquid meas- ure, a little less than a pound. librar, liberate, free. libre, free. lid,/., struggle, battle. lienzo, m., canvass. ligadura,/"., ligature, rope. ligar, bind, tie. ligeramente, lightly, slightly. ligero, light, slight. limitado, limited. limite, m., boundary, bounds. limpio, clean. linajudo, of noble descent. Undo, pretty. linea,/., line. liquido, m., liquid. lista,/., list. literalmente, literally. literatura,/., literature. lo, neut. art., the. lo, pers. pron., him, it. (ace. of el,). locamente, madly. loco, foolish, silly ; crazy, insane, mad. locuaz, loquacious, talkative. locura, f., insanity, madness; pi., vagaries. lodo, m., mud, dirt. lograr, attain, accomplish; suc- ceed. losa, f., flag-stone. liicido, bright, brilliant, shining ; clear-sighted. luctuoso, plaintive, doleful. lucha, /., struggle, fight, battle. luego, then, soon, immediately ; later on, afterwards ; desde — , right then, at once, on the spot; — que, as soon as. lugar, m., place. liigubre, lugubrious, sad, gloomy. lujo, m., luxury, costliness. luna,/., moon. luz, /., light; candle. LL Llaga,/., wound, scar. llamar, call; — se, be called, named. llanto, m., weeping, wailing, complaining; tears. llanura,/., plain. llegar, arrive, come; — a, suc- ceed. llenar, fill. lleno, full. llevar, carry, transport, bring; — media hora, spend half an hour; — una vida, live a life. llorar, weep, mourn. i3» VOCABULARY lloroso, tearful, sad. llovedizo, pertaining to rain; agua — , rain-water, lluvia,/., rain. M Macareno, m., high-liver, bon vivant. maceta,/., flower-pot; bouquet. madera, /., wood; frame (of a window) ; shutter. madre,/., mother. madriguera, /., hole, retreat (of animals). madrileno, native of Madrid, maestre, m., grand master. maestro, m., master. magnlfico, magnificent. majestad,/., majesty. majestuoso, majestic. majuelo, m. y vine; vineyard, mal, m., evil, wrong. maldad,/., illness. maldito, accursed. malhechor, ?n. y evil-doer, crim- inal. malo, evil, bad, unlucky, malogrado, unfortunate; applied particularly to those who have died young. malla,/., mesh. mancebo, m. y young man ; clerk. mandar, send; order, -com mand ; i que manda V? what is your pleasure ? mandibula,/., jaw. manera,/., manner, manga,/., sleeve; purse-net. maniatar, handcuff. manifestar, manifest, show; say. maniqueismo, ?n., Manichaeism. manjar, m. f delicacy, favorite dish, mano,/., hand. manto, m. cloak, garment. manzana,/., apple, manzanilla, /., a white wine made in Andalusia. manana, to-morrow; pasado — , the day after, etc. manana,/., morning. maqnina,/., machine, engine, maquinalmente, mechanically. mar, m. t and /., sea ; — asfal- tico. Dead Sea. maravedi, m. y a small copper coin worth f of a cent. maravilla, /., wonder, maravillado, taken by surprise. marcar, mark. marco, //z., frame, margin, marcha,/, march; en — , for- ward ! go your way ! marchar, march, go; — se, go away. marido, m. y husband, marmol, m. y marble, marques, m. y marquis, martir, m. y martyr, mas, conj. y but. mas, adv., more, most ; nadie — , no one else. masa,/., mass, heap, mascara,/, mask. matar, kill, murder, materialmente, materially, physically. matiz, m., shading. matrimonio, m., matrimony, wedding, marriage. mayo, m., May. mayor, m. y irreg. comp., grande, greater ; older ; la — parte, the majority. mediante, by means of. medicina,/, medicine. medico, w., physician, medida, a — que, in proportion as. media noche, midnight, medio, half, middle. medio, m. y means, midst. VOCABULARY 1 39 mediodia, m., midday; south. meditacion,/., meditation. meditar, meditate, ponder, con- sider. mejor, irreg. comp., bien, bet- ter ; — dicho, rather, to speak more accurately. mejorar, ameliorate, make bet- ter, improve. melancolia,/., melancholy. melanc61icamente, in a melan- choly manner. [tion. memoria, /., memory, recollec- memorial, m. 9 petition. mencionar, mention. meneo, m. y movement, motion. menester, m. y need, necessity ; es — , it is necessary. mengua,/., diminution, lessen- ing. menos, irreg. comp. pOCO, less ; least ; except ; lo — or a lo — , at least. mentalmente, mentally. mentir, lie, tell falsehood. mentira,/., lie, deceit. merced,/., mercy; — a, thanks to, owing to ; su — , your (his) lordship. merecer, deserve. merendar, lunch, take a light repast. meridional, southern. m^rito, m. y merit. mes, m. 9 month. mesa,/., table. Mesias, Messiah. mi, my. [afraid. miedo, m., fear ; tener — , be miembro, m., limb. mientras, while, as long as. miguelete, m. y miquelet. See page 23, note 2. mil, one thousand. milagro, m., miracle, strange circumstance. militar, m. y military man, sol- dier. miliar, m. t a quantity of one thousand units considered as a whole. mimar, pamper, spoil. ministro, m. y minister; servant ; — de hacienda, minister of finance ; — del Senor, priest. minuto, m., minute. mio, mine. mira,/., glance, look. mirada,/., glance, look. mirar, look at ; gaze upon ; imper. mira as an exclam : look here ! listen ; bien mi- rado, looked upon with favor. misa,/., mass. misantropo, misanthropic. miserable, miserable, wretched. misi6n,/"., mission. mismo, self, same, identical, very ; lo — que, just as. misterio, m., mystery. [cal. misterioso, mysterious, mysti- mistico, mystical. mitad,/., half. mocedad,/., youth. modelado, modelled, fashioned. moderno, modern. modo, m.y manner; de — que, so that. mohino, m., mule. molestia, /., trouble, difficulty, inconvenience. momento, w., moment. momia,/., mummy. monasterio, m., monastery. monje, m., monk. mono, m., monkey. monstnio, m., monster. montana, f., mountain-chain ; mountain. montar, mount. mont6n, m., heap; crowd. monumento, m., monument. morada,/., dwelling-place. morador, m., inhabitant, tenant. moral, moral. morar, dwell. 140 VOCABULARY morder, bite. moreno, brown ; dark, moribundo, dying, expiring, morir, die; jmuera F. ! down with F. moro, m., Moor, mortal, mortal. mostrar, show ; — se, present oneself. motin, m. 9 tumult, row. [son. motivo, m. t motive, cause, rea- movedizo, moving, loose. mover, move, stir. mozo, m., young man; waiter, muchacha,/., girl, muchacho, m., boy. [crowd. muchedumbre, /., multitude, muchisimo, mpetf., mucho, very much, muchb, much ; pL, many ; £que — ? what wonder ? mudar, change. mudo, mute, dumb, mueble, m., piece of furniture, muerte,/., death. muerto, dead; despuds de — , after being dead. muerto, p. p., morir. muestra, /., sample; dial-plate (of a clock). mujer, /., woman ; wife, mula,/., mule, mundanal, worldly, muniano, worldly. mundo, m., world, mundca,/., wrist, murmurar, murmur, muro, m., wall, musgo, m., moss, musgoso, mossy, musica,/., music. muy, very, quite. N Nacar, m., mother of pearl, nacer, be born. nacional, national. nada, /., nothing ; state of being nothing. nadie, nobody, no one ; — mas, no one else. naranja,/., orange, nativo, native, by nature, natural, adj., natural ; born, natural, m., native, naturaleza, /., nature ; intelli- gence, naturalidad, /., naturalness, freedom, naufrago, shipwrecked, nave,/., nave. [reth. nazareno, coming from Xaza- necesitar, need ; must, be obliged. necio, foolish, stupid, negro, black ; dark. nervioso, nervous, nevado, snowy, covered with snow. ni, neither ; — ... — , neither . . . nor ; — uno, not a single one. nieto, m., grandson, nieve,/., snow. ninguno, no, no one, none ; mas de — , more than any one. ninez,/., childhood, niiio, m., child. no, not. noble, noble, nocturno, nocturnal, noche,/., night; de — , at night ; media — , midnight, nogal, m. s walnut-tree, nombrar, name, mention, nombre, m., name, nominal, nominal ; lista — , roster ; roll-call, norte, m., north, nosotros, we. notar, notice, remark, noticia,/., notice, information ; news ; tener — de algo, to have heard of something. VOCABULARY I 4 I novela,/., novel, short story. novia, /., bride ; betrothed ; sweetheart. nube,/., cloud. mica,/., nape (of the neck). nuestro, our. nuevamente, newly, again, once more, nueve, nine. nuevo, new ; de — , again, nunca, never. nutrici6n,/., nourishment, food. 6, or ; — sea, or. obedecer, obey. Obispo, m., bishop. ObjetO, m., object, purpose; — de devoci6n, religious article. obligacion, /., obligation, duty. Obligar, oblige, compel. obra,/., work. Obscurecer, become dark. Observar, observe, remark, watch. Obstante, no — , nevertheless. obtener, obtain. 0casi6n, /., occasion, opportu- nity. ocaso, w., west. oceano, m., ocean. ocio, m., idleness. ocioso, idle, unoccupied. OCtava,/., a kind of verse con- sisting of eight lines. ocultar, hide, conceal. oculto, hidden, secret. ocupado, occupied, busy. ocupar, occupy, take up ; — se, occupy oneself, be busy. ocurrir, occur, happen, come to pass, take place ; me ocurre, it strikes me. ochavo, m.j eighth part ; hacer ochavos, cut into eight parts. ochenta, eighty. ocho, eight ; hace — dias, a week ago. ochocientos, eight-hundred. odiar, hate. odio, m., hatred. odioso, odious, hateful. oficial, m.y officer. oficio, m., office, profession, trade; — de difuntos, office of the dead, requiem mass. ofrecer, offer, present ; 1 que se te ofrece? what can I do for you? oido, m., ear (in the abstract) , sense of hearing. oir, hear, listen. ojeada,/., look of the eye. ojiva,/., pointed arch. 0J0, m., eye. ola,/"., wave. oleada,/., wave. 61eo, m., oil; cuadro al — , oil painting. oleo, smell. olivar, m., olive-garden. olor, m., odor, smell. olvidar, forget. olvido, ?n. y forgetfulness, forget- ting. once, eleven. onda,/., wave. Opio, m., opium. Oportuno, opportune, proper, fit, convenient. Opulento, rich. oraci6n,/., oration, speech;//., prayers. orden,/., order, command; re- ligious order ; a las — de, under the command of. orden, m., order, arrangement ; por — de, in the order of. ordenanza, /., regulation, stat- utes; orderly (military officer). orgullo, m., pride. oriente, m., orient, east ; birth, beginning. orilla,/., bank. 142 VOCABULARY oro, m., gold, ortodoxo, orthodox. OS, dat. or ace. vosotros. oscuramente, obscurely. oscurecer, become dark. oscuridad, /., obscurity, dark- ness. oscuro, obscure, dark. ostentar, show, exhibit. otono, m., autumn, fall. Otro, another; — dos, two more; unos a — s, one another. Pablo, Paul. paciencia,/., patience. pacifico, peaceful, calm; Mar — , Pacific Ocean. pacto, m. t compact, contract, agreement. padecer, suffer. padre, m., father; also as a title of priests. pagar, pay. pagO, m. t pay, reward. pais, m., country, landscape. paisano, m., peasant. pajaro, m. 9 bird. paje, m., page. palabra,/., word. palacio, m., palace. palidecer, turn pale. palido, pallid, pale. palo, m., pole, stick, walking- stick. pan, m. y bread. panorama, m., panorama. papa, m., pope. papel, m., paper; role (of an actor); representar un — , play a role. papisa,/., female pope. par, w., pair, couple; al or a la — de, like; al or a. la. — que, together with; sin — , peer- less. para, for; for the purpose of, in order to. paradero, m., stopping place, whereabouts. paraiso, m., paradise. paraje, m., place. parar, stop. parecer, appear, seem; — se, resemble. pared,/., wall. paria, m. f pariah, outcast. parir, bring forth, give birth to. parricidio, m., parricide. parte, /., part; dar — a, in- form. particular, particular, special. particularmente, particularly, specially. partida, /., division; play, game; the departing this life; — de sepelio, burial cere- mony. partir, divide, break; depart. pasajero, m. y passenger, passer- by; traveller. pasar, intrans., walk, go, go by; take place, happen; traits. pass, cross ; spend (time); — se, pass over, desert; happen, take place. pasearse, promenade, take a walk. paseo, m., promenade, walk. pasi6n,/., passion. paso, m., step. pastor, m. 9 shepherd, herdsman. patillas,/., whiskers. patio, m., courtyard. patria,/., native country. patrio, belonging to one's native country, native. patriota, m., patriot. patriotico, patriotic. patriotismo, m. t patriotism. patrona, /., keeper of a board- ing-house for soldiers. patrono, m. t patron; patron- saint. VOCABULARY *43 pausa,/., pause, rest. pavimento, m. y pavement. pavor, m., fear, awe. pavoroso, awe-inspiring, fearful, dreadful. paz,/., peace; a la — de Dios, good-bye. pecado, m. y sin. pecador, m. 9 sinner. peculiar, peculiar, characteris- tic. pechazo, m., bust. pecho, m., breast; heart. pedazo, m.. piece; hacer — , smash. pedir, ask, demand, request. peinar, comb. pelado, hairy ; having a tuft of hair. pelea,/., struggle, fight, battle. pelear, struggle, fight, peligro, m., danger. pelo, m., skin ; burro en — , ass without a saddle. pena,/., pain. pender, hang, be suspended. penetrar, penetrate, enter, step in; penetrado de, convinced of. penitencia,/., penance. penitente, penitent, repentant. penoso, painful, difficult, des- perate. pensamiento, w., thought. pensar, think. penasco, m., rock. penon, m., large rock. peor, comp. of malo, worse. pequeno, small. pequenito, small, dainty. percibir, perceive, notice. perder, lose; — a, destroy, ruin. pSrdida,/., loss. perdidamente, utterly ; head over heels. perd6n, m., pardon, forgiveness. perdonar, pardon, forgive ; — la vida a alguno, spare one's life. perdurable, everlasting, per- petual. peregrino, adj., strange, pecu- liar. peregrino, m., pilgrim, wan- derer. perezoso, lazy. perfectamente, perfectly. perfil, m., profile, outline; trait, periodo, m. t period. perla,/., pearl. permanecer, remain. permiso, m. t permission. permitir, permit, allow. pero, but. perro, m., dog. perseguir, persecute, track, pursue, hunt for. persona,/., person. personaje, m., personage. personal, personal. personalmente, personally. pertenecer, pertain, belong to. pesadilla,/., nightmare. pesado, heavy. pesame, m., message of con- dolence. pesantez,/., heaviness, weight. pesar, m., regret, trouble; a — de, in spite of. pesar, weigh, press down. pesca,/., fishing. pescador, ??i., fisherman. pescadora, /., fisherwoman ; fisherman's wife. pescar, fish. pescuezo, m., neck, peso, m., weight. petulancia, /., impudence; vi- vacity. piadoso, pious, reverent, devout. piar, chirp. picar, sting. picardia,/., trickery, cunning. picaro, crafty, cunning; rogu- ish. pico, m., summit, top. pie, m. f foot; de — , on foot; i 4 4 VOCABULARY volver pies atras, retrace one's steps. piedad,/., piety ; pity, piedra,/., stone. piel, m. y skin, pierna,/., leg. pila,/., basin, reservoir. pincel, m., painter's brush, pingiie, fat. pintar, paint. pintor, m. t painter. pintoresco, picturesque, pintura,/., painting. pira,/., pyre, stake; fire. Piramides,/., the Pyramids. Pirineos, m. f the Pyrenees. pisada, /"., movement (in walk- ing) ; step, pistola,/., pistol, placer, m., pleasure, planir, lament, mourn, platonismo, «u, Platonism. plaza,/., public square plazo, #z., space of time, period, plazoleta,/., place, spot. pleno, full. plomo, m., lead, pluma,/., feather; pen. poblaciun,/., population ; village, town. poblar, people; plant, grow (of plants). pobre, poor. When before the noun: wretched, unhappy. pobreza,/., poverty. poco, little; a — , in a little while. poder, be able, can; no puede menos, he cannot help, poder, m., power. poderoso, powerful, influential. podrir, rot, decay. poema, m. t poem, poesia,/., poetry; verses. poeta, m., poet, poetico, poetic. politica,/., politics, state-affairs. polvo, w., dust. p6mulo, m. t cheek-bone. poner, place, put, set down ; — se a, begin, set about; — se de pie, get up, rise; — se serio, become serious; el sol se pone, the sun sets. poniente, m., setting sun; sun- set. pontifice, m., pontiff. por, through, by, by means of; because, for, in exchange for; — alii, around there, about that neighborhood; — las tardes, in the evenings ; — ser, because. Before an adjective which is followed by que with the subj. however. pormenor, ;/z., detail. porque, because. porqu6, why, wherefore. portarse, behave. porte, m., bearing, carriage. porvenir, m., future. pos, en — , behind. posadero, m., innkeeper. poseer, possess. potro, ?n. y foal; any horse less than three years old. pozo, ?n., well. pratico, practical. precio, m., price. precioso, precious. precipicio, w., precipice. precipitar, precipitate, hurl. precisamente, exactly, pre- cisely. precisi6n, /., precision, exact- ness, [sable. preciso, necessary, indispen- predestinado, predestined, fated. predicador, preaching. predicar, preach. pregunta,/., question, entreaty. preguntar, ask, demand, inquire. prenda, /., pledge, token; wife or children. prendar, give a token ; — se, be charmed, take a fancv to. VOCABULARY r 45 prender, seize, arrest, take pris- oner; — se, fall into a trap, be deceived. preocupaci<5n,/., prejudice. preparar, prepare, make ready. presa,/., booty; — de, a victim of. presenciar, be present at, wit- ness. presentar, present, offer, give; — se, present oneself, appear. presente, present. presentir, have forebodings, forshadow, augur. preso, p. p. prender, prestar, lend ; — atenci6n, give attention. [gant. presumido, presumptious, arro- presunto, presumable, supposed. pretension, /., pretension, arro- gance. pretextar, pretend, feign. prever, foresee. previsor, foreseeing, thoughtful. primavera,/., spring. primero, first. primogenito, m. t first-born, oldest son. princesa,/*., princess. principal, principal, chief, main ; noble, high-born. principe, m., prince. principiar, begin. prior, ?n., prior (of a convent). prioral, pertaining to a prior. prisionero, aw., prisoner. privaci6n,/., privation, sacrifice. privar, deprive. pro, m., profit ; en — 6 en contra, for or against. probabilidad, /., probability, chance. procaz, impudent. pr6cer, m. f nobleman; member of the highest nobility. procurar, try, attempt, manage. prodigio, »., wonder, miracle, prodigy. producir, produce, create; stir up. profanaci6n,/., profanation, act of disrespect. profanar, profane, desecrate. profano, profane, common. profesar, profess, pronounce (vows) ; — de veras, pronounce the final vows. profetico, prophetic. profundamente, profoundly, deeply. profundizar, deepen. profundo, profound, deep. prohibir, prohibit, forbid. pr6jimo, m., neighbor. prolijo, prolix, diffuse, pro- longed. prolongado, long, extended. promesa,/., promise. prominente, prominent. promotor, m., promoter; — fis- cal, district-attorney. pronosticar, prognosticate, fore- tell, forecast, predict. pronto, adj ; with ser : quick ; with estar: ready. pronto, adv., soon; de — , sud- denly, immediately, at once. pronunciar, pronounce, speak, say. propicio, propitious, favorable. propio, proper, own; personal; a un — tiempo, at the same time; el — terror, the very fear. proponer, propose, suggest. proporcionar, procure, obtain. prop6sitO, m. y proposition, reso- lution. propuso, pret. proponer. proseguir, continue. protector, protecting, sheltering. proteger, protect, shield, shelter. provenir, come from, proceed from, be due to, be caused by. providencia,/., providence, fore- sight. 146 VOCABULARY pr6ximo, nearest, next. proyectar, project, plan. prueba,/., proof, evidence; test. publico, m., public; people. pude, pret. poder. pueblecillo, m., little village. pueblo, m., people; town. puente, m. and f., bridge; — llevadizo, drawbridge. puentecillo, m., little bridge. puerta,/., door. puertecilla,/., little door. pues, since, therefore; as ex- clam.: well! indeed! ■ — ya, now. puesta,/., setting (of the sun) ; — del sol, sunset. puesto, p. p, poner. puesto que, since, because. pugnar, struggle, fight. pulcro, beautiful, elegant, [teel. pulidO, polished; charming, gen- pulimentar, polish, refine, adorn. pulm6n, m.y lung. punta,/., point. punto, m., point (of time), mo- ment, instant ; locality, place ; en — , sharp; en — a, con- cerning, in the matter of. punzar, prick. punada,/., blow with the fist. punal, m. y dagger. pupilo, w.,ward, minor ; boarder ; casa de pupilos, boarding- house. puro, pure; mere. puse, pret. poner. putrefacci6n, /., putrefaction, decomposition. Que, con/., that; for, since; be- fore a hortative subj. it is merely expletive and not trans- lated '; after a comparative : than. que, rel.pron., who, which, what, that. qu£, which ? what ? quebrantar, break ; fatigue ; weaken. quedar, remain; quedate con Dios, God be with you ; it is often used instead of estar to denote the continuation of a state. queja, /., complaint, complain- ing. quejarse, complain, wail. quemar, burn. querer, desire, wish ; — a, love ; — decir, mean, signify. querido, beloved, querubin, m., cherub. quien, indef. pron., some one; — ... — , some . . . others. quien, rel. pron., who. qui£n, who? quietud,/., quietude, peace. quijotesco, Quixotic ; silly, fool- ish, absurd. quimera, /., chimera, absurd fancy. [night. quince, fifteen ; — dias, a f ort- quinientos, five-hundred. quise, pret. querer. quitar, take away, take off. quizas, perhaps. R Radiante, radiant, bright, rampa,/., stairs. rapido, rapid, quick. raro, rare, unusual, rasgar, tear, divide, rastrillo, m., portcullis. rastro, m., trace, vestige. rato, m., while, space of time. raya, /., line, limit; a — , in check. rayo, m., ray; thunderbolt, flash of lightning. VOCABULARY [ 47 raza,/., race. raz6n, f. % reason, intelligence; tener — , be right. real, adj\ % from Latin realis (res), real, genuine, actual. real, adj\, from Latin regalis {rex), royal. real, m., a small silver coin worth five cents. realidad,/., reality. realista, m., royalist. reanudar, take up again. rebelde, rebellious. [tion. rebeldia, f, rebellious disposi- recado, m., message, commis- sion; — de escribir, writing materials. recibimiento, m*, reception. xecibir, receive. recientemente, recently. recinto, m,, enclosure, space; place. reciprocamente, reciprocally, mutually. reciproco, reciprocal, mutual, reclinar, recline, lean. reclusion, /., seclusion, retire- ment. recobrarse, come to oneself, re- cover consciousness. recoger, gather up. recomendar, recommend. reconciliar, reconcile. reconvenci6n,/., reproach. recordar, remember, recollect. recorrer, traverse, make hurried visits. recuerdo, m., recollection, re- membrance, red,/., net. redencitin,/., redemption. redentor, m., redeemer. redimir, redeem. redoma,/., phial. redondilia,/., a certain kind of verse consisting of four lines. redondo, round; — al suelo, flat on the ground. reducir, reduce, confine. reenganchar, re-enlist. referir, relate, tell, recount; — se, refer to. reflejar, reflect. reflejo, m., reflection, reflexion, /., reflection, consi- deration, thought, pondering; habit of thinking, [think. reflexionar, reflect, consider, refrenar, restrain, repress, refugiarse, take refuge. regano, ?/z., reprimand. regi6n,/., region, registrar, examine, inspect, regla,/., rule. regocijarse, rejoice. regocijo, m., great joy, rejoicing* regresar, return, come back, regreso, ?/;., return; de — , back, rehacer, reorganize, form anew, rehusar, refuse, reina,/., queen, reinar, reign, prevail. reino, m., kingdom. reir, laugh, rejuvenecer, rejuvenate, become young again. relaci6n,/"., relation, connection, relato, m., story, account. religi6n, /., religion. religiose, religious. religiosidad, /., the religious sentiment, reloj, 77z., clock, watch, reluciente^ shining, bright. remedio, m., remedy; no hay — , there is no help. remontar, raise on high, rise; — se, soar. remordimiento, m., remorse, renegar, deny; — de, rail against. renunciaci6n,/,, renunciation. renunciar, renounce. renir, quarrel ; scold, upbraid, reparar, examine closely, look into; notice, pay attention. 148 VOCABULARY repartir, divide among. repente, de — , suddenly. repetir, repeat. replicar, reply, answer. reponer, put back ; — se, re- cover. reportarse, recover oneself. representar, represent. repuesto, p. p., reponer. repugnante, repugnant, repul- sive. repuse,/r^. reponer ; also in the sense of : replied, answered. resena, /., review (of troops) ; description, sketch. reserva,/., reserve. residir, reside, dwell. resignado, resigned. resistencia,/., resistance, oppo- sition. resoluci6n, /., resolution, de- termination. resonancia,/., resonance, echo. resonar, resound. resorte m. t spring. respetable, respectable. respetar, respect. respeto, m. t respect ; campar por su — , have one's own way, do as one pleases. respirar, breathe. resplandeciente, resplendent, shining. responder, reply, answer. restar, remain, be left ; sub- tract, take away. resto, m., rest, remainder. resucitar, revive. resultado, m., result. resultar, result, turn out. resumen, m., summing up. resumir, sum up. retaguardia,/., rear-guard. retemblido, o*., violent shudder. retirada,/., retreat. retirarse, retreat, retire, with- draw. retiro, m. s retirement. retorcer, twist, twirl. retratar, portray, paint a por- trait. retrato, m., picture, portrait. retroceder, step back, fall back. retrospectivo, retrospective, looking back. retumbar, resound. reumatismo, m., rheumatism. reunion,/., reunion, rally. reunir, bring together, hoard up. revelar, reveal, betray. reverencia, /., reverence. reves, m., back, rear. revisar, examine. revolution,/., revolution. revuelto, turbulent, confused. rey, m., king. rezar, pray. rigidez,/., rigidity, stiffness. rigido, rigid, stiff. rigor, m., rigor, severity, harsh- ness. rigurosamente, rigorously, strictly, severely. rinc6n, m., corner. rio, m., river. riqueza,/, richness, wealth. risa,/., laughter. risotada, /., violent burst of laughter. robar, rob, steal. robusto, robust, strong, power- ful. roca,/., rock. rociar, sprinkle; wash down. rodear, surround. rodeo, m., roundabout way. rodilla, /., knee ; caer de — s, fall on one's knees ; ponerse de — s, kneel down. romantico, romantic. romper, break. rondar, walk around ; make rounds. ropilla,/, plain dress. rostro, m. t face, features. VOCABULARY 149 roto, broken. rubio, blond, golden (of hair). rudo, rude, hard, harsh, ruego, m., prayer, entreaty. rugir, roar, ruido, m., noise. ruidoso, noisy, rushing. ruina, /., ruin. ruinoso, ruined, ruisenor, m., nightingale. rumbo, m., direction. rumor, m., noise, disturbance. rustico, rustic, pertaining to the country. Saber, know, have knowledge of ; pret. supe also in sense of : I learned. sabiduria,/., wisdom. sable, m., sabre, sword. saborear, enjoy. sacar, draw ; lift up, raise, sacerdote, ;/z., priest. Sacramento, m., sacrament. ' sacrificar, sacrifice. sacrificio, m., sacrifice. sacrilegamente, sacrilegiously, irreverently. sacudir, shake violently, shake out. sagrado, sacred, consecrated, sala,/., room, reception-room, parlor, salida,/., exit, departure. salir, go out, depart, escape ; — de lecho, get up, rise ; — por, cost, amount to ; el sol sale, the sun rises. salmodiar, chant, sing psalms. saltar, jump, leap, salto, m. 9 leap ; — de agua, waterfall ; dar un — , take a leap, saludar, salute, bow. salvacion, /., salvation, safety, salvaje, savage, wild, fierce. salvar, save ; pass beyond, above. San, Saint. Apocopated for?n of santO, used only before names of saints not beginning with Do or To. sangre,/., blood. sangria, /., little canal, irrigat- ing ditch. sanguinario, bloodthirsty, bloody. sano, healthy, sound, sane. Santiago, St. James. santidad,/., holiness. santisimo, sup. of santo. santo, holy. sapo, m., toad. sargento, m., sergeant. satisfaccion,/., satisfaction. satisfecho, satisfied ; darse por — , be satisfied. sazon,/., season, time; a la — , at the time. se, refl. pro7t., oneself ; himself, herself, itself, themselves; one another. se, pers. pron., As a substitute for le, les %vhen these are di- rectly followed by another pro- noun of the j pers. cf. page ij, note 4. si, pres. i?zdic. saber. seco, dry, lean, thin. secreto, secret ; private. secreto, m., secret. segador, m., mower. segar, mow. seglar, m., layman. seguida, en — , immediately. seguir, follow, continue, pro- ceed. segun, according to. segundo, second. seguro, secure, safe; sure, cer- tain. seis, six. semblante, m., face. semejante, like, similar; such. X S° VOCABULARY sencillo, simple. sendero, m., path. seno, m., bosom. sentarse, seat oneself, sit down. sentenciado, sentenced to death. sentido, m., sense, conscious- ness; feeling; con sus cinco -s, from the bottom of one's heart; en todos -s, with the utmost carfe. [i n g« sentimiento, m., sentiment, feel- sentir, feel; pity, be sorry. sena, f., sign; pi., description (of a person). senal, m. t sign, mark, signal. senalar, point to, point out, signal. senor, /;/., gentleman; master; in direct address : Mr. ; el Senor, the Lord. senora, /., lady; mistress; nu- estra — , our Lady. senorico, m. t Andalusian dim. of senor, implying familiar- ity. sepa, prcs. subj. saber. separar, separate. sepelio, m., burial; partida de — , burial-service. sepulcral, sepulchral; hollow (of the voice). sepulcro, ?n., sepulcher, grave, tomb. sspultura,/., sepulture, tomb. sequedad, /., dryness; con — , drily, coldly. ser, be (of permanent states) ; — de, belong to ; The j pers. sing, of all ??ioods and tenses is ofteti used imperso?ially in the sense of: the reason is, was, etc. ser, m., being. serafico, seraphic. serenarse, become calm. sereno, calm, serene. seriedad, /., seriousness, ear- nestness. 1 serio, serious, earnest. ! sermon, m. 9 sermon. j serrucho, m., hand-saw. | servicio, m., service ; duty, servidora,/., servant, servir, serve, sesenta, sixty. seso, m., brain, the white mat- ter ; tapa de los -s, brainpan, cranium, setenta, seventy, setiembre, m., September, si, if, whether. In exclatn. sen- tences often as an expletive. si, adv., yes, indeed, si, refl. pron. (tonic), himself, herself, itself, themselves, sido, p.p. ser. siempre, always, sierra,/., mountain-chain* siete, seven, siglo, m., century. significar, signify, mean, siguiente, following, next silbar, whistle. silencio, m., silence, silenciosamente, silently, silencioso, silent. silla, /., chair, simpatia,/., sympathy, simultaneo, simultaneous. sin, without. siniestro, sinister, gloomy. sino, but ; except, siquiera, at least; ni — , not even, , sirva, pres. subj. servir; re- flexively in j. pers. sing, and plur. in the sense of: please, sitio, ?n., place, position. sito, situated, located, soberania,/., sovereignty, soberbia,/., pride, soberbio, proud, sobra, /., excess, superabun- dance ; pi., leavings (of meals). sobre, on, upon, over; about, sobrehumano, superhuman. VOCABULARY 1 S 1 sobrenombre, w., surname; nick- name. sobreponer, place over, above. sobrevivir, survive, outlive. social, social. socorro, m., aid, assistance. soez, dirty. soga,/., rope. sol, m., sun ; tomar el — , bask in the sun; el — sale, the sun rises ; el — se pone, the sun sets. solamente, only, solely. soldado, m., soldier. soledad,/., solitude. solemne, solemn, impressive. solemnidad, /., solemnity, im- pressiveness. soler, be accustomed. solitario, solitary, lonely. solitario, m. t anchorite ; monk. solo, alone, single ; a solas, alone. s6lo, only. solter6n, m., old bachelor. sollozo, ?7i., sigh. sombra,/., shade, shadow. sombrero, m., hat. sombrio, sombre, gloomy; sad. somnolencia, f, somnolence, drowsiness. son, m. 9 sound, tone. sonar, sound, resound. sondear, sound, measure. soneto, m., sonnet. sonreirse, smile. sonrisa,/., smile. sonador, dreamy, in a revery. sonar, dream ; sleep. SOrbO, m., mouthful (of liquids). sordamente, deep, hollow, rum- bling. sordo, deaf; dull {of sounds). sorprender, surprise. sorpresa,/., suprise. sosegado, calm, peaceful. sospecha, /., suspicion. sostener, support, hold up. SS. MM. =sus majestades, their majesties, su, his, her, its ; their, subir, rise, go up. subitamente, suddenly. sublime, sublime. subordinado, ;;z., subordinate, subteniente, m. } under-lieuten- ant. suceder, happen, go on, take place ; follow, succeed. sucesi6n,/., succession, sucesivamente, successively. suceso, m., event, ocurrence. sucesor, ;;/., successor, sudor, m., perspiration, sweat, suelo, m. t ground, floor, suerte,/., fate; de — , in such a manner, suficiente, sufficient, enough, sufrir, suffer. sujetar, subject, hold down, overcome, sujeto, m., subject; person, in- dividual, sultana, sultaness. suma, /., sum, amount; en — , finally. sumar, add, sum up. sumaria,/., investigation; trial, sumirse, bury oneself (fig) ; be absorbed, overcome, sumo, superl. of superior, the highest, utmost. suntuoso, sumptuous, elabo- rate, superficie,/., surface, super ioridad,/., superiority, supersticion,/., superstition, suplicar, supplicate, beg. suponer, suppose, presume, take for granted. supremo, superl. of superior, supreme, highest. suprimir, suppress ; take away, destroy, surcar, furrow, suspirar, sigh. VOCABULARY suspiro, m. t sigh. susto, m., fright, sustraerse, withdraw from, es- cape, susurro, m., murmur, suyo, his, hers, its ; theirs. Tabla, f, board, panel. tablon, m. t thick plank, board. tacito, tacit, silent. taciturno, taciturn, silent. tal, such, such a one; un — , a certain; con — , provided that ; £qu£ — ? how do you do ? how are things going ? ; — vez, perhaps. talar, long, flowing, (of gar- ments). talento, m., talent, ability. tallar, cut, hew. tambalearse, totter. tambien, also, likewise, too. tampoco, neither. tan, so, to such a degree ; — . , , como, as ... as ; — si- quiera, even. tanto, so much ; such ; en or entre — , meanwhile ; por — , therefore ; — ... como, as much ... as. tapa, /., lid, cover ; — de los sesos, brainpan, cranium. tarde, adj., late; — que tem- * prano, sooner or later. tarde, f., afternoon; early part of evening. tarea,/., task. tartamudear, stammer, stutter, mutter. tea,/., torch. teatro, m. 9 theater; scene of ac- tion. techo, m., roof; ceiling. tel6grafo, m., telegraph ; tele- graphic message. temblar, tremble. temblor, m., tremor, trembling. temer, be afraid, fear. temerario, rash, hazardous. temeridad, /., temerity, rash- ness, boldness. temeroso, fearful, fearing. temor, m., fear. tempestad,/., tempest, storm. templo, m., temple, church. temporalmente, temporarily. temprano, early ; tarde que — , sooner or later. tender, stretch, unfold. tener, have, hold ; no — para que, have no reason for; — frio, be cold; — hambre, be hungry ; — raz6n, be right ; — que, must, be obliged; — seis anos, be six years of age. Also as an auxiliary instead of haber. teniente, w., lieutenant. tenor, m., tenor, mood. tentador, tempting. tentar, try, tempt. tenue, thin, meagre. tenir, tinge, color. tercero, third. terminar, terminate, finish, end, complete. tennino, m., end. ternura, /., tenderness, affec- tion. terrenal, earthly. terrestre, terrestrial, earthly. terrible, terrible. territorio, m,, territory. terror, m., terror, fright. tesoro, m., treasure, fortune. testamento, m., testament, last will. testigO, m., witness. teZyf, complexion. tibio, warm. tiempo, m., time. tierno, tender. tierra,/., earth, land, country. VOCABULARY J 53 tigre, m., tiger. tijera,/., scissors. timidamente, timidly. tinieblas,/., darkness. tintero, m., inkstand. tio, m.y uncle. tipo, m., type. tirante, restraining, checking. tirar, draw, pull ; fire, shoot. tiro, m., shot. titulo, m. y title. tobillo, m., ankle. tocar, touch ; — a, concern. todavia, still, yet, as yet. todo, each, every ; When fol- lowed by the def. art. in the sing: the whole, in pi: all; — el que, every one who. tole, m., hue and cry ; tomar el — , go away. tomar, take ; Imper. as exclam : indeed ! really ! tomillo, m., thyme. tono, m. t tone. tonteria,/., folly, foolish ac- tion. toque, m., sound of a bell, . knell ; military signal. tormenta,/"., storm, tempest. tormento, m., torture. tornar, return, come back. torno, m., turning around; en — suyo, about him. toro, m., bull. torpe, dull, stupid. torpeza,/., folly, stupidity. torre,/., tower. torrente, m., torrent. tosco, rude, crude, coarse. tostar, roast. total, total, complete. totalmente, totally, completely. trabajar, work. trabajo, m., work, labor; pi., hardships. trabajosamente, laboriously, with difficulty. trabuco, m., blunderbuss, gun. tradici6n,/., tradition. tradicional, traditional. traer, bring, carry; carry on. tragedia,/., tragedy. tragico, tragic. traje, m., dress, clothing. tramontar, pass over a moun- tain. tranquilamente, quietly, calmly. tranquilidad, /., tranquillity, calmness. tranquilizar, calm, quiet, tranquilo, calm, quiet. transacci<5n, /., transaction ; agreement, understanding. transcurrir, pass by, elapse. transeunte, m., passer by. transitable, passable {of roads). transfigurar, transfigure. transmitir, transmit, convey. transparencia,/., transparency. trapo, m. t rag, tatter; a todo — , with all energy. tras, after. trasladar, transport, convey. tratar, treat; se trata, the question is. trato, m., treatment, manner. traves, a or al — , through, across. treinta, thirty. tremendo, tremendous. tr^mulo, tremulous. trenza,/., braid, tress. trepar, climb. tres, three. tribuna,/., stand. tributar, offer tribute; yield, grant. tripulaci6n,/., crew. triste, sad, doleful, mournful. tristemente, sadly. tristeza,/., sadness. triunfador, m., one who tri- umphs, victor. triunfar, triumph. tronco, m., tree-trunk. x 54 VOCABULARY tropa,/, troops. trueno, m., thunder. tu, your {familiarly). tli, thou, you {familiarly). tumbaga,/., ring. tunecino, coming from Tunis. turbaci6n, /., disturbance, trouble, turbar, disturb, trouble. turno, m., turn. U U, or. Used instead of 6 before words beginning with o or ho. ultimo, ultimate, final, last. un, una, a, an;//, some. uno, one. unigenito, m., only son. unanime, unanimous, unico, only, uniforme, m., uniform, unir, unite, combine, universo, m., universe; world. urna,/., urn. usar, use; wear, uso, m.j use. util, useful. Vacilaci6n, /., hesitation. vacilante, hesitating; tottering. vacio, empty, hollow. vagar, wander aimlessly. vago, vague, indefinite, indis- tinct. valer, be worth, have value. valiente, valiant, brave. valle, m. t valley. vamos f pres. ind. or subj. ir. As exclam: well! come! vanidad,/., vanity. vano, vain, futile. vapor, m., vapor, mist; pi., fancy, hallucination. vara,/., yard (a measure). variante, m., variation, modi- fication. varios, various, several, dif- ferent. var6n, m., man. vasallo, m., vassal. vaso, m., glass. vasto, vast. vaticinio, m., prophecy, predic- tion. vaya, pres. subj., ir; As excla??i: come ! you don't say ! vecindad,/., vicinity. vecino, m., neighbor. vedar, forbid. veinte, twenty. veintiocho, twenty-eight. veintiuno, twenty-one. vejez,/., old age. vela,/., candle. velar, veil. velo, m., veil. veloz, swift, quick, fast, rapid. vena,/., vein. vencedor, m. y conqueror. vender, sell. veneno, m., poison. veneraci6n,/., veneration. vengar, avenge. venir, come; — a tierra, fall down. ventaja,/., advantage. ventana,/., window. ventisca,/., high wind, storm. Ventura,/., good fortune. ver, see ; i a ver ? what is that ? verano, m., summer. veras,/, sincerity, truth; a — , truly; profesar a — , pro- nounce final vows. verdad, /., truth ; es — , it is true. verdadero, true, real. verdugo, m., hangman, execu- tioner. vergiienza,/, shame. verificar, verify; — se, take place. VOCABULARY J 55 vertigo, 7H., dizziness. vestir, clothe, dress. vez,/., time {with regard to rep- etition of an action); alguna — , sometimes; a mi — , in my turn ; de — en cuando, once in a while, occasionally ; otra — , once more, again ; tal — , perhaps. via,/., way; — de dolor, way of the cross. viaje, m., journey. vibora,/., viper, snake. vicio, m., vice, fault; — de con- formacion, defect of form, malformation. victima,/., victim. victoria,/., victory. victorioso, victorious. vida,/., life. vidriera,/., window-pane. viejo, old, aged. viernes, #&., Friday; — santo, Good Friday. Til, vile, abject; despicable. villa,/., village. [rude. villano, rustic ; impolite, coarse, vincular, bequeathe. vino, m., wine. [wine. vinoso, winey, made hoarse by violencia,/., violence. virgen, /., virgin; — de los Dolores, Virgin of Sorrows. virrey, m., viceroy. virtud,/., virtue. visible, visible, evident. , visi6n,/., vision. visita,/., visit. visitar, visit. vista, /., sight; a primera — , at a glance. visto, p.p. ver; — que, since, in as much as, in view of the fact. vitor, bravo, hurrah. vitorear, applaud. viuda,/., widow. viveres, m. t provisions, food. vivir, live; ^quienvive? who goes there? (military). vivo, alive, living; lively, vivid; — retrato, exact likeness. volar, fly. voluntad,/., will. voluntario, voluntary. voluptuoso, voluptuous. volver, return, come back ; — la espalda, turn one's back upon; — pies atras, retrace one's steps; — se loco, be- come insane ; when followed directly by an inf?titive it de- notes repetitioi of the action expressed by the inf. and is translated by : again. VOS, you. {polite form in old style). vosotros, you. voz, /., voice; report; — de figle, coarse, deep voice. vuelta, /., return ; walk, prom- enade ; de — , back. vuestro, your, yours. Y. Y, and ; — ... — , both . . . and. ya, already ; with a negative verb: no longer; — lo creo, I should say so ! ; — veis, you can easily see; — . . . — , whether ... or ; — que no, even if not. yacer, lie. yegua,/., mare, horse. yo, I. Zafio, coarse, uneducated. zaga,/., a position behind any- thing ; ir en — , go after, re- main behind. zalameria,/, flattery, cajolery, insipid compliment. zarcillo, /»., ear-ring. zorra,/, fox. Ibeatb's /IDo&ern ^Language Series* SPANISH. GaldoS'S Marianela. Notes and vocabulary by Prof. Geddes and Prof. Josselyn of Boston University. Edgren's Spanish Grammar. Gives all the grammer needed for correct and in- telligent reading. Cloth. 168 pages. 80 cts. Ford's Exercises in Spanish Composition. By Dr. J. D. M. Ford of Harvard University. Cloth. 52 pages. 30 cts. 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Edited by Professor Spiers, with Intro- duction by Professor Cohn of Columbia University. 40 cts. Halevy's L'Abbe Constantin. Edited with notes by Professor Thomas Logie. 30 cts. With vocabulary, 40 cts. Thier's Expedition de Bonaparte en Egypte. With notes by Professor C. Fabregou, College of the City of New York. 25 cts. Gaatier's Jettatura. With introduction and notes by A. Schinz, Ph.D. of Bryn Mawr College. 30 cts. Guerber's Marie-Louise. With notes ?s cts. Ibeatb's /IDo&ern Xanguage Series* INTERMEDIATE FRENCH TEXTS. (Partial List.) Lamartine's Scenes de la Revolution Francaise. With notes by Pro- fessor Super of Dickinson College. 30 cts. Lamartine's Graziella. With introduction and notes by Professor F. M. Warren of Yale University. 35 cts. Lamartine's Jeanne d'Arc. Edited by Professor Barrere, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England. 30 cts. Michelet : Extraits de l'hisjoire de France. With notes by Dr. C. H. C. Wright, Harvard University. 30 cts. Victor Hugo's La Chute. From Les Miserables. Edited with notes by Professor Huss of Princeton. 25 cts. Victor Hugo's Bug Jargal. With notes by Professor Boielle of Dulwich College, England. 40 cts. Champfleury's Le Violon de Faience. W T ith notes by Professor Clovis Bevenot, Mason College, England. 25 cts. Gautier's Voyage en Espagne. With notes by H. C. Steel. 25 cts. Balzac's Le Cure de Tours. With notes by Professor C. R. Carter, Wel- lington College, England. 25 cts. Balzac : Cinq Scenes de la Comedie Humaine. With notes by Professor B. W. Wells. 40 cts. Daudet's Le Petit Chose. Abridged, with notes by Professor O. B. Super. 30 cts. Daudet's La Belle-Nivernaise. W T ith notes by Professor Boielle of Dul- wich College, England. 25 cts. Theuriet's Bigarreau. Notes by C. Fontaine, Washington, D.C. 25 cts. Musset: Trois Comedies. Notes and introduction by Dr. Kenneth McKenzie, Yale University. 30 cts. Maupassant: Huit Contes Choisis. With notes by E. M. W T hite, High School, Worcester, Mass. 25 cts. Advanced Selections for Sight Translation. Extracts, twenty to fifty lines long, compiled by Mme. T. F. Colin, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 15 cts. Dumas's La Question d'Argent. Comedy edited by G. N. Henning, Professor of French, Columbian University. 7,0 cts. Lesage's Gil Bias. Abbreviated and edited with notes by Professor San- derson of Yale University. 40 cts. Sarcey's Le Siege de Paris. Introduction and notes by Professor I. K. B. Spiers of William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia. 35 cts. About's La Mere de la Marquise (Brush). 40 cts. Chateaubriand's Atala (Kuhns). 00 cts. Erckmann's-Chatrian's Le Juif Polonais (Manley). 2 cts - Feuillet's Le Roman d'un jeune homme pauvre (Bruner). 55 cts. Labiche's La Cagnotte (Farnsworth). 25 cts. La Brete's Mon Oncle et Moc Cure (Colin). 30 cts. Meilhac and Halevy's L'Ete' de la St.-Martin (Francois). 00 cts. Voltaire's Zadig (Babbitt). 00 cts. Ibeatb's fl&o&ern Xanguage Series* FRENCH TEXTS. (Partial List.) De Vigny's Cinq Mars (Sankey). Abbreviated. 70 cts. Zola's La Debacle (Wells). Abbreviated. 70 cts. Choix d'Extraits de Daudet (Price). 20 cts. Sept Grands Auteurs du XlXe Siecle. Lectures in easy French on Lamar- tine, Hugo, de Vigny, de Musset, Gautier, Merimee, Coppee, by Professor Fortier of Tulane University. 60 cts. French Lyrics (Bow-en; . 60 cts. Lamartine's Meditations (Curme). 75 cts. Loti's Pecheur d'Islande (Super). 30 cts. Loti's Ramuntcho (Fontaine). 30 cts. Renan's Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeunesse (Babbitt). 75 cts. Beaumarchais's Le Barbier de Seville (Spiers). 25 cts. Hugo's Hernani (Matzke). 60 cts. Hugo's Les Miserables (Super). Abridged. 80 cts. Hugo's Ruy Bias (Garner). 65 cts. Racine's Andromaque (Wells). 30 cts. Racine's Athalie (Eggert). 30 cts. Racine's Esther (Spiers). 30 cts. Corneille's Le Cid (Warren). 30 cts. Corneille's Cinna (Matzke). 30 cts. Corneille's Horace (Matzke). 30 cts. Corneille's Polyeucte (Fortier). 30 cts. Moliere's L'Avare (Levi). 35 cts. Moliere's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Warren). 30 cts. Moliere's Le Misanthrope (Eggert). 30 cts. Moliere's Les Femmes Savantes (Fortier). 30 cts. Moliere's Le Tartuffe (Gasc). 25 cts. Moliere's Le Medecin Malgre Lui (Gasc). 15 cts. Moliere's Les Precieuses Ridicules (Toy). 25 cts. Piron's La Metromanie (Delbos). 40 cts. Warren's Primer ot French Literature. An historical handbook. 75 cts. Taine's Introduction a l'Histoire de la Litterature Anglaise. With essay . tine by Irving Babbitt, Harvard University. 20 cts. Duval's Histoire de la Litterature Francaise. In easy French. From present. Ji'.oo. Voltaire's Prose. Selected and edited by Professors Cohn and Woodward niversity. £1.00. French Prose of the XVIIth Century. Selected and edited by Professor Warm La Triade Francaise. Poems of Lamartine, Musset, and Hugo, with in- troductions and not 1 I y L. I'.oth-Hendiiksen. 75 cts. p-