Class _ ^6 ^^_ , liool. ^ 59th Congress I 2d Session ( SENATE I Document I No. 404 Arthur Pue Gorman iLate a Sijiialor from Maryfandi MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Fifty-ninth Congress Second Session SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES February 1, 1907 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 2, 1907 Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing WASHINGTON : : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : : 1907 ;. f / "/ 6^ ' ''-^1 E8 21 ISC] D. or a TABLE ( )K CONTENTS. Proceedings in the Senate S Prayer by Rev. I'lysse.s (i. B. Pierce 5. 7 .\ddress of Mr. Rayner, of Maryland . 9 .\ddress of Mr. .\ldrich, of Rhode Island 21 Address of Mr. Clay, of Georgia 24 .\ddress of Mr. Hale, of Maine 35 .\ddre.ss of Mr. Culloni, of Illinois _V*^ .\ildress of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 45 .■\ddre.ss of Mr. Krye, of Maine 51 .address of Mr. ( )vernian, of North Carolina 53 -Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina 5.S .\ddress of Mr. Whyte, of Maryland 64 Proceedings in the House 66 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden 68 .■\ddre.ss of Mr. Talbott, of Maryland 71 .\ddress of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois 77 .\ddress of Mr. Clark, of Missouri 81 .\ddress of Mr, .Smith, of Maryland .S7 .\ddress of Mr. Living.ston, of Georgia . .S9 .\ddress of ;\Ir. Clayton, of Alabama . 90 Addre.ss of Mr. Towne, of New York 94 .\ddress of Mr. Byrd, of Mi.ssissippi 103 .\ddress of Mr. ( "roulden, of New York 110 .\ddress of Mr. Gill, nf Maryland 112 Death of Senator Arthur P. Gorman PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE Monday, June /, igo6. Rev. I'lysses G. B. Pierce, of tlie city of Washington, offered the f(.)llo\ving prayer: We come into Thy presence, our Father, with hearts veiled with sorrow. But it is not as if Thy Un-e were taken from us or Thy power had failed, for we are still Th\- children, Thou still our Father. Renew our days as of old. Cause the li^ht of Th\' counte- nance to .shine upon us. Let Thy grace strengthen ns, and through the cloud lead us into the light that never was on land or .sea. vSo, our F'ather, wilt thou turn our mourning into joy and (lur tears into thanksgiving. Amen. Mr, Bailey. Mr. President, in the absence of the surviving Senator from Maryland, it becomes my painful duty to announce the deatli of Senator Gorman. The end which awaits us all found him this morning. At his residence in this city, sur- roiuided by his stricken family, he passed from the strife and bitterness of this world to the peace and rest of a better one, I would ask the .Senate to honor his long and faithful service as a riiember of this body by holding a public funeral in the Senate Chamber except for the fact that he has left instruction that his burial shall be a simple one. In obedience to his 6 Ahiiiiiridl .lihlri-ssis : Arthur /'. (inninrii v\isht-s, I forbear to make an_\- request further thau to ask the adopliou of the resohitions which I send to the desk. At some later time Senator Ra>ner, who learned of Senator Gok.man's death when it was too late for him to reach the Chamlier for this morning's session, will ask us to set apart a da\ upon which the Senate will pay a fitting tribute to the memory and ser\'ices of our deceased associate. The \'ick-Pkksii)Knt. The Secretary will read the resolu- tions suhmitteil li\- the Senator from Texas. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: A'i\\(i/:',i/, Tli.it the SL-Tiatt- lias heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. .\RTHrR PcK <'.oK.M.\N, late a Senator from the vState of Maryland. /\fsiil:'t\!. That a cunnnittee of .seventeen Senators be appointed by the Vice-President tn take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. GoR- M.\N, wliich will take place at his late residence, Thur.sdav, June 7, at ii o'clock, and that the .Senate will attend the same. /\'t-iol:vd. That as a further mark of respect that his remains be removed from liis late home to the place of iuternient in Oak Hill Cemeterv for l)urial, in charge of the Serj:;eant-at-Arms, attended by the committee, who shall have full power to carry these resolutions into effect: and that till- necessary expen.ses in connection therewith be paid out of the con- tingent fund of the Senate. A'(V('/:vi/, That the Secretary ctmnnunicate a copy of these resolutions to tile House of Representatives. The \'lCE-PKEsn)EN'T. The question is on agreeing to the rescjlntions read by the Secretary-. The resolutions were inianimousl\ agreed to. The \"ick-President appointed as the committee, under the second resolution, Mr. Ra>-ner, Mr. Allison, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Hale, Mr. Aldrich, Mr, Teller, Mr. (iallinger, Mr. Hlkiiis, Mr. Martin, Mr. Tillman, Mr. Cla\ , Mr. .Spooner, Mr. Keau, Mr. ]?ailey, Mr. Hlackburn, Mr. Clark of Montana, and Mr. C)verman. Mr. H.xiLEV. Mr. President, as a mark of further re.spect to the memory of Senator Cokm.xx, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The niotiiiii waN ai;reecl to; and (at 12 oclock and 10 iiiimiles p. 111. ) the Senate adjournetl until td-niorrow, Tues(_la\', June 5. 1906, at 12 o'clnck meridian. Tl'KSD.VV. /////(• 5, f'ji>6, A niessajJe fr(ini the House of Representatives, 1)\- Mr. W. J. ]^>ro\vninv;, its Chief Clerk, transmitted to the Senate the reso- lutions uf the Hou.se on the death of Hon. Akthtk Puk CrdKiM.w, late a Senator from the .State of Mar>-land. The message also announced that the .Speaker of the House had appointed Mr. J. Fred C. Talhott, Mr. John Cdll, jr.; Mr. Thomas A. Smith, of Maryland; Mr. Sydney E. Mudd, Mr. Frank C. W'achter, Mr. George A. Pearre, Mr. John S. Williams, Mr. Leonidas F. Livingston, Mr. Thomas 15. Davis, of West Virginia; Mr. vSamuel M. Robertson, Mr. John A. Moon, of Tennessee- Mr. John H. Stephens, of Texas; Mr. C L. P.artlett, Mr. J. W. Babcock, Mr. Theodore I{. Uurton, of ( )lii(:: Mr. James M. (Vriggs, and Mr. John F'. Rixev, mem- bers (if the committee on the part of the House to attend the funeral. Wkdxksii.w, Jiiiu- ^. iQ('f>. Mr. H.vi.K. -Mr. Presitleiit, in view of the funeral of the late .Senator from Mar\land to-morrow, I move that when the .Senate adjourns to-dav it he to meet at 2 o'clock to-morrow. The motion was agreed to. Thi'KSDAY, /««<■ 7, i(jo6. The .Senate met at 2 o'clock p. m. Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, of the city of Washington, offered the foll<:)wing prayer: From the house of sorrow, our Father, we come to the house of lal)or. So doth Thou lead us from the things to be borne to the things to be done. And as'Thou hast given us Thy grace 8 Memorial .Addresses : .Irtliur P. (loriiiaii luimhh- to bow Ijefore Thy good providence, so we beseech Thee vouchsafe unto us Thy strength, that we may steadfastly lay hold of Thy purposes till Thy kingdom shall come and Thy will be done on earth, even as it is in heaven, Anien. Tm'KSDAV, /mniarv J , 'Q'lJ. Mr. Rayxhk. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that on Saturda>'. January 26, 1907, inunediateh- after the routine morn- ing business, I shall ask the Senate to consider resolutions in connnemoration of the life, character, and pul)lic services of my late colleague, Hon. Akthuk Pik (h)r.m.\x. Fkid.vy, fanuarv ^j, iqoj. Mr. R.WNKK. Mr. President, I desire to gi\'c notice that on next Friday. Feljruary i, at half past 2 o'clock, I will submit resciluticins coniniemorative y virtue of his long experience and sagacity occupied a mo.st prominent position amongst its foremost men. He pos.se.ssed to a remark- able degree the qttalifications of political leadership. The question is often asked, What are the constituent ele- ments that constitute the.se qualifications? This is a difficult cjuestion to answer. Political leaders in a great degree resemble all other leaders in the various walks of war and peace — in the professions, in literature, and in the ranks of commercial enter- prise and business activity. They are born, not made. A man, 9 lo McDioria/ .LMrcssfs: ArlJiiir /'. Gorman if he has the talent for this vocation, may cultivate and de\-elop it. Init I have never believed that he could create it. It is a ])ecnliar u;ift that is made up of so man3- parts that tlie absence of any one of them wdidd fail to produce the whole. The entire combination in its natural and delicate proportions must exist in order to bring about the effect that is known as leadership. It is a power of mind and singularity of temperament united. Senator (tOkm.\x, at an early age. appeared upon the politi- cal arena and he received his training from the masters of the art. His preceptors were the formidable chieftains of the ear- lier days who formulated great political principl&s and pioneered the way through the wilderness often without any guide or compass to direct them upon their journey. Parly lines were then closelx' drawn, and the first le.s.son that Senator (rOKMAX learned was the lesson of discipline. He carried it through life with him. It is very difficult fur anyone to era.se impres- sions that have thus been stamped upon him, and the instruc- tions tliat we receive and the opinions we form and the conx'ic- tions we acquire as our intellectual faculties are being ileveloped, as a rule, become indelible in our niaturer N-ears. C)ur political sentimeuts are generally bequeathed to us, and even our religious faith comes to us from the remotest ancestry-. In our beliefs, as well as in our habits, we are ofteu the subjects of a fate as unbending and inexorable as the laws of nature. Senator Gorm.vn was trained in a school in which party loyalty was the alphabet and the curricuhnn and the test and passport for honor and promotion. He was naturally a mau of positive purpose and of remarkable power of will, but he always believed in the doctrine that the party was greater than the individual, and if there was a difference of opinion it was the duty of the iudi\idual to surrender and sacrifice his own \iews at the altars of his party lo>aIt\- and allegiance. At the time when he first Address of' Mr. Ray iter, ofMary/aiid ii Ijccaiuc jnomiiieiitl)- active in part\' affairs, all ihe threat jioliti- cal leaders were iinlmed with these ideas and had been the dis- ciples of that school. At present the political tide has changed and there is a vast liody of independent voters in this country wild fluctuate according to the men and measures that are presented to their suffrages. Citizens with these proclivities work to a greater advantage in State and numicipal politics than they do in national con- troversies, and we nuist all admit that their influence has heeii producti\'e of the greatest good in the various communities in which they appear. One thing is certain, however, and that is, in time of heated part\" conflict a party to succeed must have di.scipline, organization, and leadership, and it was in tlie heat of party conflict that Senator (xORMAN exhibited his talents and accomplishments. When others became disconcerted he preserved his equanimity, and by his unruffled demeanor and his undisturbed self-pos.session infu.sed courage and confidence amon.g his followers, and at times when defeat seemed immi- nent and his supporters were discouraged and di.smayed and his hosts were trembling, his gift of leadership appeared to the best advantage. He may have felt doubtful about the result; he may have clearly jierceived that there was danger threaten- ing, but if these thoughts occupied his mind, he never betra\-ed them, and he never disclosed them. e\-en t'('i\ ofMarylanti 13 ureatest triumph. At one of the larjjest political meetings held in our State during the last Congressional canvass the mention of his name elicited as much applause from the ranks of the party as if his living figure had stood before the asseml)lage. He always believed in the precept, " The friends thou hast and their adoption tried, grapple them to th>- soul with hooks of steel." His force was that of attraction and not of repulsion. With- out being demon.strative, his bearing was at all times genial, his carriage and intercour.se with his fellow-men were without the .slightest pomp or pageantr>-, and he was always access- ible to the humblest one of his con.stituents. He never sat in state, and he gathered no delight whatever from displa> or ostentation. He had too nuich wisdom for pride or \-anily or exaltation. X'anit)- is generally the attribute of weak minds and of persons who glide along the surface — those who are thoughtful and profound are as a rule humble and lowl\-. .Some one said of Francis Bacon that he was fraught with all the learning of the past and almost prescient of the future, but too wise not to know his weakness and too philo.sophic not to feel his ignorance. Mr. CiORM.'\N was devoted to his work in the Senate. He had dedicated to it the best years and energies of his life and had thoroughly understood and mastered it. Senators who served with him up(.)n committees here will bear testimon\- to his faith- ful attention to the duties that devolved upon him, his untiring industry, his assiduous consideration of ever>- practical problem that was submitted to him, his capacity for constructive legisla- tion, the analytical methods that he pursued in his work, and the experience that he brought to play in dealing with imjior- tant (juestions of governmental exjienditures, and his faculty- of sunnnarizing propositions upon this floor in a manner that made them easily comprehended. 14 Mcitinrial . Iiyc/rcssrs : Artliiir /'. (ioriiiaii W'lit-n we think ol it, his career was a remarkable one. He had risen from an humble position in this Ijody to the highest and most commanding station. It was not the extraneous influence of good fortune that had \-isited upon him the suc- cessive preferments that lie received, nor did he claim the advantage of a great ancestral line from whom he might have derived the heritage of honor and fame. He advanced from ])lace to place, first in the general as.semV)ly, then to the leader- ship of the j)arty organization in his State, then to the Senate here, and his leadership of Ids party, and then to the ccinuiiand of his party forces in the country, simply because he possessed the j)ower and the (inalifications that entitled him to these distinctions. These ])laces were not .gifts to him, nor awarded to him becau.se of an\- seniority of service in ranks of his part},-, nor in accordance with any rule, custom, or usage, but because it was discerned by those who knew him Ije.st and were fullv capable of judging of his merits that he had the natural quali- fications to successfully perform the.se important functions, and in his jialnu'days he never disappointed his followers and ne\-er fell below the expectations that were entertained of him. If I were asked to select the most important service that our lamented friend rendered to his party beyond these halls I would refer to the part he took in the election of Mr. Cleveland for President. His tirele.ss and ince.ssant work \\\mm this occa- sion will be long remembered — that is to say, it should be remembered. I do not believe that at a time of this sort it is jiroper to indulge in undue adulation of tho.se who.se memorv we are honoring or to bestow exaggerated prai.se abo\-e what merit calls for, and I am sure that vSenator CxOKM.ax, if he were lixing, would not appreciate any laudator}- statements (.)f an\- services that he had ever performed, either for his part\- or his country, that he was not fully entitled to. I will, therefore. .-IMrcss (//' J/r. /\aviifi\ of MaiyliUid 15 not say that liis efforts elected Mr. Clevelaiul to the PresiileiiC)-, but I will, without hesitation, say that he did more than any other single individual toward the consummation of that vic- torv. He was an untiring worker when he a])plied himself to the accomplishment of any purpose that he had in view — cov- ering every detail of the prcj.Lcramme before him and not over- looking the slightest minuti;e that could Ijc of an}- advantage to him whatever. In this contest he had before him a political .geograjthy of the United States, with all of its territory and en\-ironment. He studied every State, cit>-, and di.strict where there was a hope of Democratic success. He kept in constant ^•iew every stronghold of his own party and every weak and unprotected point in the fortifications of the enemy. He permitted no spot to escajie him where it was possible to make an inroad upon the po.sse.ssions of the foe. He brought him.self into personal contact with all the party leaders all over the land. He dis- missed from his consideration every place where success was impossible and effected a thorough organization in all jilaces where there was a hope of victory. It was an enormous work of immense proportions, and the result demon.strated that in its prosecution and its triumphant termination he simply out- generaled the chieftains of the Repulilican ])art>', and workin.g at a disadvantage against them overcame them by the craft and skill of his political leadership. Of course, the Democratic ho.sts were with him, and the independent vote of the country was really the balance of power that decided the contest, but beyond it all was a thorough and ])erfect organization, disci- ciplined and marshaled by vSenator Gormax. If I were asked to name the most valuable service that lie rendered to his part\' — and I Itelieve to the country — in the Senate, I would immediatelv select his memorable work in l6 Mcuiorial Addresses: Arthur P. norinaii counectiou with the defeat of the measure known as the force bill in the Fift3--first Congress. I think the Republican Sen- ators upon this floor have long ago arrived at the conclusion that the passage of this bill would have been detrimental to the best interests of the people. Whatever diiTerences of opinion existed at the time in connection therewith when partv .spirit ran high, it is my judgment now that the result of the great .struggle has been accepted as final by the intelligence and ])atriotism of the Repulilican jiarty. At the time, however, it was as fierce a conflict as ever engaged the attention of the country, and with the fate of the enactment trembling in the balance during many months there was a period of greafe^jpite- ment, and party sentiment was aroused to an inten.se degree, and int(j this conflict Senator (rOK.M.\x threw himself with an earne.stness of purpo.se that can never be forgotten. He was the leader of his party in that contest, and if it had not Ijeen for his devotion to the cause he was championing, for his parliamentar\- skill in the resourceful attacks which he made when defeat seemed certain, and for the restless labor he underwent throughout the wearisome days of that momentous period, we might to-day, instead of having the vSouth united in the interest of the l"nion and pervaded by a spirit of patriotism as earnest and as ardent as any that tlirobs in the heart of an\- other section of this country, have every one of her Connnon- wealths submerged in ruin and disaster, with their spirits broken, their enterprise retarded, and their entire territor\-, with the glorious progress that awaits it, con\-erted into a deso- lated and subjugated political province. I desire to refer now to one of the qualities of his private life which deserves mention. I have been informed b\- friends of Senator Gokm.\n, wIk) were upon terms of the closest intimacy with him. that, while he did not indulge in a.\\\ ostentatious Address ofMr. Rayinr, of Maryland 17 acts of philanthrop> , he was constantl\- engaged in acts of private l)enevolence and charity, and that any appeal of poverty or of suffering always awakened his tenderest sympathy and his ready response. This is the heart and essence of true religion. When the time arrives for lis to take a final reck- oning with our life and balance the account, deeds like this are of more priceless value than all the accomplishments of ambition and all the achievements of fortune and fame, and all the possessions of power and of worldly glory and renown. For modes of faith let graceless zealots fight: His can't be wrong whose life is in the right. I come now briefly to another phase of Senator Gokbian's life which I shall pa.ss over tenderly, because I think it is too sacred for intrusioii, even upon an occa.sion of this .sort. The best impulses of his heart seemed to radiate around the glare of his fireside and the circle of his famih". His hap- piest and most contented hours were passed among those to whom he was bound b>- the bonds of affection and for whose comfort and well-being he was at all times prepared to make any .sacrifice invoked by love or dut)'. He found but slight amu.sement and took only a passing interest in the pleasures of the world, and he centered his deepest devotion upon the altar of his home, and his fondest hopes clustered around tho.se who looked to him for aid and for counsel as they grew to manhood and womanhood under his fostering care. I believe that if vSenator Gorm.\x at any time would have been required to have taken his choice between the accom- plishment of his own ambition and his duty to tho.se depend- ent upon him he would not have hesitated a moment in making the election. As full of ambition as he was, he would have abandoned the worship of its idols for the idillars and rear its .spires toward the sky. There is no word or phrase in any lan^uayje, dead or li\-- ing. that I know of that carries with it the full significance of the English word "home." It is not capable of transla- tion, or even of definition or interpretation, and I hope, therefore, that the day will never come when an\- icouocla.st will change the orthiigraph\- of that An.glo-Saxon term and destroy the memories and imager>- that cluster around its meaning. And now his jiilgrimage is ended and he is in his eternal liomc, where the mystery i-^ unfolded — a m>ster\- that neither philosophy nor .science has ever solved. We have unbosomed the secrets of the earth and expcsed the cycles of geologic time and gazed into re\'olving jjlanets, but we .stand aghast and dumb at the problem of man's creation. W'e can e-\plain from a natural standpoint almost exerything except the most \-ital of them all, and that is the problem of our exi.stence. Upon this subject we can gather as much information from the unlet- tered .savage as we can from the profoinidest thought that ever dawned upon the earth. The most learned scientist of the present age has written a volume entitled ' ' The Riddle of the I'niverse," in which he has es.sayed modestly to .solve the riddle, and the last pa.ge of this remarkable production leaves us absolutely forlorn, comfortless, and deserted, the human heart without an aspiration, and the univer.se an utter scene of desolation. .■]/Mnss of M)-. I\iiv>iei\ of Maryliiiid 19 The (leniian pllilosoplier, (Tdetlic, thf profniiiKk-st student of liis age, when one of his companions was coniniunicalini;- to ■ him his doubts upon tlie authenticity of re\'ealed rehgion, said, " My friend, give me some faith — I have sufficient doubts of my own without recpiiring them to be supplemented." The c>-nic, Ralielais, exclaimed, "Ring down the curtain; the farce is done." vSpinoza, the outlaw of the synagogue and the great- est of them all, stood like a solitary sentinel upon the confines of the universe in comnuinion with his Creator and constructed a system wliich has made him the idol of the philosophical world. Mr. President, I have pored for years over this cheerless desire of human thought, and while I am a firm l3elie\'er in the aljsolute liberty of thought, I can sa_\ , what has been well .said upon another occasion, that \\\\ warm love of genuine liberty has ne\'er chilled me into rel)ellion with its author, and so I be- lieve it was with our departed friend. That is the impression he left on me upon the last occasion when I met him. I questioned him then in regard to his health and, wliile I had the gloomiest forebodings of the mortal malady that seemed to encom])ass him within its grasp, I was extremely careful not to conuniniicate m\- thoughts, or to give him the slightest evidence of w\\ feelings in that regard. He was a man of courage, and when he informed me that his physician had admonished him that his heart was seriously and perhaps fatally involved, one of the most beautiful of all jwetic thoughts came speedily t" m\- mind, becau.se it was so ajipro- proiate t(j the occasion, that: I )ur lie.irts though stout and brave, Still like muffled drum.s are beatiuj; I'uneral marches to the grave. I am told that he met death as he had pas.sed through many critical vicissittides of his acti\e and remarkable career, with 20 .\/rii/(iir CDinposuri.-, with resignation, with fortitude, and with liope. The chamber of death always presents a scene of .sorrow and often of despair, but penetrating the gloom there is a conviction more potent than all the ])rocesses of reasoning, that this can not be a finality in Creation's work, and that the soul can not perish when the chords and keys that gave it utterance are broken. Reason as we will, this belief, as the years go by, becomes a sacred and a divine inspiration, an inspiration that grows stronger and stronger as the frail tenement that contains it weakens and di.ssolves until, at the vers- moment of dissolu- tion, in ever\- life consecrated to .some sublime and lofty purpose, it blazes forth and penetrates into distant realms with all the radiance of the morning sini. Addi'css of Mr. AltU-icli, of Rhode Island 21 Address of Mr. Aldrich, of Rhode Island Mr. Prksidknt: Mr. Gorman was a member tjf the Senate for twenty-one years, and for a greater portion of this time lie was the acknowledged and re.spoii.sible leader of his partj' in this Chamber. Nature made him a leader of men. This was shown not only by the character of his influence and .services liere, but b}^ his ab.soliite domination for a generation of the acts and policies of his jiarty in Maryland and by the conspicuous position which he long held in national Democratic councils. His successful management of the campaign of 18S4, which re- sulted in the election of a Democratic President for the first time in twenty-eight years, gave him his first prominence as a commanding figure in national jwlitics. In each successive campaign thereafter he was the tru.sted adviser alike of candidates and committees. He was three times prominently mentioned as a possible nominee for the Presidency, and many of his friends believe that if it had not l.ieen for the ' lines. At such times his intelligent insight into and broad treatment of public questions commanded the approval alike of his Republican and Democratic colleagues. Xo man ever had a seat in this Chamber who more jealouslj- guarded the rights and prerogatives of the Senate or who had a higher admiration for its hi.story and traditions than the late Senator from Maryland. Coming here as a page in 1S52, \-ery much the larger portion of his mature life was spent within these walls. He knew personall}' mo.st of the great men who have been active in public life for half a centur>". Under such circumstances it is not strange that Senator Gorman's affection for the Senate should have been unusually deep and con.stant. The rules and practices affecting debate and controlling the Address of Mr. . Udn'r/i, of RJiodr Island 23 disposition of business in the Senate are unicnie in their char- acter and are largely observed and enforced b>' unanimous consent. In trying times these conditions require frequent conferences between those who hold responsible positions with reference to the work of the Senate on lioth sides of the Chamber. These consultations nece.ssarih' afford unusual opportunities for the study of personal characteristics. I believe that all of ni>- Republican as.sociates who ha\-e taken an active part in conferences in which Senator Ck)RM.\x appeared as the most important representative of his part>- will agree with me in placing a \-ery high estimate upon the Senator's character as a man and as a legislator. His courtesy was unfailing, his knowledge of precedent unsurpassed, his agreements once made were ke])t with .scrupulous fidelit\-, both in letter and in .spirit. His wisdom, his moderation, his powers of persua.sion have been invaluable in many a threatening emergency in the Senate. My personal relations with Mr. Gorman during all the years of our conunon service were of the most friendh- char- acter, although we rarely found ourselves in agreement upon questions which were purely political in their nature. His personalit)' was very attractive to me, and I believe he was incapable of doing a mean or a dislionorable act. He was fearless in the ad\'ocacy of measures that met his approval, and in conunon with men with positive convictions and the courage to act iqxin them at times he was subjected to .severe criticism on the part of tho.se who failed to agree with him. There was nothing of the time.server or the demagogue in his nature. He ser\'ed his countr\- with abilit\' and fidelit\-, and is fully entitled to be held in grateful memory b\- his felluw-countrvmen. 24 Memorial Addresses : Arthur P. nor)uaii Address of Mr. Clay, of Georgia Mr. President: In the death of Senator Gorman one of the most remarkable men of our country has passed away. He had an extraordinary career, a career that challenged the admiration of the entire country. No public man was more universally beloved in the South than vSenator Gorm.^x. He had been the steadfast friend of the people of the South in the hour of the darkest trial, and we trusted and loved him. Ihiiver- sal sorrow prevailed among our ])e()ple when liis death was an- nounced. We knew we had lost a valuable and faithful friend. Mr. Gorman took his seat in the Senate March 4, iS.Si, and served continuously for eigliteen j'ears. His party was de- feated in Maryland in i.Sy.S, and he retired from the Senate March 3, 1.S99. He only remained in pri\'ate life a short while. Two years later his part}- triumphed iu Maryland, and he returned to the Senate for a fourth term, receiving practi- cally the unanimous vote of his party. He received the con- gratulations of friends on both sides of the Chaml)er, for his colleagues, regardless of party, recognized tlie valuable services he had rendered his country. I only had a casual acquaintance with Senator Gokm.xn before I became a member of the Senate. I was introduced to him by Mr. Crisp, who regarded Mr. Gorman as one of the ablest men in public life. Mr. Crisp said to me that Senator Gorman was a loyal friend, a wise counselor, and a safe leader. At that time the thought never occurred to me that I would .some day be his colleague in this body. Association with Mr. Gorman demonstrated to me that Mr. Crisp had formed a correct judgment as to the worth of this great man. He was one of the noted men of the Senate. Address of Mr. C/ny, of Georgia 25 He began as a page 011 the flour of the Senate and by the force of his own energ>- and talents he l>ecanie the acknowl- edged leader of his party. His career illustrates the possibili- ties of American citizenship. The story of his life, the success he achieved, the good he accomplished, will for all time be an inspiration to the young men of the country. Almost for a quarter of a century his name was intimately associated with the legislative history of the country. On the floor of the Senate he was an attractive figure ; he never spoke to empty benches ; his speeches were short, pointed, forcible, and convincing. He never talked unless he had something to say. He ma.stered his subject before he entered the arena of debate. I became a member of the Senate in March, 1.^97, and con- .sequently .served with Senator Gokman in the >Senate only five years. During this time he frequently participated in the debates and was one of the most attractive .speakers on the floor of the vSenate. The Congressional Record will .show that during his entire Senatorial career he participated in the debates of the Senate on many subjects, including the tariff of 1883-1 888 and 1890, 1893, and 1897; interstate commerce; Chinese immigration; the public printing ; the Canadian fi.sheries ; the building of the Navy ; the Canadian and domestic transportation traffic ; the Treasur\' .surplus ; and, in fact, nearh' every question of importance that came before Congress. When he spoke Senators from both sides of the Chamljer would hasten to their seats, and he would invariably- have a full and attentive audience with him, to stay until he had finished. No Senator spoke to larger audiences than did Senator Gorman. 26 .Ifi-iiion'nl . IiMrrssrs : Artliui- P. CorDiait When we study his ])ublic hfe and appreciate the high order of his talents we can easily understand the influence he exerted over others. He was a man of convictions, sought diligenth- to torni correct conclusions, and was tlioroughl_\' in earnest in debate. He convinced liis hearers that he was right and easiK carried them with him. He used no surplus words ; he spoke briefly, but pointedly, and when he was througli there was little to be .said on his side of the subject. The Democratic part\- has succeeded in only two national campaigns since the civil war. Grover Cleveland was elected President of the United States in i S84 and was the first Demo- cratic President to take the reins of Government since Mr. Buchanan retired from the Presidential office. So con.spicuous and valuable was the part taken by Mr. Gorman in the national campaign of 1S.S4, it was but natural to expect that he would be a powerful factor in shaping the polic\' i.if tile new Administration. As chairman of the national executive connnittee, he was the guiding hand of that remarkable campaign. Hi.s party gave due credit to Isim and attributed the success achieved to his .skillful and faultless management. Such pulilic men as Manning, Bayard, Garland, and Lamar recognized that Mr. Gorji.VN's services in behalf of his j)arty made him the proper person to lead the Administration forces on the floor of the Senate. In fact, the whole country knew that he was the guiding hand that had once more placed Democracy in power. Mr. Gorm.\.n was the recipient of ovations wherever he went at the close of that campaign. It is l)Ut just to say at this time that Mr. Cleveland appreci- ated the valuable ser\-ices the Maryland Senator had rendered in securing his triumphant election, and he enjoyed the confi- dence and friendship of ViX. Cleveland during his first term in office. Address of Mr. C!nv, of Gmrs^ia 27 He was a conspicuous factor in the canipaitjii when Mr. Cleveland was elected the second time. In Mr. Cleveland's last Administration the public soon learned that Mr. Gorman's influence had greatly suffered with the President. Due regard for the truth compels me to say that we have unmi.stakahle evidence that the President would not listen to the advice and counsel of Mr. Gorman during his last Administration. When the truth of history is written the embarrassments and subse- quent overthrow of the Democratic party will be largely attributed to the want of party harmony. Mr. Gorman was entitled to the respect and confidence of the President; he had always been loyal, and had rendered conspicuous service to his party, and his counsel and advice were constantly needed to bring together and harmonize the different elements of the Democratic party to the support of the Administration. At that time there were many antagonistic elements in the party, and Mr. Gorman po.ssessed the happy faculty of adjusting differences and felt anxiety alwut the future harmony of his party. His coun.sel and advice, however, did not prevail, and disastrous results followed. I have always believed that if the wise a!id conservative polic\' advocated by Mr. Gorman had prevailed the different ele- ments in the Democratic party could have been kept together and the party would have been greatly strengthened for future usefulness. Mr. Gorman recognized that two great political parties, each contesting for supremacy, were necessary for the preservation of (jur institutious. Two great political parties, evenly balanced, debating great issues, scrutinizing closely the conduct of each other, insures to the people clean, honest, good government. The po.sition of chairman of the minority conference in the .Senate is one of honor and responsibilit\-. The chairman pre- 28 Moiiorial .Idtirtsses : Artliiir P. Cornian sides over the minority conference and is a recognized leader of the minority. Mr. Gorman was unanimously chosen for this position in 1S89. I hold in m\- hand a clipping from a reputable news- paper, giving an account of his election and valuable ser\-ices as a leader of the minority, including a .statement of the brilliant and successful fight he made again.st the force bill, which I insert as part of my remarks. I have been assured l)v his associates in this Chamber still living of the correctness of this statement of his connection with this jiarliamentary struggle. I do not insert it to revive the unpleasant memories growing out of that contest, but to show the estimate placed upon the services of the distinguished dead in defeating this legislation. The article in.serted is as follows: l"pon the death of Mr. Beck, of Kentucky, in 1889, Mr. Gorm.\n wa.s promptly and unaniniouslr chosen for the position by his Democratic colleagues. The accession of Mr. (.ioRM.\N to the post of active minority leadership was the more gladly hailed by Democratic Senators for the reason that, at the very time of his election, the odious "force bill," which was a source of so much anxiety and fearful apprehension on the part of the southern Democrats, had passed the Hou.se under Speaker Reed's dictatorship and was hanging like a cloud over the deliberations of the Senate, in which the Repuljlicans had a clear majority of eleven votes. In this great emer- gency the Democratic minority placed especial reliance upon their resource- ful leader, whose mettle had already been tried and whose .skill as a par- liamentarian was recognized on both sides of the Chamber. The Republicans introduced two di.stinctive party measures into the Fifty-first Congress— the McKinley tariff bill and the Lodge election law, commonly known as the "force bill." Both had, at the start, the solid support of their party organization, and both were put through the House under the "Reed rules," at the first .session, without the formality of debate or deliberate consideration. The McKinle3- bill also passed the .Senate near the end of the first .session, on September 10, 1S90, after a pro- tracted deljate, in which Mr. Gorm.\n took an active and stronglv antag- onistic position. It passed by a strict party vote, having eleven majority. Its companion measure, the force bill, was allowed to go over to the second Addri'ss of Mr. C/irv, of (icoroia 29 session, because the Democrats threatened to fight it to the bitter end, and the Republicans were compelled to take a recess for the fall campaign. When the second session came together, in December, iSgo, the Re- publicans of the Senate received a renewed partisan impulse to stand together and drive it through as a party measure from two sources first, from the unfavorable trend shown by the fall elections, and, second, by a vigorous advocacy of its early passage in the message of President Harri- son. Accordingly the measure was taken up on the first day of the ses- sion, all other things being put aside, and pressed with all the energj- and parliamentary skill known to the skillful parliamentarians of the majority of the Senate. The McKinley bill had received eleven majority a few months earlier, and the advocates of the force bill calculated that its com- panion measure would have the same backing, if it could be brought to a vote. This was probably true. Senator Hoar, one of the most accomplished parliamentarians of the Senate, was in charge of the bill, and he had for his active aids and con- stant coadjutors Jlr. .\ldrich, Mr. Edmunds, and all the mo.st skillful lawyers and managers of the majority. Against this compact, aggressive, and determined force stood the solid Democratic strength of the Senate, resolved to fight to the bitter end. They were helpless in their weakness, if the question came to an early vote, and it looked to the whole country, and to many of the minority Senators themselves, that they were leading an utterly forlorn hope. Their only hope lay in their staving off a vote by a skillful use of the liberal rules of the Senate and of the general prin- ciples of parliamentary law, until a change in the sentiment of the country might break the solidity of the Republican column. Thus was the alignment drawn for one of the greatest parliameutarj- battles ever known. The contest was an unequal one otherwise than in numbers, for although the Democratic minority possessed a fine array of oratorical and debating talent, the Republicans had the decided advan- tage in parliamentary experience and skill. The Democrats relied largely, in fact almost exclusively, in the matter of tactical skill upon their strong, vigilant, and well-balanced leader, or, as Senator Bayard had expressed it, "the quiet, self-sustaining, and self-sustained man whom Maryland has given to the Union." Mr. GoRM.^N was the equal in parliamentary and tactical skill of any man on the Repuljlican side, and, as the result showed, the superior of them all. The greatest inspiration of the minority during the seven long weeks of the bitter and exhausting struggle was the serene and perfect confidence of their leader, who never for a moment entertained the idea of defeat. This splendid spirit of confident aggressiveness was marked upon bj' all, and communicating itself to the whole minority added much to their esprit de cor|js. It also seemed to perplex and confound the majority and had its effect upon the observant country-. Democratic Senators, inter- preting the force bill as a measure designed for the reinstatement and per- 30 MiDiorial Addresses : Arthur P. Goriuaii petuatiou of nej^ro cioiniiialioii in tilt South, put their whole souls into the contest, and. realizing the necessity of perfect discipline to accomplish their ends, conceded much to the discretion and judgment of their appointed leader. Rarely has a parliamentary leader been invested with such complete command as was Senator CtORMAn during the memorable battle. Old employees of the Senate relate incidents of the leading and distinguished Southern Senators applying to the chairman of the minority conference to know if it was advisable for them to go down to the restaurant on the floor below- for lunch, and reporting whenever they temporarily withdrew from the Chamber where they might be found in an eniergenc}-. The first test of strength came on the first day of the session, December 3, 1890, on Mr. Hoar's motion to take up the bill for consideration, which was adopted by a vote of 41 to 30, showing the Republican party strength. Had the final vote been taken on that day the bill would undoubtedlv have been passed by the same majority. The final test came on Januarv 26, l8gi, when Mr. Wolcott, of Colorado, asked Mr. Morgan to yield the floor in order that he might move to take up the bill making an appor- tionment of representation in Congress under the Eleventh Census, which motion was adopted by a vote of 35 to 34, thus displacin.g and finallv dis- posing of the force bill. During the intervening .seven weeks the Democratic minority had held the floor constantly throughout the day and often tlirough ihe night, when night sessions were forced. Every alternative known to parliamen- tary skill looking to the forcing of a vote on the bill was tried from time to time by the Republicans, but they were met at every turn and always baffled. \Vearyingof the effort to terminate the debate, the majority tried, as a last resort, to take a Senator off the floor for the purpose of adopting a cloture resolution, but the ^'ice-President failed them at the la.st moment of this revolutionarj- proceeding, weakening in his purpose before the well-directed fire of the minority. During the seven weeks of untiring vigilance Mr. Gorman occupied the floor a considerable portion of the time himself and contributed much to the parliamentary feature of the debate. In the meantime the eyes of the country had been opened to the unfair and partisan character of the pending measure. The public senti- ment of the country admired the splendid fi.ght the Democrats had made against it and sympathized with the South against the proposed sectional discrimination. This sentiment communicated itself to the minds of the more liberal Senators, and the result was a change of the necessary votes to defeat the partisan measure. Thus ended one of the most noted parliamentary battles on record, and the name of the IMaryland Senator will go down on the pages of history intimately and honorably associated with it. I doubt if anj' public man has rendered more valuable serv- ices to his part}- and countr>' than Senator Gorman during .-jtMiTss I)/' J//-. Cl(i\\ of Ccoroiia 31 the last quarttr of a century. B\- reason of his conspicuous service, his eminent abihty, and sterhng integrit>- he was enti- tled to his part}' uominatioii for the office of the President of the United States. He had a .strong following in nianj' sections of the coiintr}' for this high honor, but history teaches us that party service and party loyalty is not always appreciated and properly rewarded. Neither Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Benton, nor Blaiue ever reached the Presidency, but each has left an enduring fame not eclipsed by any occupant of the Presidential chair. Mr. Gorman would have made an admirable President. His career is clo.sed, but was one of the most remarkable in the history of our country. The young men of the Republic can be taught to .study his history, follow his counsel, and the world is better by reason of his pulilic life. When we read the story of his life we are not .surprised at the success he achieved. He was a self-made man; he began life without money. He came from a modest home, where lo^•e of neighbors and love of country was inculcated and where .self-reliance was taught. In early life he knew the \'alue of industry. He acted on the maxim that nothing was impo.ssible to industry. He was kind, generous, un.selfish, with a heart full of sympathy for humanity. To my certain knowledge he helped the weak and low!)- in their efforts to be strong. The good he accompli.shed will for all time be an in.spiration for the j'oung men of the country. The}' will read his histor}' and follow in the footpaths blazed out by this illustrious son of the Republic. The influence of the good never dies. I am sure that this generation and all generations to come will be better, .stronger, wiser, and happier by reason of his life. We teach our sons to studv the characters of the great Roman 32 Memorial Addresses: ArlJiicr P. Coruiati senators, to practice their virtues, and we are the recipients of untold blessings from those who have been dead for more than a thousand years. I wish to give to his memory only just praise, for I am sure if he could have a voice as to the character of these exercises he would not countenance false praise. While not a college graduate, he was a student, a hard worker, and kept thoroughly posted on the current business of the Senate. His conceptions were quick and remarkably accu- rate; his judgment was good of both men and measures. Few- men have been found with such a rare combination of faculties and powers as he possessed. Though frequentlj- most bitterly assailed, his entire public career was pure, honest, fearless, and patriotic. All great men at some period in their career ha\-e been mis- imderstood,.. slandered, and maligned. Washington, Jefferson, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Jackson, and Blaine were the .subjects of most bitter attacks, but history has done eacii justice. Pas.sion and prejudice die, and truth and justice triumph. When the historian shall record the truth of Senator Gor- man's life, this story will be both interesting and instructive. Let the truth be told and the story will show a life devoted to toil, devotion to dut}-, and honest and faithful in all the rela- tions of life. This story will show that he was a man of con- victions, and that he battled fearlessly and unrelentingly to accomplish his purposes; that he was not only a man of abilit}-, but of integrity and high courage; that he was a man who loved the whole country and bore no malice in his heart toward anyone. This story, truthfull\- and impartially related, will show that he fought openly and manfully for what he believed to be right, and that he fought for those things which he firmly believed would advance the Ite.st interests of his countrv. .-IMrcss of Mr. C/ii}\ of Georgia t^t, When I first knew liim the relations Ijetween us were not so cordial; we did not know and understand each iither. The more I knew of him tlie hetter I liked him. When he died, we were warm, sincere, and devoted friends. He was a vSenator with lon.^ ser\-ice and was helpful to me m tile discharge of m\' tluties. I express my sincere convictions when I say he was a piu'e, honest, and fearless patriot. I hon- ored, respected, and loved vSenator Gorman. In his death we ha\-e lost a most illustrious member, .a wise and safe leader, an able statesman, and an accomplished gentleman. Senator Gokjiax attained his high distinction in the service and counsels of his country 1)>- the practice of those cardinal virtues which constitute the road to elevation and fame. History teaches us that from the first .settlement of Mary- land she never authorized a .single act of intolerance against any den'ed by the ekxiuent .Senator from Maryland who presents the resolutions, and b_\- other .Senators who had long .service with him, that in what I am to say briefly I shall confine my.self to the consideration of Mr. (tORM.\n's service in the Senate as a great legislator. He could make speeches, always gopd and never long. He could maintain the organization of his part>' on this floor, where he was its acknowledged leader. His eve was iniick in 36 Mi'))iorial Addresses: Arllnir /'. CoDnnii discernino; an\- weakness in the action of his oj)ponenls w lien purely political measures \vere uj) for discussion and action. He was wary and a master of expedient and device and was sleepless in exercising the mastery that was acceded to him in the councils of his party, both here and elsewhere. But l^eyond these things, Mr. President — and I should say greater than all these things in estimating Mr. Gorman's public .service — was his prominence as a great legi.slator and in shaping general legislation. He gave the best part of his time to this field of duty. It is not so picturesque a field, Mr. President, as .some others. Its product and its results do not so often occupy the newspapers or arouse innnediate i>ublic interest, but the gra\-e and thoughtful temperament of Mr. Gorman, his .self-poise, and his .sedatene.ss all suited with that work liere which is fornndated and worked out and at last crystallized into what I niaj' call good legislation. Into this domain Mr. Gokm.vn never intruded mere party politics. He acted with unwa\ering fidelity with either Democrat or Repub- lican who sought to put upon the statute book stdjjects of legislation for the benefit of all the ])eople. Neither upon this floor nor in connnittee room in this work did Mr. Gorman subordinate the public interest to jnirty preference or advantage. He not only contributed to the work of a good legislator by his qinet, effective work in com- mittee, but in hundreds of instances on this floor he was able to show, h\ his great facility as a debater, how important he counted the public good and how earnest was his desire to contribute to it. It will be a long day, Mr. President, before the superior of the late Senator from Maryland, in this regard, will be found upon this floor upon either .side of the Chamber. Mr. President, the service here of an old vSenator, although Address of Mr. Hal,\ of Maine 37 ill the hi.t;hest degree honorable and sought by us all, is not easy nor always comfortable and, perhaps I may say, not always enjoyable. It is beset with added labor and responsi- bility, and the necessity, at times, for independence of thought and action, and a fearlessness, which may not always be upon the right side and certainly is' not infreijuently upon the un- popular side. And, added to all this, is the saddening feature, in an older vSenator's career, of seeing his friends and associates drop away in the march of time, until at last he stands com- paratively alone. \\'hen a Senator- like Mr. Gorman is called from duty in this Ijodv, by a smnmons which no man can resist, he is missed and mourned by all, but by none so keenly as the men with whom he has been longest associated. There are to-day, Mr. President, Init two Senators on this flo<:ir who had seats here when Mr. CtOkjiax and I entered the Senate and who have held continuous service ever since — the distinguished Senator from Iowa, Mr. Alli.son, and the distinguished Senator from Alabama, Mr. Morgan. Senator Teller's service was interrupted by his Cabinet service in Presi- dent Arthur's Administration. All the rest have fallen out l)v the way. They make their loss felt not by any proclama- tion or outward show but in that intangible way that sinks the deepe.st into the human heart. We reali/.e the mi.ssed foot- step, the clear voice on this floor silent, the calm face at the committee table absent, and all this we feel and we know in the death of the late Senator from Maryland. We mi.ss all his great qualities. We shall miss his active participation in debate, his guiding hand in legi.slation, and his prominence in the battles fought on this floor. Let us hope and believe ihat from these he has pa.ssed " to where, beyond these voices, there is peace." 38 Mfiiiorial Addresses : Arllnir P. Gorman Address of Mr. Cullom, of Illinois Mr. President: The remarks that I ^hall make will be very brief, but I did not feel that I could afford to miss the opportunity of sayiug^ a few words upon this occasion. We have to-day laid aside the ordinarv business of the Senate that we ma\- pay our tribute to the memory of a loved and respected colleague, Arthur Pite Gorman, late a Senator from Maryland, who for maii\ years was one of the most prominent members of this Ijody. Senator Gorman had a remarkable public career. Without the advantages of a great family name, without wealth, with a limited education, through liis own exertions alone, he rose from an humble employee of this Senate to the position of one of its members and a leader of his party .second to none in my term of service. He was educated in tliat greatest of all schools, the .school of experience. And in his case what a school it was. He was in the service of the Senate during the most important and vital epoch in our history . In his early life he was familiar with those intellecttial giants who were Senators during the .stirring period preceding the civil war, during the civil war, followed by the days of reconstruction, when our destiny- hung in the balance and when the nation, after a baptism of blood and fire, was made anew. Douglas, Seward, Hamlin, Jefferson Davis, Benjamin, Toombs, Hou.ston, Cass, Wade, Sumner, Trumbull, Fessenden, Grimes, and many other of the most noted men in all our history were here as Senators during his early life. He was a protege, friend, and follower of that illustrious Illiuoisan, Stephen A. Douglas, than whon; there was no abler statesman and Senator of his da v. Adc/rrss of Mr. Culloiii, of Illinois 39 Senator Cokiman might be said to have been Ijorii a Douglas Democrat. His father was one of Douglas's greatest admirers, antl followed his leader, like so many thousands of patriotic Douglas Democrats, in remaining true to the Union. As a State legislator, as a leader of his party in Maryland. Senator C.okman early exhibited those qualities which later gave him so much prominence here. He was little known out- side of his State until his election to the Senate in 1880, and the attention of the country was not much attracted to him until four years later, when he conducted the national Demo- cratic campaign of that year, and when, for the first time in twenty-eight years, the national Democratic party was success- ful and Grover Cleveland was elected President. As national chairman he showed himself to be a splendid political organizer. In his conduct of the campaign ncj mis- takes were made, and he was entitled to much of the credit for the election of a comparatively unknown local politician of New York again.st one of the most brilliant and popular statesmen since the days of Henry Clay — James G. Blaine. I ha\-e always felt that Mr. Blaine owed his defeat to two cau.ses — first, the far superior organization and conduct of Mr. Cleveland's campaign under direction of Mr. Gok:\ian; and. second, to the mistakes and mismanagement of Mr. Blaine's campaign. Senator Gokjiax soon succeeded to the leadership of his party in the Senate. There were others older in years and service, but the leadership seemed to naturally fall to him. He was the real leader in fact as well as in name, and con- tinued as such so long as he remained in the Senate. He was not a specially brilliant speaker, but he was a clear and forceful talker and an able and dangerous antagoni.st in debate. 40 MiDiorial Addresses: Arthur P. Cani/aii His charming personality, his siiavit.\- of manner, his mag- netic inflnence over men with whom he came in contact, combined with liis marked al)ihty, made it easy for him to retain the - of him I say from my own per.sonal acquaintance and ob,ser\-ation. He was a member of this body when I entered it in 1SS3. He was among the first to take ;i deep interest in the regulation of interstate commerce, and from the first to the last he favored the rigid re.gulation of railroads. The late Senators Piatt of Connecticut and Harris of Ten- nessee, ex-vSenator Miller of New York, Senator Gokjl\x, and myself constituted the vSelect Committee on Interstate Com- merce which made a thorough inve.stigation of the subject in 1S86. vSenator CiORiiAX took a prominent part in the inves- tigation and in the preparation of the original interstate- commerce act, passed in iS.Sy. W'e traveled over various parts of the country, and held hearings in our larger cities, I will be pardoned for relating a little incident that took Address of Mr. Ciil/oiii, of Illinois 41 place when the coniinittee was in New York, on a Sunday. It so hapi)ened that there were three ex-Presidents of the United vStates in New York at that time — ex-Presideuts Grant, Hayes, and Arthur — and we determined to call upon them before leaving the city. We called on President (Vrant first. It .seemed strange that Senator Gokm.vx had never actually met General Grant until then. I had the plea.sure of intro- ducing them, and I remember very well that General Grant seemed very much pleased to meet Senator Gokman, who had become a national figure, and manifested great interest in him. The greatest general of the age was then in a practically dying condition, although he was seated in a chair, surrounded by his books and papers, trying to finish his famous book in order to leave something to support his wife and family. The General knew that he could li\-e but a short time, and, (juite characteristically of him, he seemed to take it calmly and philo- sophically. He said that his book was finished; that if he could live a little longer — until September, I think he said — he could perfect and improve it, but that he was ready to go at any time. He passed away in a little more than three weeks after we saw him. For a number of >ears Senator Gokm.vx was a memlier of the Committee on Appropriations. Senators on that commit- tee who served with him will agree that a more valuable and useful member that committee has never had. He was mas- ter of all the countless details of the expenditures of the Government. Senator CrORMAN was a business man, and was thoroughly familiar with the tariff. Senators well remember the promi- nent part which he took in the discu.ssion and passage of the liill known as the "Wilson-Gorman bill." It left the Senate with nearly 700 amendments. He was not a believer in free 42 McuionnI Addrcsxex : ArtJiio- P. (',or))iaii trade, but he did l>elie\-e in a low tariff. The tariff is a ques- tion that not only divides the two great parties, but has often caused divisions within both parties. There have been end- less discussions over the W'il.son tariff act. Personally I have always believed that it was due to Senator Gokm.\x that a much more injurious act to the industries of the country was not enacted. Mr. (rOKM.vx'.s two leading characteristics were, first, his marked ability as a leader; and second, his conservatism as a statesman and legislator. I desire, "Six. President, to enforce those two ])rominent facts in his character. First, he was a born leader; and .second, he was a conser\-ative legislator and statesman. He was a Democrat, but was a con.servative one. He did not believe in radical measures. When a great par- ti.sau question, such as the force liill, was before the Senate he stood loyalh' with his party, but lie did not believe in dragging partisanship into questions generally coming before Congress. He looked at public questions from the standpoint of a careful, conservative liu.siness man, and was generally against any measures that in his judgment would di.sturb the business of the countr5- or endanger the stability of the Gov- ernment. He was essentially a safe and able legislator. Senator Gorjian was a Democrat under all circumstances and conditions. He remained true to his party and fought its battles, e\'en though in later years it adopted principles with which he was not in sympathy. If he could not lead it, he fol- lowed it. He did not sympathize with the free-.silver doctrine, but on that account he did not abandon the party, but went down with it in defeat. The free-.silver platform cost hira his seat in the Senate, as the Republicans on that issue gained ascendency in Maryland. If this was the greatest defeat of his life, his greate.st Address of Mr. Culloiii, of Illinois 43 triumph was when five years later he carried tlie State and legislature and was unanimously and triumphantly returned to his seat in the Senate, where he was welcomed by his friends and colleagues of both parties, and in recognition of his supe- rior qualifications was again made the minority leader. Mr. Gorman has been sneered at by the reformers as being • a politician. He was a politician. Mr. President. Had it not been for his ability as a politician he would not have been a member of this distinguished body. He was for years one of the leading politicians of his part>-. But he was something more. His conduct during his long service in the Senate demonstrated that he was a .statesman of no mean order. Every statesman is of neces.sity a politician, but every politician is not a state.sman. The immortal Lincoln was one of the shrewdest politicians of his day, and that was one of the ele- ments of his strength. It added instead of detracting from his other great and noble qualities. It is no discredit to a man in public life t(j be called a politician, becau.se every successful man in public life is a politician. From the time that Mr. GoRM.\N became prominent in national affairs until his death it was believed that he was ambitious to become President of the United States. At one time he could have been the nominee of his party. Ambitious he certainly was, but whether it was the possible fear of defeat, as claimed by his enemies, or a disinclination to assume the responsiliilities of the great office of President that seemed to make him hesitate rather than actually .seek it, I do not know. My acquaintance with and observation of him lead me to the conclusion that, unlike hiost of our prominent statesmen of to-day, he did not care sufficiently for the office to actually seek it. If he had retained his health, he would have retained all of his old influence with his party, both in and out of the Senate. 44 Mniiorial Addressrs : Aithity P. (',or)iin)i l)iit in liis life — he had Hveil years where titliers liad li\-ed months — his once vigorous constitution became undermined, and in the language of a British statesman, pronouncing a eulogy over Prince Albert, "came the blind fury with the abhorred shears and slit the thin-spun life." Senator GoRiiAx passed away, as I believe he would have wished, one of the most honored and respected members of this body, in whose service the younger years of his life were spent. .-hyi/rrss of Mr. Blaikhiirii ^ of Kiiilmky 45 Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky Mr. PresidknT: After li.steniii.t;- to the trihutes that have l)een paid to the dead Senator from Maryland — that which has been pronounced in his own matchless fashion 1)\- his eloquent colleague, the senior Senator from that State, and the others, exceptionally elaborate and finished and just — it would seem that there was little, if indeed anything, to be said. But I can not gain my own consent to allow this occa.sicju to pass without bearing my poor tribute to the memory of the dead Senator. My acquaintance with him was too long, my association with him too close, my estimate of him was too high, and my affec- tion for him too sincere for me to observe silence. Sir, we may well pause at the grave and ponder on the life of a man who was big enough and strong euougli to play the part of a conceded leader of his fellows and leave an imperish- able impression upon the days and times in which he lived. It may be true, sir, and I doubt not as a rule it is true, that men are mainly in point of their career the product of two forces — heredity and environment. I doubt not it is true that select where you may as a general rule there is little left in a man's career save the product of one or both of these forces. But occasionally we meet with a man who is taken out of that general rule, who is pos.se,ssed of an inherent stnrdinessof cliar- acter, of an ability, of a persistency, and of those intellectual and moral qualities that make him the exception to the rule. .Such a man was Senator Gorman. He was not the benefi- ciary either of heredity or of environment. He came from the body of the great common people, with no illu.strious lineage behind him, with neither fortune nor fame, nor surroundings 46 Memorial Addresses : Arthur /'. C,oriiian that were cotispiciuiusl\- fiirtunatc. He t)e,sou that a man of positive character as was Mr. Gorm.\x, naturallw inevitabh- gathered about him hosts of friends, but with ecinal nece.s.sity created numberless opponents. It is to-da>- one pur- po.se, and only one purpose, that prompts me to .speak, and that is to protest again.st the injustice to which he was subjected on one memorable occasion in his life where he was made the victim of unfair criticism, where, because of the conspicuous position that he held and the unquestioned power that he wielded, it was sought by others who deser\-ed it more to fasten upon him responsibilities that were not his own. I refer to a memorable occasion in the political history of our country, fresh in the minds of many Senators who sit about me, when jiartN- representation in this Chamber was measured by so narrow a majority that a single vote was .sufficient to tip the balance and determine the complexion of its legislation. When the tariff bill came from the house, the bill known as the "Wilson bill," which was to .supersede the McKinley measure, Mr. CiOk:\i.\.n was indeed a potential factor in this Chamber. His action upon that occasion, his course in connec- Addrrss of Mr. Hlackhiii-iu "f K( nlidky 47 tioii with that important measure, have I)een made the occasion of unfair censure and unmerited criticism. That bill, Mr. President, whilst it might have l.ieen, and by many was believed to be, a decided improvement upon the tax- ing measure that it supplanted, failed, as is known of all men, to meet the expectations of the coinitry or the reasonable demands made by Mr. Gorjian'.s party. For that failure, and the failure is confessed and conceded, it was sought to fasten upon the Mar>land Senator a decree of responsibility which did not honesth- belong to him; and here, in order to vindicate the truth of history, I enter an earnest and .solemn protest against that injustice surviving after he has gone. Other men of his jiarty, then higher in .station and in power than he was, who sought to relieve themselves of criti- cism bv undertaking to fasten upon him a Inirdeu that did not belong to him, should answer at the l)ar of history in.stealander. The records of this Congress show, the Congressional Record, in its imperishable pages, will bear out the declaration, that when summoned to testify as witnes.ses upon this floor his cola- borers upon the Senate Committee on Finance, most of them now dead, as is the Maryland vSenator — \'oorhees, of Indiana, the chairman of that committee; Harris, of Teiines.see; \'est, of Mi.s.souri; and Jones fif Arkansas — bore willing witness to the fact that there never was a modification made in that mea.sure, there never was a step taken in its revision or remodeling, there never was an alteration proposed or carried into effect by the conference of this side of the Chamtjer upon that tax l)ill which was not unhesitatingly approved and indorsed, pleaded for, and demanded by those higher in authority than Mr. Gorman or myself, who afterwards saw fit to denounce it and brand it with the brand of perfidy. 48 .^fviiiorial Addresses : Artlnir P. Coriuan I protest here, in justice to the dead, that the responsiI)ilities in that case did not belong to the man whose niemor}- to-day we honor. He bore the unjust accusation jiatiently. That splendid serenit\' and poise which has l)een .so happily described by his colleague did not desert him. That was one of the dis- tinguishing characteristics of the man. He was always .serene, alwaj-s self-poised, and never taken by surpri.se. In the hour of his triumph and in the hour of his disasters and defeats he was always the same .self-contained, the even-poised, undis- turbed, unshaken man. But if I were to single out one period in his service, one point in all his career, that to my mind was the most creditable and most to be admired, it would be his identification with that important period of ow\ countr\''s histor>" to which allusion has been made by more than one of the vSenators who have preceded me, to the part that Gokm.\x bore in the force-bill fight on the floor of the vSenate. In order to appreciate his conduct and his bearing and meas- ure fairly the service that he rendered then, it is necessary for those who were not here at the time, as I was, to go back and acquaint themselves with the conditions that confronted its. The passions of the war had not eniirelx' sul.)sided. The bit- terness of partisan feeling was running high indeed in these Chambers. The House of Representatives, without debate, had pa.ssed a bill which we of the South believed doomed that .section to all the horrors of a revived carpetbag militarx' gov- ernment. W'e h()nestl\- beliex'ed that e\-er>' hope and ever.\- aspiration that that great section of our country cherished was to be blighted, that the wheels of civilization were to be reversed, that we were t(j be turned back to a darker, aye, sir, to the darkest, period which ever marked the history of our countrv. AtMrrss n/' Mr. Blackburn, of Knitiicky 49 The House had passed the bill; the President had sent mes- sage after message urging the vSenate to enact it; a clear majoritN- (jf Senators upon this floor stood committed to its support whenever a final vote should be called for its passage. There was nothing left between the South and absolute chaos and utter wreck and ruin except what appeared to lie the helpless and hopeless minority of Democrats upon this side of the Chamber. Pa.s.sed through the Hou.se, indorsed by a majorit)- of Senators upon the floor, who onh- waited for an opjHirtunitv to crystallize it into law, the President of the counlrx telling us in special messages that he with itching hand was holding his pen ready to affix his approval and his signature — that was the dark outlook which we confronteil. -Mr. GOKM.\N, to whom ever\- Democrat turned as by in- stinct as the leader, if one there be left on earth who could sa\-e his partv and his country, .stood at the head of that pha- lanx of undaunted, brave men interposing them.selves for the protection of the South. Never while life lasts can I forget the incidents of that struggle. The da\s went b\- but slowl\- and the weeks dragged their we.ary length along, whilst with- out adjournment, night and day, that small band was on dut\- and its unswerving, brave, devoted cunnnander was on deck. I \-enture to assert that in all the tide of time you will search in vain among the records of the luiglish-speaking peo- ples of this world to find a parallel to the splendid generalship, the resources, the matchless courage, the unquestioning devo- tion, and the brilliant commandership that Gorii.\n manifested upon that occasion. .\ forlorn hope, of course, he led; battle- ments, impregnable, he could not .scale, but he accomplished his jHU'pose. He saved the South, and in m>- judgment he saveil the North as well, when by a flank movement he side- tracked the force bill and buried it in a grave to which it S. Poc. 404, 59-2 4 50 Mc))iorial AdHrcsscs : .Irthiii /'. (roriiiaii sliould have been doomed iipcui its liirtli. The most sjileiidid parhanientary battle of which history gives us record was the one that was fouglit and the one tliat was won by the Maryland leader. Speaking in the light of a service in Congress not especially short, I frankly avow and without hesitation declare that I have never come in contact with a man in ])ublic life since first I entered the council chambers of my country who had in so great a degree all the ])ro])erties and qualities that go to consti- tute a leader of men. I ha\-e never known either his superior or his equal. I do not care to say more, Mr. President, but I deem it proper, in order that justice complete and full shall be done to him and his memory, to ask that I may insert in the Record of to-day's proceedings the resolution passed unanimoush- by the caucus of the Democratic party of the Senate on the occasion of his death. The Vich-Pre.'^idk.xt. In the ab.sence of objection, permis- sion is granted. The resolution referred to is as follows: The Democratic Senators at their first meeting in conference subsequent to the death of their fonner honored and loved chairman, the late Senator GORM.\N, obey their unaffected impulse in the expression of their pro- found sorrow for his loss to them as their personal friend and their saga- cious, faithful political guide in their ofBcial relations. .\ faithful friend, a zealous and wise party leader, considerate and con- ciliatory and careful of the intere.sts of all, he greatly endeared himself to his party associates, by whom his memory will e\er be most fondh- cherished. Aiii'/iu .ss of Ml . J-'ryi\ of Maine 51 Address of Mr. Frye, of Maine Mr. Presidxnt : I shall pay 1113' trilmte to the memory of the late Senator GoK-MAN in a \-ery few words, hut sincere. iJuring all the years we were a.ssociated togetlier in this Chamber we were clo.se personal friends. All the while we had a continuing pair, under the terms of which either was to vote whenever he plea.sed, each confident that the other would jiro- tect him whenever a political question was under considera- tion. It is not neces.sary for me to say that that confidence was never betrayed. I had for him a warm affection and ardent admiration, and I am ]>roud to belie\-e that the affection was reciprocated. Prompted 1>>- that friendship I was interested in and observ- ant of Mr. Gorman's remarkable public career. He was most bitterly assailed as an unscrupulous politician, ready at an>' time to avail him.self of any means to secure the ends he sought. I have failed, .sir, utterly to find any justification whatever for that charge. He was a politician — adroit, alert, full of resource. Possibly he was a partisan. If he was, I admire and do not cen.sure. I have little faith in a man connected with a political party, who really and honestly believes in its principles, who is not ready at all times to defend and maintain them. That Mr. Gorm.vn would a\-ail himself of every opportunity he honorably could to strengthen his part)' I have no doubt. I recall a somewhat .spectacular illustration of that. I was present at the Republican ministerial meeting at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York when it was declared that the strength of the Democratic party was rum, Romanism, and rebellion. Mr. GORM.AN was chairman of the Democratic national connnittee. 52 Miuiorial Addrcssrs : Aiilnir P. (',,ir))i,ni He saw that ojiportuiiits- ; he proiii]itl\- availed himself of it, and ill a few hours that wretched declaration was scattered l)roadcast all over this cmintry. It was a most weighty contri- bution. Mr. Hlaine was defeated, Mr. Cleveland elected, and Senatcjr (tok:\iax did it. Mr. President, vSenator CiOkman was a Democrat and an earnest one, and a thorough politician, hut when duty to his countrx' demanded he gave to his country regardless of his part>-. When the civil war liroke out, he was a resident of the State of Mar\land. In the face of party and of most powerful .social influences, he was a loyal and devoted friend to the cause of the Union, utterl>- regardless of the effect it might have upon his fortunes in that State, Mr. Gok:vi.\x was the recognized leader on the Democratic side for many >-ears. It was a position of great power. I never yet heard any Republican Senator charge him with an exercise of that power unfair or dishonorable. Mr. CjOkm.\x was a thoroughly equipped business man. As such, his .services here were of great value. When in his judg- ment the best business interests of his country demanded, he left party or disregarded ])arty demands, as the records of this Chamber show. His private life was without reproach. He had no vices, no bad habits. He was a man jiure in thou.ght and act. It was w\y good fortiuie to l)e an occasional visitor at his home in Maryland. It was an ideal lunne, with an ideal head. He was a tender, loyal, devoted husband, and an afTectionate, indulgent father. Mr. President, in Senator Gorman's death the Senate, his State, our country suffered a most serious loss, and that ideal home is desolate indeed. ArMnss of Mr. Oviriiiau. oj Xoiih Cuniliiia 53 Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina Mr. President: Five tinics in the four short years in which I have been a member of this liody we have 1)een called npon to pay the last trilnite to the memor>- of five of its most distinguished members. Six times in that short period the chilling hand of death has cast a dark shadow over this Cham- ber and the pale horse has entered its ]iortal whence its mys- terious rider has borne the.se great men awa\- on the long jonrne>- t- ujion the floor. He was sworn in on that same day. This was the first time I had ever met ancl become ])ersonall>' acciuainted with 54 Memorial Addresses: Arthur P. Gorman him, and I shall ne\er forget the warm, cordial grasp of the haud and the geutle courtesy with which he welcomed me, the care with which he instructed me in the mysteries of the Sen- ate, and his words of advice. He seemed to take a kindh- interest in me at once and endeavored to make me feel that I was to be no stranger here. I attended his funeral and followed his remains to their last resting place in the lieautiful Oak Hill Cemetery, in this city. I was deeph" impres.sed, as I think everyone present was, with the siinplicit>- of the funeral. There was no l>ing in state, no cavalcade, no parade, no gathering of the great officers of the Government, no .show; only the .simple cere- mony held in the parlor of his comfortable but unostentatious home in this city, his stately coffin .surrounded by his bereaved and devoted fanuly and a few of his most intimate friends. A short prayer was offered, a short yet beautiful and touching address by the mini.ster, and it was all over. All of this was at his request, and shows this man's most charming character- istic, that of modesty, which marked him through life and which usually marks the great man. Others have .spoken of the great ability which so distin- guished his public career. But looking back over the.se three years from 1903 to June, 1906, when he died, in this sad hour, as we pay lo\-ing tribute to his memory, I would recall not only his modest demeanor, but his kind aud gentle .spirit, his alwa\-s read\' and responsi\-e sympathy, his freedom from bigotry, his evenness of temper, his forbearance, his charity, his uniform courtesy in conversation and in debate; these were .some of the chief characteristics which made men love him, and these, with his great mind, made him not onl5- a leader of the people, but a leader in every legislative body of which he was a member. Senator Gorm.\n made his impress upon Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 5^ the whole country, aiul his death was himeiited not only by the Members of this l.)ody, but by the people throughout tliis broad land of ours. His seat here will not be easily filled. He was no ordinary man. He began his life work at the age of 13 as a page in this body, having been ajipointed by Stephen A. Douglas in 1852, in which position he scr\-ed for twelve 3'ears, acting during that time as secretary to Mr. Douglas and as postmaster of the Senate. It was during these years that the fires of ambition were lighted and began to burn in his young heart. His asso- ciations with great men inspired him to be great also, and he often dreamed of the time when he should represent his State in this great body and take the place of .some of the great men whom he so faithfully served in his young manhood. In 1.S66 he returned to his State to fill the important position of collector of internal revenue. His rise was rapid. He soon became a leader, filling many important po.sitions in his native State. He was first a director and afterwards president of the Che.sapeake and Ohio Canal Company. For six years he was a member of the house of delegates, two years of which he .ser\'ed as speaker of that body. For six years also he was a member of the State senate, until in 1881 he was elected to the United vStates Senate. Here his rise was rapid also. It was but a short time until he was regarded as one of the leaders of his party, and his advice was sought in every great movement for his party's success. He was a master parliamentarian, and it was greatly through his skill and tactics that a minority was able to defeat in the Senate legislation hostile to his section. In 1S89 he was made the leader of his party upon the floor of the Senate, leading them through many a storm to victory. But perhaps his greatest triumph, and one for which his party and the South 56 Mi'uiorial Addresses : Artliiir P. (roiniiati owe him a lasting debt of ijratitude, and one which she \vi!l never forget, was his magnificent leadership and the noble fight he made against the election bill. Under his leadership and directed by his skill the minority achieved a glorious victory and succeeded in defeating that bill, whicli e\en its friends now admit was not only unwise, l)Ut which would have proved disastrous to the South and perhai^s caused a race war and bloodshed. While .Senator (r(:)KM.\.\ was gentle and kind in his nature, Mr. President, \et he was as courageous as a lion and deter- mined whenever the occa.sion required. In the exciting days following the election of Grover Cle\-eland to the Pre.sidency, when the result for days seemed in doul)t and the leaders of the ojiposite party were making claims of \'ictory. Senator GoKM.\N was at the Democratic headquarters. He was on the watchtower day and night guarding his party's interests and infusing courage and determination in its leaders. He knew Mr. Cleveland was elected and was determined that the expe- rience of 1S76 should n(it lie repeated; that the man elected by the people should be inaugurated their Pre.sident. In the last Presidential campaign he was again a.sked to lead his party, l>ut on account of his failing health he was com]ielled to decline. Thus for a cjuarter of a century his advice and counsel were .sought by the leaders of his party in the nation, while here his a.ssociates found him a wise, safe, and sympa- thetic counsellor. The most striking ilhrstration of his influence and the esteem in which he was held by his party associates on this floor is the fact that, having been retired for .six years, upon his election in 1903 he was nnanimously restored to his old leadership; and I doubt if the annals of the Senate will show a suj^erior in parliamentary tactics. He was always in his seat, ever watch- .iiiiirc'ss of Mr. O-.'rniiau^ of Morth Carolina 57 ful of his party's as well as his country's interests, helpful and influential in shaping legislation and policies, sound in judg- ment, (piick of perception, well infonne' a week or more. I was at that time ijovernor of South Carolina. Xaturally I felt a mo.st keen interest in the result of the approaching Presidential election. I \'isited the Democratic headcjiiarters and had opportunity to talk with .some of the leading men connected with the conduct of the Democratic campaign. There was inten.se interest and feeling, in view of the well-known attitude of President Harri- son on the force bill. I lived in a State where the negroes were in the majority and where we had .suffered from negro dninination. So I felt the deepest concern, for the success of the L^emocratic party, feeling that the election of a Republican President at that juncture, who favored the force bill, would be nothing short of a national calamit)'. I found there was great activity at headquarters, antl frantic appeals were being made for campaign funds to strengthen the party in .several doubtful States as well as in certain .specified localities in New York State. In the vSouthern »States then — and, in a large measure, it is still true .so far as that section is concerned — money exerted ver\- little influence in elections ; but realizing that things were different in the North, after talking with those who had charge of financing the campaign, I took immediate steps to have the chairman of the Democratic State connnittee of South Carolina exert him.self t(j the utmost to oljtain as nuich money as possible and forward it to I )emocratic headquarters. In the conversations which I had with the Democratic leaders it was clearly brought out that the sugar refiners were read}- to con- tribute to the Democratic campaign fund if it could be under- stood that the industry wouUl lie fostered and not destrox'ed by the Democratic tariff policy, and I received the impression, which became indelibly fixed on my mind then and remains fi.xed t(j this day, that President Cleveland luiderstood the Ad(^r(ss of Mr. 7'iniiiaii, of Sotitli Cciroliini 6i situation and was willint,^ to acquiesce in it if \vc won at the polls. I did not talk witli Mr. Cleveland in person on this subject, though I called at his hotel to pay my respects, and I am thorotighly satisfied that the charge of "party perfidy- and party tlishonor" in the famous \Vils(jn letter was an act of grossest wrong and cruelty to vSenator Gorman. If Mr. Cleve- land, as I was told, knew of the.se negotiations and was the beneficiary of such a contribution, it is inconceivable how he could lend his great name and intluence toward destroying Senator Gorman's influence aud popularitx- in the way he did. No wonder the Senator from Maryland, in the sjieech delivered in this body on July 23, 1894, made this indignant denial; As I have said, sir, this is a most extraordiiiarj- proceeding for a Demo- crat, elected to the highest place in the Government, and fellow -Democrats, in another high place, where they have the right to speak and legislate generally, to join with the commune in traducing the Senate of the United States, to blacken the character of Senators who are as honorable as the\' are, who are as patriotic as they ever can be, who have done as much to serve their party as men who are now the beneficiaries of vour labor and mine, to taunt and jeer at us before the country as the a-, in no uncertain language, of the value of his pubHc .services in this bod>- during his long tenure of the vSenatorial office, and there is nothing left to be added to their estimate of his worth. I recognize, however, my duty, as a Senator from Maryland, to sa>- a word on this .sad occasion. .Silence would be unjust to the memor>- of the dead and false to w\\ own sen.se of manhood. My first acquaintance with the late Senator occurred in the sunnner of 1S71. He was then a young man 32 years of age, full of vigor and acuteness, after service as ]iage and Post- ma.ster of the Senate, and with keen knowledge of public affairs, acipiired in the office of collector of internal revenue in the fifth district of Maryland. I was a candidate for the . office of governor of Maryland, and jiromptly discovered in him an astute political leader, and our friendly relations began at that period. He came to the house of delegates for the session of 1S72, while I was governor, and was made its speaker. The duties of that position he discharged with signal ability, and what he had learned in the Senate, in the official position he held between 1862 and 1869, rendered him able to discharge the functions of the .speakership without eniljarrassment. After the session of the legislature he was made president of Address o/'Mi. WJn'/(\ <>/ Mcrv/diid 65 the CliL-hiipeake and ()hiii Canal Ci>nipan>-, in which the State had large interests, and for which position I rendered him all the aid in n\\ jiower. About the year 1.S79, owing purely to political differences, the association in party affairs which had previously existed between us was severed, and our paths in party conferences thereafter ran indifferent directions; but I can with satisfaction sa>- at this day that our personal relations were not suspended up to the hour of his decease. On the contrary, whenever we met it was in the social and cordial way of former days. His jM'ivate life was most exemplary, and his devotion to his home and his family ^^■on the admiration of his thousands of friends in his native vState. i\Ia\- he rest in peace! And now, Mr. President, as a further mark of respect, I a.sk that the resolution I send t(.) the desk be adopted by the vSeuate. The \'ick-PrESIDENT. The resolution submitted by the junior Senator from Maryland will be read. The Secretary read the re.solution, as follows: A'iso/:rcf, That as a furtht-r mark of re.spect to the uieniory o{ tin- deceased, the Senate do now adjourn. The resolution was unanimously agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 7 minutes p. m. ) the vSenate adjourned until to-morrow, Saturda>', Februar>- 2, 1907, at 12 o'clock meridian S. Doc. 404, ,sQ-2 5 PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE MiiNiiAV, /iiiii-^, lgo6. A message from tlie Senate, by Mr. Parkinson, its reading clerk, announced that the Senate liad passed the following resolutions: h'csolved. That the .Senate has heard with ])n)fi>unil sorrow of the death of Hon. .\rthtr PrK (;orm.\n, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That a committee of se\-enteen Senators be appointed by the \"ice-President to take order for .superintending the funeral of Mr. GoK- M.\N, which will take place at his late residence Thursday, June 7, at 11 o'clock, and that the Senate will attend the same. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect his remains be removed from his late home to the place of interment, in Oak Hill Cemetery, in charge of the Sergeant-at-.A.rms, attended by the committee, who shall have full power to carry the.se resolutions into effect : and that the neces- sary expenses in connection therewith be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate. Resoh'ed, That the Secretary conununicate a copv of these resolutions to the House of Representatives. Resol-ved, That as a further mark of resjiect to the memorv of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn And that in compliance with the foregoing the \'ice-Presi- dent had appointetl as said conunittee Mr. Rayner, Mr. Alli- son, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Hale, Mr. Aldrich, Mr. Teller. Mr. GalHnger, Mr. IHkins, Mr. Martin, Mr. Tillman, Mr. Clay, Mr. Spooner, .Mr. Kean, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Blacklnirn, Mr. Clark of Montana, and Mr. Overman. Mr. Talbott. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolu- tions: The Clerk read as follows : Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. .Arthur 1'ue Gorm.\n, a Senator of the Vnitcd States from the .State of Maryland. 66 Proceedings in the House 67 Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the .Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased Senator. Resolved, That a committee of seventeen Members be appointed on the part of the House to join the committee appointed on the part of the Senate to attend the funeral. ■* Tht vSpeaker. The que.stion is on agreeing tn the resohi- tious. The question was taken ; and tlie resoUitions were unani- mously agreed to. The Speakkk. The Chair announces the appointment of the following comnhttee. The Clerk read as follows : Mr. J. Fred C. Talbott, Mr. John Gill, jr. , Mr. Thomas A. Smith of Maryland, Mr. Sydney E. Mudd, Mr. Frank C. Wachter, Mr. George .V. Pearre, Mr. John S. Williams, Mr. I^eonidas F. Livingston, Mr. Thomas B. Davis of West Virginia, Mr. Samuel M. Robertson, Mr. John A. Moon of Tennessee, Mr. John H. Stephens of Texas. Mr. C. L. Bartlett, Jlr. J. W. Babcock, Mr. Theodore E. Burton of Ohio, Mr. James JI. Gri.g.gs. and Mr. John F". Rixey. Mr. Talbott. Mr. .Speaker, I offer the following resolution. The Clerk read as follows; Resolcvd, That as a further mark of respect, the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to. Accordingly (at 2 o'clock and 28 minutes p. m. ) the House adjourned. TuESD.\N', [auuiuv ,V, rgoj . Mr. Talbott. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the ])resent consideration of the order which I send to the desk. The Cleik read as follows: (';(/<•/•(■(/, That the session of Saturday, February 2, 1907, at 2 o'clock p. ni., shall be set apart for memorial addres.ses on the life, character, and public .services of Hon. Arthur P. Gorm.\n, late a United States Senator from the State of Maryland. The SPEAKEif. Is there objection? [After a pau.se.] The Chair hears none. 68 MiDion'a/ Ac/dressi's: Aitlnir P. (,(>r>iiaii SATrKDAV, Fibriiarv 2. igoj. Th(j House nift at \2 o'clock in. Prayer \)\ the Chaplain, Re\-. Henry N. Couden, as follows: Infinite and eternal spirit, (rod, our heavenly Father, in whom we li\-e and move and have our being, we thank Thee for every aspiration, for every earnest and noble en- deavor which leads on to larger life and civilization, and for that profound appreciation \vhich enables us to recognize the nobilit>- of .soul and real worth in our fellow-men. We thank Thee for the special order which sets apart this day as a memorial service to one who Ijecame cousjiicuous as a statesman, who by earnest and faithful endeavor rose from the humble position of a i)age on the floor of the United States vSenate to a member of that august Ijody, and who by common consent became the leader of his ]iart>-, than which no greater encomium could be pronounced, no grander monu- ment reared to his memory. Grant that his character ma}- ever be an inspiration to noble and pure livin.g to those who survive him and to those who shall come after ns, and thine be the glory forever. And now, Almighty Father, we are again moved by the news of the death of one of our Con- gres.sional family. Comfort, we beseech Thee, those who are bereft of a dear one, and help us all to live .so that when our time shall come we shall pass on and hear the word, "Well done, good and faithful servant, enter into the joys of thv Lord." Through Jesus Christ. Amen. The Speaker. The hour of 2 o'clock havin.g arrived, in pursuance of the order of the Hoti.se the Chair recognizes the .gentleman from Maryland [Mr. Talbott]. Mr. Talbott. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following re.solu- tion. Prorcfd/iii^s in tlie House 69 The Spkakek. The i^entk-nian fmin .Mar>lanland, where the late Senator was born. His mother, who.se maiden name was Elizabeth Brown, was a descendant of one of the oldest and most prominent families in Howard Count\', which occupied a con- ■spicuous place before and during the Revolutionar\' period. At the a^e of 13 Mr. CjORM.vn was appointed a jiatje in the United States vSenate. I am informed ujxmi the reconiniendation of the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, who always manifested a decided in- terest in him. His was a public .school education, acquired in his native county, and while limited, b\' the unaided power of his own personality he attained places of power and distinction. He was promoted from page to postmaster of the Senate, which position he occupied until September i, 1866, at which time he was removed because of activity' in the cause of President John- son during his noted impeachment trial. Immediately after his removal as postmaster of the Senate President Johnson ap- pointed him collector of internal revenue for the fifth district of Maryland. Thisoffice Mr. Gorm.\n filled until after the inaugu- ration of President Grant, in 1S69. In that year he was elected a member of the hou.se of delegates of Maryland, was reelected 71 72 Moiiorial Addresses: Arlliitr /'. (rdriinui in kSji. and at the session of 1^-2 was elected speaker of the house. In Jnne. iSj.?. he was elected president of the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal Company, and in 1875 was elected to the State senate from Howard County ; was elected in January. iSSo. to the United States Senate, reelected in 1886 and 1892, and was again chosen Senator in 1902. It will thus be seen that promotion followed fast throughout his entire life — from page to postmaster, from member to speaker of the Maryland house of delegates, from State Senator to United States Senator. This rapid promotion was becau.se of his extraordinary ability being recognized by those with whom he came in contact in the many positions he occupied. I remember that ver\- shortly after Senator Gorm.\x began his first term in the Senate, the Hon. James B. Beck, of Kentucky, inquired of me where we found our junior Senator. I replied: We did iKil lind him; he luaile hiin.self known, and the people made him Senator. Senator F^eck then said: The legislature of Maryland may have made mistakes in former times when they elected Senators, but this time made no mistake. At that time Senator Beck was chairman of the Democratic caucus. This, from such a .source, was praise indeed, and showed that Mr. (rOk.M.^.x had already made an impression on the Senate — an impression that grew by steps until he became the undisputed leader of his ])arty and one of the .great- est parliamentarians our Government has known. The Hon. James G. Blaine, in his magnificent eulogy on President (lar- fiekl, delivered from the vSpeaker's chair Februarv 27, 1882, .said : The three most distinguished parliamentary leaders hitherto developed in this country are Mr. Clay, Mr. Douglas, and Mr. Thaddeus Stevens. They were all men of consummate ability, of great earnestness, of intense personality, differing widely each from the others and yet with a single trait in common — the power to command. Address of Mr. Talbott, of Afory/aiid -J ^-f He said it would be difficult to rank with these a fourth name in all of our Congressional history-. To this most dis- tinguished group I would add Senator Akthik Pue CtOkman. Mr. Gorman's greatest claim to be added t(j that list rests upon his masterful fight as party leader in the Senate against the Republican attempt to enact the so-called "force bill." The bill was in charge of the late vSenator Hoar, of Massa- clursetts, a strong debater and acconiplishinl parliamentarian. The vote to take up the bill for consideration on December 3, iSc)0. was — veas 41, nays 30. The contest was continuous from that date until the 22d of January, 1891, when the bill was displaced on the motion of vSenator W'olcott, of Colorado, that the .Senate proceed to the consideration of the bill making an apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several .States under the Eleventh Census, the vote upon which motion was — yeas 35, nays 34. During the .seven weeks' con- sideration of the bill, Mr. Ookm.ax occupied the floor for a considerable time himself, was the recognized leader of the minority, and managed the parliamentary features of the de- bate. During the contest and discussion of the propo.sed legis- lation the people of the country came to realize that it was not wise legi.slation and not in the interest of the entire cc)untr\', and six able Republican Senators became likewi.se impressed. The adoption of the force bill would have called a halt on the prosperity of the .South, the .section of the country against which it was specialh' aimed, and would lia\'e re'egated it again to the sort of government it suffered in the days of re- construction; in fact, no man can tell how disastrous its adop- tion would have been to the whole coiuitry. Its defeat gave the South renewed courage and confidence in the future. Mil- lions of dollars traveled that way from all sections to be in- vested, new railnjads were built, old lines extended, cotton 74 Mtiiiiiria/ .h/drrsses : Artlinr I', (ioniiaii mills were erected, steel plants spranj< up; in fact, the develop- ment of the various interests of the South has been .so rapid that the railroad lines now in operation in that section are tmequal to transporting its cotton, steel, and various products, and general prosperity reigns. The deceased Senator is entitled to the gratitude of every patriotic citizen, and especiall\' of the people of the South- land. If he had rendered us no other public service, this of it.self ought to be sufficient to entitle him to the gratitude of the entire American people. This feeling in his own State was so great that wlien the Democratic vState convention met in 1891 Mr. Gokjian was unanimously named as the candi- date of his party for the Senate, a thing without precedent in the politics of Maryland, and in further recognition of his great services he was presented a handsome silver service, paid for by his admirers in the State. Mr. GoKM.vx was an ideal hu.sband and father, and no man in public life enjoxed home surroundings more thoroughly than he, more e.specially when he could leave Washington and return to his countr\' home in Howard Coinit\-, where he would enjoy farm life and his family without the constant interruptions of visitors and callers on all kinds of public and private business. He often remarked that this country life, surroiuided by his family, was the greatest relief to him — more relief than could be well imagined by one in pri- vate life. The Senator was charitable in every .sen.se of the word, and never was known to refuse to contribute to the relief of those in want and trouble. He took special care to .see that the families of his tried and true friends were properh' taken care of, and assisted in the way calculated to do the most good. I think, Mr. Speaker, that the lan- guage u.sed by Mr. Gorm.vn in his eulog)' on Senator Hoar, Address of Mi-. TalbotI, of Maryland 75 of Massachusetts, could be properly applied at this time to himself ; He was a man of pure and stainless life; he could feel for the victims of temptation. Mixed in his own creed, he was ever ready to recognize the sincerity of those who preached a different faith. Mr. CrOKMAX labored most intelliseiith- and constanth', and mastered ex'ery question and its details with which he had to deal. Without ever having studied law he could put the proper con.struction on a legislative or Congressional enactment. He thoroughly understood and could with great force di.scuss all ])ublic questions. He was prophetic on at least one impor- tant i|nestion. He was the first ])ubhc man to my knowledge who declared publicU- that the question of transportation and the control of railroad corporations would have to be dealt with by Congress. He was ever grateful to tlie people of his native -State who had so frequently honored him, and was largely instrumental in securing for them great and needed improvements. As Senator, in addition to looking after the material inter- ests of the State and city of Baltimore, he was iKjt luimindful of the claims of private citi/.ens and gave ])nnnpt attention to all matters to which they called his attention. Senator CrOKM.vx had enemies — all public men have had them in the past, and all l)ublic men will have them in the future — Init the compen.sation in his case was, he had hosts of warm, true friends, alwa>-s reach- and willing to assist him in his battles, who now confess their great loss and pay tribute to his memory and rejoice in the life he lived so well, so usefully, and .so honorably. He was extrenielv courteous in manner and one of the most attractive men it has ever been my fortune to know, accessible at all times to the humble citizen as well as to the citizen of wealth and ]iromincnce. All who came in contact with him became at 76 .^fcniorial Addresses : .Ir/fuir /'. Cm-nmii once impressed with tlie fact tliat he was a ijreat deal more tliaii the ordiiiar}'- man. We all miss him and mourn his loss, and will contintie to do so while life lasts, especiall\- those who were his almost daily companions and enjoyed his confidence and affection. The Speakkk. The Kentleman from Maryland [Mr. Talhotl] will please take the chair. Mr. T.M.HoTT assumed the chair. Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois Mr. Spkakkk: I have Ijeeii askeil to say a w'ord tmichiiiic the hfe anil sc-rvices of the late Arthur Pup; Gorman. The Ma.ster .said on one occasion, when one who ought to have accompanied him gave an excuse that his father was dead and he nmst needs go and Inu'v him, "Let the dead l)iir>- the dead." And as the life of a generation on an average is under 40 years, this rule nuist neces.sarily l)e observed. Otherwise the world would be one vast house of mourning and the race would not make pro.gress. And yet, when those cross the river with whom we ha^•e associated, to the famiU and friends and associates of the deceased the crossing begets sorrow, mourning, and regret, and the practice grows of paying a tribute where it is deserved to those who ha\-e crossed over. I had many \ears of service in the House coincident to the service of vSenator Gorman in the Senate. I became very well acquainted with him personally as well as in a legislative capac- it\ . My service upon the House Committee on Appropriations and his service, among other connnittees of the .Senate, upon the Senate Connnittee on Appropriations, brought me frequently in a.ssociation with him. That was true toward the clo.se of the session, when representing the Hou.se in conference, together with my colleagues, with Senator Gorman and his colleagues upon the ci.mference connnittee representing the .Senate, for the .settlement of differences between the two Ijodies. In fact, I may say that my acquaintance began with him in consequence of work of that kind. I could bear cheerful testimony, if it were needed — I think the worUl knows it without my bearing such testimon\-, however — that he brought to his work in a 78 Ml iiKtrial Addresses: .Irlltiir P. (roniiciii reinarkaljlt- iltgrec sincerit\" of purpose and a desire for service to the people of the United States in his leg-islative capacity. He not only brought great intelligence, great culture, great knowledge, great integrity, but he also brought great industry. Legi.slative duties in both House and Senate are .somewhat varied. There is a sentiment throughout the country to be conserved or created, and it is very important indeed from the partv standpoint and from the standpoint of the best interests of the Republic that there should be a just and correct sentiment, that is frequenth' nurtured — .--Dnietimes I ma\' say created — Ijv the debates in the two bodies. publicit\' being given b\- the press. There the man who abounds in oratory, with fitting words to clothe the ideas that he may have, becomes \aluable. But after all, with the new.spapers universal, I think the capacity to discu.ss public questions, as comj)ared with the capacitv to understand public business, and without display or oratory consider it, where one is in condition to a.ssist materially in its transaction, perhaps is a more valuable factor than the other factor of creating puljlic sentiment. I do not aim to minimize either of these factors. Senator (ruKM.\x as a debater was strong and forceful and clear, Init, in my judgment, his abilitN', his tact, his indu,str>-, and his knowledge in the conference room touching daily transactions in legislation were, to say the least of it, equal to his ability as a delwter in the Senate of the United States. Sometimes it is fashionable in the countrv, if we can not think of anything else to say, to cartoon or to put a humorous little bit in the newspapers, if they need a stickful, .sometimes a fling with or without malice, as it may be, at the Congress of the United States. We are not all Solomons in either the Hou.se or the Senate, nor are we all W'ebsters, nor are we all Gormaxs. ^■IMrrss of Mr. Cainioii, of Illinois 79 But, measuriii' S'ears. An old epitaph in Cheltenham cluirch- vard puts into the mouth of an infant who died at the age of three weeks the couplet — It is so soon that I am done for, I wondi r what I was begun for. And it .seems that all of us at times feel like asking that question. But we are so situated that, while we do sta\ , such is the necessity for effort that we may live and l)e subsisted, and care for those of the household and those who are to follow, and to pay our debt to civilization from the standpoint of reputation and from the standpoint of an honest desire to perform our function and do our part, we are content to do the best we can; and when the end ccjmes, in ni}- judgment. 8o Miiiion'a/ . l/Mrrsscs.- .Irlliiir I'. (,orniai! that man is a ha])]))' man who has been in ]iul)lic hfe and who can say, "Well, it is now liehiml me, hut in in\' day, to the best of my abiUty, I contributed to the progress of the Repiib- Hc and of civihzation as I was .tjiven to see the right." I beheve Arthi-r Pue Gorman, as he crossed over, liad the right to make that dechiratiou. Addnss of Mr. Clark, ofMissouri 8i Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri Mr. Speaker; It is pr()l)al)le that almost every Representa- tive and .Senator who was never innch in Washington prior to his election to Congress forms a somewhat definite opinion from afar as to the chief actors in this political and legislative scene; but after he has l)een here long enough to observe and study them at short range he will be compelled by the unimjieach- able evidence of hisown senses to modifx- his verdict in many cases, always to his surprise, sometimes with delight, and sometimes with regret, Public men may be divided roughh' into three classes: Those equal to their reputations, those bigger than their reputations, and those smaller than their reputations. Arthur Pue CtORMan at a distance, as described by the voice of fame, was a pleasing, a commanding figure. He grew on one from jiersonal contact and close insjiection. His hand- some presence, his win.some manners, his exquisite courtesy — which was ingrained, not put on and off as a garment — his thoughtful and unfailing kindness to newcomers, his unsur- pa.ssed tact, his rare equipoise, his wi.se counsel when .sought by even the humblest Member, his splendid powers as a con- ver.sationalist, all tended to enhance the high estimate one had formed of him from the public press and from the Congres- sional Record. I want to interpolate at this point a matter suggested by the very fine speech of Speaker Cannon. In the Christmas holi- days of 1899 the Southern Railroad ga\'e tlie ( iridiron Club an excursion to Charleston, vS. C. Going down and coming back they were the gue.sts of the road ; in Charleston the>' were the S, Doc. 404, 59-2 6 82 Miuiorial Addresses : Aitliiir 1'. (ioriiutii guests of the city ; and I never in my life had a more enjoyable trip. The club invited Senator Tillman, Senator Depew, and mvself to go along and make s])eeches, though as a matter of fact several members of the club could have made better speeches than an\' of us. On that trip I propounded this query to the members of the club one night, and I did it becau.se our reputations here depend very largel>' on what the newspapers say. I asked them how it was that you might take two men who on the whole were of about the same abilities and same influence in this House and in the Senate and they were always exploiting one of them and never exploiting the other. I said that I had no reason to complain, because I thought I had had my full share of exploitation. At first they denied the proposition. They said it was not true. Then I gave them a few samples that had fallen under my own ob.servatiou : and at last they gave this answer: That the\' supposed it must be true; that one man's style of speaking was epigrammatic or anecdotal; they could take an extract from that speech and make good reading news of it, while another man might make an equally good speech for the purpo.ses of legislation, but it was one they could not treat that way. And they came to the conclusion that that is really the reason why some Members of the House and some Senators always figure in the newspapers, while .some others of equal capacity' and of equal influence .scarcely appear in them at all. Early impressions are never effaced. My fatlier was an enthusiast touching phrenology and jihy.siognomy. He was an omniverous reader, and among the periodicals in which lie delighted and which he reconnnended to me as mental ])abulnm in my youth was the Phrenological Journal, published by h'owler & Wells. Mv favorite teacher in the conunon schools Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri S3 was a professional phrenologist. With such earl>- guides it was inevitable that I should all my days be a student of the human face divine. It is a most fascinating recreation. W'hile I have long since abandoned the theory that one ma>- deter- mine what is on the inside of a man's Iiead by feeling the bnm]is on the outside, I still adhere to the belief that there is nuich in both phrenology and physiognonn'. (rod writes a man's character and capacity in his face. To >ome his hand- writing is perfectly legible: to others it is an inscrutal)le mvsterv. Alexander Pope uttered an important truth when he said : The proper study of niaiikind is man. vSome men are .so ugh- and nngainh- that it is a positive advantage to them as public speakers b>- reason of the pleasur- able surpri.se which their eloquence or logic or learning excites in their hearers. Others are so prepo.ssessing that they have won the hearts of their audience before they hare opened their mouths. To this latter category Senator tk)KM.\x undoubtedly belonged. For some occult psychological reason we never or rarely speak of manly l:ieaut\-. By conunon consent and inune- morial custom we use the word '■beautiful" as descriptive of the females of our race. In the case of males we substitute the word "handsome." Senator C.ok.man was the handsomest man of his time. In my goings to and fro I have .seen only two as hand.some — C.en. John Cabell Breckenridge, who was Vice-President and \\\w in all probability would have been President of the Republic but for the war between the States, and John Henr> Neville, my profe.ssor of Greek at Kentucky University, who divided all mankind into (^reeks and barba- rians. To look upon the countenance of any of this distin- guished trio was a feast for the eyes. With the dead there is no rivalry; hence I can say these 84 Memorial .Iddrcssis : .l)tli)ir J\ (r(>r»iaii tliinj^s withijut offtiise. Proof conclusi\-e of ,Senat(ir Gok.man's handsomeness is this: In Washington there is a company wliose chief business is tlie making of cuts to ilhistrate newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and books. For the purpose of adver- tising its work it always sends out cuts of the superb head and face of Senator Gorman. His cast of features was Greek — such as Phidias would ha^•e delighted to commemorate in marble and Apelles to reproduce on canvass. His intellect po.sse.s.sed all the subtlety of the Greek mind in the palmy days of the Atlienian philo.sophers. Of moderns, he resembled Talleyrand rather than Napoleon. He was a di])liimatist of the highest order — a most skillful man- ager of men — the most consunnnate parliamentary leader of his generation. Others excelled him in eloquence, in learning, in debating ability, and in power of repartee, huX in strategy he overtopped them all. To him is peculiarly applicable the old Latin dictum, " Suaviter in modo, fortiter, in re." To u.se an expression homely 1iut full of meaning, he "took things In- the smooth handle. He rose to the leadership of the Senate Democrats not by self- seeking, but by rea.son of his universally acknowledged fitness for that high and onerous position. His defeat of the Lodge "force bill" must ever be regarded as one of the most brilliant victories achieved In" any minorit\' leader in the histor>- of Congress. It so endeared him to the .southern people that they would have gladly made him Pre.si- dent, though they differed with him on more than one impor- tant matter of policy; and the chances are that he would have won that distinction, the ne ]ilus ultra of human aml)ition, had he been en rapport with the Democracy of the West on the tariff and financial questions. It is generally believed that he threw away the Presidency at Chicago in 1S92 by refusing to Address of Mr. Clark, of Missonr? 85 permit his friends to make a fight for him. No adequate exj)la- iiation of his refusal has ever been \ouchsafed to us — perhaps never will he. Outside the Senate his masterpiece was the successful man- agement of the Presidential campaign of i.S,S4. It was a most brilliant performance and entitles him to a place in the very front rank of American political leaders. There is little doubt that had he been chairman of the national conunittee in 1.S88 Grover Cle\-eland would ha\-e been reelected and the current of our history changed for \ears — it ma>- be forever. Whether, on the whole, the histor>- of our countrs- for the last nineteen years would be more jileasant to contemplate is a (piestion al)out which men will differ and which 1 will not argue on this occasion; but surely it is not inapropos or in bad taste to say that had Cleveland been reelected in 188S two momentous snb- .sequent events would not have happened — the passage of the McKinley tariff bill and the election of William McKinley to the Presidencv — for it nuist be clear to the philo.sophical stu- dent of our history that while the McKinle>- tariff law, assisted by a gerrymander of Ohio, eliminated McKinley from Con- gress, the same causes made him governor twice and sent him to the White House for two terms. It is altogether jnobable that McKinley was greatly cast down by his defeat for Con- gre.ss in 1890. If .so, when he delivered his optimistic .second inaugural address, March 4, 1901, if he gave any thought to that defeat, he must have clearly realized the truth of the old .saying that "seeming calauiities are .sometimes blessings in di.sgui.se." First and last there has been much i)hilosophizing as to how freqtiently in this world great events hinge upon small one.s — so small, in fact, as to appear trifles light as air. In one of the finest passages in his delightful lectures on the "Four 86 Memorial Addresses: Artlinr /'. (ronitaii Georges" — and there is no nobler prose in our vernacular — William Makepiece Thackeray tells how in 1715 James vStuart failed to gain the Three Kingdoms because certain of his ad- herents who were to escalade Edinburgh Castle stopped to drink his health in a tavern in Edinburgh town and arrived two hours too late at the rendezvous under the castle walls. So it may be said that but for the Cleveland-Gorman feud Cleveland might have been reelected in 1888; Democratic policies might have been put in force; Cleveland would not have been reelected in 1S92, for Democrats are unalterablv opposed to a third term for any man; and if Democratic poli- cies had proved acceptable, we would have conducted the affairs of the Repulilic for many years. Who was to blame for the quarrel betwixt those two conspicuous men, so unlike . in mind, method, training, and careers, I am not trying to settle now — it would be out of place; l»nt I most heartily conuuend it to the hi.storian of our times as the turning point in our politics ever since and perhaps for decades yet to come. I hope, however, that I may be pardoned this comment — that to think of what has Iteen and then what might have been is enough to make a Democrat sick at heart. Mr. CiORM.\N- was a protege of Stephen A. Douglas and took his first political lessons out of the book of that remark- able man. It is .strictly within the bounds of truth to .say that the pupil was worth>- of the master. Botli led their part\- in the Senate in stirring times, and each narrowl\- mi,s,sed the highest political honor when it seemed almost within his gra.sp. If Senator Gorman ever experienced any disappointment or felt any bitterness becau.se of his failure to reach the Presi- dency, he gave no sign, but went on serenely, courteously, and with dignity until the final sununons came. Address oj Mr. Smi/h, of AJary/aiid 87 Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland Mr. Speaker: The career of the late Senator Gorman in its historical and biographical aspects has been dwelt upon ably and in detail in both Houses of Congress \-esterday and to-day, and he occupied such a large place in the National Legislature and was so intimately connected with many great events during his long service at the Capitol, which, with his part therein, will go down in American history, that it is neither necessary nor desirable for me to refer even in the briefest way to what he was and did as a Senator of the United States. As a Representative from Maryland I rise here to pay a feeble tribute to his memory, impelled by the knowledge that the people of my district wish me upon this sad occasion to join in recalling the virtues of the dead, and this tribute, inade- quate as it is, is an expression, too, of the personal sorrow of one who was proud to po,s.sess the friendship of that son of Maryland whose vacant seat in the Senate echoed the vacancy in the hearts of his people. Measured by his accompli.shments in the other end of the Capitol, Mr. Gorman's name will .stand high upon the roll of Maryland Senators. It was his good fortune that the best part of his pidilic life was cast in a period when the work at hand was fitted to his eminent abilities, to his shrewdne.ss in debate, his wisdom in council, and his unrivaled political generalship. It is the.se qualities for which he will be remembered, and his u.sefulness in the vSenate and to the country as a statesman of well-poi.sed and practical talents, a usefulness .so long and so widely recognized, can ne\-er fade from the record of American national legislation. 88 Ml iiioriii/ Aiidn-sscs: Arlltnr P. Goriiiaii Industry and self-reliance were ilistin.i,aiishini;- traits of the page whose patron was Douglas as thev were of the Senator when he had gained the same heights upon which the figure of Douglas had been the object of his boyish admiration. All through his life Mr. Gokm.\x was a hard worker, and in the earlier portion of it largely dependent upon his own efforts and capabilities, and from this viewpoint his career teaches with silent force the lesson of the cardinal characteristics which have always been the root of the development and perfecting of the individual in tair American leaders. Mr. GoR.MAX was a lo\able man, as thou.sands can testify, and the man as he was known in )onder Senate was the .same man as he was known in the lowliest walks of life. ' In per- sonal intercourse he was kindly and generous, and amid all the disillu.sionments and .sometimes sordid .scenes of political strife which, more than most men, it was his lot to encoiuiter he still ]ire.ser\'ed a gentle and winning manner and a sweetne.ss of temper which endeared him to his friends and acquaintances and shed a Ijeneficent influence upon all with whom he came in contact. We. with many others, have seen and wondered at the composure, the grave courtesy, the kindliness of speech and of thought and of action which, whether in public gather- ings, friendh" or otherwise, or in the shelter of our homes and his, charmed and .soothed. In the varied private relations of life, in that environment where one is really tested as to true and unshaded character, Mr. Gorman' uniformly exhibited, and to a very marked degree, all the virtues which bless the spheres of family and friendship. His mortal body is hidden forever from our .sight by the grave, but from its darkne.ss and silence blooms, and will for- ever bloom for us, the memory of his goodness, of his great- ness, and of his patriotism. Address of Mr. Si)ii//i, of Mary/and 89 ADDRESS OF Mr. Livingston, of Georgia Mr. SrEAKEK: Senator Oorman was, in connnon parlance, a self-made man. He had, by lont;" contact with public men and public affairs, an extensive knowledge of men and thint;s. This knowledge, with his .splendid endowment of conun(.)n .seiLse, his unflinching integrity', his s\inpath\' for all, his .gen- tleness and innate modesty, qualified him for the duties of life, whether to the .State or to .society, and made him a very popu- lar citizen and official and a beloved husl)and and father. To know him was to love him. His official life has been largely dwelt upon in the,se .services, both here and in the Senate. He was an official con.servative, .safe, and succe.ssful, hence his designation as a leader in the Senate and his political party as well as his fast hold upon his people in his native State. Hut for his modesty or lack of aggressiveness he would have headed the ticket for President as a representative of the national Democratic party. He was an old-fashioned Democrat, with- out the taint of many new-fangled notions called "principles," so common at this da>-. He certainly held that the Govern- ment was by the people, from the people, and for the people — a simple Democrat. His coinisel and advice were .sought and titilized by the leaders in his political j)art>- generalh', and on more than one occa.sion when his counsel was not followed came defeat. He was a manly man, and, indeed, when he fell asleep a great man had fallen — great in his party, great in his official position as a Senator, great, in the broad sense, as a citizen of this great and growing country, and while we can no longer look upon his plea.sant and cheerful face nor .seek his coun.sel or leadership, yet his works, his words, and life are left us that we may in coming generations admire and follow in his footsteps. 90 Mtiitorial Addresses : Arthur I'. Lroriiiaii Address of Mr. Clayton, of Alabama Mr. Speakek : Two reasons constrain me to say something on this occasion. First, the ohlig^ation, the debt of ji^ratitude, that the people of Alabama owe Senator Gokm.\n for his vain- able services in more than one instance during the last thirt\- years in various political conflicts in that vState, involving, as the white people there believed then and now believe, the maintenance of Christian civilization it.self. Senator Cok.m.\n on repeated occasions lent to us his counsel and his wisdom, and in other ways gave to us a helinng hand in our hours of darkness and trial. Again, Mr. Speaker, I am constrained to say something because of my umiualified re.spect and great admiration for the man, I first came to kno^v Senator Gorman at the national convention at vSt. Louis in 1SS8, when Mr. Cleveland was nominated for the .second time. From that day to this, in every national campaign, I came into contact with Senator Gorman, and met him officially and socially upon my advent here ten years ago. I think I knew the man as he was, and I believe that if he had adopted a Latin motto it w^juld hr.ve been " e.sse (juam videri," for to me he was always what he seemed to be. Mr. Gorman was not a self-seeker ; he rarely ever thrust his advice upon others ; he was modest ; he was retiring ; yet he was ready and willing to advi.se, and ready and willing to do when called upon. That he was mode.st is perhaps best attested by the modest biography written in the Congressional Directorv. There is not one line of self-laudation, there is not Address of Mr. Clayton, of .llabaiiia 91 one claim in there that he did anything worthy of praise, and liis life was full of meritorious conduct. Those who served with him in the vSenate, and those in the House who knew him, have testified to the number of conspicuous, brilliant, and useful things that he did, and yet in his modest biographical sketch he makes no mention of an>' of them. The mere achievements, the mere political honors that came to him, are stated in their chronological order. With that he contents himself. I shall not speak at length of his services to the country, but I was glad to see that in reading the account of the proceedings in the Senate on ye.sterday some measure of justice has been done to Senator Gorman, even in this late (la\-, in regard to what his position is alleged to have been in reference to the Wilson- Gorman bill. The error became broadca.st, and it still survives to .some extent, that Mr. Gorman took the Wilson bill after it had reached the vSenate and ema.scnlated it, added to it, and struck out, so that it met the condemnation of the Chief Exec- utive. The facts are, as testified to by his colleagues, that when the Senate Democratic caucus or conference was held, Mr. Gorman presiding, the first man to denounce any schedule or any part of the Wilson-Gorman bill was a southern Senator who denounced the sugar schedule of that measure. The next Senator to denounce any .schedule in that bill was a Senator from my own State, denouncing the coal and iron schedule. I shall not go into a discussion of the reasons that animated these Senators. I merely cite this fact to show that Senator GoK- .MAN should not be anathematized for anything that was done or attempted to be done with the Wilson-Gorman bill. Senator Gorman occupied the unique position of trying to harmonize the different views of his Democratic colleagues, in order that there might be a bill agreed upon and some legislation had. 92 Mfiuorial Addresses: Arthur P. Corniaii And the bill as i)as.sed represented, as I understand it, not the individnal <)])inion of Senator Gokmax, but it was the result of the attempt to harmonize the different \-ie\vs of the members of the dominant part>- in the vSenate. It is to be noted, Mr. Speaker, in viewing the history of the Democratic party, that it has triumphed but twice since the great civil war, and Aktiu'k P. Gorm.vx had more to do with .shaping the forces and with the management of the campaign that led to the first of these triumphs than an\- other man; and, in my judgment, he did as much as, if not more, in the other successful campaign than perhaps any other man. I recall that in one memorable campaign, when the ]iart\- was bold and aggressive, that .some of the leaders of the party discoun- tenanced the idea that Mr. Gor.ai.\n .should be promineTit in the party councils and in its leadership in that campaign. I believe, Mr. vSpeaker, that if the management of the campaign of 1896 had been put in the hands of Arthur P. Gorman, skillful and able and experienced as he was, and less skillful and less experienced as was the gentleman from Ohio, Mr. Hanna, that victory would have perched upon the Democratic banner. The per.sonal appearance of Senator Gorman was not only distinguished, but hand.some. His face was classical, intel- lectual, and attractive. It was as clear-cut and as beautiful as a cameo. He was manly in his bearing, yet mode.st and cour- teous and considerate of all of his fellows. While Mr. Gok.max has gone to that Countr\- from whosu Ixjurn N\) traveler returns, yet he has indelibly impressed himself upon the pages of the history of his country; and from the study of the life of this great man the youth of (jur country may draw hope and A(idrtss of Mr. Clavtmi, of .llahaiiia 93 encouragement, however humble or poor they ma\- be. or how- ever circumscribed are their environments. For from a poor hoy of limited education he became the leader of his part>' in his State and in the nation. I learned to respect, I learned to admire him : and I sliare with all of his former associates the universal regret at his initimely departure. 94 McDiorial Addresses: Aitlinr /'. Gorman Address of Mr. Towne, of New York Mr. Speaker; I am profonndly grateful for the opportunity jf participating in the tribute which this House, in obedience to an ancient and honorable custom, to-day paj-s to the memory of the distinguished late Senator from Maryland. I had not the opportunity of quite .so close and long a,ssociation with the late Senator Gokji-\n in public life as had some of tho.se .gen- tlemen wlio have already participated in this commemoration. Hut I enjoyed for a number of years the honor of a close per- .sonal acquaintance with him. and I recei\cd from him so man\" proofs of regard and confidence that this occasion has for me the .sanction of a privilege as well as of a dut}'. Unfortunately, it has not been possible for me, in the rush of other duties, to make that jireparation fur this occasion which its solemnity and interest and niv own inclination impart to it, Ijut fortunateh that is a lack that will not be felt. The addresses that are to be and that have already been made here this afternoon will more than supplement any inij)er- fection in what I myself might say. I have been particularly instructed and interested by tlie ilhnninating addre.ss of the distinguished gentleman from Missouri [Mr. Clark] , who never touches with deliberation anything that he does not ornament, and I can subscribe most heartily to the \-erdict he has given on the personalit>', thb genius, and the public .services of our distinguished friend. Personally, as oth.is have testified, and as everybody who knew him well must testif\-, Senator Gormax was a man of most delightful manners. Pleasure always shown upon his face when he met a friend. He was sincere, democratic, modest, Address of Mr. Tmviic, of Nc7c York 95 with a real and not affected tli>inity. He aKva\s bore liiniself with that nice equipoise appropriate at once to tlie genial friend and the occupant of exalted public station. In respect of those ([ualities which gave him his influence among men perliajis it may be well to specify as chief among all his sincerit\-, his al)solute reliability His word could always be depended upon wherever he gave it under circumstance that made it possible of performance. He believed thoroughly in the importance of duties and func- tions of the legislative branch of the Government. He took his official oath .seriously. There have been few .so strenuous and able defenders of the prerogatives of the vSenate and of the independence of the legislative department (jf the Govenuuent as Senator Gorman was. He knew that the practical work s be bestow'ed by .somebody upon the course of procedure in either l)od\-, but which seldom rewards the assiduity and attention of the conscientious legislator with any- thing beyond that consciousne.ss of duty well performed, which is, perhaps, after all, the chief reward for the doing of any good thing. In debate Senator Gorji.vn's master\- of the subject-matter; his skill in dialectic; his direct, succinct method of .statement; his interesting and captivating voice and presence, made him an allv to tie valued and an opponent to be feared. His equip- ment for legislative work was considerable, although not so fully rounded as might have l)een the case had he earl>- enjoyed wider academic opportunities. His experience in minor posi- tions in the service of the vSenate, his acquaintance with the great political leaders of his time, the earnestness with which he earh' threw himself into the political acti\'ities of his party, 96 Mi'iiiDrial . Ii/i//rssrs : Ai'tliitr I'. (,<>n)iaii liis xreat n!einor\'. his natural logical power of classification and influence, e(|uippele was direct and forcible. The distinguished gentle- man from Missouri [Mr. Clark] has .submitted .some observa- tions, of characteri.stic force and interest, upon the subject of oratory, a word that in my judgment is often misap])lied. I have known many excellent .speakers, but very few orators, and .still fewer great orators. Senator Gokm.\n perhaps never could ha\e lieen a great orator. Temperamentally he had not that jiower of self-infusion into his subject, that magneti.sm, that compelling force which characterizes masters of the art of persuasion. But in power of statement, in knowledge of what his auditor ought to hear, in ability to state it so that his auditor could not fail to iniderstand it, and in .so relating the parts of his dis- course as to make tliem converge to the conclusion that he de- sired, he was a man po.ssessed of very con.siderable art, no small part of the art of oratory. Referring now to temperamental characteristics, and recognizing fully the difference between the two men, his method was more like that of Alexander Hamilton than, let us .say, like that of Patrick Henry. His effect was the effect of the reason rather than of the imagination. His appeal was to the judgment rather than to the feelings. The very highest oratory, of course, eml)races both. It is very seldom that a man po.sses.ses both structural capacity and ornamental power. Like great architecture, true oratory is at once .struc- tural and Ijeautiful. When it is fundamentally .structural, with its beaut>- incident to its structure, it then approaches to the jierfection which we find illustrated in \-er\- few of the greatest masters, like Demosthenes and Daniel Webster. It certainly is no impugnment of a man tliat he did not reach, as a parlia- Address of Mr. Toumi\ of Nciv York 97 nientary debater, the stature of the highest examples in that kind ; but as a practical legislative leader, as a manager and a tactician, it is altogether probable that we have not seen among his contemporaries in either branch of the National Con- gress the equal of the distinguished Senator from Maryland. As a leader in the field of general politics in the country he was a man eminent for his tact, for his luiderstanding of the political situation in every quarter of the Republic, for his ability to marshal his forces and use them, and aliove all, according to \\\y own observation and judgment, for that peculiar capacity that has distinguished only really great men, of discounting temporary misinformation, of declining to be guided by momentary caprice or misled l)y the ha.sty con- clusions of subordinates, particularly when of a startling or an alarming character. Emerson has .somewhere spoken of the nece.ssity and importance of learning what the hours are .saying to the centuries; and oftentimes a man whose ears are filled with the hubbub of controversy in his inuuediate vicinity for- gets the larger lessons of time and. moved by a local dis- turbance, may wreck jirinciples of national extent. Senator Gorman was a man who was never flushed by rumor, who never lost his head. When others were dismayed, he was invariably his own master, calm, cool, collected, and resource- ful, able to apply all the lessons of his accumulated valuable experience to the innnediate problem of a pressing emergency; one of the greatest qualifications for political leadership that a man can have. Others have spoken and this relieves me from the nece.ssity of doing so at any length, Mr. Speaker, of the connection of Senator Gorman with certain .specific acts of legi-slation. Attention has been properly called to the great patriotic .service he performed in that long contest, demanding a greater exer- S. Doc. 404, 59-2 7 98 Memorial Addresses : Arthur P. (iorniaii cise of political sagacity, tact, and strategy than perhaps any other parliamentary fight in our own or any other legislative history. h\ which the "force bill," as it has been properly called, was finally defeated — a .service in which, I believe, the dominant opinion of the country to-day approves the feeling with which the South at the time greeted this tremendous victory. Reference has been made also to the tariff le.gislation in which Senator Gorman took .so active a j«rt. I happen to know the Senator's convictions upon the general subject of the tariff. I have no .sort of sympathy with that criticism which represents Senator Gorman as a .sort of Mephi.stopheles or Richelieu, who pretended to favor one thing while he inteniled to do another. His views upon the tariff question were never disgui.sed in any particular. He never claimed to be a free trader, btit openly avowed his belief that we can not frame a tariff system ba.sed upon the language of the general-welfare clause of the Constitution, but that such incidental protection as the inipo.sition of duties gives to the industries of the country is strictly appurtenant to the revenue power. The contention was that the statesman mu.st con.sider condi- tions as they exist at the time of his legislation. He was a very practical man. He was not for an instant a slave to a priori or doctrinaire abstractions. He set to work to frame a bill which should raise an adequate revenue without disturb- ing American industries. vSenator Gorman was a diplomat. It is true that he was not in the habit of issuing proclamations announcing what he was abotit to do. He never went about his business, when it was important business, heralded by a brass band. But there is a good deal of difference, Mr. Speaker, between reticence as to what your purposes are and pretense as to what they are not. Mr. Gorman's part in the Address of Mr. Toivnt\ of New York 99 long-continued deliberations which resulted in I.S94 in the enactment of the Wilson-Gorman law has been generally rec- ognized. But he had scarceh' less share in the enactment of the interstate- commerce law of 1887, the pioneer legislation on a subject that has recently enjoyed so large a share of the attention of the Government. Senator Gorman has frequently I)een represented as the opposite to the idealist, as a man intensely materialistic and given to considerations of expediency rather than of fidelity to abstract principles. I have in mind many illustrations to show that this is a complete misconception of his character. He was an intensely practical man and believed that legisla- tion is a practical business. His dispo.sition was to get what he could, and when he could not get what he thought he ought to have, he compromi.sed and got all he could. Hut he would not comjiromise a principle. I have in mind as an illustration of this phase of his character and habit what occurred comparatively recently in regard to the Panama Canal. .Senator Gorman realized as vividly as anybody could realize what the connnercial interest of the South was in hav- ing an interoceanic canal, but he did not approve the method wherebj" the Panama route was adopted and finally secured. I hope it is not against the proprieties of this occasion for me to say that I do not believe any Democrat will blame Senator Gorman for taking his stand in defense of the old principles of the Democratic party as against yielding to what seemed a connnercial advantage to the Southern States. I have always honored him for his attitude at this juncture, and I l:>elieve that a very large measure of praise will ultimately be given to him when the hi.story of this proposition comes to be written. It is true, Mr. Speaker, that this great man, like all other men of force in affairs long prominent in the public eye, in lOO Mcniurial Addresses : Artliitr P. Gonna ii intimate association with great events in the history of their country, encountered much and l)itter criticism. He did not, indeed, object to criticism, honest criticism. He welcomed it. No puhhc man shrinks from honest criticism. He must l)e always ready to render an account to his fellow-citizens and to the judgment of posterity for his acts, and he nmst expect that his character and his deeds will pass xmder the .scrutin>- of men who do not agree with him anil wh(3 will willingly find nothing to comment on to his advantage. But, sir, it is, to my mind, a most .sorrowful thing that another kind of criticism spent its fury upon the head of the uncomplaining .Senator from Maryland in the last hours of his life. The .snarls and cries of ghouls and jackals mingled with the sounds of the clods that fell upon his coffin. Tlie function of the muck-raker, Mr. Speaker, is, properly speaking, not one of criticism at all. It is frankly one of pessimism, of spite, of hatred, of elemental, savage, indiscriminate cruelty. Nothing could better illustrate the extent to which the public judgment may be temporarily demoralized than that the opin- ions of so many earnest and honest men .should be swaved bv the mercenary rhetoric of certain brilliant but perverted minds in the .ser\-ice of .splenetic disappointment, groveling jealou.sy, and vengeful degeneracy, displayed in a.ssaults upon the char- acters of public men, wherein a devilish artificer seeks by one grain of truth to give color to a whole ocean of inference and allegation. I believe, Mr. .Speaker, that the time is at hand when we may hope to derive some public good from this calamity. Nearly every wrong bears in it the seeds of its own correction. I believe the pendulum is about to swing the other way. I believe the people of the United .States are losing patience with this tendency gratuitously to impute to public men the very worst motives of which their conduct is Addi-ess of Mr. Tozviic, of Nczv York loi susceptible as the result of the most ini;enious misconstruc- tion, and to picture practically every Member of l)oth bodies of the American Cougress as the secret, willing, and corrupted tool of interests opposed to the public welfare. As I lea\-e public life myself, sir, I am glad to welcome for those who remain a better condition of public sentiment in this respect. I do not know, Mr. {Speaker, what the opinions of Senator Gorman were touching the great issues of the hereafter. I do know, I think, that whatever they were they were sincerely and fearlessly entertained, and that, as was the case with every other problem that I ever knew to pre.sent itself to his mind, he had adjusted himself to a solution that was satisfactory to himself. For myself I believe as devoutly as it is pcs.sible for me to believe anything that the .soul of the great Senator from Maryland, untrammeled by the necessities and the influences of its temple of mortality, is to-day free, somewhere in this great universe, to proceed upon its unimpeded patliwa}- of illimitable development. I can not look upon the history of things as we see them recorded in geology, in the science of anthropology, and in the development of human institutions without being convinced profoundly, sir, that all that religion reveals and all that science ascertains are aksolutely in har- mony in the demonstration of this great probability ffor, in the nature of tilings, until some traveler comes back from that bourne whence none has ever yet returned we can not have absolute knowledge) that, whereas the earlier reaches of time were devoted to the evolution of the human body; and whereas, next in importance, the human mind absorbed the energies of evolutionary force; and whereas, finally, in the growth of altru- ism, and in the realization of the brotherhood of man, there began to expand the limitless possibilities of the human .soul, the third and crowning consummation in the long process of I02 Memorial Addresses: Arthur P. Gornian evolutional progress; and whereas conditions here on earth for so little a time are so adverse to the development and perfection of those high capacities, it is a reasonable, if not a necessary, conclusion, to which science as well as religion points, that there nuist lie reserved, in the stretches of time succeeding this mor- tal existence, an opportunity for the perfection of that highest achievement of the processes of creation, the human soul. And so to-day, as I pay m\' tribute of love and reverence to the memory of my great and departed friend, it is not as one who sorrows utterly, but as one who looks forward with a faith that is absolute to the time when he and all of us, beyond the trials and tribulations of mere mortality, shall be still employed in working out the ultimate purpo.ses of that Divine Intelli- gence that created everything. Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi lo: Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi Mr. SpKAKEk: Mort than half a century agi> there might liave been seen a bright-eyed, promising youth darting through the halls of this Capitnl, doing the errands of a page. This boy was Arthur Puk Oorman. Born of a splendid Scotch-Irish parentage almo.st under the shadow of this historic building, and having come in personal contact with nearly all the great ]>olitical leaders from Henry Clay to those who now move about us, and luu'ing lieen bles.sed by nature with a strong, incisive intellect and a winning per- sonality, and having acquired reasonable educational advan- tages, how could he have become less great? He spent his boyhood days in the atmosphere of eloquence and statesmanship; the thundering eloquence of Welxster ex- pounding the Constitution and the scathing logic of the gifted Calhoun, defending States rights, was .still ringing in the ears of tho.se who moved about him in his earliest boyhood days. At the age of 14 he was appointed a page in the United States Senate. The venerable Clay was still there. Sumner and Seward were ju.st ri.sing in their transcendent intellectual glory. Judah P. Benjamin, William L. Yancey, and Robert Toombs were among his daily preceptors. Stephen A. Douglas, the little giant of the West, was his personal friend and great liene- factor. Doubtless from this fiery, brilliant Democrat young Gorman acquired many of his successful traits of political character. In his maturer years he was the companion and compatriot of I,amar, Benjamin H. Hill, Randall, Conkling, Blaine, and Garfield, the sublimest aggregation of forensic in- tellectuality ever produced by any age or country. These great I04 Alemorial Addresses: Artlutr P. Gorman national characters were the associates of the late Senator GORIIAN from his boyhood days to the period when he reached the vigor of full manhood, and he seemed to have imbibed their successful traits of character without embracing their follies. In the course of time he became a parliamentary leader superior to either of them. If Robert E. Lee was the greatest military leader of the South, it can likewi.se be said that the late Senator Gorman was her greatest parliamentarian and political leader. He had the power of leading his party to victory even in the face of almost certain defeat. He never surrendered, however impending the danger or however meager the chances of success. His career scintillates with success at every turning point — always being equal to any emergency. His life was a continu- ous scene of successful progression from boyhood up. After serving as a page in the Senate he was made postmaster of that body; then internal-revenue collector for the Fifth district of Maryland; then a member and speaker of the Maryland house of delegates; then, in 1880, at the age of 41, he entered the greatest forum in the world, the United States Senate. In that body he soon rose to the leadership of his party, and after three successive terms he was succeeded in the Senate by another, though in 1903, at the very next turn of the political wheel in his native State, he was returned to the Senate and, by the unanimous consent of his Democratic colleagues, was restored to the leadership of his part}- — a tribute won by his merit and conferred in a spirit of chivalrj-. Mr. Speaker, many, many years will come and go ere the South will cease to revere the memory of this great man. In 1 89 1, when this House, under the leadership of the iron and irrepressible Reed, pas.sed and sent to the Senate the Federal election bill — commonly known as the "force bill" — the last Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi 105 attempted iufamy of reconstruction, the bravest of our South- ern statesmen despaired before the impending doom. In that fair section business was paralyzed; the throb of industry was hushed; the plowshare was left standing in the unbroken fields, and the spectral horrors of reconstruction again haunted every hamlet. Chilled was the blood of man}- a brave man and fair woman at the contemplation of the cruelties of Federal bayonets and African misrule. It seemed as though the last remaining ves- tige of vStates rights and civil liberty surviving the late civil war was about to be extinguished. At its crisis the vSouth appealed to the fair and the ju.st of every section. Many southern leaders seemed helpless and hopeless in the face of the overwhelming partisan opposition in the Senate. Not .so with Senator Gorman. He had an intuitive conviction of the justice of the cause and was sustained by an unfaltering moral courage, the indi.spen.sable virtue in every successful leader. He was bold, j'et prudent; active, yet patient; unyielding, yet conservative, watchful, and, above all things, as brave as the bravest. Unlike some other leaders he took but little part in the geat debate. He acted while others talked. In this re- spect he more nearly approximated Parnell, the great Irish patriot and leader, than any other modern statesman. Like all great leaders, Parnell summoned to his aid his greatest lieu- tenants to do his talking while he acted and worked. In this regard Senator Gorman might indeed truly have been called the Moses of the »Senate, while his colleagues were its Aarons. When the forensic battle over the force bill was raging in the Senate and when the high tide of partisan denunciation had been reached, he was not disturbed, but remained cool, delib- erate, and calculating. In the wild scenes of that august body it appeared that in him "Reason held the helm, while pas- io6 Memorial Addresses: .Irtliiir P. Gorman siou blew the gale. " Like his great military- prototype, Stoue- wall Jackson, who often, in the midst of the wild carnage of battle, would silently and quietly search about the ranks of the enemy for a more vulnerable point of assault, so Senator GoK- MAX, in the mid.st of the fray, reconnoitered the enemy's posi- tion, observing a weak point here and the stronghold there, and never failed to take prompt advantage of every position assail- able. His superb parliamentary tactics and leadership thwarted all the well-laid plans of the Senate majority, and when the smoke of battle had cleared away the victory was his; the force bill was relegated to oblivion and the country^ was free. Mr. Speaker, in the same grave where slumbers this attempted political ustirpation is buried sectional hatred. The gulf of malice that so long existed between the Xorth and South has closed fotever. The sections are united in all the ties that inspire national greatness: the people have learned to know each other better and to love each other more. Now we have a great common country, a homogeneous people with kindred hopes and united aspirations. We are like the ancient States of Greece, each Commonwealth a kingdom unto itself, yet con- tending each with the other in sacrifices for the good of the common country. The death of the force bill was the birth of .southern pros- perity. England's greatest historian tells us that in five years after the wars of Cromwell, that involved every English family and every foot of her .soil, the people were restored to their nor- mal prosperity, but it was forty j-ears after the termination of the late civil war before the South could realize a throbbing pulse of increasing prosperity. That which the ravages of war left was prostrated and paralyzed by the infamy of reconstruc- tion, but these gloomy days have passed, and the South is now on the liigh road to prosperity. Upon the death of the force Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi 107 bill commenced an increasing wave of industrial develoinnent and onward it has rolled tmtil the wealth and industrial effort of that long-paralyzed section have man>- times nudtiplied. The energies, the aspirations of a great people long stupefied by the cruel apprehensions of African misrule, have been diverted into channels of industrial endeavor. Home rule and local self-government have Ijeen vouchsafed to the people of that section; northern capital, like the rivers into the sea, has l.)een flowing into that section from every quarter of the Union. Many noble and good people of the North and West are seek- ing homes in the sunny South, and they are always received with welcome and .soon become thoroughly assimilated to our .social and political conditions. The throb of the engine, the whir of the spindle, the ring of the hammer may now be heard in ever\- handet of the South; and the bursting granary, the contented negro in the snow- white cotton fields, the .screaming locomotive, the romping children, the lullaby of the "housewife, plying her evening care," all bespeak peace and industrial contentment. Too, they proclaim a eulogium of the deeds and virtues of the great departed Senator more eloquent than human tongue can utter. He has erected a monument in the hearts of millions that will chant his prai.ses along the corridors of time. The monu- mental shaft, .so high as to pierce the thunder's home and more lasting than brass, does not endure like the inscription of grati- tude upon the tablet of the human heart. The heroism of Leonidas is still fresh and green in the meuKjry of the liberty- loving world, while the scorpion has long been hiding in the ruins of monumental Greece. Emmet's martyrdom to liberty, though without a stone carved to his memory, will be remem- bered as long as Erin's blood flows in mortal veins. So the memory of this great tribune of the people will not vanish with io8 Mctiiorial Addresses : Arthur P. Gor»iaH , passing years. Coming generations will do him honor and hold up his superb life as worthy of emulation by their aspiring sons. But the defeat of the force bill was not the only public serv- ice rendered by Senator Gorman worthy of con.sideration. It will be remembered that when the Paris treaty, by which we acqtiired the Philippines, was sent to the Senate, he, as the leader of the minority in that Ijody, at once marshaled his forces to defeat its ratification, and many believe that he would have succeeded but for the intermeddling and intervention of others high in the counsels of the Democratic party. He believed that the imperialistic policy of the party in power was in contravention of the spirit and the letter of the Constitution and that it would ultimately breed disastrous consequences. How ominouslj- prophetic was his wisdom when viewed in the light of the fact that this colonial pet has cost the Government $700,000,000 and the lives of thousands of brave and gallant soldiers. This great sacrifice has been made without any benefit whatever to our Govenmient. The blood of the gallant Lawton cries out in condemnation of this infamous polic\-. At this very hour every wind that l)lows from the Pacific brings forebodings of war with Japan, and should it come, the wisdom of the great Senator will be doubly verified. In the future may we profit by his wisdom and at the very first opportunity pass this bitter cup to more congenial lips. Like all truly great men, vSenator Gor.m.a.n did not exhaust all his virtues in the public arena, but his character was equally sublime in private life. In his domestic relations he was loving, true, gentle, and kind. He loved his home, his people, and his God. He was charitable to the poor and with- out envy of the rich. The ragged newsboy and the hard- pressed laborer could always reach his manl\- heart. His Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi 109 generous cliarity and kind words waked "to ecstasy" the slum- bering ambition of many a forlorn youth. Not until the scrolls of eternity are unfolded will the full measure of his benedictions to humanity be realized. But his manly voice is silent. The eagle that long soared about the mountain's peak has been stiicken to earth. Death, the antithesis of life, the avenger of all, the respecter of none, the grim me.s.senger from — we know not where — with icy finger touched his heart and bade it l)e still. His majestic life, •Studded with the golden gems of love, charity, and patriotism proclaims that he went to his grave with an unfaltering trust in the promise of the new life flashed from Calvary's Ijrow. He is not dead, but has simply passed the gateway of death from the .scenes of his usefulness to the realms of his God. There is no deatli! what .seems so is transition; This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life Elysiaii, Whose portal we call Death. no Memorial Addresses: Artliur P. Gorman Address of Mr. Goulden, of New York Mr. Spp;aker: Having known the late Senator Arthur PuE Gorman for many years, and as my forefathers for more than two centuries claimed Maryland as their home, I feel it a dut\- to add a few words to the memorj- of one of the leading sons of that grand old Commonwealth. The soil of that State is sacred to me, as it holds the dust of seven generations of my famil>-, and some day will be my own last peaceful resting place. Proud as I am of the achievements of the long line of illus- trious men of the vState, I should feel recreant to duty and false to the name and character of my ancestors if I did not say something on this occasion. Senator Gokm.xn was a worthy son of whom all the people of Maryland are justly proud. He left his impress for good, not alone on his native State, but upon the nation as well. As is usual with great men in all ages, he was frequently misunderstood aud his motives misconstrued. Those who knew him best loved him for his sterling character, for his warm, generous heart, his kind, loving disposition, his splendid family relations, as well as for his firm and unswerving loyalty to duty. In all walks of life, even by his political foes, he was respected and admired. His character, both private and public, was above suspicion, and his patriotism of that high order that should characterize every true American citizen. As has been so ably and eloquently said by the many distin- guished .speakers who have preceded me, he was one of nature's noblemen, a man of whom the entire country may well feel a just and honorable pride: one whose memory will ever fondly Address of Mr. Goiildcti, of New York iii be cherished. The people of the uatioii claim him as one of America's great men, and his life and work belong to them as well as to the State of Maryland. We honor ourselves and the patriotic people of the country by meeting here to-day to show our respect, love, and admi- ration for the life and achievements of our departed friend, Senator Arthur Pue Gorman. The magnificent tribute paid his memory by the Speaker of this Hou.se to-day was from one who knew him well. The sentiments found a warm respon.se in the hearts of all who had the honor of hearing his beautiful words to the memory of Senator Gorman. As an humble friend and warm admirer of this leading son of Maryland, I place this simple wreath to his memory. 112 Memorial Addresses: Aithiir /'. Gonita)i Address of Mr. Gill, of Maryland Mr. Speaker : At the outset of niy remarks on this solemn occasion, I must frankly confess that I have always entertained a dislike for memorial proceedings of this character, and for that rea.son have always heretofore declined to participate in them. But I have been .so deeply impressed by the eulogies on the late Senator from Maryland, .so feelingly and impress- ively pronounced in the Senate yesterday, that my prejudices on this subject have been very much modified, if not alto- gether dis.sipated. The solemn proceedings in the Senate yes- terday have convinced me that it is not oidy fitting, but essential to the formation of a ju.st estimate of the public achievements of a man like Senator Gokm.vx that those who were most intimately associated with him in the work to which he devoted the best years of his life should be given an opportunity of testifying to his worth as a man and as a public servant. My own acquaintance with the deceased Senator dates back to the time when he served his first term in the State senate of Maryland, I then being a member of the Maryland house of delegates. As he and I ser\-ed on the joint committee made up of the finance committee of the senate and the ways and means committee of the house of delegates, I was afforded an excellent opportunity of learning .something of the man. I was not long in discovering that even at that time he was a man of force, ability, and character. His industry was proverbial. No detail in connection with his work was too trivial for consideration. Once haxnng mas- tered the details of a propo.sition he was prepared to grapple Adiiri-ss of Mr. Cill, , if Maryland 113 with all the difficulties that presented themselves on the subject. His knowledge of human nature and his abilit>- to gauge those who were associated with him were marvelous. He was seldom unsuccessful in his efforts to convince his associates of the wis- dom of the particular polic>- which he thought it \\ell to pur- sue in order to bring about the enactment of such legislation as he deemed wise. The qualities which he displa>-ed at that early period of his legislative career foreshadowed the success which in later years crowned his efforts. The ri.se from the position of State senator to that of United States Senator was to him a comparatively easy task. Only a short span uf years intervened between his promotion till was fraught with tlie greatest danger to tlie liberties of our peojile. Tliat a prophet is not without honor save in his own home is an axiom the truth of which probably no other man in public life had more reason to feel than tile late Senator from Mary- land. His rapid attainment of the highe.st honor which his .State could confer upon him, while drawing to him hosts of loyal and faithfid friends, who were true to him to the last, also created man\- enemies who leveled at him the sharpest .shafts of satire and denunciation, yet all mu.st admit that notwithstand- ing the obstacles that be.set his path and the constant strife that waged about him he remained in the conflict to the last, onlv laying aside his armor and sword for the garb in which one is arrayed who starts on the journey from whence there is no return. The future biographer and the future historian will give to Arthur P. Gokm.\.n the niche in tlie Temple of Fame to which his public .services justly entitle liini. Mr. .Speaker, I a.sk unanimous consent to print in the Record the resolutions which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman asks unanimous consent to have incorporated in the Record the resolutions which will now be reported by the Clerk. The Clerk read as follows: RESOLUTION rN.\NIMOIISLY .\DOPTED BY THE DEMOCR.\TIC CAUCUS JUNE 9, 1906. The Democratic Senators at their first meeting in conference subsequent Id the death of their former honored and lieloved chairman, the late Address of Mr. Gill, of Maryland 115 Senator Gorman, obc-y their unaffected impulse in the expression of their profound sorrow for his loss to them as their personal friend and their sagacious, faithful political guide in their official relations. A faithful friend, zealous and wise party leader, considerate and concili- atory and careful of the interests of all, he greatly endeared himself to his party associates, hv whom his memory will ever be most fondly cherished. The vSi'EAKKR pro tempore. I.s there objection? There was no objection. Mr. Gill. Mr. Speaker, I offer the resohitions which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Maryland offers the following resolutions ; Resolved, That the Clerk of the House send a copy of the resolutions to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, the House do now adjourn. o p. II 'HR