LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, (!^ra}!.r\t4f opjrtgfjt If a. Slielf,E_lL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. I Erie Eailway. Watkins Glen, Niagara, Chautauqua. BR BPWll? fee BBSs!. .■•■■.■ ^a&S&B&^sSmBSp or Brothers & Co. ™tMi8 =J & 20 AsTo r Place. NewY0n_kjJ t ik i m mm"' ~" ts*\ Massachusetts Mutual LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASS. INCORPORATED 1851. Total Assets, January ist, 1887, . . $8,554,065.32 Total Liabilities, " " " . . . 7,897,300.96 Surplus by Massachusetts Standard, .... $656,764.36 Surplus by New York Standard (about) . . . 1,192,000.00 Number of Policies issued in 1886, 2,G28, insuring . 8,064,390.00 Numberof Policies in force Dec. 31, 1886, 16,537, insuring 41,246, 538 00 /^HE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- ^ ANCE COMPANY, of Springfield, is one of the oldest in the United States. It was incorporated in the year 1851 by the State of Massachusetts, which was the first in the Union to inaugurate an "Insurance Department," thus instituting State supervision over its companies. It was also the first State to legislate concerning the forfeiture of policies of life insurance; its famous non-forfeiture law was passed in 1861 and amended in I88O. By the recent act of 1887, life insurance leg- islation has reached a degree of perfection hereto- fore unknown. THIS Law requires that all policies issued by THE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY shall be non-forfeitable after the pay- ment of two annual premiums, without any further stipulation or act. This makes the amount of paid- up insurance to which the policyholder may be entitled, under any circumstances, absolutely guar- anteed. He may forget his policy, but his policy will never forget him. Also, that after the payment of two annual premiums, the insured may, on any subsequent anniversary of the date of issue of said policy, surrender the same, and claim and recover from the Company its "Surrender Value in Cash." Said Cash Value is fixed by the law itself and cannot be changed. M. V. B. EDGERLY, President. JOHN A. HALL, Secretary. HENRY S. LEE, Vice-President. OSCAR B. IRELAND, Actuary. THE ERIE ROUTE: A GUIDE OF THE NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE k WESTERN RAILWAY AND ITS BRANCHES, WITH SKETCHES OF THE CITIES, VILLAGES, SCENERY AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE, AND RAILROAD, STEAMBOAT AND STAGE CONNECTIONS. REVISED BY P. L. TUCKER, 9/ the General Passenger Department of the New York, Lake Erit & Western Railroad. MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS. t Jul 26 mif ■ Copyright, 1887, by \£*Ofi WASHU Taintor Brothers & Co. NEW YORK : TAINTOE BROTHERS & CO. 18 and 20 Astoe Place. INDEX. PAGE famestown 48'' Jersey City *< Kanona ?? Kirkwood jjj, Lackawaxen *' Lake View }° Lancaster J*» Lakewood 4^^ Lcroy ' " Liberty |» Linden ^~ Little Valley f Livonia •*> Lordville ~^ Lorillard's ~* Mahwah .*" Mayville «a Middletown ^ Minor Branches of the Erie >j Monroe 22 Montgomery • • • • ' ° Montgomery and Wallkill \ alley Branch £8 Monticello '° Mt. Morris 84 Narrowsburg *8 Newark...." £2 Newburjh <,» Ncwburgh (Short-Cut) Branch <5 New Windsor ' 5 New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio R.R g Niagara Falls 59 Niagara Falls Branch or Northern R. R. of New Jersey 78 Nnnda 50 Nyack 'J Olean 46 Otisville ••• *5 Owego 33 Oxford ** Painted Post 41 Passaic j° Paterson }° Paterson and Newark Branch <« Perrysburg 48 Phillipsville 44 Piermont ~^ Pine Grove £% Pine Island ™ Pine Island Branch F Pond Eddy 26 Portage 50 PAGE Point Chantanqua 486 Port Jervis 25 Port Jervis and Monticello R. R 78 Ramapo 21 Ramsey's 20 Rathboneville 42 Red Creek 67 Ridgewood 19 Rochester 67 Rochester Division 62 Route of St. Lawrence River 86 Rutherford Park :.. 17 Rush 66 Salamanca 47 Savona 62 Scio 44 Scottsville 67 Shohola 27 Short Cut to Newburgh 75 Sloatsburg 21 Smithboro 36 Smith's Mills 48 Southfields 21 South Livonia 65 Southport 38 Springwatex 65 Stafford 71 Stockport 29 Suffern 20 Summit 29 Susquehanna 31 Suspension Bridge :.-. 61 Swainville 49 Tappan 74 Tioga Center ao Tonawanda 58 Town Line g3 Turner's 22 Union 33 Vandalia 46 Wallkill Valley Bianch «8 Wallace's 64 Warsaw 52 Warwick £, Warwick Branch < p Watkins Glen 39 Waverly 3i Wayland 64 Webster |» Wellsburg 37 Wcllsville 44 West Junction 40 White Mills • ^ Woodside 7 * 90 THE AMERICAN, BOSTON. CENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATION. UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. SIX STAIRWAYS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. With every security against fire. Rooms with Meals, $3.00 PER DAY and upwards. Rooms only. According to Size and Location. $1.00 PER DAY and upwards. THE NEAREST FIRST CLASS HOTEL TO NOKTHEKN AND EASTEBN DEPOTS, " It is one of the most attractive and best managed of New England Hotels."— 2V. Y. Mail. HENRY B. RICE & GO, near Washington St. The Full Principal Sum will be paid in case of loss of both feet, both hands, a hand and a foot, or the entire sight of both eyes, by accident. ■ ppjnrWTQ are always happening to those who jabUuLfnO »d 0N ' T Travel Much" as well as to "those who do. The quietest PROFESSIONAL*AND*BUSINESS*MEN are as liable as any others to the thousand hazards of life, at home or abroad. "moral: Insure in The travelers." tfRA^lkElfS Insurance ^ompany. ACCIDENT ___ COMPANY OF AMERICA, LARGEST IN THE WORLD; Also, Best of Life Companies. ISSUES ACCIDENT POLICIES, $5$$®&%£F* in the Market. Indefeasible, Non-Forfeitable, World-Wide. RF^T I IFF POLICY * n tne Market - Indefeasible, PJLID POLICY- MOLD EMS $13,500,000. AH Claims paid without Discount, and immediately on receipt of Satisfactory Proofs. Assets, $9,111,000. Surplus, $2,129,000. J. G. BATTERSON, Pres. ROBNEY DENNIS, Sec. One-third the Principal Sum will be paid for loss of a single hand or foot. THE ERIE RAILWAY. The New Yokk, Lake Brie, and Western Railroad, known the world over as the Erie Railway, may be said to have been the pio- neer in the great system of American trunk lines. At the time it was constructed it was the most stupendous engineering feat ever at- tempted in this country. Railroad building was in its infancy when the engineers made their report on the feasibility of the en- terprise. After a survey of the route proposed for the road, they declared it was impracticable, because of certain grades which it would be impossible for a locomotive to overcome; so meagre was the knowledge of the possibilities of a railroad science at that day. There were several local railroads in the country, but, beyond the fact that they had demonstrated the practicability and importance of iron rails and steam motive power as a means of transportation, and awakened an interest in the matter among men of enterprise and progressive ideas, they had done nothing towards making an ap- plication of the new system to the wants of the country at large. The idea of a highway of iron rails from the ocean to the shores of Lake Erie was therefore received by the country as a proposition of madmen. People had stood aghast, also, when the far-seeing Maur- ice Wurts came forward with his project for a canal that would connect the anthracite coal regions of Northern Pennsylvania with the city of New York, years before there was a mile of railroad track in America. But he carried his project to successful completion, and his success strengthened the faith of the fathers of the Erie in the feasibility of their grand scheme. Projected in 1835, the New York and Erie Railroad was constructed by piecemeal. Such barriers as jealousy and persistent opposition could prompt, and a scant treas- ury but feebly contend against, were thrown in the way of the enter- prise for nearly twenty years, and it was not until 1852 that a line of 7 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. rails between the Hudson River and Lake Erie gave easy and quick thoroughfare for the trade and travel of the East and West. Gradu- ally the pioneer of American trunk lines gathered strength and power, in spite of the abuse and spoliation that corrupt managements and designing men subjected it to. No grander struggle ever was known in the history of financial or commercial relations than that which this famous railroad made for its corporate existence during the long years of its bondage. Delivered at last, the New York, Lake Erie and Western stands to-day a giant among the railroads of America. The single track of cast-iron rails that less than a quarter of a century ago led trains, few and far between, across the Empire State, has given place to a double track of the finest steel. The in- terests of the road are no longer local. Beside being our immediate thoroughfare, the Erie Company now has entire control of the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, under lease effected in 1883, and the new Chicago and Atlantic Railway, which was constructed in the sole interest of the Erie. The influence of the Erie system has come to be a power from the Atlantic to the Pacific in this country, as well as in commercial and financial circles across the sea. The road originally began at Piermont, on the Hudson River, twenty-five miles above New York city ; but in 1853 arrangements were made by which the roads of other companies, extending from Suffern, in New York, to Jersey City, were leased in perpetuity to the Erie Company, and with the completion of the tunnel through Ber- gen Hill a few years later, steamboat transportation to and from Piermont was avoided. The trains now run directly to Jersey City, opposite New York, where the company has erected spacious freight and passenger depots, and established a line of ferries which convey the passenger either to Chambers street, or Twenty- third street, New York city, and connect with Annex boats for Brooklyn. ITINERARY OP THE ERIE RAILWAY. The grand trunk of the road extends from Jersey City to Dunkirk, on the shores of Lake Erie ; but from Corning, a division extends to Rochester, and another from Hornellsville to Buffalo. With these and its numerous branches, the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway proper comprises 1,037 miles of track. The lease of the Hew York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad gives it control of 496 miles 8 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. of track, and the completion of the Chicago and Atlantic Railway adds 269 miles to the Erie system. The Erie Railway also controls and operates the New York and Greenwood Lake Railway, extending from Jersey City to Greenwood Lake, N. Y., aad by branch to Orange, N. J., 47 miles in all ; the Northern Railroad of New Jersey, from Jersey City to Nyack, 29 miles ; the Bradford, Eldred and Cuba Rail- road, from Wellsville to Eldred, 33 miles, and from Bolivar to Cuba, 21 miles; the Bradford, Bordell and Kinzua Railroad, from Bradford to Eldred, 23J miles, and from Kinzua Junction to Smethport, 1G miles ; the Tonawanda Valley Railroad from Cuba to Attica, 59 miles. These roads are an important division of the narrow gauge system in the Pennsylvania oil, coal and lumber regions and the new salt fields of western New York. Recently the Bradford Branch of the Erie has been extended to Johnson burg, Pa., a distance of 53 miles. It is on this extension that the highest railroad bridge in the world had to be constructed, across Kinzua Gorge, the height of the struct- ure being 303 feet. These various acquisitions to the Erie System make a grand total of track now operated by the Erie of 2,03(H miles. The Erie Railway is separated into seven grand Divisions — the Eastern, Delaware, Susquehanna, Rochester, Buffalo, Western, and Buffalo and Southwestern, as follows : EASTEEN DIVISION. Jersey City to Port Jervis, 88 miles. E. 0. Hill, Supt , Jersey City. Branches. — Newark Branch — Jersey City to Paterson, 17 miles. Piermont Branch— Suffern to Piermont, 18 miles. Newburgh Short Cut — Turner's to Newburgh, 16 miles. Newburgh Branch— Grey- court to Newburgh, 16 miles. Pine Island Branch — Goshen to Pine Island, 11| miles. Montgomery Branch — Goshen to Montgomery, 10 miles. Crawford Branch — Middletown to Pine Bush, 13 miles. Total miles of track, 189. DELAWARE DIVISION. Port Jervis to Susquehanna, 105 miles. Edgar Van Allen, Supt., Port Jervis. ., Branches — Honesdale Branch — Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 25 miles. Jefferson Branch — Susquehanna to Carbondale, 38 miles. Erie and Wyoming Valley — Hawley to Pittston, 42 miles. Total miles of track, 210. SUSQUEHANNA DIVISION. Susquehanna to Hornellsville, 139 miles. R. B. Cable, Superin- tendent, Elmira, N. Y. Tioga, R. R. — Elmira to Hoytville, 61 miles. Total miles of track, 200. 9 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. EOCHESTEB DIVISION. Corning to Rochester, 94 miles. W. J. Murphy, Supt., Buffalo, N Y. Branches. — Attica Branch— Avon to Attica, 34 miles. Dansville and Mount Morris Branch — Avon to Dansville, 30 miles. Total miles of track, 158. BUFFALO DIVISION. Hornellsville to Buffalo, 91 miles. W. J. Murphy, Supt., Buffalo. Branches — Lockport Branch — Tonawanda to Lockport, 14 miles. Niagara Falls Branch —Buffalo to Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge, 23 miles. Erie and International R. R. Total miles of track, 127. WESTEEN DIVISION. Hornellsville to Dunkirk, 128 miles. "W. B. Coffin, Superintend- ent, Hornellsville. Branches —Bradford Branch — Carrollton to Johnsonburg, 53 miles. Toby Branch, 12 miles. Total miles of track, 193. BUFFALO AND SOUTHWESTEBN DIVISION. Buffalo to Jamestown, 68 miles. C. A. Brunn, Superintendent, Buffalo. Total miles of track, 68. Total miles operated by Erie Railway proper, 1,037. LOCAL LINES OPEEATED BY THE EEIE EAILWAT. New York and Greenwood Lake Railroad. — Jersey City to Green- wood Lake, 43 miles. Hon. A. S. Hewitt, President, New York; John N. Abbott, General Passenger Agent, New York; Stephen Smith, Superintendent, Jersey City.. Northern Railroad of New Jersey. — Jersey City to Nyack, N. Y., 29 miles. 0. A. Roorback, Superintendent; John N. xi-bbott, Gen- eral Passenger Agent, New York. LOCAL CONNECTIONS OF THE EEIE EAILWAV. At Montgomery, N. Y. (ina Montgomery Branch from Goshen), with the Wallkill Valley Railroad for Kingston and all points in the Catskill Mts., via Ulster and Delaware Railroad from Kingston. At Grey court, N. Y., with the Warwick Valley Railroad for War- wick, N. Y., Franklin, N. J., and Easton, Pa., and points in Penn- sylvania Coal Regions via Sussex Railroad and from Franklin. AtNewburgk, N. Y., with the New York and New England Rail- road for Boston, Hartford, and all principal New England points. 10 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. At Middletown, N. Y., with the New York, Ontario, and Western Railroad for Ellenville, Delhi, Norwich, Oneida, and Oswego. At Port Jervis, N. Y., with the Port Jervis and Monticello Rail- road for Monticello, N. Y. Also with stage for Milford, Pa ., and all points in the lower Delaware Valley. At Hawley, Pa. (via Honesdale Branch from Lackawaxen), with the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Gravity Railroad for Scranton, Pa., Pittston, Pa., Wilkesbarre, Pa., and all points in Pennsylvania Coal Regions. At Honesdale, Pa. (via Honesdale Branch from Lackawaxen), with Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Gravity Road for Car- bondale, Pa., Scranton, Pa., and all points in Pennsylvania Coal Regions . At Bingham ton, N. Y., with the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- road for Cooperstown, Sharon Springs, Albany, Troy, Saratoga, Boston, and principal New England cities; Syracuse and Bingham- tom Railroad for Syracuse and Oswego, and for Utica and Richfield Springs via Utica, Chenango, and Susquehanna Valley Railroad from Chenango Forks ; Southern Central Railroad for Auburn ; Del- aware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad for Scranton. At Owego, N. Y., with Cayuga Division, Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad for Ithaca and Cayuga Lake. At Blmira, N. Y., with Northern Central Railroad for Watkins Glen, Penn Yann, and Canandaigua, Williamsport, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington; Lehigh Valley Railroad for Wilkesbarre, Mauch Chunk, Easton, and Philadelphia; Utica, Ithaca, and Elmira Railroad for Ithaca and Syracuse ; Tioga and State Line Railroad for Tioga and Blossburg, Pa., and points in the semi-bituminous coal field of Pennsylvania. At Corning, N. Y., with Corning, Cowanesque, and Antrim Rail- road for Tioga, Wellsboro', and Antrim, Pa., and points in semi- bituminous coal fields ; Syracuse, Geneva, and Corning Railroad for Dundee and Geneva, N. Y. At Bath, N. Y. (via Rochester Division from Corning), with Bath and Hammondsport Railroad, for Hammondsport and Penn Yann, via Keuka Lake steamers from Hammondsport. At Gainesville, N. Y. (via Buffalo Division from Hornellsville), with Silver Lake Railway for Perry on Silver Lake. 11 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. At Wellsville, N". Y., and Cuba, N. Y., with the Bradford, Eldred, and Cuba Narrow Gauge Railroad for Bolivar, Smethport, and all points in the Alleghany oil field, Eldred, Pa., and via the Bradford, Bordell, and Kinzua Narrow Gauge from Eldred for Kane, Pa. At Cuba, N. Y., with Richburg Branch of Bradford, Eldred, and Cuba Railroad for Richburg, and with Tonawanda Valley Railroad for Java, Arcade and Attica, N. Y. At Olean, N. Y., with Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Rail- way for Buffalo, N. Y., Emporium, Ridgway, Lockhaven, Williams- port, Sunbury, Hamburg and Philadelphia, Pa., Baltimore and Washington, and points in Northern Oil Fields. At Salamanca, N. Y., with Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroad for LeRoy, Warsaw, and Rochester, and the New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio Railroad for Jamestown, Chautauqua Lake, and points in the middle and lower Oil Regions. THROUGH CONNECTIONS. At Buffalo, with the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways of Canada, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern R. R., making close connection with the entire system of railroads traversing the great West, and running direct to Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, and all points in the West, Northwest, South, and Southwest. Connection is also made with the steamers which, traversing the chain of immense lakes on our northern frontier, call A every port from Buffalo to Duluth, at the head of Lake Superior. At Salamanca with the New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio Rail, road for Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and all points West. This is the route of the famous "Erie and Chicago line," which runs Pullman Palace, Hotel, Sleeping, and Drawing-room cars without change between New York and Chicago, and of the St. Louis "Limited" Express, running Pullman Sleeping Coaches through to Cincinnati and St. Louis. At Dunkirk, with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern R. R. It will be seen that the traveler, either for business or pleasure, has almost unlimited facilities for reaching every part of the country via the Erie Railway, and a choice of routes in so doing. The points along the main line, from which the various branches and divisions diverge, together with the stations upon each, will be noted in their proper places in the succeeding pages of this Guide 12 EKIE KAILWAY ROUTE. and they are brought together here in order that the traveler may see, at a glance, the constant and ever-active enterprise of the Erie Railway Company in extending facilities for traffic and travel into the country adjacent to their main line. The equipment necessary to provide facilities for the constantly increasing travel and freight business of this road is something enormous. At the present time there are owned and in use five hun- dred and thirty-nine locomotives, four hundred regular passenger, mail, express, and baggage cars, and twenty-three thousand freight, coal, stock, and oil-cars. In addition to all these there are the Pullman Palace, Drawing-room, Dining, and Sleeping Coaches, elegantly fur- nished, in which traveling changes from a fatigue into a positive delight. SCENERY, ETC. The scenery along the route is eminently grand and imposing. After passing through the picturesque valley of the Passaic, in North- ern New Jersey, and the rolling and verdure-clad pastures of Rock- land and Orange Counties, where some of the finest dairies in the world are found, the bold and rugged scenery of the Delaware valley engages the attention of the traveler for the next 100 miles, to Deposit Station. Prom here we cross the country, surmounting a summit, to the Susquehanna valley. The valley of this beau- tiful river and its tributaries is then followed to Hornellsville, affording interesting and picturesque views of scenery, more par- ticularly mentioned in the descriptions of the different stations. From Hornellsville, on the main route, we again strike across the country, surmounting another summit, to the Alleghany River, at Olean, and follow its valley to Salamanca, from thence up the wild and rugged one of a tributary stream, and over another sum- mit, to the basin of Lake Erie, in descending the slope of which we catch occasional glimpses of that remarkable inland sea. • The Erie Railway in the course of its route brings the traveler within easy distance of each one of that singular tier of lakes which lie across the central portion of Western New York. These bodies of water, varying in extent, but all of considerable size, are a marked feature in the topography of the State. They all have a general direction north and south, and, navigable for steamboats, are surrounded by 13 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. lands of great fertLity, abound in fish, and on several of them the scenery is remarkably beautiful. Beginning with the most easterly, we have Skaneateles Lake, Owasco Lake, Cayuga Lake, Seneca Lake, Crooked Lake, Canandaigua Lake, Honeoye Lake, Canadice Lake, Hemlock Lake, and Conesus Lake. The six first-named drain their waters by the Oswego River, and the remainder by the Genesee River into Lake Ontario. In several of these lakes the water is of great depth and wonderful purity. In Seneca Lake the bottom can be distinctly seen at a depth of thirty feet; and soundings have been made which show in some places a depth of 500 feet. The larger of these lakes rarely freeze over their entire surfaces; more or less clear water being visible except in the most extraordinarily severe winters. Being easily reached from various points on the Erie or its branches, and the larger ones having facilities for navigation, they are yearly visited by an increasing number of tourists. The points on the Erie Railway from which these lakes can be most conveniently reached are as follows: For Skaneateles Lake, Binghamton; for Cayuga Lake, Owego; for Seneca Lake, Elmira; for Crooked Lake, Bath; for Canandaigua Lake, Blood's Station; for Conesus, Hemlock, Can- adice, and Honeoye Lakes, Livonia. At each of these points the tourist will find either rail or stage communications. Beyond the Genesee we have Silver Lake, in Wyoming County, and at last the beautiful Chautauqua, " the gem of New York lakes," whose waters turn southward through the Alleghany River, the Ohio, and the Mis- sissippi. TRAFFIC ON THE ERIE RAILWAY. The extraordinary multiplication of connecting routes has had its legitimate result in developing the business of the Erie Railway. The iron, coal, lumber, and oil of Northern Pennsylvania, the grain and live stock of the vast western prairies, the dairy products of New York and Ohio, the returning freights of merchandise from the great metropolis, furnish a traffic sufficient to make the revenues of a king- dom ; while the vast increase in the passenger business, as compared with other trunk lines, furnishes unerring testimony that the supe- rior comforts and attractions of tins route are being more and more understood and appreciated by the traveling public. The annual re- port of the New York State Engineer for 1881 makes public the im- 14 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. portant official fact that the Erie Railway carried 5,491,441 passen- gers during that year, and that out of that number only two were killed, both of them through their own carelessness. Volumes could not demonstrate more completely the attractions and conveniences of a road that induce such an enormous army of tourists to select it, nor the constant care of a management which renders the transpor- tation of them so secure. Passengers intending to travel by the Erie from New York have only to leave their orders at the offices of the Company, when an agent will call for their baggage and check it direct from hotel or resi- dence to destination. An agent passes through the cars and takes up checks for baggage from the incoming passengers, delivering it tc whatever part of New York or Brooklyn it may be ordered sent. 15 Broadway, New York, LOOKING SOUTH FROM BARCLAY STREET AND THE NEW POST OI'FIOE. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. JEKSEY CITY, Hudson Co., N. J., 1 mile from New York. From Dunkirk, 459. The second largest city in the State of New Jersey, having a population of about 120,000, and the seat of a large manufacturing interest. It contains many churches, seminaries, and public schools of unusual excellence; banks, savings institutions, etc , etc., and many elegant private residences. The position of the city is one of extraordinary advantage, being the initial point of several important lines of railway to the West and South. The Pennsylvania Central, the New Jersey Central, the New Jersey Midland, and the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western R.R., all have their main depots here. The city has a large frontage on two very deep rivers — the Hudson and the Hackensack— and a large and growing shipping interest. Two lines of ocean steamers have their docks here: the Monarch, to Liverpool, and the New York and Cardiff line to Wales. Leaving Jersey City, the Bergen Tunnel is soon reached. This tunnel is cut through Bergen Heights, the southern end of a re- markable ridge of land lying parallel to the Hudson River, and be- tween it and the great salt marsh through which the Hackensack River flows into Newark Bay. The eastern side of this ridge is a line of precipitous cliffs called the Palisades, which, extending through Jersey City, strike the Hudson River at Weehawken, and form its west bank lor more than twenty miles, nearly to Piermont. The tunnel is about seven-eighths of a mile in length, and was com- pleted in 1861. On the height of land a few rods north of the tun- nel is the reservoir from which Jersey City is supplied with water, which is brought in pipes from the Passaic River. Just after smerging from the tunnel, the Nyack branch, or Northern R.R. of New Jersey, diverges to the right (see p. 73), and the Newark branch (see p. 72) to the left. The main line crosses the salt marsh and the Hackensack River, and the first station is RUTHERFORD PARK, Bergen Co., N. J., 9£ miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 450£. Here is a thriving suburban village of about 600 inhabitants, situ- ated within the limits of Union Township. The residents chiefly carry on business in New York city. The village contains several churches, a good school, several summer boarding-houses, and a 17 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. large hotel. Fine fishing, boating, and hunting are among the at- tractions of this place. The drives are delightful. Two miles west of Rutherford Park the railroad crosses Passaic River, a beau- tiful stream, flowing south through the city of Newark into Newark Bay, affording an outlet for navigation from Newark to New York. PASSAIC, Passaic Co , N- J., 12£ miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 447-£. This is a large and handsome place, having a population of about 5,000. The village is beautifully laid out, and is rendered attractive by an abundance of shade trees. There are a number of churches, two good hotels, many private houses which entertain sum- mer visitors, aDd several large manufactories located in the village and its suburbs. Dundee Lake, 3 miles distant, is reached by a charming drive. CLIFTON, Passaic Co., N. J., 13| miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 446^. This is a small but attractive place, near the shores of Dundee Lake, a noted resort for lovers of fishing and aquatic sports. Many prominent New York business men have their residences here. Drives to Paterson, Passaic, Rutherford, Hackensack, and Belleville are very charming. LAKE VIEW, Passaic Co., N. J., 15 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 445. Hotel Lake View. Pleasantly situated on a slope of ground rising eastward from the railway track to a considerable eminence, whence it overlooks the Passaic River and Dundee Lake, and a charming variety of land- scape. PATERSON, Passaic Co., N. J., 17 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 443. This city, one of the largest in the State, contains about 50,000 inhabitants. It was founded in 1791, under the auspices of Alex- ander Hamilton, for the purpose of carrying on the cotton manufac- ture. The place has become an important manufacturing city, having an immense water-power, and good facilities for communi- cation with the great markets. Besides the Erie Railway, the Del., Lack., and Western R.R., the New Jersey Midland R.R., and the 18 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. Morris Canal pass through the city. It is also connected with New- ark by a branch of the Erie. The Grant and Rogers Locomotive Works, silk mills, and numerous factories have made the place famous the world over. The celebrated Passaic Falls are within the limits of the city, and the scenery in the neighborhood is bold and romantic. There are several places for the accommodation of Lhe traveler. HAWTHORNE, Passaic Co., H. J., 19 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 441. A thickly settled suburb of Paterson. Close at hand are the Preakness Hills, the " Gome," and the historic Waugarau Valley, where the Indians came to meet the old Dutch settlers and en- joy the first " waugan raucht," or wagon ride. This locality abounds in traditions of interest to the antiquarian. RIDGE WOOD, Bergen. Co., N. X, 22 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 438. The village, formerly called Godwinville Station, is situated c the eastern slope of a wooded ridge, and spreads over the f aires part of the Paramus Valley. Several celebrated men reside here . There are some points of historical interest near here. The Iocl tion is free from all malaria, and healthful. HOHOKUS, Bergen Co-, N. J., 23^ miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 436£. The location is romantic and picturesque. On the one side i a wild gorge through which a torrent rapidly rushes ; on the othe_ stretches the fairest portion of the Paramus Valley. Directly below the station is the old stone mansion in which Aaron Burr wooed and won Miss Provost. Farther away is the Dutch Church, turned by the British into a prison-house for soldiers of the Revo- lutionary army. Hohokus is the residence of Joe Jefferson, the famous Rip Van Winkle. ALLENDALE, Bergen Co., N. J., 25f miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 434-}. Noted for the extent of its fruit and berry culture ; within a short distance are several churches of various denominations. 19 VIEW ON THE ERIE RAILWAY AT HOHOKUS. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. RAMSEY'S, Bergen Co., N. J., 28 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 432. This village has long been famed for the quantity of strawber. ries it sends to the New York market. There are two hotels, and % number of summer boarding-houses. Within a short distance ire eight churches. Darlington, the celebrated stock farm of the proprietor of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, is near Ramsey's. MAHWAH, Bergen Co., N- J., 30 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 430. The enchanting scenery of this neighborhood offers great attrac- tions to the summer visitor. SUFFERN, Rockland Co., N. Y., 32 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 428. At this point the traveler finds himself at the base of a range of mountains named the Ramapo or Blue Mountains. They are prop- erly the southern extremity of the Highlands of the Hudson. Suf- fern is the beginning of the beautiful scenery of the Ramapo Valley. In the immediate neighborhood are lakes abounding in bass and pickerel. There are good hotels and private boarding-houses, and churches of various denominations. From Suffern the old line of the Erie diverges through Tallman's, Monsey, Spring Valley, Nanuet, and Blauveltsville, all of which, except Spring Valley, are small and unimportant stations, to PIERMONT, Rockland Co., N. Y., 24 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 446. This place is beautifully situated on the west bank of the Hudson, a little above the upper end of the Palisades, and on the lower end of the widening in the river known as Tappan Bay. The views in all directions — up, down, and across the river, and towards the High- lands in the rear — are very attractive, and Piermont has become a popular place of summer residence for many of the citizens of New York. Near Tarrytown, on the opposite side of the river, is the place where Andre was captured, and the place of his execution was at Tappan, the village shown on the map a little southwest of 20 FALLS OF THE RAM APO RIVER ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. Piermont. An immense pier, one mile in length, extends out into the river at the terminus of the railway, and with the mountain in the rear of the village gives the name of Piermont to the town. The railway now passes through a deep valley, or gap, in the range of hills which cross this country in a south-westerly direction, ex- tending from the Highlands of the Hudson across into New Jersey, where they form the Orange Mountain. A short distance beyond Suffern are the remains of a fortification thrown up in the Revolu- tionary war to defend the pass from an anticipated advance of the British towards New York. This whole region is peculiarly rich in revolutionary relics and lore. RAMAPO, Rockland Co., N. Y-, 34 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 426. An extensive car-building and car-wheel manufacturing interest is located at this point. The Ramapo Manufacturing Co., and the Ramapo Wheel and Foundry Co., are among the largest car and car- wheel factories in the country. A prominent feature of the land- scape here is Tome Mountain, from the summit of which General Washington watched the movements of the British troops in New York harbor, while he was quartered in the Ramapo Valley. SLOATSBURG, Rockland Co., N. Y., 36 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 424. An attractive village, with beautiful scenery all around it. Many lakes in the neighborhood afford sport for the angler. LORILLARD'S, Rockland Co-, N. Y., 38£ miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 421^. This is a station for the accommodation of visitors to Lorillard Lake, one of a dozen or more mountain lakes in this region. It is the property of the Lorillards in New York, and a great resort for black bass fishermen. SOUTHFIELDS, Orange Co., N. Y., 42 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 418. A station surrounded by mountain scenery. 21 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. GREENWOOD, Orange Co., N. Y, 44 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 416. Here are located the extensive furnaces in which are manufac« tured the materials for the famous Parrott guns. TURNERS, Orange Co., N. Y., 48 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 412. Change cars for Central Valley, Highland Mills, Woodbury, Mountainville, Cornwall, and Newburg. Here is the beginning of the famous Orange county dairy region. There is a very well kept eating-house at this station, at which all trains stop for refreshments. The village is a mere hamlet. It is one of the most popular refreshment stations on the route. Slaugh- ter, Rumsey, Little Long, Mambasha, and Round lakes are within three or four miles of this place. From Turner's diverges the short cut to Newburg (see p. 75). MONROE, Orange Co., N. Y, 50 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 410. hotels: seven springs MOUNTAIN HOUSE, AND MONROE HOUSE. This village has the greatest altitude above tide-water between Jersey City and the Shawangunk Mountains. The adjacent coun- try is a famous dairy section, and immense quantities of milk are sent from this station to New York. Several handsome lakes are in the vicinity. Greenwood Lake is nine miles distant, and Monroe, Mambasha, Walton, and Long ponds, abounding in fish, are near. OXFORD, Orange Co., N. Y, 52 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 408. A small hamlet, near which an iron mine is worked, the ore be- ing sent to the works at Greenwood. There are eight churches within three miles. GREYCOURT, Orange Co., N. Y, 54 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 406. This is quite a railroad centre ; for from this point diverge two branch roads, one to Warwick (see p. 76), ten miles south, the other to Newburgh. Prior to the completion of the " Short Cut," the lat- ter was the regularly traveled Erie route to that city. It is eighteen miles in length, and follows the valley of Moodna (Murderer's) Creek, passing Craigville, Washington, Salisbury, and Vail's Gate 22 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. stations, through a hilly country, though the hills are generally arable to their summits. Three-fourths of a mile beyond Vail's Gate, a junction is made with the " Short Cut Line," to Newburgh. Passing Greycourt, we soon cross the Greycourt Meadows, a curi- ous peat-bog nearly a hundred feet in depth in some parts, so soft and yielding that it was found necessary to make a foundation for the railway by driving piles to prevent the earth embankment from being swallowed up as fast as deposited. The bones of a large mas- todon were found in this bog some years ago. The soil is very fertile, having been reclaimed by draining, etc., and immense crops of onions are raised here. CHESTER, Orange Co., N. Y., 55 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 405. This is the name of the township and of its central village. The railway runs through East Chester, and there is another village called West Chester; the three villages being arranged in a triangle about a mile apart. GOSHEN, Orange Co., N- Y., 61 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 399. A beautiful village of about 2,500 inhabitants, and lies in the heart of Orange County. The dairies in this region are celebrated. Until the farmers adopted the plan of selling the milk in the New York market instead of making it into butter, "Goshen butter" was famous the country over. The Minisink monument, in the public square, commemorates the gallant men who fell fighting the noted Indian leader Brandt (" Thay-an-den-egea, the Scourge "), in 1779. The traveler will find churches, banks, newspapers, and all the modern improvements in this pleasant town. At and near Goshen are some of the largest horse-breeding establishments in the world; near by are also the stock farms of Robert Bonner, Gold- smith, and others. Goshen is well situated for a place of summer resort, as famous fishing and hunting grounds are within easy reach. The hotels and boarding-houses are numerous and well appointed. From Goshen two branches of the Erie diverge, the Montgomery branch (see p. 78), and the Pine Island branch (see p. 77). Change cars for Montgomery, Lake Mohonk, Lake Minnewaska (New Paltz), and resorte in the Catskill Mountains. 23 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. HAMPTON, Orange Co., N. Y. 5 64 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 396. Prior to the diversion of the water-power of the Wallkili River, this was a maufaeturing town, but is now a quiet village. The valley of the Wallkili is chiefly made up of peat-bogs, large portions of which have been drained and proved to be remarkably fertile. Bones of the mastodon have been found in these bogs. MIDDLE TOWN, Orange Co., N. Y., . 67 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 393. Situated between and upon a number of sloping hills facing each other, like the seats in an amphitheatre, is an important and growing place. The scenery on every side is enchanting, and pre- sents many attractions to the tourist. The city has a number of churches, some of which are noble structures, and many elegant private dwellings. The State Homoeopathic Asylum for the insane is located here. There are a number of good hotels. The manufac- turing interests are large, and embrace a considerable variety of pro- ducts, among which are, steel, saws, files, horse-shoe nails, hats, blan- kets, leather, agricultural implements, etc. Over a thousand hands are employed in these industries. There are excellent schools, sev- eral banks and newspapers, waterworks, and a good Fire Depart- ment. Population about 9,000. The Crawford branch of the Erie extends from Middletown through a rich dairy region to Pine Bush, near the Ulster County line. The New York, Ontario, and Western R.R. diverges from Middletown, running a northerly course to Os- wego on Lake Ontario, and the New Jersey Midland southerly through New Jersey to New York city. HOWELL'S, Orange Co., N. Y., ft miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 389. A smail village. Beyond Howell's some of the finest scenery on the route begins. The railway leaves the fertile meadows of Orange Co. , and begins the ascent of the Shawangunk range, the cultivated lands disappear, and Nature in wild beauty resumes her empire. 24 o Si H d si Ed a ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. OTISVILLE, Orange Co., N. Y., 76 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 384. Otisville is nearly on the summit of the mountain. Passing through a long and heavy rock cut, the summit is passed, and the valley below is reached by gradually descending the steep and rug- ged slope of the Shawangunk mountain, in a southerly direction, on a grade of about forty-five feet to a mile. The character of the scenery changes wonderfully after leaving Otisville. We pass alternately through gloomy cuts and over side-hill embank- ments, commanding magnificent views of the romantic valley of the Neversink, traversed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and dotted with farm-houses and villages. GUYMARD, Orange Co., N, Y-, 80 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 380. There is a fine hotel, a chalybeate spring, and a clear mountain lake well supplied with fish, affording, in connection with a health- ful atmosphere and mountain scenery, a popular summer retreat near the metropolis. Near the base of the mountain the railroad passes through the " Black Rock Cut," then describes a long curve com- manding a beautiful view of the Delaware and Neversink Valleys. PORT JERVIS, Orange Co., N. Y, 88 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 372. Stands upon the eastern bank of the Delaware, overshadowed by the twin mountains Point Peter and Mount William. Port Jer- vis is one of the most flourishing towns on the line of the Erie Railway. At a point just south of the town, near the junction of the Neversink with the Delaware, is the corner boundary between New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Port Jervis was so named in honor of John B. Jervis, the engineer of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. There are three good hotels, churches of vari- ous denominations, and a population of about ten thousand. Port Jervis is the station from which the picturesque summer resorts, Milford and Dingman's, in Pike County, Pa., are reached by stage and carriage over one of the finest drives in the county. The scen- ery about these places is unrivaled. Numerous lakes and waterfalls are to be found in the immediate vicinity; deer and other wild game 25 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. afford sport to the hunter, while the streams are stocked with black and striped bass, trout, etc. De Witt Clinton, whose name is in- separably linked with the great system of internal improvements in the State of New York, was born near Port Jervis. VIEW ON THE ERIE RAILWAY, DELAWARE RIVER. Stages run daily to Milford, Dingman's Ferry, and Stroudsburg, Pa., and to Branchville, N. J., connecting there with the Sussex R.R. for Newton, etc. From Port Jervis the Port Jervis and Mon- ticello Railway extends into the famous Sullivan County summer resort region,, the terminus being Monticello, 24 miles (see p. 78). This is the route from New York to White Lake. POND EDDY, Pike Co , Pa., 100 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 360. The name of a point in the river where a sudden bend forms a wide 26 p* «i H fc < <1 , o w £ f* i O p < p ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. and deep basin. The road runs for a long distance along the steep and rugged bank of the Delaware, high up the side of the precipice. The view, though perhaps trying to the nerves of a timorous man, especially when flying along on the lightning express train, is grand and imposing. This portion of the road was extremely difficult and expensive to build, being cut in the solid rock. It was frequently necessary, in making the surveys, to lower the engineers and their assistants from above with ropes to prevent them from falling. SHOHOLA, Pike Co., Pa., 107 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 353. Opposite to this station is the village of Barryville, in Sullivan County, N. Y., supported principally by the coal and lumber trade On the Shohola Creek, a mile from the station, is a wonderful glen, abounding in waterfalls and weird nooks. Shohola is the station for a celebrated game and fishing region in Sullivan and Pike counties. Six miles from Shohola, in Sullivan County, are the Highland Lakes, a favorite summer resort. LACKA WAXEN, Pike Co., Pa., Ill miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 349 At the junction of Lacka waxen and Delaware rivers. The Dela. ware and Hudson Canal comes down the valley of the Lackawaxen Elver, and crosses the Delaware River in an aqueduct supported by a wire suspension bridge. The Honesdale branch (see page 79) here unites with the Erie Railway, bringing in the immense quantities of anthracite coal which are mined and forwarded by the Pennsylvania Coal Co. and Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. Lackawaxen is a favor- ite summer resort for city people. There are the best of trout, bass and pickerel fishing here, and deer and partridge hunting. Near by, on the hill overlooking the Delaware, was fought, in 1779, the bloody battle of Minisink, between the Indians, under Brandt, and the Americas militia, under Colonel Tusten, in which the militia suffered severely, about one-half of them being killed. Until very lately it was possi- ble to find, imbedded in the forest trees that were standing at the time of the conflict, bullets that had been fired by the participants in the battle. The whole region was a favorite hunting-ground of the Indians, and many relics, such as arrowheads and tomahawks, 27 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. have been found. Five miles from Lackawaxen, in the primeval woods, are the ruins of the buildings of Horace Greeley's unsuccess- ful Fourierite Community. PINE GROVE, Pike Co., Pa., 116 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 344. A small, unimportant station, two miles beyond which the railway recrosses the Delaware over a wooden bridge about 600 feet long. NARROWSBTJRG, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 122 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 338. So called from the narrow gorge through which the river passes at this place. A wooden bridge connects the two banks by a single span of 184 feet. A pretty village, and quite popular as a summer residence. Narrowsburg is a leading dining station on the Erie, ex- press trains stopping twenty minutes here for meals. COCHECTON, Sullivan Co , N. Y., 131 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 329. A rich valley, about two miles long and one mile wide, here stretches along the river, abounding in orchards, grain fields, and meadows. On the other side of the river, in Pennsylvania, is the village of Damascus. In this locality is laid the scene of Cooper's novel, "The Last of the Mohicans." CALLICOON, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 136 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 324. On Callicoon Creek, the region is wild and thinly settled. The inhabitants are engaged in lumbering, farming and tanning. HANKINS, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 143 miles from Neiv York. From Dunkirk, 317. A small, unimportant station near the line of Sullivan County. BASKET STATION, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 143 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 317. At the mouth of Basket Creek. The post-office is Long Eddy. 28 o t-l U w w I— I o o H o <1 W w u W O TO td d w 9 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. LORDVILLE, Delaware Co, N. Y., 154 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 306. Formerly called Equinunk Station, from the pretty village of thai name on the opposite side of the river in Pennsylvania. STOCKPORT, Delaware Co., N. Y-, 159 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 301. The village of Stockport is across the river in Pennsylvania. Four miles north of here the railroad crosses the east branch of the Dela ware, which unites with the main branch a little below. HANCOCK, Delaware Co., N- Y., 164 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 296. This pretty, romantic village, shut in between the mountains, is at the junction of the two branches of the Delaware ; it is an im- portant railroad and trading station. A suspension bridge spans the Delaware at this place. Hi^ES EDDY, Delaware Co , N. Y., 172 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 288. So named from Oliver Hale, the first settler. DEPOSIT, Delaware Co., N- Y-, 177 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 283. Formerly the center of a large lumber business ; is an important station. Extensive cattle-yards were erected here in 1870. One mile west of this point we cross the Oquago Creek, and leaving the basin of the Delaware, commence on a heavy ascending grade to sur- mount the dividing ridge between this basin and that of the Susque- hanna. For eight miles the road passes through wild and rugged scenery, with occasional magnificent views. SUMMIT, Broome Co., N", Y., 185 miles from Neiv York. From Dunkirk, 275. This station is 1,366 feet above the level of the sea. Deposit being ' 997 feet above, a difference of 369 feet in eight miles. From this 29 ■w\ SCENE ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. point the road descends on a grade of sixty feet per mile for about eight miles. About four miles from the summit we come to the Cas- cade Bridge, a beautiful and wonderful structure, spanning a ravine 250 feet wide and 184 feet deep. A very inadequate idea of its mag- nitude can be formed while passing over it in the cars ; but from the valley below, the view is truly magnificent. The bridge is con- structed of wood and iron, and though very strong and solid, arches between the natural abutments of solid rock in a light and graceful manner. It was constructed under the direction of John Fowler. STARUCCA VIADUCT — ERIE RAILWAY. Shortly after leaving this bridge we arrive at the Starucca Viaduct. This is a little beyond the State line in Pennsylvania. It is a mag- nificent and costly structure, 1,200 feet in length and 110 feet in height. There are eighteen arches. Like the Cascade Bridge, it should be viewed from below to obtain a full idea of its grandeur 30 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. and extent. By stopping over one train at the next station, Susque- hanna, this may easily be accomplished. The village of Lanesbor- ough is passed, a little beyond the viaduct, on a trestle bridge, some seventy feet above the Caneawacta Creek. SUSQUEHANNA, Susquehanna Co., Pa., 193 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 267. At this place the Railway Company have established very exten- sive lepair-shops and engine-houses, giving employment to a large number of men. Meals are supplied to travelers at the spacious dining-saloon at the station. The road now follows the valley of the Susquehanna, crossing it ov a wooden bridge, 800 feet long, half a mile beyond the station. The grades are now very light, not exceeding five feet per mile on the entire Susquehanna section, extending to Iiornellsville. From Susquehanna a branch road passes through Susquehanna Co., Pa., to the heart of the great anthracite region in Luzerne Co. The distance from Susquehanna to Carbondale, its terminus, is 38 miles. This road is one of the great feeders of the Erie, pouring a constant and enormous coal tonnage, via the main line, to tide water at Jersey City, and westward to Binghamton and points north. GREAT BEND, Susquehanna Co., Pa., 201 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 259. The village of Great Bend, on the opposite side of the river from the station, is connected with a bridge for ordinary travel. Running four miles northwesterly from Great Bend, the railway crosses into New York State once more and does not aorain leave it. KIRKWOOD, Broome Co., N. Y., 206 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 254. Named after the former able Superintendent of the road. Near this place is the birthplace of the celebrated Joe Smith, the great original prophet of the Mormon religion. 31 EKIE RAILWAY ROUTE. BINGHAMTON, Broome Co., N. Y. 216 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 244. HOTEL : HOTEL BENNETT. This beautiful city, incorporated in 1867, is delightfully situated at the junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna rivers, and is one of the finest inland cities in the State. Its broad and well-paved streets, handsome church edifices and business structures, bear evidence of prosperity and wealth. Besides the Brie, five other railroads centre here. The Albany and Susquehanna, giving direct commu- nication with Albany, Saratoga Springs, Boston, and the principal New England cities, and also with Carbondale and Scranton, and points in the anthracite coal fields ; the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western for Scranton, the Pennsylvania coal regions, Delaware Water Gap, and Philadelphia ; the Syracuse and Binghamton R.R. for Syracuse and Oswego ; the Utica and Chenango Valley R.R. for Norwich, Richfield Springs, Utica, etc. The State Insane Asylum is located here, two and a half miles east of the city, north of the railway, on the crest of a hill commanding a magnificent view of the Susquehanna Valley, the city, and the surrounding country. It is 365 feet long and 82 feet wide, and is built of stone and brick, in the castellated Gothic style of archi- tecture. Its grounds occupy about 400 acres. The Susquehanna Valley Home and Industrial School for indigent children opened Sept. 7, 1870. It is on the south side of the Susquehanna river on a track of 45 acres, and has received State aid towards its support. There are several academies, a High School for both sexes, a com- mercial college, several hotels, and newspapers, numerous fine and costly churches, extensive manufacturing interests and a large and growing local trade. On account of the extraordinary facilities for bringing together here the iron and coal products of the whole coun- try, its available water-power, good climate, and attractive natural surroundings, Binghamtom offers great inducements as a location for manufacturing interests. The city has a population of 21,000. In 1870 it had less than 13,000 ; this growth is the result of the devel- opment of business enterprises. HOOPER, Broome Co., N. Y. 221 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 239. A small village at the mouth of Patterson Creek. The Methodist Episcopal Church has here two groves for camp-meetings. 32 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. UNION, Broome Co., N. Y 223 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 237 A flourishing village in the township of the same name, about hall a mile from the Susquehanna River, surrounded by fine farming lands. There are three hotels, a large tannery, and several lumber establishments and rake factories. Stage connections are made to Maine, Broome Co., to Whitney's Point, Union Center, Glen Aubrey, and Lamb's Corners daily. Crossing Nanticoke Creek, the road turns to the north and passes the manufacturing village of Apalachin. CAMPVILLE, Tioga Co., N. Y. 230 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 230. A small village just half-way between New York and Dunkirk. OWEGO, Tioga Co., N. Y. 237 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 223. Hotel: Ahwaga. This is the county seat of Tioga County. It is situated at the junction of Owego Creek and the Susquehanna River. The village is rapidly increasing in importance, and now has about 6,000 population, and is the center of a large agricultural district. The county buildings are among the finest in the State. Among the prominent business enterprises are the " Champion " Grain Drill Co. , the Owego Cruciform Burial Casket Co. , and Ely's Cream Balm for cartarrhal troubles, which ranks high as a curative, and is for sale by druggists throughout the United States. Beautiful drives are numerous about Owego. A bridge connects the two banks of the Susquehanna. On the Owego Creek, in the west part of the village, is " Glen Mary," the former residence of N. P. Willis. Here he wrote his charming "Letters from under a Bridge." Connection is made at Owego with the Southern Central Railroad for Auburn. The Cayuga Division of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad extends from Owego to Ithaca on Cayuga Lake, affording a direct and easy route from New York, via the Erie, to one of the most picturesque regions in the State. Stages run daily to Flemingville, Weltonville, West Newark, Jenksville, and Speedville, and tri-weekly to Apalachin, Little Meadows, Friendsville, West Warren, and Le Raysville. A steamboat runs on the Susquehanna River to Hiawatha Grove, a noted picnic ground four miles east of Owego. 33 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. ITHACA, Tompkins Co,N. Y., 269 miles from Mew York. HOTEL: ITHACA HOUSE. This place is not directly on the line of the Erie Railway, yet its importance and attractiveness to the tourist require for it a place in this work, especially as the Erie is the chief means of approach from New York and the east and west to this delightful resort of the lover ENFIELD FALLS, NEAR ITHACA, N. Y. of nature. Owing to the peculiar formation of the rock strata in this region the streams have worn deep channels, and waterfalls which were once at the face of the bluffs have receded from one to two miles, forming deep rocky chasms, bordered by perpendicular walls. As the rocks are composed of strata differing in hardness, the water has worn them irregularly. 34 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. The various streams in the vicinity of Ithaca, both those flowing into the Cayuga Lake and those flowing south, present, therefore, scenes of extraordinary beauty. The many cascades and the gulf scenery attract a constantly increasing number of tourists, and for their accommodation conveniences of access to the more noted points have been made, so that the visitor is relieved of much of the fatigue usually attending the exploration of such places. Almost in the village itself, and within a few minutes' walk of the Ithaca Hotel, is Ithaca Fall, on Fall Creek. This stream flows through the grandest gorge in this magnificent region ; there are eight falls on it within two miles of the village post-office, all surrounded by wonderful rock scenery. From the bridge on Aurora street one of the finest possible views is obtained of this cataract. The water leaps downward 150 feet at an angle of 70°, and is broken into a multitude of cascades by the inequalities of rock surface over which it flows. Cascadilla Creek is another stream which finds its outlet through the village and whose picturesque scenery begins only a very short distance from the busiest portion of Ithaca. Six Mile Creek is also within easy walking distance from the Hotel and will well reward the lover of the pictur- esque for the fatigue of its exploration. Buttermilk Falls, Barnes'r Glen, Lick Brook, Newfield Ravine, The West Branch, Enfield Ravine, Coy's Glen, Taghanic, McKinney's, Burdick's Glen, Salmon Creek, the Ludlow ville Falls are all within ten miles of Ithaca, and are ful.' of scenes of the most picturesque and extraordinary beauty, whict will well reward the tourist for prolonging his stay in the vicinity. Ithaca is the seat of Cornell University, founded by the Hon. Ezn Cornell, and is also a place of extensive manufacturing industries. The Ithaca Organ and Piano Co. and the Calendar Clock Co. have very large factories here, employing many hands. There is steamboat communication with all points on Cayuga Lake, and railroads connecting the town with the whole railroad system of the State. The Ithaca Hotel, a large and well-kept house, affords excellent accommodations to the tourist who desires to spend a few days in the heart of this wonderful region. PULPIT FALL— on Buttermilk Greek, Ithaca, N. "ST. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. TIOGA CENTRE, Tioga Co., N. Y., 242 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 218. A small station at the mouth of Catatunk Creek. Here are several mills and about sixty dwellings. SMITHBOROUGH, Tioga Co., N. Y., 246 from New York. From Dunkirk, 214. A village in Tioga Township, containing about 300 inhabitants. The Southern Central R.R. has a depot here, and tri-weekly stages run to Nichols, N. Y., Windham, Herrick, Patterville, Camptown, and Orwell, Pa. A bridge crosses the Susquehanna here. CORNELL LIBRARY, ITHACA, N - . Y. BARTON, Tioga Co., N. Y., 249 miles from Neiv York. From Dunkirk, 211. This is a thriving and pretty situated village in the southeast corner of the township of the same name. The Susquehanna here bends towards the south and soon passes into Pennsylvania, across which it winds its way into Maryland, where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The railroad now crosses an intervale meadow and the Cayuta Creek on a high embankment and bridge, passing the vil- lage of Factoryville, which lies a little over a mile north of the railway. 36 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. WAVERLY, Tioga Co., N. Y., 256 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 204. This is an incorporated village in the southwest part of Barton Township, very near the line of Pennsylvania, and near that of Chemung County. It has about 6,000 inhabitants, and is rapidly increasing. It contains an academy, five churches, and several manu- factories. Near the station is Spanish Hill, the scene of an incident connected with the massacre of Wyoming. Three of the prisoners, who were being carried away by six Indians, rose in the night, and slaying five of their captors, escaped unharmed. Tioga Point, lying south of Waverly, is a tongue of land between the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers, which unite below it. It has some historical interest, as it was the rendezvous of the British and Indians before they ravaged the Wyoming Valley, and of the American forces under Sullivan and Clinton, in 1779, when in pursuit of Brandt after the massacre at Lackawaxen. Waverly has superior railroad facilities. Besides the Erie, the Lehigh Valley, the Southern Central, and the Ithaca and Athens roads all have depots in the town. The Tioga Hotel, a new ana spacious house, is the principal hotel in Waverly. CHEMUNG, Chemung Co-, N- Y-, 260 miles from Neiv York. From Dunkirk, 200. This is the name of the railroad station and post-office. The little village is called Breckville. WELLSBURG, Chemung Co , N. Y-, 266 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 194. This is a manufacturing village in the southeast part of the town- ship ; population about 800. There are good hotels and three handsome churches. About two miles south of the village is a very picturesque glen, well worthy of a visit. Stage connections are made tri-weekly for Centerville, Pennyville, Ridgeburg and Smithfield, Pa. There is a wire suspension bridge over the Chemung River at this place. In 1799 Gen. Sullivan and his army, on their march in pursuit of the British and Indians, encamped in this valley and threw up a breastwork. The enemy 37 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. were under command of Colonels Butler and Johnson and the notorious half-breed John Brandt. An encounter took place, August 29th, in which, after an obstinate conflict of two hours, the enemy were completely routed and dispersed. A monument marks the scene of this memorable struggle, having been erected on the centen- nial anniversary of the event. SOUTHPORT. Chemung, Co., N. Y., 273 miles from New, York. From Dunkirk, 187. A station in the fifth ward of the city of Elmira. ELMIRA, Chemung Co., N. Y., 274 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 186. HOTEL— FRASIER HOUSE, NEAR DEPOT. This is one of those cities whose growth seems almost like magic, having grown up almost entirely within the last thirty years. It is, in fact, one of the contributions of the Erie Railway to the prosperity of the country. But a few years ago an insignificant village, it is now a city of over 20,000 inhabitants, with extensive manufactories and a large and growing trade. It is on the line of the Erie, the Northern Central, the Lehigh Valley R R. , and the Utica, Ithaca, and Elmira R.R. The city is supplied with water from Seely and Cars Creeks, and Lake Eldridge. It has an efficient fire-department and police. The public schools of Elmira are among the best in the State. The school buildings are handsome and substantial, and are surrounded in every instance with play-grounds three to five acres in extent. There are about ,3,000 children in attendance, with a good corps of teachers, and an efficient Board of Education. The Elmira Female College, under the care of the Synod of Geneva, is a largo and amply endowed institution of learning. The Elmira Academy of Science, organized in 1861, has an astronomical observatory, in connection with the Female College, and a cabinet of geology. There are a number of literary and benevolent associations in Elmira, a State Reformatory, and a widely known water-cure estab- lishment. At Elmira the Erie Railway makes close connection with the Nor- thern Central Railroad for Havana and Watkins Glens, the steam- boats on Seneca Lake, and points beyond. 38 fib-A-sxedk zeeo-ctse, ELMIRA, N. Y. A. J. DOBBINS, Proprietor. Thoroughly renovated and heated by steam. Bells, baths, etc. NO EXTEA CHARGE FOR STEAM. Near Union Depot. TERMS, $2.00 PER DAY. Ask Your Dealer for Gives a quick, brilliant, and durable polish, with positive nour- ishment to the leather. It is different in composition from common blackings, being based upon the French process with every valuable feature of the French style retained, while such improvements have been made as to insure a dryer a:id more durable gloss, with increased pliability of the leather. EKIE RAILWAY ROUTE, Watkins Glen. Among the many places of beauty and interest accessible via the Erie Railway, none exceed in picturesque and romantic scenery the celebrated Watkins and Havana Glens. Watkins Glen is in close proximity to the village of Watkins, which is the county seat of Schuy- ler County, and has been made accessible to visitors by the construction of a series of rude staircases and bridges spanning the chasm at vari- ous points. The stream of water which here finds its way into Sen- eca Lake has, in the course of ages, cut its way through the mountain and formed a narrow and deep gorge, through which it runs, forming in its course a series of cascades, rapids and pools, which, taken with their weird surroundings, form a scene of almost indescribable beauty. Names have been given to various portions of the gorge, descriptive of the peculiar formation of each locality, such as Glen Cathedral, where the enclosing walls of rock widen into a vast amphitheater ; the Glen of Pools, where the action of the water has worn numerous basins in its rocky bed. The falls and cascades are also known by titles, such as "Entrance Cascade," "Minnehaha," "Sylvan Rapids," " Rainbow Falls," "The Artist's Dream,'' etc. There are good hotels in Watkins for the accommodation of the immense number of visitors who assemble here every season. The Glen Mountain House is situated on Mount Watkins, in the glen. It is an excellent hotel, in every way first-class, and admirably adapted for accommodating summer visitors. The Glen Park Hotel, situated near the entiance to the glen, is the largest hotel in Watkins, and will accommodate 250 guests. It is a first-class house, has pleasant sur- roundings, and is open from June to November. The Lake View House is an excellent hotel, situated on high ground overlooking the village of Watkins and Seneca Lake. The house is supplied with all modern conveniences, and is under capable and efficient man- agement. On the summit of Mount Watkins is an observatory, from which a view of unsurpassed beauty is obtained. At its foot lie the villagesof Watkins and Havana, and a rural landscape charming to the eye. To the north, Seneca Lake stretches away to the blue hills, which merge almost imperceptibly into the azure of the sky. The walks and drives about Watkins are very attractive. The Fall Brook House, in the village, and nearest the railroad station, is an old-established and well-kept house. The charges are reasonable. 39 SENECA LAKE STEAM NAVIGATION CO., Limited. TOURISTS POPULAR ROUTE BETWEEN "WATKI2TS GliSST, LONG POIINT (where are located the Long Point Hotel and Pavilion), GENEVA and NIAGARA FALLS. SIX TBIPS DATLT DURING THE EXCURSION SEASON. Close connections at GENEVA with N. Y. C. & H. K. and L. V. R. Rs., at WATKINS with N. C. Ry. MEALS ON STEAMERS. FREE TRANSFER OF BAGGAGE. W. B. DUNNING, Superintendent, ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. sonable, and the house, though not large, is well patronized. Stages run from the Fall Brook House to Tyrone and Ithaca daily, and tri- weekly to Monterey. Havana Glen is three miles south of Watkins. It is not so extensive as Watkins Glen, but has some views of wondrous beauty. The Bridal Veil Fall and the Curtain Cascade are perhaps among the most noted, but the tourist will find many others of almost equal beauty. The same methods of access have been adopted here as in Watkins Glen. There is a very striking difference in the character of the scenery in the two glens, and it would be hard to decide which is superior. In Watkins Glen the gorge is narrow, with jagged, uneven sides, alter- nately receding and approaching each other; the stream flows for a great part of its course in a very narrow channel, bursting here and there into rapids, cascades, and falls. Havana Glen is surrounded by walls square and even as the walls of a fortress ; the current fol- lows the peculiar lines of the strata, turning in its course at right angles, and carving out rectangular chambers and passage-ways with square corners and perpendicular sides. The stream is larger, the falls fewer, but more majestic, the pools not round, but square. Vis itors should not fail to see both of the glens. The two make pictures whose wondrous beauty will linger in the memory forever. WEST JUNCTION, Chemung Co., N. Y-, 278 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 182. This station is one mile from the village of Horseheads, a thrivin' place of about 3,000 inhabitants. A stage runs to and from the vil lage, connecting with all passenger trains. The greater part of the freight business of Horseheads is done at this station. There is a hotel at the junction, and in Horseheads there are two hotels, several churches, a large school -house, banks, etc. BIG FLATS, Chemung Co., N. Y., 284 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 176. A small station in the township of the same name, near the line of Steuben County. Considerable quantities of tobacco are raised ii> this neighborhood. 40 ST. DENIS HOTEL AND RESTAURANT, Cor. Broadway and Eleventh Street, NEW YORK. THE MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED HOTEL IN THE CITY- Being in the vicinity of all the leading Retail Stores and Principal Places of Amusement— of easy access from all the Depots and Ferries by Horse- Cars, Stage, or the Elevated Rail-Roads, Stages from Grand Central Depot pass the door. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. CORNING, Steuben Co., N. Y., 291 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 169. Corning is incorporated, and is one of the two county seats of Steuben County, Bath being the other. Its present name was given in 1852, in honor of Hon. Erastus Corning, of Albany. It is a large and rapidly growing place, and is pleasantly located. A high hill in its rear affords charming views of the surrounding scenery. The castellated building on the hill south of, and in sight from, the rail- way, is the State Arsenal. The Rochester division of the Erie Railway diverges from the main road here, and extends to Rochester. (For a description of this branch, see page 62.) The Corning and Blossburg Railway opens a communication to one of the finest beds of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania, which thus finds a ready market in Western New York. A disastrous fire destroyed a large portion of the business part of the place in 1850, but it was promptly rebuilt, and has since rapidly increased in size and importance. There is an extensive manufactory of glass, iron foundries, engine-building es tablishments, one of the finest public school buildings in the State. The Dickinson House is the leading hotel. PAINTED POST, Steuben Co., N. Y., 293 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 167. This is the oldest settlement in this part of the country, and de- rives its name from a monument said to have been erected in 1779, by the river-side, over the grave of the Indian chief Captain Montour, son of Queen Catharine. The monument erected by the companions of this brave and noted chieftain was a wooden post, upon which were painted various Indian devices. A painted wooden pole in the public square of the village preserves the tradition. There are two hotels, a public hall, bank, three churches, and a large mill for the manufacture of bark extract. Twenty million feet of lumber are manufactured here annually. The route of the Rochester Division, which has been running side by side with the main route from Corn- ing, here diverges towards the north, following the valley of Conhoc- ton River, while the main route, crossing the Conhocton near its junction with the Canisteo River, follows up the valley of the latter. These two rivers unite at Painted Post, forming the Chemung. Stages run daily to Monterey. 41 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. ADDISON, Steuben Co., N. Y., 302 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 158. An important and growing village in the township of the same name* on the north bank of the Canisteo River, at the junction of Tuscarora Creek. The original name given by the early settlers was Tuscarora; but it was changed to Addison, in honor of the English author of that name. It has six churches, a bank, and several mills and manufacturing establishments. There is an iron bridge over the Canisteo River at this place. RATHBONEVILLE, Steuben Co., N. Y., 307 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 153. Has one church, a flouring-mill, two saw-mills, and forty dwellings. The adjacent country is hilly and rugged. Stages run to Hedgesville, N. Y., on Tuesdays and Fridays. CAMERON MILLS, Steuben Co., NY., 312 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 148. A small village. Deer are found in the vicinity. There is a tri- weekly stage to Risingville, Merchantville, and Campbelltown. CAMERON, Steuben Co., N.Y., 315 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 145. A village in a deep, wild valley, frequented by sportsmen, who hunt the deer in winter. ADRIAN, Steuben Co , N. Y, 323 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 137. Formerly called Crosby ville ; contains one church and 30 dwellings. CANISTEO, Steuben Co., N. Y., 328 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 132. An incorporated village on the south side of the river, nearly half a mile from the station. There are two hotels, two churches, a large academy, extensive chair and sash factories, a large tannery, and boot and shoe manufactory. Population 2,500. There is a tri-weekly stage to Rexville, N. Y., and a daily stage for Greenwood. The valley widens soon after leaving the station. 42 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. HORNELLSVILLE, Steuben Co,N. Y., 332 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 128. THE OSBORN IS THE LEADING HOTEL IN TOWN. This place derives its name from the lion. Geo. Hornell, the for- mer proprietor of the township. It is situated at the junction of the Canisteo River and Caneadea Creek. The Canisteo River unites with the Tioga at Erwin, and with the Conhocton at Painted Post, and the combined streams form the Chemung River. There are an immense amount of side-tracks, ample engine-houses, repair-shops, and other railroad structures, as the village is the dividing-point of the Sus- quehanna and Western Divisions, and the point of junction of the Buffalo Division of the Erie Railway (for description of this branch, see p. 49). It has banks, newspapers, a flourishing library associa- tion, which maintains a course of popular lectures, and is one of the most efficient and attractive institutions of the kind in the interior of the State. There are churches of various denominations, and a pop- ulation of about 9,000. The cars destined for Buffalo, Niagara Falls, etc., are here detached from those going west via Salamanca or Dun- kirk. At the station is a spacious dining-saloon, where meals are served to travelers at regular hours. The road now leaves the valley of the Canisteo River, which it has been following up in a north- westerly direction, and bending around towards the south, up the Whitney valley, commences upon an ascending grade about fifty fee^ to a mile. ALMOND, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 337 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 123. A manufacturing village of about 700 inhabitants, in the eastern part of the township of the same name. There are three churches, three flouring-mills, and several manufactories. A fine water-power is afforded by the Karr, McHenry, and Whitney Creeks, which, uniting here, form the Caneadea Creek. ALFRED, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 341 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 119. The first-settled town in the county, contains a population of about 1,000. The place is also known as Baker's Bridge. Dairying is the principal business interest in the town, and the village has nine cheese- factories. There is a flourishing academy, two churches, several 43 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. mills, etc, A stage runs to Alfred Center three times daily. There are good hotels at Allied and at Alfred Center. No liquor licenses are granted in this town. The location is healthy. Small game abound, and trout are found in the streams. Alfred University, un- der the control of the Sabbatharian, is located here. ANDOVER, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 350 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 110. Has four churches, several mills, and 800 inhabitants. It is located on Dike Creek, a tributary of the Genesee River. The railway crosses the creek several times in descending its valley. WELLSVILLE, Alleghany Co., N. Y„ 358 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 102. This was formerly called the " Genesee Station," and is now an im- portant and rapidly growing place, at the highest part of the Genesee valley reached by the railway. Dike's and Chenunda Creeks here mite with the Genesee River. This station has attained considerable importance within a year or two, owing to the discovery of petroleum in the immediate vicinity, and a few miles southward in Alleghany county, at Richburg and Bolivar. The Erie is connected with the new oil region by the Eldred and Cuba narrow-gauge railroad. The trade of a large region of country, extending into Potter County, Pa., centers here, this being the nearest railway station, and accessible by the deep valleys of streams flowing into the Genesee. The route now changes abruptly to the north-west, following down the Geneset valley. SCIO, Alleghany Co , N. Y-, 362 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 98. Is a flourishing village of about 1,000 inhabitants. The country here is very uneven, the hills rising steep to a height of from 700 to 1,000 feet above the valleys. PHILLIPSVILLE, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 366 miles from Neiv York. From Dunkirk, 94. The name of the village and post-office adjoining is Belmont. It is one of the county seats, and contains a court-house, jail, county clerk's office, etc. It is situated at the junction of Phillip's Creek with the Genesee River, The railway crosses to the west side of the river. U ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. BELVIDERE, Alleghany Co , N. Y, 370 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 90. A village in the north-west part of Amity township, near the junc- tion of Van Carapen's Creek with the Genesee River, and about four miles above the mouth of Angelica Creek. It derives its name from the ' ' Church " mansion, the first frame building erected in the county. Stages run to Belfast, Oramel, and Caneadea daily, and to Angelica twice each day. Angelica, one of the shire towns of Alleghany County, is situated about two miles up this creek. FRIENDSHIP, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 374 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 86. This village lies between the railway and the creek. It contains four churches, an academy, a musical university, and one of the finest public halls in Western New York. The principal business of the place is cheese and butter making. Stages connect daily for Nile, Richburg, and the oil regions, Bolivar, Little Genesee, and Ceres. CUBA, Alleghany Co., N. Y., 383 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 77. This enterprising and flourishing village is near the west line of Alleghany County, and is increasing in importance owing to the Alle- ghany oil fields. It is connected with that region by the Eldred and Cuba Railroad, recently completed. The Tonawanda Valley and Cuba Railroad extends northward and joins the Buffalo Division of the Erie at Attica. Cattaraugus County, into which we pass next, s an elevated and uneven county, chiefly devoted to grazing in those r ortions where the original timber has been removed. HINSDALE, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y, 390 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 70. It is located at the junction of Ischua and Oil Creek. The route continues down Oil Creek, crossing it before it reaches its junction with the Alleghany. This is not the celebrated Oil Creek of Penn- sylvania, where the great petroleum wells are found. It derives its name, however, from the so-called Seneca oil, which was formerly collected thr/e by the Indians. 45 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. OLE AN, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y-, 395 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 65. At the junction of Oil Creek and the Alleghany River is an incor- porated village of 5,000 inhabitants and is rapidly increasing in importance. Connection is made at this point with the Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia R.R., and Olean, Bradford, and Warren R.R. Olean is one of the Largest petroleum storing places in the world. The United Pipe Line Company has uumerous iron tanks here, and it is from Olean that the crude petroleum is started on its journey to the seaboard through the iron pipes that carry it the entire distance. The business of the place is largely that of refining, shipping, and dealing in petroleum. There are upwards of 300 oil tanks here and an Oil Exchange. ALLEGHANY, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 399 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 61. A prosperous village with about 1,500 inhabitants. A Franciscan College and Convent are located in the vicinity, and St. Elizabeth's Academy, under the charge of the Sisters of the Order of St. Francis. Four miles from this station we come into the Indian Reservation, which lies along the river and extends from the Pennsylvania line 25 miles in a north-east direction, comprising 42 square miles of the finest agricultural region in the country. V AND ALIA, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 404 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 56. A hamlet on the east line of Carrolton Township. The Vandalia Chemical Works are situated here. CARROLTON, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y-, 408 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 52. This is the junction of the Bradford Branch Railway, extending up the valley of the Tunegawant Creek to the extensive oil fields of McKean Co., Pa. (see p. 80). The country in the vicinity of Carrol- ton is wild, and deer, small game, and trout abound. GREAT VALLEY, Cattaraugus Co , N. Y., 411 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 49. Th« post-office is Kill Buck, the population about 1,600. There are two hotels, several churches, and a commodious school building. 46 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. The principal business of the place is the manufacture of lumber, shooks, hubs, and spokes. The famous Rook City is about 4 miles distant. The streams in the vicinity abound with trout and other fish. Stage connection daily with Peth and Ellioottville. SALAMANCA, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 415 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 45. Population, 3,000. Situated at the junction of the Little Valley Creek with the Alle- ghany River. It is the initial point of the New York, Penn., and Ohio Railway, extending through Pennsylvania and Ohio to Cincin- nati and Cleveland (see p. 76). The railway company have here re- pair-shops, and there is an extensive tannery and lumbering estab- lishment. Much of the surrounding country is still forest, and lum- bering forms the leading pursuit. LITTLE VALLEY, Cattaraugus Co , N. Y., 421 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 39. Population, 700. The county seat was removed from Ellicottville to Little Valley, and the first courts held at the latter place in June, 1868. The court house is of brick, 56x82 feet, with slate roof, and the record offices therein are fireproof. The jail is a separate brick building adjacent, and both are supplied with spring water from a source 1| mile distant. The Cattaraugus County Fair Grounds are located here. They contain 25 acres of land with suitable buildings, and are handsomely laid out. In this township occurs a singular formation known as Rock City. It is situated upon the summit of a hill 400 feet above the valley, and 2,000 feet above tidewater. The rock, com sisting of conglomerate, is arranged in regular blocks, with sharp angles and perpendicular sides, presenting the appearance of court- yards, or squares, in the midst of numerusos treets and alleys. " The large trees which stand upon the top of the immense blocks have often sent their roots down the sides, where they are sustained by the deep soil, supporting the huge growth above upon an almost barren rock. The blocks are from 30 to 35 feet in thickness, and, standing regularly arranged, present an imposing appearance." This strange freak of Nature attracts hundreds of visitors annually. There are three hotels and three churches ; the manufacture of butter and cheese is the leading industry. Stages run daily to Napoli, East Napoli, and Randolph, on the A. and G. W. R.R. 47 ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE= CATTARAUGUS, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 428 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 32. An important village on the side hill forming the west slope of the valley of the south branch of Cattaraugus Creek. DAYTON, Cattaraugus Co,N. Y., 438 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 22. This station is 1,595 feet above the level of the sea, and 1,015 above the lake at Dunkirk. From here the grade descends all the way to the lake. The Buffalo and Southwestern Division connects, here, giving communication with Gowanda and Buffalo on the north, and Jamestown and Chautauqua Lake on the south. The best- appointed cheese factory in the county is located at this place. PERRYSBURG, Cattaraugus Co-, N. Y, 441 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 19. Quite a large manufacturing business is carried on here. Versailles, five miles north, and Gowanda, four miles east, are important villages. Stage daily for Gowanda, and for Versailles. SMITH'S MILLS, Chautauqua Co., N- Y., 448 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 12. FOREST VILLE, Chautauqua Co., N. Y, 452 miles from New York. From Dunkirk, 8. Is a place of considerable importance. It contains a population of ..bout 1,200, several mills, and manufactories, a free academy, etc. DUNKIRK, Chautauqua Co , N. Y., 460 miles from New York. Population, 7,000. Was incorporated in 1837. Its present charter was granted in 1867. It is a lake port, and the west terminus of the original line of the Erie Railway. The harbor is entirely artificial, being formed by piers and a breakwater. Extensive wharves and warehouses have been built for a large commerce. There is a large locomotive manu- factory, an extensive foundry and machine shop, planing-mills, and a large trade in lumber. The village is regularly laid out, and a street railroad connects it with Fredonia. Jit Dunkirk, connection is made with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway for all points Seuth and West. 48 O *i Q K > d > a o a CO F> O H M o f CO d H CO a c o f liPi'ii. illilii " i ii CHAUTAUQUA .ASSEMBLY. Lewis Miller, Akron, Ohio, Pres't. j P. H. Root, Buffalo, N. Y. } Ficg _ A. K. Warren, Mayville, N. Y., Sec'y. Jacob Miller, Canton, Ohio. V p ,, E. A. Skinner, Westfield, N. Y., Treas'r. | F. D. Carley, Louisville, Ky. ) crests, S. H. Vincent, D. D., Plainfield, N. J., A. K. Warren, Mayville N. Y., Stcpt. of Instruction. Supt. of Grou?ids EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. H. A. Masset, Cleveland, Ohio. H. A. Pratt, Chautauqua, N. Y. Jacob Miller, Canton, Ohio. J. C. Gifford, Westfield, N. Y. Wm. Thomas, Meadville, Pa. The now famous Chautauqua Assembly and Summer School is located at Chautau qua Lake in Western New York. It was organized in 1874, and holds annual meeting, in July and August. It is a vast educational, religious and recreative institution, to which tens of thousands resort every season; the "Original" of all the modern ■' Assemblies," and a centre of intellectual and religious influence. Chautauqua is nine miles south from Lake Erie and seven hundred and fifty (750) feet above it. It is midway between New York and Chic ago, three hours ride by rail from Buffalo, five hours from Cleveland, nine hours from Pittsburg, fourteen hours from Cincinnati, sixteen from Philadelphia, thirteen hours from Saratoga and Round Lake, eighteen from New York, nineteen from Baltimore, twenty from Washington, twenty-one from Chicago, and twenty-two hours from St. Louis. Its elevation is fourteen hundred (1,400) feet above the ocean, " the place where the perfection of water scenery and the purity of mountain air is found," with freedom from summer pests, suoh as mosquitoes, etc. The meetings at Chautauqua include the Annual Sessions of " The Chautauqua Teachers' Retreat, 1 ' "The Chautauqua School of Languages," "The Foreign Mission- ary Institute," "The Chautauqua Musical College," "The Chautauqua School of Theology," the annual session of " The Chautauqua Sunday School Assembly,]' and the various meetings connected with "The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle,'' "The Look-up Legion," and the new "Chautauqua Young Folk's Reading Union." Lectures, Concerts, Class Drills, Organ Concerts, Stereoptican Exhibitions, "The Athenian Watch Fires," Fire-works, Illuminated fountains, etc , etc., will g've variety, instruction and entertainment. The Association has erected, at great expense, many fine Public Buildings, among them a mammoth Amphitheater which as an audience room is grand and complete. In lighting their beautiful forests and public buildings with the Brush Electric Light the Association is, as heretofore, in advance in having the best of everything. Among the attractions for 1883, are "The Beautiful Fountains," illuminated by the •' Electric Light ; " " The Illuminated Fleet ; " the " C. L. S. C. Camp Fire ; " " The Class Vigil;" the second "Commencement of the C. L. S. C. ; " "The Children's Bonfire;" " The Organ Concerts ; " " The Art and Archaeological Museum ; " "The Chautauqua School of Theology;" "The Musical College:" "Elementary Singing Schools ; " and the "Musical Reading Circle." Boarding may be had at reasonable rates. Fine cottages can be rented for the season entire or by rooms, also tents of all sizes. The Lake is about 20 miles in length, and steamboats, " first-class," pass over it almost hourly, touching at all points and connecting at either end with the different railroads. The leading railroads issue excursion tickets at about half rates. There are upon the grounds offices of the American Express Company and Western Union Telegraph Company, and Telephone connections with Mayville, Westfield and J.unestown. There is also a government post-office with four daily mails. THE HOTEL ATHEN.EUM. Has been enlarged and completed, and will be continued under the management of Bolly Lewis, of Florida. It has elegant and capacious rooms, broad verandahs fronting the Lake, with a dining-room capacity of six hundred sittings. _ Five hundred guests can be accommodated at the Athenaeum. The arrangements, internal and external, ar^ c implete, and the management is first class. For information concerning the department of instruction, including the " C. L. S. C " address Dr. J. H. Vincent, Plainfield, N. J. For all other information, such as concerning routes, rents, accommodations, etc., etc., address A. K. Warren, Secretary, Mayville, N. Y. <^ks HOTEL ATHEN^IUM, CHAUTAUQUA, N. Y. ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. CHAUTAUQUA LAKE. Chautauqua Lake lies in the center of Chautauqua county, the westernmost county of the State New York. It is 1,400 feet above the sea, and 723 feet above Lake Erie, which is only eight miles away. Chautauqua Ridge, near Mayville, is the great water-shed which divides the waters of Lake Erie from those of the the Alleghany river. On one side, the waters flow to the Atlantic through the lakes and the St. Lawrence ; and on the other they find their way to the Gulf of Mexico. Nearly on this summit is Chautauqua Lake, twenty miles in length, with a depth of about ninety-five feet in the deepest part. It is fed by natural springs. The head of the lake is at Mayville, and the outlet through Conewango Creek, which flows through Jamestown. But little is known of the early history of Chautauqua Lake. The Indians named it Jucluqua (diadem of beauty). The diary of Father Bonnecamps, who accompanied the French explorer De Celoron from Lachine, Canada, to the Ohio, contains perhaps the only authentic account of its discovery by white men, on July 23, 1749. The French called it " Chatacouin." Steamboats have traversed its waters from Jamestown to Mayville since 1828. Jamestown is reached from the lake, through a winding outlet, about three miles in. length. It is scarcely wide enough for steamboats to pass, and the banks are lined with forest trees. The steamers literally brush along among the boughs at times, and remind one of the winding streams of Florida, of the Ocklawaha and the luxuriant lagoons of the South. The principal points of interest are Mayville at the north, and James- town at the south end of the lake; Point Chautauqua, Maple Springs, Bay View, Long Point, Bemus's Point, Griffith's Point and Fluvanna on the east shore. Chautauqua and Lakewood are on the west shore (see map). Chautauqua, Poiut Chautauqua, and Lakewood have the most extensive and best accommodations, each having special ad- vantages and attractions. Good board may be obtained among the farmers about the lake for from $5 to $8 per week. Chautauqua is the name of the "Assembly Grounds," brought prominently before the public through Dr. Vincent's grand concep- tion of the National Sunday School Assembly, the Chautauqua Literary Circle, etc. The original name of Fair Point has been abandoned. This place has a world-wide reputation. More than 48a ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE. 100,000 people visit it annually, and still it grows as its grand objects become understood. Here also is held the "Summer school in the woods," known as the Chautauqua Literary Circle, with branches throughout the country for special reading and self-improvement. The Chautauqua meetings are under the direction of a Board, and the work is divided into six departments, namely : 1. School of Languages; 2. Teachers' Retreat; 3. Foreign Missionary Institute; 4. Sunday School Assembly ; 5. Literary and Scientific Circle ; 6. Young Folks' Reading Union. Dr. J. H. Vincent is the Superinten- dent of instruction in all of these. The "Chautauqua idea" has become very popular within a few years. The Chautauqua Association numbers its tens of thousands in every part of the country. It not only brings the people together for a summer rest, but it also affords a school in almost every department of learning, and under the guidance of good instructors. The association owns about 80 acres of ground, most of which is covered with a native forest, in which are situated the great tabernacle and other buildings for holding meetings, the Hotel Athenaeum and some 300 handsome cottages. Point Chautauqua, situated nearly opposite Mayville and Chau- tauqua, and is on the east side of the lake. It occupies the highest ground on the lake, and the piazzas of the Grand Hotel command a very fine view of the lake. The Point Chautauqua grounds, 100 acres, are owned by a Stock Company, and controlled by a Board of Mana- gers, two-thirds of whom are Baptists. The aim of the Association is to provide a pleasant summer resort, free from all demoralizing influences. This feature should be borne in mind, because so many people have the impression that Chautauqua and Point Chautauqua are mere camp-grounds. They are more properly "Associations," formed by Methodists and Baptists mostly, for the purpose of bring- ing together a congenial class of people, with a community of interest in building up a summer resort combining health, culture, and com- fort with religious exercises. Other denominations will find a hearty welcome at both of the above-named places. Lakewood, formerly Lake View, is the Chautauqua Lake station of the N. Y. P. and O . (formerly Atlantic and Great Western) Rail- road. Quite a little settlement has sprung up here, owing to the influx of summer visitors. There are two excellent hotels here. The Kent House has four floors, with wide piazzas around each, and it 486 m.xE RAILWAY ROUTE. fronts 500 feet on the lake with a dining-room 175 feet long. The Lake View House is admirably situated in a natural grove. It has wide verandas with charming views. This house contains a large assembly-room, with a glass front toward the lake, where promenad- ing and dancing are in order. Both hotels have all the modern con- veniences, and the prices are very reasonable. Chautauqua Lake is most easily accessible from New York and all points East by the Erie Railway to Jamestown or Lake wood; from Buffalo to Jamestown over the Buffalo and Southwestern divi- sion of the Erie ; or from Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati, and points West, by lines connecting with the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, which run direct to the shores of the Lake. A num- Der of fine steamers afford quick and cheap transportation between all points of interest along the Lake. Of these the largest and best are \hose of the People's Line, which run in connection with trains of C ^rie and N. Y., P. & 0. Railways. 48c A. M. SHERMAN, Proprietor. HOUSE, JAMES TOWN, N. Y. 175 Rooms in Suites. Every Room Heated with Steam. Elevator, Hot and Cold Water. M m M -4 P a P « P § g 3'^ £ 2 g • p ^3 p f^S ■3 £ c 3 B 3 * E?3 >< 3 3 ■^ 71 CD P " rr j-3. « „ 2 • -c p-^ O CD -J B" » I g g *' 2 5 p 9 p p- g- 3 O jSlK O & 3 l " h ** nT p "^ _. p Op 2.^ jq P " • 5? s- tf * a 3 w | p- g | § • P CD (H ™ S t?i £• CO Ei CD 3 3 S- M- to -+» 5' Co Co =S <^> _ t* ., on ' « £ p. P p o o O P a c CB CD 3, o 5 1 3 p p CT3 m - o 3 CD cT 3 3 oq ^ O 3 -! rr o < 8* << O CD 8 cT n CD < Mj 3 P c 4 P ►-. CD P i-1 CD 73 < O UQ o Ef O 3 3- P < o O D 5 3- rt- S3 ^ •■< SB p c P 3 pi 3 3 ■< (KJ 3 O p i-i. en 3 3" a. p 3- 3' < p^ 31 73 ►1 P o o i-i •3 CD i-J GO O 3 o o p n CD P p 3 3 73 3 P 3 P< P^ p 2 ►^ p 73 3" CD 3 73 p 3 o 3 -n £j pi 3 o Pi P Pj 4 < CD €# P "o o »ti CD pj p HI p 4 P o e_ o o c*- M i-" M OQ OQ P e*- O o Dl p hj e-t- i-i • H O H« P o P •"*! OQ o (1) o Q * QQ g K 1 3 Kj H 1 8= Q O tf COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL, Cor. Chambers St. and West Broadway, N. Y. One of the best hotels in New York for the traveling public. Centrally locate*? and most economical in prices. This Hotel has been recently re-jiusd and is complete in all its appointments. It is centrally located, the principal City Railways pass the door, is five min* utes 1 walk of the New Jersey Central, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. Erie Rail-Roads, all Hudson River Steamboats; within fifteen minutes' ride of Giand Central Depot and Central Park by Elevated Railroad. An OLid Brothers 1 E'evator carries guests to every floor, rendering all rooms easy of access. The house contains a Barber's Shop with range of Baths, a Railroad Ticket Office where Tickets may be obtained at the same prices as at the depots, a Billiard Room, and a News Office for the sale of Daily and Weekly Papers, Periodicals, Etc, "PBICES EEDTJCED." Booms 50 cents, $1.00 per day and upwards. Booms for two, $1.50 per day and upwards, according to size and location. Family rooms at reduced rates, N. ft S. J. HUGGINS, Proprietors. First-Class RESTAURANT, at Popular Prices. » »£•: M fgi g n o *s 2 £d g-S»" CO S ,0 0> 1-1 s; o OC +1 - 0> 01 S 'P id o o CO o o ■ — » o © © 3 o 3- o EC H eg 2.0 ^ o -g 2 • CQ £a cog,? •8 $ O SB S3 5 S O* H 1,3 CD M>& or* ■ • * si ^ « S S- ET~h, Hi ^ CD 1$ -*j "* «=k Hg.2. H" H _l pjo 1 K* 332 00 M CD TO *•» o » 9 _ „ B ; " * ^S w n no ill Is A' •8 O- s § pa. « « •41 BB3 «CD si. Raven Pen. ExtraFinePolnt. School Pen. Fine Point. — Elastic. Favorite Falcon. ForGenerallise. Sapid Writer. Medium Point. Easy Action. Business Pen. Medium Elastic. Carbon Stub. ForCoarseWork. Reservoir Pen. Round Point. Easy Action. Loyal Pen. ForGeneral Use. Student's Pen. Fine Point — Elastic. jOurt Pen. Medium Point Army Pen. Fine Stub Junior Falcon. ForGeneral Use THE NEW BOOK OF WORSHIP. Songs of Christian f raise, FOR CHOIR AND CONGREGATION. Published with or without Scripture Selections for Responsive Reading. EDITED BY REV. CHARLES H. RICHARDS, D.D SONGS OF CHRISTIAN PRAISE has already been adopted by many churches throughout the country, and has been received with unqualified satisfact on. Testimonials from the Press. The New York Observer says: ''It contains everything essential to a handbook for general worship and special services. While it is attractively publi hed, it is furnished at a price which is intended to make it popular." The Interior. Chicago, 111 : '"Not burdened with lumber, it is yet large enough for all uses; choice enough to satisfy the rao.-t cultivated taste, and popular enough to lead the congregal ion." Tile Con«*"regationali*t 9 Boston, Mass.: "It has been compiled with a dis- criminating wisdom* and taste, and edited with a thoroughness which are uncommon." The Advance says: "One of the choicest, richest, and most usable hymn- books published." The Golden Rule, Boston, Mass.: "In its musical part this service-book is probably not surpassed by any other in the language." Tit .3 New York. Times: "In its mechanical arrangement the book leavea scarcely anything to be desired." . Testimonials from the Pulpit. Rev. G. Ij. Spilling, D.D., Cleveland, Ohio: " It is the best I have ever seen." Rev. C. L. Thompson, D.D., Pastor of Presbyterian Churcli, Kansas City, Mo.: "It is every way an admirable b ok, convenient in size and shai,e, rich in hymns and tunes, and fully adapted to all the demands of social and public worship." Rev. W. E. Knox, D.D., Pastor First Presbyterian Church, Elmira, N. Y.: *' Your volume of Christian Praise is very attractive. M< chanically and typographically it is the highest style of art. The hymns I like for their devotional character.'" Rev. J. K. Rankin, 1J.I>., Washington, D.C.: "The book isagrand one. Certainly the best of its kind I have ever examined." Rev. J. Hall ITIcI 1 vaine, Providence, R.T.: "After two years u-e, I regard 4 Songs of Christian Praise 1 as beyond comparison with any book that I haveever seen." Rev. J. G. Vose, D.D., Providence, R.I., says: " Our people are unanimous in its favor, and enjoy ic more and more." Rev. T. M. lTlonroe, of Akron, Ohio, says: "The book grows upon us, "and we heartily commend it." Rev* W. H. Thomas, says: "Your hymn-book has more than met our ex- pectations. It is a work of merit, and improves w ith use. It gives perfect satisfaction." Rev. Frank P. "Woodbury, D.D. , Rockford. 111., says: "Our high expectations of the popular acceptance of the book, when, after thorough examination an 1 extensive comparison, we ordered 450 copies, have been more than fulfilled. ' Rev. Samuel Conn, D.D., St. Paul, M'nn., says: "We decided upon ' Songs of Christian Praise,' after a thorough comparison with several other books. A short trial in actual worship has confirmed our favorable opinion of it." Rev. L. O. Brastow, D.D., Burlington, Vt., says: " To me personally it is exceedingly satisfactory. It give-; satisfaction to the church and congregation." Rev. Eli Corwill 1).E)., Racine, Wis., says: "The book is admirable for church service, and is the best for that purpose with whi -h I am acquainted." Returnable Copies sent free to Pastors or Church Committees desiring books for examination. A tioenty-four page pamphlet, containing specimen pages. testunonials, price lists, etc., mailed free to any address on applic tl 6,800,000.00 CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL and "SOLID AS GRANITE." POLICIES NON-FORFEITING AND INCONTESTABLE after the death of the insured. All desirable plans of Insurance, including some which are new and especially advantageous. ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. M. G. BULKELEY, President. J. C WEBSTER, Vice-President. J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary. CONNECTICUT FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, Conn. Incorporated 1850. Charter Perpetual CASH CAPITAL, CASH ASSETS, $1,000,000.00 - 2,129,741.94 Westebn Department : Pacific Department : A WILLIAMS Manas-er ROBERT DICKSON, meager. Y^ t q q WM - MACDONALD, 155 IjA J5ALLE feTREET, Assistant Manager. CHICAGO, 111. SAN FKANCISCO, Cal. SCOTT & TALBOT, Agents, 45 William St., New York. J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary, L. "W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary. CONGRESS SPRING. The Standard Mineral Water. It is a purely Natural Water, CATHAKTIC ALTERATIVE, and slightly stimulating and tonic in its effects, without producing the debility that usu- ally attends a course of medicine. It is used with marked success in affections of the Liver and Kidneys, and for Dyspepsia, Gout, Constipation and Cutaneous Diseases it is unrivaled. It is especially beneficial as a general preservative of the tone of the stomach unci purity of the blood, and a powerful preventive of Fevers and Bilious Complaints. It is of special value to Ladies, as from its great purifying properties it has good effect in clearing the skin and giving it a healthy, beautiful ap- pearance. In the morning it tones the appetite and promotes digestion. The stomach is cleansed and purified, the nervous and muscular system in- vigorated, and germs of disease thrown off. The superior excellence of Congress Water is evidenced in the happy proportion of its several ingredients, which combine to make it so efficient, an i in the absolute solution in which these pure ingredients are held when BOTTLED, making it, without doubt, one of the best and safest saline cathartic waters ever discovered either in this country or Europe. As a cathartic water its almost entire freedom from iron should recom- mend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their usefulness. CAUTIONARY SIGNAL. All mineral waters strongly impregnated with iron, when drank with freedom (especially when fasting), while injurious to all, are to persons of certain constitution and temperament posi- tively dangerous, owing to the powerful action of the iron in combination with the carbonic acid gas, which tends to accelerate the action of the heart and cause powerful pressure on the brain; thereby producing those results that so often fatally follow the cause. The above caution is necessary, the real amount of iron not being fully put forth in the analysis of several mineral spring waters. ■8®= For sale (in Bottles only) by all leading Druggists, Grocers, Wine Merchants and Hotels. Address, CONGRESS SPRING CO., SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT. DAY LINE STEAMERS "NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY," Leave New York, Vestry St., Pier 39, N. R. (adjoining Jersey City Ferry), 8.40 a. m., and foot 22d St., N. R., 9 a. m., landing at Yonkers, West Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Catskill and Hudson. Returning, leave Albany, 8.30 a. m., from foot of Hamilton St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p. m. CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES 5 TO THE RESORTS OF THE C&TSKILLS. CONNECTIONS. BROOKLYN- Annex leaves Fulton Street at 8.00 a. m. Leaves Vestry Street Pier on arrival of down boat. WEST POINT— With Stages for Cranston's and West Point Hotels, and with down boat at 2.50. NEWBURGH —With down boat at 2.15. RHINE BECK— With Ferry for Rondout, and Ulster & Delaware R. R. for Catskill Mountain Resorts, and Wallkill Valley R. R. for Lake Mohonk. CATSKILL— With Catskill Mountain R. R. HUDSON— With Boston and Albany R. R , for Chatham, Pittsfield, North Adams, Lebanon Springs, etc. ALBANY— With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Watertown, Thousand Islands and Western Points. Special trains to and from Saratoga. Through tickets sold to all points. DINING SALOON ON THE MAIN DECK. Meals served on the European Plan. MUSIC THROUGHOUT THE TRIP. %m~ TRIP TICKETS from New York to West Point or Newburgh returning same day. 1794. 1887. HARTFORD Fire Insurance Co. OF HARTFORD, CONN. STATEMENT JANUARY 1, 1887. Cash Capital, - - - $1,250,000 00 Reserve for Re-Insurance (legal standard), - 1,764,932 23 Outstanding Claims, - - - 251,027 48 Policy Holders' Surplus, - - - 3,039,986 74 Net Surplus over Capital and All Liabilities, 1,789,986 74 Total Assets, $5,055,946 45 Net Premiums received during the year, - $2,350,37159 Total Income received during the year, - - 2,561,066 97 Increase in Assets, - - - 310,604 53 Increase in Net Surplus, - - - 346,627 53 GEO. L. CHASE, President. P. C. ROYCE, Secretary. THOMAS -TURNBULL, Ass H Secretary. WESTERN DEPARTMENT. G. F. BISSELL, ..... General Agent. P. P. HEYWOOD, - - - Assistant General Agent. CHICAGO, ILL. PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. BELDEN & COFRON, ----- Managers. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BRANCH OFFICE. 158 BROADWAY, - NEW YORK. GEORGE M. COIT, Agent. THE N. Y. TRIBUNE MAKES A SPECIALTY OF SUMMER RESORT NEWS. The Paper will be sent to any address for 75 CENTS A MONTH. The Tribune is delivered every Sunday at nearly all the Northern Summer Resorts by SPECIAL FAST TRAIN, Run solely to carry Newspapers. THE TRIBUNE LEADS all the New York papers in enterprise and interest, and DOES NOT DEPEND ON SENSATION AND TRASH FOR CIRCULATION. 75 Cents a Month, or $8.50 a Year. TOURISTS' IDEAL ROUTE, NIAGARA TO THE SEA. EOME, WATERTOWN & OGDENSBURG I R. Great Highway and Favorite Route for Fashionable Pleasure Travel. Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 1887. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1887. WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. MEW YORK AND PAUL SMITH'S, 15 Hours. NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 11 Hours. NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9M Hours. NIAGARA FALLS AND PORTLAND, MAINE, 24 Hours. Yia Norwood, Fabyans, Crawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. WAGNER PALACE DRAWING-ROOM CARS. NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. ALBANY AND CLAYTON. UTICA AND CLAYTON. Direct and immediate connections are made at Clayton with powerful steamers for Alexandria Bay and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. & Ont. Nav. Co. Steamers for Montreal, Quebec and River Saguenay, passing all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by day- light. For tickets, time-tables and further information apply to nearest ticket agent or correspond with General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. A beautiful book of 150 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 3U0 Combination Summer Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun- tains, to Portland, Kennebunk, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It is the best book given away. Send ten cents postage to General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. , fcr a copy before deciding upon your summer trip. THEO. BUTTERFIELD, H. M. BRITTON, GenU Passenger Agent, Gen'l Manager. Qswego, N. Y* Saratoga Kissingen Spring Natural Mineral Water. Unsurpassed as en aperient, diuretic and alterative. Highly effer- vescent, and unexcelled as a Table Water. Very efficaciouc in its action upon the stomach, liver and kidneys, and is a great aid to digestion. THE SARATOGA KISSINGEN has more fixed gas than any other Natural Mineral Spring Water in this country. It is, therefore, the most marketable, as it retains all its qualities after bottling, and without regard to climate. DIRECTIONS. As an Aperient — Drink before breakfast one pint, at a moderate temperature. As a Diuretic — Take in smaller quantities frequently during the day. For Indigestion — Take one glassful just before or after meals. For sale in cases of four dozen pints, or two dozen quarts, and to the trade, for draught purposes, in block-tin-lined barrels. All orders should be addressed to SARATOGA KISSINGEN COMPANY, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Or, No. 11 West 27th Street, New York City. SARATOGA OFFICE, No. 3 GRAND UNION BLOCK. PEOPLE'S EVENING LINE BETWEEN NEW YORK AND ALBANY. During the Season of Navigation, the Steamers DREW or DEAN RICHMOND, Capt S. J. ROE. Capt THOS. POST, WILL LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBAJTY, Daily, Sundays excepted, at 6 P. M., from Pier 41 (Old No.) North Eiver, Foot of Canal Street. Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAM- PLAIN, the ADIRONDACK^ and Summer Resorts of the NORTH, EAST AND WEST. Saratoga Office, 369 Broadway. LEAVE ALBANY. Every week-day at 8 P.M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST, connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on the European Plan. FOR TICKETS IN NE^W YORK Apply at Company's Office (Pier 41 North River); and at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices in New York, and on board the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout the country. Tickets sold and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. & H. R R , N. Y. & W. S., D. & H. C. Co., Fitchburg, Cent'l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C. Rail- roads, etc. W. W. EVERETT, President. J. H. ALLAIRE, Gen'l T. Agent. M. B. WATERS, • Gen J 'ass Agent. WASHINGTON, D. C. This old-established and chosen rendezvous and favorite abiding- place of the most famous men aDd women of America has, under the present management, been thoroughly renovated at an expense of over $100,000, and is now pronounced as the model Hotel in regard to luxurious apartments, cuisine, service and system for heat- ing and ventilation. The "Willaed" is located within a stone's-throw of the Execu- tive Mansion, Treasury, War, Navy and State Departments, the De- partment of Justice, Corcoran Art Gallery, and other numerous points of interest, and can justly be called the most convenient Hotel for tourists and other travelers in Washington City. 0. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. Formerly of the Thousand Island House. DRINK THE GENUINE EXCELSIOR WATER OF SARATOGA. CURES DYSPEPSIA, HEADACHES, CONSTIPATION, ETC. Sold on Draught and in Bottles by First-class Druggists and Hotels. The Genuine EXCELSIOR WATER is sold on Draught only through the Trade Mark. Ask your druggist for it, and he sure you get the " EXCELSIOR" drawn through the Trade Mark as shown in the annexed sketch. Avoid Artificial and Recharged Waters. TRADE MARK The " Excelsior " Water is unequalled as a cathartic and diuretic, and is used with great success in treating diseases of the Liver and Kidneys. See below letters from two of our best known medical men. From Forriyce Barker, 31. D., of New York. I make great use of the various mineral waters in my practice, and I regard the "Excelsior" Spring Water of Saratoga as the best saline and alkaline laxative of this class. Sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gas, it is to most persons very agreeable to the taste, and prompt in action as a gentle Diuretic and Cathartic. FORDYCE BARKER, M. D. From Alfred L. Loomis, M. D. , of New York. During my whole professional life I have been accustomed to use freely the Water of Congress and Empire Springs. About six months since, accidentally, I was furnished with a few bottles of the "Excelsior" spring Water, and found it so much more agreeable to the taste and pleasant in its effects than either Congress or Empire Water, that I have since used it myself, and recommend it to patients requiring a gentle Cathartic and Diuretic. A. L. LOOMIS, M. D. THE BOTTLED "EXCELSIOR" WATER is unexcelled, and retains all its properties unim- paired for years. Address FRANK W LAWRENCE, Proprietor Excelsior and Union Springs, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, Saratoga Springs, N, T. POPULAR SUMMER RESORT. Open all the year. Receives patients or boarders, permanent or transient. Location central, quiet, shady and within three minutes' walk of the large hotels, principal springs, Congress Park, and other sources of attraction. Fine Lawn Tennis and Croquet Grounds. Desirable rooms, extensive piazzas, ample grounds. Table and appointments First-Class. Heated by steam. The bath department is complete and elegant, affording Turk- ish, Russian, Roman and Electro-thermal Baths. Genial, cultured society and a pleasant home are always found here. It is the f esort of many eminent persons for rest and recreation Among its patrons and rpferences areRev. Thko. L. Cutler, D D. (Brooklyn); Rev. Chas. F. Deems, D. D. (N. Y ); Rev. R. D.Habpeb.D. D. (Philadelphia); Rev. C. C "Chaplain" McCabe (Chicago); Rev. Dr. Jno. Potts (Ottawa); Bishops Foss and Habeis; Hon. F. C. Sessions (Columbus. O); J. M. Phillips (M. E. Book Concern, N. ¥.); Jas. McCeeeby (N. Y.j; Ex-Gov. Wells (Va.): Presidents McCosh (Princeton), Hitch- cock (Union Theol. Sem.), Wabben (Boston Univ.); Judges Reynolds (Brooklyn), Deake (Washington), Hand (Penn ). Bliss (Mo): Med. Profs. Ross (Chicago), Xnapp, lH. Y,), Fobd (Ann Arbor), and many others equally known. During the entire year the Institute is made specially attractive to its guests by frequent entertainments of varied character. There is no appearance of invalidism. The remedial and hotel interests in no way interfere, patients receiving at all times every care and attention. The proprietors are "regular" physicians, graduates of the Medical Department, University of the City of New York. The Institute is the largest and best in Saratoga, and one of the most complete in its appointments in the country, and is endorsed and largely patronized by the medical profession. Besides the ordinary remedial agents available in general practice, such special appliances are used as Massage, Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, Hydro- pathic Baths; Galvanic and Faradic Electricity, Pneumatic Cabinet, Vacuum Treat- ment, Movement Cure, Compressed Air, Oxygen and Medicated Inhalations, Health Lift, Calisthenics, and the Mineral Waters. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. SARATOGA GEYSER WATER! "Applicable to a Greater Number of Persons than any other Water at Saratoga." FOB DYSPEPSIA it is unrivalled. It contains more Soda and Magnesia combined than any other Saratoga water. FOB KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dispute, excels all other waters. It contains a much larger quantity of Lithia than any of the so-called Lithia waters. AS A CATHABTIC, when taken rather warm before breakfast, it is mild yet thorough. It is not a harsh water. BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. Ask for SARATOGA Geyser. For Sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, cor. Broadway and Congress Sts., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. ADDRESS, GEYSER SPRING CO., Saratoga Springs, N.Y. THE INDEPENDENT. " One of the ablest weeklies in existence."— /^// Mall Gazette, London, England. "The most influential religions organ in the States."— The Specta- tor, London, England. "Clearly stands in the fore-front as a weekly religious maga- zine." — Sunday-School Times, Philadelphia. It is a Newspaper, Magazine and Review all in one. It is a religious, a literary, an educational, a story, an art, a scientific, an agricultural, a financial and a political paper combined. It has thirty-two folio pages and twenty-two departments. PROMINENT FEATURES ARE: Religions and Theological Articles : Social and Political Articles; Articles of Description and Travel; Weekly Literary Articles ; Poems and Stories, No one who has ever read a copy of THE INDEPENDENT will say that it is second to any other weekly journal, 111 the quantity and quality of its contents; li3 the variety and interest of its ample pages; In the volume and character of information it gives; in- the diversity and ability of its corps of writers; 111 the purity and vigor of its literary tone; in the candor and clearness of its opinions; or 111 the strength and constancy with which it strikes for all that is true and noble in family, social, national and religious life. TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS. Three Months, - $0 75 One Year, - $3 00 Four Months, - 1 00 Two Years, 5 00 Six Months, - 1 50 Five Years. - 10 00 Can anyone make a better investment of $2.00 to $3.00 than one which will pay 52 Dividends During the Year? A good way to make the acquaintance of The Independent is to send 30 cents for a " Trial Trip'" 1 of a month. Spfcimen Copies Free. THE INDEPENDENT, P. 0. Box 2/87. 251 Broadway, N. Y. TIBIIE ^IR/LHSTO-TOIIsI . WASHINGTON, D. C. T. E. ROESSLE, - - Proprietor. DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. Y., T. E. ROESSLE & SON, Proprietors. WM. H. McCULLY, DESIGHSTERand ENGRAVER, 318 Broadway, New York. Views of Buildings, Machinery; Portraits, Newspaper and Advertis- ing Cuts of every description. ILLUSTEATIONS MADE FEOM PHOTOGKAPHS. All work done in the cheapest, neatest and best possible manner. TAINTOR'S NEW YORK CITY GUIDE. City of New York. — Containing descriptions of and directions for visiting the Public Buildings, etc., with numerous illustrations. A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a map of New York. Price 25 cents, by mail. Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 18 and 20 Astor Place, New York. THE DOCTOR A UNIQUE PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO PHYSICIANS. Published on the 1st and 16th of Each Month. — by — CHARLES AVERY WELLES, No. 20 Astor Place, New York City. Single Copies, 10c. Subscription Per Year, $2.00. It is the gossip companion of the physician, and can be read with under- standing, interest and profit by the doctor's unprofessional friends. A series of articles upon the healthfulness of summer resorts is now appearing in The Doctor. THE UNEXCELLED UNQUESTIONABLY UNEQUALLED. UNIVERSALLY USED. The Four Largest, Finest, Most Novel and Best Managed Displays of FIBBWOBKS EVEE PEODUCED WEEE THOSE AT The Centennial at Newburgh, N. Y., October 18, 1883. The Presidential Inauguration at Washington, D. C, March 4, 1885. The Bi-Centennial at Albany, N. Y., July 22, 1886, and The Unveiling of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty, at the City of New York, on November 1, 1886. THEY WEEE MANUFACTUEED AND FIRED BY THE UNEXCELLED FIREWORKS CO., (Incorporated 1874.) O em.c3L 11 Paris. Place, 3>J"©x*7- Yorlx.. Largest Manufacturers. Only Importers. Leading and Most Keliable House in FIREWORKS, FLAGS, LANTERNS, BALLOONS and DECORATION GOODS. "Western House, 519 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. Send for Illustrated Catalogue — Feee. SARATOGA VICHY WATER, Most Delicious of Saratoga Waters. IT CORRECTS ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, ASSISTS DIGESTION AND REGU- LATES THE KIDNEYS. A FINE TABLE WATER, It Mixes Well with Syrup, Wines or Milk. BEWARE OF ARTIFICIAL VICHYST THE SARATOGA VICHY is a Pure, Natural Water ; all * other Vichy drawn from fountains is manufactured. Ask your Druggist or Grocer for the Saratoga Vichy, or address, SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. so 03 P3 <3 (^ CD •1 ^ £ -s JO >s — co 3" O 0> ST 0) a 03 CO CO CD CO 03 •"S 03 D 03 M P- o CD -s 03 O CD O 2D a CD i 03 CD *0 ~ cd rs (0 H— • D CQ o W oT CD 03 ID 3 a CO O O 03 »-h CDn 3 a r c o o o 3 CD < •— <• CO o o 3 CO 03 ■ft 6 o 13 CD a 03 03 P. THE New York n u E ER. The Oldest and Best Family Paper in the World. IT HAS ALL THE NEWS: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LETTERS LITERARY, BUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL, HOUSEHOLD, CHILDREN'S AND TEACHERS' DEPARTMENTS. Vigorous treatment of current topics ; Opinions worth having; There is no other paper like it. Send for a sample copy free. ADVERTISERS EIND IT A SURE MEDIUM TO REACH CUSTOMERS. Address NEW YORK OBSERVER, NEW YORK. C. W. MOULTON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. QUERIES A Monthly Review of Literary Art, Scientific and General Educational Questions of the Day. ILLUSTRATED. One Dollar Per Annum. Single Copies Ten Cents. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS. FIRST SERIES. 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H., B. & L.. R. R. 48 Miles from Boston. Open Jnly to November, C. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, of the Brunswick, Proprietors. o 03 3 o pi?.. 303 PI m° - - 3 GO O (A o 3 •sjowidojj '^oiJttsunia atfl jo 'HaTHNiKI # S3Kava -JaS^uBjv: 'KOSVariO "V "0 •.i»qTU»A.o^f oj X[nf» moaj uado 'iio^sog uio.ij s»jxj4[ gf, '-5J -a -rj jp -g «.jj .^ 'uoi jtjis jsaaiiiuv 'ssaapp* tidu-iS -ai»Ji P«"B »»WO ?so«i 'n -jfi 'sSnijds P-iojiut — HVJNiaHIOcI 13XOH BOSTON CONGREGATIONALIST. While the " Congregationalist" stands as the representative of conservative Congregationalism, it is thoroughly awake to the demands of the times, and liberal and progressive in all that is in the interests of religion, morality, and the public welfare gen- erally. 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