H "O Treasury Department. STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPATIONS POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, ACCORDING TO THE ALPHABETICAL ABSTRACT IN THE OFFICIAL REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE YEAR 1860. PREPARED FOR THE SPECIAL COMMISSIONER OF THE REVENUE, E. B. ELLIOTT. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 186 7. V $v x OCCUPATIONS AND CONDITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, IN 1860, STATISTICALLY CLASSIFIED. The classification of the occupations of the population of the United States herewith presented, is essentially the same as that recommen- ded by the Committee on Organization to the International Statistical Congress, at its fourth session in London, in 1860. It has already been adopted in Great Britain for the statistical purposes of the gov- ernment, having been satisfactorily employed in connection with the official census of England and Wales for the year 1861. The admirable nomenclature recommended by the committee to the Congress has been adopted herein only in part, it having been found much more convenient to retain the terms (even though fre- quently objectionable) employed in the official abstract from which the accompanying data were derived. This classification is based on the assumption that every person in the community, irrespective of age or sex, is to be accounted for. So exhaustive a statement, relative to the population of the United States, does not appear to have been aimed at, in connection with the late census; the occupations and condition of only about eight and one quarter millions* (8, 224, 171,) out of a total population of nearly thirty- one and one half millions, (31,443,322,) (about 26 per cent., or one in four) having been specified in the official abstract. It is perhaps worthy of remark, that this specified number does not differ greatly from the estimated number of males in the population between the ages of 18 and 60 years, to wit, 8,258,000. Another point aimed at in the classification is to secure, whenever possible, definite statements as to the occupation. For instance, in the case of "factory hands," the branch of manufacture (as wool, cotton, flax, silk, &c.,) should in all cases be specified. So also, with laborers, apprentices, contractors, manufacturers, mechanics, overseers, &c, the branch should, if possible, not be left undefined, either by * This number does not include 62,872 given in the official abstract under the head of "other oocupations and unknown." the enumerator or by the person upon whom devolves the duty of preparing the abstract from the returns furnished by the enumerator. It will be seen that the number of persons with respect to whom the branch of labor is undefined, in the accompanying table, is quite large. - The tabular statement now offered is derived from the alphabetical abstract of occupations published in connection with the official re- port on the census of the United States for the year I860; and is, of course, subject to the inaccuracies and incongruities of that abstract. The grouping together of persons engaged in kindred employments will, it is obvious, enable the investigator to arrive at more satisfac- tory conclusions as to the relative numerical importance of different classes and interests of the population than would be possible with unclassified data. It is evident, also, that such grouping tends frequently to cause errors and incongruities of details to be dimin- ished or made entirely to disappear in the aggregates — as in the case of textile fabrics, where the deficiencies manifest in the special branches of the manufacture are largely compensated for by the numbers returned under the indefinite designation of "factory hands." Apparent incongruities may often be accounted for by the fact that one person has, sometimes, several employments, under either of which he may have been returned. It will be seen (page 7) that, of the entire number of persons whose Occupations are Specified in the official abstract, from which these data are derived, about four (4.220) per cent, (or 1 in 24) are of the Professional Class; eight and one-h*#lf (8.500) per cent, (or 1 in 12) of the Domestic Class; eight (7.937) per cent, (or 1 in 13) of the Com- mercial Class; forty-one (41.204) per cent, (or 1 in 2^) of the Agri- cultural Class; twenty-five (24.661) per cent, (or 1 in 4) of the Indus- trial* Class; and thirteen and one-half (13.478) percent, (or.l in 1\) of the Indefinite and Non-productive Class; the last mentioned class being comprised, in large part, of persons who, inconsequence of the imperfection of the returns, could not properly be distributed under the preceding classes. To the Professional Class there should properly be added the num- ber of persons engaged in the defence of the country — a branch of the population concerning which no inquiry was made in connection with the decennial census. According to official estimates, recently furnished for the purposes of this inquiry, the numerical strength of the United States army (officers and men) on the first of June, 1860, * The term industrial is here used in a somewhat restricted, although popular, sense. was 15,336; and the number of persons engaged in the naval service of the country (seamen, officers and marine corps) was 10,762; giving a total of 26,098. If this total be included with the number in the Professional Class, and with the entire number of Specified Occupa- tions, the Professional Class will be found to constitute four and one- half (4.524) per cent, (or 1 in 22) of such entire number. With this Class, also, properly belongs a portion of the one hundred and eighty- four thousand (184,485) "clerks," who, owing to indefiniteness either in the returns themselves or in the preparation of the official ab- stract, have not been distinguished in that abstract from commer- cial clerks, and consequently have of necessity been here included with Persons engaged in Mercantile Pursuits. The Domestic Class is incomplete, comprising merely "students;" while the large number of persons who were performing the domes tic offices and duties of wives, mothers, children, and relatives at home (not otherwise described) were not stated in the official abstract. The number of slaves returned by the census was about four mil- lions (3,953,760); but no facts were stated showing how they were distributed as to employment — as agricultural, domes tic, or industrial. Of the Industrial Class — comprising nearly twenty-five per cent, of all whose occupations were specified — it will be seen (p. 8) that near- ly eight (7.808) per cent, (or 1 in 13) were engaged in Art and Me- chanic productions, in which matters of various kinds were employed in combination; eight and one-third (8.348) per cent, (or 1 in 12) were working or dealing in Textile Fabrics and in Dress; two and one half (2.451) per cent, (or 1 in 41) in Food and Drink; somewhat over one-fourth (0,278) of one per cent, (or 1 in 360) in Animal Sub- stances; one (1.048) per cent, (or 1 in 95) in Vegetable Substances; and four and three-fourths (4.728) per cent, (or 1 in 21) in Minerals. Had the numbers in the Indefinite Class been properly returned, so as to admit of distribution to the specific occupations in which the persons were engaged, the percentages above specified would have been somewhat larger. Washington D. C, July, 1867. UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES. OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, In Classes, Orders, and .Sub-orders. (Census 1860.) Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. ALX PERSONS Alili PERSONS embraced in the OFFI- CIAL. STATEMENT as to OCCUPA- TIONS and CONDITIONS PERSONS of SPECIFIED OCCUPA- TIONS and CONDITIONS CLASSES. CL.ASS I.-PROFESSIONAL, II— DOMESTIC III.-COMMERCIAE IV.— AGRICULTURAL V.-INDUSTRIAL VI.— INDEFINITE and NON- PRODUCTIVE Number of Persona enumerated. 31, 443, 322 8, 287, 043 Proportion to 100, 000 of Specified Oc- cupations. 8, 224, 171 100, OOO 347, 119 699, 107 652, 720 3, 388, 681 2, 028, 126 1, 108, 418 4,220 8,500 7,937 41, 204 24, 661 13, 478 r Not including 62,872 given under the head of " Other oecupations and unknown." Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. ill II 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 ORDERS. PROFESSIONAL. General and Local Government of the Country Defence of the Country Learned Professions— Science, Literature, and Art DOMESTIC. Wives, Mothers, Children, Relatives (not otherwise denned) Entertaining and doing Personal Service for Man COMMERCIAL. Trade (general) Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages- AGRICULTIIRAL. Possessing or Working Land Engaged about Animals INDUSTRIAL. Engaged in Art or Mechanic Productions t.. Working and Dealing in Textile Fabrics and in Dress Working and Dealing in Food and Drink — Working and Dealing in Animal Substances - Working and Dealing in Vegetable Sub- stances Working and Dealing in Minerals INDEFINITE AND NON-PRODUCTIVE. Laborers and others— Branch of Labor un- defined Persons of Property not returned under any Ofiice or Occupation " Persons supported by the Community, and of no specified Occupation Persons of Speci- fied Occupations. 33, 126 Not stated.' 313, 993 49, 993 649, 114 395, 931 256, 789 Proportion to 100,000. 3, 349, 790 38, 891 642, 120 686, 519 201, 539 22, 894 86, 190 388, 864 1, 108, 418 Not stated • Not stated - 403 3,817 608 7,892 4,815 3,122 40, 731 473 7,808 8,348 2,451 278 1,048 4,728 13, 478 * Official estimates, (Army and Navy,) 26,098. t In which matters of various kinds are employed in combination. Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. Persons of Specified Oc- cupations. SUB-ORDERS. Government. National Government Local Government Defence of the Country. Army (at home) Navy (ashore or in port) Learned Professions — Science, Literature, and Art. Ministers and Church Officers Law Medicine .• Literature Artists Musicians and Teachers of Music Actors, &c Teachers Scientific Persons Wives, Mothers, Children, Sfc, (not otherwise defined. ) Wives (not otherwise described) Widows (not otherwise described) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise de- scribed) 1 Scholars (s'o described) Entertaining and doing Personal Service for Man. In Board and Lodging In Attendance (domestic servants, &c). Engaged in Trade (general. ) Mercantile Persons Other General Dealers . Engaged in Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages. Carriers on Railways Do. Roads Do. Canals and Rivers Do. Seas and Rivers Engaged in Storage Messengers and Porters 7,097 26, 029 Not stated* . do 39, 858 34, 839 72, 270 3,650 10, 666 10,354 1,755 113,140 27, 461 Not stated . do do 49, 993 53,411 595, 703 348, 446 47, 485 38, 012 85, 423 26, 749 83, 752 9,784 13, 069 Proportion to 100, 000. 86 317 484 423 879 44 130 126 21 376 334 608 649 7,243 4,237 578 462 1,039 325 1,018 119 159 * According to official estimates recently furnished for the purpose of this inquiry by the Departments df War and the Navy, It appears that the numerical strength, on the 1st of June, 1860, of the— Regular army (officers and men) was 15 335 Navy (officers, seamen, and marine corps) 10,' 762 10 Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. Possessing or Working Land. In Fields and Pastures Woods Gardens Engaged about Animals. Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions. In Books Musical Instruments Prints and Pictures Carving and Figures Tackle for Sports and Games Designs, Medals, and Dies Watches and Philosophical Instruments Surgical Instruments *. Arms Machines and Tools Carriages Harness Ships Houses and Buildings Furniture Implements Chemicals Working and dealing in Textile Fabrics and in Dress In Wool and Worsted, (part of) Silk, (part of) Cotton and Flax, (part of) Mixed Materials, (Wool, Silk, Cotton, Flax,)or un defined Dress Hemp and other Fibrous Materials Working and dealing in Food and Drink In Animal Food Vegetable Food Drinks and Stimulants Working and dealing in Animal Substances. In Grease, Bone, Horn, &c Skins, Feathers, and Quills Hair Persons of Specified Oc- cupations. 3, 312, 023 15, 929 21,838 38, 891 33, 252 3,911 699 336 17 20, 385 6, 621 384 5,416 5,919 20, 025 26, 439 23, 542 399, 228 45, 303 45, 687 4,956 9, 366 439 1.351 138, 542 533, 394 3, 427 42,278 82, 039 77, 222 4,391 18, 059 444 Proportion to 100.000. 40, 272 194 265 473 404 48 9 4 • i 5 248 81 5 66 72 243 321 286 4,854 551 556 60 114 5 16 1,685 6,486 42 514 998 939 53 220 5 11 Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. Working and dealing in Vegetable Substances. In Gums and Resins Wood Bark Cane, Rush, and Straw Paper Working and dealing in Minerals, In Mining Coal Stone, Clay Earthenware Glass Salt Water Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones. Copper Tin and Quicksilver Zinc Lead and Antimony Brass and other Mixed Metals Iron and Steel Laborers and others — Branch of Labor undefined. General Laborers Other Persons of Indefinite OccupatioDs . Persons of Property not returned under any Office or Occupation Supported by the Community, and of no Specified Oc- cupation. On Income from Voluntary Sources (as Paupers, Prisoners, and other Persons in Public Institutions, when their former employment is not stated) Prisoners, and others of Criminal Class, of no speci- fied Occupation Vagrants, Beggars, and Gipsies Persons of Specified Oc- cupations. Not stated. Not stated. Not stated. Proportion to 100, 000. 2, 758 34 69, 161 841 94 1 6,441 78 7,736 94 154, 040 1,873 1,063 13 43, 369 27 176 2 3,531 43 537 6 1,892 23 16,119 196 1,964 24 17,412 212 68 1 791 10 9,923 120 137,979 1,678 969, 301 11,786 139,117 1,692 Number of Persons oj no Stated Profession, Occupation, or Con- dition 23,219,151 13 (CENSUS OF 1860.) Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. No. of Persons. Government . Defence. Learned Profes- sions—Science, Literature, and Art. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS AND CONDITIONS. National Government. United States officers Local Government. Commissioners... Inspectors Officers, (public). Army, (at home.)* Navy, (ashore or in port.)* Ministers and Church Officers. Not Not Clergymen . Nuns , Sextons Sisters of Charity. Law. Conveyancers Judges Lawyers, notaries public. Medicine. Ohirop ' tHBato Cuppers Dentists Druggists Mid wives Oculists Patent-medicine makers Physicians. .^..-.^ .-, ., y . . . ^ . . Surgeons . (&JsH4tf^A^.^£*^L7jl . Literature. Authors Journalists, editors, reporters. Interpreters, translators Artists. Artists, fresco painters, sculptors . Card-writers Engravers Photographers, daguerreotypists. Musicians — Teachers of Music. Musicians, (vocal and instrumental) Music teachers Actors, fa. Actors Conjurors, astrologists, (so called,) ventriloquists. Showmen,. Teachers. Dancing-masters Professors, (not otherwise described). Teachers 7,097 239 1,097 24, 693 enumerated. enumerated. 37, 529 114 836 1,379 584 787 33, 468 16 5,606 11, 031 271 83 203 54, 543 51» 216 3,405 29 4,733 11 2,768 3,154 4,729 5,625 1,490 19 246 171 2,500 110, 469 * Official estimates of Departments of War and the Navy for June 1, 1860 : Army : officers, 1,084; enlisted men, 14,252. Navy : officers, 1,099; seamen, 7,600. Marine corps : officers 63 ; marines, (about,) 2,000. 14 Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. No. of Persons. Learned Profes- sions, &c— Con'd. Wives, Mothers, Children, &c. Entertaining; and Doing; Personal Serviee for Man. Persons engaged in Trade (gen- eral.) Conveyanee of Men, Goods, and Messages. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. Scientific Perso?is. Astronomers, geologists, naturalists, (see professors) Civil and mechanical engineers Electricians Wives, (not otherwise described.) Widows, (not otherwise described.) Children and Relatives at Home, (not otherwise de- scribed.) Scholars, (so described.) Students In Board and Lodging. Bar-keepers Boarding-house keepers, bath-room keepers Cooks Innkeepers Matrons Saloon-keepers, billiard-saloon, bowling-saloon In Attendance, (Domestic Servants, SfC.) Domestic servants (general) Housekeepers Nurses Mercantile persons. Agents Auctioneers Bankers Bank officers A Bookkeepers, treasurers (not otherwise described) . . Brokers (various,) stock-dealers -Clerks Collectors Gaugers, weighers, and measurers Insurance agents Merchants, commission merchants, shipping mer- chants, importers Real estate agents Speculators ; Other General Dealers. Dealers, traders, (not otherwise described) Fancy goods dealers Junk dealers Marketmen, hucksters Negro-traders Pawnbrokers Peddlers Carriers on Railways. Expressmen Railroadmen Carriers on Roads. Carriers, carters, draymen Drivers Express-riders Livery-stable keepers Stage proprietors Teamsters Carriers on Canals and Rivers. Boatmen, ferrymen Canal-men 12 27, 437 12 Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. 49, 993 13, 263 12, 151 353 25,818 228 1,598 565, 178 22, 393 8,132 16, 480 1,348 2,753 2,995 2,055 5, 156 184, 489 1,707 850 589 127, 999 43 1,982 25, 258 225 181 5,003 111 113 16, 594 1,445 36, 567 25, 645 19, 521 36 5,361 36 34, 824 24, 050 2 699 15 Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. No. of Persons. Conveyance, Ac- Continued. Possessing or Working Land. Engaged about Animals. Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, em- ploying various matters in com- bination. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. Carriers on Seas and Rivers. Mariners ., Pilots Sailing-masters Ship-masters . .. Stesunboatinen. , Stevedores Stewards Wharfingers Whalemen Engaged in Storage. Packers Storekeepers Messengers and Porters. Porters Telegraph service — operators. Watchmen and messengers. . . In Fields and Pastures. Farmers, graziers, herdsmen. Farm laborers, threshers Planters Vine-growers, vine-dresserB-. In Woods. Lumbermen . In Gardens. Florists Gardeners and nurserymen, horticulturists. Engaged about Animals. Apiarists Cattle-dealers Drovers Farriers, veterinarians Fishermen Horse dealers, trainers Hunters, trappers, wild-horse catchers . Ostlers Rancheros Riding-masters Shepherds, shearers In Books. Bookbinders Book and document folders Booksellers and stationers, publishers. Librarians Newsmen Printers In Musical Instruments. Musical-instrument makers. Music-sellers Organ-builders Piano-forte makers Piano-forte tuners In Prints and Pictures. Block-printers Enamelers Glass stainers Globe-makers Lithographers Map-makers Stencil-plate makers . 67, 360 3,358 837 3,546 7,553 502 297 85 214 1,921 7,863 6,354 1,956 4,759 2, 430, 653 795, 688 85, 561 121 15, 929 458 21, 3P0 59 884 2,477 834 21, 905 890 1,339 8, 581 751 10 1,161 6,010 350 2,778 65 943 23, 106 754 276 378 2,359 144 19 66 97 9 386 117 5 16 Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions. — Continued. 10 SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. In Carving and Figures. Model-makers Ornament-makers Plaster-figure makers, stucco-workers Taxidermists Wax-workers In Tackle for Sports and Games. Billiard-table makers Skate-makers In Designs, Medals, and Dies. Die-sinkers Draughtsmen Moulders Mould-makers Pattern-makers In Watches and Philosophical Instruments. Clock-makers Philosophical instrument makers, (mathematical, nau tical, astronomical) Opticians Scale-makers Watch-makers Surgical Instruments. Artificial limb makers Artificial teeth makers Surgical-instrument makers Truss-makers In Arms. Armorers Gunsmiths Percussion-cap makers Powder manufacturers Shot manufacturers In Machines and Tools. Auger-makers Axe-makers Bellows-makers Bobbin-makers Cotton gin makers Cutlers Edge-tool makers Faucet -makers File-cutters Fire-engine builders Frame makers Hame-makers Hydraulic-ram manufacturers Ink-stand manufacturers Lathe-makers Needle-makers Paper-rulers Pen and pencil makers - - Plane-makers Planers, (steam) Razor-strop makers Reed-workers Rule-makers Saw-makers Sewing-machine makers Sewing-machine operatives Shovel-makers Shuttle-makers Sieve-makers Spindle-makers Steam-engine builders Tbimble-makers Tool-makers 143 8 160 20 5 128 435 17, 077 159 2,586 1,157 317 310 290 4,547 5 168 192 19 529 4,511 19 342 15 84 120 60 3 21 862 5 5 670 18 620 5 7 2 23 72 95 230 261 43 85 4 65 526 100 264 41 29 69 2 135 2 1,391 17 Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. No. of Persons. Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions. — Continued. 10 SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. In Carriages. Axletree-makers Car-builders Coach-makers, wagon-makers, sleigh-makers Felloe-makers, spoke-makers, (see coach-makers).. In Harness. Saddlers, harness-makers Whip-makers In Skips. Block-makers Boatbuilders , Calkers Mast-makers Oar-makers Riggers Sail-makers Ship-carpenters Ship-chandlers Ship-smiths In Houses and Buildings. Architects Blind-makers Bricklayers Builders Carpenters, joiners Cellar-diggers, cistern-builders Decorators Dock-builders Glaziers House-framers, house-movers Masons, (brick and stone) Painters and varuishers Paper-hangers Pavers Plasterers r Plumbers Roofers aud slaters, tile-makers Sash-makers , Shingle-makers Staircase-builders Stencilers Whitewashers In Furniture. Cabinet-makers, furniture dealers, show-case manu facturers Carvers Chair-makers Gilders Looking-glass makers Mattress-makers Trunk-makers Undertakers Upholsterers, furnishers Window-shade makers In Implements. Agricultural implement makers. Millwrights Pump-makers Wheelwrights In Chemicals. Blacking manufacturers Chemists Dyers and scourers Firework-makers 91 477 19, 420 37 25, 484 955 484 2, 632 2, 841 352 25 1,210 2, 359 13,392 07 180 1, 263 505 14,311 2,911 251, 286 10 16 31 474 18 48, 925 51, 695 2, 005 892 13, 116 3, 362 L.938 2, 309 2, 478 12 97 1,574 29, 309 2, 269 6,341 1,503 123 14 1,621 835 3, 205 83 2,390 9, 063 1,541 32, 693 50 574 3,348 88 18 Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. No. of Persons. Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions. — Cont'd. Working and Deal iiig in Textile Fabrics and Dress. 11 SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. Fluid manufacturers Ink manufacturers Match-makers Paint-makers Pot and Pearl ash manufacturers Saleratus-makers Soda manufacturers Starch manufacturers Wafer-makers White -lead manufacturers hi Wool and Worsted, (part of.) Carders, knitters, wool-sorters, wool-combers, cloth- finishers, (see factory hands) Carpet-makers Clothiers Wool dealers Woollen manufacturers, cloth manufacturers, wors- ted-makers In Silk, (part of.) Silk operatives, (pee factory hands) Silk manufacturers In Cotton and Flax, (part of.) Calico-printers, (see factory hands) Cotton cloth manufacturers Flax-dressers Lace manufacturers Thread-makers Others working and dealing in cotton and flax In Mixed Materials, (Wool, Silk, Cotton, Flax,) or un- defined. Bleachers, (not otherwise defined) Embroiderers Factory hands, (Woollen, Silk, Cotton, &c.,) not specially defined Fringe-makers Spinners, (not otherwise defined) Tassel -makers Trimmers Warpers, (not otherwise defined) Weavers, (not otherwise defined) In Dress. Barbers, hairdressers, wig-makers Bonnet manufacturers Button-makers Cap-makers Collar-makers Corset-makers Furriers Glovers Hat-binders Hatters Hoop-skirt makers Hosiers Laundresses Machinists, (branch undefined) Mantua-makers Military-trimming makers, regalia-makers Milliners Seamstresses Shirt-makers Shoemakers, binders, dealers Skirt-makers Stock-makers Suspender-makers Tailors and tailoresses Umbrella manufacturers 5 163 418 8 147 13 12 78 7 45 2,829 1,481 3, 346 392 1,318 24 415 321 335 281 353 38 23 519 285 87, 289 656 9, 35S 38 3,822 397 36, 178 11, 156 208 778 28 22 37 785 753 855 11, 647 419 425 38, 633 43, 824 35, 165 23 25, 722 90, 198 375 168, 857 761 71 26 101,868 758 19 Workingand deal- ing in Textile Fabrics— Cont'd. Workingand deal- ing in Food and Drinks. 11 13 Working and deal- ing in Animal (S [instances. i:i Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials, (part of.) Bag-makers Cord and twine makers, net-makers, seine-makers . Hemp-dressers Mat-makers Oil-cloth and tarpaulin manufacturers Rope-makers In An imal Food. Butchers, sausage-makers Dairymen Milkmen ( (ystermen Provision dealers, pork dealers, fish dealers. No. of Persons. In Vegetable Food. Arrow-root manufacturers Bakers Confectioners Flour dealers Fruiterers Millers Produce dealers, grain dealers, seedsmen. Refectory-keepers In Drinks and Stimulants. Bottlers Brewers and malsters Chocolate manufacturers Coffee grinders, roasters Distillers, rectifiers Grocers Mineral-water makers Mustard-makers Perfumers Picklers and preservers Spice-makers .... Sugar manufacturers Tea dealers Tobacco manufacturers, cutters. Tobacconists Vinegar-makers Wine and liquor dealers Wine-makers Yeast-makers In Grease, Bones, Horns, §c. Boneblack-makers Chandlers Comb-makers Glue-makers Lard and lard-oil manufacturers . Oil-makers, dealers In Skins, Feathers, and Quills Belt-makers Brush-makers Feather-dressers Hose-makers Leather dealers, workers Morocco-dressers Pocket-book manufacturers Patent-leather manufacturers Tanners and curriers , Curriers In Hair. Hair-workers 77 426 42 202 41!) 2,261 30, 161 1, 952 3, 439 4,636 2,090 11 19, 001 6, 293 967 1,984 37, 281 3,448 13, 054 398 6,307 17 48 2,553 40, 070 141 41 216 63 3 469 440 77 21,413 283 4,541 129 13 64 2,971 689 216 21 430 15 1,739 15 9 78 1,820 261 93 10,481 3,548 20 Classes, Orders, aud Sub-orders No. of Persons. Woi'kingaiid deal- ing in Vegetable Substances. Working and deal- ing in Minerals. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. In Gums and Reshis. India-rubber manufacturers India-rubber workers Japanners Linseed-oil manufacturers Turpentine, tar, and resin makers Varnish-makers In Wood. Axehelve-makers Case-makers Box-makers, knob-makers Coopers, hoop-makers Fence-makers Lath-makers Last-makers Lumber merchants, sawyers Saddle-tree makers Shoe-peg makers Stave-makers Willow- workers Woi id-cutters, wood-corders Wood-dealers Wooden-ware manufacturers In Bark. Cork-cutters In Cane, Rush, and Straw. Basket-makers Broom-makers Cane-makers Straw-workers In Paper. Artificial flower makers Bill-posters Card-makers Envelope-makers Paper dealers Paper manufacturers Paper-stainers Paper-tube makers Kag-collectors Stationers In Alining. Colliers Explorers Miners In Coal. Charcoal-burners Chimney sweeps Coal dealers Coal oil makers, dealers Gas-makers In Stone — Clay. Brick-makers Bridge-builders Cement-makers Chalk manufacturers, whiting manufacturers Grindstone-makers Lime-burners, dealers Millstone-makers Potters Quarry men Scavengers Stone aud marble cutters 250 550 36 1,380 334 22 131 2,638 43, 626 753 504 400 15, 176 112 108 262 o 3,463 1,228 736 2, 862 1,288 4 2,287 600 24 137 194 430 4,578 327 13 868 565 6, 288 o 147, 750 203 40 341 15 464 13, 736" 417 67 13 28 1,461 10 3,470 4,119 223 19,82 21 Working and deal- ing in Minerals —Continued. 15 10 SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued In Earthenware. Filter-makers Pipe-makers Porcelain manufacturers In Qlass. Glass manufacturers Glass-cutters Glass-makers In Salt. Salt-makers In Water. Ice dealers Sub-marine divers Well-diggers In Gold, Silver, and Precious Sto?ies. Assayers Electrotypers Gold-beaters Goldsmiths, silversmiths, jewellers Lapidaries Pearl-workers Platers In Copper. Coppersmiths, workers, rollers In Tin and Quicksilver. Tinsmiths In Zinc. Zinc manufacturers In Lead and Antimony. Lead-workers, smelters Stereotypers Type-cutters Type-founders In Brass and other Mixed Metals. Bellfounders Bellhangers Brassfounders Brassworkers Britannia-workers Buckle-makers Coiners Gas-fitters Gas-fixture manufacturers, chandelier-makers . . Hook and eye manufacturers Lamp-makers Lightning-rod makers Locksmiths Pin manufacturers Polishers and burnishers Spoon-makers Whitesmiths In Iron and Steel. Blacksmiths Boiler-makers Chain-makers Grate-makers Grinders, (undefined) 4 147 25 3,225 55 251 537 866 10 1,016 51 4 354 13, 899 61 5 1,745 17,412 116 156 98 421 69 113 939 1,601 334 25 35 2,648 32 2 437 164 2, 234 36 340 173 741 112, 357 3,313 30 129 79 22 Working: and deal- ing' in Minerals— Continued. Laborers and others— Branch of Labor unde- fined. [dAviu *' into ft** \ Supported hy the Community, and of no Specified Occupation. 15 17 18 Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. Hardware dealers Hardware manufacturers Iron-founders, forgemen, smelters Ironmongers Iron-workers, (indefinite) Nailers Nail manufacturers Safe-makers, (iron) Screw-makers Spring-makers Steel manufacturers Stove-makers, dealers Tack-makers Wire-makers Wire-cloth makers Wire-workers General Laborers. Laborers, (general or branch, undefined) Other Persons of Indefinite Occupations. Apprentices, (branch undefined) Contractors, (branch undefined) Finishers, (branch undefined) Firemen, (branch undefined) Gate-keepers, (undefined) Gunners, (not otherwise defined) Manufacturers, (not otherwise described) Mechanics, (not otherwise described) Overseers, (undefined) Refiners, (undefined) Turners, (metal, ivory, and wood) Persons of Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation. On Income from Voluntary or Charitable Sources, (when former occupation, not specified.) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class, of no Sped fied Occupation. Vagrants ,Beggars, and Gipsies. Persons of no stated Profession, Occupation, or Condition . No. of Persons. 95 801 6,770 829 8,070 425 2,065 292 176 370 114 906 203 330 8 617 969, 301 55, 326 3, 120 1,139 513 1,966 o 11, 283 23, 492 37, 883 366 4, 027 Not stated. Not stated. Not stated. Not stated. *23, 219, 151 * Including 62,872 in the official abstract under the head of "other occupations and unknown." LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 827 751 3 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS "0""013 827 751 3 ?* Hollinger pH8.5 Mill Run F3-1955