MEMORIALS TO RpOSEVELT --s^UC&fc^- He was my friend, and the friend of fill humanity. He opened my eyes, and put hope in my heart, as no other living man had ever done before. Being an ignorant man — without even a common school education — / sought only for truth, and, by heaven, I found it in him. A (Contributor in Colorado. MEMORIALS TO ROOSEVELT A BOOK OF SUGGESTIONS "One flag, the oAmerican flag; one language, the language of the Declaration of Independence ; one loyalty, loyalty to the ^American people" ROOSEVELT PERMANENT MEMORIAL NATIONAL COMMITTEE WILLIAM BOVCE THOMPSON, Chairman One Madison Avenue New York E 7*1 •7V Copyright, 1919 by ROOSEVELT PERMANENT MEMORIAL NATIONAL COMMITTEE ©CI.A5L2743 Cover Design by C. B. Falls Frontispiece by Franklin Booth, rtprintea by courtesy of Collier* i Weekly MAR 24 1919 The Roosevelt Memorial The Roosevelt Memorial {A Plea for Beauty) How shall we spread like wings across the land The shadow of your gracious memory, Which is not shadow indeed, but morning cloud, Shot through with radiance of the coming day? How shall we send that flame upon its way, That through the changes of the time to be All men may understand? How shall we grave your dear immortal name So high on all the doorways of the world That every heart in all the passing throng Shall tremble with the impulse of a song? We shall not let you die ! Your word shall be Re-vitalized beyond forgetfulness ; Gifted anew with power to bless, Year after year the same. Your heart was greater than its best desire; And all the hearts of men were warmed to life By that unfailing fire. Knight and crusader every day and hour, What shall make clear the sources of your power? What cunningly fair memorial shall we bring To make your memory sing, Your thought to rise and flower with every Spring? There is one warder by the gates of time, One bloom, that knows an immemorial prime. Good gifts shall fall away, And noblest uses reach their final day; No knowledge we may teach shall stand forever. There is in all the world one priceless thing, 4 The Roosevelt M e m o r i a I One elemental joy, That time itself is helpless to destroy ; One flower of all earth's tombs ; one altar light That burns from day to day, from night to night ; And that one flame is Beauty — One delight That perishes never. Supreme through all her changes, Beauty stands, Guarding our great remembrances. With her No holy dream shall die. And if dark hands Fling her dear works to ruin, still her soul Shall give the ruin life, — and years shall roll In splendor over it; and men shall see Therein a deeper glory and mystery. In France, before her loveliest ruined shrine, The Maid still rides — on those mad ravishers Undying Beauty looks with scorn divine. The victory still is hers. Far in the tranquil East, the Taj Mahal Lies like a carven lily on the green, Keeping alive a dream of that poor queen, Snatched from oblivion as the centuries fall. And in the New World, after groping years, Beauty at last makes jewels of our tears ; And for our mightiest we have raised to view Her lordly temples. Clear against the blue, A white shaft rises, lofty and austere, Pure symbol of the soul of Washington ; And Lincoln shall be shrined in majesty. Thus far we have wrought, that ages might be won. Like these, you have no need Of the white fire of sculpture, for your fame; Yet it is fitting that your golden name Should be thus linked with Beauty. ; T h e Roosevelt Memorial 5 Then he your monument in loveliest guise, Oh, soul of grace and fire! And let a storm of music fall and rise, Voicing the passion of our lost desire, Transfixed in white enduring harmony Long as the world shall be. Build we our homes of welfare in your name; Be the earth's highways yours. But high above, Beauty herself must lift her torch of flame. Your true memorial must be wrought Only by those Whose tender and unerring skill is brought Straight from the Heart that fashioned the red rose. So, they who fare upon the crowded ways, All through the coming days, Shall see, and know your thought, your work, your love, And waken to your praise. Marion Couthouy Smith. Foreword Foreword npWENTY-FOUR HOURS had not elapsed after the **■ passing of Theodore Roosevelt out of the company of the millions who had loved and followed him, before letters began to flow into newspaper offices all over the country, calling for a memorial. Suggestions countless in number and widely varying in character came from the great American's friends of high and low estate. They called for statues, for parks, for museums, for community houses, for hospitals; most of all they called emphatically for some foundation, vaguely dis- cerned, that would carry on into the lives of generations to come the splendid spirit that had lighted and warmed the lives of Theodore Roosevelt's contemporaries. When the Roosevelt Permanent Memorial National Com- mittee, appointed by Chairman Will H. Hays under a resolu- tion of the Republican National Committee, began its work with a public call for further proposals, the reply was prompt and generous. The most interesting of these projects, together with a number that first appeared in the New York Tribune and other newspapers, have been collected in this volume for the information of those to whom the question of a memorial to Theodore Roosevelt is a matter of deep, personal interest — the members of the Memorial Committee, first of all, since on them rests the responsibility of deciding what form the people's memorial to its beloved leader shall take. For them mainly this volume has been prepared and to them it is submitted, in no sense as an index of possible memorials but ° Foreword rather as a spur to the imagination, a signpost pointing toward high places only partially explored. Roosevelt Permanent Memorial National Committee, William Boycc Thompson, Chairman. One Madison Avenue, New York City, March 1, 1919. Tabic of Contents Table of Contents 1. Americanization 11 2. Conservation of Wild Life 21 3. A Seaside Park at Ouster Bay 23 4. A Cemetery in France 24 5. General Educational Projects 26 6. Agricultural Endowment Fund 34 7. Monuments 36 8. Newspapers 47 9. Homes for Children 49 10. Hospitals 50 1 1 . Museums 52 12. Clubs 54 13. Highways, Parks «S: Cities 56 1 4. Trees 61 15. A National Holiday 62 Americanization I. American ization A home for instruction in Americanism in each center of our community. Allen G. Newman. A Roosevelt School of Politics to train young men and women for positions of public trust and at the same time carry on the work to which Theodore Roosevelt devoted his own life: the teaching of Americanism and the fundamental prin- ciples of democracy. Mabel M. Stevens. A school for the propagation of Roosevelt Americanism and the inculcation of the principles of patriotism and of good and useful citizenship to help our people and those from over the seas who may become a part of U3 to live the life that he lived and advocated, and follow in the path of civic righteousness blazed by him. David H. Knott, Sheriff New York County. An Order of Better Americans for the Americanization of our foreign element, either present or future. This not through costly colleges, but in simple neighborhood classrooms, where the first essential would be the teaching of our language. After that, a lucid grounding in our elementary laws, followed by suffrage lore and the whole duty of citizens. M. M. W. 12 Americanization A national educational movement for Americanization: to promote and maintain evening schools in every city, town, vil- lage and hamlet in the United States wherever there are aliens, hyphenated Americans or half-baked Americans. These schools should be held in connection with public schools, private schools, patriotic societies and churches and should have the backing of the government. Attendance should be obligator}' on all foreigners and should be a requisite for naturalization. Rev. Stefano L. Testa. The suggestion has been made that a fund be raised for the erection and endowment of a college or a department in some existing college for instruction in those special branches deemed necessary for an efficient preparation for public service, includ- ing those ethical ideals on which Theodore Roosevelt laid such stress, both by his words and his deeds, in his public life. If this could be done in such a way as not only to memorialize Theodore Roosevelt, but to reproduce the influence of his life and character, it would seem to be the kind of memorial which would most appeal to him. Lyman Abbott, Editor of the Outlook. A fund of not less than five or ten million dollars to be used as the basis for a "foundation," organized along lines somewhat similar to those upon which the Rockefeller Foundation is organized, the income from the fund, or foundation, to be used for the carrying on of work calculated to Americanize citizens of foreign birth. Such work would undoubtedly include large educational plans, scholarships, etc., and would probably also take account of, and attempt to remedy, unfortunate housing conditions amongst our foreign-born poor. Dr. Julia Ross Low. Julian Street. 7 w e r i c anizati o n Unite two movements already having wide popular support — universal training and Americanization (both of which Colonel Roosevelt endorsed) — under a legal requirement that prelimi- nary to and as a condition of the right of suffrage, every boy and girl must obtain a civil degree, to be called the Roosevelt Degree of Citizenship ; this degree to cover a reasonable amount of knowledge of history and civics in addition to a period of military training for the boy, and home economics, first aid, etc., for the girl. Such a memorial would be not only of national but of international benefit in its ultimate results, would settle forever the question of the illiterate voter who has been the handy tool of our unprincipled politicians, and would debar those who were not willing to take this degree as a preparation for the protection of our institutions from having any voice in the government. Mary Breese Sharpe. A Roosevelt Americanization Society, this society to obtain funds through popular subscription, the money thus secured to be spent on the real Americanization of foreigners in America ; furthering their education in English and adding to their knowledge of American ways of living and American ideals. The proposed training should be given by sensible and under- standing Americans of the Roosevelt type — people who would be friendly and honest and real. In connection with this scheme there might be a large confer- ence building erected in New York, Washington or Chicago where there could be at stated times American congresses in which immigrants would have a voice and where they might explain their difficulties and needs. M. P. Flack. The question of assimilating our younger population is without doubt one of the most pressing of all our problems. 14 Americanization It is my conviction that this is the time for radical action, and in this conviction I present the following plan: First, that Congress appropriate a suitable fund which shall be distributed through the Department of the Interior and the numerous colleges and universities in the form of scholarships. Second, that these scholarships shall be accorded to properly qualified young men and women of foreign birth or foreign blood who desire a college education, and that each scholarship shall be sufficient to provide tuition and living expenses for the designated student. Third, that no more than a stated maximum number of students shall be assigned to any one institution, and that no institution shall be listed as a beneficiary of these scholarships which is located in a town of more than twenty-five thousand inhabitants, and that this appropriation shall be a part of the Roosevelt Memorial, and shall be known as "The Roosevelt Memorial National Scholarship Fund." The object of these scholarships is to take from the crowded foreign populated centers of our eastern cities representatives of the young men and women of Russian, Polish, Jewish, or other alien parentage who desire to become Americans, and who would find the life of a university in the Middle West an inspiration to a truer and more understanding patriotism. Max E. Ravage. Colonel Roosevelt himself would wish any memorial of him to be not merely a record of work accomplished, but something which would tend to continue his work although he himself is absent. If there is any one specific idea which stands out pre- eminently from all his work and writings it would be service to his country and his fellow-citizens and loyalty to the gov- ernment which he served. We all are familiar with his opinion of hyphenated Americanism, and we all know that his Americanization 15 one desire was to make this country a unified, loyal, patriotic nation. My suggestion therefore would be that at least some attention of the Committee should be given towards the educa- tion of foreign-born residents in the ideals and standards of Americanism; not only instruction in the English language, but instruction in the fundamental principles which we like to think are pre-eminently American. Of course, any work so undertaken should be absolutely free from any suspicion of political or sectarian prejudice. Such of his writings as were purely controversial and affecting issues which have either been settled or which do not affect the soul of the nation should be eliminated. But his views of Americanism and the spiritual and material advancement of the country should be kept alive and instilled in all people, whether foreign-born or native. I think that an organization could be planned which would co-operate with existing educational and philanthropic organizations throughout the United States, and which, al- though costing very little money, could enlist the co-operation of all the master minds of the country who knew and admired the Colonel. Regis H. Post, Governor of Porto Rico, 1907-1909. (1) A Roosevelt Training School of Patriotism (or of Citizenship) to be established in or near some central city, north of the hot belt of Washington, south of the cold belt of which the axis is Albany — that is in the best climatic working conditions. The object of the institution to be the training of teachers of government and politics from grade teachers up to college professors. The reason for putting this project forward is that the manifest defect in all efforts to Americanize the adult population and to nationalize the children in the schools is the terrible lack of teachers trained for that job. The schools in general are eager for such instruction; they will provide 16 Americanization the school time, space, apparatus and reading matter. They need skilled direction. Such an institution would not rival any of the present colleges or normal schools. Presumably students or graduates from other institutions would come there for special training. If the buildings were limited, as they might perfectly well be, to the lecture halls and libraries, a large part of the fund could become an endowment for salaries and fellowships. (2) The second suggestion is that a system of Roosevelt International Fellowships be founded. This requires little in the way of overhead expense, and almost nothing for premises. The purpose should be to give promising young men and women the opportunity of a year (possibly two years) to spend in an educational journey around the world, with a stipend sufficient for the necessary expense (say $1,200 to $1,500 per year, $2,500 for two years). It should be the duty of these children students to make themselves familiar with the condi- tions, the spirit and the government of the countries through which they went. There might very well be agencies of the institution in the various capitals of the world, who should give aid and advice. The whole thing is to make Americans stronger and more vigorous, because of their touch with and knowledge of the institutions of the rest of the world. The whole thing should be entirely disconnected from any propa- ganda for peace or international welfare. Roosevelt was a conspicuous traveler, who came home more American then he went away. That is what ought to be expected from these young people. Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor of Government, Harvard University. A Roosevelt American Foundation, with a perpetual board of trustees to be made up of men and women of the most sterling and unadulterated Americanism of the Roosevelt type. Americanization Under the control of this Central Foundation, establish in all the principal cities, especially among the foreign population and the factory workers, Roosevelt Houses for the people, to be open day and evening, in which shall be schools, libraries, gymnasiums, lecture halls, and museums for the teaching of Americanism, the American language, biography of great Americans, business ideals and methods, natural sciences, physical culture and health, and the great opportunities for self-advancement by the methods employed by Theodore Roosevelt himself. These Roosevelt Houses, to succeed, must be kept wholly free from any atmosphere of exclusiveness or highbrowism. They must be as genial, hearty, whole-souled, and friendly as Roosevelt was himself, but they must be kept rigidly, and faithfully true to the genuine spirit of Roosevelt, and by no possible neglect or mismanagement be allowed to drift into the control of other influences. At all times, and forever, their management and organization of workers would be under The Roosevelt American Foundation. Through these Roosevelt Houses, scattered in the great centers of population, among the foreigners and newly made citizens, and even in places where native born citizens have not had the full advantages necessary to make them 100 per cent Americans, the rapidly spreading diseases of Bolshevism and anarchy would be combated and checked. In these Roosevelt Houses would be the pure wells of the living water of American- ism for the health of the Nation. In them also would burn, unquenched, the flaming torch of the truth and loyalty which Theodore Roosevelt left to us to keep. In them the One Flag he loved supremely would be planted in the hearts of hundreds of thousands of new citizens as the flag of their undivided allegiance ; and out of these Roosevelt Houses — the real melting pots of the Nation — would be coming, year after year, countless loyal American citizens ready to defend that flag with their lives. Eugene Thwing. 18 Americanization "The New York Children's Aid Society enthusiastically endorses Mr. Thwing's proposal as printed in the New York 'Times' and will be glad to co-operate with the Roosevelt Memorial Committee and if desired we shall be willing to assume the task of managing these Roosevelt Houses under the supervision of the Foundation. We believe its achievements show that the Children's Aid Society is better fitted to maintain the genial, whole-souled, friendly, non-sectarian, non-racial spirit of Theodore Roosevelt than any other body of experts in social welfare work." The Children's Aid Society, C. Loring Brace. Secretary. 1. A memorial building or group of buildings representing the various states, situated in the neighborhood of New York, for a. An educational institution, having as its main ob- jective the teaching of citizenship. b. A co-ordinating force for all national organizations dealing with youth ; provisions to be made for a convention hall, conference rooms, a House and Senate Chamber, etc. 2. A Roosevelt Foundation to further the cause of Ameri- canism : a. Scholarships for representatives from both the school and from industry, ages to include from 15 to 18 years ; the number from each state to correspond to the number of Senators and representatives at Washington, representing their respective states. Scholarship plans to be worked out on the Cecil Rhodes plan. b. An endowment for the furtherance of these ideals through existing agencies having to do with the promulgation of high ideals of character and Americanization citizenship. This might mean the training oi teachers to teach this in the schools. 3. To carry out the above would take a fund of at least 10 to 15 millions. J. A. Van Dis, International Y. M. C. A. The purpose of any memorial to Colonel Roosevelt should be to perpetuate in American public life the ideals and prin- ciples of Theodore Roosevelt and to carry to fruition his life- long struggle for sound Americanism and intelligent citizen- ship. The following means to attain this are proposed : 1. Roosevelt Scholarships as suggested by Max Ravage, in the New York "Times," to be awarded to promising young men and women of foreign parents living in any of the great cities of the country; these scholarships to provide from three to four years' education in some typical American college situated between the Alleghanies and the Rockies, in towns of not more than 25,000 inhabitants, by means of an annual loan of not more than $750.00, to be augmented by special grants of the college to which the student may be assigned, such as free lodging and free tuition. For these scholarships a fund of $5,000,000.00 should be collected. The income would at the start provide for over 60 students at a time, and later, when the loans began to be repaid, for many more. There should be an arrangement by which holders of scholarships who did not show continued promise of real achievement might be eliminated in favor of others who did. 2. Roosevelt Foundation for the teaching of Americanism and citizenship. Professorships to be created in forty of the leading American universities for the training of teachers of Americanism and citizenship in those colleges among which the holders of scholarships were to be distributed, as well as in 20 Americanization normal and secondary schools. A fund of $5,000,000.00 to be devoted to this Foundation. The income would provide forty professorships at the present maximum university salary. 3. Supervisory and Auxiliary Organization, to be known as "The Roosevelt League for Straight Americanism." A nation- wide organization with state and local branches, under the direction of a National Board of Governors, consisting of the forty or fifty men who were closest to Colonel Roosevelt in life; and State Executive Committees consisting of loyal sup- porters of Roosevelt's political ideals and principles. The business of the Board of Governors to be to make certain that the teaching under the Roosevelt Foundation should not deviate from the known principles of Theodore Roosevelt; to direct the activities of the organization ; and to publish a weekly bulletin or magazine to be called "The Roosevelt Torchbearer." The business of each local branch to be to provide necessary funds (about $1,000.00 yearly) for the teaching of Americanism and citizenship in the local high school by some teacher trained in college or in some normal school under the Roosevelt Foundation. Funds Interest on an endowment of $500,000.00, to be augmented by annual membership fees of one dollar. National Headquarters To be located at the Roosevelt House, 28 E. 20th Street, New York City. Total fund needed $10,500,000.00. — Anonymous. Conservation of Wild Life 21 II. Conservation of IVild Life It is proposed to establish at Washington an institution to be known as "The Roosevelt Foundation for the Conservation of Wild Life," the object of which shall be the conservation of wild life, mainly in America but secondarily in other parts of the world. The wild life to be thus conserved being princi- pally the native bird and mammal faunas. The Foundation should be governed by a Board of Trustees under whom a Director would have administrative control of its activities. The expenses of the organization should be borne by income from the trust, or foundation, funds. The activi- ties of the Foundation may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Investigations necessary to supply accurate information concerning wild life, its present and former status, its relations to man and studies of the factors to be considered in relation to saving and increasing valuable species threatened with extermi- nation. The Foundation would become a central point where conservationists of America and elsewhere could obtain needed information to work effectively and should act as a clearing house in promoting conservation. 2. Educational work to inform the public of the importance and value of wild life should be undertaken through publica- tions and by promoting the activities of affiliating organizations and individuals. 3. The building up of a conservation reference library and of great information files including maps and other data which would be unique and of the utmost value in connection with making the Foundation useful to the national and state gov- ernments and communities in solving the constantly increasing and perplexing questions arising in connection with their conser- vation activities. 22 Conservation of Wild Life 4. The allotment of funds to be expended under the general supervision of the Director for the direct protection and in- crease of wild life in carrying out the object of the Foundation. As a boy, Colonel Roosevelt was a student of birds and seri- ously contemplated becoming a professional ornithologist. Later he became an ardent big game hunter and in time an ex- plorer of remote regions, always imbued with and led by his intense love and sympathy for wild life. When President he began the establishment of Federal bird and game refuges, one of the most notable and effective achieve- ments for the conservation of our birds and mammals. His delight in wild things of the forest and plain and his intimate association and fellowship with naturalists, big game hunters and others interested in wild life have been well known for years. Such an institution as the proposed foundation is urgently needed. Most well informed people now appreciate the value and importance of wild life and the need for its conservation. The perpetuation of our bird life is essential to successful agri- culture and forest growth, and the perpetuation of wild game is an insurance for the opportunity of healthful out-of-door activ- ities, such as those which transformed Colonel Roosevelt from weakly youth to the magnificent physique which all admired. The growth of population in all parts of the world and espe- cially in America is seriously endangering the future of our wild life and presents an opportunity that has few parallels for real service to mankind by a Foundation such as here suggested. The institution would be unique and would quickly become of world-wide influence. George Shiras, 3d., E. W. Nelson, Chief, Bureau Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. John B. Burnham, President American Game Protective Assn. Charles Sheldon. A S e as id c P a r k at O y s t c r Ji a y 2> 111. A Seaside Park at Oyster Bay A seaside park containing an athletic field, bathing beach, and a forum for public discussions, has been decided upon by the Oyster Bay Memorial Association of Oyster Bay, Inc., as a memorial to "Neighbor" Theodore Roosevelt, as he was known to his fellow-citizens the thirty years or more he lived on Sagamore Hill. Such a memorial would be both ol an enduring character, and one which would mark the domi- nant ideas of the man himself, his love of the American people, and his life-long interest in their welfare. Oyster Bay was the place of his home and most cherished affections. No other place is so fitting for a memorial from which the example of courage and patriotism contributed by his life may continue to radiate as an inspiration to genera- tions of Americans to come. The Association plans to obtain a section of land in Oyster Bay, comprising about thirt acres, under the name of Roosevelt Park, to be dedicated to the American people to whose honor and betterment he had de- voted his life. In such a park, in addition to the athletic field, would be a permanent monument in bronze or stone, and also a monument erected in memory of his youngest son, Lieutenant Quentin Roosevelt, who was killed while battling with a German airman. During his lifetime, Colonel Roosevelt himself expressed the wish that such a park might be created and urged the citizens to consider the matter at a town meeting six years ago. The scope of the plan would necessitate a substantial fund. Roosevelt Memorial Association of Oyster Bay, Inc. William Loeb, Jr., President. Acosta Nichols, Secretary. Mortimer L. Schiff, Treasurer. 24 A Cemetery in France IV. A Cemetery in France We have, I understand, some 55,000 men buried in France, our boys who gave their lives in the conflict just ended, among them Colonel Roosevelt's youngest son, of whom he said: "He flew the air like an eagle, and like an eagle he died," and for whom he had already requested permanent burial there. I propose that we write the name of Theodore Roosevelt with the names of our fallen heroes in a permanent burial place on French soil, to be known as the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Cemetery. Agnes Shufeldt. Belleau Wood, which has already been called by the French "The Wood of the Marines," to be made the final resting place of the bodies of the American dead whose families prefer to have them remain where they fell in France; and to be called the Roosevelt Memorial Cemetery. Suitable architecture and landscape treatment of this historic piece of ground would give it the dignity and sanctity of a memorial worthy of Colonel Roosevelt and of those who are to be buried there. Concerning the feasibility of this plan, John C. Greenway, Lieutenant-Colonel of the 101st Infantry, writes: "I am very familiar with the ground in the vicinity of Bel- leau Bois. The area included in the memorial park should be that bounded on the north by the Torcy-Belleau-Boresches Road, on the east by the Ravine Robert, on the south by a line running east and west through the northern outskirts of Lucy de Bocage, and on the west by a line running north and south through the west limits of Torcy. This park would encompass, Copyright, 19tfl. by Sanmc! Parsons A Cemetery in France 25 I should imagine, about five hundred acres. It can be reached in about two and a half hours' drive by motor from Paris." Hon. Fiorello H. LaGuardia, Congressman from New York, writes : "I heartily approve of the plan to acquire Belleau Wood as a memorial to the Great American. I do not think it would be advisable to introduce a bill during the last few days of this Congress, but if the Committee will study the matter and give me details, I will be glad to introduce such a bill at the very be- ginning of the Sixty-sixth Congress." Lawrence F. Abbott, Lyman Abbott, Richard Washburn Child, Arthur F. Cosby, John Mitchell, Samuel Parsons, W. F. Purdy, Cushing Stetson. 26 General Educational Projects V. General Educational Projects To perpetuate in living ways the character and principles of the great American, no memorial could do more than Roose- velt scholarships established in schools and colleges throughout the country. These scholarships should be of such variety that they would meet all needs, from four-year scholarships in college to six months' training in stenography, plumbing, agriculture, etc. The details could be worked out by the schools themselves, co- operating with educational authorities and vocational advisers. It should be possible to use much of the excellent machinery that has been employed during the last four years for emer- gency training courses. Eugenia Wallace, V ocational and Employment Director, Central Branch Young Women's Christian Association of New York City. I would have as a memorial Roosevelt scholarships to be awarded to young men not merely for academic excellence, but for qualities of personality and character which give promise that their holders will take their places worthily in the struggle for civic righteousness. Mr. Roosevelt's greatest gift to his country was his own rare personality. What better memorial, therefore, could he have than one which shall enrich and ener- gize the personalities of young men, and which shall inspire them to serve their age with something of his own courageous spirit ? Katherine F. Belsher, Department of History, Barringer High School. Newark, N. J. Gene r a I K d u c a 1 i rial Projects 27 The Chicago Health Department Food Inspector's Associa- tion in meeting assembled passed resolutions respectfully recom- mending "Schools of Forestry, Agriculture and Domestic Sci- ence" to be erected in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, suggesting that in such schools daily opening exercises be held, teaching the Theodore Roosevelt ideal of definite nationalism under one flag, the Stars and Stripes. There is no reason why each county in the country should not have such a school. If Theodore Roosevelt could have a voice in the matter he would surely be in favor of a plan that stands for the development of "Brawn and Brains." For the Committee : J. C. Krueger, Chairman Z. L. Blaisdell Harry Halbisch Chas. L. Ertsman Peter G. Larsen John H. Weaver. A Roosevelt Memorial Temple of Education! This Temple to be dedicated to the memory of Theodore Roosevelt, conse- crated to the promotion of universal education and donated to the Federal Government for use as the Administrative Offices of Federal Activities in Public Education. In its artistic and architectural designs it should be the most beautiful building on this continent. It should be erected at a cost of not less than $10,000,000 within the next ten years, on the most beautiful site available in the City of Washington, District of Columbia. The funds with which to erect this memorial should be ob- tained by popular subscriptions in ten equal annual payments, as this would be about as fast as they could be put to proper use. On this plan I believe the teachers of the United States would subscribe $5,000,000; for the highest tribute ever paid the teachers of this nation was by Roosevelt himself in his 28 General Educational P r oj e c t s memorable address at the National Education Association, in 1905, when he said that the characteristic work of the Republic is that done by the teachers; that if the teachers were to fail to do their work well the Republic would not outlast the span of a generation, that the teachers render an almost unbelievable service and make the whole world their debtor. A National Association should be authorized by Act of Con- gress for this purpose. J. L. McBrien, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, Wash- ington, D. C. America is essentially a country of industry and commerce. Roosevelt, above all else, knew and understood this great fact, and through all his career aimed chiefly to make better the conditions under which progressive industry and honest com- merce could flourish. He strove, from his first political victory in the New York Legislature to his last appeal for one hundred per cent Americanism, to make everything American the best possible. I suggest innumerable scholarships for the education of in- numerable Americans in all industrial arts, these industrial scholarships to be established for printers, silversmiths, carvers, lithographers, book-binders, furniture makers, jewelers, toy- makers, textile designers, ceramic designers, carpet weavers, etc., in fact, for nearly every industry throughout the country. Be- yond this, scholarships could be established for civic, oratorical, and rhetorical education among the industrial workers of America. I suggest further the following: 1. Each city and town to collect its own funds, upon which scholarships in that town can be founded. 2. A portion of each capital fund so collected to be turned over to the head committee in New York City for the estab- General Educational Projects 29 lishment of The Industrial Art Schools of New York, to be called, The Roosevelt Memorial. 3. A system of scholarships to be minutely worked out, whereby any intelligent, ambitious, industrious American boy or girl will be eligible. 4. The successful candidates for scholarships, if necessary, to be given sufficient money for maintenance, travel, clothes, etc. 5. A movement to be started in all the lower schools throughout the United States to make known to young Ameri- cans the opportunity that is there for them — to stimulate and encourage industry and ambition. 6. Some process of elimination to be established whereby the winner of a scholarship is still in competition with other successful students, and, should his progress not warrant the continuation of it, that it can be transferred to some more deserving student. On the other hand, should any scholar show great promise or talent, that the scholarship be so elastic that it can carry its winner to the highest point of proficiency. Annette Sterner Pascal. The last recommendation and the most elaborate in Wash- ington's first annual message to Congress was on behalf of edu- cation. It urged the foundation of a national university, which, as Senator Lodge says in his "Life of Washington," he had very much at heart and to which he constantly returned. The na- tional university has never advanced beyond the recommenda- tion of the first President. What more appropriate, more living monument could be erected to our dead heroes than a national house of learning in our national capital, where could be preserved and propagated the ideals which they died to keep alive? Here could come the great from every nation bearing the torches of the new civiliza- tion which the free peoples of the earth have with their lifeblood ushered into the world. Here could the vouth of the land be 30 General Educational Projects trained in all the arts of good citizenship. Here could be taught in untainted, unhyphenated form a sterling Americanism. In loving memory of the greatest of our war heroes let the hall of learning be called The Roosevelt National University. Nothing would so please him as to be considered one of those who died for his country — fighting. The memorial would be threefold in scope. It would be a memorial to Washington, who first realized the need of a pure, unentangled Americanism. It would be a memorial to Theo- dore Roosevelt, who in the great crisis was the first to see the peril lurking in the path of our Americanism — what we had of it in 191-1 — and to preach with his whole soul against the menace. It would be a memorial to our brave boys who died across the seas that the ideals for which Americanism stands might yet live. Arthur H. Bone. If Mr. Roosevelt's ideals are to be kept before the American people it would seem to be necessary to translate his personal powers as a leader into a social machinery of leadership based upon definite psychological principles. Such principles can be found in the philosophy of example formulated by Gabriel Tarde. All human progress depends upon the dissemination of definite ideas, and the rate of progress depends entirely upon the manner in which a given idea reaches the mass of the people. Fatal mistakes can be made by sending out an idea from a center without "prestige" or by giving it an unsuitable place in a sequence of ideas. A conspicuous center of leadership should be established in New York from which all the intellectual and moral resources of the nation can be organized in a unified scheme, the churches being used as local centers throughout the country and the pulpit enlisted in the dissemination of a carefully planned series of ideas. No new courses of lectures are needed; no scholarships; General Educational P r o } e c t s 31 but a certain kind of efficiency classes can be made very useful. We have organized our military resources. We have or- ganized our industrial resources. We have never made the least attempt to organize our intellectual and moral resources, which are back of everything else; and until this is done there seems little hope of checking the advance of Socialism. There are two causes or springs of human action : 1. The influence of education. 2. The compulsion of government. Today we are feverishly organizing the powers of compulsion and throwing all strength into the hands of government. We entirely forget that back of all government must be the influence of education, and that the more education we have the less government we need. Mr. Roosevelt never tired of urging the need of individual development. Social unrest will never be checked until we cease to put the cart before the horse, change the result by reversing the process, and so organize the powers of education — all the influences of daily life — that wrongs can be righted without universal re- course to the socialistic powers of governmental compulsion. E. C. Curtis. The Eugenics Research Association respectfully memorializes the Roosevelt Permanent Memorial National Committee earnestly to consider the appropriateness and feasibility of estab- lishing the proposed permanent Roosevelt Memorial in Roose- velt's own voting precinct in the town of Oyster Bay, in the form of the Roosevelt Institute of American Family Life, to be developed in connection with the Eugenics Record Office of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, which owns eighty acres of land in Roosevelt's own voting precinct and has already laid the foundation for the study of the factors controlling American family life. This memorial institute would strive 32 General Educational Projects to advance those ideals of responsible and patriotic parenthood as opposed to economic ease without parenthood, for which patriotic responsibility Theodore Roosevelt so valiantly battled. We respectfully call your attention to the following factors which contribute to the fitness of this suggestion: 1. The Roosevelt Memorial should be something of per- manent and dynamic value to the American people. 2. It should, like the man in whose memory it is built, battle for the advancement of the eugenical ideal in American family life as opposed to economic ease without family re- sponsibilities. 3. The memorial should be located in Roosevelt's own neighborhood, in the vicinity of Sagamore Hill, to which shrine pilgrimages will be made for all time to come. 4. The safety of the foundation fund could be absolutely secured by placing it as a trust with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, which has already taken over the Eugenics Record Office located in Theodore Roosevelt's own neighborhood. Funds entrusted to this institution would be assured proper use in exact accordance with their donor's wishes. 5. Its proximity to New York City makes the Oyster Bay neighborhood an exceptionally fitting place for the location of an institute devoted to the advancement of Roosevelt's ideas of racial vigor because: (a) Within 200 miles of Oyster Bay 20 per cent of the population of the United States reside. Among these residents there exists a great conflict between the desire for economic ease and the call to responsible parenthood. (b) Facilities for social and economic research and pedigree investigation are at hand ; in Oyster Bay town — The Eugenics Record Office, and in New York City — the great libraries, and the headquarters of many social research institutions of national scope. Eugenics Research Association. General Educational Projects 33 The following resolutions were unanimously passed at the annual meeting and banquet of the Merchants' Protective Asso- ciation of Titusville, Pa., Tuesday evening, January 30, 1919: "Resolved, that the Merchants' Protective Association of Titusville, Pa., most heartily approve of a contemplated popular memorial to Theodore Roosevelt, by the whole nation, and that this memorial shall be of an educational nature, perpetuating to coming generations his example of all that is good and noble in American citizenship." Merchants Protective Association. 34 Agricultural Agricultural Endowment Fund One hundred and twenty-five families, healthy, strong and eager to till the soil and own their own farm homes, to be selected and provision made for all their needs — shelter, food, clothing, education, social privileges and pleasures — until their labor, under the direction of their teachers, had paid the debt incurred by the undertaking. Farms to be 150 acres if not irrigated, 80 if irrigated. Each department of the community to have for its manager the most competent man to be found, regardless of cost; these instructors and managers to be a farm manager, a dairy super- intendent, a swine director, a shepherd, a poultry chief, and a teacher of domestic science, in addition to such other teachers as might be necessary for the proper general education of the community, nothing to remain unprovided which may be neces- sary for the living of happy, successful, and well-rounded lives. In ten years at the longest these people would own their farms, fully paid for, with all the improvements. They could then decide whether they would continue as a community, with all its advantages, or each take his individual holdings and go his own way. These men would sign a contract with the holding company, who would guard the rights of the Govern- ment, the State, and the Memorial Association that furnished the money; the land which they farm to be theirs when the debt was paid. If dissatisfied, families would be permitted to leave the colony at any time, but would have no claim for fur- ther pay. What they had would have paid for their labor. If they saw it through they each would have possessions worth not less than $25,000. The expenses would amount to $250,000 a year; receipts Agricultural 35 over $800,000; initial endowment, $2,000,000. I propose to make this community so satisfactory to its people and so profit- able that when the object lesson, which one colony will give, is furnished, every government, national and state, all over the world will immediately adopt it. H. D. Watson. 36 Monuments VII. Monuments A bronze lion set on a granite pedestal in some wild spot in Rock Creek Park. Anonymous. Won't you please let the New York schoolboys build a statue of Teddy the Rough Rider at Broadway and 17th St. like the one of Washington at 4th Ave. and 14th Street? Anonymous. If Roosevelt's birthplace were purchased and a collection of all his works — speeches, etc., everything pertaining to his life — were gathered there and left open to the public, that would be a fitting memorial to America's greatest citizen. Mrs. I. R. Kimball. A monument, not pretentious but absolutely worthy, which shall stand where the boys and young manhood of New York and the visitors from all over the world shall gain inspiration for personal and political manhood in the days to come, a monument in bronze, simple like the man himself, yet forceful as he was. Edward F. Stevens. The memory of "the world's greatest citizen" should be preserved not by one huge memorial piece in one place, but by 4 & % ! Monuments 37 several great statues scattered throughout America, say at San Francisco, New Orleans, St. Paul, St. Louis, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and by all means at Washington, D. C. He should be shown as "Roosevelt the American." Show him as the man of the people. Show him as nearly as possible as the average American saw him and knew him. It might be well enough to somewhat diversify the statues, but I believe a uniform continuity in the statues would be as well, if not better. It will better rivet the picture. Frank G. Curtis. An equestrian figure on a mountain silhouetted against the sky. He loved the great outdoors. He loved his horse. He loved his men, the Rough Riders, comprising as they did the men of the plain, of the ranch and of the army service! The place: The Hudson Palisades, at some noble and fitting spot. The time: The period of the Spanish War. The man: Theodore Roosevelt, surrounded by his comrades in their pic- turesque uniforms and accoutrements and other fitting subjects worthy the best thoughts of artists and judges who can be found, to assure the proper conceiving and completing of a monument that, like the Pyramid and Sphinx, will live as long as time. Robert H. Love. Theodore Roosevelt never flinched when it came to standing up and being counted in behalf of the principles of justice, fair play and square dealing — to friend or foe alike — at all times. This being the fact, let symbols of these principles be grouped in some manner around a statue of Roosevelt to show what he stood for in life and to keep it constantly before the people. 38 Monuments Such memorials could be placed in Boston, New York, Phila- delphia, Washington, Baltimore, Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, New Orleans, St. Louis and all other large cities at not a very great cost to each. Frederic G. W. Sigrist. A People's Palace which would bear the name of The Theo- dore Roosevelt Forum. To my mind, Madison Square Garden would be an ideal location for this edifice. The main feature of this building would of course be the auditorium, seating thousands and affording those in moderate circumstances and the poor to benefit by giving of concerts, lectures and other forms of entertainment, which would tend to educate and ele- vate them. Rooms in the building could be utilized for various educational purposes. Wm. M. Schnitzer. The greatest memorial that can be raised to Theodore Roose- velt is the carrying into effect of his ideals of Americanism. Any memorial of bronze and stone must, to be worth while, be a symbol of this truth. I therefore propose that there be erected a Roosevelt gateway to the New World somewhere in New York, preferably at Battery Park or on Riverside Drive. This gateway might well take the form of a landing stage or artificial harbor, through which both the humblest immigrant as well as those the nation delights to honor might come to America. Back of this landing stage might be built a monumental approach, telling by bas-reliefs and sculptured forms of the history and ideals for which America stands. In its center might stand a great fountain to symbolize the Mississippi, the river that divides and yet unites the East and the West. The waters of the fountain, flowing into the Bay, might serve as Monuments 39 a dividing line to mark the twin landing places of the Pacific and the Atlantic; thus the whole monument would stand as a symbol, not only of the historical but the geographical America to which Theodore Roosevelt gave his devoted life. Such a monument would be more than a mere creation of bronze and marble, it would be a living witness of those ideals of Americanism which found their highest expression in the one American who spoke with the voice of both the East and the West. Harold Trowbridge Pulsifer. A monumental all-bronze book of forty pages, each 4 feet by 6 feet, perfectly proportioned, sculptured in low relief and set on a pedestal. The forty notable phases or events of Mr. Roosevelt's career to be arranged in order, and illustrations and borders designed for each page, with complete yet concise bronze-lettered bio- graphical matter to cover two-thirds the surface of each page. The forty best sculptors in America each to be commissioned to model a page with border; all to harmonize. The result would be typically American, like the subject — a book for a book maker — a true memorial to inspire posterity with an actual, interesting message. Replicas could be cast from the moulds for the libraries or parks of various cities and every school class would be taken once at least to turn and read the never to be forgotten pages. As a people of high ideals and tall buildings, let us set the books in towering pure white campaniles with a clock, chimes and a great pipe organ for a public shrine of Americanism and song, and a landmark for aviators. Robert C. Lafferty. I do not see that any adequate memorial to Roosevelt has yet been proposed, or is likely to be undertaken. There is 40 Monuments room for a great artist to conceive such a memorial. There is one phase of his character and history that suggests it: Fighter that he was, and preacher of the gospel of preparedness, he yet achieved more for peace than any man in the world during his time, or perhaps in any time. What one man ever before through his personal character and efforts composed such a war as that between Russia and Japan? This feat Roosevelt did. No other man in the world at that time could have done it. And it was not merely because he was the head of a great people, but because he spoke with such personal weight and authority. It was also mainly through his efforts — he wrote a personal letter to the Kaiser — that France and Germany did not draw swords over the Morocco affair. These are some of the reasons why his memory should be celebrated and perpetuated by a peace monument — a figure or a group of figures, of heroic size, or more than heroic size, erected in Washington and dedicated to his memory. John Burroughs. A Roosevelt Acropolis of American History, to be situated either at Lake Champlain or at Valley Forge, preferably on the slopes of the hill that rises from the Schuylkill, amid the shadowy lines of the redoubts of the Continental Army, the memorial huts, and Washington's headquarters. In the chapel at Valley Forge are the bays of the thirteen original States. In this temple would be the Halls of the forty-eight States of today. Thus the present nation, sublime in its power, typified in Theodore Roosevelt, would look down in reverence on the ground where the United States was really created, the very soil where George Washington held together divers elements that struggled through confusion to unity. The Roosevelt Memorial at Valley Forge should be a labor- atory of United States History. It should contain a Hall for convention purposes, equipped with picture-projection machines. »"*■ f:f: Copyright, 1910. by Robert ('. Lafferty Monuments 41 In this Hall would be shown, from time to time, material vividly illustrating phases of the History of the Nation, and this material in replica? would be distributed throughout the United States, to community centers, for use in translating to the collective mind of the people the great story of our de- velopment. Samuel Abbott. A Monumental Bronze Book (See page 39) I propose a monument that will be strictly and in every sense a monument, and a monument worthy of the greatness of its object. I am strongly opposed to the idea that, like a Christ- 42 Monuments mas present of socks and suspenders, it must be "something useful." This nation is not so poor that we need to build "something" while Ave try to fool ourselves into thinking that it is a real monument. Let us not erect a headstone suitable to crack nuts upon, nor a "memorial" to do duty as a fire-signal tower. Give us no utilitarian buildings of any kind! Let the memorial be anything else than a highway or a bridge. The ghastly joke of the Lincoln Highway for the convenience of automobilists, is quite enough of that sort of thing. Does anyone object to the expenditure of money for a monu- ment that can not be "used" all the year round? If so, I ask him to turn to Holy Writ and read St. Matthew xxvi, 6-12, about "the box of precious ointment" that the Woman of Bethany bestowed upon the Lord in token of her reverent love, and was rebuked by the disciples for the waste of good ma- terial. The disciples were taught a lesson in proportion that should not now be lost in the selection of a design for a Roose- velt monument. I propose, as the expression of the American people, a real monument, the most beautiful and grand ever erected by the hands of man. On the highest hill in Central Park, New York, the metropolis of the Western hemisphere and the birthplace of Theodore Roosevelt, let there be erected a white marble and bronze monument, 550 feet high and 60 feet in diameter, a fluted column, with a capital of bronze surmounted by a colos- sal figure of Liberty. On the four-sided base of bronze, let there be placed four groups of statuary, in bronze, to typify Roosevelt's activities and influences as a statesman, soldier, hunter-naturalist and citizen. The white marble shaft would typify the purity of Roose- velt's ideals and his life. The bronze, in striking contrast, would represent the permanence of his achievements for man- kind, his fame, and the love that mankind bears toward his memory. William T. Hornaday, Director, Nezv York Zoological Park. Monuments 43 The great spirit of Theodore Roosevelt, an inspiration to naturalists, bird-lovers, conservationists and sportsmen, today rests upon the nation like a mighty benediction. Men of the open loved him and the faces about his campfire, whether black or yellow, white or copper, bent their gaze upon him with that respect and affection which men of towering nobility have ever inspired. He was a scientific collector of birds in his youth and in man- hood sought the fiercest animals of the jungle and brought his trophies to museums where the public might look upon them and learn. As President he established the principle of gov- ernment bird-reservations, and created thirty-eight of these national wild-life sanctuaries. He awoke the nation to the need of saving its forests and other natural resources. He taught and practiced clean, straight sportsmanship with a power that has caused thousands of men afield to walk in straighter paths. He discussed questions understanding^ with our greatest technical naturalists and at the same time was president of the Long Island Bird Club that feeds the wild birds in winter and teaches little children to love them. The man or woman who is wedded to the open knows these facts and many others. It is because of this knowledge and of a desire to give some tangible expression of esteem in which his memory is held that the plan has been formed to erect at some appropriate spot a memorial that speaks of the wild bird- life in which he was so deeply interested. The National Association of Audubon Societies and affiliated organizations of various kinds throughout the United States, therefore, call upon the friends of their great fallen leader to erect a Roosevelt Memorial Fountain. The possibilities of such a work of art are boundless and in the hands of some great American sculptor there can be wrought a fountain of such beauty and appropriateness that it will become one of the land-marks of our country; and ever serve as a reminder of the great American Nature Lover. 44 Monuments A National Committee co-operating with the officers and directors of the Association has been formed to aid in the collection of funds and in the ultimate selection of a proper work of art. National Association of Audubon Societies, William Dutch er, President, T. Gilbert Pearson, Secretary, Jonathan Dwight, Treasurer. An arc h composed of the square and the triangle forms. The central, dominating idea, the power of the inspiration of the ideal, the development of humanity from the cave man on through the succeeding degrees of enlightenment up to the highest now known, with the bright light of idealism still lead- ing humanity ever upwards toward yet greater ideals. The base of the arch, rising out of the earth itself, sur- rounded by the rough rocks, with clustering trees, shrubs and vines, symbolizes the lowly beginning of man. Out of this de- velops the simple, strong structure which is to support the more highly developed forms of ideality. The rough forms of ornamentation on the sides leading up to and encircling the globe, symbolize the great stream of Life, through which the human being struggles, striving toward the ideal as typified by the topmost figure reaching upward toward the light above, held on the tips of the fingers. On the four squares just below the globe, supporting the top figure, to stand four groups to typify four great epochs in human history. Upon the smooth face of the arch, to be carved, in hiero- glyphic style, the story of humanity's struggles and achieve- ments and hopes for the future. The base of the arch to be built of re-inforced cement faced with suitable stone. The upper portions to be of granite; the topmost figure, surmounting the arch, to be of bronze. Monuments 45 The triangular form of the arch is an adaptation from the ancient Mayan architecture found in the buried cities of Cen- tral America. Gerald Cassidy, Sculptor. Copyriglxt, 1919, by Gerald Cassidy At a meeting of the P. E. O. Sisterhood, Chapter A, High- land, Ulster County, New York, on Thursday, February 20, 1919, it was unanimously voted that the women of New York State erect a suitable monument to perpetuate the memory of Theodore Roosevelt ; and that no more fitting memorial could be erected than an equestrian statue of Roosevelt suggested by Mr. Darling's drawing, "The Long, Long Trail," surrounded by his Rough Riders in their uniforms. This to be erected at some quiet spot along the Palisades of the Hudson. Jennie H. Rose, Secretary pro tern, P. E. O. 46 Monuments To secure a plot or park in the city of Washington and in the center erect a memorial as follows: A light colored granite structure 300 feet square with broad steps, at least eighteen inches wide, and to have at least thirty of them running up to the main floor. Standing a suitable distance from the steps six dark granite pillars on each side, polished, about 70 feet in height and in circumference about 25 feet ; these to be similar to those in the Episcopal Cathedral in New York. From the top of the steps to the main structure inside the pillars a walk about 40 feet in width. Inside the edifice to be similar to the tomb of Napoleon at Paris, with beautiful crypt in center ; the rail around it to be of Tennessee polished marble, with a top of some dark or black highly polished marble. The whole to be lighted from the top. Around the sides inside to have glass cases in which would be displayed all the telegrams and messages of condolence sent from all over the world. Over the main entrance the figure of Justice, with the scales, repre- sentative of the Square Deal. On one side on the outside of the building the "Long, Long Trail" in bronze. On the opposite side the plan of the Panama Canal, also in bronze. At the four corners of the foundation or steps, bronze figures of the Army, another corner the Navy, the others the Red Cross and one representing Faith, Hope and Charity. On top of the dome an immense eagle with outstretched wings. Anonymous. Newspapers 47 VIII. Newspapers The best Memorial to Roosevelt will be a splendid news- paper published in Washington in a building especially designed for its work. A newspaper of his liking free and open for the discussing of the great Human Problems which Come up from time to time. Roosevelt was a born genius of the pen, and there was nothing in his life he enjoyed so much, as publicity and the chance to impress his ideas and ideals upon the world. F. Edwin Elwell. A daily or weekly paper to be called "America and the Square Deal, A Living Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt," and to be edited by men who shall speak as Roosevelt would speak on international, national, social, industrial, religious, political, family, and other questions — men who will emphasize, as he would, Americanism ; a paper that shall be unique in the field of literature, at a price within the reach of all. Such a paper could be the medium through which necessary funds might be raised to place stone or bronze statues wherever they may be desired ; its revenue-raising features to make it self-support- ing, and its true Americanism to insure its permanency. Its subscription list would take in the human race. Colonel Roosevelt was a voice. "He being dead must yet speak." Samuel Heagan Jordan. The memorial to Mr. Roosevelt should take the form of the press, of a special press, a press that shall hold perennially 48 Newspapers aloft the torch of American ideals and, more than that, keep it daily burning. A syndicate could establish such a daily paper in every state at once. Such a start could be made the nucleus of the distribu- tion in every hamlet of a daily paper that would be popular, that would be free from both partisanship and moneyed in- fluence. Its columns could be thrown open for any sensible discussion, for elevating competitions, for anything that will get people to think intelligently. If we could secure some national agency that would help the individual to think on his own two feet and to express that thinking fearlessly but rationally, we might do much to avert this tremendous impul- sive slipping and sliding of huge unthinking groups. Grace Alden Beard Walker. Homes for Children 49 IX. Homes for Children The erection and maintenance of one or more homes for children — to be called the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Home. These homes to be located in various large cities ; the funds for the purchase of real estate and erection of buildings to be raised by popular subscriptions of $1.00 each throughout the nation. E. T. Hall. Since the war is practically over and the problems of recon- struction are beginning, a fitting monument to our unfor- gettable Roosevelt would be a large house, possibly comprising an entire city block, in which mothers and fathers with de- pendent children can be housed, the parents helped to find em- ployment, and tided over in time of idleness, the children cared for during the day; to help keep families together and keep children and their parents from having to apply for charity. The institution could be made self-supporting, and these houses could be established not only over the United States, but all over the world. If anything would be better fitted to grow up a stock of good Americans, it is this — not to give charity to people but to keep them away from it, to give mothers and fathers a chance to work without anxiety while their children are off the streets, in good hands, away from bad and sometimes criminal influence. I hope you will give my humble proposition consideration. My name matters not — I am only a mother that knows what all this would mean to others, and to many war orphans, and how the heart of our great Roosevelt would be with this work of humanity. Anonymous. 50 Hospitals X. Hospitals Could there be a better national memorial to Colonel Roose- velt than a home, preferably of the cottage colony type, for permanently disabled soldiers, located in or near Oyster Bay? Harriet Gaylord. If every community would raise endowments and establish a hospital or hospitals in their vicinity having rooms as well as endowments labelled after our ex-President no better monu- ment could be raised to a man who admired real but quiet appreciation. In this way his name would be commemorated in every part of this vast nation. E. A. Hall. Free municipal dental clinics in every public school, to give free dental service to the school children. The ravages of decayed teeth at an early age, as found in over 97 per cent of the school children, has been proved to so undermine the health of a great percentage of the adult in subsequent years, through systemic infection of various types, traceable to the teeth, as to defeat all efforts of treatment put forth by medical skill. Mr. Roosevelt himself was a victim of systemic infection, traceable to or resulting from diseased teeth. Millions of persons die from systemic infections of mys- terious origin. A very large percentage of these deaths are Hospitals 51 directly caused by focal infections from diseased teeth, which seldom show any signs of local disturbance. Municipal dental clinics have been operated in various cities and the results have been marvelous, warranting the extension of similar clinics throughout the entire school system, as a memorial of the greatest value in honor of Mr. Roosevelt. M. M. Bluhm, D. D.S. 52 Museums XI. Museums A permanent Museum in New York City, including a room devoted to everything that would be appropriate for Roosevelt, the Patriot and American — to be known as Room No. 1. A second room would cover Roosevelt the Scholar — with a complete library of his works. A third would be de- voted to Roosevelt the Naturalist, Explorer, Discoverer, Hunter, etc., abounding in pictures and any trophies that are appropriate. A fourth room might show Roosevelt the Citizen — a complete history of his life from boyhood — his homes — their character — (these also in picture) — his sports all through life, his chosen companions, etc. A fifth room might illustrate Roosevelt's interest in the various races of humanity and what he did for them. A sixth room might include the story of the Panama Canal, the necessity for it, the acquiring of the place, the building of it, etc. Caroline Kay Long. A Roosevelt Memorial Museum to contain books, papers, statues, pictures, trophies, a large auditorium, a publication de- partment and many other things. While there should be big game, yet it should be exhibited in a manner to bring out the fact that he did not kill for the love of killing, or blood lust, but as a clean sportsman-naturalist, and that he was truly the world's greatest protector of animal and bird life. In the auditorium there should be frequent lectures and speeches by men who knew him. The publication department would be the main feature, with its Roosevelt Museum Jour- nal and other publications and reprints. M u s e u m s S3 Under its own management, the museum could be conducted as an independent organization, modeled after that of the large modern museums, and financed along lines which would give to all the privilege of contributing, and by sale of the Roose- velt Museum Journal and other publications, and by member- ship fees; or, it might be found advisable to erect and conduct this museum as an annex to some other museum. The truth about Roosevelt should be presented in a way to make his life an example to posterity, to lead men to better and cleaner lives, and to educate and uplift humanity. Russell J. Coles. 54 Clubs XII. Clubs A" Roosevelt Dead-Game-Sport Club, with headquarters throughout the country and branches in the larger cities, a place in which full play would be given for the things that were dear to his heart and represented patriotic, manly activities; a place free from the mollycoddle and goody-goody boy idea; a place for sparring, tennis, bowling, gymnasium, etc., for lec- tures on practical politics, business and travel, with a library and lunch room. In most cases space would be devoted to Boy Scouts as Junior Members. It also might be possible to develop the appeal by such organizations as the Locomotive Engineers Roosevelt Club, the Carpenters Roosevelt Club, the Laborers Roosevelt Club, the Bankers Roosevelt Club, etc. Howard Constable. I suggest the establishment of clubs such as operated by the War Camp Community Service. As a member of the Club Department, New York Office, War Camp Community Service, it is a part of my duty to visit affiliated clubs and talk with the enlisted men. One evening it occurred to me to ask the men if they thought it would be to their advantage if some of the clubs were made permanent. The response was unanimous. The men were beginning to wonder what they would do after peace was signed. A composite statement covering comments made by several men follows: "Must we loaf about the streets, saloons and worse places? Before the war 6th Avenue and 14th Street was 'sailor's town.' The height of our ambition was to go into Tom Sharkey's Clubs 55 saloon and look at the women. Now we don't go to this dis- trict — we prefer to stay in the cluhs. "The War Camp Community Service has done the most wonderful thing in the world in raising the morale of the sol- diers and sailors. We can go to these clubs and talk with decent women. "We want to keep hold of the friends we made during the war and if we had these clubs to go to we could do this." George J. Kneeland, New York War Camp Community Service. The organization of clubs throughout the country, to be known as "Disciples of Roosevelt" — whose aim and purpose would be to express and perpetuate what he thought and struggled for, since his early manhood, in making this govern- ment what it ought to be. Whether the future government is to be conducted by one of the existing dominant parties, or a new political organization under some other name, such clubs in cities, towns, villages and hamlets in all sections would exert a power for good that would make America a mecca of civilization. Charles K. Hammitt. 56 Highways, Etc. XIII. Highways, Parks and Cities We have honored our great men by naming for them cities they did not build and states they did not found. I suggest that the Panama Canal be re-named after the man who built it, the Roosevelt Canal. Minnie J. Reynolds. An Atlantic to Pacific route, beginning at his home on the Sound, including Washington, the scene of so much of his official career, including, en route to his mother's home in the Southland, a pilgrimage to Washington's tomb at Mt. Vernon, winding its way across the prairies and mountains of the West, and ending somewhere along the Pacific. Roosevelt College or hospital, or numberless parks and reser- vations, might well find congenial surroundings along such a highway, set with trees, bridges, community centers and bronze tablets, uniting the whole nation. Frederick L. Smith. Let the dunes of Indiana be made the National Roosevelt Memorial Park. One great national park ought to be near the center of population. The other national parks are in the Rockies, the Black Hills, and the Pacific coast mountains, all remote from the body of the people. This proposed dune park occupies a strip of land twenty-five miles long, and from one to three miles wide in northern Indiana, bordering Lake Michigan. Highways, Etc. 57 The dune country is skirted by several of the great trunk lines of railroad and is accessible directly from Lake Michigan with an unoccupied beach twenty-five miles in length directly touching the dune country. It is one of the fortunate incidents in the development of the lake country that this dune region was, geologically speak- ing, so recently uncovered by the receding waters of the lake as to be primarily unattractive for either agricultural or man- ufacturing purposes, and so has been spared in a state of almost undisturbed natural beauty. It is one of the few sites in the world where nature's great process of continent building goes on so rapidly as to be visible to the unaided eye. The project is of the greatest permanent importance and value to the people on its merits. All the reasons for establish- ing any national park are cogent and convincing for establishing this park. It is of the utmost importance that this park be es- tablished now, before it is too late. Merritt Starr. A new avenue, parallel to Fifth Avenue, between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. Beginning at the Worth Monu- ment, at Twenty-fifth Street, and running north through Bryant Park to Central Park and widening out as it approaches the park, thereby forming an open square. Place in the center of this square an heroic equestrian statue of Colonel Roosevelt. M. M. W. The building of a model American city, the city of Roosevelt, to be located in the Middle West, convenient to a great water power, with good rail and, if possible, water connections. The city to be designed by wholly American talent under direction of committees of American artists, sculptors, architects, 58 H i g hivay s , Et c . landscape gardeners, real estate developers and specialists in every line. In the center of the city a large space to be reserved for the monument proper (described later). Surrounding the monument should stand the municipal build- ings and museums of the things that Roosevelt loved, both in American history and in natural history. Suitable locations to be set aside for: Public paries and play- grounds; Zoological grounds; Botanical gardens; Grounds for a university. Funds for endowment to be solicited later. Space also to be set aside for business and for factories with model housing conditions. The establishment of a municipal newspaper and magazine, "The Square Deal," with editorial pages open to all political parties, indorsing all of its accepted advertising. The development committee to arrange the sale of lots, with- holding certain choice ones and yet giving the early investors a chance to profit by their investment; no speculation to be allowed; the one aim to be the rapid growth of a great city, and only by following the life rule of its namesake, "The square deal for every one." The details of incorporation to be arranged by a committee of financiers, and the initial amount raised by the general sale of stock of small denominations and, possibly, underwritten by bonds. A typical American monument, and it would seem an appro- priate one, is the one used by the American Indian: the heap of stones, each stone brought by a friend and cast upon the pile. Many thousands would make the pilgrimage, and for a small fee could be given a certificate that they had contributed to the building of the real Roosevelt monument, which, as time went on, would reach impressive proportions. The small stones could be cemented into a growing pyramid or shaft, should that form be chosen. Charles Larned Robinson. Highways, Etc. 59 If I could turn my love into action and my grief into gold I'd build for Theodore Roosevelt the kind of memorial that I know he would have liked and I'd call it the Happy Hunting Ground. First, I'd find out in what part of this country the most species of the best American trees grow best and live longest. Then I would secure in that part of the country a vast territory from which by folly and greed the original forest had been stripped. Then I would begin to plant. But mostly I'd plant our Eastern oak, the white oak, because in the strength and soundness and splendor of his life the man himself most re- sembled that tree. But I'd plant rare trees, too, from all over the country and from all over the world. I'd ask people who loved him to contribute to this forest little trees of the kind they loved the best, and I should see starting each upon its separate destiny millions and millions of trees, young, gay and brilliant. Yet each separate destiny would have a part in the destiny of the whole. Branch touches branch, the leaves fall, the forest floor is mulched and enriched, the leaders of the trees reach up- ward, higher and higher toward the light. So he reached up- ward ever higher and higher, and so because of him the nation began to look upward from the shame and lethargy into which it had been befooled, and to reach upward, too, toward the light. I'd call it the Happy Hunting Ground, because he was a mighty hunter and because that is just what it would be. The man who loves birds could hunt for them in this forest and watch them and study them ; so it would be with the man who loves trees, so with the flower lover and the lover of ferns. There would be bear and deer in the forest and fish in the streams. Forever and ever such a memorial would grow more gracious and more beautiful, more useful and more used, more enchant- ing and more haunted. No ready-made primeval forest would do me. There are things already created to remember him by — things that he created himself — the Panama Canal — the wish of a whole 60 H i g hway s , Et c . people to be on the whole a little squarer and a little straighter than it had ever been before — lots of things. But the memorial which we ourselves must raise to him ought, I think, to be a creation of something good and beautiful, from the ground up. Statues get their ringers broken and their noses worn smooth ; fashions that seem beautiful to one generation seem preposterous to the next; true art is, indeed, based upon nature, but only Nature herself has the beauty which is eternal. I think he would like to be remembered forever and ever in a Happy Hunting Ground which was the creation of those who lived in the same age with him and who loved him, and which should become the care of the generations to whom he will be a symbol of the Republic — a myth, a fable, a romance and a fairy story, and, like Lincoln, a human and a God-fearing man. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. r e e s XIV. Trees Colonel Roosevelt did more than any other man to awaken the public to the value of our forests and inland resources when he called the conference of governors in 1908. At that conference he said : "We must prepare against the advent of a woodless age." I propose that the people of the United States answer that call by planting memorial trees in Colonel Roosevelt's honor. Charles L. Pack. 62 A National Holiday XV. A National Holiday One day in the year to be set apart as a National Roosevelt Memorial Holiday, preferably Mr. Roosevelt's birthday, the same as we have set aside Washington's and Lincoln's birthdays, when the whole country will hold memorial services and set forth and preach the ideals and sturdy patriotism so bravely and unceasingly taught by Mr. Roosevelt. Cora G. Thompson. Theodore Roosevelt was a lover of the great outdoors, of nature, exercise and sports. I suggest that we take this as one of our reasons for making our memorial a universal service to mankind throughout the United States by having a Roosevelt Day. Disturb business as little as possible by appointing a Saturday in the summer. They are now quite generally half holidays throughout the country. This would make a per- petual memorial, with the opportunity for all of us to follow some of Theodore Roosevelt's teachings. The first Saturday in August, equidistant from Independence Day and Labor Day, or if labor should deem Theodore Roosevelt to have been suf- ficiently its champion to wish to do him an added honor, the Saturday before Labor Day could be made Roosevelt Day, giving three days in succession in the summer for recreation in the great outdoors. Karl B. Sackmann. List of Members 63 Roosevelt Permanent Memorial National Committee Chairman: William Boyce Thompson Honorary Chairmen: William H. Taft Charles E. Hughes Vice-Chairmen : Henry Cabot Lodge John Mitchell A. T. Hert Hiram W. Johnson John T. King Treasurer: Albert H. Wiggin (Chase National Bank) MEMBERS Former Cabinet Members: Charles J. Bonaparte George B. Cortelyou Lyman J. Gage James R. Garfield Philander C. Knox Victor H. Metcalf Truman H. Newberry Elihu Root Leslie M. Shaw- Oscar S. Straus James Wilson Luke E. Wright Robert J. Wynne Army: Leonard Wood Navy: Robert E. Peary 64 Lis t o f M e m b e rs Newspapers and Magazines: Lyman Abbott, "The Outlook" Irvin R. Kirkwood, "The Kansas City Star" Charles Scribner, "Scribner's Magazine" Henry J. Whigham, "Metropolitan Magazine" Business: Harold L. Ickes Albert D. Lasker William Loeb, Jr. John M. Parker George W. Perkins Gifford Pinchot Joseph O. Thompson Harry F. Sinclair Philip Stewart Augustus H. Vogel William Wrigley, Jr. Farm: Henry C. Wallace, "Wallaces' Farmer" Labor : (See John Mitchell, Vice-Chairman, listed elsewhere, and John I. Nolan, listed elsewhere.) Church : James Cardinal Gibbons William T. Manning Social Worker: Raymond Robins Education : A. Lawrence Lowell Letters : George Harvey William Dean Howells Art: John Sargent Music: Walter Damrosch Stage : David Warfield List of Members 65 Women: Mrs. Whitclaw Re id Mrs. Frank A. Gibson Miss Harriet E. Vittum Naturalist: John Burroughs Big Game Hunters and Rough Riders: Carl E. Akeley Seth Bullock Russell Coles John C. Greenway W. W. Sewall Negro: Robert R. Moton Senators : Frank B. Kellogg William S. Kenyon Miles Poindexter Congressmen : Simeon D. Fess Clifton N. McArthur John I. Nolan Charles F. Reavis Wallace White Governors : Henry J. Allen, Kansas R. Livingston Beeckman, Rhode Island Thomas E. Campbell, Arizona James P. Goodrich, Indiana National Committeemen: Jacob L. Babler Willis C. Cook T. Coleman du Pont H. F. MacGregor William P. Jackson Earle S. Kinsley- Thomas A. Marlow H. L. Remmel Patrick Sullivan Charles B. Warren LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 981 043